Gujaratno Rajkiya ane Sanskritik Itihas Part 09 Azadi Pahela ane Pachi

Author(s): Hariprasad G Shastri, Pravinchandra Chimanlal Parikh
Publisher: B J Adhyayan Sanshodhan Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032612/1

Page #1
gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMtha 9 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (I. sa. 1915 thI 1960) T 110 20 zeTha bhALAbhAI zigabhAI adhyayana-- saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda

Page #2

Page #3
1947 pahelAMnuM gujarAta (rAjakIya) 25 68 71deg ( 69" 70* Present external boundary of India-.-. pA phi 2-tA na, -- pA la / ne 5 2 / 2. +2A] I Da 2 - 234 mA nIjha raga dvArA dhrAM ga dhra amadAvAda, mamamamama ka dI no e khI che | kha ga . (c) bhArata sarakAra kA pratilipyadhikAra 1987 (c) Government of India Copyright 1987 Surveyor General of India Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the bhArata ke mahAsavekSaka kI anujJAnusAra bhAratIya savekSaNa vibhAga ke mAnacitra para AdhArita / tA ga 2 jA ma na . che , vaDodarA : - he * o p le _ 2 |2 + ( a nA tapa che, M bhA ta nA che bI 40 # daivI . (goA, dajaNa aura dIya) 4i 26 32 48 mAIla 69 70 71 damaNa, (goY, Dumana rIva) 2[ 68 | The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line.

Page #4
saMzAdhana graMthamAlA-graMthAMka 84 zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa graMtha 9 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (I. sa. 1915 thI 1990) saMpAdake hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, ema. e., pIeca.DI. anusnAtaka adhyApaka, saMzodhana- mArgadarzaka ane nivRtta adhyakSa zeTha . je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda che ane te pravINacaMdra cimanalAla parIkha, ema. e., pIeca.DI. anusnAtaka adhyApaka, saMzAdhana-mArgadarzaka ane adhyakSa zeTha bho. je adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-380008

Page #5
prathama saMskaraNa f, 2043 I. sa. 1987 nakala : 2000 mAnacitroM ke AMtarika vivaraNoM ko sahI darzAne kA dAyitva prakAzaka kA hai / "Responsibility for the correctness of internal details shown on the maps rests with the publisher." kiMmata : rU. cAra prakAzaka pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha adhyakSa je. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana Azrama mArga, amadAvAda-380009 mudraka narendra DI. paTela umiyA prinTarI nAraNapurA gAma amadAvAda-380013

Page #6
prastAvanA gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsanI sacita graMthamAlAne A aMtima graMtha prakAzita thatAM ame kRtakRtyatA anubhavIe chIe. gujarAta rAjyanA mukhya maMtrI zrI baLavaMtarAya mahetAnA protsAhanathI bho. je. vidyAbhavane 1967mAM A graMthamAlAnI yojanA ghaDI ne rAjya sarakAre ene 75 TakAnA anudAnanI Arthika sahAya karavAnuM maMjUra karyuM, graMtha 1mAM itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA rUpe gujarAtanI prAgaitihAsika tathA Agha-etihAsika saMskRtionuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM. graMtha 2 mAM mauryakAlathI guptakAla, graMtha 3 mAM maitraka ane anu-maitraka kAla, graMtha mAM solaMkI kAla, graMtha 5 mAM saltanata kAla, graMtha mAM mughalakAla ane graMtha 7 mAM marAThA kAlanAM rAjakIya ItihAsa, rAjyataMtra, sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti, bhASA ane sAhitya, lipi, dharmasaMpradAye, sthApatyakIya smArake, zilpakRtio, citrakalA ityAdinuM nirUpaNa karAyuM. briTiza kAlane lagatI mAhitI ativipula heI graMtha 8 mAM I. sa. 1914 sudhInA itihAsane AvarI laI I. sa. 1915 thI 1947 sudhIne ItihAsa graMtha mAM levAmAM AvyuM, jemAM e pachI svAtaMtrya-prApti (1947) thI gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA(1960) sudhInA svAtaMtryottara itihAsane paNa samAveza karAye. chellA be graMthomAM keLavaNuM, mudraNakalA, patrakAratva, hunnarakalAo, purAtattvanI pravRtti, myujhiyama ityAdi keTalAka navA viSaya umerAyA. A graMthamAlAnA graMtha keI ekAda vidvAne lakhyA nathI, paraMtu dareka graMthanAM prakaraNa tathA pariziSTa te te viSayanA tajAe taiyAra karyA che ne saMpAdakoe te te lakhANanI pRSThasaMkhyA niyata karI te saMdarbhagraMtho tathA saMdarbha lekhethI pramANita rahe ne temAM pATI vagerenI ekadhArI paddhati jaLavAya tathA vaMzAvaLIe. vigatavAra saMdarbha sUci ane zabdasUci apAya temaja jarUrI Alekhe tathA phoTAo vaDe lakhANuM sacitra bane tenI kALajI rAkhI che. A samagra graMthamAlAnI saphaLatAne yaza e saha tajajJa vidvAnonA sakriya sahakArane tathA rAjya sarakAranI Arthika sahAyane ghaTe che.

Page #7
A graMtha gujarAtanA arvAcIna itihAsanA be tabakkAne AvarI le cheH 1. gAMdhIjInA Agamana(I. sa. 1915)thI svAtaMtrya-prApti (1947) ane 6, svAtaMtrya-prAptithI gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA(1960). A ItihAsa evA Adhunika kAlane sparze che, jene aneka vyaktioe sAvaeNta pratyakSa nihALe heya. pahelA tabakkAmAM AjhAdI mATe puruSArtha ane bIjA tabakkAmAM prAdezika rAjyanI sthApanA mATe puruSArtha dhabake che. AjhAdI pahelAMnA tathA AjhAdI pachInA najIkanA tabakkAnA ItihAse vartamAna gujarAtanA ghaDataramAM mahattvane bhAga bhajavyo che. khaMDa 1 : prAstAvikamAM A kAlanA ItihAsane lagatI vividha sAdhana sAmagrIne paricaya ApavAmAM AvyA che, jemAM sarakArI daphatare, vastI-gaNatarInA ahevAle, gejheTiyaro ane vartamAnapatro tathA sAmayike jevA navA prakAranI sAmagrIno samAveza thAya che. khaMDa 2H rAjakIya ItihAsamAM briTiza mulakamAMnI rAjakIya jAgRti, rAjakIya pakSa, racanAtmaka pravRttio temaja agragaNya dezI rAjyone I. sa. 1947 sudhIne paricaya ApI, I. sa. 1947 thI 1960 nA rAjakIya ItihAsanI rUparekhA AlekhavAmAM AvI che. sthAnika prazno aMgenA satyAgrahamAM temaja rASTranA svAtaMtrya mATenA satyAgrahamAM gujarAtanI prajAnuM pradAna gauravAspada che. emAM mahAtmA gAMdhIjI samasta rASTramAM jAgRti lAvI rASTrapitA gaNAyA ane saradAra paTela dezI rAjyanA vilInIkaraNa dvArA rASTriya aikayanA ghaDavaiyA gaNAyA e khAsa noMdhapAtra che. svAtaMtryottara ItihAsamAM gujarAta rAjayanI sthApanA mATenAM paribaLAnI samIkSA mahatvanI che. rAjyataMtra briTiza zAsana nIcenA jillAomAM tathA dezI rAjyamAM 1947 sudhI kevuM hatuM ne 1947 thI 1960 sudhI emAM kevAM parivartana AvyAM te prakaraNa 6mAM nirUpAyuM che. enA pariziSTamAM briTiza rAjyanA, dezI rAjyanA ane prajAsattAka bhAratanA sikkAone saMkSipta paricaya apAya che. - khaMDa 3H sAmAjika sthiti(prakaraNa 7)mAMnA nirUpaNamAM dalita vargonA abhyadaya tathA sAmAjika sudhArAo ane sAmAjika pravRttio noMdhapAtra che. Arthika sthiti(prakaraNa 8)nA nirUpaNamAM khetI, vepAra, baMdaro, vAhanavyavahAra, be ke, vimo ane vividha udyogomAM thayela vikAsanI samIkSA karavAmAM AvI che. enA -

Page #8
pariziSTamAM anya pradezomAM tathA videzomAM vaselA gujarAtIone A paricaya ApavAmAM AvyuM che. . keLavaNIne lagatA prakaraNa 9 mAM prAthamika, mAdhyamika ane ucca zikSaNamAM AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI thayelA vikAsanI samIkSA karAI che. pUrva-prAthamika zikSaNamAM kinDaragArTana tathA monTesarI paddhationI pravRttio neMdhapAtra che. enA pariziSTamAM graMthAlaya-pravRttinA vikAsanI rUparekhA AlekhavAmAM AvI che. sAhityane lagatA prakaraNa 10mAM sAhityamAMnA navA pravAhe tathA navI dRSTio, anya bhASAomAMthI thayelA gujarAtI anuvAda ane gujarAtamAM itara bhASAomAM thayelA sAhitya-sarjananI samIkSA karIne, pariziSTamAM gaNanApAtra sAhityika saMsthAone paricaya ApavAmAM AvyuM che. prakaraNa 11 mAM nirUpita dhArmika sthitimAM vividha dharma saMpradAya uparAMta saMto ane bhaktajano ane dhArmika saMsthAonuM temaja navI dhArmika vicArasaraNIonuM avalokana karAyuM che. kalAone lagatA khaMDa 4 mAM pahelAM (prakaraNa 1ramAM) citrakalA, saMgIta, garabA, rAsa ane nRtyakalA, nATayakalA ane lalita kalAone lagatI saMsthAone ane pachI (prakaraNa 13mAM) sthApatya ane zilpane temaja hunnara kalAo ane lekakalAone paricaya ApavAmAM AvyA che. ahIM graMthanAM mukhya prakaraNa pUrAM thAya che. paraMtu Adhunika kAlane lagatI traNa pravRttionI samIkSA Avazyaka heI, patrakAratva, purAtattva ane myujhiyama vize khAsa pariziSTa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. graMtha 2 thI 6 mAM te te graMthanA aMte vaMzAvaLIo ApavAmAM AvelI. graMtha 7 ane 8ne lagatI vaMzAvaLIone graMtha mAM AvarI levAnuM yojAyeluM. e anusAra marAThA kAlanA AraMbhathI mAMDIne dezI rAjyonA vilInIkaraNa sudhInI mahattvanI rAjavaMzAvaLIo A graMthamAM graMtha 6 nA anusaMdhAnamAM saLaMga ApavAmAM AvI che. . e pachI saMdarbha sUci sAmAnya tathA prakaraNavAra agAunA graMthonI jema ApelI che ne aMte vizeSa nAmonI zabdasUci akArAdi krame ApavAmAM AvI che. - graMthanA aMte ApavAmAM Avela Alekhe tathA pheTA sikkAo, smArake, zilpakRtio, citra, lalita kalAo, hunnara kalAo tathA nAmAMkita vyaktione - sacitra sAkSAtkAra karavAmAM upayogI nIvaDaze.

Page #9
ItihAsa, arvAcIna vibhAvanA anusAra rAjakIya ghaTanAomAM sImita na rahetAM prajAnA sAMskRtika jIvananAM vividha pAsAne AvarI le che. vaLI itihAsanA lekhanamAM upayogI nIvaDe tevI vadhu ne vadhu sAmagrI haMmezAM prakAzamAM AvatI rahe che. AthI gujarAtanuM rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa adyatana sAdhanasAmagrInA AdhAre saMkalita rIte navesara lakhAya tenI lAMbA samayathI jarUra rahI hatI. gujarAta rAjya sarakAre 7pa TakAnA anudAnanI Arthika sahAya dvArA A pravRtti mATe mArga mokaLo karI Ape ne gujarAtanA itihAsanA anveSaNa, saMzodhana ane nirUpaNamAM sakriya rasa letA anekAneka vidvAnenA sakriya sahakAre A yojanAne sAkAra svarUpa apAvyuM. gujarAtanA sarvAga, saMkalita ane adyatana itihAsanA lekhana tathA prakAzananI amArI A pravRttine gujarAtanA itihAsarasika vyaktio tathA saMsthAoe sAruM protsAhana ApyuM che ne A graMthamAlAnA graMtha gujarAtanA ItihAsanA aneka jijJAsuo tathA abhyAsIone upayogI nIvaDyA che. A graMthamAlAmAM lekhake pAsethI pahelethI pUrva prApta ane prakAzita mAhitInI apekSA rAkhavAmAM AvelI che. pitAne soMpela lakhANa mATe navesara anaveSaNa karavAnI apekSA rAkhI nathI. AthI Adhunika ItihAsamAM evuM ghaNuM che ke jemAM hajI ghaNuM anveSaNa, saMkalana ane saMzodhana karavuM bAkI che. bIju, amAre sUcita prajanAnI niyata pRSThasaMkhyA anusAra te te prakaraNanI pRSThasaMkhyA aMdAjavI paDI che. tethI ghaNAM lakhAmAM, vipula mAhitI upalabdha hovA chatAM ghaNuM saMkSipta ApavuM paDayuM che. vaLI rAjakIya vicArasaraNIo tathA dhArmika-sAMpradAyika mAnyatAo jevI bAbatamAM lekhake e prAyaH prakAzita mAhitI para ane kayAreka tajajJo pAsethI patravyavahAra dvArA maLelI mAhitI para AdhAra rAkhavo paDyo che. keTalAka viSayamAM tauyAra mAhitI upalabdha na hoI aneka sAdhanemAMthI lekhakone mAhitI ekatra karavI paDI che, je saMkalita rUpe ahIM prathamavAra rajU thAya che. AmAM lekhake bane teTalA taTastha ane vastulakSI rahevA tathA keI pakSa ke saMpradAyanI lAgaNI na dubhAya tenI kALajI rAkhavA prayatnazIla rahyA che. hakIktanI rajUAtamAM kaI vigata-deSa AvI gayA hoya ne te tarapha taja dhyAna kheMcaze te te bhaviSyamAM tapAsa karIne sudhArI levAmAM Avaze, paraMtu koI lekhake e samAja, dharmasaMpradAya, sAhitya ke kalA jevA keI viSayamAM amArI jANa mujaba kaI rAgadveSathI derAI lakhyuM nathI tenI khAtarI ApIe chIe. arthaghaTananI ke mUlyAMkananI bAbatamAM matabheda hoI zake, paNa te aparihArya gaNAya.

Page #10
chatAM ItihAsa evo viSaya che ke jemAM hamezA navI navI sAmagrI maLatI rahe te upalabdha mAhitInI rajUAtamAM haMmezA sudhArAvadhArA thayA kare eTaluM ja nahi, aTakaLe ane arthadhaTanamAM vaividhya rahyA kare. AthI A graMthamAM rajU thayelAM sarva vidhAnane haMmeza mATe sunizcita ta tarIke apanAvI na letAM navAnavA saMzodhananA pariprekSyamAM emAM jarUrI sudhArAvadhArA karatA rahevAnI daSTi rAkhavI hitAvaha gaNAya. alabatta, A graMthamAM bane tyAM sudhI sarva agatyanAM vidhAnane saMdarbhothI pramANita karavAnI ane arthaghaTanamAM bane teTalA vastulakSI rahevAnI kALajI rAkhavAmAM AvI che. ItihAsanA graMthonuM, jJAnakezanA graMthonI jema, ceDA thaDA gALe, saMrakaraNa karatA rahevAnI jarUra rahevAnI ja. A graMthamAlA gujarAtImAM lakhAI heI gujarAtI bhASA jANanAra vargone ghaNI upayogI nIvaDI che. paraMtu gujarAtI na jANanAra ItihAsausikA maTe enuM hiMdI ane / athavA aMgrejI rUpAMtara prakAzita thAya e ati Avazyaka che. gujarAta rAjyanA jillA sarva saMgraha (gejheTiyara) pahelAM aMgrejImAM lakhAyA ne have navesara gujarAtImAM paNa lakhAya che, tema A graMthamAlA pahelAM gujarAtImAM lakhAI te have aMgrejImAM lakhAya e ISTa che. nava graMthonA saMskArita rUpAMtara mATe tAtkAlika Arthika anudAnane prabaMdha na thaI zake tema hoya, te prAcIna, madhyakAlIna ane arvAcIna kAlane lagatA traNa graMtha saMkSipta svarUpe aMgrejImAM ane athavA hiMdImAM prakAzita thAya te paNa A graMthamAlAmAM rajU thayela mAhitIne sAra bina-gujarAtI samAjanA itihAsarasike tathA ItihAsa-abhyAsIone sulabha thAya. rAjya sarakAra amArA A sUcanane svIkArI anudAnapAtra gaNavAnuM mAnyA karaze evI AzA rAkhIe. A graMthanA lekhana tathA prakAzananA kharca mATe amane rAjya sarakAra taraphathI 75 TakA anudAnanI Arthika sahAya maLI che tene mATe ame sarakArane ghaNe upakAra mAnIe chIe. rAjya sarakAra vatI agAu sAmAnya vahIvaTa khAtAnA bhASAniyAmaka vibhAga taraphathI sakriya mArgadarzana maLatuM hatuM tema have zikSaNa khAtAnI sAhitya akAdamI taraphathI maLatuM rahyuM te mATe ame akAdamInA atyaMta AbhArI chIe. itihAsanA aneka abhyAsIoe amane A graMthanAM prakaraNe tathA pariziSTonuM pradAna karyuM che te mATe ame te sahune paNa AbhAra mAnIe chIe.

Page #11
A graMthanA praphavAcana vageremAM amane amArA sahakAryakara adhyA. ke. kA. zAstrIne tathA adhyA, rAmabhAI sAvaliyAne sakriya sahakAra sAMpaDyo che. adhyA. sAvaliyAe vaMzAvaLIo, saMdarbha sUci, zabdasUci ane citro tathA bleka tauyAra karavA-karAvavAmAM amane ghaNuM sahAya karI che. * citra mATenA phoTAo athavA bloka ApavA mATe temaja enA prakAzananI anujJA ApavA mATe ame te te saMsthA tathA vyaktinA saujanyanI kRtajJatApUrvaka noMdha laIe chIe. nakazAo tapAsI enA prakAzananI maMjurI ApavA mATe sarveyara janarala oNpha InDiyAne paNa AbhAra mAnIe chIe. aneka tajajJa vidvAne vaDe taiyAra karAyele gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatA A graMtha 8 : "AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (I.sa 1915 thI 1960)" A graMthamAlAnA agAunA graMthanI jema gujarAtanA ItihAsanA rasikene tathA abhyAsIene upayogI nIvaDaze ne rAjya sarakAranA mAtabara anudAnane lIdhe ghaNI ochI kiMmate maLI zakatA A daLadAra sacitra pramANita graMthanI prate kharIdIne gujarAtanA itihAsamAM rasa dharAvatI sarva saMsthAo tathA vyaktio A samagra graMthamAlAne sakriya Arthika protsAhana Apaze evI AzA rAkhIe chIe. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, Azrama mArga, amadAvAda-380008 tA. 7-3-1987 hariprasAda saM. zAstro pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha saMpAdake

Page #12
anukramaNI prastAvanA anukramaNI citronI sUci gANasvIkAra saMkSepa sUci mahattvanI zuddhio khaDa 1 prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 : sAdhana-sAmagrI 1. sarakArI daphatare ane patravyavahAra 2. vastIgaNatarInA ahevAla 3. gejheTiyara le. rAmabhAI ThAkarazIbhAI sAvaliyA, ema. e, adhyApaka, bhe. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 4. samakAlIna itihAsa-graMtha . hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, ema.e., pIeca.DI. | nivRtta adhyakSa, bhe. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 5. vartamAnapatre ane sAmayike le. praphulala mahetA, ema. e., pIeca.DI. vyAkhyAtA, gujarAtI vibhAga, ha.kA. ArTUsa keleja, amadAvAda 6. ItihAsepagI lalita sAhitya le. gIla jayacaMdabhAI sAMDesarA, ema.e., pIeca. DI. nivRtta niyAmaka. prAcyavidyAmaMdira, vaDodarA

Page #13
khaMDa 2 rAjakIya ItihAsa prakaraNa 2: rAjakIya jAgRti: briTiza mulamAM | (I. sa. 1915 thI 1931) le. ramezakAMta ge. parIkha, ema.e, pIeca. DI. itihAsa vibhAganA vaDA, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa 16 prakaraNa 3: rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM | (I.sa. 1932 thI 1947) . le. zivaprasAda rAjagora, ema.e, ema.eDa, pIeca. DI., DI.I. esa. (liDjha) nivRtta mukhya saMpAdaka, jillA sarvasaMgraha, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda pariziSTa 1: navA rAjakIya pakSa le. zivaprasAda rAjagara, ema.e., ema.eDa, pIeca DI., DI. I. esa. (lijha) pariziSTa 2: racanAtmaka pravRttio le. zivaprasAda rAjagara, ema.e., ema.eDa., pIecaDI., DI. I. esa. (lijha) prakaraNa 4: dezI rAjyo (1914 thI 1947) - 13 le. zivaprasAda rAjage, ema.e., ema.eDa., pI.e. DI. DI. I. esa. (lijha). prakaraNa 5: rAjakIya itihAsa (1947 thI 1960 143 le, viSNubhAI paMDayA, ema. e. sahAyaka taMtrI, lekasattA, amadAvAda prakaraNa 6: rAjyataMtra (a) briTiza zAsana nIcenA jillAomAM (1914 thI 1947) 168 le. yatIta Izakara dIkSita, ema.e., pIeca. DI. itihAsa vibhAganA vaDA, hakA. ArTasa koleja, amadAvAda

Page #14
176 180 , (A) dezI rAjyomAM (1914 thI 1947) (I) rASTranA saMyukta rAjyamAM (1947thI1956) le. mugaTalAla popaTalAla bAvIsIema.e, pIeca. DI. vyAkhyAtA, itihAsa vibhAga, ema.TI.bI. ArTsa koleja, surata (I) bahamuMbaI rAjyamAM (1947 thI 1960) le. yatI' IdrazaMkara dIkSita, ema.e., pIeca. DI. pariziSTa : sikkA le. bhAskararAya la. mAMkaDa, bI. e., elaela. bI, DiplomA ina yujhiyolejI, nivRtta niyAmaka, myujhiyamsa, gujarAta rAjya 183 15 khaMDa 3 202 241. sAMskRtika ItihAsa prakaraNa 7 sAmAjika sthiti le. tArAbahena paTela, ema. e. pIeca. DI. nivRtta vaDA, samAjazAstra vibhAga, samAja vidyAbhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda puravaNuM le. hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrA, ema. e. pIeca. DI. prakaraNa 8H Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 246 le. zivaprasAda rAjagora, ema.e., ema. eDa, pIeca. DI, DI.I.esa. (li) pariziSTa 298 bhAratamAM anya pradezamAM tathA videzomAM gujarAtIo le. vinodacaMdra zAha pramukha, vizvagurjarI, amadAvAda prakaraNa 9H keLavaNI : le. mRdulAbahena hariprasAda mahetA, ema. e., pIeca. DI. nivRtta adhyApaka, bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAga, mAtu zrI vIrabAI mahilA kaoNleja, rAjakeTa 304

Page #15
328 332 363 356 pariziSTa H gujarAtamAM graMthAlaya-pravRttinA vikAsa 328 le. caMpakalAla zukala, ema. e. pIeca. DI. nivRtta graMthAlayI, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDodarA prakaraNa 10H sAhitya 1, gujarAtI sAhityamAM navA pravAha tema dRSTio le. anaMtarAya rAvaLa, ema. e. nivRtta bhASA-niyAmaka, gujarAta rAjya, gAMdhInagara nivRtta adhyakSa, bhASA sAhitya bhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda puravaNI 353 le. hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, ema. e., pIeca. DI. 2. gujarAtI anuvAda sAhitya le. rAmabhAI ThAkarazIbhAI sAvaliyA, ema. e. 3. itara bhASAomAM thayeluM sAhitya-sarjana le. kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI, vidyAvAcaspati, mahAmahopAdhyAya mAnArha adhyApaka, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda pariziSTa : sAhityika saMsthAe le. praphula mahetA, ema. e. pIeca. DI, prakaraNa 11H dhArmika sthiti hiMdudharma 1. sAmAnya samIkSA 368 le. navInacaMdra AcArya, ema. e., pIeca. DI. | nivRtta adhyApaka, bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAga, ha, kA. A keleja, amadAvAda (2) vastI (4) saMto ane bhaktajane (3) saMpradAya (5) dhArmika saMsthAo 2. jaina dharma 3. IslAma 4. pArasI dharma 5. zIkha dharma ka, bauddha dharma 7. yuhUdI dharma 8. bahAI dharma le. bhAratI kI. zelata, ema. e., pIeca. DI. rIDara, bhe. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda

Page #16
8. prastI dharma 38 le. thomasa berAma paramAra, ema. e. adhyApaka, bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAga, ha. kA. A keleja, amadAvAda 10. navI vicArasaraNIo ane teone prabhAva 401 le. cInubhAI jaganAtha nAyaka, ema. e.pIeca. DI. AcArya, ha. kA. ArTasa koleja, amadAvAda khaMDa 4 413 kalAo prakaraNa 12H lalita kalAo 1. citrakalA le. vAsudeva samAd, jI. DI. e. nivRtta rIDara, citrakalA vibhAga, mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI 2. saMgItakalA le. amubhAI dozI, "saMgIta-pravINa AcArya, myujhika keleja, rAja keTa 410 4 446 3. garabA, rAsa ane nRtyakalA 423 le. subhASa vADIlAla brahmabhaTTa, ema. e. adhyApaka, bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAga, ha. kA. ArTUsa keleja, amadAvAda 4, nATayakalA : vyavasAyI ane avetana cInubhAI jaganAtha nAyaka ema. e., pIeca. DI. pariziSTaH lalitakalAone lagatI saMsthAo le. subhASa vADIlAla brahabhara. ema. e. prakaraNa 13H sthApatya, zi95, hunnarakalAo ane lokakalAo 1. sthApatya ane zilpa le. pravINacaMdra cimanalAla parIkha, ema. e.; pIeca. DI. adhyakSa, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 2. hunnarakalAo ane kalAo le. rAmabhAI ThAkarazIbhAI sAvahiyA, ema. e. 453

Page #17
16 pariziSTa pariziSTa 1: patrakAratva le. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, ema. e., pI.eca. DI. nivRtta rIDara, gujarAtI vibhAga, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa pariziSTa 2H purAtattvIya pravRttionA vikAsa le. cheTubhAI ma. atri, ema. e. nivRtta purAtattva niyAmaka, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda pariziSTa 3H myujhiyama-kSege vikAsa le, naMdana hariprasAda zAstrI, ema.esa. sI., po. jI, DiplAmA Ina myujhiyAlAjI, kayureTara, yunivarsiTI myujhiyama, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, vallabhavidyAnagara vazAvaLIo saMdarbha sUci zabdasUci citronI sUci 1. 1947 pahelAMnuM gujarAta (rAjakIya) (mukhapRSTha sAme) 2. gujarAta, 1947 ane 1956 vaccenA sakrAMtikAla gujarAta rAjya, 1960 (rAjakIya) 3. 4. gujarAta (sAMskRtika sthaLA) 5. svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanAM sthaLA 486 pUThA upara 1. 'jayahinda' lakhelA kaccha-bhUja rAjyanA pAMcakArInA sikko : agrabhAga 2. bhArata sarakArane siMhazikharavALA sikko : agrabhAga nakazA Alekha : 1 pArasI agiyArInuM. talamAna 2 dukhamAnuM talamAna 495 405 515 para9

Page #18
citranA para pada AkRti vigata 0. = 11 da 12 1 3 + 15 6 vAdha-chApa rUpiye, 1947, pRSThabhAga cerasa kAMgarIvALI 4 AnI, 1818 pRSThabhAga jarja panI AkRti dharAvatI 1 AnI, 1937H agrabhAga gAya- chApa aDadhe Ane, 1950, 6 pRSThabhAga ghoDA-chApa 1 pise, 1950, pRSThabhAga 5 naye paise, 1958: pRSThabhAga kANAvALo pise, 1944, 9 pRSThabhAga pAyale, kaccha, vi. 2003 (I.sa. 1947) : pRSThabhAga mahAtmA gAMdhIjI hRdayakuMja, amadAvAda dAMDIkUca saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI 14 nAnajI kALidAsa cInubhAI bereneTa 16 vikrama sArAbhAI gijubhAI badhekA maNilAla nabhubhAI 19 ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha kavi kAnta' 21 kavi "kalApI' kavi nAnAlAla 23 jhaveracaMda meghANuM vidyAbahena nIlakaMTha 25 abbAsa taiyabajI dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara paM. sukhalAlajI 28 muni puNyavijayajI punita mahArAja paM. omakAranAtha 31 ravizaMkara rAvaLa mRNAlinI sArAbhAI (nRtya karatAM) bApulAla nAyaka ane jayazaMkara "suMdarI' 'eka dazyamAM) "menA gujarInuM eka dRzya garabo 36 bhavAI-bhUMgaLa TAuna hola, amadAvAda 17 - 18 24 8 27 2 Ta 11 12 13 14 33. 34 35 37

Page #19
paTTa AkRti 15 38 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 38 40 41 42 43 44 18 vigata saskAra keMdra, amadAvAda gujarAta yunivarsiTI bhavana, amadAvAda kIrti maMdira (navuM), perabaMdara samAdhi madira, gAMdhIdhAma (kaccha) zahIda smAraka, amadAvAda (vineAda kinArIvAlAvALuM) nirvAsitezvara mahAdeva, gAMdhIdhAma (kaccha) sAmanAtha ma`dira chaIdvAra prAraMbhanA prasaMga (jAma sAheba, munazI vagere) 45 46 4. sAmanAtha ma dira (kalAsa-mahAmeru-prAsAda), prabhAsa pATaNa kaMDalA baMdaranA pAyAnA paththara 47 ghaMTAkarNa vIra, mahuDI sayAjIrAva 3 jAnu bAvaluM, vaDAdarA gAMdhIjInu bAvaluM, amadAvAda sinagoga, khamAsA geTa, amadAvAda saiyada maulAI abdullAne kukheA (sAlvA), khaMbhAta 49 50 51 para pArasI agiyArI, khamAsA geTa, amadAvAda 53 gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA(udghATana pravacana karatA ravizaMkara mahArAja) RNasvIkAra (citrAnA phATAgrApha pUrA pADavA mATe) gujarAta phsima, aca. ke. hAusa, amadAvAda : A. 10, 45 zrI balavatabhAI bhaTTa, amadAvAda : A. 11 zrImatI mRNAlinI sArAbhAi, amadAvAda : A. 32 DA. cInubhAi nAyaka, amadAvAda : A. 34, 35, 36 DA. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, surendranagara : A. 43 zrI avinAza maNiyAra, vAdarA A, 48 purAtattvakhAtu, uttara vartuLa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda: A. 53 (citrAnA bleka pUrA pADavA mATe) Do. cItubhAI nAyaka, amadAvAda : A 33 pArasI paMcAyata, khamAsA geTa, amadAvAda : A. para

Page #20
- saMkSepa sUci BASDJS GDG GSG PWG gusaMhisAde agurAsAMI agureda abhAkavi AgusaM Bombay Art Society Diamond Jubilee Souvenii' 'Gujarat District Gazetteer' 'Gujarat Stat: Gazelleer' Pust-War Gujarat' by A. B. Trivedi 'gujarAta ke sato kI hindI sAhitya ko dena' (che. rAmakumAra surata) arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa (le. rAjagora) arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana' (le. hI. tri. pArekha) arvAcIna bhAratIya keLavaNIne vikAsa (le. rAjagara) 'Adhunika gujarAtanA sarato" (kezavalAla Thakkara) Urmi navaracanA" gujarAta ekadarzana' (le. rAjagora) gujarAta eka paricaya (saMpA. rAmalAla parIkha) gujarAtanI keLavaNune ItihAsa (le. rAjagara) "gujarAtI graMthakAra saMmelana vyAkhyAnamAlA gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa carotara sarvasaMgraha (saMpA. puruSottama zAha, caMdrakAMta zAha) "sAhitya ane patrakAratva (saMpA. kumArapALa desAI) U, na. gueda guepa guI gugraMsaMdhyA gusAI casarsa sApa .

Page #21
pRSTha pa kti 3 4 5 7 10 11: 1323 13 14 16 19 28 34 41 45 46 50 }} 67 95 da 31 99 112 122 ~ - ajI ~ 1 29 15 10 11 4 22 17 6,19 28 29 m 73 76 va 29 hi 24 . 17 9. 14 32 19 19 18 19 22 mahattvanI zuddhie azuddha naya. gAMdhInA svAta tryAtara sa sagraha sAmAyika spaSTa tathA sa'skRti saurASTranA jayaMtIlAla sAhityaseApAna AvA chatAM jIvanamAM asahakAra 1932 maMtrA patrA lekAnA sudharAI gAdhIjI satyagrahanAM rahyA. pagAravadhArAnA 'kuvalayAnaMda' samiti emanAthI mazina enA ane dIlakhuza maDhaDA vagere.... (mIrA bahena) dhIrANa zuddha nayagAMdhIne svAta tryAttara sa sa graha sAmayika spaSTatA sasRSTi 'saurASTranA jayaMti dalAla, rasAvaha jIvananAM asvIkAra 1931 matrI patrA leAkAnI dr sudharAI gAMdhIjI satyAgrahanAM rahyo. pagAravadhArA 'kuvalayAnaMda samiti' emAMthI mazIna 39 enI emane dilakhuza gaDhaDA vageree (mIrAMbahena) dhirANa

Page #22
pRSTha pa kti 129 138 143 154 171 177 178 179 181 184 193 200 202 204 206 210 214 ra 18 3 222 223 28 15 4 14 12 OM 11 10 11 16 17 20 16 1. 3 5 25 22 25 9 217 221 227 28 232 27 237 12 240 10 242 28 243 15 295 21 308 14 309 3 azuddha DabakAnA mAthAdIDha tavArikhamAM, dharAvatA asisTanTa majUra bhagatasiMhajIe 1932 nALakhAnuM nyuyata tra 14. 15. 12. 19. 2 gherANe dharavatAM pasIAra dUdhamAM ema pramANa jJAtivyayavasthA atavAsIe Ama pariNItAnI kAramasajI emane inDrasTIala 21 Enter fneneurship adharaNIne svabhAvikra 25. ema vidhAsabhA' zu DabakAnA mAthAdITha tavArIkhamAM, dharAvatA AsisTanTa ! hajUra bhagavatasa hujIe 1923 mALakhAnuM nyAyata tra 15. 14. 19. . 18. 08 dhAraNe dharAvatAM pArasI dUdhamAM e pramANe jJAtivyavasthA aMtevAsIe Azrama pariNItAnI uramasajI emanA inDasTrIala Enterpreneurship agharaNIne svAbhAvika 24. evI vidyAsabhA'

Page #23
22 pRSTha paMkti 311 10 312 26 azuddha mahAvidhAlaya saMdha"...... 1950 mahAvidyAlaya saMgha' ...1939 ane 1950 "AMgaNavADI" ghaNe 1954 saMsthAoe vistAryA 313 315 316 ene 321 3ra4 325 332 333 15 AMgiNavADI dhaNa 1944. saMsthAe vistaryA eNe InDasTrIjha IlekTronikasane phAIna ArTa pratIkAra jhilavAne saMdezonA paLate the -pratIkAraka IdukumAra zrethe nATakanAM thavAne 374 236 inDasTrIjha Ilenisane phAIna ArTasa pratikAra jhIlavAne sadezonA paLatI thaI pratikAraka IMdukumAra' zreyArthe nATakanAM thayAne jevI AkhuM vAkaya bhASAnI saraLatA bhaNa gatinA prastuta muddAne asaMgata evuM anyanuM umeraNa che tethI A vAkaya rada kare. pUre che. AsamAnI-sulatAnI sarasvatI 14 29 339 ane 23 ahIM........ zakIe. 341 34ra 344 19 14 1 AsamAnI-sulatAnI, saratI amare AraMbhAyuM, mAMDatAM 345 13 24 AraMbhAyuM. mAMDI mAM 345 348 1 mAM

Page #24
23 zuddha pRSTha pati 25 15 34 31. azuddha prakAre rASTrane samAnArthe uttama ne siddhione batAvatAM... banate prahAre rASTranA samAnArtha uttamane siddhine batAvatA.te banato ' 350 10 18 351 tenI , jenI 25 dAkhavyAM che. AkarSAI, jayaMti 30 35ra 6, 17 16 18 365 4 dAkhavyAM che AkarSAI. jayaMtI hAtha sAhitya kAra enekavidha buniyAdI sAhityaprakAra anekavidha buniyAdI of the of 18 18 368 zithila 26 373 384 rara 24 385 23 396 388 zithIla jAhara peTalAdanA sAmAjanA saMcalana Arya samAjane bAddhadhama zirIna umAra, tones), sosAyaTI kalAkArAna -paraMpara nA 413 19 20 johara maheLAva(tA. peTalAda)nA samAjanA saMmelana Arya samAjanI bauddhadharma zIrIna ubhAra, (tones), sAyaTI kalAkAronA -paraMparAnA e TUMkI vartaLAkAramAM jaha . DosAnA, "takhata mAnasiMha abhayasiMha, kImI 414 18 che che che 425 427 431 432 11 30. 12 vartuLAkAramAM jahA DosAnA,' takhate mAnasiMha, kAmI 433

Page #25
24 17 28 pRSTha paMkti azuddha bhaktarAja, aMbarISa, bhaktarAja aMbarISa. pAmyA, pAmyA. 18 kAmalattA' kAmalatA guNabaMkAvalI, gulabaMkAvalI, 434 2 jamAne cAlu jamAne, cIDamAM karaNa....kAmalattA, cIDane karaNa, *..kamalatA, vIra maNuM viramaNi, AMkhe, AMkhe ityAdi 435 rA mAMDalika rA' mAMDalika, 13 megha-madhurI, megha-mayurI, 436 rojamadArInA rejidArInA 438 lehacAhanAnI lekacAhanAnI 441 vanalanA vanalatA 448 10 AkAzavANAe AkAzavANIe 25 kalAne kalAnA 449 13 varSa 451 bereneTa (bIjA), beroneTa, maheta mahetA 457 zarmA zarmA vaDe caMdraprabhusvAmInuM caMdraprabhasvAmInuM 461 kolasAne retiyA kelasA ne retiyA 478 sAmAyika sAmayike parAkAratvakSetre patrakAratvakSetre sAmajika sAmAjika 480 vRttapatrA vRttapatro 488 24 carcita - carcita 491 14 dikta keMdrIta 19 IjaneronI IjaneronI 535 20 kAMtilAla maDiyA kAMtilAla maDiyA pa39 4 dhiyA, dhiyA, noMdha : Alekha 2 mAM umero : 1 pagathiyAM 2. aMdara nA raste; 3-5. pAvIe; 6. bhaMDANa; 7. nIke; 8. kelasA-retiyA paththaranAM paDa, 9. nAnA kuvA. * varga 9 8

Page #26
khaMDa 1 prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 sAdhana-sAmagrI 1. sarakArI daphatare ane patravyavahAra A kAlakhaMDane gujarAta pradezane ItihAsa tAravavA mATenI sAmagrI vipula pramANamAM upalabdha thAya che. AmAM sarakArI daphataro ane patravyavahAra pramANabhUta temaja vipula mAhitI ApanAnuM sAdhana hovAthI enuM vizeSa mahattva che. AvAM daphatare ane patravyavahAre sarakArI daphatara-bhaMDAremAM surakSita che.' daphataramAM mukhyatve briTiza rAjya daramyAna jAgIra ane vADIvajIphA apAyelAM teonAM sanadI pharamAna, rAjyanA hisAba sarakAra sAthe patravyavahAra, mulkagIrInA kAgaLa, briTiza sarakAra ane bIjAM rajavADAMo sAthenA gAyakavADanA kela-karAra, vaMzaparaMparAgata sAmAjika ane Arthika adhikAre, TaMkazALa, nyAya, rajavADAonI vaheMcaNI, satyAgraho, nagarapAlikA ane devasthAne tathA tIrthasthAnanA vahIvaTa, baMdara, mahesUlI vasUlAta, kaLavaNIviSayaka saMsthAo, vepAra-udyoga ane ene lagatA kAyadA vagere bAbato vizenI vipula mAhitI prApta thAya che. e uparAMta sarakArI khAtAnA patravyavahAra ane amaladAronA ahevAla aitihAsika daSTie ghaNA upayogI nIvaDe che. AmAM briTiza sarakAra sAme cAlelA AMdolana daramyAna bahAra pADavAmAM AvelA hukamone lagatAM daphatara bhAre mahattva dharAve che. judI judI adAlatamAM cAlelA kesa ane nyAyAdhIzoe ApelA cukAdAonI vigatomAMthI Arthika temaja sAmAjika ane keTalIka sAMskRtika bAbatone khyAla maLe che. penzana ane varSAsana vagerenI mAgaNI, jamInadAronA hakaka, maMdiranA mahaMto vageree karela "dayA'nI arajIo ityAdine lagatI phAIla parathI paNa lekajIvananAM keTalAMka pAsAo vize jANakArI prApta thAya che.

Page #27
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI A mAhitInuM vargIkaraNa karI ene tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karavAthI briTiza hakumata heThaLanA vistAro temaja rajavADAMomAMnI vahIvaTI tathA Arthika paristhitinuM citra maLe che. vaLI patravyavahAra ane daphataramAMthI gujarAtamAM cAlelI AjhAdInI caLavaLane pramANabhUta ItihAsa maLe che tema e aMgenA aneka khUTatA aMkeDA paNa prApta thaI zake che. AjhAdI bAda keMdra sarakAranA vahIvaTane lagatAM daphataro temaja saurASTranA ekama-rAjaya daramyAna thayela che te pradezanA vahIvaTane lagatA sudhArA tathA sarvAgI vikAsa mATe hAtha dharavAmAM Avela yojanAone paricaya paNa ene lagatAM daphataromAMthI maLI Ave che. evI rIte dvibhASI muMbaI rAjyanA daphatara taLagujarAtamAM thayela vikAsa ane gujarAtanuM alaga rAjya sthApavA mATe cAlelI caLavaLa vagere vize pramANabhUta mAhitI pUrI pADe che. 2. vastI gaNatarInA ahevAla briTiza kAla daramyAna Avela jAgRti, rASTriya caLavaLe tathA enA pariNAme anekavidha kSetre Avela pheraphAranI keTalIka asare vastI-gaNatarInA ahevAla parathI tAravI zakAya che. khAsa karIne judAM judAM kSetramAM vikAsa thaye che ke hAsa thaye che enI tulanAtmaka samIkSA karavA mATe A patrakonA AMkaDA khUba upayogI nIvaDe che. AmAM 1921, 1931 ane 1941 nA bAmbe presiDensInA ahevAla ane vaDodarA rAjyanA e ja varSonA ahevAla temaja 1951 ne muMbaI rAjayane ahevAla tathA 1961 ne gujarAta rAjyane ahevAla paNa eTalA ja upayogI che. A patrakomAMthI prajAjIvanane lagatI vividha cokkasa ane pramANabhUta mAhitI, jevI ke khetI-siMcAI, sahakArI maMDaLIo, majUro ane majUrInA dara, udyoga-dhaMdhApAra, grAmajIvana ane nagarajIvana, zaherIkaraNa vAhana-vyavahAra, jAhera Arogya, komo ane jJAti, dharmo-saMpradAye utsavo vrata, lagna, zreyaHsAdhaka adhikArI varga, zikSaNa, sthAnika svarAjanI saMsthAo, zarAphI, saMyuktavibhakta kuTuMbanI paddhati, jamIna mahesUla vagere prApta thatAM hovAthI vastI gaNatarInAM patrakane ItihAsanA sAdhana tarIke khUba ja agatyanAM gaNAvI zakAya. 3. gejheTiyara AjhAdI pUrve briTiza sarakAre jUnA muMbaI ilAkAnAM temaja tyAra pachI muMbaI rAjya ane 1960mAM sthapAyelA gujarAta rAjya jillA-sarvasaMgraha bahAra pADyA. AmAM je te jillAne saMkSipta itihAsa apAve che. e

Page #28
sAdhana sAmagrI uparAMta anya vipala vigato vividha zIrSa ke nIce ApelI che te paNa A kAlakhaMDane itihAsa tAravavAmAM upayogI che. pratyeka gejheTiyaramAM sahu prathama e pradezanuM varNana, emAM enuM sthAna, sthAnika ItihAsa, nadIo ane taLAvo, kudaratI vAyu, pazu-pakSI vizenI vigata, Agha-itihAsa, prAcIna ane arvAcIna ItihAsa, te te pradezanI vastI, jJAtio ane kema, emanAM dharmo bhASA utsavo vrato vagereno nirdeza vibhAgavAra karavAmAM Avyo che. e pachI Arthika bAbatomAM khetI ane siMcAI, udyogo mahesUla vepAra utpAdana vagereno samAveza thayo che. vahIvaTI mALakhAmAM peTA-vibhAga, nyAya, vahIvaTI saMsthAo, myunisipAliTIo ane nagarapAlikAo, zikSaNa ane saMskRtine lagatI saMsthAo, Arogya, bIjI sAmAnya sevAonI saMsthAo ane jovAlAyaka sthaLanI bahu ja jhINavaTabharI vigate ApelI che. 4. samakAlIna itihAsagraMtha - briTiza kAla daramyAna gujarAtanA itihAsamAM prAcIna ane madhya kAlanA itihAsanuM jeTaluM anveSaNa tema nirUpaNa thayuM tenI sarakhAmaNIe arvAcIna kAlanA ItihAsanuM ghaNuM ochuM thayuM che, chatAM agAunA kAlakhaMDanI jema A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna paNa keTalAka moTA nAnA itihAsa-graMtha lakhAyA, je e kAlanA ItihAsanAM samakAlIna sAdhana tarIke upayogI nIvaDe che. prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zALAo mATe sAmAnya (vyApaka) itihAsa lakhAtA rahyA; jemake "gujarAtano ItihAsa (sAdI ramUjI vArtAo), le. cimanalAla ca. AcArya (1931) ane vaDodarA rAjyane ItihAsa' (19ra 6), le. cunIlAla ma. desAI, paraMtu samakAlIna itihAsanA strota tarIke upayogI nIvaDe tevuM arvAcIna kAlane lagatuM lakhANa emAM atyalpa rahetuM. vastutaH samagra gujarAtanA arvAcIna itihAsane lagatA koI graMtha A kAlakhaMDamAM bhAgyeja lakhAye. apavAdarUpe zrI hIrAlAla pArekhanA "arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzanane khaMDa 3 (1908 thI 1935) e A prakAranuM ekamAtra upayogI graMtha che. emAM rAjakIya ItihAsanuM nirUpaNa nahivata thayeluM che, paraMtu e kAlanA sAMskRtika itihAsanAM vividha pAsAMo(khAsa karIne sAhitya keLavaNI samAja)nuM vizada rekhAdarzana karAvyuM che. 1976 mAM prakAzita thayela enA saMskaraNamAM De. madhusUdana hI. pArekhe emAM sudhArA-vadhArA ane saMkSepa karI mULa pustakamAM rajU thayelI vyaktio tathA saMsthAonI vikAsarekhA adyatana banAvI che. pradeza khaMDonA ItihAsamAM zrI. jayarAmadAsa je. naya gAMdhIne "kacchane bahadda itihAsa' (1926) ane zrI goradhanadAsa nA. mahetAnuM "saurASTra ItihAsa-darzana

Page #29
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (1937) noMdhapAtra che. zrI pApaTalAla la. cUDagaranA kAThiyAvADanA rAjadvArI itihAsa' (1922) tatkAlIna rAjakAraNane lagatA che. 4 rAjavaMzanA itihAsamAM rAjana nathurAma zukalane zrIjhAlAva`zavAridhi' (1917), zrI bhAIzaMkara vidyArAmane sAlakI vaMzanI gAdharA zAkhAnA itihAsa' (1918), zrI jagajIvana kA. pAThakanI 'makaradhvajavaMzI mahIpamAlA' (1922), zrI jIvarAma kA. zAstrInA gAMDaLane itihAsa' (1927) ane mAvadAnajI bhI. kavinA 'zrIyaduvaMza-prakAza ane jAmanagaranA itihAsa' (1934) jevA graMtha te te rAjakulanA tathA rAjyanA itihAsa para prakAza pADe che. vaDAdarA rAjye zrI. gAviMdabhAI hA. desAI pAse gAyakavADanA cAreya prAMtA(vaDodarA kaDI navasArI ane amarelI)nA saMsagraha taiyAra karAvI prakAzita karyAM (1920-21) temAM ItihAsanAM prakaraNa e rAjyanA tatkAlapaMta ItihAsa mATe upayegI nIvaDe che. 1: sthaLAnA sthAnika itihAsamAM zrI. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAve lakhelu 'gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda' (1929) sahuthI mahattvanuM che. e lekhakanA khaMbhAtanA itihAsa' (1935) tathA zrI sArAbajI ma. desAInI 'tavArikhe navasArI'nI sudhArelI--vadhArelI AvRtti (1939) paNa keTaleka aMze upayogI che. gAMdhIjInuM 'satyanA prayoge athavA AtmakathA' (1925) AtmakathAtmaka hAvA chatAM gujarAtanA A kAlanA itihAsanA samakAlIna srota banI rahe che. evI rIte hiMdI rASTriya mahAsabha (kaeNAMgresa)nA itihAsanA graMthanA amuka aMza paNa A kAlanA itihAsanA saMdarbha"graMtha banI rahe che. A kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM aneka sthAnika satyAgraha-saMgrAma khelAyA te paikI kheDAnI laData (le. zaMkaralAla ThA. parIkha, 1927) ane bAraDolI satyAgrahane itihAsa' (le. mahAdevabhAI desAI, 1930) A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna lakhAyA. e agAu upara jaNAvelA graMthAmAMthI, khAsa karIne tenA aMtima khaDAmAMthI, te te varSI sudhInA arvAcIna gujarAtanA itihAsanI keTalIka sAmagrI sAMpaDe che, paraMtu gujarAtanA briTizakAlanA ItihAsanuM saLaMga ane sarvAMgINa nirUpaNa kare tevuM kAI samakAlIna pustaka e daramyAna ke e pachI bhAgyeja lakhAyuM che. svAtaMtryAtara kAlanA AraMbhika khaMDa (1947 thI 1960) daramyAna gujarAtanA prastuta kAlanA ItihAsa mATe upayogI nIvaDe tevAM keTalAMka prakAzana thayAM temAM

Page #30
sAdhana-sAmagrI 'amadAvAda saCsaMgraha' (le. kapilarAya mahetA, 1948), 'carotara sa`sagraha', bhAga 1-2 (1954), 'saurASTranA itihAsa', (le. zaMbhuprasAda ha. desAI, 1957), 'sUrata-sAnAnI mUrata' (le. IzvaralAla ha. desAI, 1958), 'kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana (le. rAmisaMhajI kA. rATheADa, 1959) khAsa nAMdhapAtra che. gAMdhIjInI AtmakathAnI jema zrI iMdulAla yAjJikanI AtmakathA bhAga 1-3 (1955-56) tathA 'mahAdevabhAInI DAyarI,' bhA. 1-18 (1948-81) paNa saMdarbha graMtha tarIke upayeAgI nIvaDe ema che. 5 1960 mAM gujarAta rAjya sthapAyuM tyArathI gujarAtanA arvAcIna itihAsanA kSetre gaNanApAtra pragati sadhAI. enAM pagaraNa thayAM sthApanA-dine prakAzita thayela 'gujarAtadarzana'(saMbhogIlAla gAMdhI)thI. emAM arvAcIna rAjakIya itihAsa nahivat apAyA che, paraMtu arvAcIna sAMskRtika itihAsanAM vividha pAsAMonI rUparekhA AlekhAI che. 1961 mAM bhAratIya rASTriya kAMgresanuM 66 muM adhivezana bhAvanagaramAM bharAyuM te prasa Mge enI svAgata samiti taraphathI je smRtigraMtha prakAzita karavAmAM AvyA temAM gujarAtane arvAcIna itihAsa atisaMkSepamAM apAyA che, paraMtu emAM 'jAhera jIvana'nA khaMDamAMnAM aneka prakaraNa arvAcIna rAjakIya ghaTanA para ghaNA prakAza pADe che. 'gujarAta : eka paricaya' nAme A graMthanA soMpAdaka zrI rAmalAla parIkhe gujarAtanAM aneka sAMskRtika pAsAM vize tajJa lekhAnA lekha prApta ane saMkalita karI gujarAtanA vividha jIvananuM surekha darzana karAvyuM che. A daLadAra smRtigraMtha saMdarbhagraMtha tarIke ghaNA upakAraka nIvaDayo che. kAkAsAheba kAlelakare 'gujarAtamAM gAMdhIyuga'(1968)mAM gAMdhIyuganA zaikSaNika sAmAjika ane sAhityika pravAhanuM aitihAsika avalAyana kyuM che. arvAcIna gujarAtanA itihAsanuM eka vyavasthita pustaka 1974 mAM prakAzita thayuM, e che zrI zivaprasAda rAjagore lakhelA 'arvAcIna gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa'. emAM A graMthanA kAlakhAMDane lagatA itihAsa enAM chellAM prakaraNAmAM AlekhAya che ne emAM rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsanuM surekha soMkalana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A prakAzane e viSayanA pustakanI lAMbA vakhatanI kheATa ghaNe aMze nivAro che. daramyAna gujarAta rAjya sarakAranA mAhitI khAtA taraphathI khArasada lIbaDI bAraDAlI rAjakATa dhrAMgadhrA mAsA dheAlerA vagerenA sthAnika satyAgrahe| vize

Page #31
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI temaja dAMDIkUca ane dhArAsaNAne jaMga temaja jUnAgaDhanI ArajhI hakUmata jevI atihAsika ghaTanAo vize paricaya-pustikAo pragaTa thatI rahI che. vaLI, gujarAtanI yunivarsiTIomAM briTiza kAlanAM dezI rAjyanA tathA svAtaMtryasaMgrAmamAM gujarAte, gujarAtanA amuka vibhAge ke gujarAtanA amuka sthaLe karelA pradAnanA ItihAsa vize paNa saMzodhana thatuM rahyuM che. gujarAtanA krAMtivIronI pravRttio, dezI rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa tathA mahAgujarAtanI laData temaja sthAnika dekhAvamAM bhoga banela vyaktionI jAnahAni jevI anya etihAsika ghaTanAo vize hajI abhyAsa pUrNa vigatavAra pustakanI kheTa sAle che. gujarAtanAM DisTrikaTa gejheTiyaramAM ItihAsanA prakaraNamAM te te jillAnA arvAcIna itihAsanI mukhya mAhitI maLI rahe che, paraMtu gejheTiyarane sAmAnya graMtha prakAzita thaze tyAre emAM gujarAtanA arvAcIna ItihAsanI mukhya saMkalita mAhitI upalabdha thaze. 5. vartamAnapatro ane sAmayike bhAratamAM ane gujarAtamAM vartamAnapatro sAmayika ane chApakhAnAM aMgrejonA Agamana pachI astitvamAM AvyAM che. prAraMbhamAM vartamAnapatro para sarakArane sakhta jApa hato. "muMbaI samAcAra' "jAme jamazeda "rAstostAra buddhiprakAza' DAMDiye "pArasIpaMca" "gapasapa "satyaprakAza" "svadharmavardhaka "kheDAvartamAna "zALApatra' "samazera bahAdura' "vasaMta "priyaMvadA' "caMdrodaya' 'hitecchuM gujarAtI "gujarAtadarpaNa" "strI-bodha' "prajAmitra" "samAlocaka "suMdarI subodha prajAbaMdhu' "gujarAtI paMca" vagere jevAM aneka vRttapatro ane mAsika zarU thayelAM, paraMtu moTA bhAganAM kAlanA pravAhamAM TakI zakyAM nahIM, jenI vigata agAunA graMtha 8 mAM AvI gaI che. gujarAtI vRttapatranA ItihAsamAM traNa yuga athavA tabakkA pADI zakAya ? (1) I. sa. 1822 mAM "zrI mumabaInA samAcAranI sthApanAthI te I. sa. 1880 sudhIne, (2) I. sa. 1880 mAM "gujarAtI' sAptAhika zarU thayuM tyArathI te gAMdhIjIe 1919 mAM 'navajIvana' saMbhALyuM tyAM sudhI, ane (3) I. sa. 1918 thI adyaparyatane.4 prathama yuganAM vRttapatromAM aNaghaDa bhASA, samAcAromAM sAmAjika bAbatone prAdhAnya ane rAjakIya bAbate pratye udAsInatA jovA maLe che. "akhabAre sodAgara' "cAbuka' "mumabaI zamazera" "svataMtratA' ityAdi vRttapatro enAM udAharaNa che.

Page #32
sAdhana-sAmagrI bIja yugamAM 1880 mAM IcchArAma sUryarAma desAIe "gujarAtI sAptAhikane prAraMbha karyo e sAthe gujarAtI patrakAratvamAM eka navA yugane saMcAra thaye. samAja-sudhArA karatAMye rAjakIya praznone vizeSa vAcA ApavAmAM AvI. bhASAnI zuddhi para paNa dhyAna ApavAmAM AvyuM. mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe gujarAtI patrakAratvakSetre praveza karyo ane navajIvananuM sukAna hAthamAM lIdhuM te sAthe prajAjAgRtine juvALa AraMbhAye. vIsamI sadInI zarUAtathI gujarAtI akhabAroe rAjakAraNamAM savizeSa rasa levA mAMDyo, jenA pariNAme prajAmAM rAjakIya jAgRti AvI ane gAMdhIjInA vicArone pracAra vRttapatro dvArA thavA lAgyA. trIjA yugamAM eTale ke I. sa. 1918 thI jIvananA pratyeka kSetre krAMtikArI vicAronI asara prabaLa banI emAM 'yaMga InDiyA" "navajIvana" "harijanabaMdhu' (gujarAtImAM temaja hiMdustAnamAM) "harijana" (aMgrejImAM) saurASTra kaccha-vartamAna phUlachAba kacha-mitra kesarI" "sana" "nava saurASTra "prajAbaMdhu' "gujarAtI paMca gujarAta mitra "gujarAta-darpaNa" "dezImitra "kheDA -vartamAna prajAmata "janmabhUmi vaMdemAtarama' vagere aneka vRttapatroe mahatvano phALo Apyo che. gAMdhIjIe vRttapatranA mAdhyama dvArA prajA-ghaDataranuM kArya karyuM ane samAcArapatrane eka na Adarza leke samakSa mUkI Ape. dezamAM rAjakIya jAgRti lAvavAmAM 'navajIvanane amUlya phALo che. eNe svAdhInatAne avAja rajU karI AjhAdInI ahiMsaka caLavaLane vega ApyuM. saurASTra paNa bIjAM anya kSetronI jema patrakAratvamAM paNa mahatvanuM pradAna karyuM che. dezI rAjyanA vahIvaTamAMthI janmelA praznoe saurASTrane pitAnuM vRttapatra hovAnI lAgaNI janmAvI ane emAMthI saurASTramAM svataMtra patrakAratva uddabhavyuM. sarvazrI zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI, amRtalAla zeTha, jhaveracaMda meghANI, guNavaMtarAya AcArya, kakkalabhAI koThArI, haragoviMda paMDayA, maNizaMkara kIkANI vageree saurASTrane avAja rajU karIne samagra dezanA rASTriya patrakAratvamAM praNetAnuM kArya karyuM che. vijJAnavilAsa gujarAta zALApatra' "jJAnadIpaka "kAThiyAvADa TAImsa "priyaMvadA' "zAradA "kaumudI' "mAnasI" "rohiNI" "saurASTra (pAchaLathI phUlachAba') "jayahiMda' "nava saurASTra vagere vRttapatroe mahatvano phALo Apyo che. - A uparAMta judAM judAM zaheromAMthI avAranavAra nAnAM nAnAM aneka sAmAyika nIkaLelAM emAnAM ghaNAM bahudhA alpajIvI rahyAM. A patromAMthI bahu ochA Aje cAlu che. bhAratamAM jema aneka kAmo jJAtio ane peTAjJAtio che tema enAM kema patro ane jJAtinAM sAmayika che; jemake : lehANA hitecchuM" jainahitecchu"kapoLa" "kSatriyamitra" "AtmAnaMdaprakAza praNAmI dharmapatrikA

Page #33
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI maDhamaheya "IsamAIlI' "muslima gujarAta' "kAThI rAjapUta" "zrImALI hitecchuM" kalama kaDachI baDachI' - vagere. I. sa. 1926 mAM bhAvanagarathI zarU thayela sva. gijubhAI badhekA-saMpAdita "zikSaNapatrikA prAthamika keLavaNInA praznono carcA mATe nedhapAtra gaNAya che. e ja rIte I. sa. 1938 mAM AraMbhAyela 'bhAvanagara samAcArane tathA rAjakoTathI prakAzita "Urmi-navaracanA'ne paNa ullekha karavo joIe. hAlamAM, saurASTramAM caudeka jeTalAM dainika patro pragaTa thAya che, jemAM rAjakeTathI cha, bhAvanagarathI traNa, jUnAgaDhathI traNa, ane jAmanagarathI bene samAveza thAya che. rAjakoTathI phUlachAba" "jayahiMda' "janasattA (rAjakoTa AvRtti) nUtana saurASTra "lekamAnya" ane "akilA;' bhAvanagarathI "saurASTra samAcAra" lekarAja' ane "pagadaMDI (zarUAtamAM sAptAhika); jUnAgaDhathI "saurASTrabhUmi kesarI' ane 'lekadUta' ane jAmanagarathI "bhUmi' ane "ba" pragaTa thAya che." A uparAMta "jana saurASTra" "samIsAMja' "utkarSa Dhelaka "jalArAmata" "mAtRvANI "vaiSNavajana' "yArAbApu" "udAtta zikSaNa" "gharazALA" "paramArtha "phUlavADI" keDiyuM' vagere mahattvanAM patra ane sAmayike che. rAjakoTathI vIseka jeTalAM laghupatra pragaTa thAya che. grAma sahaga" "janayuga" "sArathi "yugavANI" "taruNa gujarAta" "rAmabANa" janavijaya" vagere neMdhapAtra che. patrakAratvanA kSetre surate paNa mUlyavAna phALo noMdhAvyA che. suratanI samRddhi kevI hatI ane rAjakAraNamAM enuM keTaluM mahatva hatuM enI jhAMkhI gujarAta mitra "gujarAta darpaNa" "pratApa" ane dezI mitra jevAM agragaNya vRttapatro karAve che. teoe prajAnA lAbhAthe viTaMbaNA veThIne lokakalyANArthe racanAtmaka kArya karyuM che. I. sa. 1934-35 thI gAMdhIzailInI vRttapatrAnI dhATImAMthI gujarAtI patrakAratva bahAra nIkaLI gayuM che. agralekhanI lakhAvaTa, samAcAranI rajUAta, jAherakhabaranI goThavaNu, viSaya-vaividhya vagerenI vyavasthAmAM pheraphAra thayo che. prajAvatsala ane rASTriya hitaciMtaka sarvazreSTha gujarAtI sAptAhikamAM "prajAbaMdhune gaNI zakAya. 1898 mAM zarU thayela A sAptAhika sAthe sAthe 16 mI jAnyuArI 193ra thI "gujarAta samAcAra' dainikarUpe pragaTa thAya che. 1940 thI A baMnenuM saMcAlana "lekaprakAzana limiTeDane soMpAyuM. hAlamAM "gujarAta samAcAra' eka nIDara ane lokapriya patra tarIke gujarAtanAM denikamAM sauthI vizeSa phelAvo

Page #34
sAdhana-sAmagrI dharAve che. "jhagamaga" "zrIraMga "zrI" citraloka dharmaloka' vagere vRttapatro e pragaTa kare che. "gujarAta samAcAra' nI jema gujarAtanAM jANatAM dainikamAM "saMdeza" janasattA' (-have lekasattA') "prabhAta jayahiMda vagerene gaNI zakAya. I. sa. 1901 mAM "gujarAtI paMca" nAme sAptAhika zrI semalAla maMgaLadAsa zAhe zarU kareluM, jemAM vyaMgyacitro-DaThThAcitro ane ramUjI lekhe paNa pIrasavAmAM AvatAM. 28 ogasTa, 1923mAM "sAMjanuM denika nIkaLyuM ane 7-3-1930 thI e "saMdeza" nAme pragaTa thAya che. 1943 mAM enI mAlikI badalAI ane "saMdeza limiTeDane soMpAI. enA taMtrI sthAne AraMbhamAM zrI naMdalAla baMDIvALA hatA. hAlamAM zrI cimanabhAI paTela che. sevaka "ArAma" "dharmasaMdeza' "strI' "bAlasaMdeza" vagerenuM e saMcAlana kare che. e ja pramANe "janasattA' (have "lekasattA') ane jayahiMda' paNa pragati karyA kare che. zrI kakalabhAI koThArIe "prabhAta' dainika paNa calAveluM, je haju cAlu che. gujarAta muMbaI ane bhAratanI bahAra brahmadeza, AphrikA, raMgUnamAM paNa - gujarAtI vRttapatro pragaTa thAya che enI paNa noMdha levI ghaTe. I.sa. 1900 thI zarU thaI 1925 26 mAM baMdha thayela "raMgUna samAcAra', e ja pramANe gAMdhIyugamAM nIkaLeluM "barmA-vartamAna',ne I. sa. 1928mAM AraMbhAyela "brahmadeza" je 1930 thI "nUtana brahmadeza" nAme pragaTa thAya che. A uparAMta madrAsamAMthI "ti', kAcInamAMthI "malabAra samAcAra', mombAsAthI "IsTa Aphrikana kronikala' 'kenyA mela" InDiyana Isa' 'jhAMjhIbAra samAcAra vagere paNa ullekhapAtra che. I. sa. 1946 sudhI pragaTa thayela akhabArone lagatI mAhitI sarakArI ahevAlamAM pragaTa thatI hatI te mujaba 31mI mArca, 1946 nA roja muMbaI ilAkAmAM gujarAtI bhASAmAM 29 dainika, 78 sAptAhika ane 12 pakhavADikemaLI kula 118 patro pragaTa thatAM hatAM. I. sa. 1915-1960 nA samayagALAmAM gujarAtamAMthI paMdareka dainikapatro pragaTa thAya che, jemAM "gujarAta samAcAra" "sevaka' "saMdeza" "lekasattA" "jayahiMda janasattA (have "lokasattA') "kacchamitra' "phUlachAba' "janazakti' "janmabhUmi muMbaI samAcAra' vagere mukhya che. A uparAMta 3 ardha-sAptAhika, 35 sAptAhika, rara pAkSika, 28 sAmayika, 130 thI ye vadhAre mAsika pragaTa thAya che. teomAM buddhiprakAza' bhUmiputra

Page #35
10 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI " kesa patrikA' "prabuddha jIvana "saMskRti "svAdhyAya vidyA vidyApIThaakhaMDa AnaMda" "ArAma" "cAMdanI", "gharazALA" "janakalyANa" jIvanazikSaNuM" koDiyuM kumAra" "navacetana "strI-jIvana "yugadraSTA" "prasthAna "anugraha' 'pathika' graMtha" bhASA-vimarza "paraba" "grAma-svarAja' 'purAtattva "zrI phobarsa gujarAtI sabhAaumAsika "saMbadhi" "dakSiNa" "kavilaka' vagere aneka gujarAtI sAmAyikone samAveza thAya che. gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa tAravavAmAM A samakAlIna sAdhana ghaNuM upayogI nIvaDe ema che. alabatta, emAMnA atirekane gALavA- cALavA paDe ane tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karIne satyAsatya tapAsI satyane svIkAra karavo paDe. itihAsa pagI lalita sAhitya arvAcIna kALamAM vikaselA lalita vAyanA vividha prakAromAM samakAlIna jIvanane dhabakAra varatAya che, paraMtu emAMnI keTalIka kRtioe samakAlIna jIvananAM paribaLo ke ghaTanAo pratyakSa jhIlyAM che ane e rIte lalita vAmane keTaloka aMza spaSTa tathA itihAsopayogI che. prastuta kAlakhaMDamAM racAyelI evI keTalIka mukhya sAhitya-kRtione nirdeza ahIM karIzuM. dekhItuM che ke A nideza saMpUrNa hoI zake nahi, e kevaLa udAharaNAtmaka haze. sAhityanAM svarUpamAM prathama kavitA laIe. prastuta kAlakhaMDa svAtaMtryanI laDatane ane svAtaMtryaprAptine che. rASTrabhaktinAM kAvya narmadanA samayathI lakhAyelAM che, paNa 1920 pachI rASTrajIvanamAM palaTo Avyo tene anusarI A prakAranAM kAvyonI rItimAM paNa palaTo Avyo. vividha prakAranI guNavattAvALAM puSkaLa rASTragIta lakhAyAM, paNa emAMnAM sArAM gIta saMgrahavAnA keTalAka gaMbhIra prayatna thayAM che. kAMtilAla amulakharAya mahetAe saMgRhIta karela "svadeza gItAmRta' (1918), iMdulAla yAjJika-saMpAdita rASTragIta' (1922) ane kalyANajI viThThalabhAI saMpAdita "svarAjanAM gIta' (1931) AnAM udAharaNa che. svadezabhaktinAM kAvyomAM vipulatA temaja guNavattA baMne daSTie viziSTa pradAna aradezara pharAmajI khabaradAranuM che. emanA kAvyasaMgraha-prakAzikA' (1909) bhAratane TaMkAra'(1919) saMdezikA (1925) ane "rASTrikA'(1940) A vidhAnanA pramANarUpa che. gujarAta-bhaktinuM kAvya "guNavaMtI gujarAta' tathA bAraDolI satyAgraha prasaMge racAyeluM "bhara bhara mAruM khappara bhaiyA, e bhAratanA

Page #36
sAdhana-sAmagrI 11 vAsI' e pa ktithI zarU thatuM kAvya vagere emanI yAdagAra kRti che. khabaradAranA lagabhaga samakAlIna caMdulAla maNilAla desAI 'vasaMtavineAdI'-kRta kAvyasaMgraha 'TahukAra' (1919)mAM dezabhaktinAM keTalAMka suMdara gIta che. F nAnAlAla bhAvanA ane AdarzonA kavi che, paNa samakAlIna itihAsanAM keTalAMya subhaga pratibiMba emanI kRtiomAM che. emanI A prakAranI racanAomAM gujarAtanA tapasvI' zreSTha che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjIne emanA pacAsame varSe apadyAgadya zailImAM kavie apelI e snehAMjali che. A rASTravibhUtinI kavie peAtAnI sakaLa kalAzaktithI ahIM arcanA karI che, tethI e navayuganI svAgatagItA-samI apUrva racanA che. 'pitRtapaNu' e pitA klapatarAmane ApelI pitRsneha ane pazcAttApanI saMskRti samAna kavinI bhAvAMjali che, jyAre 'saurASTranA sAdhu' e amRtalAla sudarajI paDhiyArane apelI nivApAMjali che. A baMne kRti paNa apadyAgadyamAM che. dhanya heA dhanya ja puNyapradeza, amArI guNiyala guradeza" e paktithI zarU thatu nAnAlAlanuM kAvya gujarAtabhaktinAM uttama kAvyeAmAMnuM eka hAvA sAthe gujarAtane kAvyamaya sAMskRtika itihAsa paNa Alekhe che. tribhuvana gaurIzaMkara vyAsa-kRta 'navAM gItA'(1925)mAMnA 'ratanabAne garamA' e kAvyamAM jaliyAnavAlA bAganI kathanIne leAkagItanI vedhaka zailImAM saraLatAthI AlekhI che. 'lAkavANI' tarapha vaLavA lAgelA ApaNA kAvyasAhityamAM A kAvya navA yuganI bhAvanA ane jUnA yuganI zailInA mizraNanA eka sImAcihna jevuM che,' enI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya tevuM khIjuM eka kAvya te ramaNulAla desAI-kRta 'jaliyAnavAlA bAga' che. kezava ha. zeTha-kRta 'svadeza gItAvali' (1919) ane 'sariyA raNanA rAsa' (1930)mAM rASTrabhAvanAnAM gIta che. gAkuLadAsa rAyacUrAkRta 'navagIta'(1921) e rASTrapremanAM gItAnA saMcaya che. emAM gAMdhIjI vizenu gIta sarvottama che. harihara bhaTTa-kRta gAMdhIjIne uddezI racAyelA uttama kAvya 'bhavya DAsAte paNa A vargamAM mUkI zakAya. zayadA-kRta 'jaya bhAratI'(1922)mAM racanAnA prasAda che. latIph kRta 'mahAtmA gAMdhIjIne zraddhAMjali' (1923) e samayanA vIsa varSanA eka mugdha muslima yuvakanI DeAlanazailImAM vicaratI racanA che. asahakArayuga pachInAM navA jIvanetsAha, nUtana puruSa ane yauvanasahaja balidAnanuM gAna karanAra kaviomAM samayaSTie dezaLajI paramAra agrima che. umAza'kara-kRta 'vizvazAnti'(1931)mAM vizvavyApI mAnavatAvAdara gadI 'prAsAdika'

Page #37
12 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI kAvyocita svarUpe pragaTa thAya che. e pachInA emanA gaMgotrI' (1934) Adi aneka kAvyasaMgrahomAM anyAnya viSaya saha rASTravyApI saMcalane kavitA, aMgata anubhavo ane bhAvAbhivyakti-sameta dekhAya che. suMdarama-kRta kAvyamaMgalA' (1933) mATe paNa A ja kahI zakAya. emAM "abhayadAne "javAnadila' ane "buddhanAM cakSu' jevI kRtio navIna yuganI bhAvanAone prasAda ane ojasa sameta vyakta kare che. navayuganAM maMthana ane viSAda, rASTrabhakti ane sevAvRtti tathA dIna ane pratyenI sahAnubhUti A baMne kaviomAM bharapUra che. zrIdharANIkRta kADiyAM' (1934) ane sneharazmi-kRta "panaghaTa' (1948)nI kAvyaracanAonuM paNa ahIM smaraNa karavuM joIe. tanasukha bhadrakRta dAMDIyAtrA' (1949) rASTrajIvananI eka mahAna ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa kare che. asahakArayugamAM ApaNI prajAnA navIna vikramanAM "bulaMda gAna lokavANInI gherI gaMbhIratAthI jhaveracaMda meghANIe gAyAM che. emane kAvyasaMgraha "siMdhuDe' (1930) e vAtanuM viziSTa udAharaNa che. emane kAvya saMgraha "yugavaMdanA' (1935) e nAmane sArthaka kare che. goLamejI pariSadamAM bhAga levA javA TANe gAMdhIjI paNa meghANInA kAvya "chelle kaTore" thI kavita thayA hatA. dInadalita pratye sahAnubhUti ane emane vizenI dAjha 1930 ane pachInAM saMcAlananuM eka pradhAna lakSaNa che, suMdarama-kRta "kayA bhagatanI kaDavI vANI ane garIbanAM gIta(1933)mAM e surekha svarUpe vyakta thAya che. ba. ka. ThAkore niruttamAM' kAvyamAM strI svAtaMtryane viSaya caryo che. e kAvya racAyA pachI aneka vAra kartAe sudhAryuM maThAryuM, paNa emanA avasAna pachI 1957 mAM e pragaTa thayuM che nATaka-sAhityane vicAra karIe te kanaiyAlAla munazInAM 'sAmAjika nATaka' (1931) bahuzaH prahasanakeTinAM che ane emAM gujarAtI madhyama varganA jIvananuM cetanabharyuM nirUpaNa che. munazI-kRta "brahmacaryAzrama' (1924) jela nivAsa karatA satyAgrahI netAonI gamata uDAvatuM AkarSaka prahasana che. umAzaMkara jozI kRta "sApanA bhArA' (1936) arvAcIna nATaka-sAhityamAM sthAna dharAve che. ekAMkIonAM saMgraDa tarIke te e viziSTa che, paNa rAmanArAyaNa vipAThakanA zabdomAM kahIe te zrI umAzaMkare gAmaDuM joyuM che, enI sAcI sthiti eo. samajyA che ane enuM emaNe samabhAva ane vicArapUrvaka nidAna kareluM che. ema karavAmAM emane je rahasya jaNAyuM te emaNe nATaka dvArA mUrta kareluM che.

Page #38
sAdhana-sAmagrI caMdravadana mahetA, rasikalAla che. parIkha AdinAM nATakAmAM tathA emanAM ane jayaMtIlAla cunIlAla maDiyA, durgeza zukala, gulAbadAsa breAkara, pannAlAla paTela, yazeAdhara mahetA, puSkara caMdaravAkara, ke. kA. zAstrI AdinAM ekAMkIemAM gujarAtanA nagarajIvana ane grAmajIvananu ane kAI vAra emAMnAM aitihAsika pravAhetuM paNa subhaga nirUpaNu che. 13 navalikAsAhityamAM rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka-kRta 'dvirephanI vAta|' bhAga-1 (1928) gujarAtanA jIvananuM sAhityaseApAna hai|vA chatAM tarka yukta Alekhana kare che. umAza'kara jozI-kRta 'zrAvaNI meLA' (1937) ane suMdaram-kRta 'piyAsI' (1963) AdiSTae noMdhapAtra che. suMdaramanI navalikA 'bhImajIbhAI' gAMdhI cIdhyA AcAranA jaDa anusaraNanA upahAsa uDAve che jhaveracaMda medhANIkRta 'citAnA aMgArA'(1937) vageremAMnA prayoga 'kalAtmaka navalikA nahi teTale aMze, mukhyatve ApaNA samAjanAM amuka tharAnAM, pIMchI bahudhA gherA raMgAmAM kheALAne cItarelAM prasa`gacitro ke zabdacitra che'.10 meghANInA khInna e vArtAsaMgaRsApaNA uMbaramAM' 1942) ane 'dhUpachAyA' (1935) paNa nirUpaNanI dRSTie A krATimAM Ave. 'jela sinI bArI'(1934)mAM satyAgraha-saMgrAma daramyAna jelajIvananA anubhava meghANI leAkabhASAthI raMgAyelI emanI viziSTa kathanazailImAM rajU kare che. ravizaMkara mahArAjanA prabhAvathI jemanA jIvanamAM bhAre parivartana thayuM hatuM. tevA cAtaranA bahAravaTiyAnI smaraNIya citrAtmaka satyakathAe 'mANasAInA dIvAM' (1945)mAM meghANI Ape che. peTalIkara pannAlAla maDiyA ane puSkara caMdaravAkara AdinI navalikAe ApaNA grAmajIvananuM tathA emAM thayelAM ane thatAM piravata nAnuM pratibiMba rajU kare che. prastuta kAlakhaMDanA navalakathAsAhityamAM A daSTie ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAInuM nAma sarvaprathama yAda Ave, vivecaka vizvanAtha bhaTTe ucita rIte ja ramaNalAlane 'yugamUrti vArtAkAra' kahyA che, kemake samakAlIna jIvanamAM parispa MdanA emaNe jhIlyAM che ane enu kalAtmaka pratiqalana emanI navalakathAo aaN thayuM che. ramaNalAlanI navalakathAe bahusaMkhya che, paNa samakAlIna itihAsanA sAdhana tarIke 'jayaMta'(1925) 'zirISa'(1927) kaiAkilA'(1929) 'hradayanAtha'(1930) 'snehayajJa' (1931) 'divyacakSu'(1932) 'grAmalakSmI'(1933) 'hRdaya

Page #39
14 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vibhUti'(1940) Adi noMdhapAtra che. jayaMta ane "zirISa'mAM AdarzavAdI ane vIra nAyakanA jIvana dvArA svadezAbhimAna ane daridranArAyaNanI bhaktinI bhAvanAonuM nirUpaNa che. sarakArI nokarIne asahakAra karI "kilA'ne nAyaka jagadIza vecchAe garIbAI svIkAre che. hRdayanAthanA pAtra dvArA samakAlIna akhADA-pravRtti ane enI pAchaLanI bhAvanA vyakta thAya che. "snehayajJa"nA nAyaka kirITanI phakIrInI adekhAI gavarnaranA pradhAna sara suredralAlane Ave che. divyacakSu' to satyAgrahayuganA ciraMjIvI sudIrgha AkhyAna samAna che. "grAmalakSmImAM grAmasudhAraNuM ane khetIne prazna vacce che ane ApaNuM jIvananA apratibiMbita aMze ane pravRttione navalasAhityamAM lagabhaga prathama vAra pratibiMbita karyA che. "hadayavibhUti'mAM kahevAtI gunegAra jAtione prazna UMDA samabhAvathI nirUpyo che. pUrNimA' (1932) gaNikAjIvanane lagatI eka praznakathA che. ame badhAM'(1936)mAM dhanasukhalAla mahetA ane jatI davee vedhakatAthI, vilola taraMgavRttithI tathA UMDI tattvagrAhI ane vyApaka hAsyavRttithI suratI jIvanane ciraMjIva karyuM che.11 jhaveracaMda meghANa-kRta "seraTha tArAM vahetAM pANI'(1937) vItI gayelA seraThI jIvanane vegapUrvaka ane snehathI sajIvana kare che. samAjanA vividha vargonAM pAtro tathA emanAM vicAre bhAvanAo ane saMcalane A navalamAM naisargika Alekhana pAme che ane DuMgare nadIo tathA seraThanI samagra bhUmi jANe ke ahIM sajIva bane che. - cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha-kRta "kaMTakachAyo paMtha' bhAga 1 thI 4 (1961-62) A rIte eka gaNanApAtra sudIrgha navalakathA che. sane 1813 thI 1947 sudhInuM eka gujarAtI kuTuMbanuM saLaMga vistRta jIvana AlekhatI e suvAcya navalakathA che ane kuTuMbajIvananA paTaMtare samagra gujarAtanuM sAMskRtika sAmAjika ane rAjakIya jIvana paNa emAM AlekhAyuM che. prAraMbhanAM keTalAMka pAtra atihAsika che, paNa pachInI pAtrasRSTi bahuzaH kAlpanika hovA chatAM tathyonA kalAtmaka nirUpaNane bAdha AvatuM nathI. cAra bhAgamAM vaheMcAyelA traNa graMthane aMte ApelAM sAlavAra vaMzavRkSa uparathI jaNAya che ke samagra navalakathAnuM lekhakanuM sAvaMta kapana aitihAsika saMracanAnI dRSTie paNa khUba suspaSTa che. darzaka kRta "jhera te pIdhAM che jANI jANI'(bhAga-1, 1951; bhAga 2, 1958) e adyApi apUrNa rahelI navalakathAmAM ApaNA svAtaMtryasaMgrAmanA vividha

Page #40
sAdhana-sAmagrI 15 praznonuM cetanabharyA ane suvyakta pAtro dvArA nirUpaNa che. basapAnanI keTalIka navalakathAo paNa A koTimAM Ave. Izvara peTalIkara-kRta janamaTIpa'(1944)mAM carotaranI pachAta gaNAtI jAtinI eka nAyikAnA vAstavika parAkramI jIvananuM AkarSaka Alekhana che. peTalIkara svabhAvathI ane pravRttithI sAmAjika kAryakara hAI emanI aneka navalakathAo samakAlIna gujarAtanAM vividha sAmAjika prazno ane samasyAo temaja e vizenI emanI suciMtita vicAraNA rajU kare che. pannAlAla paTela-kRta "mAnavInI bhavAI' (1947) munazI ane ramaNalAla pachInI eka atyuttama navalakathA che. IDara AsapAsanA grAmajIvananI navalakathA te e che ja, paNa AdivAsI pradezamAM bhayAnaka duSkALanA AtaMkanuM bIbhatsa nirUpaNa emAM che. pannAlAlanI bIjI navalakathAomAM paNa IzAna gujarAtanA grAmapradezanuM subhaga citraNa che cunIlAla maDiyAnI keTalIka navalakathAo saurASTranA grAmajIvananuM raMgabharI bolImAM sarasa Alekhana kare che. "sadharA jesaMgane sALo' (1962) jevI emanI navalamAM svAtaMtryottarakAlIna rAjakAraNa ane rAjakIya khaTapaTo tathA kAvAdAvAnuM vedhaka kaTAkSathI bhareluM-eka daSTie hAsyarasika, te bIjI dRSTie glAniprerakanirUpaNa che. pAdaTIpa 1. gAMdhInagara (mukhya kacerI), vaDedarA, rAjakoTa, porabaMdara (gujarAta rAjya); nezanala AIjha opha InDiyA, dilhI, muMbaI AIjha (mahArASTra rAjya) 2. ramezakAMta ge. parIkha, gujarAtanA itihAsa-saMzodhanamAM daphataronuM mahatva gujarAta itihAsa pariSada (7muM jJAnasatra, bhANavaDa) amadAvAda, 1982 3. makaraMda mahetA gujarAtanA itihAsa - zedhanamAM daphataranuM mahatva ' gujarAta ItihAsa pariSada (mu jJAnasatra, bhANavaDa) amadAvAda, 1982 4. ratana rU. mArzala, "gujarAtI patrakAritvano itihAsa' pR. 297 5. yAsIna dalAla, "akhabAranuM valena" pR. 178-19 1. suMdaram, "arvAcIna kavitA', pR. 272 . vijayarAya vaidya, 'avAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA,' pR.16 8. sudarama 'arvAcIna kavitApR. 425 9. rA. vi. pAThaka, paricaya" "sApanA bhArA", pR. 1 10. vijayarAya vaidya, gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA', pR. 329 11. ejana, pR. 331

Page #41
khaMDa 2 rAjakIya ItihAsa prakaraNa 2 rAjakIya jAgRtiH briTiza mulakamAM (I.sa. 1915 thI 193ra) 1915 pahelAM gAMdhIjInuM 1915 mAM dezamAM ane gujarAtamAM Agamana thayuM e pahelAM rAjakIya kSetre seMdhapAtra parivartana AvyuM hatuM, jene AraMbha vIsamI sadInI zarUAtathI thaye hate. 1900 thI svadezI AMdolana zarU thayuM hatuM. 1902 mAM amadAvAdamAM koMgresanuM adhivezana yojAyuM hatuM. svadezI caLavaLanI sAthe sAthe baMgALanA bhAgalAnA pariNAme hiMsaka ane krAMtikArI prakRttio ane bamba yuga'nI zarUAta thaI hatI. svadezI caLavaLanuM jera amadAvAda naDiyAda surata ane bhAvanagara jevA zaheromAM vizeSa hatuM. vaDodarA rAjyamAMnI krAMtikArI pravRttio neMdhapAtra banI. kArakuna tarIke kAma karatA narasiMhabhAI paTele vanaspati davAo nAmanI pustikA chapAvIne temAM bomba banAvavAnI rIte varNavI hatI. 1906 thI 1911 sudhI A pravRtti gujarAtamAM ThIka ThIka pramANamAM cAlI hatI. gujarAta bahAra jaIne je gujarAtIoe krAMtikArI pravRttiomAM bhAga lIdhe teomAM zyAmajI kRSNa varmA, mAdAma bhIkhAyajI kAmA, saradArasiMha rANu jevAne samAveza thato hato. vaDodarAnA mahArAjA sayAjIrAva trIjA gAyakavADa svadezaprema ane dezabhaktinI bhAvanA dharAvatA hatA. briTiza sarakAra sAthe sayAjIrAve keTalAka prasaMgoe gharSaNamAM AvI, Takakara jhIlI pitAnuM rAjavI tarIkenuM AMtarika vahIvaTI svAtaMtrya jALavI rAkhyuM hatuM.' gujarAtamAM hemala caLavaLa bALa gaMgAdhara TiLaka 1914mAM jUnamAM jelamukta banI rAjakAraNamAM sakriya banI kesanA uddAmavAdI ane vinItavAdI pakSone eka karavAnI pravRtti karatA

Page #42
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM 17. hatAM. vaLI A samaye enI bisanTa hiMdanA utkarSanA kAryamAM pahelethI pravRtta hatAM te sakriya banyAM hatAM. koMgresanuM kArya maMda gatithI cAlatuM hatuM enAthI emane asaMtoSa hato. ee 1814 mAM koMgresamAM joDAyAM ane enI sAthe eo navA vicAra, navuM baLa, navI dRSTi ane navI sAdhanasAmagrI letAM AvyAM. TiLake 1915 mAM rASTravAdIonI eka pariSada muMbaImAM bolAvyA bAda carcA vicAraNAnA aMte "hemarUla lIganI sthApanA karI (16 phebruArI, 1916). hemala caLavaLa eTale hiMdIo pitAnuM rAjya pote kare evuM svarAjya sthApavAnI caLavaLa. svadezI caLavaLa pAchaLa svarAjya sthApavAne Azaya hato, paNa ene tAtkAlika hetu baMgALanA bhAgalA rada karavA ane prajAmAM rAjakIya jAgRti ANavAne hato. joke svarAjyanI vyAkhyA A samayamAM spaSTa na hatI chatAM lekazAhI DhabanuM eka prakAranuM svazAsana hiMdane maLe e Azaya enI bisanTa calAvelI homarUla caLavaLane hatA.pa Ama dezamAM TiLaka ane bisanTanI ema be hemarUla lIga' sthapAI. Ama chatAM e paraspara sahakArathI kAma karatAM rahyAM. TiLakanuM kAryakSetra mukhyatve mahArASTra ane madhyapradeza jevA pradezamAM hatuM, te bisanTanuM dezavyApI hatuM. gujarAtamAM hemarUla caLavaLanI neMdhapAtra asara dekhAI. muMbaImAM sthapAyelI gurjara sabhA'nA gujarAtI kAryakaroe gujarAtanI ghaNIvAra mulAkAta laI bhASaNa ApI homarUla caLavaLane kapriya banAvavA prayAsa karyA hatA. dAdAbhAI navarojI(1825 -1917)e paNa A caLavaLane Teke A hato. enI bisanTanI dharapakaDa madrAsamAM 1917(julAI)mAM karavAmAM AvI tyAre gAMdhIjIe emanI mukti mATe asahakAranI caLavaLa zarU karavA sUcana karyuM hatuM. e aMge surata abrAmA kacholI bharUca jaMbusara Amoda naDiyAda ANaMda umareTha cikhodarA cakalAsI godharA dAhoda vagere sthaLoe sabhAo thaI hatI. amadAvAdamAM gAMdhIjInA pramukhapade daza hajAranI sabhA enI bisanTanI dharapakaDanA virodharUpe thaI hatI. enI bisanTane traNa mahinA bAda chuTakAro thatAM satyAgraha karavAnI havA dezabharamAM phelAI hatI te maMda paDI gaI. enI bisanTane chuTakAro thayo e samayamAM 'navajIvana ane satyamAM baMkimabAbunA baMgALI rASTragIta vaMdemAtaramanuM samalaikI gujarAtI pahelI vAra pragaTa thayuM hatuM. 1927mAM enI bisanTa koMgresa-pramukha banyAM hatAM. Ama 1916 thI 1918-19 nAM varSomAM homarUla caLavaLe dezamAM ane gujarAtamAM jAgRti lAvavAnuM ane svarAjyanI laData mATe lekene taiyAra karavAnuM

Page #43
18 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mahatvanuM kAma karyuM. TiLakanI homarUla caLavaLanI paNa asara paDI. baMne caLavaLAthI lekemAM jo pedA thaye ane kAMIka karavAnI tamannA bhagI, paNa haju koI nizcita kAryakrama ke sAdhana prApta thayAM na hatAM. Ama chatAM svarAjyanI laData calAvavA gAMdhIjI mATe sakriya kAryakrama ApavAnI mAga saraLa banyA hatA. gAMdhIjInA Agamana ane TiLakanA avasAnathI hemarUla caLavaLane aMta Avye. gAMdhIjIne vasavATa gopALakRSNa geile(1866-1915)nI preraNAthI gAMdhIjI hiMdamAM AvyA (jAnyuArI, 1915) ane emanI salAhathI gAMdhIjIe eka varSa sudhI rAjakIya pravRttimAM paDyA vagara dezanI sAcI sthitinuM avalokana karyuM. gAMdhIjIe saurASTramAM pravAsa karyo. zAMtiniketanamAM thoDo samaya rahyA, jyAM ravIMdranAtha TAgore emane "mahAtmA'nI padavIthI vibhUSita karyA. gAMdhIjIe amadAvAda AvI ke caraba nAmanA parA pAse berisTara jIvaNalAlane baMgale bhADe rAkhI tyAM satyAgrahAzramanI sthApanA karI (me, 1915). AzramanA eka mahatvanA aMgarUpa kADhavA mATe dhArelI rASTriya zALAnI paNa eka yejanA emaNe hAtha dharI hatI.10 e yojanA samajavA beeka vakhata gujarAta kalabamAM javAnuM thatAM e tyAM saradAra vallabhabhAI, dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara, cimanalAla ThAkara jevAnA paricayamAM AvyA. e samaye eo gAMdhIjI pratye AkarSAyA na hatA, paNa gAMdhIjIe 1917 mAM caMpAraNamAM karelA kAryathI ane caMpAraNa choDI javAnA mejisTreTanA hukamane savinaya anAdara karyA bAda emanA para cAlelA kesa daramyAna emaNe karelA gauravayukta nivedananA akhabAramAM AvelA ahevAlanI asara gujarAta kalabanA sabhyo para paDI. pariNAme teoe gAMdhIjIne gujarAta sabhAnA pramukha thavA vinaMtI karI.11 jenI sthApanA 1884 mAM thayelI te gujarAta sabhA rAjakIya praznomAM rasa letI hatI. 1917 mAM gAMdhIjIne pramukha banAvyA bAda nakakI karyuM ke dara varSe gujarAtamAM rAjakIya pariSada bharavI. e mujaba pahelI gujarAta rAjakIya pariSada gedharAmAM maLI. A pariSadanI keTalIka bAbato neMdhapAtra hatI. emAM muMbaIthI AvelA TiLaka, emanA mitra che. esa. khApaDe tathA hiMdu-muslima ekatAnA e samayanA custa himAyatI mahamadaalI jhINAnI hAjarI neMdhapAtra hatI. gAMdhIjIe dezamAM bharatI anya rAjakIya pariSadonI sarakhAmaNImAM A pariSadane apUrva banAvI.

Page #44
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM 18 badhA vaktAo pAse gujarAtImAM bhASaNa karAvyAM. mahamadaalI jhINuM paNa gujarAtImAM bolyA. TiLakane gujarAtI AvaDatuM na hovAthI emaNe marAThImAM kareluM pravacana pApaDee emanI vilakSaNa gujarAtImAM bhASAMtara karIne sarasa rIte samajAvyuM. anya pariSadamAM pahele TharAva briTiza sAmrAjya pratye vaphAdArIne karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM e zirasto tyajI devAye. bIje varSe AvI pariSada bharAya tyAMsudhI kAma karatA rahevAne TharAva karI kArobArI samitinI racanA karavAmAM AvI. pote pariSadanA pramukha hovAthI gAMdhIjI kArobArI samitinA pramukha banyA. saradAra paTela enA maMtrA ane iMdulAla yAjJika enA saMyukta maMtrI nimAyA. saMsthAnuM mathaka amadAvAda rAkhavAmAM AvyuM.12 pariSadanA maMtrI tarIke saradAra vallabhabhAIe veThanI prathA nAbUda karavA mATe makkama banI muMbaI prAMtanA vaDA tarIke rahelA uttara vibhAganA kamiznara mi. preTa sAthe revanyU khAtAnA sacoTa patravyavahAra calAvyuM. veTha viruddha patrikAo chapAvI ane gAmaDe gAmaDe vaheMcAvI. bezaka, e prathA nAbUda to na thaI, paNa ene trAsa ocho thayo. gujarAta sabhAe 1917-18 mAM amadAvAda jillAmAM duSkALa paDyo tyAre duSkALa-saMkaTa-nivAraNanI ane 1918 mAM amadAvAdamAM InphaluenjhA bahu jorathI vyA tyAre ghera ghera pharI lekene davAo pahoMcADavAnI mAnavatAbharI kAmagIrI karI hatI. 1917 mAM jyAre prathama vizvayuddha nAjuka tabakakAmAM AvI paDayuM hatuM tyAre hiMdanA lekone javAbadAra rAjataMtra ApavAmAM Avaze evI jAherAta hiMdanA maMtrI maeNnTagya taraphathI karavAmAM AvI hatI. e eNnTegU iMglenDathI hiMda AvI gAMdhIjIne maLavA jAya tyAre ochAmAM ochI lAkha mANasonI sahIvALI svarAjyaprApti mATenI arajI rUbarUmAM suparata karavAnI hatI. arajI para sahIo bhegI karavAnuM kAma gujarAta sabhAe karyuM hatuM. kheDA jillAmAM 1917 mAM comAsAmAM ativRSTine kAraNe pAka niSphaLa javAthI mahesUla-phI mekUpha rAkhavAnI caLavaLa paNa gujarAta sabhAe upADI hatI. gujarAta rAjakIya pariSadanA adhivezana 1917 mAM godharAmAM gAMdhIjInA, 1918 mAM naDiyAdamAM viThThalabhAI paTelana, 1919 mAM suratamAM gokuLadAsa kahAnadAsa pArekhanA, 19ra0mAM amadAvAdamAM abbAsasAheba taiyabajInI, 1921mAM bharUcamAM saradAra vallabhabhAI paTelanI, 1922 mAM ANaMdamAM kastUrabAnA ane 1923 mAM bArasadamAM kAkAsAheba kAlelakaranA pramukhapade yojAyAM hatAM. Ama gujarAta sabhA ane gujarAta rAjakIya pariSade gujarAtamAM lokajAgRti lAvavAnI ane briTiza sarakAra sAme laData ApavA lekene taiyAra karavAnI mahatvapUrNa kAmagIrI karI.13

Page #45
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 1920mAM nAgapura adhivezanamAM keMgresanuM dhyeya "zAMtinAM ane sacAInAM badhAM sAdhanathI saMpUrNa svarAjya meLavavuM evuM spaSTa karAyuM ane tyAM navuM baMdhAraNa ghaDavAmAM AvyuM.14 A adhivezanamAM asahakAranA TharAvane paNa bahAla rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. gAMdhIjIe kaeNgresane pUrNa lokazAhI dheraNe cAlatI sAmudAyika saMsthA banAvI. saMpUrNa zAMtimaya kArya karavAne A saMsthAne pAye svIkArAye. paddhati zAMtimaya hovA chatAM anyAyane tAbe na thatAM, pariNAme AvI paDanArAM kaSTa ane duHkha svecchApUrvaka vahorI levAnAM hatAM. anya racanAtmaka kAryakrama paNa svIkArAyA hatA. gAMdhIjI patrakAratvanA kSetre gAMdhIjIe gujarAtamAM AvIne patrakAratvanA kSetre praveza karyo enAthI patrakAratvanA ItihAsamAM Adhunika yugane AraMbha thaye. dainika vartamAnapatrone yuga gujarAtamAM 1920 pachI gAMdhIyugamAM zarU thayelo gaNAya che. " visamI sadInA AraMbhathI gujarAtI akhabAroe koMgresanAM nIti ane kArya pratye mitrabhAve prazaMsA karavAnuM ke TIkAtmaka dRSTie vivecana karavAnuM valaNa apanAvyuM hatuM, roleTa kAyadAnA saMdarbhamAM gujarAtamAM je pratyAghAta paDyA te neMdhapAtra banI rahyA. caMpAraNa ane kheDAnA satyAgrahathI gujarAtanI prajAmAM jAgRti AvI hatI. mi. hanimUna aMgrejI patra "e kronikala'nA taMtrI hatA temaNe e akhabArane pracaMDa zaktizALI banAvyuM hatuM. emane briTiza sarakAre dezanikAla karyA pachI "bombe kronikala'nA vyavasthApakoe e patrane calAvavAnI javAbadArI gAMdhIjIne zire nAkhI, paNa sarakAre thoDA samayamAM A sAmayikane baMdha karAvyuM 17 'yaMga InDiyA' 1917 mAM hemarUla pakSe zarU kareluM tenA taMtrI tarIke jamanAdAsa dvArakAdAsa hatA. babbe kronikala' baMdha paDyA pachI "yaMga InDiyA calAvavAnI javAbadArI gAMdhIjIne soMpAI. satyAgrahanuM rahasya lekene samajAvavAne gAMdhIjIne utsAha hevAthI emaNe "yaMga InDiyAne aThavADiyAmAM eka vakhatane badale be vakhata pragaTa karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. A samaye muMbaImAM IdulAla yAjJika navajIvana ane satya'19nAmanuM mAsika calAvatA hatA. gujarAtI mAdhyama dvArA pitAnI vicArasaraNI leke sudhI pahoMcADavAnI jarUra gAMdhIjIne lAgatI hatI, AthI idulAla yAjJika ane emanA mitroe pitAnuM A patra gAMdhIjIne soMpyuM. 20 gAMdhIjIe A patrane mAsikamAMthI sAptAhikamAM pheravI 'navajIvana'

Page #46
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM tarIke 1819(oNkaTobara, 7)mAM amadAvAdathI zarU karyuM. A patre enI lAMbI kArakidI daramyAna prajAmAnasane vikAsa sAdhavAnuM, jIvananA dareka kSetramAM zikSaNa ApavAnuM tathA prajAne daravaNa ApavAnuM ananya kArya karyuM. 1 A samayamAM bombe kronikala' pharI zarU thayuM eTale "yaMga InDiyA" pharI sAptAhika banyuM. gAMdhIjInI sUcanAthI "yaMga InDiyAne muMbaIthI amadAvAda lAvI pragaTa karavAnuM nakakI karAyuM. Ama gAMdhIjIe lekene satyAgrahanI tAlIma ApavAne yathAzakti AraMbha karyo. A patre gujarAtI patrakAratvanA kSetramAM ja nahi, paNa gujarAtanA samAjajIvanamAM palaTo A , navIna baLa preryuM ane gujarAtI bhASA sAhitya ane enA abhyAsane abhUtapUrva vega Ape. e patra nyAya ane nIti, satya ane vizvabaMdhutvanA dheraNa para calAvavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, je tatva Adhunika patrakAratvamAM virala gaNAya. rAjakIya vAtAvaraNa ane satyAgrahI caLavaLane lIdhe 1932 mAM "navajIvana' baMdha thayuM. 1931 mAM gAMdhIjIne jelamAM rahevuM paDayuM hatuM. emanI aTakAyata daramyAna emane lAgyuM ke mAtra harijananA uddhAra mATe ja hoya tevuM eka patra calAvavuM. thoDA samaya bAda harijana"nA navA nAme eka patra 1933(phebruArI, 11)thI zarU thayuM tenA taMtrI taraka caMdrazaMkara prANazaMkara zukala hatA. gAMdhIjInA ane anya vicArakAnA lekha emAM AvatA. gAMdhIjIe emanAM "InDiyana opiniyana" yaMga InDiyA" navajIvana" ane "harijana" patro dvArA potAnA vicAra prasarAvyA, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa e daramyAna taMtrI mATenAM dhoraNa paNa nakkI karI ApyAM. 24 "harijana" gAMdhIjInI 194ra mAM dharapakaDa thatAM baMdha paDayuM. 1944 mAM gAMdhIjI chUTayA pachI cheka 1946mAM e punaH zarU thayuM ane 1948 mAM gAMdhIjInI hatyA thayA bAda be mahinA sudhI cAlI baMdha paDI gayuM.25 A samayamAM gujarAtI vartamAnapatro ane emAM paNa vizeSa karIne sAptAhikomAM taMtrIo taraphathI aMgrejImAM nedha (Notes) lakhavAmAM AvatI. prAMtIya bhASAthI ajANa hoya tevA sarakArI adhikArIo AvI neMdha vAMcI prajAnI IcchA jANI zake evo enI pAchaLa Azaya hatuM. gAMdhIjIe AvI neMdha pragaTa karavA sAme virodha karatAM ghaNAM vartamAnapatromAM AvI na ApavAnuM baMdha thayuM. gAMdhIjInuM A pradAna noMdhapAtra gaNuM zakAya. gujarAtamAM svataMtra samAcAravyavasthA sAthenA dainikonI jarUriyAta samajavA lAgI. surata ane amadAvAdamAM dainika yuga zarU thayuM. 22

Page #47
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI amadAvAdamAM 'prajAbaMdhu' nAmanu' gujarAtI sAptAhika bhagubhAI tecaMda kArabhArIe zarU kareluM (1898). eNe 1920 sudhImAM zikSaNa nyAya Arthika vaidhAnika jevI bAbatAmAM prajAgRti lAvavAmAM phALA ApyA.27 1920 pachI gAMdhIjInI rASTriya pravRttio ane 1930 nA asahakAra ane savinaya bhaMganA pagalAmAM 'prajAbaMdhu'e gAMdhIjIne prabaLa Teke ApyA. sarakAranA Adeza pramANe jAmInagIrI ApavAnuM pharajiyAta hatuM, paNa ema na karatAM prakAzana svecchApUrvaka baMdha rAkhavuM evI gAMdhIjInI salAhathI 'prajAbaMdhu'nuM prakAzana badha paDayuM.ra8 lAkAne samAcAra maLatA rahe e mATe sacAlakoe rAja 'gujarAta samAcAra' nAme samAcAra-pUrtie pragaTa karavAnuM zarU karyuM. (16 jAnyuArI, 1932), je khUba leAkapriya nIvaDI. 1934 mAM laData baMdha paDI, paNa 'prajAbaMdhu'nI e samAcAra-pUti dainika patra 'gujarAta samAcAra'rUpe cAlu rahI, 'prajAba' jyAre pharI zarU thayuM tyAre enI aMgrejI kaTArA baMdha karavAmAM AvI. Ama 'prajAbaMdhu' ane 'gujarAta samAcAre' gujarAta ane saurASTramAM jAgRti lAvavAmAM ane kaeNAMgresanA Adeza phelAvavAmAM mAMdhapAtra phALA ApyA. amadAvAdamAM ja naMdalAla kheADIvAlAe 'sadeza' nAmanA sAMjanA navA nikanI zarUAta 1923 mAM karI hatI. 22 saurASTranAM vamAnapatromAM sauthI jUnA ane khya patra tarIke 'kAThiyAvADa TAImsa' 1888(jAnyuArI-1thI sAptAhika tarIke zarU thayeluM tene gaNavAmAM Ave che.29 e 1888mAM eprilathI adhadha sAptAhikamAM pheravAyuM, 1890 mAM (1 lI jAnyuArI) pUrNa paNe aMgrejI dainika banyuM ane ardhasAptAhika dvibhASI AvRtti paNa cAlu rAkhI zakayuM', paNa Arthika samasyAne lIdhe 1902 pachI mAtra sAptAhika AvRtti cAlu rakhAI.30 saurASTramAM jomavaMtA, nIDara ane prajAlakSI patrakAratvanI zarUAta 1921(27, kaTAbara)mAM rANupura nAmanA nAnA gAmamAMthI amRtalAla dalapatabhAI zeThe 'saurASTra' nAme sAptAhika pragaTa karIne karI.31 1930 mAM dhAlerA satyAgraha vakhate A patranuM kAryAlaya satyAgrahasa'grAmanuM mukhya mathaka banI gayuM hatuM. AvI pravRttionA kAraNe e 1931 mAM baMdha paDayuM. 1932 mAM jelamAM cha mahinA rahyA bAda chUTIne bahAra AvI kakalabhAI kAThArIe saurASTra' patre adhUrA rAkhelA kAne AgaLa dhapAvavA ene 'phUlachAba'ne nAme sAptAhika tarIke zarU karAvyuM. pachInA samayamAM enuM saMpAdana kalabhAI sAthe rahIne jhaveracaMda medhANIe paNa saMbhALyuM hatuM. Aje e dainika tarIke rAjATathI prasiddha thAya che.32 kakalabhAI kAThArI samaya jatAM

Page #48
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM 23 rANapura cheADI amadAvAda gayA ane 1936 mAM 'nava saurASTra' sAptAhika tarIka ane 'prabhAta' dainika tarIke zarU karyAM. anya vamAnapatro ke jeoe gujarAtamAM asahakAranI ane savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI satyAgraha caLavaLA daramyAna prajAmata keLavavAmAM ane jAgRti lAvavAmAM mahattvanA bhAga bhajavyA teAmAM suratamAM dainika tarIke 'samAcAra' (1922) ane 'gAMDIva' (1925) hatAM, je pAMceka varSa cAlI baMdha paDayAM hatAM. 1926 thI zarU thayeluM 'pratApa' pahelAM sAptAhika ane pachI dainika tarIke pragaTa thavA lAgyuM hatuM. anya patrAmAM dAMDiyA' 'gujarAta' 'strIzakti' vageree paNa lokamata keLavavAmAM phALA ApyA hatA.33 rASTriya keLavaNInA AraMbha gAMdhIjIne mana rAjakIya svara!nya eka sAdhana hatuM ane e meLavyA bAda rASTriya punarracanAnuM kAma karavAnuM hatuM.... ene mATe emaNe keLavaNIne mukhya gaNI hatI. 1913 mAM aMbAlAla sAkaralAle gujarAtI bhASA dvArA keLavaNInA vyApaka prasAra karavA gujarAtI keLavaNI maMDaLa"nI sthApanA amadAvAdamAM karI hatI. khIje varSe suratamAM cunIlAla ghelAbhAI zAha ane khIjI vyaktie sArvajanika ejyukezana seAsAyaTI'nI sthApanA karI hatI. 4 AvAM keLavaNIma`DaLAe prAthamika mAdhyamika ane ucca zikSaNanI zALAo tathA chAtrAlayA, pustakAlayA ane vyAyAmazALAo zarU karI hatI. prAthamika sAthe mAdhyamika zikSaNa ane ucca zikSaNanuM pramANa vadhavA lAgyuM hatuM. paraMtu enA abhyAsakramAmAM rASTriya zikSaNano abhAva hatA. 6 ' gujarAtamAM keLavaNIne vikAsa thaI rahyo hatA, paNa emAM dhArmika zikSaNane sthAna na hatuM. A UNapa dUra karavA zrIman--nathurAma zarmAe 1910 mAM bhAvanagaramAM 'dakSiNAmU'i' nAme vidyArthIgRhanI sthApanA karI hatI. enA gRhapati tarIke nRsiMhaprasAda uphe nAnAbhAI bhaTTa hatA. vidyAthI gRhane Adarza saMsthA banAvavA svataMtra zALAnI jarUra jaNAtAM vinaya-ma Mdira zarU karavAmAM AvyuM. gijubhAI badhekA enA AcArya banyA (1916), emaNe monTesArI paddhatinuM bAlamaMdira zarU karAvyuM. 1918 pachI A dakSiNAmUrti saMsthA sAcA arthAMmAM rASTravAdI saMsthA banI, paraMtu enI kAmagIrInI asara meATAM gAmeAthI AgaLa jaI na zakI. ane pracAra upalA vargamAM vizeSa rahyo.3pa paraMtu saMsthAnA vikAsa thatA rahyo. samaya jatAM 'dakSiNAmUrti' nAmanuM traimAsika36 cAlu karAyu' (1924) ane

Page #49
24 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI svataMtra prakAzanama"diranI sthApanA paNa karavAmAM AvI (1926). tyAM navI prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zALA paNa sthApavAmAM AvI 37 oNMgresanA 1920 mAM nAgapura khAte maLelA adhivezanamAM thayelA TharAveAmAM rASTriya keLavaNInA pazu TharAva hatA. gAMdhIjIe A TharAva dvArA dezanA navajuvAnane karelI hAlanA javAba utsAhabharyA maLyA. dezamAM Thera Thera rASTriya vidyApIThA, rASTriya mahAvidyAlayo ane tamAma kakSAnI rASTriya zALAe sthApavAmAM AvyAM. gAMdhIjIe kalakattA ane bihAra jaI rASTriya mahAvidyAlayeA vidhisara khullAM mUkavAM. bihAra vidyApIThanI sthApanA karI. Ama 1921 nA AraMbhanA cAra mahinAthI AchA samayamAM alIgaDhanI rASTriya muslima vidyApITha, gUjarAta vidyApITha, bihAra vidyApITha, kAzI vidyApITha, baMgALa rASTriya vidyApITha, TiLaka mahArASTra vidyApITha temaja badhAM dhAraNA dharAvatI hajAro vidyAthI AvALI aneka zALA zarU thaI.38 AvA rAjakIya vAtAvaraNamAM gujarAtamAM prajAne rASTriya keLavaNo kema ApI zakAya e paratve pazu vicAra thavA lAgyA hatA. niDayAdamAM maLelI gujarAta rAjakIya ma`DaLanI beThakamAM saradAra vallabhabhAInI darakhAstathI rASTriya keLavaNI Ape tevI zALAe mahApAThazALAe udyogazALAe uzALAe temaja Ayurvedika zALAo sthApavAnI ane e badhI saMsthAone samanvaya karavA mATe 'gUjarAta vidyApITha (yunivarsiTI)' sthApavAnI jarUra jaNAvavAmAM AvI,39 gUjarAta vidya:pIThanI sthApanA 1920(eNkaTAbara)mAM thaI ane gujarAta mahAvidyAlayanI sthApanA bIjA mahine thaI. 1922 nA jUnanA arasAmAM rASTriya 'keLavaNInu' kAma dezanA bIjA prAMte karatAM saMgIta prakAre thayuM hatuM. mahAvidyAlayamAM 250 vidyAthI tAlIma letA hatA. gujarAtamAM sthapAyelAM vinayama diza tathA kumAramaMdiramAM vidyAthI AnI kula sa`khyA 37,000 hatI. vidyApIThanA purAtattvamA~diranA tathA mahAvidyAlayanA graMthAlayamAM 75,000 uparAMta pustaka hatAM. vidyApIThanuM makAna bAMdhavA mATe saradArazrIe dasa lAkha rUpiyAnI Tahela nAkhI. phALA ugharAvavAmAM maNilAla keAThArIe bhAre jahemata uDAvI, jemane rASTrabhikSu'nu biruda apAyuM. phALAnI ekatra thayelI rakamamAMthI gUjarAta vidyApITha'nuM makAna bA~dhAyuM. 40 vidyApIThanA snAtakA ane vinItAne bIjI krAI paNa sarakAramAnya yunivarsiTIonA graeNjyueTA tathA maeNTrikayuleTA barAbara gaNavA mATe saradAra vallabhabhAI jyAre amadAvAda sudharAInA pramukha banyA tyAre 1924 nA oNgasTa pahelAM TharAva karAvyA hatA.41

Page #50
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM 25 19ra0-21 nI asahakAranI caLavaLa ane enI uttejanA pAMceka varSanA samayamAM maMda paDI. koMgrese 1924-25 pachI asahakAranI pravRttione zikSaNakSetramAMthI dUra karI. aMte keLavaNI dvArA svarAjya ane svataMtratAne gAMdhIjIne prayoga samaya jatAM gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM sImita thaye. vyAyAmapravRttio gujarAtamAM vIsamI sadInA AraMbhamAM lekemAM vyAyAma pratye bhAre udAsInatA ane aruci hatI. 1905 mAM baMgALanA bhAgalAnA kAraNe dezamAM banelA krAMtikArI banAvanI choTubhAI purANInA mana para bhAre asara paDI. choTubhAI araviMda ghoSanA krAMtikArI vicArathI bhAre AkarSAyA hatA ane emanA dvArA saMpAdita "vaMde mAtarama' (1906,42, vartamAnapatramAMthI preraNA meLavavA lAgyA hatA. araviMda ghoSanA bhAI bArI cheTubhAIne traNa divasa roja nava nava kalAka sudhI krAMtikArI baMgALanI trAsavAdI ane bhUgarbha ane baudhdha pravRttionI tathA svataMtratAnI prApti mATe vyavahAru hoya tevI bAbatonI mAhitI ApI hatI. cheTubhAIe 1906 mAM vaDodarAmAM varSa daramyAna pitAnA zarIra ane svAthyane daMDa beThaka doDa, niyamita AhAra, brahmacarya vagerenuM pAlana karI khaDatala ane sapramANa banAvyuM. emane dezI vyAyAmapaddhatimAM aDaga zraddhA beThI ane pite gujarAtIonI zarIrasaMpatti sudhare tevI pravRttine jIvanakArya banAvaze evo daDha saMkalpa karyo. 43 A arasAmAM vaDodarAmAM ja lakSmInAtha nAmane eka utsAhI juvAna cheTubhAInA saMparkamAM AvyA. e eka "vakatRtva zikSaNa samiti' nAmanuM maMDaLa calAvatA hatA. cheTubhAIe ene AvAM "maNubaMdhI" bhASaNa karavA karatAM rUpiyAbhAra kAmanI kiMmata vadhAre che evuM kahI videzI amalamAMthI dezane mukta karavo hoya te e kAma kaMI DhIlApacA zarIravALA juvAne na karI zake, paNa ene mATe baLavAna zarIravALA juvAne joIe evuM samajAvyuM. emaNe pote vyAyAmazALA zarU karI (1908). vyAyAmazALAnA juvAnenA cAritrya bhaNatara ane zArIrika vikAsane lIdhe lekemAM vyAyAmazALA pratye AkarSaNa vadhatuM gayuM ane yuvake sArI saMkhyAmAM tyAM joDAtA thayA. vyAyAmazALAmAM vividha kasarate uparAMta juvAnImAM khaDatalapaNuM

Page #51
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI laDAyaka jusso ane samayasUcakatA vikAsa pAme e mATe TekarIyuddha ane zanivAre gAma bahAra jaMgalamAM ghaNe dUra sudhI lAMbI deDa ane avAranavAra pagapALA pravAsa javAne kAryakrama apanAvAta. vyAyAmazALAmAM zarUAtamAM daMDa ane beThaka ane pachIthI malakhama ane kustI umerAyAM, paNa akhADAnA kAryakarone kharA vyAyAma prakAronA dAnI khabara na hatI. bAburAva phaNasalakara vyAyAmanA sarva prakAranA niSNAta hatA. emaNe vaDodarAmAM ja sUrasAgaranI pALa para AvelA pitAnA akhADAmAM choTubhAI, emanA nAnA bhAI aMbubhAI tathA nAjukalAla cokasIne ziyALAnA traNa mAsa daramyAna savAra sAMja traNa traNa kalAka kharA prema ane utsAhathI vyAyAmanA sarva prakAro ane khAsa karIne kustI malakhama pharIgadakA vagerenuM zikSaNa ApyuM. 1908 mAM lakSmInAtha vyAyAmazALAnI sthApanA pachI 1917 sudhImAM ATha varSanA gALA daramyAna bharUcanI baTukanAtha vyAyAmazALAne apavAdarUpe bAda karatAM, vaDedarA bahAra paddhatisaranI eka paNa vyAyAmazALA hayAtImAM AvI na hatI. lakSmInAtha vyAyAmazALAmAM taiyAra thayelA juvAnoe gujarAtanA gAmomAM jaI rASTriya jAgRti preravAnuM kAma gAMdhIjInA Agamana pahelAM zarU karI dIdhuM hatuM. gujarAtamAM vyAyAmazALAoe jAhera jIvanamAM je pradAna ApyuM che temAM tahevAranI zuddhi, sAmAjika sudhArA, cAra cAranI TukaDImAM kUca karatAM saraghasa, bhUrI caDDI tathA sapheda khamIsane gaNaveza, pagapALA pravAso, zramakAryamAM gaurava levuM, evI bAbatone samAveza thAya che. choTubhAIe vIsamI sadInA bIjA dAyakAmAM kAma karavAnI vistRta yojanA tauyAra karI temAM khetImAM sudhArA karI ene pracAra karavAnI ane gujarAtamAM vyAyAmapracAra karavAnI bAbate mukhya hatI. 1917 mAM sajoda (tA. aMkalezvara, ji. bharUca) mukAme khetIvADInuM kSetra cAlu karI pahelI yejanA zarU karI. bIjI yejanA vyAyAmapracAra karavAnI hatI te khUba nedhapAtra banI. 1909 pachI lakSamInAtha vyAyAmazALAnA pagale pagale vyAyAmapravRttine pracAra gujarAtanA ghaNuM moTA bhAgamAM thaye. Thera Thera vyAyAmazALAo sthapAvA lAgI. aMbubhAI purANI bharUcamAM sthapAyelI nyU igliza skUlamAM joDAyA ane gujarAtamAM patharAyelI vyAyAmazALAonI kAmagIrI para dekharekha rAkhavA lAgyA, paNa emaNe 1924 mAM araviMda AzramamAM joDAvA paMDicerI javAnuM

Page #52
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM nakakI karatAM gujarAtanA vyAyAmakSetre eka moTA kAryakaranI khoTa paDI. 1925 thI 1936 nA samaya daramyAna gujarAtabharamAM ghaNuM vyAyAmazALA zarU thaI ane vyAyAmane pracAra vadhe, chatAM vyAyAma pAchaLanI preraka bhAvanAmAM zithilatA AvI. 1926 mAM rAvajIbhAI caturabhAI paTela madrAsanI zArirIka zikSaNa kolejamAM tAlIma levA gayA ane pAzcAtya vyAyAma tathA ramatagamatanI vyavasthita tAlIma laI AvyA. keTalAka juvAna kAryakaro amarAvatImAM "zrI hanumAna vyAyAma pracAraka maMDaLa"--saMcAlita tAlIma-zibiromAM joDAI "vyAyAmavizArada' thayA. Ama hiMdanI paddhativALA vyAyAma ane pAzcAtya vyAyAma vacce sumeLa sadhAye. choTubhAI purANInA prayAsothI naDiyAdamAM 1928 mAM prathama gujarAta vyAyAma pariSada De. hariprasAda desAInA pramukhasthAne yojAI, jemAM gujarAta vyAyAma maMDaLanI sthApanA karavAno TharAva thayo. rAvajIbhAI paTele carotara keLavaNI maMDaLanA upakrame dara varSe unALAnI lAMbI rajAomAM eka mAsanI mudatanA grISma vyAyAma tAlImavarge javAne AraMbha karyo. A tAlImavargomAM badhI hiMdI rASTriya ane pAzcAtya vyAyAmanI tathA ramatagamatanA vividha prakAronI vistRta kriyAtmaka ane jJAnAtmaka tAlIma vyAyAma prakAranA niSNAtonI madadathI ApavAmAM AvatI. AvI traNa varSanI tAlIma bAda "vyAyAma vazArada'nI upAdhi apAtI. AvA tAlImavargo yuvake zikSaNasaMsthAo ane samAjamAM khUba jokapriya nIvaDyA. A pravRttine lIdhe zALAo mahAzALAo ane ramatamaMDaLone utsAhI niSThAvAna ane zaktizALI vyAyAmazikSake maLatA rahyA, Ama 1925 thI 1936nA samaya daramyAna Arthika sAmAjika rAjakIya evI aneka muzkelIo hovA chatAM gujarAtamAM vyAyAmapravRtti sthiratApUrvaka TakI ane samAjanI jarUriyAta anusAra pragatizIla rahI zakI. gujarAtamAM sthAnika satyAgraha satyAgraha e evuM eka rasAyaNa hatuM ke jemAM satya ane AgrahanA mizraNa dvArA dharma ane krAMtine samanvaya thayo ane AvA addabhuta samanvayane lIdhe e jIvananAM tamAma kSetromAM parivartana lAve tevuM cAlaka baLa banI rahyo.44 dakSiNa AphrikA e satyAgrahanA zastranI prayogazALA hatuM ane hiMda enuM progakSetra banyuM. gAMdhIjInA nivAsasthAna gujarAtamAM prasaMgopAtta keTalAka satyAgraha thayA,

Page #53
28 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vIramagAmanI lAInadArI (1912-19) gAMdhIjI 1915 mAM dakSiNa AphrikAthI muMbaI AvyA tyAMthI gApALakRSNa gokhalenI sUcanAthI teo pUNe gayA. tyAMthI zAMtiniketana javAnA hatA. tyAM jatAM agAu teo emanA vaDIla bhAInI vidhavAne ane bIjA kuTuMbIjanane maLavA rAjakATa ane peArabaMdara javA relave mArge nIkaLyA. mArgamAM vaDhavANu sTezane prajAsevaka tarIke paDakAyelA meAtIlAla darajIe gAMdhIjIne vIramagAmanI lAInadArI (jakAta-tapAsaNI) ane ene aMge thatI leAkeAnI kanaDagata ane viTaMbaNAonI vAta karI. e sAMbhaLI 'jela javAnI taiyArI che ?' ema prazna pUchI kaSTa sahana karavAnI metIlAla darajInI taiyArI mApI lIdhI.45 gAMdhIjI saurASTramAM jyAM jyAM pharyA tyAM tyAM vIramagAmanI jakAta aMge veThavI paDatI hADamArIenI phariyAdo sAMbhaLI ane kaMIka karavuM evA emaNe saMkalpa karyo. gAdharAmAM maLelI gujarAta rAjakIya pariSada (1917)nA pramukha tarIke gAMdhIjI cUMTAyA hatA tenI beThakamA vIramagAmanI lAInadorI nAbUda karAvavA TharAva karyA e pachI gAMdhIjIe muMbaI sarakAra sAthe patravyavahAra calAvyA. tyAMnA saMbaMdhakartA sekreTarIne ane lorDa viliMgjhanane paNa maLyA, chatAM saphaLa pariNAma na AvatAM lanDanamAM vaDI sarakAra sAthe be varSoMnA patravyavahAra bAda jyAre vAIsaroya lADa cemsapharDane maLavAnA prasaMga AvyA tyAre gAMdhIjIe A praznanI rUbarU rajUAta karI carcA karI. TUMka samayamAM ja vIramagAma AgaLano jakAta radda thavAnI jAherAta sarakAre karI. gAMdhIjI A praznamAM makkama hatA tethI emaNe " A jItane satyAgrahanA pAyArUpa mAnI'' * jyAre gAMdhIjI caMpAraNanI pravruttiomAM kAryarata hatA tyAre kheDAthI meAhanalAla paMDayA ane zaMkaralAla parIkhe patrA lakhIne kheDA jillAnA khetIpAka niSphaLa gayAnI ane tethI jamInamehala-mAphInI bAbata samasyArUpa banI hAvAthI leAkeAne mAdarzana ApavAnI mAgaNI karI hatI. bIjI bAju amadAvAdathI majUra bALakA ane strIenI unnati mATe kArya karI rahelAM anasUyAbahene patra lakhI majuronA pagAra saMbadhI deAravaNI ApavA anurodha karyo hata!. milamajUra haDatAla (1918) mahAdevabhAI desAIe jene 'dharmayuddha'nu' nAma ApyuM hatuM te amadAvAdanA mila majUro ane milamAlikA vacce gAMdhIjInI rAhabarI heThaLa TUMkI mahattvanI laDAI' hatI. prathama vizvayuddhamAM hiMdane sAmela karavAmAM Avyu hatu. tethI

Page #54
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM ra . moMghavArI ghaNI vadhI hatI. majUrone ochA pagAre kAma karavuM paDatuM. 1917 nA comAsAmAM amadAvAdamAM plega(marakI)ne roga bhayaMkara vyApyo tethI ghaNuM majura zahera cheDI jatA rahelA. e samaye vadhu majUre zahera choDI na jAya ane cAlyA gayelAone pAchA bolAvavAnA hetuthI pagAranA 70 % thI 80 %. jeTaluM plega-benasa ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. plega baMdha thayA pachI e cAlu raheluM, kAraNa ke mahAyuddhane lIdhe moMghavArI sakhata pravartatI hatI, paraMtu milamAlike e jyAre e baMdha karavA vicAryuM tyAre majUromAM kacavATa zarU thayo ane prazna vivAdAspada banyo. Ama paNa majUronI pagAravadhArAnI mAgaNe lAMbA samayathI thatI hatI. anasUyAbahene gAMdhIjIne tAra karatAM teo amadAvAda AvyA ane majUronI laDatanuM sukAna saMbhALI lIdhuM.47 gAMdhIjIe milamAlike para yogya dabANa lAvavAne badale zAMti-samAdhAnane mArga zodhavA mAMDyo. pariNAme baMne pakSe lavAdane siddhAMta kabUla karAvyo. je paMca nimAyuM temAM gAMdhIjI, saradAra, zaMkaralAla baeNnkara, zeTha aMbAlAla sArAbhAI, zeTha jagAbhAI, zeTha caMdulAla ane pramukha tarIke kalekaTara hatA. gAMdhIjIe 35 TakA moMghavArI bhaththu sUcavyuM, te keTalAka majuro ane majUra-AgevAnoe 50 TakAnI mAgaNI karI. milamAlike 20 TakAthI vadhu ApavA sahamata na hatA. kaTokaTI sarjAtAM milamAlikoe majUronI mAgaNI na svIkArI, kAmabaMdhI (loka AuTa) jAhera karI, AthI gAMdhIjIe majUrone haDatAla para javAnI salAha ApI. Ama haDatAla zarU thaI, paNa thoDA divasamAM AMdolanamAM oTa AvatAM, majUrone jusso TakAvI rAkhavA gAMdhIjIe upavAsa zarU karyA. vAtAvaraNa sabhAe nivedane carcAo vagerethI taMga banyuM. aMte haDatAlanA 21 mA divase ane upavAsanA 4thA divase (18-3-1818) prazno ukela AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanA eka vyaktinA banelA paMca dvArA lAvavA samajUtI sadhAI. paMce 35 TakA vadhAro vAjabI jAhera karyo, paNa majUronI mAgaNI ane milamAlikanuM valaNa baMne sacavAya evI rIte nakkI karI ApI. AthI praznanuM sukhada samAdhAna AvyuM. gAMdhIjInI jIta thaI. A praznamAM sauthI moTuM sAruM pariNAma e AvyuM ke e samayathI amadAvAdanA milamAlika ane majUro vacce jyAre jyAre vivAda sarjAya tyAre lavAdI nImavAnI paraMparA zarU thaI, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa koMgresanA netAo ane majUra kAmadAro vacce "snehanI atUTa gAMTha baMdhAI.48 1920 mAM "majUra mahAjananI amadAvAdamAM sthApanA thaI ane rASTriya AMdalanamAM majUra mahAjane koMgresanI sAthe rahIne bhAga lIdhe ane pitAne vikAsa sAthe.

Page #55
30 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI . kheDA satyAgraha (1918) kheDA jillAmAM 1917mAM ativRSTinA kAraNe pAka nAza pAmyA hatA, uMdarone paNa upadrava bhAre hatA, AthI dukALa jevI sthiti sarjAI. jillAnA pATIdAro, kaThalAla gAmanA mohanalAla paMDyA ane zaMkaralAla parIkha vageree pitAnAM ane AsapAsanA gAmenI tapAsa karAvI te cAra AnI karatAM paNa ocho pAka thaye hevAnuM jaNAyuM, AthI emaNe saradAra vallabhabhAInuM dhyAna kheMcyuM ane muMbaI dhArAsabhAnA dhArAsabhya viThThalabhAI paTela tathA gokaLadAsa kahAnadAsa mAraphate jamIna-mahesUla mApha karAvavA prayAsa karyA, je saphaLa na thayA. sarakArI niyama pramANe jyAM cAra AnI karatAM pAka e che thaye heAya tyAM e varase jamInamahesUla mApha karavAnuM hatuM, paNa sarakArI adhikArIoe talATIone dhAkadhamakI ApI pAkanI AnAvArInA AMkaDA cAra AnI upara karAvyA, AthI AkhA jillAmAM bhAre asaMtoSa vyApe. kalekaTara pAse rajUAta thatAM jamIna-mahesUla-vasUlAtamAM udAra rahevA vacana ApyuM. paNa amala bajavaNI kaDaka bhASAmAM kADhI. keTalAka gAmonuM mahesUla baMdha rAkhavAnA sarakAre karelA hukama mAmalatadAroe dabAvI rAkhyA. gAMdhIjI A samaye gujarAta sabhAnA pramukha hatA. sabhAnA maMtrIo kRSNalAla desAI ane dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkare A bAbatamAM kamizanara ane gavarnarane arajI karI hatI, paNa amaladAro emanAM dera damAma ane sakhatAImAM kaDaka hatA. gAMdhIjIne caMpAraNamAM khabara apAtAM emaNe kheDA AvI saradAra vallabhabhAI mAraphate tapAsa karAvI ane pUrI khAtarI thatAM emaNe sarakAra ane prajAkIya gRhasthamaMDaLanA banelA paMcanI mAgaNI karI. aneka patra lakhyA ane pachI pUratI carcAvicAraNA karyA bAda satyAgraha karavAno nirNaya lIdhe (mArca, 1918). prajAne laDAI mATe taiyAra rahevA, daMDa thAya, jamIne khAlasA thAya, keda thAya ke gharanI cIjavastuo laI javAmAM Ave te e badhAM kaSTa mUMge moDhe sahana karI levA jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM. jamIna-mahesUla na bharavAnI pratijJA eka kheDUtoe lIdhI ane vallabhabhAIe gAme gAma pharIne lekene pitAnI Tekane vaLagI rahevA samajAvyuM. pracAra karavAmAM ane leke jusse TakAvavAmAM anasUyAbahena, IdulAla yAjJika ane mahAdevabhAI desAIne paNa samAveza thato hate.49 sarakAre jamIna-mahesala-vasUlAta mATe japtIo zarU karI. leke khUba jussAvALA ane hiMmatavALA hatA. sarakArI pagalAM AraMbhamAM narama hatAM,

Page #56
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM paNa lekenI daDhatA jema vadhatI gaI tema sarakAre ugra pagalAM levA mAMDyAM, jemAM lekanAM DhoraDhAMkhara vAsaNa ghareNAM sAmAna vagere japta karIne laI javAtAM. keI gAmane Akhe pAka paNa japta karAta.50 leke jusso maMda paDavA lAgyo tyAre gAMdhIjIe emanAmAM utsAha jagADavA agya rIte japta thayelA khetarane DuMgaLIne pAka utAravAnI mehanalAla paMDayAne salAha ApI. mehanalAle enA sAthIonI madadathI e kAma karatAM teo DuMgaLI cora' tarIke biruda pAmyA. emane ane sAthIone thayelI sajA ane jelamAM bhogavelAM kaSTothI lekamAM navuM joma AvyuM. gAMdhIjIe kamizanarane patra lakhIne pharI eka vAra jaNAvyuM hatuM ke je nabaLI sthitivALA kheDUtonuM mahesUla mApha thaze te sArI sthitivALA bharI deze, paNa sarakAra gAMdhIjIne yaza ApavA mAgatI na hatI. kheDAnI A laDatane aMta aNadhArI rIte paNa vicitra Avyo! gAMdhIjI tA. 3 jI jUne uttarasaMDA gAme gayA hatA. tyAMnA mAmalatadAre jaNAvyuM ke jo sArI sthitivALA mANaso mahesUla bharI Ape te garIbonuM mahesUla mulatavI rAkhavAmAM Avaze. gAMdhIjIe likhita kabUlAta mAgatAM e pramANe ApavAmAM AvI, paNa mAmalatadAra enA tAlukA pUratI ja javAbadArI laI zake ane jillA mATe kalekaTara ja nirNaya laI zake, evuM spaSTapaNe jaNAvyuM hatuM. chevaTe kalekaTare e ja hukama Apyo tethI gAMdhIjIe pratijJAmAM e ja vastu hatI tethI e hukamathI "saMtoSa mApa (jUna 1918). kheDAnI laData pariNAmanI daSTie nahi, paNa siddhAMtanI daSTie mahattvanI banI rahI. enAthI gujarAtanA kheDUtavarganI jAgRtine ane emanI rAjakAraNanI keLavaNIne AraMbha thayo temaja kheDUtajIvanamAM zikSita vargane ane svayaMsevakano khare praveza A laDatathI ja thayo. sarakAra taraphana hAu ane bhaDaka je kheDUtane lAgatAM hatAM te have jatAM rahyAM. borasada satyAgraha (1923-24) kheDAnI laData (1917-18) ane borasada satyAgraha (1923-24) vaccenA samayamAM dezamAM roleTa kAyadA viruddha thayela virodha haDatAle upavAsa, sarakAre anya sthaLoe ane amRtasaramAM AcarelI bhAre damananIti, jaliyAMvAlA bAgahatyAkAMDa, enI jagavyApI asara, amadAvAda-viramagAmamAM thayelAM hullaDa, naDiyAdamAM relavenA pATA ukheDavAnA prayAsa, caurI corAne banela banAva ane

Page #57
3ra AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gAMdhIjIe pAchI kheMcelI asahakAranI laData vagere banAvomAM lekajAgRtinAM darzana thAya che. borasada satyAgraha 38 divasa(tA. 2-12-1823 thI tA. 8-1-1924)nA TUMkA gALAmAM saradAra vallabhabhAInA sIdhA mArgadarzana heThaLa thaye hate. kheDA jillAmAM bahAravaTiyAone khUba trAsa hato. sarakAra e trAsa nAbUda karI zakI nahi. prajA ja bahAravaTiyAone madada Ape che ane tethI trAsa dUra thatuM nathI. evuM TharAvI, bahAravaTiyAone jera karavA khAsa polIsanI TukaDI rAkhavAmAM AvI ane ene kharca borasada tAlukAnI prajA pAsethI meLavavA rU. 2,40,074 ne vero nAkhavA TharAvyuM (tA. 25-9-1923). pukhta vayanAM dareka strI-puruSa pAsethI mAthAdITha rU. 2-7-0 ne vero levAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, lekee A daMDarUpI verAne haiDiyA verAnuM nAma ApyuM. gujarAta koMgrese A aMgenI tapAsa karavA mehanalAla paMDayA ane ravizaMkara mahArAjane mokalyAM. tapAsa bAda borasadanI beThakamAM A daMDa na bharavA mATe salAha Apate TharAva karavAmAM Avyo.para lekene samajAvavA tAlukAnAM ekasA. cAra gAmaDAMomAM satyAgrahIonA thANAM nAkhavAmAM AvyAM. saradAra paTela, darabAra gopALadAsa, abAsa sAheba vagere netAo pravAsa karI lekene aDaga rahevA samajAvavA lAgyA. sarakAre daMDanI rakama vasUla karavA bahAravaTiyAone pakaDavA mATe rAkhelI khAsa pilIsane upayoga karavA mAMDyo. vasUlAtI amaladArone vIle meDhe pAchA pharavuM paDe e mATe lekae divase gharane tALAM mAravAnI ane rAtre bajAra khullAM rAkhI divase baMdha rAkhavAnI paddhati apanAvI. AvI paristhitimAM sarakAra aDhI lAkhamAMthI mAtra navase rUpiyA vasUla karI zakI ! Ama A Adelana daramyAna saMpUrNa ahiMsA jaLavAI hatI, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa e samayamAM bahAravaTiyAonA trAsane kaI prasaMga banyo na hatA. gujarAtanAM akhabAroe A satyAgrahanA samAcArone sArA pramANamAM chApIne pracAra karyo hato. tAlukAnA bAraiyA ane pATaNavADiyA lekoe paNa pUrNa zAMti jALavI hatI. A laDatamAM jJAtisaMsthAnA saMgaThanane upayoga thayo hato. A samaye gAMdhIjI jelamAM hevAthI laDatanuM saMcAlana saradAra vallabhabhAIe karyuM hatuM. chevaTe muMbaInA gavarnare tAlukAnI sthitinI tapAsa karAvatAM, polIsa TukaDIne kharca prajA para na rAkhatAM pAchA kheMcI lIdhe ane vasUla thayela daMDa

Page #58
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM paNa pAcho Ape. Ama A laDatamAM prajAne vijaya thayo.pa3 mahAdevabhAI desAIe A satyAgrahane "kSipra vijayI" satyAgraha tarIke oLakhAvyo hato. bAraDelI satyAgraha (1928) bAraDelI satyAgrahane prasaMga ApoApa ja UbhuM thayuM. gAMdhIjIe 1921 nI savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI dezavyApI caLavaLa calAvI tyAre bAraDolImAM 1922 mAM nAkaranI laData cAlu karavAne pitAne IrAdo hovAne patra emaNe vAIsayane lakhyuM hatuM (tA. 1-2-1922).54 gAMdhIjIe gujarAtamAM bAraDolI para ja kema pasaMdagI utArI e bAbatamAM evuM jaNAya che ke sAmudAyika savinaya bhaMgane prathama prayoga emane potAnI najara heThaLa ja karavo hato. bAraDolI tAlukAmAM dakSiNa AphrikAthI pAchA AvelA evA ghaNA mANasa hatA, jemaNe gAMdhIjIe tyAM calAvelI satyAgrahanI laData joI hatI ane gAMdhIjInI rIti emane paricita hatI, tethI Akho deza emane A prayoga jue ane lokemAM e rIte zakti ane utsAha prerAya evI emanI IcchA hatI, paraMtu caurIerAnI banelI karuNa ghaTanAthI ane muMbaImAM thayelAM tephAnane kAraNe bAraDolImAM maLelI kArobArI samitie sAmudAyika savinaya bhaMga mokUpha rAkhavAnuM TharAvatAM bAraDolImAM A caLavaLa baMdha rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI, paraMtu tAlukAnA judA judA bhAgomAM thANuM nAkhIne ghaNuM kasAyelA sevaka rahelA hatA, jemaNe 1928 mAM jamInamahesala-vadhArAnA praznamAM sarakArane paDakAra ApavAnI taka jhaDapI lIdhI. muMbaI ilAkAmAM dara trIsa varSe kheDUtonI Arthika sthitinI tapAsa karI jamIna-mahesUlanI AkAraNImAM sudhAro karavAnI rIta pracalita hatI. tAlukAnI AkAraNI chelle 1896mAM thaI hatI. 19ra 6 mAM gujarAtamAM keTalAka tAlukAomAM jamIna-mahesUlanI AkAraNI niyama mujaba karI navI jamAbaMdhI pharI karavAne samaya Avye. bAraDelI tAlukAmAM A kAma suratanA bina-anubhavI DepyuTI kalekaTara zrI jayakara, je seTalamenTa oNphisara hatA, temaNe karyuM. enA ahevAlamAM 30 TakA vadhAre sUcavAye hato. e ahevAla muMbaI sarakAramAM mokalatAM pahelAM seTalamenTa kamizanara eNnDarsana pAse mokalAyo. eNnDarsane AkhA ahevAlanI sakhata jhATakaNI kADhI, gaNatane pAyAmAM rAkhI navuM ja dhoraNa apanAvyuM. sAta varSanA gaNatane eka varSanuM gaNota gaNI jyAM mAtra 15 TakA jeTalI jamIna gaNAte apAtI hatI tyAM aDadhoaDadha jamIna gaNete apAya che ema gaNI phera-AkAraNuM karI.55 sarakAramAM AvA be ahevAla gayA.

Page #59
34 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sarakAre seTalamenTa oNphisaranI mAlanA vadhelA bhAvanI dalIla svIkArI 30 TakAne vadhAre svIkAryo tathA seTalamenTa kamizanaranI sUcanA pramANe gAmanuM navuM vagIkaraNa bahAla rAkhyuM ane 28 TakAne vadhAre paNa svIkAryo. Ama baMnenA ahevAla aDadhA aDadhA svIkAryA ane baMnenA bhAva-vadhArAnA TakA na svIkAratAM 22 TakA vadhAro maMjUra rAkhyo. pariNAme 23 gAmone nIcalA vargamAMthI upara caDAvavAmAM AvyAM tethI e gAmo para vadhArAnA mahesUlane ane vadhArelA darane ema bevaDe bejo paDyo. AkhA tAlukAnuM mahesUla lagabhaga 28 TakA vadhAre sUcavAyuM hatuM, AthI agAu rU. 5,14,76ra hatuM te rU. 6,72,273 thaI gayuM. AthI tAlukAmAM bhAre kacavATa phelAye. gAme gAme gayA vagara ane sAcI paristhitine khyAla meLavyA vagara beTA gaNAtane AdhAre sarakArI amaladAronI salAhathI beTA AMkaDA nakkI thayA hatA ema spaSTa jaNAyuM. prajAnI mAgaNI AkhA tAlukAnI phera-AMkaNuM (rivijhana) rada karavAnI thaI zakta, paNa e kevI rIte karavuM ene nirNaya karavAnuM kAma saradAra vallabhabhAIne seMpavAmAM AvyuM. saradAre tamAma lekenI mAgaNuM mahesUlanA gheraNa pUratI keMdrasthAne rAkhavA TharAvyuM ane ugra laData upADavA taiyArI karI. laData upADatAM agAu emaNe khuzAlabhAI kuMvarajIbhAI ane kalyANajIbhAI jevA tAlukAnA kAryartAo pAse lekIne tyAga karavAnI taiyArInI tapAsa karAvelI. mAtra vadhArAnuM ja nahi, paNa pUruM mahesUla na bharavAnI lekenI taiyArI hoya te ja pote A prazna hAthamAM leze ema paNa kahyuM hatuM (tA. 20-1-1928). e vakhate coryAsI tAlukAnA keTalAka kheDUte paNa A satyAgrahamAM sAmela thavA AvyA hatA, kAraNuM ke tyAM paNa jamIna-mahesUlamAM vadhAre thayo hato, paraMtu saradAra satyAgraha bAraDelI pUrato sImita rAkhavA mAgatA hevAthI emane samajAvIne nA pADI hatI. saradAre bAraDolInI laData zarU karI e pahelAM lekanI laData daramyAna AvI paDanArAM jokhamone zAMtipUrvaka vicAra karavA sAta divasanI mudata ApI hatI. e pachI laData zarU thaI. lokasevakonI chAvaNIo Thera Thera nakhAI, je prajAne mArgadarzana ApatI gaI. AMdolananI khabara ApavA jugatarAma davee "satyAgraha patrikA bahAra pADI. saradAranAM joradAra bhASaNathI bIjA krame A patrikAe bhAga bhajavya. saurASTrathI AvelA phUlacaMdabhAIe racelAM yuddhagIta lokabhogya banyAM. anya netAomAM kalyANajIbhAI kuMvarajIbhAI tathA bahArathI AvelAomAM abbAsa sAheba taiyabajI, darabAra sAheba, mehanalAla paMDyA, ravizaMkara mahArAja, De caMdubhAI desAI, goradhanadAsa cekhAvAlA, ImAma

Page #60
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM 35. sAheba, De. sumaMta mahetA tathA ku. maNibahena paTela, zrImatI bhaktilakSI desAI vagere AvyAM ane sabhAomAM hAjarI ApatAM, laData--gIte taiyAra karatAM ane lekemAM utsAha jagADatAM. sarakAre mahesUla vasUlAta mATe jalada pagalAM lIdhAM. rAnIparaja jevI garIba jAtine paNa gabharAvavA-DarAvavA prayAsa karyA, paNa badhA aNanama ane aDaga rahyA. keTalAke DhIlA paDI jaI mahesUla bharyuM te emane mATe samAjamAM rahevuM bhAre thaI paDayuM ane prAyazcitta rUpe satyAgraha-phaMDamAM nANAM bharavAM paDyAM. pitAnI jamIna khAlasA thatI vakhate, pitAnA DhoranI japtI ke hararAjI thatI vakhate temaja divasonA divaso sudhI DhoraDhAMkhara sAthe gharanI aMdara purAI rahevA jevI bAbatamAM lekenAM sahanazakti Teka ane jusso dekhAI AvatAM hatAM. mIThubahena piTITa, bhaktilakSamI, zAradAbahena jevAM strI kAryakartAoe strI-vargane zUrAtana caDAvI pitAnI sAhasa ane parAkramavRtti dekhADI ApavA karelA prayAsa mahatvapUrNa banI rahyA. sarakAre kheDUto para trAsa gujAravA paThANene paNa rokayA hatA. sarakAranAM AvAM pagalAonI asara muMbaI dhArAsabhAmAM cUMTAyelA sabhyo para paDI. emaNe pitAnAM rAjInAmAM ApyAM. e pachI paTela-talATIoe rAjInAmAM ApyAM, AthI AkhA tAlukAnuM kAma azakya banI raMbhe paDyuM. A laDate khetamajUro, gaNetiyAo ane jamIna-mAlike, rAnIparaja tathA ujaLiyAta ane hiMdu musalamAnone eka karyA hatA. A laDatanI asara gujarAta bahAra paNa paDI. pUNemAM khAsa sabhA yojAI ane satyAgrahIonI saphaLatA IcchavAmAM AvI. AMdolana vakhate ghaNA kAryakartAo jelamAM gayA, jemAM jelamAM janAra prathama ravizaMkara mahArAja hatA. AmAM laData daramyAna jelamAM gayelAomAMthI koIe mAphI mAgI chUTavAnuM svIkAryuM na hatuM. laData AkhA gujarAtanI banI gaI hatI. dAnane pravAha vaheto thayo hato. viSTikAro ane vinIta pakSanA sabhyae paNa samAdhAna mATe rasa lIdhe. TAImsa oNpha InDiyA' sivAyanAM ghaNAMkharAM chApAM taTastha ane mauna hatAM. 'pAyoniyara' ane 'sTeTsamaeNne lekenI mAgaNane nyAyayukta gaNAvI Teke Apyo hato. suratanI jillA pariSadamAM pramukhasthAne rahelA haidarAbAdanA jyarAmadAse sUcavyA pramANe 12 mI junane divasa "bAraDolI dina' tarIke UjavavAmAM AvyuM. sarakAre yukti-prayuktio ghaNuM ajamAvI joI, paNa emAM niSphaLatA maLI. bAraDelImAM lazkara mokalavAnI paNa taiyArI sarakAre rAkhI hatI. e vakhate gAMdhIjIe lekene saMbhavita goLIbAra sAme sahanazIlatA tyAga ane balidAnanI pharI kasoTI lIdhI hatI. vaDI

Page #61
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI dhArAsabhAnA pramukha viThThalabhAIe paNa vAIsayane patra lakhI sarakAra pitAne mArga badalaze nahi te pote paNa rAjInAmuM ApI laDatamAM joDAze evI cetavaNI ApI hatI. chevaTe sarakAranuM mAna rahe evI yojanA ghaDavAmAM AvI. vadhArAnuM mahesUla bharAI jAya te sarakAra tapAsa karavA taiyAra hatI evuM kahevAmAM AvyuM, paNa saradAra jUnA dhoraNe ja mahesUla bharAvavA taiyAra hatA. chevaTe je viTiAghATo thaI temAM jUnA dara pramANe mahesUla bharavAnuM, kedIone choDI mUkavAnuM, japta karelI jamIna pAchI ApavAnuM ane paTela-talATIone emanI nekarI para pAchA levAnuM svIkArAyuM. jenA para atyAcAro thayA hatA teonI tapAsa karavAno Agraha saradAre na rAkhe. Ama cha mahinAnI AkarI kasoTI pachI bAraDolInA kheDUtoe vijaya meLavyo. sarakAre tapAsa-paMca nImavAmAM vadhe nathI ema gaNuM be sabhyanuM nyAyakhAtAnA bumaphilDa ane kArobArI khAtAnA mekasavelanuM baneluM tapAsapaMca nImyuM. paMce 1 lI navembare kAmagIrI zarU karI. 1929nA phebruArI sudhImAM bAraDolI ane ceryAsI tAlukAomAM pharIne kAmagIrI pUrI karI. eNe samagra praznane abhyAsa karI mahesUlamAM savA cha TakAthI vadhu vadhAre thavo na joIe ema jAhera karyuM. Ama A satyAgrahane aMta prajAnI tarapheNamAM vijayamAM AvyuM. dezabharamAM gujarAtane prakhyAti apAvanAra, kheDUtone unnata mastaka rAkhI cAlavAnuM zIkhavanAra, dezane kuzaLa ane kAbela senApati pUro pADanAra ane satyAgrahanA prayoganAM vividha pAsAM vizva samakSa mUkanAra bAraDolI-satyAgraha abhUtapUrva banI rahyo. saradAra vallabhabhAIe e pahelAM lekone utsAhanA pATha bhaNAvyA pachI nAzI tyAga balidAnanA ane chevaTe vijayanA prasaMge namratAnA pATha zIkhavyA. emaNe A praznamAM pitAnI ajaba kunehabuddhi ane kAbeliyatathI. pitAnAmAM rahelI tejasvI netAgIrInAM darzana karAvyAM ane tethI ja eo "saradArane nAme oLakhAyA. bAraDolInI laData kaMI svarAjya mATe na hatI ke savinaya bhaMganA kAryakramanA bhAgarUpe paNa na hatI, e mAtra kheDUtonI phariyAda saMbhaLAvavA pUratI hatI. emAM sarakAra jakkI hatI te enI sAme kheDUte paNa jI hatA. emAM kheDUte eTale ke prajAne Arthika lAbha thayo ane prajAne AtmavizvAsa paNa vadhe. dezamAM eka navI ja zaktino saMcAra thayo. samagra dezane bAraDelIrUpa banAvI de

Page #62
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM (bAraDAlAIjha InDiyA) eTale ke bAraDolInI laDatanI zakti lAgu kare evAM bhAvanA ane nAda guMjatAM thayAM. gAMdhIjIe cIMdhelA mAthI bAraDeAlInI laDate leAkeAnI ane netAonI zraddhAne TakAvI, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa vadhu dRDha karI, e pachIthI keMoNMgresane pUrNa svarAjya prApta karavAnA TharAva karavA mATe baLa maLyuM. satyAgrahanI vAta mAtra Adarzamaya ja nathI, paNa pUrepUrI vyavahAru che evI pratIti badhAMne thaI rahI hatI. 37 dArUniSedha-pravRtti bAraDAlImAM jyAre satyAgrahanI laData cAlatI hatI tyAre surata jillAmAM ane enI AjubAjumAM dezI rAjyAnA vistAra mAM madyapAnaniSedhanI pravRtti calAvavA mATe saradAranA pramukhapade 'madyaniSedha maMDaLa' sthapAyuM hatu. mIThubahena piTITa e maMDaLanAM maMtrI hatAM. laData vakhate baheneAmAM eA pharatAM hatAM tyAre emane lAgatu hatuM ke surata jillA jevI dArU-tADInI badI dezamAM bIje kyAMya nahi hAya. dArUnAM pIThAMnA ghaNA mAlika pArasI hatA. dArUniSedhapravRtti sAthe veDha ane sastI majUrI sAme paNa jhuMbeza calAvavAnuM vicArAyuM hatuM. laData daramyAna A kSetramAM ghaNuM kAma thayuM ane laData pachI jillAnAM badhA kArya - kartAo mATe bhAge A kAma karavA mATe tyAM rokAyA hatA. jillAnI rAnIparaja ane kALI krAmamAM A pravRttine lIdhe navuM jIvana AvyuM hatuM. 1929 nA eprilamAM unAI(tA. vAMsadA, ji. valasADa)mAM bharAyelI rAnIparaja pariSadamAM saradAre vaDAdarA ane vAMsadA rAjyanI dArU aMgenI nItinI jhATakaNI sakhata zabdomAM kADhI hatI ane dArUnA dhaMdhAmAM paDelA pArasIone A dhaMdhAmAMthI dUra thavA ane AtmanirIkSaNa karavA salAha ApI hatI.58 lakaDiyA hiMma 1929 nA jAnyuArI AkharamAM gujarAtamAM sakhata hima paDayuM, jene kheDUtAe 'lakaDiyA hima' tarIke eLakhAvyuM. e samaye saradAre kheDUtane AzvAsana ApyuM ane sarakArane jamIna---mahesUla mulatavI rAkhavAne anurodha karI patravyavahAra calAvyAM. mahesUla mulatavI rAkhavAnA cAkhkhA kesa hatA, paNa 1929 nI meATI laData najIkamAM AvI rahI hatI eTale e prazna para satyAgraha karavAne badale sarakAra para bane teTaluM dabANa lAvI mAtara ane mahemadAvAdanA kheDUtAne rAhata apAvI hatI. A pachInA samayamAM gujarAtamAM thayelI satyAgraha-caLavaLA rASTriya svAtaMtryacaLavaLanA pravAhamAM ekarUpa banI gaI hatI.

Page #63
38 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI rASTriya caLavaLAmAM tathA gujarAta bahAranA sthAnika satyAgraheAmAM gujarAtanuM pradAna caMpAraNa satyAgraha (1917) 1916 mAM kaeNoNMgresanA lakhanau adhivezanamAM gAMdhIjIne javAnuM thayuM ane tyAM emane bihAranA caMpAraNu vibhAgamAM gaLInA vAvetara bAbatamAM sthAnika kheDUtA ane jamInadArA geArA leAkeA hatA temanI vaccenI samasyAne abhyAsa karavAnA prasaMga prApta thayA. caMpAraNamAM 'tIna-kaThiyA'nI ArUDha thayelA prathA nAbUda karavA, kheDUtAnA thatA zASaNanA aMta lAvavA ane emanI durdazAnu nivAraNa karavA gAMdhIjIe satyAgrahanI laData upADI. laData jema jema AgaLa vadhatI gaI tema tema gAMdhIjIe amadAvAdathI peAtAnA AzramI sAthIone emAM joDAvA mATe meAkalavA mAMDayA hatA. AmAM kastUrabA, mahAdevabhAI ane emanAM patnI durgAbahena, narahara parIkha ane emanAM patnI maNibahena vagerenA samAveza thatA hatA. eee tyAM gAmaDAMomAM saphAI karavAnI tema gharagaththu davAo ane zikSaNa ApavA jevI racanAtmaka kAmagIrI karI ane karAvI hatI. gAMdhIjIe sthAnika AgevAnAnI sahAyathI rAjakIya laDatamAM pratIkArAtmaka zakti vaDe saphaLatA prApta karI hatI. pariNAme 'tIna-kaThiyA'nA kAyadA rada karavAmAM AvyA hatA. A rIte caMpAraNanI prathama laData laDanArA gujarAtIe hatA ane gAMdhIjIe samagra dezane pratIkArAtmaka ane racanAtmaka evI dvimukhI satyAgrahanI zaktine paricaya karAvyA hatA. roleTa bila sAme satyAgraha (1919) prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna hiMdu-muslima ektA sadhAI ane khate kAmAe hiMdane sthAnika svarAjya ApavA ane sAmrAjyamAM bhAgIdArI ApavA anurodha karyo. pariNAme briTiza sarakAre hiMdanuM rAjakIya vAtAvaraNa gherAtuM joI menTegyU cemsapharDa sudhArA jAhera karyA (jUna 1918), paNa e meAhakarUpa nIvaDayA, enI AkhIya yeAjanA kAine saLaMga rUpe gamatI na hatI. keMgresamAM ja vividha mata paidA thayA hatA. yuddha pachI amerikA briTana vagere dezeAnA rAjanItijJAe prajAAnA svAtaMtrya-nirNayanA siddhAMtanI jAherAta karelI, e sadaMmAM hiMdanA netAoe paNa sarakArane prastuta sudhArAomAM pheraphAra karavA jaNAvyuM, paNu sarakAre avaLAM pagalAM levA mAMDayAM. briTananI khilAta ane turkastAna pratyenI avaLI nItinA kAraNe be muslima bhAIo-mahamadaalI ane zaukataalIe virAdha karatAM emanI dharapakaDa karAI. khIjI bAju krAMtikArI caLavaLA para aMkuza mUkavA

Page #64
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM 39 e rAleTa bila' vaDI dhArAsabhAmAM rajU karAyAM, paNa emAMnuM khIju bila paDatuM mukAyuM ane paheluM pasAra karAyuM, jenAthI krAMtikArI gunAo mATene nyAya nyAyAdhIza nakkI kare ane enA para apIla na thaI zake evI prabaLa sattA sarakArane prApta thaI. gAMdhIjIe dezabharamAM pharIne leAkamatane barAbara keLavyA ane e rAleTa kAyadA sAme dezamAM upavAsa prArthanA ane haDatAla mATe anurAdha karyA. 1919 nI 6 ThThI eprile dezabharamAM AvA satyAgrahanuM pAlana thayuM. ahiMsAthI dezanA itihAsamAM navA ja prakaraNane AraMbha thayA. sarakAre pujAbane pasaMda karI tyAM julma ane damana-nIti apanAvI, pariNAme keTalAka hiMsAtmaka banAva banyA. gAMdhIjI dilhI paheAMce e pahelAM sarakAre emanI dharapakDa karI, muMbaI laI jaI cheADI mUkayA. F o gAMdhIjInI dharapakaDanA samAcAra sAMbhaLIne amadAvAdamAM hullaDa yu., keTalAka aMgreja ane dezI amaladArAnAM khUna thayAM, vIramagAma ane niDayAdamAM tAAna thayAM, sarakArI kacerIe bALavAmAM AvI, relavenA pATA ukheDavAmAM AvyA. sarakAre tAkAnA aMge tapAsa karAvI ane niDayAda amadAvAda vIramagAma vagerenA lAMkA para daMDAtmaka verA nAkhyA. kalakattAmAM paNa ramakhANu thayuM hatuM, AthI gAMdhIjI muMbaIthI amadAvAda AvyA. tAkAnA mATe lokone Thapako ApI prAyazcittarUpe 24 kalAkanA upavAsa karavA sUcanA ApI ane emaNe chara klAkanA upavAsa karyA. e pachI muMbaI jaI rAleTa kAyadA sAmenI laData meAkUpha rAkhI. asahakAranI laData (1920-22) khilAta caLavaLanA praznamAM briTiza sarakAre muslimeAnI mAgaNI ane lAgaNIne ThukarAvatAM muslimeA nirAza thayA hatA. gAMdhIjI ane keMgresanI khilAkRta caLavaLamAM pUrI sahAnubhUti hatI ane e praznamAM gAMdhIjIe asahakAranuM AMdolana calAvavAnuM mAnya rAkhI kAryakrama jAhera karyo hatA (10 mArca, 1919). lAkAte ahiMsaka rIte kAma karavAnuM ane AtmabaLathI laDavAnuM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM. 6 ThThI eprilathI A satyAgraha zarU thayeA. 13 mI eprile jaliyAnavAlA bAga hatyAkAMDane banAva banyA. asahakAranuM AMdolana 1 lI oNgasTathI zarU thayuM. gAMdhIjI kaeNoNMgresanA baMdhAraNamAM rahIne laData calAvavAnI paddhati choDI daIne asahakAra ane satyAgrahanA nave mArga apanAvavA mAgatA hatA tethI kaeNoNMgresanI kalakattAnI asAdhAraNa kheTaka (sapTembara, 1920)mAM asahakAranA TharAva pasAra karAyeA. sarakAre asahakAranI caLavaLa pratye peAtAnI nIti jAhera karI. koMgrese enI 192 0 nI nAgapuranI beThakamAM asahakAranA TharAvane anumedana ApyuM, O

Page #65
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pariNAme hiMdanA itihAsamAM Adhunika yugane AraMbha thayeA. asahakAranu' AMdolana enA vividha rUpe cAlu thayuM. gAMdhIjIe peAte emane maLelA khitAbacAMda sarakArane pAchA sAMpyA. paradezI mAla, sarakArI zikSaNa--sa...sthAe, adAlatA, sarakArI nokarI temaja dhArAsabhAnA bahiSkAra karavAnuM emaNe leAkeAne jaNAvyuM tathA dArUbaMdhI aspRzyatAnivAraNa ane khAdI apanAvavA anurodha karyo. asahakAranA AMAlananI asara dezamAM vyApakapaNe dekhAI. rASTriya keLavaNInA kSetramAM parivartana AvyuM. rASTriya vidyAlayo ane vidyApITha sthapAyAM, jemAM 'gUjarAta vidyApITha' paNa eka hatI. darabArI ke ThakarAtI varga upara AnI asara thaI. DhasAnA darabAra gApALadAsa aMbAIdAsa desAIe peAtAnI gAdI cheADI ane ee asahakAranI laDatamAM joDAyA. emanAM patnI bhaktilakSmI paNa emanI sAthe joDAyAM. emaNe Atmabhega ApI srava ne preraNA ApavAnuM kAma karyuM" ane pachI teo svAtaMtrya--caLavaLamAM kAryarata rahyAM. 40 1921 mAM amadAvAdamAM kaoNMgresanuM 36 muM adhivezana thayuM. khurazITebalanI jagAe gAdI-takiyA gAThavAyA. khAdI ane grAmeAdyoganuM pradarzana yAAyu', koMgresanA varAyelA pramukha zrI dezabaMdhudAsanI dharapakaDa thatAM zrI hakIma ajamalakhAne pramukhapada saMbhALyuM. mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe asahakAranA mukhya TharAva rajU karyo. asahakAranI laData pUrajosamAM cAlatI hatI. kAyadAbhaMgane lIdhe sarakArI taMtra sthagita thaI gayuM hatuM ane vAisarAya sahita kArobArI taMtra mUMjhavaNamAM mukAyuM hatuM. 1922 nA phebruArInI pahelI tArIkhe bAraDAlImAM savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI laData pAte calAvaze evA irAdAnI gAMdhIjIe vAisaraoNyane ANu karI rAjakedIone cheDI mUkavA ane prajAnI svarAjyanI mAgaNI svIkAravA sAta divasanA samaya ApyA, paNa e samaya pUro thAya e pahelAM uttara pradezamAM caurIcArAnA hatyAkAMDa banyA. prajA haju asahakAra ane ahiMsAne a barAbara samajI nathI ane ahiMsaka laData mATe taiyAra nathI ema gAMdhIjIne samajAyuM. bAraDAlImAM 22 mI phebruArIe maLelI kaoNMgresanI kArAbArI samitie savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI laData mAkUpha rAkhavA pUratAM kAraNu gaNyAM ane e aMge TharAva karyA ane sabhA saraghasA jAherasabhA vagere kAryakramA baMdha karI devA Adeza ApyA. pariNAme 1920-1922nuM lAka-ma dezalana pUruM thayuM. suratamAM anAvila ane pATIdAronA AzramAnI rASTriya laDatamAM sArI kAmagIrI rahI. emanA AgevAno dayALajIbhAI, kalyANajIbhAI, Do. caMdulAla desAI vageree rUpiyA eka karoDanA phALAmAM peAtAnuM sarvasva arpaNa karyuM hatuM . F

Page #66
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM asahakAranI laData baMdha rahI, paNa ene aMta Avyo na hato. rASTriya laDatamAM gujarAte satyAgraha ane asahakAra karIne eka anokhI bhAta pADI hatI. nAgapura jhaMDA-satyAgraha (1923) 1922 nA oNgasTamAM jhaMDA satyAgrahanuM bIja jabalapuramAM ropAyuM. e samaye savinayabhaMga-tapAsasamiti jabalapura gaI hatI. tyAMnI sudharAIe hakIma ajamalakhAnane mAnapatra ApyuM. sugharAInA TAuna hola para yuniyana jaka caDAvavo ke yuniyana jeka sAthe koMgresane rASTriya dhvaja caDAvavo e prazna para vivAda thaye. vivAdanA aMte koMgresane rASTriya dhvaja caDAvavAmAM AvyuM A prazna para briTiza saMsadamAM praznottarI thaI ane e parathI hiMdanI sarakAre kaDaka nIti apanAvI. e pachInA banAvo ane prasaMgo jhaDapathI banatA gayA. saradAre gujarAta prAMtika samiti pAse TharAva karAvI nAgapura jhaMDA-satyAgraha mATe sainike mokalavAnuM nakkI karAvyuM. e anusAra mohanalAla paMDayA(DuMgaLIcora)nI AgevAnI nIce 75 svayaMsevakenI TukaDI taiyAra karIne mokalAI. e pachI dezanA tamAma prAMtamAMthI svayaMsevako mokalavAnA TharAva thayA ane TukaDIo roje roja nAgapura mokalAtI rahI ane emanI dharapakaDa thatI rahI. gujarAtanI TukaDImAM gokuladAsa talATI, ravizaMkara mahArAja vagere maLI kula 15 jaNa pakaDAyA ane emane darekane cha mAsanI sakhata kedanI ane eka mAsanI sAdI kedanI sajAo thaI hatI. 17 mI jUne sarakAre saraghasa ane jhaMDAbaMdhI AkhA sivila lAInsa vistAra uparAMta zahera-sugharAI sarahadane lAgu karI, chatAM satyAgrahIo AvatA rahyA. eo sarahadamAM praveza kare e pahelAM pakaDI levAtA. 3 jI julAIe De. caMdulAla desAInI AgevAnI heThaLa 45 jaNanI TukaDI nAgapura jatAM ja pakaDAI gaI. evI rIte amadAvAdathI dayAzaMkara bhaTTa ane parIkSitalAla majamUdAranI AgevAnI heThaLanI TukaDI nAgapura pahoMce e pahelAM pakaDI levAI. satyAgrahIone nAgapura jatA aTakAvavA sarakAre nAgapura javAnI relaveTikiTa na maLe evAM pagalAM levA mAMDyAM eTale amadAvAdathI sureMdrajInI sAta TukaDI pagaraste tyAM javA nIkaLI. Do. dhiyAnI saradArI nIce 48 nI TukaDI 31 mIe nAgapura pahoMcI ane pakaDAI gaI. have satyAgrahIonI TukaDIoe jUha badalya. eka ja jaNa eka vakhate dhvaja laIne jAya, jethI ene saraghasanI

Page #67
42 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vyAkhyAmAM samAveza na thAya. AthI eka vyaktine pakaDavI ke nahi ene maeNji sTreTane vicAra karavA paDayo. AvA sa MjogAmAM sarakAre rAjakIya kedIo para sakhatAI karI khUba pajavaNI karavAnI nIti apanAvI. koMgresa kArAbArIe have nAgapura jhaMDA-satyAgrahanuM sukAna saradAra vallabhabhAIne sAMpyuM saradAre julAInI 22 mIe nAgapura paheAMcI laDatane vyavasthita karI. strIonI TukaDInA paNa upayoga karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. daramyAna viThThalabhAIe dhArAsabhAmAM A satyAgraha pAchA kheMcAya e mATe sarakArane anurodha karatA TharAva pasAra karAvyA, paNa gavanare e rada karyA.64 sarakAra paNa A satyAgrahanuM svarUpa joI samAdhAna thAya e ma!Te Atura hatI, e aMge viThThalabhAI gavara ane saradAra vacce vATAghATA cAlI. sabhAsaraghasanA manAI hukamanI mukta pUrI thavAnA AgalA divase samAdhAna sadhAyuM. navA manAI hukama na nIkaLyA, paNa polIsa suparinTeDanTanI rA sivAya saraghasa nahi kADhavAnI jAherAta karAI hatI. saradAre seTI karavA patra lakhIne sivila lAinsamAMthI saraghasa kADhavuM ane pUrI zAMtithI e pasAra thaI khristI devaLa sudhI gayu` ema chatAM peAlIse kAI pagalAM na lIdhAM. Ama A jhaDA-satyAgrahanA vijaya thayA. saradAre jhaMDAsatyAgrahane pUrA thayelA jAhera karyo. A pachI saradAra vallabhabhAIe gujarAtanA karatAM rASTriya kakSAnA netA tarIke mahattvapUrNa bhAga bhajavavA mAMDayo. 1922 nA prAraMbhamAM sarakAre gAMdhIjIne pakaDayA. e pachI tarata ja saradAre gujarAtIo mATe nivedana pragaTa karI, ee gAMdhIjIne samaje e mATe 'sipAInI pharaja' jevA lekha lakhyA. emaNe gujarAtIne ane kArya karAne paradezI kApaDanA bahiSkAra, khAdInuM vecANu ane rASTriya zikSaNa vagere mATe kArya karavA anurodha karyo. e dizAmAM kAma paNa thayAM. gAMdhIjIe jelamAMthI chUTayA bAda gujarAtane ane gujarAtanI netAgIrIe karelAM racanAtmaka kAryone biradAvyAM ane saradArane emaNe 'kherasadanA rAja' tarIke oLakhAvyA. saradAre nAgapura jhaMDA-satyAgrahanA samayamAM kheArasada satyAgraha paNu saphaLatApUrvaka calAvyo hatA. 1924 mAM gAMdhIjI kaeNoNMgresanA pramukha banyA ane svarAjya-pakSane chUTA dara ApyA, paNa 1924 thI 1928 sudhInA samayamAM dezamAM eka prakAranI rAjakIya maMdI AvI gaI hatI, chatAM gujarAtamAM racanAtmaka kAryakramane saradAra vega ApatA rahyA hatA. dAMDIkUca (1930-31) 1929 nA DisembaramAM lAhAra khAte keMgresanA adhivezanamAM pUrNa svarAjyane TharAva thayA. 1930 nA jAnyuArInI 26 mI tArIkhe 'svAta'trya Tvina' UjavavAne

Page #68
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM 43 lakone anurodha karavAmAM Avyo. A samayamAM iMglenDamAM goLamejI pariSada bharavAnI yojanA sarakAre jAhera karI hatI. keMgresa emAM bhAga le e mATe gAMdhIjIe agiyAra muddA namUnArUpa rajU karyA, jemAM dArUniSedha hUMDiyAmaNa jamIna-mahesula mIThAve ane lazkarI kharcA saMbaMdhI bAbatone samAveza thato hato. AvI zarate maMjUra thatAM kesa goLamejI pariSadamAM bhAga laI zakaze ema emaNe vAIsaroyane jaNAveluM, paNa vAIsaroye e mATe koI bAhedharI na ApI ane jaNAvyuM ke badhA pakSa goLamejI pariSadamAM jAya ke na jAya, paNa pariSada yojAze ja. sarakAra satyAgrahI pravRtti dAbI daI kAyado ane vyavasthA sthApavA mATe badhAM ja pagalAM leze evI paNa emaNe cetavaNI uccArI hatI." AthI amadAvAdamAM 1930 nI phebruArInI 14 mIe maLelI koMgresanI kArobArI samitimAM sAmudAyika satyAgraha karavAne TharAva karAyo ane satyAgrahanI tamAma rItane emAM upayoga karavAnI ane laDatanuM sukAna saMbhALavAnI gAMdhIjIne saMpUrNa sattA ApavAmAM AvI. IMglenDamAM koMgresanA A TharAvanA avaLA pratyAghAta paDyA ane gAMdhIjI sahitanA tamAma AgevAnane pakaDI levAnI salAha tyAM apAvA lAgI. A bAju saradAra, javAharalAla naheru ane anya AgevAne dezamAM prajAnI vacce jaIne AvanArI ahiMsaka laDatane khyAla ApI jarUrI sUcanAo ApatA hatA. gAMdhIjIe vAIsa ya lorDa Irvinane AkharInAmuM kahI zakAya te eka patra lakhe (2 jI mArca), je atihAsika banI rahyo. emAM hiMdanI prajA sAthe saMgharSa TALavA anurodha karyo ane ema na thAya te huM 12 mI mArce satyAgraha zarU karIza ema jaNAvyuM hatuM. Ama eka bAju laDatanI pUrI jhINavaTathI taiyArI cAlI rahI hatI ane bIjI bAju AkharI salA mATe vAIsaroyane AkharInAmuM apAyuM hatuM. laDatane muddo garIba ane tavaMgara saune ekasarakhI rIte lAgu pADanArA mIThAverAne banAvyuM. dasa pAInA mIThA para baso pAInI jakAta sarakAre nAkhI hatI. kAyadAne pote prathama bhaMga kare ane pachI samagra prajAmAM ene vyApaka bhaMga thAya evI gAMdhIjInI khullI yojanA hatI. - satyAgrahane AraMbha sAbaramatI AzramathI gAMdhIjI potAnA 81 sainiko sAthe nIkaLIne kare ema nakkI thayuM. e kUca kheDA jillAnA berasada tAlakAnA mahI nadInA kAMThA para AvelA badalapura sudhI laI jaI tyAM agnithI dariyAnuM pANuM ukALI emAMthI mIThuM banAvavAnI yejanA vicArAI, paNa suratanA kAryakartA kalyANajIbhAI mahetAnAM sUcana ane AgrahathI satyAgrahI kUcane surata

Page #69
44 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jillAne vIMdhIne dariyAkinAre laI javAnuM nakakI karAyuM. pasaMdagI samitie tIthala dharAsaNa lasuMdarA karADI ane dAMDInAM sthaLomAMthI chevaTe dAMDI para pasaMdagI utArI. sAbaramatIthI dAMDI javAne mArga paNa nizcita karAyo. 27 sAta sAta saphaLa satyAgraha karI cUkelI gujarAtanI prajAe lAyakAta prApta karI hovAthI A rASTriya kakSAnA satyAgrahanI yajJavedI banavA gujarAta tatpara thaI gayuM. laDatanI pUrva taiyArIo karI levAmAM AvI. AvA jaMgI yuddhanA samAcAra dezabharamAM ane paradezomAM pahoMcI gayA. svinjharlenDa jevA yuropIya dezathI phoTo pADavA patrakAro AvI pahoMcyA hatA. keTalAka gerA paNa AvyA hatA. 12 mI mArce kUca zarU thavAnI hatI. sarakAranA maMtavya pramANe gAMdhIjI karatAM saradAra vadhu khataranAka hatA ethI emanI 7mI mArce kheDA jillAnA rAsa gAmethI dharapakaDa karI, emane borasada laI jaI emanA para nATayAtmaka ane hAMsIrUpa kesa calAvI sajA karI. AnI asara gAmaleke para bhAre thaI. tyAMnA badhA jamInadAre ane amaladAre vizeSa hakaka bhogavatA hatA. emaNe AnA virodhamAM rAjInAmAM ApI dIdhAM. A ja gAmamAMthI 500 vyaktioe svayaMsevaka tarIke nAma noMdhAvyAM hatAM. saradAra para kesa calAvI sarakAre pakSa rIte lekane ugra laData ApavA mATe vadhu uttejita karyA hatA ema kahI zakAya. nakkI karyA mujaba gAMdhIjIe 12 mI mArce sAbaramatI AzramathI aitihAsika kUca AraMbhI. kUcanA mArga paranAM gAmamAM sabhAo bharAtI. gAMdhIjI emanAM bhASaNomAM lekene mIThAnA kAyadAne savinaya bhaMga samajAvI navI navI rIte svarAjya-laData ane satyAgrahanuM mahattva samajAvatA rahyA. Ama eo tA. 5 mI eprile dAMDI pahoMcyA ane bIje divase savAre dariyAkinAre jAmelA mIThAnI capaTI upADI ane mIThAne kAyade teDyo. briTiza sAmrAjyanI vizALa imAratanA pAyAmAM jANe A rIte lUNe lagADyo. e pachI emaNe dAMDI vijalapura karADI vagere sthaLoe uttejanAtmaka bhASaNa karavA mAMDyAM chatAM sarakAre emanI dharapakaDa na karI ane emane thakavavAnI cAlabAjI karI. dezabharamAM mIThAnA AvA satyAgraha thayA. lekene jusso TakAvI rAkhavA ane sarakArane pagalAM levAnI pharaja paDe e mATe gAMdhIjIe dharAsaNanA mIThAnA agaro para ahiMsaka halle laI javAnuM nakkI karyuM eTale emanI dharapakaDa 5 mI menA roja karavAmAM AvI. ahIMthI dharAsaNane satyAgraha zarU thayo. dAMDIkUcanA paDaghA IglenDa amerikA jApAna ane bIjA dezamAM paDyA hatA. 24 divasamAM lagabhaga 388 kilomITara (241

Page #70
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM mAIla) jeTalI kUca karavAmAM AvI hatI. dezabharamAM mIThAnA kAyadAnA vyApaka rIte bhaMga zarU thaI gayA hatA. lekA mIThuM pakavatA ane AgevAnA enuM jAhera lIlAma karatA ane leAkeA e kharIdIne kAyadAnA khullI rIte bhaMga karatA. Ama dezamAM savinaya kAnUnabhaMganI laData cAtarapha vyApI gaI. 68 45 dharAsaNAnA satyAgraha gAMdhIjInI dharapakaDa pachI abbAsa sAheba, narahari parIkha ane anya netAoe dharAsaNAnI laData calAvI. mIThAnA agarA lUTavA e satyAgrahI sainikAnI TukaDIo laI gayA. peAlIseAnA mArathI tyAM narahira parIkha sArI rIte ghavAyA ane svayaMsevA paNa ghavAyA. e pachI sarojinI nAyaDu paNa dharAsaNA gayAM9 ane tyAM emaNe sArI laData ApI. traNa hAra jeTalA svayaM sevakA gabhIra rIte ghavAyA hatA. A laData daramyAna baheneAe paradezI kApaDa ane dArUnI dukAnanuM pikeTiMga karavAnuM kArya mIThubahena piTITa jevAnI AgevAnI nIce ' hatuM. baheneAe A laDatamAM peAtAnI zaktinAM pArakhAM karAvyAM hatAM. khAlI ane rAsa mIThA-satyAgrahanA samayamAM bAraDAlInA kAryakartA kuMvarajIbhAI ane emanA sAthIoe bAraDAlI tAlukAmAM nAkaranI laData calAvavAnuM nakkI karyuM. gAMdhIjI jyAre bahAra hatA tyAre AvI laData calAvavA kuMvarajIbhAIe maMjUrI mAgI hatI, paNa pIDha AgevAnAnI gerahAjarImAM AvI laData calAvavA gAMdhIjIne jokhama lAgatuM hatuM, paNa e vakhate saradAre sa Mmati ApI hatI eTale mIThA-satyAgrahanI laDatamAM jyAre gAMdhIjI ane saradAra jelamAM hatA tyAre kuMvarajIbhAIe kheDUtAnI sabhA kheAlAvI ane nAkarane TharAva pasAra karAvI jIvaNabhAI merArajIbhAI khuzAlabhAI vagerenI madadathI nAkara laData AraMbhI. kAryakartAoe bhUgarbha mAM rahI cAmAsAnA varasAdanA divaseAmAM kheDUtAnI gharavakharI pAsepAsenAM gAyakavADa rAjyanI hadamAM AvelAM gAmAmAM khaseDAvI lIdhI. A hijarata 1930 nA eNkaTAbaranA madhyabhAgathI zarU thaI te 1931nI 15 mArca sudhI cAlu rahI. e samayamAM kheDUtA hijaratamAM rahyA. bina-kheDUtAe hijarata karI na hatI, kheDUtAe peAtAnI jamInamAM vAvaNI karI hatI, paNa pAka taiyAra thatA e madharAte AvIne laNaNI karIne jatA rahetA. kheDUtAnI A laData pAMca-cha mahinA cAlI. gAdhIjI ane saradAra bAraDeAlI AvyA tyAre hijaratIone mAnabhera emanA vatanamAM pAchA lAvavAmAM AvyA hatA.

Page #71
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI netAonI gerahAjarImAM bAraDolInI jema carotaranA rAsa gAmanA lekee paNa sthAnika nAnAmoTA netAonAM pretsAhana ane preraNAthI tathA ApasUjhathI nAkaranI laData ApI hatI emAM prajAe mahesUla na bharyuM, sarakArI karmacArIo ane amaladArone bahiSkAra karyo ane jarUra paDatAM gAmamAMthI hijarata paNa karI hatI. A svayaMbhU laDate dilhI sarakAranuM ja nahi, paNa iMglenDamAM paNa agraNI netAonuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM ane AmasabhA(hAusa opha kensamAM)mAM e aMge praznottarI paNa thaI hatI.70 viramagAma-dholerA satyAgraha 1930nA mIThA-satyAgrahanI laDatamAM bhAga levA saurASTranA juvAne sajaja thaI hukamanI AturatApUrvaka rAha jotA hatA, AthI gujarAta prAMtika samitie viramagAma ane dholerAnA be maracA khelyA. maNilAla kaThArIe vIramagAmane morace ane amRtalAla zeThe dholerAne mero saMbhALyo. viramagAmanA satyAgraha mATenI chAvaNa vaDhavANa kempamAM nakhAI hatI. maNilAla koThArI, phUlacaMdabhAI zAha vagerenI AgevAnI nIce bhAvanagara jorAvaranagara vaDhavANa ane anya vistAromAMthI AvelA svayaMsevakoe satyAgraha karyo. AraMbhamAM pilIse netAone pakaDIne choDI devAnI nIti apanAvI, paNa pAMceka divasa bAda mAra mAravAnI ane mIThuM jhUMTavI levAnI nIti apanAvI. viramagAma uparAMta pATaDI, naLakAMThAnI zAhapuranI khADI, khArAdhoDA jevAM sthaLoe satyAgrahI caLavaLa karavAmAM AvI. viramagAmamAM pilIse atyAcAra karyA hatA.9 jenA pratye gAMdhIjIe vAIsaroyanuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM. mahAdevabhAI ane nAnAbhAI bhaTTe A atyAcAranI tapAsa karI jaNAvyuM hatuM ke zAhapuramAM karavAmAM Avele julma dharAsaNA-satyAgraha karatAM ocho na hato. viramagAma-satyAgraha dasa mahinA (1930nA eprilathI 1931 nA jAnyuArI sudhI cAlyo hate. dholerA-satyAgrahamAM amadAvAda jillAnA kAryakaro uparAMta saurASTranA kAryakaro hatA, jemAM amRtalAla zeTha, baLavaMtarAya mahetA, mehanalAla mahetA, rasikalAla parIkha, jhaveracaMda meghANI vageree mahatvane AgaLa paDato bhAga bhajavyA hatA. dholerA uparAMta baravALA dhaMdhukA rANapura vagerenA nAgariko paNa A satyAgrahamAM sAmela thayA hatA. sarakAre japtI daMDa lAThImAra ane jelanI sajAo karI satyAgraha kacaDI nAkhavA prayAsa karyA. satyAgrahanAM sthaLoe aMgreja adhikArIo ane emanA madadanIzoe satyAgrahIo para julma

Page #72
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM 47 gujAryA hatA. jhaveracaMda meghANIe A satyAgraha daramyAna dharapakaDa svIkArI dhaMdhukAnI korTamAM maeNjisTreTa IsarANI samakSa emanuM prakhyAta rASTragIta bulaMda avAje gAIne sahune pigaLAvI nAkhyA hatA. briTiza sarakAra eka varSanI laDatathI evI hacamacI gaI hatI ke vAIsaroya laI Irvine gAMdhIjI sAthe suleha karI, pariNAme gAMdhI-ivina karAra thayA (1931 mArca-5) ane AMdolana zAMta paDayuM. gAMdhIjIe bIjI geLamejI pariSadamAM lanDanamAM hAjarI ApI, paNa kaMI meLavyA vagara pAchA AvyA. e pachI navA vAIsaroya lorDa viliMgDananA samayamAM gAMdhIjI saradAra vallabhabhAI vagere netAonI dharapakaDa thaI ane sarakArI julama ane damanane dora vadhatA gayA, jyAre prajA taraphathI ene gAMdhIjIe batAvelI paddhatiothI pratIkAra thato rahyo. sthAnika svarAjyanI saMsthAo ane asahakAranI caLavaLa gujarAtamAM gAMdhIjInI asahakAranI caLavaLa ghaNuM kSetrane asara karI gaI emAM sarakArI aMkuza dharAvatI ane anudAna rakama meLavatI amadAvAda naDiyAda ane suratanI sthAnika svarAjya saMsthAo eTale ke zahera-sudharAIoe petAnuM pradAna phakta prAthamika keLavaNInA kSetre sarakAra sAthe asahakAra karIne kevI rIte ApyuM e noMdhapAtra che. amadAvAda 1920 mAM nAgapura koMgresamAM asahakArane TharAva pasAra thayA pachI sarakArI saMsthAone bahiSkAra karavAne kAryakrama amalamAM Ave tyAre amadAvAda sudharAIe paNa pitAnI maryAdAmAM rahI pitAnA adhikArakSetranI prAthamika zALAone e lAgu karavAnuM ane e mATe sarakAranI anudAna(grAnTa)-sahAya bilakula na levAnuM ane sarakArI zikSaNa khAtAne koI paNa aMkuza na svIkAravAnuM nakkI karyuM" (tA. 3-2-18ra1). e pachI kalekaTara ane DepyuTI ejyukezanala inspekaTara tathA sudharAI vacce parIkSAo para nirIkSaNa, rajAo, hisAbe tapAsavA ane nItiviSyaka muddAo para patravyavahAra thatA rahyA, paNa sudharAI-sabhAsade makkama rahyA, sarakArane namatuM na ApyuM ane karelA TharAvane amala karyo. sarakAre sudharAInI zALAomAMthI vidyArthIone ane emanA vAlIone sarakArI zALAo tarapha vALavA niSphaLa prayAsa karyA. laDatanA dareka tabakake sudharAI-sabhAsadone saradAra vallabhabhAI ane anya keMgresI netAonuM sAcuM ane tAtkAlika mArgadarzana maLI rahetuM

Page #73
48 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sarakAre prastuta prazna para amadAvAda sudharAIne baratarapha karI (tA. 8-2-1922), te sudharAIe prAthamika keLavaNI sarakAra hastaka cAlI na jAya e mATe eka prajAkIya prAthamika keLavaNI maMDaLanI sthApanA karI ane paMdara divasamAM ja 33 jeTalI navI alaga zALAo kholI ane vArSika parIkSAo paNa lIdhI. pAchaLathI zALAonI saMkhyA 4ra nI thaI ane emAM 8,400 jeTalA vidyArthI abhyAsa karatA hatA. bIjI bAjue sarakAre nImelI samitinI pa7 zALAomAM 1600 thI 1,700 jeTalA kula vidyArthI hatA. chevaTe sarakAra sudharAI sAme hArIne thAkI gaI. rAjakIya vAtAvaraNa badalAtAM amadAvAda sudharAIne pharI pAchI astitvamAM ANI (tA. 21924). Ama chatAM navI sudharAIe keLavaNI maMDaLanI zALAo cAlu rAkhI ane deDha lAkha rUpiyAnI nibhAva anudAna-sahAya ApI. sudharAI sAthe samAdhAna karavAnA zubha irAdAthI muMbaI sarakAranA keLavaNuM khAtAnA niyAmaka mi. lerIe saMniSTha prayAso karyA. emaNe jAte amadAvAda AvI samAdhAna karyuM. pariNAme keLavaNI maMDaLanI badhI zALA baMdha karAI. zikSakonI karI tema pagAra ane rajAo saMbaMdhamAM paNa sukhada ukela lavAyo. ema chatAM sarakAranA parAjita thayelA keLavaNa khAtAe eka nave muddo Ubho karyo. amadAvAda sudharAIe jyArathI (tA. 1-3-19ra1 thI) sarakArI keLavaNI khAtAne parIkSA ane nirIkSaNane aMkuza na svIkAravAno TharAva karyo tyArathI zarU karIne sarakAre sudharAI zALAone kabajo lIdhe tyAM sudhInA (tA. 17-121921 sudhInA) samaya daramyAna sudharAIe pitAnA bhaMDoLamAMthI keLavaNI maMDaLane ApelI anudAna rakamane beTa ane geraupayoga karyAno AkSepa karI rU. 1,68,600 nI rakama asahakArane TharAva karanArA 19 sudharAI sabhAsada pAsethI vasUla levA adAlatamAM dA mAMDyo, paNa sudharAIe prAthamika zALAo calAvI zikSaNa ApavAnuM je kArya karyuM che te enA adhikArakSetra bahAranuM TharatuM nathI ane karele kharca e nANane durupayega che ema na kahevAya e cukA de adAlate sarakAra viruddha Ape. sarakAre hAIkorTamAM apIla karI, paNa emAM paNa e hArI gaI. naDiyAda naDiyAda sudharAIe amadAvAda sudharAI karatAM paNa vahelI laData zarU karI hatI (tA. 1-10-1920). pitAnA hastakanI prAthamika zALAone asahakArI karI nAkhavA lekamata keLavya. saradAra vallabhabhAIe asahakAra karavAnAM jokhame ane javAbadArIone khyAla ApA mArgadarzana ApyuM. kheDA jillAnA kalekaTare

Page #74
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM 48 paNa sarakArI anudAna-sahAya ane aMkuza na svIkArI asahakAranuM pagaluM' nA levA samajAvyuM. ema chatAM sudharAI sabhAsadee makkama rahI sAmAnya sabhAmAM asahakAra karavAne TharAva karyo (8mI okaTobara). eNe pitAnI zALAo mATe navesara abhyAsakrama taiyAra karyo ane zALAone gUjarAta vidyApITha sAthe joDavAnuM nakakI karI amala zarU karyo. racavAmAM AvelA rASTriya keLavaNI maMDaLe 54 zALA calAvI. sarakArI nokarImAM cAlu rahIne vaphAdArI batAvanArA zikSakone sarakAre ApelI khAtarI mujaba naDiyAdamAM ja rAkhavAnI sarakArane pharaja paDI. sarakAre pitAnA khace zALAe khelI, paNa vidyAthIonI jUja sa khyAne lIdhe badhA zikSakane pUratuM kAma na ApI zakAyuM. jyAM sudharAInI zALAo cAlatI hatI te traNa makAna sarakArI mAlikInAM che ema kAyadesara batAvI baLajabarIthI e makAnane kabaje sarakAre lIdhe, paNa chevaTe emAM enI nAlezI thaI ane makAne pAchAM sudharAIne soMpavAnI pharaja paDI. asahakAra batAvatI amadAvAda surata ane naDiyAdanI sudharAIone pitAnI bhUla sudhAravA sarakAre 1921 okaTobaranI 17 mI tArIkhanI mudata ApI hatI. naDiyAda sudharAIe tAtkAlika pagalAM laI tA. 16 mI ekiTobare ja TharAva karIne sthAnika zikSaNa samitine zALAone badho havAlo soMpyuM ane rU. 2,500nI anudAna sahAya ApavA TharAvyuM. sarakAre e rakama ApavA na dIdhI ane pitAnA vahIvaTa heThaLanI zALAone kharca, sudharAInuM bhaMDoLa je pitAnA hastaka hatuM temAMthI, kApI levA mAMDyo. sarakAre sudharAInI cUMTaNI pharIthI karAvI (navembara, 1922), chatAM paNa navA sabhAsadomAM pramukha sahita vIsa sabhyo asahakArI valaNavALA hatA. sudharAInA tAbAnI zALAone kharca leka pAsethI ugharAvIne karavAmAM AvatA. sudharAIne namAvavA mATe sarakAre amadAvAda sudharAInI jema kAyadAne Azraya lIdho. sudharAI-pramukha sahita bIjA dasa sabhyoe sarakArI aMkuza na svIkArI sudharAInI zALAo je samaya daramyAna (eTale ke tA. 15-2-1921 thI tA. 5-1-1922 sudhI) calAvI hatI te samaya daramyAna thayelA kharcanI rakama rU. 17,067-7- vasUla levA adAlatamAM dA mAMDyo. bIjI tarapha sudharAIne enA manasvI vartana badala baratarapha karavA jevI paristhiti sarakAre niyukta sabhyo

Page #75
50. AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI nImIne UbhI karI. saradAranI salAhathI kara nahi bharavAnI laData eka varSa cAlI. adAlatamAM kesa cAlI jatAM sudharAInA zikSaNa ApavAnA hakkane adAlate svIkAryo, paNa abhyAsakramamAM mULabhUta rIte pheraphAra karela hato evA muddA para sarakAranI tarapheNamAM cukAdo ApyA. AmAM agiyAra sudharAI sabhyane javAbadAra gaNI kharca ane rU. 12,296-2-0nI rakamanuM hukamanAmuM sarakArane karI ApyuM. sabhAsadoe hAIkorTamAM apIla karatAM nIcalI adAlatane cukAde mAnya rahyA. hukamanAmAnI rakama tathA kharcanI maLIne lagabhaga paNa be lAkhanI rakama leke pAsethI tathA vepArIo para lAgA nAkhIne ane bahAragAma vasatA naDiyAdanA vatanIo pAsethI phALA tarIke ugharAvIne UbhI karavAmAM AvI hatI. surata surata sudharAIe paNa nAgapuramAM maLelI keMgresanA TharAva anusAra sudharAInI zALAone sarakAranA aMkuzamAMthI mukta karavA TharAvyuM (tA. 4-7-1921) ane amadAvAda tathA naDiyAda sudharAIonI jema kAryavAhI zarU karI. sarakAre potAnA kharce zALAo kADhI ane sudharAInI zALAonI vyavasthA tUTI paDe evA prayAsa karyA. sudharAIne pitAnI bhUla sudhAravA amadAvAda-naDiyAdanI jema Adeza Aye. surata sudharAIe paNa sthAnika rASTriya keLavaNI maMDaLa UbhuM karI zALAo ene seMpI dIdhI ane kharca mATe rU. 40,000 nI anudAna-sahAya rakama sarakAre Apele manAI hukama maLe e pahelAM rASTriya keLavaNuM maMDaLane soMpI dIdhI. e pachI sarakArI kaDaka pagalAMone dera zarU thaye, paNa sudharAIe ene makkamatApUrvaka sAmane karyo ane eka virodhI pagaluM bharyuM. sarakAra sudharAInI zALAone kabaje na le e mATe zALAomAM eka mahinAnI rajAo jAhera karI ane zALAnA zikSakane amadAvAdamAM maLanArA koMgresa adhivezanamAM bhAga levA javuM hoya te jaI zake evI chUTa ApI. sarakAra mATe sudharAInuM A pagaluM asahya banI rahyuM. gAMdhIjIe A mATe sudharAIne abhinaMdana ApyAM hatAM.73 sarakAre sudharAIne baratarapha karatAM hatA. 2-12-1922) nAkaranI laData calAvavAmAM AvI, je 1923 mAM joradAra banI hatI. sudharAIne amadAvAda ane naDiyAdanI jema zikSA karavA mATe sarakAre adAlatamAM dAvo mAMDyo emAM sudharAI pramukha ane bIjA trIsa sabhAsadee tA. 4-7-1921 thI tA. 17-1ra-1921 sudhI sarakAranA aMkuza vagara calAvelI zALAo pAchaLa kharcelI rakama rU. 67,803-6-3 ane rASTriya keLavaNI maMDaLane ApelI anudAna-sahAyanI rakama rU. 40000 maLI kula

Page #76
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM 51 rU. 107,903-6-3 nI rakama sudharAI-bhaMDALamAMthI kheMcIe enA khATA ane gerakAyade upayoga karyo hatA evI rajUAta adAlatamAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. A kesamAM adAlate mAtra rU. 40,000 nI anudAnanI rakama mATe sudharAInA sabhAsadone dASita gaNI eTalI rakamanuM hukamanAmuM sarakArane karI ApyuM. gAMdhIjIe hukamanAmAnI A rakamanI javAbadArI suratanA asahakArIzaherIA paranI gaNAvI hatI.74 alabatta, A rakama mATe paNa naDiyAda sudharAInI jema ugharANuM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. sarakAre 1925 mAM suratanI prajAnI sudharAI pAchI ApI tyAre rASTriya keLavaNI maMDaLe peAtAnI zALAe paNa sudharAIne pAchI sAMpI. Ama gujarAtanI traNe zahera-sudharAIonI laData sAcA sthAnika svarAjyanA sattA ane javAbadArI darzAvavA mATenI banI rahI. alabatta, emAM mAtra prAthamika keLavaNInA adhikAra sthAnika sudharAInA hatA ane ene adAlate mAnya rAkhyA hatA e mukhya muddA para laDatA calAvavAmAM AvI hatI. laData mAtra te te kSetra pUratI ja maryAdita rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. e laDatAmAM zikSakone kaMI ne kaMI bhAga ApavA paDayo, emAMthI emane kiMmatI tAlIma maLI. vaLI sthAnika svarAjyanA vahIvaTamAM leAkeAne rasa letA karavAnA ane peAtAnA zaheranA vahIvaTanA peAte mAlika thaI zake che evAM sabhAnatA ane AtmavizvAsa preravAnA A saphaLa prayAga hatA ema jarUra kahI zakAya. 1927 nA julAImAM surata khAte pahelI sthAnika svarAjaya pariSada saradAra vallabhabhAInA pramukhapade yazAI hatI temAM sarakAranI nIti sudharAIne madada karavAne badale sudharAIonAM kAmeAmAM avarodha nAkhavAnI rahI hatI enI sakhata jhATakaNI saradAre kADhI hatI.75 1. pATIpa Government of Bombay-Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement in India, (SMHFMI) Vol, II : 1885-1920 p. 600 2. vallabhadAsa akkaDa,'svAtaMtryasa'grAmane| eka saikA', "gujarAta eka paricaya', pR. 630-631 3, SMHFMI, Vol. II, pp. 557 ff.

Page #77
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 4. paTTAbhI sItArAmaiyA, "mahAsabhAne ItihAsa', pR. 17ra 5. ejana, pR. 172-73 6. vallabhadAsa akaDa, uparyukta, gujarAta eka paricaya', pR. 634 7. sItArAmaiyA, uparyukta, pR. 188 8. aMbAlAla nA. jozI, "mahAtmA gAMdhI'-bhAga 1, pR. 244 8mehanadAsa ka. gAMdhI, "AtmakathA', pR. 39 10. narahari dvArakAdAsa parIkha, "saradAra vallabhabhAI, bhAga 1, pR. 68 11. ejana, pR. 60 12. ejana, pR. 7ra 13. ejana, pR 74 14. sItArAmaiyA, uparyukta, pR. 281 15. javAharalAla naheru, "mAruM hiMdanuM darzana" (gujarAtI anuvAda), pR. 487 16. kapilarAya mahetA, "gujarAtanuM patrakAratva", "gujarAta eka darzana"--khaMDa 2, | pR. 65 17. me. ka. gAMdhI, uparyukta, pR. 47ra-473 18. sItArAmaiyA, uparyukta, pR. 243 19. aMbAlAla nA. jozI, "mahAtmA gAMdhI-bhAga 2, pR. 167-168 20. S. N. Bhattacharya, Mahatma Gandhi-The Journalist, p. 36 21. ratanajI rustamajI mArzala, "gujarAtI patrakAratvane ItihAsa', pR. 24ra 243 22. me. ka. gAMdhI, uparyuMkata, pR. 474 23. hIrAlAla tribhuvanadAsa pArekha, "arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana', pR. 511 28. Bhattacharya, op. cit., p. 156 25. Ibid, pp. 185 f. 26. kapilarAya mahetA, gujarAta eka darzana'-khaMDa 2, pR. 67 27, ratanajI ru. mArzala, uparyukta, pR. 190-191 28, tA. 10-1-193ra thI tA. 17-1933 sudhI 29. yAsina dalAla, "akhabAranuM avalokana', pR. 13 30, ejana, pR. 112 31. ejana, pR. 115 3ra, ejana, pR. 125 33, ratanajI ru. mArzala, uparyukta, pR. 256

Page #78
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM 53 34. hIrAlAla tri. pArekha, uparyukta, pR. 478 35. maganabhAI desAI, gAMdhIyuga", "gujarAta eka paricaya", pR. 37 36. hIrAlAla tri. pArekha, uparyukta, pR. parara 37, ejana, pR. 478 38. sItArAmaiyA, uparyukta, pR. 282-286 39, narahari dvA. parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 146 40. ejana, pR. 244-245 41, ejana, pR. 360 82. FR. C. Majumdar, 'The Press', "Struggle For Freedom", [p. 1020 43, cinubhAI pu. zAha, vyAyAmapracAranAM pacAsa varSa, "gujarAta, eka paricaya", pR. 683 44, nArAyaNa desAI, "gujarAtanAM satyAgraha Adelane', "gujarAta eka darzana-" khaMDa 1, pR. 214 45. mo. ka. gAMdhI, uparyukta, pR. 382 46. aMbAlAla na. jozI, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 251 47, zAMtilAla baeNnkara, "gAMdhIjI ane majUrapravRtti', pR. 25 thI 30 48. sItArAmaiyA, uparyukta, pR. 206 49. mo. ka. gAMdhI, uparyukta, pR. 438 50. narahari dvA. parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 115 51. mo. ka. gAMdhI, uparyukta, pR. 441-44ra para, zAMtilAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 181 53. narahari dvA. parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 325-328 54. sItArAmaiyA, uparyukta, pU. 321-324 55. narahari dvA. parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 389 pa. nArAyaNa desAI, "gujarAtanAM satyAgraha Adelane', "gujarAta darzana" khaMDa 1, pR. 237 pa7. sItArAmaiyA, uparyukta, pR. 435-436 58. narahari dvA. parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 466-468 59, zAMtilAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 105-110 60. R. C. Majumdar, "Annus Mirabilis'-1919, "Struggle for Freedom," op. cit, p. 302

Page #79
54 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 61. zAMtilAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 141 dara, rAmanArAyaNa nA. pAThaka, "saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela', pR. 128 63. ejana, pR. 134 64. narahari ThA. parIkha, pR. 261-66 65. kalyANajIbhAI vi. mahetA, ane IzvaralAla I. desAI, "dAMDIkUca', pR. 13 6. ejana, pariziSTa 10, pR. 28 67, ejana, 5, 23 $1. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Vol. II (English Translation), pp. 1 f. 69, IzvaralAla I. desAI, dharAsaNAnI zauryagAthA, pU. pa-21 70. zAMtilAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 23ra-ra34 71, kAMtilAla ma, zAha, "vIramagAma satyAgraha', pR. 26-33 72. navajIvana, tA, 25-619rara 73. narahari parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 217 74, navajIvana, tA. 15-6-1924 75. narahari parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 1, pR. 367

Page #80
prakaraNa 3 rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM | (I. sa. 193ra-47) 1932 satyAgraha bIjI goLamejI pariSadamAMthI gAMdhIjI khAlI hAthe 28-12-31 nA roja lanDanathI pAchA pharI muMbaI UtaryA. muMbaInA rokANa daramyAna prAMtanA AgevAnee gAMdhI-Irvina karArane bhaMga karIne damanane dera sarakAre chUTa mUkI dIdho hato evI phariyAda karI hatI. traNa vaTahukama A aMge bahAra pADyA hatA, je uparyukta karAranA bhaMga samAna hatA. dArUnA pIThAM ane paradezI kApaDanA vecANa aMge karAtA pikeTiMga aMge amaladAroe muzkelI UbhI karI hatI. laData daramyAna je mukhIeAe rAjInAmAM ApyAM hatAM temane khAlI jagyA hoya te pAchA samAvavAnA hatA, paNa A khAtarInuM pAlana thayuM na hatuM. 1930-31 nA satyAgraha daramyAna gujarAtamAM karela atyAcAra aMge tapAsa karavAnI khAtarI sarakAre gAMdhIjIne bIjI goLamejI pariSadamAM hAjarI ApavA gayA te pUrve ApI hatI. A tapAsa daramyAna sarakAre bahAra pADela vaTahukamo rajU karavA bhUlAbhAI desAIe koMgresa pakSa taraphathI mAgaNI karI che e nakArAI hatI ane e kAraNe koMgresa pakSa tapAsamAMthI khasI gayo hato. A badhAM kAraNosara paristhiti pheTaka banI hatI. gAMdhIjIe AthI vAIsaroya lairDa viliMgDanane rUbarU maLavA mAgaNI karI, paNa e nakArAI. ema chatAM 29-12-31 nA roja A aMge gAMdhIjIe tAra karyo. sarakAre emanAM pagalAMone bacAva karate vaLato tAra karyo. 31-12-31 nA roja maLela koMgresanI kArobArIe emanI phariyAda sarakAra na sAMbhaLe ne nyAya na maLe te pharI laData calAvavA nakakI karyuM ane prajAne kAryakramanI jANa karI. gAMdhIjI ane vAIsarAya vacce vadhu tAronI Apale thaI, paNa pariNAma AvyuM nahi. netAo emanA prAMtomAM laDatanI taiyArI karavA UpaDI gayA ane sarakAre paNa taiyArI karI, lIdhI hatI. 4-1-32 nA roja gAMdhIjI ane saradAra vallabhabhAInI sarakAre dharapakaDa karI, koMgresane gerakAyadesara saMsthA tarIke jAhera karI ane sabhA saraghasa para lAThImAra karavo ane ghoDA deDAvavA, goLIbAra karavo, loka-apamAM mAra mAravo, vALa saLagAvavA,gAmaDAMdheravAM ane japtI karavA jevA julmI

Page #81
paka AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pagalAM lIdhAM. A vakhatanA sitamane baTrAnDa rasele nAjhI pakSanA julma sAthe sarakhAvyuM hatuM.1 amadAvAdamAM koMgresa bhavanane jAnyuArImAM sIla mAravAmAM AvyAM, sarakAre 5-1-32 nA roja gUjarAta vidyApITha, enuM pustakAlaya ane navajIvana presa japta karyA. maganabhAI desAI tathA jeThAlAla gAMdhIe ene virodha karatAM emanI dharapakaDa karI ane jela ane daMDanI emane sajA karI. dasakroImAM bhavAnIzaMkara mahetAnI AgevAnI nIce nAkaranI laData pUrajozamAM hatI. maganabhAI meghajIbhAI koraDiyA dhaMdhukA-dhoLakA saMgrAma samitinA saramukhatyAra hatA, temane deDha varasanI sajA karavAmAM AvI hatI. vidyAgaurI baLavaMtarAya kAnUgA pikeTiMga esesiyezananAM pramukha hatAM. gujarAta prAMtika samitinAM pramukha lIlAvatI desAInI dharapakaDa thatAM emanuM sthAna vidyAgaurIe lIdhuM hatuM. esosiyezananAM maMtrI vasumatI rAmaprasAda hatAM. ola InDiyA koMgresa kamiTInI eka beThaka gAMdhIjInI gerahAjarImAM paMDita mAlaviyAjInA pramukhapaNuM nIce dilhImAM 24-4-1932 nA roja maLavAnI hatI, paNa emanI dharapakaDa thatAM amadAvAdanA raNachoDalAla amRtalAla zeThe pramukhapada saMbhALyuM hatuM, samitinA sabhyonI dharapakaDa karAI ne kedanI sajA karAI hatI, sAtamI gujarAta rAjakIya prAMtika pariSada mArUtisiMha ThAkaranA pramukhapaNuM nIce maLI hatI. gujarAtanA badhA bhAgamAMthI svayaMsevaka AvyA hatA. rara-7-1932 nA roja navInatarAya khAroDa, prabhudAsa paTavArI ane phUlasiMhajI DAbhInI AgevAnI nIce gujarAtabharamAMthI AvelA svayaMsevake e gujarAta koMgresa samitinI kacerIne kabaje levA hale karyo hato, AgevAne pikI phUlasiMhajIne ane prabhudAsa paTavArIne cha mAsanI sajA thaI hatI. paTavArI amadAvAda saMgrAmasamitinuM saMcAlana paNa saMbhALatA hatA. kheDA jillAmAM 4-1-3ra nA roja gAMdhIjI ane saradAranI dharapakaDanA virodhamAM peTalAdanI zALAnA vidyAthIoe haDatAla pADI hatI. darabAra gopAladAsane borasadamAMthI ane ravizaMkara mahArAjane bacAsaNamAMthI pakaDavAmAM AvyA hatA. emane be mAsanI sajA karAI hatI. jelamAMthI mukta thayA bAda ravizaMkara mahArAjane mahemadAvAdanI hada na choDavA ane dararoja polIsamAM hAjarI purAvavA jaNAvyuM hatuM. A hukamanA bhaMga badala emane nava mAsanI jela ne rU. 50 daMDa karAya hatA. abbAsa taiyabajInI dharapakaDa karI emane sAbaramatI jelamAM be mAsa aTakAyatamAM rAkhyA hatA. emanA kheDA jillAmAM praveza upara pratibaMdha mukAyo hatA. peTalAdamAM 18-1-1932 nA roja prabhAtapherInA saraghasa upara ane

Page #82
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM (I.sa. 193ra -47) pa7 ANaMdamAM pilIsa kasTaDImAMthI chUTA karAyelA AgevAnonA saraghasa upara lAThIcArja karAyo hato. carotara ejyukezana sosAyaTInA kampAunDamAM dAkhala thaIne emAM rahetA lekene polIse mAryA hatA ane binarAjakIya sabhAmAMthI pAchA pharatA leke upara paNa lAThIcArja karAya hate rAsa uparAMta trAja lIMbAsI khaMDelI IsaNAva Amoda vaDAlA kaThANA pAlaja surakUvA borasada AMkalAva pipaLAva sejapura suNAva gAna vaherA ane bocAsaNanA lakoe nAkaranI laDatamAM sAtha Apyo hato. 4-2-1932 nA roja "gAMdhIdina UjavavAmAM AvyuM hatA ane borasada tAlukAnAM keTalAMka gAmamAM saraghasa kADhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. rAsa virola saijapura vAsaNuM jaMtrAla vageremAM sabhA ane saraghasanA pratibaMdhane bhaMga karAyo hato. suNAvamAM lAThIcArjathI 50 mANasa ghavAyA hatA ane reDakesanA mANasone paNa jhUDI nAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA. koMgresanA pracAraka rAvajIbhAI maNibhAInI paNa dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI hatI, emane 10 divasa ANaMda leka-apamAM rAkhyA bAda paMdara mAsanI sajA karAI hatI. dArUnA paravAnAnI hararAjI vakhate pikeTega karatAM 67 mANasonI dharapakaDa karAI hatI. 193ra nI zarUAtathI sAta mAsa daramyAna kheDA jillAmAMthI 700 jeTalA daMDa na bharanAra ke kara na ApanAranA gharomAM jatI karavAmAM AvI hatI. rAsanI mulAkAte Avela InDiyA lIganA Deligezanane rAsanI bahene e kahela ke rAsanuM pratyeka ghara koMgresa-kacerI che. paMcamahAlamAM 7-1-32 nA roja mAMdA hovA chatAM vallabhadAsa modInI dharapakaDa karI emane hospiTalamAM khaseDavAmAM AvyA hatA. aThavADiyA pachI emane cheDayA, paNa godharA tAlukAnI hada choDavA ane koMgresanI pravRttimAM bhAga levA manAI karI hatI, ane polIsamAM hAjarI purAvavA jaNAvyuM hatuM. 7-8-3ra nA roja emanI pharI dharapakaDa thaI hatI. 14-1-32 nA roja dAhodamAM prabhAtapherInA saraghasa upara ADedhaDa lAThIcArja thayo hato ane sthAnika jelamAM rakhAyelA aTakAyatIo upara paNa 28-1-32 nA roja lAThIcArja karAyuM hatuM. 193ra nA phebruArImAM kalelamAM nAkaranI laData zarU thaI hatI. sarakAre mArUtisiMha ThAkaranI jamIna kara na bharavA badala japta karI hatI, paMcamahAla jillAmAM laDatamAM bhAga levA badala 115 vyaktionI dharapakaDa thaI hatI. saNasolInA hiMmatalAla guptAnI dharapakaDa bAda emanuM sthAna lenAra jillAnAM prathama strI satyAgrahI caMcaLabahena mistrInI dAhodanI sabhAmAM lAThIcArja karAyo hato, emane cha mAsanI jela sAthe rU. 20 ne daMDa karAye hatA. godharAnA De. mANekalAla zAhane be varasanI sajA

Page #83
58 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sAthe rU. 1050 daMDa karAyA hatA. dilhI adhivezanamAM bhAga levA jatAM goviMdalAla gokaLadAsa ane giradharalAla zAhanI dilhI sTezane dharapakaDa karAI hatI. dilhI koMgresa dinanI ujavaNImAM bhAga levA badala tathA patrikA vaheMcavAnA gunA badala gaNeza bhAgavata ane traNa svayaMsevakenI dharapakaDa karAI hatI. kalamAM pANInI paraba upara rASTradhvaja pharakAvavA badala aMbAlAla suthArane pakaDavAmAM AvyA hatA. 193ra nA eprilamAM dilhImAM bharAyela koMgresa adhivezane pUrNa svarAjyanI mAgaNI karI hatI. ane gAMdhIjInI netAgIrI ane ahiMsAnI nItimAM pUrNa zraddhA vyakta karatA TharAva karyA hatA. kogresa kArobArIe Apela asahakAranI laDatanA Adezane emAM bahAlI apAI hatI. 14-6-1932 nA roja uparyukta TharAvone Teke ApavA gujarAta prAMtika samitinI beThaka maLI hatI, pa30 pratinidhi samagra gujarAtamAMthI AvyA hatA. paMcamahAlanA 35 pratinidhio ratanasiMha navalasiMha ThAkoranI AgevAnI nIce amadAvAda gayA hatA, ratanasiMhanI dharapakaDa karI ene keda ne daMDanI sajA karI hatI. prAMtika pariSada dinanI ujavaNImAM bhAga levA badala jaTAzaMkara jozIne ane emanA cha sAgarItane pakaDI vividha sajA karAI hatI. ra0-6-32 nA roja paMcamahAla jillA pariSada dAhodamAM mANekalAla gAMdhInA pramukhapaNuM nIce bharAI hatI. svAgatAdhyakSa cimanalAla desAInI pariSada maLe e pahelAM dAhodathI dharapakaDa karAI hatI. A pariSade dilhInA TharAvone anumodana ApyuM hatuM. mANekalAla gAMdhI agAu vaDodarAmAM bhUgarbhamAM gayA hatA temanI adhivezana vakhate 37 satyAgrahIo sAthe dharapakaDa karAI hatI. mANekalAla gAMdhIne doDha varasanI sajA sAthe rU. 300ne daMDa karAyo hato. dAhodamAM lAThIcArja karavAthI bALake sahita 70 vyaktione IjA thaI hatI. rara-7-32 nA roja metIlAla cekasI tathA nava svayaMsevakonI dharapakaDa karAI hatI. e paMcamahAlamAMthI amadAvAda kogresa samitinI kacerIne kabaje levA AvyA hatA. 31-7-3ra nA roja rameza Azramane hAlamAM kabaje levA IzvaralAla jha. paTela ane bIjA 12 svayaMsevakonI dharapakaDa thaI hatI. emane jelanI tathA daMDanI sajA thaI hatI. 22-8-3ra nA roja rudraprasAda desAI tathA gaMgAzaMkara purANI ane cha jaNane kAlelamAMthI paMcamahAla jillA pariSada kacerIne kabaje levA prayatna karavA badala dharapakaDa ane kedanI sajA thaI hatI. dAhodamAM kApaDanI dukAne upara pikaTiMga karanAra jhINAbhAI AzAbhAI, khoDIdAsa ha. paTela vagerenI dharapakaDa thaI hatI. patrikA vaheMcavA badala pAca svayaMsevakone traNa mAsanI sajA karAI hatI. 31-8-3ra nA rAmanAthanA meLAmAM ane meDAranA meLAmAM gerakAyadesara

Page #84
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM (I.sa. 1932-47) pa patrikA vaheMcatA svayaMsevAne keda ane daMDanI sajA thaI hatI. rasikalAla kaDakiyAnI dharapakaDa karI lAka-apamAM mAravAmAM AvyA hatA. DabhoInA seALa varasanA satyAgrahI gabhIrasiddha seAlakane paMcamahAlamAM satyAgrahamAM bhAga levA badala eka varasanI sajA karAI hatI. 23-9-1932 nI satyAgraha patrikAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe pA~camahAlamAMthI 506 nI dharapakaDa ane 377 te jelanI sajA karavAmAM AvI hatI. sarakAra kara ane daMDa vasUla karavA bheMse baLado dharavakharI vagere japtImAM letI hatI, ane pANInA mUle e harAjImAM vecI nAkhatI hatI.4 surata jillAmAMthI kanaiyAlAla desAI, merArajIbhAI desAI, IzvarabhAI gulAbabhAI, IzvarabhAI cheTubhAI desAI, umedarAma nAyaka, kalyANujIbhAI mahetA, kuMvarajIbhAI, kIkubhAI gulAbabhAI, prabhubhAI vi. mahetA, nAragubhAI bhakta, amRtalAla nANAvaTI, arucadra paMDayA, suzIla durlabhajI vagere aneka vyaktioe A satyAgrahamAM bhAga lIdhe hatA, emane jela ane daMDanI sajA thaI hatI. daMDa na bharanArane vadhAre kedanI sajA karAtI hatI. nAkaranI laDatamAM bhAga lenAranI gharavakharI dvAraDhAMkhara vagere japtImAM laIne pANInA mUle harAja karAtI hatI. vallabhadAsanI rU. 500nA daMDa badala rU. 20,000 nI milakatanI harAjI karI hatI. kalyANajIbhAI mahetAnA Azramane sIla lagADIne mAlamilakatanI harAjI karAI hatI. nAraNabhAI mAdhAbhAI bhakta(malekapurA)nI milaktanI bAraDeAlI nAkara satyAgrahamAM bhAga levA badala rU. 300 mAM harAjI thaI hatI. amRtalAla nANAvaTI rAsanI gAMdhIjInI kUcamAM sAthe hatA, temane cAra vakhata thaIne 27 mAsanI sajA karAI hatI. raghubhAI haribhAI nAyaka, vallabhadAsa akkaDa, nagInadAsa pArekha vagerenI gerakAyade patrikA vaheMcavA ke lakhavA badala keka ne daMDanI sajA thaI hatI. aruNucaMdra paMDayAnI 21 varasanI vaye dilhImAM pUrNa svarAjyanI pratijJA levA badala dharapakaDa karAI hatI. IzvaralAla cheTubhAI desAI tha lIganA yUsupha maheraalI sAthenA sthApaka hatA. samAjavAdI pakSanA e maMtrI paNa hatA. e suratanA navajavAna saMghanA sthApaka hatA. sarakAre emane visApura jelamAM e varasa rAkhyA hatA. mArArajIbhAI desAIne prathama cha aThavADiyAMnI ane pachI e varasanI kedanI sajA karAI hatI. A jillAmAM ghaNA lakAne keda ane 6'DanI sanna thaI hatI. sabhA saraghasa ane pikeTiMgamAM bahenA ane vidyAyI e paNa bhAga letAM hatAM. A pramANe bharUcamAM satyAgrahamAM bhAga lenArAM ghaNAM hatAM, paNu eNnI vigata maLatI nathI. cheATubhAI purANI ane baTukanAtha vyAyAmamaMdiranA kAryakartAoe bharUca jillAmAMthI bhAga lIdhe| hatA. saurASTramAMthI baLavaMtarAya

Page #85
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mahetA, manubhAI bakSI, manubhAI paMcoLI, raNachoDadAsa goraDiyA, prabhudAsa bhutA (baravALA), vIracaMdabhAI zeTha, vrajalAla Astika, haMsarAja aMdhakavi, bAlakRSNa zukla, babalabhAI mahetA (kheDA-mULa sAyalA) vageree bhAga lIdho hato. amadAvAdamAMthI nIrubhAI desAI, mukuMdalAla desAI, mohanalAla bhaTTa, viThThaladAsa koThArI, zAMtilAla gAMdhI, sArAbhAI kAzIpArekha ramaNalAla mazarUvALA, vasumatI ThAkara, vADIlAla lalubhAI, vAsudeva bhaTTa, hariprasAda mahetA, baLavaMtarAya ThAkara, phUlacaMda taMboLI, pUrNimA pakavAsA (muMbaI), pAMDurAva ThAkara, amInAbahena kurezI, arjuna lAlA, parIkSitalAla majamUdAra, pannAlAla jhaverI, nAnIbahena jhaverI, nAnazA ThAkara vageree satyAgrahamAM bhAga lIdho hato. kheDAmAMthI phUlacaMda bApujI, rAvajIbhAI parAgajI desAI, nAkuzaMkara bhaTTa (DAsA), mAdhavalAla zAha, phUlasiMhajI DAbhI, IzvarabhAI je. paTela vageree bhAga lIdho hato. berasada ANaMda ane mAtara tAlukAne phALo vizeSa hatA. paMcamahAlamAMthI kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, mArUtisiMha, mANekalAla gAMdhI, DAhyAbhAI nAyaka, mAmA sAheba phaDakee bhAga lIdho hato. sarakAranA hukamone bhaMga karIne sabhA saraghasa pikeTiMga bahiSkAra patrikAnuM prakAzana, rASTradhvajanuM saMmAna, nAkaranI laData, perola para hAjarI ApavAne virodha, mIThAnuM utpAdana vagere kAryakrama cAlu rAkhyA hatA. sarakAre 1930nA satyAgraha karatAM paNa vadhAre AkarAM pagalAM lIdhAM hatAM. briTiza sarakAra laDatane nirdayatAthI dAbI devA mAgatI hatI ane kesanuM nAmanizAna miTAvavA cAhatI hatI, tethI jaMgalI kahI zakAya evAM pagalAM letAM e acakAI na hatI." pUnA pekeTa sarakAre A laData daramyAna "bhAgalA pADo ane rAja karo'nI nIti apanAvI musalamAnanI mAphaka harijanene alaga matAdhikAra ApavAnI kuceSTA karI hatI. bIjI goLamejI pariSadamAM gAMdhIjIe AvA kaI prayAsane prANanA bhoge paNa sAmano karIza evI cetavaNI uccArI hatI. ema chatAM komI cukAda bahAra paDavAnI taiyArImAM hatA tyAre 11-3-32 nA roja bhArata-maMtrI semyuala hArane patra lakhI harijanene alaga matAdhikAra ApavAmAM Avaze te AmaraNAMta upavAsa karIza evI cetavaNI ApI hatI, ema chatAM briTiza sarakAre 13-8-32 ne roja kamI cukAde ApI harijanene alaga matAdhikAra ApyuM. gAMdhIjIe 18-8-32 nA roja 20 sapTembara sudhImAM A prazna egya rIte nahi pate te

Page #86
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM (I.sa. 193ra-47) 1 AmaraNAMta upavAsa karaze ema jAhera karyuM. briTiza vaDApradhAne cukAdAne bacAva karate javAba 20-8-32 nA roja Ape. gAMdhIjI emanA nizcayane vaLagI rahyA, AthI samagra duniyAmAM halacala macI gaI. DaoN. AMbeDakara, rAjAjI, mAlaviyAjI, saradAra paTela, jayakara vagere AgevAnoe vATAghATa karI ane dalita vargo mATe amuka beThake nakkI karAI. A samAdhAna pUnA mukAme thayuM te "pUnA paikTa" tarIke oLakhAya che. A samAdhAna pachI hiMduonI pariSada muMbaImAM maLI ane hiMdu samAja vatI aspRzyatAnuM kalaMka dUra karavA nirNaya levAya. 1933mAM kalakattAmAM koMgresanuM adhivezana karavAmAM AvyuM. emAM dezanA svAtaMtryanuM dhyeya ane satyAgraha e sAdhana banAvI laDatamAM lekane vadhu ne vadhu DAvAnI apIla karavAmAM AvI. tyAra bAda harijana pravRttimAM paDelAnI zuddhi mATe ane e pravRttimAM sahAyabhUta thavA gAMdhIjIe Atmazuddhi athe 8-5-1933 thI 21 divasanA upavAsa zarU karyA. sarakAre emane e divase ja choDI mUkyA. gAMdhIjIe chUTatAM ja cha aThavADiyAM sudhI satyAgrahanI laData mokupha rAkhI hatI. sarakArane emaNe sAbaramatI Azramane kabajo laI levA jaNAvyuM, paNa sarakAre ema na karatAM gAMdhIjIe Azrama choDaDyo ane e vyaktigata satyAgraha mATe rAsa javA nIkaLyA. gAMdhIjIne ane emanI sAthe 34 sAthIone sarakAre 31-7-1933 nA roja pakaDyA. mahAdeva desAI, rAvajIbhAI nAthAbhAI, kastUrabA vagere gAMdhIjI sAthe hatAM. A daramyAna gAMdhIjInI anicchA chatAM koMgresa pramukha aNee satyAgrahanI laData pAchI kheMcI levAnI jAherAta karI ane Ama ene aMta AvyA. 18, 19 me 1934 nA roja paTaNA mukAme maLela ke gresa pakSanI kArobArI samitie caLavaLa baMdha karavAnuM TharAva karyo ane 20-5-1934 thI ene aMta Avyo. laDatamAM guptatA ane azuddhi pravezavAnI TIkA gAMdhIjIe karI, paNa laDatamAM bhoga ApI satyAgrahamAM bhAga lenArAonI kadara karI emaNe dhanyavAda ApyA hatA. dhIme dhIme laDatane jusso maMda paDyo hato. bAraDelI ane borasada A laDatamAM mokhare rahyAM hatAM. satyAgrahanI saphaLatA aMge lekenI zraddhA DagI gaI hatI. samAjavAdI pakSanI sthApanA 1934 mAM koMgresanI nItithI asaMtuSTa thaIne koMgresa samAjavAdI pakSanI sthApanA AcArya nareMdradeva, yUsupha maheraalI, azoka mahetA, jayaprakAza nArAyaNa, azruta paTavardhana vageree karI. gujarAtamAM rAmAjavAdI pakSa 17-3-1934 nA reja vaDodarAnI beThakanA nirNaya mujaba astitvamAM Avyo. sAmyavAdI pakSa

Page #87
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI upara pratibaMdha hovAthI eo paNa A pakSamAM bhaLyA hatA. rara-6-34 nA roja samAjavAdIonuM prathama saMmelana maLyuM hatuM. nIru desAI, bacubhAI dhruva ne caMdravadana zukala enA maMtrI hatA. amadAvAda zahera tathA paMcamahAlanA gedharA ane dAhoda tAlukAomAM emanI asara vizeSa hatI. samAjavAdIo tathA sAmyavAdIoe kAmadAra ane kisAna vargomAM pagapesAro karyo hato. yuvake ane vidyAthIo emanI vicArasaraNIthI AkarSAyA hatA. kheDA jillAnA mAtara borasada ne ANaMda tAlukAnA ane suratanA mAMgaroLa mAMDavI vagere tAlukAonA tathA paMcamahAlanA bhIla AdivAsI ane anya haLapati bAreyA ThAkara vagere kisAne AkarSAyA hatA. gujarAtamAM gAMdhIjI ane saradAranI prabaLa asara hatI tethI ane prajA vyavahAru hevAthI samAjavAdanI vicArasaraNI vyApaka banI zakI nahi. racanAtmaka pravRtti ane pradhAnapada svIkAra sarakAre gUjarAta vidyApITha, becAsaNa vidyApITha, suratanA anAvila ane pATIdAra Azrama tathA bAraDelI maDhI veDachI vagerenA AzramonAM makAne parathI japtI uThAvI lIdhI. navajIvana presa paNa gAMdhIjInA chuTakArA pachI pAchuM sepyuM hatuM. gujarAta prAMtika samiti ane enI zALAo paNa vyavasthita rIte kAma karatI kramazaH thaI hatI. 1935 nI zarUAtamAM saradAra gujarAtane pravAsa kheDI kheDUtone maLavA lAgyA hatA. gAMdhIjI tathA emanA sAthI parIkSita majamUdAra, mAmAsAheba phaDake vageree harijana-kArya upADI lIdhuM hatuM ane harijana-phALo ugharAvatA hatA. gAMdhIjIe A mATe kAThiyAvADa tathA kacchane pravAsa kheDyo hato. 1934 ne mArca-eprila daramyAna cUMTaNImAM bhAga laI vaDI dhArAsabhAmAM javA svarAja pATIne punarjIvita karavA kanaiyAlAla munazI, De. anasArI, Do. bI. sI. roya, bhUlAbhAI desAI, satyamati, ema. esa. aNe vageree prayatna karyo, paNa moTA bhAganA koMgresIone ene Teke maLyuM na hatuM. paTaNAmAM 18, 18 ane 20 mI me nA roja maLelI e.AI.sI.sI.e kAunsila pravezanA kAryakramane mAra mArI ane 20 me nA roja ra5 sabhyanA banela pArlamenTarI borDanI racanA karI. 19-6-1934nA pArlamenTarI beDe cUMTaNInA hetusara dezanuM cAra vibhAgamAM vibhAjana karyuM ane kanaiyAlAla munazIne muMbaI varADa ane madhya pradezanA banela pazcima vibhAganI kAmagIrI soMpI. Ama svarAjaya pATInI vAtane paDado paDI gaye. javAharalAla oNgasTa 1934 mAM perola upara chUTayA bAda kAunsila praveza kAryakramanI sakhata TIkA karato patra gAMdhIjIne lakhe hato, jene gAMdhIjIe bahu

Page #88
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 193ra-47) 74243 79104 241221 gal }"After explosion, I want construction". javAharalAlane AnAthI saMtoSa thayo na hato ane 1936 nA lakhanaune koMgresa adhivezanamAM emanI ane saradAranI vacce sakhata zAbdika yuddha khelAyuM hatuM. koMgresa samAjavAdI pakSa ane sAmyavAdIo paNa dhArAsabhA-praveza viruddha hatA. 1936 mAM amadAvAdamAM yuvaka saMmelana maLyuM hatuM. 1935 mAM gavarmenTa eNkaTa pasAra thaye te pramANe keMdramAM dvimukhI zAsana ane prAMtomAM amuka apavAdarUpa bAbata bAda karatAM saMpUrNa svazAsana maLatuM hatuM. 1936 mAM koMgrese 193pa nA InDiyA eNkaTane vakhoDyo hato, chatAM 1937nA phejhapura adhivezanamAM nakkI karyA mujaba eNe cUMTaNImAM bhAga levAnuM svIkAryuM hatuM, AthI ene cUMTaNInI taiyArI ane e aMgenuM jAheranAmuM taiyAra karavAnuM hatuM. jAheranAmAmAM kheDutonI sthiti sudhAravA, gaNeta ane mahesUlanA kAyadA karavA, khetamajUronI rojIne dara vadhAravA, dArUbaMdhI dAkhala karavA vagere bAbatone samAveza karAyo hato. cUMTaNInI kAmagIrI pArlAmenTarI borDanI racanA karI saradAra paTelane saMpAI hatI. DhaMDherAnA musaddAmAM uparyukta muddAo uparAMta khetI udyoga zikSaNa ane madhyama varga vagere sarvane vikAsa ane pragati mATe mAgaNIo jayaprakAza, AcArya naredradeva vagerenA sahakArathI naherujInI lAkSaNika bhASAmAM rajU thaI hatI. 1937nI cUMTaNImAM muMbaI sahita cha prAMtamAM moTI bahumatI maLavA chatAM sattAne svIkAra karyo na hato. baMdhAraNamAM rAkhavAmAM AvelI salAmatI ane gavarnara-janarala ane prAMtanA gavarnarone ApavAmAM AvelI vizeSa sattAone kAraNe A sudhArA phArasa jevA lAgyA hatA, tethI gAMdhIjIe sUcavyuM ke 193pa nA baMdhAraNa pramANe ApelI khAsa sattAo ane hakako gavarnara vApare nahi ane pradhAnamaMDaLanI salAha mujaba vartavAnI eo geranTI-bAMhedharI Ape to keMgrese pradhAnapada svIkAravuM joIe. gavarnaro. baMdhAraNanI viruddha AvI khAta ApI zake ema na hatuM. tethI maDAgAMTha UbhI thaI ane muMbaI prAMtamAM kUpara-pradhAnamaMDaLa laghumatI pakSanuM racAyuM. emAM jamanAdAsa mahetA nANApradhAna tarIke joDAyA hatA. vAisaroya ane hiMdI vajIre spaSTa jAherAta karI ke keMgresa je jAtane bhaya seve che te pAyA vinAne che. gavarnara kaI pradhAnanI nItimAM ane kAmakAjamAM dakhala karavAnA prasaMga zodhavAnA nathI gavarnarone je khAsa sattAo ApI che tenuM kSetra bahu maryAdita che, paNa eo haMmezAM pitAnA pradhAnone sAtha meLavavAnI kALajI rAkhaze. A jAherAtane bAMhedharI samAna gaNa 7 mI julAI, 1837nA roja kegresa varkiMga kamiTIe

Page #89
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI padmahaNane maheAra mArI. 17-7-1937 nA rAja khI. jI. kheranA netRtva nIce navuM pradhAnamaMDaLa racAyuM, gujarAtamAMthI kanaiyAlAla munazI gRha-pradhAna, meArArajI desAI mahesUla-pradhAna, gulajhArIlAla naMdA majUra pradhAna ane saMsadIya saciva ane nikararAva desAI keLavaNI-pradhAna thayA.10 koMgresa pradhAnamaMDaLanuM kA 64 koMgresa pradhAnamaMDaLanI racanA bAda keTalIka chUTachATA vadhI hatI. meraTha kAvatarA kesanA sAmyavAdI netAe! sA pUrI karyA pahelAM chUTayA. vI. DI sAvarakarane AMdAmAnamAMthI chuTakAro thayA hatA ane e muMbaI AvyA. sAmyavAdI pakSa gerakAyadesara hatA, chatAM lagabhaga khullI rIte kAma karavA zaktimAna thayA hatA. eee muMbaImAMthI nezanala phranTa' nAmanu aThavADika zarU karyuM... hatuM. gujarAtamAM dinakara mahetA sAmyavAdI pakSanA maMtrI hatA. ee samAjavAdIe sAthe kAma karatA hatA, paNa dhIme dhIme aMtara vadhatuM jatuM hatu. samAjavAdI pakSe azaka maheta!nA taMtrIpaNA nIce 'kaeNoNMgresa seAziyAlisTa' aThavADika emanA mukhapatra tarIke zarU karyuM hatuM. amadAvAdamAM 'kAmadAra' ane kisAna' nAmanAM aThavADika maganabhAI paTela ane caMdrabhAI bhaTTanA taMtrIpaNA nIce zarU karAyAM hatAM. 'navI duniyA graMthamALA' dvArA niyamita pustaka bahAra paDatAM hatAM. kAmadAro ane kisAnAnI pravRttine vega maLyA hatA. iMdulAla yAjJika ane enA saha-kArya karA kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, ramaNalAla zeTha, DI. jI. pAgAMrakara, DaiA. suma'ta mahetA vageree kheDA paoNMcamahAla ane amadAvAda jillAomAM ane rAdhanapura pAlanapura mANasA IDara arAla sacIna viThThalagaDha vaDAdarA vagere dezI rAjyAmAM kisAnapravRtti zarU karI hatI. kheDUtA tAlukadArA inAmadArA ane jAgIradArA sarakAranA bhAre karaverAnA ane mahesUlanA kheAjA nIce tema zAhukArAnA devA nIce kacaDAI gayA hatA. mAtara mIrAkheDI vyArA lIMbaDI vagere sthaLAe kisAna-pariSade bharIne emaNe jamInadAro viruddha khetamajUrA gaNAtiyA vagerene rakSaNa ApavA avAja uThAvyA hatA. hALIprathA sAme jugatarAma dave, Da. sumaMta mahetA ane narahari parIkhe bauddhika ane vAstavika netRtva pUruM pADayuM hatuM. dezI rAjyAmAM cAlatI veThaprathA sAme paNa eee emane avAja sattAvALAo samakSa rajU karyA hatA. kisAnapravRtti haka ane mAnava-nyAyanI caLavaLarUpe zarU thayelI, paNa dhIme dhIme enuM netRtva samAjavAdI ane sAmyavAdI kAryakarAnA hAthamAM sarakI gayuM hatuM. gaNAtadhArA ane RNarAhatadhArA pasAra karI kaeNoNMgresa pradhAnamaDaLe kisAnAne rAhata ApI hatI.

Page #90
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 193ra-47) 65. "saMdeza" dainikanA kAmadAronA pagAravadhArAne prazna haDatAla bAda aMzataH ukelA hatA. kAmadAroe giraphatArI ane jela paNa A aMge vaherI hatI. tyAra bAda samAdhAna thatAM keTalIka mAgaNIo maMjUra rahI hatI. amadAvAdanA milakAmadArone prazna cakaDoLe caDyo hato. harasiddhabhAI diveTiyAnA pramukhapaNuM nIce A mATe paMcanI racanA thaI hatI. 1938 mAM kAmadAra yuniyana taraphathI mila-udyoganI paristhiti, kAmadAronI hAlata, emanA upara kAmano bojo, apUratuM vetana vagere aMge Avedana tauyAra karAyuM hatuM ane pagAravadhArAnI mAgaNI mukAI hatI. milamAlikee maMdI, amadAvAda ane muMbaInI mile vaccenI harIphAI, ghasAyelI mazinarI vagere bAbata rajU karI kAmabaja vadhAravA jaNAvyuM hatuM. A uparAMta emaNe pagAramAM 25 TakA kApa mUkyo hato, enA virodhamAM majUre lAlavAvaTA mila kAmadAra yuniyananI AgevAnI nIce haDatAla upara UtaryA hatA. 21 divasa cAlelI A haDatAlanuM naMdajInI daramyAnagIrI pachI samAdhAna thayuM hatuM. paNa-ogaNIsa TakA pagArakApa ocho thayo hate. kAmadAromAM majUra mahAjananI lAgavaga ane pratiSThA sArA pramANamAM hovA chatAM amadAvAda ane vaDodarAnA milamajUromAM sAmyavAdI asara vadhatI jatI hatI. sarakAre audyogika dhAro ghaDI kAmadArone rAhata ApI hatA. kisAne ane kAmadAre uparAMta dezI rAjyanI prajAmAM sArI jAgRti AvI hatI. rAjakoTa lIMbaDI bhAvanagara pAlItANA IDara mANasA luNAvADA vagere rAjyamAM prajAmaMDaLa sakriya banyAM hatAM. pariNAme koMgrese dezI rAjyanA praznomAM mAthuM na mAravAnI ane taTastha rahevAnI nItine tyAgI hatI ne e teone madadarUpa thaI hatI. haripurA koMgresamAM A aMge TharAva thayA hatA. rAjakoTamAM DhebarabhAI tathA vajubhAI zukala vagerenI AgevAnI nIce samagra saurASTranI prajAe rAjakoTanA ThAkara tathA dIvAna vIrAvALAnI ApakhudI ane uDAugIrI sAme satyAgraha karyo hatuM. gAMdhIjI tathA saradAranI daramyAnagIrIthI javAbadAra taMtra ApavA rAjya sahamata thayuM hatuM, paNa laghumatIo garAsadAre bhAyAta harijana vagerenA hitanA bahAnA nIce vIrAvALAnI kuTila nItine kAraNe samAdhAna paDI bhAMgyuM hatuM ane gAMdhIjInA hAtha heThA paDyA hatA. lIMbaDInAM prajAjane hijarata karIne tathA lIMbaDInA rU ne bahiSkAra pakArIne rAjyanI sAna ThekANe lAvyA hatA. mANasA rAjya mahesUla ghaTADIne samAdhAna svIkAryuM hatuM. bhAvanagara tathA pAlItANuM rA sudhArA dAkhala karavA tatparatA dAkhavI hatI, paNa rAjakoTamAM laData niSphaLa

Page #91
ki AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jatAM eo niSkriya rahyAM hatAM. bhAvanagare 1940mAM dhArAsabhA ApavAnI jAherAta karI hatI, paNa amala 1941 mAM karyo hato. baLavaMtarAya mahetA, amRtalAla zeTha, maNibhAI trivedI, ucharaMgarAya Dhebara, lavaNaprasAda zAha vageree dezI rAjyanA praznomAM khUba rasa lIdho hato. muMbaI rAjyamAM koMgresa pradhAnamaMDaLanI racanA thatAM agAu satyAgraha daramyAna ane cUMTaNI DhaMDherAmAM apAyelAM vacana sAkAra karavA ke gesIo kaTIbaddha thayA hatA. borasada bAraDelI tathA anyatra nAkaranI laData daramyAna kheDUtonI jamIna harAja thaI hatI. muMbaI dhArAsabhAe eka TharAva karI harAja thayelI jamIne enA kharIdanArAo pAsethI sarakArI kharce vecAtI laI mULa mAlikane pAchI soMpI devI ema nakakI karyuM. A kAmamAM uttara vibhAganA kamizanara gereTe harakata UbhI karI hatI chatAM kheDA jillAmAM keTalIka jamIna kharIdIne mULa mAlikane e parata karI hatI. 1938 nA okaTobaramAM sarakAre AvI jamIna pAchI levA kAyado karyo hato ane hAIkorTanA nyAyadhIzane nImI enA dvArA e jamInanI kiMmata nakakI karAvI sarakArI kharce e mULa mAlikone soMpI hatI. saradAre bhUtakALamAM vacana Apela ke emanI jamIna emanAM bAraNAM ThekatI pAchI Avaze e vacana Ama paLAyuM hatuM. khetamajUronI rojano dara nakakI karI emanuM zeSaNa paNa aTakAvyuM hatuM. grAmavistAromAM 2,000 thI vadhAre vastIvALA gAmamAM 1,500 jeTalI grAmapaMcAyato astitvamAM AvI hatI. rUpiyA AThathI nava karoDanI Avaka gumAvI dArUbaMdhI dAkhala karI hatI. pIThAnA mAlikoe A aMge UhApoha karyo hato, paNa emane samajAvI levAyA hatA, AthI dArUnI latathI pAyamAla thatAM ghaNAM kuMTuMbe, khAsa karIne kAmadAra varganAM, aTakI gayAM hatAM. bhaMgI saphAI, kAmadAranI sthiti khUba ja kharAba hatI. emane rU. sAta jeTaluM mAsika vetana maLatuM hatuM. kyAMka gharAkI-paddhatine kAraNe emane thoDI rAhata rahetI haze, paNa ekaMdare khUba ja garIbImAM teo jIvatA hatA. bharUcamAM rU.be nA pagAravadhArAne tathA keTalIka sagavaDo ApavA emaNe mAgaNI karI hatI te nakArAI hatI ane barataraphI dhAkadhamakI ane bahAranA navA kAmadAre lAvI emanI haDatAla teDavA prayAsa thayA hatA. ThakkarabApAnA prayAsathI A haDatAlane aMta Avyo hato. AnI asara anyatra paNa paDI hatI. zaheromAM, khAsa karIne amadAvAdanA milamajUranI cAlIonAM, bhADAM vadhAravA muMDA rokI bhADUtane trAsa apAto hato. vasavATa mATe ayogya makAnamAM gaTara jAjarU naLa vagerenI sagavaDa na hatI ema chatAM makAnamAlike moMghavArI vadhI e mATe vadhAre bhADuM mAgatA hatA ane

Page #92
rAjakIya jAgRti ; briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 1932-47) sagavaDA vadhAravA ke makAnanI marAmata karavA inkAra karatA hatA. kazaLacaMdabhAIe iMdulAla yAjJikanuM A prazne dhyAna dAratAM 1939 mAM dhArAsabhAe gharabhADAniyamananA kAyado pasAra karyo, e pramANe vepArIone tyAM nekarI karatA munImA ane gumAstAne prazna iMdulAla yAjJike hAtha dharyA hatA. emanA prayAsathI muMbaInI dhArAsabhAmAM hiMda sevAsamAjanA sabhya zrI bakhalee A aMge kAyadA ghaDIne muMbaI dhArAsabhAmAM rajU karyo hatA, jene gumAstAmaMDaLe TakA ApyA hatA. kamaLAdevI caTTopAdhyAyanA pramukhapaNA nIce bharAyela gumAstA pariSade emanA kAmakAjanA klArkA pagAra rajA vagere nakkI karavA mAgaNI karI hatI. pariNAme 'gumAstA dhAre' pasAra thaIne amalamAM AvyA hatA. mubaI prAMtamAM prAMtika svarAjyanI ADaktarI asara dezI rAjyAnA vahIvaTa upara paNa paDI hatI ane e kAraNe dezI rAjyAmAM sudhArA dAkhala karavA prAtsAhana maLyuM hatuM. samAjavAdIe tathA sAmyavAdIone gaNAtadhArAthI sa MtASa thayA na hatA. enAthI gaNAtiyAne jamIna cheADI devA mULa mAlikA taraphathI dabANa vadhyuM hatu ane emane jamIna cheADI devA pharaja paDI hatI, ema chatAM ekaMdara phAyadA thayA hatA. mAdhyamika zALAmAM zikSaNanuM mAdhyama aMgrejI hatuM emAM pheraphAra thayA hatA ane gujarAtImAM keTalAka viSaya zIkhavavA chUTa maLI hatI. zArIrika zikSaNanA viSayane abhyAsakramamAM sthAna apAyu hatu. ane 'kuvalayAnaMda' samiti tene abhyAsakrama vagere nakkI karavA nimAI hatA. prAthamika zikSaNa pharajiyAta karI zakAyu' na hatuM, paNa zALA vinAnAM gAmeAmAM vaeNlanTarI skUla" yAjanA nIce vadhu zALAe UghaDI hatI. zALAnuM nirIkSaNa jillA skUla khA` ane myunisipala skUla khe` pAsethI pAchu laI zikSaNanI guNavattA vadhe ane zikSaNamAM sthAnika ghAlamela ghaTe e mATe enI javAbadArI upazikSaNAdhikArIne sAMpAI hatI. vAlADa tathA bAraDAlI tAlukAnAM ane khIjAM kula 19 gAmAmAM khuniyAdI zikSaNanA prayoga karAyA hatA. prauDhazikSaNa tathA pustakAlayapravRttine pazu uttejana apAyuM hatuM.11 haripurA adhivezana 67 muMbaI prAMtamAM kaeNoNMgresanA zAsana daramyAna surata jillAnA haripurA mukAme kAMgresa pakSanuM adhivezana 19-2-1938 nA roja subhASacaMdra khejhanA pramukhapaNA nIce thayuM hatuM. grAmajanatA bhAga laI zake e kAraNasara A sthaLa pasaMda karAyuM hatuM. adhivezanamAM zakaya hAya teTalI grAma-udyoganI vastu vAparavA takedArI rakhAI hatI. kheDUte mATe khAsa raseADuM khAlavAmAM Avyu` hatu`. pramukhanA bhASaNamAM subhASabAbrue briTiza hiMdamAMnI sarakArI nIti, dezaparadezamAM vasatA

Page #93
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI hiMdIonI paristhiti, briTiza sasthAnAmAM aMgrejonI pakaDa ane zASaNanIti, rAjakIya sudhArA, pradhAnama`DaLanI racanA, javAbadArI ane vAisaroya tathA gavanara taraphathI bAMhedharInA bhaMga, dezI rAjyAnI prajAnA javAbadAra rAjyataMtra mATe adhikAra ane e aMge koMgresanI nIti vagerenI spaSTatA karI hatI. kula 20 TharAva karAyA hatA. A prasaMge gujarAtanA siAnAe emanA prazna paratve jaMgI relI dvArA adhivezananuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM ane emaNe emanuM mAgaNIpatraka rajU karyuM" hatuM. iMdulAla yAjJika, DI. jI. pAMgArakara, DaoN. sumata mahetA tathA bIjA kAkAe kisAnAnI AgevAnI lIdhI hatI. A ja pramANe A adhivezanamAM koMgrese dezI rAjyAnI prajAkIya saMsthAone kArobArInI sUcanA pramANe ane enA aMkuza nIce kAma karavAnI chUTa ApI hatI. rAjadvArI pravRtti ke lata kaoNMgresanA nAme upAvI nahi evI spaSTa zarata mUkavAmAM AvI hatI. kisAnacaLavaLa aMge emanuM sa MgaThana racavAnI hakka svIkAryA hatA. jhAMjhIbAranA laviMganA praznane hiMdI vepArIonA hitane haripurA adhivezanamAM TekamAM ApavAmAM Avyo hatA. jhAMjhIbAranI sarakAranA anyAya sAme jhAMjhIbAranA laviMganI AyAta bhArate baMdha karI bahiSkAra pAkAryA hatA.12 68 bIju vizvayuddha ane sattAtyAga mAryAM, 1939 mAM tripurA khAte keMgresa adhivezana subhASabAjInA pramukhapaNA nIce thayuM hatuM. kAMgresa pakSanA AgevAne paTTAbhI sItArAmaiyAne pasaMda karavAnA matanA hatA. paMjAba baMgALa ane mahArASTranA tathA samAjavAdI ane sAmyavAdI pratinidhionA sabaLa TekAne kAraNe subhASabAbu cUMTAI AvyA hatA, paNa kArobArInI racanA gAMdhIjInI salAha mujaba karavAnA praznane samAjavAdI ane sAmyavAdI pratinidhie taTastha rahetAM emanI hAra thaI ane emaNe pramukhapadanu rAjInAmuM ApyuM hatuM. yuropamAM yuddhanAM vAdaLa gherAtAM hatAM tethI agamacetI tarIke lADa" linalithageAnA AgrahathI eprila, 1939 mAM briTiza pAlamenTa taraphathI 1935nA bhArata kAyadAmAM 126 a sudhArA Ameja karI madhyastha sarakAra dvArA kaTokaTI jAhera karavAnI, prAMtenAM pradhAnamaMDaLeAne yudghanA kAraNe salAha ApavAnI tathA emanA vatI prAMta hastakanA viSaya a Mge kAyadA dhaDavAnI ane hastakSepa karavAnI sattA madhyastha ta trane apAI. vAisaroya icche tyAre prAMtika sarakAronA adhikAra e hAthamAM laI zake athavA emanA hukamAnu pAlana karAvI zake evA A sudhArA briTiza pAlamenTe eka ja divasamAM pasAra karyAM hatA. 3-9-1939 nA rAja bIjuM vizvayuddha phATI nIkaLyuM. koMgresa pradhAnama DhaLA ane lokone vizvAsamAM

Page #94
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM (I.sa. 1932-47) lIdhA vinA bhArata sarakAre paNa jamanI sAme yuddha jAhera karyuM. A pagaluM paNa vizvAsabhaMga samAna hatuM. vAIsaroye yuddhamAM keMgresane sahakAra ApavA jaNAvyuM tyAre eNe sarakArane lekazAsana sAmrAjyavAda ane bhAratanA bhAvi aMge navI vyavasthAnI cekhavaTa karavA jaNAvyuM. Ane javAba hiMdI vajIre vALyo ke "briTana jIvanamaraNanA saMgrAmamAM rokAyeluM che tyAre keMgrese briTiza irAdAonI spaSTa jAherAta mAgavI e kavakhatanuM che. pitAnI mAgaNIo mATe emaNe A khoTo vakhata pasaMda karyo che." tyArabAda vAIsaroye eka jAheranAmuM bahAra pADyuM ke je koMgresane ke koI paNa dezapremIne saMtoSa ApI zake ema na hatuM. pariNAme koMgresa kArobArIe 30-10-38 sudhImAM koMgresI pradhAnamaMDaLane rAjInAmuM ApavA jaNAvyuM, AthI navembara, 1939 daramyAna muMbaInA pradhAnamaMDaLe rAjInAmuM ApyuM.13 savA be varasanA TUMkA gALAmAM muMbaI sarakAre kAmadAro kisAne ane madhyama tathA pachAta varganA utkarSa mATe aneka pagalAM lIdhAM hatAM ane muslima lIga vagerene virodha chatAM kuzaLatAthI rAjyavahIvaTanuM saMcAlana karyuM hatuM. laDatanA mArga : vyaktigata satyAgraha koMgresa pakSane briTiza sarakAranI muzkelIne lAbha levAnuM pasaMda na hatuM, paNa sAthe sAthe sarakAranAM jaDa valaNa ane johukamIne tAbe thavAnuM paNa ene yogya jaNAtuM na hatuM, AthI javAharalAla lokazAhInA saMrakSaNa mATe briTanane madada karavAnA matanA hatA te paNa briTiza zAhIvAdI nItithI kaMTALI gayA hatA. subhASa te laDI levAnA matanA pahelethI hatA ane tethI e vezapalaTo karI najarakedamAMthI chaTakI aphaghAnistAna thaI ne jamanI pahoMcI gayA ane tyAMthI jApAna gayA ne AjhAda hiMda pheja ekatra karI koMgresanA rAmagaDha adhivezane eka vAta spaSTa karI hatI ke juvAne vATAghATothI kaTALIne, AvelI taka vadhAvI laIne aMgreja sattA sAme jalada laData ApavA taiyAra hatA. sarvapakSIya sarakAra racI svataMtratA bakSavAnI koMgresanI mAgaNI nakArAI vAIsaroye enI jAherAtamAM spaSTatA karI hatI ke hAlanI kAunsilane vadhu vistArIne vadhu vyaktione levA sivAya e vadhu chUTachATa ApI zake ema nathI. 18 mI oNgasTa, 1947nA roja maLelI koMgresa kArobArIe koMgresa samitione pitAnI pravRtti pUrajozathI calAvavA ne racanAtmaka kAryakrama vagere hAtha dharavA jaNAvyuM hatuM. 16 mI sapTembaranA roja maLelI mahAsamitinI beThakamAM tAtkAlika ane svataMtratA maLyA bAda anusaravAnI nIti jAhera karAI ane gAMdhIjIne savinaya bhaMganI laDatamAM daravaNI ApavA vinaMti

Page #95
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI karAI. gAMdhIjIe vAIsayane patra lakhe, rUbarU paNa maLyA ane emane koMgresanA nirdhAranI jANa karI. 12 mI okaTobaranI kArobArI samitinI beThakamAM gAMdhIjIe vyaktigata savinaya bhaMganI yojanA samajAvI. gAMdhIjIe niyamita kAMtaNa ane racanAtmaka kAmamAM zraddhA dharAvanArane ja lAyaka gaNI satyAgraha mATe pasaMda karavA prAMtika samitine jaNAvyuM. jillA mejisTreTane patra lakhI A aMge jANa karavAnI AvazyaktA paNa emaNe spaSTa karI. vyaktigata satyAgrahamAM vinobA ane javAharalAla pachI saradArane vAre AvyA. patra lakhI maeNjisTreTane jANa karyA bAda emanI 17-11-47 nA roja dharapakaDa thaI hatI. 1940 daramyAna morArajI desAI rAvajIbhAI paTela, lakSmIdAsa zrIkAMta, dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara, lalubhAI haribhAI paTela, bAbubhAI paTela, zivAbhAI AzAbhAI, zivAbhAI ha. paTela ane emanAM patnI, gulAmarasUla kurezI vageree vyaktigata satyAgrahamAM bhAga lIdho hato. 1941 daramyAna manubhAI ke. paTela, vAmanarAva mukAdama, mANekalAla , gAMdhI, mANekalAla ma. gAMdhI, ramaNalAla mazarUvALA, rAmaprasAda kensekTara, lakSmIdAsa Azara, darabAra gopAladAsa, baLavaMtarAya mahetA, pramodAbahena gosaLiyA, prabhAvatI aMbAlAla, pannAlAla jhaverI, nAnIbahena jhaverI, nIru desAI, asagaraalI gAMdhI, IzvaralAla choTAlAla desAI, kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, cimanabhAI dAdubhAI desAI, kAMtilAla ziyA. sUryakAMtA rudraprasAda vageree bhAga lIdhe hate. satyAgrahIo jelamAM kAMtavA uparAMta pustakonuM ane vartamAnapatronuM vAcana, Tenisa ke zataraMja ke pAnA ramavAmAM ane nedha vagere lakhavAmAM emane samaya gALatA hatA. 1941nA eprila mAsamAM amadAvAdamAM komI ramakhANa phATI nIkaLyuM hatuM, kemI ramakhANa daramyAna sarakArI adhikArIonuM ekataraphI muslimenI tarapheNa karatuM valaNa kemavAdane uttejana ApanAra hatuM. komI ramakhANa ane krisa mizananI vATAghATo daramyAna paNa AMdolana cAlu hatuM, paNa thoDA vakhata baMdha rahyA bAda 5-1-1941 thI e pharI cAlu karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. samagra dezamAMthI 20,000 jeTalA satyAgrahIoe jelavAsa svIkAryo hate.14 194ra nI pUrvasaMdhyAe 1941nI vasaMta RtumAM jarmanIe raziyA upara caDAI karI hatI. A kAraNe sAmyavAdIo briTana-taraphI banI gayA hatA ane A yuddhane teo layuddha tarIke khapAvatA hatA. A kAraNe teo lekenI sahAnubhUti gumAvI beThA hatA ane juvAne tathA vidyAthIo uparanI emanI pakaDa gumAvI hatI. rAte pala hArbara upara humale karI, samagra agni eziyAnA deze haDapa karI

Page #96
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 1932-47) brahmadezanI sarahada sudhI e AvI pahoMcyuM hatuM. briTiza naukAsainyanA virATakAya yuddha-jahAjone palakamAM eoe nAza karyo hate. siMgApura pAkelA phaLa mAphaka laData vinA eoe hAtha karyuM hatuM, AthI presiDenTa rUjhavelTe yuddhadevatA briTiza vaDApradhAna carcila upara bhArata sAthe samAdhAna karavA dabANa karyuM ane sTepharDa krisane eNe vATAghATa mATe 1-4-42 nA roja mekalyA. yuddha bAda sAMsthAnika svarAjya, baMdhAraNa sabhA tathA je prAMta alaga thavA cAhe teone svataMtra thavAnI chUTa rahe e enI janAnI mukhya zarata hatI. dezI rAjyanI prajA aMge emAM kaI jogavAI na hatI. tAtkAlika chUTachATa kAunsilanA sabhya vadhu saMkhyAmAM rakhAya teTalI hatI. gAMdhIjI tathA gresanA netAone dezanA vibhAjananI ne kAyama vividha kemene laDatA rAkhavAnI AmAM gaMdha jaNAtAM emanI darakhAsta nakAravAmAM AvI. krisa mizananI amerikana prajA ane pramukha rujhavelTane dekhIte saMtoSa ApavAnI ramata hatI. herelDa lAskIne mate "le ke choDo" jevAM valaNavALI A yojanAno hetu hiMda svarAjaya ApavAne badale pracArane vadhu hato. 194ra nI hiMda choDo caLavaLa ane gujarAta jApAne pala hArbara upara humalo karI yuddhamAM jhaMpalAvatAM ane dakSiNa eziyAnA pradeze malAyA brahmadeza vagere jItI letAM bhAratanI pUrva sarahada saLagI UDI ane jApAne vizAkhApattana tathA kAkInADA upara humale karatAM gAMdhIjIe aMgrejone bhArata choDI javA mATe "harijana" patranA lekho dvArA jaNAvyuM. krisa mizana niSphaLa gayuM ane aMgrejonI dAnata zuddha jaNAtI na hatI. gAMdhIjI tathA anya netAoe AkharI AMdolana mATe lekane taiyAra karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. saradAre gujarAtanI prajAne laDatane saMdeza ApatAM jaNAvyuM ke "AvI paLa pharIthI AvavAnI nathI. manamAM kazo bhaya rAkhaze nahi. ema kahevAnuM na maLe ke gAMdhIjI elA hatA. 74 varasanI uMmare hiMdanI laData laDavA A be upADavA teo bahAra paDyA che tyAre ApaNe paNa ApaNI pharaja vicArI laIe. tamArI pAse mAgaNI thAya ke na thAya, vakhata Ave ke na Ave, tamAre kazuM pUchavApaNuM rahetuM nathI. have kayo kAryakrama ema pUchI besI na raheze. 1918mAM raoNleTa eNkeTanA virodhathI mAMDIne Aja sudhI jeTalA kAryakrama karyA che te badhAne AmAM samAveza karavAnuM che. nAkaranI laData, savinaya kAnUnabhaMga ane evI ja bIjI je laData sIdhI rIte sarakArI taMtrane aTakAvI denArI haze tene koMgresa apanAvI leze. relave. vALA relave baMdha karIne, tAravALA tArakhAtuM baMdha karIne, TapAlavALA TapAlakhAtuM choDIne, sarakArI nokara nekarIo choDIne, zikSaka ane vidyAthIo zALAo

Page #97
7ra AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ane kolejo baMdha karIne, ema sahu sarakAranAM tamAma yaMtrone aTakAvI de A jAtanI laDAI thavAnI che temAM tame sau bhAI bahene sAtha Apajo. gAMdhIjI upara hAtha paDe te covIsa kalAkamAM briTiza sarakAranuM taMtra tUTI paDe ema karavAnI tAkAta tamArA hAthamAM che. tamane saghaLI cAvIo batAvavAmAM AvI che, tene amala karajo." 8mI ogasTanI madharAte maLelI koMgresanI mahAsamitie aMgrejone bhArata choDavA ane ema na kare te ahiMsaka vyApaka AMdolana karavA TharAva karyo. gAMdhIjIe kareMge yA mareMge' ne maMtra ApI satyAgrahanI badhI rIte upayoga karavA jaNAvyuM. A AMdolanane prAraMbha karatAM pahelAM gAMdhIjI vAIsaroyane maLIne chelle prayAsa karavA IcchatA hatA, paNa ema na banyuM ane 9mI oNgasTe gAMdhIjI tathA bIjA AgevAna kegresIonI sarakAre dharapakaDa karI. sabhA saraghasa haDatAla ane bhAMgaphoDa dvArA prajAe sarakAranAM pagalAne javAba Ape. sarakAre Tenka ane mazinagananuM pradarzana karyuM. polIsa thANa, sarakArI corA, tAra-TapAla phiksa, relave upara humalA thayA, aneka sthaLoe pATA ukheDAyA. bihAra satArA vagere vistAramAM sarakArI zAsana thaMbhI gayuM. samAjavAdI netAoe tathA anya keMgresI netAoe bhUgarbhamAM rahIne AMdolananuM saMcAlana karyuM. azruta paTavardhana, rAmamanohara lohiyA, aruNA asaphaalI, azoka mahetA vagere samAjavAdI AgevAna hatA. satArAnA nAnA pATIla vageree tathA choTubhAI purANI ne emanA sAthIo manajI solA, paMcamahAlanA keTalAka kAryakara vageree bhAMgaphoDanA kAyakramamAM bhAga lIdhe hatA. saurASTramAM bhAvanagaranA guNavaMtarAya purohita ane emanA bhAIo tathA amarelInA kezubhAI bhAvasAra tathA keTalAka vidyAthIo A pravRttimAM bhaLyA hatA. sarakAre goLIbAra lAThIcAja dharapakaDa vagere damananAM pagalAM levA chatAM AMdolana zamyuM nahi. 194ra nA aMta sudhImAM 1,028 mANasa mAryA gayA, 3200 ghAyala thayA, 60,000 nI dharapakaDa thaI ane 26,000ne jela maLI tema 18,000ne aTakAyatamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA. | gujarAtamAM AMdolanamAM amadAvAde raMga rAkhyA hatA. amadAvAdanA milamajaree sADA traNa mAsa sudhI haDatALa jALavI rAkhI hatI. anya kArakhAnAM ane bajAre paNa baMdha hatAM. zALA ane kolejo cha thI ATha mAsa sudhI baMdha rahI. amadAvAda myunisipAliTIe hiMda cheDo' nA TharAvane bahAlI ApI ane tethI 23-9-1942 nA roja enI barataraphI thaI. 16mI okaTobarathI myunisipAliTInA kAmadAro paNa haDatAla upara UtaryA. 1944 mAM cUMTaNI thatAM gresa pakSanA kAryakaro cUMTAyA. sarakAre myunisipAliTIne gerakAyadesara rIte baratarapha

Page #98
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM (I.sa. 193ra-47) karI che e emaNe TharAva karyo ne pravartamAna saMjogomAM kAma thaI zake ema nathI ema jAhera karyuM, tethI 13-4-44nA reja myunisipAliTI pharI baratarapha thaI, enA amaladArane paNa baratarapha karAyA hatA. ogasTanI AThamI tArIkhe ravizaMkara mahArAje gujarAta kolejanA chAtrAlayamAM ekaThA thayelA vidyArthIone laData mATe taiyAra rahevA hAkala karI hatI. 10 mI ogasTe laeN kaeNleja sAmenA medAnamAMthI dhvajavaMdana bAda 2,000 vidyArthIoe ane ra00 vidyArthinIoe rASTradhvaja sAthe saraghasa kADhyuM. saraghasa gujarAta koleja najIka pahoMcyuM tyAre pilIse emane aTakAvyuM ane teo na vIkharAtAM lAThImAra karyo. emanAthI keTalAka vinoda kinArIvALA vagere gujarAta kolejanA kampAunDamAM pravezyA. pilIse upara paththaramAro thayo. pri. paTavardhana tathA pro. dhIrubhAI vacce paDA ne dhIrubhAIne lAThIne phaTako paDyo. vinoda kinArIvALA dhvaja sAthe AgaLa hatuM. eNe chAtI khullI karI polIsane paDakAra pheMkyo ane e polIsanI goLIthI vIMdhAI gayo ne zahIda thaye. 16 mI oNgasTanA divase rASTriya vidyAthI saMgrAma samiti ramaNikalAla zAhanA pramukhapaNuM nIce racAI. teo laDatanA samAcAra ApatI gupta "vidyAthI patrikA" bahAra pADatA hatA. A leke zALA kelejo para pikeTiMga goThavIne haDatAlane anumodana ApatA hatA. 15-9-4ra nA roja "vidyAthI-dina'nI ujavaNI karAI ne gujarAta koleja upara rASTradhvaja pharakAvA. TeliphenanA tAra paNa kapAyA hatA ane thAMbhalA paNuM ukheDI nakhAyA hatA. 1942 nA sapTembaramAM sarasapura vistAramAM posTa ophisane Aga lagADI hatI ane tAra-TeliphonanAM deraDAM kApI nakhAyAM hatAM. senTa jheviyara hAIskUla, sarakArI galsa hAIskUla, eca. ela. komarsa koleja, ela. e. zAha lo leja vagere upara humalA thayA hatA ane teonuM kAmakAja aTakAvI devAyuM hatuM. amadAvAdanA 80,000 vidyAthIoe 250 divasa lAMbI haDatAla pADI hatI vidyAthIonA 16 AgevAnonI 27-3-1943 nA roja dharapakaDa karAI hatI. vidyAthIoe "rAjakIya kedI phaMDa ugharAvyuM hatuM. keTalAka vidyArthI netAo vidyAthI--laDatane Teke ane mArgadarzana ApavA muMbaI vaDodarA bharUca ane surata gayA hatA. mahilAo saraghasa kADhavA uparAMta zahIdonAM kuTuMbanI dekhabhALa rAkhavAnuM tathA patrikA chApavAnuM ane vaheMcavAnuM kAma karatI hatI. polIsanA lAThImAramAM 35 bahenane IjA thaI hatI ane 26 bahenenI dharapakaDa karAI ne teone kedanI sajA karAI hatI.

Page #99
74 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI myunisipAliTInI zALAo tathA anya zALAo baMdha rahI hatI. sarakAranI dhamakI sAme teo DagyA na hatA. 400 uparAMta zikSakone chUTA karAyA hatA, 23 mAdhyamika zALA baMdha rahI hatI ane enA 14,000 vidyAthI zALAmAM gayA na hatA. 1,100 mAdhyamika zikSakone chUTA karavA neTisa apAI hatI, ema chatAM ATha mAsa zALAo baMdha rahI hatI. laDatanA samAcAra "IkliAba" "rAjadroha kegresa patrikA" "AjhAda hiMda 'taNakhA" "vidyAthI patrikA" vagere dvArA maLatA hatA. A mATe judAM judAM sthaLoethI patrikAonuM prakAzana thatuM hatuM. gUjarAta vidyApITha taraphathI paNa khAsa patrikA bahAra paDatI hatI, amadAvAda zaherane judA judA vibhAgamAM vaheMcI laDatanuM saMcAlana zaherasUbA DaoN. jayaMtIbhAI ThAkara karatA hatA. varDa piLa ane zerIne nAyake nImyA hatA. patrikA lakhavAnuM kAma utsavabhAI parIkha, umAzaMkara jozI vagere karatA hatA. patrikA vaheMcavAnuM kAma vezapalaTa karI zAkavALA dUdhavALA vagere banIne karatA hatA. A saMgaThana adUbhuta hatuM. bhUgarbhamAM rahIne laDatamAM bhAga lenArAo mATe yuverA' tarIke rU. 21,000 ekaThA karAyA hatA. gAMdhIjIe 10-2-1943 nA roja 21 divasanA upavAsa karyA tyAre amadAvAdanI milae be divasa kAma baMdha rAkhyuM hatuM. upavAsane bIje divase zaheramAM saMpUrNa haDatAla paDI hatI. gAMdhIjInA dIrdhAyuSa mATe prArthanAsabhAo jAI hatI. gupta kArya kare vaDodarA tathA anya dezI rAjyamAM Azraya laIne kAma karatA hatA. vAnarasenA polIsa tathA polIsa cekIo vagere upara paththaramAro karatI hatI. amadAvAdanA vIjaLIgharane bombathI uDAvI devAne prayatna thayo hato. 1942 nA eNkTobarathI Disembara daramyAna paththaramArAnA sauthI vadhAre banAva banyA hatA. sarakArI ane ardha sarakArI kacerIo ane sudharAInI zALAone Aga lagADavAnA 58 banAva banyA hatA. milemAM paNa Aga caMpAI hatI. piLomAM ghUsI lAThImAra karanAra polIsa upara tejAba nAkhavAnA 26 banAva banyA hatA, tethI trIseka pilIse ane adhikArIo dAjhaLyA hatA. 210 sthaLoe tAra-TapAlanAM doraDAM pAyAM hatAM. mAdalapura ane kecarabanA sarakArI corA upara humale karI sarakArI bharaNAnI rakama lUMTavAmAM AvI hatI. vAhanavyavahAramAM aDacaNa UbhI karavA raste khAdI khADA karAtA hatA. 150 jeTalA yuvake lehIthI sahI karI khapravRttimAM joDAyA hatA. ke. jI. prabhu, naMdalAla jozI, haribhAI DAyara, nArAyaNabhAI paTela

Page #100
rAjakIya jAgRti H briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 1932-47) 75 vagere mokhare hatA. mAdalapura pAsenuM relavenuM nALuM toDavA prayAsa thaye hate. baoNmba phUTavAnA, maLI AvavAnA ke phekvAnA kula 66 banAva beMdhAyA hatA. A pravRttimAM saMDovAyelAo paikI naMdalAla jozI tathA narahari rAvaLa maraNa pAmyA hatA. vIjaLIgharamAM ne enAM saba-sTezanamAM bomba mUkyA hatA, tethI zaheramAM aMdhArapaTa chavAyo hato. kalela-IsaMDa vacce ane naDiyAda najIka Trena uthalAvavAnA prayAsa thayA hatA. amadAvAdamAMthI 1,057 mANasanI dharapakaDa thaI hatI. 397 ne hiMda saMrakSaNa dhArA nIce aTakAyatamAM rAkhyA hatA. 430 ne sajA karAI hatI ane rU. 18,000 jeTale daMDa karAyuM hatuM. lAThImAra uparAMta pakaDAyelAone TAMkaNI bheMkavAnA, baraphanI pATa upara suvaDAvavAnA ne hADakAM upara mAra mAravAnA banAva banyA hatA. amadAvAdamAMthI pragaTa thatA harijanabaMdhu, gujarAta samAcAra, prabhAta, navasaurASTra, yuddha vagerene laDatanA samAcAra chApavA manAI karI hatI navajIvana presa tathA anya prese upara daroDA paDAyA hatA ane jatI karAI hatI. laDatamAM bhAga lenArane cha mAsathI pAMca varasa sudhInI keda thaI hatI. A laDatamAMthI muslima lIga tathA sAmyavAdIo alaga rahyA hatA. parokSa rIte milamAlikA tathA keTalAka zrImaMtoe A laDatane madada karI hatI. koMgresIo samAjavAdIo tathA vyAyAmazALAnA kAryakaree laDatamAM sAro rasa lIdho hate. amadAvAda uparAMta naDiyAda DAkora cakalAsI bhAdaraNa ane karamasadamAM sarakAre goLIbAra karyo hate. bharUcamAM eka hathiyAradhArI TukaDI polIsa sTezana upara humale karI hathiyAra upADI gaI hatI. emaNe vAgarA tAlukAmAM polIsamathaka upara humale karyo hate. paMcamahAla jillAnI eka oNphisa bALI mUkI hatI. kAlela tAlukAmAM bhAMgaphoDa thaI hatI. surata jillAmAM karADI-maTavADanA tathA anya javAnoe bhAMgaphoDa karI hatI. makanajI solA ane ThAkorabhAI desAI enA AgevAne hatA. bharUcamAM choTubhAI purANI, caMdrazaMkara bhaTTa, meghajI bacana, lallubhAI vageree sarakArane raMjADavAnI pravRtti karI hatI. guNavaMtarAya purohita, jazu mahetA vageree ghoghA umarALA varateja ane dhoLA najIka tAra kApavAnI ane pisTa lUMTavAnI pravRtti karI hatI. lIlApura ane lakhatara vacce be vakhata pisTalavAna emaNe lUTyAM hatAM. vaDodarAnA keTalAka vidyArthIo patrikAo vaheMcavA kheDA jillAnAM gAmomAM pharatA hatA temane aDAsa sTezana pAse AMtarIne polIsoe goLIbAra karyo hato, jemAM traNa vidyAthI zahIda thayA hatA. ghAyala thayelAne pANI pIvA mATe lokone polIsoe javA dIdhA na hatA. amadAvAdamAM umAbhAI kaDiyA zahIda thayA hatA. A laData daramyAna kasturabA tathA mahAdeva desAI jelavAsa daramyAna mRtyu pAmyAM hatAM.

Page #101
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI paMcamahAlamAMthI 8mI augasTe mANekalAla gAMdhI ane mArutisihanI kAlelamAMthI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI hatI. kAlola hAIskUlanA prinsipAla ratanalAla desAI, navanItalAla mahetA ane chabIladAsa mahetAne pakaDavAmAM AvyA hatA. iMgliza hAiskUla-kAlelanI zALAmAM eka mAsa sudhI vidyAthIoe haDatAla pADI hatI DerolamAMthI sAmAjika kAryakara jAhnavIbahena desAInI dharapakaDa karAI hatI. jillA lekala boDe caLavaLane Teko Apyo hato. kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, DAhyAbhAI lekhaMDavALA, rasiklAla kaDakyiA, mAmA sAheba phaDake, lakSmIkAMta zrIkAMta vagerene pakaDI lAMbI kedanI sajA karavAmAM AvI hatI. bhIla sevAmaMDaLanA DAhyAbhAI nAyaka, sukhadevabhAI trivedI, pAMDuraMga vaNakara ane aMbAlAla vyAsane anizcita mudata mATe aTakAyatamAM levAmAM AvyA hatA. bhIla sevAmaMDaLanA 35 vidyArthIone ane che vidyArthinIone kedanI sajA karAI hatI. saraghasa kADhavAnA ne emAM bhAga levAnA Aropasara bAbubhAI gAMdhI, vallabhadAsa modI ane ratilAla desAInI tathA nava vyaktionI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI hatI. naTavaralAla mAstarane sAIkalesTAIla mazina rAkhavA badala 25 divasa laka-apamAM rAkhyA hatA, paNa kesa puravAra thaI zakyo na hate. gharamAM gerakAyadesara patrikA rAkhavA cimanalAla Ayane nava mAsanI sajA karAI hatI. dAhodamAM 2-5-1947 nA roja dhvaja sAthe saraghasa kADhavA badala jayaMtIlAla kaDakyiAnI dharapakta karAI hatI ne kedanI sajA karAI hatI. divALInA divase gedharA skUla borDanA makAnane Aga lagADAI hatI. 1942 DisembaranA trIjA aThavADiyA daramyAna agaravADAnI polIsacokI (cAvaDI). ane eNkisa bALI mUkavAmAM AvI hatI. talATI pAsenI rekaDa rakama lUMTI levAI hatI. jillAnI eka aiphisa mAM tathA kAlelamAM bhAMgaphoDa karAI hatI. satyAgrahIo sAthe kAlelamAM polIsane eka vAra athaDAmaNa thaI hatI. bhImasiMha vecAtabhAI paramAra briTiza rAjya sAme bahAravaTe nIkaLyA hatA. 21-2-1947 nA roja beraDiyA gAma ane 22-2-1943nA roja vAghajIparA gAma eNe lUTayAM hatAM ane paradezI mAlane Aga lagADI hatI. 12-3-1947 nA roja kuvajAra lUMTayuM hatuM. A lUMTamAM hAtha hovAthI 11 zikSakonI tathA grAmapaMcAyatanA eka maMtrI sahita 6. mANasanI bhImasiMhane madada karavAnA Aropasara sarakAre dharapakaDa karI hatI. A vakhate bhImasiMhe pote ja lUMTa karI hatI ema jaNAvI pitAne pakaDavA paDakAra pheMkayo hato. dAhadamAMthI AjhAda patrikA" bahAra paDatI hatI. paMcamahAla jillA lola borDanA sabhya bhAIlAlabhAI paTelane sarakAranAM damanakArI pagalAM vakhate TharAva pasAra karAyo hate.

Page #102
rAjakIya jAgRti : briTiza mulakamAM (I.sa. 1972-7) 77 keTalAMka dezI rAjamAM sabhA saraghasa haDatAla patrikA prakAzana vagera pravRtti hAtha dharAI hatI. bhAvanagaramAM 9mI oNgasTanA divase kezavalAla ThakkaranA pramukhapaNa nIce sabhA maLI hatI. jagubhAI parIkhane laDatanuM netRtva levA Adeza apAyuM hatuM. laDatanA kAryakramanA bhAgarUpe sarakAranA yuddhanA kAryakramane madada thAya evI pravRttio baMdha karAvavA pikeTiMga karavA nirNaya thayo hato. darabAragaDha cekamAM dararoja latanA samAcAra apAtA hatA. laDatanA samAcAra mATe 'ge AjhAdI' nAmanI patrikAnuM kAma bAbubhAI zAhe upADI lIdhuM hatuM. sAMjanI sabhAmAM vajubhAI zAha, jAdavajI modI, AtmArAmabhAI ne jagubhAI pravacana karatA hatA. lazkaranA gaNezane oNrDara eka darajI bhAI e letAM ene samajAvI e oNrDara rada karAvyo hato. bhAvanagara parAnI relavenI varkazopamAM yuddha mATenI yAMtrika sAmagrI taiyAra thatI hatI, tethI 30-8-1942 nA roja jagubhAI parIkhanI netAgIrI nIce tyAM pikeTiMga goThavavA vicArAyuM hatuM, paNa 31-8-4ra nA roja DaoN. kezavalAla, jagubhAI parIkha, AtmArAmabhAI, vajubhAI zAha, jAdavajI medI, lallubhAI maNiyAra ahamadaalI vorA, chelabhAI ojhA, rahemAna lAkhANI vagere 19 AgevAnI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI hatI. baLavaMtarAya mahetA keMgresanI beThakamAMthI pAchA pharatA hatA tyAre emane sureMdranagara sTezane pakaDI levAmAM AvyA hatA. nAnAbhAI bhaTTanI ra7-8-42 nA roja dharapakaDa karAI hatI 2-10-42 nA roja baMdara upara dArUgaLe Utarate hate evA samAcAra maLyA hatA. 2,000 jeTalAM strI-puruSoe e aTakAvavA bhAga lIdho hate. manubhAI paMcoLI, deveMdra desAI ane prahalAdarAya vakIlanI gerakAyadesara praveza mATe dharapakaDa karAI hatI. kula 111 vyakti pakaDAI hatI. mukhya netAone be varasanI sakhata sajA ne rU. 2,000 daMDanI sajA karAI hatI. 51 senAnIone rU. 1,000 daMDa karAyA hatA. 18 jaNane koTa UThatAM sudhInI sajA ane rU. 500 ne daMDa karAyo hato, bAkInAne choDI mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. moTA bhAganA jelamAM jatAM mANekabahena, jayAbahena zAha, sarojabahena zAha vageree laDatanI AgevAnI lIdhI hatI. emane kAcI jelanI sajA thaI hatI. piolIsa lAThImAra karatI hatI tyAre sarojabahene khasyA vinA emane paDakAra karyo hato. 21-10-1942 nA roja senAnIone keda ne daMDanI sajA thaI e mATe AMbAcokamAM sabhA bharI hatI ane 23-10-42 nA roja saraghasa-AkAre bhAvanagaranA mahArANIne maLavA gayA hatA. 23-10-4rathI dIvAna anaMtarAya paTaNIe myunisipala hadamAM sabhAsaraghasa ane prabhAtapherInI manAI karI hatI. kuMDalAmAMthI gupta patrikA bahAra paDatI hatI. emAM sAIkalesTAIla mazina darabArI hAIskUlanuM vaparAyuM hatuM

Page #103
AjhAdI pahelA ane pachI e za`kAthI hAIskUlanA AcAyanI tapAsa thaI hatI. guNavaMtarAya purAhita ane enA bhAIe nAraNa, kAnajI, jazavaMta mahetA vageree TapAla ne tAra kApavAnI pravRttimAM bhAga lIdhA hatA. 78 vaDodarA rAjyamAM agragaNya kAryakaronI dharapakaDa karAI hatI. keTalAka juvAtA bAmba banAvavAnI ke bhAMgaphADa karavAnI pravRttimAM joDAyA hatA. amarelI tathA pATaNanI hAiskUle te kanyAzALA khALavAmAM AvI hatI. dhArI-amarelI vaccenA tAra kezubhAI bhAvasAra vageree kApyA hatA. ratubhAi adANIe paNa bhAMgaphADa-pravRttimAM bhAga lIdhA hatA. UMjhAmAM mudhAlAla zAha nAmanA dhanikanA putrane uThAvI javA kAvataruM ghaDAyu hatuM. emAM ijanera zrI mevADA, naTavaralAla rAvaLa, tulasIbhAI paTela vagere saMDovAyA hatA, kAvataruM pakaDAI gayu hatuM. saija zerathA pAse naTavaralAla paMDitanI AgevAnI nIce 5,000 mANasAnA TALAe polIsane nasADyA hatA ane IsaDa-kalela vacce Trena uthalAvavA prayAsa thayA hatA. rAjakoTamAMthI ucharaMgarAya Dhebara ane vajubhAI zuklanI dharapakaDa karAI hatI. rANapura ane vaDhavANamAMthI phUlacaMdabhAI ane zivAnaMda, muMbaImAM uSA mahetA vageree AjhAda bhAratanuM reDiyA sTezana zarU karyu` hatu`. subhASabAbunI AjhAda hiMda phojamAM keTalAka gujarAtI joDAyA hatA, ane brahmadeza malAyA thAilaeNnDamAM vasatA gujarAtIoe ene sArI madada karI hatI. 1942 nA aMtabhAgamAM 'hiMda cheDA'nI caLavaLa, vyApaka prajAkIya AMdalana ApoApa dhImu paDe e nyAye dhImI paDatAM 1943 mAM enA aMta AvyA hatA. A caLavaLamAM ahiMsaka ane hiMsaka ane prakAre pratikAra karavAmAM AvyA hatA. sarakArane lazkara mATe kApaDa, anAja, davAo vagerenI khUba ja jarUra hatI tethI eNe anAja khAMDa kerosina kApaDa vagerenI mApAdhI dAkhala karI hatI. mAMdhavArI khUba ja vadhI gaI hatI ane kALAM bajAra asvimAM AvyAM hatAM. udyogAne sAro taDAko paDayo hateA ane naphAkhorI sAva`trika banI hatI. baMgALanA mAnavasarji`ta dukALamAM lAkhA mANasa marI gayA hatA. A prasaMge anAja kApaDa ane nANAMnI sahAya gujarAte karI hatI ane rAhatakedronA saMcAlana mATe kAyakarA paNa mokalyA hatA. saurASTra ane kaccha paradezI vistAra gaNAtA hAvAthI A pradezanA lokone kApaDa gALa anAja vagere pUratA pramANamAM meLavavAnI muzkelI paDI hatI. briTiza hiMdanA bhAgAmAMthI dezI rAjyAmAM upayu kta vastu mokalavA upara aMkuza hatA ema chatAM saurASTranAM khadarA dvArA madhyapUrva"nA dezAmAM kApaDa khAMDa dIvAsaLI vagere chUpI rIte vahANA dvArA mekalAyAM hatAM.

Page #104
rAjakIya jAgRtiH briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 1972-7) okhA pAse okhAmI najIka jApAne sabamarIna dvArA jAsUse mokalyA hatA, paNa e pakaDAI gayA hatA. sTImara-vyavahAra lagabhaga baMdha thaI gayuM hatuM. sarakAre badhI sTImaro yuddhanA vyavahAra mATe hastagata karI hatI, AthI vepAravaNajamAM harakata UbhI thaI hatI, ane leke muzkelImAM mukAyA hatA. barmAmAMthI laDAIne kAraNe jaMgalanA raste gujarAtIo bhArata AvI gujarAta pAchA pharyA hatA, jyAre malAyA hoMgakoMga IsTa InDIjha (inDoneziyA) vagere deze jApAne vIjaLIvege AkramaNa karI jItI lIdhA hevAthI bahu thoDA jaNa vimAnamAge AvI zakyA hatA. vimAna ane anya sAdhano lazkaranA adhikArIonI nAsabhAga mATe vaparAzamAM levAyAM hatAM. 1942 nI 'hiMda choDo' caLavaLa daramyAna ane e pachI muslima lIganI asara muslimomAM vadhatI jatI hatI. 1937nI muMbaInI dhArAsabhAnI cUMTaNImAM keMgresanA be muslima umedavAra cUMTAI zakyA na hatA, jyAre muslima lIge pasa da karelA badhA umedavAra cUMTAyA hatA. 1942nI caLavaLa daramyAna emaNe rASTravirodhI valaNa dAkhavyuM hatuM ane sAmyavAdIo sAthe rahIne zAhIvAdI hitenI AsanAvAsanA karI hatI.15 AjhAdInI pUrvasaMdhyA 6 ThThI me, 1944 nA roja gAMdhIjIne jelamAM meleriyA lAgu paDatAM sarakAre emane mukta karyA hatA. emaNe jUnanI 17 mIe vAIsayane maLavAnI ane e pachI koMgresa kArobArIne meLavavAnI IcchA vyakta karI hatI. sarakAra hiMdane svarAjya Ape te sarakAranA yuddhaprayAsane teo madada rUpa thavA icchatA hatA ane satyAgraha pAchA kheMcI levA salAha ApavA taiyAra hatA, paNa emanI mAgaNIne svIkAra thayo na hato, AthI gAMdhIjIe mahamadaalI jhINuM sAthe maLIne vATAghATo karI, paNa e niSphaLa gaI. lorDa vevale cAlu baMdhAraNanA mALakhAmAM rahI kAmacalAu sarakAra racavAnI ane ene vadhu sattA ane javAbadArI ApavAnI yojanA ghaDI, emaNe muslima lIgane vInI sattA ApyA jevuM karyuM hatuM, ene pariNAme vAIsareya vevale keMgresane vizvAsa gumAvyuM. carcilanA rUDhicusta pakSanI sarakAranuM bhArata tarapha anudAra ane sahAnubhUtivihIna valaNa hatuM tethI ane muslima lIMganI pAkistAnanI mAgaNIne vaLagI rahevAnI ane muslimonuM pratinidhitva karatI ekamAtra e ja saMsthA che evAM enAM valaNae kaI prakAranuM hiMdu-muslima samAdhAna azakya banAvyuM hatuM. 1944 mAM ITAlI ane jarmanIe zaraNAgati svIkAratAM briTiza sarakAranI samAdhAna mATenI iMtejArI paNa ochI thaI hatI. yuddhazAMti pachI IMglenDamAM navI cUMTaNI yojAtAM yuddhadevatA carcila sattA uparathI pheMkAI gayA hatA ane majUrapakSa sattA upara Avyo hate. hiMdI

Page #105
80 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vachara pethika-lorensanI AgevAnI nIce pArlAmenTa Deligezana briTananA vaDApradhAna eNTalIe kahyuM hatuM. 194panA DisembaramAM kedranI vaDI dhArAsabhAnI cUMTaNI thatAM emAM lIgane muslimonA 86 TakA ane koMgresane binamuslimonA 90 TakA mata maLyA hatA. jApAne zaraNAgati svIkAratAM saMpUrNa zAMti thaI hatI. AjhAda hiMda phojanA agragaNya aphasaronA khaTalAne kAraNe tathA naukAdaLanA sainikanA baLavAne kAraNe dezamAM navuM vAtAvaraNa sarjAyuM hatuM. saradAra paTelanI daramyAnagIrIthI naukAdaLanA baLavAne theMDA raktapAta bAda aMta Avyo hate. AjhAda hiMda phejanA aphasarone bhUlAbhAI desAIe samartha rIte bacAva karyo hatuM ane A aphasarene mukta karavAnI sarakArane pharaja paDI hatI. sarakArane samajAI gayuM hatuM ke bhAratane have baLajabarIthI kabaje rAkhI zakAze nahi, tethI briTananI majUra sarakAre laghumatInA hakonuM rakSaNa karavAnI jAherAta pachI hiMdane svarAjaya ApavA mATe 24-3-1946 nA roja kebineTa mizana vATAghATa mATe me kahyuM hatuM. mahamadaalI jhINAe A janAne prathama svIkAra karyA bAda inkAra karatAM A yojanAne aMta Avyo hate. 1946 mAM vacagALAnI mizra sarakAra koMgresa ane lIga pakSanI banI hatI, paNa e manameLathI kAma karatI na hatI ane sarakAra be blokamAM vaheMcAI gaI hatI. baMdhAraNa sabhAmAM dAkhala thavAnuM enuM vacana lIge pALyuM nahi. ane pAkistAnanuM gANuM cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. A kAraNe gujarAta sahita baMgALA bihAra uttara-pradeza vageremAM hiMdu-muslima komI ramakhANa thayAM. gujarAtamAM rajabaalI lAkhANI ane vasaMta hegiSTae A ramakhANamAM zAMti sthApavA prayatna karatAM jAna kheyA hatA. 24-3-47 nA roja levalanA sthAne lorDa mAunTabeTana vAksaraya tarIke nimAtAM vATAghATanI kriyA jhaDapI banI ane 14-15 jUnanA divase daramyAna dezanA bhAgalA pADavAnI yojanA kesa tathA lIge svIkArI. gAMdhIjI A yojanA svIkAravAnI viruddha hatA, ema chatAM sAthIonI IcchAne emaNe mAna ApyuM. 1947 nI 15 mI ogasTe deza AjhAda thatAM 1757 thI zarU thayela briTiza zAsanane aMta Avyo. 16 pAdaTIpa 1. zivaprasAda rAjagara, "arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, pR. 211-212; zAMtilAla desAI, "rASTrane svAtaMtryasaMgrAma ane gujarAta,' pR. 245-46 2. Gujarat District Gazetteer, Ahmedabad', pp. 165 f.

Page #106
rAjakIya jAgRtiH briTiza mulakamAM (I. sa. 1932-47) 81 3. Gujarat District Gazetteer, Kheda, pp. 126 ff. 8. Gujarat District Gazetteer, Panchamahals, pp. 167 ff. 5. "svAtaMtryasaMgrAmanA laDavaiyA,' mAhitI khAtuM, amadAvAda, 1969 6. zivaprasAda rAjagora, uparyukta, pR. 212; zAMtilAla desAI uryukta, pR. 247-48 7. amadAvAda ane paMcamahAla jillA gejheTiyara, pR. 166, 171; zAMtilAla desAI uparyukta, pR. 248, 274 8. kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA , 'virAna jIvana, pR. 70-72, 76-77 . K. M. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom, pp. 33 ff. 10. ejana, pR. 44-47; zAMtilAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 279-280 11. zAMtilAla desAI, upayukta, pR. 281-284; IdulAla yAjJika, "AtmakathA', bhAga 1, pR. 18, 19, 33, 41, 59, 125-36, 200, 293; zivaprasAda rAjagora, upayukta, pR. 213 12. "gujarAta eka paricaya', pR. 651-para 13. K. M. Munshi, op. cit, pp. 54 fr. 14. zAMtilAla desAI, upayukta, pR. 304-310 15. jayakumAra zukla, "hiMda choDo laDatamAM amadAvAdanuM pradAna' pR. 4-6, 8, 11, 17, 24-30, 34-36, 39-40, 48-50, 5ra-pa3; Gujarat District Gazetteer (GDG), Ahmedabad, pp. 169 f; GDG, Kheda pp. 126 ff; GDG, Panchamahals pp. 174 ff; GDG, Surindranagar, pp. 135 ff; mahebUba desAI, 'jaranI caLavaLamAM bhAvanagara," "pathika" varSa 20, aMka 10, pR. 19-21 16. zivaprasAda rAjagora, upayukta, pR. 225-226; zAMtilAla desAI uparyukta, pR. 326-334

Page #107
pariziSTa 1 navA rAjakIya pakSo inDiyana naeNzanala koMgresanI sthApanA 1885 mAM thaI hatI. e pachI vIsamI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM bIjA keTalAka navA rAjakIya pakSa sthapAyA hatA ne teoe paNa hiMdanA rAjakAraNamAM bhAga bhajavyuM hatuM. gAMdhIjInI AgevAnI nIce keMgrese svarAjya mATe briTiza sarakAra sAme asahakAra ane ahiMsaka satyAgrahanI laData upADI hatI, paraMtu enuM koI nakkara pariNAma AvatuM nahatuM, AthI keTalAkanI ahiMsAmAMthI zraddhA UThI gaI hatI ane gAMdhIjInI netAgIrI sAme asaMtoSa jAgyo hate. raziyAmAM sAmyavAdanI saphaLatA ane eNe meLavelI siddhine kAraNe keTalAka juvAna samAjavAda ane sAmyavAda tarapha AkarSAyA hatA. jelamAM navarAzanA samayamAM mArkasa lenina vagerenAM pustakonuM adhyayana paNa A juvAne karyuM hatuM ane emane gAMdhIjInI vaga meLanI nIti, TrasTIzipane siddhAMta vagere mUDIvAdanI ALapaMpALa jevAM lAgatAM hatAM. AvAM kAraNosara keMgresamAM rahIne uddAmavAdIoe samAjavAdI pakSa zarU karyo hato. sAmyavAdI pakSa bhAratamAM 1925 mAM sthapAye hato, paNa e gerakAyadesara gaNAto hovAthI bhUgarbhamAM rahIne pravRtti karatuM hatuM. koMgresa-vidhI pratyAghAtI ane kemavAdI vicArasaraNI dharAvate pakSa muslima lIga hatA. enI lAgavaga muslimomAM vadhatI jatI hatI. enA pratyAghAtarUpe hiMdu saMskRti ane samAjanA saMrakSaNa mATe hiMdu mahAsabhA ane rASTriya svayaMsevakadaLa sakriya banyAM hatAM. Ama A samayagALAmAM hiMdanA rAjakAraNamAM keMgresa uparAMta keTalAka navA rAjakIya pakSa vattAochuM varcas dharAvavA lAgyA hatA. samAjavAdI pakSa samAjavAdI vicArasaraNInA puraskartA javAharalAla hatA. 1934 mAM keMgresamAM rUDhicustonuM vadhatuM jatuM prAbalya khALavA mATe ane mAsavAdI vicArasaraNI phelAvavA mATe jayaprakAza nArAyaNa, nareMdradeva, yUsupha maheraalI, azruta paTavardhana, mInu masANI, azoka mahetA, rAmamanohara lohiyA, esa. ema. jozI, gere

Page #108
navA rAjakIya pakSa 23 vageree koMgresamAM eka jUtha tarIke "gresa samAjavAdI pakSanI sthApanA karI hatI. A aMge muMbaImAM 'janmabhUmi' patranA kAryAlayamAM maLI emanuM nivedana bahAra pADayuM hatuM.' gujarAtamAM paMcamahAlanA kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA phebiyana samAjavAdanI vicArasaraNIthI AkarSAyA hatA. 1930-32 nA jelavAsa daramyAna rohita mahetA, IzvaralAla desAI, harilAla zAha vagere paNa samAjavAda tarapha DhaLyA hatA. 1933 nA unALAmAM mAlasaranA maMdiramAM traNacAra aThavADiyAM sAthe rahIne dinakara mahetA, raNachoDa paTela, kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, izvaralAla desAI caMdrabhAI bhaTTa vageree hindrAtmaka bhautikavAda, sAmyavAdanA siddhAMta ane raziyAnI siddhi aMgenAM pustaka lekho vagerene UMDANathI abhyAsa karyo hate. bihAramAM jayaprakAza nArAyaNe samAjavAdI pakSanI zAkhA zarU karI hatI. enAthI prerAIne gujarAtamAM "keMgresa samAjavAdI pakSanI sthApanAnI vicAraNA mATe 17-3-34 nA roja vaDodarA mukAme rahita mahetA, kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, kalpabhAI koThArI, IzvaralAla desAI, ThAkara prasAda paMDyA, raMgIladAsa kApaDiyA vagere maLyA hatA. tyAra bAda 30-6-1934 nA roja sAMje satyAgraha AzramanA harijana chAtrAlayamAM gujarAta samAjavAdI pakSanI sthApanAne TharAva karyo hate. IzvaralAla desAI ane kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA maMtrI tarIke ane dinakara mahetA sahamaMtrI tarIke joDAyA hatA. samAjavAdI pakSanI amadAvAdanI zAkhAnA maMtrI tarIke nIru desAI hatA.5 keTalAka AgevAnonAM jUthee "gujarAta mahAsabhA samAjavAdI jUthanI racanA karI hatI, paNa 2-7-34 nA roja pakSanA nAmamAMthI mahAsabhA' zabda rada karavAmAM AvyA hatA. 1934 nA eNkTobaramAM muMbaImAM koMgresa adhivezana sAthe "akhila bhAratIya kegresa samAjavAdI pakSanuM saMmelana thayuM hatuM. A adhivezanamAM gujarAtamAMthI kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, dinakara mahetA, jIvaNalAla, IzvaralAla desAI, nIru desAI raNachoDa paTela vageree bhAga lIdhe hato. gujarAtamAM koMgresa samAjavAdI pakSanuM adhivezana thayuM e pahelAM enI viruddha gujarAtanAM chApAMomAM jhaMjhAvAtI pracAra zarU thaI gayuM hatuM, AthI kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA tathA dinakara mahetA gujarAtamAM ThekaThekANe deDha mAsa sudhI pracArArthe pharyA hatA. jUna, 1935 mAM bharAyela A pariSadanA pramukha nareMdradeva hatA, jyAre svAgatAdhyakSa sumaMta mahetA hatA. muMbaIthI azoka mahetA, mIna masANI vagere adhivezanamAM hAjara rahyA hatA.8

Page #109
84 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 1934 mAM keMgresa samAjavAdI pakSanI kArobArIe azoka mahetA, rAmamanohara lehiyA ane dinakara mahetA vagerenI samitinI bhalAmaNa mujaba mila kAmadAronA alaga TreDa yuniyananI sthApanA karI hatI. "huM samAjavAdI kema thayo" e aMgenI lekhamALA kamaLAzaMkare zarU karI hatI. rohita mahetA, raNadhIra desAI ameda desAI, janaka dave, che. dAMtavALA vagere surata jillAnA AdivAsI sinemAM kAma karatA hatA. kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA rAjapIpaLA ane paMcamahAlamAM kAma karatA hatA. jIvaNalAla cAMpAneriyAe "samAjavAdanAM mULa to' pustaka lakhyuM hatuM. harilAla zAha relavenA kAmadAronA yuniyananuM kAma saMbhALatA hatA. kamaLAzaMkara samAjavAdI pakSa tathA kisAna AMdolananuM kArya saMbhALatA hatA. iMdulAla yAjJika iglenDathI AvyA bAda kisAna-caLavaLamAM joDAyA hatA.0 mIrAkheDImAM 26-1-1976 nA roja jhAloda-dAhoda tAlukAnA kisAnonuM saMmelana thayuM hatuM temAM jamInadAra zAhukAra ane tAlukadArone paMpALavAnI sarakAranI nItinI TIkA karavAmAM AvI hatI. dAhoda-jhAleda kheDUta saMdhanI racanA karAI hatI ane IdulAla yAjJika enA pramukha thayA hatA ne maMtrI tarIke kamaLAzaMkara paMDyAnI varaNI thaI hatI.11 mAtara tAlukAnA kisAnI caLavaLanI AgevAnI IdulAla yAjJike lIdhI hatI. comAsuM niSphaLa gayuM chatAM bhAre AnAvArIne kAraNe AMdolana zarU thayuM hatuM. 1936 nA pahelA aThavADiyAmAM kheDUtone pratIkAra mATe emaNe tayAra karyA hatA. iMdulAla yAjJikane nAkaranI laData zarU karavAnA bahAnA nIce hadapAra karyA hatA. 12 kheDA jillAmAMnA umeTAnA ThAkore kheDUtone jamIna upara kAyamI haka rada karyo hato, AthI kamaLAzaMkara paMDyAnI AgevAnI nIce AMdolana zarU thayuM hatuM. ThAkare kheDUtone kAyamI haka svIkArI mahesUla-vadhAre rada karIne samAdhAna svIkAryuM hatuM. 13 kisAnI takalIpha ne phariyAda aMge 1936 nA mArcamAM iMdulAla kisAna patrikA' zarU karI hatI. IdulAla yAjJika kisAna-sabhAnA maMtrI banyA hatA.14 idulAle gumAstA ane cAlIonA bhADUtane prazna hAtha upara lIdho hate. bakhalee muMbaInI dhArAsabhAmAM gumAstAdhArA aMgene kharaDe dAkhala karyo hatuM. A aMge amadAvAdamAM gumAstA pariSada bharAI hatI ane chevaTe kAmanA kalAka nakkI thayA hatA.15 1936 mAM kegresa pakSa 1935 nA hiMda kAyadAnI viruddha hatuM ema chatAM keMgrese cUMTaNIomAM bhAga lIdhe ane gavarnara emanA vahIvaTamAM mAthuM na mAre

Page #110
navA rAjakIya pakSa ane emanI khAsa sattAonA durupayoga na kare e zarate pradhAnapada svIkAyu"", samAjavAdIe cUMTaNI tathA hoddA svIkAravA aMge emanA virodha pragaTa karyA hatA. 16 25 phaijapuranA 1937 nA koMgresa adhivezanamAM jamInadArI-nAbUdI sivAyanA devAnI vasUlAta-mekUphI, mahesUla ane gaNAtamAM aDadhA kApa vagere muddAone iMdulAla yAjJika tathA anya samAjavAdIonA AgrahathI koMgresanA TharAvamAM sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM hUMtu 17 samAjavAdI pakSamAM be jUthA vacce tItra saMdha'nI zarUAta thaI hatI. keTalAka javAharalAla jevI samAjavAdI vicArasaraNI dharAvatA hatA. azAka mahetA ane mInu masANI A dizAmAM ghasaDAyA hatA. jayaMtI dalAla, jiteMdra mahetA ane izvaralAla desAI A valaNa tarapha vaLyA hatA. bhogIlAla gAMdhI, nIru desAI, kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, dinakara mahetA, raNacheADa paTela sAmyavAda tarapha DhaLelA hatA. 18 samAjavAdIe iMdulAla yAjJika tathA sAmyavAdI kAya karAne kAraNe pAMcamahAlanA bhAlA, kheDA jillAnA kherasada ane ANaMda mAtara vagere tAlukAnA sImAMta kheDUtA tathA ThAkora kheDUte ane surata jillA ane vaDodarA rAjyanA navasArI prAMtanA mAMDavI mAMgarALa bAraDolI sonagaDha vyArA vagere tAlukAnA kheDUtAmAM jAgRti AvI hatI. AdivAsI kheDUtemAM DaoN. sumaMta mahetA, DI. jI. pAMgArakara, caMdrabhAI bhaTTa, jayaMtIbhAI pArekha, jamanAdAsa medI vagere kAma karatA hatA. suma'ta mahetAe hALIonI avadazA upara lekha lakhyA hatA.19 24-25 eprila, 1937 nA rAja kamaLAdevInA pramukhapaNA nIce dAhedamAM khIjI samAjavAdI pariSada maLI hatI. yuvAdha ane duSkALarAhata aMge TharAveA karyAM hatA. mInu masANI, maheraalI vagere hAjara rahyA hatA.20 1938 nI zarUAtamAM lAhoramAM keMgresa samAjavAdI pakSanu` vASirSIka sa Mmelana thayuM temAM samAjavAdI tathA sAmyavAdIo vacce vicArasa''nI zarUAta thaI hatI.ra 21 1939 mAM tripurI oNMgresanA pramukha tarIke uddAmavAdIonA ane samAjavAdIonA sahakArathI subhASabApu cuMTAI AvyA hatA, paNa kArAbArInI racanA a Mge matabheda paDatAM matagaNatarI vakhate samAjavAdI pakSa taTastha rahyo hatA ane

Page #111
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI eo trIjA bhAganA mata dharAvatA hatA tethI subhASacaMdra bahumatI prApta karI zakyA na hatA.22 1939 mAM bIjuM vizvayuddha zarU thayuM tyAre samAjavAdIoe briTiza sarakArane Teke na Apo evuM valaNa akhatyAra karyuM hatuM ane enI sAme AjhAdI mATe sIdhI laData zarU karavA maMtavya vyakta karyuM hatuM. lazkarI bharatInA kAyadAne virodha karIne teoe dAhodamAM saLagatI mazAlavALuM saraghasa kADhayuM hata. 23 koMgresa samAjavAdI pakSamAMthI sAmyavAdIone dUra karavA nirNaya levAyo hatuM ane gujarAtanA samAjavAdI pakSanuM visarjana karI kamaLAzaMkara paMDyAne taMtravAhaka tarIke jyaprakAze nImyA hatA. 24 rAmagaDha adhivezana pachI vardhAmAM koMgresa kArobArI sAthe samAjavAdIonI kAryavAhaka samiti maLI ane satyAgrahanI anivAryatA svIkArAI vyaktigata satyAgrahamAM samAjavAdI vicArasaraNIvALA kAryakaree bhAga laI jelavAsa svIkAryo hate. samAjavAdIoe gAMdhIjInI bhArata choDo' laDatane Teko Apyo hato.25 8-8-1942 nA roja laDatane TharAva thayA bAda samAjavAdI pakSanI kArobArInA sabhyonI dharapakaDa thaI hatI. gujarAtamAM tathA anyatra keTalAka sabhyoe gupta vAsa svIkArI aMgrejI zAsana sAme laData cAlu rAkhI hatI. choTubhAI purANI ane emanA sAthIo AmAM agresara hatA. valasADamAM kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA tathA zrIkAMte sAthe maLI laDatamAM sahakAra ApavA masalata karI hatI. kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA bhUgarbhamAM gayA na hatA ane emanI 14-8-42 nA roja dharapakaDa thaI hatI. nIru desAI, narabherAma popaTa, bAbulAla mAraLiyA, ThAkarabhAI zAha vagerenI dharapakaDa thaI hatI. bharUcanA vidyAthI kAryakare yogeza desAI sajajanalAla talATI vageree ThAkaralAla zAhane Teko ApI laDatamAM sAtha Apyo hate. samAjavAdI netAo paikI amyuta paTavardhana, aruNA asaphaalI, rohita dave, pITara avArIsa vagere bhUgarbhamAM rahIne pravRtti karatA hatA. gujarAtamAM amadAvAda sivAyanA badhA samAjavAdIo kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA sAthe hatA.20 samAjavAdIoe 1942nI caLavaLa daramyAna bhAMgaphoDanI pravRtti apanAvI hatI ane jarUra paDye ahiMsAne tyAga karI hiMsaka pravRtti zarU karI hatI. 1947nI zarUAtamAM samAjavAdI pakSanuM kAnapura adhivezana bharAyuM tyAre emaNe koMgresa zabda rada karyo. Ama svataMtra samAjavAdI pakSa 1947 thI astitvamAM Avyo.28 sAmyavAdI pakSa bhAratanA je buddhijIvIone gAMdhIjInI ahiMsAnI tathA varga meLanI ane TrasTIzipanI philasUphI mAnya na hatI teo raziyAnI sAmyavAdI vicAra

Page #112
navA rAjakIya pakSa saraNIthI AkarSAyA hatA. 1922-24 daramyAna emaNe kAmadAra-pravRtti zarU karI hatI. 1924 mAM kaoNminTana" (komyunisTa inTaranaeNzanala)nAM aMkuza ane deravaNI nIce ane moTe bhAge amerikana ane briTiza sAmyavAdIonA mAga daza`na dvArA bhAratamAM sAmyavAdI caLavaLanI zarUAta thaI hatI. gujarAtanA pArasI zApurajI sakalAtavALA lanDananI emanI sArI nokarI choDIne A pakSamAM joDAyA hatA. mAnavedrarAya te raziyana poliTabyUronA sabhya tarIke cInamAM salAhakAra tarIke kAma karatA hatA. bhAratamAM sAmyavAdI pakSanI sthApanA 1925 mAM thaI hatI.29 87 koMgresa tathA gAMdhIjI ane saradAranI prabaLa asarane kAraNe sAmyavAdanI asara amadAvAda vaDodarA surata vagere zahera pUratI maryAdita rahI hatI ane majUrAmAM ane kisAnAmAM amuka aMze emaNe pagadaMDo jamAvyo hatA. samAjavAdIe sAthe rahIne 1935 sudhI sAmyavAdIe "gAMdhI luccA sudhArAvAdI che ane leAkalAgaNIne ADe mAge caDAvI devA mATe aMgreja zAhIvAdIonuM sAdhana che" evA pracAra karatA hatA, paraMtu 1935 pachI rASTravAdI tathA zAhIvAdavirodhI baLA sAthe saMyukta mArA sthApavAnI nIti raziyAe apanAvatAM gujarAtamAM paNa sAmyavAdI koMgresa samAjavAdI pakSamAM joDAI gayA hatA.30 gujarAtamAM raEADa paTela, hariprasAda desAI vagere sakriya kAryAMkarA hatA. muMbaIthI bhAradrAja, jalAluddIna mukhArI vagere AvIne mAgadazana ApatA hatA. tA. 31-12-1933 nArAja gujarAtanA sAmyavAdI pakSanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. ee gupta rIte rAtrivargo ane abhyAsavatu LamAM raziyAnI siddhi, mAsa ane e MgalsanA meniphesTo ane raziyana netAnAM jIvanacaritronI carcA dvArA sAmyavAdI vicArasaraNIne phelAvA karatA hatA. emanI pravRtti mATe bhAge gupta rIte cAlatI hatI. 1934 mAM bhArata sarakAre sAmyavAdI pakSa ane lAla vAvaTA kAmadAra maMDaLa sahita nava pakSA upara pratibaMdha mUko hatA tethI koMgresa samAjavAdI pakSamAM joDAI ne teo aMgrejI zAsananI jhATakaNI kADhavAmAM ane emanI sAmenI laDatamAM bhAga letA hatA. dinakara mahetA gujarAtI sAmyavAdI pakSanA kAmacalAu maMtrI paNa hatA. kAmezvararAva nAmanA telugu juvAna amadAvAda khAte rahI sAmyavAdI sAhitya lAvavAnuM kAya` saMbhALatA hatA.31 1935 nA oNgasTa mAsamAM navA kAmadAra yuniyananI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI ane enuM joDANa akhila hiMda TreDa-yuniyana kaeNoNMgresa sAthe yu hatu. raNachoDa paTela, dinakara mahetA vagere sAMje mile chUTavAnA samaye hAthamAM lAla vAvaTo laIne milanA jhAMpe ke najIka majUra-sabhA bharatA hatA ane emane mUDIvAdIzASaNa, kAmadAronI sthiti, majUra mahAjananI kAmadAra-virodhI nIti

Page #113
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI tathA sAMprata rAjakIya prazno vize mAhitagAra karatA hatA. A kAmadAromAMthI ja maganabhAI paTela, abdulahaka vagere kAmadAra netAo taiyAra thayA hatA. A uparAMta kAmadAronI vasavATanI cAlIomAM abhyAsavatuLanI pravRtti calAvatA hatA.32 kAmadAro uparAMta zAhapuranA harijanavAsa ane vAgharIvAsamAM abhyAsavartuLa vyAyAmapravRtti vagere paNa sAmyavAdIo karatA hatA. sAmyavAdIo samAjavAdIonI sAthe rahIne surata jillAnA kisAnomAM ane vidyAthIomAM abhyAsavA ane carcAsabhAo goThavIne kAma karatA hatA.33 1936 mAM zerathA mukAme sumaMta mahetAnA AzramamAM sAmyavAdIoe abhyAsa-zibira yojI hatI. A zibiramAM vaijJAnika samAjavAdanA mULabhUta siddhAMtanI samaja apAI hatI.34 1936 mAM keMgresa pakSe cUMTaNImAM bhAga levA nirNaya karyo hato ane tyAra bAda pradhAnapada svIkAryuM hatuM ene sAmyavAdIoe virodha karyo hate.35 lAkhanI gresamAM kisAnanA praznane upasthita karavAmAM saphaLatA maLI hatI. A adhivezana prasaMge samAjavAdI ane sAmyavAdI pakSa dvArA kAmadAra kisAna vidyAthI vagere pravRttiomAM sahakArathI kAma karavA nirNaya levAyo hato. 1938 mAM lAhera koMgresa samAjavAdI pakSanA adhivezana vakhate pakSanA kAryakaro vacce mukAbalAnI sthiti upasthita thaI hatI. gujarAtamAM A vaicArika athaDAmaNane paDaghA paDyo hato. nIru desAI vagere e sAmyavAdI pakSamAMthI chUTA thayA hatA. 1938 mAM amadAvAdamAM raoNyavAdIonuM saMmelana thayuM hatuM. eone sAmyavAdIoe virodha karyo hate. samAjavAdIo ane sAmyavAdIo matabhedo hovA chatAM kAmadAra-pravRtti sahakArathI karatA hatA.37 ema chatAM gujarAtamAM jidra mahetA, nIru desAI jayaMtI dalAla vagere sAmyavAdavirodhI banI gayA hatA. caMdravadana zukla ane goradhana paTela TraddhIvAdI hatA.30 1-9-39 nA roja bIju vizvayuddha phATI nIkaLatAM A laDAI baMne sAmrAjyavAdIo vaccenI heIne sAmyavAdIoe briTanane sahakAra na ApavAnI nIti apanAvI hatI. A kAraNe sAmyavAdIonI dharapakaDanI zarUAta thaI hatI ane dinakara mahetA vagere bhUgarbhamAM rahIne pakSanI pravRtti karatA hatA. reyavAdIoe lekalahatanI vAta AgaLa karI briTanataraphI nIti apanAvI hatI.38 sAmyavAdIenI asara surata vaDedarA rAjakoTa bhAvanagara godharA berasada naDiyAda vagere sthaLoe hatI. mAMgaroLa ane mAMDavInA AdivAsIomAM eo sayi hatA. rAjakoTanA satyAgraha vakhate sAmyavAdI pakSe ene Teke Aye hate. sAmyavAda

Page #114
navA rAjakIya pakSa pakSI AgevAne vajubhAI zukla ane IsmAIla hirANIe sakriya rasa lIdhe hate. bhAvanagaramAM yuddhanI jAherAta bAda saradAra pRthvIsiMhanI bhAvanagaramAMthI dharapakaDa thaI hatI. dinakara mahetAe zramajIvImAga" nAmanI sAmyavAdanA siddhAMta samajAvatI pustikA prasiddha karI hatI. sAmyavAdI pakSa raziyA upara hiTalare humalo karyo nahi tyAMsudhI sAmudAyika satyAgraha aMge jhuMbeza calAvate hatA. 194ramAM briTana amerikA ane sAmyavAdIo vacce phesijhama ane nAjhijhama viruddha saMyukta maraco racAtAM komyunisTa inTaranaeNzanalanuM visarjana thayuM. sAmyavAdI pakSa briTanavidhI maTI ene tarapheNa karanAra pakSa banyA hatA ane yuddhane janatAyuddha tarIke e khapAvatuM hatuM. A nItine kAraNe sAmyavAdIo apriya thaI paDyA hatA.40 1943 nI zarUAtamAM gujarAtamAM sAmyavAdI pakSanuM astitva vaDodarA amadAvAda jevAM zahera pUratuM maryAdita thaI gayuM. sAmyavAdIo-samAjavAdIone sAMskRtika phALe rAjakIya daSTie sAmyavAdIo lokethI aLagA thayA hatA, paNa emanI sAMskRtika pravRtti cAlu hatI. 1936 nA okaTobara pachI "navI duniyA kAryAlaya' nAmanI prakAzanasaMsthA zarU karI hatI. samAjavAdI pakSamAM bhaMgANa paDayuM e pahelAM 1939 mAM pragatizIla lekhaka maMDaLanI sthApanA hiMdanA ane gujarAtanA dhoraNe karAI hatI. gujarAtamAMthI umAzaMkara jozI, sundarama, jayaMtI lAla, dhanavaMta ojhA, caMdrabhAI bhaTTa, bhogIlAla gAMdhI vagere emAM joDAyA hatA. kAkAsAheba kAlelakara jevAne paNa sAtha emane maLyA hatA. 1943 pachI akhila hiMda tathA amadAvAdanA dhoraNe "lekanATaya saMgha'nI pravRtti zarU karAI hatI. jazavaMta ThAkara, dInA gAMdhI, nalinI, kailAsa paMDayA vagere lekanATaya saMdhanAM kAryakartA hatAM. lokanATaya saMghanAM nATakoe navI bhAta pADI hatI. akhila hiMda lekanATaya saMghanI pariSada 1946 mAM amadAvAdamAM maLI hatI.41 muslima lIga 1960 mAM muslima lIgane janma thaye hate.42 baMgALanA bhAgalA loDa kajhane pADavA emAM paNa hiMdu-muslimane laDAvavAnI nIti hatI. 126 thI mahamadaalI jhINAne bhAratanA rAjakAraNamAM udaya thaye. zarUAtamAM emaNe sahakArabharyuM valaNa dAkhavI aMgrejo sAmenI laDatamAM baMdhAraNIya rIte bhAga lIdhe, paNa gAMdhIjInI savinaya bhaMganI asahakAranI caLavaLanI nIti ene pasaMda na hatI ane e dhIme dhIme muslima-hiMdu ektAnA pratIka maTI jaIne kemavAdanA

Page #115
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI puraskartA banyA ane 1930 pachI A virodhanI mAtrAmAM umere thaye.43 1930 mAM goLamejI pariSadane keMgrese virodha karyo tyAre mahamadaalI jhINAe ene binazaratI Teko Apyo. be kema vacce ekatA na sadhAya tyAMsudhI rAjakIya sattA hiMdane ApavAmAM AgaLa na vadhavAnI briTiza nIti ane koMgresa ane vinIta pakSanI muslimenI ALapaMpALa karavAnI nItine kAraNe muslima komavAdane uttejana maLyuM ane vI jevI sattA prApta thaI 1930 mAM IkabAla vagere netAoe alAhAbAdanI muslima lIganI mITiMgamAM pAkistAnane khyAla rajU karyo44 ane aMgrejonI 'bhAgalA pADe ane rAjya karo'nI kuTila nItie Ama kemavAdanA viSavRkSane jaLa-siMcana karyuM. pariNAme bhAratamAM ane gujarAtamAM TheraThera hullaDa thayAM. 1937 mAM keMgresa pakSa je prAMtamAM sattArUDha thaye tyAM muslima lIgane sahabhAgI na banAvatAM eNe chaMcheDAIne keMgresa virodhI pracAra jalada banAvyo ane hiMdu-julmanI bAMga pikArI islAma khatarAmAM che evo pracAra karI muslimone uzkeryA.45 gujarAtamAM muslima lIganI asara amadAvAda surata bharuca vaDodarA kheDA amarelI godharA dAhoda jevAM muslimonI vastIvALAM zaheramAM ja mukhyatve hatI, paNa aMgreja nokarazAhInA TekAne lIdhe e amadAvAda vijApura bhAvanagara vagere zaheromAM komI hullaDo karAvI zakyA hatA. amadAvAdamAM 1941 ane 1946mAM komI hullaDa thayela temAM muslimone gorI nokarazAhIe chUTo dora Age hate. ema kahevAya che. 1946mAM vasaMta-rajabane bhoga levAyela hato. AjhAdI pUrve vijApuramAM komI tophAno thayAM hatAM ane gAmanI bajAra bALI nakhAI hatI. siddhapuramAM hiMdu-musalamAne vacce chamakalAM avAranavAra thatAM hatAM jUnAgaDhamAM navAbI zAsana daramyAna komavAdane chUTo dora maLyuM hatuM. prabhAsapATaNa ne verAvaLamAM kemI te phAna thayAM hatAM. 1942nI caLavaLa daramyAna muslima prAyaH laDatamAM bhAga levAthI alaga rahyA hatA ane teoe rASTravirodhI valaNa dAkhavyuM hatuM.47 aMte bhAgalAne svIkAra karAtAM dezane AjhAdI maLI ane muslima lIge pAkistAna meLavyuM, paNa e mATe bhAre raktapAta thayA ane hiMdu-muslimone meTA pAyA upara sthaLAMtara karavuM paDayuM hatuM. gujarAtamAM jUnAgaDhanA zAsakoe pAkistAna sAthe joDANa karavA icchA vyakta karatAM ArajhI hakUmate laData ApI jUnAgaDhane navAbanA zAsanamAMthI mukata karyuM hatuM. hiMdu mahAsabhA | hidu mahAsabhAne janma muslima komavAdI rAjakAraNanA pratyAghAtarUpe thayo hato. e uparAMta hiMdu dharmamAM pesI gayelAM keTalAMka aniSTane dUra karI

Page #116
navA rAjakIya pakSa hiMdu saMskRtinuM jatana karavAne paNa ene hetu hatuM. 1907mAM paMjAbamAM hiMduenAM hitenI rakSA mATe hiMdu pariSada zarU thaI hatI ane akhila hiMdanA dharaNe enuM saMgaThana karavA 1910 pachI prayAsa zarU thayA hatA 1955 mAM enuM prathama adhivezana thayuM hatuM. 1923 mAM hiMdu mahAsabhAnI sthApanA thaI hatI. 1930 pachI koMgrese komavAdI pakSanA sabhya thavA upara pratibaMdha mUkyo hate. 1938 mAM vIra sAvarakara hiMdu mahAsabhAnA pramukha thatAM muslima lIga uparAMta rASTriya koMgresa paNa enI TIkAonuM lakSya banI hatI. enuM valaNa moTe bhAge mUti pUjA jJAtivAda bALalagna ane mAMsAhAravirodhI rahevA uparAMta hiMdu dharmanI ane samAjanI sudhAraNA e mukhya dhyeya rahela che. 1946 pachI enI rAjakIya pakSa tarIke gaNanA briTiza sarakAre zarU karI hatI. gujarAtamAM siddhapura viramagAma amarelI jevAM nAnAM zaheramAM A mahAsabhAne kaMIka prabhAva varatAya che.40 rASTriya svayaMsevaka saMgha rASTriya svayaMsevaka saMghanA praNetA De. heDagevAra AMdhranA brAhmaNa hatA. eo thoDo vakhata jarmanImAM rahyA hatA ane tyAMnA lekenI zistanI enA upara prabaLa asara paDI hatI. emanA jevA keTalAka netAonI preraNAthI hiMduomAM AtmavizvAsa ane AtmagauravanI bhAvanA jagAvavA ane hiMdu-muslimenAM ramakhANone prasaMge emanuM rakSaNa karavA A saMsthA 1925 mAM racAI hatI.48 hiMdu mahAsabhA sAthe zarUAtamAM e sakriya rIte joDAI hatI. baMne saMsthAo vacce ghaniSTha saMbaMdha pravatate hato. hiMdu mahAsabhAnA svayaMsevaka daLa tarIke paNa A saMsthA kAma karatI hatI. Ama chatAM baMne saMsthA vacce saMgaThana aMge mULabhUta tAtvika bheda pravatate hate. hiMdu mahAsabhAnuM saMgaThana esosiezana prakAranuM sugrathita na hatuM, jyAre rASTriya sevaka saMghanA sabhya zista vagere niyamanuM custa rIte pAlana karatA hatA. pAchaLathI hiMdu jatinA saMgaThana ane punarjIvana ane hiMdu saMskRtinA saMrakSaNa mATenA rASTriya pakSa tarIke ene vikAsa thayo hato. 1930 thI hiMdu mahAsabhAe rAjakAraNamAM bhAga levAnuM zarU karela, jyAre Ara. esa. esa. alaga rahIne rASTra ane vyakitanA cAritryanirmANanuM ane hiMduone AjhAdI mATe taiyAra karavAnuM kArya upADayuM hatuM.pa0 1940 mAM goLavelakarajIe emanA sabhyone rAjakAraNathI dUra rahevA jaNAvyuM hatuM. 1942nI caLavaLa vakhate koMgresI netAe jelamAM hatA ane muslima lIga

Page #117
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pAkistAna mATe jherI pracAra karatI hatI tyAre rASTriya svaya Msevaka saMdha vadhAre sakriya banyA hatA. saMdha judI judI vayanA lokone dhyAnamAM rAkhIne khAlazAkhA taruNazAkhA ane prauDhazAkhA calAve che. bALakAne medAna upara gItA ramatA paryaTanA tathA manAra jana-kAya mA dvArA bhegA karI AkarSe che ane vyAyAma mATenI abhiruci emanAmAM keLave che. vidyAthI" vanA nAnA moTA adhikArIone tAlIma ApIne bALako ane vidyAthI'nA cAritryadhaDataranuM kAma kare che. vasaMta paMcamI, dazerA jevA utsave| ane hiMdu tahevArAnI ujavaNI kare che. jAhera kavAyata vakhate bhagavA jhaMDo pharakAve che. kvAyatanA zabdo 'uttiSTha' 'pracala' jevA sa MskRtamaya hAya che ane emanI prA"nA paNa sa MskRtanA pracura zabdothI yukta che. emanA gaNaveza khAkhI caDDI, adhI' bAMyanuM sapheda khamIsa tathA kALI TopI hAya che.pa1 ra kasakhA ane zaheramAM sadhanuM kAya' vistaratuM rahyuM che. gujarAtamAM amadAvAda vaDodarA surata navasArI bhAI cheTAudepura vaDanagara mahesANA siddhapura sureMdranagara bhAvanagara rAjakoTa jAmanagara dvArakA vagere sthaLAmAM Ara. esa. esa.nI pravRtti cAle che. pATIpa 1. kamaLAzaMkara paDathA, 'verAna jIvana', pR. 80; zAMtilAla desAI, 'rASTranA svAta tryasa MgrAma ane gujarAta', pR. 276-77; nagInadAsa sa MghavI vagere, 'svarAja darzana', pR-217 2. kamaLAzakara paMDayA, upayukta, pR. 57-19, 6 5 3. dinakara mahetA, 'parivatana,' pR. 110-11 4. ejana, pR. 113, 118 5. dinakara mahetA, upayukta, pR. 132 6. kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, upayukta, pR. 76 7. ejana, pR. 80; dinakara mahetA, upayu*kta, pR. 132 8. kramaLAzaMkara paMDathA, upayu*kta, pR. 77, 91-94; dinakara mahetA, upayu kta, pR. 145-46 9. maLAzaMkara paMDayA, upayukta, pR. 90-102

Page #118
navA rAjakIya pakSa 10. ejana, pR. 80-81, 87, 90, 101 11. ejana, pR. 101-103; iMdulAla yAjJika, 'AtmakathA', bhAga 1, pR. 24, 27, 28, 32,43 12. iMdulAla yAjJika, upayu*kta, pR. 24-25 13. maLAzaMkara paMDayA, upayukta, pR. 154 14. iMdulAla yAjJika, upayu*kta, pR. 44, 50-51, 54 15. ejana, rR. 18-19, 33 16. kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, upayu kta, pR. 124-128; S. P. Aiyar, Studies in Indian Democracy, p. 592; B. B. Mishra, The Indian Political Parties, p. 326 17. dinakara mahetA, upayukta, pR. 178; kamaLAzaMkara paMDathA, uparyukta, pR. 130-31; narahari bhaTTa, 'hi'dI rASTrIya mahAsabhAnA itihAsa,' pR. 238, 252, 262-267, 277-27 18. maLAzaMkara paMDayA, upayu*kta, pR. 113-114; dinakara mahetA, upayu kta, pR. 152; S. P. Aiyar, op. cit., p. 592 19. kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, upayukta, pR. 134-136 20. ejana, pR. 151, 157 21. dinakara mahetA, upayu*kta, pR. 208 22. ejana, pR. 253 23. kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, upayukta, pR. 179, 183 24. ejana, pR. 179 26. ejana. pR. 198, 199-200 93 25. ejana, pR. 182-183 27. ejana, pR. 226 28. ejana, pR. 246 29. dinakara mahetA, upayu kta, pR. 74-75; Ram Gopal, How India Struggled for Freedom, pp. 354 f. 30. dinakara mahetA, upayukta, pR. 136 31. ejana, pR. 153 33. ejana, pR. 152 34. dinakara mahetA, upayu kta, pR. 205-207, 240 . 35. Myron Weiner, 'Party Politics in India : The Development of a Multiparty System p. 43, narahara bhaTTa, upayu*kta, pR. 207-202, 225 32. ejana, pR. 148-49

Page #119
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 36. narahari bhaTTa, upayukta, pR. 211, 28,234 37. Myron Weiner, op. cil, pp. 251 f, dinakara mahetA, upayukta, | pR. 235 38. dinakara mahetA, uparyukta, pR. 212, 237 39. zAMtilAla desAI upayukta, pR. 316; dinakara mahetA, upayukta, pR. 24, 262 40. dinakara mahetA, uparyukta, pR. 269 41. ejana, pR. 132-33, 236, 298, 328 42. B. B. Mishra, op. cit., p. 316 43. zAMtilAla desAI, upayukta, pR. 289 xx K. 1. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom, p. 47 45. zAMtilAla desAI, upayukta, pR. 288 8's. Gujarat District Guzetteer, Ahmedabad, p. 168 Yu. Myron Weiner, op. cit., pp. 166 ff 48. ejana, pR. 177 49. ejana, pR. 178, 180 50. ejana, pR. 183 51. rAmalAla parIkha, "gujarAta-eka paricaya, pR. 690-91

Page #120
pariziSTa 2 racanAtmaka pravRttio racanAtmaka pravRttinI zarUAta gAMdhIjInA bhArata-Agamana sAthe thaI. e agAu svadezInI caLavaLane janma thayo hato ane enAthI rAjakIya ane sAmAjika pravRtti uparAMta audyogika pravRttione vega maLyuM hatuM. gAMdhIjInA Agamana bAda reMTiyAnI ane gesevAnI zarUAta thaI hatI. kocaraba AzramamAMnA nivAsa daramyAna ene pAyo nakhAye hate. aspRzyatAnivAraNanI zarUAta tarIke bhaMgInI putrI lakSmIne pitAnI putrI tarIke emaNe apanAvI hatI. AzramanI pravRttinA bIjamAMthI A vaTavRkSane janma thayo hato. gAMdhIjI mAnatA hatA ke svarAjyanI cAvI racanAtmaka kAma che. berasadanI satyAgraha chAvaNIne racanAtmaka pravRttinuM kendra ravizaMkara mahArAja, babalabhAI tathA sureMdrajIe banAvyuM hatuM. sukhadevabhAI tathA ThakkarabApAe 1923 mAM bhIla sevAmaMDaLanI sthApanA bhISaNa duSkALanA prasaMga pachI karI hatI. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM cunIbhAI ane jugatarAmabhAIe hALI prathA rada karAvavA prayAsa karyo hate. cheTubhAI nAyake AhavAmAM svarAjya-Azrama sthApI DAMga tathA dharamapuranA AdivAsIonI sevA zarU karI hatI. DaoN. sumaMta mahetA, kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, dinakara mahetA, DI. jI. pAMgArakara vagere paMcamahAla kheDA mAMgaroLa mAMDavI ane dezI rAjyomAM kisAna-caLavaLa sAthe AdivAsI kheDUte, sImAMta kheDUta ne tALIonI sthiti sudhAravA prayatna karyA hatA. bocAsaNa veDachI ane maDhInA Azrama racanAtmaka pravRttinAM dhAma banyA hatA. dilakhuza divAnajIe dAMDI AsapAsa gAMdhI-kuTirane sevAdhAma banAvyuM hatuM.' harijana pravRtti harijananI sthiti AdivAsIo karatAM paNa badatara hatI. 1924-25 mAM gAMdhIjIe aspRzyatAnivAraNa mATe saurASTra-kacchane pravAsa kheDyo hato. goLamejI pariSada pachI harijanane 1932 mAM alaga matAdhikAranI briTiza sarakAre navAjeza karI tyAre emaNe pitAnI jAtane hoDamAM mUkI hatI. parIkSitalAla majamUdAra tathA mAmA sAheba phaDakee aspRzyatAnivAraNanI pravRtti apanAvI hatI. zaMkaralAla benkara "DipresDa kalAsa mizananuM kAma karatA hatA. gAMdhIjInA 21 divasanA

Page #121
96 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI upavAsa Atmazuddhi ane harijana sevakonI yogyatA vadhAravA mATenA hatA. 30-9-1932 nA roja savarNa hiMduonI sabhA muMbaImAM maLI hatI ane aspRzyatAnivAraNa saMghanI sthApanA karI hatI, je pAchaLathI harijana sevA saMgha bane. maMdira praveza mATe tathA sAvajanika kUvA dharmazALA smazAnaghara vagere harijana mATe khullo mUkvA jhuMbeza zarU thaI hatI. enA pracAra mATe 'navajIvana' sAptAhikane "harijana baMdhu' nAma ApyuM ane 18-12-32 ane 30-4-1933 nA divasa "harijana dina" tarIke UjavAyA hatA. tyArabAda harijana-saptAhanI ujavaNI zarU thaI hatI. sAbaramatIne satyAgraha Azrama gAMdhIjIe harijanone bheTa Apyo hato. khAdIkAma khAdIpracAranuM kAma gAMdhIjIe zaMkaralAla baeNnkarane sepyuM hatuM. kAkInADAmAM khAdImAM rasa lenArAo De. reyanA netRtva nIce bhegA thayA hatA ane akhila bhArata khAdI-maMDaLanI racanA thaI hatI. zakaralAla baeNnkara enA maMtrI banyA hatA. 1924mAM khAdIsaMgrahasthAna UbhuM karAyuM hatuM. surata ane bAraDelImAM jugatarAma dave tathA cunIbhAIe namUnedAra khAdIke dro sthApyAM hatAM. vaDodarA ane amarelImAM enuM anukaraNa thayuM hatuM. naDiyAda bharuca ANaMda vaDodarA pAlanapura ane jAmanagaramAM prathama ane tyAra bAda navasArI ane bhAvanagaramAM khAdIbhaMDAro. zarU thayA hatA. saurASTramAM saurASTra racanAtmaka saMdhe khAdI pravRtti sAvarakuMDalA taravaDA rAjakoTa maDhaDA boTAda goMDaLa dhrAMgadhrA vagere sthaLoe maNibhAI trivedI ratubhAI adANI vagerenA sahakArathI apanAvI hatI. grAmodyoga khAdI sivAya anya gRha-udyogonA vikAsa mATe grAma-udyoga saMghanI sthApanA 14-12-1934 nA roja karavAmAM AvI hatI. emAM hAthachaDanA cokhA, hAthaghaMTIe daLela leTa, madhamAkha-uchera, zeraDI ane tADane geLa, ghANInuM tela, carmodyoga, hAthakAgaLa banAvavAnI pravRtti, akhAdya telamAMthI sAbu banAvavA vagere pravRttione sthAna maLyuM hatuM. dArUbaMdhI majUro tathA anya leke dArUnI badIne kAraNe pAyamAla thatA hatA. bhAvanagara rAjya 1919 mAM dArUbaMdhI dAkhala karI hatI." tADInA goLa ane nIra aMge gajAnaMda nAyake dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sAruM kAma karyuM hatuM. 1940nA satyAgraha

Page #122
racanAtmaka pravRttio 97 daramyAna dArU-tADInAM pIThAo upara pikeTiMga karAyuM hatuM. kastUrabA ane mIThubahena piTITe 1,200 svayaMsevikAonI bharatI karI hatI. dArU-niSedhapravRttinuM zarUAtamAM surata ane pachI marolI kedra banyuM hatuM. 1937 mAM koMgresa pakSa sattArUDha thatAM eNe samagra muMbaI IlAkAmAM dArUbaMdhI dAkhala karI hatI ane rU. ATha-nava karoDa rUpiyAnI Avaka jatI karI hatI. naI tAlIma surata jillAnA vAleDa ane bAraDolI tAlukAonA keMkita vistAramAM ane tAragAma vAMjhaNa mera ane maTavADanI TI zALAo maLIne kula 21 zALAomAM udyoga samUhajIvana vagerene sthAna ApI naI tAlImane prayoga zarU karAyuM hatuM. koMgresa pradhAnamaMDaLanA rAjInAmA bAda e paikI phakta nava zALA cAlu rahI hatI, paNuM 1946 mAM koMgresa sattA upara AvatAM A zALAonI saMkhyA vadhI hatI. gAMdhIjIe vardhAmAM jhAkIrahusenanA pramukhapaNa nIce keLavaNIkArone bolAvI AkhI janA spaSTa karI hatI. mAtRbhASA rASTrabhASA ane udyogane abhyAsakramamAM prathama sthAna apAyuM hatuM. zramane mahimA vadhArAyo hate. IdulAle saraghA udavADA khaDakI pratApanagara vagere sthaLoe chAtrAvAsavALI AzramazALAo pachAta varga mATe zarU karI hatI. didaraDAmAM ThAkora komanA bALako mATe De. sumate zALA zarU karI hatI. kisAna-pravRtti kheDA ane bAraDolImAM mahesUlamAM vadhAro thatAM koMgrese AMdolana karI emAM ghaTADe karAvyuM hatuM. iMdulAla yAjJika tathA sAmyavAdI kAryakaroe dAveda-jhAleda, rAjapIpaLA rAjya, mAtara tAlukA, sonagaDha vyArA mAMDavI ane mAMgaroLa tAlukAomAM, amadAvAda jillAmAM ane kheDA jillAmAM tathA rAdhanapura luNAvADA pAlanapura mANasA IDara airAla devagaDhabAriyA sacIna viThThalagaDha vaDodarA vagere dezI rAjyamAM ardho bhAga levAnI prathA, kheDUtonA devAM, mahesUlavadhAre, veThanAbUdI tathA hALIprathA aMge AMdolana karyA hatAM. mIrAkheDI mAtara lImaDI gusara mAMDavI saMkheDA-mevAsanAM gAme vagere sthaLe kisAna saMmelane emanI sthiti sudhAravA prayAsa thayA hatA. keMgresanA haripurA adhivezana vakhate virATa kisAna-saraghasa kADhI koMgresanuM A prazna tarapha dhyAna doryu hatuM. kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, IdulAla yAjJika, dinakara mahetA, Do. sumaMta mahetA, DI. jI. pAMgArakara vagere A pravRttinA praNetA hatA. 1937 mAM koMgrese gaNetadhAre tathA RNa-rAhatadhAre

Page #123
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pasAra karatAM kheDUtanI sthiti sudharI hatI. satyAgraha daramyAna jenI jamIna japta thaI hatI te mULa kheDUtane pAchI apAvI hatI. kAmadAra-pravRtti vaga meLanA siddhAMtane anusaratAM majUra mahAjana saMghanI sthApanA 1918-19 nI milakAmadAronI meghavArInI laData pachI 1920mAM thaI hatI. amadAvAda uparAMta A saMghanI vaDodarA kalela siddhapura naDiyAda surata bIlImorA bhAvanagara vagere zaheramAM zAkhA che. anasUyAbahena tathA zaMkaralAla baeNnkare enI sthApanAmAM rasa lIdho hato. gAMdhI sevAsaMghanI purI khAtenI beThakamAM gAMdhI majara samiti' nimAI hatI ane enuM kAryAlaya amadAvAda khAte hatuM. 1947 bAda "hiMdI rASTriya majUra saMgha (Induka)nI sthApanA thaI hatI. gulajhArIlAla naMdA, zyAmaprasAda vasAvaDA, dinakara mahetA, raNachoDabhAI paTela, haribhAI desAI vagerene A pravRttimAM vizeSa phALo che. 10 IdulAla yAjJika tathA dinakara mahetAe gumAstAo bhaMgIo kAmadAro ane zaherI vistAranA makAna-bhADUtonA prazna hala karavAmAM 1933-38 daramyAna sAro rasa lIdho hato." yuvAsaMgha ane vidyAthI maMDaLa gAMdhIjInA Agamana pUrve motIbhAI amInanI preraNAthI carotaranA rASTravAdI yuvake e saMgaThita thaIne 1905 mAM svadezI caLavaLane AgaLa dhapAvI hatI. jJAnakSetre "carotara keLavaNI maMDaLa" dvArA teo pragati sAdhatA ane 1917 mAM kheDA ane homarUla caLavaLamAM mokhare rahyA hatA. 12 1921 mAM rAjakoTamAM yuvaka saMmelana thayuM hatuM. 1928-29 bAda amadAvAdamAM ane suratamAM rohita mahetA, jIvaNalAla cAMpAneriyA, sneharazcima ane umAzaMkara, hiteMdra desAI, jayaMtI dalAla vageree A pravRtti AgaLa dhapAvI hatI. 13 kamaLAzaMkara paMDyAnI AgevAnI nIce samAjavAdI pakSe gujarAta yuvaka madhyastha saMghanI sthApanA karI hatI. saurASTramAM vajubhAI zukle A pravRttine AvakArI hatI.14 akSaya desAI, hitendra desAI vagere "ti maMDaLa'nA Azraye abhyAsavartuLanI pravRtti calAvatA hatA.15 gujarAtanA uddAmavAdI yuvakanI sabhA khADiyAmAM ke. TI. desAInA bhAratI vidyAlayamAM maLI hatI. caMdrakAMta daDa, sUryadatta bhaTTa, nIru desAI ane vajubhAI zAhe gAMdhIjInA kAryakramane apanAvavA ane AjhAdInA saMgrAmamAM bhAga levA yuvakone anurodha karyo hate.14 4-7-36 nA roja amadAvAdamAM kAThiyAvADa yuvakanuM saMmelana maLyuM hatuM temAM nIru desAIe

Page #124
racanAtmaka pravRttio 99 varga ane varga'bheda miTAvI jUnI netAgIrI sAme laDI levA hAkala karI hatI. yuvaka saMdhanA ma MtrI tarIke nIru desAI, ke. TI. desAI ne izvaralAla desAI cUMTAyA hatA.17 1946 nA ata-bhAgamAM gaNadevImAM yuvaka saMmelana thayuM hatuM temAM iMdulAla yAjJike hALIprathAnI bhISaNatA aMge tathA sAnAnIduda zA aMge aMguli-nirdeza karyAM hatA. gujarAta yuvaka pariSada pachI visanagaramAM uttara gujarAta yuvaka pariSada bharAI hatI. dinakara mahetA pramukha hatA. svAgata pramukha DaoN. sumaMta mahetA hatA. 18 paMcamahAlanA dAhoda tathA godharAmAM 28-8-38 tathA 11-2-38 nA rAja kamaLAzaMkara paMDavA, sAmAlAla ziroyA, rAzanaalI vArA, yAhyAbhAI lokhaMDavALA vageree yuvakamaMDaLanI sthApanA karI lazkarI bharatIne virodha tathA hiMdu-muslima ekatA aMge TharAva karyAM hatA. 23-1-39 nA rAja kamaLAzaMkara paMDayAnI AgevAnI nIce paMcamahAla vAkAMThA yuvaka pariSadamAM yuvako ane zaherIonI luNAvADAmAM maLelI sabhAmAM dezI rAjyAnI jhArazAhI nItinI jhATakaNI kADhavAmAM AvI hatI ane luNAvADA prajAmaMDaLanI sthApanA karAI hatI. vividha yuvakama`DaLAnI ra9-4-39 nA rAja godharAmAM maLelI sa Myukta sabhAe dAheAdamAM yuvakapariSada bharavA TharAva karyAM hate.19 amarelI rANapura vagere sthaLoe abhyAsavartuLanI tathA grISmavargonI pravRtti iMdulAla, dinakara mahetA tathA kamaLAzaMkara paDavA vagere karI hatI.20 cheTubhAI purANI ane emanA sAthIo tathA saradAra pRthvIsiMhe grISma-vyAyAma vaganI pravRtti karI hatI. 1942 nI 'bhArata cheDo' caLavaLamAM yuvakoe bhUgabha'mAM rahIne hiMsakaahiMsaka pravRtti karI hatI. jyaMtI ThAkora, cheATubhAI purANI, guNavaMtarAya purAhita, bharUcanA ane karADI-maTavADanA yuvake enA AgevAna hatA. gAMdhIjIe zALA ane kaoNlejonA bahiSkAra karavA 1921 nI asahakAranI caLavaLa daramyAna jaNAvyu` hatu`. e daramyAna saradhasa kADhavAM, patrikAo vaheMcavI, ane zALA kaoNlejo baMdha karAvavA jevI pravRttie vidyAthI enI vAnarasenAe hAtha dharI hatI. akhADA tathA pustakAlayanI pravRtti dvArA vidyAthI emAM rASTrabhAvanAnA pracAra thatA hatA. gujarAta kaeNoNlejanA prinsipAla phrile zirAjhanI johukamI sAme umAza kara, rAhita mahetA vageree caLavaLa calAvI hatI.21 amadAvAdanu vidyAthI'-maMDaLa 'paDakAra' nAmanu aThavADika prasiddha karatuM hatuM, jenA saMcAlaka jazavaMta sutariyA hatA. suratamAM jazavaMta ThAkara vidyAthI emAM abhyAsapravRtti calAvatA hatA ane samAjavAdanA pracAra karatA hatA. nalinI mahetA A pravRttimAM rasa letAM hatAM. rAjakoTa rAjya sAmenI laDatamAM bhAvanagaranA vidyAthI -ma`DaLanA

Page #125
100 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI AgevAne bAlakRSNa zukala, rasikalAla zukala, rajabaalI lAkhANI vageree jhaMpalAvyuM hatuM. 1936 mAM eprilanI 16 mIe rAjakoTamAM kAThiyAvADanA vidyAthIonI pariSada iMdulAla yAjJika nA pramukhapaNa nIce maLI hatI. 1937 mAM bhAvanagaramAM yuvaka saptAha yojAyuM hatuM. 1943 mAM kAThiyAvADa vidyArthI pariSadanuM trIja' saMmelana bhAvanagaramAM thayuM. sanata mahetA ane divyAM badhekA emanA netA hatAM. amarelImAM grISmavarga calAvAyA hatA temAM rASTriya netAoe udhana karyuM hatuM. 22 1941 mAM zAmaLadAsa kaeNlejamAM phI-vadhAro jAhera karAyo hate. vajubhAI zAha, rasikalAla zakala vagerenI AgevAnI nIce ene virodha karAyo hato ane anaMtarAya paTTaNInI ApakhUda nItine virodha karyo hato. 24-28 mI sapTembara, 1941 nA divaso daramyAna bhAvanagaranA vidyArthIonuM saMmelana zAmaLadAsa gAMdhInA pramukhapaNA nIce thayuM hatuM. zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI tathA vajubhAI zAhe vidyArthIone AjhAdInI laData mATe taiyAra rahevA hAkala karI hatI. rAjakoTa lIMbaDI vagere dezI rAjyanI pravRttimAM yuvaka ane vidyAthIoe sAre rasa lIdho hato. 1941 nA aMtamAM amadAvAdamAM vajubhAI zukalanA pramukhapaNa nIce vidyArthI pariSada bharAI hatI. eNe yuddhamAM sahAya karavAnI tarapheNa karavA inkAra karyo hate. vidyAthIo upara sAmyavAdIonuM varcasa hatuM te teDavA 1942 mAM rASTriya vidyAthI-maMDaLanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. lokala boDInA medAnamAM maLelI sabhAmAM saradAre badhuM choDIne rASTriya laDatamAM jhaMpalAvavA mATe taiyAra rahevA vidyArthIone anurodha karyo hato. 1942 nI "bhArata choDo'nI laDatamAM emaNe chUpI patrikAo vaheMcavAmAM sabhA saraghasanA ane pikeTiMganA kAryakramamAM bhAga lIdho hato. amadAvAdanI zALAo ATha mAsa paryata baMdha rahI hatI. 1943 nA jUnathI rASTriya vidyAthI-maMDaLa vadhu vyavasthita thayuM hatuM. 1943-44 daramyAna vimala zAhanA maMtrI paNa nIce abhyAsavartuLa carcAsabhA vyAkhyAno vagere pravRttio zarU thaI hatI. 1944-45 mAM brahmakumAra bhaTTa, 1945-46mAM zAMti zAha ane 1946-'47 mAM rAmu paMDita enA maMtrI hatA.23 rASTriya svayaMsevaka saMgha dvArA akhila hiMda vidyArthI pariSadanI sthApanA karAI hatI. Ama sAmyavAdI samAjavAdI, rASTriya koMgresa ane Ara. esa. esa. nI asara nIce judAM judAM vidyAthImaMDaLa vividha pravRtti karI rahyAM hatAM. hiMdu-muslima ekatA hiMdu-muslima ekatA aMgenA kAryakrama paNa yojAyA hatA. koMgresa pakSanA aneka kAryakara tathA gulAma rasUla kurezI, rajabaalI lAkhANI, IsmAIla hirANI

Page #126
racanAtmaka pravRttio 101 vagere rASTriya muslima hiMdu-muslima ektA mATe prayatnazIla hatA. 1946 nA komI ramakhANa vakhate vasaMta hegiTe tathA rajabaalI lAkhANIe emanuM AtmabalidAna A ektA mATe ApyuM hatuM. 24 prauDha zikSaNa prauDha zikSaNanI milamajUromAM pravRtti sAmyavAdI pakSa taraphathI cAlatI hatI. 1937 mAM koMgresI pradhAnamaMDaLanI racanA thatAM A pravRttine vega maLyo hate. tyArabAda 1946 mAM paNa keMgresa pakSa pharI sattArUDha thatAM sadhana kSetro pasaMda karI A pravRtti kheDA ane surata jillAmAM vikasI hatI.25 gAyakavADI pradezamAM tathA briTiza jillAmAM motIbhAI amIna ane IdulAla yAjJikanA prayAsathI pustakAlayapravRtti viksI hatI. 26 Ama 1932 thI 1947 sudhI anekavidha racanAtmaka pravRttio zarU thaI hatI ane e dvArA pAyAnuM kArya thayuM hatuM. pAdaTIpa 1. rAmalAla parIkha, "gujarAta eka paricaya, pR. 676 2. zAMtilAla desAI, "rASTrane svAtaMtryasaMgrAma ane gujarAta', pR. 151-para, 154, 156 3. zaMkaralAla baeNnkara, gAMdhIjI ane rASTriya pravRtti, pR. 370; narahari bhaTTa, 'hiMdI rASTriya mahAsabhAne ItihAsa, pR. 26 4. zaMkaralAla beMkara, ejana, pR. 455 4. Gujarat District Gazetteer, Bhavnagar, p. 83 6. zAMtilAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 257 7. zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAtanI keLavaNIne ItihAsa, pR. 115-117 8. iMdulAla yAjJika, "AtmakathA' bhA. 1, pR. 242-45, 247-48, 256-57 9. zivaprasAda rAjagara, "arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, pR. 213; dinakara mahetA, "parivartana', pR. 166 10. rAmalAla parIkha, upayukta, pR. 672-674 11. IdulAla yAjJika, "AtmakathA." pR. 18, 19, 41,64, 65, 393; dinakara mahetA, parivartana,' pR. 176, 179; kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, verAna jIvana, pR. 113

Page #127
102 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 12. rAmalAla parIkha, uparyukta, pR. 634 13. kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, upayukta, pR. 41 14. ejana, pR. 119 15. dinakara mahetA, upayukta, pR. 194; kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, uparyukta, pR. 119 16. dinakara mahetA, upayukta, pR. 145-46 17. kamaLAzaMkara paMDyA, uparyukta, pR. 119-20 18. IdulAla yAjJika, uparyukta, pR. 109-110 19. kamaLAzaMkara paMDayA, uparyukta, pR. 158-59, 164, 168-69 20. iMdulAla yAjJika, upayukta, pR. 40, 61-62, 129 21. dinakara mahetA, upayuMkata, pR. 73-74 22. IdulAla yAjJika, upayukta, pR. 92-93, 262-64; dinakara mahetA, upayukta, pR 137, 194 23. kapilarAya mahetA, "amadAvAda sarvasaMgraha, pR. 268; dinakara mahetA, uparyukta, pR. 273 24. rAmalAla parIkha, upayukta, pR. 639 25. zivaprasAda rAjagAra, uparyukta, pR. 204, 256 26. ejana, pR. 256-57

Page #128
prakaraNa 4 dezI rAjyA (1914 thI 1947) 1. ejansIe ekalA saurASTramAM ja 418 jeTalAM nAnAM moTAM rAjyA ane jAgIrA hatAM. teonu sAta zreNIomAM vibhAjana karI gAhilavADa jhAlAvADa sAraTha ane hAlAra ema cAra prAMtAmAM e vaheMcI nAkhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. 1923 mAM cAra prAMtAnA cAra vibhAgAne badale be vibhAga karavAmAM AvyA hatA ane teonAM vibhAgIya mathaka rAjakoTa ane vaDhavANa khAte rAkhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. rAjakoTanI kAThI-kacerI nIce hAlAra ane sAraTha prAMta hatA, jyAre vaDhavANanI kaoNDI-kacerI nIce gohilavADa ane jhAlAvADa prAMta hatA. tene anukrame vesTana kAThiyAvADa ejansI' ane isTana kAThiyAvADa ejansI' evAM nAma ApavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. I. sa. 1924 mAM kaccha navAnagara(jAmanagara) morabI gAMDaLa dhroLa rAjakoTa jUnAgaDha pAlanapura rAdhanapura jApharAbAda bhAvanagara pAlItANA porabaMdara dhrAMgadhrA vAMkAnera lIMbaDI ane vaDhavANunAM sattara salAmI rAjya sIdhAM dilhInI dekharekha nIce mukAyAM hatAM ane tenI dekharekha rAkhanAra te te mukhya adhikArI ejanTa Tu dha gavana`r-janarala' tarIkenA hAddo dharAvatA hatA. bAkInAM rAjya paoNliTikala ejansInI sattA nIce hatAM. 'pAlanapura ejansI'nuM nAma badalIne 'banAsakAMThA ejansI' evuM navuM nAma apAyuM hatuM. Ama vesTana inDiyA sTeTsa ejansInA 'vesTana kAThiyAvADa ejansI', 'isTana kAThiyAvADa ejansI' ane 'banAsakAMThA ejansI' ema traNa peTA-vibhAga hatA. vesTana inDiyA sTeTsa ejansI' nIce kula 201 rAjyo ane tAlukA hatAM. e paikI 88 hukUmatI ane bAkInAM binahukUmatI hatAM. 1 vesTana* inDiyA sTeTsa ejansI' nIcenu kaccha rAjya 1924 pUrvadeg 'kaccha ane mArI nIcenA AdhAInA paoNliTikala ejanTa' nIce hatu te e. jI. jI. nIce sIdhesIdhuM dilhInI dekharekha nIce mukAyuM hatu. khAkharA trAphrA lodhikA ane lAkhApAdaranAM cAra thANAM vesTana kAThiyAvADa ejansI' nIce mukAyAM hatAM, jyAre

Page #129
104 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vaDhavANa thAna dasADA jhIMjhuvADA bhoIka sonagaDha ceka-dAThA pALiyAda ane coTIlAnAM thANuM "isTane kAThiyAvADa ejansI' nIce hatAM. "IsTane kAThiyAvADa ejansI' nIce 1971 ane 1941 mAM bajANA cUDA lakhatara lAThI mULI pATaDI sAyelA vaLA tema vaDhavANa sivila sTezana vagere mukAyAM hatAM. vesTane kAThiyAvADa ejansImAM bIlakhA jasadaNa jetapura khirasarA koTaDA-sAMgANI mALiyA mANAvadara thANAdevaLI vaDiyA vIrapura ane rAjakoTa sivila sTezana vagere mukAyAM hatAM. banAsakAMThA ejansImAM tharAda vAva vArAhI ane anya thANAM AvelAM hatAM. pAlanapura ane dAMtA "rAjasthAna ejansI nIce 1931 thI mukAyAM hatAM. "sAbarakAMThA ejansI' nIce AMbaliyArA mAlapura mANasA mehapura tharA vagere rAjaya hatAM. sane 1941 mAM taLa-gujarAtamAM anya rAjya gujarAta sTeTsa ejansI' nIce hatAM. A rA vADAsinora vAMsadA bAriyA khaMbhAta choTAudepura dharamapura luNAvADA rAjapIpaLA sacIna saMtarAmapura DAMga saMkheDA-mevAsa vagere hatAM. "revAkAMThA ane surata ejansI'nI ekatra ejansI gujarAta sTeTsa ejansI tarIke oLakhAtI hatI. A rAjyone saMbaMdha muMbaI rAjya sAthe hatA, teone 1-4-31 thI bhArata sarakAranI sIdhI dekharekha nIce mUkavAmAM AvyAM hatAM ane tethI baDaudA ane gujarAta sTeTsa ejansI tarIke e oLakhAtI hatI. ene cAja vaDodarAnA resiDenTa pAse hato ane ene heddo "baDIdA ane gujarAta sTeTsa nA resiDenTane karavAmAM Avyo hato. 1944 mAM A ejansI nAbUda thaI hatI. sane 1943 mAM ejansI baMdha karIne nAnAM rAjya ane tAlukAone najIkanAM moTAM rAjya sAthe eNTecamenTa yojanA nIce joDavAnuM bhArata sarakAre nakkI karyuM. bIjI ejansI baMdha karatAM vesTa InDiyA sTeTasa ejansI' ane baDIdA ane gujarAta sTeTsa ejansI ema be vibhAga rahyA hatA. 5-11-44 nA ja e paNa rada karavAmAM AvyA hatA ane vaDodarAnA resiDenTane "vaDodarA ane sTeTsa oNpha vesTa InDiyA ane gujarAtIne resiDenTa banAvavAmAM Avyo. Ama gujarAtanAM badhAM dezI rAjyanA vahIvaTanI dekharekhanuM kAma eka ja vyakti pAse AvyuM hatuM, jyAre moTAM rAjyone dilhInA piliTikala DipArTamenTa sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha hatA. 1941 mAM banAsakAMThA ane mahIkAMThAnuM ekatrIkaraNa karI "sAbarakAMThA ejansI' nAma apAyuM hatuM ane "revAkAMThA ane surata ejansInuM ekatrIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM.

Page #130
dezI rAjya 15 2. agragaNya rAjya (1) vaDodarA sayAjIrAva 3 jA (1875-1939) sayAjIrAva trIjA I. sa. 1875 mAM gAdIe beThA pachI vaDodarAmAM navA yuganI zarUAta thaI hatI. A kAryamAM sayAjIrAvanA dIvAne sara TI. mAdhavarAva, Ara. sI. datta, manubhAI naMdazaMkara, vI. TI. kRSNamAcArI tathA bI. ela. mitrane mahattvane phALo hato. emaNe vaDodarAnA madhyayugI sAmaMtazAhI taMtrane briTiza bhAratavarSanA taMtranI haroLamAM mUkyuM hatuM. samagra taMtra rAjAbhimukha hatuM te kalyANalakSI ane prajAbhimukha banyuM hatuM. pariNAme nakAmAM verA bhAgabaTAI IjArAzAhI vagere rada thayAM hatAM. emaNe nyAyataMtrane kArobArIthI alaga karyuM hatuM. hAIkoTa sthApI, briTiza bhAratanA nyAya aMgenA kAyadA lAgu pADI jUnI paddhati dUra karI hatI. prAthamika zikSaNa pharajiyAta ane maphata karIne zikSaNanA sArvatrikIkaraNanI zarUAta karI hatI. mAdhyamika ane ucca zikSaNanuM pramANa vadhyuM hatuM. kalAbhavananI sthApanAthI Tekanikala zikSaNanI zarUAta thaI hatI. pustakAlaya-pravRttie motIbhAI amInanA netRtva nIce vizALa vaTavRkSanuM svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. dareka zaheramAM nagarapAlikA sthapAI hatI ane grAmapaMcAyata ane prAMta-paMcAyate sthApI sthAnika svarAjyanI saMsthAonI javAbadArI lekene soMpI hatI. dIvAna ane amaladAronA eka kArabhArane badale dhArAsabhA dvArA svazAsananI dizAmAM vaDodarA rAjya pahela karI hatI. aneka sAmAjika sudhArA paNa karAyA hatA ane jJAtine trAsa nivArA hatuM. Ama I. sa. 1914 pUve gAyakavADI taMtrane saMpUrNapaNe punaH vyavasthita karIne lekAbhimukha banAvAyuM hatuM.' I. sa. 1914-18 nA prathama vizvayuddhanA gALA daramyAna vaDodarA rAjya briTiza sarakArane ghaNuM sahAyabhUta thayuM hatuM. I. sa. 1920 mAM okhAmaMDaLane kabaje vaDodarA rAjyane soMpAye hate. sayAjIrAvanA zAsana daramyAna sAMskRtika pravRttione uttejana maLyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1916 mAM vaDedarAmAM premAnaMda sAhitya sabhA'nI ane bheImAM 'dayArAma sAhitya sabhA'nI sthApanA thaI hatI. marAThIbhASI prajAe marAThI vADUmaya pariSadanI zarUAta karI hatI. I. sa. 1915 mAM saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, e uparAMta zrAvaNamAsa dakSiNa parIkSA dvArA saMskRta bhASA ane Ayurvedane uttejana ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. purohita dhArmika vidhi sArI rIte

Page #131
106 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI karAve e mATe purohita-zALA zarU karavAmAM AvI hatI. I. sa. 19ra7 mAM 'prAgya vidyAmaMdira" prAcIna hastalikhita graMthanI sAcavaNI ane prakAzana tathA saMzodhana mATe zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1924 ane 1925 mAM motIbhAI amIna dvArA "pustakAlaya sahAyaka sahakArI maMDaLa" ane "pustakAlaya" mAsika zarU karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. vaDodarAnI madhyastha lAIbrerImAM gujarAtI hiMdI marAThI aMgrejI vagere bhASAonAM vividha viSayonAM dasa lAkhathI vadhu pustaka hatAM. prAca vidyAmaMdiramAM 14,000 hastaprata ane 10,000 chapAyelAM pustaka hatAM. bhASAMtara-zAkhA dvArA vividha viSayonAM-gaMbhIra viSayanAM ane bALakone upayogI pustaka prasiddha thatAM hatAM. vaDodarA myujhiyama ane pikacara gelerI sikkA citro, dhAtukAma ane lakakaDa kAmanA namUnA, prAcIna mUtio, Adhunika citro ane zilpA vagerene bhavya saMgraha dharAvavA lAgyuM. pro. mANekarAva tathA choTubhAI purANIe gujarAtamAM vyAyAmapravRttine vega Apyo hato. A samaya daramyAna vaDodarAmAM yunivarsiTI sthApavA mATe prayatna thayA hatA. 1935 mAM esa. TI. TI. kolejanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. Ama saMskAradhAma vaDodarAmAM anekavidha pravRttio thaI hatI. sane 1917-18mAM seniTarI borDanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI, jenA prayAsathI rogacALe kAbUmAM AvyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1919 mAM dareka gAmane pAMca mAIlanA vistAramAM vaidakIya sahAya maLI rahe te rIte grAma-davAkhAnAM zarU karAyAM hatAM. I. sa. 1917 mAM mAsara -jaMbusara ane boDelI-choTA udepura relave lAIna zarU karAI hatI. DabhoI-samalAyA-TIMbA lAIna 1913-19 daramyAna nakhAI hatI. chUchAparA taNakhalA relave lAIna I. sa. 1922 mAM pUrI karAI hatI. 1926 mAM okhA baMdarane khulluM mUkavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. okhAne jAmanagara-dvArakA relave lAina dvArA joDavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. bIlImerA baMdarane viksAvavA prayatna thayA hatA. I. sa. 1936 mAM vaDodarAmAM eroDrAma bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1936 mAM grAmavistAranA uddhAra mATe DAyamaMDa jyubilI TrasTa eka karoDa rUpiyAnA bhaMDoLathI zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1918 mAM "ikonomika DevalapamenTa beInI sthApanA vikAsanA hetusara karavAmAM AvI hatI. pAchaLathI ene "ikonomika kamiTI' nAma apAyuM hatuM ane 1937-38 daramyAna enI zAkhA dareka prAMtamAM khelavAmAM AvI hatI.

Page #132
dezI rAjya 107 1921-41 daramyAna vaDedarA rAjyamAM audyogikIkaraNanI zarUAta thaI hatI. sayAjI mila I. sa. 1885 mAM rAjyanA sahakArathI zarU karAI hatI. 1923 mAM yamunA mila ane 1935 mAM dineza vUlana mila vaDedarAmAM zarU karAI hatI. siddhapura kaDI lela bIlImorA ane navasArImAM thaI sAteka mila zarU karAI hatI. A sivAya te mila dALamila jina-presa ane davA banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM paNa zarU karAyAM hatAM. sayAjIrAvanA zAsana nIce vaDodarA rAjya bhAratavarSanuM agragaNya dezI rAjya banyuM hatuM, paNa lekenI javAbadAra rAjyataMtranI mAgaNI tarapha sayAjIrAva udAsIna rahyA hatA. A dezabhakti ane dIrdhadaSTivALA rAjavInuM avasAna 6-2-1939 nA roja thayuM hatuM. pratApasiMharAva (rAjatva 1939-1949) sayAjIrAvanI hayAtI daramyAna emanA jyeSTha putra phatehasiMharAva mRtyu pAmyA hatA tethI have pautra pratApasiMharAva vaDodarAnI gAdI upara 7-2-1939 nA roja beThA hatA. emaNe vaDodarA ane puNemAM abhyAsa karyo hate. emanA zAsana daramyAna emaNe cUMTAyelA sabhyonI bahumatIvALI dhArAsabhAnI navAjeza karI hatI. navuM lekajJa pradhAnamaMDaLa 1946 mAM racAyuM tyAre prajAmaMDaLe cUMTaNImAM meTA bhAganI beThake kabaje karI hatI. jIvarAja mahetA mukhya pradhAna thayA hatA. pratApasiMharAve rU. 22 lAkhanI mahesUla ghaTADI hatI. sayAjIrAvanI smRtimAM eka karoDanuM bhaMDoLa ekaThuM karyuM hatuM temAM rU. eka karoDanuM umerIne be karoDanuM TrasTa emaNe karyuM hatuM. zarUAtamAM emaNe sArI rIte zAsana calAvyuM hatuM, paNa pAchaLathI salAhakAranI deravaNIne lIdhe emanA dAdAe zarU karelI lekakalyANanI pravRttio thaMbhI gaI hatI. I. sa. 1944 mAM emaNe rAjyanA kAyadA viruddha jaIne, rANI zAMtAdevI hovA chatAM, sItAdevI sAthe bIjAM lagna kyAM hatAM ane rAjyanAM nANAM veDaphI nAkhyAM hatAM, AthI prajAmAM emanA vatana age tIvra asaMtoSa pravatate hatA. 1947 mAM sarakArI nokaree abhUtapUrva haDatALa pADIne rAjyane nekaronA pagAra-dhoraNamAM 1-1-1948 thI sudhAraNA karavA pharaja pADI hatI. 1939-1947 daramyAna vaDodarAmAM vadhAre kArakhAnAM UghaDyAM hatAM. 1947mAM bhArata deza AjhAda thayuM tyAre vaDodarA rAjya baMdhAraNasabhAmAM bhAga levAnI ane bhArata saMgha sAthe joDAvAnI pahela karI. prajAmaMDaLanA dabANanA kAraNe pratApasiMharAve javAbadAra taMtranI mAgaNI svIkArI kharI, paNa teo prajAmAM apriya thaI paDayA hatA. pariNAme teo vaDodarAne muMbaI

Page #133
108 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI rAjya sAthe joDavA taiyAra thayA. 1-5-49 nA roja vaDedarAnuM muMbaI sAthe joDANa thayuM. pAchaLathI mahArAjAe muMbaI sAthenA vaDodarA rAjyanA joDANane paDakAya, e uparAMta rAjavImaMDaLa racI bhArata sarakAra sAthe joDANa viruddhanI kAryavAhI paNa zarU karI hatI. A kAraNe pratApasiMharAvane padabhraSTa karavAnI bhArata sarakArane pharaja paDI che pratApasiMharAvanA zAsana daramyAna 30-4-1949 nA roja mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTIastitvamAM AvI. vaDodarA rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa thatAM enA cAra prAMte paikI traNanA alaga traNa jillA banyA ane navasArIne tathA peTalAdane teo nI najIkanA rAjayanA jillAomAM joDI devAyA. (2) bhAvanagara bhAvasiMhajI 2 jA (1896-1919) bhAvasiMhajI sane 1896 thI gAdI upara hatA. I. sa. 1914 nA vizvayuddha daramyAna bhAvanagara rAjya briTiza sarakArane sArI madada karI hatI, AthI mahArAjAnuM mAna paMdara tepanuM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 1914-1919 daramyAna mahArAjA bhAvasiMhajIe prajAhitanAM keTalAMka pagalAM lIdhAM hatAM, jemake myunisipAliTInI samitinuM vistRtIkaraNa, prajApratinidhi sabhAnI racanA (1918), khetI sahakArI saMsAyaTIo (1917), dArUbaMdhI (1919), strIkeLavaNIne urojana ane "paDadAnA rivAjanI nAbUdI. rijansI kAunsila (1919-1931) bhAvasiMhajInA putra kRSNakumArasiMhajI sagIra vayanA hovAthI rAjyavahIvaTa karavA dIvAna prabhAzaMkara paTaNI vagerenI rijansI-kAunsila nimAI hatI. svarAjya mATenI mAgaNInI asara bhAvanagara rAjyamAM paNa thaI hatI ane prajApratinidhi sabhAe A aMge niyuktine badale cUMTaNInuM tattva dAkhala karavA mAgaNI karelI. 1921-22 daramyAna kheDUtonuM maMDaLa racAyuM hatuM. 1922-1934 daramyAna kheDUtonuM devuM khUba vadhI gayuM hatuM te dUra karavA karaja-kamiTI' nImIne rAye rU. 20 lAkha cUkavI 86 lAkhanuM devuM rada karavA kAryavAhI karI hatI.

Page #134
dezI rAjya 109 devacaMdabhAI pArekha, gulAbarAya desAI delatarAya desAI vagerenA netRtva nIce bhAvanagaramAM rASTriya zALA zarU karAI hatI. 1929mAM rAjya grAmapaMcAyatane protsAhana ApI mahesUla ugharAvavAnI ane grAma-sudhAraNA phaMDa vAparavAnI sattA ApI hatI. 1925 mAM bhAvanagaramAM kAThiyAvADa prajA pariSadanuM adhivezana gAMdhIjInA pramukhapaNuM nIce thayuM hatuM. kRSNakumArasiMhajI (rAjatva 1931-1948) kRSNakumArasiMhajI pukhta vayanA thatAM 1931 mAM emane sattAnAM sUtra suparata thayAM. 1943 mAM emaNe paMcAyata-dhAre ghaDIne cUMTaNInuM tattva dAkhala kareluM. khetIvADIne protsAhana ApavA dhoLAmAM "mAMDela phAma" zarU karAyuM hatuM ane AMbalA surakA rALadharI salaDI boTAda ane raMdhoLAnAM siMcAI mATenAM taLAva baMdhAyAM hatAM. bhAvanagara zaheranuM adyatana voTara vakaeNsa zarU karI, jamIna nIcenI gaTaro zarU karI, bera taLAvanuM vistRtIkaraNa karIne bhAvanagara zaheranI sukhAkArI mATe kALajI levAI hatI. 1932-34 daramyAna navuM baMdara astitvamAM AvyuM hatuM ane bhAvanagarane vepAra kece pahoMcyo hato. navI mila ane aneka kArakhAnAM astitvamAM AvyAM hatAM ane audyogikIkaraNanI zarUAta thaI hatI. I. sa. 1939 mAM bIju vizvayuddha zarU thayuM hatuM te vakhate "sivika gArDa'nI pravRtti nAgarika saMrakSaNanA bhAgarUpe rAjya zarU karI hatI. 1941 mAM rAjya 5 sabhyovALI dhArAsabhAnI navAjeza karI hatI. A paikI 33 sabhya cUMTAyelA hatA. deza AjhAda thatAM 15-1-1948 nA roja mahArAjA kRSNakumAra siMhajIe javAbadAra rAjyataMtra ApyuM hatuM. baLavaMtarAya mahetA enA mukhya pradhAna hatA. saurASTra rAjyanI racanA vakhate emAM joDAvA bhAvanagara prathamathI abhilASA vyakta karI joDAyuM hatuM. bhAvanagaranA mahArAjA saurASTra rAjyanA uparAjapramukha hatA ane madrAsa rAjyanA rAjyapAla paNa thayA hatA. sorASTra rAjyanA zAsana daramyAna bhUpata ane enI bahAravaTiyA ToLInI raMjADa vadhI gaI hatI, paNa emane jera karavAmAM AvyA hatA. prajAkIya zAsana daramyAna prAthamika zikSaNa maphata ane pharajiyAta karAyuM hatuM. nAnAM gAme mAM zALAo kholAI hatI, rastAo ane siMcAInAM taLAnuM bAMdhakAma hAtha dharAyuM hatuM ane paMcAyata ane nagaspAlikAone vadhAre sattA apAI hatI. mAdhyamika zALAo ane ucca zikSaNanI saMsthAone vadhAro thayo hato. 1948 thI e rAjya jilla banI gayuM.

Page #135
110 (3) jAmanagara raNijatasi'hu (1907-1933) jAmanagaramAM jAma raNajitasiMhajI 1907 thI rAjya karatA hatA. 1916 pachI emaNe sekreTarI paddhati dAkhala karI cAra sekreTarIone vividha khAtAM vaheMcI dIdhAM hatAM. 1919 mAM emaNe 57 sabhyAnI krAunsila nImI hatI. 1920 mAM mahArAjA lIga oNpha nezansa'mAM bhAratavanA pratinidhi tarIke niyukta thayA hatA. 1932 mAM caeNmbar pha prinsIjha'nA teo pramukha thayA hatA. 1930-31 daramyAna emaNe lanDananI geALamejI pariSadamAM rAjAnA pratinidhi tarIke bhAga lIdho hatA. emanA zAsana daramyAna keTalAMka loka-upayogI kAya* thayAM hatAM, jema ke bhAga-khaTAI ne badale vidhATI-prathA, veDa-prathAnI nAbUdI, kheDUta RNa-rAhata kAyado, duSkALa-rAhata phaMDa, dukALa-vImA yojanA, mAdhyamika zikSaNa, vepAra-udyoga khAtAnI sthApanA, kheDI baMdaranA vikAsa, okhA-jAmanagara relave lAina, jAmanagara zaherane navA epa vagere. jAma raNajitasiMha prakhyAta krikeTara hatA, paNa rAjavI tarIke bhAre karaverA nAkhIne lekamAM apriya thayA hatA. 1933 mAM 60 varase avivAhita jAma raNujitasi Mhanu mRtyu thayuM hatuM 9 wz AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI dvigvijayasi'hu (rAjatva 1933-1948) jAma raNajitasi MhajI pachI emanA bhatrIjA digvijayasiMha (1933) gAdIe AvyA.1937-44 sudhI tee 'caeNmbara oNpha prinsIjhanA cAnselara hatA. emanA vakhatamAM siMcAInAM keTalAMka taLAva baMdhAyAM hatAM. sikkAnu simenTanuM kArakhAnuM, vUlana mila vagere navA udyoga 1944-47 nA gALAmAM sthapAyA hatA. saurASTra rAjyanI racanAmAM emaNe mahattvano bhAga bhajavyA hatA ane tee enA prathama rAjapramukha hatA. 'yunA' mAM 1948 ane 1949 mAM teo bhAratanA pratinidhi tarIke gayA hatA. (4) kaccha khe'gArajI (1876-1942) kacchanA mahArAva kheMgArajIe prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna briTiza sarakArane madada karI hatI tethI briTiza sarakAre emane 1917 mAM jI. sA. esa. AI.nA tathA 1918 mAM 'mahArAva'to zaMkAba ApyA hatA. 1931 mAM prathama gALamejI pariSadamAM rAjAenA pratinidhi tarIke emaNe hAjarI ApI hatI. 1925 mAM saradAra sAthe gAMdhIjIe

Page #136
dezI rAjya 111 kacchanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. mahArAjAne khetIvADI vageremAM rasa hato. zikSaNamAM rasa laIne emaNe ucca zikSaNa mATe rAjyanA vatanIone chAtravRttio ApI hatI ane keTalAkane paradeza paNa mokalyA hatA. paraMparAgata udyogo tathA hastakalAnA urojana arthe emaNe lAzALAnI sthApanA karI hatI. emaNe paDatara jamInanuM kheDANa thAya ane khetInuM utpAdana vadhe tevAM pagalAM lIdhAM hatAM. emanA samayamAM kaccha TeligrAphathI dezanA anya bhAgo sAthe joDAyuM hatuM. mahArAve dIrdhadaSTi vAparI kaMDalA baMdarane viksAvavA be godI ane kasTama-hAusa I. sa. 1930 mAM baMdhAvyAM hatAM. 1940 sudhImAM 700 sTImara A baMdare AvI hatI. 63 varSa rAjya karIne teo 1942 mAM avasAna pAmyA hatA.' vijayarAjajI (1942-1948). - 1942 mAM vijayarAjajI gAdIe AvyA tyAre teo 50 varSanA hatA ane emanA putro pukhta vayanA hatA. teo sArA khelADI ane pravAsanA zekhana hatA. emanA vakhatamAM 1943 mAM baeNnka opha InDiyAnI prathama zAkhA bhUjamAM khelAI hatI. emaNe nyAyataMtrane kArobArathI alaga pADayuM hatuM ane hAIkeTanI 1944-45 mAM sthApanA karI hatI. kacchamAM prAthamika zikSaNa maphata hatuM. mAdhyamika zALAmAM bhaNatA pachAta varganA vidyArthIone sarakAra taraphathI phI apAtI hatI. 1945 mAM bhUjamAM maLelI prajA pariSade rAjya pAse javAbadArataMtranI mAgaNI mUkI hatI, AthI rAjAe keTalAka sudhArA dAkhala karyA hatA. pariSade savinaya satyAgraha zarU karyo hato, paNa rAjAnI mAMdagIne kAraNe eNe laData pAchI kheMcI lIdhI hatI. vijayarAjajIe gAMdhIdhAmanA vikAsamAM sAro rasa lIdhe hato. madanasiMhajI (rAjava 1948) vijayarAjajInA avasAna bAda 1948 mAM madanasiMhajI gAdIe AvyA hatA. pariSade javAbadAra taMtra mATe pharIthI satyAgraha karavA dhamakI ApI hatI, paNa saradArazrInI salAhathI satyAgraha paDatA mukAyo hato ane daramyAna rAjAe javAbadAra rAjyataMtra ApavAnI jAherAta karI hatI. emaNe kacchamAM zaikSaNika pravRttione vega Ape hate. mahArAve 4-5-48 nA roja joDANakhata para sahI karI ane 1-6-48 nA roja cIpha kamizanare keMdra vatI kacchane vahIvaTa saMbhALI lIdhuM hatuM. Ama kacchanuM "sI" varganuM rAjya astitvamAM AvyuM hatuM.

Page #137
112 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (5) morabI vAghajI (1878-1922) merabImAM sara vAghajI ThAkore 1879 thI 1922 sudhI rAjya karyuM hatuM. emanA kuzaLa vahIvaTane kAraNe morabIne bIjAne badale prathama varganA rAjyane darajajo ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A rAjA dAna ApavA mATe jANItA che. saMgIta sAhitya ane nATyakalAnA teo zekhIna hatA. lakhadhIrasiMhajI (rAjatva 19rara-1948) vAghajI ThAkoranuM 11-6-1922 nA roja avasAna thatAM emanA pATavI kuMvara lakhadhIrasiMhajI merabInI gAdIe beThA. teo sAdA ane kapriya rAjavI hatA. 1-1-30 nA roja ke. sI. esa. AI. ne IlakAba maLe tyAre emaNe kheDUtanI viTI mApha karI hatI. emaNe sanALA-AmaraNa roDa (1925-28) tathA morabI-ghaTIlA (1904-34) ane morabI-navalakhI relave lAIna (1935) nAkhIne vepArane uttejana ApyuM hatuM. morabI-vAMkAnera lAinane mITara-gejamAM pheravIne navalakhIne rAjasthAna ane uttara bhArata sAthene saLaMga relave-vyavahAra zakya banAvyo hato. 19ra7 mAM markanTAIla baeNnka zarU karI hatI. emaNe anAthAzrama dharmazALAo vagere baMdhAvyAM hatAM. harijane mATe be zALA kholavAmAM AvI hatI emaNe govadha baMdha karAvyuM hatuM. meTA bhAganAM gAmamAM prAthamika zALAo hatI. e uparAMta dareka gAme TeliphonanI vyavasthA hatI. I. sa. 1928 mAM gAMdhIjIe kastUrabA, saradAra paTela, mahAdeva desAI ane misa sleDa (mIrAbahena) vagere sAthe morabInI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. 1931 mAM khAdIpracAra tathA anya racanAtmaka pravRttio upara pratibaMdha mukAyuM hatuM ane keTalAka kAryakartAo tathA khAdI vecatA svayaMsevakenI dharapakaDa karAI hatI tema sabhA bharavA upara pratibaMdha mukAyuM hatuM, AthI 21-6-1931 nA roja merabI satyAgrahanI zarUAta thaI hatI. rAjya badhA satyAgrahIone cheDI mUkatAM satyAgrahano aMta Avyo hato. 1940mAM rAjya Tenikala insTiTayUTa zarU karyuM hatuM, jemAMthI lakhadhIrasiMhajI ijanerI kolejane janma thaye che. saurASTra rAjyanI racanA vakhate rAjyanA pramANamAM sauthI vadhAre rakama morabI rAje ApI hatI.12

Page #138
dezI rAjya 113 (6) geMDaLa bhagavatasiMhajI (1869-1944) geDaLa rAjya kAryadakSatA ane karakasarabharyA vahIvaTa bAbatamAM bhAratavarSanA keI paNa rAjya sAthe barobarI karI zake tevuM suvahIvaTa dharAvatuM nAnuM rAjya hatuM. bhagavatasiMhajIe jAgrata ane pragatizIla vicArasaraNI dharAvanAra rAjavI tarIke vIsamI sadInA pUrvArdha daramyAna nAmanA meLavI hatI. emaNe emanA aMgata jIvanamAM mahattvAkAMkSA ane majazekhane sthAna ApyuM na hatuM. lekone sukhI ane tethI javAnI emanI mahecchA hatI. Arthika ane sAmAjika kSetre prajAne AgaLa lAvavA teo haMmezAM tatpara hatA ane tethI teo ghaNA kapriya ane lekenA Adarane pAtra banyA hatA. teo khUba ja mahenata tathA karakasariyA svabhAvanA hatA. rAjya kema karavuM e mATe emaNe e gya zikSaNa ane tAlIma lIdhAM hatAM. nAnI vaye emaNe eDinabaro yunivarsiTImAM abhyAsa mATe dAkhala thaIne vaidyakazAstranI ema.DI.nI padavI meLavI hatI. emaNe emanA rAjyamAM vahIvaTanA kSetre ghaNA sudhArA dAkhala karyA hatA, teo emanI jAtane rAjyanA TrasTI tarIke gaNatA hatA. emanAM patnI naMdakuMvarabA bhaNelAM hatAM ane emaNe jhanAnA paddhatine tyAga karIne ojhala(paDado)-prathAne tilAMjali ApI hatI. emaNe emanA rAjyamAM kanyAonuM zikSaNa pharajiyAta karyuM hatuM. emaNe gujarAtI tathA aMgrejI vAcanamALA vidvAna keLavaNIkAra pAse taiyAra karAvI. sauthI vizeSa pradAnamAM te "bhagavagemaMDaLa" tarIke oLakhAte gujarAtI bhASAne keza e emanI ciraMjIva kRti che. emaNe bhAgabaTAI ke IjArA-paddhatine badale vArSika viTInI prathA dAkhala karI hatI. emaNe gaMDaLa ane meTI pAnelI najIka siMcAI mATenAM taLAva khetI mATe baMdhAvyAM hatAM. rastA pahelA ane pAka banAvI vepAra-vaNajane uttejana ApyuM hatuM. dareka moTA gAmamAM TeliphonanI sagavaDa ApI hatI. tAraTapAlasevAne paNa vistAra thayuM hatuM. emaNe rAjyanAM nANunuM bahAranI saddhara kampanIomAM rokANa karIne rAjyanI Avaka vadhArI hatI ane tethI rAjayamAM karanuM pramANa ochuM hatuM. emaNe duSkALane prasaMge pitAnA rAjya bahAra anyatra paNa dhana ApyuM hatuM. puNenI koleja ane banArasa yunivarsiTIne paNa mAtabara rakamanuM dAna karyuM hatuM. dhorAjI upaleTA ane gaMDaLanI adyatana bAMdhaNI, vizALa rastA ane zALAnAM suMdara makAna emanI deNagI che. Ama chatAM teo Apakhuda rAjavI hatA ane prajAnI rAjakIya jAgRti ke caLavaLanA virodhI hatA.

Page #139
114 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI bhojarAjajI (rAjatva 1944-1948). bhagavatasiMhajInA avasAna pachI emanA AdheDa vayanA putra bhojarAjajI pacAsa varasanI uMmare gAdIe AvyA hatA. emaNe pitAnA hAtha nIce khAtAnA adhikArI tarIke kAma karI tAlIma lIdhI hatI. 1947 mAM deza AjhAda thaye tyAre bhAratasaMgha sAthe rAjyanuM joDANa karyuM hatuM ane 1948 nA eprilamAM saurASTra rAjyamAM potAnuM rAjya joDavA saMmati ApI hatI. 13 (7) dhrALa dolatasiMhajI (1914-1939) harisiMhajI pachI emanA putra delatasiMhajI gAdIe AvyA hatA. teo cembara opha prinsIjhanA agragaNya sabhya hatA. 1931 nA satyAgrahanI caLavaLa vakhate dhroLamAM rASTradhvajanuM apamAna karavA badala lekIe satyAgraha karyo hate. 26-5-1931 nA roja pAMca strIo sahita 55 satyAgrahIonI TukaDIe dhroLamAM praveza karyo ane saraghasa-sabhAne kAryakrama rAkhI dhvaja pAcho ApavA rAjyane vinaMtI karI hatI tyAre rAjya dhvaja phADIne pAcho Ape ane satyAgrahane aMta Avyo. A kAraNe rAjyamAM ane saurASTramAM rAjakIya jAgRti AvI hatI. caMdrasiMhajI (rAjava 1939-1948) dolatasiMhajInuM avasAna thatAM emanA pautra caMdrasiMhajI 1939 mAM gAdIe AvyA hatA. AjhAdI bAda saurASTra rAjyanI racanA thatAM A rAjyamAM joDAI gayuM hatuM. 4 (8) rAjakeTa lAkhAjIrAja (197-1930) ThAkara lAkhAjIrAje prathama vizvayuddha vakhate briTiza sarakArane nANAkIya sahAya karI hatI ane mAgo nI madada paga mokalI hatI 1918-19 ane 1924-25 nA lega ane inphaluena jhAnA sakhata rogacALA vakhate rasa laIne lokone rAhata ApI hatI. sivila sTezana tathA kAThiyAvADa nareMdramaMDaLanI sthApanAne kAraNe emane rAjakoTanI ejansI sAthe matabheda Ubho thayo hate. emaNe I. sa. 1921 mAM kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadane protsAhana ApyuM hatuM ane enuM paheluM adhivezana rAjakoTamAM thayuM hatuM. gAMdhIjI rAjakoTa AvyA tyAre pitAnI jamaNI bAjue emane mAnabharyuM sthAna ApyuM hatuM. emaNe saMpUrNa cuMTAyelA sabhyanI prajA-pratinidhi sabhAnuM 29-9-1923 nA roja udghATana karyuM hatuM.

Page #140
dezI rAjyo 115 emaNe ravIMdranAtha TAgoranuM svAgata karyuM hatuM ane yuvaka pariSada nimitte javAharalAle rAjakoTanI mulAkAta 1929 mAM lIdhI tyAre emanuM paNa svAgata karyuM hatuM. rAjyamAM vadhAre zALAo khelIne emaNe prajAnA zikSaNane uttejana ApyuM hatuM. emaNe kheDUtonI sthiti sudhAravA paNa prayatna karyA hatA. teo saurASTramAM pragatizIla rAjavIomAM agragaNya hatA. dharmedrasiMhajI (1939-1940) lAkhAjIrAjanA mRtyu bAda dharmedrasiMhajI gAdIe AvyA hatA. emanA zAsana daramyAna rAjakoTa prajAmaMDaLe emanAM julamI pagalAMo ane bhAre karaverA sAme laData upADI hatI ane gAMdhIjIne upavAsa karavA paDyA hatA. pradyumnasiMhajI (rAjava 1940-1948) dharmedrasiMhajInA avasAna pachI emanA nAnA bhAI pradyumnasiMhajI gAdIe AvyA hatA. 1942 mAM mila-udyoganI zarUAta thaI hatI. saurASTra rAjyanI racanA thatAM rAjya emAM joDAI gayuM hatuM. 15 (9) vAMkAnera amarasiMhajI (rAjava 189-1948) vAMkAnera-ThAkara (rAjasAheba) amarasiMhajIe prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna briTiza sarakArane lakara ane nANAMnI sahAya karI hatI ane emaNe phrAnsanI yuddhabhUmi upara laDAImAM kharekhara bhAga lIdho hato. emanI sevA badala emanuM topanuM mAna vadhArIne agiyAranuM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1918 mAM InDiyana piTarI varkasa zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. parazurAma poTarI vase e kharIdI letAM enI kAmagIrI sudharI hatI. kApaDa ane sUtaranuM utpAdana karavA rAjakoTa jillAnI sauthI prathama "amarasiMhajI mila' 1933 mAM rAjyanA sahakArathI zarU karavAmAM AvI hatI. vAMkAnera rAjyanuM pAvara-hAusa paNa hatuM. 1947 mAM raMga banAvavAnuM kArakhAnuM zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. vAMkAneramAM 1914 mAM vidyApracAraka maMDaLa sthApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. rAjyanA protsAhanane kAraNe vAMkAnera nAnuM rAjya hovA chatAM bIjAM rAjya karatAM tyAM audyogikIkaraNanI vahelI zarUAta thaI hatI. rAjyanI prajAnI sukhAkArI mATe eka hospiTala rAje zarU karI hatI. I. sa. 1947 mAM deza AjhAda thatAM bhArata saMgha sAthe rAjayanuM joDANa karAyuM hatuM.16

Page #141
11} AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (10) jUnAgaDha mahAbatakhAna 3jA (rAjatva 1920-1948) mahAbatakhAna 3 jAe 1920 mAM sattA saMbhALI hatI. gAdIe beThA pachI navAe emanA rAjyamAM keTalAka sudhArA dAkhala karyAM hatA. kArobArane nyAyathI alaga karavAmAM AvyA hatA. sane 1933 mAM jUnAgaDha ane verAvaLamAM myunisipAliTInI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. peAlIsa-paTela ane grAmapaMcAyatanA sabhyAnI cUMTaNIthI pasa MdagI thatI hatI. jUnAgaDhanA lokono mukhya dhadho khetI hatA. khetI-sudhAraNA mATe prAyeAgika khetIvADI-phArmA zarU karela ane zeraDI rU telIbiyAM bAjarI juvAra ane ghauMnu sudhArela biyAraNa kheDUto vApare e mATe prayatnA karyA hatA. sUkI khetI, zAkabhAjI, phaLA ane telIbiyAM mATenAM phAma' uparAMta maraghA-uchera keMdra, dhADA-gheTAMnI jAta sudhAravA mATenAM sa Mzodhana-keMdra rAjye zarU karyA hatAM. A uparAMta kerInuM pradarzana, pazupradarza`na vagere cAjIne phaLajhADa ugADavAnI pravRttine tathA pazuuchera-pravRttine uttejana Apyu hatu. 1934-35 mAM kheDUtanI devAdAra sthitinI tapAsa karyAM pachI kheDUta-sa MrakSaNa dhAro ghaDAyA hatA. sane 1918-37 daramyAna jUnAgaDha rAjyanI aMdara Avela relave-lAina zarU karAI hatI. verAvaLanA baMdarane rU. pa lAkha khacI'ne adyatana banAvAyuM hatu. rAjyamAM eka koleja, traNa hAIskUla, sAta miDalaskUla ane 114 prAthamika zALA 1944-45 mAM hatI. muslima kanyAo mATe jhanAnA-skUla hatI. bhAratavarSInA sau koI muslimAne kAleja sudhI maphata zikSaNa ne ziSyavRtti apAtAM hatAM. 1924 mAM navAe emanA mitra mahumadabhAI zekhane dIvAna tarIke nImyA hatA. 1929-30 daramyAna UnAmAM hiMdu-muslima tAphAna thayAM hatAM. guptaprayAganA tItha dhAmamAM arane kAraNe tophAna thayAM hatAM. A kAraNe dIvAna mahamadabhAI ne potAnI dIvAnagIrI 1932 mAM DavI paDI hatI ane navAbane rAjya bahAra cha mAsa rahevuM paDayuM hatu . aMgreja dIvAna kaeNDale sakhta hAthe A taphAna dabAvI dIdhAM hatAM. A prakaraNane kAraNe rAjyanuM taMtra khoravAI gayuM hatu. sane 1932 mAM vaMthaLI ane kezAdamAM keAmI teAphAna thayAM hatAM. dIvAna kaeNDala eprila, 1935 sudhI jUnAgaDhamAM rahyo hatA. tyArabAda mi. oNnTitha 1-8-1938 sudhI rahyo hatA. chevaTamAM zAhanavAjha bhUtAe 1947 sudhI jUnAgaDha rAjyanuM taMtra saMbhALyuM hatuM . 17

Page #142
dezI rAjya 117 1947 mAM jUnAgaDhanA navAbe bhArata sAthe na joDAtAM pAkistAna sAthe joDAvAno nirNaya karyo tethI samagra saurASTra ane dezamAM khaLabhaLATa macI gayo hato. jUnAgaDha rAjyanI vastInA 82 TakA leke hiMdu hatA, chatAM jUnAgaDhanA navAbe pite musilama hevAthI prajAmatane avagaNIne kRtrima ane taraMgI rIte pAkistAna sAthe rAjakIya joDANa karavAnuM payaMtra enA muslima amaladAronI salAha pramANe goThavyuM hatuM. jUnAgaDhamAMthI lekanI hijarata zarU te thaI chatAM jUnAgaDhanI meTI havelInA go. zrI puruSottamalAlajIe aDaga thaI bhAre parezAnI vacce paNa jUnAgaDha choDayuM nahi, ene lIdhe moTA bhAganI hiMdu vastI hajI jUnAgaDhamAM TakI rahI hatI. e kharuM ke e samaye jUnAgaDha zaheramAM mAthAbhAre saMdhIo ane komavAdI tatvone chUTo dora ApavAmAM Avyo hato ane kAyade tathA vyavasthA bhAMgI paDyAM hatAM. A vakhate kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSade saMrakSaNa samiti nImI Arthika pratibaMdha lAdyA hatA. sapTembaramAM muMbaImAM jUnAgaDhanA praznanI carcA karavA eka sabhA maLI ane eNe jUnAgaDhanAM prajAjanenI ArajhI hakUmata sthApavA nirNaya lIdho. ArajhI hakUmatanA saranazIna zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI uparAMta ratubhAI adANI, rasikalAla parIkha vagere ArajhI hakUmata sAthe joDAyA hatA. ratubhAInA netRtva nIce ArajhI hakUmatanA sainikoe rAjakoTane utAro ane bhesANa mahAlanAM amarApara vagere gAmone kabaje lIdhuM hatuM. tyArabAda A sainike e navAgaDha kutiyANuM vagere sthaLa kabaje karyA hatAM. bIjI tarapha mAMgaroLa bAbariyAvADa ane mANAvadaranI prajAnA rakSaNa athe bhArata sarakAre brigeDiyara gurudayAlasiMhanA senApatipaNA nIce larakara mokalI uparyukta pradezane kabaje lIdhe hate. rAjyanI kasTama relave vagerenI Avaka ghaTI jatAM navAbane kharI sthitine khyAla Avyo ane kaTobaranA aMtamAM rAjyanI rokaDa rakama jarajhaverAta begama ane kUtarAo sAthe e karAMcI nAsI gayA. paristhiti vadhu vaNasatAM dIvAna zAhanavAjha bhUtAe lokenI IcchA jANune bhAratIya saMghanI zaraNAgati svIkArI ane pite Agale divase kezodathI vimAna mArge pAkistAna cAlyo gayo. phebruArI, 1948 mAM bhArata sAthenA joDANa aMge matadAna levAmAM jUnAgaDha rAjya bhAratasaMdha sAthe joDAyuM ane gujarAta komI dAvAnaLamAMthI bacI gayuM. thaDe vakhata zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI vageree jUnAgaDha rAjyane vahIvaTa karyo, paNa pAchaLathI lekenI IcchA pramANe saurASTra rAjyanI racanA thatAM jUnAgaDha emAM joDAyuM hatuM.18

Page #143
118 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (11) dhrAMgadhrA ghanazyAmasiMhajI (1911-1942) - ghanazyAmasiMhajIne prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna briTiza sarakArane madada karavA badala sarakAre ke. sI. AI. ne IlkAba Apyo hato ane mahArAjA ne darajajo ApavAmAM Avyo hato tema emanuM 13 tenuM bahumAna kAyama karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 1lTara mAM emane jI. sI. AI. I. ne IlkAba ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. dhAMgadhrA kemikala vasa' tarIke oLakhAtuM kArakhAnuM I. sa. 1926 mAM dhrAMgadhrAmAM zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. zikSaNanA vyApaka phelAvA mATe dhrAMgadhrA rAjya agAu prAthamika zikSaNa maphata karyuM hatuM. sane 1908-09 mAM mAdhyamika zikSaNanI phI nAbUda karI maphata zikSaNa ApavAnI jogavAI paNa karI hatI. paraMtu dhrAMgadhrA rAjyamAM bhAre karaverA hatA. vaDanI prathA grAmavistAramAM sAmAnya hatI. saurASTranA kAryakaronI IcchA hovA chatAM dhrAMgadhrA rAjya enA rAjayamAM kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanA chaThThA adhivezana mATe paravAnagI ApI na hatI. pariNAme dhrAMgadhrA ane haLavadamAM haDatALa paDI hatI ane rAjya damana gujAyuM hatuM. 1932 mAM phebruArI sudhI satyAgrahanI pravRtti cAlI hatI temAM lekajAgRti sivAya anya koI saphaLatA maLI na hatI. mayUradhvajasiMhajI (rAjava 1943-1948) ghanazyAmasiMhajInA avasAna bAda mayUradhvajasiMhajI uphe megharAjajI 3 jA gAdIe AvyA. -10-1943 nA roja ekavIsa varasanI vaye emaNe rAjyanI dhurA saMbhALI hatI. emaNe vahIvaTamAM dhAre karyo hato ane nyAyataMtrane kArobArIthI alaga pADayuM hatuM. emanA zAsana daramyAna "harapAlanagara-siMcAI yojanAnuM kAma hAtha dharAyuM hatuM. rAjapura gAmamAM sahakArI khetIno prayoga karAyo hate. zahera-paMcAyata ane grAma-paMcAyatane kAyado ghaDIne emaNe svazAsana mATenI bhUmikA taiyAra karI ApI hatI. dhArAsabhAnI pUrvabhUmikA jevI sTeTa kAunsilanI racanA paNa karAI hatI. 1946 mAM prAthamika zikSaNa pharajiyAta karyuM hatuM. bALalagna upara pratibaMdha mUkata, vidhavAlagnanI chUTa Apate, strIone milaktane haka Apata-e kAyadA rAjya karyA hatA. Ama rAjAe lekenA kalyANa mATenAM aneka pagalAM lIdhAM hatAM. AjhAdI bAda emanA rAjyane emaNe bhArata saMgha sAthe joyuM hatuM ane bIjAone ema karavA anurodha karyo hate.19 saurASTra rAjyanA ekyanI racanA aMge paNa emaNe sakriya bhAga lIdhe hate.

Page #144
dezI rAjya 119 (12) vaDhavANa jazavaMtasiMhajI (1912-1818) ThAkara jazavaMtasihajI cha varasa rAja karIne 22-2-1918 nA roja avasAna pAmyA hatA. jorAvarasiMhajI (192-1934) emanA pachI emanA putra ThAkora jorAvarasiMhajI gAdIe AvyA. teo pukhta vayanA thayA tyAre 16-1-1920 nA roja rAjyane kArabhAra saMbhALyA hate. kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanuM bIju adhivezana vaDhavANa kempamAM 1922 nA navembara mAsamAM abbAsa taiyabajInA pramukhapaNa nIce thayuM hatuM. I. sa. 1939 mAM lIMbaDImAMthI hijarata thaI tyAre ghaNA leka navA zahera jorAvaranagara ane vaDhavANamAM vasavA AvyA hatA. vaDhavANa relave-jakazana hovAthI tathA ejansInuM mathaka hovAthI ene vikAsa thaye. vIramagAma-kasTamabArI uThAvI levAthI lokonI hADamArImAM rAhata thaI hatI. vaDhavANamAM 1925 mAM jazavaMtasiMhajInA smaraNarUpe rAjya haspiTala zarU karI hatI. prAthamika zikSaNa maphata hatu, have mAdhyamika zikSaNanI phI 1921-22 mAM mApha karI hatI. rAjyamAM kapAsanA pAka sAro hato tethI vaDhavANamAM jIna presa zarU karAyuM hatuM. sureMdrasiMhajI (rAjatva 1934-1948) suredrasiMhajI 1934 thI 1942 sudhI sagIra hatA. sane 1937 mAM kAnti koTana mila vaDhavANamAM zarU karAI hatI. A uparAMta "taranA sAbu tarIke oLakhAte sAbu gRhaudyoga tarIke banAvAto hato. denA benka surendranagaramAM 1945 mAM zarU karAI hatI. rAjyamAM kheDUto pAsethI bhAgabaTAI ane vigheTI- paddhatithI mahesUla levAtuM hatuM. sureMdrasiMhajInI sagIra avasthA daramyAna traNa sabhyonI banelI rijansI kAunsile vahIvaTa saMbhALyo hate (1934-1942). emanA samayamAM "vaDhavANa kempa" nAma badalI ene "sureMdranagara" nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. Ama thatAM zaherI vasAhata vyavasthita thaI ane jaMkazana tarIke e mukhya jevuM banI gayuM. suredrasiMhajIe pukhta uMmara thatAM 8-6-1942 nA roja rAjyane kAre bAra saMbhALyA hatA. rAjya 1948 mAM saurASTra rAjyanI racanA thatAM emAM bhaLI gayuM hatuM. 20

Page #145
120 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (13) lIMbaDI TAlasi'hajI (1908-1941) dolatasiMhajI 14-4-1908 nA rAja lIMbaDI rAjyanI gAdI upara kheDA hatA. emaNe iMglaeNnDa sahita yurApanA ghaNA dezezanA pravAsa kheDayo hatA. teo vidyArasika hatA ane vidyAnA AzrayadAtA hatA. lIMbaDI rAjyamAM prAthamika zikSaNa maphata hatuM. emanA samayamAM jazavaMtasi MhajI miDala skUla dho. 11 sudhI zIkhavatI hAiskUla thaI hatI. harijanA mATe emaNe eka atyaMja-zALA khAlI hatI. emaNe zALAvALAM gAmAmAM prAthamika zikSaNa pharajiyAta karyuM hatuM . A uparAMta eka madaresA ane saMskRta pAThazALA hatI. saMskRtanA adhyayananA uttejanAthe' emaNe banArasamAM chAtrAlaya kholyuM hatuM ane vidvAna brAhmaNane emaNe rAjyane kharce banArasa bhaNavA mAkalyA hatA. emane krikeTanI ramatamAM sArA rasa hatA. emanA samayamAM gAMdhIjI tathA ThAgAra jevI jANItI vibhUtie lIMbaDInI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. 1935 mAM hAspiTalane adyatana banAvI hatI. pANI-puravaThA mATe bhAgAvA nadImAMthI nahera kADhI hatI ane rAjyamAM pAkI saDakA banAvI hatI. 1934 mAM rAMgapura najIka rastA mATe kheAdakAma karatAM guja rAtamAM sauthI prathama haDappAkAlIna avazeSa maLyA hatA, jenuM mAdhasvarUpa vatse khodakAma hAtha upara lIdhuM hatuM. sane 1939 mAM javAbadAra taMtranI lIMbaDI prajAmaMDaLe mAgaNI karatAM prAmaDaLa sAthe rAjyane dhaNu thayu hatu ane prajA upara ghaNA julama gujAravAmAM AvyA hatA. pariNAme leAkeAe hijarata karI hatI ane lIMbaDInA rUnA bahiSkAra karyAM hatA. digvijayasiMhajI (1941-1942) dolatasi hajInA avasAna bAda emanA putra digvijayasihajI gAdIe AvyA, paraMtu emanuM dasa mAsamAM ja avasAna thatAM chatrasAlasi hajI gAdIe beThA hatA. rijansI kAunsila (1942-1947) emanI sagIra avasthAne kAraNe dIvAna ane rijansI kAunsile keTalAka vakhata vahIvaTa calAvyA hatA. rAjyanA bhAratasaMdha sAthenA joDANa sudhI A vahIvaTa cAlu rahyo hateA.21 (14) pAramaMdara naTavarasaMhajI (1920-1948) pukhta vayanA thatAM naTavarasiMhajI 26-1-1920 nA rAja gAdInazIna thayA. pahelA vizvayuddha daramyAna briTiza sarakAra taraphathI emane 'mahArAjA'nA saMlakAba

Page #146
dezI rAjya 121 I. sa. 1918 mAM ApavAmAM Avyo. emane 13 topanuM mAna ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. A mahArAjA krikeTa tathA skAuTiMga ane ramatagamatanA zekhIna hatA. 1925 mAM porabaMdaramAM e. sI. sI. kampanIe simenTa phekaTarI zarU karI hatI. mahArANA mila 1932 mAM zarU karAI hatI. jagadIza oNila inDasTrIjha 1945 mAM tela-mila' tarIke zarU karAI hatI. e vanaspati ghI ane sAbu paNa banAve che. Ama naTavarasiMhajInA zAsana daramyAna rAjyane audyogika vikAsa thaye hate. 19ra7 mAM kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanuM cothuM adhivezana amRtalAla Thakakara(ThakkarabApA)nA pramukhapaNA nIce porabaMdaramAM thayuM hatuM. gurukuLa saMsthA kanyA zikSaNanuM mahattvanuM kArya kare che. nAnajI kALidAsa enA praNetA hatA. 1947 mAM deza AjhAda thayuM tyAre bhAratasaMgha sAthe rAjya joDANa karyuM ane e saurASTra ekama sAthe 1948 mAM joDAyuM hatuM. 22 (15) pAlanapura zeramehamadakhAna (1877-1918) zeramahamadakhAne I. sa. 1877 thI 1918 sudhI rAjya karyuM hatuM. emanA samayamAM emaNe khetIvADIne uttejana ApyuM hatuM ane prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zALAo temaja kanyAzALA vagere khAlI Adhunika paddhatinI zikSaNasaMsthAo zarU karI hatI. prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna emaNe briTiza sarakArane mANasa ane dhananI madada karI hatI. 1914mAM emanA suvahIvaTanI kadara emane karIne 11 ne badale 13 tenuM mAna ApavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. tAlemahamadakhAna (rAjava 1918-1948) sane 1918 mAM pAlanapuranI gAdIe AvanAra tAlemahamadakhAne pitAnI hayAtI daramyAna chellAM sAta varase daramyAna rAjyavahIvaTanI pratyakSa tAlIma lIdhI hatI. I. sa. 1920 mAM emane ke. sI. AI. Ine IlakAba ApavAmAM Avyo hate. tAlemahamadakhAnajIe khetIvADInA vikAsa mATe khAsa lakSa ApyuM hatuM. DIsAmAM khetIvADInuM prAyogika maMDela phAma zarU karyuM hatuM ane "vadhu anAja vAvo' jhuMberA dvArA annanuM utpAdana vadhAryuM hatuM. zeraDI magaphaLI ghauM ane bAjarInI sudharelI jAtanuM biyAraNa kheDUtomAM pracalita karyuM hatuM. khetInAM sudhArelA ojAra tathA piyata mATe reTa ane pampa dvArA siMcAI karavA urojana

Page #147
122 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ApyuM hatuM.. iTAliyana bhUstarazAstrI DI. DesA tathA sara sirIla phksane nimaM traNa ApIne khanija-saMzAdhana mATe emaNe prayatna karyAM hatA, emaNe amIragaDha najIka simenTa mATe ceAgya sArI jAtane cUnAnA paththarane vipula jaththo zodhI kayo hato. 1937 mAM mubaImAM koMgresa pakSanA pradhAnamaMDaLanI racanA thatAM lokonI javAbadAra taMtranI mAgaNIne anulakSIne I. sa. 1939 mAM 'pAlanapura rAjyasabhA eNkaTa' pasAra karyAM hatA. khIjA vizvayuddhanA aMta AvatAM I sa 1946 mAM navA kAyo karI kArobArI kAunsila ane 50 sabhyAnI anelI dhArAsabhAnI navAjeza karI hatI. e 50 sabhyo paikI 36 sabhya mukhya matAdhikAra dvArA cUMTAyelA hatA. emanA zAsana daramyAna nyAyataMtranI punarracanA karAI hatI ane mahesUlakhAtAnI apIlo sAMbhaLavA revanyU TribyunalanI racanA karAi hatI. 1929-1939 daramyAna nyAyata Mtrane kArAmArIthI kramazaH alaga karyu hatuM. pAlanapuranA navAba lokapriya rAjavI hatA ane prajA sAthe emanA saMbaMdha sArA hatA. keTalAMka muslima rAjyAmAM komI vAtAvaraNa pravatuM hatuM tevuM ahIM na hatuM. 1947 mAM deza AjhAda thayA tyAre emaNe tarata bhAratanA saMdharAjya sAthe joDANanI jaherAta karI hatI ane 1948 mAM muMbai rAjya sAthenA vilInIkaraNane paNa mAnya rAkhyu hatu .23 (16) rAdhanapura jalAluddInakhAna (1918-1936) jalAluddInakhAna 1918 mAM gAdIe AvyA hatA. prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna briTiza sarakArane emaNe sArI madada karI hatI. kheDUtene ochA vyAjanA dare dhIrANa maLe e mATe emaNe vaDhiyAra baeNnka I. sa. 1927 mAM zarU karI hatI. murtajhAkhAna (rAja1 1936-1948) jalAluddIna aputra hatA tethI emanA avasAne emanA najIkanA sagA mu jhAkhAna I. sa. 1936 mAM gAdIe AvyA hatA. emaNe jalAluddInakhAnanA hAtha nIce vahIvaTanI pratyakSa tAlIma lIdhI hatI. sane 1937-1941 daramyAna prajAmAM kheDUtA upara bhAre mahesUla tathA keAnI valaNane kAraNe taMgadilI pravata`tI hatI. rAjya prajAnI rAjakIya jAgRtinI pravRttithI viruddha hatu ane navAme prajAnu damana karyu" hatuM. 1947 mAM deza AjhAda thatAM rAdhanapura rAjya joDAyuM hatuM ane i. sa. 1948 mAM enu muMbaI rAjya sAthe thayuM hatuM. 24 bhAratasa dha sAthe vilInIkaraN

Page #148
R dezI rAjyo 123 (17) pAlItANA bahAdurasiMhajI (rAjava 1905-1948) bahAdurasiMhajI pukhta uMmaranA thatAM I. sa. 1919 mAM emane rAjyano saMpUrNa vahIvaTa soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. teo ramatagamatanA zekhIna hatA. emaNe emanA rAjyanA krikeTanA khelADIone pretsAhana ApyuM hatuM. rAjyamAM prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa maphata hatuM. teo cokhAI mATe AgrahI hatA ane pAlItANAnI myunisipAliTI A mATe khUba kALajI paNa rAkhatI hatI. emanA rAjyamAM heTela upara pratibaMdha hato. 1930 mAM leke rAjyavahIvaTamAM bhAga laI zake e mATe emaNe prajApratinidhi sabhA sthApI hatI. rAjyamAM karaverAnuM pramANa ochuM hatuM. AjhAdI bAda pAlItANA rAjya saurASTra rAjyamAM joDAI gayuM hatuM.25 (18) lAThI pratApasiMhajI (1900-1918) surasiMhajI gohila "kalApI'nA putra pratApasiMhajI 10-6-1900 nA roja gAdIe beThA hatA. emaNe 14-10-1918 sudhI rAjya karyuM hatuM. prahUlAdasiMhajI (1918-1948) emanA pachI pralAdasiMhajI gAdIe AvyA hatA. teo sAhityarasika hatA ane "rAjahaMsa'nA upanAmathI lakhatA hatA. emanA zAsana daramyAna lAThI rAjya saurASTra rAjya sAthe joDAyuM hatuM. 26 ' (19) IDara delatasiMhajI (1911-1932) mahArAja delatasiMhajIe I. sa. 1914 mAM prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna ijiptamAM zAhI ghoDesavAronI TukaDInA nAyaka tarIke bhAga lIdho hato. A uparAMta dhana mANasa ane sAdhanAthI briTiza sarakArane emaNe ghaNI madada karI hatI. emanI gerahAjarImAM rAjyane vahIvaTa emanI rANIe saMbhALyuM hatuM. yuddhamAMthI parata AvyA bAda emane lephaTananTa karnala'ne mAnada hoddo ApavAmAM AvyA hatA ane 1920 mAM ke. sI. esa. AI.ne ilakAba ApavAmAM Avyo hato. emanA zAsana daramyAna prajAmAM ghaNI jAgRti AvI hatI ane lekee dArUnA pIThAnuM pikeTiMga karyuM hatuM tema paradezI kApaDane bahiSkAra

Page #149
124 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pikAryo hato. lekamAM rAjyanI aMgreja-taraphI nIti sAme asaMtoSa pravartate hite. leke upara karaverA paNa ghaNA hatA. sane 1925 mAM IDara rAjyamAM prajAmaMDaLanI sthApanA thaI hatI. hiMmatasiMhajI (rAjava 193ra-1948) pitAnA avasAne gAdIe AvyA bAda hiMmatasiMhajIe keTalAka sudhArA rAjyamAM dAkhala karyA hatA. teo acchA khelADI hatA ane lazkarI bAbatamAM emanA pUrvajonI jema rasa dharAvatA hatA. jagannAtha bhaMDArIne dIvAna banAvI emaNe vahIvaTa sudhAryo hato. emaNe khetIvADI khAtuM kholI jamIna ane AbohavAne anukULa navA pAkonA vAvetara mATe kheDUtone uttejana ApyuM hatuM. navAM sAdhane, khetInI paddhati, biyAraNa, khAtara vagerenA vaparAza dvArA khetInuM utpAdana vadhAryuM hatuM. emaNe hiMmatanagaramAM khetInA prayoga mATe ekasaperimenTala phAma kholyuM hatuM temaja navA kUvAo mATe tathA jUnA kUvAonI durastI mATe vagara vyAje nANAM dhIravAnI vyavasthA karI hatI. emaNe zALAomAM khetInuM zikSaNa dAkhala karyuM hatuM ane zikSakone tAlIma ApavA eka khetIvADI zALA zarU karI hatI. pazaonI olAda sudhAravA paNa emaNe prayatna karyo hato ane khetIvADI tathA gRhaudyoganI vastuenuM dara varase pradarzana bharavAnI prathA zarU karI hatI. hiMmatasiMhajInA zAsana daramyAna zikSaNane vikAsa thayo hato. 1933-34 damyAna 45 navI prAthamika zALA kholavAmAM AvI hatI. kanyAo mATe mukhya kanyAzALAomAM sIvaNa bharata gUMthaNa rAMdhaNaklA ghelAI vagere zIkhavavAnA varga kholyA hatA. A uparAMta rAtrivargo tathA pharatAM pustakAlaya paNa zarU karyA hatAM. rAjya 1934 mAM zikSaNa pAchaLa rU. 84,000 ne kharca karatuM hatuM. prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa maphata karyuM hatuM ane anAtha bALakone hAIskUlamAM zikSaNa maLe e mATe vyavasthA karI hatI. nirAdhAra strIo mATe hastakalA ne kuTira udyoga kendra zarU karyA hatAM ane vidhavAone penzana ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. emaNe keTalAka kara dUra karyA hatA ane jaMgala-vikAsanI yojanA hAtha dharI hatI. javAbadAra taMtra na ApavAne kAraNe tathA bhAre mahesUlanA darane kAraNe prajAmAM asaMteSa hate.

Page #150
dezI rAjyo 125 1933-44 sudhI rAjya sAbarakAMThA ejansInI dekharekha nIce hatuM. tyArabAda vaDodarAnA resiDenTanI dekharekha nIce mukAyuM hatuM. IDara rAjya 1947 mAM bhAratasaMgha sAthe joDANa svIkAryuM ane tyArabAda muMbaI rAjyamAM e vilIna thaI gayuM.27 3. rAjakIya jAgRti prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna gujarAtanA rAjavIoe lazkara ane nANAMnI madada karIne aMgrejone upakAravaza banAvyA hatA, AthI A rAjAo niraMkuza banIne prajAnAM sukhaduHkha tarapha lakSa ApavAne badale vaibhava-vilAsamAM paDI gayA hatA ane emanA durAcAra ane bhraSTAcArane kAraNe prajA trAsI gaI hatI. emanAM rAjyamAM vANIsvAtaMtryane sthAna na hatuM, milakata tathA jAnanI salAmatI na hatI. game te kAraNe prajAjanone jelamAM nAkhatA hatA. rAjAnI sAme korTamAM jaI zakAtuM na hatuM. IjArAzAhI phAlIlI hatI. garIba kheDUto tathA madhyamavarganA leka bhAre karaverA nIce kayaDAI rahyA hatA. paisAdAra jAgIradAra ane bhAyAta meTA bhAganA karaverAomAMthI mukta hatA. vaDodarA rAjya sivAya koI paNa rAjyamAM inkama-TaeNsa jevo vera na hatuM. rAjyanI Avaka tathA aMgata Avaka vacce kaI taphAvata na hatuM. rAjakoTa jevuM nAnuM rAjya dara varase enI kula AvakanA pacAsa TakA jeTalI rU. sAta lAkhanI rakama rAjAnI aMgata mojamajAnA kharca pAchaLa vAparatuM hatuM. khuda vaDodarA jevA pragatizIla rAjyanI prilI-parsanI rakama rAjyanI AvakanA dasa TakA jeTalI hatI. rAjyanuM zAsana Apakhuda hatuM. nAgarika hakkone abhAva hatuM. vaDodarA rAjakoTa ane bhAvanagaramAM niyukta karelA sabhyanI banelI kAunsila ke prajApratinidhi sabhA hatI tene mAtra carcA karavAne hakaka hatA. keTalAka rAjyomAM nagarapAlikA hatI, paNa ene vahIvaTa sarakArI amaladAro karatA hatA ane sabhyo paNa nimAyelA hatA. Ama moTA bhAganAM dezI rAjyamAM loke sAmaMtazAhI vyavasthA nIce sabaDatA hatA. vahIvaTItaMtra jaDa ane purANI paddhatine anusaratuM hatuM. taraMgIpaNuM tema vicitratAo ane svachaMdatAne kAraNe keTalAka rAjA vAmaNA lAgatA hatA ane kyAreka hAsyAspada vatana paNa karatA hatA. jUnAgaDha jevA prathama darajajAnA rAjyanA navAbe kUtarA-kUtarInAM lagna karI, ene vaDe kADhI pachI e beune vIMdhI nAkhIne navAbIne bo lagADyo hato. Ama chatAM bhUtakALamAM ane Adhunika kAlamAM keTalAka rAjavIoe kalA saMgIta vagerene tathA zALAo kADhIne keLavaNIne uttejana ApyuM hatuM ane bahAranI keLavaNInI saMsthAo, jevI ke banArasa yunivarsiTI, phargyusana koleja, dakSiNAmUrti, alIgaDha yunivarsiTI, vizvabhAratI jevI saMsthAone mAtabara dAna

Page #151
126 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ApIne sahAya paNa karI hatI, paNa moTA bhAganA rAjavIonAM Apakhuda zAsana tathA lakhalUTa kharcAne kAraNe teo apriya banyA hatA. aMgreja sarakAra dezI rAjAone prajAkIya javALa sAmenI rakSaNAtmaka dIvAla gaNIne emane aMdarakhAnethI rakSaNa ApatI hatI ane badalAmAM emanI pAsethI vaphAdArInI AzA rAkhatI hatI. dezI rAjaya bhAratamAtAnA deha upara gUmaDAM samAna hatAM. briTiza hakUmatanI salAmatI upara emanI salAmatIne AdhAra hate. kAyamI rakSaNanI khAtarIne kAraNe dezI rAjyanI prajAnI yAtanAmAM anekagaNuM vadhAre thayA hatA ane emanAmAM tIvra asaMtoSa pravartate hate. - aMgreja sattAdhArIoe dezI rAjyone teonA vahIvaTamAM sudhArA dAkhala karavA sUcanA ApI hatI, paNa A emane daMbha ho, aMdarakhAnethI briTiza sattAvALA potAnI prajAne svazAsana mATe taiyAra karanAra lAkhAjIrAja ke sayAjIrAva jevA pragatizIla rAjavIonA kArabhAra tarapha aNagamo ane zaMkAnI dRSTithI jetA hatA. 28 sAmAnya rIte dezI rAjyanA kArabhAmAM briTiza hiMdanA nAgarikane mAthuM mAravAne adhikAra na hate. khuda bhAratIya rASTriya koMgresanI nIti paNa dezI rAjyanA praznomAM mAthuM na mAravAnI hatI ane gAMdhIjIe emane abhiprAya avAranavAra vyakta karyo hato ke dezI rAjyanA praznamAM mAthuM mAravAthI emanAM hitone lAbha karatAM nukazAna thavAno saMbhava vadhAre che. aMgrejo A dezamAMthI vidAya thayA pachI dezI rAjyone prazna sahelAIthI patI jaze ema eo mAnatA hatA. jhADa kapAI jaze te DALAM sAthe ja paDaze Ama chatAM gAMdhIjI "harijana" patra dvArA rAjAonA julamanI jhATakaNI kADhatA hatA ane emanI jAtane prajAnA TrasTI gaNIne svazAsana ApavA AgrahapUrvaka samajAvavAnuM cUkyA na hatA. 1928 sudhI koMgrese e nIti apanAvI hatI ke dezI rAjyanI prajAe pitAnA paga upara UbhA rahevuM joIe ane bahAranI madada upara AdhAra rAkhavo joIe nahi. Isa. 1997 mAM koMgresane bhAratavarSanAM meTA bhAganAM rAjyomAM cUMTaNImAM bahumatI maLatAM A nItimAM parivartana AvyuM hatuM ane dezI rAjyanI prajAmAM hiMmata AvI hatI, tethI mAtra TharAvo ke vinaMtI na karatAM teoe sAmUhika satyAgrahane mAga svIkAryo hato. agAu I. sa. 1927nA DisembaranI 17mI tArIkhe ola inDiyA sTeTsa pIpala kaoNnpharansa'nI prathama sabhA muMbaImAM maLI hatI. A mITiMgamAM amRtalAla Thakkara, maNilAla keThArI, baLavaMtarAya mahetA vageree hAjarI ApI hatI ane dareka dezI rAjyamAM khAdI dArUbaMdhI tema pachAta varganA uddhAra mATe racanAtmaka kAma karavA maMDaLe sthApavAnI himAyata karI hatI. 1927

Page #152
dezI rAjyo 17 nA Disembara mAsamAM thayelA koMgresanA adhivezanamAM dezI rAjyanI javAbadAra rAjyataMtranI mAgaNIne Teko Apyo hato. Ama kramaza: koMgrese dezI rAjyonA praznomAM rasa levAnI zarUAta karI hatI.28 A kAla daramyAna rANapurathI 1921 mAM zarU karAyelA saurASTra' page amRtalAla zeThanA taMtrI paNa nIce "kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadane saMdeze gAmaDe gAmaDe pahoMcADavAnuM ane sadIonI gulAmInI ghora nidrAmAMthI prajAne jagADavAnuM kArya karyuM hatuM. dezI rAjyanA ekahaththu anyAyI taMtrathI ane ApakhudIthI prajAne pIDatA adhikArIonA kAryanI khabare prasiddha karAye jatI hovAthI rAjyanA sattAdhIzonI niraMkuza gati upara aMkuza mukAyo hato. "janmabhUmi phUlachAba" tathA "vaMde mAtarama" patroe paNa amRtalAla zeTha, zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI ane jhaveracaMda medhANInI tIkhI tamatamatI kalamothI dezI rAjyanA rAjavIonAM kALAM kRtya khullAM paDyAM hatAM ane teoe prajAmAM jAgRti lAvavA mahattvano phALo Ape hatA, tethI dezI rAjyamAM "prajAmaMDaLe" sthApavAnI prajAmAM hiMmata AvI hatI. dezI rAjyamAM khullI caLavaLa karavAnuM azakya hevAthI dezI rAjyanA kAryakare vaDhavANa rAjakoTa rANapura amadAvAda ane muMbaI jevAM briTiza hiMdamAM AvelAM sthaLoe rahIne, rAjAo sAme maMDaLe sthApIne jhuMbeza calAvatA hatA. pariNAme vaDodarA rAjakoTa bhAvanagara pirabaMdara jAmanagara IDara mAsA vagere rAjyomAM prajAmaMDaLonI pravRtti zarU thaI hatI.30 | dezI rAjyonI prajAmAM bhAre karaverA, veThanI prathA, mahesUlane UMce dara, niSpakSa nyAyane abhAva, rAjavIo ane amaladAronI nItibhraSTatA, zoSaNanIti ane lAMcaruzavatagIrI tathA rAjAonI bephAma uDAugIrI aMge bhAre asaMtoSa pravatate hate. briTiza hiMdamAM cAlatI racanAtmaka pravRttione paNa dezI rAjyomAM virodha thatuM hatuM, kAraNa ke teonI AvakamAM AvyA ghaTADe thatuM hatuM ane prajAmAM jAgRti AvavAthI bhaviSyamAM emanI svAthI pravRttio upara aMkuza Ave ane javAbadAra taMtranI mAMgaNI paNa kare e Dara rahetA hatA. A kAraNe rAjyoe sabhA saraghasa sUtroccAra dhvajavaMdana jevI nirdoSa pravRttio upara paNa pratibaMdha lAdyA hatA ane pratIkAra karanArane bhAre sajA karI ke rAjya bahAra dezanikAla karI, mAlamilakta japta karavAnI dhamakI ApI, lAThImAra vagere damanakAraka pagalAM laIne lokonI caLavaLa dabAvI devA prayatna karyo hate.31 vaDedarA prajAmaMDaLa araviMda ghoSa tathA "abhinava bhArata' nA krAMtikArIonI vaDodarAmAM ghaNI asara hatI. baMgabhaMganI tathA svadezInI caLavaLane kAraNe prajAmAM jAgRti AvI

Page #153
128 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI hatI. "gaMganAtha vidyAlaya" sthApIne chUpI pravRtti karavAnI yojanA paNa hatI ane enA AgevAna dezabhakta amaladAre tema keLavaNIkAro vagere hatA. 1910-11 daramyAna gaMganAtha vidyAlaya baMdha karavAnI ane zrI purohita, IzvarabhAI paTela, choTubhAI purANI vagere dezabhaktone rAjyanI nokarImAMthI chUTA karavAnI rAjya upara pharaja pADavAmAM AvI hatI, Ama chatAM temAM AvelI jAgRti rokI zakAI nahi ane lekenI phariyAda dUra thAya ane javAbadAra taMtranI rAjyamAM sthApanA thAya e hetuthI 1916 mAM "vaDodarA rAjya prajAmaMDaLa"nuM prathama adhivezana haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALAnA pramukhapaNAnI nIce navasArImAM thayuM hatuM. rAjyanA vaDodarA navasArI amarelI ane mahesANA prAMtanA sattara AgevAnoe maLIne prajAmaMDaLanuM baMdhAraNa ghaDayuM hatuM. zarUAtamAM emaNe sahakArI ane samAdhAnakArI valaNa apanAvyuM hatuM ane eo lekenI phariyAdo arajI ke amaladAronI rUbarU mulAkAta laIne dUra karavA prayatna karatA hatA, ane varasamAM eka vakhata maLIne carcA karIne TharAva karI rAjya pAse rajUAta karatA hatA. emanI mAgaNIonA nikAla mATe ugra valaNa dAkhavavAmAM AvyuM na hatuM. prajAmaMDaLanI beThake InDiyana nezanala koMgresanI mAphaka judAM judAM sthaLoe thatI hatI. prathama adhivezana navasArImAM thayuM hatuM. tyArabAda bIju adhivezana 1918 mAM viThThalabhAI paTelanA pramukhapaNa nIce vaDodarAmAM thayuM hatuM. trIju adhivezana harilAla parIkhanA adhyakSapaNA nIce 1922 mAM vaDodarAmAM thayuM hatuM. sAtamuM adhivezana sane 1928 mAM vaDodarAmAM darabAra gopALadAsanA adhyakSapaNuM nIce thayuM hatuM ane 1932 mAM vAmanarAva rAmacaMdranA adhyakSapaNA nIce dasamuM adhivezana DabhoI mukAme thayuM hatuM. 1935 mAM abhyAsa taiyabajInA pramukhapaNA nIce vaDodarAmAM prajamaMDaLanuM adhivezana thayuM hatuM. 1920-2! tathA 1930-31 nI satyAgrahanI laDatamAM vaDodarA rAjyanA prajAjanoe bhAga lIdho hato ane borasada tathA bAraDolI satyAgrahanA prasaMgoe briTiza jillAnA prajAjanoe gAyakavADI pradezamAM Azraya laIne briTiza sattAvALAone pratIkAra karyo hato, A kAraNe briTiza sattAvALAoe vaDodarAnA adhikArIo krAMtikArIone tathA satyAgrahIone emanI pravRttiomAM sahAya kare che evo AkSepa paNa mUkyo hate ane keTalAka adhikArIo tathA nokarone nokarImAMthI chUTA karavA pharaja paNa pADI hatI. vaDodarA zaheramAM prajAmaMDaLanI pravRtti maryAdita rahI tyAM sudhI rAjya paravA karI na hatI, paNa 1930 thI 1934 nI laData pachI prajAmaMDaLanI pravRtti gAmaDAMomAM phelAtAM sarakAranI prajAmaMDaLa upara khaphA najaranI tema gharSaNanI zarUAta thaI hatI. kaThora mukAme 1936 mAM adhivezana thayuM tyAre enA netAone

Page #154
dezI rAjya 129 gALo daIne ane kyAreka tamAcA mArIne apamAnita karavAmAM AvyA hatA. 1937 nA visanagara adhivezana pachI sarakAranI johukamI vadhI hatI. DabakAne 1300 ekaramAM AvelA zikArakhAnAne trAsa paNa asahya hato. lAMcaruzavatanI badI paNa khUba phalI hatI ane nokarazAhI khUba vakarI gaI hatI. A kAraNe bhAdaraNa adhivezananA pramukha tarIke saradAra paTelane pasaMda karavAmAM AvyA hatA. saradAra paTele 28-10-38 nA roja bhAdaraNa adhivezanamAM upayukta bAbatene ullekha karyo hato ane jaNAvyuM hatuM ke trIsa varasa upara dhArAsabhAnI sthApanA thaI hatI, paNa ahIM nAlAyakAtanI ja tAlIma maLatI hatI. vaDodarA prajAmaMDaLe bAvIsa varasa sudhI dhIrajapUrvaka rAha joyA chatAM rAjyanA peTanuM pANI paNa hAlyuM na hatuM ane enI jUnI rItarasama cAluM rAkhIne prajApIThananI pravRtti cAlu ja hatI. saradAre vaDodarA rAjyanI dArUnA chUTA vecANanI nIti muMbaI rAjyanI dArUbaMdhInI nItine kevI rIte bAdhaka hatI e samajAvI dArUbaMdhI dAkhala karavA ane mahesUlanA dara ghaTADavA jaNAvyuM hatuM, paNa rAjyanAM sthApita hitane ane amaladArazAhIne A sUcane gamyAM na hatAM. saradAra paTelanA ubedhanane kAraNe prajAmaMDaLanA netAomAM vadhu AtmavizvAsa Avyo hato ane emaNe vadhAre ugratAthI kArya karavAnI zarUAta karI hatI. haripurA koMgresanA TharAvane kAraNe paNa prajAmaMDaLanI pravRttine vega maLyo hate. atyAra sudhI taTastha rahevAnI nIti koMgrese tajI devAnI zarUAta karI hatI. mAMgaroLa ane palasANa tAlukAemAM saradAra paTela pote pharyA ne kheDUtone jAgrata karyA ane vakarI gayelI karazAhImAM phaphaDATa pesI gaye, AthI mahesUlamAM rU. 20 lAkha ghaTADyA ane matAdhikAra vistRta karyo tema dhArAsabhAmAM prajAnuM pratinidhitva vadhAryuM. tA. 20-3-09 nA roja vaDodarA zahera ane jillA taraphathI saradArane mAnapatra ane rU. 25,001 nI thelI ApavAne kAryakrama rakhAyo hato. saradAravirodhI patrikA vaheMcIne marAThIbhASI prajAjanone uzkeravAmAM AvyA hatA. pariNAme vaDodarAmAM tophAna phATI nIkaLyAM hatAM, jemAM saradAranA saraghasa upara paththaramAro karAyuM hatuM ane jeDA pheMkIne apamAna karAyuM hatuM. A prasaMge traNeka divasa tephAna thayAM hatAM ane prajAmaMDaLa-virodhI saraghasamAM bhAga lenArAoe gujarAtI lattAomAM loko upara humalA paNa karyA hatA. 1940 mAM 60 sabhyonI dhArAsabhAmAM prajAmaMDaLanA umedavAra sArI saMkhyAmAM cUMTAyA hatA. pratApasiMharAve mahesUlamAM ghaTADo karI, dhArAsabhAnA

Page #155
130 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sabhyonI saMkhyA vadhArI tathA rUpiyA eka karoDanuM TrasTa dAdAnI yAdamAM UbhuM karIne zubha zarUAta karI hatI. 1942 nI 'hiMda choDo'nI caLavaLamAM prajAmaMDaLe bhAga lIdho hato, vizvayuddha (1939-1945) daramyAna prajAmaMDaLanI caLavaLa maMda paDI hatI, paNa 1946 mAM rAjyamAM cUMTaNI thaI hatI temAM prajAmaMDaLe sArI bahumatI prApta karI hatI, paNa yuddha pUrNa thayA bAda prajAmaMDaLa sAthe pratApasiMharAvane gharSaNa thayuM hatuM. aMte darabAra gepALadAsa sAthe vATAghATa karIne javAbadAra taMtra saradArazrInI salAha mujaba ApavA rAjya nakkI karyuM, paNa AmAM matabheda thatAM Do. jIvarAja mahetAnA pradhAnamaMDaLe pratApasiMharAvane padabhraSTa karavA ane emanA nANAkIya vyavahAranI tapAsa karavA TharAva karyo. chevaTe 25-8-1948 nA roja rAjAe saMpUrNa javAbadAra taMtra ApavAnI jAherAta karI, paNa rAjAe agAu rajU kareluM zubherachAnuM vAtAvaraNa luSita karyuM ane emane rAjagAdI ane sAliyANuM baMne khovAM paDyAM. rAjyanuM muMbaI rAjya sAthe 1-5-1949nA roja joDANa thatAM A prakaraNane aMta Avyo.32 kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanI sthApanA ane asahakAra saurASTramAM baMgabhaMga tathA svadezI-caLavaLanI asara bhAvanagara vaDhavANa ane rAjakeTa jevAM zaheramAM ja paDI hatI. bhAvanagaramAM "svadezImaMDaLa" vidyAthI e zarU karyuM hatuM. TiLaka mahArAja ane enI bisanTanI homarUla-lIganI asara paNa amuka aMze keLavAyelA vaga upara thaI hatI. kavi mahArANIzaMkaranAM vyAkhyAne ane rASTragItanI tathA AryasamAja ane thiyosephikala sosAyaTI vagerenI paNa janatA upara asara paDI hatI. gujarAtamAM asmitAnuM prakaTIkaraNa sarvatra jaNAtuM hatuM. gAMdhIjInA dakSiNa AphrikAmAMthI thayelA Agamanane kAraNe paNa lekamAM AzA pragaTI hatI ane emanA prayAsathI vIramagAmanI lAInadorI dUra thaI hatI. Ama sarvatra jAgRtine kAraNe 1919 mAM kAThiyAvADa hitavardhaka sabhAnI sthApanA thaI. enA sabhyoe vinIta pakSanI nIti anusAra briTiza rAjyane vaphAdAra rahI sAmAjika ane rAjakIya prazno hala karavA prayatna karyA. 1921 mAM "kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanI sthApanA thatAM A sabhA baMdha thaI gaI. saurASTranA praznonI vicAraNA mATe rAjakoTanA rAjavI lAkhAjIrAjanI preraNAthI viThThalabhAI paTelanA pramukhapaNA nIce pariSadanuM prathama adhivezana rAjakoTamAM thayuM. A pagalAthI ejansImAM phaphaDATa thaye ane DhasAnA darabAra gopALadAse sattAtyAga karyo ne koMgresamAM joDAyA. saurASTranI hatAza prajAmAM prANa purA ane sadIothI gulAmInI ghora nidrAmAM pahelI janatAne jAgrata karavA enA netAoe kamara kasI sAmaMtazAhI paribaLone paDakAra pheMkyo.

Page #156
dezI rAjya 131 kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSada'nuM bIju adhivezana abbAsa taiyabajInA pramukhapaNA nIce vaDhavANamAM thayuM. A adhivezanamAM DhasAnI gAdI cheDanAra darabAra gopALadAsanuM saMmAna karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. saradAra vallabhabhAI ane pre. rAmamUtinA preraka udhanane kAraNe lIMbaDI rAjyanA nyAyAdhIza amRtalAla zeThe rAjyanI nokarImAMthI rAjInAmuM ApyuM ane dezI rAjyanI prajAnAM du:khone vAcA ApavA "saurASTra' sAptAhika rANapurathI zarU karyuM. dezI rAjyanAM ekahaththu zAsana, anyAyI taMtra ane ApakhudI aMgenA sacoTa ane sAcA samAcAra emanI tejadAra kalama dvArA jozIlI jabAnamAM pragaTa karI samagra saurASTranAM dezI rAjyomAM cetanane saMcAra karyo, jenAthI julamIonA hRdayamAM bhaya vyApI gaye ane emanI niraMkuza pravRttiomAM oTa AvI. 1921-22 mAM jhAlAvADamAM ane khAsa karIne vaDhavANuM ane dhrAMgadhrA rAjyamAM prajAmAM jAgRti AvI hatI ene prathama paDaze dhrAMgadhrAmAM paDyo. khAdIne pracAra karanAra haLavadanA eka yuvakane rAjyanI hadapAra karavAnI dhrAMgadhrA rAjya 1921 mAM sajA karI. phUlacaMdabhAI tathA emanA sAthIoe rAjyanA A pagalAne virodha karyo ane emaNe dhrAMgadhrAmAM "kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanuM saMmelana karavA nirNaya karyo. dhrAMgadhrA rAye jAhera sabhA bharavA upara pratibaMdha mUkyo, AthI zivAnaMdajI ane enA sAthIo A pratibaMdhane bhaMga karavA dhrAMgadhrA gayA, phUlacaMdabhAI tathA zivAnaMdajI rASTragIta gAtA gAtA zerIomAM pharyA. maNibhAI koThArI tathA manasukhabhAInI dharapakaDa karAI rAjakoTa rAjyamAM 1922 mAM muMbaInA gavarnaranI mulAkAtanA prasaMge saradhAramAM leke e satyAgraha karyo hate. saradhAranA taLAvamAM batakane zikAra A prasaMge rAjya goThavyuM hatuM tyAre 2,000 mANasoe A zikAra aMge virodha pradarzita karyo ane rAjya netAonI dharapakaDa karI jelanI sajA karI tethI lake vadhAre uzkerAyA ane 1922 nA phebruArImAM dekhAvane kAraNe rAjyane manasukhabhAI vagerene choDI devAnI pharaja paDI ane lakSmatane vijaya thayuM. 1921 nI gAMdhIjInI asahakAranI caLavaLa daramyAna saurASTranAM zaheromAM haDatALa paDI hatI ane gAMdhIjInI hAkalane mAna ApIne keTalAke satyAgrahamAM bhAga lIdho hato. saurASTranAM zaheromAM jaliyAMvAlA bAganI katala ane roleTa eNkaTa tathA gAMdhIjInI dharapakaDa aMge sabhAo bharAI hatI ane saraghasa nIkaLyAM hatAM. rAjyoe sabhA ane saradhasabaMdhI jAhera karI hatI. lIMbaDImAM amRtalAla zeThanI dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI hatI, AthI mahAjana ane leke rAjamahela pAse

Page #157
12 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI meTI saMkhyAmAM ekatrita thayA ane mahAjananI madhyasthIne kAraNe rAjyane amRtalAla zeThane mukta karavA pharaja paDI hatI, vaDhavANa ane amarelI khAdIutpAdananAM keMdra hatAM ane temAM khAdIpracAra, aspRzyatAnivAraNa, paradezI kApaDane bahiSkAra tathA dArUbaMdhInA kAryakrama yathAzakti apanAvyA hatA. gAyakavADI zahera amarelI AnAthI alipta na hatuM. 1924 mAM bhAvanagaramAM prajApariSadanI sthApanA thaI hatI. A pariSadamAM 1925 mAM thayelA kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanA bhAvanagara adhivezanamAM dIvAna prabhAzaMkara paTTaNI tathA mahArAjA kRSNakumArasiMhajIe hAjarI ApI hatI. lAkhAjIrAjane hAthe gAMdhIjIne emanI sevA badala mAnapatra ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. gAMdhIjIe lekane racanAtmaka kAryakrama apanAvavA anurodha karyo. 1928 mAM porabaMdaramAM amRtalAla ThakkaranA pramukhapaNa nIce pariSadanuM caithuM adhivezana thayuM, A adhivezanamAM pariSada prajAkIya rAjyataMtra laIne jaMpaze e sUra vyakta karAye, khAdI ane aspRzyatAnivAraNa vagere kAmane vega ApavA anurodha tha. 1929mAM maeNrabImAM saradAra vallabhabhAInA pramukhapaNa nIce pariSadanuM pAMcamuM adhivezana karavAmAM AvyuM tyAre gAMdhIjIe A adhivezanamAM hAjarI ApI hatI. saradAre saurASTranA lekIne besavAnuM ochuM rAkhavAnI ne vadhAre kAma karavAnI salAha ApI. 1931 mAM dhrAMgadhrAmAM pariSadanuM chaThuM adhivezana karavAnuM nakkI karyuM hatuM, paNa rAjya A mATe paravAnagI ApI na hatI. 21-9-1931 ne divasa dhrAMgadhrAdina" tarIke UjavAya. prAMgadhrA ane haLavadanA kAryakarone pakaDavAmAM AvyA ane tethI 4-11-1931 nA divase svAmI zivAnaMda ane emanA svayaMsevakoe pratibaMdhane bhaMga karI dharapakaDa vahorI lIdhI. haLavadamAM 70 divasa sudhI haDatALa paDI hatI. jAnyuArI, 1932 mAM phUlacaMdabhAIe pharI satyAgraha karI jela vahorI lIdhI hatI. aMte jAma sAhebanI samajAvaTane kAraNe badhA satyAgrahIone cheDI mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. 1937 mAM darabAra gopALadAsanA pramukhapaNa nIce che adhivezana saradArazrInI hAjarImAM rAjakoTamAM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A adhivezanamAM javAbadAra taMtra ApavAnI tathA keTalIka phariyAdo dUra karavAnI mAgaNI thaI hatI.33 rAjakeTa-satyAgraha 1937 mAM dezamAM koMgrese sattAnAM sUtra saMbhALatAM dezI rAjyanI prajAmAM AzA pragaTI ane rAjakoTa lIMbaDI bhAvanagara vaDodarA vagere rAjyomAM javAbadAra

Page #158
dezI rAjya 103 taMtranI mAgaNI joradAra banI ane pariNAme rAjakoTathI leklaDatanI zarUAta thaI. rAjakoTamAM dhamedrasiMhajInA dIvAna vIrAvALAe ApakhudIthI rAjyanI Avaka vadhAravA ogasTa, 1938 mAM jugAra ramavAnA akhADAone ijAre Ape, barapha dIvAsaLI ane vIjaLIne sAmAna vecavAne paNa IjAre Ape. prajAmaMDaLe jugAra ane ijArAzAhI nAbUda karI, jamIna-mahesUlanA daramAM 15 TakAne ghaTADe karI javAbadAra rAjyataMtra ApavA rAjA pAse mAgaNIo mUkI ane eka sabhA bharI. pilIse sabhAmAM lAThIcArja karI mukhya kAryakartAonI dharapakaDa karI, AthI pariSadanA pramukha saradAre rAjyanA damana aMge javAba mAge ane AMdolanane khALavAnuM azakya jaNAtAM rAjya prajAmaMDaLanI badhI mAgaNIo svIkArI samAdhAna karyuM. dIvAna vIrAvALAne rAjInAmuM ApavuM paDayuM ane jamIna-mahesUlamAM 18 TakA ghaTADo karyo. vIrAvALAnI jagyAe Avela dIvAna keDala sAta prajAkIya sabhyanI ane traNa adhikArIonI banelI kAunsilane rAjyane vahIvaTa soMpavA taiyAra thayA, paNa poliTikala ejanTa gibsana ane vIrAvALAnI kuTila nItine kAraNe rAjya samAdhAnane bhaMga karyo ane saradAre sUcavelAM sAta nAmamAM pitAne anukULa mANasone mUkIne sekasa mANasanI saMkhyA cAra rahe ane bAkInA emanA maLatiyAone sthAna maLe evI yuti karI, AthI rAjakeTanI laDatane punaH AraMbha thayo. leke upara khUba julama gujAravAmAM AvyA. rAjakeTane prazna samagra saurASTrane prazna bane, AthI gAMdhIjIe maNibahena paTela ane kastUrabAne jAtatapAsa mATe rAjakoTa mekalyAM, paNa 10-1-1939 thI dIvAnapada choDI gayelA kaMDalanA sthAne pharI dIvAna tarIke Avela vIrAvALAe macaka ApI nahi. rAjakeTanI laDatathI ane rAjAnA vacanabhaMgathI vyathita thaI gAMdhIjI 1939 nA phebruArInI 27 mIe rAjakoTa AvyA ane kAunsilanI racanA aMge matabheda dUra karavA vATAghATo AraMbhI, jemAM niSphaLatA maLatAM gAMdhIjIe mArcanI trIjIe upavAsa zarU karyA. vAIsaroye daramyAnagIrI karI ane samagra kesa dilhInA cIka jasTisa morisa DrAyarane soMpavA ThAkare khAtarI ApatAM gAMdhIjIe upavAsa choDyA. merisa vAyare saradAranA arthadhaTanane mAnya rAkhyuM ane saradAre sUcavelAM nAmanI yAdImAM rAjyane pheraphAra karavA hakake nathI e cukAdo Apyo, paNa sarvasaMmata sabhyonAM nAme aMge matabheda cAlu rahyo. aMte gAMdhIjIe malina sAmaMtazAhI tothI pitAnI hAra kabUlI ane rAjakoTane prazra nirAkaraNa vinA paDI rahyo. tyArabAda rAjAe nImelI kamiTIe ApelA riTa pramANe 40 cUMTAyelA ane 20 niyukta thayelA sabhyonI pratinidhi-sabhAnI racanA karavAmAM AvI. 40 cUMTAyelA sabhyo paikI musalamAne garAsiyA ane pachAtavargane 14

Page #159
134 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jagyA phALavavAmAM AvI hatI. A sabhAne mAtra carcA karavA sivAya anya adhikAra na hato. rAjA pAse badhI sattA hatI eTale A sudhAre arthahIna hatA.34 lIMbaDI-satyAgraha lIMbaDI rAjyanI Avaka mukhyatve jamIna-mahesUlanI hatI ane rAjya bhAgabaTAI dvArA trIja athavA cothe bhAga kheDUto pAsethI letuM hatuM. rAjyanI kula Avakane pacAsa TakA bhAga rAjakuTuMbanA aMgata kharca peTe vaparAto hato, jyAre zikSaNa ane Arogya vagere jAhera sevAo pAchaLa thoDe kharca thato hato. yuvarAjanuM cAritrya zaMkAspada hatuM ane darabAranAM kuTuMbIo taraphathI eka kanyAnuM apaharaNa karIne ane muMbaI laI javAI hatI. prajAnA AgevAne pAse kanyAnA pitAe phariyAda karatAM rasikalAla parIkhe eka jAhera sabhA bolAvI hatI ane emAM kanyAnI mukti mATe mAgaNI karavAmAM AvI hatI. A sivAya le ke e javAbadAra taMtranI mAgaNI paNa mUkI hatI. yuvarAje A bAbata mIThI mIThI goLa goLa vAta karI amadAvAda ane muMbaImAM vasatA lIMbaDInA prajAjanone carcA mATe nimaMtraNa ApyuM hatuM. ThAkora digvijayasiMhajI tathA kArabhArI phatehasiMhajIe mIThAza rAkhI mAgaNI grAhya rAkhavAne dekhAva karyo, paNa emanI pravRtti lIMbaDI zahera pUratI ja maryAdita rAkhavA jaNAvyuM. A darakhAsta Age vAnone svIkAryuM na hatI tethI 24-12-38 nA roja lIMbaDI prajAmaMDaLanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI ane rAjye jatI daMDa jela vagerenI sajA karI damanakArI pagalAM bharyA. prajAmaMDaLanI AgevAnI vepArIo pAse hatI eTale zahera ane gAmaDAMomAM emanAM gharone vyavasthita rIte lUMTavAmAM AvyAM ane jAnanI dhamakI paNa ApavAmAM AvI chatAM lake aDaga rahyA hatA. 1-1-1939 nA roja "kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSadanI kArobArInI eka sabhA lIMbaDImAM darabAra gopALadAsanA pramukhapaNuM nIce bolAvavAmAM AvI tethI rAjya cakI UThayuM ane maMDaLane teDavA garAsadAro brAhmaNe musalamAna vagerene uzkeravAmAM AvyA. zahera ane gAmaDAomAM lekone rakSaNa ApavAnuM baMdha karI bhADUtI leko ane garAsadAre mAraphata lekane lUMTavAmAM AvyA ane emanI milakatane nukasAna pahoMcADavAmAM AvyuM. Ama chatAM 19-2-1939 nA roja "kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSada' bharavAnuM nakkI karAyuM. A prasaMge sabhAsthAna upara humalA karI guMDAoe hAjara rahelA lokone mAra mAryo. ziyANInI caMcaLabahena nAmanI AgevAna kAryakartA bahena upara amAnurI trAsa gujAravAmAM Avyo chatAM leka aDaga

Page #160
135 dezI rAjya rahyA aMte kaMTALIne 1,300 mANasoe lIMbaDImAMthI sAmUhika hijarata karI ane teo vaDhavANa pAse jorAvaranagaramAM vasyA. rAjyanI zAna ThekANe lAvavA lIMbaDInI nAkAbaMdhI karI ane ene Arthika bahiSkAra karyo. enuM rU paDI rahetAM rAjyanI Avaka ghaTI gaI. thoDAka samayamAM ThAkora ane enA yuvarAja maraNa pAmyA; ejansIe rAjyane vahIvaTa karavA eka adhikArI nI ane 1938 mAM zarU karAyelI lIMbaDInI laDatane aMta ANe. 1943 mAM rAjya agAu pikaLa sudhArA-dhArAsabhA gAmasabhA vagere ApI lokone chetaravA prayatna ryo hate, paNa emAM lokone javAbadArI ApavAnI vAta na hatI tethI niSphaLatA maLI hatI 35 bhAvanagara-satyAgraha bhAvanagara rAjyanI udAra nItine kAraNe tathA dIvAna prabhAzaMkara paTTaNInI dIrdha dRSTine kAraNe prajA ane rAjya vacce saMgharSanA prasaMge upasthita thayA na hatA, paNa lokomAM rAjakoTa-satyAgraha bAda javAbadArataMtra mATe Agraha hate tethI 14-5-1939 nA roja bhAvanagaramAM saradAra vallabhabhAI paTelanA pramukhapaNa nIce pariSadanuM adhivezana karavAnuM nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM. A agAu rAjya 30-4-1939 nA roja rAjyamAM dhArAsabhA sthApavA mATe jAherAta karI hatI, paNa lokamAM enAthI saMtoSa thayo na hato, 14-5-- 39 nA saradAranA AgamananA ja prasaMge tephAna thayAM hatAM. nAnAbhAI bhaTTane mAthAmAM lAThIna phaTake mAravAmAM Avyo, AtmArAma bhaTTa upara paNa lAThIthI humalo karavAmAM Avyo, bIjA cArapAMca bhAIone paNa ghAyala karavAmAM AvyA. A paikI bacubhAI vIrajI tathA jAdavajIbhAInAM maraNa thayAM. lehI nItaratA nAnAbhAIne saradAre meTaramAM laIne hospiTala pahoMcADyA. A divase pariSada mulatavI rahI ane saradAre badhAne zAMti rAkhI ne uzkerAvA anurodha karyo ane pariSadanA kAryane saphaLa banAvavA sUcanA karI, AthI zaheramAM du:khanI lAgaNI phelAI ane khAmozI rakhAI. bIje divase 15-5-1939 nA roja bhAvanagaranA musalamAnonI eka jAhera sabhA thaI ane bhAvanagaranA hiMduo ane musalamAne bhAIcArAthI vartaze ema jAhera karyuM. zahIda thayelI vyaktio mATe smAraka racavA jAhera sabhA yojAI hatI. A tophAnane kAraNe bhAvanagara rAjyanI AbarUne baTTo lAgyA hatA chatAM rAjya pAchaLathI vadhAre kaDaka baMdobasta karyo hato.36 1942 nI 'hiMda choDo' caLavaLa daramyAna bhAvanagaranA mahattvanA netAo suredranagara sTezanethI AvatAM nAnAbhAInA AMbaliyA-grAma dakSiNAmUtinA

Page #161
136 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI nivAsasthAnethI teonI 27-8-42 nA roja dharapakaDa karavAmAM AvI hatI. tA. 9-8-42 nA roja bhAvanagaramAM haDatALa paDI hatI. vajubhAI zAhanuM ghara badhI pravRttionuM kedra banI gayuM hatuM. saradAra pRthvIsiMhane paNa pAchaLathI pakaDI levAmAM AvyA hatA. mukhya netAone be varasanI sakhata majUrInI sAthe kedanI sajA ane rU. be hajAranA daMDanI sajA karavAmAM AvI hatI. pa1 senAnIone rU. eka hajAra daMDa ane daMDa na bhare te eka mAsanI AsAnakedanI sajA karAI hatI. bAkInI vyaktione nAnI moTI sajA karAI hatI.37 saurASTranA anya vistAramAMthI ucharaMgarAya Dhebara, rasikalAla parIkha, ratubhAI adANI, vajubhAI zukala vagerenI dharapakaDa karAI hatI ane emane jelavAsa ApavAmAM Avyo hate. lIlApura pAse mikasDa Treina be vAra lUTAI hatI. bhAMgapheDanI pravRttimAM rokAyelA kAryakartAo pATaNa mahesANA vaDodarA tathA kacchamAM Azraya laIne pravRtti calAvatA hatA. cheTubhAI purANI ane emanA sAgarIto sAthe purohita baMdhuo saMkaLAyelA hatA. AjhAdI prApta thayA bAda emane mukta rIte haravA pharavA chUTa maLI hatI.38 mANasA-satyAgraha mANasA rAjyamAM dara dasa varase mahesUlanI pharI AkAraNI karavAmAM AvatI hatI. rAjya emAM mahesUlanA daramAM bethI aDhI-gaNe vadhAre karyo hato, je kheDUte mATe khUba bhAre hate. A sivAya mANasAnA vividha vargonA leke mATe veTha karavAnuM pharajiyAta hatuM. A uparAMta jAtajAtanA lAgI ane verA prajAjane pAsethI levAmAM AvatA hatA. 1937nI sAlamAM pharI AkAraNInA prasaMge A gharSaNa ugra banyuM ane keTalAka lokee hijarata karI gAyakavADI pradezanA makAkhADa sTezane vasavATa karyo. julamathI trAsI gayelA kheDUtoe dasakroI tAlukAnA AgevAnane saMparka sAdhyo ane ravizaMkara mahArAjane A praznanI tapAsa mATe mokalyA. kheDUtanI rajUAtamAM tathya jaNAtAM rAjyane mahesUlane dara ghaTADavA athavA bhAgabaTAI paddhati dAkhala karavA jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM. rAjyanA dIvAna giradharalAle A darakhAsta svIkArI nahi ane japtI harAjI mArajhUDa vagere aneka pagalAM lIdhAM ane strIo bALaka ane vRddho paNa A damananAM bhoga banyAM, AthI 1938 nA jAnyuArIthI jamIna-mahesUla na bharavAne emaNe satyAgraha karyo. A kAraNe rAjyanI Avaka sthagita thaI gaI ane mANasAnA ThAkaranA julmanI vAta sAdarA kempanA poliTiksa ejanTa sudhI pahoMcI. eNe jamIna-mahesUla bAbata tapAsa karavA adhikArI mokalyo. mANasA rAje paNa A kesa baMne pakSe

Page #162
dezI rAja, 137 saradArane nirNaya mATe se ane samAdhAna thayuM. e mujaba vaDodarAnA mahesUlanA kAyadA pramANe kheDUte jamInanI AkAraNI thAya e mATe kabUla thayA ane parApUrvathI cAlyA AvatA kheDUtonA haka cAlu rakhAyA ane tenI prathAne aMta Avyo. Ama kheDUtoe khUba sahana karIne saMgaThana dvArA amAnuSI taMtra upara vijaya meLavyo. 39 anya AMdolana dezI rajavADAo paikI IDara pAlanapura viThThalagaDha vageremAM paNa mahesUlanA bhAre daranA kAraNe kheDUtoe AMdolana karyuM hatuM. IDaramAM "ekI'-aikyanI caLavaLa bhIlee zarU karI temaja rAjya ane zoSaNakhera sAhukAro tathA dArUnA pIThAvALAo sAme baLavAno prayAsa karyo. rAjya baLa vA rI bhalene dabAvI dIdhA, paNa piALa ane IDaranA bhIle sAthe e te samAdhAna thayuM. muMbaImAM vasatA IDaranA prajAjanoe 1925 nA phebruArImAM IDara prajAmaMDaLanI sthApanA karI. IDaranA junA samAcAra saurASTra hiMdustAna" ane e kaeNnikalamAM chapAtAM IDarane daMbha khulle paDI gayo prajAmaMDaLanA nava netAone rAjyapraveza upara pratibaMdha mUkavAmAM Avyo. mahIkAMThAnA poliTiksa ejanTa tathA muMbaInA gavarnarane IDaranA julma aMge phariyAda karavAmAM AvatAM gavarnaranA dabANane kAraNe dIvAna tathA cAMdarANInA ThAkorane nekarImAMthI chUTA karAyA ane Ama lekamatane 1926 mAM vijaya thaze prajAmaMDaLanuM bIju adhivezana IDaramAM karavAmAM AvyuM. lokomAM jAgRti lAvanAra netA gaMgArAma zuklane rAjya prathama cha varasanI ane bIjI vAra be varasanI sajA karI AMdolanane dabAvavA prayatna karyo. zukalanI so vIghAM jamIna rAjadroha badala japta karavAmAM AvI. 1930-31 ane tyArabAda mathurAdAsa gAMdhInI AgevAnI nIce paradezI mAlane bahiSkAra karAye ane dArUnA pIThAMonuM pikeTiMga karavAmAM AvyuM. rAjyanI Avaka AthI ghaTI gaI. Ama IDara ane muMbaImAM rahIne rAjyanuM muMbaI sAthe vilInIkaraNa thayuM tyAM sudhI A klaData cAlu rahI hatI.40 muMbaImAM rahetA rAdhanapura ane pAlanapuranA lokoe prajAmaMDaLa sthApyAM hatAM. pAlanapuramAM saMgha hatuM. pAlanapuramAM navAbanI begame enA inAmI gAma kuMbhAsaNamAM mahesUla vadhArI dIdhuM. A pramANe vaDagAma tAlukAmAM mahesUlane dara vadhAryo hata, paNa navAbe samAdhAna karI dara ghaTADyo. jAgIradAra prajAmaMDaLe veThanI prathA ane bhAre mahesula aMge caLavaLa karI hatI, jemAM emane saphaLatA maLI. rAdhanapuramAM vadhAre sakhatAI hatI ane leke upara trAsa gujAravAmAM AvatuM hatuM. vidyArthIo

Page #163
138 AjhAdI pahelA ane pachI tathA amadAvAda ane muMbaImAM vasatA nAgarika prajAmaMDaLanI caLavaLamAM bhAga letA hatA. viramagAma najIkanA viThThalagaDha rAjya viThThalagaDha rasanALa vagere gAmamAM mahesUla khUba vadhArI dIdhuM hatuM. e sAme lokee rasanALa-satyAgraha karyo hato. rAje khUba julama gujAryo hato ane keTalAka lekonI jamIna paNa japta karI hatI, paNa aMte ene namatuM ApavuM paDayuM hatuM. saurASTramAM mALiyA (miyANA) rAjyanA khAkharecI gAmanA kheDUtone rAjyane veThane khUba trAsa hatA. lagna karavA ane rAjamahela baMdhAvavA vagere prasaMgoe kheDUto upara vero nAkhavAmAM AvatA hatuM. rAjA gAmanI mulAkAta le tyAre dareka varganA lokone veTha karavI paDatI hatI ane dUdha ghI modIkhAnuM baLataNa ghAsacAre vagere maphata ApavAnI pharaja paDatI hatI.41 ghAsa sivAya kaI vastu maphata ApavAnI ane vadhArAnA karo ne beThA mATe paNa kheDUtoe nA pADI makkamatA dAkhavI. rAye jatI ane jelanuM zastra ajamAvyuM, paNa rAjavI saphaLa na thayA. gAMdhIjIe emanI laData pratye sahAnubhUti dAkhavI ane maNibhAI koThArIe gAmanI mulAkAta laI rAjyane lekenI badhI zarate mAnya rAkhavA pharaja pADI. jAmanagara rAjyamAM jAma raNajitasiMhajIe jIvana-jarUriyAtanI badhI vastuonA ijArA ApyA hatA. A uparAMta rAMDarAMDa sAdhuo phakIra kheDUte vepArIo majUro kArIgara vagere tamAma varganA loke upara 3 rUpiyAthI laIne rU. cAra sudhIne kara mAthAdIDha nAkhyo hato. vecANa ane kharIda upara paNa kara hate. lagabhaga pacAsathI vadhAre kara hatA. lavaNaprasAda zAhe A ijArAzAhIne tathA bhAre karaverAne virodha karyo ane pariNAme emane jela maLI. ahIM emane sakhata mArajhUDa karavAmAM AvI hatI.42 jUnAgaDha rAjyamAM prajAmaMDaLanuM kAma kaparuM hatuM. "kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSada'nuM adhivezana jUnAgaDhamAM karavAnuM nakkI karyuM chatAM teo zaheramAM sabhA bharI zakyA na hatA ane sTezanamAM maLIne ja vikherAI javuM paDayuM hatuM. 9-12-1938 nA roja baMdhAra ya sudhArA mATe maMDaLe mAgaNI karatA TharAva pasAra karyA. e paikI vepArIoe vepAramAM paDatI muzkelI dUra karavA keTalIka chUTachATa mAgI ane kheDUtoe mahesUlanA kAyadAmAM sudhAro karavA vinaMtI karI, AthI rAjya 11-12-38 nA divase darabAra bharIne keTalIka chUTachATanI jAherAta karI ane prajAmaMDaLanA pramukha narahariprasAdanI javAbadArataMtranI mAgaNI aMge rAjya vahIvaTI sudhArA samitinI racanA karI, paNa maMDaLe ene bahiSkAra karyo ane eNe rAjyavyApI haDatALanuM elAna ApyuM. rAjya haDatALane mAga choDI devA ane samitine sahakAra ApavA jaNAvyuM. maMDaLa makkama rahyuM tethI

Page #164
dezI rAjya 139 AgevAnonI dharapakaDa AgalI sAMje karavAmAM AvI. rAjya 26-1-1939 nA jAheranAmAthI prajAmaMDaLane gerakAyadesara maMDaLa TharAvyuM ane caLavaLane kacaDI nAkhI, caLavaLamAM bhAga lenArAonI jamIna japta karI ane pakaDAyelA netAo upara trAsa gujArI likhita mAphI mAgavAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvI. be mAsa bAda sArI cAlacalagatanA baeNnDa ApI mAphI mAgIne teo chUTA. Ama A caLavaLane nAmozIbharyo aMta AvyuM. jUnAgaDha svataMtra thayuM tyAM sudhI eTale 1947 sudhI prajAmaMDaLa koI paNa pravRtti karI zakyuM nahi.43 pAlItANA lAThI vageremAM caLavaLa thaI hatI, paNa prajAne vizvAsamAM laIne, vahIvaTamAM sudhArA karIne samAdhAna karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. AjhAdI bAda mULI lakhatara cUDA bajANuM dhrAMgadhrA vageremAM lekee caLavaLa zarU karI hatI ane mULI lakhatara bajANuM cUDA vagere rAjyamAM emanI javAbadAra taMtranI mAgaNI svIkArAI hatI. rAjAoe samaya vatIne samAdhAnakArI vRtti saurASTramAM dAkhavI hatI, paNa vaDodarAnA mevAsI pradezamAM khAnagI lakara vagere UbhuM karIne lokalaData teDI nAkhavA prayAsa thaye hato, prajAe svayaMsevakadaLa UbhuM karI ene sAmane karIne tathA tAlukadAranI kheta pedAzanA vecANane bahiSkAra karIne emanI sAna ThekANe ANI hatI. bharUcanA sAgavArA vistAramAM nAnI ThakarAtamAM paNa AvI paristhiti 1945-47 nA vacagALAnA samayamAM UbhI thaI hatI, paNa muMbaI sarakAre jAgRti dAkhavI tathA briTiza amaladAre e samaya pArakhI A jAgIradArI tane namavAnI pharaja pADI hatI ane muMbaI sAthe gujarAtanAM bIjAM badhAM rAjyanuM jUna, 1948 mAM ane 1-5-49 thI vaDodarA rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa thatAM A badhI pravRttione aMta Avyo.44 saurASTramAM jAmasAheba, dhrAMgadhrAnA mahArAjA tathA bhAvanagaranA pragatizIla rAjavI kRSNakumAra siMhajInI dIrdha dRSTine kAraNe eprila, 1948 mAM saurASTranuM ekama racAyuM hatuM. kacchamAM prajAmaMDaLanI pravRtti maMda gatie cAlatI hatI. AjhAdInI pUrva saMdhyAe prajAnI mAgaNI svIkAravA rAjya valaNa dAkhavyuM hatuM ane bhArata sAthe joDANa sAdhI "sI" varganuM rAjya banatAM salAhakAra samiti maLI hatI. Ama AjhAdInI prApti sudhI dezI rAjyonI prajAne julmane sAmane kare paDyo hato ane emanA hakkonA rakSaNa mATe bhAre bhega Apa paDyo hato. rAjAoe samayane oLakhIne samAdhAna-vRttithI lehiyALa kAMti aTakAvI hatI ane emAM saradAranI makkama nItine tathA vI. pI. menana jevA kuzAgrabuddhinA adhikArInI dIrgha dRSTine paNa mahattvano phALe hate.

Page #165
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pAdaTIpa 1. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Rajkot, pp. 57 f. 2. The Ruling Princes, Chiefs and Leading Personages in the Western India States Agency, pp. 1 ff. 3. Census of India 1961, Vol. V, Gujarat, Part 1-A (i) pp. 90 ff. 8. zaletel H. 2018, 'aller Royal Cadizi,' y. 320-29 4. Hoyd, 4. 304-394 4. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Baroda, pp. 118 ff. 9. Ibid. pp. 120 f., 138; V. P. Menon, The story of the Integration of Indian States. p. 417 c. Gujarat District Gazetteer: Bhavnagar, pp. 81-85, 91-92; The Ruling Princes, Chiefs etc. in W.I.S.A. pp. 205; zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, "saurASTrane ItihAsa.' pR. 757-758 E. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Jamnagar, pp. 87 ff., 90; The Ruling Princes, Chiefs etc. in W.I.S A. pp. 39 f. 20. Ruling Princes, Chief's etc. in W.I.S.A, pp. 27 f. 11. "Gujarat District Gazetteer : Kutch, pp. 107 ff. rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa, "kacchanuM saMskRti darzana,' pR. 210-16 22. Gujarat District Gazetteer: Rajkot, pp. 61 f., The Ruling Princes. Chiefs etc in W. I. S. A, p. 48; H8'6 21270440, 71204 al zu fahal' 13. The Times of India Annual, 1934, pp. 63 f; Gujarat District Gazetteer : Rajkol, p. 61 18. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Jamnagar, p. 96; R. K. Dharaiya, Freedom Movements in Saurastra, 1920-47,' p. 10 94. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Rajkot, pp. 62 f. 94. Ibid., pp. 264, 273, Chapters on Agriculture, Trade, Industry. etc. 99. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Junagadh, pp. 168 f. Chapters on Agriculture, Communications, Industries, Education; The Ruling Princes, Chiefs etc. in W. I. S. A, pp. 140 f. 16. Gujarat Distric: Gazetteer : Junagadh, pp. 172 ff.; alaxis 8. Rais, Guys, 4. 989-988

Page #166
dezI rAjya 141 9. Gujarat District Gazetteer: Surendranagar, pp. 100 f. Chapters on Agriculture, Industry Communication, Education; 'The Ruling Princes, Chiefs etc. in W. I. S. A,' pp. 236 f. 20. Gujarat District Gazetteer; Surendranagar. p. 107; Chapters on Agriculture. Industry, Education. 22. Ibid., po. 110, 131 ff; Chapters on Agricultura, Education et.; The Ruling Princes, Chiefs etc. in W. I. S. A., p. 249 22. Gujarut District Gazetteer: Junagadh, pp. 191 455 f., 416 ff., 486 f.; maNibhAI vorA, porabaMdara 1970', pR. 22-26 25. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Banaskantha, pp. 109 ff ; Chapters on Agriculture and Education; The Ruling Princes, Chiefs etc. in W.I. S. A., pp. 168 f. 28. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Banaskantha, pp. 118 f. Chapters on Agriculture, Lend Revenue e.c; The Ruling Princes, Chiefs etc. in W. I. S. A, pp. 149 f. 24. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Bhavnagar, pp. 87 f.; The Ruling Princes, Chiefs etc in W. I. S. A. P. 213 24. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Bhavnagar. p. 90; The Ruling Princes, Chiefs eic in W. I S. A., p. 221 24. The Times of India Annual, 1934, pp. 65 f.; Gujarat District Gazetteer : Sabarkantha. pp. 65 f., 117 f, 162 ff; 10ra0 sudhInI mAhitI mATe vaLI juo zaMbhuprasAda ha. dezAI, uparyukta tathA pAlanapura DirekTarI, mahIkAMThA DirekaTarIrevAkAMThA DirekTarI, vesTarna InDiyA sTesa ejansInI DirekaTarI vagere graMtho. 1920 pachInA kALanI mAhitI mATe juo gujarAta DisTrikaTa gejheTiyaranA graMtha. 26. R. L. Handa, Freedom Struggle in Princely States, pp. 61 ff. 29. narahari parIkha, "saradAra vallabhabhAI', bhAga 2, 5 31-319; R.L. Handa, Ibid , pp. 99 ff 30. zaMbhuprasAda ha. dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 73ra-733 31. zivaprasAda rAjagora, "arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa," pR. 143-144 32. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Baroda, pp. 136 f.; narahari parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 2, pR. 399-407; Gujarat District Gazetteer : Amreli, pp. 79 f.;

Page #167
142 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI Gujarat District Gazetteer : Mehsana. pp. 134 f. 33. R. K. Dharaiya, Freedom Movements in Saurastra 1920-47, pp. 1-15; zaMbhuprasAda ha. dezAI, upayukta, pR. 73ra-736 Gujarat District Gazetteer : Surendranagar. pp. 123 f. 34. R K. Dharaiya, Ibid., pp. 8-39; narahari parIkha, uparyukta, bhAga 2, pR 328-399; R L. Handa. pp. cil . pp. 219 f; zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, "saurASTrane ItihAsa" pR. 73-38 35. R. K. Dharaiya, Ibid., p. 40; narahari parIkha, "saradAra vallabhabhAI," | bhAga 2, pR. 407-41 36. narahari parIkha, ejana, pR. 419-424 37. mahebUba desAI, "kara nI caLavaLamAM bhAvanagara,' "pathika," varSa 20, aMka 10, pR. 18-21 :(. Gujarat District Gazetteer : Surendranagar, pp. 135 l. 39. narahari parIkha, 'uparyukta', bhAga 2, pR. 3ra6-3ra9; caMdrakAMta paTela, "mANasA satyAgraha' pR. 12-13, 22-23, 34-35, 51-53. xo. Gujarat District Gazetteer: Sabarkiniha, pp. 158, 161 ff. 41. zivaprasAda rAjagora, uparyukta' pR. 274 75; R.K. Dh raiya Freedom Movenient in Suurastra 1920-47, pp. 8 f.; Gujarat District Gnzetteer: Banaskantha. pp. 149 f. 82. R. L. Handa op. cit., pp. 68 ff. 83. Gujarat District Gazettcer. Junagndh; pp 169 f. 44. zivaprasAda rAjagora, uparyukta' pR. 277; Gujarat District Gazetteer : Surendranagar pp. 139 7 vaLI juo, IMdulAla yAjJikanI AtmakathA, bhAga 5, narahari parIkha, saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela bhAga 2; zivaprasAdarAjagora, 'arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa , gujarAta rAjaya mAhitI khAtAnI rAjakoTa, lIMbaDI ane mANasA satyAgraha ane jUnAgaDha ArajhI hakUmata vagere aMgenI pustikAo; R. L. Handa, Freedom Str.ggle in Princely States"; V. P. Menon. The Stury of the Integration of Indian States.

Page #168
prakaraNa 5 rAjakIya itihAsa (1947 thI 1960) gujarAtanI rAjakIya tavArikhamAM, 1947 thI 1960 nA samaya aitihAsika' ane 'nirNAyaka' banIne AvyA hatA. A varSomAM ja sudhala ane pachI briTiza zAsananI cAlI AvatI parAdhInatAmAMthI bhArate rAjakIya svAdhInatA prApta karI ane enA eka bhAgarUpe gujarAte paNa muktinI khullI havAnA anubhava karyAM, paNa enI sAthe ja gujarAte khIjI e viSama paristhitinA sAmano karavAne hatA : eka tA, sa MkhyAbaMdha rajavADAMomAM vIkharAyelA pradezanA vilInIkaraNanI prakriyA jhaDapI ane prabhAvI banAvavAnI hatI ane khIjuM, mula ke briTiza zAsana daramyAna gujarAtanu' sAMskRtika ane prazAsanika ekama thavA pAmyu' nahAtu' tenuM nirmANa karavAnuM hatuM, jethI A prajAne potAnI asmitA vyakta karavAnI pUratI taka maLI rahe. A baMne kAma khUba kaThina hatAM, kemake je vilInIkaraNa mATe taiyAra thavAnuM hatu' temAM varSothI rAjyanA adhikAra bhAgavatAM nAnAM-moTAM rajavADAMone svataMtra hiMdanI sAthe bheLavavA koI paNa rIte samajAvavAM ane e pachI keMdrIya netAgIrIne gujarAtanuM eka rAjakIya ekama ApavA sahamata karAvavI--A kaparAM kAryone mATe sabaLa netRtvanI AvazyakatA hatI. sadbhAgye saradAra vallabhabhAI paTelanI lekhaDI pratibhA vilInIkaraNa mATe asarakAraka rIte kAma lAgI. svataMtratAnA leAhI ane hijaratathI chavAyelA mAga parathI e samagra kaccha-saurASTra-gujarAtanAM rAjyone vilayanA mAge" laI gayA ane emaNe ekIkaraNanuM aitihAsika kAya bajAvyuM. e pachI thoDAMka vaSa' teA kAmacalAu prazAsanika ane rAjakIya vyavasthA rahI, jemAM saurASTranu alaga rAjya, kacchamAM keMdranuM zAsana ane bAkInA gujarAtanA muMbaI rAjyamAM samAveza e pramANe vyavasthA hatI. dhIme dhIme prajAnI bhAvanAnuM poSaNa ane sa Mvardhana kare tevA 'gujarAta'nA ekamanI mAMga AkAra pAmatI gaI. ene mATe lAMbI laData ane sAmasAmA ugra abhiprAyAnA eka tabakko Avyo. tyAra pachI, chevaTe, 1960 mAM gujarAta rAjyanuM nirmANa thayuM.

Page #169
14 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI A samagra prakriyA kevI rIte thaI ene aMdAja ApatI ghaTanAonI tavArIkha ane enAM prabhAvI kAya kAraNonI tapAsanI carcA karIe : - 1947 nI paMdaramI ogasTe bhAratane "madharAte AjhAdI maLI tyAre bIjA pradezanI jema gujarAta paNa mAnasika rIte svAtaMtryane anubhava karatuM thayuM, paNa eka pradeza tarIkenI bhaugolika rAjakIya ane prazAsakIya oLakhANa ApI zakAya tevI koI sthiti nahotI. Ama te cheka selaMkIkAlathI gujarAta' nAma eka yA bIjI rIte pracalita hatuM kharuM. AbunI uttare Avele pradeza "gujaradeza" ke gujarabhUmi', navamI sadInuM "gujaratrA" ke "gujajarattA', mUlarAja ane bIjA gujarezanA zAsana heThaLa gujaramaMDala ane kramazaH AbunI uttarane badale dakSiNanA vistArane mATe prayojayeluM "gujaratrA-e badhAM nAmane aMte chevaTe gujarAta" nAmane, sAMskRtika lakSaNe abhivyakta kareta, piMDa baMdhAye.' paNa, bhAratanI svAtaMtryaprAptinA samaye gujarAta' nAma vizeSa sAthenuM koI prazAsanika ekama astitvamAM nahatuM. chellAM 80 varSothI briTiza rAjanIti gujarAtamAM dezI rAjyane kArabhAra calAvavA eka pachI eka pagalAM laI rahI hatI. muMbaInI ane hiMdanI sarakAre sekreTarI opha sTeTa phera inDiyA-InakAunsilanI saMmatithI dezI rAjyanA sAta vargonI temaja bAkInI sarahade ane sattA dharAvatI ejansIonI racanA karI hatI. "vaka-egrImenTa" heThaLa 1907 mAM racAyelI piliTiksa ejansIe te atyaMta gUMcavADAbharI paristhiti pedA karelI temAMthI thoDe sudhAre thayo hato ane A navI rAjyavyavasthAmAM gujarAta ane kAThiyAvADane samAna kAyadA ane enI samajadArI maLyAM hatAM. A daramyAna ja prazAsanika sevAo zarU thaI hatI. briTiza adhikArIone lAbha-geralAbha maLato thayuM hatuM. gAdIvArasAnI takarAre, bahAravaTAo ane ramakhANo daramyAna briTiza ejansI mahattvane bhAga bhajavavA lAgI hatI. dezI rAjyomAM svAtaMtrya pUrvenAM zeDAMka varSomAM javAbadAra rAjyataMtrane pravega paNa kaI koI sthaLe thaye hate. briTiza zAsana nIcenA jillA gujarAtamAM briTiza sarakAranA sIdhA zAsana nIce pAMca jillA hatA ? amadAvAda kheDA bharUca surata ane paMcamahAla ene kula vistAra dasa hajAra corasa mAIla hato ne enI kula vastI 40 lAkhanI hatI. ene vahIvaTa muMbaI ilAkAnA gavarnara nIce kalekaTaro karatA hatA. dezane AjhAdI maLatAM e ilAke muMbaI rAjyamAM pheravAya ne gujarAtamAMnA A pAMca jillA muMbaI rAjyanI aMtargata gaNAyA ane ene vahIvaTa muMbaI rAjyanI sarakAra kalekTara mAraphate saMbhALavA

Page #170
rAjakIya ItihAsa (I. sa. 1947-60) lAgI. tyAMnA mukhya maMtrI zrI. bI. jI. khera hatA ne emanA maMtrI-maMDaLamAM zrI. morArajIbhAI desAI, zrI. dinakararAya desAI vagere maMtrIono samAveza thatuM hatuM. 61,750 corasa mAIlamAM hakUmata bhogavatAM ane karoDathI vadhu mANasonI vastI dharAvatAM A dezI rajavADAM svataMtratAnA prabhAte bhAre dvidhAmAM hatAM. vAstavamAM te A badhAne briTiza sarvoparitA ane maherabAnI heThaLa ja jIvavAnuM rahyuM hatuM, kemake 1929 mAM baTalara samitie eka vAta spaSTa karI dIdhI hatI ke je sarvopari che te sattA te sarvopari ja rahevAnI che. A rIte 1947 mAM rAjakIya svataMtratAnI sAthe ja bhAratanI navI netAgIrInA hAthamAM briTiza zAsane A rajavADAMonA vilInIkaraNanI kaparI samasyA paNa dharI dIdhI. rajavADAMoe navI prajAkIya sarvoparitAne mAnya karavAnI A paLe je utpAta ane uga cAlyA teNe viziSTa paristhiti pedA karI. ekalA saurASTramAM, jene "kAThiyAvADa' kahevAmAM AvatuM hatuM tyAM, jApharAbAda sahita 14-"salAmI rAjya hatAM, 17 binasalAmI rAjya hatAM ane 191 judI judI sattA bhogavatAM jAgIre, tAlukAo jevAM nAnAM rAjya hatAM. AmAMnAM ghaNuMnI pAse jAhera vahIvaTa calAvavAnI koI vyavasthA nahatI, teo pitAnI rItarasama pramANe mahesulI vahIvaTa calAvatAM, hakUmatI sattA poliTiksa ejansInA adhikArI thANedAra pAse hatI. ardhahakUmatI jAgIro ane tAlukAone sAta prakAranA darajajAomAM vibhAjita karIne maryAdita sattA meMpavAmAM AvelI. revAkAMThA-mahIkAMThA-banAsakAMThAnI saurASTra bahAranI ejansIonI paNa evI ja sthiti hatI. Ama te A badhA "rAjAo hatA, paNa sAvabhaumatvathI vaMcita hatA. sAmAnya vahIvaTa AmAM svAbhAvika rIte ja muzkela hatuM. saurASTramAM te kaI TreIna dasa mAIla sudhInuM aMtara kApe eTalA gALAmAM bAreka rajavADAM AvI jatAM. A dRSTie nyAya mahesUla zikSaNa kAyado ane vyavasthA jevI bAbate ekasarakhI na hoya evuM banatuM. dezI rajavADA Ama bhAratIya svataMtratA pachInuM taratanuM kAThiyAvADa paNa rASTriya netAo mATe vilinIkaraNane eka moTo paDakAra hatuM. 202 jeTalAM nAnAM-moTAM rajavADAMonA vilaya mATe saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela ane emanA saciva vI.pI. menanane je prayatna karavA paDayA te ApaNuM rAjakIya tavArIkhanuM eka mahattvanuM prakaraNuM banI rahe ema che.

Page #171
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI - ' dilhImAM vacagALAnI sarakAra sthapAI tyArathI ja hilacAla zarU thaI gayelI. jAmasAheba kAThiyAvADanAM nAnAM-moTAM rajavADAMonuM eka jUtha bane e mATe prayatnazIla hatA, paNa prajAmaMDaLanA netAone e yAjanA bahu pasaMda paDI nahi. prajAmaMDaLanA netA zrI ucharaMgarAya Dhebare "jAma-jUthejanA' nAme jANItI darakhAstane virodha karyo, saradAra vallabhabhAI paTele paNa A janA paratve asaMmati darzAvI.4 * nANAkIya vyavasthA, dezI rAjyanAM badara jakAta relave pesTa TeligrAma vagerenuM ekIkaraNa, baMdhAraNIya gUMca ukela, evAM kAma mATe vI. pI. menana, kRSNamAcArI, dAMDekara ane benIgala narasiMharAvane saradAre kAThiyAvADanAM judAM judAM rajavADAMomAM mokalyA.. viramagAmanI lAinadorI, AyAta-nikAsanI avyavasthA ane asamAnatA, rilavenA prazna, kaccha ane bIje alaga calaNI nANune upayoga, rajavADAMonAM pitapatAnAM surakSAdaLa vagere evA gUMcavADAbharyA prazna hatA ke eno ukela lAvavAmAM samaya jAya ema hatuM. kAThiyAvADamAM jeTalAM rAjakIya TapakAM hatAM teTalAM bIjA koI pradezamAM nahotAM. bhAvanagara junAgaDha navAnagara dhrAMgadhrA porabaMdara morabI goMDaLa vAMkAnera pAlItANA dhoLa lIMbaDI rAjakoTa vaDhavANa ane jApharAbAda ema '14 "salAmI rA' hatAM. * svAtaMtrya ane sattAnA hastAMtara pachI briTiza zAsane te rajavADAMomAMthI poliTikala DipArTamenTa khaseDI lIdhuM hatuM tethI hiMdI sarakAre vahIvaTanI javAbadArI kAThiyAvADa pradezanA kamizanara tarIke nimAyelA zrI nIlama bUcane soMpI. dara myAna prajA paNa adhIrI thaI mULImAM lekae oNphise nyAyAlaya ane sarakArI makAne kabaje karyA. dhrAMgadhrAmAM kheDUtoe kRca kADhI. javAbadAra rAyata tranI prajAkIya mAMgane sau-prathama bhAvanagaranA mahArAjAe svIkArI. gAMdhIjI ane saradArane maLIne emaNe prajAmaMDaLanA vaDA zrI baLavaMtarAya mahetAne mukhya pradhAnanI javAbadArI soMpI. bhAvanagaranuM pradhAnamaMDaLa racAyuM. kramaza: bIjAM rajavADAM paNa vilaya mATe taiyAra thavA lAgyAM. jUnAgaDhanI samasyA ane ArajhI hakUmata ! | saraLa lAgatI A prakriyAmAM jUnAgaDha eka meTAM avarodhaka baLa tarIke bahAra AvyuM ane 14mI oNgasTa, 1947 nA divase jUnAgaDhanA navAbe pAkistAna sAthe joDAvAnI pitAnI IcchA jAhera karI ! eMsI TakA hiMdu prajA dharAvatuM

Page #172
rAjakIya ItihAsa (I. sa. 1947-60) 147 A rAjya pAkistAnamAM joDAya te akhaMDitatA para jokhama hatuM. prajAnA AgevAne ekatrita thayA. muMbaImAM jUnAgaDhavAsIonI beThaka thaI jUnAgaDhanA AgevAnoe paNa navAbanA nirNaya sAme virodha vyakta karyo. ' vI. pI. menana mANAvadaranA navAbane maLyA. mANAvadara eka se cerasa mAIlane nAne navAbI tAlukA hatuM. tyAMnA khAne paNa jUnAgaDhanA pagale pagale pAkistAna sAthe mANavadarane joDavAnI IcchA jAhera karI hatI. menananI salAha khAne mAnI nahi. mAMgaroLanA zekhe sTenDa sTilanA karAra para sahI karI ApI. daramyAna jUnAgaDhamAM bahumatI hiMdu prajA para trAsa zarU thayuM. leke - hijarata karavA lAgyA. jUnAgaDha tAbAnAM 51 gAma dharAvatA bAbariyAvADanA garAsadAroe khulle baLavo karIne hiMdI saMdhamAM joDAvAnI jAherAta karI ane vilayanA karArapatra para sahI karI ApI. 13 mI oNgasTa, 1947nA divase kepTana banesiMhe rAjakoTanA resiDenTane cArja saMbhALyuM. ejansInA trIjAthI pAMcamA varganAM tamAma rajavADAM ane ejansInAM bAra thANAM A rIte hiMdI saMdha taLe AvI gayAM, paNa jUnAgaDhane savAla e ne evo hate. eNe bAbariyAvADa kabaje karavA mATe pitAnuM daLa mokalyuM hatuM. hiMdI sarakAre A pagalAMne pitAnA paranA AkramaNa tarIke gayuM ane enI gaMbhIra neMdha lIdhI. naherune samajAvIne saradAre hiMdI saMdhanI lazkarI TukaDIo bAbariyAvADanA rakSaNa mATe mokalI ApI. A daramyAna prajAkIya laDatane paNa vega maLe, 25mI ogasTe rAjakoTamAM kAThiyAvADa rAjakIya pariSada' maLI temAM eka "saMrakSa samiti" niyukta karavAmAM AvI. 25 mI sapTembare muMbaImAM mAdhavabAga khAte maLelI saurASTravAsIonI sabhAmAM DhebarabhAI durlabhajI khetANI, nareMdra nathavANI, puSpAbahena mahetA, "janmabhUmi'nA taMtrI amRtalAla zeTha, baLatarAya mahetA, zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI vageree jUnAgaDhanImukti mATe hAkala karI. "ArajhI hakUmata" sthapAI ane enA "saranazIna zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI banyA. jUnAgaDhanI kAmacalAu sarakAranA mukhya pradhAna ane 'bIjA pradhAnanuM pradhAnamaMDaLa racAyuM. zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI ane bIjA netAo jUnAgaDha tarapha nIkaLavA ravAnA thayA. mahamadaalI jhINA ane muslima-lIganA netAo jUnAgaDha-bAMTavA vagere sthAnoe jaIne hiMdI saMgha-virodhI vyuharacanA 'goThavI AvyA hatA. rAjakoTamAM jUnAgaDha rAjyanI milakta samAna "jUnAgaDha hAusane kabajo 30 mI sapTembare ArajhI hakUmate lIdhe. yuvakene sazastra tAlIma apAI ribaMdaranI mera tema Ayara bAbariyA vagere laDAyaka keme "ArajhI

Page #173
148 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI hakamatamAM joDAI ane kutiyANA navAgaDha gAdhakaDA amarApara vagere mukhya gAme temaja bIje 36 sthAne para kabajo meLavyuM. kutiyANAmAM sAme cheDIka athaDAmaNa paNa thaI, paNa ekaMdare jhaDapathI jUnAgaDha mANAvadara ane saradAragaDhabAMTavA vageremAM hiMdI saMghamAM vilaya mATenuM vAtAvaraNa sarjAtuM thayuM. jUnAgaDha rAjyane polisa kamizanara nakkI pAkistAnanI lazkarI madada mATe karAMcI gayo te pAcho ja na pharyo. hiMdI saMghe 22mI okaTobara ane 1lI navembare mANAvadara mAMgaLa ane bAbariyAvADamAM brigeDiyara gurubakSasiMghanI AgevAnI heThaLa polIsa TukaDIo mokalI ApI eTale A sthAnoe seDhANuM-vaDALAnA je "saMdhIo trAsa vartAvI rahyA hatA te paNa kAbUmAM AvI gayA. takedArInA pagalA tarIke ribaMdaramAMgaroLanA samudrakinAre yuddhanaukAone paNa laMgarAvavAmAM AvI. vAtAvaraNa taMgadilIbharyuM hatuM ane kyAre zuM banaze enI kalpanAthI hiMdu prajA phaphaDatI hatI. jUnAgaDhanA navAba kabaranI 17 mIe karAMcI cAlyA gayA eTale pAchaLa vahIvaTa mATe dIvAna zAhanavAjhakhAna bhUta rahyA hatA. chevaTe eNe paNa kamizanara bucane patra lakhIne jaNAvyuM ke rAjyanI aMdaranAM ane bahAranAM aniSTa tathI prajAne bacAvI levA mATe, nirdoSa lekane raktapAta tathA jAnamAlanA jokhamathI ugAravA bhaviSyamAM prajAnI IcchA pramANe samAdhAna thAya tevI AzAthI jUnAgaDha rAjya kAunsila rAjyane havAle hiMdI saMghane soMpavA taiyAra che'. bhUtAe A patra sAthe 7-11-1947nA kAunsilanA aMgreja sabhya kepTana have jonsane rAjakoTa mokalyo. 9 mIe pharI vAra e rAjakoTa gaye. A vinaMtInI jANa leDa mAunTabeTanane paNa karavAmAM AvI ane keMgresa-netAone eka patra lakhavAmAM Avyo. karAMcIthI navAbe ApelI sUcanA pramANe Ama karavAmAM AvyuM. pAka. sarakAra tyAre cUpacApa ghaTanApravAha tapAsI rahI hatI. zrI bucane patra maLatAMveta emaNe vaDApradhAnane dilhI jANa karI. zrI vI. pI. menane saradAra paTelanI sAthe masalata karyA bAda joDANa-svIkArapatrane musaddo taiyAra karyo ane saurASTranA prAdezika kamizanara zrI nIlama bUcane hiMdI sarakAra vatI jUnAgaDha rAjyane vahIvaTa saMbhALI levA sUcanA ApavAmAM AvI. 9mI navembara sAMje pAMca vAgye jUnAgaDha-mukti jAhera karAI ane bhAratIya sainya A pradezamAM praveza karyo. e divase jyAre zrI bUca jUnAgaDha pahoMcyA tyAre dIvAna zAhanavAjhakhAna paNa karAMcI UpaDI gayA hatA. rAjya kAunsilanA sekreTarIe zrI. bUcane rAjyane

Page #174
rAjakIya itihAsa (I. sa. 1947-60) 149 vahIvaTa meM ane polIsa ane sainyanI TukaDIonAM zastro vagerene kabaje saMbhALI levA. pAkistAna sarakArane jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM ke rAjya-kAunsilanI IcchA ane mAgaNI mujaba jUnAgaDhane vilaya hiMdI saMdha sAthe karavAmAM Avyo che. AvI jAherAta pachI pAkistAne meM kholyuM. pAka-vaDApradhAna liyAkataalIkhAne 15 mI navembare hiMdI saMdhanA vaDApradhAna javAharalAla naherune patra lakhIne jUnAgaDha-vilayane virodha pradarzita karyo. eNe emAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke "jUnAgaDha rAjya pAkistAna sAthe yogya rIte dhoraNasara joDAyeluM hatuM tethI rAjyanA dIvAna ke navAbane hiMdI sarakAranI sAthe e aMge koI vicAra ke nirNaya levAne adhikAra rahetA nathI. uparAMta pAkistAnanI maMjUrI sivAya e rAjyanI hadamAM hiMdI saMghanuM lazkara mekalIne enA vahIvaTane kabaje levAmAM hiMdI sarakAre pAkistAnanA pradezanA sarahadI kAnUnane bhaMga karyo che, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa AMtararASTriya kAyadAne paNa bhaMga karyo che. pratyutaramAM zrI naherue jaNAvyuM : hiMdI sarakAre jUnAgaDha para koI AkramaNa karyuM nathI. jUnAgaDha rAjyanI kAunsila pAkistAna sarakAranI preraNAthI ja kAma karatI hatI ane kAunsilanA sabhyo sara bhUta ane kepTana hA* jensa vAraMvAra jUnAgaDha rAjya saMbaMdhe pAkistAna sarakArane saMparka rAkhatA hatA ane jUnAgaDhamAM zuM karavuM e aMge tamArI salAha levA mATe lAhera karAMcI jatA hatA. emaNe joyuM ke jUnAgaDhanuM rAjyataMtra sAva khoravAI gayuM che ane hiMdI sarakAra ene kabaje na le te taMtra paDI bhAge ema che, enI mAThI asara samagra saurASTra para thAya. bIjI bAju, ArajhI hakUmata AvA saMjogomAM rAjyane kabaje leta te saMbhava hato ke khUnAmarakI ane aMdhAdhUMdhI pratatI heta. A sthitimAM dIvAna sara zAhanavAjhakhAna bhUtAnI lAgaNIne hidI sarakAra inkAra kare to enuM pariNAma khataranAka Ave, jUnAgaDhanI hayAtI bhayamAM mukAya ane raktapAta temaja arAjakatA sarjAya. A paristhitine khyAla dIvAne navAbane ApyA hatA ane navAbanA sUcana pramANe dIvAna varyA hatA. hiMdI sarakAre jUnAgaDhanI kAmacalAu sarakArane mAnya nathI karI, paNa emAM je vyaktio che te prajAnI vizvAsapAtra che tethI rAjyanI prajAnI vinaMtIthI kAunsile je pagale prajAnA hitamAM bharyuM tenI vacce hiMdI sarakAra Ave ane prajAnI mAgaNIne inakAra kare e ucita naheAtuM".

Page #175
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vI. pI. menana ane bIjA rAjakIya nirIkSakAnI mAnyatA evI hatI ke jUnAgaDhanA prazne hiMdI, saMdhane bhIMsamAM laI pAkistAna kAzmIra praznane potAnI tarapheNamAM laI javA mAgatuM hatuM. 150 13 mI navembara, 1947 nA divase saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela jUnAgaDha AvyA. ArajhI hakUmatanuM kAya" pUruM thayuM hoI pratIkarUpe talavAra zAmaLadAsa gAMdhIe saradArane a`Na karI. bahAuddIna kaoNlejanA paTAMgaNamAM janamedanIne sakheAdhatAM raktapAta vinA vijaya meLavavA' mATe prajAne abhinaMdana ApyAM.10 A sabhAmAM paNa saradAre prajAne prazna karyAM : tame hiMdu sAthe joDAze ke pAkistAnanI sAthe ?? javAbamAM 'hi MdanI sAthe' zabdo dvArA prajAe sa Mmati ApI. tyArabAda saradAre kahyu ke 'jUnAgaDhanI prajAnA abhiprAya paNa ApaNe vidhisara matadAna-paddhatithI laIzu.'1' e ja divase saradAra verAvaLa gayA ane prabhAsa pATaNamAM sAmanAtha mahAdevanA maMdirane punaruddhAra karAvavAnI ghoSaNA karI. phebruArI, 1948 mAM jUnAgaDha rAjye pAkistAnanI sAthe javuM ke hiMdI saMdhamAM bhaLavuM ene lokamata levAyo. gupta matadAna dvArA levAyelA A lA- abhiprAyamAM vizALa bahumatI (1,90,870 mata) bhArata sAthenA vilayanI tarapheNamAM rahI ane mAtra 90 mata pAkistAna sAthenA vilayane mATe paDayA. prajAnI bahu matIe ApI dIdhelA cukAdA pachI paNa pAkistAne vAraMvAra A prazna vyUharacanAnA eka bhAgarUpe uThAvavAnA cAlu rAkhyA. pAkistAna sarakAre yune-sattAvALAo samakSa rajUAta karI, jUnAgaDhanA navAbanA hoddo cAlu rAkhyA . ane je TapAla-TikiTo chApI temAM 'vivAdAspada pradezA'nI noMdhamAM kAzmIranI sAthe jUnAgaDha ane mANAvadarane paNa nirdeza karyAM. paraMtu ItihAsa sa MskRti ane bhaugolika-tamAma prakAre 'saravA sAraDha' nAme jANItA jUnAgaDha--vistAra gujarAtanA ja eka avicchinna bhAga che e tathyanI avahelanA thaI zakI nahi. saurASTranAM rAjyAnu ekIkaraNa jUnAgaDhanI samasyAne rAjakIya ukela AvavAthI vikSeAbhanu vAtAvaraNa thADuMka haLavuM thayuM, paNa haju vilInIkaraNanI lAMkhI prakriyA bAkI ja hatI. kAThiyAvADanA rAjakIya netAonI sAthe saradAra paTele carcA karI tyAre eka vikalpa

Page #176
rAjakIya itihAsa (I. sa. 1947-60) 151 e sUcavavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke jUnAM rajavADAMonI joDANa-janAne punajIvita karavI ane kAThiyAvADanI 50 TakAthI vadhu vastI dharAvatAM rAjyo jevAM ke junAgaDha bhAvanagara navAnagara vagere)mAM nAnAM rajavADAM jAgIro ane tAlukA bheLavI devAM. bIjI darakhAsta pramANe adhahakUmatavALAM ane binahakUmatavALAM - rA -jAgIre-thANuone muMbaI pradeza sAthe joDI devAnI vyavasthA karI zakAya ema hatuM, paNa A baMne yojanAothI samasyAne AMzika ukela ja Ave ema hatuM eTale kAThiyAvADanAM tamAma ekamenuM joDANa karIne eka saMyukta rAjya racavAno nirNaya levAmAM AvyuM. saurASTranI rAjakIya caLavaLamAM mahattvane bhAga bhajavanArA netAoe saradAra paTela ane vI. pI. menana sAthe maMtraNAo karI. bhAvanagara ane jAmanagaranA rAjavIoe navA saurASTra rAjyanI janAne samarthana ApyuM. saradAra paTele bIjAM rajavADAMone apIla karI ane ekIkaraNanI yojanA taiyAra karavAmAM AvI. 15 mI jAnyuArI, 1948 nA divase bhAvanagaramAM javAbadAra sarakArane AraMbha thayo 12 rAjakoTamAM saradAra vallabhabhAI paTelanI sabhA thaI temAM emaNe kahyuM ke khAbociyAmAM rahevAmAM sAra nathI, sarovara banavuM joIze.13 1948 nA jAnyuArInA aMta sudhImAM te saMpUrNa yojanA taiyAra thaI gaI hatI. badhAM rajavADAo sAthe lAMbI vATAghATo cAlI ane rAjavIoe "saMyukta saurASTra rAjyaracanAnA karAra para hastAkSara karyA. 1948 nI 15 mI phebruArIe saradAra paTelanA haste navA saurASTra rAjyane AraMbha thayo e ghaTanAne javAharalAla naherue "samakAlIna itihAsanuM sauthI vizeSa seMdhapAtra ekIkaraNuM gaNAvI. saurASTranuM baMdhAraNa ghaDavA baMdhAraNa sabhAne cUMTavAmAM AvI ane e ja gALAmAM lemata laIne jUnAgaDha mAMgaroLa mANAvadara bAbariyAvADa bAMTavA ane saradAragaDhane saurASTranA bhAga tarIke samAviSTa karAyAM. Ama 23,276 cerasa mAilamAM 41.57 lAkhanI vastI dharAvatuM "saurASTra rAjya astitvamAM AvyuM. enA. hAlAra soraTha gohilavADa jhAlAvADa ane madhya saurASTra evA pAMca jillA karAyA. enA prathama paMtapradhAna zrI ucharaMgarAya Dhebara banyA. 1956 bAda saurASTrane muMbaI rAjya sAthe bheLavI devAmAM AvyuM. kacchanI samasyA - rAjabhASA ane saMskRtinI daSTie kaccha gujarAtano ja bhAga hato. kaccha prajAmaMDaLanA netAonI sakriyatA pachI ene vilaya saurASTranI sAthe karavAnI eka darakhAsta AvI hatI, paNa bhArata-vibhAjanane lIdhe karacha pAkistAnanI

Page #177
15ra AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sAthe sImA dharAvatuM sarahadI rAjya banyuM hatuM. saradAra vallabhabhAI paTele te jUnAgaDha-mukti pachInI bahAuddIna kolejanA prAMgaNamAM thayelI sabhAmAM lokone sAvadha karyA hatA ke "pAkistAna game tyAre kacchanI sarahadethI AkramaNa karI zake ema che." (1965 nA yuddhamAM e bhaviSyavANI sAcI paDI.) AvI paristhitimAM karachane saurASTranI sAthe joDI devAne badale kendranA zAsana heThaLa rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. joDANakhata para kacchanA mahArAve 1948 nI 4 thI menA divase sahI karI. 1948 nA jUnanI pahelI tArIkhe cIpha kamizanare ene vahIvaTa saMbhALI lIdhe ane 1956 mAM e muMbaI rAjyane eka bhAga banyuM. Ama kacchanuM vilInIkaraNa thayuM. taLa-gujarAtanI ejansIo taLa-gujarAtamAM dezI rAjyanI je ejansIo hatI teonA vilInIkaraNane prazna ekaMdare saraLa hate. revAkAMThA banAsakAMThA ane mahIkAMThAnI ejansIone vahIvaTa muMbaI rAjyane saMpA. jAgIra ane tAlukAonAM joDANanI mAgaNIne TharAva mahIkAMThA prajAsaMghe 1948 nA jAnyuArImAM karyo. gujarAta rAjyanA rAjavIo ane rAjyonA lekanetAo sAthenI laMbANa carcAonA aMte e rAjAo vatI rAjapIpaLAnA mahArAjAe paNa muMbaI rAjya sAthenA joDANane anumodana ApyuM. joDANanA dastAveja para rAjAonI sahIo thayA pachI, 10 mI juna, 1948 nA roja muMbaI rAjya sarakAre A rAjyone vahIvaTa saMbhALI lIdhe. A joDANe 16,000 co. mAIlanA ane 26 lAkha uparAMtanI vastIvALA vistArane AvarI lIdhA. muMbaI rAjyamAM have banAsakAMThA ane sAbarakAMThA jevA navA jillA thayA ne bharUca ane surata jevA jillA vistRta thayA. gujarAtanAM bIjAM keTalAMka nAnAM-moTAM rajavADAMomAM je leDita thaI te paNa vilInIkaraNanI prakriyAmAM madadarUpa thaI hatI. mahIkAMThA ane mevAsI pradezamAM svataMtratA pachI ThAkora rAjavIoe ApakhudazAhI cAlu rAkhI hatI. IDaranA rAjAe mehanapura kabaje karavA neTisa melI hatI. kalela tAlukAnA khAkhariyA TapAnA tathA mahIkAMThA kheDA vaDodarA ane paMcamahAlanA mevAsI vistAromAM kheDUta-hita bhayamAM mukAyAM. mAMDavA kaMtharapurA vAsaNuM vIrapura variyA cAda jevAM nAnAM rAjyonA Apakhuda zAsananI sAme lokoe baLavo karyo ane nAkara laData calAvI. 16,000 nAgarikenuM laDAyaka daLa UbhuM thayuM. saMkheDAmevAsamAM paNa laData camAraMbhAI. surata jillAnuM dharapura ane devagaDha bAriyA

Page #178
rAjakIya itihAsa (I. sa. 194-60) 153 tathA rAjapIpaLAmAM leklaData zarU thaI. chevaTe A tAlukadArI pradeza muMbaI rAjaya sAthe joDI devAyA. taLa-gujarAtamAM 16 hakUmatI ane 127 adha hakUmatI rAjaya hatAM. A rAjya lagabhaga doDha karoDanI mahesUlI Avaka dharAvatAM hatAM. kula 27,000 corasa kilomITaranA ane 26,24,000 nAgarika dharAvatA A vistAranA vilInIkaraNane A tabakko gujarAtanA ekIkaraNane eka nirNAyaka avasara hate. vaDedarAne vilaya AmAM vaDodarAne vilaya thoDe vadhAre muzkela rahyo. vaDodarAnA mahArAjA pratApasiMharAva gAyakavADe pitAnA dIvAna sara bI. ela. mitranI salAha pramANe vilayanI maMjUrI ApatA khatapatra para hastAkSara karI ApyA pachI jayAre jUnAgaDhanA navAbe pAkistAna sAthe pitAnA rAjyane joDAyeluM jAhera karyuM tyAre pratApasiMha gAyakavADe saradAra paTelane 2 jI sapTembara, 1947 nA roja patra lakhyuM ane eka janA prastuta karI te pramANe...14 "saurASTra sahitanAM badhAM rAjyamAM zAMti-salAmatI jaLavAya enI javAbadArI vaDodarA rAjyane soMpavAmAM Ave te mane maMjUra che. amArI zarate ATalI che? (1) mahIkAMThA sAbarakAMThA revAkAMThA pAlanapura tathA pazcima hiMdanAM rAjya ane gujarAtanA rAjya para hiMdI sarakAra je je hakUmata bhogave che te badhI vaDodarAne seM. (2) kadAca bhaviSya asAdhAraNa sajege UbhA thAya te hiMdI sarakAra sainyanI madada kare. (3) gujarAta ane kAThiyAvADa para vaDodarAnI sarvoparitA svIkArAyA ane evA arthamAM vaDedarA mahArAjA samasta gujarAtanA mahArAjA tarIke gaNAya. (4) vaDodarA rAjya hiMdI sarakAranuM kAyamI vaphAdAra mitra rAjya rahe ane dezavidezanA saMbaMdha tathA surakSA temaja AMtarika vyavahAramAM pitAnI pharaja bajAvaze. e hiMdI sarakAranA eka bhAga tarIke astitvamAM raheze. saradAra paTele A patrane kaDaka pratyuttara ApIne rAjAne cetavyA ke A yojanAne amala karavA jaze te pastAvAne vakhata Avaze. daramyAna vaDodarAmAM prajAmaMDaLanA pramukha darabAra gopALadAsa desAI ane bIjA pratinidhi ekatra thayA. pratinidhi-sabhAnuM baMdhAraNa ghaDAyu. eprila, 1948 mAM pradhAnamaMDaLanI racanA thaI. vaDedarAnA mahArAjAe saradAra samakSa pradhAnamaMDaLanA vartAva badala duHkha vyakta karyuM. saradAranA pratyuttara pachI mukhya pradhAna tarIke Do. jIvarAja mahetA nimAyA, paNa bIjAM nAma nakkI karyA vinA ja mahArAjA yurepa

Page #179
154 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ca lyA gayA. rAjyanI tijorI taLiyAjhATaka hatI. DaoN. mahetAe dhArAsabhA melAvI. 58 mAMthI 51 sabhya hAjara hatA temaNe e prastAva pasAra karIne mahArAjAmAM janatAne a-vizvAsa jAhera karyAM ane rAjyanI tijorImAMthI ucApata thayelA sADA traNa karoDa rUpiyA aMge tapAsa karavA hiMdI sarakArane jaNAvyu'. yurapamAM mahArAjAne khabara paDatAM e bhArata pAchA pharyAM ane saradArane maLIne vaDodarAmAM saMpUNa vahIvaTa prajAne soMpI devAnI tatparatA vyakta karI, paNa matabheda tIvra hatA. chevaTe vI. pI. menane mahArAjA sAthe ekathI vadhu vAra ma traNAo karI ane Akhare 31 mI jAnyuArI, 1949 nA divase sara pratApasiM huM emanA rAjyanA muMbaI sAthenA joDANa aMgenA niya jAhera karyAM. 21 mI mArca, 1949 nA joDANakarAra para sahI thaI ane 1 lI me, 1949 nA divase muMbaI sarakAre rAjyanA vahIvaTa sabhALI lIdhe 15 DAMganA prazna DAMga ane Akhu gujarAtane mATe mAtra sarahadI pradeza ja naheAtA, tyAM gujarAtI bhASA ane rItarivAjonI paNa mAlabAlA hatI. DAMga-pradezamAM AjhAdI pUrve` 14 'rAjA'enu zAsana hatuM. 650 co. mA. vistAramAM phelAyelI 50,000 nI vanavAsI-girivAsI vastIne vahIvaTa AhavAnA DepyuTI poliTikala ejanTa karatA hatA. 19 mI jAnyuArI, 1948 nA divase A pradezane mu MbaI sAthe joDI devAyA. DAMga marAThIbhASI hovAnA rAjakIya stare levAyela ni*ya gujarAtanA netAone AMcako ApI gayA ane sa`zeAdhananA AdhAre pramANita karavAmAM AvyuM ke DAMgI khelI gujarAtInI eka upakhAlI che. chevaTe ene nAzikathI alaga jillA banAvavAmAM Avya! ane svata Mtra rIte kalekaTaranuM prazAsana geAThavavA mAM AvyuM. gujarAta rAjyanI racanA thaI tyAre DAMgane gujarAtamAM samAveza karavAmAM AvyA, paNa enAM nAzika jillAnA bAra sarahadI gAma mahArASTrane maLyAM. khAnadezanA sarahadI vistAranAM 156 gAma tema umaragAma tAlukAnA thoDo bhAga paNa gujarAtane maLyA. AbunA prazna A ja rIte Akhu paNa ghaNe aMze gujarAtanI sAthe anubaMdha dharAvatA pradeza hatA. vAMsavADa! DuMgarapura jhAbuA alIrAjapura rAjyeAtI gujarAtIbhASI prajA prucchatI hatI ke emanuM joDANa gujarAtanI sAthe thAya. ANu delavADA tahe sIlanA

Page #180
rAjakIya itihAsa (i. sa. 1947-60) 155 bhAga muMbaI sAthe joDI ene banAsakAMThA heThaLa AvarI levAyA ane Abu 31 mI AkaTobara, 1956 nA roja rAjasthAnanA bhAga tarIke jAhera karAyuM. hijaratanI samasyA svataMtratAnI prAptinA divasa Ana Mda ane akaLAmaNuthI chavAyelA hatA. vilInIkaraNanI kaSTamaya prakriyAnI sAtheAsAtha vibhAjane sarjelI eka moTI samasyApUrva pazcima pAkistAnamAMthI thayelI hijarata-ne paDakAra paNa uThAvavAnA hatA. saurASTramAM mukhyatve pazcima pAkistAnanA siMdhI nAgarikoe sthaLAMtara karyuM enI sAtheAsAtha si MdhamAM varSothI vaselA gujarAtIonI be lAkhanI vastIe paNa pAkistAnathI ucALA bharyA. 1,16,173 siMdhIe ane e lAkha sidhavAsI gujarAtI tyAMthI dharabAra ane vyavasAya choDI gujarAtamAM AvIne vasyA hatA. bIjI tarapha gujarAtamAMthI pAkistAna cAlyA gayelAomAM mANAvadara kutiyANA khAMTavA mAMgarALa dhorAjI jetapura upaleTA amarelInA memaNu khAjA verA vagere muslimonA samAveza thatA hatA. pAkistAnathI AvelA siMdhI bhAIonA puna vasavATa mATe kutiyANA khAMTavA mANAvadara vagere sthAne pasaMda karavAmAM AvyAM. e ja rIte kacchamAM gAMvIdhAma Adipura vageremAM vasAhatA UbhI thaI. amadAvAdamAM saradAranagara vasyuM. siMdhI nAgarikoe si Mdhane visArIne gujarAtane potAnAM janmasthAna ane ma`sthAna mAnI lIdhAM e bhAratanI ekAtmatAmAMthI sarjAyelI sa MskRtinuM ja pariNAma hatuM. gujarAtanA itihAsamAM agAu pArasIo AvI rIte eka thaI te bhaLI gayA hatA. si'dhI teA A dezanA ja saMtAna hatA, emaNe paNa jaladIthI bhAvAtmaka anukUlana sAdhI lIdhuM. dIva ane damaNu briTiza hakUmata uparAMta, gujarAta-kaiAMkanA sAgarakAMThe traN sthAne dIva damaNu ane govAmAM poTu gIjha zAsana dhaNAM varSothI TakI rahyuM hatuM. svataMtratA pachI paNa A rAjyonA prazna lAMbA samaya sudhI parezAna karatA rahyo hato. AmAMnAM dIva ane damaNa gujarAtanI sAgarapaTTI para AvelAM che. poTugIjha zAsakonI dalIla evI hatI ke 400 varSa pUrve briTizaro sAthenA karAra pramANe amArA zAsananA adhikAra che, paNa jyAM briTizaroe ja.bhAratamAMthI ucALA bharyAM hatA tyAM e karAranuM astitva kayAMthI rahe ? dIva ane damaNu e baMne sa MsthAnAmAM gujarAtIenI vastI moTA pramANamAM hatI teNe zAsananI sAme laData mAMDI, muktiphoja racAI ane 1954 mAM dAdarA nagarahavelI para muktisenAe humalo karyAM. damaNu

Page #181
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pAsenA selavAsa tarapha javuM hoya te phiraMgI senAe bhAratIya sAmudrika sarahada pasAra karavI paDe. bhArata sarakAre ema karavA devA mApha InakAra karyo. phiraMgI zAsane bhArata viruddha hega-adAlatamAM phariyAda paNa karI. damaNa para IzvaralAla desAIne netRtva heThaLa prajAe kUca karI tenA para phiraMgI sainikoe goLIo calAvI ane seMkaDonI dharapakaDa karIne gAvAnI jelamAM dhakelI dIdhA. gevA-mukti AMdolana paNa prabhAvazALI rIte cAlyuM hatuM. chevaTe 1954 thI cAlelI laDatanuM sukhada pariNAma, 1961 mAM bhAratIya sainya dIva-damaNa-govAne kabaje lIdhe tyAre ja, AvyuM. dIva 18mI Disembara, 1961 nA roja zaraNe AvyuM. dIva damaNa gavAne gujarAta ke mahArASTranI sAthe zAsakIya dRSTie vilIna karavAne badale kendrazAsita rAkhavAmAM AvyAM che, paNa emAMnAM dIva ane damaNamAM gujarAtIpaNAnI spaSTa chApa che. rAjakIya prazAsananI samasyA vilInIkaraNa pachInI samasyA rAjakIya prazAsananI hatI. saMsadIya lekazAhInA Adazane svataMtra bhArate svIkAra karyo hato eTale rAjya sarakAranuM astitva anivArya hatuM. gujarAtanA eka prAdezika ekamane AvI vidhAnasabhA ane sarakAra ApI zakAI hota, paNa bhASAvAra prAMtacanA karavI ke kema e savAlane gaMbhIratAthI vicAra ja nahate the. gAMdhIjInI hatyA, vibhAjana ane komI ramakhANa, hijarata vagere samasyAothI gherAyelA kendrIya netRtvane rAjya-racanA vize vicAravA bahu samaya nahe maLe eTale e gALA daramyAna saurASTranuM "a" varganuM alaga rAjya sthapAyuM, enI vidhAnasabhA banAvavAmAM AvI. pahelI cUMTaNImAM prajAe koMgresane sattA saMpI ane Dhebara-pradhAnamaMDaLa racAyuM. kacchane kendrazAsita vistAra banAvyuM ane bAkInA gujarAtane muMbaI vidhAnasabhAmAM pratinidhitva maLyuM. prAdezika punarracanAno prazna te samaya jatAM AvI viSama ane paDakArayukta paristhiti thALe paDI tyAre svataMtra bhAratanAM rAjyanI zAsakIya dRSTie kevI racanA thavI joIe ene vicAra zarU thayuM. 1928 mAM koMgrese niyukta karelA metIlAla naheru paMce kyAranuM jaNAvI dIdhuM hatuM ke Aja sudhI briTizaroe je rIte prAdezika racanAo karI che te kaI rIte tarkasaMgata nathI, enA para punarvicAraNA karavI ja rahI.16

Page #182
rAjakIya itihAsa (I. sa. 1947-60) paNa prAdezika punarracanAne AdhAra zuM hoI zake bhaugolika ke rAjakIya anukULatA ke bhASAvAra prAMtaracanA ? A eka rAjakIya ane bhAvAtmaka vikaTa prazna hatuM. 1920 mAM bhAratIya rASTriya kogrese bhASAvAra prAMtaracanAne TharAva pahelI vAra pasAra karyo tyAre paNa enA vize vivAda te hato ja. 1928 mAM motIlAla naheru samitie prAdezika punararacanAne ahevAla Ape. 1948 mAM jyAre saurASTranAM rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa thayuM tyAre saradAra paTele saMketa Apyo hato ke saurASTra gujarAta kaccha maLIne eka gujarAta rAjya" thaI zake 17 kanaiyAlAla munazIe sAMskRtika gujarAtanI kalpanA itihAsanA AdhAre-karIne gujarAtanI asmitA' zabda ane bhAvanAne vyakta karyA dAra kamizana - 1948 mAM "ghara kamizana" nimAyuM tenI samakSa evI paNa rajUAta thaI ke atyAre rAjakIya paristhiti vibhAjana ane AjhAdInA nirNAyaka prabhAva heThaLanI che eTale AvatAM dasa varSa sudhI bhASAvAra prAMtaracanAnI vAta ukheLavI na joIe, kemake ema karavAthI bIjI samasyAo UbhI thaze. | dAra kamizane (jUna, 1948) sApha sApha jaNAvyuM ke bhASAvAra prAMtaracanA ucita nahi gaNAya. jAnyu, 1949 mAM racAyelI je. vI. pI. (javAharalAla- vallabhabhAI-paTTAbhI sItArAmaiyA) samitie paNa lagabhaga AvuM ja maMtavya ApyuM ane 1953 mAM racAyelA phajhalaalI paMca samakSa gujarAta prAMtika koMgresa samitie (1954, jAnyuArI) eka TharAva karyo ke bhASAkIya prAMtaracanA pArAvAranI rASTriya ekatA samakSanI musIbate pedA karaze. 4 thI eprila, 1954 nA divase koMgresanI rASTriya kAryasamiti navI dilhImAM maLI. ghaNAMnA manamAM gaDamathala hatI, paNa virAdhane prabaLa svara vyakta karavA sudhInI taiyArI nahotI. chevaTe nakkI eTaluM thayuM ke rAjyapunarracanA paMca pAse prAdezika koMgresa ekama pitAnuM dRSTibiMdu jarUra vyakta karI zakaze, paNa virodha pakSa sAthe A prazna ekatra thaIne koI kAryakrama ApavAnuM ke vidhAnasabhAmAM TharAva lAvavAnuM maMjUra nahi rakhAyuM. javAharalAla naherue 26 mI me, 1954 nA roja koMgresa adhyakSanI hesiyatathI badhAM ekamone patra lakhIne jaNAvyuM ke alagatA pedA kare tevAM jokhamo pratye sAvadha rahevuM 18 gujarAta koMgrese Adezane pALI batAvyuM. leklAgaNI dvibhASInI viruddhamAM hatI, paNa koMgrese alaga rahIne ja paMca samakSa rajUAta karI. A rajUAta

Page #183
''158 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI evI hatI ke paMce vigatemAM UtaravAne badale siddhAMtamAM UtaravuM joIe, atyAranuM muMbaI rAjya ja yogya che ane e cAlu rahe e ucita che, paNa jo vibhAjana nakkI karavAmAM Ave te gujarAta ane mahArASTra ema be rAjya thavAM joIe sarahada vistAranAM keTalAMka sthAna gujarAtamAM kema hoI zake enI dalIla paNa prastuta karAI - A Avedanane eka aMza e paNa hatuM ke gujarAta rAjya racAya te emAM AgaLa "mahA" bRhadu' ke 'vizALa jevA zabdonI jarUrata nathI, AvA zabda anirachanIya manodazA pedA karaze.' 10 mI jAnyuArI, 1955 nA rAjyapunarracanA paMcane ahevAla jAhera thaye temAM sUcavyA pramANe" (1) muMbaI rAjayamAMthI karNATakane bhAga mAtra kADhI nAkhIne marAThAvADa saurASTra ane kacchanA vistAra bheLavIne muMbaI rAjyanI racanA karavI ane (2) vidarbhanuM alaga rAjya racavuM. A be mukhya bAbata hatI. gujarAtamAM A ahevAlanI tIvra pratikriyA thAya e svAbhAvika hatuM. rAjyapunarracanAnA AdhAra zA hatA e samajavAnI jarUriyAtane khyAla rAkhyA vinA ja A nirNaya levAyo hoya evuM lokone lAgyuM. koMgresanuM zAsana keMdramAM ane rAjyamAM haju virodhI paDakAranI asara heThaLa nahotuM eTale "anuzAsana'nA nAme calAvI levAze evI mAnyatA keMdramAM pravartatI hatI. evAmAM 13-14mIe maLelI rASTriya kArobArIe tethI ja evo TharAva karyo ke hamaNAM koMgresIjane keI AMdolanAtmaka valaNa apanAve nahi. paNa mahArASTra pradeza kegresa samitie prathama vidha dhAvI dIdho. vaDA pradhAne badhAne haiyAdhAraNa ApI ke ApaNe salAhasUcana lIdhA pachI ja ahevAlane anusarIzuM. mahArASTra ke grese pitAnA avAjane sabaLa banAvavA dvibhASI virodhI saMdhanAM paribaLone sahaga lIdhe. - gujarAta keMgrese 25mI okTobara, 1955 nA divase mahemadAvAdamAM sabhA belAvI. abhiprAyomAM tIvratA hatI. chevaTe eka TharAva pasAra karAve temAM jaNAvAyuM ke mahArASTra pradeza samitie enA chellA TharAvamAM pitAnI bahumatIne vadhu prabaLa banAvavA mATe sUcita muMbaI rAjyamAM vidarbhane mUkavAnI mAgaNI karI che ane vadhArAmAM muMbaI zahera sahitanuM mahArASTra rAjya ApoApa banI

Page #184
rAjakIya ItihAsa (I. sa. 1947-4) 159 jAya e mATe pAMca varSa pachI A rAjyamAMthI gujarAte khasI javAnI chUTa rAkhavAnuM sUcavavAmAM AvyuM che. paMcanI bhalAmaNane svIkAravA mahArASTranA AgevAne taiyAra hoya te A samiti A nAjuka praznanA kAyamI ukela tarIke svIkAravA taiyAra hatI ane che, paNa mahArASTranA AgevAne A bhalAmaNane asvIkAra karatA hoya te gu. pra. ke. sa. e abhiprAya dharAve che ke saunA hitamAM muMbaI rAjyanI jagyAe mahArASTra-muMbaI-gujarAta ema traNa rAjya racavAmAM Ave. 21 kArobArI samitie traNa rAjyanI mAgaNIne spaSTa karate TharAva paNa karyo. daramyAna mahArASTramAM virodha hiMsaka banyA. 11-12 mI phebruArIe amRtasaramAM maLelA koMgresa adhivezane "rASTrane hAla" karI ke "rAjyapunarracanAnA savAla para ApaNe lezAhI ane pragatine niSedha na thAya ane saMkucita prAMtavAda tarapha daravAI na javAya evI apIla karIe chIe." keMgresa kArobArI samitie lIdhelA nirNayanA anusaMdhAne rAjyapunararacanAne kharaDo taiyAra thaye ane lokasabhAmAM rajU thaze. pahelA vAcana daramyAna sarvazrI esa. ke. pATila, azeka mahetA, tulasIdAsa kIlAcaMda vageree sUcavyuM ke paMcanI muMbaI rAjya-syanA vize pheravicAra kare joIe. 22 232 saMsadasabhyoe eka Avedanapatra taiyAra karyuM temAM jaNAvAyuM ke muMbaInuM gujarAtI-marAThI bhASAnA vistAranuM saMyukta rAjya racavuM.' keMgresanI AMtarika ekatA kasoTIe caDI. vaDApradhAnane ATalI moTI saMkhyAmAM sAMsadoe kahyuM e vize vicAravuM paDe ema hatuM. lokasabhAmAM A mAgaNI para mata levAya te ene vyApaka samarthana maLe ema hatuM eTale pharI kArobArI maLI, paNa vikalpane rasto sAMkaDo hate. gujarAta keMgrese variSThone jaNAvI dIdhuM hatuM ke lelAgaNe ApaNI tarapheNamAM nathI." paNa traNa rAjyanA nirNayamAM pheraphAra thayo ane pribhArI racanAne svIkAra thayA. prajAnI evI mAnyatA hatI ke gujarAtanuM alaga rAjya thaze, paNa ema thavAne badale dvibhAjI maLyuM. 8 mI ogasTe amadAvAdanA yuvake bhadramAM AvelA keMgresa-bhavana samakSa jaI pahoMcyA ane kahyuM ke have ApaNe zuM karavuM joIe enuM mArgadarzana Apa."23 rAjakIya netRtva pite ja jyAM didhAgrasta hoya tyAM mArgadarzana zuM ApI zake ? vAtAvaraNa taMga banyuM ane vidyAthIo para goLIo TI. ; mahAgujarAta-AMdalananI Ama bhUmikA AThamI ogasTa nI ghaTanAoe bAMdhI ApI che

Page #185
160 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mahAgujarAtanI laData 1947 pachInuM leka-lAgaNI para AdhArita sauthI vyApaka AMdolana mahAgujarAta aMgenuM hatuM, paNa gujarAta rAjya mATenI mahattvAkAMkSA eka yA bIjI rIte, svataMtratA pachInAM varSomAM judA judA rUpe vyakta thavA mAMDI hatI tene acAnaka vega 1956 mAM maLyo. e pahelAMnA prayAso para vihaMgAvalokana karI laIe ke, eprila 1948 mAM kanaiyAlAla munazInA pramukhapade eka saMmelana ye jAyuM ane emAM gujarAtane Arthika-sAMskRtika vikAsa rUMdhAze evI lAgaNI vyakta thaI hatI. thoDAka samaya bAda muMbaI rAjyanA paMtapradhAna zrI bAbAsAheba khere DAMgane pravAsa karyo ane DAMganI bhASA marAThI hevAnuM kahyuM tene virodha paMDita kAranAtha sahita gujarAtanA vibhinna agraNIoe karyo 151 mAM sara puruSottamadAsanI AgevAnI heThaLa "mahAgujarAta sImA samiti racavAmAM AvI. vallabhavidyAnagaramAM A samitinA upakrame maLelA saMmelanamAM "aravallI pahADathI Abu pradeza DuMgarapuravAMsavADA pUrvamAM pazcima khAnadeza ane dakSiNe DAMga ane umaragAma sudhIne pradeza gujarAta che ema jaNAvAyuM.24 1952 mAM bhAIlAlabhAI paTelanA prayAsethI pahelI mahAgujarAta pariSada dhArAzAstrI hiMmatalAla zuklanA pramukhapade maLI. pradeza keMgresa samitie A pariSadamAM bhAga na lIdhe ane uttarapradezanA tatkAlIna rAjyapAla kanaiyAlAla munazIe paNa pariSadanI sAthe asaMmati pragaTa karatuM nivedana karyuM. 195ra nA Akhare maLelI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade kRSNalAla mehanalAla jhaverI dvArA rajU thayelA prastAvane mAnya karIne mahAgujarAtanI lekeSaNa vyakta karI. 1953 mAM jhAbuA DuMgarapura vAMsavADA ane DAMganAM prajAmaMDaLoe paNa gujarAtamAM A pradezene meLavavAnI mAgaNI karatA prastAva karyA hatA. svataMtratA pachI rAjyonI punarracanA karatAM vadhAre mahatva ane kasoTIrUpa tabakko ekatrIkaraNa ane vilInIkaraNane raheze. kAzmIra haidrAbAda jUnAgaDha ane bIjAM seMkaDo nAnAM moTAM rAjyanA vilayanI agnikarsaTImAMthI pasAra thayA pachI svataMtra bhAratanA nAgarike pitAnAM bhASA vyavahAra ane bIjI vizeSatAo para AdhArita prazAsanika suvidhA sAthenAM prAdezika ekamenI racanAne Agraha karI rahyA hatA e svAbhAvika paNa hatuM. vikaeN drita rAjyavyavasthAmAM pradezanuM vagIkaraNa anivArya hatuM, paNa ene mApadaMDa zuM rAkhavo joIe e aMge bhAre dvidhA pravatatI hatI. rASTriya ektA ane prajAkIya ekAtmatAne AMca na Ave evI rIte prAMta-racanA thavI joIe ema sau svIkAratA hatA.

Page #186
rAjakIya ItihAsa (I. sa. 1947-6). 161 chevaTe sattAdhArI pakSe 15ranI rASTriya cUMTaNI daramyAna pitAnA ghaSaNapatramAM bhASAvAra prAMtaracanAne saiddhAMtika svIkAra karyo ane cUMTaNImAM vijaya meLavyA pachI 1953 nI Akhare kamizana niyukata karyuM tenI vigate ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe. 156 mAM morArajIbhAIe je traNa rAjyonI yojanA mUkI hatI te keMdrane anukULa hatI. saMsadamAM evuM vidheyaka AvyuM ane e pasAra thatAM saMyukta samiti niyukta karAI. Ane kAraNe gujarAtanI prajAne lAgyuM ke gujarAta rAjya hAthaveMtamAM che, paNa mahArASTramAM "AmacI muMbaI nA nArA sAthe, mahArASTramAM ja muMbaI hAI zake evA AgrahathI hiMsaka AMdolana zarU thayuM. gujarAtI nAgarikonA vyavasAya para Apatti AvI. keMdra sarakAre pharI pelI yojanA paDatI mUkvAnA prayatna zarU karyA. muMbaI rAjyanI racanAne maMjUrI ApavAnI jAherAtathI gujarAta stabdha thaI gayuM. Do. zelatanA nejA heThaLanA "naizanala yuniyana oNpha TuDanI e ja divase amadAvAdanI lo kelejamAM sabhA thaI pagalAM samiti racavAmAM AvI. e ja divase bhadramAM AvelA koMgresabhavana para mara gaye. sazastra pilIsane jotAM ugramijAjI yuvakee paththarabAjI karI ane polIse cetavaNI vinA" goLIbAra zarU karyo. pUnamacaMda kauzika sureza abdula ema cAra yuvaka tyAM ja DhaLI paDyA. bhadranI bAjumAM ja gujarAta klabamAM dhArAzAstrIo maLatA hoya che, vidyAthIo tyAM pahoMcyA ane hiMmatalAla zukla kesa-bhavana para dhasI gayA. gujarAtamAM A AMdolana kramazaH ugra banatuM gayuM. AThamI oNgasTe cAra mRtyu pAmyA, ekso jeTalA ghavAyA. ratilAla khuzAladAsanA pramukhapade nAgarika sabhA thaI ane sabhA pachI thayelA goLIbAramAM eka nAgarika mRtyu pAme. A samAcAe zaheramAM pilIsa ane prajAnI vacce saMdharSane vyApaka banAvI mUkyo. Aga lUMTaphATa goLIbAra thatAM rahyAM. naDiyAda ANaMda mahesANA vaDodarA ane rAjakoTamAM haDatALo paDI vakIlamaMDaLe amadAvAdanA goLIbAranI tapAsa mATe paMca niyukta karavA sarakAra samakSa mAgaNI karI ane nAgarika tapAsapaMca vAmanarAya dhoLakiyAnA pramukhapade niyukta karyuM. sara cInubhAI, amRtalAla haragovanadAsa, vidyAbahena nIlakaMTha, esa. vI. desAI vagere agraNI nAgarikoe prajAne zAMta rahevA apIla karI. navamI oNgasTanA goLIbAramAM cAra yuvaka DhaLyA. svataMtratA pUrvenI ane svataMtratA pachInI AMdolananI 11

Page #187
162 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sthiti vize iMdulAla yAjJike sarakhAmaNI karatAM lakhyuM che : 1919 mAM gAMdhIjInI dharapakaDathI amadAvAdamAM pahelAM teAphAna thayA pachI lazkare gALIbAra karyo ane loko gabharAIne dharamAM bharAI rahetA, paNa 37 vaSa' pachI, jema goLIbAra thatA gayA, TiyaragaeNsanA TATA phUTatA gayA tema loko tAranA thAMbhalA, dUdhanI kaeNbine ane asanAM chAparAM tADIne rastAmAM aMtarAya nAkhatA ane peAlIsa-gADIone rAtA, ITa-rADAnA mArA calAvI gerIlA laDAI laDatA thayA.'25 10 mI oNgasTe amadAvAdamAM bIjA traNa maryAM. leAlanA gALIbAramAM traNanAM mAta thayAM. 11 mIe naDiyAdamAM dvibhASI rAjyanA eka pradhAna bAbubhAI jazabhAI paTelanA makAne paheAMcelA lakAnA tAphAna daramyAna thayelA goLIbArathI me jaNa maryAM. 14 mI AgasTe paNa amadAvAdamAM eka nAgarikanuM mRtyu gALAthI thayuM. 19 mIe morArajIbhAI desAInI sabhA sAme pariSade 'janatA karaphyu' pA. zrI desAIe ene leAkazAhInA siddhAMtaneA inkAra thayA'nuM jaNAvIne kahyuM ke 'gujarAtanI saMskArI ane lokazAhI praNAlikAonuM jatana karavu hoya te sudhI huM jAhera sabhA samakSa khAlI na zakuM tyAMsudhI mAre upavAsa karavA joIe.'26 yuvakoe prati-upavAsa karyAM. chevaTe 26 mI agasTe sabhA thaI, paththarabAjI thaI ane sabhA pUrI thayA bAdanA gALIbAramAM eka yuvatu mRtyu thayuM. amRtalAla harageAvanadAse mArArajIbhAI ne pAraNAM karAvyAM hatAM. jyAM pahelI AkaTobara, 1956 nA roja nAgarika tapAsapa Mca'nA ahevAla bahAra AvyA ke polIsa-goLIbAra akAraNa hatA ane emanI sAme phojadArI kAma calAvavu joIe. bIjI AkaTobare amadAvAdamAM paMDita javAharalAla naherunI sabhA thaI. samAMtara sabhAmAM iMdulAla yAjJika ane bIjA netAo khAlyA. 'sAbaramatI paranA traNe pulathI leA kAleja sudhI aphATa mAnavamedanI jAmelI hovAthI badhA vAhanavyavahAra sthagita thaI gayA hatA.' sabhAnI zarUAta kavi pradIpanA gIta sIsaka rahI gAMdhIkI dharatI, bigaDa gaI janma bAta'thI zarU thaI. paMDita naherunI nAnakaDI sabhAmAM vidyArthIo ane naherujInI vacce ugra saMvAda thayo. AvuM pahelAM kadI thayu nahetu" ema vaDA pradhAne kabUla karyu.27 dvibhASI rAjyanI racanA e pahelAM sapTembara mahinAmAM mahAgujarAta janatA pariSadanI racanA thaI hatI te mahAgujarAta mATenu AMdelana cAlu hatu. 1 lI, navembara 1956 nA rAja mu MbaInA dvibhASI rAjyanI zarUAta thaI temAM ghaNe aMze marAThI ane gujarAtIbhASI pradezanuM ekIkaraNa sadhAyuM, have saurASTra ane kacchane paNa

Page #188
rAjakIya ItihAsa (I. sa. 1947-60) 163 muMbaI rAjyamAM bheLavI devAyAM. saurASTramAM bhAvanagara junAgaDha jAmanagara sureMdranagara rAjakoTa ane amarelI jillA racAyA ne kacchane jille alaga karAyo. 1957 mAM dezamAM bIjI sAmAnya cUMTaNI thaI enI upara janatA pariSadanA AMdolananI thaMDI asara paDI. 1958 mAM janatA pariSade koMgresabhavana pAse zahIdasmAraka mUkavA koziza karI. sarakAre e smAraka rAte uThAvI lIdhuM eTale pharI ugra AMdolana thayuM. mahArASTramAM muMbaI-sahita alaga mahArASTra rAjya mATenI jhuMbeza vadhu joradAra hatI. 1959 mAM muMbaI rAjyanA mukhya maMtrI zrI yazavaMtarAva cavANe koMgresanA movaDI-maMDaLane jaNAvyuM ke gujarAta ane mahArASTra vacce bhAvAtmaka ekatA sthapAI nathI, pariNAme mevaDI maMDaLe A prazna para punavicAraNA zarU karI. Akhare muMbaI rAjayanA vibhAgIkaraNanI mAgaNIne saMmati apAI vibhAjananI vigate mATe samiti nimAI DAMga ane umaragAma gujarAtamAM mukAyAM ne pATanagara tathA khAdha aMge jogavAI karavAmAM AvI. 1960 nA mArca mAM muMbaI rAjyanA vibhAjanane kharaDo keMdra sarakAre prasiddha karyo ne ene muMbaI rAjyanA vidhAnamaMDaLamAM tathA lekasabhAmAM pasAra karavAmAM AvyuM. emAM jaNAvyA mujaba muMbaI rAjyanuM dvibhAgIkaraNa karAyuM ne 1 lI me, 1960 nA roja mahArASTra ane gujarAtanAM alaga be rAjyonI racanA thaI. gujarAta rAjyamAM DAMgane alaga jille rakhAye ne gujarAtanA pATanagara tarIke gAMdhInagaranA sthaLanI pasaMdagI thatAM enI AsapAsanAM gAmanA eka tAlukAne banele gAMdhInagara jilla' paNa racAye. Ama 1 lI me, 1960 nA ja gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA thaI. gAMdhInagara thatAM sudhI enuM kAmacalAu pATanagara amadAvAdamAM rakhAyuM. rAjakIya netRtva - 1947 thI 1960 sudhInuM gujarAtanuM rAjakIya netRtva mahadAMze svAtaMtrya caLavaLamAM temaja rajavADAMo viruddhamAM prajAmaMDaLamAM bhAga lenArA netAonA hAthamAM rahyuM. teo koMgresanI vicAradhArA heThaLa ghaDAyA hatA. rajavADAMonA rAjAo ane navAba, tAlukadAre ane bArakhalIdAra, dIvAne ane piliTiksa ejanTo evAM zAsana-prazAsananA svAtaMtrya pUrvanAM mALakhAMomAMthI alaga rIte, saMsadIya lekazAhI-aMtargata rAjanaitika prakriyAne prAraMbha thayo. pahelI cUMTaNI 1951 mAM thaI. saurASTra tyAre alaga pradeza tarIke astitva dharAvatuM hatuM ane bAkIne pradeza muMbaI rAjyanI aMtargata hato. kaccha kendrazAsita pradezane dara

Page #189
164 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI bhAgavatuM hatuM. A paristhitimAM kevI rAjakIya zailI vikasita thaI ene aMdAja meLavI zakAya ema che. 1951 nI rASTravyApI cUMTaNI samaye saurASTramAM prajAma`DaLanA koMgresI AgevAna ane girAsadArI nAkhUdIne lIdhe temaja rajavADAMnA vilayane lIdhe pratikriyA vyakta karanArAM kSatriya-paribaLAne sAmasAmeA cUMTaNI-sa MghaSa' thayA. leAkasabhA-vidhAnasabhAmAM fraoNMgresane bahumatI maLI. viredha pakSanu paNa saMsadIya leAkazAhImAM mahattvanuM sthAna che e samaja vikasavAnI bAkI hatI. A paraMparA traNeka sAmAnya cUMTaNIo sudhI rahI. saurASTranu pahelu pradhAnama`DaLa zrI ucharIMgarAya navalazaMkara DhebaranA mukhyamaMtrI pade racAyuM. 1954 mAM DhebarabhAine keMgresanA pramukha banAvavAmAM AvyA eTale emanu sthAna rasikalAla parIkhe lIdhuM. A varSAmAM ArajhI hakUmatanA senAnI zAmaLadAsa gAMdhIe matabhedane lIdhe rAjInAmuM Apyu. phI-vadhArAnA prazne keLavaNI-pradhAna baLavaMtarAya mahetAne rAjInAmu ApavuM paDayuM. e pahelAM nAnAbhAI bhaTTa paNa sarakAramAM rahI zakayA nahi. saurASTrane A varSomAM mukhyatve phI-vadhAro, bahAravaTiyAonA trAsa vagere praznono sAmanA karavA paDayo. gujarAtamAMthI cUMTAI AvelA DaoN. jIvarAja mahetA, iMdumatIbahena zeTha, bAbubhAI jazabhAI paTela, dinakararAya desAI vageree muMbaI vidhAnasabhAmAM ane pradhAnamaMDaLamAM sthAna meLavyuM hatuM. pachIthI gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA thatAM emAMnA ghaNA netAone emAM sthAna maLyuM. 1957 nI sAmAnya cUMTaNImAM pahelI vAra virodhapakSa prabhAva batAvI zakayo. taLa-gujarAtanA mahesANA-kheDA-amadAvAdamAM janatA pariSadanA keTalAka netAe vijayI banyA. saurASTramAM koIka sthAne prajAsamAjavAdI pakSane ekAkI vijaya maLyA, paNa mukhyatve paTela-pATIdAra-kSatriyanA TekAthI oNMgresa bahumatI meLavatI AvI. 1960 pachI sattAnuM A samIkaraNa badalAtuM thayu ane viredhapakSanu navesarathI dhyAnapAtra astitva dekhAyuM. janatA pariSada, prajAsamAjavAdI vagere pakSAnA ghaNAkharA netAoe vahelA-meDA keMgresamAM praveza meLavyeA. gujarAta rAjayanuM mALakhu dareka pradezamAM vikasita ane avikasita varganu astitva paNa enA ekamAnI sthitimAM mahattvanA bhAga bhajave che. dvibhASI racanA daramyAna gujarAtanA mahIkAMThAthI Du Mgarapura vAMsavADA paMcamahAla jhAmuA bhaca ane suratanA keTalAka

Page #190
rAjakIya itihAsa (I. sa. 1947-60) 165 bhAgamAM AdivAsI pachAta prajA vistarelI hatI. sAtapUDAne pahADa ane bharUca jillAne pachAta jAtione vasavATa vinAne pradeza e be vibhAgo vacce mukhyatve A prajAnA judA judA samUhane nivAsa sAtapUDAnI dakSiNe DAMgI kAtakarIvAralI dubaLA vagere, uttara vibhAgamAM sADA ATha lAkha ane eTalI ja dakSiNa vibhAgamAM vastI dharAvatI A pachAta prajAne stara ekasarakho kyAreya rahyo nahe. A uparAMta kaccha saurASTra ane gujarAtamAM bIje mera rabArI bharavADa Ayara koLI vAghera jevI ke, khetamajUre ane bIjA sAmAjika-Arthika varga phelAyelA hatA. mahAgujarAta ane dvibhASI rAjyaracanAne vaicArika gajagrAha cAlyA tyAre bhASAkIya jAgRti dekhAI. gujarAtI bhASAnI sImArekhA bAMdhavI muzkela hatI, paNa "bhASAvAra prAMtaracanA pariSada'nAM saMzodhana ane abhyAsa pachI e niSkarSa sadhAryo hato ke "amIragaDhathI IzAna tarapha vaLAMka laIne Abu sudhI bhASA pahoMce che, jyAre sAbarakAMThA jillAnI sarahada oLaMgIne DuMgarapura vAMsavADAnAM saMsthAnone jhAbuA ane alIrAjapuranAM saMsthAnone AvarI laI naMdarabAra thaIne DAMga-dharamapura-vAMsadAnI sarahado vaTAvIne kAlAbA sudhI Ave che tyAMthI saMjANa thaIne sAgarataTe umaragAMva sudhI e Ave che. AmAM keTalIka bhIla- belIone paNa samAveza thAya che te vyAkaraNa ane zabdasamUhanI daSTie gujarAtI sAthe ghaNI maLatI che. 28 vastI ane vistAranI dRSTie A samitie 83,090 cerasa mAilanA saMbhavita gujarAta pradezamAM 1,83,19,092 vastI AMkI hatI, paNa emAM DuMgarapura vAMsavADA jhAbuA alIrAjapura ane phiraMgI vistAranoye samAveza karI levAyo hato. prazAsananI daSTie je mALakhuM hatuM te dvibhASI rAjyaracanAnI aMtargata hatuM. e pramANe banAsakAMThA (10 tAlukA hatA, jemAM AburoDa ane mAunTa Abune paNa samAveza thaI jatuM hata), sAbarakAMThA mahesANuM amadAvAda kheDA vaDodarA paMcamahAla bharUca surata amarelI DAMga gehilavADa hAlAra madhya-saurASTra seraTha jhAlAvADa ka7 ema jillAstaranuM Ayojana karAyuM hatuM. dvibhASI muMbaI rAjayamAM gujarAtane vahIvaTa . dvibhASI daramyAna gujarAtane rAjakIya vikAsa eka pradeza tarIke muMbaI rAjya heThaLa keka thato rahyo e prakriyA paNa prajAjIvana para asara karanAruM paribaLa

Page #191
166 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI hatI. 1956 pahelAM te saurASTranuM alaga rAjya hatuM ane kaccha kedrIya zAsana heThaLa hatuM. "a" "ba" "ka" varganAM rAjyanI racanA vyavasthAnI dRSTie paNa bahu prabhAvI nahotI eTale 1956 mAM bhASAkIya dhoraNe rAjyaracanA karavAmAM AvI. bhASAnA dhoraNe rAjyanI karAyelI racanAo Aje paNa eka vivAdAspada muddo rahyo che. eka varga ema mAne che ke enAthI je te bhASA bolanArA e pradezanA lekenI asmitAne protsAhana maLe che, te evI mAnyatA dharAvatA rAjakIya abhyAsIo paNa che ke bhASAvAra rAjyaracanA ekatA ane ekAtmatAne khaMDita karanArI meTI rAjakIya bhUla hatI, jemAMthI pAchA pharavuM muzkela banI gayuM che ane rAjya rAjya vaccenA saMgharSa vadhyA che. Ama chatAM 1956 mAM je nirNaya levAya te pramANe rAjya-vidhAnasabhA ane rAjya-kAunsila astitvamAM AvI. dvibhASI muMbaImAM 397 sadasya vidhAnasabhAmAM hatA ane 108 sabhya kAunsilanA hatA. prazAsanika rAjadhAnI gujarAtamAM pATanagara tarIke amadAvAda prajAjIvanamAM sthAyI thaI gayuM hatuM, paNa prazAsanika daSTie navA pATanagaranI AvazyaktA hatI. gujarAta rAjyanI racanA veLAe e nirNaya levAyo ane amadAvAdathI 25 kilomITara dUra rAjadhAnI mATenI vizALa yojanA ghaDI kADhavAmAM AvI. rAjadhAnInI vasAhata zarU thaI tyAM sudhI vidhAnasabhA, dhArAsabhyonAM nivAsasthAna, sacivAlaya vagere amadAvAdamAM ja rahyAM. aMte "gAMdhInagara racAyuM ane svataMtratA pachInA gujarAta pradezane eka navuM pATanagara prApta thayuM. svAtaMtryottara mathAmaNanAM varSa Ama bhAratIya svAtaMtryanA prAraMbhathI 1960 sudhIne gALe gujarAtane mATe rAjakIya-Arthika-sAmAjika daSTie nirNAyaka rahyo. taMtranI prakriyAmAMthI pasAra thatAM thatAM ene leka-AMdolana paNa karavAM paDavAM. zikSaNa rAjanIti prazAsana sAhitya kaLA udyoga vepAra vANijya ema sarvatra eka yA bIjI rIte A samaya daramyAnanI paristhitie ekabIjAne vyApaka asara karI. akhabAree vyavasAya ane sArvajanika jIvananI samasyAonuM saMtulana sAdhIne prajAmatanu - ghaDatara karyuM. ItihAsa-pariSada, keLavaNa-pariSada ane sAhitya pariSada, sAhityasabhA vagerenAM saMmelana-adhivezana sAMskRtika gujarAtane saMketa ApatAM hatAM. prajAmAnasanuM kAThuM ghaDAyuM. anAvRSTi ane ativRSTi sImA paranA saMgharSane prajAe sAmano karyo.

Page #192
rAjakIya itihAsa (I. sa. 1947-60) 167 Ama gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsamAM arvAcIna kAlanI mathAmaNabharI tavArIkha sa`tuM prakaraNu samayagALAnA A aMze racI ApyuM. pATIpa 1. ke. kA. zAstrI, prAcIna bhaugAlika ullekhA', gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa", zra'. 1, pR. 27-283 2-3. baLavaMtarAya mahetA, 'ekIkaraNa,' "gujarAta eka paricaya," pR. 654 4. rAmanArAyaNa nA. pAThaka, 'saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela,' pR. 270 5. zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, jUnAgaDha ane giranAra,' pR. 266 6. ejana, pR. 264 7. ejana, pR. 265 8. V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of Indian States, p. 229 9. ejana, pR. 230 11. For A United India, pp. 10 f. 12. baLavaMtarAya mahetA, upayu kta, pR. 615 10. zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 265 13. rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka, upayukta, pR. 270 14. baLavaMtarAya mahetA, upayukta, pR. 656 15. ejana, pR. 656-657 16. dhanavaMta ojhA, 'gujarAta darzana,' pR. 140 18. nAnubhAI suratI, 'rAjyaracanAno itihAsa,' pR. 659 22-23. ejana, pR. 661 24. iMdulAla yAjJika, 'AtmakathA,' bhAga 6, pR. 2 26. ejana, pR. 54 28. dhanavaMta ojhA, upayukta, pR. 80-81 17. ejana, pR. 10 "gujarAta : eka paricaya,' 19--21. ejana, pR. 660 25. ejana, pR. 31 27. ejana, pR. 94

Page #193
prakaraNa 6 rAjyataMtra (a) briTiza zAsana nIcenA jillAomAM (194 thI 1947) IsTa InDiyA kampanInA vakhatamAM suratamAM aMgrejonI kaThI hatI tene vahIvaTa je dhoraNe cAlate te dharaNe muMbaI presiDensI(IlAkA)nA vahIvaTanuM baMdhAraNa racAyuM hatuM. kAunsilaro tathA presiDenTanuM maMDaLa "presiDenTa-InakAunsila" kahevAtuM ane keThI presiDensI kahevAtI. suratathI e zabda samagra hiMdamAM prasarI gayA ane e rIte be-presiDensI' pachIthI astitvamAM AvI.' briTiza InDiyAnI vesTarna eNmbe presiDensIne cAra mahesUlI vibhAgamAM ane 25 jillAomAM vaheMcavAmAM AvI hatI. enuM vaDuM mathaka muMbaI hatuM. vahIvaTI ekamo ane adhikArIo gavarnara-ina-kAunsilanA hAtha nIcenI presiDensIne vahIvaTa cAra kamizanara dvArA calAvavAmAM AvatuM. siMdhamAM temaja natha (uttara), senTrala(madhya) ane sAutha(dakSiNa) DivijhananA vaDA tarIke kamizanare hatA. presiDensI mahesUla vibhAgamAM dareka DisTrikaTa (jillo) kalekaTaranA tAbA nIce hato, je moTe bhAge hiMdI dIvAnI adhikArI hatA bombe presiDensInA noMdhana DivijhanamAM gujarAtanA amadAvAda bharUca kheDA paMcamahAla ane surata jillAone samAveza thato hato. noMdhana DivijhananA kamizanaranuM vaDuM mathaka amadAvAdamAM hatuM. dareka jillAmAM eka athavA vadhAre hiMdI siviliyane peTA vibhAganA AsisTanTa kalekaTara tarIke nimAyA hatA ane eka athavA vadhAre provinsiyala sarvisamAMthI AvelA DepyuTI kalekaTare emAM hatA. dareka jillAnA DepyuTI kalekaTaranA tAbAmAM jillAnI tijorI (TrejharI) hatI. kalekaToreTamAM sarAsarI AThathI bAra tAlukA hatA. dareka tAlukAmAM eka mAmalatadAra hatuM. mAmalatadAra enA tAlukAnA TrejharI-kAya mATe javAbadAra hate. aneka gAme niyamita haptAo bhare, gAmane hisAba yogya rIte rAkhavAmAM Ave gAmanI hada cagya rIte jALavavAmAM Ave ane gAmanA adhikArIo potAnuM

Page #194
rAjyataMtra 169 kArya yogya rIte kare e jovAnI enI javAbadArI hatI. e sabaeNDineTa maeNjisTreTa hato. tAlukAnAM gAmane jUthamAM vaheMcavAmAM AvyAM hatAM ane dareka upara mAmalatadAranA hAtha nIcene eka "sarkala-ispekaTara" nirIkSaNa mATe rAkhavAmAM Avela. traNa ke cAra tAlukAnA peTA vibhAga upara AsisTanTa ke DepyuTI kalekaTara nImavAmAM Avyo hate. dareka tAlukAmAM sarAsarI 100 thI 200 gAma hatAM. dareka gAmane enA niyamita adhikArIo hatA. teomAMnA keTalAka athavA badhA ja sAmAnya rIte vArasAgata adhikArI hatA. sarakAra jenA upara mukhyatve AdhAra rAkhatI te paTela hate. paTela e gAmanI mahesUla ane pilIsa bAbatane vaDo hate. talATI e kArakUna ane hisAbanIsa hate. e uparAMta eka saMdezAvAhaka ane eka pagI hatA. gAma eka rIte svataMtra hatuM, paraMtu kedrIkaraNa ane vahIvaTItaMtramAM vadhelA kAmakAjane kAraNe dezI rAjyomAM gAmanI svataMtratA upara kapa Avyo hato. dhArAsabhA kAyado ane nyAya presiDensInI lejisleTiva kAunsila(dhArAsabhA)mAM ekjhikyuTiva kAunsilanA sa, eNDavokeTa-janarala ane gavarnara dvArA nimAyelA 20 vadhArAnA sabhyo, jeomAMnA 8 mATenI bhalAmaNa (1) muMbaInI keperezana dvArA, (2) nardhana DivijhananA myunisipala korporezana dvArA, (3) sadhana DivijhananA DisTrikaTa beDa dvArA, (4) senTrala DivijhananA DisTrikaTa borDa dvArA, (5) dakhaNanA saradAre dvArA, (6) siMdhanA jAgIradAro ane jamInadAro dvArA, (7 muMbaInI cembara oNpha komarsa dvArA ane (8) muMbaI yunivarsiTInI seneTa dvArA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. lejisleTiva kAunsilanA sabhyone sAmAnya vahIvaTItaMtra ane vArSika nANAMkIya bAbate upara carcA karavAnI svataMtratA hatI. samagra presiDensInA nyAyataMtrane vahIvaTa hAikeTane seMpavAmAM Avyo hatuM, jemAM dIvAnI ane phojadArI nyAyanA sAmAnya temaja asAmAnya adhikArakSetrano samAveza thato. hAIkorTamAM eka cIpha jasTisa (baeNrisTara) ane cha yunI jaje (bina-mukhya jaje) hatA. nIcalI dIvAnI adAlatamAM dAvAnI rakama pramANe prathama ke dvitIya varga hatA. pharsTa klAsa sarDineTa jaja pAse khAsa sattAo hatI. DisTrikaTa eNDizanala ane AsisTanTa jajanuM adhikArakSetra ekabIjA sAthe saMkaLAyeluM hatuM. sthAnika vakIlemAMthI sAmAnya rIte sabaDi neTa jajonI nimaNuka thatI.

Page #195
178 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI *= = = === DisTrikaTa ane AsisTanTa jajonI nimaNUka inDiyana athavA sTepyuTarI siviliyane athavA provinziyala sarvisIjhanA sabhyomAMthI karavAmAM AvatI. bIjA varganA saDineTa jaja rUpiyA 5,000 thI ochI rakamane dAvo dAkhala karI zaktA, paNa ene apIlanI sattA nahatI. prathama varganA sarDineTa jaja pAse badhA ja mULabhUta dIvAnI dAvAonI sattA hatI. gujarAtamAM khAsa prakAranI "smala kojha ke amadAvAda naDiyAda bharUca ane suratamAM hatI. mAmalatadArane sthAvara milaktane tAtkAlika kabaje levAnA dAvAo aMge nirNaya karavAnI sattA hatI, paraMtu emanA niNa upara phera-vicAraNuM hAIkorTamAM karI zakatI. - samagra presiDensImAM sezansa jaje ane AsisTanTa sezansa jaje pAse phojadArI adAlatanI kAryavAhI hatI. DisTrikaTa adhikArIone mULabhUta gunAnA kAryanI tapAsa soMpavAmAM AvI hatI ke teo maeNjisTreTa tarIke pharaja bajAvatA. sezansa kerTomAM adhikArIonA traNa vaga hatA. sezansa jaja e DisTrikaTa jaja hatA, eNDizanala sezansa jaja e saMpUrNa sattA sAthe AsisTanTa jaja hatuM ane pachI Avate AsisTanTa sezansa jaja. sezansa jaja koI paNa gunA mATe kAyadesaranI sajA karI zakatA, paraMtu ene motanI sajA mATe hAIkeTanI paravAnagI levI paDatI. oNDizanala sezansa jaja sarakAra ke sezansa jaja dvArA soMpAyelA gunAnA dAvA calAvI zakate. AsisTanTa sezansa phakta sarakAre sUcavelA ke eNDavokeTa-janarala dvArA ApavAmAM AvelA ke sezansa jajanA khAsa Adeza dvArA apAyelA dAvA ja calAvI zaktA.3 noMdhaNI (rajisTrezana) sthAvara milakta uparanA adhikAranI ane amuka kiMmatanI jaMgama milakatanI nodhaNI karAvavI pharajiyAta hatI. A mATe tAlukAomAM saba-rajisTrAre ane DisTrikaTa mATe kalekaTare A kAma karatA. samagra khAtA upara ispekaTarajanarala opha rajisTrezanane kAbU hato.' lokala selapha-gavarnamenTa (sthAnika svarAjya) lela boDaeN ane myunisipAliTIo dvArA vahIvaTItaMtranI keTalIka zAkhAo upara sthAnika kAbU sthApavAmAM AvyA hatA. DisTrikaTa ke tAlukA upara lekala beDanI ane siTI ke nagara upara myunisipAliTInI sattA sthApavAmAM AvI hatI, A mATenI sthAnika kamiTIo sarakAra dvArA nimAyelA ke prajAe cUMTelA pratinidhionI banelI hatI. emane keLavaNI, rastAo, jaLAzayonAM bAMdhakAme,

Page #196
rAjyataMtra 171mAM ' dUSaNa-nivAraNa ane sAmAnya rIte emanA vistAranI sudhAraNA mATe phaMDomAMthI kharca karavAnI sattA ApavAmAM AvI hatI. dareka DisTrikaTamAM eka DisTrikTa beThuM hatuM. dareka DisTrikaTane badhI jamInamahesUlanI ugharANI upara eka rUpiye eka Ane (hAlanA cha paisA) phaMDa khAte maLo. je phaMDa bheguM thAya tene trIjo bhAga keLavaNuM pAchaLa kharcavAne hate. DisTrikaTa baI bAkInI rakamane thoDo hissA tAlukA boDene ApatuM ane e pachI bAkI rahelI rakama niyama mujaba vAparavAnI ene chUTa hatI DisTrikaTa kamiTI. emAM DisTrikaTanA mukhya adhikArIo ane kalekaTare pasaMda karelA sabhya hatA. tAlukA kamiTIo kalekaTara, sabaDivijhana oNphisa, mAmalatadAra, ane kalekTare traNa athavA vadhAre nImelA sabhyonI banelI hatI. tAlukA borDomAM cUMTAyelA ane nimAyelA sabhyonI saMkhyA ekasarakhI rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. DisTrikaTa borDamAM keTalAka nimAyelA sabhyo temaja tAlukA be myunisipAliTIoe ane inAmI gAmanA inAmadArae cUMTelA sabhyo hatA. sAmAnya rIte kalekaTara DisTrikaTa beDane presiDenTa hatA, jyAre enA asisTanTe enA tAbAnAM tAlukA ber3anA pramukha tarIke kArya karatA. pablika varkasa khAtuM A khAtA upara be cIpha enjiniyara hatA, je sarakAranA sekreTarIo paNa hatA. Divijhane upara suparinTeDiMga enjiniyaro, DisTrikaTo upara ejhikayuTiva enjiniyare ane jarUra pramANe AsisTanTa enjiniyaro. hatA A adhikArIone badhA ja prakAranAM jAhera kArya karavAnAM hatAM, paraMtu keTalAka kissAomAM mahattvanAM siMcAI-kAma vadhArAnA ekjhikyuTiva enjiniyarone seMpavAmAM AvatAM. A khAtAnA kAryakSetramAM rastAo pula hospiTale oNphise siMcAI mATenAM jaLAzaye nahero vagerenA bAMdhakAma ane jALavaNI hatAM. ekjhikyuTiva enjiniyara e DisTrikaTa beIne sabhya paNa hato. pilIsa ane jelo DisTrikTa pilIsa e pagAradAra aMga hatuM ane enA darajajA hatA, jemAM kosTebalathI zarUAta thatI. tAlukA ane DisTrikaTa cIpha kosTebale ane DisTrikaTa suparinTenDeTanA tAbA nIce hatA. emanI vacce inspekaTare hatA ane koIka vAra AsisTanTa suparinTenDenTanI nimaNUka paNa thatI, DisTrikaTanA pilIsavahIvaTItaMtra upara DisTrikaTa maeNjisTreTane kAbU hatA, paraMtu ene kamizanaranA

Page #197
172 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI hukama pramANe kAma karavAnuM hatuM. presiDensInuM kArya ekadhAyuM cAle e mATe apekTara-janaralanI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI hatI. (siMdhane emAM samAveza thata nahi). DisTrikTa polIsadaLane amuka bhAga zastradhArI hatI ane emane jele ane tijorIo athavA kedIo ane tijorInuM rakSaNa karavAnuM hatuM. sthAnika paristhiti pramANe vistAra ane vastI anusAra polIsanI saMkhyA nakkI thatI. gAmanA polIsane niyamita pagAra ApavAmAM nahI AvaDe. enA upara gAmanA paTelane kAbU hatuM ane jyAre gune bane tyAre DisTrikaTa pilIsane belAvavAnI enI pharaja hatI. pagIonI nimaNUka sAmAnya hatI. ispekTara-janarala oNpha polIsanA khAtAnI be khAsa zAkhA hatI : gunAnI tapAsa ane gunAnI oLakha. relave mATe khAsa polIsataMtra UbhuM karavAmAM AvyuM mukhya relave lAInane DisTrikaTa pramANe vaheMcavAmAM AvI ane e mATe inspekaTara-janaralanA sIdhA hAtha nIce suparinTenDenTa nImavAmAM AvyuM. kanTamenTamAM lazkarI sattAoe nAnI saMkhyAmAM polIse rAkhyA hatA, je sthAnika polIsadaLane lazkarI gunegAronA kesamAM madada karavAnI hatI. emanA upara lazkarI sattAno adhikAra hate. 1909 nA sudhArA pramANe DivijhananA kamizanaranI sattA inspekaTarajanaralane soMpavAmAM AvI. InspekaTara-janaralanA hAtha nIce jela-vibhAga rAkhavAmAM AvyuM ke je mukhyatve inDiyana meDikala sarvisamAMthI AvatA hatA. amadAvAdanI senTrala jela upara pUrNa samayane suparinTenDenTa nImavAmAM Avyo. sthAnika maeNjisTreTone loka-apanuM kArya soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. keLavaNI keLavaNI khAtAnA vahIvaTI vaDA tarIke DAyarekaTara ane enA hAtha nIce dareka DisTrikaTa upara eka inspekaTara ane DepyuTI inspekaTara ane emanA madadanAzanI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI hatI. A adhikArIo je zALAone rAjyanuM anudAna maLatuM teonuM nirIkSaNa karatA ane lekaborDo dvArA anudAna meLavatI jAhera prAthamika zALAone vahIvaTa karatA. bombe yunivarsiTI e sarakArI aMga hatuM, jemAM presiDensInA gavarnara cAnselara hatA. sinDikeTanA kAryakSetramAM yunivarsiTIne vahIvaTa hato ane seneTa e yunivarsiTInA dhArAdhoraNa ghaDanAruM aMga hatuM. navA yunivarsiTIjha

Page #198
rAjayata tra 173 eNkeTa mujaba yunivarsiTInI kAryavAhImAM ucca zikSaNamAM mArgadarzana ApavAnuM ane kelejo upara nirIkSaNa karavAnuM hatuM. sekanDarI keLavaNImAM sAta gheraNa hatAM, jemAM prathama traNane bAda karatAM aMgrejI e keLavaNInuM mAdhyama hatuM. prAthamika zALAo be prakAranI hatI : eka prakAramAM saMpUrNa varnAkyulara zALAomAM sAta dhoraNa sudhIne ane bIjA prakAramAM pAMca sAdAM dhoraNe mATe abhyAsakrama hatA. zikSakone tAlIma ApavA mATe sarakAra TreniMga koleja nibhAvatI, jemAM traNa varSone abhyAsakrama hato. ' meDikala DipArTamenTa upara sajana-janaralano kAbU hatuM ane seniTezanane havAle seniTarI kamizanaranA hAthamAM hatuM. dareka DisTrikaTanA vaDA mathakamAM rahetA sivila sarjanane te te jillAnA davA saMbadhI kAryanI javAbadArI soMpavAmAM AvI hatI, jyAre seniTezananuM kArya DayuTI-kamizanarane saMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM jillAo (DisTrikTo) amadAvAda jille A jillAnuM kSetraphaLa 9,883.44 corasa kilomITara (3,816 co. mA.) hatuM. vahIvaTItaMtranI dRSTie amadAvAdanuM cha tAlukAomAM vibhAjana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM : dasakroI sANaMda vIramagAma dhoLakA dhaMdhukA ane prAMtIja. ghoghAne dhaMdhukA tAlukAmAM ane moDAsAne prAMtIja tAlukAmAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo hato. enA upara nirIkSaNa karavAnuM kArya kalekaTara, enA be madadanIze ane DepyuTI kalekaTarane soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. dIvAnI ane phojadArI nyAya mATe DisTrikaTa ane sezansa jaja hatA. amadAvAda siTIne mATe eka siTI-maeNjisTreTa nImavAmAM Avyo hato. jamIna-mahesUlanA vahIvaTItaMtranI dRSTie amadAvAda jillAnI viziSTatA e hatI ke emAM tAlukAne eka vizALa varga hate. DisTrikTa suparinTenDenTa DisTrikaTa polIsa upara kAbU dharAvate ane ene madada karavA mATe be AsisTanTa hatA. 18 polIsa-sTezana ane 33 AuTa-pisTa hatI. amadAvAdanI senTrala jelamAM 929 kedIonI vyavasthA hatI ane samagra . jillAmAM sabasiDiyarI jela ane 15 leka-apa hatAM.

Page #199
174 kheDA jillA A jillAnA vistAra 4,131.05 co. ki. mI. (1,55 co. mA.) hatA. enAM mukhya gAmAmAM naDayAda kapaDavaMja kheDA(vaDu mathaka) ANaMda ane mahemadAvAda hatAM. AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jillAne e peTAvibhAga hatA ke je AsisTanTa kalekaTara ane DepyuTI klekaTaranA hAtha nIce hatA. A jillA sAta tAlukAonA banelA hatA : ANaMda khArasada kapaDavaMja mAtara mahemadAvAda naDiyAda ane ThAsarA. haddAnI rUe kalekaTara khaMbhAta rAjyanA poliTikala ejanTa hatA ane revAkAMThAmAM vadhArAne poliTikala ejanTa hatA. jamIna-mahesUla vahIvaTIta MtranI dRSTie A jillAmAM traNa prakAranAM gAma hatAM : rAstI(zAMta) mahevAsI ane rAstI-mehavAsI. gAmanA vahIvaTItaMtra mATe paTela ane enA upara kamAvIsadArA hatA. myunisipAliTI A jillAmAM 10 hatI, jevI ke kheDA kapaDavaMja mahemadAvAda naDiyAda DAkora khArasada ANu Mda umareTha eDa ane mahudhA; sAta lAla meDa hatAM. DisTrikaTa suparinTenDenTa oNpha polIsanI madadamAM be inspekaTara ane 10 cIpha konsTebala hatA. 12 polIsa sTezana hatAM. jillAmAM 8 sabasiDiyarI jelA hatI ke jemAM 187 kedIone rAkhavAnI vyavasthA hatI.9 paraMcamahAla jilla enu kSetraphaLa 4,159.54 co. ki. mI. (1,606 co. mA.) hatuM. revAkAMThA ejansInA bAriyA rAjya dvArA e khe bhAgeAmAM vaheMcAI jatA hatA. pacamahAla jille e nAna-regyulezana' jille hate ane ene uparI kalekaTara hatA ke je revAkAMThAneA poliTikala ejanTa paNa hatA. jillAnA be vibhAga hatA, jenA upara eka AsisTanTa ane eka DepyuTI kalekaTara hatA. emAM dAhAda godharA ane kAlola traNa tAlukA temaja jhAloda ane hAlAla e be peTha hatA. sivAya godharA kAlAla ane khoDa ane tAlukA kherDane godharA ane dAhodanI myunisipAliTI dAMhAdanI sthAnika bAbateAnI vyavasthA DisTrikaTa harataka hatI.

Page #200
rAjyataMtra - 175 polIsa vahIvaTIta Mtra DisTrikaTa suparinTenDenTane hastaka hatuM ane ene madada karavA e inspekaTara ane sAta cIpha konsTebala hatA. pAMca polIsa sTezana hatAM. pAMca sabasiDiyarI jela ane traNa loka-apa hatAM, jemAM 73 kedIonI vyavasthA hatI.10 bharUca jille enu kSetraphaLa 3,799.53 ceA. ki.mI. (1,467 co.mA.) hatu. vahIvaTItaMtra mATe A jillAne Ameda bharUca aMkalezvara ja khUsara ane vAgarA tAlukAomAM vaheMcavAmAM AvyA hatA ane hAMsATa peDanA emAM samAveza thatA. klekaTara ane enA e AsisTanTa mahesUlI vahIvaTItaMtranA vaDA hatA. eka DisTrikaTa jaja ane cAra saAADi"neTa jaja hatA. ATha maeNjisTreTa pheAjadArI nyAyataMtra saMbhALatA hatA. jillAmAM pAMca myunisipAlaTI hatI : bharUca aMkalezvara jaMbUsara hAMsoTa ane Ameda. eka DisTrikaTa e ane pAMca tAlukA kheDa" hatAM. suparinTenDenTa e polIsanA vaDA hatA ane ene e inspekaTara madada karatA, sAta polIsa-sTezana hatAM. jillAmAM cha sabasiDiyarI jele ane 12 loka-apa hatAM, jemAM 255 kedIone rAkhavAnI vyavasthA hatI, 11 surata jillA enu kSetraphaLa 4,281.27 co. ki. mI. (1,653 co. mA.) hatu. A jillAnA traNa peTAvibhAga karavAmAM AvyA hatA, je eka AsisTanTa klekaTara ane e DepyuTI-lekaTa2ezanA hAtha nIce hatA. emAM ATha tAlukA hatA, jevA ke bAraDolI valasADa cIkhalI cAryAzI jalAlapura mAMDavI elapADa ane pAraDI, khAraDolImAM vAlADa peThane samAveza thatA. klekTara e sacIna rAjyane poliTikala ejanTa hato ane ene vahIvaTa AsisTanTa kalekaTara dvArA thatA. vAMsadA ane dharamapura rAjye temaja DAMganI esTeTa paNa enA tAbAmAM hatI. DisTrikaTa ane sezansa jajanI sAthe smola kaeNoNjha kATanA jaja joDAyelo hatA, phojadArI nyAya mATe 12 adhikArI hatA. surata mATe khAsa siTImaeNjisTreTanI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI hatI. jillAmAM cAra myunisipAliTI hatI, jevA ke surata valasADa rAMdera ane mAMDavA. eka DisTrikTa khA` ane ATha tAlukA khADa hatAM.

Page #201
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI DisTrikaTa polIsa suparinTenDenTanI madadamAM be inspekaTara hatA. kula 11 peAlIsa-sTezana hatAM. nava sabasiDiyarI jela ane nava loka-apa hatAM.12 176 (A) dezI rAjyAmAM (1914 thI 1947) dezI rAjyAmAM I. sa. 1914 pahelAM vahIvaTIta tranu je mALakhuM hatu te ja mALakhuM theADA gauNa pheraphAro sAthe I. sa. 1947 sudhI cAlu rahyuM. a Mgreja sarakAranI sarvopari--sattA (Paramount Power) nIce dezI rAjyo AMtarika vahIvaTanI rAttA bhAgavatAM hatAM. jo jarUra paDe te aMgreja sarakAra AMtarika hIvaTamAM paNu daramyAnagIrI karI zakatI. A samayanA lagabhaga badhA rAjavIee rAjakoTanI rAjakumAra kaoNlejamAM zikSaNa lIdhuM hatuM tathA yuropaamerikAnI mulAkAte! lIdhI hatI. AnI asara vahIvaTa para paDI hatI. rAjAe aMgrejI zikSaNlR tathA saMskArathI raMgAyelA hatA. aMgrejI bhASA rItabhAta ane raheNIkaraNInI emanA para jabarI asara hatI. rAjyanAM kkSA ane vistAra pramANe rAjA sattA bhogavatA. meTAM rAjyanA rAjavIe naredrama'DaLa(Chamber of Princes)nA sabhya hatA. A ma`DaLanI sthApanA dilhImAM I. sa. 1921 mAM thaI hatI. dara varSe enI sabhAe maLatI, rAjyanA vahIvaTIta MtranA vaDA tarIke mukhya kArabhArI athavA dIvAna hatA. kArDiyAvADamAM mukhya kArabhArIonuM eka maMDaLa hatuM ane dara varSe enI sabhA paNa maLatI. aMgreja sarakAra A maDhaLeA para dekharekha ane akuza rAkhatI. vividha khAtAM prathama vaSa~nAM rAjyAmAM lazkara rAkhavAmAM AvatuM, paraMtu rAjyo vaccenI laDAIo ane baLavA huve adRzya thayAM hatAM. tethI ene upayoga bhAgyeja karavA paDatA. polIsa-khAtu kAya ane vyavasthA jALavatuM. dareka rAjyamAM alaga alaga pe Isa-gaveza rahete. rAjyAmAM cI ane lUTaphATanuM pramANu evu hatu. paraMtu keTalAMka rAjyAmAM bahAravaTiyAne trAsa rahetA dareka rAjya jamIna-mahesUla rAkaDAmAM athavA anAjamAM potAnI anukULatA pramANe udharAvatu. paDatara jamInane khetI nIce lAvI, si McAInI sagavaDa vadhArI athavA kheDUtAne ochA vyAje lena ApI khetInuM vArSi ka utpAdana vadhAravAnA prayAsa thayA. kheDUtane zAhukArAnA zASaNamAMthI cheDAvavA ane ochA vyAje lona ApavA vAMkAnera lIMbaDI vagere rAjyomAM kheDUta sahakArI baeNnka sthApavAmAM AvI.13 ghAsacArAnA saMgrahane protsAhana ApavAmAM AvatuM, jethI duSkALa

Page #202
rAjyataMtra 177 samaye muzkelI na paDe. khetIne mukhya AdhAra varasAda para hato. jamIna-mahesUla mATe rAjyane mahAlamAM ane mahAlane TappA mAM vaheMcI nAkhavAmAM AvatA. nyAyataMtranI racanA ane sattAmAM kaMI khAsa phera paDato na hato. dIvAnI phojadArI ane majUra adAlate 1914 pUrve hatI e pramANe ja kAma karatI. nAnAM rAjyo para "thANadAra dIvAnI ane phojadArI sattA bhogavatA. moTAM rAjya pitAnA sTempa pepara, keTaphI-sTempa ane rasIda-sTempane upayoga karatA.14 zikSaNanuM mahattva samajAvA mAMDayuM hatuM. lagabhaga dareka meTA rAjyamAM mAdhyamika ane ucca zikSaNanI zALAo zarU thaI. vaDodarA bhAvanagara ane rAjakoTa rAjyamAM koleja paNa sthapAI. ucca zikSaNanI zALAo hoya tyAM vividha jJAtionA vidyArthIo mATe vidyAthIbhavana(borDige) paNa thayAM. ghaNAM kharAM rAjyamAM maeNTrika sudhInuM zikSaNa rAjyanA kharce niHzulka apAtuM. vaDodarA ane geMDaLa jevAM rae prakAzana pravRtti paNa sArA pramANamAM karI. vaDodarA rAjya vividha viSaya para aneka pustaka gujarAtI bhASAmAM pragaTa kya. gaMDaLa rAjya gujarAtI jJAnakoza(ensAIkalopIDiyA) jevA "bhagavadgomaMDala kezanA graMtha prakAzita karyA. gAmaDAMomAM gujarAtI zALAonuM pramANa vadhyuM. zaheromAM kanyAzikSaNane vikAsa thayo. rAjakoTa vaDhavANa lIMbaDI bhAvanagara ribaMdara jUnAgaDha vagere ghaNuMkharAM rAjyamAM rAjyanA khace cAlatAM pustakAlaya ane vAcanAlaya(sTeTa lAyabrerIjha) astitvamAM AvyAM. rAjya taraphathI rAjAnuM jIvanacaritra, pravAsavarNana (janala), rajanIzI(DAyarI), rajatajayaMtI ke suvarNa jayaMtInA vistRta sacitra ahevAle tathA cAraNuM ane dhArmika sAhityanAM pustaka prasiddha thatAM. rAjyanA vArSika vahIvaTI ahevAla aMgrejImAM ane darabArI gejheTa gujarAtImAM prasiddha thatAM. rAjyanA kAyadAo, niyama, TharAvo ane paripatronI mAhitI ApatI DirekaTarIo paNa prasiddha thatI. auSadhAlaya ane ArogyanI pravRttione vikAsa thayo. meTAM rAjyanAM mukhya mathakemAM rAjyanA kharce vizALa hospiTale baMdhAI rAjya taraphathI ni:zuka athavA bahu jUja khace davAo ijezane tathA oNparezananI sagavaDa apAtI. meTAM gAmamAM paNa davAkhAnAM sthapAyAM. meTAM zaheromAM prasUtigRha

Page #203
178 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI . sthapAyAM, cepI rogacALAnA samaye rAjya taraphathI sAravAra ane takedArInAM pagalAM bharAtAM, paraMtu nAnAM gAmomAM bhAgyeja kaMI tabIbI sagavaDa maLatI. dareka rAjyanI vArSika UpajamAM uttarottara vadhAro thayo. khetI sudhAravAnA prayAsa thayA. rAjyanI AvakanuM mukhya rAdhana jamIna-mahesUla hatuM. uparAMta relave, janiMga phekaTarI, benka ane udyogomAM rAjavIo nANuM rekI Arthika lAbha meLavatA. dareka moTA rAjyamAM vIjaLI vArigraha rastAo tAra TapAla Teliphona vagerenI sagavaDe dAkhala thaI. navAnagara jevAM keTalAMka rAjyamAM karaverAne bojo vadhAre hate 15 rAjyanI Avaka karatAM kharca ochuM rAkhavAmAM AvatuM. A samaya daramyAna ghaNAM rAjyomAM rAjyanA kharce relave ane grAma zarU thaI. vaDhavANa kempa (pachIthI sureMdranagara)-dhrAMgadhrAnI relavene 1915 mAM haLavada sudhI laMbAvavAmAM AvI. 16 lIMbaDI rAjya lIMbaDI zaheramAM gAmathI sTezana sudhInI kAma zarU karI hatI. dezI rAjyanA rAjavIo potAnA rAjya-amalanI rajatajayaMtI ane suvarNa jayaMtI UjavatA. goMDaLanA mahArAjA bhagatasiMhajIe Disembara, 1934 mAM pitAnA zAsananI suvarNa jayaMtI UjavI hatI. 17 vaDodarAnA mahArAjA sayAjIrAva trIjAne hIraka mahotsava UjavAyuM hatuM. jayaMtInI UjavaNI daramyAna rAjavIne cAMdI ke suvarNathI tulAvidhi thate, mijabAnIo apAtI, aMgreja adhikArIo ane nimaMtrita rAjavIonI upasthitimAM rAjAne saMmAnavAne bhapakAyukta samAraMbha thate, rAtre rezanI tathA AtazabAjI thatI ane kedIonI sajAmAM ghaTADo karavAmAM Avato. rAjA taraphathI keTalAMka dAnanI jAherAta thatI. yuvarAja athavA rAjakuTuMbanA koI sabhyanA lagna prasaMge paNa dAnanI jAherAta thatI. aMgreja sarakArane madada I. sa. 1914mAM prathama vizvayuddha zarU thayuM ane IMglenDa paNa emAM joDAyuM. e samaye dezI rAjyoe aMgrejone vividha rIte ghaNI madada karI. dezI rAjAoe aMgrejone rokaDa rakama taMbuo eNkhulansa gADIo tathA sainikonA rUpamAM moTI madada ApI. muMbaI rAjyanI ane keMdra sarakAranI aneka yojanAomAM dezI rAjyone pharajiyAta pitAne phALe Apa paData. dezI rAjyano rAjA jyAre gavarnara ke vAIsaroyanI mulAkAta le tyAre paNa ene nakkI karelI saMkhyAmAM senA-mahore bheTa ApavI paDatI.

Page #204
rAjyataMtra - 179 I. sa. 1924mAM dezI rAjya para muMbaI sarakArane badale keMdra sarakArane sIdhe aMkuza sthapAye. kaccha kAThiyAvADa ane pAlanapura ejansIone saMyukta karIne vesTa inDiyA sTeTsa ejansInI racanA karavAmAM AvI. enA mukhya adhikArIne "ejanTa Tu dhI gavarnara-janarala'ne hoddo ApavAmAM Avyo. pahelA ane bIjA varganA rAjavIo have prAMta oNphisarane badale sIdhA A adhikArI sAthe patravyavahAra karI zake evI sattA ApavAmAM AvI. 18 I. sa. 1925 mAM nyAyanA kArya mATe nAnAM rAjyone keTalAMka thANuomAM vahecI nAkhavAmAM AvyAM. e dareka thANAmAM thANadAra' nAmane adhikArI dIvAnI ane phojadArI nyAyanI kAmagIrI bajAva. A ja varSamAM rAjakoTa khAte vaDI adAlatanI sattA dharAvatI jyuDiziyala kamizanaranI adAlata sthApavAmAM AvI. I. sa. 1932 mAM kAThiyAvADanAM dezI rAjyone cAra prAMtane badale be prAMta - pUrva kAThiyAvADa ane pazcima kAThiyAvADa ejansI-mAM samAvI levAmAM AvyAM. pUrva kAThiyAvADa ejansImAM jhAlAvADa ane rohilavADane samAveza karI enuM mukhya mathaka vaDhavANa kempa rAkhavAmAM AvyuM, jayAre pazcima kAThiyAvADa ejansImAM seraTha ane hAlArane samAveza karI enuM mukhya mathaka rAjakoTa rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. 19 hiMdI sarakArano kAyado I. sa. 1935 nA A kAyadAmAM dezI rAjyo ane briTiza prAMtinuM samavAyataMtra racavAnI jogavAI hatI, paraMtu bahumatI dezI rAjyoe emAM joDAvA asaMmati darzAvatAM e samavAyataMtra amalamAM AvI zakyuM na hatuM. joDANa-janA (eTecamenTa skIma) - kAThiyAvADamAM aneka nAmAM ane chUTAchavAyAM rAjya hovAne lIdhe enA vahIvaTamAM ghaNI muzkelI paDatI tethI I. sa. 1943 mAM eTecamenTa skIma dvArA hiMdI sarakAre e nAnAM rAjyone najIkanAM moTAM rAjyo sAthe vahIvaTanI saraLatA mATe joDI dIdhAM. A pagalA sAme nAnAM rAjyamAM ghaNe asaMtoSa thayo hata: chatAM 1944 mAM briTiza pArlAmenTa kAyado karIne e janAne kAyamI maMjUrI ApI dIdhI hatI.20 :

Page #205
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 180 (4) saurASTranA sayukta rAjyamAM (1947 thI 1956) I. sa. 1947 nI 15 mI oNgasTe bhAratane AjhAdI maLatAM saurASTranAM dezI rAjya paNa svataMtra banyAM. tyAMnI prajAe javAbadAra rAjyataMtranI mAgaNI ugra khanAvI. sava*-prathama bhAvanagara rAjye A mAgaNInA svIkAra karI tArIkha 15 mI jAnyuArI, 1948 nA rAja rAjyanA vahIvaTa zrI baLavaMtarAya mahetAnI AgevAnI nIce prajAne soMpyA ane jo saurASTranu ekama racAtuM hoya te emAM bhaLavAnI taiyArI batAvI.21 jAmanagaramAM tA. 15mI phebruArI, 1948 nA rAja kAThiyAvADanA saMyukta rAjya(United State of Kathiawar)nuM saradAra vallabhabhAI paTelanA haste uddhATana thayu. tA. 15 mI eprila, 1948 nA rAja navA rAjyanI zarUAta karavAmAM AvI. A samaye enu nAma 'kAThiyAvADanu saMyukta rAjya'ne badale sudhArIne saurASTranuM saMyukta rAjya' (United State of Saurashtra) rAkhavAmAM Avyu`. pradhAnamaDaLa navA saurASTra rAjyanA rAjapramukha tarIke jAmanagaranA jAmasAheba dignijayasihajI tathA upapramukha tarIke bhAvanagaranA mahArAjA kRSNakumArasi MhajInI varaNI thaI. zrI uchara MgarAya Dhebara mukhya pradhAna ane khaLavaMtarAya mahetA nAyaba mukhya pradhAna banyA. sAliyANAM je rAjAoe emanAM rAjya sAMpI dIdhAM temane emanA te te rAjyanAM kada ane Avaka pramANe vArSika sAliyANAM bAMdhI ApavAmAM AvyAM. uparAMta emane keTalAka viziSTa adhikAra paNa ApavAmAM AvyA.22 emanAM mAna ane mAbA jALavavAmAM AvyAM. jUnAgaDhanuM joDANa 1947 nA oNgasTamAM AjhAdI maLyA pachI jUnAgaDhanA navAba mahAbatakhAnajI 3 jAe pAstiAna sAthe joDAvAnI jAherAta karI tethI jUnAgaDhanI prajAe ArajhI hakUmatanI racanA karI navAba sAme saMdha' karyAM.23 prajAkIya laDatathI gabharAI ne navAthya pAztiAna nAsI gayA ane jUnAgaDha bhArata sAthe joDAyu.. jUnAgaDhanI sAthe mANAvadara khAMTavA mAMgarALa saradAragaDha vagere paNa bhArata sAthe joDAyAM. zAmaLadAsa gAMdhInA pramukhapada nIce traNa sabhyAnI vahIvaTI

Page #206
rAjyataMtra 181 samiti racavAmAM AvI. tyAMnI prajAnA cuMTAyelA pratinidhionA nirNayathI navembara, 1949 mAM jUnAgaDha paNa saurASTra rAjya sAthe joDAyuM. 24 zAmaLadAsa gAMdhIne saurASTra sarakAramAM pradhAna tarIke samAveza karavAmAM AvyuM. vahIvaTI mALakhuM lagabhaga tamAma rAjya saurASTra rAjya sAthe joDAI jatAM enA vahIvaTI nALakhAnuM punargaThana karavAmAM AvyuM. saurASTranA pradezane jhAlAvADa gehilavADa soraTha hAlAra ane madhya saurASTra ema pAMca jillAomAM vaheMcI nAkhavAmAM AvyuM. jillAone tAlukAomAM vaheMcavAmAM AvyA. dareka jillA ane tAlukAmAM ekasarakhuM vahIvaTItaMtra dAkhala karavAmAM AvyuM. I. sa. 1950nI 26mI jAnyuArIe bhAratanA navA baMdhAraNane amala zarU thatAM saurASTra ba" vagaranuM rAjya banyuM. vividha kSetre sudhAre I. sa. 195ra mAM prathama sAmAnya cUMTaNI thatAM keMgresane jaMgI bahumatI maLI. rAjAonuM baLa ochuM thayuM. lekazAhI saMsthAone vikAsa thaye. sarakArI nekarIomAM bharatI ane baDhatI mATe jAhera sevA paMca(pablika sarvisa kamizana)nI racanA thaI. sarakArI nokarone salAmatInI khAtarI ApavAmAM AvI. eksarakhAM pagAradhAraNa dAkhala karavAmAM AvyAM. nyAyataMtranI navaracanA karavAmAM AvI. saurASTramAM vaDI adAlata(hAIkoTa)nI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI. vividha rAjyamAMnI relaveone eka taMtra nIce mUkvAmAM AvI. saurASTra sarakAranuM gejheTa prasiddha thavA mAMDyuM. badhA pradezamAM ekasarakhA kAyadA dAkhala karavAmAM AvyA. pilIsataMtrane Adhunika sAdhanothI sajaja karavAmAM AvyuM. bahAravaTiyAonI ToLIone jera karavAmAM AvI. bahAravaTiyA bhUpate thoDA samaya sudhI sanasanATI macAvI, paraMtu aMte ene pAkistAna nAsI javAnI pharaja paDI. dezI rAjyomAM je vadhAre paDatA lAgI ane karaverA hatA te nAbUda karavAmAM AvyA. veThaprathA aspRzyatA vagere paNa kAyadAo dvArA dUra karavAmAM AvyAM. samAja-kalyANanI pravRttione prAdhAnya maLyuM. pragatizIla kAyadA khetIvADInA kSetre khAsa sudhArA amalamAM mukAyA. I. sa. 1951 mAM saurASTra-jamInasudhAraNa dhArAthI girAsadArI-prathA nAbUda karI kheDe tenI jamInanI

Page #207
182 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI nIti apanAvI. rAjyanI badhI ja jamIna mahesUla ugharAvavAne pAtra banI 25 1951 thI saurASTra-bArakhalI-nAbUdI dhAre paNa amalamAM AvyA. 1lpara mAM saurASTra-milakta-japtIne kAyade karavAmAM AvyuM, jenAthI rAjyanI tamAma paDatara jamIna, rastA, jAhera sthaLo, jAhera maMdiro, jAhera zALAo vagere upara rAjyanI mAlikI sthapAI. A traNe kAyadAothI girAsadAronA adhikAra ochA thayA ane kheDUtone lAbha thaze. sarakAre kheDUtone biyAraNa ane tagAvI ApavAnI nIti apanAvI. khetIvADImAM saMzodhana ane prayogone protsAhana ApyuM. keTalIka nadIo para baMdha bAMdhIne vidyuta tathA siMcAInI janAo zarU karI. 1949 mAM vaTahukama dvArA paMcAyatadhArAne amala zarU thaze. aneka gAmaDAM. emAM paMcAyate sthapAvA lAgI. e paMcAyatone pravRttio mATe sattAo ane nANAMkIya madadanI jogavAI thaI. dareka paMcAyatanA maMtrI ane talATIne pagAra sarakAre ApavAnuM TharAvyuM. 26 paMcAyatanI mAphaka sahakArI maMDaLIone lagatA kAyado paNa thayuM. pariNAme aneka sahakArI maMDaLIo sthapAI Ama, vividha kAyadAothI saurASTramAM krAMtikArI sudhArA thayA. khetI ane kheDUtanI sthiti sudharavA mAMDI. khAdI grAmodyoga ane aspRzyatAnivAraNanA kAyane vega maLe. zALAo pustakAlayo vAcanAlaya kUvAo rastAo davAkhAnAo vidyutagharo vagerenI saMkhyA jhaDapathI vadhavA mAMDI. nIcalA vargonI sthitimAM sudhAro thayo. zeSaNa ane damana nAbUda karavAmAM AvyAM. vividha kSetromAM pragati moTA bhAganAM dezI rAjyamAM niHzulka zikSaNa apAtuM hatuM, paraMtu saurASTra sarakAre zikSaNa phI dAkhala karatAM vidyAthIonuM Adelana thayuM.27 1954 mAM ucharaMgarAya DhebaranI hiMdI rASTriya mahAsabhAnA pramukha tarIke varaNI thatAM rasikalAla umedacaMda parIkha saurASTranA mukhya pradhAna banyA. teo Disembara, 1954 thI oNkaTobara, 1956 sudhI A pada para rahyA. 28 rastAo siMcAI vidyutamathake hospiTale sahakArI mile khetI zikSaNa Arogya vAhanavyavahAra udyoga vepAra baMdaravikAsa jAhera-bAMdhakAma vagere ghaNuM kSetramAM saurASTra pragati sAdhI. vilInIkaraNa gujarAta mahArASTra ane muMbaInuM saMyukta dvibhASI rAjya 1 lI navembara, 1956 nA roja astitvamAM AvyuM. saurASTra emAM vilIna banyu.

Page #208
rAjyataMtra 183 Ama, 1948 thI 1956 daramyAna saurASTramAM rAjakIya ane vahIvaTI ekatA siddha thaI tathA vividha kSetromAM vikAsane pAye nakhAya. (I) bRhad muMbaI rAjyamAM (1947 thI 1960) 1947mAM bhArata deze svataMtratA prApta karyA pachI briTiza vahIvaTItaMtranuM mALakhuM bhAratane vArasAmAM maLyuM. 1947 pahelAM rAjakIya daSTie hiMdanA be vibhAga hatAbriTiza hiMda ane dezI rAjya. 1 lI navembara, 1950 nA roja bhAratanI pArlAmenTa bhASAkIya dharaNe rAjyanI punararacanA karI, muMbaI ane vidarbhanAM be rAjyone eka karIne sTeTa oNpha e astitvamAM ApyuM. rAjya sarakAra ane enuM vahIvaTItaMtra rAjyamAM keMdra sarakAranI jema javAbadAra sarakAra dAkhala karavAmAM AvI. dareka rAjyamAM baMdhAraNIya vaDA tarIke gavarnaranI niyukti thaI muMbaInA rAjyamAM dhArAsabhAnAM be gRha hatAMH vidhAna-pariSada ane vidhAnasabhA kArobArI mATe maMtrI-maMDaLanI racanA thatI. rAjyanuM jillAo(DisTro)mAM vibhAjana karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. dareka rAjya aneka jillAomAM vibhakta hatuM. jillA vahIvaTI vaDe kalekaTara ane DisTrikaTa maeNjisTreTa hate. kalekaTara beDa opha revanyune javAbadAra hatuM ane e dvArA siMcAI kRSi ane vanavibhAga sivAyanA viSayomAM mahesUlaugharANI ane jamIna sAthe saMkaLAyelI bAbate mATe e sarakAra sAthe saMkaLAyela hate. DisTrikaTa maeNjisTreTa tarIke kalekaTarane kAyado ane vyavasthA jALavavAnI ane phojadArI vahIvaTItaMtranI javAbadArI hatI. A mATe polIsa suparinTenDenTa ane enA hAtha nIcenuM polIsadaLa kalekaTaranA tAbAmAM ane nirIkSaNa nIce hatAM, paraMtu zistanI bAbatamAM ane Tekanikala nirIkSaNa mATe suparinTenDenTa e ispekaTara-janarala oNpha pilIsane javAbadAra hatA. kalekTarane enA kAryamAM madada karavA aneka AsisTanTa (madadanIza) ke DepyuTI klekTare hatA temaja bIjA aneka jillAadhikArIo niSNAta tarIke madada karatA hatA. | vahIvaTI sugamatA mATe jillAne peTA vibhAgamAM vibhakta karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A mATe saba-Divijhanala maeNjisTreTa hatA.

Page #209
184 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI peTA vibhAga ke saba-Divijhanane tAlukA ke tahasIle ke mahAlemAM vibhakta karavAmAM AvatA. nyAyataMtra dareka rAjyanuM nyAyataMtra hAIkorTanA hAtha nIce hatuM. bhAratanA navA baMdhAraNa anusAra suprIma korTa astitvamAM AvavAne kAraNe hAIkorTanI sattAne thoDI asara pahoMcI hatI. sAmAnya rIte hAikorTanA kAryakSetramAM rAjyane vistAra Avate. hAikorTe pAse rAjyanI badhI ja adAlate ane Tribyunale upara nirIkSaNanI sattA hatI. hAIkorTanI salAha laI gavarnara DisTrikaTa jajonI nimaNUka karate. e ja pramANe "sTeTa pablika sarvisa kamizana" ane "hAIkeTa sAthe masalata karIne DisTrikTa jaje sivAyanA nyAyataMtramAM gavarnara nimaNUka kara. dareka jillAmAM eka sivila keTa hatI ane ene vaDe DisTrikaTa jaja hate. enA hAtha nIce kramika rIte dIvAnI nyAyataMtranA karmacArIo AvatA hatA. DisTrikaTanA phojadArI dAvAo mATe sezansa jaja paNa hatuM. sezansa jajane keTalIka vAra eNDizanala(vadhArAne) ke AsisTanTa(madadanIza) sezansa jaje madada karatA. A adhikArIo hAIkorTanA ja hAthe nIce hatA ane tulanAtmaka rIte kArobArIthI svataMtra hatA. meTe bhAge teo vadhAre gaMbhIra prakAranA gunAonA kesa ja hAthamAM letA hatA. maeNjisTreTanAM sattAo ane kAryonA be bhAga pADavAmAM AvyA hatA: (1) nyAyane lagatAM ane (2) nyAya sivAyanAM. jeo nyAyane lagatuM kArya karatA te badhA ja hAIkorTanI sattA nIce hatA ane jeo kAyadAnI bAbatamAM kSamatA dharAvatA hoya te ja maeNjisTreTa banI zaktA.30 omega Blauall (Public Services ) muMbaI rAjyamAM pablika sarvisa kamizana" hatuM ke jemAM mukhya be bhASA hatI : marAThI ane gujarAtI. enA ceramena ane bIjA sabhyonI nimaNUka gavarnara karate. enuM mukhya kArya rAjyamAM AvelI badhI ja dIvAnI sevAo tema heddAo mATe vyaktionI pasaMdagI karavAnI ane jAhera sevAo mATe rAjyasarakArane salAha ApavAnI hatI.

Page #210
rAjyataMtra 185 pablika sarvisa Imizana dvArA thatI spardhAtmaka parIkSAonA pAyA para badhI zAkhAmAmAM bharatI karavAmAM AvatI. sAvajanika sevA, siMcAI, vanavibhAga, khetIvADI, jAhera svAsthya, keLavaNI, pazucikitsA, noMdhaNI, sahakArI kSetra, kAma ane rASTriya vikAsa jevI sarakArI Teknikala zAkhAe rAjyamAM AvelI hatI.31 sthAnika svarAjyanI sasthAo sthAnika agAnA vizALa dRSTie be prakAra hatA : nagarIya ane grAmINu. moTAM nagarAmAM korporezanA ane madhyama kadanAM tathA nAnAM nagarAmAM myunisipala kamiTIe ane orDA racavAmAM AvyAM. grAmINa vistAranI nAgarika jarUriyAtAnu dhyAna rAkhavAnuM krisTrikTa ke tAlukA khArDo ane grAma-paMcAyatAne sAMpavAmAM Avyu ane teonuM kAya kSetra tenI sarahado sudhI nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM. DisTrikTa TAuna(nagarA)mAM korporezanAne myunisipAliTIo karatAM vadhAre sattA ane mobhA hatAM. enA cUMTAyelA pramukha 'meyara' tarIke oLakhAtA. korporezananA kAya kSetranI nIcenA siTInuM vahIvaTItaMtra traNa sattAone adhIna hatuM : (1) janarala kAunsila, (2) kAunsilanI sTaeNnDiMga kamiTI, (3) kamizanara. kamizanara sivAyanA badhA ja adhikArIonI nimaNUka janarala kAunsila karatI. kamizanaranI nimaNUka rAjya sarakAra karatI. sTaeNnDiMga kamiTInA kArya kSetramAM karaverA, vittavyavasthA, enjiniyariMga kAme, svAsthya ane keLavaNI hatAM, kami zanaranA kSetramAM kAya`pAlakanu kAya" hatu. korporezana nAgarikAnAM salAmatI svAsthya keLavaNI ane bIjI savalatA uparAMta korporezana nagaranA rastA ane pulo, vRkSAvALA mArgo ane bagIcAo, Ana MdapramodanAM sthAnA ane bajArAnI vyavasthA karatu. 32 nAnAM nagarA ane DisTrikaTa TAunomAM cUMTAyelI myunisipAlaTIo kArpArezananAM jevAM kAya` karatI. emAM cUMTAyelA pramukho ane samitie hatAM. myunisipAliTIonA kAya kSetramAM saphAIkAma ane svAsthya mATenAM pagalAM bharavAM, mRtyu pAmelAonI vyavasthA ane janmamaraNanI noMdha, jAhera rastAnAM bAMdhakAma marAmata ane sudhAraNA, saDhAsa gaTara vagere, sAvajanika haoNspiTala ane davAnI vyavasthA, prAthamika keLavaNI, gunAhita ke bhayakArika vepArI aMge niyamano, pANInA yogya puravaThAnI vyavasthA vagere hatAM. myunisipAliTI potAne khace ane

Page #211
186 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jokhame pustakAlaya, myujhiyame, ArAmagRho ane jAhera makAna bAMdhI zaktI, nAgarikenI sukhAkArI mATe sArvajanika udyAne-bagIcAo, jAhera mArgo jevAM kAya paNa karI zaktI. | DisTrikaTa behanuM mukhya kArya prAthamika ane mAdhyamika keLavaNI mATe jogavAI karavAnuM hatuM. gherI mArgo sivAya rastA banAvavAnuM ane jALavavAnuM temaja jAhera Arogya ane dharmAdA saMsthAo grAmINa vistAramAM sAcavavAnuM kAma eNe karavAnuM hatuM. cUMTAyelA pramukhanA hAtha nIce kAyamI sekreTarI ke kamizanara vahIvaTIkArya saMbhALatA hatA. A uparAMta enjiniyara, heltha-oNphisaro ane aspekaTara vagere adhikArI hatA. DisTrikaTa borDa samiti dvArA kArya karatuM.34 | rAjya prAma-paMcAyate sthApavAnI javAbadArI levAnI hatI. grAmasabhAo dvArA paMcAyatanI cUMTaNI gAmanA badhA pukhta vayanA nAgariko dvArA thatI. grAma-paMcAyatane davAnI vyavasthA prasUtigRhe ane bALasvAstha gocarabhUminI vyavasthA rastAo taLo ane kUvAo Arogyapada vyavasthAo gaTaravyavasthA vagere kAryo karavAnAM hatAM. keTalAka sthaLe prAthamika keLavaNI, dastAvejonI jALavaNI ane jamIna mahesUlanI ugharANuM paMcAyatane seMpavAmAM AvatI hatI. phaMDa bheguM karavA ghare ane jamIne, meLAo ane utsa, mAlanAM vecANa ekaTroya vagere upara kara nAkhavAnI ene sattA hatI. paMcAyatane nyAyanA kAryamAM madada karavA keTalAMka sthaLoe nyAya-paMcAyate sthApavAmAM AvI hatI, jenA sabhya grAma-paMcAyatamAMthI cUMTavAmAM AvatA 35 dhI bombe rI-orgenAIjhezana bila, 1960) 28 mI mArca, 1960 nA roja lokasabhAmAM A bila rajU karavAmAM AvyuM ane 31 mI mArca, 1960 nA roja saMsadanAM baMne gRhonI saMyukta samitione soMpavAmAM AvyuM, jemAM 1 lI me, 1960 thI gujarAtanA navA rAjyanI racanA mATenI vigate hatI. e samayanA muMbaI rAjyanA 17 DisTrikuTa, jevA ke amadAvAda bharUca DAMga jAmanagara junAgaDha kaccha kheDA mahesANA paMcamahAla rAjakoTa amarelI bhAvanagara banAsakAMThA vaDodarA sAbarakAMThA surata ane sureMdranagara,

Page #212
rAjyataMtra 187 thANu DisTrikaTanA umaragAMvanAM 50 gAme, pazcima khAnadezanA tAlukA-navApura naMdarabAra akaklakUvA ane taloDAnAM 156 gAme navA gujarAta rAjyamAM pheravavAnAM hatAM. Ama, 1 lI me, 1960 nA roja mahArASTra ane gujarAta' ema be rAjya astitvamAM AvyA 36 lorella (Districts) 1. jAmanagara jillo agAunA hAlAra jillAmAMthI banela A jillAnI uttara-pazcime Avele okhAmaMDaLa tAluke pahelAM amarelI jillAne bhAga hatuM. A jillAnI racanA 1959 mAM navAnagara dhoLa dhrAphA thANAM ane jALiyA-devANInA pradezamAMthI karavAmAM AvI hatI.37 2. rAjakoTa jillo 1948 mAM saurASTranA saMyukta rAjyanI racanA thaI tyAre emAM madhya saurASTrane jille hate. e pahelAMnAM dezI rAjya geMDaLa jetapura rAjakeTa vAMkAnera mALiyA keTaDA-sAMgANI ane bIjA tAlukAo ane rajavADAMone baneluM hatuM. thoDA samayamAM emAM pahelAMnA navAnagara rAjyanA ATakeTa paDadharI ane jAmakaMDoraNA umeravAmAM AvyAM ane traNa gAma muMbaI rAjyanA amarelI jillA sAthe joDI devAmAM AvyAM. 1959mAM rAjakoTa jillAnI punarracanA thaI ane e samaye kuMkAvAva-vaDiyA tAlukAnAM 14 gAma ane bAbarA tAlukAnAM 10 gAma amarelI jillA sAthe joDavAmAM AvyAM.38 3. surendranagara jile e agAunA jhAlAvADa jillAmAMthI thaye. 15-4-1948 nA roja rAjyanI punararacanAnA pariNAme dezI rAjya, jevAM ke dhrAMgadhrA lIMbaDI vaDhavANu lakhatara sAyalA cUDA muLI bajANA pATaDI ane thANAM, jevAM ke vANaMda viThThalagaDha jainAbAda rAjapura ANaMdapura-pAna AnaMdapura-bhADalA coTIlA bhaIka jhIMjhuvADA dasADA ane paisA ukAlIne bhAga e saurASTranA pahelAMnA rAjyamAM joDI devAyuM hatuM te ane jhAlAvADa jillAne pahelAMnA bhAgane emAM samAveza karavAmAM, - Avyo. 1956 mAM rAjyonI punararacanA thatAM e muMbaI rAjyane eka bhAga

Page #213
188 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI bane ane ene 18-6-158 thI "suredranagara jille" nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM.39 4. bhAvanagara jillA e agAunA gohilavADa jillAmAMthI thaye. e saurASTra dvIpakalpanI dakSiNapUrve AveluM che. 1948 mAM saurASTra rAjayamAM dezI rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa thayuM tyAre bhAvanagara pAlItANA lAThI vaLA jApharAbAda rAyasAMkaLI rAjyo ane ejansIvistAro, jevA ke senagaDha dedANa ane lAkhApAdaramAMthI A jillAnI racanA karavAmAM AvI hatI tenuM nAma gehilavADa jilla' ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane e saurASTranA pATa bI'nA pAMca jillAomAMne eka hatA. ghodhA e pahelAM amadAvAda jillAne eka bhAga hatuM paraMtu AjhAdInI prApti pachI ene samAveza amarelI jillAmAM karavAmAM AvyuM ane chevaTe rAjyanI punarracanA pachI 1949mAM ene bhAvanagara jillAmAM joDI devAmAM AvyuM. 1-7-159 nA roja saurASTranA jillAonI punarracanAnA samaye meTA pAyA para bhAvanagara ane amarelI jillAonI sarahadomAM pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyA. rAjulA ane lAliyA mahAlanAM lagabhaga badhAM ja gAma, Akho jApharAbAda mahAla temaja kuMDalA tAlukA ane umarALA gaDhaDA mahAlanAM bahu ja thoDAM gAma bhAvanagara jillAmAMthI laI amarelI jillAmAM joDI ene vizALa banAvavAmAM Abe, jyAre ghoghA mahAla amarelI jillAmAMthI laI bhAvanagara jillAmAM joDavAmAM Avyo. tene "bhAvanagara jilla" nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM.40 5. amarelI jillo e agAu vaDodarA rAjyane prAMta hato. A jille saLaMga nahote, paraMtu koDInAra tAlukA ane jillAnA bAkInA bhAganI vacce jUnAgaDha jillAne UnA tAluko AvatuM hatuM. rAjulA jApharAbAda ane koDInAra tAlukA samudrakinAre AvelA hatA. 151 nI vastI-gaNatarI vakhate amarelI jillAmAM amarelI ane okhAmaMDaLa vibhAga ke je pahelAMnA vaDodarA rAjyanA bhAga hatA tene tathA amadAvAda jillAnA vA mahAlane paNa samAveza thato hato. 159 mAM jillAonI punararacanA pachI A jillAmAM cha tAlukA ane cAra mahAla hatA.'

Page #214
1 rAjyata tra 6, jUnAgaDha jillA e agAunA seAraDa jillA hatA. e gujarAta rAjyanA rAjakoTa DivijhananA jillAmAMnA eka hatA. AjhAdIprApti pachI porabaMdaranuM dezI rAjya saurASTra rAjyamAM joDAyuM. 1947 pahelAM mAMgaroLa mANAvadara bAMTavA saradAragaDha ane khIlakhA sAraThane bhAga hatAM, paraMtu 1949 mAM emAMthI jUnAgaDha jillo astitvamAM AvyA. e samayanA jillAmAM pahelAMnA dezI rAjyAnA pradeza, jevAM ke jUnAgaDha porabaMdara mANAvadara mAMgarALa khaDhavA(khaDA majima) bAMTavA(chATA majima) mANapura thUM bALA saradAragaDha khIlakhA ane gAMDaLanA thADA bhAga ane jetapuranAM rAjya tathA lAkhApAdara thANuM AvelAM hatAM. 1956 mAM saurASTranuM muMbaI rAjyamAM joDANa thatAM A jillA muMbaI rAjyanA bhAga banyA. 1959 mAM sauzaSTranA jillAonI punaHracanA thatAM sAraDha jillAne 30-6-1959 pachI 'jUnAgaDha jillA' nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM.4 42 7. kaccha jillA gujarAta rAjyanA uttara-pazcima bhAgamAM AvelA A jillA agAu keMdra sarakAranA vahIvaTa nIce hatA. A jillAnI racanA kacchanuM rAjya ane pahelAMnA mAramInA dezI rAjyanAM 10 gAme mAMthI karavAmAM AvI hatI. 1947 pachI e 'sI' prakAranA rAjyanA bhAga banyuM hatuM. 1956 pachInI punaHracanA daramyAna kaccha muMbaI rAjyanA bhAga banyu. ane 1960 mAM e gujarAta rAjyane eka jillo banyuM.4 43 8. banAsakAMThA jillA A jillA banAsa nadInI baMne bAju AvelA hatA. 1948 mAM pAlanapura rAdhanapura dAMtA tharAda ane vAva diyAdara tharAnI jAgIrA tathA jUnA ejansInAM gAma, jevAM ke bhAbhara diyodara sirAhI varAhI ane sAMtalapura temaja sUI gAmanA peTA thANAnA vilInIkaraNathI astitvamAM AvyA hatA. A jillA gujarAtanA uttara-pazcima bhAgamAM Avela che.44

Page #215
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 9. sAbarakAMThA jillo : oNgasTa, 1949mAM aneka dezI rAjyanA vilInIkaraNa dvArA muMbaI rAjyamAM A jille astitvamAM AvyuM. AMbaliyArA mohanapura mAlapura bAyaDa ane pahelAMnA pazcima bhAratanAM rAjyanI ejansInAM sAdarA DivijhananAM rAjyane A jillAmAM joDI devAmAM AvyAM hatAM. A jillAmAM 29 rAjya joDavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. pahelAnA amadAvAda jillAnA prAMtIja ane meDIsA tAlukA paNa emAM umeravAmAM AvyA hatA. 1951 thI 1961 daramyAna keI prAdezika pheraphAra A jillAmAM thayA nahatA. 1951 thI thayelA sarve pramANe emAM 74592 ce. ki.mI. (288 ce.mA.)ne vistAra umeravAmAM AvyuM hate.45 10, mahesANA jillA * gujarAta rAjyanA uttara bhAganA jillAomAMne A eka jille che. 1949mAM vaDodarA rAjya muMbaI rAjyamAM bhaLyuM tyAM sudhI e vaDedarA rAjyane eka prAMta hate. enuM mukhya mathaka mahesANA hatuM. 1960 mAM A jille gujarAta rAjyamAM bhaLe tyAre pahelAMnA vaDodarA rAjyanA mahesANA prAMtanAM kada ane vistAra tenAM te ja rahyAM hatAM. apavAdarUpe dahegAma ane AMtarasUbAne anukrame amadAvAda ane kheDA jillAmAM joDavAmAM AvyAM hatAM ane e sAthe banAsakAMThAne samI tAluke A jillAmAM joDI devAmAM AvyA hatA.46 11. amadAvAda jillA pahelAMnA vaDedarA rAjyanA dahegAma tAlukA sivAyane amadAvAdanI AsapAsane vistAra pahelA bee provinsano ane pachI muMbaI rAjyane jile hato. 1949 mAM enI sAthe hAlane amadAvAda jille astitvamAM AvyuM. mahesulI vahIvaTItaMtranI daSTie A jillAne traNa sabaDivijhane, cha tAlukAo ane eka mahAlamAM vibhakta karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. te vibhAge nIce pramANe che: - (1) amadAvAda siTI sabaDivijhananuM amadAvAda siTI, . (2) vIramagAma sabaDivijhananA tAlukAomAM vIramagAma dasakroI dahegAma, (3) dhoLakA sabaDivijhananA tAlukAomAM sANaMda gheLakA dhaMdhukA.

Page #216
rAjyataMtra . ' 12. kheDA jillo che. muMbaI rAjyanA vaDedarA DivijhananA jillAomAM A eka jille hate. ene dakSiNa-pUrvane vizALa vistAra mahI nadIne kinAre ane uttara-pazcima bhAga cheka khaMbhAtanA akhAta sudhI vistarato hate. pahelAMnAM khaMbhAta vADAzinora punAdrA khaDAla ghoDAsara dezI rAjya, jhAra ane niramAlI bina-adhikAra kSetravALAM, mULa vaDodarA khaMbhAta ane vADAzineranAM dezI rAjyonA peTalAda khaMbhAta ane vADAsinora tAlukA, pahelAMnA vaDodarA rAjyanA AMtarasUbA tAlukAnAM 38 gAma ane amadAvAda jillAnAM cha gAmane A jillAmAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo hato. sAbarakAMThA jillAnA eka gAmane ane amadAvAda jillAnAM be gAma emAM joDI devAmAM AvyAM hatAM. 1951 pachI emAM koI prAdezika pheraphAro thayA nathI.48 13. paMcamahAla jillo gujarAta rAjyanI pUrva sarahade Avela A jille muMbaI rAjyanA vaDodarA DivijhananA jillAomAMne eka hato. 1945 mAM bharUca ane paMcamahAlanA saMyukta jillAone vibhakta karavAmAM AvyA tyAre paMcamahAla jillAmAM nIcenA tAlukA hatA : dAhoda(dehada) gedharA hAlela jhAleda ane kAlela, 1947 mAM pahelAMnAM dezI rAjya luNAvADA bAriyA ane saMta (saMtarAma pura) emAM umeravAmAM AvyAM ane e sAthe 5DumevAsanAM zeDAM gAma ane vaDodarAmAMthI eka gAma emAM joDavAmAM AvyAM. A jillAmAMthI cha gAma sAbarakAMThA jillAne ane eka vaDodarA jillAne ApavAmAM AvyAM.49 : 14, vaDodarA jillo muMbaI rAjyanA vaDodarA DivijhananA jillAomAM A eka jile hatuM. A jille pahelAMnA vaDedarA rAjyanA vaDodarA prAMta temaje pahelAnAM dezI rAjya choTAudepura saMkheDA mevAsa pAMDu-mevAsa ane bhAdaraNane banela hato.pa0

Page #217
192 AjhAdI pahelA ane pachI 15. bharUca jile gujarAta rAjyanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM A jille Avela che. 1945 mAM bharUca ane paMcamahAlanA saMyukta jillA vibhakta karavAmAM AvyA tyAre bharUca jillAmAM aMklezvara bharUca jaMbusara ane vAdharA tAlukA hatA. 1941-51 nA samaya daramyAna pahelAMnuM rAjapIpaLAnuM dezI rAjya, vaDedarAnAM cAra gAma ane pazcima khAnadeza(have mahArASTra rAjyane dhULiyA jille)nAM be gAma emAM joDavAmAM AvyAM temaja A jillAmAMthI ra4 gAma suratamAM ane eka gAma pazcima khAnadezanA jillAne ApavAmAM AvyAM.55 16. surata jille gujarAta rAjyanA cheka dakSiNe Avela A jille hato. A jillAmAM 16 tAlukA ane pAMca mahAla hatA. pahelAMnA muMbaI provinsanA surata jillAmAM bAraDolI valasADa cIkhalI coryAsI mAMDavI olapADa pAraDI ane jalAlapura e ATha tAlukA hatA ane vaDane eka mahAla hato. pahelAMne vaDodarA rAjyane navasArI prAMta emAM joDavAmAM AvatAM bIjA pAMca tAlukA jevA ke mArA kAmareja mahavA mAMgaroLa ane senagaDha emAM umeravAmAM AvyA ane e sAthe gaNadevI ane palasANA mahAla paNa emAM joDavAmAM AvyA. pahelAMnA surata jillAne jannAlapura ane pahelAMnA vaDodarA rAjyane navasArI tAluko joDIne navasArI tAlukA racavAmAM AvyuM. dharamapuranA dezI rAjyamAMthI dharamapura tAluko banyA ane vAMsadA rAjyamAMthI vAMsadA tAluke banyuM ane sacIna rAjyanAM 18 gAma A tAlukAnA coryAzI tAlukA sAthe joDI devAmAM AvyAM. muMbaI rAjyanA 1960 mAM thayelA vibhAjanamAM be mahAla, jemake (1) dhULiyA(pazcima khAnadeza) tAlukAnAM 38 gAma ane senagaDha tAlukAnAM 28 gAma bhegA karI ucchala mahAla, ane (2) dhULiyA(pazcima khAnadeza) jillAnA akkalakUvA taLada ane naMdarabAra tAlukA bhegA karI nijhara mahAla racavAmAM AvyuM. pahelAnA thANA jillAnA uMbaragAma tAlukAnAM 50 gAma paNa A jillAmAM joDavAmAM AvyAM.

Page #218
rAjyataMtra 13 pAdaTIpa 1. goviMdabhAI hAthIbhAI desAI, gujarAtane arvAcIna ItihAsa, pR. 385 2. Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. I, pp. 84 ff. 3. Ibid., Vol. 4, pp. 88 ff. 4. Ibid, Vol. I. p. 92 5. Ibid., Vol. 4, pp. 115 f. 6. Ibid. Vol. I, pp, 118 ff. 7. Ibid, Vol. , pp. 122 ff. 8. Ibid, Vol. I, pp. 238 ff. 9. Ibid, Vol. J. pp. 268 ff. 10. Ibid, Vol. I, pp. 287 ft. 11. Ibid, Vol. I, pp. 304 ff. 12. Ibid, Vol. I. pp. 325 ft. 13. jazavaMtasiMha ha. TApariyA, "amaracaritra, pR. 121 98. P.L. Chudgar, 'Indian Princes Under British Protection,' pp. 230 f. 94. Ladhahhai H. Parmar, 'The Rewakantha Directory' Vol. II, pp. 220 ft. 16. C. Mayne, 'History of the Dhrangadhra State, p. 213 90. 'An Account of Shree Bhagvat Sinhjee Golden Jubilee Celebra tions,' p. 28 16. Rajkot District Gazetteer,' p. 57 14. Elizabeth Sharpe, Thakore Sahib Shree Sir Daulatsingh of Limbdi,' p. 130 20. zivaprasAda rAjagora, "arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa, pR. rara7 22. Gujarat State Gazetteers (GSG), Bhavnagar District, p. 86 22. bhArata sarakAre 26mo baMdhAraNIya sudhAro karIne tA. 28mI Disembara, 1971thI A sAliyANAM ane viziSTa adhikAra nAbUda karyA che. lagabhaga 23 varSa sudhI rAjAoe A adhikAro bhogavyA. 23. GSG : Junagadh District. p. 174 2x. Ibid., p. 183 24. GSG : Surendranagar District. p. 476 26. kAMtilAla zAha, "saurASTramAM gAMdhIjI, pR. 304 27. zivaprasAda rAjagora, uparyukta, pR. 286 28, "svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanA laDavaiyA," paricaya graMtha 1, pR. 243 29. India, 1957, p. 386 60. Ibid , pp. 393 f. - 13

Page #219
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 31. Ibid., pp. 395 f. 32. Ibid. p. 398 53. Ibid., p. 399 38. Ibid., p. 399 gu. Ibid., pp. 396 ff. 34. India 1960, p. 549 39, Census 1961, Handbook-1, pp. 3-4 36. Ibid., Handbook-2, pp. 3-5 34. Ibid., Handbook-3, pp. 3-4 8o. Ibid., Handbook-4, pp. 3-4 81. Ibid., Handbook-5, pp. 3-5 82. Ibid., Handbook-6, pp. 3-5 X3. Ibid., Handbook-7, pp. 3-6 88. Ibid., Handbook-8, pp.3-6 14. Ibid., Handbook-9, pp. 3-5 Ye. Ibid., Handbook-10, pp. 3-6 89. Ibid , Handbook-11, pp. 3-6 86. Ibid. Handbo:8k-12, pp. 3-6 82. Ibid., Handbook-13, pp. 3-5 40. Ibid., Handbook-14, pp. 3-5 41 Ibid., Handbook-15, pp. 3-6

Page #220
pariziSTa sikkA briTiza rAjyanA sikkA IsvI 1915-1960 nA samaya paikI svAtaMtryaprApti pachInAM traNa varSo sudhI eTale ke 1950 sudhI gujarAtamAM phakta briTiza rAjyanA sikkA ja pracalita hatA, kAraNa ke ghaNAMkharAM dezI rAjyanAM calaNa 1906 mAM ane tAMbAnAM 1908 mAM sadaMtara baMdha thayAM hatAM.' 1915 mAM paMcama jane rAjyakAla cAlu hate. enA rUpiyA, aradhA, cAra AnA tathA be AnAnuM varNana 8 mA graMthamAM apAI gayuM che. A paikI cAMdInA aradhA, be AnA tathA cAra AnA 1918 mAM baMdha thaI konila(tAMbA-nikala)mAM paDavA lAgyA. vadhArAmAM karakariyAMvALo eka Ane paNa zarU thayo. goLa ATha AnAnI mukhya bAjue saheja UMcI kinArImAM januM tAyukta uttarAMga tathA aMgrejImAM nAma zahenazAha tarIkenA ullekha sAthe ApavAmAM AvatuM. bIjI bAjue bevaDI lITInA samacorasamAM karakariyAMvALA vartuLamAM madhyamAM AThane aMgrejI AMkaDa, nIce aMgrejImAM "AnAjha', upara AMkaDAmAM khristI varSa tathA 'inDiyA" zabda tathA samarasanI bahAra hiMdI urdU baMgALI tathA telugu zabdomAM mUlya darzAveluM hatuM. enuM vajana 120 greIna ane vyAsa 1" hatAM. aSTakoNa cAra AnA uparanAM lakhANa ATha AnA paranA jevAM ja, paraMtu kinAra karakariyAvALI ane vajana 110 greIna hatuM. be AnA samacorasa hatA. vajana 90 greIna tathA mA5 0.8 IMca hatuM. AnI mukhya bAjue saheja UMcI kinArImAM bevaDI lITInA vartuLamAM nAmAbhimukha tAjaputa jyajanuM uttarAMga, vartuLanI bahAra be bhAgamAM 1918 varSa, mathALe puSpanI nakazI tathA nIce aMgrejImAM "InDiyA" lakhANa hoya che. bIjI bAju cAra AnAnA prakAranI hoya che. eka Ane karakariyAMvALo, 60 greInane tathA 0.8 iMca vyAsane hate. mukhya bAju ATha AnAnA prakAranI, bIjI bAju samarasamAM

Page #221
196 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI aMgrejImAM ekaDo, enI aMte bAju e bhAgamAM aMgrejI zabda AnA', mathALe aMgrejImAM 'inDiyA', nIce khristI varSa' tathA cAre bAju maLI kha`gALI hiMdI urdU tathA aMgrejImAM zabdomAM mUlya darzAvAtuM. 1918 mAM enA sAnAnA sikkA paDelA, je 15 rUpiyAnuM mUlya dharAvatA. ko--nikalanA ATha AnA tathA cAra AnA anukrame 1919 tathA 1921 mAM baMdha thaI pharIthI cAMdImAM paDhavA zarU thayA. tAMbAnA paisA, aradhA paisA tathA pAinA sikkA prasaMgeApAtta pADavAmAM AvatA. paisAnI mukhya bAjue puSpakaLAnI kinArImAM rAjAnu vAmAbhimukha uttarAMga tathA nAma sAthe zahenazAha tarIke ullekha, bIjI bAju puSpakaLAnI kinArImAM puSpamALA, aMgrejImAM zabdomAM mUlya tathA AMkaDAnAM khristI varSI darzAvAtu. vajana 75 grena tathA vyAsa eka iMca hatA. ardhA paisA paNa AvA ja prakAranA, paraMtu 40 greina tathA 0.8 iMca vyAsanA hatA. pAI paNa A ja prakAranI, 22 greina tathA 0.65 IMcanI hatI. 1936 mAM 8 me eNDavarDa" gAdIe Avyo, paraMtu enA atya5 rAjyakAlanA koI sikkA jANavAmAM AvyA nathI. e ja sAlamAM pachI 6 ThTho jyAja gAdInazIna thayA. enA 1937 mAM rUpiyA sivAyanA badhA prakAranA sikkA paDavA, paraMtu rUpiyA 1940 mAM paDavo. bIjA vizvavigrahanA kAraNe cAMdInI kheMca paDI te sikkA pADavA mATe judI judI dhAtunA akhatarA karavAmAM AvyA. cAMdInA tAjayukta zISa' tathA puSpakaLAvALA rUpiyA upara vadeg 1938 darzAvAyuM che, chatAM kharekhara A sikkA 1940 mAM muMbaInI TakazALAmAM paDyA hatA. 2 1940 thI 1945 vacce rUpiyA, aradhA tathA pA rUpiyA mATe 50 cAMdI, 40 tAMbu, 5 nila, tathA pa TakA jhIkanI kivakasilvara nAmanI mizra dhAtu vaparAtI.3 1946 mAM AvI dhAtune badale cokhkhu nikala vaparAvA lAgyuM. niksanu drAvabiMdu UMcu` hovAthI banAvaTI sikkA pADavAnuM muzkela thatu. cAMdInA rUpiyAnI mukhya bAjue a`caMdra tathAM mIThAMnI kinArI vacce rAjAnuM tAjayukta vAmAbhimukha zI' tathA enA upara rAntanA nAma sAthe zahenazAha tarIke ullekha hoya che. bIjI bAju gulAba kamaLa cizala tathA rAmarAnAM pratIkeAnI banelI puSpamALA, aMgrejImAM zabdomAM mUlya, AMkaDAmAM khristI varSa tathA urdU zabdomAM mUlya hoya che. vajana 180 greina tathA vyAsa 1.2 IMca hoya che. ATha AnA tathA cAra AnA AvA ja prakAranA, paNa anukrame 90 tathA 45 greinanA ane 0.95 iMca tathA 0.75 iMca vyAsanA hAya che.

Page #222
sikkA | kivaka-silvaranA sikkA AvA ja prakAranA, paraMtu judA judA prakAranI kinArIvALA hoya che. cAra AnAne vyAsa 0.6 iMca hoya che. nikalanA sikkAonI kinArI UMcI tathA jADI hoya che. rUpiyAne vyAsa 1.05 IMca tathA bIjI bAjue DAbI tarapha cAlate vALavALa vAgha hoya che. aMgrejI hiMdI tathA udde zabdomAM mUlya, AMkaDAmAM varSa tathA aMgrejImAM "InDiyA" aMkti hoya che. ATha AnA tathA cAra AnA upayukta prakAranA ane cAra AnA 0.75 IMca vyAsanA heAya che. ka-nikalanA corasa be AnA upara mIMDAMvALA UMDA vartAlamAM rAjAnuM tAjayukta zIrSa, aMgrejImAM nAma tathA zahenazAha tarIke ullekha heAya che. cAre khUNAomAM suzobhita nakazI hoya che. bIjI bAju paNa evA ja vartuLamAM madhyamAM aMgrejImAM bagaDe, enI bAju karekhAmAM lakhele aMgrejImAM "AnA" zabda, khristI varSa (AMkaDAmAM), aMgrejImAM "inDiyA" tathA telugu urdu ane baMgALI zabdomAM mUlya darzAvyuM hoya che. khUNAomAM AlaMkArika nakazIo hoya che. vajana 90 greina tathA mApa 0.8 iMca hoya che. eka AnAne karakariyAMvALI kinArI heya che, vajana 60 greIna tathA vyAsa 0. 8 Ica. mukhya bAju be AnA jevI ja, bIjI bAju samarasa AkRtinI vacce aMgrejI ekaDo, enI AjubAju be bhAgamAM aMgrejI "AnAjha' zabda nIce khristI varSa AMkaDAmAM hoya che. 45 greina vajana tathA 0.7 Ica mApanA cerasa aradhA AnAnI mukhya bAju corasa be AnA jevI ja, paraMtu bIjI bAju eka AnAnA prakAranI hoya che. 1942 mAM ka-nilanA be AnA tathA AnA elyuminiyama tathA kAMsAnA paDavA lAgyA ane 1946 sudhI cAlu rahyA, paraMtu aradhA paisA 1943 mAM baMdha thayA.5 75 greIna vajana tathA eka Ica vyAsanA tAMbAnA pA AnAnI mukhya bAju ko-nila sikkA jevI, paraMtu puSpakaLInI kinArIvALI hoya che. bIjI bAju puSpamALA, aMgrejImAM zabdomAM mUlya tathA AMkaDAmAM khristI varSa hoya che. AvA ja prakArane 40 greIna vajana tathA 0.8 IMca vyAsane aradhe paise paNa hatuM. 1941 mAM pAtaLo ; Ane zarU tha. 2 greina vajana tathA 0.6pa IMca vyAsanA A sikakAnI mukhya bAju pA AnA jevI ja hatI, paraMtu bIjI bAjue mUlya AnAnA vibhAgamAM apUrNa kamAM darzAvAtuM. 1943 mAM A sikkA paNa paDavA baMdha thayA. e ja varSamAM tAMbAnI achatane pahoMcI vaLavA mATe 30 greIna vajana tathA 0.84 IMca vyAsane vacce kANAMvALo paise zarU thayo. mukhya bAjue vacce 0.37 IMca vyAsanuM kANuM

Page #223
188 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI rahetuM, tethI AjubAjunI paTTI upara drAkSanI velanI mALA AlekhAtI. bIjI bAju mathALe tAja, DAbI bAju aMgrejImAM ekaDe tathA 'pAsa' zabda ane jamaNI bAju 'inDiyA' zabda Avato. hiMdI tathA urdU zabdomAM paNa mUlya darzAvAtuM. nIce aMgrejI AMkaDAmAM varSa darzAvAtuM. upayuMkata prakAranA sikkA svAtaMtryaprApti pachI paDavA baMdha thayA. dezI rAjyanA sikkA sane 1876 mAM gujarAtanAM dezI rAjyo paikI phakta vaDodarA jUnAgaDha kaccha tathA navAnagaranA sikkA pADavAnA haka grAhya rahyA hatA. paraMtu 1876 mAM sarakAra tarapha evI darakhAsta rajU thaI ke je rAjya TaMkazALa baMdha karI sikkA pADavA mATe dhAtu sarakAramAM mekale ene vinAmUlya sikkA pADI ApavA. A vyavasthA 1893 mAM sarakAre baMdha karatAM dezI rAjyanA sikkAnuM avamUlyana thayuM ane tethI pitAnA sikkA sarakAra bajAra bhAve kharIdI le te pitAnA sikkA pADavAne haka jate karavA ghaNAM rAjya saMmata thayAM. A paristhitimAM kaccha rAjaye cAMdInA tathA vaDodarA ane jUnAgaDha rAjye tAMbAnA ja sikkA pADavAne haka rAkhe ane bhAratIya prajAsattAmAM bhaLatAM sudhI A kArya cAlu rAkhyuM." jUnAgaDhamAM 1911 thI 1947 sudhInA navAba mahAbatakhAna 4 thAnA rAjya amala daramyAna tAMbAnA dekaDA sivAya kaI sikkA pADavAmAM AvyA nathI. A sikkA upara mukhya bAjue phArasI lakhANa riyAsate jUnAgaDha tathA bIjI bAju nAgarImAM seraTha sarakAra, mUlya tathA vikrama saMvata darzAvAtAM. kacchamAM 1942 sudhI kheMgArajI 3 jA rAjya karatA hatA. emaNe 1942 mAM mukhya bAjue mahArAvanI pratikRtivALA dasakorInA sikkA pADyA hatA.8 te agAunA rAjavInA aDhI, pAMca tathA eka kerInA sikkA paNa kheMgArajInA samayamAM calaNamAM hatA. kheMgArajIe 7 mA eDavarDathI zarU karI cheka 6 ThThA ja sudhInA nAmanA sikkA pADyA hatA, ane 8mA eDavaDI ke jenA sikkA briTanamAM paNa paDayAnuM jANavAmAM nathI enA nAmanA sikkA paNa kheMgArajI 3 jA e pADavA che. te pachI 1942 thI 1947nA gALAmAM vijayarAjajIe 6ThThA peja ne nAme kerIo paDAvI hatI. chevaTe mahArAva madanasiMhajInA samayamAM svAtaMtryaprApti pachI emaNe mukhya bAjue nAgarImAM "nahindu tathA bIjI bAju mahArAvanuM nAma, khitAbe, kacchabhUja tathA (saMvata) 2004 lakhelA sikkA pADyA

Page #224
sikkA 199 hatA tathA jayahiMda prakAranI senAnI mahora paNa pADI hatI. A sikkA viziSTa prakAranA hoI AgavuM mahattva dharAve che. tAMbAnA Dhabu pADavAnI zarUAta kheMgArajI 3 jA e karI hatI, tenI kiMmata kerInA AThamA bhAganI hatI. tenAthI bamaNI kiMmatanA pAyalA tathA tenAthI paNa bamaNI kiMmatanA AdhIyA paNa emaNe pADyA hatA. lakhANamAM A badhA sikakA korIne maLatA AvatA. tathA bahudhA kaccha rAjyanA cihna trizalathI aMkti hatA. vijayarAjajI tathA madanasiMhajInA sikkA vacce eka nAnuM vartuLAkAra kANuM rAkhavAmAM AvatuM 11 vaDodarAmAM 1875 thI 1939 sudhI mahArAjA sayAjIrAva 3 jA rAjaya karatA hatA. emanA samayamAM sikkA uparanAM lakhANe phArasIne badale nAgarImAM thavA lAgyAM. senA tathA cAMdInA sikkAnI mukhya bAjue sayAjIrAva 3 jAnI chabI AlekhAtI 12 tathA pharatuM nAgarI lakhANamAM nAma darzAvAtuM. bIjI bAju mUlya, vikrama saMvata tathA kavacita "baDaudA lakhAtuM. tAMbAnA sikkAnI mukhya bAjue ghoDAnI kharI tathA kaTAra3 sUcaka cihno uparAMta rAjyaktanuM nAma tathA kauTuMbika khitAba darzAvatuM nAgarI lakhANa thatuM. bIjI bAju phUlavelanAM suzobhane vacce marAThImAM mUlya tathA vikrama saMvata darzAvAtAM. cAMdImAM rUpiyA, aradhA, cAra AnA, tathA be AnA ane tAMbAmAM be paisA paise tathA panA sikkA hatA. prajAsattAka bhAratanA sikkA 1947-50 daramyAna briTiza rAjyanA sikkA cAlu rahelA 4 prajAsattAka bhArate 1950 mAM sikkA pADavAnI zarUAta karI. prajAsattAka bhAratanA sikkA kiMmata dhAtu vajana tathA pitamAM mukhyatve briTizenA puragAmI sikakAonuM ja anukaraNa kare che. sikakA uparanAM cihna tathA lakhANomAM pheraphAra thavA chatAM A sikkA ekaMdare svataMtratAnI bhAvanAnuM saMpUrNa mane darzana karAvatA nathI. mukhya bAjue rAjAnA uttarAMga sthAne sAranAthanA azokastaMbhanA siMhazIrSanI pratikRti darzAvavAnuM zarU thayuM, paraMtu rAjAnA nAmane sthAne "gavarmenTa opha InDiyA" evuM lakhANa aMgrejImAM ja AlekhAyu. rUpiyA aradhA tathA pA rUpiyAnI bIjI bAju ghauMnI hUMDI darzAvAya che, paraMtu nAnA sikkAnI bIjI bAju vRSabha, Ubhe gheDo vagere maulika cihno darzAvAya che, ema chatAM badhA sikakAonI bIjI bAju khristI varSa, mUlya vagere darzAvavAmAM aMgrejI zabdo agara AMThAne upayoga paNa karavAmAM AvyuM.

Page #225
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI have A sikkAonu prakAravAra varNana karIzuM. rUpiyA aradhA tathA cAra AnA nilanA hoya tathA enAM cihno tathA lakhANA sarakhA prakAranAM hAya che. mukhya bAju saheja UMcI sAdI kinArI vacce sAranAthanuM aAkanu siMhasta bhazISa, enI nIce pAMcapAMkhiyA nAnA tArA, enI be bAjue vatu LAkAra lITI tathA aMgrejI lakhANa gavarnmenTa opha inDiyA' hoya che. bIjI bAju UMcI kinArI vacce mUlyadarzIkA aMgrejI AMka 1, rU, agara enI e bAju ghauMnI hUMDInI AkRti, enI upara hiMdI zabdomAM mUlya, nIce aMgrejI zabda 'rUpI', enI nIce aMgrejI AMkDAmAM khristI varSa tathA varSanI nIce muMbaInI TaMkazALa batAvatuM TapakuM mUkavAmAM Ave che. 15 vajana anukrame dasa, pAMca tathA aDhI grAma ane vyAsa 1.05, 0.88 ane 0. 75 iMca hoya che. nAnA sikkAomAM kaprA-niksanA e AnA, eka AnA tathA ardhA AnA ane tAMbAnA paisA hoya che. A badhA sikkAonI mukhya bAju niksanA moTA sikkA jevI ja hoya che, paraMtu bIjI bAju DAbI tarapha cAlatA vRSabha hAya che, enI AjubAju aMgrejI tathA hiMdI zabdomAM mUlya tathA nIce AMkaDAmAM TaMkazALasUcaka TapakAM sAthe khristIva` heAya che. e AnA cArasa, eka AnA karakariyAMvALA tathA ardhA AnA cArasa hAya che. vajrane anukrame 5.7, 3.9 tathA 2.9 grAma tathA vyAsa 0.88, 0.88, 0.85 tathA 0.8 iMca hoya che. tAMbAnA paisAnI bIjI bAjue kUdatA azva hoya che tathA a MgrejI ane hiMdI zabdomAM mUlya ane aMgrejI AMkaDAmAM TapakAM sAthe khristI varSa' hoya che. vajana 2.8 grAma tathA vyAsa 9.8 iMca hoya che. paraMtu 1951 mAM 39 grAma vajananA AvA ja paisA pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. 200 1957 mAM vyavahAramAM dazAMza-paddhati dAkhala thatAM sikkAomAM paNa ene anurUpa pheraphAra thayA. rUpiyAnA se| bhAga thayA te dareka bhAgane 'nayA paisA' (navA paisA) kahevAnu zarU thayuM, jethI jUnA paisA sAthenA ene bheda darzAvI zakAyo. pacAsa pacIsa dasa pAMca e tathA eka paisAnA sikkA uparAMta rUpiyA pADavAmAM AvyA. mukhya bAjunuM siMhasta bhazISa cAlu rahyuM paraMtu aMgrejI lakhANa 'gavarnmenTa oNpha inDiyA'ne sthAne nAgarImAM 'mAta' tathA aMgrejImAM 'inDiyA' lakhavAnuM zarU thayuM. A pramANe lakhANu vadhAre rASTriya banyuM. bIjI bAju upara mUlya rUpiyAnA bhAgamAM temaja paisAnI saMkhyAmAM darzAvAtu zarU thayuM. dAkhalA tarIke pacAsa paisA upara madhyamAM mUlya*ka saMkhyA aMgrejI AMkaDAmAM lakhAI te enI nIce hiMdI zabdomAM 'naye paise' tathA enI nIce aMgrejI AMkaDAmAM khristI

Page #226
sikkA 201 varSAM darzAvAyuM. mUlyadarzI saMkhyAnI upara vatu LAkAre hiMdImAM vaeN 1 AvA mALa, (ke cauthA mALa, vAvAM mALa, vIsAM mALa, vAsamAM mAna) evuM lakhANa apAyuM. paisA upara vaye jA sauvAM mATe evu lakhANa apAtu. samaya jatAM nayA (ke ce) zabda binajarUrI banatAM rada karAyA. vaLI rUpiyA ane paisA vaccenA saMbadhanI jANakArI sAva`trika banatAM e lAMbu lakhANa dUra karIne, mUlyanA AMkaDAnI DAbI bAju paisA ke jaise' athavA 'havA' ke 'have' ane jamaNI bAju PAISA ke PAISE athavA RUPEE ke RUPEES lakhAvA lAgyuM.16 rUpiyA, pacAsa tathA pacIsa paisA nikalanA, dasa pAMca tathA e paisA *prA-nikalanA tathA eka paisA kAMsAnA hoya che. dasa tathA e paisA karakariyAMvALA, pAMca paisA cArasa tathA bAkInA vartuLAkAra hoya che. rUpiyA, pacAsa paisA tathA pacIsa paisAnAM vajana anukrame dasa, pAMca tathA aDhI grAma ane vyAsa 3, 2.5, 2.25 senTimITara hoya che. dasa pAMca tathA e tathA eka paisAnAM vajana anukrame 5, 3.9, 3 tathA 1.5 grAma ane mApa 25, 2.25, 1.8 ane 1.75 senTimITara hoya che tathA enI dhAtumAM avAranavAra pheraphAra thatA rahyA che. pATIpa 1. zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, saurASTranA itihAsa,' pR. 754 2-3. Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Vol XXIII, p. 99, f. n. 3 4. P. L Gupta Coins', pp. 167 f. 5-6. Ibid., p. 168 7. hariprasAda zAstrI ane pravINacaMdra parIkha, 'bhAratIya sikkAzAstra', pR. 246 8. ejana, pR. 254 9. P. L. Gupta, op.cit., p. 171 10-11. hariprasAda zAstrI ane pravINacaMdra parIkha, upayu`kta, pR. 215 12-13 J. Allan, Catalogue of Coins in Indian Museum, Calcutta, Vol. IV p. 160 14. hariprasAda zAstrI ane pravINacaMdra parIkha, upayu*kta, pR. 249 15. P. L. Gupta, op. p. 1-68 cit. 16. hariprasAda zAstrI ane prIyadra parIkha, uSayu*kta, pR. 260-61

Page #227
khaMDa 3 sAMskRtika ItihAsa prakaraNa 7 sAmAjika sthiti prAstAvika vIsamI sadInA uSa:kAle gujarAtanA samAjajIvanamAM navI cetanAnA prAdurbhAva mATe gaI sadInA uttarArdhanAM keTalAMka urojaka baLone kAraNarUpa gaNI zakAya. aMgrejonI vahIvaTI nIti, videzI saMskRti tathA jIvanarItine bhAratanA (e samaye hajI hiMdanA) sudhAraka ane udAra matavAdIone pratyakSa saMparka ane paricaya, aMgrejI keLavaNI tathA sAhityane savizeSa samAgama samAjasudhAra pravRttine vegavatI karanArAM paribaLa hatAM. rAjA rAmamehana rAyathI gAMdhIjInA svadezAgamana sudhInA kAlamAM samAjasudhArako, keTalAka pragatizIla aMgrejI amaladAre ane sudhArakatAvAdI dezI rAjavIonA prayatnothI satIprathA temaja bAlikAhatyA jevA kura rivAja mATe kAyadA thayA hatA. vidhavA punarlagna ane saMmativayanA kAyadA paNa pasAra thayA hatA. vyaktigata ane sAmudAyika prayatna dvArA prAdezika dherANe nAnA pAyA paranAM maMDaLa samAjamAM vyApelA keTalAka kurivAjo, jevA ke bALalagno, vidhavAvivAhapratibaMdha, vidhavA taraphanA krUra vartAva, vaheme aMdhazraddhA vagere sAme jhuMbeza calAvI samAjamAM jAgRti lAvavAnA prayatna karatAM hatAM.' vIsamI sadInI 1 lI vIsImAM hiMdu samAja jJAtinI pakaDamAM ThIka ThIka jakaDAyeluM hatuM chatAM zaherI samAja tathA grAmavistAranI keTalIka AgaLa paDatI

Page #228
sAmAjika sthiti 206 jJAtionA valaNamAM cheDe pheraphAra dekhAto hato. zaheramAM vasatI brahmakSatriya, audIcya brAhmaNa, nAgara brAhmaNa, anAvaLA brAhmaNa, jaina jevI ucca jJAtio tathA pATIdAra jevI keTalIka AgaLa paDatI jJAtionAM maMDaLa hatAM. A maMDaLa paraMparAgata jJAtimaMDaLe ke paMca karatAM judAM paDIne theDuMka sudhAraka valaNa apanAvatAM thayAM hatAM, ema chatAM jJAti maMDaLa tathA jJAtisaMmelananA TharAvo ane kAryakrame jotAM jaNAya che ke tatkAlIna samAjamAM ghaNA kharA kurivAja cAlu hatA. hiMdu samAjamAM bALalagna ane vidhavA aMgenA prazna gaMbhIra rIte mejUda hatA, enI samasyAnA ukela mATe kaI rAjamArga maLyo jaNAtuM na hatuM. narmadayugane yA homa karIne paDo'ne jusse maMda paDyo chatAM sudhArAne sAra dhIme dhIme samAjamAM phelAvAnI havA jANe prasarI hatI. sAmAjika praznonA ukela mATe krAMtikArI pagalAM karatAM dhIre dhIre pheraphAra karavAmAM pAMDityayuganuM DahApaNa samAyeluM heya ema jaNAtuM hatuM. sau-prathama I. sa. 1915 thI 1960nA samayagALAmAM gujarAtanA samAjajIvanane sparzatI lAkSaNika AMkaDAkIya mAhitI tathA samAjamAM parivartana lAvatAM rAjakIya sAmAjika sAMskRtika tathA anya paribaLone TUMkamAM nirdeza karIzuM. sane 1911 mAM gujarAtanI vastI eka karoDathI thoDI ochI hatI te vadhIne 1961 mAM be karoDathI paNa thoDI vadhAre thaI. samagra dezanI sarakhAmaNImAM gujarAtamAM vastI-vadhArAne dara UMce hatA. 1921 mAM dara hajAre 448 puruSa ane 482 strI pariNIta hatAM. 1961mAM e ghaTIne 414 puruSa ane 445 strI thayAM hatAM. A samaya daramyAna bALalagnanuM pramANa ghaTayuM haze ene ADakatare purA AmAMthI maLe che. strIo-puruSonI lagna samaye sarerAza uMmaramAM paNa vadhAre jovA maLe che. 1961 mAM puruSanuM sarerAza lagnavaya 21.3 varSa ane strInuM sarerAza lagnavaya 17.2 hatuM. grAmINa vistAromAM puruSanuM A vaya ra6 varSa ane strInuM 16.8 varSa, jyAre zaherI vistAromAM puruSanuM lagnavaya 22.9 varSa ane strInuM 18.4 varSa hatuM. 1961mAM samagra bhAratamAM puruSonuM sarerAza lagnavaya 21.4 varSa ane strIonuM 16.1 varSa hatuM. A AMkaDA darzAve che ke bALalagna aTakyAM hatAM ane bhAratanI strIonA sarerAza lagnavaya sAthe sarakhAvatAM gujarAtI strIonuM lagnavaya UMcuM gayuM hatuM. bALalagnanA ghaTavA sAthe ane lagnavayanA vadhavA sAthe akSarajJAnamAM paNa uttarottara vadhAre thaye hatA; jeke puruSo karatAM strIo akSarajJAnamAM pAchaLa hatI. 1921 mAM 18

Page #229
204 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI TakA puruSa ane 3.28 TakA strIo akSarajJAna dharAvatAM hatAM, je vadhIne 1961 mAM 41.13 TakA puruSo ane 19.10 TakA strIo akSarajJAna dharAvatAM thayAM. gujarAtamAM moTA bhAganI jaina sahitanI hiMdu vastI uparAMta musalamAna pasAra khristI tathA keTalIka tiradhama kemane vasavATa jaNAya che. vastIne moTo bhAga gAmaDAMomAM rahetA hovA chatAM uttarottara zaheramAM vastI vadhatI jatI hatI. I. sa. 1931 nI vastIgaNatarInA hevAla pramANe zaherI vastImAM 67.00 TakA hiMduo, 2.7 TakA jaina, 26.8 TakA musalamAna, 1.3 TakA pArasI, 15 TakA khristI ane 0.07 TakA anyadhamI hatA.4 1961 nI vastIgaNatarInA AdhAre 88.96 TakA hiMduo, 1.99 TakA jaina, 8.46 TakA musalamAna, 0.44 TakA khristI temaja bAkInAmAM bauddha pArasIo temaja anyadhamIone samAveza thAya che. gujarAtamAM binagujarAtIonuM pramANa khAsa karIne svataMtratA pachInA samayamAM vadhyuM che. 1901 mAM 4.58 lAkha binagujarAtI hatA te 1951 mAM 8.95 lAkha ane 1961 mAM 13.43 lAkha thayA. A sarva AMkaDAkIya mAhitI samAjajIvanamAM AvelA parivartananI kAMIka aMze jhAMkhI karAve che, paraMtu keTalAka anya paribaLa paNa e mATe javAbadAra hatAM. I. sa. 1915 mAM gAMdhIjInuM svadezAgamana ane amadAvAdamAM emane thAyI nivAsa, khAsa karIne gujarAta mATe, eka dhapAtra binA che. gAMdhIjInuM svadezI AMdolana, majUronA praznomAM emane rasa tathA emane racanAtmaka kAryakrama sAmAjika krAMti lAvavA mATe balaprada pradAna hatAM. audyogikaraNa tathA zaherIkaraNa, Adhunika nyAyapaddhati, jhaDapI vAhanavyavahAra tathA saMcAranAM jhaDapI sAdhane, udyoga ane vyavasAyane kAraNe navAM navAM maMDaLane udbhava ane ene leke para prabhAva, keLavaNIne vikAsa ane enI samAjajIvana upara asara, dezavyApI rAjakIya AMdolana, strI-AMdolana, jJAtiprathAnA jaDa niyame sAme pracAra vagere evI sIdhI yA ADakatarI anekavidha asara thaI A uparAMta strIone svAtaMtrya-AMdolanamAM phALo, dalita temaja pachAta vargonA kalyANa mATe jAgRti tathA emane mATe baMdhAraNamAM khAsa jogavAIo, strIonA darajajAmAM pheraphAra lAvatA kAnUna, vyAvasAyika temaja svaicchika maMDaLamAM tathA sarakArI oNphisamAM strIonI vistaratI kAmagIrI, samAjavAdI samAjaracanAnA khyAla upara racAyelI aneka kalyANajanAo tathA mahAgujarAta-AMdolana ane 1960 mAM alaga gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA gujarAtanA samAjajIvanane asara karatAM

Page #230
sAmAjika sthiti 205 agatyanA paribaLa gaNI zakAya. A sarva paribaLonA pariprekSyamAM AvelA keTalAka pheraphAra, dalita vargone abhyadaya, strIonI sthiti, lekakalyANa ane sAmAjika maMDaLanI kAmagIrI aMge vicAraNA karIzuM. jJAtibhAvanAnI maMdatA jJAtivyavasthA hiMdu samAjanuM viziSTa ane eka agatyanuM aMga heI bhAratIya samAjamAM jJAti-vyavasthAnuM AgavuM mahattva che. ghaNA jUnA kAlathI pratyeka vyakti jJAtithI ja oLakhAtI rahI che ane hAla paNa enuM mahatva ghaTayuM nathI. I. sa. 1941 sudhI vastIpatrakanA hevAlamAM paNa jJAtivAra vistRta mAhitI ekatrita karavAmAM AvatI hatI, paraMtu 1951 nI vastIpatramAMthI e aMgenI mAhitI rada karavAmAM AvI, ema chatAM bhAratamAM jJAtivyavasthA nAza pAmI nathI. jJAtio hiMdu samAjamAM ja najare paDe che. Ama chatAM enAM keTalAMka lakSaNa anya kemamAM ane anya sthaLoe paNa dekhAya che. jJAtinAM mukhya lakSaNa, jevAM ke samAjanuM bhinna bhina khaMDamAM vibhAjana, caDa-Utarane krama, khAnapAna tathA dhArmika ane nAgarika adhikAra para pratibaMdha temaja dhaMdhA ane lagna upara pratibaMdha vageremAMthI vIsamI sadInA trIjA dasakAmAM keTalAMkamAM thoDuMka parivartana AvyuM hatuM. jJAti janmajAta hovAthI vyakti pitAnA puruSArthathI e badalI zaktI nahi ane jJAtivyavasthAmAM vyakti jJAtianusAra sAmAjika darajajo prApta karI zaktI, eTale vyaktine ADI gatizIlatA mATe avakAza hatuM, paraMtu vargasamAjanI jema UbhI gatizIlatA mATe bhAgyeja avakAza hate. e rIte pahelAM be lakSamAM paNa pheraphAra mATe avakAza na hatA. vIsamI sadInI trIsI daramyAna jJAtinA khAnapAna sparza tathA sAmAjika saMparka aMgenA niyamomAM zahera tathA gAmaDAMmAM thoDoka taphAvata paDyo hate. sAmAnya rIte harijano sivAya anya varNanA lekene aMdara aMdara sparza karavAmAM khAsa bAdha ja na hatuM. emAMye gAMdhIjInI satyAgrahanI caLavaLa pachI zaheromAM tathA maryAdita aMze gAmaDAomAM paNa sparzAsparzanA khyAlamAM thoDI chUTachATa AvI hatI, paraMtu sAmAjika saMparka ke khAnapAnanA niyamomAM koI noMdhapAtra pheraphAra na hate. dUdAbhAI vaNakarane gAMdhIjI, AzramanA niyamanuM pAlana karavAnI zarate, kuTuMba sAthe AzramamAM rahevA lAvyA hatA. A aMge AzramavAsIomAM ane

Page #231
206 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gAMdhIjInAM nikaTanAM sagAMomAM paNa ghaNe khaLabhaLATa thayA hatA, te pachI sAmAnya janA valaNanuM to pUchavuM ja zuM ? " khAnapAna aMgenA niyamamAM ucca jJAtinA loko nIcalI jJAtinA hAthanuM khAIna zake. brAhmaNanI rAMdhelI rasoI dareka jJAti khAI zake, paraMtu brAhmaNo dUdhamAM rAdhelI rasoI ja anya jJAtio, khArA karIne ucca jJAtio, pAsethI grahaNa karI zake. samUhabhojanamAM paNa jJAti AdhArita paMktibheda jALavavAmAM AvatA hate. khAnagI gharomAM paNa A vyavahAranuM pAlana thatuM. ghaNI jagAoe anya jJAtinA lako mATe pANI tathA cA mATe pittaLa ke jarmana silvaranAM ja vAsaNa, TUMkamAM dhAtunAM vAsaNa vaparAtAM. sAduM pANI pIvAmAM paNa gharamAM tathA bahAra jJAtibhedane custa rIte amala thatA zikSaNanI saMsthAomAM gAmaDAMomAM A niyama sacavAte, eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu amadAvAda jevA meTA zaheramAM paNa pANI pIvA mATe jJAtivAra judA pyAlA rahetA. Ama savarNo vacce paNa khAnapAnanA niyamanuM ghaNe aMze pAlana thatuM. TUMkamAM, gAMdhIjInA vicArothI raMgAyelA leke ane jJAtimAM na mAnanArA thoDAka sudhAraka keLavAyelA leke sivAya anya leke rojiMdA jIvanamAM paNa khAnapAnanA niyamanuM custapaNe pAlana karatA. jJAtinuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa e aMtargata lagnapaddhati che. pratyeka jJAti aneka peTAjJAtiomAM vaheMcAyelI hatI. teo aMdara aMdara lagnasaMbaMdha bAMdhI zake nahi e eka sAmAnya niyama hate. anulema lagna zAstra mata hevAthI keTalIka vAra AvAM lagna thatAM ane pratima lagna zAstraviruddha hovA chatAM paNa kavacita thatAM. kAlakrame AvAM lagnanI saMkhyA vadhatI jatI hatI. jJAtimAM ja lagnane kAraNe keTalIka jJAtionAM vartuLa savizeSa sAMkaDAM thatAM gayAM. uparAMta, jyAM prA. dezika bhinnatAne khyAla umerAya tyAM lagna saMbaMdha bAMdhavAmAM savizeSa mukela paristhiti UbhI thaI. dA. ta. pATIdAra jJAti jJAti tarIke eka koma gaNAya, paraMtu emAM leuvA tathA kaDavA evA peTAvibhAga hatA. A uparAMta carotara, kAnama, cha gAma, bAra gAma, sattAvIsa gAma ema pramANa ane prAdezika tema goLa ke ekaDAnI bhinnatAne AdhAre kanyAnI levaDadevaDa thatI, caretaranA pATIdAra kAnamanI kanyA laI zake, paraMtu tyAM ApI na zake. cha gAmanA pATIdAra pitAnI kanyA che gAmamAM ja Ape, paraMtu bAra gAma ke satAvIsa gAmamAMthI lAvI zake. TUMkamAM, ucca sAmAjika mUlya dharAvate samUha ne sAmAjika darajajo gharAvatA samUha ke sthaLamAMthI kanyA laI zake, paraMtu ApI zake nahi. Ane kAraNe keTalAka sAmAjika kurivAja astitvamAM hatA. keTalAka samUhamAM varanI achatane lIdhe varaviya

Page #232
samAjika sthiti thato, jyAre keTalAkamAM kanyAnA pitA bhAre paraThaNa ke dAyajo ApavA majabUra banatA; vaLI keTalAka samUhomAM lAyaka juvAnene vahu meLavavAnI muzkelI paDatI. pariNAme kajoDAM ane sATAM ke tekhaDAM jevI lagnaprathA astitvamAM hatI, lagnavartuLa sImita hovAne kAraNe tathA keTalIka kAmAmAM varaviyanI prathAne lIdhe temaja kanyAnA lagna pAchaLa puSkaLa kharca thatA hovAne kAraNe, kAyado hAvA chatAM paNa, bAlikAtyA ane bALa+-gnanA rivAjane peSaNa maLatu hatuM. pATIdAra uparAMta anAvaLA brAhmaNa temaja brAhmAnI keTalIka peTA jJAtiomAM agAu darzAvelA dhaNAkharA kurivAja mojUda hatA. kanyAvikrayane kAraNe keTalIka nAnI jJAti mATe lupta thai javAnA bhaya UbhA thayA hatA. jJAtimAM ja nahi, paraMtu potAnI peTA jJAtimAM ja lagna thaI zake evA sAmAnya niyama samAjamAM amalamAM hatA tene ulla ghIne AMtarajJAtIya lagna karavAtI hi'mata mAbApamAM na hatI te pachI paraNanAra vyaktie evuM dRDha manebaLa kaI rIte keLavI zake ? sAmAnya lokamata AvAM lagnanI viruddha hatA. AMtarajJAtIya lagna jUja ane e paNa AgaLa paDatAM keLavAyelAM kuTu emAM thatAM. 10 200 dhaMdhAnA anusaMdhAnamAM jotAM jaNAya che ke ucca jJAti, khAsa karIne, nIcalI jJAtinA ane halakA dhadhA karatI nahi. uparAMta, harijana peAtAnA vaMzapara MparAgata dhaMdhA temaja majUrI sivAya anya dhaMdhA karI zakatA nahi. gAMdhIjIe A dRSTikoNamAM parivatana lAvavA mATe AzramI jIvanamAM AzramavAsI pAyakhAnAMsaphrAInu temaja rastA vALavAnu kAma jAte ja kare eve Agraha rAkhyA hatA tathA kAMtaNa ane vaNATane pazu mahattva Apyu hatu, ema chatAM A dizAmAM jJAtinA valaNamAM tatkAlIna keI khAsa pheraphAra jaNAtA nahi. jJAtisamAja ane enAM pAMcAnI sAmAnya janasamAja upara eTalI sajjaDa pakaDa hatI ke nAnI u Mmare vevizALa varavikraya temaja kulInazAhI lagnomAM dUSaNomAMthI sAmAnya jana bahAra nIkaLI zakatA na hatA. lagnaprasaMge aDhaLaka khaca ane maraNa pAchaLa pretabhojana jama!DavA mATe keTalAMyane karaja karavuM paDatuM hatu athavA ghara gIro mUkavAM paDatAM hatAM. pariNAme kuTuMbanA sa`nAza thatA, eTalu ja nahi, paraMtu sa MtAnAne paNa ghaNI vakhata jIvanabhara sahana karavuM paDatuM. emane keLavaNIne badale vArasAmAM garIbI maLatI. TUMkamAM, A sadInA pahelA traNa dAyakA sudhIma dAvamAM TreDa ke parachallA pheraphAra bAda karatAM mahattvanA pheraphAra jaNAtA nathI.

Page #233
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gujarAtamAM keTalAka samAjasudhArake tema anya paribaLAnA prabhAvathI gAMdhIyuga daramyAna amuka kSetromAM jJAtinu vaMsa zaherAmAM dhaTatuM jatuM hatuM, paraMtu jJAtisaoNMsthAnI pakaDa gAmaDAMomAM ghaNI sajjaDa hatI. gAmaDAMonA samAja ajJAna pachAta ane zASita hatA ane jJAtigaMgAnI maryAdA oLaMgavA asamatha' hatA. gAMdhIjInI racanAtmaka pravRttio gAmaDAMomAM zarU thaI enA anusa MdhAnamAM sAmAjika krAyakarAe gAmaDAMonA lokone keTalAka krUra rivAjotI pakaDamAMthI cheDAvavAnI kAmagIrI zarU karI hatI. gAMdhIjIe nAtajAtane gadhAtA khAmAciyA' tarIke gaNAvI ane jJAtisa MsthAnI jaDatA ochI karavA sabaLa puruSAtha AdaryA. aspRzyatA nivAraNa aMgenA emanA vicAro ane kAya*kramA keTalAka rUDhicusta loko mATe jalada ane agrAhya heAvA chatAM gAMdhIjInA sudhAraka anuyAyIonA eka moTo vaga jJAtibhejana ane pretabhAjananA vidhI hatA. emaNe gAMdhIjInA vicArAne apanAvyA ane ene amalamAM mUkavAnA prayAsa zveryAM. A prayatnane pariNAme jJAtisaMsthAnA keTalAka jaDa niyamamenu jora narama paDayuM. have vibhinna jJAtinI vyakti eka paMgatamAM esI 'prItibhojana' karavA lAgI. gAMdhIjI AMtarajJAtIya temaja aspRzyA ane savarNa vaccenA lagnasaMbaMdhanI paNa himAyata karatA hatA. gAMdhIjI uparAMta paristhitijanya pheraphAro ane paribaLAne kAraNe samayanA vahevA sAthe jJAtinA jaDa niyameAmAM chUTachATa AvI. jhaDapI vAhanavahevAranAM sAdhanAthI gAmaDAM anya pradeza sAthe sAMkaLAtAM gayAM ane paraspara bhautika cIjavastuonuM AdAnapradAna pramANamAM vistaratuM gayuM. chApAM tAra TapAla reDiyA sinemA pratyAdi sa`cAranAM sAdhano ane zaikSaNika vikAsathI mAnavInI vaicArika kSitijo vistaratI gaI. eka bAju gAmaDAM tUTatAM gayAM te bIjI bAju audyogikIkaraNa ane zaherIkaraNanA vikAse grAmajanatA rojIroTI athe` zahero tarapha savizeSa sthaLAMtara karavA lAgI. sAmAnya grAmavAso nAnakaDA jANItA vartuLamAMthI bahAra nIkaLIne ajANyA samudAya vacce rahevA lAgyA. pariNAme keTalAka aupacArika baMdhana tUTavA lAgyAM, jJAtinI pakaDa DhIlI paDavA lAgI. mULa patanamAM dIvA devatA badha' thavAnA bhaya sevatA grAmajana sAmAjika prasa Mge jJAtinA niyama mujaba ja ukelI zakato. ene badale ceDIka chUTachATa letA ane haLavAza anubhavatA thayA, jene lIdhe jJAtinI pakaDa tema va*sa ghaTatuM gayuM. raheThANa tathA kAmanI jagA temaja anya paristhitine kAraNe chUtAchUta tathA khAnapAnanA niyamemAM maMdatA AvI. 208 AjhAdI bAda bhAratanA rAjyabaMdhAraNe dezanA sava" nAgarikane jJAti dhama ke liMganA bhedabhAva sivAya keTalAka adhikAra bahyA che, AthI saiddhAMtika rIte

Page #234
sAmAjika sthiti 209 jJAtinuM baMdhana dUra thayuM che. vastIgaNatarInA hevAla mAMthI te e dUra thaI ja gaI hatI chatAM vyavahAramAMthI e nAza pAmI nathI. enAM keTalAMka pAsAMomAM agAu darzAvelAM paribaLonA pratibhAvarUpe ghaNA pheraphAra lAMbA gALe sahaja banyA. khAnapAnanI chUTachATamAM jJAtine virodha sahaja rIte zamI gaye. paradezagamana ke AMtarajJAtIya lagnamAM jJAtinI ADakhIlI dUra thaI vyaktie prAyazcita karavAnI ke jJAtimAM daMDa bharavAnI jarUra rahI nahi, ema chatAM AMtarajJAtIya lagna paratve jJAtinuM valaNa mULabhUta rIte bahu badalAyuM hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. AMtarajJAtIya lagna khUba jUja ane ucca jJAtinI keLavAyelI vyaktiomAM ja thavAnI saMbhAvanA rahetI. gAMdhIvicArasaraNIvALe ane nAtajAtamAM nahi mAnanAre nAnakaDo sudhAraka varga AMtarajJAtIya lagnanI tarapheNa karate. samaya jatAM saMkucita bhAvanAmAM maMdatA AvI ane leke vadhAre udAra ane sahiSNu banI AMtarajJAtIya lagna tarapha virodha pragaTa karavAne badale jyAM mAbApa ke vaDIlene sahakAra hoya athavA emanA dvArA AvAM lagna jAtAM hoya tyAM saharSa hAjarI ApatAM thayAM. svAtaMtryaprApti pachInA kAlamAM jJAtioe pitAnI keTalIka kAmagIrI badalI. eka bAju matadAna karavAmAM tathA cUMTaNImAM umedavArInI spardhAmAM jJAtio vadhAre sakriya banI ane e rIte jJAtibhAvanA vadhAre sajajaDa banatI gaI, bIjI bAju prathamathI ja jAgrata evI keTalIka pragatizIla jJAtio pitAnAM paMca ane maMDaLo dvArA keTalAka jhaDapI pheraphAra karavA udyamI banI. agAu darzAvyA pramANe A sadInI trIsI daramyAna keTalIka jAgrata jJAtio pariSade bharIne tathA mAsike ke patrikAo kADhIne jJAtimAM sudhArA karavA prayatnazIla hatI. ucca gaNAtI keTalIka AgevAna jJAtio ke jeo sAdhanasaMpanna hatI, (dAkhalA tarIke caretaranA leuvA pATIdAra, dakSiNu gujarAtanA anAvaLA brAhmaNa, jemaNe jJAtinA kurivAja dUra karavA saniSTha prayatna AdaryA hatA) temaNe pariSada dvArA TharAva pasAra karAvIne mukhyatve pretabhejane, lagna pAchaLane besumAra khaca, dApAM, paraThaNa, jAnaiyAonI saMkhyA, jamaNa, ityAdi upara niyaMtraNa mUkavAno prayatna karyo hato. AvA saMmelanamAMthI preraNuM meLavIne keTalIka ucca jJAtio pitAnAM jJAti maMDaLa dvArA samAja sudhAraNAnI dizAmAM TharAva karavA mATe protsAhana meLavatI hatI. AvuM eka saMmelana saurASTramAM 1938 nI AsapAsa supeDI gAme samagra saurASTranA 400 gAmanA kheDUtanuM, kaDavA pATIdAra jJAtinuM, keTalAka kurivAje, khAsa karIne lAjaprathA bALalagna ane pretajananI prathA, 14

Page #235
210 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI dUra karavA mATe thayuM hatuM. tyAra pachI paNa jJAtinA anya kurivAja dUra karavA vakhatavakhata sa Mmelana yojAtAM hatAM.13 nIcalI jJAtinAM paMca emanA sAmAjika praznAnA ukela mATe tathA jJAtijanA upara baMdhana lAdavAmAM savizeSa sakriya ane kAmiyAba hatAM. A pAMca vevizALa lagna chUTAcheDA punaHlagna kAraja ityAdi bAbatomAM nAtanA rivAja paLAvavAmAM vadhAre zaktizALI hatAM. A jJAtiomAM ajJAna aMdhazraddhA tathA jJAtinA vaDA tathA paMcanI mahattA ane vasa savizeSa hovAthI emAM kaI jhaDapI parivartananI zakyatA na hatI. gAMdhIjI-sahita samAjanA keTalAka sudhAraka ema mAnatA hatA ke jJAtivyavasthAne toDI pADavA sivAya emAM samayeAcita pheraphAra karI ene kAyakSama banAvavI joi e. A dRSTie jJAtimaMDaLeAnI kAmagIrImAM pheraphAra AvakAradAyaka hatA. A maMDaLa lagna tathA maraNa pAchaLanA kharca upara kApa mUkavAnI himAyata karatAM hatAM. garIba ane lAyaka vidyAthIone emanI zaikSaNika jarUriyAtA phI pustako ane skaoNlarazipa ApI keLavaNI mATe madada karatAM hatAM. keTalAMka jJAtimaMDaLa parIkSAmAM ucca sthAna prApta karanArane uttejana mATe puraskAra paNa ApatAM. keTalIka jJAtie vidyAthI one ochA kharce` rahevA tathA jamavA mATe chAtrAlaya paNa sthApyAM hatAM. keTalIka jJAtiomAM jJAtijane mATe dAktarI sAravAra tathA nabaLA ane Arthi`ka rIte pachAtA mATe udyogAlayA ane gupta madadanI pravRtti paNa cAlatI hatI. TUMkamAM, samaya jatAM jJAtivyavasthAnAM keTalAMka jarita ane nakAmAM aMga kharatAM gayAM, sAthe sAthe samaya pramANe navu grahaNa karavAnI acakAmaNane kAraNe jJAtivyayavasthA TakI rahI tethI enAM keTalAMka tattva dezanI susaMvAditA mATe ADakhIlIrUpa banatAM jaNAya che. gAMdhIjI temaja anya samAja-sudhArakAnA bhagIratha prayatna ane kAnUna hovA chatAM koIne kaI svarUpe aspRzyatA TakI rahI che e nAti-prathAnuM laMka ja che dalita vargonA abhyudaya bhUtakAlamAM dhArmika sa MpradAyA, sAdhu sa Mto, vicArako temaja samAjasudhArako 'sava* mAnavAmAM IzvaranA vAsa che' athavA samAnatAnA khyAla upara aspRzya tarapha pazu mAnavIya vartAvanI himAyata karatA hatA. dalitAnA utkarSa mATe keTalAke jhuMbeza paNa uThAvI hatI. khristI mizanarIoe paNa emanA vikAsa mATe prayatna

Page #236
sAmAjika sthiti 211 karyA hatA, ema chatAM vIsamI sadImAM paNa emanI paristhitimAM koI khAsa parivartana AvyuM na hatuM. hirajanAmAM badhI ja aspRzya jJAtione samAveza karavAmAM AvatA hatA. vaDodarA rAjyamAM ee 'aMtyajo' tarIke oLakhAtA hatA. DaoN. AMbeDakare harijana' zabdanA virAdha karyAM ane ee sadIothI kacaDAyelA hAvAthI emane mATe "dalita vaga" evA prayAga karyAM. 1950 nA baMdhAraNamAM anusUcita jAtione samAveza pachAta vargA(Backward Class)mAM karavAmAM AvyA, paraMtu AmAM harijano uparAMta AdivAsIo ane anya pachAta samUha paNa AvI jAya che. TUMkamAM, baMdhAraNamAM dalite anusUcita jAti (Scheduled Castes) tarIke sthAna pAmyA. bhaLavA aMgenA kaDakapaNe pAlana tarapha krUra vartAva harijanA mATe samAjamAM haravA pharavA ke loko sAthe niyama sparzAsparzInA khyAla upara racAyelA hatA ane enu karavAmAM AvatuM. enA pAlanamAM bhUlathI paNa cUka thatAM aspRzya karavAmAM Avato hato. gAMdhIjInA Agamana pachI, khAsa karIne zahera pUratuM, harijanA sAthenA sAmAnya vyavahArAmAM thApuM parivata na AvavA mAMDayuM hatuM, paraMtu pachAta jJAti ke dalita vargo sAthetA khAnapAnanA niyamemAM koI noMdhapAtra pheraphAra jaNAtA na hatA. aspRzyonA utkarSa mATe sayAjIrAvanuM pradAna gujarAtamAM vaDodarA rAjyamAM dalitAnA utkaSa mATe vividha pravruttio sayAjIrAve zarU karI hatI. A sava` pravRttio dvArA emaNe emanA sarvAM gINa vikAsa sAdhavAnA prayAsa karyAM hatA, eTaluM ja nahi, emanA vikAsamAM ADe AvatI ADakhIlIo dUra karI e vikasita mAnava tarIke anya nAgarikAnI harALamAM Ave evA khyAla rAkhyA hatA. A sadInI zarUAtathI ja zikSaNanA phelAvA mATe vaDodarA rAjyamAM aMtyajo mATe judI zALAe hatI.14 lAyaka vidyAthI one oNlarazipa ApI AgaLa abhyAsa karavA mATe uttejana apAtu . AMbeDakara, rAghavajI leuvA, ema. jI. paramAra, nAgajIbhAI Aya` jevA harijana chAtronI ujjavala kArakidI AvI ziSyavRtti dvArA protsAhanane ja abhArI hatI. keLavaNI lIdhelAM aspRzya bhAIbahenone rAjyanI nokarImAM lAyakAta pramANe yAgya jagAe gAThavavAmAM AvatAM. 1937-38 mAM 247 aspRzya ekalA keLavaNI khAtAmAM kAma karatA hatA. khIjAM khAtAMomAM paNa emanI nimaNUka thatI.

Page #237
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI aMtyajonA utkarSa mATenI mukhya bAbateAmAM pIvAnA pANInI suvidhA, jAhera sthaLAmAM samAna rIte bhAgavaTA, mata ApavAnA adhikAra, dhArAsabhAmAM pratinidhitva, lAyaka vyaktine sarakArI nAkarI, Arthika vikAsa mATenI yojanA ane sahakArI maMDaLIo dvArA eenu zoSaNa aTakAvavAnI pravRttie mukhya ha.tAM. 1931 mAM aMtyaja kAmA mATe 1324 kUvA, jeemAMnA 1103 DheDha mATe ane 221 bhaMgIo mATe hatA. e uparAMta rAjye baMdhAvelAM kUvA cArA ane taLAvA aspRzyo mATe khullAM rAkhavAM ane je savarNAne e aMge vAMdho hoya temaNe gAmalokonA khace aspRzyo mATe alaga vyavasthA karI ApavI evuM pharamAna hatuM. evI ja rIte 1930 mAM zaherasudharAimAM tathA grAma5cAyatamAM aspRzyone pratinidhitva ApavAnA sayAjIrAve Adeza ApyA hatA. rAjyanI dhArAsabhAmAM paNa emanu` pratinidhitva rahe e jovAmAM AvatuM. eenA Arthika utkarSa mATe para parAgata dhadhAmAM vikAsa sAdhavA mATe 1931 mAM cAmaDAM keLavanAra niSNAta dvArA sudhArelI DhabathI cAmaDAM keLavavAnuM kAma zikhavADavA mATe rAjyamAM e jagAe kedra sthApavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. A uparAMta dhadhAnI anukULatA mATe kAcA mAla ane ejAre kharIdavA vyakti dITha vagara vyAje rUA. 200 dhIravAnI jogavAI karavAmAM AvI hatI. moTAM zaheromAM sudharAInA bhaMgIo mATe tathA anya vyavasAyeAmAM rokAyelA atyajo mATe paNa sahakArI maMDaLIo sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. 1938-39 mAM DheDha ane camArAnI maLIne kula 1362 sabhyAvALI 72 sahakArI ma`DaLI hatI. vaNATa ane cama'-udyoga uparAMta Arthika vikAsa mATe vaDodarA rAjyamAM anya pravRttie vikasAvAI hatI, jemAM mukhyatve kRSikAya keMdromAM khetIviSayaka sudhArA, kAMtaNa bharatagU MthaNa sIva ane ghInuM vecANa jevA laghu udyogo tathA DhAra-uchera, elAdanI sudhAraNA jevI bAbateAmAM aMtyajone mArgadarzana ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. 212 vaDodarA rAjya atyaMjo taraphanA jAhera vyavahAramAM eka pagaluM AgaLa hatuM. tA. 12-7-1938 nA roja AjJApatrikA dvArA rAjye jAhera karyuM ke sthAnika saMsthAnAM badhAM ja jAhera makAne-kUvA-taLAve anya hiMdujJAtionI jema aMtyajone vAparavAnA hakka che ane emAM aDacaNa karatI pravRtti karanAra sAme sarakAra pagalAM leze. 1932 mAM rAjyanAM sava" ma Mdira harijane mATe darzana ane pUgna arthe khullAM mUkavAmAM AvyAM. emanA sAmAjika ane dhArmi ka pratibaMdha dUra karavA 1938 mAM 'sAmAjika asamatha-tAnivAraNAnita dha' amalI banAvAyo. TUMkamAM, sayAjIrAve harijanAnA utkaSa" mATe dhArI keDI pADI.15

Page #238
213 sAmAjika sthiti kaccha dezI rAjya hovA chatAM 1921 nA asahakAra-AMdolanamAMthI mukta rahI zakyuM na hatuM. AMdolananA anekavidha kAryakramanA bhAgarUpa aspRzyatAnivAraNanuM kAma mukhya hatuM. kacchanA keTalAka rahevAsIo videzamAM vasatA hovAthI emanA taraphathI A kAryane ThIka ThIka sAtha maLyo. kacchamAM dasa moTAM gAmomAM aMtyaja mATe zALAo sthApI zakAI hatI, paraMtu jJAtibahiSkAranA bhaye savarNa zikSako maLatA na hatA, ghaNuMkharuM musalamAna zikSake ja A zALA bo mATe maLatA. e samaye kerTa kacerI ke sArvajanika sthaLee aMtyajonA pravezanI kalpanA paNa asahya hatI. vaidya ke DokaTara harijana dadIne davA dUrathI joIne ApatA, emanA ghAne pATApIMDI te karatA ja nahi. kacchamAM relagADInI zarUAta thaI tyAre chelle be DheDha DabAne nAme oLakhAtA, kAraNa ke e Dabo emanA mATe mukarara karela hate. harijanonI paristhiti anya bAbatamAM paNa vadhAre dayAjanaka hatI. eo svataMtra rIte kApaDa vaNI zake nahi, nakkI karelA ThekedAronI sUcanA pramANenuM kApaDa vaNavuM paDatuM ane emane ja vecavuM paDatuM. A niyama na pALanAra harijanane ghaNI phUra zikSA thatI. emane nyAya rAjyanI adAlatamAM na toLAtAM ene mATe paNa rAjya nImelA ThekedAro nyAya toLatA. 1925 mAM gAMdhIjI ka7 gayA tyAre harijana-sevakonA AgrahathI ane mahAtmAjInA dabANathI kacchanA mahArAve harijanone nyAya ApavA mATe ThekedAra nImavA aMgene kAyade rada karyo, paraMtu vaNATa aMgenI julamI nIti te ghaNI pAchaLathI vaNakaronA saMgaThanane lIdhe dhIre dhIre aMte nAza pAmI.14 kacchamAM keLavaNI uparAMta dhIre dhIre anya pravRttio zarU thaI hatI, jene pariNAme 1946 sudhImAM aneka kSetre ThIka ThIka pragati harijane sAdhI zakyA hatA. khAsa karIne parIkSitalAla majamUdAra ane Thakkara bApAnI preraNAthI aneka kAryakartA taiyAra thayA hatA. emanA sahayegathI kacchamAM vadhAre ne vadhAre harijanachAtrAlaya tathA zALAe khUlyAM, jeNe harijanA zaikSaNika temaja anya vikAsamAM nedhapAtra phALo Ape. khAdI-pravRttie ghaNuM harijana kuMTuMbone rojI ApI tathA bhAgalA vakhate harijana nirvAsita kuTuMbanA punarvasavATanuM kAma sArI rIte pAra pADI zakAyuM. 1918-19 nA gALAmAM DhasAmAM darabAra gopALadAse aMtyajonuM eka saMmelana belAvyuM hatuM temAM aspRzya uparAMta ghaNA hiMdu AgevAno hAjara rahyA hatA. kavi nAnAlAla enA prapukha hatA. traNa divasanA A saMmelanamAM aMtyaja bALakonA zikSaNa aMgenA ane muDadAla mAMsa tathA dArUnA tyAga aMgenA

Page #239
214 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI TharAva thayA hatA, ema chatAM savarNo sAthe prItibhojananI zarUAta karI zakAI na hatI. A badhI pravRttione kAraNe saurASTramAM ekaMdare thoDIka jAgRti AvI hatI, paraMtu A te pAzerAmAM pahelI pUNI hatI. saurASTramAM keTalAka pragatizIla rAjavIoe aMtyejonA vikAsa mATe pravRttio AdarI hatI, jemAM mukhyatve keLavaNI, jAhera sthAnanA vaparAzanI chUTa, maMdira praveza vagereno samAveza thata hate. khAsa karIne bhAvanagara tathA gaMDaLanAM rAjyae harijanazikSaNamAM sAro rasa lIdhe hatA. AgaLa paDatAM evAM keTalAMka dezI rAjyone bAda karatAM aspRzyanI paristhiti hajI zocanIya hatI. "A e jamAno hato ke jyAre aspRzya ujaLiyAtanA lattAomAM chUTathI praveza karI zaktA nahi. eone havADAmAMthI pANI bharavuM paDatuM. sArAM kapaDAM paherI na zakatA. mAthuM ughADuM rAkhI na zaktA, ghoDA para besI na zakatA, baeNnDa vAjAM vagADI na zaktA. zALAmAM praveza na maLata. DokTaro emane tapAsatA nahi, kampAunDara UMcethI zIzImAM davA reDI Apate. davA paNa sauthI chelle maLe. daracha mApa lIdhA vagara ja emanAM kapaDAM sIve. bebI emanAM kapaDAM dhue nahi. vALaMda vALa na kApI Ape. jAte ja vALa kApavA paDe. vaLI aiphisemAM nekarI maLe nahi."17 gAMdhIjI ane dalitoddhAranI pravRtti 1917 mAM akhila bhAratIya koMgrese enA adhivezanamAM aspRzyatA dUra karavAne AdezAtmaka TharAva pasAra karyo. 1919 thI gAMdhIjIe A aspRrayatAnivAraNanI pravRttine keMgresanA pitAnA kAryakramanA eka bhAga tarIke svIkArI. - aspRzya taraphanI dhRNA ochI karavA sau-prathama te gAMdhIjIe emane harijana" karIne sthApyA, paraMtu nAma badalavAthI savarNonI emanA taraphanI sUga ghaTI nahi. emanA gaMdA vyavasAye ane gaMdI Tevane kAraNe eo achUta che' ema ghaNA lekenuM kahevuM hatuM. A sUga ane mAnyatAmAM parivartana lAvavA gAMdhIjI AzramanA aMtavAsIo pAse A kAma karAvatA. eo pote evuM mAnatA hatA ke pratyeka vyakti potAne vyavasAya kare enAthI ucca ke nIca banI jatI nathI. vaNakara hoya te vaNe ane mocI ke camAra mATe cAmaDAM sApha karavAnuM rahe. bhaMgI pAyakhAnAM sApha kare tema anya saphAInuM kAma kare, ema chatAMya emane achUta gaNavAmAM na Ave tyAre aspRzyatA nAbUda thaI ema gaNAya. 8

Page #240
sAmAjika sthiti 215 gAMdhIjI harijana taraphanA vartAvamAM parivartana lAvavA mATe vana vANI tathA pracAra dvArA athAga prayatna karatA hatA. enI asara zaheramAM kAMIka aMze thatI hatI, para Mtu gAmaDAMomAM te gAmane chevADe alaga vasavATathI mAMDIne sa sevAthI vaMcita tevA harijanA paisA ApIne dukAnethI mAla keTalIye kAkalUdI pachI kharIdI zakatA. uccanIcanA pAyA para AvA ja durtAva hirAmAM paNa aMdaroaMdara thatA. ee pote paNa laghutAgraMthithI pIDAtA heAvAthI potAnI avadazA mATe nasIba ke peAtAnAM mane javAbadAra gaNatA ane savarNAthI dUra rahevAnA prayatna karatA. gAMdhIjIe sureMdrajIne camAranuM kAma seAMpyuM godharAmAM hirajanavAsamAM jaIne aMtyajonI sevA A kAyakarAe harijanonAM kAma zIkhI laI lAyakAta UbhI karI hatI.19 hatu. ane mAmAsAheba phaDakene karavAnuM kAma seAMpyuM hatu . emanAmAM jaI sevA karavAnI gAMdhIjInI preraNA tathA sava" kAya*karAnA prayAsothI 1917 mAM godharAmAM prathama aMtyaja pariSada maLI hatI, jeNe mukhyatve aMtyajo mATe zALAe karavAnuM kAryAM hAtha dharyu hatuM. AnA saMcAlananI javAbadArI mAmAsAheba phaDakenI hatI. godharAmAM eka bhaMgI zALAnI zarUAtamAMthI kAlakrame gAMdhIAzrama UbhA thayA. tyAra pachI 1918, 1922 ane 1923 mAM anukrame naDiyAda vaDhavANu ane ama* relImAM aMtyaja pariSado bharAI hatI. A pariSadone mukhya ka`krama atyajomAM jAgRti lAvavA uparAMta zALAe sthApavAne ane pIvAnA pANInI sagavaDa karavAnA rahyo hato. uparAMta 1923 mAM harijanAnA utkarSa mATe 'aMtyaja sevAmaMDaLa' nAmanI eka saMsthA zarU karavAmAM AvI hatI.ra0 A sarva prayatno chatAM gAmaDAnA savarNA harijanonA prazna hala karavA mATe jarAye gaMbhIra na hatA. aspRzyA pote paNu emane mATenA sevAkAya mAM joI e tevA sahakAra ApatA na hatA. 'hiMduonI pharaja'nA zISa"kavALAM patra A aMge sAro prakAza pADe che. godharAnA aMtyaja AzramamAMthI AvelA patranA ka sAra parathI evu sUcita thAya che ke tyAMnI zALAmAM aMtyaja bALakonA zikSagu uparAMta emanA cAritrya-dhaDataranA khyAla rAkhavAmAM AvatA hatA. A AzramanA traNa vidyAthI one sAruM vAtAvaraNa pUruM pADavA sAbaramatI rASTriya zALAmAM mokalyA. emanAM mAbApone A pasa Mda na paDayu. A bALako tyAM doDheka mahine rahyA haze te daramyAna sArI TevA zIkhyA ane tyAMnA vidyAyI ene paNa e

Page #241
216 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI koI rIte UtaratA na lAgyA. A bALako pAchA AvyA pachI bhIkhanuM khAvuM, dArU pIve, muDadAla mAMsa khAvuM ke gALa devI pasaMda karatA nahi hovAthI zikSake sAthe rahevA lAgyA ane emanI sAthe jamavA lAgyA. emanA vaDIlene A rucyuM nahi. emane ema lAgyuM ke amArA bALake amArA kahyAmAM raheze nahi, tethI baLajabarIthI bALakone ghera laI jaI bhIkhanuM khAvA tathA mAMsAhAra karAvavA eka chokarAne mAryo, paraMtu chokare makkama rahyo. paDozanA chokarAne jANa thatAM e zikSakane belAvI lAvyuM ane zikSake chokarAne choDAvyo. alabatta, AvA vartAva mATe mAbApa karatAM hiMdu samAja vadhAre javAbadAra che, je emane eThavADa ke muDadAla mAMsa khAvA majabUra kare che. samAjanI pharaja te e che ke harijenone AvuM eThuM khAvAnuM ApavAnuM baMdha kare.21 eka rIte joIe te harijanonI paristhiti AdivAsIo karatAM paNa kharAba hatI, kAraNa ke emane mAthe paraMparAgata gaMdA dhaMdhA ThokI besADavAmAM AvyA hatA, eTaluM ja nahi, ene kAraNe emane apavitra ane aspRzya gaNavAmAM AvyA hatA. harijane hiMdu samAjamAMnuM eka avibhAjya aMga che ane emane thatA anyAya hiduoe banatI tvarAe dUra kare joIe evuM gAMdhIjI mAnatA hatA. A bAbatanI pratIti bIjI goLamejI pariSadamAM briTiza sarakAre jyAre harijanone alaga matAdhikAra ane matadAramaMDaLo ApavAnI vAta karI tyAre emaNe AmaraNAMta upavAsa jAhera karIne karAvI. dalitanA netA AMbeDakara zarUAtamAM ema mAnatA hatA ke dalita hiMdu samAjanA bhAga tarIke rahIne pragati sAdhI zakaze, paraMtu samaya jatAM emane lAgyuM ke hiMduothI alaga paDIne ja dalita pitAnA hakka prApta karI zakaze ane tethI e alaga matAdhikAra ane beThako mATe AgrahI rahyA. gAMdhIjI pate te evuM mAnatA hatA ke harijane hiMdu samAjanuM ja eka aMga che ane eo judA paDI zake ja nahi. ladhumatI samitinI beThakamAM emaNe jaNAveluM ke aMtyajenA vizALa samudAyane pratinidhi hovAne da karuM chuM. amArA patraka para ane vastIpatrakamAM aMtyajene vaga alaga gaNAya ema ame IcchatA nathI. zIkha haMmezA zIkha rahe, musalamAne haMmezAM musalamAna rahe, yuropiyane haMmezA yuropiyane, paNa aMtyaje haMmezAM aspRzya raheze? ane spRzyatA che enA karatA hiMdu dharma rasAtaLa jAya e huM vadhuM icchuM."22 gAMdhIjInA upavAsanI vyApaka asara thaI. rAjakIya stare samAdhAnane mArga kADhavAmAM Avyo. upavAsanI kAMIka aMze gaMbhIra asara lemAnasane palaTavAmAM paNa thaI. gujarAta paNa AmAMthI mukta na hatuM. 1933 nA phebruArImAM

Page #242
sAmAjika sthiti 217 harijana sevaka saMghanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI. ThakakarabApA enA maMtrI hatA. saMghane mukhya uddeza harijananuM naitika sAmAjika ane Arthika kalyANa sAdha vAne ane anya savarNonI samakakSa emane darajaje sthapAya tevA prayatna karavAne hatuM. A uparAMta harijana sevaka saMghanI pravRtti tema pracArakArya mATe "harijanabaMdhuM mukhapatranI gujarAtI AvRtti zarU thaI. Ama chatAM gAMdhIjIne satata lAgyA karatuM hatuM ke harijano aMgenuM kArya uparachalluM che. harijanonA utkarSane prazna ghaNo viTa ane jaTila che samAja-parivartana ane lekamAnasa-parivartana mATe emaNe AtmazuddhinI jarUra joI je emaNe upavAsa dvArA siddha karavAne prayatna karyo. vyaktigata satyAgraha vakhate emaNe amadAvAdano Azrama harijana sevaka saMghane sepe, je "harijana Azrama' tarIke jANItuM thayuM. 1937 mAM koMgresa pradhAnamaMDaLe harijananA hitArthe keTalAka kAyadA karyA, ema chatAM gAMdhIjInA vakhatovakhatanA upavAsanI paNa lekamAnasa upara vyApaka asara paDI A sava pravRttionA phalasvarUpe svataMtra bhAratanA baMdhAraNamAM aspRzyatAne gerakAyadesara ane gunAhita jAhera karI che. dalita vargo ke je "anusUcita jAti tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyA hatA temane mATe saMvidhAnamAM savizeSa jogavAI karavAmAM AvI. e anusAra emane tathA anusUcita janajAtione zikSaNa tathA vyavasAyamAM savalate temaja keTalAka viziSTa lAbha ane hakakonuM pradAna karavAmAM AvyuM. gujarAtamAM zikSakSetro emanAmAMthI keTalIka keme sArI pragati karI zakI, paraMtu emanI aMdara paNa uccanIcanA bheda tathA chUtAchUta hovAthI badhI ja peTAjJAtio samAna rIte pragati karI zakI nathI. svAtaMtryaprApti pachI harijano mATe aneka sarakArI kalyANa yojanAo AvI ke jeNe zikSaNa raheThANa karI temAM anAmata beThaka tathA anya bAbatomAM suvidhA pUrI pADI, ema chatAM emanA samAjamAM seMdhapAtra pheraphAra AvI zakyo nahi, zaheramAM rahetA keTalAka zikSita harijane anya bhadrasamAja sAthe bhaLI javAnA hetuthI potAnA samAja sAthe vahevAra kApI nAkhatA athavA TALatA ane pitAnA samAjanA utkarSa mATe kAma karatA nahi. moTA bhAganA grAmavistAranA harijane pachAta ane garIba hovAthI emanA hakko aMge kAM te ajANa hatA athavA te enuM pAlana karAvavA mATe lAcAra hatA. emanAmAMnA ghaNe dArU tathA jugAra jevI badIomAM phasAyelA hatA tathA rivAjanI pakaDane kAraNe sAmAjika prasaMgoe gajA uparAMtanuM kharca karatA hovAthI devAdAra hatA. 1955 mAM aspRzyatAnivAraNa dhAro pasAra karavAmAM Avyo hovA chatAM enA amalamAM

Page #243
218 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI zithilatA hovAthI grAmavistAramAM bahudhA harijane tarapha kevaLa sUga ja nahi, paraMtu emanuM zoSaNa ane emanA tarapha phUra vartAva tathA damana cAlu rahyAM. | gujarAtamAM keTalAMka sthaLomAM aspRzyatAnuM aniSTa vyApaka svarUpe cAlu rahyuM. mahesANA jillAmAM e savizeSa jaNAya tyAre surata jillAmAM enI tIvratA ochI dekhAya. kacchamAM kadAca e vizeSa dekhAya. kacchamAM AbhaDa. cheTanI bIke kheDUte bALakone zALAe na mokalatAM alaga zALAo calAvatA. bhaMgIonI sthitimAM bahu taphAvata paDyo nahi. vaMzaparaMparAgata gaMdu kAma sudharAI dvArA emane mAthe ladAyeluM che te haLavuM thayuM nahi. are gaNutI sudharAIo paNa bhaMgI ke madAro mATe joIe tevI suvidhA UbhI karatI nathI. vaLI bhaMgI bhAIomAMthI gharAkI-prathA nAbUda thavI ghaTe 23 1960 sudhImAM gujarAtamAM harijane mATe aneka saMsthAo kAma karatI thaI hatI. aspRzyatAnivAraNa mATe harijana sevaka saMgha ke dalita sevaka saMgha jevI binasarakArI binarAjakIya saMsthAonA ekatrita prayAsothI aspRzyatAne ghaNI haLavI karI zakAI hatI. svAtaMtryaprApti pachI harijane mATe UbhI karelI jogavAIothI kacaDAyele dalita varga vikAsanA paMthe Age kadama mAMDavA zaktibhAna thaye. strIonI sthiti 19 mI sadIne uttarArdha gujarAtamAM hiMdusamAja mATe sudhArAyuga hato, jeNe vIsamI sadInI pahelI pacIsImAM sAmAjika krAMtinA zrIgaNeza mATe sAnukULa paristhiti UbhI karI A samaya daramyAna dalitanI jema samAjamAM strIonI sthiti paNa khedajanaka hatI. dalita ucca varNonI johukamI, jJAtivyavasthAnAM baMdhane temaja ajJAna aMdhazraddhA ane anya paribaLone kAraNe pisAtA hatA. moTA bhAganI hiMdu strIo paNa gharanI cAra dIvAlanI aMdara puruSonA varcasa tathA sAmAjika rUDhibaMdhane ane anya maryAdAomAM jakaDAyelI hatI. "suMdarI subodhIne lekha vIsamI sadInA zarUAtanA kAla pachInA strIonA mAnasa para vedhaka prakAza pheMke che. e samayanuM trIjIvana kAMIka dhArmika, vizeSa vahemI ane kAMIka saMrakSakazAstranI, purANI rUDhinI daDha thaI gayelI maryAdAomAM saMtoSa le che. gurujana tathA vaDIlavarganI AjJA sAme savAla thaI ja na zake evuM mAnavAvALuM che. 24 e samaye strIne vyakti tarIke keTale aMze svIkAra thata haze ane strI pote paNa sabhAnapaNe A aMge keTaluM vicAratI haze e aMge kahevuM muzkela che.

Page #244
sAmAjika sthiti 219 rAjA rAmamohanarAyathI mAMDIne gAMdhIjI hiMdamAM AvyA tyAM sudhImAM sAmAjika sudhArA ane strInA utkarSa mATe samagra hiMda ane gujarAtamAM aneka mahAnubhAvoe prayatna karyA hatA, paraMtu enI pAchaLa strImAna, strInI hIna dazA tarapha anukaMpA ane emane Arthika rIte pagabhara karI emanAM du:khadada ochAM karavAne khyAla mukhyatve rahela jaNAya che. A uparAMta strIone keLavaNI ApavI ke jethI teo sArI gRhiNI tathA mAtA banI zake tathA samAjanA kurivAjo dUra karavA prayatna karavA ke jethI ApoApa strIonI paristhiti sudhare evo khyAla paNa rahele jaNAya che. strI ane puruSa e gRhajIvana tathA samAjanAM samAna aMga che ane baMnene mATe samAna niyame, samAna dhArAdhoraNe ane samAna hakko hovAM joIe e khyAla samAjasudhArAnI pravRtti pAchaLa na hatA ema jaNAya che. A sarva pravRttione aMte paNa strIzakti pite te bahu ochI jAgrata thaI zakI hatI. emanI supta zaktione jagADavAnuM mAna gAMdhIjIne phALe jAya che. gAMdhIjInI preraNAthI videzI vastro tathA gharegane tyAga, videzI vastronI hoLI, dArU tADI tathA videzI kApaDanI dukAne para pikeTiMga tathA sabhA saraghasamAM lAThImAra khamI kuTuMbane cheDI jelavAsa bhogavatAM na acakAIne strIoe pitAnI zakitanuM samAjane bhAna karAvyuM, eTaluM ja nahi, emane pitAne paNa potAnI zakti nI pratIti thaI. samAjanA sarva staranI strIone svarAjyaprAptinI laDatamAM sAMkaLIne gAMdhIjI strIo abaLA nahi, paraMtu puruSa samovaDI che evuM pratipAdita karI zakyA. hiMdusamAjanI rUDhiomAM ghaNA pheraphAronI jarUra che ane khAsa karIne jJAtionA saMkucita vADA tathA strIone thatA anyAya dUra thavo ja joIe ane svarAjyaprApti jeTaluM ja mahattvanuM e prazna che evI manetti emaNe prajAmAM jAgrata karI.25 strIonI paristhitine yogya svarUpamAM samajavA mATe ene zaikSaNika ane lagnaviSayaka sAmAjika temaja kAnUnI saMdarbhanA pariprekSyamAM vicAra karavo ghaTe. A sadInA pahelA be dasakA daramyAna strIzikSaNano phelAve puruSanI sarakhAmaNImAM nahivata athavA atizaya dhIme, meTA bhAge, zaheromAM ane ghaNIkharI ucca jJAtionI strIomAM ja sImita hato. keTalAMka dezI rAjya strIkeLavaNImAM savizeSa rasa letAM hatAM. temAM vaDodarA bhAvanagara tathA goMDaLa mukhya hatAM. A rAjyae mukhya zaheromAM kanyAo mATe hAIskUle bolI hatI. gujarAtanAM anya mukhya zaheromAM paNa hAIskUle hatI 1921 nA vastIpatrakanA ucca zikSaNa ane mAdhya

Page #245
220 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mika zikSaNanA strIone lagatA AMkaDA darzAve che ke dara dasa hajAre amadAvAdamAM ra7, suratamAM 24, bharUcamAM 11, saurASTramAM 8 ane anya pradezamAM AnA karatAM paNa ochI saMkhyA hatI. agAu darzAvyuM che tema puruSo tathA strIo vaccenA zikSaNamAM bahu meTa taphAvata jaNAya che, paraMtu anya keme sAthe sarakhAmaNI karatAM A taphAvata vadhAre ghere bane che. 1921 nA vastIpatrakanA AMkaDA pramANe hiMduomAM dara hajAre 19, jainamAM 123, musalamAnamAM 12, pArasIomAM 674, khistIomAM 252 ane bhAratIya khristIomAM 169 strIo akSarajJAna pAmelI hatI. A AMkaDA e paNa sUcave che ke hiMdu strIo phakta musalamAna strIo karatAM ja AgaLa hatI, paraMtu anya komenI strIonI sarakhAmaNImAM eo khUba ja pAchaLa hatI 1931 nA aMdAjanA AMkaDA evuM sUcita kare che ke muMbaImAM dara hajAre 153 strIo akSarajJAna pAmelI hatI, jyAre vaDodarAmAM enI saMkhyA 184 hatI. gujarAtanAM bIjAM zaheronA cakakasa AMkaDA prApta na hovAthI e vize kahevuM muzkela che. vaDodarA rAjya strI-zikSaNa mATe sajAga hoI enA phelAvA mATe khAsa prayatna karatuM hatuM eTale samagra gujarAta mATe e AMkaDA uparathI tAraNa kADhavuM geramArge doranAruM nIvaDe. uparAMta, gAmaDAM karatAM zaheromAM zikSaNa mATe vadhAre sArI sagavaDa, strIzikSaNa mATe udAra valaNa ane keLavAtI ruci vagere bAbate zaheramAM rahetI strIonA zikSaNanA vikAsa mATe vadhAre phaLadAyI nIvaDe e svAbhAvika che.28 1961 mAM paNa strIpuruSanA akSarajJAnanA samagra citranI jhAMkhI karIe te lagabhaga 20 TakA strIo ja akSarajJAna dharAvatI hatI jyAre puruSonA TakA bamaNuM karatAM saheja vadhAre hatA. 45 varSanA samayagALA(19151960)mAM strI-puruSa vacce akSarajJAnamAM asamAnatA dekhAya che, paraMtu baMne vacce je meTI khAI hatI te DI ochI thaI che evuM AMkaDAo parathI sUcita thAya che. A samayagALA daramyAna ucca zikSaNanA kSetre jUja bahene AgaLa AvI hatI ane emAM mukhyatve zaheramAM rahetI bahene hatI, joke uttarottara paNa dhImI pragati joI zakAya che. kanyAone bhaNAvavA mATe lekamata UbhuM thatuM hatA, paraMtu kanyAnA zikSaNamAM meTAmAM merI ADakhIlI bALalagnanI hatI. bALalagna hiMduomAM bALalagna keLavaNImAM keTaluM avarodhaka hatuM e vastIpatrakamAMnA hiMduonA anyadhamIo sAthe e aMgenA AMkaDA sarakhAvatAM spaSTa thAya che.

Page #246
sAmAjika sthiti 221 gujarAtanA hiMduo AmAMthI mukta hevA mATe koI kAraNa nathI. 1931 nA vastI-gaNatarInA hevAla anusAra pAMcathI paMdara varSanA vayajUthamAM dara hajAre 222 pariNIta hiMduomAMthI 59 akSarajJAna pAmelA, jyAre musalamAnamAM 109 pariNIta ane 4ra akSarajJAna pAmelA, jainamAM 165 pariNata ane 22 akSarajJAna pAmelA ane khristIomAM 110 pariNIta ane 236 akSarajJAna pAmelA jaNAya che. 2. Ama hiMduomAM dara hajAre pariNItAnI saMkhyA sauthI vadhAre che ane zikSitonI saMkhyA musalamAna karatAM thoDIka ja vadhAre che. hiMdu strI mATe te nAnI uMmare lagna karavAnI zAstrANA hovAthI tathA keTalAMka sAmAjika kAraNone lIdhe bALalagnane bhega strIo ja vadhAre bane ane emane ja vadhAre zeSavuM paDe e svAbhAvika hatuM. vaDedarA rAjya keLavaNI temaja anya sudhArA karavAmAM mokhare hatuM, ema chatAM tyAM paNa dara hajAre paraNelAM chokarA-chokarIonA 1931 nA AMkaDA tapAsatAM 5 thI 10 varSanA vayajUthamAM 79 chokarA ane 198 chokarI tathA 10 thI 15 varSanI vayajUthamAM 182 chokarA ane 412 karI jaNAya che. vaDedarA rAjya 1904 mAM bALalagna-pratibaMdha dhAre' lAgu pADyo hate ane 1928 mAM emAM sudhAro karIne ATha varSathI nIcenI uMmaranI vyaktinAM lagna phoka gaNavAmAM AvatAM hatAM, ema chatAM rUDhinA prAbalya ane lekenA ajJAnane lIdhe bALalagna cAlu rahyAM.31 - briTiza gujarAtamAM 1930 eprilamAM 'zAraDA eNkaTa' amalamAM Avyo te anusAra 14 varSathI nIcenI chokarI ane 18 varSathI nIcenA chokarAnAM lagnane gune gaNavAmAM Avyo ane kAyadAmAM daMDa tathA jelanI sajAnI jogavAI karavAmAM AvI. kAyado cha mahinA pahelAM pasAra (1929 sapTembaramAM) karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ene lAbha laIne A cha mahinAnA gALAmAM sAmAnya samaya karatAM paNa savizeSa bALalagna thayAM. khAsa karIne AnI savizeSa viparIta asara strIo para thaI31 bALalagnathI strInI keLavaNImAM te vikSepa paDate ja, paraMtu enI sAthe ene anya vikAsa paNa aTakI ja. keTalIka vakhata te nAnI uMmare mAtRtva ane bAlavaidhavyane bhaya raheto. samaya jatAM bALalagna strIkeLavaNInA vikAsa sAthe keLavAyelA vargamAMthI sadaMtara nAza pAmAM ane enI asara grAmavistAramAM paNa dhIre dhIre pahoMcI.

Page #247
222 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI hiMdusamAjamAM vidhavA I. sa. 1856 mAM 'vidhavA punaHlagnanA kAyade' pasAra thayA hatA. karasanadAsa mULajI ane na`da temaja gujarAtanA anya samAjasudhArako vidhavA punala"gnane bahAlI ApatA hatA chatAM ucca jJAtiomAM vidhavAenAM lagnonI sa MkhyAmAM ke emanA taraphanA vanamAM A sadInI vIsI sudhImAM koI noMdhapAtra taphAvata jaNAyA nathI. vidhavAo mATe amuka prakAranI keLavaNI tathA Arthika svAtaMtryanI jarUra keTalAMka samaju mAbApe ane sudhArako joI zakyAM hatAM eTale surata amadAvAda vaDodarA jevAM meTAM zaheromAM keLavaNI ane hasta-udyoganI saMsthAe UbhI thaI hatI. AnA lAbha mATe bhAge vidhavAe ane duHkhI nirAdhAra strIo paNa letI. vidhavAne paNa vidhura jeTalA ja punaHlagnanA adhikAra che ene keTalAka lokoe saiddhAMtika svIkAra karyAM hatA, keTalAMka keLavAyelAM, AgaLa paDatAM kuTu bAe ene amalamAM paNa mUkI batAvyuM hatuM. vidyAbahena-zAradAbahenanA bhAI, ku jabihArInuM lagna jUnAgaDhanA nAgara gRhastha bApubhAI majamUdAranI bALavidhavA dohitrI sUrabahena sAthe baMne pakSeAnI saMmatithI thayuM hatuM, paraMtu AvAM lagna jUja thatAM, sAmAnya lokamata vidhavAlagnanI tarapheNamAM keLavAyo na hatA. emane zikSaNa ApI pagabhara karavI eTaluM zaherIjano svIkAratA thayA hatA, paraMtu grAmasamAjamAM vidhavAnI paristhitimAM koI khAsa pheraphAra Avyo na hato. vidhavAne veDavA paDatA trAsa tathA emanI maneAdazA vaSa~vatA ane kurivAjo aMge salAhasUcane mAgatA aneka patra gAMdhIjI upara AvatA. ucca hiMdunAtinI 'vidhavAne baLApA' e pustaka tathA ka McanalAla khAMDavALAnA kAgaLa32 AnAM javalaMta udAharaNu che. gAMdhIjI pote te koI paNa vidhavA pAse baLAtkAre vaidhavya paLAvavAnI tarapheNamAM na hatA chatA vidhavAonA du:khane upAya lagna ja che ema paN mAnatA na hatA. emanA mate bALalagnanAbUdI, khALalagnanI vidhavA ke lagnanA hakka bhogavyA sivAyanI 5dara varSathI nIcenI vidhavAne punala"gnanI chUTa, vaidhavya apazukana nahi, paraMtu pavitratAnI nizAnI, vidhavAne sAru zikSaNa ane dhaMdhAne prabaMdha vagere lAjo kAmayAba hatA.33 vidhavAnuM punaHlagna ke anya ilAjo tatkAlIna samAja sapUrNa paNe apanAvavA taiyAra na hatA. samaya jatAM dhIre dhIre vidhavA taraphanI sUga ochI thatI gai, emanA taraphanA vatanamAM theDI haLavAza AvI. 'sa MsAra sudhArA samAja'nI kAmagIrI tathA 'jyotidha'ra'nAM lakhANo tathA anya paribaLonI asarathI zaheramAM lokamata savizeSa keLavAyA, ema chatAM vidhura puruSa karatAM lagna vAMcchu vidhavA mATe megya pAtra meLavavAnI muzkelI te hatI ja, kAraNa ke samAjamAM

Page #248
sAmAjika sthiti 223 meTA bhAganA vidhura puruSe paNa kuMvArI kanyAne ja paraNavAnuM pasaMda karatA. zaheromAM vidhavAnAM pizAka, khAnapAna ane jAhera sthaLoe haravA pharavA mATenAM baMdhana DhIlAM paDyAM hatAM, paraMtu grAmasamAjamAM vidhavAnA veza ane keza aMgenI sakhAImAM theDe pharaka paDyo hato. vidhavAonAM ekaMdare duHkhadada ochAM thayAM hatAM. ghaNI vidhavAo zikSaNa meLavIne paga bhara thaI zakatI hatI, ema chatAM keTalAka rUDhigata aMdha khyAlemAM zaherI ke grAmINa samAjamAM koI taphAvata paDyo na hato. vidhavA kamanAM phaLa bhogave che. apazukaniyALa che, sArA kAmamAM enI hAjarI azubha che, vagere mAnyatAomAMthI bhAgyeja koI kuTuMba mukta hatuM. ema chatAM eTaluM kabUla karavuM joIe ke AjhAdInI laData, gAMdhIjInAM lakhANe, samAja sudhArakenA prayAse tathA strIzikSaNanA vikAsathI anya strIonI sAthe vidhavAo mATe paNa muktinAM dvAra khullAM thayAM hatAM. anya kurivAjo ane strIonI sthiti gAMdhIjInA Agamanane haju eka dasako vItyuM hatuM, emanAM kAryonI asara janasamAja para paDavAnI zarUAta hatI. samAjamAM aneka kurUDhio pracalita hatI ke jene kAraNe ucca jJAtionI strIonI sthiti vizeSa duHkhadAyaka hatI. hiMdusamAjamAM lagna e pratyeka strI mATe lagabhaga anivArya saMskAra hAI lagna sAthe saMkaLAyelAM sAmAjika aniSTone bhega moTe bhAge strIo ja banatI. paraThaNa vAMkaDe ke bhAre kariyAvarane kAraNe keTalIka jJAtiomAM bAlikA-hatyAnA banAva banatA hatA. khAsa karIne carotaranA pATIdAranAM bAra gAmamAM garIba mAbApe lagnanA asahya kharcamAMthI bacavA mATe bALakIne aphIga je jherI padAtha ApIne janma pachI mArI nAkhatAM.34 A uparAMta vRddhalagna kajoDAM kanyAvikraya sATAM ane tekhaDAM jevA rivAjene lIdhe strIo mATe viSama paristhiti sajatI. keTalIka jJAtiomAM kulInazAhI lagnaprathA ane varavikrayane kAraNe strIonI AtmahatyAnA athavA te emane mArI nAkhavAnA banAva banatA. lagna prasaMge vaDA jJAtivarA preta bhajana, TUMkamAM lagna tathA maraNa pAchaLa nANAne durvyaya temaja vahema aMdhazraddhA ke rUDhine lIdhe poSAtA keTalAka kurivAje vIsamI sadInA traNa dAyakA pachI paNa evA ne evA cAlu hatA, jene kAraNe strI jIvana vizeSa rahe sAtuM hatuM. zaheromAM eka prakAranAM aniSTa hatAM, te gAmaDAomAM bIjA prakAranAM. zaheromAM strIo mATe haravA pharavA raDavA ke lAja kADhavAnA rivAjama riphAra thayuM hatuM, paraMtu gAmaDAMone trIsamAja haju A bAbatamAM ghaNo pAchaLa hatA. A aMgenA pratyAghAta

Page #249
224. AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gAMdhIjInA "traNa patro' mAM joI zakAya che. emAM emaNe sAdAIne Agraha, lagna pAchaLane khoTe kharca, pazcimanI bedI nakala, varaDAnAM pradazane mAM kaLA ke viveka vicArane abhAva temaja lagna dhArmika kriyA tarIke sadaMtara bhulAI gayAne nirdeza karyo che. anya bAbatamAM maraNa prasaMge rokakaLa ane rovAphUTavA vakhate paDozI-dharma bhUlI jaI keTalIka vakhata kANu ke raDavA-phUTavAnuM phakta laukika ane koInI vAvaNInA khyAlathI ja thatuM hoya tevA daMbhI vartanane dUra karavA mATenuM sUcana che.35 bIjA keTalAka kurivAjo, dAkhalA tarIke kajoDAM bIjavara ane trIjavara ke je kadAca saurASTramAM sauthI vadhAre vyApaka haze te vize lakhatAM gAMdhIjI jaNAve che ke garIba mAbApe pitAnI chokarIo vecavA taiyAra thAya ane viSayAMdha dhanavAna loke kevaLa pitAnA viSaya piSavA sAru paisA ApavA taiyAra thAya ane samAja te sAMkhI zake tyAM lagI A saDo dUra tha lagabhaga aAkya che."36 A uparAMta 55 varSathI mAMDIne 80 varSanI uMmare pahoMcelA vRddho garIba mAbApanI bAra cauda varSanI putrIone pacIsa trIsa hajAra rUpiyA ApIne paraNatA. AmAM nAgara jevI ucca jJAtinA tathA prophesara jevA keLavAyelA puruSo paNa hatA.37 ema chatAM 'navajIvana'nAM lakhANa dvArA zaikSaNika asara paNa thatI hatI ane keTalAMka vRddha lagna aTakI paNa jatAM hatAM. Ama dhIre dhIre vRddhalagna viruddha lakSmata jAgrata thatuM hatuM ane anya kurivAjonuM varcasa paNa zithila thatuM jatuM hatuM. gAMdhIyuga daramyAna strIonI sthitimAM parivartana lAvavAmAM aneka paribaLoe bhAga bhajavyuM hatuM. strI zikSaNanA phelAvAthI strIomAM thoDI jAgRti AvI, enI sAthe AjhAdInI laDatamAM bhAga laIne emane pitAnI zakitanuM bhAna thayuM. Ama kAMIka aMze vicAratI thayelI strI keTalAMka baMdhane ane bALalagnamAMthI mukata banI, lagna aMge pitAnI pasaMdagI ADakatarI rIte paNa pradarzita karatI thaI vidhavAza pretabhojana tema revA-kUTavAnA tathA lAja kADhavA jevA keTalAka kurivAjomAM parivartana AvatuM gayuM. A sarvanI samagratayA asarathI strInI sthitimAM pheraphAra AvyA. AjhAdI pachI sAmAjika kSetre savizeSa krAMti AvelI jaNAya che. baMdhAraNa dvArA strI samAna hakkanI adhikAriNI banI. dipanI pratibaMdhadhAro" "chUTAcheDA tathA vArasA aMgene kAyade' vagere jevA sAmAjika kAyadAo dvArA strIne kAnUnI daSTie lagabhaga puruSa jeTalA hakka maLyA, AthI strInA darajajAmAM mahattvane pheraphAra Avyo. strIkeLavaNIne kevaLa vikAsa ja nahi, paraMtu vikasita jJAtiomAM

Page #250
sAmAjika sthiti 225 strIonI ucca zikSaNa mATenI tamannA ane jarUriyAte strIzikSaNa mATe zikSaNanAM sa` kSetro khullAM ryAM ane emAM emaNe ThIka ThIka saMkhyAmAM praveza karyAM. keLavaNIne prasAra thatAM bhaNelA yuvakonI bhaNelI yuvatio mATenI temaja lagnamAM jIvanasAthI mATe svapasaMdagI ane sa MmatinI mAMga vadhI. khALavidhavAnA praznanuM sahaja rIte nirAkaraNa thayuM, kAraNa ke keLavaNInA vikAsa sAthe lagnavaya UMcI jatAM bALalagna aTakamAM, jJAti bahAranAM lagnAnI TIkA ochI thatI gaI, paraprAMtIya lagna paNa keTalAMka mAbApa svIkAratAM thayAM hatAM. samAjamAM AvAM aneka parivatana AvyAM chatAM pATIdAra ane anAvaLA brAhmaNu jevI keTalIka jJAtimAM paraThaNu ke vAMkaDAnI prathA cAlu hatI, eTalu ja nahi, dhana tathA keLavaNInA vadhavA sAthe te vizeSa phUlIphAlI. kuLavAna ane sukhI gharanA ucca keLavaNI pAmelA putra mATe varapakSa kanyAnA pitA pAse moTI rakamanI mAgaNI karatAM acakAtA nahi. kadAca enuM theADu' svarUpa badalAyuM hatuM. khAsa karIne carotaranA judA judA gALanAM pATIdAra kuTu kheAmAM A jAtanI levaDadevaDe mAjhA mUkI hatI. pahelAM je varanI kiMmata thADA hajArAmAM a MkAtI te zikSaNa mATe paradeza javAnA kha' sudhI paheAMcI hatI. lagnanA kharca'mAM paNa traNa divasa jAna rAkhavAnA rivAjamAMthI eka divasanA jamaNa, nAsto tathA lagnanA bhabhakAne badale saMmelana dvArA TharAvA karIne dhaNI jJAtiomAM sAdAI nA hetuthI lauki ane kharcALa rivAjo upara kApa mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. A sa`nI avagaNanA karIne, daMDa bharIne paNa keTalAka paisAdAra loko lagna pAchaLa aDhaLaka paisA kharcItA, svAgata samAra MbhanA bhabhakA, jamaNavAra, maMDaponAM suzAbhanA tathA lAaA dvArA keTalIka vakhata dhananAM varavAM prazana thatAM. keTalIka vakhata dekhAdekhIe anya sAdhAraNa jJAtijanA emanu anukaraNa karatA ane devAnA khADAmAM UtaratAM, khIjI bAju sarakArI niyamana ane gAMdhIjInI asarathI samAjamAM sAdAIthI lagna karavAnI havA UbhI thaI, paraMtu AvAM lagna pramANamAM ochAM thatAM, jo ke samAja emanI TIkA karatA nahi e eka mahattvanI siddhi gaNAya. grAmINa samAjamAM rUDhicusta tathA madhyama ane pachAta jJAtimAM pretabhAjana tathA kANanA rivAja cAlu hatA. bALalagna-pratibaMdha dhArA' hovA chatAM khALalagna paNa thatAM. pachAta ane garIba varganI strIe svAzrayI hovAthI temaja emanAmAM punala`gnanA rivAja hovAthI vidhavAonA prazna gabhIra svarUpe na hatA, paraMtu je jJAtiemAM sATA ke tekhaDAMnI prathA hatI tyAM kanyAnI achatane lIdhe e prathA vooche aMze cAlu rahI ane joDAM temaja vRdghalagna paNa cAlu - 15

Page #251
226 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI rahyAM. A saMjogomAM mukAyelI strIonI sthitimAM koI khAsa parivartana AvyuM nahi. zramajIvI strIo bhadra samAjanI mahilAo jeTalI kadAca Arthika rIte lAcAra na hatI, paraMtu ajJAna azikSita hovAthI pitAnA haka mATe eTalI sabhAna paNa na hatI. madhyama ke ucca jJAtinI strIomAMthI keTalIka ucca zikSaNa pAmelI strIo ThekaTara vakIla prAdhyApaka temaja sarakArI ke binasarakArI oNphisamAM aneka prakAranA heddA dharAvatI thaI hatI. TAIpisTa sekreTarI nasa zikSikA TeliphonaoNpareTara ke samAjasevikA tarIke sArI saMkhyAmAM strIo kAma karatI paNa thaI hatI. rAjakAraNamAM paNa thoDIka strIo pitAnI zakita darzAvI zakI hatI. Ama nUtana strI tarIke puruSa-samakakSa kAmagIrI bajAvIne eo AgaLa AvI rahI hatI. paraMtu evI strIonI saMkhyA pramANamAM alpa hatI. ekaMdare jotAM moTA bhAganI grAmINa ane pachAta varganI strIonI sthitimAM bahu moTu parivartana joI zakAtuM nathI, enuM eka kAraNa e paNa heI zake ke emanA jIvanane meTo bhAga kuTuMbanI dekhabhALa ane jIvana jarUriyAta mATe zrama karavAmAM ja vyatIta thatuM hovAthI emane mATe svavikAsanI kaI taka ke keI viziSTa jogavAI na hatI. svAtaMtryaprApti pachI pachAta ane grAmINa samAjanA kalyANa mATe sarakArI temaja binasarakArI saMsthAo vadhAre ne vadhAre kAma karatI thaI hatI, ema chatAM grAmINa strI-samAjamAM asarakAraka jAgRti AvI zakI na hatI. loka-kalyANa ane sAmAjika maMDaLa leka-kalyANanI pravRtti ghaNA jUnA samayathI koI ne koI rIte samAjamAM pravatatI hatI. Adhunika kAlamAM enA taraphane thaDa abhigama badalAye hate. khAsa karIne gAMdhIjInI grAmavikAsa mATenI racanAtmaka pravRtti. aMtyo AdivAsI tathA majUranA kalyANa vizenA kAryakrame, strI-unnati mATenA prayatna ane sarvanA ziraDa samAM sarvodaya mATenA prayAsane leka-kalyANanA kAryakramonAM Adhunika svarUpa tarIke gaNI zakAya. grAmavikAsanA kAryakramamAM garIba kacaDAyelA pachAta grAmajanonA kalyANanI bhAvanA rahelI che, jyAre sarvodayanA khyAlamAM samAjamAM sauthI chevADe paDI rahelAne udhAra eTale ke samAjanA nabaLA ane tarachoDAyelA leke mATe mukhyatve raheThANa samatala kherAka vaidyakIya sAravAra tathA bALakonA zikSaNane samAveza thAya che.

Page #252
sAmAjika sthiti 227 carakhA ane gRha-udyoga dvArA Arthika ane sAmAjika samAnatA sthApIne A lekenuM kalyANa sAdhI zakAze ema gAMdhIjI mAnatA hatA.30 grAmavAsIo karatAM paNa gujarAtamAM AdivAsIonI sthiti vadhAre kaMgALa hatI. emanuM zAhukAra dvArA zoSaNa thatuM, uparAMta anya adhikArIo dvArA kanaDagata thatI. vaDodarA rAjya-zAsita vistAramAM emanA utkarSa mATe sayAjIrAve pahela karI hatI.emanI dInahIna dazAthI dravita thaIne 1917-18 mAM paMcamahAlamAM sukhadevabhAIe emanI sevAnuM kArya zarU karyuM hatuM. dukALanAM varSomAM bhIla lekemAM rAhata kArya mATe IdulAla yAjJika ane ThakkarabApA gayA. eonI paristhitithI vyathita thaIne, sevAne bhekha laIne ThakkarabApA thoDAka kAryakaro sAthe kAyama mATe e vistAramAM bhIlenI sevA athe besI gayA ane 1923 mAM bhIla sevA maMDaLanI sthApanA karI. A maMDaLa dvArA AzramazALAonI sthApanA thaI temaja anya pravRttio zarU karavAmAM AvI. AdivAsIomAM zikSaNa uparAMta emanuM zoSaNa aTakAvI, gRhaudyoga dvArA rojIroTInI tako UbhI karI, emanAMmAMthI ajJAna, vahema jaDatA dUra karI emanAM sarvAgI vikAsa ane kalyANa mATe kAryakaroe athAka prayatna karyA. AzramazALAo AdivAsIonA zikSaNa mATe kalyANakArI thaI hatI eTale ene "janA' tarIke prathama muMbaI rAjya ane tyAra pachI bhAratanAM anya rAjyoe apanAvI. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM jaMgala jevA AdivAsI-vistAramAM veDachI gAme jugatarAma davee thANuM nAkhyuM. AdivAsIonA vikAsa mATe emaNe "rAnIparaja sevAsaMdha sthApIne haLapationA prazna ukelavAnA prayAsa karyA hatA. zikSaNanA phelAvAthI AdivAsIomAMthI ja keTalAka kAryakartAo UbhA thayA hatA. eo pite ja pitAnA lekenA kalyANakAryamAM sAtha ApavA samartha banyA hatA. AjhAdInI caLavaLa daramyAna narahari parIkha ne svAmI AnaMda temaja keTalAye nAnAMmoTAM sevaka lekakalyANanI pravRtti sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA. mIThubahena piTITe gAMdhIjInI asarathI raMgAIne pitAnuM jIvana dezasevA ane dIna duHkhiyAMnI sevAmAM arpaNa karyuM. emaNe mAMDavI tAlukAnA punA gAme rAnIparaja vidyAlaya ane khAdI Azrama sthApIne rAnIparaja kemanI mahattvanI sevA karI. A uparAMta karamasajI piTITa daradI-nivAsa'nI sthApanA karI temaja " "marelI AzramanI sAthe mAnasika dadIo mATe eka keMdranI sthApanA karI. mAnasika dardIonI sAravAra mATenAM gujarAtamAM je thoDAM kedra che temAM A eka agrasthAne che. 39

Page #253
228 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI samagra gujarAta ane anya pradezomAM paNa jyAM jyAM Apatti AvI tyAM tyAM lekakalyANa mATe kAyA dhasI nAkhanAra ravizaMkara mahArAjane je maLa muzkela che. rogacALA hoya ke ativRSTi, duSkALa hoya ke hiMdu-musalamAna tophAna, saMkaTamAM sapaDAyelAM sarva loko mATe bhArobhAra anukaMpA sAthe mahArAja nIDarapaNe, jAtanI paNa darakAra sivAya, divasarAta lekanI rAhata mATe kAryarata rahetA. vaDodarA tathA kheDA jillAnA bAraiyA, pATaNavADiyA, keLA, rajapUta vagere garIba vastInAM duHkha darda samajIne ene dUra karavAne pratyana karatA. khAsa karIne cerI ane bahAravaTA mATe paMkAyelI pATaNavADiyA ane bAraiyA kemane emaNe sumAge vALI hatI. kheDA jillAmAMthI hAjarIne kALo kAyado emaNe dUra karAvyo hato. Ama nIcalA staranA lekane vizvAsa saMpAdana karI e emanAmAM pUjanIya banyA hatA. eTale ja emanAmAMthI ghaNAne vyasanamukta karI sanmArge vALI zakyA hatA. eo mahenata majUrI karI prAmANika roTalo raLe te raste mahArAje emane cIo hatuM. Ama bhUkha ane zAhukAranA paMjAmAMthI mahArAje emane choDAvyA hatA ane keTaleka aMze amaladAronA damanamAMthI paNa choDAvyA. lekakalyANanI emanI tamannA zarIra cAlyuM tyAM sudhI eTalI ane eTalI ja prabaLa rahI.40 gAMdhIjInI AzramI keLavaNIne jene jene pAsa lAge temAMnA ghaNAkharA kAryakara gujarAtamAM, karacha, saurASTra sahita aneka sthaLoe Azrame sthApIne gAmaDAMmAM le sevA arthe besI gayA hatA ane sevAnuM zikSaNa caritArtha karatA hatA. amadAvAdamAM majUra-kalyANa pravRttinI zarUAta karanAra anasUyAbahena sArAbhAI hatAM. 1914mAM jyubilI mila sAmenI "amarApurA" cAlImAM majUra bALako mATenI zALA emaNe zarU karI hatI. A zALA divase majUra bALake ane rAtre majUro mATe cAlatI. 1916 mAM gAMdhIjIe A zALAnI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. emaNe zALA jaI khuzI vyakta karI, paNa bALakanAM zarIra ane svacchatA tarapha vizeSa dhyAna ApavAnuM sUcana karyuM. A kArya dhIre dhIre kRSNalAla desAI bacubhAI vakIla ane amubhAI mahetAnI madadathI vikasyuM ane zikSaNa uparAMta sAmAjika pravRttio zarU karavA mATe emaNe eka maMDaLa sthApavAnuM vicAryuM, tenuM nAma "majUra mitra maMDaLa" rAkhyuM. maMDaLamAM anasUyAbahena uparAMta zaMkaralAla baeNnkara, kRSNalAla desAI tathA kAlidAsa jhaverI mukhya kAryakartAo hatA. 1917 mAM tANAvANAnuM mahAjana racAyuM hatuM. tANAvANA khAtAnA

Page #254
sAmAjika sthiti 229 benasanA praznamAM majUrone anasUyAbahenanAM salAha sUcana tathA chevaTe gAMdhIjI tathA anasUyAbahenanuM netRttva sAMpaDayuM. 4' emaNe majUrone aneka kaTokaTInA prasaMge mArgadarzana ApyuM temaja emanA vikAsa mATe uttarottara racanAtmaka pravRtti vikasAvavAmAM sAro rasa lIdhe. zikSaNa uparAMta, kAmanA kalAke, strIo sAthene vartAva, emane ApavI joItI sagavaDa, pIvAnuM pANI, pezAbakhAnAM, pAyakhAnAM, jamavA mATe svaccha jagA, gheDiyA gharanI vyavasthA vagerene ghaNIkharI milamAM abhAva hato. A sava aMge jarUrI vyavasthA UbhI karavA mATe gAMdhIjIe lekho lakhI tathA maMca mAraphata tAkIda karI majUronI jarUriyAta pUrI karavA mila esesiezanane dabANa karyuM. majUronA kauTuMbika jIvanane sudhAravA mATe paNa vividha pravRttio hAtha dharavAmAM AvatI. svAtaMtryaprApti pachI samAjanA nabaLA vargonA kalyANa mATe khAsa savalato UbhI karavAnA prayatna thayA che. anusUcita jAti ane anusUcita janajAti mATe keMdramAM kamizanara nImI emanA mATe khAsa jogavAIo UbhI karavAmAM AvI ane ene AdhAre rAjyamAM emanA kalyANa mATe aneka yojanAo zarU karavAmAM AvI. vAstavamAM samAjanAM A nabaLAM agenA sava ekama ene samAna rIte lAbha laI zakyA nahi. vicaratI jAti temaja gunAhita jAtinA vikAsa mATe keTalIka khAsa suvidhAo pUrI pADavAmAM AvI tene lAbha paNa bahu ocho leke laI zakyA. A badhI yojanAo ane pravRttio pAchaLanuM mukhya Azaya samAjanA pAchaLa paDI gayelAM aMgone jarUrI sagavaDa ApI emano vikAsa sAdhI anyanI samakakSa mukavAnuM hatuM, paraMtu A bAbatamAM bahuja dhImI pragati thaI zakI. majUra-kalyANa kSetre majUra mahAjane ghaNuM sakriya ane sabaLa banyAM hovAthI majUro mATe ghaNI savalate meLavI zakAI, ema chatAM gAMdhIjInA TrasTrIzipanA khyAlane AMbI zakAyuM nathI. sAmAjika maMDaLa vIsamI sadInI zarUAtamAM keTalAMka meTAM zaheromAM sAmAjika saMsthAo kAma karatI thaI hatI. 1903 mAM muMbaI mAM "gujarAtI hiMdu strI maMDaLanI sthApanA thaI hatI ane 1909mAM "sevAsadana' sthapAyuM hatuM. AvI saMsthAone mukhya uddeza strIomAM jAgRti lAvavAne tathA emane vividha prakAranI tAlIma ApI eo pagabhara thAya tathA samAjane upayogI thaI zake te hatuM. A saMsthAnuM saMcAlana karanAra ke pravRttiomAM rasa lenAra mukhyatve ucca ke madhyama staramAMthI AvatI zikSita mahilAo hatI. 1916 mAM amadAvAdamAM

Page #255
230 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 'saMsAra sudhArA pariSada' bharAI tenA svAgata maMDaLanA pramukha ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha hatA. Ama sAmAjika sudhArA mATe jAgRti AvatI hatI. gAMdhIjInA grAmodhAra tathA racanAtmaka kAryakramane kAraNe aneka sAmAjika saMgaThana UbhAM thatAM hatAM ane aneka navI pravRttine vega maLatA hatA, temAMthI preraNA meLavIne A samaya daramyAna racAyelI ghaNI nAnI moTI sa MsthA dalita majUra tathA pachAta vargonA kalyANunI ane strIe tathA bALakonA sarakSaNanI pravRttiomAM tanamanathI kAma karatI rahI.42 gAMdhIjInI AjhAdInI laDate samagra dezanI cetanA jagADI hatI. strIkeLavaNInA dhImA paraMtu satata vistAramAM ane AjhAdI jaMgamAM jhukAvIne bahene jAgrata thatI hatI. A paristhitimAM keTalIka keLavAyelI baheneAe AgevAnI laIne sAmAjika jAgRti lAvavA mATe prayAsa AdaryAM, tenA phalasvarUpe 1926-27 mAM akhila hiMdu mahilA pariSada'nA uddabhava thayA. A sa MsthAnI sthApanAmAM mahArANI cimanAbAI, ha MsAbahena mahetA, vidyAbahena nIlakaMTha, jyotsanAbahena zukala vagere gujarAtanI baheneAe sakriya rasa lIdhA. dhIre dhIre upayu`kta saMsthAnI gujarAtamAM aneka zAkhAe vaTavrukSanI jema vistarI. pUNemAM maLelA 'akhila hiMda mahilA zaikSaNika kaoNnpharansa'nA prathama adhivezanamAM ja kanyAkeLavaNImAM bALa lagna avarodhaka hevAthI lagnavaya UMcI laI javA mATenA TharAva pasAra karyAM, tenA anusaMdhAnamAM harabilAsa zAraDAnA bALalagna-pratibaMdhaka kharaDA' ne gujarAtanI ahenAe lAkhAnI saMkhyAmAM sahI jhuMbeza dvArA Teko ApyA hatA. akhila hiMda mahilA pariSada'nI zAkhAonI anekavidha pravRttimAM strIo tathA bALakalyANa mATenI kAmagIrI, sIvaNavargA, sa MskAra kAyakramA tathA zaherAmAM sIvaNu-gUthaNanA vargo, vikalAMga mATe tAlIma tathA Azraya sthAna dhADiyAdharA ityAdi mukhya hatAM. Arthika svAtaMtryavinA zrI pAMgaLI rahe che e khyAlane keMdramAM rAkhIne strIe mATe udyogAlayA athavA hasta-udyoganI jogavAI mATenI sasthA sthApavAnA vicAra keTalAka lokone AvyA hatA. khAsa karIne tyaktA ke vidhavA strI mATe Arthika svAta Mtrya savizeSa jarUrI hatu A hetune lakSamAM rAkhIne vaDodarAmAM cimanabhAI strI udyogAlaya'nI sthApanA thaI hatI. evI ja rIte anya zaheramAM paNa AvI saMsthA zarU thaI hatI.

Page #256
231 sAmAjika sthiti 1930 nI caLavaLa pachI sAmAnya rIte strI ghara bahAranI pravRttimAM bhAga letI thaI hatI, paraMtu emanA prazna UkalyA na hatA. strIone jusso TakAvI rAkhavA ane emanI zaktine yogya upayoga karavA mATe emane sAmAjika sevA kAryamAM sAMkaLavAnI jarUra hatI. strIonA praznone samajIne ukela lAve tevI koI saMsthA astitvamAM na hatI. A baMnene sumeLa sAdhIne koI saMsthA UbhI karavAne khyAla mRdulAbahenanA manamAM AkAra letuM hatuM, je mUta svarUpe "jyotisaMgha' tarIke vikasyo. strInuM gRha tathA samAjamAM samAna sthAna, vyakti vikAsa, svanirNayane adhikAra, Arthika svAvalaMbana ityAdi bAbate 1934 mAM zarU thayelA jyotisaMdhanA mukhya uddeza ane pravRttinA kendrasthAne hatI. "jyotisaMgha'nI zarUAtanI pravRtti samaye lekamAnasa enI viruddha hatuM. strI svAvalaMbI thAya te kuTuMba chinnabhinna thaI jAya evI vicArasaraNI dharAvanAra samAja hatA, ema chatAM samaya jatAM jyotisaMghanI pravRttio vikasI tathA tenI bhAvanAo ane uddezane svAbhAvika svIkAra thaye.43 strInI nItimattA sAthe saMkaLAyele bIjo prazna hato gerakAyadesara bALakane. strIne vyakti tarIke svIkAra ane anAtha bALaka e rASTranI saMpatti che A bAbatane saMpUrNapaNe svIkAra te haju paNa thayuM nathI, ema chatAM strIne sAmAjika nyAya ApavA khAtara paNa apariNIta mAtA tathA tenA bALaka mATe saMsthAkIya jogavAI karavI jarUrI hatI. emanuM samAjamAM puna:sthApana tathA anAtha bALake pUrNa nAgarika tarIke vikase te prabaMdha karavo te samAja tathA rAjya mATe jarUrI pagaluM hatuM. amadAvAdane "mahIpatarAma anAthAzrama" kAMIka aMze AvI sevA pUrI pADatA hatA, paraMtu e paryApta na hatI. amadAvAdamAM strIo tathA bALako mATe A prakAranA hetuone lakSamAM rAkhIne 1937 mAM "vikAsagRha" dvArA vyavasthita pravRtti zarU karavAmAM AvI. dasakA daramyAna rAjakIya ane sAmAjika jAgRtinA pariNAme gujarAtamAM judAM judAM zaheramAM "vikAsagRha" khUlatAM gayAM. saurASTramAM nAnAM nAnAM rajavADAMne lIdhe paristhiti thoDI judI hatI. bhAvanagara rAjakoTa ane geMDaLa jevAM AgaLa paDatAM dezI rAjyamAM 1945 sudhImAM strI-ke bAla-upayogI sAmAjika saMsthAo kAma karatI hatI. keTalAMka rAjya-saMcAlita anAthAzrama paNa hatAM. 1944 thI 1947 sudhImAM ghaNAM strI-maMDaLa zarU thayAM, jemAM "pragatigRha - haLavada, vikAsavidyAlaya -vaDhavANa ane "vikAsagRha'-rAjakeTa mukhya hatAM.44 svarAjya prApti pachI sAmAjika sevA maMDaLonA abhigamamAM eka spaSTa pheraphAra joI zakAya che. samagra rASTrane lakSamAM rAkhIne samAjakalyANa mATe vyavasthita

Page #257
232 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI tataMtraracanA UbhI karavAnA khyAla UbhA thayA hatA. e uparAMta nAnAmAM nAnAM kAryAnvita ekamane anudAna ApIne vadhAre kAya`zIla karavAnA khyAla paNa UbhA thayA hatA. gAmaDAMne paNu A yojanAone savizeSa lAbha maLe te rIte sAMkaLIne ghaTatu karavuM joIe evI vicAraNA thavA mAMDI. AnA paripAkarUpe 1953 mAM keMdrIya samAja kalyANa me'nI sthApanA thaI ane enA anusaMdhAnamAM eka samiti nImavAmAM AvI teNe samagra rASTrane pravAsa karI, kAya`karonI mulAkAta laI hevAla taiyAra karyAM, jene AdhAre pratyeka rAjyamAM 'samAja-kalyANa khADa'nI racanA thaI. 1953 sudhI ghaNu MkharuM meTAM zaheramAM kAma thatu hatu. ene badale 1954 thI gujarAtanAM gAmaDAMemAM paNa e prakAranuM kArya zarU karyu. khAsa karIne khAlavADI prauDha zikSaNa samAja zikSaNa Arogya sevA ityAdi kAryAM gAmaDAMonI nAnI nAnI sAmAjika sasthAoe temaja anya sevAma`DaLAe upADI lIdhAM. gAmaDAMone upayogI sevA pUrI pADatI khIjI AgaLa paDatI saMsthA te gujarAtamAM sthapAyela 'kastUrabA vidyAlaya.' samAjakalyANanI pravRttine gAmaDAMomAM vegavaMtI banAvavA mATe grAmaprazno samajI gAmaDAMmAM rahevA taiyAra hoya tevI tAlImabaddha grAmasevikAo jarUrI hatI. A vidyAlaya mahetAne A prakAranI tAlIma Ape che. kastUrabA smAraka nidhi'nA uddeza gAmaDAMonI bahene mATe kAMIka kAma thaI zake tevA hovAthI A prakAranI tAlIma pAchaLane hetu amuka aMze phalita thAya che. svataMtra bhAratamAM sAmAjika sevA sa MsthAonI saMkhyAmAM bharatI ane thoDIka vividhatA paNa AvI. strI bALako vidhavA patitA vikalAMga anAtha pachAta mATe kAya karatI aneka prakAranI sAmAjika saMsthAe sAmAjika sudhAraNA ane janakalyANa mATe racAI hatI. keTalIka sa MsthAo satyAgrahanA AMdolana daramyAna, khAsa karIne strIo tathA pachAta vargonA klyANa athe, astitvamAM AvI hatI. keTalIka saMsthAe sAmAjika prazno hala karavA ane samAjane keTalIka viziSTa sevA pUrI pADavA mATe uddabhavI hatI. svata Mtra bhAratamAM A sava` sa MsthAenuM kAma cAlu hatuM, para Mtu eenA abhigamamAM Du` parivatana AvyuM hatuM. kAyakarAnA valaNamAM mULabhUta taphAvata e Avyo ke emane kAma karavAnA jussA narama paDayA. svarAjyaprAptithI jANe ke sAmAjika krAMti paNa hAMsala thaI gaI athavA thaI jaze evA bhrama keTalAMkanA manamAM Ubho thayA, jene pariNAme sudhArA karavA mATenA athavA kAya" karavAnA jussAmAM zithilatA AvI. saMsthA pahelAM je svanibhara athavA lAAdhArita hatI tene badale vadhAre ne vadhAre sarakArI sahAya upara

Page #258
sAmAjika sthiti AdhAra rAkhatI thatI gaI. pariNAme saMsthAnI svAyattatA upara kApa AvyuM. sarakArI anudAna mATe sarakArI ekaThAmAM baMdhabesatA rahIne kAma karavuM paDatuM, jethI lokasevAnI koI navI yojanA, navo vicAra ke prayoga amalamAM mUkavA mATe sarakArI niyamanA DhAMcAnI bahAra javA mATe bahuja maryAdita athavA nahivata avakAza hatA. kAryakaronuM kamiTamenTa ochuM thatuM gayuM ane sevAne badale saMsthAmAM nokarI karavAne bhAva vadhate gaye. A badhA pheraphAro chatAM TUMkamAM ema kahI zakAya ke 1960 sudhImAM lekakalyANa athe gujarAtamAM sarakArI temaja binasarakArI aneka nAnI moTI saMsthAo grAma-pradeza temaja zaheromAM viksI hatI ane strI bALaka majUra ane pachAta vargonI sevAmAM eoe ThIka ThIka phALo Apyo hato. pArasI samAja lagabhaga agiyAra varSa pahelAM pArasIo IrAnamAMthI sthaLAMtara karIne gujarAtamAM AvIne vasyA. emaNe gujarAtane pitAnuM vatana banAvyuM. gujarAtI bhASA tathA keTalAka rivAja apanAvyA ane kAlakrame emanA sAmAjika jIvanamAM gujarAtanI sAMskRtika chAMTa paNa AvI. aMgrejonA amala daramyAna pArasIo emanA savizeSa saMparkamAM AvyA ane emanI jIvanazailIne pAzcAtya saMskRtine paNa raMga lAge, ema chatAM vastInI daSTie A khUbaja nAnakaDI pArasI keme pitAnI dharma-praNAlIne custapaNe jALavI rAkhI. ene kAraNe emanI keTalIka AgavI ane viziSTa saMskRti paNa jaLavAI rahI che. 1901 mAM pArasIonI kula vastI 1,00,96 hatI te theDIka vadhIne 1961 mAM 1,00,772 nI thaI. 19 mI sadI daramyAna pArasIonuM gujarAta bahAra, khAsa karIne muMbaImAM sthaLAMtara karavAnuM valaNa A samaya daramyAna paNa cAlu rahyuM. pariNAme, 1961 mAM mAtra 17 TakA pArasIo gujarAtamAM vasatA hatA, jyAre 70 TakA pArasIo ekalA muMbaI zaheramAM vasatA hatA.45 balasArAnA kathana mujaba 1935 nA arasAmAM 89 TakA pArasIo zaheramAM vasatA hatA, jyAre 1961 mAM samagra bhAratanA 94.ra TakA ane gujarAtanA 73 TakA pArasIo zaheramAM vasatA hatA. bhAratanI anyadhamI zaherI vastInI TakAvArI jotAM jaNAya che ke pArasIomAM zaherIkaraNanI prakriyA khUbaja vadhAre pramANamAM hatI. pArasIomAM ATalI moTI mAtrAnA zaherIkaraNamAM emanI bhaugolika gatizIlatAnI sAthe sAthe vyAvasAyika gatizIlatA paNa jovA maLe che. zahera

Page #259
234 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sivAyanA cha TakA pArasIonA moTA bhAganA, gujarAtanAM gAmaDAomAM vasatA hatA teo mukhyatve khetI ane dArUtADInA paraMparAgata vyavasAya tathA TrAnsaparTanA dhaMdhAmAM rokAyelA hatA.' dakSiNa gujarAtamAM narmadA ane tApI vaccenA medAvarA pradeza tarIke oLakhAtA pradezanAM gAmaDAomAM vasatA pArasIo "godAvarA pArasI' tarIke oLakhAya che. emane mukhya vyavasAya khetI hate. AkAzI khetImAM utpannanI anizcitatAne kAraNe emanuM gaNe te jamIna ApavAnuM valaNa dhIme dhIme vadhatuM gayuM ane khetI emane gauNa vyavasAya bane. kheDe tenI jamInane kAyado amalamAM AvatAM ghaNAM pArasI kuTuMbee emanI jamIna gumAvI dIdhI, pArasIonA hAthamAM agatyane vyavasAya dArUtADIne hate. dArUbaMdhI dAkhala thatAM dhaNAM kuTuMbane dhaMdhe paDI bhAgyA. myunisipala ane rAjyanI TrAnsaporTa sevA zarU thatAM khAnagI TrAnsaporTa sarvisa calAvatA pArasIonA dhaMdhAne paNa phaTako paDayo. A badhAM paribaLone kAraNe gujarAtanA grAmavistAramAM vasatA pArasIomAM zaheramAM sthaLAMtara karavA taraphanuM valaNa vadhyuM.* bIjI bAjue sarakAranI dArUbaMdhInI nIti haLavI thavAnI ane dArUtADIne dhaMdhe punaH cAluM thavAnI AzA, pitAnI jamIna kheDe nahi te kAyadAnA lIdhe jamIna gumAvI devAnI bIka, ane ucca keLavaNIe bilakula tAlIma vinA zaheramAM sthaLAMtara karavAmAM dhaMdhArojagAra meLavavAmAM rahelA jokhamanI dahezatane kAraNe paNa keTalAMka pArasI kuTuMbee grAma-vasavATa sAthe jakaDAI rahevAnuM ucita mAnyuM 48 keLavaNInA kSetre pArasI kema khUba ja AgaLa rahI che. 1931 mAM 84.5 TakA puruSo ane 73.4 TakA strIo akSarajJAna dharAvatAM hatAM. mANeka mistrInA grAmavistAranA 1,100 gujarAtI pArasI kuTuMbanA sarvekSaNa pramANe 36 TakA vaDAoe prAthamika zikSaNa, 45.5 TakA vaDAoe mAdhyamika zikSaNa, 12.3 TakA vaDAoe mAdhyamika maeNTrikyulezana ane 2.8 TakA vaDAoe koleja zikSaNa prApta karyuM hatuM.49 godAvarA pArasInA abhyAsamAM paNa mAtra pAMca TakA pArasIo je nirakSara jaNAyA hatA.50 pArasIoe potAnI kemanA zikSaNa mATe aneka sthaLoe prAthamika temaja mAdhyamika zALAo kholI hatI. khAsa karIne surata bharUca ane navasArInI emanI aneka saMsthAo (anAtha Azrame, grAmagRhe vagere) bALaka nA zikSaNanI javAbadArI uThAvatI jaNAya che, uparAMta anya TrasTo mAraphate pArasI vidyArthIone zikSaNa mATe ziSyavRttio ane Arthika madada maLI rahetI. A kAmamAM zikSaNanA ghaNAM UMcA

Page #260
235 sAmAjika sthiti pramANa mATe pArasIonI udAra sakhAvate paNa kAraNabhUta che. pramANamAM UMcuM zikSaNa ane zaherI karaNane kAraNe ghaNA pArasIoe lokhaMDa ane kApaDanA udyogamAM jhaMpalAvyuM hatuM. suratamAM bekarI ane surata tathA amadAvAdamAM zarabatI pINanA udyogamAM paNa pArasIo mokhare hatA. surata tathA bharUca jillAmAM pArasIo "rUnA rAjA' tarIke jANItA banyA hatA. alabatta, vakhata jatAM, A badhAM udyoga-kSetromAM bIjA harIpha UbhA thatAM pArasIonI amuka dhaMdhAomAM IjArA jevI sthitimAM pheraphAra paDyo. ucca zikSaNa lIdhelAmAMthI keTalAka pArasIoe paradezagamana karyuM. moTA bhAganA pArasIo muMbaImAM vividha udyogo tathA nokarIomAM joDAyA. svataMtratA pachInA kAlamAM gujarAtanA meTA bhAganA pArasIo khetI DerI dhIradhAra kariyANAnI dukAna vagere uparAMta DrAIvara phiTara enjinaDrAIvara ane keTalAka vakIla DeMTara enjiniyara prophesara jevA vyavasAyamAM rokAyelA hatA. pArasIomAM janmadara ghaTI rahyo che ane Ayu-maryAdA vadhI rahI che, pariNAme pArasI samAja jhaDapathI vRddha banI rahyo che. AnA kAraNamAM yuvAna pArasIonA sthaLAMtara uparAMta pArasIomAM UMcI jatI lagnavaya ane anyadhamI sAthe lagna karavAnI sakhatabaMdhI javAbadAra gaNI zakAya. mAlinI karkalanA abhyAsa pramANe pArasI puruSonI sarAsarI lagnavaya 1921 mAM 29.5 varSa hatI te vadhIne 1961 mAM 31.1 varSanI thaI, jyAre pArasI strIonI sarAsarI lagnavaya 1921 mAM 24.4 varSa hatI te vadhIne 1961 mAM 26.6 varSa thaI hatI.para puruSo temaja strIomAM ucca zikSaNa prApta karavA taraphanuM vadhatuM valaNa, puruSa kamAtA ane svataMtra rIte ghara calAvavAne zaktimAna na thAya tyAM sudhI lagna karavAnuM TALavAnI vRtti, ucca zikSaNa meLavelI strIomAM nokarI karavA taraphane ka, ItyAdi kAraNe uparAMta hiMduonA dAyajAnA je pArasIomAM lagna vakhate rIta' karavAne rivAja pArasIomAM UMcI jatI lagnavaya mATe kAraNabhUta gaNI zakAya. pArasIomAM binapArasI sAthe lagna karavAnI manA che. binapArasI strIne paraNanAra puruSanAM saMtAne navajota nI kriyA pachI pArasI gaNAya, paraMtu binapArasI puruSane paraNanAra pArasI strInAM saMtAnone navajota ApI zakAya nahi ane teo pArasI kemanI bahAra gaNAya. ekaMdare pArasIomAM moDAM lagna karavA tarapha athavA lagna na karavA tarapha valaNa vadhatuM jaNAya che. dAkhalA tarIke, muMbaInA pArasIomAM 47.7 TakA pariNIta hatA te 1931 mAM ghaTIne 41.4 TakA thayAnuM jaNAyuM hatuM. 1966-67 mAM gujarAtanA 11 jillAonAM gAmomAM 3149 pArasIomAM 56.9 TakA pariNIta ane 12 TakA vidhavA vidhUra ke chUTAcheDA lIdhelA mAlUma paDyA hatA ane tema chatAM A abhyAsamAM 16 thI 40 varSanI

Page #261
236 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 736 pArasI strIomAMthI Azare 45 TakA strIo kuMvArI hatI e bAbata paNa noMdhapAtra che. 53 pArasI maeNreja eNkaTa anusAra pArasIomAM ekapati-patnItva ja mAnya che. temanAmAM vidhavA lagna para pratibaMdha nathI, paraMtu AvAM lagnanuM pramANa nahivata jaNAya che. pArasIo lagnane pavitra baMdhana mAne che chatAM temanAmAM chUTAcheDAnI kAnUnI jogavAI che. samagra pArasI kemanI vigata jotAM jaNAyuM hatuM ke 1901 thI 1976 sudhImAM 49 puruSo ane 71 strIoe chUTAcheDA mATe arajI karI hatI, jyAre 1937 thI 1943 daramyAna 39 puruSa ane 74 strIoe chUTAcheDA mATe arajI karI hatI. 1937 pahelAM chUTAcheDAnI arajI karatAM pahelAM patipatnIe 7 varSa sudhI judA rahevAnI AvazyakatA hatI te ghaTADIne 3 varSanI karavAmAM AvI hatI. strIo karatAM puruSonI chUTAcheDA mATenI arajI nAmaMjUra karavA tarapha vadhAre jhoka jaNAya che.54 moTA bhAganA pArasIonuM kemamAM ja lagna karavA tarapha valaNa rahyuM che. tema chatAM tenI sArI ane mAThI asarane keTalAka keLavAyelA pArasI nirdeza kare che. pitAnA ja samAjamAM thatAM lagna ane khAsa karIne najIkanA sagAmAM thatAM lagna aMge AsAnA jaNAve che ke pArasI samAjane te vividha daSTie lAbhakArI che, paraMtu sAthe sAthe e bAbatane paNa te svIkAra kare che ke vijJAna samajAve che ke "AvA na brIDIMgane pariNAme vArasAmAM maLatAM lakSaNo-sArAM yA narasAM vakhatanA vahevA sAthe navI olAdamAM vadhAre ne vadhAre najIka Ave che. ene laIne vaza paraMparA maLatAM saddaguNa jema jovA maLe tema keTalIka khAmI, nabaLAI paNa jovAnI rahe. ApaNI kamamAM khAmIvALA ane binataMdurasta AsAmIonuM je pramANa jovAmAM Ave che te kadAca A kAraNane AdhIna hoya.55 pArasIomAM gharane vaDo mukhyatve puruSa ja hoya che. phakta svanirbhara vidhavA strI gharanA vaDA tarIke kArabhAra karatI hoya che. kuTuMbamAM saMyukta rahevAnuM pramANa ochuM che. pArasIo vepAraudyogamAM temaja keLavAyelI kema tarIke eka AgaLa paDatI kema hatI. rAjakAraNa, jAhera jIvana raMgabhUmi temaja sAhitya kSetre teonuM AgavuM pradAna hatuM. pitAnI komanA utkarSa mATe temanA AgevAna satata prayatnazIla rahetA. AnA anusaMdhAnamAM 1947 nA aMtamAM suratamAM maLelI prathama pArasI pariSada gaNAvI zakAya. emAM pitAnA samAjanI Arthika, sAmAjika ane zaikSaNika paristhiti vize vicAraNA karI hatI. pariSadane hetu varNavatAM jaNAvyuM che ke pArasI samAjane susaMgaThIta karI tene unnati ane pragatine

Page #262
sAmAjika sthiti 237 paMthe dorI javAmAM madadarUpa bane evI bAbate para prajAmata keLavavA prayatna karavA 56 pArasIonI dhyAna kheMce tevI saMsthA te gujarAtanA dareka moTA nagaramAM teonI paMcAyata che. badhI paMcAyatanI kAmagIrI vattAochA pramANamAM sarakhI che. ene mukhya AdhAra bhaMDoLa upara rahe che. surata, bharUca navasArI ane bIlImorAnI paMcAyate samRddha gaNAtI, jyAre amadAvAdanI paMcAyata AgaLa AvavA koziza karI rahI hatI. sava paMcAyatamAM suratanI paMcAyata mokharAnuM sthAna dharAvatI rahI che. enI pAse aneka prakAranAM paMDe che je mAnavInA janmathI mAMDIne maraNa paryaMtanA judA judA tabakkAmAM jarUra paDe madada karavA mATenAM che. A pacAyata kevaLa suratanA ja nahi paraMtu bahAranA pArasIone paNa yathAzakti madada karatI rahI che. pArasIoe meTAM zaheromAM pArasI bahenanA mATe invesTIala InsTiTayUTa anAthAzrame, garIba pArasIo mATe vasavATa, seneToriyama, vagerenI suvidhA gujarAtanAM ghaNAM sthaLoe UbhI karI che. AjhAdInI laDatamAM paNa keTalAka pArasIoe pitAnI sevAo ApI gujarAtanA pane tA vatanI tarIke nAma sArthaka karyuM hatuM. pAdaTIpa 9. Neera Desai, Social Change in Gujarat, p. 365 2. Ibid, pp. 366 f. 3. pravINa visAriyA, "gujarAtanI vasatI samasyA ane vasatI nIti." "arthAta" pu. 2, aMka 2-3, pR. 85-117 8. Census of India, 1931, Vol. VIII, Part I. p. 58 4. Census of India, 1961 6. pravINa visAriyA, uparyukta. 7 tArA paTela, 'bhAratIya samAja vyavasthA' pR. 83 8. aMjanA bI. zAha, "samAja sudhAraNAmAM gAMdhIjInuM pradAna, pR. 37 9. UrmilA paTela, vikasatA samudAyo', pR. 449 eo upayukta pustakamAM noMdhe che ke, "1931 mAM gujarAta kolejamAM jJAtivAra pANI pIvAne pAse raheta. abharAI para pyAlAnI nIce jJAtinuM nAma rahetuM.' 10. zAradAbahena mahetA "jIvana saMbhAraNAM," pR. 247, 299

Page #263
238 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI manubhAI je vaDedarA rAjyamAM dIvAna hatA temaNe pitAne baMgale Do. sumaMta mahetAnA bhAI bhAskara ane UrmilAbahenanAM AMtarajJAtIya lagna karAvyAM hatAM. enAthI eka kadama AgaLa vadhIne manubhAIe pitAnI putrI haMsAbahenanAM AMtarajJAtIya uparAMta pratima lagna karAvIne samAjamAM navI praNAlikA pADI. 11. varSo sudhI pATIdAra" mAsika jJAtimAM sudhArA mATe prayatnazIla rahyuM. enA taMtrI narasiMhabhAI paTela krAMtikArI vicAraka hatA. 12. 1915 pachI anAvaLA brAhmaNa jJAtimAM judAM judAM sthaLoethI anAvaLA emAM samAja sudhAraNA aMge jAgRti lAvavA aneka mAsika jevAM ke, anAvila pikAra, anAvila hitecchu, Alama, anAvila samAja patrikA, anAvila jagata vagere bahAra paDatAM hatAM. 13. harabansa paTela, saiArASTranA pATIdAromAM samAja sudhAraNA', pR. 3 14. vaDodarA rAjyamAM 1905 mAM 22 aMtyaja zALAe hatI I sa. 1906 1907 mAM sAtamA varasathI pharajiyAta ane maphata zikSaNa hatuM. (milA paTela, upayukta, pR. 443) AgaLa jatAM aspRzyatAnI bhAvanA nAbUda karavAnA hetuthI AvI zALAo baMdha karI aMtyaja vidyArthIone sarakArI zALAomAM praveza apAze.-saM. 15. ejana, pR. 446-47 16. dalapata zrImALI, sevAmUti parIkSitalAla' pR. 37-38 17. UrmilA paTela, upayukta, pR. 449 18. aMjanA bI. zAha, upayukta, pR. 29 19. ejana, pR. 40 20. dalapata zrImALI, uparyukta, pR. 20 21. 'navajIvana' (saM. me. ka. gAMdhI), pR. 16, pR. 1512-13 22. aMjanA bI. zAha, upayukta, pR. 42, 54 23. lakSamIdAsa zrIkAMta, "AdivAsIo ane pachAtavarga,' "gujarAta eka paricaya" pR. 149 24. zivaprasAda rAjagora, arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa, 25. gaTubhAI dhu, rAjakAraNa ane samAja-sudhAraNA, "prajAbaMdhu survaNAMka pR. 93 26. navalarAma ja, trivedI, "samAja-sudhAraNanuM rekhAdarzana' pR. 195

Page #264
sAmAjika sthiti 239 20. Census of India, 1921 Vol. VIII, Part I. p. 139 28. haMsAbahena mahetA, "vIsamI sadInI zarUAtathI te atyAra lagaNamAM gujarAtI strIe karelI pragati para eka daSTipAta," "aDI vidyAgaurI maNi mahatsava graMtha," pR. 15. 26. Census of India, 1931 Vol. VIII, Part I. p. 151 30. haMsAbahena mahetA, upayuMkata, pR. 16 31. Census of India, 1931, Ibid, p. 152 1921 ane 1931 nA 0 thI 5 varSa ane 5 thI 15 varSanI vaya jUthanA pariNIta strI-puruSanA AMkaDA jotAM 1921mAM dara hajAre 0 thI 5nA vayajUthamAM 9 purUSo sAme 25 strIo hatI 1931 mAM A ja vayajUthamAM 16 puruSo ane 32 strI pariNIta hatI. evI ja rIte 1921 mAM 5 thI 15 vayamAM 73 puruSa ane 282 strIo pariNIta hatAM, paraMtu e vadhIne 1931 mAM e ja vaya-jUthamAM 97 puruSA ane 313 pariNIta strIo thayAM. dasa varSanA gALAmAM bALalagna ghaTavAM joIe ene badale vadhyAM, khAsa karIne strIomAM savizeSa, je sUcita sAraDA eNkaTanI viparIta asara darzAve che. sayAjIrAvanI hakUmata nIcenA kATaliyA gAmamAMthI pasAra thatAM gAMdhIjIe emanA bhASaNamAM kahyuM ke "sAraDA eNkaTe badhe herAna herAna karI nAMkhyAM che. mAtA ane pitA mUrakha banI kAMI paNa samajyA vinA pitAnAM bALaka bALakIone paraNAvIne besI gayAM che. ane temAM pATIdAre te vizeSa, paNa ahiMnA pATIdAra kerA rahyA che...tenA dhanyavAda. "ti vikAsa yAtrA," pagadaMDI, pR. 42 32. "navajIvana' (saM. mo. ka. gAMdhI) pu. 1, pR. 78 33. ejana, pu. 4, pR. 304-05 34 bAlikA hatyAnA banAvo keTalAMka sthaLoe lagabhaga 1923 sudhI te cAluM hatA. tyAra pachI paNa chUTA chavAyA cAlu rahyA haze. 1923 mAM jAta tapAsanI je mAhitI eka bhAIe gAMdhIjIne patra dvArA pAThavI che. te AMkaDA paNa coMkAvanAra che. vigata mATe juo me. ka. gAMdhI, "tyAgamUti ane bIjA lekho' pR. 240-41 35. 'navajIvana' (saM. me. ka. gAMdhI), pR. 4, pR. 301-308 36. me. ka. gAMdhI, "tyAgamUti ane bIjA lekha." pR 74 37. ejana, vAchaDIne vadha, pR. 75-76; "kajoDuM athavA bALakanyA," pR. 77 ( 81; "gAyane keNu choDAvaze ? pR. 81-86; vRddha bALalagna, pR. 90-91

Page #265
40 38. aMjanA khI. zAha, upayu ta, pR.151 39. jyoti vikAsa yAtrA, pR. 70-71 40. kAnti zAha (saMpA.), mUDI UMcerA mAnavI'. AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 41. uSA bhaTTa, amadAvAda zaheranI strI netRtva zakti,' pR. 6775 4ra. A badhI racanAtmaka saMsthAne, pradezavAra gADhavIne, kAyakarA sAthenI . vigatavAra mAhitI rAmanArAyaNa nA. pArDaka tathA zAMtilAla desAI saMpAdita 'gujarAtamAM racanAtmaka saMsthAo ane sevakA'mAM ApI che. 43-44. puSpAvatI mahetA, 'samAja kalyANa,' "gujarAta eka paricaya," pR 257 45. Amlendu Guha, 'More About the Parsi Seths; Their Roots, Enterfneneurship and Comprador Role, 1650-1918' Economic and political weekly, pp. 117 ff. 4. Census of India, Religion paper No. 1, 1963 1961 nI vasatI gaNatarInA ahevAla pramANe 16.4 TakA hiMduA, 26.6 TakA musalamAne, 18.4 TakA zIkhA 23.4 TakA khristIo, 54.1 TakA jainA ane 20.3 TakA bauddo zaheramAM vasatA hatA. 47. sApura pharaduna desAInA 'gujarAtanAM gAmaDAmAM vasatA pArasIonA abhyAsa'mAM jaNAvyA pramANe 19-20-40 nA gALA daramyAna ghaNAM pArasI kuTuMba dhaMdhA rojagAra mATe muMbaI tarapha hijarata karI gayAM hatAM. 48. B. V. Shah, The Godavara parsis, pp. 28 f. 49. Maneck Mistry, Report of the Survey of Gujaruti Parsis. p. 18 yo B. V. Shah op. cit., p. 39 51. ratana rustamajI mAla, 'surata pArasI paMcAyata' pR. 56 para. ejana, pR. 71 53. Maneck Mistry op. cit, pp. 5 |. 54. Sapur F. Desai, A Community at the Cross Road, p. 38 55. jehAMgIra jAmAsajI AsAnA, 'samAja sudhAraNA ane suprajanana zAstra, gujarAta pArasI pariSada graMtha," pR. 127-28 56. "gujarAta pArasI pariSada graMtha; ucarANuM'." pR. 1

Page #266
- puravaNI A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna hiMdu samAjamAM ghaNuM sudhArA thatA gayA. strIonI tathA harijananI sthiti sudharatI gaI. eka bAju jJAtisaMsthAnI pakaDa zithila thatI gaI, te bIjI bAju cUMTaNImAM umedavAronI pasaMdagI jJAtivAdanA dhoraNe thatAM jJAtisaMsthAnI mahattA TakI rahI. grAmapaMcAyata tathA sarapaMcanI cUMTaNImAM harijana sabhyanuM mahattva sthapAyuM che. hiMdu samAjanI sarakhAmaNIe muslima samAja, pArasI samAja ane khristI samAjamAM sudhArA nahivata thayA, chatAM hiMdu-muslima hiMdu-pArasI ane hiMdu-khristI jevAM AMtara-komI tathA AMtara-dhamI lagnanA kissA banavA lAgyA. ghaNuM gujarAtIo briTiza kAla daramyAna kamAvA mATe AphrikA jaI vasatA hatA, paraMtu tyAMnAM kanyA yugAnDA vagere rAjyo svataMtra thatAM teone tyAMthI yu.ke. jaI vasavAnuM thayuM. pUrva AphrikAmAM rahetI yuvationA jIvanasAthIone pAsapaTa ApavAnI chUTa baMdha thavAnI taiyArImAM hatI tyAre tyAM vasatI avivAhita yuvatioe ahIM AvI tAbaDatoba ghaDiyAM lagna karI lIdhAM. A "paramITiyAM lagna" zrAddhapakSamAM tathA amAsanA divase paNa thayAM hatAM. AjhAdI hAMsala thatAM bhAratamAM briTiza varcasa osarI gayuM, paraMtu amerikAne prabhAva vadhate gaye. jema briTiza kAlanA pUrvArdhamAM sAdhanasaMpanna vaDIle pitAnA putrane AI sI. esa. karavAnI mahattvAkAMkSA sevatA tema svAtaMttara kAlamAM ziSTa kuTuMbamAM pitAnAM saMtAnone yu. esa. e. meklavAnI tamannA rahevA lAgI ne AzAspada yuvaka-yuvatio tyAM jaI "keriyara banAvI tyAM sthAyI thavAnI AkAMkSA dharAvavA lAgyAM. AjhAdI AvatAM aMgrejI gayA ne svAbhAvika rIte zikSaNamAM aMgrejInuM dhAraNa UtaratuM gayuM, chatAM amerikAne prabhAva vadhatAM ziSTa kuTuMbamAM saMtAnone pahelethI aMgrejI mAdhyamamAM bhaNAvavAnI vRtti vadhatI gaI ne pariNAme aMgrejI mAdhyama dharAvatI zikSaNa saMsthAonI saMkhyA vadhatI rahI. gAMdhIyuganAM mUlyane hAsa bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna thavA lAgyuM hatuM te AjhAdI pachI vadhavA lAge. sAdAI ane sadAcAra jANe jUnA jamAnAnA lupta khyAla gaNAvA lAgyA. rojiMdA jIvanamAM moMghavArInuM tathA mejazokhanuM pramANa 16

Page #267
242 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vadhatuM gayuM, sukhasagavaDanAM adyatana sAdhanane upaga vadhate rahyo ne pariNAme jIvananuM, khAsa karIne kharcanuM, dhoraNa atizaya vadhatuM rahyuM. AthI kuTuMbamAM strIone kamAvAnI jarUra vadhatI gaI. vaLI teomAM ghara bahAranA jIvananI abhiruci khIlatI gaI. samAjamAM kALA bajAra, lAMcaruzavata ane dANacorInuM pramANa vadhatuM gayuM. ghera ghera pAna-masAlAnuM vyasana pratye ne upalA varganA nabIrAomAM IDAM mAMsAhAra dArU ane jugAranA mojazokha ziSTa gaNAvA lAgyA. eka bAju rAjayamAM kAnUnI dArUbaMdhI cAlu rahI ne bIjI bAju gerakAyadesara dArU ane laThThAnI badI phAlI phUlI. prAcIna saMskRti visAre paDatI gaIne arvAcIna saMskRtinI bolabAlA pravatI'. navI peDhImAM sAmAnya jJAna vadhyuM ne lalita kalAomAM abhiruci vadhI, paraMtu jIvananAM mUlyomAM sadAcAra ane svadezAbhimAnanI mAtrA ghaTatI gaI. klaba utsava meLAvaDAonuM pramANa vadhatuM gayuM. lagnaprasaMgamAM dhArmika vidhinuM mahattva ghaTayuM ne satkAra-samAraMbha tathA bhajanasamAraMbhanuM vadhyuM. dhArmika vidhithI thatAM lagnanIya dhaNI pharajiyAta thaI sAmAjika prasaMgomAM kharcanuM dhoraNa vadhI gayuM. hiMdu kAyadAmAM aneka sudhArAvadhArA karIne hiMdu samAjamAM strIo tathA dalitone thatA anyAya dUra karavA aMge ghaNI jogavAI karAI, paraMtu "muslima kAyadAmAM bhAgye ja sudhArAvadhArA thayA. gujarAtanA muslima samAjamAM parivartananA traNa pravAha pravarte che. ahIMnA muslimenI moTI saMkhyA sthAnika hiMduomAMthI dharmAtara karelI hoI emAMnI ghaNI kome pitAnA mULa rItarivAjone ghaNe aMze vaLagI rahetI, paraMtu 20 mI sadInI vIsI ane trIsI daramyAna islAmIkaraNanI prakriyA prabaLa banI. pariNAme dezariyata dhAro' pasAra thayuM, jeNe rivAjanA kAyadAnuM mahattva miTAvI muslima kAyadAnuM varcasa sthApyuM sAmAnya rIte ahIMnA muslima gujarAtI bole che ne urdU bese tyAre e paNa gujarAtInI chAMTavALI hoya che, paraMtu islAmI bhAvanAnI sabhAnatA vadhatAM have urdUne mAtRbhASA mAnavAnuM valaNa vadhatuM gayuM, joke muslimone maTe vaga urdU bolI ja jANe che. urdU kitAbo moTe bhAge gujarAtI lipimAM chapAya che. have khojAo jevI komomAM paNa bina-IslAmI mAnyatAo ane rivAjonuM pramANa ghaTatuM jAya che. emanAo paNa maulavIonA prabhAva nIce sunnI paMtha tarapha vaLatA jAya che. janma lagna ane adharaNIne lagatA rItarivAjomAM hiMdu rivAjone prabhAva ekasarate jAya che. emAM vidhavA-punarlagna chUTAcheDA ane chokarIne vArasAhaka khAsa beMdhapAtra che. jAo vahorAo ane memaNa jevI kemerAmAM pizAkanuMya islAmIkaraNa thayuM che. vepAradhaMdhA

Page #268
sAmAjika sthiti puravaNI 243 mAraphate Arthika sthiti sudharatAM sunnI vahorA jevI ke pitAnA rItarivAjomAM islAmIpaNuM apanAvI saiyade ane zekhanA ucca darajajA dharAvavA lAge che. pAzcAtya zikSaNa ane saMskRtinA prabhAva nIce muslima samAjamAM pazcimIkaraNanI prakriyA paNa pravezatI rahI che. AnI asara pizAmAM savizeSa varatAya che. zaheramAM paDadAprathAne rUkhasada ApavAmAM Ave che ke gharanI bahAra custapaNe pALavAno Agraha choDI devAmAM Ave che. chatAM seMdhavuM joIe ke tallAkanI sahelI chUTane lIdhe oratone thatA anyAya, strIonI sAmAjika sthiti ItyAdi aneka mahattvanI bAbatamAM muslima samAja sudhAre apanAvavAmAM ghaNe rUDhicusta rahyo che ne suzikSita vargamAM jUja vyaktio sudhArAnI himAyata kare che te miyAba nIvaDatI nathI. gujarAtanA khristI samAjamAM A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna khAsa parivaMtana thayelAM bhAgyeja najare paDe che. dharmAtarita khristIo potAnA hiMdu pUrvajonA paraMparAgata rivAje jALave, bALalagna bAramuM ane jJAtivAda cAlu rAkhe, paraMparAgata nAma bhASA ane pizAka jALavI rAkhe, khristI strIo mAtA merInA nAmanA garabA gAya vagere valaNa sAme svabhAvika rIte vadhe levAte nahi. khristI mizanarIo AMtara-jJAtIya lagnane uttejana ApatA, chatAM dhamatarita khristIomAM jJAtivAdanI daDhamUla bhAvanA nAbUda thatI nahi. agAu khristI mizanarIonI pravRttio khAsa karIne harijanamAM kAmiyAba nIvaDatI. have teoe bhIla jevI janajAtiomAM paNa dhamapracAra karavA mAMDyo. dAhodamAM 1923 mAM bhIla sevAmaMDaLa sthapAtAM teonI A pravRtti maMda paDI. upalI jJAtionI keAI keI nAmAMkita vyaktio paNa have khristI dharma aMgIkAra karavA lAgI. agAu jema bhAvanagaranA zrI maNizaMkara bhaTTa khristI dharma apanAvelo tema 1918 mAM rAjakeTanA zrI maNilAla pArekhe A dhamane aMgIkAra karyo. alabatta teo hiMdI khristIomAM moTI saMkhyA nIcalI jJAtiomAMthI AvelA mANasanI heI khristI devaLa ke khristI samAja sAthe khAsa bhaLatA nahi. bIjI bAju vaDodarAnA zrI dhanajIbhAI phakIrabhAI dharmA tarita khristIo sAthe maitrIbharyA saMbaMdha rAkhatA. khristI mizanarIone mukhya uddeza khristI dharmane pracAra karavAne che, paraMtu sAthe sAthe teo zikSaNa, tabIbI sAravAra, chAtrAlaye vagere sArvajanika sAmAjika sevAonI paNa jogavAI karatA. saMvata 1956 (I. sa. 1900) nA bhAre dukALa daramyAna teoe ThekaThekANe anAthAzrama kADhelA, jemAM dAkhala thaI UcharelAM bALake have meTAM thatAM svAbhAvika rIte khristI thayAM.

Page #269
244 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI A samayagALA daramyAna mizanarIonI mAdhyamika zALAo tathA koleja temaja hosTelanI saMkhyA paNa vadhatI rahI. vyAvasAyika zikSaNa ApatI keTalIka zALAo paNa sthapAI. have strI-mizanarIonI pravRttio paNa cAluM thaI che ke e khAsa karIne zikSaNa ane tabIbI sevAmAM sImita rahI. gujarAtamAM mizanarI hospiTalanI jogavAI cAlu rahI. 1941 mAM ANaMdamAM kSayanI hospiTala sthapAI. samAjanA kacaDAyelA varganA bALakonA zikSaNa mATe remana kethaliko dvArA 1932 thI 1942 nA gALAmAM 170 jeTalI prAthamika zALAo gAmaDAMomAM khelavAmAM AvI hatI. amadAvAdanI prasiddha seMTa jheviyarsa skUla 1935 mAM ane seMTa jheviyarsa koleja 1955 mAM jesuITa saMghanA sAdhuo dvArA zarU karavAmAM AvI hatI. Aje paNa A baMne saMsthAo gujarAtanA zaikSaNika jagatamAM mAnabharyuM sthAna dharAve che. khriratI sAdhu-sAdhvIoe ArogyanA kSetro ApelI sevAo neMdhapAtra che emaNe ghaNI hospiTalo kholI hatI. ANaMdanI sAlvezana AmIra hospiTala, bharUcanuM Dana maeNTaraniTI hema, dAhodanI mizana hospiTala vagere hospiTale proTesTanTa saMpradAya dvArA cAlatI hatI. gujarAtanA jokapriya TaeNkTaramAM jemanuM nAma agragaNya hatuM tevA nyUjhIlenDanA De. brAmavela kUke ANaMdanI sAlvezana AmI hospiTalamAM varSo sudhI sevAo ApIne khristI ane bina-khristI lokanAM mana jItI lIdhAM hatAM. romana kethalika sAdhvIoe A samaya daramyAna raktapittanA rogIo mATe kAma karyuM". The French Salesian Missionaries of Mary Immaculate saMdhanI sAdhvIoe amadAvAdamAM kAgaDApITha lattAmAM Avela raktapittanI hospiTalane havAle 1949 mAM pitAne hastaka lIdhe hato. A ja pramANe Spanish Missionary Society of Sacred Heart saMghanI sAdhvIoe suratamAM pArvatIbAI leprasI hospiTalamAM 1951 thI kAma zarU karyuM". Spanish Carmelite Missionaries saMghanI sAdhvIoe 1954 thI raktapittiyAo mATe sevA karavAnI zarUAta karI hatI. mizanarIonI A paramArtha-pravRttione lAbha bina-khristI vargone paNa maLe che. khristI mizanarIonI pravRttio briTiza zAsanakAla daramyAna dalita vargomAM jaladI kAmiyAba banatI, paraMtu gAMdhIyuga daramyAna harijanonI sthiti sudharatAM ane AjhAdI pachI teone viziSTa adhikAra prApta thatAM temaja zrI. abeDakara ane emanA anuyAyIoe bauddha dharma apanAvatAM harijanamAM

Page #270
245 sAmAjika sthiti; puravaNI khristI dharma-aMgIkAra pratyenuM AkarSaNa osarI gayuM. samAjamAM thatA sudhArAenI sAthe sAthe gujarAtI khristIomAMya jUnA aniSTa rivAjonuM pramANa ghaTavA lAgyuM ne teonA rItarivAjemAM pAzcAtyIkaraNanuM pramANa vadhavA lAgyuM. hiMdu muslima pArasIo khristIo vagere mATe judA judA kAyadA cAle che tene badale samAjamAM sahune ekasarakho nyAya maLI rahe e hetuthI tathA sava kema tathA sarva dharmasaMpradAyo mATe sarvasAmAnya bhAratIya kAyado lAgu pADI zakAya tevo lekamata hajI vyApaka pramANamAM keLavAya nahi. pAdaTIpa 1. S. C. Misra, Muslim Communities in Gujarat, Chapter 9: Social Change in Recent years (pp. 158 ff.) 2. Chhanda Guha (Bose), Social work of Christian Missi onaries in Gujarat : 1815-1947, Ch. III to VII

Page #271
prakaraNa 8 Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 1. sAmAnya samIkSA briTiza zAsananA kAraNe dezamAM vIsamI sadInI zarUAtamAM zAMti hatI, paNa 1985 nI aMgabhaMganI caLavaLane kAraNe vyApaka banelI svadezInI caLavaLe tathA homarUlanA AMdolane temaja gujarAtamAM 1915 mAM thayelA gAMdhIjInA Agamane prajAmAM cetanA pragaTAvI hatI. gAMdhIjInI asahakAranI 1921, 1930-'31 ane 1942 nI laDatAne kAraNe gulAmI asahva banI hatI, paradezI kApaDa ane mAlanA bahiSkAra jalada banyA hatA ane audyogikIkaraNane vega maLyA hatA. A badhAMnI zaherI janatA upara vizeSa asara thaI hatI, paNa jamIna-mahesUlanA vadhArAnA kAraNe kheDUtAmAM zAsako tarapha napharata jAgI hatI ane pariNAme kheDA khArasada bAraDolI pAlanapura mANasA viThThalagaDha tema mevAsI vistAra vageremAM kheDUtAe satyAgrahanA Azraya lIdho hato. yuropamAM greTa-briTana phrAnsa ane jamanI vacce vepAra ane saMsthAne sthApavA mATe saMdharSa thatAM 1914-18 daramyAna prathama vizvayuddha AvI paDayuM hatuM. gulAma bhArata paNa enA zAsakone kAraNe anicchAe A dAvAnaLamAM ghasaDAyu hatu. tu stAna nIcenAmasara ane madhyapUrvanA araba pradezanI mukti mATe bhAratIya lazkara meAklAyuM hatu. ane e yudghanA saMcAlananuM pU`tu mathaka banyu hatu. A kAraNe hiMdu anAja khAMDa kApaDa davA dArUgoLA vagere puravaTho A lazkarane pUro pADatu hatuM tethI dezamAM jIvana-jarUriyAtanI vastunI achata vartAtI hatI ane nANAMnA phugAvAne uttejana maLyu hatu. jama`na sabamarInanA kAraNe bhAratanuM vahANavaTu bhayamAM mukAyu hatu. ane paradezI mAlanI AyAta ghaTI gaI hatI. jamanIthI raMgonI ane raziyA tathA yu. esa. e. thI kereAsInanI AyAta ghaTI jatAM enA bhAva khUba UMcA gayA hatA. bIjI bAju rU ane telIbiyAM jevA rokaDiyA pAkanI nikAsa aTakI jatAM enA bhAva ghaTI gayA hatA, jyAre uM goLa davA raMga hArDa vera kerosIna kaTalarI vagere hatA. chappaniyA dukALa ( I. sa. 1900) tathA vastuonA bhAva vadhI gayA plega kolerA inphluenjhA

Page #272
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 247 vagere rogacALAne kAraNe vyApaka jAnahAni thatAM majUrenI taMgI vartAtI hatI ane A kAraNe majUrI meMdI thaI hatI. Ama kheDUtane ochA bhAva ane meMghI majUrIne kAraNe bevaDe mAra paDyo hato. 1929 pachI vizvavyApI maMdInI asara gujarAtane paNa thaI hatI. jamInanA bhAvamAM tophAnI vadhaghaTane kAraNe tathA anAja rU vagerenA bhAva besI jatAM udyogo ane khetI upara viparIta asara thaI hatI. 1939-45 nA bIjA vizvayuddhane kAraNe achata mApabaMdhI aMkuza kALAMbajAra, nANAne phagAvo ane moMghavArI astitvamAM AvyAM hatAM. lekomAM zikSaNanI bhUkha jAgavAthI zALAo ane vidyArthIonI saMkhyAmAM vadhAro thayo hato ane vidyApITha, rASTriya zALAo, chAtrAlaya tathA dakSiNAmUrti jevI saMsthAo astitvamAM AvI hatI. zahera uparAMta grAmapradeza paNa zikSaNabhimukha thayo hate. Ama chatAM gujarAtane dezI rAjyone pILo pradeza 1947 pUrve ekahaththu Apakhuda zAsana nIce kacaDAyeluM hatuM. vaDa ane aneka verA leke upara ladAyelAM hatAM. AmAM vaDodarA bhAvanagara gaMDaLa morabI jevAM keTalAka rAjya apavAda-35 hatAM. majUra kheDUte AdivAsIo harijana vagere pachAta vargonI sthiti du:khada hatI. emanA utkarSa mATe keTalIka saMsthAo sthapAI hatI ane keTalAka kAryakaroe emanuM samagra jIvana emanA kalyANa mATe samarpita karyuM hatuM. AmAM AjhAdI bAda ghaNe vikAsa sadhAyo che. sane 1912-13 mAM uttara-gujarAta jhAlAvADa seraTha ane kacchamAM dukALa hatuM. 1913-14 thI 1917-18 daramyAna gujarAtanA keTalAka bhAgomAM dukALa ane achatanI paristhiti hatI. 1918-19 mAM samagra gujarAtamAM bhISaNa dukALa hatA. sAthesAtha 1914 nA prathama vizvayuddhane kAraNe kApaDa kherAkInI cIjo khetInAM ojAre tamAku dIvAsaLI baLataNa kesIna ane paradezathI AyAta thatI vastuonA bhAvamAM khUba vadhAro thayo hato. anAja paikI ghauMnA bhAva vadhyA hatA, paNa bAjarI juvAranA bhAva upara khAsa asara thaI na hatI. rU nI 400 ratala nI gAMsaDIne bhAva 1913 mAM rU. 156 hatuM te 1914 mAM nikAsa aTakI jatAM rU. 149 thayo hato ane 1915 mAM ene bhAva rU. 110 thaI gaye. hatuM. tyArabAda sthAnika milane vaparAza vadhatAM 1916-17 daramyAna rUne bhAva vadhIne rU. 227 thayo hato. A kAraNe kheDA ane vaDodarAnA mUDI dAroe paDatara jamIna kharIdI levA dhasAro karyo hato, jyAre dhIradhAra karanAra jamInamAM mUDI rokavAne badale bIjI vastuomAM nANAnuM rokANa karavA lAgyA hatA. sukhI kheDUta vadhAre jamIna kharIdavA lAgyA hatA ane keTalAka vepAra tarapha vaLyA hatA

Page #273
248 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI tathA jInamAM bhAgIdAra paNa banyA hatA. zAhukAre kheDUtanuM zoSaNa karatA hatA. 50 maNa bI udhAra lIdhuM hoya te ene 100 maNa parata ApavuM paDatuM hatuM. garIbo ardhabhUkhyA rahetA hatA. 1916-17 karatAM 1917-18 mAM kArIgaronI rajInA daramAM 19 TakA vadhAre thayuM hatuM. 1918-19 mAM emAM cAra TakAne vadhAre thayo hato. majUrInA dara-vadhArAnA kAraNe emanI sthiti sudharI hatI. khorAkI vastuonA bhAva aMkuzamAM rAkhavA 1914-15 ane 1915-16 daramyAna barmAmAMthI cokhAnI AyAta karAI hatI. ghAsacArAnA bhAva paNa vadhyA hatA. vepArIone 1914-18 daramyAna naphAkhorI karavA achatane kAraNe taka maLI gaI hatI. 1918-19 mAM jIvana-jarUrI AyAtanI vastunA bhAva vadhavAne kAraNe sarakAre sastA anAjanI dukAne kholI hatI. garIba mANasone ghI-mAkhaNa alabhya banI gayAM hatAM. asAdhAraNa bhAvavadhArAne kAraNe leke mAM tIvra asaMtoSa vyApI gayuM hatuM.' 1917 pachI dhaMdhukA-vIramagAmanI khuzkI jakAtanI lAInarI gAMdhIjI tathA saurASTranAM rajavADAMonA prayAsathI dUra thatAM saurASTramAMthI nikAsa Adine avarodha dUra thayA hatA ane baMdarI zaheramAM vepAra vadhyA hatA. taLAjA mahuvA vikaTara, (pIpAvAva) piraba dara okhA joDiyA ane navalakhIne joDatI bhAvanagara-taLAjA mahuvA, rAjulA-vikaTara, verAvaLa-UnA, jAmanagara-khaMbhALiyA-okhA, haDamatiyA -joDiyA, merabI-navalakhI, jetalasara-porabaMdara vagere relave-lAIne bhAvanagara jUnAgaDha jAmanagara morabI goMDaLa vagere rAjyamAM nAkhI hatI. bhAlanA avi. kasita pradezane vikAsa thAya e hetuthI bhAvanagarane amadAvAda sAthe TUMkA mAge joDatI beTAda-dhaMdhukA-amadAvAda lAIna bhAvanagara rAjya nAkhI hatI. jaMgalanI pedAzanA vahana mATe bIlImorA-vaghAI jhaghaDiyA-netraMga umerajhara-kevaDI vagere relave-lAIno nakhAI hatI. moTA kheDUtanI sthiti bhAvavadhArAne lIdhe sudharI hatI ane teo navAM makAna banAvavA vadhAre jamIna kharIdavA lAgyA hatA. koI dhIradhAra paNa karatA hatA. sAthe sAthe cA bIDI dArU vagerenuM vyasana paNa vadhyuM hatuM. prathama vizvayuddhane aMte moTaragADI tathA pesenjara base chUTI thatAM khAnagI basa-vyavahAra briTiza jillAomAM vadhyo hato ane tethI rastAo vadhAre kharAba thayA hatA. amadAvAdane mila-udyoga prathama vizvayuddhane kAraNe paradezI kApaDa tathA sUtaranI AyAta aTakI jatAM vikaryo hato, AthI rUno bhAva gAMsaDI dITha 1915 mAM rU. 215 hatA te vadhIne 1918mAM rU. 657 thayo hate. 19rara mAM e ghaTIne rU. 48pa thayo hate. rUnA bhAva-vadhArAne lAbha vepArIo tathA

Page #274
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 248 moTA kheDUtone maLyo hato. vaparAzI cIjonI yuddha bAda vadhAre mAMga hevAthI bhAvavadhAre cAlu rahyo hate. 1923-24 thI rAjInA dara ghaTayA hatA. A ghaTADo kuzaLa karatAM binakuzaLa majUronI rojImAM vadhAre seMdhAyo hato. sane 1923-24 thI 1927-28 daramyAna gujarAtanA keTalAka bhAgomAM dukALa ane achatanI paristhiti hatI. sane 1927 mAM bhAre varasAdane kAraNe narmadAnI uttare AvelA pradezathI mAMDIne pAlanapura ane saurASTranA gohilavADa-jhAlAvADanAM vistAromAM khetI ane milaktane bhAre nukasAna thayuM hatuM. sarakAre kheDUtone rU. 77 lAkha lena tarIke dhIryA hatA. makAna mATe sastA dare patarAM ApyAM hatAM. saradAra vallabhabhAI paTele A abhUtapUrva relasaMkaTamAM rAhata kArya hAtha dharI amUlya phALo Apyo hate. 1923-1926 daramyAna kApaDa udyogamAM maMdInI zarUAta thaI hatI ane jApAnanI tIvra harIphAIne sAmane karavo paDyo hate. rU ane kApaDanA bhAvamAM bhAre UthalapAthala thaI hatI. bhArata sarakAranI nIti paNa bhAratanA mila-udyoganA bhAge lenkezAyaranA udyogane protsAhana ApavAnI hatI. keTalIka mile phaDacAmAM gaI hatI ne keTalAkanA mAlika badalAyA hatA. emane cokhkho napho 1921 mAM rU. 2,51,pa6,230 ho te ghaTIne 1925 mAM rU. 55,96,238 thaI gaye hati. 1926 nI Teripha borDanI tapAsa ane 1929 mAM hADInI tapAsa bAda lenkezAyaranI "zAhI pasaMdagIne nAme tarapheNa karI hatI, jene 1932 mAM ripha boDe paNa virodha karyo hato. 1923 pachI majUronA pagAramAM kApa muka hatuM. pariNAme majUro haDatALa upara gayA hatA. A kApa 1928mAM amuka aMze ocho thayo hato.' 19ra9 thI vizvavyApI maMdInI zarUAta thaI hatI. pariNAme karoDa rUpiyAnAM cAMdI ane tenuM paradezamAM ghasaDAI gayAM hatAM, khetInA pAkanA bhAva paNa besI gayA hatA. 19ra7 mAM saurASTranAM rAjyanI keTalIka anicchanIya rItinItine kAraNe pharI dhaMdhukA-vIramagAmanI lAInarI lAdavAmAM AvI hatI ane bhAvanagara sivAya anya rAjyonAM baMdaronA vikAsamAM avarodha Ume thayo hate. lokhaMDa lAkaDuM vilAyatI naLiyAM nALiyera khAMDa kApaDa khajUra vagere nI baheLA pAyA upara AyAta karAtI hatI ane enI pazcima bhAratanA aMdaranA bhAgamAM nikAsa thatI hatI. cAMdI ane besTInA kApaDanI dANacorI vadhI hatI. 1925 thI 1936 nA gALAmAM saurASTranAM rAjyoe potAnAM baMdaronA vikAsa mATe rU. sADA traNa

Page #275
250 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI karoDanA kharyAM karyAM hatA. bhAvanagare navuM baMdara bAMdhyuM hatuM. vaDodarA rAjye AkhAnuM navuM baMdara 1925 mAM khullu mUkyuM hatuM. 1930-36 nA gALAmAM bhAvanagara tathA anya rAjayonAM baMdarAnI nikAsa upara bhAre jakAta na nakhAI tyAMsudhI karAMcI ane muMbainA vepAramAM ghaTADo thavAnI dahezata jAgI hatI. 1931 mAM dareka vastunA bhAva maMdIne kAraNe nIcA gayA hatA, paNa majUrInA daramAM khAsa ghaTADo thayA na hatA eTale kheDUtane mevaDo mAra paDayo hatA. 1932-33 mAM ghauMnA bhAva eka rUpiyAnA 18 zera lekhe hatA te 1934-35 mAM 22 zera thayela, paNa 1935 thI 1940 daramyAna gujarAtanA keTalAka bhAgeAmAM avAra-navAra dukALa ane achatane kAraNe bhAva vadhyA hatA. 1935-36 ane 1936-37 mAM ghau MnA bhAva eka rU. nA 16 ane 14 zera thaI gayA hatA, te pramANe eraDA tathA gALatA bhAva paNa vadhyA hatA. 1938 sudhI A sthiti raDI hatI. mitra-udyoganI paNa sthiti sArI na hatI. A kAraNe 1935 mAM mila-majUrAnI rAchamAM pharI kApa mukAyA hatA.7 sapTembara, 1939 mAM khIju vizvayuddha zarU thatAM saTTAkhorI ane saMdharAkhArInA kAraNe bhAva khUba vadhyA hatA. hiMdu sarakAre bhAva uparanA aMkuza ane anAjanI mApabaMdhI dAkhala karI hatI. kaccha ane saurASTranAM rAjyAmAMthI kApaDa tathA vaparAzI cIjonI nikAsa karavA upara pratibadha mUkI 40 lAkhanI prajAne bAnamAM lIdhI hatI. yuddhane kAraNe ekhA ane eDI sivAyanAM baMdarAnA vepAra ghaTI gayA hatA. dANacorIthI sAbu dIvAsaLI khAMDa kApaDa vagerenI madhyapUrvanA dezAmAM nikAsa thatI hatI. khajUranA vADiyAmAM chupAvI araba vahANavaTIo sonu lAvatA hatA. aMkuroAne kAraNe kALAMbajAra, kALu nANuM, lAMcaruzavata ane sadharAkhArIne prAtsAhana maLyuM hatuM. anAja khAMDa kApaDa vagere lazkara mATe jatu hatuM . A badhAM kAraNosara jIvana-jarUriyAtanI cIjonA bhAva vadhyA hatA, majUrI meAMghI thaI hatI ane vepArIo tathA moTA kheDUtone taDAko paDayo hato. 1942 nI AjhAdInI laData daramyAna amadAvAdanI mile 106 divasa baMdha rahI hAvA chatAM teoe khUba naphe karyAM hatA. traNa pALImAM milA calAvI hatI. pariNAme yaMtrone khUba sAro paDayo hato. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna anAjanA bhAva vadhavAthI enAM vAvetara ane utpAdana vadhyAM hatAM. A sthiti 19para sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. rUnI nikAsa baMdha thatAM enA bhAva ghaTayA hatA tethI enu tathA anya zaeNkaDiyA pAke tu vAvetara ghaTayu hatu.

Page #276
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 251 bhAvavadhArAnA lAbha kheDUto ane vepArIone maLyA hatA, paNa nAnA kheDUtonI mAla lAMbA vakhata sudhI saMgrahI rAkhavAnI zakti na hovAthI tathA khetIdhirANa ma MDaLIo vagereno vikAsa thayA na heAvAthI emanuM zASaNa vepArIo tathA zAhukAro dvArA thayuM hatuM. zAhukAranu devu cUkavavA bajAra-bhAva karatAM paNa echA bhAve potAnA mAla vecI nAkhavAnI kheDUtone pharaja paDI hatI ane te devAdAra banyA hatA. muMbaI previnziyala baeNnka samitinA 1929 nA ahevAla mujaba gujarAtanA briTiza zAsana taLenA pAMca jillAnA kheDUtonuM devuM rU. 75 lAkha hatuM. bhAvanagara rAjyanI RNarAhata samitinA aMdAja (1933-34) pramANe jamInanA pratyeka ekaradITha bhAvanagara rAjyanA kheDUtanuM devu rU. 18 hatuM. uttara gujarAtanA kheDUtanu devu ekaradITha rU. 20 hatu, jyAre dakSiNa gujarAtanA kheDUtanu ekaradIH rU. para hatuM. vAdarA rAjyanI tapAsa samitie 1918-19 mAM vaDodarA rAjyanA kheDUtAnA devAnI rakama rU. 8 karoDa aMdAjI hatI. tyAra pachI 1929 nI madInA kAraNe emAM anekagaNA vadhAro thayA haze. bhAratamAM 1930-38 nA gALAmAM kheDUtAnA devAmAM 100 TakA vadhArA thayA te eTale gujarAtamAM paNa Ave! vadhArA thayA haze ja. devAnA kAraNe kheDUtane gAmaDu choDI zaheramAM majUra thavA pharaja paDatI hatI ane enI jamIna binakheta zAhukAranA hastaka gaI hatI. sane 1926 thI 1937 daramyAna gujarAtanA briTiza zAsana nIcenA pAMca jillAomAM kheDUtAe 1,42,000 ekara jamIna gumAvI hatI, jyAre binakheDUta jamIna-mAlikonI saMkhyA 75,000 thI vadhIne 1,10,400 thaI hatI. grAmavistAramAM pazupAlana sivAya anya udyoga na hovAthI dara varase vadhatI vastInA kAraNe khetInI jamIna uparanuM khANuM vadhyuM hatuM. khetInA AdhAra mukhyatve varasAda upara hovAthI kheDUta tathA kheta-majUro varasanA cha mAsa sudhI kAmamAM rAkAyelA rahetA, bAkInA samaya te abhUkhamarAnI sthitimAM vitAvatA hatA. mAtra dhanika ane madhyama varganA pagAradAra lokonI sthiti sa MtASakAraka hatI. " gujarAtamAM mila-udyoga sivAya anya udyoga, jevA ke mATIkAma-udyoga raMga-rasAyaNu ane davA-udyoga vagerenI zarUAta thaI hatI. 1934 mAM eTAvA mukAme thayelA karAra mujaba zAhI pasa MdagInI nIti cAlu rahI hatI eTale paradezanA udyogone uttejana maLavAnu cAlu hatuM. mitra-udyogamAM rokAyelA kAmadAronI sthiti majUra mahAjana jevI sasthAne kAraNe sudharI hatI. khetamajUro AdivAsI-kheDUte dUbaLA vagerenu zeSagu thatu hatu. veThaprathA paNa gAmaDAMomAM

Page #277
repara AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pracalita hatI. 1921 pachI AdivAsI tathA harijanonI sthiti sudhAravA amRtalAla Thakakara, sukhalAla trivedI, iMdulAla yAjJika, mAmA sAheba phaDake vagerenA kAraNe bhIla-sevAmaMDaLa" tathA "harijana-sevaka saMgha sthApIne sudhAravA prayatna karyA hatA. udyoga ane vepAranA vikAsa sAthe rojagArInI tako vadhI hatI chatAM vahANavaTuM vImA-udyoga ane baeNnkiMga upara paradezIonI pakakaDa ochI thaI na hatI. dezI rAjAo majazokhamAM paDI gayA hatA. mAtra bhAvanagara vaDodarA goMDaLa vagere rAjyoe vepAra-udyogane protsAhana ApyuM hatuM tathA kheDUtanI sthiti sudhAravA tarapha lakSa ApyuM hatuM. dezI rAjyomAM karaverAnuM pramANa ochuM hovAthI udyogonA vikAsanI zarUAta thaI hatI. bIlImorA ane amadAvAda sivAyanA taLa-gujarAtanAM siddhapura kalela navasArI khaMbhAta peTalAda kaDI vaDodarA jevAM zaheromAM tathA saurASTramAM navI mile tema kArakhAnAM vadhyAM hatAM. 1920 mAM amadAvAda sivAya anyatra 15 mila hatI te vadhIne 1930 mAM 32 thaI hatI, 1940 mAM ghaTIne e ra7 thaI hatI. saurASTramAM 1920 mAM 4 mila hatI te 1940 mAM 10 thaI hatI.10 AjhAdI pachI gujarAtanA vikAsane avarodhatI vIramagAma ane dhaMdhukAnI lAInarI dUra thaI hatI, rAjyo vaccenI jakAtI dIvAle dUra thaI hatI. A kAraNe baMdone vikAsa thayo hato. karAcI baMdaranI kheTa pUravA kaMDalAnuM navuM baMdara mejara paTa tarIke 1955 mAM astitvamAM AvyuM. sutarAu kApaDa-udyoga uparAMta ArTa silka-udyoga ijanerI-udyoga raMgarasAyaNa davA siremikasa-mATInAM vAsaNa banAvavAne udyoga vagerene vikAsa thayo che. rAjyamAM rastAonuM pramANa AjhAdI pUrve daseka hajAra mAIla jeTaluM hatuM temAM umero thaye che. rASTriya dhorImArga rAjyamArga tathA jillAnAM mathakone joDatA rastA astitvamAM AvyA che. kaMDalA baMdarane enA pIDa-pradeza sAthe joDatI DIsA-kaMDalA relave lAIna tathA sikkAne joDatI gopa-kATakeLA relave lAIna nakhAI che. hiMmatanagaraudepura lAIna dvArA gujarAta ane rAjasthAna vaccenI vyavahAranI sAMkaLa majabUta thaI che. sTeTa TrAnsaperTa dvArA musApharI saraLa ane jhaDapI banI che. khetInA kSetre kAkarApAra vaNAkaborI brAhmaNa bhAdara zetru cha macchu Aja roLA vagere nadIonA baMdha baMdhAtAM khetInuM utpAdana vadhyuM che. anAjane badale telIbiyAM kapAsa ane tamAku jevA rokaDiyA pAkonA vAvetara ane utpAdana vadhyAM che. kheDUtone khAtara tema sArA biyAraNa ane dhirANanI sagavaDa gAmamAM ja maLe e mATe khetI-dhirANa sakArI maMDaLI" "jamIna vikAsa baeNnka' vagere astitvamAM

Page #278
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 253 AvyAM che. AjhAdI bAda saurASTramAM moTAM zaheramAM ja mApakha`dhI hatI ane amuka maryAdita AvakavALAne ja anAja kApaDa khAMDa vagere maLatAM hatAM te uparAMta khullA bajAramAMthI paNa jIvana-jarUriyAtanI vastuo maLI zakatI hatI. 1954 mAM AkhA dezamAMthI mApabaMdhI uThAvI levAmAM AvI ane anAja vagerenI heraphera uparanA aMkuza dUra thatAM khetInI pedAzanA bhAvA upara asara thaI ane kheDUtane vAjabI bhAva maLatAM anAja tathA anya vastu sulabha thaI hatI. taLagujarAtamAM saurASTra prakAranI sastA anAjanI dukAna zarU karI Arthika rIte nabaLA varSAMte sarakAre sahAya karI hatI. AjhAdI pachI 1948 mAM samagra gujarAtamAM sakhata dukALa paDayo hateA. 1949-50 mAM bhIne dukALa paDayo. 1951 1952, 1957-58 ane 1959 mAM rAjyanA keTalAka bhAgeAmAM dukALa paDayo hatA. A prasa Mge rAhata-kAya' karI, ghAsacArAnI AyAta karI manuSyA ane pazuono jAnahAni ane saMkaTa dUra karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. kheDe tetI jamIna'nI nIti apanAvI gaNAtiyAene jamIna-mAlike banAvyA ane kheDUtane RNarAhata vagere dvArA tathA dhirANanI sagavaDa pUrI pADI zAhukAranA paMjAmAMthI mukta karAvyA hatA. saMgaThita majUrAne meAMdhavArI pramANe emanA vetanamAM vadhAro thayA che. vIjaLInu utpAdana vadhatAM gAmaDAMonu vIjaLIkaraNa thayuM che. khetI mATe vIjaLI upalabdha thaI che. zikSaNanu pramANa khUba vadhyu che. AdivAsI harijanA tathA anya pachAta vargonA utkarSa mATe AzramazALAe skolarazipa pustako gaNaveza vageretI sahAya dvArA zikSaNa laI zake tevI sagavaDa apAi che. aspRyatA-nivAraNa mATe dhArA ghaDAyA che ane nekarImAM paNa emanI TakAvArI nakkI karI nIcalA varSAMte sarakArI sahAya karAI che. asaMgaThita khetamajUrA AdivAsI vagerenI sthiti hajI pUrepUrI sudharI nathI. gAmaDAMomAM khetI sivAya bIjA udyoga na hovAdhI khetamajUrAne 6-8 mAsa kAma maLe che, bAkInA samaya teo bekAra rahe che. kALu nANuM tathA nANAnA phugAvAne kAraNe bhAvavadhAro rokI zakAyA nathI tevI bAMdhI AvakavALAnI sthiti yAtanApUrNa banI che. dhanika vadhu dhanika banyA che ane garIba vadhu garIba banyA che. 2. khetI gujarAtamAM moTA bhAganA lokone AdhAra khetI upara che. sane 1971 pahelAM 80 TakA uparAMta leAkeAnI AjIvikAne AdhAra khetI upara hatA. 1971 mAM kula 76,35,715 vastI hatI ane 35,10,012 kAma karanArAe paikI 73

Page #279
254 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI TakA eTale 26,13,684 loka taLa-gujarAtamAM khetI upara nabhatAM hatAM. 1951 mAM taLa-gujarAtanA 62.16 TakA, saurASTranA 46.62 TakA ane kacchanA 42.03 TakA lokono mukhya vyavasAya khetI hatA eTale samagra gujarAtanI 161 lAkhanI vastI paikI 92.51 lAkha loka eTale kula vastInA 57.4 TakA loka khetI dvArA rAjI meLavatAM hatAM. 1961 nI vastI-gaNatarImAM AzritenI je te vibhAgamAM noMdha levAI nathI. kAma karanAra kula 84.74 lAkha paikI 57.51 lAkha leka khetImAM rokAyAM hatAM. Ama khetImAM rAkAyelAMonI TakAvArI 68.3 TakA Ave che. ADakatarI rIte khetI upara nabhatAM lokone A saMkhyAmAM umerA karIe te enI TakAvArI 75 TakA thAya che. grAmavistAramAM bIjA koI vyavasAyanA abhAve khetImAM vadhAre loka joDAyAM hatAM. hiMdamAM khetImAM joDAyelAM lekAnuM pramANu 9 TakA hatuM. 11 sane 1951 mAM taLa-gujarAtamAM eka karoDa 40 lAkha ekara, saurASTramAM 86 lAkha ekara ane kacchamAM 11,41,779 ekara jamInamAM khetI thatI hatI. sane 1957-18 mAM gujarAtanI 2,27,88,800 ekara jamIna khetI nIce hatI. 1958-59 mAM 2,44,15,200 ekara eTale kula vistAranA para.47 TakA jamInamAM khetI thatI hatI. 23,57,200 ekaramAM ( 5.5 TakA ) jaMgale, 1,14,32,400 ekara (26 TakA) ujjaDa ane binakheDANa, 4,55,470 ekara khetI sivAyanA upayAganI, 18,27,000 ekara (55 TakA) kheDANa lAyaka paDatara ane 26,65,000 jamIna gAcara nIce (5.93) hatI, bAkInI paDatara jamIna hatI. kula jamIna 44,02,300 ekara hatI.12 kheDANa nIcenI jamInamAM anAja ane rU telIbiyAM tamAku dhAsa phaLA vagere rAkaDiyA pAkAnu vAvetara thatuM hatuM. anAja ane rAkaDiyA pAkanA pramANane AdhAra bajAramAM pravatA bhAve upara amuka aMze avala e che. agAu anAja ane kapAsanA vAvetara tarapha lakSa apAtuM hatuM, paNa hAla kapAsa uparAMta magaphaLInu vAvetara vadhAre thAya che. magaphaLIne halakI jamIna paNa mAphaka Ave che ane anAja karatAM enA utAra vadhAre Ave che; vaLI jamInanI phaLadrupatAmAM enAthI vadhArA thAya che tathA ene pAle pazunA cArA mATe paNa upayogI che. sane 1958-59 mAM kheDANa nIcenI jamIna paikI 53. 30 TakA jamInamAM anAjanuM ane 46.70 TakA jamInamAM telIbiyAM zeraDI kapAsa tamAku ghAsa vagere kaDiyA pAkonu vAvetara thayuM hatuM. 1961-62 mAM 46 TakA jamIna khArAkI pAka nIce hatI. 13

Page #280
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 255 sane 1951 mAM kula 12,43,400 Tana anAja ane 11,800 Tana kaThoLanuM utpAdana thayuM hatuM. 1953-54 mAM 23.59 lAkha Tana ane 1958-59 mAM 24.14 lAkha Tana anAja pAyuM hatuM. 1956-57 ane 1957-58mAM achatane kAraNe anAja ochuM pADyuM hatuM. 1951-para thI 1961-62 nA gALA daramyAna anAjanuM utpAdana 15 lAkha TanathI vadhIne 24 lAkha Tana thayuM hatuM. Ama eka dasakAmAM nava lAkha Tanane vadhAre thaye hatA. 1960-61 mAM anAjanuM utpAdana 17.69 lAkha Tana ane 1961-62 mAM 23.08 lAkha Tana thayela. magaphaLInuM utpAdana 1950-51 mAM 1. 42 lAkha Tana hatuM te vadhIne 1958-59 mAM 11. 25 lAkha Tana thayuM hatuM. rUnuM utpAdana A gALA daramyAna 6. 85 lAkha gAMsaDIthI vadhIne 12.97 lAkha gAMsaDI ane tamAkunuM utpAdana 23,000 Tana hatuM te vadhIne bevaDuM thayuM hatuM. anAjanuM utpAdana vadhyuM chatAM anAjanI khAdha rahetI hatI. A khAdhA lagabhaga 18 lAkha Tana jeTalI gaNAya che.14 1960-61 mAM gujarAta samagra dezamAM utpanna thatA rUnuM 26.38 TakA, magaphaLInuM 25.15 TakA ane tamAkunuM 20.18 TakA utpAdana kare che. gujarAtanAM AbohavA jamIna vagerene anulakSIne dakSiNa-gujarAta madhyagujarAta uttara-gujarAta saurASTra ane kaccha ema pAMca vibhAga che. jamIna dakSiNa gujarAtamAM pAsa DAMgara juvAra ane zeraDI, madhya gujarAtamAM bAjarI kapAsa DAMgara ane tamAku, uttara-gujarAtamAM bAjarI juvAra kapAsa jIruM eraMDA othamI-jIruM rAyaDe sarasava, saurASTramAM bAjarI juvAra magaphaLI ane kyAsa ane kacchamAM bAjarI juvAra kapAsa ane eraMDA mATe anukULa che. saurASTra ane kacchamAM bAjarI ane juvAranuM vAvetara 40 TakA vistAramAM thAya che. DAMgara sAbaramatIthI laI damaNa-gaMgAnA medAnI vistAramAM thAya che magaphaLInuM utpAdana saurASTramAM vizeSa che. ghauMnuM utpAdana uttara gujarAta tathA pUrva ane dakSiNa saurASTramAM vizeSa thAya che. tamAku kheDA ane vaDodarA jillAmAM vizeSa thAya che. anAja magaphaLI pAsa vagerenuM ekaradITha utpAdana ochuM che. gujarAtane 17 jillAo paikI paMcamahAla mahesANA amarelI ane DAMgamAM jarUriyAta karatAM vadhAre anAja pAke che. jAmanagara banAsakAMThA sAbarakAMThA surendranagara bharUca bhAvanagara kaccha ane rAjakoTamAM anAjanI khAdha ghaNI ochI che, jyAre kheDA jUnAgaDha ane vaDodarAmAM anAjanI vizeSa khAdha rahe che. sahuthI vadhAre khAdhavALo jillo amadAvAda che. 1950-53 ane 1955-58 nAM varSo daramyAna

Page #281
256 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI anAjanA utpAdanane abhyAsa karatAM DAMga vaDedarA bharUca ane jUnAgaDhamAM anAjanuM utpAdana sthira che, jyAre amadAvAda jillAmAM anAjanuM utpAdana ghaTADe darzAve che. bAkInA jillA pragatizIla che; emAM anAjanuM utpAdana kramaza: vadhatuM rahyuM che ane 10 TakA purAMta paNa batAve che.15 kasa ocho hevAnuM kAraNa khAtarane apUra upayoga che. khAtaranA sapramANa upayogathI 30 TakA utpAdanamAM vadhAre thAya che. varasAda ane relanA pANIthI jamInanuM khAsa karIne nadIkAMThAnA ke DuMgarALa vistAramAM jovANa thAya che, upara kapa ghasaDAI jatAM ketare paDI jAya che. | gujarAtamAM jUnAgaDha ane dakSiNa gujarAta sivAya anyatra varasAda aniyamita paDe che. dara pAMca varase ekAda varasa dukALa ke achatanuM Ave che. kaccha banAsakAMThA uttara ane pazcima saurASTramAM dara pAMca varase be varasa evAM hoya che. gujarAtamAM siMcAInuM pramANa ochuM che. 1947 pahelAM 1,59,011 ekaramAM siMcAI thatI hatI, pahelI yojanAne aMte emAM 74,100 ekarane vadhAre thayo hatuM. bIjI yejanAne aMte emAM 1960-61 mAM 1,76,572 ekara jamInamAM nahera dvArA siMcAI thaI. 92-95 TakA jeTalA vistAra kUvAnA pANIthI siMcAIne lAbha meLave che. 11.32 lAkha ekara taLAva kaccha guMDaLa jAmanagara ane bhAvanagara jevAM rAjyomAM hatA. AjhAdI bAda tApI mahI bhAdara zetruMjI madhu brAhmaNI bhegA AjI dhI siMhaNa punA hiraNa macchudrI ojhata raMdhoLA rudramAtA vagere nadIo upara baMdha baMdhAtAM siMcAInuM pramANa vadhyuM che, chatAM 1960-61 mAM gujarAtamAM kula jamIna paikI 62 TakA jamInane ja siMcAIne lAbha maLato hato, jyAre bhAratamAM A pramANa 17 TakA hatuM.' jamInanI jAta tathA pANInI tapAsa karI vadhumAM vadhu lAbha levA nathI. ghauMnuM vAvetara dakSiNa gujarAtamAM thAya tyAM utAra ocho Ave che, jyAre uttara gujarAtamAM DAMgarane utAra e che Ave che. eka pAka vAraMvAra levAthI jamInanI phaLadrupatA ghaTI jAya che. biyAraNa mATe moTA bhAganA kheDUta vepArI upara AdhAra rAkhe che. khetIvADI khAtA taraphathI pUratA pramANamAM sudhArela biyAraNa maLatuM nathI, A kAraNe ocho utAra Ave che. kheDUte garIbIne kAraNe sAruM sudhAreluM biyAraNa vAparI zaktA nathI. gujarAtamAM gIra kAMkarejI ane tharI olAdanAM pazu che, paNa enI zuddhatA jaLavAtI nathI. pariNAme kheDUta garIbInA kAraNe game tevA baLadane upayoga kare che. vaLI pazuone pUrate khorAka maLatuM nathI tethI kAryazaktimAM ghaTADo jovA maLe che. hajI paNa purAtanI

Page #282
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 257 : lAkaDAnA haLane upayoga pracalita che. lokhaMDanAM phaLa bhAvanagara ane mahesANA jillAo sivAya ochAM vaparAya che. TrekTara oIla-enjina vagere sAdhanane upayoga paNa ocho thAya che. khetInI jamInanuM pramANa saurASTra ane kacchamAM vadhAre che, jyAre taLa-gujarAtamAM vArasa-paddhatine kAraNe pAMca ekarathI ochI jamIna dharAvatA kheDUtonI saMkhyA vizeSa che. jamIna ekIsAthe na hovAthI TukaDA pAchaLa mahenata ochI levAya che ne jamIna sudhArAtI nathI. 1920, 1933 ane 1947 ne jamInanuM ekIkaraNa karavA ane TukaDA upara pratibaMdha mUkatA kAyadA thayA che, paNa ene pUrate amala thaye nathI. sArI khetI mATe samayasara biyAraNa khAtara ane adyatana sAdhananI jarUra rahe che. moTA bhAganA kheDUta agAu sthAnika zAhukAra ane vepArIo upara AdhAra rAkhatA hatA, paNa khetadhirANa karatI sahakArI maMDaLIo astitvamAM AvatAM khAtara ane biyAraNa sabhyone maLe che, Ama chatAM sahakArI pravRtti pUratA pramANamAM viksI na hovAthI kheDUta sthAnika vepArI upara AdhAra rAkhe che tethI lAMbA gALAnA dhirANa mATe jamIna vikAsa baeNnka madadarUpa thAya che, paNa ene pUrate lAbha levAtuM nathI. kheDUte keTalIka vAra dhirANa meLavIne sAmAjika prasaMgomAM vAparI nAkhatA hoya che ne dhirANane hetu mAryo jAya che. RNa-rAhata dhArAne kAraNe zAhukAranuM dhirANa ochuM thayuM che, paNa khAnagI meTA kheDUto dvArA dhirANa ane zoSaNa thAya che eTale dhirANanI agavaDane kAraNe utpAdana upara viparIta asara thAya che. pAka taiyAra thAya tyAre moTA bhAge sthAnika vepArIone ene pAka vece che athavA najIkanA zaheramAM vecANa mATe jAya che. pAka bajAramAM Ave tyAre enA bhAva nIcA rAkhavA vepArIo prayatnazIla hoya che. mArkeTa yArDa tathA sahakArI maMDaLI dvArA pAka saMdharavAnI vyavasthA thAya te kheDUtane vAjabI bhAva maLe ane vadhu utpAdana tarapha vaLe, paNa mArkeTa yArDa ane niyaMtrita bajAranI sagavaDa theDAMka zahere pUratI maryAdita che eTale sthAnika vepArIne Azraya levAnI kheDUtane jarUra paDe che. agAu kheDUto abhaNa ane vadhu rUDhicusta hatA tethI navI paddhati tema sAdhano ane biyAraNa apanAvavA taiyAra thatA na hatA. emane mArgadarzana maLI rahe e mATe nidarzana ke Adarza phAma paNa ochAM hatAM. hajI A uparAMta sAmAjika prasaMgoe khUba kharca karavAnI Teva ghaTavAne badale vadhavA lAgI che. kheDe te jamInane siddhAMta apanAvyuM e pahelAM saurASTra ane kacchamAM 33 thI 50 TakA jamIna girAsadAro pAse hatI. emAM kheDUtonuM zeSaNa 17.

Page #283
258 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI thatuM hatuM, paNa gaNotadhAre 1939 ane 1947 mAM ane saurASTramAM 1951 mAM thatAM A zeSaNane aMta Avyo che. girAsadAranI jamIna sudhAravA kheDUta kharca na kare e svAbhAvika che, kAraNa ke bIje varase e ja kheDUta rahe enI koI khAtarI hetI nathI.17 Ama upara jaNAvelAM kAraNosara pAkane utAra ekaradITha ochA AvatA hatuM, paNa AjhAdI bAda khetIvADI ane sahakArI khAtA taraphathI dhaniSTha prayAsa hAtha dharAtAM khetInI paddhatimAM pheraphAra thayo che. khAtarane upayoga vadhyo che, dhirANanI sagavaDa paNa vadhI che. kheDUta zAhukAra, girAsadAra tathA amaladAronI cuMgalamAMthI mahad aMze mukta thayuM che ane khetImAM krAMtinI zarUAta thaI che. 3. mahesUla-paddhati | gujarAtamAM AjhAdI pUrve briTiza hakUmatanA pAMca jillAomAM tathA bhAvanagara jUnAgaDha jAmanagara gaMDaLa vaDhavANa vagere dezI rAjyomAM madrAsamAM manarAe zarU karelI ane muMbaI rAjyamAM elphinsTane pracalita karelI raiyatavArI ke viTI-paddhati pracalita hatI. bAkInA bhAgamAM bhAgabaTAI-paddhati nIce 1/3 thI 1/4 pAkane bhAga mahesUla tarIke levAtuM hatuM, jyAre 1,700 gAme ane 2/5 vistAramAM viTI-prathA astitvamAM hatI. dara alaga hatA. 1,200 gAma girAsadArI hatAM temAM bhAgabaTAI pracalita hatI. A uparAMta bArakhalIdArIpaddhati 353 gAmamAM hatI, teo mahesUla bharatA na hatA. kacchamAM bhAyAtI ane inAmI gAmamAM 14 thI 1/5 bhAga lagabhaga 50 TakA gAme ane 2/ 3 vistAramAM levAtuM hatuM. rayatavArI-paddhati nIce jamInanI mAlikI rAjyanI che, paNa kheDUtane jamIna dhAraNa karavAne haka kabajedAra tarIke che. A hakanI rUe e jamInane bhogavaTe tema bakSisa tabadilI vagere karI zake che. bhAgabaTAI karatAM nizcita rakamanI vigheTI bharavAnuM kheDUta pasaMda kare che. bhAgabaTAI mAM jora-julama thavAnI zakyatA hatI, paNa dukALane prasaMge ja e phAyadAkAraka jaNAI hatI. 18 gujarAtamAM jamIna-mahesUlane dara ekasarakho na hato, bIjA prAMtanI sarakhAmaNImAM e vizeSa hato. rAdhanapuramAM 1935-36 mAM A dara kheDUtadITha sarerAza rU. 6 hata, vaDodarA rAjyamAM 1938-39 mAM A dara rU. 4.7 hate. jamIna-mahesUla ghaTADavA vaDodarA rAjyamAM AMdolana thayuM hatuM ane rAjayane rU. 20 lAkhanuM mahesUla ghaTADavA pharaja paDI hatI. rAjapIpaLA rAjyamAM 1934-35 mAM A dara rU. 4.5 ho, saMtarAmapurAmAM e rU. 2.1 hatuM, jyAre briTiza jillAomAM

Page #284
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 259 A dara rU. 3 hatuM. mArA viThThalagaDha pAlanapura rAdhanapura IDara jevAM dezI rAjyamAM ane kheDA ane surata jillAmAM mahesUlamAM vadhAre karAtAM upayukta dezI rAjyomAM tathA borasada ane bAraDolImAM lokone satyAgrahane Azraya levo paDayo hato. 1928-30 mAM mAtara tAlukAnI je. sI. kumArapAe tapAsa karI tyAre ene jaNAyuM hatuM ke khetIne kharca Upaja karatA vadhAre ho ane kheDUta devAdAra hatA. A kAraNe samAjavAdI kAryakaroe jamInanI AvakamAMthI kharca bAda karI mahesUla levAnI nIti svIkAravA mATe dabANa karyuM hatuM ane paMcamahAla tathA surata jillAmAM AMdolana thayAM hatAM. uparyukta mahesUla-paddhatio uparAMta keTalIka viziSTa paddhatio, jevI ke naravAdArI mevAsI malekI tAlukadArI, paragaNA ane kulakaNI vatana, vaphAdArI inAmI vanadArI salAmI matAdArI vagere paddhatio hatI. A paddhitio 1949 thI 1953 mAM briTiza jillAomAMthI rada karAI hatI. saurASTramAM girAsadArI ane bArakhalI-paddhati hatI. 1950 mAM khetI-sudhAraNA kamizane bhalAmaNa karyA mujaba 1951 mAM saurASTra saeNnDariphoma ane saurASTra bArakhalI nAbUdI kAyado ane 19para mAM saurASTra esTeTa eNvijhizana eNkaTathI girAsadArI ane bArakhalIprathAne aMta AvyuM hatuM. kacchamAM girAsadArI mULa garAsa bhAyAtI cAkariyAta dodI dharmAdA kherAtI vagere jamIne hatI. muMbaI jAgIranAbUdI kAyadA (1953)nA dhoraNe kacchamAMthI uparanI paddhatio nAbUda karAI hatI ane vidyATI-prathA khAlasA sivAyanI anya jamIna mATe amalamAM AvI hatI.19 naravAdArI ke bhAgadArI-paddhati bharUca kheDA surata ane paMcamahAlanAM 119 gAmamAM pracalita hatI. pUrepUrA AkAra karatAM ochI rakamane cokkasa AMkaDo nakkI karAyuM hatuM. 1949mAM A paddhati nAbUda karAtAM sarakArane rU. 33,504 mahesUla peTe vadhAre maLyA. paMcamahAlanA kAlola tAlukAnAM 21 gAmomAM kALI rAjapUta bhIle vagerenI lUMTaphATa tema trAsa aTakAvavA mevAsI (mahIvAsI)-paddhati akhatyAra karAI hatI ne 30 - 60 TakA ochuM mahesUla levAtuM hatuM. sarakAre rU. 7,306 vaLatara ApI 1949 mAM A prathA rada karI hatI. sarakArane rU. 10,442 ne phAyade hatA. kheDA jillAnA ThAsarA tAlukAnAM 27 gAma pAvAgaDhanI caDAI vakhate sane 1483 mAM mahamUda begaDAe malekane ApyAM hatAM. 7/9 AnI mahesUlanA maleka hakadAra hatA. 150 mAM malakI haka nAbUda karAyo hato. taLagujarAtanA amadAvAda kheDA paMcamahAla bharUca amarelI mahesANA ane sAbarakAMThA jillAonAM 544 gAme ane 4ra vATAomAM A prathA pracalita hatI, jene

Page #285
210 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vistAra 14,09,716 ekara hatuM ane mahesUlanI rakama rU. 15,23,428 paikI sarakArane teo rU. 6,26,578 dara varase bharatA hatA. tAlukadAronI saMkhyA 2.868 hatI 1949 mAM A paddhati nAbUda karAI hatI. kapaDavaMja tAlukAnuM gAma kulakaNa vatana tarIke hatuM. 1956 mAM A haka nAbUda karAyA hatA. 1548 mAM vaTavA gAmane vajIphe gujarAtanA sulatAna mahamUdazAhe kukheAlamane Apyo hato. vajIphAnI rakama rU. 8500 briTiza sarakArane bharAtI hatI. 1950 mAM vaphAdArI-prathA rada karAI hatI. sarakAranI khAsa sevA badala gAma ke jamIna InAma apAyela, A haka 1-8-53 thI rada karAyo hate. vaDodarA rAjyamAM mahesUla ugharAvavAnuM kAma 135 vatanadAra karatA hatA temanI pAse 47,590 vIghA jamIna hatI ane rU. 6,237 rokaDa rakama apAtI hatI. 1953 mAM A paddhati rada karAI hatI. okhA-- maMDaLanA svAtaMtryapriya vAgheronI 18,592 ekara jamIna hatI tenI salAmI tarIke nAmanI rU. 625 rakama teo bharatA hatA. A jamInanA 10,000 vAghera ane vADhela jamIna-mAlika hatA 153 mAM salAmI-haka nAbUda thayA hatA. A jamIna 20 gAmomAM AvI hatI. AMkaDiyA-prathA vaDodarA IDara mAlapura vADAsinera luNAvADA ane devagaDha-bAriyAnA jaMgala ane DuMgarALa vistAranAM 15ra gAmamAM hatI. 10 thI 30 varasane cokkasa mahelane AMkaDo nakkI karAyuM hatuM. 153mAM A prathA nAbUda karAI hatI. matAdArI-prathA bAvIsI gaDhavADA vAtrakakAMThAnAM 130 gAmamAM pracalita hatI, jene vistAra 12 co. mA. hatA. sarakArane rU. 47,900 ApatA hatA. 195ra mAM A paddhati rada thaI hatI. mULa garAsanI prathA amarelI jillAnAM 10 zAkhAM ane 98 khAlasA gAmanA amuka vistAramAM pracalita hatI. kAThI ane saiyada mULa gAmadhaNI hatA, paNa emanA rakSaNa mATe gAyakvADane ghaNAM gAma ApI dIdhAM hatAM. mULa garAsiyAonI saMkhyA 545 hatI. A prathAne 1949 mAM tAlukadArI-prathA sAthe aMta Avyo hate. gAmanI sevA mATe hajAma kuMbhAra suthAra luhAra brAhmaNa kAjhI vagerene keTalIka jamIna tema amuka rakamanuM varSAsana apAtuM hatuM. 9,6 53 vyaktione A hakka 1954 mAM rada karAyA hatA. rAjakuTuMbanA mANasone nirvAha mATe athavA parAkrama dAkhavavA badala dezI rAjyamAM amuka gAma jAgIra tarIke apAtAM hatAM. IDara pAlanapura luNAvADA dAMtA mAlapura saMtarAmapura vageremAM saradArone lazkarI sevA badala AvAM gAma apAyAM hatAM. AvI 73 jAgIrane haka 1953 mAM nAbUda karAyuM hatuM. saurASTramAM 33,000 girAsadAronI 1,726 gAmamAM 29 lAkha ekara jamIna hatI. 1-9-53 thI A girAsadArI prathAne aMta Avyo hato. gharakheDa

Page #286
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 261 pUratI emane jamIna ApIne saMdhyA hatA. 60,004 gaNotiyAo paikI 58,000 gaNotiyAone jamInane kAyamI hakka apAyo hato. bArakhalIdAremAM inAmadAra chavAIdAra ane dharmAdA-cAkariyAta pasAyatI jamIna dharAvanArA hatA temanI saMkhyA 19,248 hatI. ATha lAkha ekara jamInanA e mAlika hatA. 1951 mAM bArakhalI-prathA rada karAI hatI. saurASTramAM 40 lAkha ekaramAM vidyArIprathA hatI. bAkInI 46 lAkha ekaramAM bhAgabaTAI hatI. 1948 mAM 1,700 gAmamAM sarve karIne vighoTI nakkI karAI hatI, jyAre 900 gAmamAM 193347 nAM varasa daramyAna thayela sarerAza Avakane lakSamAM laIne vigheTI nakkI thaI hatI. gharakheDanI jamIna girAsadArone ApIne emane asaMtoSa dUra karAyuM hatuM, chatAM bhUpata vagere bahAravaTiyAonA AzrayadAtA keTalAka asaMtuSTa tAlukadAro. ane rAjavIo hatA. Ama 1949 thI 1954 daramyAna samagra gujarAta mAM raiyatavArI-paddhati kramazaH dAkhala karAI hatI ane kheDUtone kAyamI trAsa ane bhayathI mukta karAyA hatA. 20 4. vepAra | gujarAtanA leke vepAramAM vadhAre pramANamAM che ane lekenI sthiti sArI che evI vyApaka mAnyatA che. taLa-gujarAtamAM 1931 mAM 76,35,715 mANasonI vastI hatI te paikI 35,10,112 leke kaI paNa prakAranA dhaMdhAmAM rokAyelA hatA. e paikI vepAra dvArA rojI meLavanAranI saMkhyA 1,46,128 hatI. A paikI 1,13,631 puruSa hatA ane 15,058 strI hatI. emanAM Azrita 8 987 ane 8,451 puruSa ane strIo hatAM, jyAre vepArane gANa dhaMdhA tarIke svIkAranArAM 1,136 puruSa ane 772 strI hatAM. A paikI 12,637 kApaDanA vepAramA, 64,418 anAjanA dhaMdhAmAM, 14,818 baeNnkamAM kAma karanAra, dhIradhAra karanAra vagere hatA. jeDA-cAmaDAmAM rokAyelA 1,321, pharnicara-lAtIvALA vagere 1,076, heTelavIzIvALA 7,635, vAhanavyavahAramAM 2,977, baLataNa peTrola vagere vecanAra 2,701, mejazekhanI vastuo baMgaDIo ane prasAdhane vecanAra 2.177 kamizana ejanTa-dalAlI karanAra vagere 1,059 tathA bAkInA paracUraNa dhaMdhAmAM paDelA 35,309 hatA. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke anAja kApaDa jevI jIvanajarUriyAtanI vastunA vecANamAM lagabhaga 50 TakA leko rokAyelA che. dUdhavALA mIThAIvALA kariyANAvALA vagerene anAja vecanAranI zreNImAM samAveza karAyo che. itara dhaMdhAovALAmAM pheriyA lArI-gallAvALA pAnabIDIvALA vagerene samAveza

Page #287
262 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI thayuM che. saurASTra ane kacchamAM rajavADAMonI vizeSa saMkhyAne kAraNe zaherIkaraNa vadhAre thayuM che ane gAmaDAM ekabIjAthI vadhAre aMtare AvelAM che tethI vepAramAM paDelAnI saMkhyA saurASTra ane kacchamAM vizeSa che. 1951 nI vastI-gaNatarI pramANe gujarAtanI kula vastI 16ra lAkha hatI te paikI 13,72,826 puruSa ane strI vepAramAM rokAyelAM hatAM. kula vastInA 8.5 TakA lokenI AjIvikAne AdhAra vepAra upara hata; AmAM kharekhara vepAra karanAra 2,97,436 puruSa ane 20,337 strIo hatA. bAkInI vyaktio kuTuMbanA mukhya puruSa upara AdhAra rAkhanArI che. 1951 mAM vadhAremAM vadhAre lake paracUraNa dhaMdhAmAM 1,14,463, anAja pINa vageremAM 1,09,774, kApaDa ne cAmaDAnA vepAramAM 32,591, anAjanA jaththAbaMdha ane chUTaka vepAramAM 8,559, dhIradhAra baeNnka vIme vageremAM 24,41, chUTaka vepAra tema baLataNa ane peTrola vageremAM 10,904 ane jamInanI vyavasthA saMbhALanAra 489 leka hatA. taLa-gujarAtanA 7.58 TakA, saurASTranA 10.74 TakA ane kacchanA 11.30 TakA leka vepAramAM hatA. 1961 nI vastI-gaNatarI pramANe gujarAtanI kula vastI 206 lAkha hatI te paikI 84,74,588 eTale 41.07 TakA ja sakriya kAma karanArA hatA, e paikI phakta 2 TakA leke vepAramAM rokAyelA hatA, 1951 mAM Azrita ane vepAranA gauNa dhaMdhAmAM paDelAne samAveza karavAthI 8.5 TakA jeTalI moTI saMkhyA vepAramAM rokAyelI gaNAI hatI, paNa kharekhara saMkhyA ochI hatI. gujarAtamAM 4,11,156 leka vepAramAM rokAyelA hatA. gujarAtamAM 1951 mAM ane 1961 mAM 25 TakA ane 25.8 TakA zaheromAM vastI hatI, je bhAratanAM anya rAjya karatAM vizeSa hatI. zaherIkaraNa paNa vepArInI vadhAre saMkhyA mATe kAraNabhUta che.23 saurASTra ane kacchamAM vepAramAM paDelAonI saMkhyA taLa-gujarAta karatAM vadhAre rahI che. 5. vepArI maMDaLa tathA nigama prAcIna kAlamAM vepArIo ane kArIgaronAM maMDaLa nigama tathA zreNI tarIke oLakhAtAM hatAM. madhyakALa daramyAna A zreNInuM sthAna mahAjana saMsthAe lIdhuM hatuM. mahAjana saMsthA vepAranA niyaMtraNa mATe paNa upayogI hatI. arvAcIna kAlamAM vepAra ane udyoganA praznonI rajUAta tathA vepArI hitenI rakSA mATe cembara oNpha kema kAma kare che. dhaMdhAdArI maMDaLa A caeNmbara aupha kemasa sAthe saMkaLAyelAM che.

Page #288
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 263 gujarAtamAM amadAvAda vaDodarA surata jAmanagara bhAvanagara porabaMdara mahuvA bharUca bhUja gAMdhIdhAma jUnAgaDha verAvaLa morabI godharA rAjakeTa dhorAjI pAlItANA vagere sthaLoe 22 jeTalI vepArI maMDaLanI saMsthAo AvelI che. A saMsthAe te tenA vistAramAM vepAra ane udyoganA vikAsamAM rasa le che, te tenAM hitenA rakSaNa mATe kaTibaddha rahe che ane sabhyo vacce sumeLa jaLavAya e mATe prayatnazIla rahe che. e vivAdanA prasaMge lavAda tarIke kAma kare che. vepAra ane udyogane lagatA dhArAone abhyAsa karI eno abhiprAya sarakAra samakSa rajU kare che. vepAra ane udyoga aMge sthAnika ane paradezanI paristhiti upara cAMpatI najara rAkhe che ane jarUra hoya tevA sudhArAo dAkhala karavA mArgadarzana Ape che. vepAra ane udyoga aMge mAhitI ekatra karI enuM prakAzana kare che. amadAvAdamAM vepArane lagatAM 83 maMDaLa che. gujarAtamAM rUne mukhya pAka che ane amadAvAda mila udyoganuM mahattvanuM keMdra che tethI amadAvAda koTana brokasa eziyezana (1895), amadAvAda keTana ekasacenja eso. (1943), gujarAta koTana brekarsa ese. (1940) tathA dhI vesTa InDiyA koTana esa. vagere vividha saMsthAo astitvamAM AvI hatI. chellI saMsthA (ve. i. ke. e) vepArI dalAla mile kheDUto jiniMga presiMga pheMkaTarIo kamizana ejanTa ADatiyA temaja brokarsa vagerenAM hitenI saMbhALa rAkhe che. gujarAta saurASTra ane kaccha, rUne lagatuM kAmakAja, hAjara temaja vAyadAnuM kAma vagere ahIM thAya che. 24 mila-udyoga joInTa ka kampanI dvArA cAlate hoI zerabajAra e udyoganI pArAzIzI che. I. sa. 1894 mAM amadAvAda zera eNnDa sToka brokarsa esozi. vezananI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. 1948 mAM enI sabhyasaMkhyA 425 hatI. A uparAMta 1943 mAM amadAvAda buliyana ekaceja esoziyezana, mahAjana, amadAvAda sIjha TreDarsa esa., dhI amadAvAda hesiyana ese, dhI gujarAta oIla enDa janarala TreDarsa eso. vagere mahattvanAM esoziyezana che. navA ane janA mAdhupurA mahAjana, mANekacoka kaMsArA mahAjana, mANekacoka zarApha mahAjana, kemisTa enDa DregisTa eseTa vagere ghaNAM vepArI maMDaLa amadAvAda cembara oNpha kemarsa sAthe joDAyelAM che. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna aMkuza pamiTa lAIsansa vagerene kAraNe udbhavatA praznonA nirAkaraNa mATe AvI keMdrIya saMsthAnI jarUra jaNAtAM 7-2-1949 nA reja gujarAta cembara opha komarsa enDa inDasTrIne janma thaye hate. enA

Page #289
264 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pramukha stUrabhAI lAlabhAI hatA. gujarAta vepArI mahAma`DaLa, sarakArI audyogika vasAhata, saradAra paTela insTiTayUTa opha ikonomika eNnDa sozyila risarca, audyogika mAhitI keMdra, kaTanivAraNa sosAyaTI, laghu udyoga pheDarezana vagere sthApavAmAM ene mahattvanA phALeA rahyo. rAjya sarakAra ane madhyastha sarakAranI 72 jeTalI salAhakAra samitiemAM ene sthAna apAyu che. nikAsa mATe guNavattA vagere aMgenAM e pramANapatro paNa Ape che. vepAra-udyogane lagatI carcAe tema parisa MvAdo vagere yA jAhera mata keLave che.25 amadAvAda mila-udyoganu keMdra che. A udyoganA vikAsa mATe 'akIrA' saMsthA 1947 mAM sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. AvI bIjI 'TAIrA' nAmatI sa`zAdhana saMsthA vaDodarAmAM che. suratamAM rezamI kApaDanA udyoga mahattvanA hoIne enI saMzodhana-saMsthA sthapAI che. A traNeya saMsthA kApaDa-udyoga tathA sarakAranI sahAyathI cAle che.26 amadAvAdamAM udyogane lagatAM 32 maDaLa che. mila-majUrAnu hita saMbhALatu. amadAvAda majUra mahAjana gAMdhIjInA Adarzone anusarIne 1920 thI kAma kare che. 1918, 1923, 1928 mAM mila-majUroe haDatALa pADI hatI. anasUyAbahena enA prathama pramukha hatAM. 65 milonA 1,22,000 kAmadAra enI sAthe joDAyA hatA. surata bharUca bIlImerA navasArI peTalAda kaDI klAla siddhapura naDiyAda vIramagAma vagere samagra gujarAtanA mila-majUrA A sa MsthA sAthe saMkaLAyelA che. khAdI-bhaMDArA pustakAlayA bAlama dirA vagere pravRttinu e sacAlana kare che.27 A sivAya InTuka samAjavAdI ane sAmyavAdI pakSA sAthe joDAyelAM majUra-maMDaLa paNa che, jenu kA*kSetra amadAvAda uparAMta gujarAtanAM anya audyogika zaherAmAM che. amadAvAdanI mAphaka vaDodarAmAM 'senTrala gujarAta ceMmbara : AphakAmasa 1960 thI astitvamAM AvI che. udyogo tathA vepArane lagatA prazna uparAMta e rela dukALa vagere sa MkaTanA prasa Mge sahAyabhUta thavA rAhata-phaMDa tathA lokakalyANaphrAMDanuM saMcAlana kare che. daheja baMdaranA vikAsa mATenA projekaTanu kAma eNe hAtha dhayu` hatu`. vaDodarAmAM udyogane lagatAM cAra ane vepArane lagatAM 22 maDaLa che. bhAvanagara jillAmAM saurASTra caeNmbara oNpha komasa 1943 mAM ane jAmanagaramAM navAnagara caeNmbara opha komasa" 1933 mAM, rAjakATa ceMmbara aupha komasa* rAjakoTamAM, jhAlAvADa caeNmbara opha komasasuredranagaramAM, soraTha caMmbara Apha komasa verAvaLamAM, jUnAgaDha caeNmbara opha komasa jUnAgaDhamAM tathA porabaMdara caeNmbara opha komasa vagere astitvamAM Avela che.28 kApaDa khAMDa davA tamAku, mAratI lAkaDuM, janerI

Page #290
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa sAmAna, kaTalarI hArDavera TAsa sAbu rasAyaNa vagere vecanAranAM tathA telanI mila cokhAnI mila vagere dhadhAdITha alaga maMDaLo che, je jillAnA cembara opha komarsa sAthe saMkaLAyelAM che. vepAranA niyaMtraNa mATe moTA zaheramAM regyuleTa mAkeTa-niyaMtrita bajAra che. vepArIo dvArA kheDUtonuM zoSaNa na thAya ane kheDUtone enA pAkane vAjabI bhAva maLe e mATe AvA bajAra amadAvAda mANasA UMjhA siddhapura mahesANA pAlanapura DIsA bhUja mAMDavI bAvaLA sANaMda vIramagAma ANaMda naDiyAda umareTha godharA dAhoda jAmanagara rAjakeTa sureMdranagara amarelI boTAda mahuvA sAvarakuMDalA vagere 38 sthaLoe AvelAM che. anAja rU telIbiyAM zAkabhAjI vagere ahIM vecAvA Ave che. ahIM mAla saMdharavA mATe vaira hAusiMga korporezana tathA khAnagI vyaktionAM godAma paNa che. 20 nAnA udyoganA vikAsa mATe audyogika vasAhata sthApavAmAM AvI che. AvI vasAhatamAM nAnA udyogone jamIna vIjaLI pANIne puravaTha, nakAmAM pANInA nikAlanI vyavasthA, vyavahAranAM sAdhanonI sagavaDa vagere anukULatAo ApavAmAM Ave che. vaLI emane jarUrI evI keTalIka prakriyAo mATe sarakArI gaThavaNa paNa che. 1948 mAM yugoslAviyAnA sahakArathI rAjakoTamAM eka audyogika vasAhata sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. bIjI cejanA(1956-61) mAM cha vasAhata sthApavA nakakI karAyuM hatuM. rAjakoTa vaDodarA udhanA gAMdhIdhAma amadAvAda ane bhAvanagaramAM A vasAhate zarU karAI che. AvI kula 156 vasAhata che. akalezvaramAM davA tathA rasAyaNa-udyoga vikasyo che. vApImAM rasAyaNa ane anya udyogane vikAsa thayo che. umaragAmamAM paNa AvI vasAhata che. rAjakoTamAM oIla enjinaudyoga ane bhAvanagaramAM plAsTika udyoga vikasyo che. AvI 156 jeTalI audyogika vasAhata AkhA gujarAtamAM patharAI gaI che. 30 khanija-udyoganA vikAsa mATe minarala DevalapamenTa korporezana sthapAyuM che. karacha ane bharUca jillAmAM AvelI lignAITanI khANe tathA vaDodarA jillAmAM AvelI AMbA DuMgaranI phalorAITa khANa enA hastaka che. AdivAsI vistAranA vikAsa mATe TrAIbala DevalapamenTa korporezana racAyuM che, emanA zaikSaNika tathA Arthika vikAsa mATe aneka suvidhAo UbhI karAI che.

Page #291
266 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI udyoganA vikAsa mATe bhArata sarakAre 1948 mAM InDasTriyala phAInAnsa korporezananI racanA karI hatI. e madhyama ane lAMbA gALA mATe vahANavaTuM khANa udyoga vIjaLI-utpAdana vagere vadhu mUDInuM rokANa mAge tevA udyogone dhirANa Ape che. khAnagI kSetranuM InDasTriyala kreDiTa eNnDa InvesTamenTa korporezana oNpha InDiyA 1955 mAM sthapAyela che. e khAnagI kSetranA udyogone kampanInI akyAmata ke baeNnka ane vImA kampanInI bAMyadharIne AdhAre dhirANa Ape che. naizanala InDasTriyala DevalapamenTa korporezana 1954 mAM bhArata sarakAra dvArA khAnagI kSetra tarIke zarU karAyuM che. merI mUDInuM rokANa karavuM paDe athavA mUDI rokvAmAM mUDIpatione bhaya jaNAte hoya tevAM audyogika sAhasa bhArata sarakAra pote zarU kare che. navA udyoga mATenA paradeze sAthe Tekanikala sahayoga mATenA prejekaTa paNa e hAtha dhare che. saurASTramAM 1956 thI sahakArI tathA nAgarika benko, audyogika maMDaLIo ane laghu udyogakArone TUMka samayama ane lAMbA gALAnI lena yaMtro kharIdavA, varkazopa bAMdhavA tathA vakiga kaMpiTala mATe "saurASTra smola inDasTrIjha ke-pareTiva baeNnka limiTeDa' saMsthA Ape che.32 muMbaI rAjya e sTeTa phAinAnziyala korporezana bhArata sarakAranA dharaNe 1lpara mAM zarU karyuM hatuM. e ochA darathI dhirANa Ape che. Ama cembara opha komarsa tathA vividha dhaMdhAdArI maMDaLe ane nigama vepAra tathA udyoganAM protsAhana ane vikAsanI mahattvanI kAmagIrImAM ghaNe phALe Ape che. 6. baMdaro 33 vIramagAmanI jakAtabArI gAMdhIjInA prayatnathI 1917 mAM dUra thatAM saurASTranAM baMdarane vikAsa thaye ane dezI rAjyoe briTiza hiMdanAM baMdara jeTalI ja samAna jakAta levAnuM svIkAryuM, AthI karAMcI ane muMbaI sAthenI A baMdaranI harIphAI TALavAmAM AvI hatI. Ama chatAM 1923 mAM muMbaInA gavarnara loiDa je" saurASTranI AyAta upara pratibaMdha mUktAM jAmanagara ane bhAvanagare ene virodha karyo hato ane pratibaMdha rada karAyA hatA, chatAM jakAtamAM vaLatara ApavAnI nIti emaNe apanAvatAM 1917 mAM viramagAma ane dhaMdhukAnI jakAtabArI zarU thaI. bhAvanagara rAjye jUnA karAra tarapha dhyAna dorIne ene briTiza baMdara je haka rajU karI jakAtanI dakhalamAMthI mukti meLavI hatI. jAmanagara rAjyane pAMca lAkhanI jakAtanI Avaka thAya eTalA pUrata mAla nikAsa karavA chUTa ApavAmAM AvI hatI.

Page #292
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 217 vaDedarA rAjya okhA baMdarane vikasAvavAnI 1926mAM zarUAta karI ane breka-voTara, 400 phUTane dhakko, godAma vagere pAchaLa rU. 45,80,934 khacI ene Adhunika banAvyuM. jAmanagara rAye rU. 166 lAkha khacIne beDI baMdarane adyatana sagavaDavALuM banAvyuM. verAvaLa nI sudhAraNuM mATe 1,200 phUTane dariyAmAM puste bAMdhIne e sagavaDa vadhArI jUnAgaDha rAjya 1935 sudhImAM rU. 29,15,399 kharyA hatA. bhAvanagara rAjya 1933 mAM rU. 27 lAkha khacI baMdaranI sagavaDa vadhArI, tyArabAda suvA gAma pAse navuM baMdara rU. 40 lAkhanA kharce bAMdhyuM. merabI rAjya navalakhInA baMdarane vikAsa sAthe amadAvAda ane uttara hiMda mATe saurASTranuM A baMdara sauthI najIka hovAthI e AyAtI baMdara tarIke vikasyuM. khaMbhAtanA navAbe 1932 mAM kha bhAtane vikasAvavA prayatna karyo hate. aMbikA uparanA bIlImorAne vaDodarA rAjya vikasAvavA prayatna karyo hate. kaccha rAjya kasTama yuniyanamAM na joDAvAne kAraNe tathA relave dvArA hiMdanA anya bhAgo sAthe joDAvAne kAraNe mAMDavI tRga jakhau muMdrA vagerene vepAra ghaTI gayuM hatuM. 1931 mAM mahArAva kheMgArajIe kaMDalAnI khADI upara 300 vAranI Ara. sI. sI. jeTI bAMdhIne enA vikAsa mATe prayata karyo hate. 1930-40 daramyAna avAranavAra sTImare ahIM AvatI hatI. mAMDavI AphrikA sAthenA pesenjara-vyavahAranuM mathaka hatuM. saurASTramAM porabaMdara AvuM mathaka hatu. 1930-36 daramyAna saurASTranA baMdarI vepArane abhUtapUrva vikAsa thayo hate. bhAvanagaranuM baMdara badhI Rtuo mATe upayogI che ane kinAre sTImara sIdhI lAMgarI zake che. 1931-1935 daramyAna ene vepAra carama sImAe pahoMcyA hatA. bhAvanagara lAkaDuM, lokhaMDa, paracUraNa hADavera ane khAMDanA vepAranuM vitaraNa-kedra banyuM hatuM, jyAre rU bhUtaDa anAja telIbiyAM DuMgaLI paththara vagerenI nikAsa thatI hatI. samagra bhAvanagara rAjyanAM badhAM baMdarone kula rU. 6686,756ne dariyAI vepAra hatuM, je paikI paradeze sAthe vepAra rU. 3,3806,199ne hatuM. 1935-39 daramyAna ene vepAra ghaTIne lagabhaga savA cAra lAkhane thayo hato. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna A vepAra khUba ghaTI cAra lAkhathI paNa ocho hate. verAvaLane I. sa. 1902 thI 1978 sudhInuM sarerAza vArSika vepAra be karoDa uparAMtane hatuM. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna 1942-43 mAM enI AyAta rU. para hajAranI ane nikAsa rU. 1,94,43,000 nI hatI. macchI DuMgaLI ghI anAja ane rUnI mukhyatve vikAsa hatI.

Page #293
2?? AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jAmanagara beDI baMdare sTImara eka mAIla dUra UbhI rahe che. 1933-34 mAM jAmanagaranAM badhAM baMdarone maLIne kula dariyAI vepAra rU. 2,11,35,718 ne hatA, je paikI 5deze sAthe rU. 1,04,29,176 ne vepAra hato. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna dANacorI ke bIjA kAraNasara bIjAM baMdaronI sarakhAmaNImAM eno vepAra TakI rahyo hate. A baMdarathI 'DiyA Una' tarIke oLakhAtA UnanI nikAsa thAya che. AyAtamAM lAkaDuM mazinarI khAMTha tathA paradezI kApaDa vagere mukhya hatAM. meraba rAjayanuM navalakhI 1931-34 nA gALAmAM mukhyatve AyAtI baMdara tarIke jANItuM hatuM. enI sarerAza AyAta rU 20 lAkhanI hatI. 1938-39 mAM rU. 5,94,712 ne mAla nikAsa thaye hate. porabaMdaranI 1931-33 thI 1933-34 daramyAna AyAta-nikAsa gaNanApAtra hatI. cUnAnA paththara tathA simenTa ane ghI nikAsa thatAM hatAM. A baMdara khajUranI AyAta mATe jANItuM hatuM. eka vakhata mAtra khAMDanI AyAta-jakAtanA rAjyane rU. sAta lAkha maLyA hatA. AkhAnuM baMdara zreSTha kudaratI baMdara che. tAtA kemikala va sa tathA dvArakAnI simenTa phekaTarI ane barmA zelanI telanI AyAtane lIdhe tathA vaDodarA rAjyanA pretsAhanane kAraNe ene jhaDapathI vikAsa thayA hatA. 1942-43 mAM A vepAra vadhyo hate. rASTranAM taLAjA mahuvA jApharAbAda mAMgaroLa salAyA joDiyA vagere baMdarone mukhyatve kAMThA sAthe vepAra hato. | valasADanI AyAta-nikAsamAM 1939-45 daramyAna bIjA vizvayuddhane kAraNe khUba ghaTADo thayo hate. khaMbhAtanA baMdarathI ImAratI lAkaDuM ane nALiyera kAthI naLiyAM vagere AyAta thayAM hatAM, jyAre nikAsamAM rU kapAsiyA ane anAja mukhyatve hatAM. kacchamAM kaMDalA baMdarethI 1940-41 daramyAna 36,699 Tana mIThAnI nikAsa thaI hatI. mAMDavIne vepAra mukhyatve IrAnI akhAtanA deza sAthe hatA. malabAra ane koMkaNa sAthe paNa zeDe vepAra hatuM. bIjA baMdarane sthAnika vepAra thoDoghaNo hate. AjhAdI pUrve relavenA vikAsa sAthe saurASTranAM baMdarone abhUtapUrva vikAsa thayo hato ane rAjyanI AvakamAM jakAtanI Avakano mahattvano phALo rahete hate.

Page #294
a parthika sthiti ane vikAsa 269 AjhAdI bAda vIramagAma ane dhaMdhukAnI jakAtabArI naSTa thatAM sorASTranAM baMdone vepAra khUba vadhI gayo. bIjA vizvayuddha pahelAM gujarAtamAM baMdaroethI AThathI nava lAkha Tana mAlanI nikAsa thatI hatI. pahelI yojanAnA aMte 155-56 mAM 3,70,312 Tana mAlanI AyAta ane 8,03,350 Tana mAlanI nikAsa thaI hatI. pahelI yejanA daramyAna baMdaronA vikAsa pAchaLa rU. 170 lAkhane kharca thayo hato. A daramyAna navalakhImAM vepArI naukAdaLanI tAlImI saMsthA sthapAI hatI. bIjI yojanA daramyAna 1960-61 mAM 7,62,76 Tana mAla AyAta thaze hato, jyAre 16,20,734 Tana mAla nikAsa thayo hato. baMdaronI sudhAraNA mATe rU. 225 lAkhanI jogavAI karAI hatI. bhAvanagaranA baMdare pANInI UMDAI jaLavAI rahe e mATe leka-geTanI racanA thaI hatI. okhAmAM DrAI-Daka barthane umere karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. beDImAM DrejiMga karIne pANInI UMDAI vadhArAI hatI. verAvaLane matsya-baMdara tarIke vikasAvavAnI zarUAta thaI hatI. sikkA baMdare ropa-ve tathA jeTInI, sagavaDa umerAI hatI. magadallA valasADa bIlImorA vagere nAnAM baMdaremAM jeTI bAMdhIne vahANa mATe sagavaDa prApta thaI hatI. sauthI mahattvanuM kArya karAMcInI khoTa pUre tevA baMdaranI zodha che. 1948 mAM kastUrabhAI lAlabhAInA pramukhapaNa nIce nImavAmAM AvelA samitie bhAvanagara verAvaLa okhA vagere baMdaronI pratyakSa mulAkAta laIne kaMDalA baMdaranI mejara paTa" tarIke pasaMdagI karI. kalA baMdaramAM kAyama rakUTa pANI rahe che. e jamIna-rasta ane relave dvArA pAlanapura ane amadAvAda sAthe joDAyeluM che. 30 phUTa DrAphaTanI sTImare game tyAre enA bArAmAM dAkhala thaI zake che. kula cha jeTI che. mukta vepAra-vistAra 283 hekaTaramAM patharAyelA che. 1951 mAM A baMdaranI AyAta 66,689 Tana ane nikAsa 64,748 TananI hatI. 1959-60 mAM enI AyAta-nikAsa 11,23,516 Tana hatI. ahIM ii mIThuM bokasAITa lokhaMDa vagere paradeza jAya che, jyAre khAtara anAja peTroliyamapedAza gaMdhaka vagerenI AyAta thAya che. AyAtI mAlanuM pramANa 85 TakA che, jyAre nikAsanuM pramANa 15 TakA che. have mITarageja ane breDa geja dvArA pAlanapura bhIlaDI rANI ane uparAMta broDa gejathI paNa amadAvAda sAthe e jeDAyuM che. mukta vepAra jhona thayA bAda udyoganI sthApanAnA kAraNe enI nikAsa vadhatI rahI che. sAthosAtha vastI ne vepAra baMne vadhyAM che.

Page #295
270 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI AjhAdI bAda saurASTranAM baMdaro paikI bhAvanagara beDI verAvaLa okhA piorabaMdara sikkA navalakhI ane mahuvA baMdaranI AyAta-nikAsa ThIka ThIka vadhI hatI. taLa-gujarAtanAM baMdare paikI bharUca surata magadallA bIlImorA valasADa khaMbhAta kavI TaMkArI daheja bhagavA vANasI-berasI eMjala umarasADI marolI kalaka umaragAma pelerA ane ghoghAno vepAra vadhe hate. khaMbhAta ane chelerAnAM baMdara nAmazeSa banyAM che, jyAre bhUtaDAnI nikAsane kAraNe ghoghAne vepAra vadhe che. kacchamAM mAMDavI tathA muMdrA-jakhIne vepAra paNa vadhyo hato. gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA thaI tyAre bhAratanAM 6 meTAM baMdare (maeNjara piTa), 18 madhyama kakSAnAM baMdare ane 16 nAnAM baMdaro paikI gujarAtamAM kaMDalAnuM meTuM baMdara, 8 madhyama kakSAnAM baMdara ane 42 nAnAM baMdara hatAM. gujarAta bhAratanA kula sAgarakAMThe paikI 33 TakA kinAre dharAve che, jayAre e 350 lAkha TananA kula dariyAI vepArane 10 TakA jeTale ja hisso dharAve che. bhAvanagara verAvaLa enA sikkA beDI navalakhI mAMDavI ane bharUca madhyama kakSAnAM baMdara che. bharUca ane mAMDavIne vahIvaTI kAraNosara madhyama kakSAnAM baMdara tarIke sthAna apAyuM che. kaMDalA vikAsanA paMthe che. gujarAtanAM baMdara 1.75 TakA, kacchanAM baMdara 5.16 TakA ane saurASTranAM baMdara 93.08 TakA mAlanuM parivahana kare che. | gujarAtamAM anAja kelase phUDa oila kAthI, bAMdhakAmane sAmAna, gaMdhaka imAratI lAkaDuM khAtara, zaNanI gUNo, khajUra nALiyera roka-phopheTa ane lokhaMDanA sAmAnanI AyAta thAya che, jyAre simenTa sIMgadANuM baikasAITa rasAyaNe mIThuM benTonAITa rU macchI paththara tathA lekhakane bhaMgAra vagerenI nikAsa thAya che. 1960-61 mAM 7,63,023 Tana mAlanI AyAta ane 1,20,736 Tana mAlanI nikAsa thaI hatI. A baMdara 30 karoDanuM TUMDiyAmaNa kamAvI ApatAM hatAM. 7 vAhanavyavahAra briTiza zAsana daramyAna lazkarI daSTie upayogI tathA dukALa ane achatanA prasaMge rAhata-kArya tarIke rastAonuM bAMdhakAma moTA bhAge hAtha dharAyuM hatu. A kAma prAMta ke lela beDa hastaka hatuM, nANunA abhAvanuM kAraNa darzAvI rastAonuM bAMdhakAma hAtha dharAyuM na hatuM. taLa-gujarAtamAM kapacI-meTalanA abhAve ene dUrathI lAvavuM paDatuM hoI rastA bAMdhavAnuM kAma vadhAre kharcALa hatuM. A kAraNe paNa upekSA sevAI hatI. dezI rAjya rAjadhAnInA zahera sivAya anyatra ochuM lakSa

Page #296
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 271 ApatAM hatAM. relavenA Agamana bAda mukhya sTezane tathA baMdarane joDatA rastA astitvamAM AvyA hatA.34. prathama vizvayuddha bAda lazkarI vAhana chUTAM thatAM nAgarika vaparAza mATe khAnagI base detI hatI. 1929 mAM jayakara samitie 1927mAM sUcavyA mujaba "reDa-phaMDa UbhuM karI rastAnuM bAMdhakAma hAtha dharAyuM hatuM. 1934 mAM roDa-koMgresa sthapAI hatI. 1939-45 daramyAna rastA khUba biramAra hAlatamAM hatA.35 boe Ikonomika enDa InDasTriyala sarve kamiTInI tapAsa mujaba muMbaI rAjyanA jillAomAM 40-75 TakA vistAramAM rastAne abhAva hato. surata jillAmAM comAsA daramyAna 83.3 TakA gAmaDAMne bahAranA jagata sAthe saMparka kapAI jato hate. bharUcanA kAnama vistAranI paNa AvI sthiti hatI.36 dezI rAjAoe baMdare tathA relavenA vikAsa tarapha lakSa ApyuM hatuM, paNa rastAne kAraNe relavenI Avaka ghaTe e bhaye rastAonA bAMdhakAma tarapha durlakSa sevAyuM hatuM. rAjyo vacce paraspara harIphAI tathA IrSAnA kAraNe eka rAyane bIjA rAjya sAthe joDatA rastAone abhAva hato. sane 19rara mAM pAMca briTiza jillAonA 10,000 co. ma.nA vistAramAM 697 mAIlanA pAkA ane 797 mAilanA kAcA rastA hatA. 1939-40mAM 1089 mAIlanA meTalavALA ane 956 mAilanA kAcA rastA hatA. 1000 co. mA.nA vistAramAM 697 mAIlanA pAkA ane 797 mAilanA kAcA rastA hatA. 100 ce. mA. dITha rastAnuM pramANa 19.7 mAIla hatuM. 80.3 TakA rastAonI khAdhA hatI. amadAvAdane rAjasthAna sAthe, suratane dhULiyA sAthe ane amadAvAda kheDAne godharA mAraphata ira sAthe joDatA traNeka mukhya mArga hatA. A rastAo sAthe najIkanA zaherone phAMTA dvArA joDI devAyAM hatAM. vaDodarA jevA pragatizIla rAjyamAM mahesANA jillAmAM AjhAdI pUrve mAtra 3 mAIlane UMjhA-unAvAne raste hate. paMcamahAlamAM 1925 mAM luNAvADA-godharA hAlelakAlela dAhoda-saMtareDa ema traNeka pAkA rastA hatA. kheDA jillAmAM 1947 mAM 197 mAIlanA rastA hatA. vaDodarA jillAmAM 345 ane banAsakAMThAmAM 25 mAIlanA rastA hatA. 1948 mAM rAjakoTa jillAmAM 63 mAlanA, jAmanagaramAM 453 mAIlanA ane kacchamAM 267 mAIlanA rastA hatA. saurASTramAM 1948 mAM kula 44ra mAlanA dherI mAga, 1,380 mAIlanA jillA-mAga ane 1213 mAIlanA kAcA rastA hatA. taLa-gujarAtamAM badhA maLIne 10,000 mAIlanA rastA hatA. kacchamAM 1948 mAM 4ra7 mAIlanA rastA hatA.37

Page #297
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI AjhAdI bAda gujarAtamAM 4,310 mAlanA pAkA ane 3715 mAilanA kAcA rastA hatA 1956 mAM pahelI yojanAne aMte 5,060 mAIlanA pAkA ane 5,938 mAmlanA kAcA rastA hatA. pahelI yojanA (1951-56) daramyAna kacchamAM rU. 58 lAkhanA kharce` 670 mAilanA rastA baMdhAyA hatA. 1960-61 mAM e vadhIne 1,144 mAlanA rastA kacchamAM hatA. amadAvAda kaMDalA dilhI ane muMbaI sAthe rASTriya dhArI mArga dvArA joDAyu che. 38 272 saurASTramAM bhAvanagara verAvaLa porabaMdara ekhA jAmanagara rAjakoTa sureMdranagara dhAMgadhrA mArakhI vagere mukhya zahero sTeTa hAIve tathA nezanala hAIve dvArA joDAyAM che. 1951-61 daramyAna rastAnA vikAsa nIce mujaba thayA hatI :39 rastAnA prakAra 1 rASTriya dhArI mAga 2 rAjya-dhArI mAga 3 jillA mukhya mArga tara jillA mAga grAmamAga kula 4 5 1951 1956 1961 365 569 113 1534 3176 2248 177. 3983 3546 2895 704 1791 4529 4099 3000 2742 12527 15123 relave 1914 thI 1960 nA gALAmAM baMdA ane jaMgalanA vistArAne sAMkaLI letI 400 mAIlanI tathA kaDalAne DIsA sAthe joDatI relave lAina astitvamAM AvI hatI. kula 620.34 mAilanI breDa geja, 2030.81 mAilanI mITara geja ane 722.5 mAlanI nairo geja relave lAina gurAnamAM che. taLa gujarAtamAM agAunA pAMca briTiza jillAomAM ane mahesANlRA jillAmAM 90 TakA relavene samAveza thAya che. lagabhaga 50 TakA vistAra(kaccha banAsakAMThA sAbarakAMThA DAMga vagere) mAM relavenI sagavaDa ochI che. kaMDalA jhuMDa ane hi Mmatanagara-udepura lAnaMnanI sarve 1960 sudhImAM pUrI thaI che ane tyAra bAda e nakhAI paNa gaI che. pazcima-baMgALa paMjAba ane uttara pradezane bAda karatAM gujarAta bhAratanA bIjA badhA bhAgo karatAM sarerAza stAM khevaDI lAina dharAve che.40

Page #298
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 273 dariyAI mAga 1930-36 daramyAna saurASTranAM baMdarone abhUtapUrva vikAsa thayo hato. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna ene vepAra khoravAI gayuM hatuM. karAMcInI khoTa pUrI karavA AjhAdI bAda kaMDalA vikasAvAyuM che. 1951-52 mAM enI AyAtanikAsa 1,31,437 TananI hatI. 1960 mAM e vadhIne 11,23,576 Tana thaI hatI. anAja khAtara phUDa-Ila vagere Ave che ane mIThuM nikAsa thAya che. A baMdara mukhyatve AyAtI baMdara che. pahelI yojanAnI zarUAtamAM (1951 mAM) gujarAtanAM baMdaroe 6,45,133 ane 6,29137 Tana mAlanI anukrame AyAta ane nikAsa hatI te vadhIne 1960-61 daramyAna anukrame 7,62,976 ane 12,74,748 TananI thaI hatI. beDI navalakhI sikkA okhA porabaMdara verAvaLa ane bhAvanagaramAM lokageTanI racanAthI sTImare baMdare game tyAre sIdhI dhakkA upara Ave che. 18 madhyama kakSAnAM baMdaro paikI 11 madhyama kakSAnAM baMdara, 126 laghu baMdare paikI 42 laghu baMdaro ane 6 meTAM baMdare paikI eka moTuM baMdara gujarAtamAM Avela che. kheLa sIMgadANuM rasAyaNa simenTa mIThuM paththara benTonAITa DuMgaLI lasaNa vagerenI nikAsa thAya che, jyAre khAMDa anAja phUDaAIla khAtara kolasA vagerenI AyAta thAya che. 41 havAI mArga AjhAdI pUrve 1938 thI bhAvanagara muMbaI sAthe havAI mArge joDAyeluM hatuM. TapAla ane pesenjaranI heraphera thatI hatI tAtA ane aMbika era-sarvisa dvArA amadAvAda ane vaDodarA muMbaI ane dilhI sAthe joDAyelAM hatAM. AjhAdI bAda bhAvanagara amadAvAda kezoda ribaMdara jAmanagara rAjakoTa bhUja kaMDalA vagere muMbaI sAthe joDAyelAM che. amadAvAda ane dilhI vacce sIdhe vimAnI vyavahAra che. gujarAtamAM 14 vimAnaghara ane vimAnI paTTI AvelAM che. dhrAMgadhrA amarelI DIsA mIThApura vageremAM vimAnI paTTIo che, jene prasaMgopAtta upayoga thAya che. 42 AkAzavANI 1947 thI vaDodarAnuM reDiyo sTezana astitvamAM AvyuM che. tyArabAda 16-4-1949 thI amadAvAdanuM reDiyo sTezana zarU thayuM che. 4-1-1955 thI rAjakoTanuM reDiyo sTezana zarU thayela che. tyArabAda bhUjane sarahadI vistAra ane enI viziSTatA gaNIne alaga sTezana apAyuM che.43 . 18

Page #299
ra74 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sTeTa TrAnsa agAu basavyavahAra khAnagI baso dvArA relavenI sAthe harIphAI na thAya te rIte astitvamAM hatuM. AjhAdI bAda rastAonA vikAsa sAthe basavyavahAra vadhyo hato. gujarAta rAjayanI sthApanA pUrva muMbaI rAjya, saurASTra rAjya ane kacchanA alaga roDa-TrAnsapeTa ke perezana hatAM. 1-5-1960 thI gujarAta rAjya TrAnsapeTa korporezana astitvamAM Avela che. enI 1960-61 daramyAna 1,700 basa ra7,500 mAIlanA 1,400 mArgo upara doDatI hatI ane sarerAza 4,86,000 vaTemArguonuM vahana karatI hatI. 10 hajAra karmacArI e dvArA rojI meLave che. A uparAMta 12,6para moTare, 4,816-meTara sAyakle, 687 TekaTara, 96,5 TarikA 8,798, khAnagI Traka, 1,036 TaeNkTaraTreIlare ane 2,96 basa 1960mAM Ara. TI. o. kacerImAM nedhAyelI hatI.44 Teliphona ane tAranI sagavaDa moTAM zahera tathA gAmane maLI che, jayAre pisTa-oNphiso nAnAM gAmomAM paNa AvelI che. 151 mAM 163 lAkhanI vastI pIkI 3,14,919 laka vAhanavyavahAra dvArA rojI meLavatA hatA. A TakAvArI 1.9 che. A pramANa taLa-gujarAtamAM 1.7 TakA, saurASTramAM 2.59 ane kacchamAM 2.48 TakA hatuM. 1961mAM kula vastI 198 lAkha hatI te pIkI kharekhara kAma karanAra 84,74,588 leka hatA. e pakI 0.8 TakA leke rojI mATe vAhanavyahAra upara AdhAra rAkhatA hatA. emanI kula saMkhyA 1,59,061 hatI." gujarAtanI kula rASTriya Avaka maukI vepAra ane vAhanavyavahArane 15455, 1956-57 ane 1959-60 mAM anukrame 18.29, 17 ane 17.2 TakA hisso hate. Ama vepAra ane vAhanavyavahAranuM AvakanI daSTie mahattvanuM sthAna che.* 8benka, nAnI bacata ane vIme baeNnka | gujarAtanA loko sAhasika tathA vepAramAM AgaLa paDatA hovAthI paradezI sarakAra ane hitane avarodha chatAM senTrala benka, baeNnka oNpha baDodA, denA baeNnka, baeNnka opha InDiyA vagere sthApavAmAM tathA ene vikAsa sAdhavAmAM lallubhAI zAmaLadAsa, viThThaladAsa ThAkarazI, aMbAlAla sAkaralAla, puruSottama ThAkoradAsa,

Page #300
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 275 nArAyaNadAsa pattamadAsa, cimanalAla nagInadAsa, tulasIdAsa kliAcaMda, prANalAla devakaraNa nAnajI, morAbajI picakhAnavAlA vageree mahatvano phALo Apyo che. perabaMdaranA rANA naTavarasiMhajIe 1925 mAM ribaMdara sTeTa benka vepAra udyoga tathA baMdaranA vikAsa mATe sthApI hatI. 1948 sudhI ene aMkuza rAjAne hate. 1950 mAM ene sTeTa benka oNpha saurASTra sAthe joDI devAmAM AvI hatI.47 jUnAgaDha rAjya rU. pAMca lAkhanI mUDIthI 1933-34 mAM jUnAgaDha sTeTa benka zarU karI hatI. vadhAre javAbadArI saMbhALavAnI azaktine kAraNe benka opha InDiyAe ene vahIvaTa saMbhALI lIdhuM hatuM. rAjakoTa jillAmAM rAjakoTa ane vAMkAnera rAjya rAjakoTa sTeTa ane vAMkAnera sTeTa baeNnkanI sthApanA karI hatI. vAMkAnera baeNnka 1945 mAM sthapAI hatI 48 pAlItANA rAjya paNa sTeTa baeNnka zarU karI hatI. lIMbaDI rAjane baeNnka sthApI hatI. saurASTranA muMbaI sAthe joDANa bAda lIMbaDInI baeNnkane sahakArI benkamAM pheravI nAkhavAmAM AvI hatI.40 vaDiyA rAye 1936 mAM vaDiyA baeNnkanI sthApanA karI hatI. A baeNnkane 1950 mAM saurASTra benkanI zAkhAmAM pheravI nAkhavAmAM AvI hatI.50 devagaDha bAriyA rAye 1921 mAM "zrI devagaDha bAriyA sTeTa baeNnkiMga DipArTamenTa zarU karyuM hatuM.51 benka opha baDIdA(1908 mAM enI sthApanA)e 1911 thI 1947 daramyAna mahesANu pATaNa siddhapura kalela kaDI hArIja visanagara UMjhA vijApura DAI karajaNa peTalAda amarelI dvArakA navasArI vyArA bIlImerA bhAvanagara mIThApura ane kapaDavaMjamAM zAkhAo kholI hatI. bhAvanagara darabAra baeNnka AjhAdI pUrve bhAvanagara rAjyanI TrejharInuM kAma saMbhALatI hatI. 1917 thI 1936 daramyAna saurASTranAM mukhya dezI rAjyanAM baMdaronA vikAsa sAthe vepAra-udyogane vikAsa thaye emAM A baeNnkone phALo vizepa hate. gujarAtanA pAMca briTiza jillAomAM tathA vesTa inDiyA sTeTsa ejansInA mathaka rAjakeTamAM presiDensI baeNnka oNpha baoNmbenI zAkhAo bharUca surata rAjakoTa amadAvAda naDiyAda ane godharAmAM hatI. 1921 mAM upayukta baeNnkanI madrAsa muMbaI ane kalakattAnAM mukhya mathaka nIce AvelI badhI zAkhAonuM ekIkaraNa thatAM ene ImpIriyala baeNnkanuM navuM nAma maLyuM.para AjhAdI bAda A baeNnka sTeTa benka opha inDiyA tarIke 1-7-1955 thI oLakhAya che. yuko benka 1943 mAM sthapAI hatI.

Page #301
276 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI denA benkanI zarUAta 1938 mAM prANalAla zeThanA aMgata sAhasa tarIke thaI hatI. enuM mukhya mathaka muMbaI che. baeNnka oNpha inDiyAe amadAvAdamAM 1920 mAM, suratamAM 1931 mAM, bhUjamAM 1943 mAM ane jUnAgaDha verAvaLa ane pAlanapuramAM 1944mAM enI zAkhAo khelI hatI. senTrala benka opha inDiyAe 1923 mAM ane 1939 mAM amadAvAdamAM be zAkhA kholI hatI. jAmanagara rAjyamAM, vaDodarAmAM, suratamAM ane sureMdranagaramAM senTrala benka vadhu zAkhAo khelI hatI. paMjAba nezanala baeNnka 1943-47 daramyAna amadAvAda surata rAjakeTa suredranagara ane vaDhavANamAM enI zAkhAo zarU karI hatI. yunAITeDa komarziyala baeNnka 1943 ane 1944 mAM amadAvAda vaDodarA ane suratamAM zAkhAo zarU karI hatI. amadAvAdamAM rAjasthAnI lekanI vastI vadhAre hovAthI sTeTa benka aupha bikAnera eNnDa jayapuranI be zAkhA amadAvAdamAM 1945 ane 1946 mAM zarU thaI hatI. hiMdustAna komarziyala benkanI be zAkhA 1944 ane 1945 mAM amadAvAdamAM zarU thaI hatI pa3 AjhAdI pUrve amadAvAda surata mahesANA vaDodarA jAmanagara kheDA bhAvanagara sureMdranagara rAjakeTa paMcamahAla jUnAgaDha amarelI bharUca kaccha ane banAsakAMThAmAM kula 95 vepArI benka hatI. A uparAMta 35 sahakArI benka hatI. AjhAdI bAda 1950 mAM saurASTra rAjya bhAvanagara pAlItANA rAjakoTa porabaMdara ane vaDiyAnI baeNnkonuM joDANa karIne sTeTa benka oNpha saurASTranI racanA karI hatI. kenerA benka 1955 ane 1959 mAM amadAvAda ane bhAvanagaramAM be zAkhA khelI hatI. allAhAbAda benka ane ovarasIjha benke pitAnI zAkhA 1957 ane 158 mAM amadAvAdamAM khelI hatI, 1959 mAM sTeTa baeNnka oNpha saurASTra sTeTa benka opha InDiyAnI gauNa zAkhA banI. sahakArI benkanI saMkhyA 71 thaI hatI. A benko meTe bhAge nAgarika ane jillA madhyavatI benke hatI.14 1948 thI 1960 daramyAna 15 vadhu zAkhAo umerAtAM benkanI kula zAkhAonI saMkhyA 290 thaI hatI. 1960 mAM amadAvAdamAM 43, vaDodarAmAM 14, suratamAM 7, bharUcamAM 3, naDiyAdamAM 5, ANaMdamAM 3, peTalAdamAM 3, khaMbhAtamAM 4, UMjhAmAM 3, siddhapuramAM 3, pATaNamAM 3, pAlanapuramAM 3, amarelImAM 4, jUnAgaDhamAM 7, porabaMdaramAM 8, verAvaLamAM 6, mANAvadaramAM 3, rAjakoTamAM 8, jAmanagaramAM 10, bhAvanagaramAM 8, sureMdranagaramAM 5, dhrAMgadhrAmAM 3, lIbaDImAM 3, bhUjamAM 3, gAMdhIdhAma-kaMDalAmAM 5 vepArI benkanI zAkhA AvelI hatI. bIjA zaheramAM

Page #302
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 277 eka ke be zAkhA AvelI hatI. sahakArI benko paNa dareka jillAmAM kAma kare che ane jillA madhyastha sahakArI beMkanI zAkhAo paNa dareka tAlukA mathake che. A uparAMta nAgarika sahakArI benko 71 jeTalI che. benka loko pAsethI DipojhiTa svIkArI udyoga ane vepAramAM paDelA leke, kArakhAnAM, peDhIo vagerene dhIre che. leke jeTalA paisA benkamAM jamA karAve che tenA karatAM emane karavAmAM AvatuM dhirANa ochuM che. dhirANane moTo hissa udyoga ane vepAranA kSetrane jAya che. khetIvADIne mATe eka TakA karatAM paNa ochuM dhirANa karAya che. suratamAM jarI-udyoga, ATa-silka-udyoga vagerene meTA bhAganuM dhirANa apAyuM che. baMne vibhAgonuM dhirANa 84 TakA thAya che. amadAvAda jillAnuM udyoga ane vepArIone karAyeluM dhirANa sahakArI benkanA dhirANa sAthe gaNatAM 5.6 TakA thAya che. udyogamAM pachAta kaccha banAsakAMThA mahesANA sAbarakAMThA amarelI ane paMcamahAlamAM udyogo mATe karelA dhirANanuM pramANa 6 thI 29 TakA jeTaluM nIcuM che, paNa A jillAomAM vepArIone karela dhirANa 29 thI 60 TakA jeTaluM che. surata amadAvAda bhAvanagara amarelI jAmanagara rAjakoTa kaccha ane banAsakAMThAmAM karAyeluM khetI mATenuM dhirANa nIcuM che. benkonA rASTriyIkaraNa bAda khetIvADI mATenuM dhirANa vadhyuM che. meTA bhAganA banyonA lAbha lenAra moTA udyogapatio tathA moTA vepArIo che. nAnA dukAnavALA, kArIgare, nokariyAto vagerene ghaNuM ochuM dhirANa thayela che. pisTala baeNnka ane nAnI bacata vepArI ane sahakArI benko uparAMta pisTa-oNphisa paNa seviMga ane phisTa vibhAga dharAve che. zahere uparAMta moTAM gAme jyAM brAnca ane saba ophise hoya che tyAM TapAlanA kAma uparAMta A pravRtti hAtha dharAya che. 191418 nA prathama vizvayuddha daramyAna nANane phagA rokavA tathA lekenI kharIdazakti upara aMkuza rAkhavA 5, 7, 10 varSIya rU. 10, 50 ane 100 nAM pisTala sarTiphikeTa bahAra pADavAmAM AvyAM hatA.papa bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna 1943 mAM naeNzanala seviMga sarTiphikeTa 10 thI 12 varSanI lAMbI mudatanAM bahAra pADavAmAM AvyAM hatA. 3 TakA thI 4 TakA jeTaluM vyAja pAMcathI 12 varasanAM sarTiphikeTa upara apAtuM hatuM. 1951 mAM dara varase vyAja maLe evAM 15 varSIya eNnyuTI sarTiphikeTa bahAra pADavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. tene vyAjane dara 3 TakA hato.pa6 A uparAMta vara-lena dvArA paNa bhArata sarakAre rAjavIo tathA dhanike pAsethI nANuM meLavyuM hatuM.

Page #303
278 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 1959-60 mAM rU. 755 lAkhane lakSyAMka vaTAvI javAmAM bhAratamAM vyaktigata sarerAza rASTriya bacata yojanAmAM rU. 2.10 rekANu thayuM hatuM, jyAre gujarAtanI A bacata rU 5.33 hatI. rAjya jeTalI bacata kare che tenI 66 TakA rakama bhArata sarakAra rAjya sarakArane vikAsanA kAma mATe pAchI Ape che. nAnI bacatayojanA dezanA vikAsamAM mahatvano phALo Ape che.57 vImA vImAnA kAraNe bacata ane karakasaranI Teva paDe che. e uparAMta akasmAta ane akALa mRtyunA prasaMge kuTuMbanI Arthika ciMtA dUra karavAmAM e sahAyabhUta thAya che. agAu amadAvAda zaheramAM vividha prakAranI 74 vImA kampanIonI ophise hatI. A kampanIo paikI ekanuM vaDuM mathaka amadAvAdamAM hatuM. bAkInI kampanIo paikI 42 kalpanAonuM muMbaImAM, 9 kampanIonuM kalakattAmAM ane 5 kampanIonuM dilhImAM vaDuM mathaka hatuM. yu. esa. e.mAM seMdhAyelI eka kampanInI ophisa amadAvAdamAM hatI.18 gujarAtI vepArI ane udyogapatioe A kSetramAM paNa jhaMpalAvyuM hatuM. 74 kampanIo paikI 15 kampanIo jIvanavImAnuM kAma karatI hatI. sapTembara 1956 thI jIvana vImAnuM rASTriyakaraNa thayuM che. pAlamaeNnTanA dhArA nIce jIvanavImA nigamanI racanA karAI che. khAnagI kSetre pUra Aga, dariyAI akasmAta, vAhana vagere aMgene vImo utAravAnuM kAma hatuM. 1-4-1964 thI jIvanavImA nigame paNa A kSetramAM praveza karyo che.58 jIvanavImA nigamanAM gujarAtamAM traNa Divijhana ke mukhyamathaka amadAvAda, surata ane rAjakoTa khAte che. amadAvAda jillAmAM nyU inDiyA janarala esperansa kampanIne sAmAnya vImAnuM kAma soMpAyuM hatuM.deg AjhAdI pUrva eriyanTala gavarnamenTa sikayoriTI lAIpha esyoransa kaM. li., nyU InDiyA esyoransa kaM. li., inDasTriyala enDa praDenziyala esyoransa kaM. li., beDana isyoransa kaM. li.mAM gujarAtIone hisse moTo hato. jIvanavImA vagerenA rASTriyIkaraNathI udyoga tathA bhArata sarakArane vikAsa-kAme mATe meTuM bhaMDoLa maLyuM che. 9. sahakArI pravRtti 1913 mAM maeNklagana samitinI bhalAmaNa mujaba 1904 ne kAyado sudhArI ne khetI uparAMta audyogika tathA anya Arthika hetuo mATe sahakArI

Page #304
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 279 maMDaLIo sthApavAnI kAyadAthI bhArata sarakAre jogavAI karI hatI. AnuM anukaraNa vaDedarA rAjya karyuM hatuM. sahakArI dhAro 1914 thI amalamAM AvyA hatA. mahesANA jillAmAM "kaDI prAMta kheDUta sabhAe sahakArI pravRti kapriya banAvavA mahattvane phALe A hatuM. pariNAme 1915-16 mAM sahakArI maMDaLIonI saMkhyA 60 thaI hatI. amarelI jillAmAM khetadhirANa sahakArI maMDaLIonI saMkhyA 1918-19 mAM 79 thaI hatI. sane 1919 mAM vaDodarA rAjya sahakArI khAtuM zarU karyuM hatuM. kheDA jillAmAM 1913 sudhImAM bIjI sAta maMDaLI astitvamAM AvI hatI. paMcamahAla jillAmAM 1916 mAM 12 sahakArI maMDaLI hatI. sane 1918 pachI prAMtamAM dhirAjamukhI zAsana taLe sahakArI khAtuM prAMtane viSaya banyuM ane 1925 mAM muMbaI dhArAsabhAe e ke-opareTiva sosAyaTIjha ekaTa" e nAmane kAyado pasAra karyo. A kAyadAthI eka ja prakAranI jarUriyAtavALA tamAma lokone sahakArI maMDaLI zarU karavA sagavaDa apAI che. kheDA jillAmAM 1920 sudhImAM 17 sahakArI maMDaLI hatI. mahesANA jillAmAM 1920 mAM 63 sahakArI maMDaLI hatI. amarelI jillAmAM 1918-19 mAM 79 sahakArI maMDaLI hatI. 13 dezI rAjyo paikI vaDodarA rAjya uparAMta bhAvanagara morabI khaMbhAta luNAvADA, rAjapIpaLA jUnAgaDha ane porabaMdara rAjyamAM sahakArI maMDaLIo sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. bhAvanagaramAM 1916 mAM sahakArI pravRtti zarU thaI hatI. 1917-18 mAM 339 maMDaLI hatI. 64 1920 pachI jillAmAM sahakArI maMDaLIonA ceramena ane sekreTarI tarIke takasAdhuo pesI gayA hatA. ativRSTi tathA himane kAraNe 1926-32 daramyAna lagabhaga 35 jeTalI sahakArI maMDaLI phaDacAmAM gaI hatI. pariNAme jillA sahakArI benka paNa phaDacAmAM gaI hatI. tyArabAda nava tAlukAone AvarI letAM traNa suparavAIjharI yuniyana astitvamAM AvyAM hatAM. maMDaLInA sabhyonI Arthika sthiti tema devuM bharapAI karavAnI zakti tapAsI 10, 15 ane 20 varasanA vyAjanA hatA karI devAmAM AvyA hatA. paMcamahAlamAM 1920-1923 daramyAna dukALanI achata-paristhiti hatI. ThakakarabApAnA prayAsathI 1921 mAM 33 kheta-dhirANa maMDaLI zarU thaI hatI te vadhIne 1928 mAM 69 sahakArI maMDaLI hatI. 1924 mAM jillAnA kAlola ane godharAmAM nAgarika sahakArI benka zarU thaI hatI. amadAvAda jille khUba pAchaLa hate. 1927 mAM dhaMdhukA tAlukAnI cha sesAyaTI ane gheghA tAlukAnI be senA

Page #305
280 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI yaTIonuM 64 ane 76 TakA dhirANa mudata vItI gayela bAkI tarIke hatuM. tAlukAnAM tAlakadArI ta ane zAhakAre-vepArIonAM joDANa ane 1920 pachInI vizvavyApI maMdI tathA asahakAranI laDate paNa sahakArI pravRttinA vikAsamAM avarodharUpa banI hatI. bharUca ane surata jillAmAM sahakArI pravRtti ThIka viksI. hatI. 1924-25 mAM surata jillAmAM 144 kheta-dhirANa sahakArI maMDaLI hatI. surata jillAnA jahAMgIrapurAmAM sau-prathama sahakArI jIniMga phekaTarI 1927 mAM sthapAI hatI. 1938-39 mAM bharUcamAM 159 khetadhirANa sahakArI maMDaLI hatI. Ama surata ane bharUca jillAmAM sahakArI pravRtti daSTivALA sahakArI kAryakaro tathA niSThAvAna kheDUtane lIdhe vikasI rahI hatI, jyAre uttara gujarAta, amadAvAda tathA kheDA jillAomAM lenanA haptA 1931 mAM laMbAvavAmAM AvyA chatA ghaNI rakama kheDUte pAse bAkI hatI. 19ra7 mAM cAra lAkha kheDUta ane gativAo paikI 44,326 vyakti sahakArI maMDaLInAM sabhya hatAM. 66 1925 thI 1947 daramyAna binakAryadakSa maMDaLIo phaDacAmAM gaI hatI. A gALe vikAsane badale daDhIkaraNane hate. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna anAja khAMDa kApaDa kerosIna vagerenI mApabaMdhI thatAM leka parezAna thaI gayA hatA. sarakAra kheDUto pAsethI pharajiyAta anAja ugharAvatI hatI, AthI A muzkelImAMthI bacavA lokee kanjhayumara sTora zarU karyA hatA. moTA bhAganI prAthamika khetadhirANa sahakArI maMDaLIonuM sevA sahakArI tathA vividha kAryakArI sahakArI maMDaLIomAM rUpAMtara thayuM hatuM ane dhirANa uparAMta biyAraNa khAtara kapAsiyA khoLa jatunAzaka-davAo vagere tathA kheDUtone pAka saMgharI phAyadAkAraka rIte vecANa karavAnuM kArya paNa hAtha dharavAnuM zarU thayuM hatuM. kheDA jillAmAM IdulAla yAjJike "kharIda-vecANa saMgha" sthApyo hato. anAja kharIdavAnuM tathA aMkuzita ane bina-aMkuzita mAlanuM vecANa karavAnuM upADI lIdhuM hatuM. A uparAMta ANaMdamAM AvI bIjI saMsthA sthapAI hatI. vaDodarA rAjyanA vistAramAM paNa sevA sahakArI kharIda vecANa maMDaLIo tathA kanjhayumara sahakArI maMDaLIo vividha kSetre UbhI thaI hatI. sane 1941 mAM pAMca briTiza jillAo paikI amadAvAda bharUca-paMcamahAla kheDA ane suratamAM anukrame 85, 340, 90 ane 134 sahakArI maMDaLI hatI. bharUca aMkalezvara ane vAgarA tAlukAnA kapAsa ugADanArAone nANAMnI

Page #306
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 281 khUba jarUra hatI. sahakArI maMDaLIo emane sahAyarUpa thaI hatI. surata ane bharUcamAM 25 thI 50 TakA sudhI kapAsanuM vecANa ne levAnuM kAma sahakArI maDaLIo ane emanA janapresa dvArA 1958-59 mAM thayuM hatuM. beThA ane sAbarakAMThAmAM paNa enI zarUAta thaI hatI saurASTramAM bhAvanagara rAjya A dizAmAM suMdara kArya karyuM hatuM. 1948 pahelAM saurASTramAM kula 288 sahakArI maMDaLIo hatA te paikI 217 eTale 75 TakA ekalA bhAvanagara jillAmAM hatI. bIjI maDaLIo jUnAgaDha jillAmAM hatI. kacchamAM AjhAdI pUrva sahakArI pravRtti hAtha dharAI na hatI. khetI mATe dhirANa karatI sahakArI maMDaLIo sivAya sevA sahakArI maMDaLIo, pazuvIme utAranAronI, audyogika majUronI, vaNakaronI, zAkabhAjI ugADanArAonI, jaMgala-kAmadAronI, piyata karanArAonI, sahakArathI khetI karanArAonI, majUrI karanArAonI, 3 UgADanArA, ene laDhanArAonI, mAchImAronI, kaMsArAonI, camaudyogakAronI, pagAradAra nokaronI, mIThuM pakavanArAonI, ghara bAMdhanArAonI, dUdha ekaThuM karI vecANa karanArI, rabArI bharavADonI, ghAsacAro pUrA pADanArAonI maMDaLIo AjhAdI pachI astitvamAM AvI che. kapAsa ugADanArAonI 1959 mAM 39 maMDaLI hatI. rabArI bharavADonI nAyakA ane bAvaLAmAM sahakArI maMDaLI che, paMcamahAla bharUca vaDodarA surata valasADa DAMga tathA jUnAgaDha jillAomAM jaMgala sahakArI maMDaLIo AvI che. bAraDolI ane gaNadevImAM khAMDaudyoga sahakArI dharaNe 1955 ane 1956 thI cAle che. 1946 thI kheDA jillA dUdha utpAdaka saMgha kAma kare che ANaMdamAMnuM "amUla" enuM sajana che, e muMbaI dUdha mekale che. 1957-58 mAM 167 sahakArI maMDaLI enI sAthe joDAI hatI. 1951-para mAM 220 khetadhirANa maMDaLI hatI te vadhIne 1955-56 mAM 4,000 uparAMta thaI hatI. 1960 mAM khetadhirANa sahakArI maMDaLIonI saMkhyA 7441 hatI. binakhetI-dhirANa maMDaLIonI saMkhyA 1961 mAM 841 hatI. jillA madhyastha sahakArI benkanI saMkhyA 1960 mAM 16 hatI. 1951-61 vacce sahakArI pravRttine khUba vikAsa thayo hato. zaherI vistAramAM vepArIo kArIgaro pagAradAro laghuudyogapatio vagerene dhirANa karatI nAgarika sahakArI benka astitvamAM AvI che. teo bacata ane karakasarane uttejana Ape che. enuM dhirANa 15 mAsa sudhInuM TUMkA gALAnuM hoya

Page #307
282 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI che. teo vepArI baeNnkanA dhoraNe kAma kare che. pachAta vargane makAna mATe lona paNa Ape che. kacchamAM gAMdhIdhAmamAM ane saurASTramAM bhAvanagara rAjakoTa junAgaDha jAmanagara surendranagara ane amarelI jillAomAM enI saMkhyA 1961 mAM 25 hatI. taLa-gujarAtanA jillAomAM enI saMkhyA 51 hatI. banAsakAMThA ane DAMga 1960 mAM enAthI vaMcita hatAM. sauthI vadhAre nAgarika beMke amadAvAda zaheramAM che. 68 rAjyakakSAe agAu beo previnzayala ko - pareTiva baeNnka' sIdhI madada ApatI hatI tenuM sthAna bombe sTeTa ke-oNpareTiva benka 1956 sudhI lIdhuM hatuM. jillA madhyastha sahakArI benka, nAgarika sahakArI benka, audyogika sahakArI maMDaLIo vagere enI sabhya che. 1951 mAM saurASTra rAjyanI racanA bAda saurASTra sTeTa ko-opareTiva benka zarU karavAmAM AvI hatI. kaccha eTa senTrala ke-opareTiva phAInensiMga beI hatuM. 1960 thI saurASTra ko-oNpareTiva benka samagra gujarAtanI rAjyakakSAnI TocanI sahakArI benka tarIke kAma kare che. e jillA madhyastha benkone khetIvADI mATe TUMkA gALAnI lena Ape che. e uparAMta sahakArI kSetramAM khAMDanAM kArakhAnAM tela-mile jIna-presa vagerene paNa lena Ape che. dukALanA vakhatamAM kheDUtane lena bharapAI karavA madhyama gALAnI lena Ape che. nAgarika baeNnke paNa enA dvArA lena meLave che. 68 rAjyakakSAnI sahakArI benka ane grAmakakSAnI prAthamika sahakArI maMDaLI vacce jillA madhyastha sahakArI benka sAMkaLa samAna che. kheDA jillAmAM 1920 mAM e zarU karAyA bAda phaDacAmAM jatAM 1949 mAM pharI e zarU karAI hatI. mahesANA jillAmAM e 1917 thI kAma karatI hatI. amadAvAda jillAmAM pIpalsa ko-opareTiva baeNnka 1922 mAM zarU thaI hatI. e A kAma karatI hatI, paNa jillA madhyastha sahakArI baeNnka 1954 mAM zarU karAI hatI. banAsakAMThA sAbarakAMThA karacha tathA saurASTra jillAomAM 1959mAM e zarU karAI hatI. 1960 mAM jillA madhyastha sahakArI baeNnkonI saMkhyA 16 hatI ane enI 174 zAkhA hatI. TUMkI ane madhyama kakSAnI khetInA kAma tathA jamIna-sudhAraNA mATe gAma sahakArI maMDaLIone lena Ape che.70 lAMbA gALAnI lena lenDa morTageja benka dvArA kheDUtene maLe che. vaDodarA rAjyamAM 1932-33 mAM laeNnDa morTageja baeNnka sthapAI hatI, saurASTramAM 1951 mAM e sthapAI hatI. 1946 thI 1954 daramyAna taLa-gujarAtamAM paNa A

Page #308
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 283 prayoga karI hatI. 1956 pachI saurASTramAM sthApelI baeNnkane lAbha kacchane paNa maLyo che. 1960 mAM enI 84 zAkhA hatI.71 Ama khetadhirANa sahakArI maMDaLIo, binakheta dhirANa sahakArI maMDaLIo, nAgarika sahakArI baeNnka, jillA madhyastha ane rAjyanI sahakArI benka tathA lenDa mATageja baeNnko (jamIna-vikAsa benko) kheDUte vepArIo kArIgare laghuudyogapatio pagAradAra kare tathA sAmAnya janatAnA garIba ane madhyama varganA lokone AzIrvAdarUpa che. 10. audyogika vikAsa vIsamI sadInA prathama dasakA daramyAna svadezInI caLavaLa tathA paradezI kApaDanA bahiSkArane kAraNe sutarAe kApaDanA udyogane amadAvAda vaDodarA bhAvanagara naDiyAda navasArI kalela siddhapura vagere ke dromAM vikAsa thayo hato. prathama vizvayuddha (191418) ane bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna AyA te baMdha thatAM kApaDaudyoga uparAMta davA rasAyaNa raMga simenTa ane mATI upara AdhArita udyoge tema DerI IjanerI vagere udyoga vikasyA hatA. sane 1915 mAM gujarAtamAM kula 61 sutarAu kApaDanI milemAM 13,33,206 trAka ane 26,034 sALa hatI te vadhIne 1947 mAM 104 milemAM 28,39, para6 trAka ane 17,338 sALa thaI hatI. ekalA amadAvAdamAM 78 mila hatI. taLagujarAtanAM anya ke dromAM 1915 mAM 18 mila, 3,21972 trAka ane 5,264 sALa hatI. 1946mAM A saMkhyA vadhIne 26 bila, 5,10,000 trAka ane 10625 sALa thaI hatI. saurASTramAM 4 mila, 35,618 trAka ane 707 sALa hatI. kacchamAM 1939 mAM aMjAramAM eka li zarU karAI hatI. A udyogane jApAna tathA mAncesTaranI harIphAIne sAmane karavo paDyo hate. zAhI pasaMdagInI nItine kAraNe iMglenDane lAbha maLyuM hatuM, jyAre jApAnanI kApaDanI AyAta upara bhAre jakAta lAdavAmAM AvI hatI. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna 106 divase mile baMdha rahI hovA chatAM traNa pALIomAM mile calAvI mila-mAlikee bhAre napho karyo hato. A udyogamAM 85,000 thI vadhu leka rokAyelA hatA. 1947 mAM deza AjhAda thatAM paradezI AyAta upara aMkuza Avyo hato ane audyogika nItimAM paNa palaTo Avyo hate. kApaDanI AyAta karanAra deza maTIne 1940 pachIthI kApaDanI nikAsa karanAra deza banyo hate. 1950 mAM samagra gujarAtamAM sutarAu kApaDanI 109 milemAM 28,26,576 trAka ane papa,642

Page #309
284 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sALa hatI. oNTomaeNTika sALo paNa dAkhala karAI hatI. saurASTranI mila jADuM tathA madhyama baranuM kApaDa taiyAra karatI hatI, jyAre amadAvAdanI mile 2.5 TakA jADuM ane bAkInuM phAIna ane suparaphAina kApaDa taiyAra karatI hatI. 1958 mAM traNa mila baMdha paDavA chatAM 1,05,256 trAka ane 656 soLa vadhI hatI. gujarAtanuM kApaDa dezanA badhA bhAgomAM 1958-59mAM 7 lAkha uparAMta gAMsaDI gayuM hatuM. 5 TakA kApaDanI paradezamAM nikAsa thAya che. gujarAtamAM dezanA kApaDamila-udyoganI 22 TakA trAka, 27 TakA sALa che. kApaDa-utpAdanamAM ene hisse 30 TakA jeTaluM che. 1960-61 mAM 25.44 karoDa ratala sUtara ane 126.42 karoDa vAra kApaDanuM utpAdana thayuM hatuM temAM 1,91,762 leka rokAyelA hatA. 1959-60 mAM gRhaudyoga ane laghu udyoga nIce 17,307 ane 243 ekama hatA, e dvArA 54,622 lokone rojI maLatI hatI. gujarAtamAM gAlIcA lAyaka barachaTa UnanuM utpAdana thAya che. garama kApaDa mATe Tosa ane yArnanI oNsTreliyAthI AyAta thAya che. 1948 thI jAmanagara ane vaDedarA khAte garama kApaDanI be mila zarU thaI che. dhAbaLA uparAMta vividha prakAranuM garama kApaDa e taiyAra kare che. 1959mAM emAM 1,130 sekene cha maLatI hatI. gRhaudyoga tarIke gaDhaDA amarelI sAvarakuMDalA tathA uttara gujarAta ane kacchamAM dhAbaLA bane che. rezamI ane ATa silka-mAnavasarjita resAmAMthI kApaDa banAvavAne udyoga suratamAM vikasyo che. 1940 mAM suratamAM rezamI kApaDa banAvatAM 46 kArakhAnAM ane 1,081 lUma hatI. rezama kAzmIra baMgALa maisUra cIna ane jApAnathI AyAta karAtuM hatuM, jyAre kRtrima rezama (rAyana)nuM sUtara InDa jamanI jApAna ane iTAlIthI AyAta karAtuM hatuM. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna kRtrima rezamanA sUtaranI AyAta baMdha thaI hatI. 1936-37 mAM 60,000 ratala sTepala phAIbarane surate upayoga karyo hate. tyArabAda ene vaparAza vadhIne dara mAse 40,000 ratala thayA hatA. 1962 mAM AkhA dezanI yaMtrasALe paikI 35 TakA yaMtrasALo ane kArakhAnAo paikI 50 TakA suratamAM che. 1962 ekamanI 16 upara sALo dvArA 186 lAkha vAra kApaDa utpanna thayuM hatuM. A udyogamAM rU. 10 karoDanI mUDI rokAyelI che ane 25,000 kArIgarone rojI maLe che. A udyoga gRha-udyoga tarIke paNa vikasyo che. surata uparAMta amadAvAda bhAvanagara naDiyAda vageremAM kRtrima rezamI kApaDanAM kArakhAnAM che. pATaNa dhoLakA UjhA vageremAM paToLAM kinakhAba ane mazarU bane che

Page #310
Arthika sthiti ane vizvasa 285 amadAvAdamAM A uparAMta hAjhiyarI-udyoga 1920 pachIthI vikasyo che. amadAvAdanAM ATha kArakhAnAM ane bhAvanagaranA eka kArakhAnAmAM bIjA vizvayuddha pahelAM 14,974 mANusAne rojI maLatI hatI. surata ane vaDodarAmAM paNa AvAM kArakhAnAM che. 1962 mAM jIna-presanAM 471 kArakhAnAM hatAM temAM 45,511 loka kAma karatA hatA. raMgATI ane chApakAmanA 1959 - 60 mAM 1,634 ekama hatA te dvArA 3,980 lokene rAja maLatI hatI. kRtrima rezamI kApaDa mATenuM sUtara taiyAra karavAnAM kArakhAnAM surata ane verAvaLamAM che. kRtrima rezamI kApaDa arabastAna rAka pUrva"--AphrikA baherIna eDana vagere paradezamAM tathA bhAratanA anya bhAgAmAM jAya che. mIThAnA udyoga AjhAdI bAda A udyoga vikasyA che. 1947 pUrve enu utpAdana cAra lAkha Tana hatuM. gujarAta samagra dezanA mIThAnA utpAdananA 50 TakA hissA dharAve che. enu utpAdana 1960 sudhI 16 lAkha Tana thayuM hatuM. saurASTra ane kacchatA emAM mukhya hissA che. khArAdhoDA khaMbhAta dhArAsaNA vagere sthaLAe taLagujarAtamAM mIThAnuM utpAdana thAya che. mIThAnI ADa pedAzanAM kArakhAnAM mIThApura dhrAMgadhrA ane khArAdheADAmAM che. bhAvanagaramAM namaka-sazodhana sasthA che. rasAyaNa-udyoga gujarAtamAM mIThuM ane cUnAnI vipulatAne lIdhe A udyoga vikasyA che. eka Tana sADA a~za banAvavA mATe cAra Tana mIThuM ane cUne joIe che. 1951 mAM dhrAMgadhrA ane mIThApuranAM kArakhAnAMonu sADA auMzanuM utpAdana 48, 600 Tana hatuM. 1960-61 mAM samagra dezamAM soDA a~zanuM utpAdana 1,47,608 Tana hatu. A paikI 1,37,622 Tana gujarAtamAM pedA thayela. gujarAtano hisso 95 TakA jeTalo che. A kArakhAnAM kosTika mADA, kalorina, blIciMga pAuDara, maeNgneziyama kalArA, maigneziyama salpheTa, breAmina vagere banAve che. amadAvAda vaDodarA khArAdhoDA bhAvanagara naDiyAda ANaMda surata vagere sthaLoe keTalAMka kArakhAnAM che. A badhAM kArakhAnAM mIThAnA ane gadhakane tejAba, eNpsama ane globara saoNlTa, elyuminA salpheTa, phaTakaDI, kajhAlika eNsiDa, jaMtughna drabyo, rephriAiDa ane methiyeTeDa spiriTa, supara phrAspheTa, sTA' vagere banAve che. vaDodarAmAM phoTogrAphInAM -rasAyaNa bane che. saurASTramAM soDiyama silikeTanAM ghaNAM sarakhAnAM che. A

Page #311
286 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI uparAMta eNsijana esiTilina ane kArbana DAyoksAiDa gaeNsa banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM che. gujarAtamAM vaDodarAmAM khAtaranuM kArakhAnuM che. bIjA nAnAM kArakhAnAM bhAvanagara vagere sthaLoe che. ahIM emaniyama salphaTa vagere nAITrojanayukta yuriyA ane emeniyama oNpheTa khAtara bane che. bhAvanagaramAM suparaphaeNskeTa banAvavAnuM kArakhAnuM che. gujarAtamAM khanIja tela maLI AvatAM peTrokemikala udyogane vikAsa thayo che. enuM zuddhIkaraNa karavAthI vividha peTroliyama pedAza maLe che. keyalImAM 45 lAkha Tana phUDa oNile zuddha karavAnuM kArakhAnuM che. kAca-udyoga gujarAtamAM kapaDavaMja merabI ane saMtarAmapuramAM kAcanI vastuo banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM hatAM temAM vaDedarA ane vallabha vidyAnagaranAM kArakhAnAMone umero. thayuM che. ahIM AbhalAM baMgaDIo zIzIo, pikaLa vAsaNa, pAlA, kAcanI zIzIo, zITa-glAsa vagere bane che eNlekhika ane vidyAnagaranAM kArakhAnAM adyatana sAmagrI banAve che. I. sa. 1959 mAM laghuudyoga nIce be kArakhAnAM emAM 21 mANasa ane meTAM traNa kArakhAnAMomAM 1,187 mANasa rokAyelA hatA. sureMdranagaramAM tharmomITara banAvavAnuM kArakhAnuM zarU thayuM hatuM. hAla e baMdha che. simenTa-udyoga dvArakA piraba dara rANAvAva sikkA ane sevAliyAmAM simenTanAM kArakhAnAM che. cUnAnA paththaronI vipulatA saurASTranA dariyAkAMThe gopanAthathI okhA sudhI che. 1960-61 mAM simenTanuM 10 lAkha Tana utpAdana hatuM. 1959mAM cAra hajAra mANasone rojI maLatI hatI. simenTanI vastuo banAvavAnAM 1958 mAM 27 kArakhAnAM hatA te dvArA 892 mANasone rojI maLatI hatI. IjanerI udyoga A udyogane vikAsa bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna yaMtro ane enA chUTaka bhAganI AyAta aTakI jatAM thayuM che. milanAM yatro vagerenAM 1947 pahelAM 80 kArakhAnAM hatAM te paikI 75 amadAvAdamAM hatAM. IjanerI udyoganAM mukhya mathaka amadAvAda vaDodarA naDiyAda surata navasArI rAjakoTa bhAvanagara sureMdranagara vagere che. ekalA amadAvAdamAM 250 uparAMta nAnAmoTAM kArakhAnAM che. vaDodarAmAM 15, ANaMda ane naDiyAdamAM 30 che. suratamAM udyogane lagatAM yaMtra ane rAjakoTamAM aiila enjina

Page #312
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 287 tathA pampa ane lekhaMDanuM phreni+cara banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM che. ilekTrikala sAmAna vaDodarA ziheAra ane jAmanagaramAM bane che. kalAla visanagara ane mahesANAmAM oNla enjina bane che. amadAvAda vaDodarA ane bhAvanagara vagere sthaLAe sTIla ri-roliMga mile che. sane 1959 mAM polAda ane lakhaMDa banAvatAM 13 nAnAM ane e mATAM kArakhAnAMmAM 450 kArIgara kAma karatA hatA. sAIkalanA bhAga banAvanArAM e kArakhAnAMomAM 1960 mAM rU. 22 lAkhane mAla taiyAra thayA hatA. sIvavAnA sacA banAvavAnAM e kArakhAnAM che. vIjaLInA paMkhA navasArImAM bane che. janarala ane blekaTrikala ijanerI sAmAnanAM 375 ane 37 nAnAM ane moTAM kArakhAnAM hatAM temAM 11,745 leka kAma karatA hatA. relavenI vaka zA dvArA 8,165 lAke rAjI meLavatA hatA. kApaDa-udyoganI mazinarI ane enA bhAgeA banAvatAM 108 nAnAM ane 21 moTAM kArakhAnAMo dvArA 6,198 lAkAne rAjI maLatI hatI. mArI ane amadAvAdamAM ghaDiyALeA bane che. 1960 ane 1961 mAM 50 ane 70 hAsa pAvaranI ilekTrika meTara banI hatI. DIjhala enjinanI saMkhyA 1960 ane 1961 mAM 1,489 ane 1,597 hatI. 23,000 55, 39 hekasA bleDa ane 156 hajAra grAsa lAkaDAnA * banyA hatA. ijanerI sAmAnanAM 341 kArakhAnAMe dvArA 11,398 mANasane rAjI maLatI hatI. vIjaLInAM yatronAM kArakhAnAMomAM anukrame 281 ane 2,352 mANasa kAma karatA hatA. tara dhAtunA 118 kArakhAnAMomAM 2,469 mANasa kAma karatA hatA. anya udyoga pittaLa ane tAMbAnAM vAsaNA, Traka tijorI Tama vagere anAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM zihAra vaDhavANa dhrAMgadhrA merI ii visanagara amadAvAda vaDodarA DabhoI khaMbhAta navasArI surata naDiyAda bharUca pATaNa bhAvanagara geAdharA valasADa mahesANA bAlAsinAra ThAsarA DAkora jhAloda devagaDha-bAriyA vagere sthaLAe che. cInAI mATInAM vAsaNA-kapa rakAkhI baraNIo ane saeNniTarI ver naLiyAM riphrephaTarIjha vagere vastu banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM thAna dhrAMgadhrA merabI vAMkAnera zihera bIlImorA amadAvAda vagere sthaLeAe che. mArbImAM 1926 mAM parazurAma paoNTarI zarU karAI hatI. jAmanagara vAgaDiyA rAmaparaDA ane coravADamAM AvAM kArakhAnAM che. parazurAma jUthanAM kArakhAnAMonI 10 hambara Dejhana cInAI mATInAM vAsaNa banAvavAnI zakti 1947 pUrve hatI. bIlIArA gaNadevI ne merImAM meMglorI TAilsa bane che. thAna ane rasIpuramAMthI cAinA-kale ane phAyara-kale vagere maLe che. 1959 mAM cha nAnAM ane 11 moTAM kArakhAnAMo dvArA 2,703

Page #313
28 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mANasane rezajI maLatI hatI. IMTa ane lAdI banAvanArA 11,497 ekamA dvArA 40,441 lokone rojI maLatI hatI. raMganAM kArakhAnAM jAmanagara bhAvanagara mArI amadAvAda vagere sthAe AjhAdI pUrve AvelAM hatAM. tyArabAda valasADa najIka "atula"nuM kArakhAnuM 29 jAtanA eNsiDa, ra MgA, salphara bleDa, jeDa-grIna vagere raMgo banAve che. 1961 mAM badhA prakAranA raMgAnuM 2,485 Tana utpAdana thayu hatuM. vaDodarA amadAvAda ane vallabha vidyAnagaramAM keTalAMka nAnAM kArakhAnAM AvelAM che. davAnA udyoga vaDodarA amadAvAda atula ANaMda naDiyAda bhAvanagara varateja rAjakoTa surata vagere sthaLAe vikasyA che. atulamAM leDaralInA sahayAgathI enTibAyoTika vagere davAo bane che. vaDodarAmA eNlembika ane sArAbhAI kampanI (skrIbanAM sahakArathI) viTAminsa, eNnTibAyeTika davAo, phIna, khathIla kalArAIDa tathA 100 jAtanI davAo banAve che. aMkalezvaranI audyogika vasAhatomAM bhAratanI moTA bhAganI davAnI kampanIoe peAtAnAM kArakhAnAM nAkhyAM che. davAnI kula 108 kampanI amadAvAda kheDA vaDodarA surata rAjakoTa bhAvanagara vagere jillAmAM che. 1960 mAM teenu rU. 13.90 karoDanuM rokANa hatuM. ane 7,833 lAka rAjI meLavatA hatA. 1,101 phArmAlaeNjikala dravya, 147 phAina kemikala dravya, 887 peTanTa vagere dravya ane 57 tara dravya ema kula 2,192 dravya banAvAtAM. enI ki Mmata rU. 18.10 karADa hatI. DerI-udyoganA vikAsa kheDA ane mahesANA jillAmAM thayA che. kheDA ane amAvAda jillAmAM 37 ane 16 krImarI che. polasana DerI thI mAkhaNa vagerenuM dUdha uparAMta moTA pAyA upara utpAdana karatI hatI. malAI kADhI lIdhelA dUdhamAMthI kesina banAvAya che. ANu thI 1941 thI dUdha pescyurAijha karIne muMbai meAlAya che. ANaMdanI amUla DerI sahakArI dharaNe dUdha meLavI mAkhaNa ghI tema dUdhanA pAuDara vagere banAve che. mahesANAnI sAgara-DerI A dhAraNe kAma kare che. -bhAvanagara rAjakoTa pAlanapura jUnAgaDha vaDodarA amadAvAda vagere sthaLeAe jillA utpAdaka saMghe DerInu sacAlana kare che. A uparAMta mAve| ane thrI kaccha suredranagara kheDA mahesANA jUnAgaDha vagere jillAmAM bane che. matsya-udyoganA vikAsa AjhAdI bAda thayA che. 1947-48 mAM taLa-gujarAta ane saurASTramAM anukrame 3,958 ane 3,667 Tana mAchalI pakaDavAmAM AvI hatI, jenI ki Mmata anukrame rU 18 ane 16.2 lAkha hatI. 1959-60 mAM 2.6 karoDanI kiMmatanI 85,000 Tana mAchalI pakaDavAmAM AvI hatI te paikI 85 TakAnI

Page #314
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 25: nikAsa thaI hatI. 3,700 haoNDI ane 348 yAMtrika hADI emAM rokAyelI hatI. saurASTranA jApharAbAdathI mokhA sudhInA kinArA pokreTa mugalA zAka throna vagerethI samRddha che. okhAthI jAmanagara sudhInA dariyAmAMthI mAMtI ane zAMkha maLe che. mAMgarALa ane pArakhaMdara vaccenA samudramAM zArka mAchalI che te zAka*-lIvara Ala Ape che. dakSiNa saurASTranA kinAre dakSiNa gujarAtanA mAchIe mAchImArI mATe ziyALAmAM Ave che. hAla mAchalIonuM 2.20 lAkha Tana utpAdana che. bArejaDI pAraDI bAvaLA rAjakoTa bhAvanagara digedranagara (ji. amadAvAda) vagere sthaLAe kAgaLa ane pUDAM banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM che. 1951 mAM enu utpAdana 5031 Tana hatuM. 1959 mAM 4 nAnAM ane 6 moTAM kAgaLa ane pUThAM banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM hatAM. emAM 1,610 mANasa rAkAyelA hatA. 1962 mAM kArakhAnAMnI saMkhyA 22 thaI hatI. rabaranI vastu banAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM vaDodarA bhAvanagara amadAvAda vageremAM che. 1961 mAM 420 hajAra pagarakhAMnI joDI banI hatI. vaDodarAnuM kArakhAnuM rabara ane ekhAnATanA rolarA, rabaranA kharo, ekhAnATa zITa, roDa, muziMga vagere taiyAra kare che. 1962 mAM rabaranI vastuo banAvatAM 15 kArakhAnAM hatAM temAM 850 lAka rAkAyelA hatA. rabaranA phuggA 1960 mAM 19 hajAra banyA hatA. sAbunAM kArakhAnAM kapaDavaMja vADAsinAra vaDhavANa moDAsA prAMtIja luNAvADA vagere sthaLAe agAu hatAM. saurASTramAM tela soDhA eNza. kosTika sADA sADiyama silikeTa vagerenuM sthAnika utpAdana che. koparela bahArathI ma MgAvavuM paDe che. 1957 mAM saurASTramAM 212 kArakhAnAM hatAM, je paikI cha meDhAM hatAM. sAzrunAM kArakhAnAM amadAvAda vaDodarA suredranagara bhAvanagara rAjakoTa. merakhI porabaMdara mahesANA siddhapura pATaNa kaDI visanagara naDiyAda kapaDavaMja ANaMda bhUja bajAra mAMDavI godharA bharUca surata valasADa navasArI vagere sthaLeAe che. gujarAtanAM sAbunAM kArakhAnAMonI kSamatA 4,884 na hatI. 1960 ane 1961 mAM 385 ane 585 Tana sAbu banyA hatA. 1959-60 mAM nAnA udyogA ane gRhaudyogo tarIke 307 ane 45 ekama hatA temAM 1,871 loka rokAyelA hatA. gujarAtamAM nahAvAne sugaMdhI sAbu banatA nathI ane glisirAina chUTu paDAtuM nathI. jarI sana udyoga mATe surata jANItu che. suratamAM 1,800 kArakhAnAM dvArA 30,000 loka rajI meLavatA hatA. agAu cAMdI ane sonAnA tArA upayAga thatA hatA, have khoTI jarAM vaparAya che. 1960 mAM rU. 12 lAkhanI 19

Page #315
290 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jarInI nikAsa thaI hatI. jarInuM vArSika utpAdana rU. 7 karoDanuM che ane udyogamAM rU. 5 karoDanuM rokANa thayela che. camaudyogane gujarAtamAM vikAsa thayo nathI. vaizasa pIkasa lesa paTA vagere kaDI amadAvAda bharUca khaMbhAta ane naDiyAdamAM bane che. rAjakoTa bhesANa vagere sthaLe TenarI che. 1960 ane 1961 mAM cAmaDAnA paTAnuM utpAdana 5,179 ane 13,002 ki.grA. hatuM. 37 ane 47 Tana pIkiMga benDanuM utpAdana 1960 ane 1961 mAM thayuM hatuM. A gALA daramyAna pIkasanuM utpAdana 1,09,900 naMga hatuM. 1960 ane 1961 mAM 14 ane 16 hajAra cAmaDAM vanaspati-paddhatithI pakvavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. tamAkunuM utpAdana kheDA jillAmAM vizeSa thAya che tethI tyAM enI khaLIo vizeSa che. gRhaudyoga tarIke bIDI banAvavAno udyoga gujarAtanAM moTA bhAganAM zaheramAM che. kaDImAM chIMkaNI ane ziheramAM dAMte ghasavAnI bajara bane che. 1951 mAM 18,000 mANasa boDI banAvavAmAM rokAyA hatA. chIMka banAvavAmAM 960 leka rokAyelA hatA. sane 1959 mAM 148 ane 30 nAnAM moTAM kArakhAnAM hatAM temAM 5,800 maNane rojI maLatI hatI. lakkaDakAma mATe pAvarathI saMcAlita 338 ane bina-pAvarathI saMcAlita 22,896 ekama hatAM. 33,653 lokone e dvArA 1959-60 mAM rejI maLatI hatI. godharA IDara amadAvAda surata luNAvADA vADAsinora moDAsA mahuvA saMkheDA bhAvanagara jUnAgaDha saMtarAmapura vagere kharAdIkAma mATe jANItAM che. visanagara vAMsadA surata navasArI amadAvAda vagere kASThazilpa mATe jANItAM che. amadAvAda vaDodarA surata naDiyAda bhAvanagara rAjakeTa ane jAmanagaramAM moTaranI beDI bAMdhavAnAM kArakhAnAM che. 1959 mAM 57 nAnAM ane 21 meTAM kArakhAnAM hatAM temAM 4,312 leka rokAyelA hatA. baeNbina lela pethApura valasADa bIlImerA naDiyAda surata vaDedarA navasArI bhAvanagara vagere zaheramAM bane che. kula 60 kArakhAnAMomAM 2 lAkha gesa baeNbinanuM utpAdana thatuM hatuM. 16,000 lene e dvArA rojI maLatI hatI. saMkheDAnuM lAkhakAma vakhaNAya che. mahuvA ramakaDAM mATe jANItuM che. akIka udyoga mATe prAcIna kAlathI khaMbhAta jANItuM che. ratanapuranI khANamAMthI akIka AyAta thAya che. akIkanAM kapa-rakAbI pena-khaDiye, cappAne hAthe, talavAranI mUTha, pepara-veITa pepara -kaTara vagere vastuo bane che. eriMga vIMTI baTana vagere AbhUSaNo paNa bane che tenI AphrikAnA ane yuropanA dezamAM nikAsa thAya che. lagabhaga rU. 20 lAkhanI akIkanI vastu dara varase bane che. '

Page #316
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 291 gujarAtamAM siMcAInI sagavaDa vadhyA pachI bAraDolI gaNadevI ane kaDInAramAM khAMDasarInAM kArakhAnAM astitvamAM AvyAM che. vaDodarA rAjyanA zAsana daramyAna khAMDanuM kArakhAnuM baMdha thaI gayuM hatuM. tyAra bAda navesarathI sahakArI dhoraNe gaNadevI keDInAra bAraDolImAM khAMDasarInAM kArakhAnAM UbhAM thayAM che. 1961 mAM traNe kArakhAnAMomAM 22,619 Tana khAMDasarI pedA thaI hatI. gujarAtamAM magaphaLI tala eraMDA vagerenuM vAvetara thAya che te paikI saurASTramAM 1959-60 mAM 31.16 lAkha ekaramAM tathA taLa-gujarAtamAM 8.05 lAkha ekaramAM vAvetara thayela, jenuM utpAdana 8.5 lAkha Tana thayela. kheDA tathA mahesANA jillAmAM eraMDAnuM utpAdana thAya che. A uparAMta saurASTramAM talanuM vAvetara paNa thAya che. 1959 mAM laghu udyoga nIcenI 261 tela-milamAM 5767 mANasone rojI maLatI hatI. 1960-61 mAM gRha ane laghu udyoga nIce 4,990 ekama hatA. e dvArA 2,830 mANasane moTA dhANa dvArA rojI maLatI hatI. 8,172 loka hAthadhANI dvArA rojI meLavatA hatA. bhAvanagara amarelI rAjakoTa dhorAjI jetapura upaleTA gAMDaLa jAmanagara morabI porabaMdara amadAvAda kapaDavaMja siddhapura surata navasArI Derola meDAsA dAheda vagere enAM kendra che. khoLamAM rahI gayela 8 TakA tela solvanTa eksaTrekazana lAnTa mAraphata meLavAya che. kapAsiyA ane DAMgaranA bhUMsAmAMthI tathA DoLI kharasANI lIMboLInAM bI, kerInI goTalI vageremAMthI paNa hAla tela meLavAya che. akhAdya telIbiyAMnA telano sAbu banAvavAmAM tathA davA vageremAM upayoga thAya che. pirabaMdara morabI samalAyA rakhiyAla bhAvanagara vaDodarA vagere sthaLoe vanaspatinAM kArakhAnAM che. | gujarAtamAM cUnAnA paththaro, ciroDI bekasATa akIka, bAMdhakAmane paththara, benTonAiTa sAITa cAInA-kale phAyara-kale meMgenIjha, raMgIna mATI, mIThuM phelsapAra DolemAITa kavAjha silikA sTiyeTAITa vagere 35,29,198 Tana utpanna thAya che. khanIja tela ane gesa udyoga A kALamAM vikasyo. tApI ane narmadAnA mukhapradeze najIka TaziyarI yuganA khaDakomAMthI aMkalezvara kosaMbA vagere vistAramAMthI tathA tApInA mukha najIka khaMDanI chAjalImAMthI tela ane gesa maLI AvyAM che. agAu ghethA vaDedarA ane jagatiyA(keDInAra) pAsethI gesa maLatuM hatuM, paNa sauthI prathama zArakAma 1948 mAM khaMbhAta najIka luNeja pAse karatAM tela maLI AvyuM hatuM. tyArabAda khaMbhAta kalola navAgAma olapADa aMkalezvara ene kaDI najIka telakSetra rodhAyAM che. aMkalezvaranA 32 co. ki.mI. nA vistAravALA kSetramAM traNa rataromAMthI tela maLyuM che. vaDodarAmAM DabakA najIka telakSetra che. khaMbhAta vistAramAM tela ane vAyu maLI AvyAM che. aMkalezvara telakSetra aMdAje 5.50

Page #317
292 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI karoDa Tana jaththA dharAve che. bAkInAM kaDI-kalola kSetra tathA kheDAnAM kSetromAM doDha karADanu tela che. gujarAtamAM ekaMdare 45 lAkha Tana khanIja telanuM utpAdana thAya che. khanIja tela sivAyanA khanIjanI kimata rU. 5,74,51,000 thAya che, khANu-udyoga dvArA ekAda lAkha lokAne rAjI maLe che. aMkalezvaranA telakSetra dvArA rU. 160 lAkhanuM khanIja tela maLyuM hatuM. gujarAtamAM 1956 nI gaNatarI pramANe 133 lAkha Dhera hatAM. gujarAtanAM tharI kAMkarejI ane gIra olAdanAM gAya ane baLada vakhaNAya che. jApharAbAdI suratI ane mahesANI bhesa vadhu dUdha Ape che. 3,000-5,000 ratala dUdha vetara dITha Ape che. pazudhananI vArSika Avaka rU. 90.89 karoDa che. khetInI kula AvakamAM pazupAlananA hissA 40.4 TakA che. 18 lAkha mANasone pUrA ke ardhA samayanI rAjagArI Ape che, pazudhananI kiMmata rU. 150 karoDa che. mUDInA rAkANu upara 38.6 TakA jeTalA naphe Ape che. sane 1962 mAM pheMkaTarI eNkaTa nIce noMdhAyelAM 3,994 kArakhAnAM hatAM ane emAM 3,70,982 loka rAkAyelA hatA. 1959-60 mAM gRha-udyoganA 1,36,658 ekama hatA te dvArA 3,37,471 mAsAne rAjI maLatI hatI. laghu udyoganA 3,078 ekamo dvArA 48,031 lokone rAjI maLatI hatI. kula kAmadAronI saMkhyA 7,56,484 hatI. udyogeAmAM rokAyelAnu pramANa kula vastInA 10 TakA jeTaluM thAya che. udyoganI dRSTie baMgALa ane mahArASTra pachI gujarAtanA krama trIjo che. gujarAtanA audyogika vikAramAM avarezvarUpa mukhya prazna baLataNanA che. gujarAtamAM kolasA madhya pradeza ane bihArathI relave-mAge' Ave che, dariyA--mAge kalakattAthI paNa kyAreka Ave che. lAMbA aMtarane kAraNe baLataNane kharca vadhAre Ave che. gaeNsanA bhAva rU. 80-100 dasa hajAra kayubika phUTa hato te cAragaNA thaI gayA che. gujarAtamAM ukAI sivAya jaLa-vidyutanI zakayatA nathI. gujarAtamAM 13,559 ekama vIjaLIthI cAle che. pravAhI baLataNa dvArA 5,969 ekama cAle che, jyAre kolasA dvArA 6,492 ekama cAle che. vIjaLI ane kolasA mAMdhAM paDe che. gaeNsa sastA dare gujarAtamAM utpanna thAya che chatAM apAtA nathI, A kAraNe enuM utpAdana kharca vadhe che. bIjo prazna lAkhaDa ane polAda meLavavAne che. pIga Ayana sTIlanI taMgI ijanerI-udyogane satAve che. Ama muzkelI chatAM hAIve uparanA umaragAmathI siddhapuranA pradezamAM ane bhAvanagara rAjakoTa suredranagara ane jAmanagaranAM zahera najIka udyogA khUba jhaDape 1960 pachInAM 25 varasomAM vikasyA che ane 13,000 kArakhAnAMe dvArA rAjI meLavanArAonI sakhyA paNa vadhI che. gujarAtanI 151 jeTalI audyogika vasAhatA tathA udyogane

Page #318
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 293 vividha sarakArI ane sahakArI saMsthAo dvArA maLatI sagavaDo gujarAtanA udyogane sahAyabhUta thaI che. AI. TI. AI tathA cAra ijanerI kolejo dvArA madhya ane ucca kakSAnA kArIgaro-ijanere maLI rahe che. 11. jIvananuM dhoraNa ane mAthAdITha Avaka 1926-28 daramyAna valasADa tAlukAnA aTagAmanI Arthika tapAsa zrI, mukhatyAre karI hatI, pAMca vyaktionA banelA AdivAsI kuTuMbanI vArSika Avaka rU. 285 hatI. jyAre ujaLiyAta varganA kuTuMbanI Avaka rU. 438 hatI. rU. 285 nI AvakamAMthI rU. 208 khorAka aMge ane rU. 40 kapaDAM aMge kharca thayo hato. AdivAsI kuTuMbanuM sarerAza devuM rU. 153 hatuM. ujaLiyAta kuTuMbane kharca varasa daramyAna rU. 361 hate. kherAka ane kapaDAM pAchaLa kharca rU. 246 ane 80 hate. kuTuMbadITha ujaLiyAtanuM devuM rU. 230 hatuM. baMnenI bhegI Avaka gaNavAmAM Ave te kuTuMbadITha sarerAza Avaka rU. 306 hatI, jyAre kuTuMbadITha sarerAza kharca rU. 334 hatA. be cheDA bhegA karI na zakavAne lIdhe gAmamAMthI majUrI karavA anyatra teo sthaLAMtara karatA hatA.3 olapADa tAlukAmAM 1929-32 daramyAna pAMca vyaktionA banelA AdivAsI koLI kaNabI paTela ane anAvila kuTuMbanI vArSika Avaka anukrame rU. 200, rU. 375, rU. 475 ane rU. 550 hatI. khetI karanAra kuTuMbanI vArSika Avaka rU. 282 hatI, jyAre vArSika kharca rU. 375 hate. olavADa tAlukAnA 10 kheDUte paikI 8 pAse Arthika rIte pUruM piSaNa thAya teTalI jamIna na hatI.74 1928-30 daramyAna kheDA jillAnA mAtara tAlukAmAM kuTuMbadITha vArSika Avaka rU. 67 hatI. sane 1951 mAM khetamajUra kuTuMbanI vArSika Avaka rU. 391 hatI. I. sa. 1958-59 mAM A Avaka rU. 500 thI nIce hatI. kheDabrahmA vistAramAM AdivAsIonI mAthAdITha Avaka 1954 mAM rU. 44 hatI te 1958 mAM vadhIne rU. 90 thaI hatI. 45 TakA siMcAI dharAvatA valAsaNa gAmamAM vyaktidITha vArSika Avaka rU. 205 hatI, je paikI 45 TakA dUdhanA vecANa dvArA maLI hatI. udyogamAM kAma karanAra kAmadAranI mAsika mAthAdITha Avaka rU. 25 thI vadhIne 70 thaI hatI. nAnAM kArakhAnAMomAM kAma karanAra kAmadAranI mAsika Avaka bIjA vizvayuddha agAu hatI tenAthI 1945 pachI bamaNI thaI hatI. mila-kAmadAro. saMgaThita heIne teo pagAra uparAMta sArI meMghavArI meLave che. keTalAka kissAomAM dharanI traNa cAra vyakti kAma kare te enI kuMTubanI AmadAnI madhyama varganA zikSaka ke kArakUnanA

Page #319
294 . AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI kuMTuMba karatAM vadhAre thAya che. anya kArIgaronI rejImAM paNa yuddha bAda ghaNe vadhAro. thayo che. yuddha pahelAM emanI mAsika Avaka rU. 7-10 hatI te vadhIne rU. 25-30 thaI hatI. suthAra luhAra darajI senA vagerenI Avaka ghaNI vadhI che. suthAra ane luhAra kArIgaro yuddhanA gALA (1939-45) daramyAna mAsika rU. 100125 meLavatA hatA. Ama saMgaThita kAmadAro ne anya kArIgaronI sthiti sudharI che, paNa khetamajUro ane asaMgaThita kAmadAronI Avaka saMgaThita kAmadArone mukAbale ochI rahI che.... prAthamika zikSakanuM pagAra dhoraNa rU. 20-60 AsapAsa 1947 pahelAM hatuM te vadhIne 40-100 thayuM hatuM, jyAre mAdhyamika zikSakanuM pagAra - dhoraNa 1948 mAM 70-200 thayuM hatuM te pUve' rU. 45-120 nA skelamAM kAma karatA hatA. prophesara rU. 150-200 thI zarU karI 650 sudhI pahoMcI zaktA hatA. zikSaNa khAtAnA pagAra 1919 ane 1961 mAM pharI vadhyA hatA, paNa moMghavArIne kAraNe be cheDA meLavavAnuM kAma nAnA nokariyAte khetamajura vagere mATe muzkela hatuM, sane 1954-55 mAM gujarAtanI vArSika rASTriya Avaka rU. 46.95 karoDa ane mAthAdITha vArSika Avaka rU. ra7ra hatI. rASTriya Avakane mukhya AdhAra khetIvADI tathA pazupAlana upara che. khetInI Avaka paikI pazupAlanane hisso 40 TakA jeTaluM che. sane 1954-55 thI 1959-60 daramyAna gujarAtanI mAthAdITha Avaka rU. 267 thI 326 rahI hatI temAM vadhAro ke ghaTADo mukhyatve khetInI sthiti anusAra thata. comAsuM 1957-58 mAM nabaLuM jatAM sAvakamAM ghaTADo thayela hate. jillAvAra mAthAdITha Avaka 1955-56 mAM 194.9 thI 461.8 hatI. jillAvAra mAthAdITha AvakanA AMkaDA jotAM spaSTa thAya che ke jillAnI AvakamAM asamAnatA ghaNuM che. gujarAtanI A varasanI mAthAdITha Avaka karatAM banAsakAMThA kheDA mahesANA paMcamahAla sAbarakAMThA rAjakoTa junAgaDha surata ane DAMganI mAthAdITha vArSika Avaka ochI che, AthI spaSTa che ke gujarAta samRddha che, vepAra-dhaMdhAmAM AgaLa che, evI mAnyatA bhrAmaka che. kharI rIte paMjAbahariyANA, pazcima baMgALa ane mahArASTra pachI enuM sthAna Ave che. gujarAtamAM 14 TakA AdivAsI, 7 TakA harijane ane 10 TakA itara Arthika pachAta jAtinA che. kula 31 TakA satAvAra rIte pachAta che, jenI mAthAdITha Avaka ghaNI ochI che. gujarAta nahera, rastA, vIjaLInuM utpAdana vageremAM samagra bhArata tathA keTalAka rAjya karatAM pAchaLa che. sastI vIjaLI e gujarAtane prANaprazna che.

Page #320
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 25 pAdaTIpa 9. R. D. Choksey, Economic Life in Bombay-Gujarat, 1800-1939, pp. 185 ft. 2. zivaprasAda rAjagora, arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa (agurAsAMI), pR. 261 3. R.D. Choksey, op. cit., pp. 187 ff. 4. Ibid, p. 189; zivaprasAda rAjagara, gujarAta eka darzana' (gueTa), pR. 38-39 5. rAmalAla parIkha, "gujarAta eka paricaya' (guepa), pR. 515-16 A. B. Trivedi, Post-war Gujarat (PWG), p. 84 6. anurAsAMi, pR. 261 7-. ejana, pR. 265 9. PWG, pp. 50 . 10. agurAsAMI, pR. 265-18 11. guei, pR.101; PNG, pp. 32 ft. 12-13. gueTa, pR. 101-02 14. ejana, pR. 102, 105-7; guepa, pR. 449-50 15. gueTa, pR. 105, 10-08 16. ejana, pR. 111-12; PNG, pp. 41 . 17 gueda, pR. 112-24 18, guepa, pR. 456-57 19. gueTa, pR. 163-64, 211-16 20. ejana, pR. 160-198; guepa, pR. 45-6 21. PWG, pp. 32 . 268 22. gueTa, pR. 269-72, 308 23. ejana, pR. 309-10 25. kapilarAya mahetA, "amadAvAda sarvasaMgraha,' pR. 486-91 24. Gujarat District Gazetteer (GDG), Ahmedabad, pp. 444 f. 24. Souvenier, 42 Science Congress, pp. 234 f. 27. guepa, pR. 670-75 28. gujarAta jillA sarva saMgraha kacerInA saujanyathI; GDG: Vadodara, pp. 420 ft. 29, gueTa, pR. 111; gujarAta jillA sarvasaMgraha kacerInA saujanyathI 30. guepa, pR. 498, 502

Page #321
296 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 31. GDG : Vadodara, p. 327 32. GDG : Kutch. pp. 286 f. 33. AnA vivaraNa mATe juo A. B, Trivedi, Kathiawar Economics, pp. 34 f; zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAtanA vahANavaTAne itihAsa, pU. 62-63, 158-167, 176 ane zivaprasAda rAjagara, gujarAta eka darzana, pR. 281-82 34. 35. gueTa, pR. 22-03 36. PWG, p. 23 37. gueda. pR. 205; agurAsAMI, pR. 250 38. GDG : Kutch, pp. 320 ft. 38.gueTa, pR. 241 40. ejana, pR. 243-45; agurAsAMI, pu. ra60,312 41. agurAsAMI, pR. 312-13; gueTa, pR. 281 42. gueTa, pR. 247-48; guepa, pR. 565 43, guepa, pR. 57 44. ejana, pR. 561-6ra 45. gueTa, pR. 310 46. ejana, pR. 316 89. GDG : Junagadh, pp. 455 f. x. GDG : Rajkot, pp. 318 f.; Surendranagar, p. 361 49. GDG : Surendranagar, p 361 50. GDG : Amreli, p. 275 41. GDG : Panchamahals, p, 378 42. GDG : Surat, p. 515; Kheda. p. 401; Brrach, p. 371; Rajkot, p. 318; Ahmedabad, p. 398 12. GDG : Surat pp. 513 f. 54. gujarAta jillA sarvasaMgraha kacerInA saujanyathI 44. GDG : Brivach. p. 319 44. GDG : Vadodara, pp. 396 f. pa7 guepa, pR. 538 58. kapilarAya mahetA, uparyukta, pR. 518-22 59-60. GDG : Ahmedabad. p. 406 61. GDG : Mehsana, p. 379; Amreli, p. 281 dara, carotara sarva saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 318 43. GDG : Mehsana. p. 379; Amreli, p. 281

Page #322
Arthika sthiti ane vikAsa 297 64. PWG, p. 49; GDG : Bhavnagar, p. 280; Junagadh, p. 461 5. carotara sarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 31820 4. GDG: Panchamahals, p. 381; Surat, p. 492; Ahmedabad, p. 399; Broach, pp. 492 ft; guepa, 5, 467 . 49. Progress of Co-Operative Movement in Gujarat, fp. 8, 10, 14 68, guepa, pR. 46-68 19. GDG : Broach, pp. 349 f; cotara sarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 318 190. GDG : Vadodara p. 394: Bhavnagar, p. 281; Kutch, pp. 277 f. 71. GDG : Broach, pp. 358 f; Surat p. 499; guepa, 5. 468 7ra. AdhAra ane vadhu vigata mATe juo zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAta eka darzana, pR. 64-65, 77-78, 116-17, 149-65, 170-77, 180210, 214-216, 21-23, 226-28, 231-34, para526, 546, 553-54; rAmalAla parIkha, gujarAta eka paricaya" pR. 31316; A, B, T:ivodi, Post-War Gujarat, pp. 89, 157 ff. 03. G. C. Mukhtyar, Life and Labour in South Gujarat Village, pp. 221 ff. 08. J.B. Shukla, Life and Labour in Gujarat Taluka, pp. 268 ff. 71. PWG, pp. 220 f.

Page #323
pariziSTa bhAratamAMnA anya pradezamAM tathA videzamAM gujarAtIo 1971 nI vastI-gaNatarI mujaba bhAratanAM badhAM rAjye paikI mahArASTramAM gujarAtIonI sa MkhyA sahuthI vadhu (13.88 lAkha) che. e paikI eklA mu`baImAM 11 lAkha jeTalI che. pUrvAMcala pradezAmAM Azare traNa lAkha gujarAtIonI sakhyA paikI ekalA lakattAmAM 1 lAkha jeTalI sa MkhyA hovAnA aMdAja che. tamiLanADumAM lagabhaga 2 lAkha ane madhyapradezamAM DheDha lAkha jeTalA gujarAtI che. gAvAmAM paNa 60 hajAra jeTalA gujarAtI che. bAkInA anya pradezeAmAM gujarAtIonI saMkhyA pramANamAM ochI che. erissA(ula)mAM thayelI 1962 nI eka paddhatisaranI gaNatarI pramANe 11,parara gujarAtI vyakti utlamAM vasatI hatI.ra uparanI gaNatarIe 1961 thI 1970 daramyAnanA vastIvadhArAne lakSamAM letAM gujarAta bahAra bhAratanA pradezamAM gujarAtIonI hAla sa MkhyA 1960 mAM saheje 20 lAkha aMdAjI zakAya. dariyApAranA 142 dezomAM vasatA bhAratIyeAnI saMkhyA a Mge tA. 24-7-80nA rAja bhArata sarakAra taraphathI rajU thayelA nivedana anusAra A deze paikI amerikAmAM 3 lAkha bhAratIya jaNAvyA che. yunAiTeTa TeTsanA sensasa byUroe ApelA a dAja pramANe eziyAI bhAratavAsIonI saMkhyA (3,61,544)mAMnA ghaNA moTA bhAga gujarAtIone che." keneDAmAM 1 lAkha 75 hajAra bhAratIyA paikI 1 lAkha gujarAtI adAjI zakAya. yu. ke. mAM 5 lAkha bhAratIyo paikI 3 lAkha gujarAtI aMdAjI zakAya. AphrikA khaMDamAM, kenyA (1 lAkha), yugAnDA jhaDIra jhAMbiyA sAmAliyA yuthApiyA dakSiNa-AphrikA, mAreziyasa mADAgAskara vageremAM thaIne kula 10 lAkha gujarAtI hatA. A uparAMta phIjI siMgApora jApAna oNsTreliyA ane pUrvanA anya pradezamAM 1 lAkha jeTalA gujarAtI aMdAjI zakAya. pAkistAnanA pazcima pradezAmAM khAsa karIne gujarAtI bhASA eTalatA sidhIne gaNatarImAM letAM A aMdAja pAMca lAkha jeTalA vAstavika gaNAze. Ama gujarAta bar3Ara lagabhaga 20 lAkha gujarAtI videzamAM ane 20 lAkha gujarAtI bhAratanA judA judA pradezAmAM gaNIe to kula 40 lAkha gujarAtI bRhad vizvamAM vasavATa karatA hatA ema gaNAya.

Page #324
bhAratamAMnA anya pradezamAM tathA videzamAM gujarAtIo 299 orissAmAM vasatA gujarAtIonI vastIgaNatarInAM nAma saranAmAM sahitanI eka mArgadarzinI(DirekaTarI) tyAMnA klArasika gujarAtI agraNI zrI bAbulAla dazIe thoDAM varSo pUrve prasiddha karI che." AphrikA ane pazcimI dezomAM vasatA bhAratIyo paikI 70 TakA gujarAtI che ane emAMya meTuM pramANa saurASTranuM che. enuM kAraNa gujarAtanA saurASTravistArane saMprApta thayelI bhaugolika anukULatA che. arvAcIna samayamAM paNa sva. nAnajI kALidAse AphrikAne aMdhArakhaMDa kheDI tyAM vepAra-udyoga khIlavyAM ne vikAsanI gaMgA AphrikAmAM utArI e emanI AtmakathAmAMthI sarasa rite chatuM thAya che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe dakSiNa AphrikAmAM raMgabheda sAme laData vikasAvI satyAgrahanuM amogha zastra zodhyuM, jeNe bhAratane AjhAdI apAvI. Ama bhAratanA svAtaMtrya-jaMganA udayamAM paNa bahAra vasatA gujarAtI leka kAraNabhUta banyA che. bhaugelika anukULatA uparAMta vepAra kheDavAnI ane khIlavavAnI bhAvanA tathA AvaDatanA kAraNe paNa gujarAtIone dUra javA preryA. kaccha saurASTra ane taLa-gujarAtanA kinArA dUra pahoMcyA ane sImADA dUra gayA tema paradezamAM ane gujarAta bahAra dezamAM paNa khUNe khUNe nAnAM nAnAM gujarAta racAtAM cAlyAM. dakSiNa bhAratamAM vasatA saurASTriyenI kula vastInA 30 TakA(75,000) mANasa ekalA madurAImAM rahe che, madurAInA A "dabhAsau" leke sivAyanA bIjA leke dakSiNa bhAratanAM nAnAM moTAM 47 keMdromAM vase che. madurAInA saurASTrie rohIbeTIne vyavahAra vizeSataH madurAI pUrato sImita rAkhe che. vaNATakAmanA niSNAta tarIke emaNe haju Aja sudhI vaNakarane pitAne vyavasAya jALavI rAkhe che ane chatAM emanAM kuTuMbanAM nAma brAhmaNonAM che ane Aje paNa eo saurASTra brAhmaNa' tarIke oLakhAya che. pUrva bhAratamAM orissA jevA prAMtamAM te na kapI zakAya tevA nAnakaDA gAmaDAmAM ekaladokala gujarAtI vepAranI hATaDI bolI besI gayele maLe che. kalakattA dhanabAda cAbakhAro jamazedapura Asanasola rAMcI paTanA dilhI jayapura muMbaI pUNe nAsika kelhApura vageremAM gujarAtI vizALa saMkhyAmAM vasyA che. muMbaInI gurjara-garimA sAMskRtika kSetro gujarAta karatAM paNa kaMIka vizeSa jovA-jANavA maLe. gujarAtI nATaya-pravRttinuM mosALa eTale muMbaI gujarAtI patrakAratvanuM pArANuM muMbaImAM ja baMdhAyuM che. audyogika ane vepArI kSetre muMbaIne gujarAta

Page #325
kuMka AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mahArASTriya prajAne khabhe khabhA milAvI zakyo che. muMbaInA gujarAtIoe vaiyaktika rIte paNa mahattvanA bhAdAra haddA bhagavyA che. videzamAM khAsa karIne pUrva AphrikAnA kenyA yugAnDA (IdI amIne sane 1972 mAM bhAratIyonI hakAlapaTI karI tyAMsudhI) vagere dezomAM gujarAtIonAM vaibhava-pratiSThA lagIre osaryA nahotAM. nairobI kampAlA membAsA jevAM kedromAM gujarAtIo atyaMta vaibhavI ane sukhI jIvana gALI rahyA che ane eoe vepAraudyogamAM agraNI sthAna prApta karyuM che. moTA bhAganA gujarAtI baMgalAo ane suMdara makAnamAM rahe che ane moTarakAra tathA viDi-seTa dharAve che. AphrikAnA arthataMtranA pAyAmAM gujarAtIone ja parase reDAyo che. amerikA duniyAne dhanADhya ane samRddha deza che. tyAM paNa gujarAtIonI garimA pAMgaratI jAya che. sArAye yu. esa. e. mAM gujarAtIo patharAyelA che. cUka philADelphiyA kelipheniyA mizigana DeTroITa zikAga vageremAM gujarAtIonI meTI vastI jAmI che. sAMje laTAra mArIe te gujarAtI parAonI jhAMkhI thAya. lanDananA gujarAtIo mATe kahevAya che "heTelsa, moTelsa ane paTelsa" jyAM juo tyAM jovA maLe. lanDanamAM gujarAtIonI janasaMkhyA ghaNI moTI che. briTanamAM gujarAtI vepArIo kArIgare Tekaniziyane DokaTaro ane zikSako ghaNA che. lanDanamAM vasatA gujarAtI ghaNA samRddha ane sukhI che. sudAna jevA nAnakaDA dezamAM paNa pAMca hajAra jeTalA gujarAtI vase che. tyAMnAM zaheramAM gujarAtI zALAo che. sAMskRtika pravRttio, saMsthAo, navarAtrautsa vagere cAle che. phIjImAM lagabhaga 50 hajAra gujarAtI che, je sthAnika prajAnI vacce sArAM mAna-mobho dharAve che ane vepAra tathA vahIvaTamAM mukhyataH joDAyelA che. eo sukhI ane samRddha che. tyAM gujarAtIo pArlAmenTamAM cUMTAyA che, adhyakSa ane nANAmaMtrI sudhInA mahatvanA pedA sudhI pahoMcyA che. hoMgakoMgamAM prathama janArA gujarAtIomAM khojA vaherA ane pArasIo mukhya che. hoMgakoMgamAM gujarAtIoe hospiTala nizALe ane seneTeriyama baMdhAvyAM che. hoMgakoMgamAM prathama meDikala koleja banAvavAne suyaza gujarAtIone phALe jAya che. hoMgakaeNgamAM gujarAtI esoziyezana paNa che. nyUjhIlenDamAM ATha hajAra gujarAtI vasyA che, jemAM moTA bhAganA dakSiNa gujarAtI che. ahIM paNa gujarAtI zALAo che ane gujarAtaNe gujarAtI pozAka pahere che ane gujarAtI raheNIkaraNI pUrvaka jIve che.

Page #326
bhAratamAMnA anya pradezAmAM tathA videzAmAM gujarAtIo 301 gujarAtIonI eka viziSTatA e che ke emaNe je je pradezamAM vasavATa karyA che ane jo tyAM gujarAtIonI 100 mAsethI vadhu vastI thaI che. te e sthaLe emaNe potAnA samAja sthApyA che, keLavaNI ma`DaLA UbhAM karyAM che, zALAo ane davAkhAnAM paNa zarU karelAM che, uparAMta dharmasthAnA UbhAM karavAmAM paNa emane sAro sAtha rahelA che. dilhI AgrA ajamera iMdara ujjaina jakhalapura nAgapura lakattA hAvarA durgApura rAMcI paTanA cAsameAkhArA dhanabAda AsanasAla gaiAhATI haidarAbAda sikadarAbAda madrAsa puNe kolhApura nAsika kheMgalora madurAI ratalAma rUrakelA rANIgaMja vijayavADA sAMgalI sAlApura jayapura udepura jodhapura vagere samasta bhAratanAM sthaLee 206 jeTalA gujarAtI samAja astitvamAM che. uttara amerikAmAM judAM judAM rAjya ane zaheramAM 38 gujarAtI samAjo sthapAyA che ane tyAM nAtha' amerikana gujarAtI samAjanu pheDarezana astitvamAM AvyuM che. lanDanamAM paNa parAMomAM vasatA gujarAtI samAjonuM pheDarezana sthApavAmAM AvyuM che. dilhI madrAsa haidarAbAda sika MdarAbAda AsanaseAla paTanA kaTaka jayapura Ira vagerenA jevA vizALa samAjoe lAkhA rUpiyAnA kharce' peAtAnAM bhavananu nirmANu kayu` che. A samAjo adyatana sagavaDa-saMpanna atithigRha paNa calAve che. sAgarapAranAM svapna sevatA gujarAtIoe dariyApAranA dezamAM aneka sAhasagAthAo racI che te paikI porabadaranA sva. nAnajI kALidAsanu nAma mekhare che. gujarAtanA A sAhasavIra vepArIe gujarAtanAM sAhasa ane kunehanI A suvAsa AphrikAmAM phelAvI che. 13 varSoMnI kumaLI vaye vahANamAM emIne paradeza kheDavA nIkaLelA nAnajIbhAInuM vahANu raste teAphAnamAM sapaDAyuM ane e mADAgAskaranA ajANyA TApu para jaI caDayA. chevaTe memmAsAmAM paga mUkavo, jhAMjhIbArane kinArA kheDayo, vepAra vikasAvyA. yugAnDAnI relave bAMdhavAmAM anya gujarAtI sAthe bhAga Apyo. nairAkhImAM tathA jItamAM vepAra kheDayo ane e nagarA vikasAvyAM, syugaramila nAkhI (1924) hiMdI vepArIonA hakanI laData ApI, jIterIe nAkhI, kapAsanI khetI prathama vAra tyAM dAkhala karI, bagIcAo vikasAvyA, rastA khAMdhyA, TAMgAnikAmAM sAhasa Ayu, lugAjhI syugara pheMkaTarI nAkhI, mereziyasa joyuM, yuropane pravAsa karyAM, japAnanI saphara karI, khUba kamAyA, khUba dAna karyu ane e karoDathI vadhu rakamanuM dAna karI 'dAnavIra' tarIke 5 kAyA. AphriAkA khaMDamAM evAM bI... sAhasavIra gujarAtI kuTu emAM "caMderiyA grupa" ane "mAdhavANI grupa" ghaNAM moTAM nAma kahI zakAya. ca MderiyA grupa

Page #327
302 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI taraphathI 23 dezAmAM 120 udyogAnI sthApanA thaI che. enA saMcAlaka nairobImAM rahetA zrI manubhAI ca MderiyA che ane AMtararASTriya gujarAtI udyogapati tarIke emaNe pratiSThA prApta karI che. te mULa jAmanagaranA che. emanA pitAzrI 1914 mAM kenyAmAM dhaMdhAthe gayelA. mULajIbhAI mAdhavANIe 1929 mAM kakarAmAM khAMDanuM kArakhAnuM nAkhyuM. evAM ja yazasvI nAme sva. membrajI petharAja, mAdhavI kuTuMbanA zrI manubhAI ane jayaMtIbhAI mAdhavANI vagerenAM che. lanDanamAM vasatA kavizrI DAhyAbhAI paTele gujarAtI bhaktakavionAM amara bhaktipadone a MgrejImAM anUdita karI, gra Mthastha karIne gujarAtI-a MgrejI bhASAnI sArI sevA karI che. 1922 mAM jhAMjhIbAra ane pempAmAM gujarAtIonI mAlikInA 165 ane 158 laviMganA bagIcA hatA.9 bhAratanI audyogika pratiSThAnA puraskartA ane AjanA adyatana jamazedapuranA sthApaka zrI jamazedajI tAtAe dezanu prathama sTIlanuM kArakhAnuM sthApavAnI pahela karI. eka pArasI gujarAtI tarIke audyogika kSetramAM emanu pradAna gauravazALI gaNAyuM che. lAkSetramAM orissAnA sAMskRtika ane sAmAjika vikAsamAM noMdhapAtra yogadAna ApanAra gujarAtI agraNI zrI bAbubhAI dozInuM pradAna nAnu sUnu na gaNAya. nRtya sa MgIta ane nATaya tathA ene lagatAM vividhakSetroe kAya' karatI orissAnI eka mAtra pratinidhi-sa sthA "kalAvikAsa keMdra"nI sthApanA kaTakamAM zrI bhANubhAI dezIe 1952 mAM karI hatI ane e dvArA eThiyA nRtyaktAne punaHjIvana Apyu che. oDiyA bhASAmAM calacitrakSetre philma-proDayusara tarIke emaNe rAjyanA ane rASTriya puraskAro meLavyA che. pUrvAMcala vistAramAM evI khIjI eka pratibhAzALI vyakti che zrI giradhArIlAla mahetA, jemaNe kalakattAmAM zaNa-udyogamAM agrima sthAna prApta karyuM che. gujarAtI gujarAtanI bahAra mAtra paisA kamAvA ja nahi, paNa sevAnI alakha jagAvIne para-prAMtamAM dhUNI dhakhAvI hoya evI vyaktimAM erissAnA satA pU. pUrabhAI, pU. jIvarAmabhAI, pU. IzvarabhAI, pU. ThakkarabApA, bihAranA saMta zrI bhagavAnadAsa, nAgAlaeNnDamAM Aje paNa prajAnA kalyANamAM rata evA zrI naTavaralAla ThakkaranI pravRtti gujarAta bahAranA gujarAtIonI saMvAparAyaNatAnI zAkha pUre che.

Page #328
303 bhAratamAMnA anya pradezamAM tathA videzamAM gujarAtIo deza paradezamAM vasavATa karatA lAkhe gujarAtIo-DokaTare vakIla ijanere cATa-ekAunTanTa prAdhyApake zikSake vijJAnIo, patrakAratvakSetre agraNIo, menejiMga DirekaTare temaja kalA saMgIta nitya nATayakSetre ane khAnagI temaja sarakArI saMsthAomAM karmacArIo ane adhikArIo tarIke ema aneka kSetromAM patharAyela che ane emAMnA ghaNAoe viziSTa sthAna ane mahattA paNa prApta karyA che. 10 pAdaTIpa 1. Project Report of International School of Dravidian Linguistic . Association for the year 1976, p. 1 2. gujarAta paricaya" (orissAmAM vasatA gujarAtIonuM vastIpatraka sahitanuM | mAhitI pustaka), pR. 32 3. bhAratanI saMsadamAM ela esa. nyUjha naM. 5460 tA. 24-7-80 thI prastuta thayelI praznottarI daramyAnanI mAhitI x. India Abroad, Vol. XI, No. 44 5. "gujarAta paricaya', upayukta 6. me. kagAMdhI, "dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa' pR 251-56 7. IzvaralAla ra. dave, "dakSiNa bhAratanA saurASTrIo,' pR. 21-24 8. zivaprasAda rAjagora, "gujarAtanA vahANavaTAne itihAsa," pR. 227 9. ejana, pR. 227-28 10. Gujarat International ne aMke tathA vizvagujarI evorDa -vizeSAMka

Page #329
prakaraNa 9 keLavaNI (1) AjhAdI pahelAM zikSaNane prasAra tathA vikAsa ogaNIsamI sadImAM aMgrejI zikSaNane pracAra thatAM pAzcAtya vicAra sAhitya ane saMskRtinuM AkramaNa zarU thayuM ane emAMthI ApaNA samAjajIvanamAM nava jIvanane saMcAra thaze.' vIsamI sadInA prathama dasakAmAM leDa karjhananI nItithI enI sAme dezamAM eka joradAra rASTravAda jAgrata thaye. A rASTravAde zikSaNane bane teTaluM bhAratIya banAvavAnI mAgaNI karI. mAtRbhASAne agatya ApavAnI tathA ItihAsane rASTrabhAvanA ane bhAratIya daSTithI zIkhavavAnI mAgaNI UThI. vIsamI sadInA AraMbhamAM hiMdanI ane gujarAtanI asmitAne udaya tha ane rASTriya zikSaNanA prAga thayA. navI (sarakArI) keLavaNImAM mAhitI saMgraha jevuM jJAna apAtuM. zikSaNa lenAranI buddhi vikase ke enI zakti pUrepUrI khIle evI khAsa vyavasthA emAM nahatI. vaLI, bauddhika vikAsa prati jeTaluM lakSya apAtuM teTaluM emane udyogadhaMdhA, vepAra - rojagAra, vijJAna-yaMtravidyA, khetI ane klAkauzalanuM zikSaNa ApavAnI kazI ja tajavIja thatI nahi, mAtra sarakArane upayogI thaI paDe tevA kArakane UbhA karavA e ja aMtargata hetu emAM daSTigocara thato. e zikSaNa-paddhatimAM vadhAre zocanIya bInA e hatI ke vidyArthImAM dezanA gaurava mATe mAna ane prema Upaje evuM kaMI paNa zIkhavAtuM na hatuM. paradezanAM ItihAsa sAhitya ane saMskRtithI ApaNe vidyAthI vAkepha heya, paNa hiMdanA itihAsanA mahattvanA banAvo, enA sAhityanA amaragraMtha, ke dezanirmAtA evA mahApuruSonAM caritrothI e ajANa hoya. vaLI, taTasthatAne nAme jIvanane unnati ane sukhazAMtinA paMthe deratA dhamanA zikSaNane cAlu keLavaNImAMthI bakAta rAkhIne ApaNI prajAne pArAvAra nukasAna pahoMcADavAmAM AvyuM.

Page #330
305 keLavaNI Ama chatAM, gujarAtamAM A navI keLavaNI pAmela vidvAna vargane kAraNe sAhityamAM paMDitayuganAM pagaraNa maMDAyAM. A keLavaNInA pariNAme dezamAM AvelI pragatie prajA-keLavaNInA praznane mokhare A ka...5 apUratI, paNa cakAsa arthavyavasthAvALI ane kamabaddha dharaNavALI prAthamika keLavaNInI prathA ApI te aMgreja amalanI eka moTI bheTa hatI. keLavaNInI navI pravRttinA bhaNakAra gujarAtamAMya saMbhaLAyA. sva. raNajita rAmanI pravRtti ane preragA(1908)thI I. sa. 1916 mAM pahelI keLavaNI pariSada amadAvAdamAM bharavAnuM banI zakyuM. A pariSade gujarAtamAM rASTriya keLavaNI kaI rIte thAya enA tabakkA rajU karyA. emAM prAthamika keLavaNI, kanyAkeLavaNI ane zikSakonI tAlIma tathA sarvAgINa keLavaNInI carcA thayelI che e pahelAM I. sa. 1913 mAM aMbAlAla sAkaralAla ane AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruve gujarAta ejyukezana sosAyaTInI sthApanA karI, emaNe mAtRbhASA dvArA keLavaNIne bahoLe pracAra karavAnuM bhagIratha abhilASa sevele, paraMtu I. sa. 1914 mAM aMbAlAlanuM avasAna thatAM A kArya adhUruM rahyuM, e ja vAta uparyukta keLavaNI pariSadanA riporTamAM jaNAvAI che ke ApaNI mAtRbhASA dvArA keLavaNI kevI rIte saMgIna thaI zake te vicAravuM, upAya zodhavA ane sarakArane sUcavavA. A pariSadanA pramukha zrI cimanalAla setalavADe kaheluM ke gujarAta keLavaNImAM keTaluM pachAta che, ane ajJAnane aMdhakAra temAM haju keTale vyApI rahela che, tene jarA khyAla karaze te sAruM. gujarAtamAM dara eka hajAra mANase 117 mANase ja gujarAtI lakhI vAMcI zake che, emAM strInuM pramANa te ghaNuM ochuM Avaze. A paripada prAthamika keLavaNI vize lemata jAgrata karavA kaheluM ? I. sa. 1914-18 mAM prathama vizvayuddhathI yuropanI prajAoe sarvanAza netaryo ane vizvamAM bhAgyeja kaI prajAo enI kAtila vizvavyApI asaramAMthI mukta rahI haze. enI cinagArI sarvatra UDI hatI. enA pariNAme meMghavArI vadhI. (hiMdI) sarakAre karakasara zarU karI ane keLavaNIne sahevuM paDayuM Dekkana ejyukezana sosAyaTI'nI preraNA laIne sane 1912 mAM suratamAM "sArvajanika ejyukezana sosAyaTI' ane 1916 mAM ANaMdamAM "carotara ejyu. kezana sesAyaTI' sthapAI. I. sa. 1915 mAM gAMdhIjI dezamAM AvyA. emanI prabhAvazALI ane AkarSaNavALI netAgIrIne kAraNe gujarAta ane hiMdamAM jAgRtine juvALa UDyo,

Page #331
306 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jenI asara keLavaNInA vikAsa para paNa paDe che. emaNe kahyuM, "samagra rASTranuM gujarAta jIvanta rASTriya aMga banaze ane rASTriya unnatinA bhagIratha AraMbhamAM mAnabharyuM sthAna leze. emaNe gujarAtanI sva-dezInI caLavaLamAM prANa pUryo ane rASTriya keLavaNIne atha Ape. kharI rIte te nUtana keLavaNInI havA rASTrapitA gAMdhIjInA pravezathI ja thaI.10 I. sa. 1917 mAM bIjI keLavaNI pariSada gAMdhIjInA pramukhapade bharUcamAM thaI tyAre pramukha tarIke emaNe gujarAtImAM vyAkhyAna ApyuM ane pariSadanuM kAmakAja bIjA divasathI gujarAtImAM ja karIne mAtRbhASAnuM gaurava vadhAryuM. emaNe jaNAvyuM, "ApaNI mAtRbhASAnuM sAcuM gaurava dharAvatA thaI nahi te kadAca ApaNane svarAja maLe te tene sAru ApaNe lAyaka thaIzuM nahi.'bIjI pariSadamAM ThakkarabApAe gAmaDAMnI prajA ane aMtyaje mATe vadhAre zALAo sthApavAne sarakArane Agraha karyo hato. gujarAtamAM keLavaNImAM sAhityamAM ane jIvanakSetre gAMdhIyuganAM maMDANa zarU thayAM. I. sa. 1918 mAM gujarAtamAM "strI keLavaNI maMDaLanI sthApanA IdulAla yAjJike amadAvAdamAM karI. I. sa. 1920 sudhI gujarAtamAM sarakArI pAMca koleja cAlatI hatI. A pazcAdabhUmikAmAM gujarAtamAM vIsamI sadInA bIjA dasakAmAM keLavaNInA keTalAka prayoga thayelA enI TUMkI neMdha laIe.12 nRsiMhaprasAda bhaTTa I. sa. 1910 mAM "dakSiNAmUtichAtrAlaya". sAthe vinayamaMdira zarU karyuM. A chAtrAlayanA gRhapati tarIke e dhamarata ane sevAparAyaNa sAdhupuruSe kolejanA adhyApakane UMce hedo cheDIne vidyArthIo bhegA rahevAnuM ane emanA jIvanamAM otapreta thavAnuM ucita dhAyuM, emane nirNaya saMsthAne tema ja ubhayane lAbhadAyI nIvaDyo.13 emaNe vinayamaMdiramAM mAtRbhASA dvArA zikSaNa ApyuM. e sAthe dharma saMgIta kaLA ane Itara pravRttio, jevI ke sabhAo meLAvaDA pravAsAdine sthAna ApyuM. saMsthAmAM samartha bALakeLavaNIkAra, gijubhAI-girajAzaMkara ja. badhekA, jemane gujarAta "muchALI zikSikA' paNa kahe che, temanA 1920 thI zarU thayelA pUrva-prAthamika zikSaNanA prayogane kAraNe bAlamaMdira-pravRtti vikasI ane gujarAtamAM enA prasAranuM AMdolana zarU thayuM. ene paDadhe hiMdamAM bIje paNa paDaze. A saMsthAmAM AjIvana sabhya tarIke raNajitarAma mahetAe paNa joDAvAne manoratha sevela.

Page #332
keLavaNI 307 - I. sa. 1920 mAM keLavaNInA mukta prayoga karavAne avakAza vadhAravAne A saMsthAe muMbaI yunivarsiTInI maeNTrikanI parIkSAnuM dhyeya cheDayuM. enA vinayamaMdiranI suvAsa gujarAta bahAra prasarelI. ravIndranAtha TAgora ane gAMdhIjIe e joyelI. A saMsthAe bAla-zikSaNa ane bAla-sAhitya kSetro navI bhAta pADatAM pustakonAM sajana-prakAzana karyA che. keLavaNIne bIjo dhapAtra prayoga gujarAtamAM peTalAda beDiMga hAusa'nuM saMcAlana karatA kartavyaparAyaNa ane kAryadakSa mukhya zikSaka zrI motIbhAI amIne karyo. emanuM sauthI mahattvanuM kArya pustakAlaya pravRttinA pitA' tarIkenuM che, je emaNe 1906 mAM zarU kareluM. gujarAtamAM monTesarI paddhatinuM prathama bAlamaMdira 1915 mAM emaNe vaso(tA. peTalAda)mAM sthapAveluM. emaNe carotara ejyukezana sosAyaTInI sthApanA(I. sa. 1916) mAM mahattvane phALe Ave ane zikSaNamAM sahAyarUpa thAya tevAM keTalAMka pustaka prasiddha karyA amadAvAdanI prAyaTarI hAIskUlamAM paNa A arasAmAM rASTriya zALA gaNAtI. enA sthApake jIvaNalAla dIvAna ane balubhAI ThAkare gujarAtanA jAhera jIvanane ghaNA tejasvI vidyAthI AvyA che.14 gujarAtane ghaDavAmAM enA zikSakane moTe phALo che. gujarAtamAM mAtra kolejanA adhyApako ja nahi, mAdhyamika zALAnA zikSako paNa uttama pAkayA che.15 gAMdhIjIe zramanuM gorava karatI ane jivAtA jIvana sAthe saMdhAna keLavatI zikSaNa paddhatine puraskAra karyo. emaNe dakSiNa AphrikAmAM karelA keLavaNInA prayoga amadAvAdanI AzramazALAmAM cAlu rAkhyA. keLavaNInA prayoga aMge pote karelA akhatarAonA pariNAme teo nIcenA nirNaya para AvelA : (1) svabhASAmAM-gujarAtI mAraphate ja keLavaNI ApavI. (2) rASTrabhASA tarIke hiMdI-hiMdustAnInI dezane jarUra che. (3) bauddhika zikSaNa jeTalI ja svAzrayI keLavaNInI jarUriyAta che, jene sarvAgI keLavaNI kahevAya ne jemAM vividha udyoge zIkhavAya. (4) akSarajJAna ApatAM pahelAM bALakane citrakAma ApavuM, e sAthe bhajana-prArthanA dvArA saMgItanA saMskAra vikasAvavA.* (5) keLavaNInuM yeya vidyArthInuM cAritrya ghaDavAnuM ane ene uttama nAgarika banAvavAnuM che. A eka ja muddo sauthI mahattvanuM gaNAya.

Page #333
308 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gAMdhIjI daDha saMkalpavALA ane siddhi athe saMpUrNa Agraha dharAvanAra eka samartha vyakti hatA.8 I. sa. 1919 mAM emaNe asahakAranI caLavaLa zarU karatAM prajAne cAlu zALAo choDavAnI hAkala karI ane te mATe navI rASTriya zALAo khelI, jemAM hajAro vidyAthI joDAyA. A zALAomAM udyogo tarIke kAMtaNa-vaNATa, suthArIkAma, khetI-bAgakAma, saphAI, rasoI vagere zIkhavAtAM. AvI rASTriya zALAo satyAgraha-Azrama (sAbaramatI), rAjakeTa, vaDhavANa ane moDAsAmAM zarU thayelI. I. sa. 1920 mAM gUjarAta vidyApITha'nI gAMdhIjIe sthApanA karI. tene dhyeyamaMtra A vidyA yA vimu (mukti apAve te vidyA) hato. vidyApIThamAM AzramazALA ane vidyApITha vacce kaDIrUpa vinayamaMdira zarU thayuM. vidyApIThamAM dharma(sAmAnya) ane nIti, porasya bhASAonuM zikSaNa ane purAtatvamaMdira jevAM navAM tattva umerAtAM gayAM. gAMdhIjIe A sarvAgI keLavaNI dvArA mAnasika bauddhika ane tArkika ema beThADu keLavaNI ja nahi, paNa zArIrika mAnasika bauddhika bhAvAtmaka tema rASTriya jIvanane upayogI ane vyavasAyI kauzala sAthenI svAzrayI keLavaNI ApatA prayoga paNa karyo. gujarAtamAM I. sa. 1925 mAM bhAvanagaramAM keLavaNI maMDaLa' sthapAyuM ane I. sa. 1927 mAM amadAvAda la saMsAyaTInI sthApanA thaI. kalAguru ravizaMkara rAvaLe kalAsaMdha ane citrazALAnI sthApanA I. sa. 1934 mAM karI ane I. sa. 1935 mAM gAMdharva mahAvidyAlaya' zarU thayuM. e ja sAlamAM amadAvAda ejyukezana sosAyaTI sthApAI, teNe amadAvAdamAM komarsa, Asa sAyansa vagere kolejo zarU karI. A saMsthAne A kelejoe ghaNI pratiSThA apAvI che. enA AcAryo-adhyApake e gujarAta yunivarsiTInA ghaDataramAM mahattvano phALo Ape che. sane 1937thI mAtRbhASAnuM zikSaNa pharajiyAta banyuM. I. sa. 1930 thI 1947 nA gALAmAM amadAvAda vaDodarA surata bhAvanagara rAjakoTa naDiyAda peTalAda navasArI vagere zaheromAM Asa sAyansa ane komarsanI vadhu navI koleja khulI. amadAvAda ane vaDodarAmAM lanI ane meDikala koleja sthapAI. Ama gujarAtamAM ucca vidyAnI kaleje vadhI tathA emAM uttarottara viSayavaividhya vadhyuM.

Page #334
keLavaNI 309 1939 mAM amadAvAdanI gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIe ucca abhyAsa ane saMzodhana aMgene anusnAtaka vibhAga zarU karyo. 1946mAM . va. saMsAyaTIe gujarAta vidhAsabhA' nAma dhAraNa karyuM ne ene anusnAtaka vibhAga . je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana rUpe vikasya. I. sa. 1930 thI 1947 nA gALAmAM agrejI mAdhyamika zALAonI saMkhyA vadhI, aMgrejI bhASA ane zikSaNa tarapha lekenI abhiruci vadhI. prAthamika zALAonI saMkhyA 1945 mAM 9,337 thI vadhu hatI." mAdhyamika zALAonuM saMcAlana khAnagI maMDaLo dvArA thatuM. mAdhyamika ane prAthamika zALAomAM zArIrika zikSaNa, ramatagamata, vakatRtva harIphAI vagere itara pravRttio thavA lAgI. zikSaNa vize prajAmAM jAgRti AvatAM zaheramAM jJAti chAtrAlaya khUlyAM. AjanA zikSaNane pAyo 1939-40 mAM naMkhAyo.21 naItAlIma I.sa. 1920thI 1930 mAM naItAlIma athavA buniyAdI zikSaNa ApatI rASTriya zALAo khUlelI, e pachI becAsaNamAM vallabha vidyAlaya', veDachImAM svarAja Azrama', naDiyAdanAM viThThala kanyA vidyAlaya ane AMbaLA(bhAvanagara)mAM "prAmadakSiNAmUti" saMsthA zarU thaI. AMbaLAmAM buniyAdI zikSaNa pachInI uttara buniyAdI zALA paNa zarU thaI pachI AvI saMsthAo marelI bAraDelI gaMdI vagere sthaLoe paNa vikasI. I. sa. 1930 mAM asahakAranI laData cAlu thatAM sarakAre gUjarAta vidyApIThanI samagra saMsthAne sIla mAryA. prajAe sarakArI zALAono bahiSkAra karyo. khAnagI zALAo grAnTa letI nahi ane nirIkSaNa karavA detI nahi. sarakAre zikSakonI badalI ane chaTaNI vagere zarU karyuM, paNa emAM e niSphaLa gaI. I. sa. 1937 mAM vardhA yojanA ke naI tAlIma-jene gAMdhIjIe potAnI uttama bheTa kahI che te prajA pAse mUkI. I. sa. 1938 mAM rASTriya keMgrese hariparAmAM tene svIkArI. prAMtika sarakAroe ene amala karavAnuM svIkAryuM (1939). ene hetuM svAzrayanuM mahattva, udyoganuM zikSaNa, ene abhyAsa sAthe anubaMdha temaja svarAjya ane svAvalaMbananA Adarzone tathA keLavaNunAM ahiMsAmUlaka mUlyone prasAra karavAne hate. I. sa. 1937 nI 1939 mAM prAMtIya sarakAre e keLavaNInA kSetre sudhArA karavA tathA gAmaDAonI zALAo tema zikSakamAM vadhAre karavAnA prayatna karyA tathA zikSaNane lagatI Arthika sahAya vadhArI. muMbaI prAMtamAM mukhyamaMtrI zrIkhere prauDha

Page #335
310 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI zikSaNa kheDa nI racanA jugatarAmabhAI davenA adhyakSapade karI ane mubaI prAMtamAM sarakAranI sahAyathI prauDha zikSaNanuM tema pachAta vargAnA uddhAranuM kA' zarU thayuM. I. sa. 1938 mAM khIju vizvayuddha zarU thatAM prAMtIya sarakArAne hiMdI sarakAre rada karI ane karakasaranA pagalA tarIke keLavaNInA kharca'mAM kApakUpa karI.22 I. sa. 1942 thI 1945 daramyAna 'hiMda cheDA' AMdolanamAM gujarAte sakriya bhAga lIdhe tethI zikSaNanI pravRtti sthagita thaI. A gALAmAM I. sa. 1943 mAM hiMda sarakAre keLavaNI aMge sArjanTa kamizana racelu, jeNe prAthamikathI ucca vidyA sudhInA zikSaNane sudhAravA keTalIka bhalAmaNA karelI, jene amala yuddhottara samayamAM thayA. prauDha zikSaNa prauDha zikSaNamAM prauDha vayanAM strI-puruSone akSarajJAna tathA sAmAnya jJAna apAya che. te emane udyogo tathA sAMskRtika pravRttimAM rasa letAM karAya che. 1915 pachI vaseAmAM ane peTalAdamAM motIbhAI amIne rAtrizALA kholelI te 1939 sudhI cAluM hatI ane vasamAM eka paNa vyakti akSarajJAna rahita na rahe tyAM sudhI e cAlI. 1924 mAM amadAvAda bharUca kheDA ane paMcamahAla jillAmAM 11 rAtrizALA hatI. pharajiyAta zikSaNa mATe sayAjIrAve, goMDaLa rAjye temaja viThThalabhAI paTela, setalavADa, geAkhale, rahematullA vageree noMdhapAtra kAma karelu. pachI gAMdhIjIe paNa A pravRttimAM rasa lIdhe. gijubhAI-nAnAbhAI ane manubhAI paMcolI-'daza ke' dakSiNa:mUti dvArA bhAvanagaramAM, jugatarAmabhAI davee veDachImAM ane DaoN. lekhake pAMcamahAlamAM prauDha zikSaNa zarU karelu tathA e mATe vAcanapothI ane anukULa parIkSA-paddhatio vikasAvI hatI. vaDodarA rAjye prauDha zikSaNanI paNa sAdhana-sAmagrI vikasAvelI. 1937-39 daramyAna prAMtIya sarakAroe muMbaI rAjyamAM prAMtika prauDha zikSaNa meDa'' racIne enA pramukha tarIke jugatarAmabhAI davene mUkyA hatAM. A samitie prauDhAnA abhyAsakrama, prathama ane dvitIya zreNImAM bhAgIkaraNu, sAdhanemAM phrAnasa gyAsatela sleTa-pena ane pustakonI sahAya tathA vidyAthI dITha rU. 4.25 anukrame prathama ane dvitIya zreNI mATe Arthika sahAya ApelI. vizvayuddha zarU thatAM A yojanA baMdha thaI te svarAjya maLyuM tyAM sudhI baMdha rahI. i. sa. 1937 mAM muMbaI rAjyamAM 'prauDha zikSaNa khaDa' racAyuM hatuM ane gujarAtanI peTAsamitinA pramukha zrI jugatarAmabhAI dave hatA. prauDha zikSaNanA

Page #336
: keLavaNI 311 abhyAsakrama che zreNImAM dhaDAyeA ane amalamAM mUkAyA. 1942 nI laDatane lIdhe A pravRttinI hAsa thayeA.23 gujarAtamAM zikSaNa saMmelana I. sa. 1946 mAM nAnAbhAI bhaTTanA pramukhapade naDiyAdamAM thayuM, eNe prAthamika keLavaNI tathA prauDha-zikSaNa a Mge muMbaI sarakArane bhalAmaNa karelI.24 zArIrika zikSaNa aMbubhAI purANI vagerenI preraNAthI gujarAtamAM 1913 thI ThekaThekANe vyAyAma zALAo thaI hatI. 1928 mAM naDiyAda mAM 'prathama vyAyAma pariSada' thaI. 1938 mAM 'zArIrika keLavaNI kheDa'' sthapAyuM. 1950 mAM rAjapIpaLAmAM 'TubhAI purANI vyAyAma mahAvidyAlaya' zarU karAyuM.... vyAvasAyika zikSaNa vaDodarAmAM 'kalAbhavana' 1890 thI hatu. pATaNamAM 1912 mAM 'AyuMve dika vidyAlaya' zarU thayeluM. amadAvAdamAM 1921 mAM 'laoN kaoNleja' zarU thaI. 1921 mAM 'Ara.sI. Tekanikala skUla' amadAvAdamAM ane eka 'Tekanikala' skUla' vaDodarAmAM zarU thaI. emAM vastravidyAnA TekaniziyanAnu`, sivila ane mikenikala enjiniyariMganA DiplomAnu tathA IlekaTrikala phriMTiMga vagerenuM vyavasAyI zikSaNa apAtuM. 1923 thI 1946 sudhImAM AvI zALAonu pramANa vadhAravA vividha kamizanAe bhalA maNa karelI, para Mtu ene joIe teTalA vyApa thayA nahi. suratamAM lo phaoNleja' 1935 mAM sthapAI. 1938 mAM ANudamAM 'kRSi govidyA bhavana' sthapAyu, jemAM 'kRSi mahAvidyAlaya'ne samAveza thAya che. 1946 mAM sarakAre poliTekanika zALAo' zarU karavA vicAyuM, jenI zarUAta gujarAtamAM 1957 mAM thaI25 1946 mAM suratamAM AyurvedanI ane amadAvAdamAM IjanerInI kaoNleja sthapAI. strI-zikSaNa gujarAtamAM strI-zikSaNanuM rASTriya mahattva oLakhanAra ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha ane AcAya AnaMdazaMkara dhruva hatA. I. sa. 1915 mAM mahiSa' kave e strIo mATenI koleja zarU karI, je pachI zrImatI nAthIbAI dharamazI ThAkarasI yunivarsi*TI' mAM pariNamI. enI zAkhAe gujarAtanAM cAra nagarA-amadAvAda, vaDodarA, surata ane bhAvanagaramAM sthapAI. emAM strIe aMgenA khAsa viSaya vikalpe apAtA ane mAtRbhASAmAM zikSaNa apAtuM. gAMdhIjIe strI zikSaNanI AvazyakatA para bhAra mUkayo. khetInA sAtha na maLe tyAM sudhI samAja kadI UMce caDhavAnA nathI, I. sa. 1937 mAM prAMtIya

Page #337
312 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sarakAroe strI keLavaNIne vega ApavA prayatna karyA, paraMtu, yuddha zarU thatAM e kAya` aTakI gayuM26 kanyAo mATenI alaga prAthamika zALAonI tathA mAdhyamika zALAonI saMkhyA vadhatI rahI ane strIe mATenI alaga kaoNlejo paNa sthapAI temaja sahazikSaNa ApatI zALAo tathA kaoNlejomAMya chekarIo vadhu ne vadhu sakhyAmAM dAkhala thatI rahI. pariNAme gujarAtamAM strI zikSaNanA vyApa vadhyo. zrImatI nA. dha. ThA. yunivarsi`TI' mAM strIne maLatI viziSTa savalatA anya yunivarsi*TIemAMya pracalita thatAM vimensa yunivarsiTInu mahattva cADuM ghaTayuM. vinayana vANijya ane vijJAna jevI vidyAzAkhAmAM vidyAthInIe noMdhapAtra sa MkhyA dharAvavA lAgI temaja parIkSAnAM pariNAmeAmAM paNa agrasthAna dharAvatI thaI. pUrva-prAthamika zikSaNa gijubhAI badhekAe zikSaNanA prayAga gujarAtamAM ja nahi, bhAratamAM paNa sava' prathama karIne keLavaNInI meTI sevA karI che.27 emanI athAga jahematathI gujarAtamAM maoNnTesarI paddhatinA bAlazikSaNanI pravRtti zarU thaI ane gujarAtamAM vyApaka banI. pUrva-prAthamika zikSaNamAM gujarAtamAM e paddhati pracalita thaI e pahelAM kinDaragATana paddhati pramANenI 'bAlavADIe' sthapAI, jemAM bAlamAnasanA vikAsa mATe ramata ane ramakaDAMne prAdhAnya ApavAmAM Avelu. vaDedarA rAjye A pravRttine lokapriya banAvavAmAM vipula phALe ApelA. bIjI paddhati che monTesarInI. 1914 mAM zrI saralAdevI sArAbhAInuM dhyAna e pratye kheMcAyeluM. zrI motIbhAI amInanI preraNAthI darabAra gopAladAse 1915 mAM vase(tA. peTalAda)mAM A paddhatinI zizuzALA zarU karI. emAMthI preraNA laIne gijubhAI badhekAe bhAvanagarata 'dakSiNAmUti' saMsthAmAM 1920 mAM bAlamadira' sthA'yu. pUrva'-prAthamika zikSaNa mATe zikSakone tAlIma ApI emaNe A zikSagupte gujarAtabharamAM vyApaka banAvyuM. gijubhAIe ane tArAbahene bAlasAhitya aMgenAM pustaka lakhyAM. 1925 mAM gujarAtamAM 'monTesarI sadha' sthApyA. 1950 mAM mekrama maunTesarI gujarAtamAM AvyAM. 1960 sudhImAM gujarAtamAM 300 thI vadhu bAlamadira sthapAyAM. pU prAthamika adhyApana-maMdirAnI saMkhyA vadhIne 200nI thaI.28 carotara ejyukezana seAsAyaTI'e I. sa. 1916 pachI ane vaDodarAmAM I. sa. 1918 nI AsapAsa kinDara-gATa"na paddhatie bALazikSaNanA prayAga karyA te bAlavADI' ke 'AMgiNavADI' tarIke oLakhAya che.29

Page #338
keLavaNI 313 gijubhAIe ane emanA sAthIoe bAlazikSaNamAM navI bhAta pADatAM pustaka racIne enuM prakAzana karyuM che. jugatarAmabhAI davee paNa keTaluMka bAlasAhitya racyuM che. bALaka mATe eka bAlamitra' mAsika vaDedarAthI prakAzita thatuM. gAMDIva prakAzane paNa keTaluMka bALavArtAsAhitya prasiddha karyuM che. vaDodarA rAjya taraphathI bALajJAnamALA prasiddha thaI che. A zikSaNe samagra zikSaNane keTalAMka pAyAnAM mUlya ApyAM che. jevA ke (1) bALaka ane vidyAthI e cetanAne puMja che. e vikAsane jhaMkhe che ane svayaMskRtithI zIkhe che. (2) egya vAtAvaraNa sarjIne ene vikAsanI svayaM taka ApavI. (3) bALaka ke vidyAthI sAthe mAnathI ane sArI rIte vyavahAra karavo. (4) bALakane sarvAgI vikAsa karavA ene sava Idriye mana ane buddhinI pravRttio ApavI. citra saMgIta udyama ane udyoga karAvavA tathA sabhA carcAsaMvAdo vArtA meLAvaDA ramato ane paryaTana-pravAsAdi javAM. prAthamika zikSaNa 1914-18 nA gALAmAM pahelA vizvayuddhane lIdhe sarakArI anudAna ghaTI jatAM prAthamika zikSaNanA vikAsamAM oTa AvI. prAthamika zALAnA abhyAsakramamAM keTalAka navA viSaya umerAyA. zikSako mATe niyata pagAranI jagyAonI prathA zarU thaI. 1916 mAM amadAvAdamAM pahelI "gujarAtI keLavaNI pariSada thaI teNe prAthamika zikSaNa aMge keTalAka mahattvanA TharAva karyA. pharajiyAta prAthamika zikSaNa, rASTriya zALA aMtyajonuM zikSaNa ane kanyA keLavaNI aMge vicAraNA thatI rahI, 1921-25 daramyAna amadAvAda surata ane naDiyAdanI nagarapAlikAoe sarakArI keLavaNu khAtAne aMkuza pheMkI devAnI koziza karI ne rASTriya zikSaNa ApatI zALAo zarU karI. grAmavistAranI prAthamika zALAo jillA seksa borDa nIce muka I. 1923 thI dareka nagarapAlikA ane jillA beDamAM zALAmaMDaLa sthapAyuM. pharajiyAta ane maphata prAthamika zikSaNanA siddhAMta para vadhu ne vadhu vicAraNA thatI rahI. vaDodarA rAjya tathA keTalAMka pragatizIla zALAmaMDaLoe ene amala karyo. 1937mAM muMbaI ilAkAmAM koMgresI pradhAnamaMDaLa sattA para AvatAM prAthamika zALAonI saMkhyA mAM dhaNe vadhAro thayo 1947 nA prAthamika zikSaNa dhArA anusAra jillA zALAmaMDaLa lokala borDathI svataMtra banyuM. bIjA vizvayuddha daramyAna moMghavArI vadhavAthI tathA pharajiyAta zikSaNa dAkhala thavAthI prAthamika

Page #339
314 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI zikSaNanA kharcAmAM sAro vadhAro thayo. 1946 mAM pharajiyAta prAthamika zikSaNanI vaya 7-12 gaNavAmAM AvI ane ene abhyAsakrama cAra varSane rakhAya.30 prAthamika zALAnA zikSakone tAlIma ApavA mATenI TreiniMga kolejo amadAvAda, vaDodarA ane rAjakoTamAM hatI. 1917-18 mAM vaDodarA rAjya AvI saMsthAo navasArI amarelI ane pATaNamAM kholI. naDiyAda gedharA bharUca ane suratamAM paNa TreiniMga lejo zarU thaI. AmAMnI keTalIka kolejo 121 37 daramyAna nANAMkIya bhIDane kAraNe baMdha karAI mAdhyamika zikSaNa 1920-21 mAM gujarAtamAM mAdhyamika zALAo kula 27ra hatI ne emAM ekaMdare lagabhaga 40 hajAra jeTalA vidyArthI hatA. 1920 pachI amadAvAda kheDA paMcamahAla bharUca ane surata jillAomAM tathA saurASTramAM kula 39 rASTriya mAdhyamika zALAo sthapAI je gUjarAta vidyApITha sAthe saMlagna hatI. mAtR. bhASAnuM mAdhyama, kAMtaNa vagere udyoga ane hiMdInuM zikSaNa enAM viziSTa lakSaNa hatAM. 1924 pachI rASTriya zALAonI saMkhyA ghaTI gaI. 1947 sudhImAM gujarAtamAM mAdhyamika zALAonI saMkhyA uttarottara vadhIne 438 jeTalI thaI gaI, jemAM savA lAkhathI vadhu vidyAthIo hatA. have mAtRbhASA ke prAdezika bhASAne zikSaNanA mAdhyama tarIke svIkAra thaye. gujarAtI have maeNTrikanI parIkSAmAM pharajiyAta viSaya banI. 1937 pachI khetIvADI Tekanikala ane vepArI viSe zIkhavAvA lAgyA. ucca zikSaNa 1914mAM gujarAtamAM mAtra cAra koleja hatI, amadAvAda vaDodarA bhAvanagara ane jUnAgaDhamAM. 1917 mAM suratamAM ema. TI. bI. koleja thapAI 1921mAM gUjarAta vidyApIThane janma thayo. 1939mAM rAjakoTamAM dhamendrasiMhajI Asa koleja sthapAI. amadAvAda surata vaDodarA jUnAgaDha bhAvanagara ane rAjakeTanI kolejomAM vijJAna vidyAzAkhA zarU thaI. navasArI peTalAda ane vallabha vidyAnagaramAM koleja sthapAI. gujarAtanI kolejo tyAre muMbaI yunivarsiTI sAthe saMlagna hatI. gujarAtanI yunivarsiTI nI mAgaNI dinapratidina vadhatI gaI 1943 mAM gujarAta vidyAsabhAe A mATe gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya maMDaLa" sthApyuM. svabhASAmAM zikSaNa - be gabhaMganI laData vakhate svadezI bhAvanAne vikAsa thatAM navI zarU thayelI rASTriya keLavaNInI saMsthAomAM svabhASAmAM zikSaNa ApavAnI zarUAta thaI.

Page #340
keLavaNI 315 gujarAtamAM keLavaNI vize je ciMtana thayuM ane je pravega thayA temAM paNa svabhASAnuM mahatva sarve e svIkAreluM. I. sa. 1916 mAM gujarAta keLavaNI maMDaLe' ane raNajItarAme mAtRbhASAmAM zikSaNanI himAyata karelI. I. sa. 1917 mAM bIjI keLavaNI pariSadamAM adhyakSa gAMdhIjIe pariSadanuM saMcAlana gujarAtImAM karIne gujarAtanuM gaurava vadhAryuM. I. sa. 1919 mAM rASTriya zALAoe ane 1920 mAM gUjarAta vidyApIThe ucca zikSaNa sudhInA tamAma stare mAtRbhASA gujarAtIne svIkArI." "zarUthI Akhara sudhInuM keLavaNanuM vAhana gujarAtI ja hovuM joIe evuM vidyApIThanA baMdhAraNe nepyuM che. vidyApIThamAM gujarAtI pharajiyAta viSaya hate. paraprAMtI mATe gujarAtIne saraLa abhyAsakrama rAkhela. 1928 thI hareka parIkSAnA praznapatro ane uttara gujarAtI ke hiMdImAM ApavAno niyama paNa vidyApIThe karela. A mATe prAthamika zALAthI vidyApIThanA sava viSayanAM pAThya pustaka gujarAtImAM prasiddha thavA lAgyAM 1922 thI zarUAtamAM 60 pustaka ane 1929 sudhI mAM 161 pustaka prasiddha thayAM. 32 maharSi kara dvArA zarU thayelI mahilA yunivarsiTImAM paNa mAdhyama svabhASA hatuM ane enI gujarAtamAMnI cAra kolejo svabhASAnA zikSaNanA mAdhyamane lAbha letI hatI. 1916 thI 1919 sudhI dhoraNa 4 thI 7 sudhI aMgrejI bedhabhASA hatI, 33 mAdhyamika zALAmAM Ama chatAM prathama traNa dhoraNomAM aMgrejI sivAyanA viSaya mAtRbhASA ke prAdezika bhASAmAM zIkhavAtA.34 I. sa. 1925 mAM mAtRbhASAnA abhyAsane ziSTabhASAnA vikalpa tarIke maeNTrikamAM sthAna maLyuM. I. sa. 1937 thI maeNTrimAM ItihAsa bhUgoLa ane saMskRtanA praznapatronA uttaro mAtRbhASAmAM ApavAnI chUTa maLI.35 I. sa. 1939 mAM vijJAna aMge chUTa maLI, tyArabAda gaNita aMge chUTa maLI Ama I. sa. 1947 sudhI mAM gujarAtI bhASA mAdhyamika tabbake bedhabhASA banI.36 ucca vidyAnA kSetre I. sa. 1944 sudhI badhabhASA aMgrejI ja hatI.37 rASTrabhASA hiMdI-hiMdustAnI gAMdhIjIe 1920 mAM gUjarAta vidyApITha' ane "vinayamaMdiramAM tathA rASTriyazALA'mAM hiMdIbhASA sAthe mizrita udUvALI hiMdustAnI bhASA zIkhavavAne Agraha rAkhele ane teo ene rASTrabhASA" kahetA.38 , A pahelAM kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA' 'hiMdI'ne dareka prAMtamAM pracAra karatI hatI. gujarAtamAM enuM mukhya kendra amadAvAdamAM hatuM ane Aje paNa

Page #341
316 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI che. e snAtaka kakSAnI kevida' nI DigrI Ape che ane e pachI "vizAradanI DigrI tathA e pachI tAlImInuM pramANapatra Ape che. I. sa. 1936 thI gUjarAta vidyApIThe rASTrabhASA pracArArthe khAsa yojanA karI tenAM pAThayapurata ane gujarAtI-hiMdustAnI keza taiyAra karyA ne pracAranuM kAma upADayuM. e snAtaka kakSAnI DigrI ane pachInI "vizArada'nI hiMgrI Ape che. AvuM kArya vardhA dvArA paNa thAya che, ane gujarAtanA vilInIkaraNa pahelAM saurASTra racanAtmaka samiti (1960 sudhI) vardhA sAthe saMkaLAyelI hatI. samagra gujarAtamAM ane bhAratamAM A saMsthAe hiMdI-hiMdustAnI rASTra bhASAnAM kedra taLa gAmaDAMo sudhI vistaryA che. pAThaya pustako prAthamika zALAo mATe sarakAra gujarAtI bhASAmAM pAThaya pustako taiyAra karAvatI ane gAmaDAMnI zALAomAM AjhAdI maLI tyAM sudhI e cAlatAM. geMDaLa tathA vaDodarA rAjya pitAnI zALAo mATe jAte pustako taiyAra karAvelAM. ogaNIsamI sadInA aMta sudhI mAdhyamika zALAnA upalA dhoraNomAM pAThatha pustake aMgrejImAM cAlatAM. baMgabhaMga pachI rASTriya zALA zarU thaI teoe gujarAtImAM e pustakanAM bhASAntara karyA ane navA paNa racyAM. A kArya khAnagI rAhe bhAvanagara amadAvAda surata bharUca jevAM nagaramAM thayuM. gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTIe keLavaNI khAtAMnI sUcanAthI (I. sa. 1892 mAM) kanyAzALAo mATe pustaka racAvI prasiddha karelA. varnAkayulara sosAyaTI mAtRbhASA dvArA zikSaNa para bhAra mUkatI. eNe I. sa. 1904 sudhImAM traNa tabakake gujarAtI bhASAmAM upayogI anuvAda ane navAM pustaka prasiddha karelAM 40 I. sa. 191ra mAM aNe gujarAtI zabdakoza ane e ja arasAmAM pUnAmAM gujarAtI jJAnakoSa (ktakara)nA be graMtha bahAra paDyA. vaDodarAnA gAyakavADI rAjya paNa gujarAtImAM vividha viSayamAM aneka pustaka taiyAra karAvyAM. carotara ejyukezana sosAyaTI" "dakSiNAmUrti prakAzana saMsthA" "yAjIrAva jJAnavAcanamALA' ane geMDaLa rAjyanI prakAzanasaMsthAe bAlakeLavaNI, sAhitya ane upayogI pAThyapustaka I. sa1910 thI 1920 mAM tauyAra karAvI prasiddha karelAM. I. sa. 1920 mAM gUjarAta vidyApITha sthapAtAM AvuM kAma gUjarAta vidyApIThe paNa zarU karyuM.

Page #342
317 keLavaNI gUjarAta vidyApIThe prAthamika zALAnI cAlaNa gADIthI mAMDIne snAtaka kakSAnA vinayana temaja vepAra-vANijya vidyAnAM 1929 sudhImAM pahelAM 60 ane pachI 161 pAThya pustaka prasiddha karelAM. A uparAMta gujarAtI-hiMdustAnI tathA zabdAvalInA rUpamAM joDaNI koza (1929) paNa taiyAra karAvyA. je pachI gujarAtI bhASAmAM ane gujarAtamAM sarvasvIkRta thayAM. hiMdustAnI hiMdI mATenAM vinIta-vizArada ane tAlImanA pustaka paNa eNe taiyAra karAvelAM je ghaNIkharI khAnagI zALAomAM Aja sudhI cAle che. (2) AjhAdI pachI AjhAdI pachInA pravAha - 1947mAM bhAratane svataMtratA maLI e sAthe eka navo smRtine odha UThe tenI jhalaka keLavaNI-kSetre paNa dekhAvA lAgI. I. sa. 1947 thI 1960 nA svAtaMtryottara gALAmAM keLavaNIne pracAra lagabhaga dviguNita thaye ane emAM viSaya-vaividhya paNa puSkaLa vadhyuM. sane 1947 nA kAyadAthI zALAmaMDaLathI lekabeDa alaga thayuM. zALAnuM grAnTanuM gheraNa sudhArIne vadhu udAra banAvAyuM. pUrva-prAthamika zikSaNa svarAjya maLyA pachI peTalAda-vaDodarA AsapAsa 100 jeTalI bAlavADIAMgaNavADI cAlatI hatI. amadAvAda surata vagere nagaromAM bAlamaMdirane pracAra vadhu hate. saurASTra mAM 11 bAlamaMdira cAlatAM hatAM. gujarAtanAM nAnAM moTAM nagaromAM bAlamaMdira-bAlavADI calAvavAnI pravRtti vadhI che. Aje che sarakArI ane be khAnagI adhyApana maMdiro-tAlImI zALAo cAle che. prAthamika zikSaNa rASTriya keMgrese zikSaNakSetre ane saMskArakSetro varita pragati karavA svabhASAne ja mukhya AdhAra gaNI ane videzI ke parabhASAne vyavahAra tathA zikSagunA mAdhyama tarIke dUra karavA prayatna karyA sarakAre bALako mATe 14 varSanI vaya sudhInuM prAthamika zikSaNa pharajiyAta karyuM tethI zALAmAM bharatI 15 TakA thatI te 23.7 TakA vadhI.41 I. sa. 1947 thI lagabhaga naI tAlImanI 2,412 thI vadhu zALA cAle che. sarakAre prAthamika zikSamAM naI tAlIma arthAt pAyAnI keLavaNIne svIkArI che. A zALAomAM kaMtAmaNa vaNATa bAgakAma khetI suthArI kArDaborDa vagerenA udyoga zIkhavAya che. prathama

Page #343
318 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI be paMcavarSIya janAomAM AvI zALAo 50 TakA vadhAravAnuM lakSya rAkhela che. A uparAMta aneka khAnagI prAthamika zALAmAM paNa gujarAtamAM cAle che. yuddha pahelAM muMbaI prAMtamAM 4.1 TakA zikSaNa hatuM ane bhaNI zake tevAM 15 TakA bALake zikSaNa letAM emAM nIce pramANe vRddhi jovA maLI che 43 1947 pachI- prAthamika zALAonI emAM bhaNatAM bALakonI saMkhyA saMkhyA taLa-gujarAta 7,685 9,94,860 saurASTra 3,358 2,19,718 20,811 537 kula 11,580 kula 12,35,389 1945 mAM kula 9, 337 zALA ane 891,029 vidyAthI hatA, je vadhIne A saMkhyA 1960-61 mAM 18,512 ane 18,20,569 nI thaI.44 AmAM amadAvAda vaDedarA surata kheDA ane mahesANA jillAmAM prAthamika zALAo vadhu hatI. banAsakAMThA sAbarakAMThA ane paMcamahAla jillAomAM zALA onI saMkhyA ochI hatI 45 paraMtu, sarakAranI sudharelI keLavaNInI nItine kAraNe 500 thI vadhu vastIvALA dareka gAmamAM zALA kholavAnuM ane enAthI ochI vastIvALA gAmamAM pravAsI zikSakanI zALA cAlu karavAnuM nakakI thayeluM. AthI, 1961 mAM gujarAtamAM kula 18,902 prAthamika zALAo hatI; ane temAM naItAlImanI zALAo 5,414 hatI. uparyukta zALAomAMthI 18,500 gujarAtI-bhASI ane 402 anyabhASI-siMdhI marAThI hiMdI vagere mAdhyamavALI hatI lUlAM mUgAM bahelAM ane AMdhaLAM jana mATe 1960 sudhI mAM 17 saMsthAo astitvamAM AvI. prArabhamAM ahIM saMskRta pAThazALAone paNa protsAhana apAyuM. 1960 sudhImAM gujarAtamAM prAthamika zALAonA zikSako mATenAM adhyApana-maMdironI saMkhyA vadhIne 64 nI thaI mAdhyamika zikSaNa 1947 mAM gujarAtamAM mAdhyamika zALAonI saMkhyA 438 hatI te vadhIne 1960 mAM lagabhaga 800 jeTalI thaI. 47 amadAvAda surata kheDA ane mahesANA jillAomAM enI saMkhyA vizeSa che. mAdhyamika zALAomAM uccatara kakSAe

Page #344
keLavaNI 319 mukhya sAta viSayo uparAMta anya viSayo vaikalpika dheAraNe zIkhavAya che. emAM mAtRbhASA pharajiyAta che. AThamA dheAraNathI aMgrejI ke hiMdI vaikalpika bhASA tarIke ane tamAma dhAraNathI sa MskRta bhASA bIjI bhASA tarIke zIkhavAya che. A uparAMta nAmu aMkagaNita TAipa-rAITiMga, Tekanikala viSayo, khetI - geApAlana kalAe ane upayogI kalAnA viSaya paNa vaikalpika viSaya tarIke rAkhI zakAya che. zALAe sAthe prayogazALA ane vaka zApa-paddhatinA vadhu upayoga thAya evI sAnTa yojanA(1946)e bhalAmaNu karelI, vaLI saMgrahasthAna ane pustakAlaye zarU karAya tevI paNa bhalAmaNa karelI. zikSaNamAM Tekanika-audyogika zikSaNa ane kalAnA viSaya vadhe ema paNa eNe sUcaveluM. madhyastha sarakAre 1954 mAM senTrala skUlanI yojanA karI dezanA dareka jillAmAM AvI eka zALA mukhya mathake zarU karavAnuM nakkI karelu. te pramANe gujarAtamAM AvI nava zALA zarU thaI che.48 A zALAone gra MthAlaya ane aMtara sAdhanA mATe 10 thI 15 TakA grAnTa vizeSa maLe che. kanyAo mATenI mAdhyamika zALAonI saMkhyA vadhIne 101 thaI. 'bhAvanagara-dakSiNAmUti'mAM gijubhAI-nAnAbhAIe bAlamaMdira ane vinayamamaMdiramAM kumAra-kanyAone sahazikSaNa ApavAnI zarUAta karelI. 1957-58 mAM gujarAtamAM mizra zALAomAM 61 TakA kanyA zikSaNa letI e neMdhapAtra che.49 Ama chatAM gujarAtamAM samagra tabakake keLavaNImAM apavyayanu dhAraNa UcuM che e khedajanaka che.dhAraNa pahelAmAM 2/3 vidyArthI ene apavyaya thAya che. emAM kula cheokarAonA 56 TakA ane kula chekarIonA 62 TakAnA apavyaya thAya che. sarakhAvA bhAratanA apavyayanA TakA :50 I. sa. 1931 thI 196 0-61. 1931-32 1941-42 1946-47 1950-51 1960-61 80.8 TakA 70 TakA 5.0 TakA 6.3 TakA 66.8 TakA mAdhyamika zikSako mATenI prathama bI.TI. koleja gujarAtamA vaDodarA rAjye khAlI hatI. 199 pachI eneA jhaDapI vikAsa thayo. amadAvAdamAM 1952 mAM e. jI. TIcarsa koleja zarU thaI. porabaMdara vallabhavidyAnagara rAjakoTa bhAvanagara vagere sthaLAe paga AvI kalendre bI.TI.' te sthAne bI.eDa.' upAdhi apAve che. 1956 mAM buniyAdI keLavaNI mUlyAMkana kamiTI nimAyelI teNe badhA ja zALAnuM buniyAdIkaraNa karavA bhalAmaNlR karelI, dvitIya pacavarSIya yojanAmAM

Page #345
320. AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 50 TakA buniyAdI zALAo vadhAravAne sarakAre lakSyAMka rAkhe ane e mATe Arthika sahAya vadhAravAnuM vicAreluM. Ama chatAM kula prAthamika zALAonA pramANamAM buniyAdI zALAonI TakAvArI nIce pramANe rahI che : buniyAdI sola u. buniyAdI tAlIma zALAo 1951 15.9 TakA 2.1 TakA 15 TakA 1956 15.4 , 22 3 , pa ka 1961 21.2 30.2 ) 70 ) A zALAo khAnagI zikSaNamAM vyApaka thaI nathI ane ene lemAnase pUrepUrI svIkArI nathI. koThArI paMce vijJAna ane TeknolojInI madadathI samAjanI navaracanA karavAnI bhalAmaNa karI ene kAraNe naI tAlImane vikAsa rUMdhA tathA I. sa. 1957 thI vividhalakSI zALAo ane poliTekanike zarU thayA. vaLI, navI tarAha nIce mAnavavidyA uparAMta vijJAna vyApAra-vANijya kRSi-pazupAlana gRhavijJAna Tekanikala viSaye lalitakSA TAIpa-rAITiMga nAmuM aMkagaNitAdi vaikalpika viSaye vadhatA ane vikAsa lagabhaga sthagita thayo che. vividhalakSI zALAone hetu dhaMdhAdArI zALAone nahi, paNa dhaMdhAkIya abhigama UbhuM karavAnuM che. e neMdhapAtra che ke 1955-56 mAM AvI vividhalakSI zALAo 46 Ta hatI te 1960-61 mAM 18.8 TakA thaI che. trIjI paMcavarSIya yojanAmAM rAjya ene vadhu vistAravAnuM nakkI karyuM che. I. sa. 1954 thI dezamAM zikSaNa sAthe ena. sI. sI.(N.C.C.)nI vatanA dAkhala thaI che ane 196ra pachI ene pharajiyAta karI che. svarAjaya prApti pachI akSarajJAna pAmelI vastImAM TakA 51 puruSo 1951 taLa-gujarAta 34. 9 TakA 14. 6 TakA 2629 TakA 10.23 TakA 1961 taLa-gujarAta ane saurASTra - 19.10 TakA zaheramAM kula 50 TakA thI ochuM pramANa che. strIo saurASTra

Page #346
321 keLavaNI ucca zikSaNa svarAjya maLyA pachI dezamAM ucca zikSaNanI pratiSThA vadhI che ane A zikSaNa lenAranI saMkhyA paNa vadhI che. I. sa. 1948 mAM yunivarsiTI-zikSaNa aMge vicAravA "rAdhAkRSNana paMcanI bhArata sarakAre racanA karelI. A kamizane dezanAM vizvavidyAlayane snAtakanA DigrI-abhyAsakrama mATe traNa varSa rAkhavA sUcavyuM. vaLI, janarala ejyukezana ane dhArmika zikSaNa ApavAnI paNa bhalAmaNa karelI. 1947 mAM naDiyAdamAM vijJAna-vinayana koleja zarU thaI. 1953 mAM amadAvAdamAM bIjI vinayana koleja umerAI. 1958 mAM pATaNamAM koleja zarU thaI. 1954-55 mAM vinayana vijJAna ane dhaMdhAdArI zikSaNa ApatI kolejonI saMkhyA 22 nI hatI. 1955 mAM bharUcamAM eka ane amadAvAdamAM be traNa vinayana kolejo khUlI. kolejonI saMkhyA 1959-60mAM 85 ane 1960-61 mAM 96nI thaI. e paikI 40 vinayana-vijJAnanI ane 38 vyAvasAyika zikSaNanI hatI. ucca zikSaNamAM 30 TakA guNanuM AMtarika mUlyAMkana dAkhala karAyuM. grAmINa vistAramAM lokabhAratI grAmajIvanane anulakSIne zikSaNa ApatI saMsthA che. vaDodarAmAM 1949mAM meDikala koleja sthapAI. Ayurveda meDikala kaeNleja 1951 mAM Arthika taMgIne kAraNe baMdha paDelI te naDiyAdamAM pAchI cAlu thaI. 1947 mAM amadAvAdamAM ela. ema, phArmasI koleja astitvamAM AvI. 1948mAM valabhavidyAnagaramAM bIralA vizvakarmA vidyAlaya zarU thayuM. 1951 mAM morabInI Tekanikala skUla ijanerI koleja-rUpe vikasI. 1956 mAM rAjakoTamAM le koleja zarU thaI. 1961 sudhImAM vANijyanI ATha kaleja hatI. I. sa. 1947 mAM pI. Ara. ela (phijhikala risarca leboreTarI)nI sthApanA yunivarsiTI vistAramAM thaI enI pAse ja aTirA (amadAvAda TekasaTAIla InDasTrIjha risarca eseziyezana) vastravidyAnuM saMzodhana kArya kare che.' svAtaMtryottara gujarAtamAM traNa yunivarsiTI anukrame mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI 1948 mAM vaDedarAmAM, gujarAta yunivarsiTI 1950 mAM amadAvAdamAM ane saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela vidyApITha (pAchaLathI saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI nAma pAmelI ) 1956 mAM vallabhavidyAnagara(ANaMda pAse)mAM zarU thaI. I. sa. 1953 thI naI tAlIma pramANe uttara buniyAdI pachI ucca vidyAnuM zikSaNa ApatI grAmavidyApITha lokabhAratI leka zikSaNa ane kRSinA vizArade taiyAra kare che. 21

Page #347
322 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM zikSaNanuM mAdhyama tathA vahIvaTanuM mAdhyama kayuM rAkhavuM e ugra vivAdane prazna banyuM. prAdezika netAo ucca zikSaNamAM hiMdI mAdhyama rAkhavAne Agraha dharAvatA. yunivarsiTI seneTe bhAre bahumatIthI pahelethI zikSaNa tathA vahIvaTanA mAdhyama tarIke prAdezika bhASA-gujarAtIne apanAvI. vinayana vANijya ane vijJAna jevI aneka vidyAzAkhAomAM enI yojanA saphaLa thaI. vidyAnuM-zikSaNanA tathA parIkSaNanA mAdhyama dvArA-vitaraNa vyApaka ane lokapriya thayuM. muMbaI rAjyanI gresa sarakAre hiMdI mAdhyama svIkAravAnI apekSAe vallabhavidyAnagara(ji. kheDA)mAM gujarAta yunivarsiTImAMthI alaga pADIne svataMtra yunivarsiTI sthApI, paraMtu tyAM vAstavamAM gujarAtI vidyAthIomAM vyApaka upayoga gujarAtI mAdhyamane thAya che. ma. sa. yunivarsiTI pahelethI ja aMgrejI mAdhyamane vaLagI rahI che. vallabhavidyAnagaramAM saradAra paTela yunivarsiTIe hiMdI mAdhyama dvArA tamAma viSaya zIkhavavAne sauddhAMtika svIkAra karyo che, AthI emAM gujarAta bahAranA vidyAthIo paNa bhaNavA Ave che. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAdanI mAnya saMsthA tarIkenI mAnyatA have gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM thaI. gujarAta-yunivarsiTI vistAra pAse skUla oNpha ArkiTekTaramAM e viSayanA adhyayana-saMzodhananuM kArya thAya che tathA lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiramAM (1957 thI) saMskRta-prAkRtamAM vizeSe jaina graMthonA saMpAdana-prakAzana-saMzodhananuM kArya thAya che. I. sa. 1951 mAM pahelI paMcavarSIya yojanAmAM yunivarsiTI-zikSaNa mATe rUA. 15 karoDa phALavAyelA. I. sa. 1956 mAM zarU thayelI bIjI yojanAmAM e rU. pa73 karoDa aMdAjAyA hatA. I. sa. 1953mAM yunivarsiTI grAnTasa kamizana dilhImAM zarU thayuM. | gujarAtamAM zrImatI nAthIbAI dharamazI ThAkarasI yunivarsiTI sAthe saMlagna cAra kaeNleja-amadAvAda vaDodarA surata ane bhAvanagaramAM cAle che. pachI AvI eka koleja visanagaramAM zarU thaI che. A uparAMta uparokta vizvavidyAlaya sAthe joDAyelI 11 mahilA kaeNleja che. gujarAta yunivarsiTI-vistAramAM bahenanuM eka poliTekanika paNa cAle che. I. sa. 1958 mAM durgAbAI dezamukhanA adhyakSapaNe strI zikSaNa vize eka rASTriya samiti racAyelI.

Page #348
keLavaNI 3ra3 I. sa. 1953 mAM ola InDiyA oriyenTala konpharansanuM 17muM ane 1954 mAM InDiyana hisTrI koMgresanuM 17 muM adhivezana amadAvAdamAM thayelAM. I. sa. 1960nI AsapAsa abhyAsanA judA judA viSayanI pariSadanI sthApanA paNa thaI che. A sarva zaikSaNika saMsthAo gujarAtanI mUDI para nirbhara che. I. sa. 1960 mAM gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA thatAM gujarAtamAM ucca vidyA ane adhyayana-saMzodhanakSetre ane samagra keLavaNI kSetre vikAsanI taka ujajvaLa banI che. I. sa. 1960-61mAM gesa tela ane peTroliyama prApta thatAM raMga-rasAyaNakhAtarAdinAM saMzodhana-tAlIma kendronI zarUAta thAya evI apekSA rahe. vaLI, dIrdha dariyAkAMThe, nAvikavidyA tathA matsyavidyAnI tAlIma, mIThAnuM saMzodhanakArya (bhAvanagaramAM zarU thayuM che), dariyAI khanijavidyA, vanavidyA bhUstaravidyA ane khanijavidyA, avakAzavidyA (spesa eplikezana senTara), khagoLavidyA vagerenA vikAsanI paNa AvazyaktA che. A sarva gujarAtane keLavaNInA kSetre vaividhyabharyo ane jhaDapI vikAsa thaI rahyo che ema sUcave che. samAja-zikSaNa 1947 thI prauDha zikSaNane vyApaka banAvI ene "samAjazikSaNa nAma 1948 mAM ApI enI prAdezika samiti racavAmAM AvelI. enA maMtrI kalyANajIbhAI mahetA hatA ane protsAhaka nAnAbhAI bhaTTa, jugatarAmabhAI dave tathA naraharibhAI parIkha hatA ane prayojaka sarakAra hatI. A samitie akSarajJAna uparAMta sAmAnya nAgarikazAstra, ArogyazAstra, sAmAnya jJAna, bhajanAdi zIkhavavAnuM nakkI kareluM. pachI samitinuM A kArya 19para mAM jillA upazikSaNa-adhikArIone saMpAyuM che. 1945 thI 1960nAM 15 varSomAM uttIrNa thayelA prauDhanI saMkhyA 3,18,883 che. ekaMdare samAjazikSaNanuM kArya dhImuM cAle che. 1961 nI vastI gaNatarI pramANe zaheramAM 51.3 TakA ane gAmaDAMmAM 75 TakA leke nirakSara hatAM.52 amadAvAdanA majUra-vistAramAM 1955 pachI rAtri zALAo cAlatI te bhadra tathA khADiyAmAM be yuvaka maMDaLa calAvatAM. Ama, keLavaNImAM anekamukhI vaividhyabharyo vikAsa chatAM svAtaMtryanara kAlamAM yunivarsiTIonAM mULabhUta mUlya ane uddezomAM khAsa pheraphAra thayA nathI. keLavaNIne vyApa vadhe che ane guNavattA pramANamAM ghaTI che. 3

Page #349
324 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI navA viSaya ane vyavasAyI kAlejomAM kaeNAmanI khe, tathA eka meDikala kaeNoNleja ema ATheka lagabhaga 100 jeTalI thavA AvI. I. sa. 1915-47 nA gALAnA AraMbhamAM gujarAtamAM AsanI khe kaeNAleja sAyanyanI khe ane lAnI eka kaoNleja kaeNAlaja cAlatI te vadhIne 1960 mAM I. sa. 1949 mAM zarU thayelI ma. sa. yunivarsiTIe ucca vidyAmAM navA viSayAnI prathama zarUAta karI. eNe ejayukezana, gRhavijJAna, seAziyala varka, sAyansamAM mAikrA-bAlAjI, ArkiTekcara, enjiniyariMga, lAmAM citra saMgIta nRtya nATayakalA ane phAina ArTsanA ane eNplAIDa ArTsanA viSaya ema.e. ane pIeca.DI. kakSA sudhI kramaza: vadhAryA che. vaLI, enuM prAcya vidyAma`dira sa`skRta-gujarAtI graMthaiAnAM saMzodhana-prakAzana vagerene lAgatu vizeSa kArya kare che. A yunivarsiTIe kApavidyA myujhiyAlAjI ane graMthAlayavidyAnAM tAlIma keMdra paNa zarU karyA che, gRhavijJAna ane lalita kalAonI alaga vidyAzAkhA sthApI che. gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM gujarAtI e abhyAsanA viSayeAnI kheAdhabhASA che. emAM ATsa sAyansa kaeNAma lA meDikala uparAMta navA viSayeAmAM enjiniya riMga, jemAM sivila mikenikala IlekTrikala uparAMta hAlamAM ileTrAniksanA viSaya umerAyA che. phArma sphaTiksa ArkiTekacara graMthAlayavidyA ane ejyukezana abhyAsakrama umerAyA che. I. sa. 1956thI enAM anusnAtaka-keMdra zarU thayAM che, jemAM vividha bhASA, samAjavidyA rAjyazAstra itihAsa tattvajJAna mAnasazAstra zikSaNazAstra arthazAstra jIvavidyA padArthavijJAna rasAyaNazAstra vagere viSaya enAM alaga bhavane dvArA zIkhavAya che. bho. je. vidyAbhavanamAM bhAratIya saMskRti tathA sa MskRta ane gujarAtIne lagatuM adhyayana-saMzodhanakArya cAle che. lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdiramA skRta prAkRta vagerenuM adhyayana-saMzAdhana kArya cAle che. pI.Ara.ela.padAvijJAnanA adhyayana--saMzodhananI sa'sthA che. e ane vastravidyA mATenI 'aTirA' saMsthA e be svataMtra saMsthA che. gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM nATayavidyA prazna rIDiMga patrakAratva vagerenA DiplemA-va paNa zarU thayA che. sane 1936-37 thI pATaNamAM Ayurveda vidyAlaya hatuM ane 1938 thI niDayAdamAM e zarU thayuM. 1938 thI ANaMdamAM kRSi-govidyAnuM vidyAlaya zarU thayuM.

Page #350
keLavaNuM 325 1946 mAM AyurvedanI koleja jAmanagara ane suratamAM zarU thaI. 1953 mAM grAmavidyApITha dvArA lekazikSaNa ane kRSivizArada tauyAra thavA lAgyA. 1956 thI ANaMda pAse sAyansa kemarsa Asa ejyukezana enjiniyariMga khetI-pazupAlana DerI jevA viSayomAM adhyayana-saMzodhana ane tAlIma-keMdro cAle che. mahAdeva desAI mahAvidyAlaya(gUjarAta vidyApITha)mAM AdivAsI pachAta ane majUra aMgenI samAjasevAnI tAlIma apAya che tathA saMzodhanakArya thAya che. eNe AdivAsI saMgrahasthAna paNa vikasAvyuM che. A uparAMta e potAnI prakAzana-saMsthA dvArA upayogI graMtha prakAzita kare che. zrImatI nA. dha. ThA. yunivarsiTI sAthe saMlagna kolejamAM strIone lagatA viSaye. jevA ke gRhavijJAna, bALauchera ane mAtRtva, Arogya cikitsA, piSaka ahArAdi viSaya, kalA ane upayogI kalAonuM adhyayana ema.e. ane pIeca.DI. kakSA sudhInuM cAle che. emAM paNa patrakAratva jevA navA viSaya bahene mATe dAkhala karyA che. yunivarsiTI-vistAramAM bahene mATe cAlatA piliTekanikamAM Tekanikala mikenikala ane ghaDiyALAdi yaMtrane lagatA vyavasAyI viSe zIkhavAya che. viSayavaividhyanI dRSTie nIcenA vidhya 1960 sudhImAM gujarAtamAM zIkhavAtA. enI kolejonI saMkhyA enA vikAsane sUcave che.54 ArTasa ane sAyansa koleje-pa6, komarsa-pa, le-3, enjiniyariMga-4, meDikala-3, phArmasI-1, Ayurveda1, pazucikitsA-1, poliTekanika-6, bI.eDa-3, bejhika TreiniMga koleja-1, prAthamika zikSaNa keleja-27, zArIrika zikSA keleja-1, mahilA koleja-4, gRhavijJAna-1, graMthAlayavidyA-3, myujhiyolojI-1, purAtattvavidyA-1, bhAratIya vidyA-3, phAIna ArTa eNnDa eNplAIDa ArTasa-1, soziyala vaka-1, ArkiTekacara-1. AmAM badhA maLI 70 hajArathI vadhu vidyAthI abhyAsa kare che. A uparAMta sarakAra vanavidyA nAvikavidyA ane bhUstaravidyAnI zALAo calAve che. vaLI, e sahakAra ane paMcAyata rAjya tathA kRSividanI zALAo paNa calAve che. pAThayapustako - ma. sa. yunivarsiTIe aMgrejImAM aneka upayogI graMtha prakAzita karyA che, jemAM purAtatvane lagatAM prakAzana khAsa noMdhapAtra che. gujarAta yunivarsiTIe

Page #351
326 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gujarAtI mAraphate zikSaNa ApavAnuM svIkAratAM pAThyapustakanI prasiddhi mATe yojanA karI che te anvaye keTalAMka upayogI maulika pAThayapustaka tema ja anuvAdanAM aneka prakAzana thayAM che. prAdezika bhASAnA mAdhyama viruddha pAThayapustakonA abhAvane hAu batAvAta e paDakAra jhIlIne eNe e hAu pikI sAbita karyo che. sa. 5. yunivarsiTIe vizeSataH enI "jJAnagaMgotrI janA dvArA keTalAMka upayogI prakAzana karyA che. vaLI, yunivarsiTIonA abhyAsakrama pramANe khAnagI prakAzana-saMsthAo paNa pAThavyapustake racAvIne prasiddha karatI rahI che. AgaLa jatAM bhArata sarakAre yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa dvArA prAdezika bhASAomAM yunivarsiTI-kakSAnAM pustaka taiyAra karAvI prakAzita karavAnI pravRttine amalamAM mUkIne A samasyAne ghaNI haLavI banAvI che. pAdaTIpa 1-2. hIrAlAla pArekha, "arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana' (agureda), pR. 250 3-5. ejana, pR. 468 6. dhanavaMta desAI, 'arvAcIna bhAratIya keLavaNIne vikAsa' (abhAkavi), pR. 25 7. agureda, pR. 468-69; zivaprasAda rAjagara, "arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa' (agurAsAMI), pR. 155; zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAta eka darzana" (gueda), pR. 438-para 8. agureda, pR. 468 9. ejana, pR. 45ra 10. rAmalAla parIkha, gujarAta eka paricaya" (guepa), pR. 361 11. agureda, pR. 481 12. zivaprasAda rAjagora, gujarAtanI keLavaNIne ItihAsa (guI), pR. 66 13. ejana, pR. 476-28 14-16. umAzaMkara jozI, "keLavaNane kImiya, pR. 8, 83 17. agureda, pR. 480 18. ejana, pR. 478 19. umAzaMkara jozI, uparyukta, pR. 8 20. gueTa, pR. 439 21. agurAsAMI, pR. 23ra 22. abhAvi, pR. 89 23. guneI, pR. 204-05 24. guepa, pR. 367 25. guke), pR. 166

Page #352
keLavaNI 3ra7 26. pravINabahena Thakkara, "gujarAtane strI-zikSaNane ItihAsa, sAra rUpe 27, gueTa, pR. 437 28. gubI, pR. 108-202, 230-31 29. ejana, 199 30. ejana, pR. 63-79, 104-07 31. viThThaladAsa koThArI, "keLavaNu vaDe kAMti, pR. 91 3ra, ejana, pR. 228-29. 33. gukeI, pR. 143 34. ejana, pR. 144 35-36, ejana, , 147 37. ejana, pR. 163 38-40. viThThaladAsa koThArI, uparyukta, pR. 9ra 41-43. gueTa, pR. 442 44. pravINAbahena Thakkara, uparyukta, pR.12-13; agurAsAMI, pR. 288 45. gueTa, pR. 442 46. Gujarat Today, Prat I, (Pub. Hariprasad Vyas & Prabodh Raval), p. 91 47. gueTa, pR. 441 48-49. Gujarat To-day, Part I p. 91 50. abhAkevi, pR. 488 51. pravINAbahena Thakkara, uparyukta, pR. 12 para, guke, pR. 203-04 53. abhAkavi, pR. 532 48. Gujarat To-day, Part 1, pp. 91 ff

Page #353
pariziSTa gujarAtamAM graMthAlaya-pravRttine vikAsa mahArAjA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADanI preraNAthI vaDodarA rAjayamAM zarU thayelI graMthAlaya-pravRtti 1915 nI AsapAsa vyavasthita thaI cUkI hatI. vI. e. borDanA ane je.esa. kuDAlakaranI rAhabarI nIce 1910mAM sthapAyela lAIbrerI DipArTamenTa taraphathI vikAsanI moTI janAo taiyAra thaI hatI. 1911 mAM sthapAyela vaDodarA madhyastha graMthAlaya e bhAratanuM sauthI paheluM mukta dvAra-pravezavALuM, nyAtajAta vagerene kaI paNa bhedabhAva vinAnuM ane vAcaka pAsethI koI paNa jAtanI phI lIdhA sivAyanuM sArvajanika graMthAlaya hatuM. graMthAlaya-pravRttine sparzatA dhArA tathA samitionAM kArya vaDodarA rAjayanA tA. 27-6-1911 nA "sArvajanika graMthAlayanA niyame, jemAM pAchaLathI sudhArAvadhArA thayelA ane jenA pAyA upara pAchaLathI gujarAta sarakAranA niyamo thayA che te A dizAne prathama sarakArI prayatna che. sane 1937mAM muMbaI rAjyamAM kegresanI sarakAra amalamAM AvyA pachI graMthAlayonA vikAsa mATe eNe zrI e. e. e. phejhInA pramukhapaNA nIce samiti nImelI teNe rAjya mATe madhyastha graMthAlaya, prAdezika graMthAlayo, jillA graMthAlaye ane grAmagraMthAlayanuM sugrathita taMtra racAya ane teone anudAna maLe evI bhalAmaNa karI che. 1954mAM DilivarIjha opha bukasa(pablika lAIbrerIjha) "eNkaTa thayo te anvaye prakAzita thayela dareka pustakanI nakale bIjAM prAdezika graMthAlayone ApavAnuM TharyuM. A kAyadA anvaye gujarAtI pustako muMbaInI raoNyala eziyATika lAIbrerIne ApavAnuM nakkI thayuM. gujarAtanuM rAjya thayA pachI A pustakasaMgraha gUjarAta vidyApITha-graMthAlayane ApavAmAM Avyo che. graMthAlayavijJAnanuM zikSaNa bhAratamAM graMthAlayavijJAnanuM paddhatisara zikSaNa ApavAne prathama prayoga vaDodarAmAM 1910 mAM madhyastha graMthAlayamAM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane cha mAsanA abhyAsakramamAM padavI dharAne dAkhala karI e vakhatanA vyavasthApaka zrI. borDane

Page #354
gujarAtamAM graMthAlaya pravRttine vikAsa 3ra8 tAlIma ApI hatI, paraMtu tyAra pachI pUratA tAlImAthIe nahi maLavAthI A varga baMdha karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 1957 thI vaDodarA yunivarsiTI gujarAta yunivarsiTI ane saurASTra yunivarsiTIe paNa AvA abhyAsane prabaMdha karyo che. graMthAlayavyavasthA-adhikArInI dekharekha nIce sArvajanika graMthAlayanA karmacArIo mATe TUMka samayanA abhyAsanA varga zarU thayA. 1951 mAM A abhyAsa cha saptAhano hato. zALAMta parIkSA-uttIrNa vidyAthI emAM dAkhala thaI zakate. AvA varga amadAvAda rAjakoTa vidyAnagara vaDodarA ane suratamAM cAlatA. graMthAlayane vikAsa svataMtratA pUrve graMthAlayanA vikAsamAM nIcenI saMsthAoe mahattvane bhAga bhajavelo che. vaDodarA rAjyanuM pustakAlaya khAtuM, vaDodarA rAjaya pustakAlaya maMDaLa, pustakAlaya sahAyaka sahakArI maMDaLa ane gujarAta pustakAlaya maMDaLa. A samayanI pravRttimAM mahAna phALo ApanAra vyakti te sva. zrI motIbhAI amIna. vaDodarAmAM jyAre pustakAlaya khAtuM sthapAyuM tyAre zrI barDananA hAtha nIce 1913 mAM motIbhAI amInanI madadanIza vyavasthApaka tarIke nimaNUka thaI hatI. motIbhAIe "jyAM jyAM zALA tyAM tyAM pustakAlaya e sUtra apanAvyuM. joke jeTalI madada ekaThI kare tenA upara paMcAyata ane sarakAranI madada umerI graMthAlayanI sthApanA karI ane teone jAhera saMsthA tarIke calAvavAnA niyama karyA. emanI lAMbI sevAne lIdhe ja vaDodarA rAjyanA vilInIkaraNa vakhate 1948mAM 73 zahera graMthAlaya, 1,4ra0 grAmagraMthAlaya, 14 bALagraMthAlaya ane 24 mahilAgraMthAlaya thayAM hatAM. svataMtratA pachInAM varSomAM graMthAlaya pravRttine vikAsa gujarAta rAjayanI judI judI paMcavarSIya yojanAo sAthe saMkaLAyela che. prathama yejanAmAM "InTigreTeDa lAIbrerI sarvisa-sugrathita graMthAlayasevA upara bhAra mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. e vakhatanA saurASTra rAjaye A yojanAne sAro lAbha lIdhe ane jAmanagara rAjakoTa bhAvanagara jUnAgaDha ane surendranagaramAM jillA pustakAlaya sthApyAM. teone mATe suMdara makAna banAvI ApyAM ane chapanI sagavaDa ApI "pharatA pustakAlayanIjanA amalamAM mUkI, bIjI paMcavarSIya yojanAmAM 1,000 navAM grAmagraMthAlaya sthApavAnI jogavAI karavAmAM AvI hatI. trIjI paMcavarSIya yojanAmAM

Page #355
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI rAjayamAM madhyastha graMthAlaya sthApavAne, ji9lA pustakAlayone sarakArI dekharekha nIce vyavasthita karavAne ane 100 navAM graMthAlaya sthApavAne kAryakrama hato. hAla gujarAtamAM sArAM sArvajanika ane zaikSaNika graMthAlaya vikasyAM che. amadAvAdamAM gujarAta vidyAsabhAnuM graMthAlaya enuM AgavuM sthAna dharAve che. vaLIje. je. vidyAbhavananuM pustakAlaya ane vaDodarAnuM madhyastha graMthAlaya enA namUnedAra dAkhalA che. zaikSaNika graMthAlayamAM yunivarsiTInAM graMthAlayane sAre vikAsa thayo che. viziSTa graMthAlayamAM InDiyana InsTiTayUTa oNpha menejamenTa, InDiyana InsTiTayUTa oNpha DijhAIna, aTirA vagere saMsthAonAM graMthAlaya namUnedAra che. ahIM eka vastu neMdhavI joIe ke gujarAtanI graMthAlaya pravRttinA vikAsamAM sarakArI anudAnee agatyane bhAga bhajavyuM che. khAsa karIne sArvajanika graMthAlayonA nibhAva mATe sarakAra anudAna Ape che. alabatta, anudAna lenArAM graMthAlayane sarakAre TharAvelA niyamAnusAra graMthAlayanuM sArvajanika upayoga mATe saMcAlana karavAnuM hoya che. graMthAlaya vijJAnanuM sAhitya yunivarsiTInA stare graMthAlaya vijJAnanuM zikSaNa apAtuM hovA chatAM graMthAlayavijJAnanuM sAhitya haju a5 ane mukhyatve zarUAtanAM pAThyapustakanuM ja rahyuM che. graMthasUci tathA ene lagatA kSetramAM zrI motIbhAI amane uttama zarUAta karelI. emanI preraNAthI pu. sa. sa. maMDaLe gujarAtI 8,000 pustakanI vargIkRta nAmAvalI(1929) tathA gujarAtI 4,000 pustakonI vargIkRta nAmAvalI (1933) prasiddha karelI. emanI ja preraNAthI vArtAnAM pustaka paricaya tathA jIvarAma jozIkRta "bAlasAhityasarvasaMgraha" taiyAra thayelAM hatAM. gujarAta vidyAsabhAnuM A dizAmAM zakavatI kArya te "graMtha ane graMthakAra' bhA. 1 thI 11 (1930-1966), zrI kIkubhAI desAIe 1951 thI 1965 sudhI pragaTa thayelAM gujarAtI pustakamAMthI pasaMda karelAMnI sUci banAvelI ne gujarAta pustakAlaya maMDaLe e prakAzita karI che. pustakAlaya" "graMtha" ane "graMthAlaya" A pravRttine sparzatAM sAmayika che. maMDaLo ane teonI pravRttio zrI motIbhAI amInanI preraNAthI graMthAlayane madada karavA be saMsthA UbhI karavAmAM AvI (1) vaDodarA rAjya pustakAlaya maMDaLa ane (2) pustakAlaya sahAyaka sahakArI maMDaLa. baMne saMsthA 19ra5 mAM sthapAI. gujarAta pustakAlaya

Page #356
gujarAtamAM graMthAlaya pravRttine vikAsa maMDaLa 1939 thI astitvamAM AvyuM. pu. sa. sa. maMDaLanuM kArya mukhyatve graMthAlayane graMtho tathA sAmayiko meLavI ApavAnuM ane enA hisAba kitAba rAkhI nAnAM graMthAlayone vahIvaTI kAmamAMthI mukta rAkhavAnuM che. vaDodarAnuM maMDaLa gu. pu. maMDaLa sAthe vaDodarA rAjyanA vilinIkaraNa pachI maLI gayuM che. A maMDaLanA mukhya uddeza sArvajanika graMthAlayonAM sthApanA vikAsa ane graMthAlayavijJAnane prasAra che A hetathI maMDaLa zibara-pariSade, pradarzane, ziSTavAcana parIkSAo vagere je che ane ene lagatA sAhityanuM prakAzana kare che. jillA tathA tAlukAomAM enI zAkhAo che ane enI sabhyasaMkhyA Azare 4500 che. graMthAlayavikAsanI samasyAo | gujarAte bhAratamAM prathama sArvajanika graMthAlaya pravRtti zarU karI, paraMtu bhAratanAM bIjAM pragatizIla rAjyanI sarakhAmaNImAM haju e AvI zakyuM nathI. bIjAM keTalAMka rAjyanI mAphaka emAM graMthAlaya-dhAro thayo nathI tethI graMthAlaya khAtuM svataMtra nahi, paNa zikSaNa khAtAnA eka bhAgarUpe cAle che. dhArAnA abhAve ene Arthika madadanI cokkasa jogavAI nathI. moTA bhAganAM grAmagraMthAlaya nAnAM vAcanala jevAM che ane jUja pustake vasAvI zake che. madhyastha graMthAlayathI mAMDIne grAmagraMthAlaya sudhI surathita sevA (InTigreTeDa lAIbrerI sarvisa) nathI tethI graMthAlayanI kAryakSamatA ochI rahe che. pAdaTIpa 1. vibhUta zAha kRta, gujarAtamAM pustakAlaya pravRtti', mAhitI khAtuM, gujarAta rAjya, 1981; Nutan Mohan Dutt, Baroda and Its Libraries temaja gujarAta rAjyanA graMthAlayavyavasthA-adhikArI pAsethI maLelI maukhika mAhitI parathI.

Page #357
prakaraNa 10 sAhitya 1. gujarAtI sAhityamAM navA pravAha tema daSTio samIkSAdhIna (I.sa. 1914thI 1960 sudhIne) samayapaTa mAnavajagata mATe phrenca krAMti, amerikana svAtaMtrya ane audyogika krAMti pachInI eTalI ja ane kadAca enAthIya vadhu mahatvanI ghaTanAothI bhareluM che. 1917nI raziyana krAMti, be vizvayuddha, saramukhatyArazAhI nAjhI-phArasI-vAdanA udaya ane asta, aMgrejI zAsananA aMta sAthe hiMdustAnanuM pAkistAna ane bhAratamAM vibhAjana thaI bhAratanI samAjavAdane varelA svataMtra prajAsattAka tarIke thayelI sthApanA, cInamAM sAmyavAdI zAsanane prAraMbha, saikAothI bevatana banelA yahUdIone emanA asala vatananI prApti ane enI sAthe ja enI sAme e pradeza mATe ArabAne zarU thayela saMgharSa, kAriyA hiMdI cIna maleziyA jevA eziyAnA ane AphrikAnA paNa keTalAka dezanI paradezI gorI sattAonI pakaDamAMthI mukti-A badhI evI ghaTanAo che. mahAvinAzaka ane racanAtmaka ubhaya rIte vaparAvI zakya banelI aNuzakti, roga ane mRtyune ghaNI hada sudhI pratIkAra karI zaktI dAktarI, ane mAnavInA magaja jevuM kAma vidyutazakti pAsethI levA mAMDeluM vidyuta-yaMtra-vijJAna, e vijJAnanI siddhio paNa sAthe vicAre te mAnava-ItihAsane eka ke mahatvane tabakako A samayAvadhimAM mUrta thAya che e spaSTa thaze. emAM bhArata mATe enA Aja sudhInA ItihAsanuM eka mahatvanuM prakaraNa banAve tevI ghaTanA enI svAtaMtrya-laData ane svarAjya-prApti che. emAM pitAnA apUrva ane amUlya phALAne kAraNe svataMtra bhAratanA rASTrapitA tarIke pUjAvAnA adhikArI banela mahAtmA gAMdhI gujarAtanA sapUta hatA e gujarAtane mATe sadbhAgya ane gauravanI vAta che. dakSiNa AphrikAmAM tyAM dhaMdhAthe vasatA hiMdIene thatA anyAyanI sAme tyAMnA raMgadveSI garA-zAsanane ahiMsaka satyAgraha laData ApI, emAM vijayI banI karmavIra mehanadAsa karamacaMda gAMdhInuM svadezasevAthe bhAratamAM I.sa. 1915 mAM Agamana, amadAvAdamAM emaNe karelI satyAgrahAzramanI sthApanA, caMpAraNa-kheDAnA satyAgraha, amadAvAdanA milamajUronI haDatALa ane raoNleTa kAyadA sAmenI rASTravyApI jhuMbezanI emanI netAgIrI, vaLI pravAsI vyAkhyAne tathA 'navajIvana' ane 'yaMga InDiyA' sAptAhike dvArA

Page #358
sAhitya emanAM vicArA tathA pravRttionA prasAre emane, He came, he saw and conquered ema emane mATeya hI zakAya evI rIte jotajotAmAM pAMceka varasamAM tA prajAnA hRdayanetA banAvI daI dezamAM ne gujarAtamAM keve 'gAMdhIyuga' zarU karI dIdhA enI kathA AgaLa kahevAI gaI che. 333 emanAM kAryAM ane sadezane jhilavAnA avakAza Ape tevuM vAtAvaraNu ke pUrva.bhUmikA emanA Agamana pUrve gujarAtamAM taiyAra thaI cUkI hatI. dezI kArIgarIne uttejana ApavAnI haragAviMdadAsa kAMTAvALAnI tathA ba gabhaga pachI svadezInI ane mAtRbhASA gujarAtIne ja zikSaNa-parIkSaNunuM mAdhyama banAvavAnI aMbAlAla sAkaralAla desAInI himAyatane tema peAtAnA vaDAdarA rAjyamAM hiMdI bhASAnA tathA aspRsyAne ApavAnA zikSaNa mATe temaja rAjyavahIvaTamAM gujarAtInA upayega mATe sayAjIrAva gAyakavADe karelA prabaMdhane atre ullekhI zakAya. vastutaH aMgrejI hakUmatanA AraMbha sAthe pAdarIonI tema sarakArI nizALA chApakhAnAM vartamAnapatrA ne mAsikeA pustakAlaye nATakazALA yunivarsiTI bhASA-sAhityanA vikAsa arthe temaja samAjasudhAraNA ane dharmajAgRtinI bhAvanAthI prerAI UbhI thatI saMsthAe--A badhAM dvArA prajAmAM je nava jAgRti AvI te dhIra ane sthira gatie AgaLa vadhI rahI hatI enuM ja e pariNAma kahevAya. 1850 thI 1880 nA traNa dasakA aMgrejothI ane emanA dvArA pAzcAtya saMskRtinI relave sTImara tAra ya tra-udyoga vagere jevI bhautika siddhiothI aMjAI javAnA ane emane anusaravAnI vRttinA hatA ema ekaMdare jotAM kahI zakAya. theADeAka laghutAbhAva anubhavavAnuM paNa prajAne e vakhate banyuM hAya. I. sa. 1857 thI yunivarsiTI-zikSaNanA AraMbha pachI prajA-jAgRtine khIjo tabakko enA padavIdhAnA prathama phAlanI sAthe zarU thayA, e staranA zikSaNe saMskRta sAhitya ane tattvajJAnanA abhyAsa vadhAratAM e baMne kSetrAmAM bhAratanI siddhi kaI kama nathI enuM bhAna thatAM AtmagauravanA saMcAra thaI vicAra-valaNeAmAM mugdha kATinA adhIrA utsAhanuM sthAna svasthatA ane pakavatAe levA mAMDayuM. sudhArAnI pra-gatikAmI pravRtti peAtAnuM zarUAtanuM ucchedaka svarUpa cheADI palaTAyelA deza-kAlane anurUpa AcAraparivartananI chUTa sAthe svasaMskRtinAM mULa lakSya ane svarUpanA Adara karatI thai. e rIte jUnA-navAne ekAkSadarzI vigraha patAvI ubhayanA sadezeAnA svIkAranA-samanvayanA--mAge paLatA thayA. bhaNelA AstikAne A nAra prArtha nA'samAja, svAmI dayAnaMda-sthApita A samAja tathA mAdAma blevevskI ane

Page #359
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI karnala oNkArTa sthApela thiyosaoNphikala sAsAyaTI-esa sthAtripuTInA temaja maNilAla gAvardhanarAma Ana MdazaMkara, zreyasAdhAnA AcArya nRsiMhAcAryajI, emanA pradhAna ziSyA 'vizvavaMdya' ane narmadAzaMkara mahetA tathA saurASTranA nathurAma zarmAnA dha kSetra e samaye pravatelA cetanA-juvALamAM ThIka ThIka phALA hatA. rASTriya asmitAne udaya thatAM, aMgrejI sAhitya ane itihAsanA adhyayanamAMthI svAtaMtryanuM mUlya samajAtAM ane aMgrejI amalanuM kharuM svarUpa parakhAvA mAMDatAM rASTriya mahAsabhA-inDiyana naeNzanala kaoNMgresa, je prathama teA prAnI phariyAde ane jarUrata rAjyakartAone kAne paheAMcADavA sthapAI hatI te, rAjakIya sudhArA ane hA mAgatI thaI, eTaluM ja nahi, emAM vinItAne pAchaLa haDaselI uddAma varga AgaLa AvatA thayAnuM citra 1905 nI baMgabhaMga-pratIkAraka caLavaLe janmAvelI havAmAM I. sa. 1908 nI suratanI mahAsabhA beThakamAM jovA maLyuM. gAMdhIjIne 1915 pachI bhAratamAM peAtAnI pravRtti zarU karatI veLA A sAMskRtika havAne AdhAra tema lAbha maLyA; emane ekaDe ekathI zarU karavAnuM na hatuM. 334 emanu kArya A dezamAM zarU thayuM te vakhate gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityanI zI sthiti hatI ? upara darzAvelI nava jAgRtinA AraMbhanI sAthe ja sAhityanaukAnA sukAne madhyakAlI tAcheDI arvAcInatA bhaNI mAM pheravyuM hatu.. sAhitya dharagyu` maTI ahika ane sa`sAralakSI banyuM ane Izvarane sthAne mAnavI ene kavanaviSaya banyA e pahelA meATA pheraphAra ema thatAM kavine Anada-spa Mdita kare tevAM prakRti ane praNaya kavitAnA gAnaviSaya banyAM. rASTriya asmitAnA udaye svabhUminAM sauM. ane gauravanA gAnane viSaya paNa umerI ApyA. khIjo pheraphAra te madhyakAlIna kavitAnAM rAsA prabaMdha phAgu AkhyAna padyavAratA bAramAsI vagerenuM sthAna aMgrejI zailInAM UrmikAvya karuNaprazasti mahAkAvya soneTa gajhala vagere kAvyasvarUpeAe lIdhu. purAgAmI sAhityathI ene alaga pADatI hakIkata te gadyane sAhityamAM pratiSThA ApavAnI eNe Ara bhelI pravRtti ane ene pariNAme navalakathA nATaka vArtA caritra vagere sAhitya-prakAranI gujarAtImAM zarUAta A badhAMmAM aMgrejI sAhityanA paricayasaMparka preraka banyA ane nATaka jevAmAM saMskRta nATakane paNa. 1850 thI 1880 sudhInA gALAmAM prakAzita thayela sAhityamAM kalAtattva nahivat ane e sudhArAlakSI ane lekazikSaNAtmaka vizeSa. navalarAma paMDayAne ethariyA haDakavA' (graMthakAra gaNAvAnA casakrA) kahI jenI mazkarI karavI paDI hatI tevA mugdha

Page #360
sAhitya 335 utsAha e ja hatuM enuM lakSaNa. emAM prayojAyela bhASA bolacAlanI eTale ke vyavahAranI bhASAnI najIkanI AmavarganI hatI ane viSaya para pUrI lekazAhI pravartatI hatI. 1880 pachI yunivarsiTInA padavIdharanA sAhityakSetramAM praveza sAthe A mugdha utsAhane sthAne lakhANamAM svasthatA pakavatA vidvattA UMDANa ane vyApaktA AvavA lAgyAM. aMgrejI ane saMskRta sAhityanA tathA pAzcAtya ane bhAratIya sAhityamImAMsAnA parizIlane parita karela rasa-rucine pratApe sarjanamAM sAhityaviveka ane kalAdaSTi vadhatAM cAlyAM ane viSaya tathA bhASA para sAhityacita ziSTatA ane gaurava sevAtAM thayAM, enuM eka pariNAma bhASAne saMskRtapracura ane saheja agharI banAvavAmAM AvyuM, jenA atiganI mazkarI ramaNabhAIne bhadraMbhadra dvArA karavI jarUrI lAgI hatI. A badhAM kAraNee temaja maNilAla govardhanarAma narasiMharAva ramaNabhAI AnaMdazaMkara, kezavalAla ane harilAla dhruvabaMdhuo ane baLavaMtarAya ThAkora jevA mahArathIothI vibhUSita 1880 thI 1920 sudhInA samayapaTane ApaNe tyAM vAjabI rIte ja "paMDitayuga" kahI oLakhAvAyo che. gAMdhIjInA AgamananA AgalA varSe ramaNabhAInuM "rAIne parvata' ane kavi nAnAlAlanuM "jayA-jayaMta' e be nATaka, enI pahelA varSe narasiMharAvanuM kAvya pustaka "nupUrajhaMkAra', 1916 mAM "smaraNasaMhitA', 1917 mAM baLavaMtarAya ThAkarane kAvyasaMgraha "bhaNakAra', 1918 mAM kavi nAnAlAlanI laghukathA "uSA', ema 1911 thI 19ra0 nA dazakAmAM te "paMDitayuga" pitAnuM teja dekhADate Ubho hate. e dasakAne aMtabhAgamAM "navajIvana' sAptAhikanA prAraMbhathI sAhityakSetre gAMdhIyuga" beTho ema kahI zakAya. ene artha ema nahi ke "paMDitayuga" pUro AthamI jaI eka na ja yuga prAraMbhAye. ema kaI pratti ke preraka baLonAM custa jalAbhegha (waternight) khAnAM ke vibhAga ke samayakhaMDa paDI zakatAM hatAM ja nathI. AgaluM sAva nirmaLa thatuM hotuM nathI. enA vilAvA pa tra aMza ghasAtA jaI navAnA aMza pravezatA jAya evI sthiti keTalAka samaya sudhI cAlu rahe che. paMDitayuga' pahelAMnA traNa dasakAne kAlakhaMDa jene pramukha vyaktionAM nAmathI oLakhAvavo hoya te dalapata-narmada yuga' nAma apAya ane e samaye pravartamAna prajAmAnasa ane vicArapravAha parathI oLakhAva heya te "navajAgRtikAla" ke "prabaMdhakAla" ke "saMsArasudhArA yuga" kahevAya. e paMDitayugamAM te ThIka, paNa e pachI "gAMdhIyugamAM paNa cAlu rahyo che. govardhanarAmanAM "snehamudrA' ane "sarasvatIcaMdra', ramaNabhAI

Page #361
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI nIlaka'DhanAM 'bhadraM bhadra' rAInA parvata' ane dharma ane samAja'nAM lekhAvyAkhyAtA, nAnAlAlanA vasaMtAtsava'IMdukumAra' ane 'jayA--jayaMta', kanaiyAlAla munazono navalikAo ane 'veranI vasUlAta' tema Ane vAMka' jevI navalathA, jhaveracaMda meghANInI 'citAnA aMgArA'nI vArtAo ane peTalIkara jevA ghaNA lekhakAnI kRtione AnA purAvA lekhe ullekhI zakAya ema che. gaI sadInA uttarArdhamAM ApaNe tyAM zarU thayelA saMkrAMtikAla haju pUrA thaI gayA nathI ane ApaNA ghaNA sAmAjika prazna sAva niravakAza banyA nathI. gAMdhIjI dvArA thayelI vicArakrAMtimAM paNu samAjasudhAraNA AvI jatI hatI. 336 e ja samayakhaMDanI bIjI eka yugapravrutti dharma sudhAraNAnI ane dharmazuddhinI hatI, je durgArAma maheta!jIe suratamAM sthApelI mAnavadharma sabhA ane pachI amadAvAdanI prArthanAsamAja A samAja ane thiyosAphikala seAsAyaTInI sthApanAmAM mU thaI hatI te paNa 'paMDitayuga' ane 'gAMdhIyuga'mAM cAlu rahI peAtAnI rIte vistaratI batAvI zakAya. prArthanAsamAjanA mukhapatra 'jJAnasudhA'nI lekhasAmagrI ane bheALAnAtha diveTiyA tathA emanA putra narasiMharAvanuM tathA ramaNabhAInuM sAhitya prAthanAsamAjanA prabhAva pragaTa kare che.kavi nAnAlAlanI zarUAtanI kRtiomAM paNu prArthanAsamAjanI asara joI zakAya. maNilAla dvivedI ane 'kalApI'ne thiyAsAphIe AkaSelA ane svIDanakhAnAM pustakAnA vAcane 'krAMta'ne khristI dharmI prati vALyA hatA, paNa hiMdu dharmano sa-prANatAe pragaTAvelA rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa, svAmI vivekAnaMda ane rAmatI tathA gujarAtanA nRsiMhAcAryAM ane nathurAma zarmAnAM jIvana ane sa Mdeze tyAra pachI e asarAne meALI pADI nAkhI, veda-purANeAkta sanAtana hiMdudharmAMnuM zuddha svarUpa samajAvI enI upara vicArazIla varganI zraddhAne punaHsthApita karI che. e ja kAryaM gAMdhIjIe petAnA sadAjAprata vivekapUta AcaraNathI sana tana hiMdudha te jIvI batAvIne tema peAtAnAM lakhANAthI sAdhI ApyuM che. vinebA bhAve, kAkA kAlelakara, kize!ralAla mazarUvALA jevA emanA sAthIenI kalame paNa evI ja dharmAMzuddhinI sevA bajAvI che. pAMDicerI-niva sI zrI araviMdanAM tattvajJAna ane sAdhanApraNAlIne paNa gujarAtamAM e pachI ghaNA satkAra maLyAnuM aMbAlAla purANI 'suMdaram' pUjAlAla AdinAM lakhANe dvArA joI zakAya che. dezamAM AgalA zatakamAM jAgelI navacetanA Ama uttarAttara anugAmI kAla khaDAmAM peAtAnI rIte vistarI rahI hatI e joI zakAya. e yugacetanA eka kAlakha'Da mAMthI pachInAmAM padArpaNu karatI rahI heAvAnuM ja e siddha kare che.

Page #362
sAhitya 337 Ama hovAthI 1920 pachI "paMDitayuga'nI samApti thaI jaI tatra sutA sarasvatI ema kahevAya evuM nathI, "gAMdhI yugamAM paNa enuM kArya enA pratinidhio dvArA emanA AyuSanI samApti sudhI cAlu ja rahyuM che. "kAMtA" nATaka tathA "gulAbasiMha" navalakathA ane "Atmanimajajana'nI kavitAnA sarjaka ane jIvananAM ghaNAM kSetrone sparzatA-chaNatA mananIya ane vicArejaka nibaMdhanA samartha lekhaka maNilAlanI jIvAdorI vahelI pAI gaI, paNa "sarasvatIcaMdra' jevI zakavatI ciraMjIva navalakathAnA kartA ane snehamudrAnA kavi govardhanarAma tripAThIe svasaMkalpita vyavasAya-nivRtti svIkArI hatI ene "sAkSarajIvananI pitAnI bhAvanA ke Adarzane jIvIne caritArtha karI pitAne vicAra-manana-pAka enA zreyethe prajAne dharavAne hetu vizeSa pramANamAM siddha thaze evI AzA hatI, paraMtu e paNa jhAjhuM jIvI zakayA nahi. e be sivAyanA "paMDitayuganA mahArathIone lAbha gujarAtane "gAMdhIyuga'mAM maLI cAlu rahyo e khAsa beMdhavA joga bInA che. ameLanI mudrikA' ane "gItagoviMdanA anuvAdaka kezavalAla dhruvanA vikramorvazIyam ane bhAsanAM nATakanAM bhASAMtara tathA abhyAsa-saMzodhana-pUNuM ughAta ane padyaracanAnI etihAsika AlocanA' tathA kavitA ne sAhitya" pachI ramaNabhAInAM "rAIne parvata nATaka tathA "dharma ane samAjanAM be pustakonA lekha, narasiMharAvanAM "kurumamALA" ane "hRdayavINA' pachInAM traNa kAvyapustaka, gujarAtI bhASAnAM uddabhava vikAsa ane svarUpa paranAM bhASAzAstrIya vilsana-vyAkhyAnA be graMtha ane "mane mukura' "maraNamukura "abhinayakalA "vivartalIlA' jevAM pustaka, balavaMtarAya ThAkaranAM kavitA vArtA sAhitya-vivecana ane anuvAdanAM pustaka, AnaMdazaMkara dhuvanA "ApaNe dharma graMtha pachInA kAvyatatvavicAra' sAhityavicAra' digdarzana "vicAramAdhurI' jevA lekhasaMgraha tathA "hiMdu vedadharma' jevo graMtha ane narmadAzaMkara mahetAnAM 'hiMda tattvajJAnane ItihAsa upaniSada vicAraNA tathA "zAktasaMpradAya jevAM pustaka cAlu zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM ApaNane maLyAM che. "kAMtane ekamAtra kAvyasaMgraha 'pUrvAlApa' ane emanAM be nATaka temaja nAnAlAlanI 'uSA' pachInI badhI kRtio "gAMdhIyuga'mAM ja pragaTa thayelA che. jemanI kavitva-pravRtti I.sa. 1800 pahelAM AraMbhAI hatI te khabaradAra, boTAdakara ane lalita' jevA kavionA kAvyasaMgraha pragaTa thavAne kAlakhaMDa paNa A ja. uttamalAla trivedI, raNajitarAma mahetA, caMdrazaMkara paMDayA, kAMtilAla paMDayA, aMbAlAla jAnI Adi paNa pitAnI zakti-rIti anusAra "paMDitayuganI : 22

Page #363
338 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI praNAlIne cAlu rAkhI rahyA hatA. bIjI bAju "gAMdhIyuge paNa vidvattA sAthe kaMI asahakAra karyo na hato. "paMDitayuganI paraMparAne sajIvana rAkhI laMbAvanArA vidvAnanI eka navI lAMbI hAra eNe paNa dekhADI che. paMDita sukhalAlajI, muni jinavijayajI, kAkA kAlelakara, kizoralAla mazarUvALA, rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha pAThaka, rasikalAla cho. parIkha, durgAzaMkara zAstrI, vijayarAya vaidya, vizvanAtha bhaTTa, viSNuprasAda trivedI, DolararAya mAMkaDa, rAmalAla modI, madhusUdana modI, maMjulAla majamUdAra, anaMtarAya rAvaLa, kezavarAma zAstrI, bhegIlAla sAMDesarA ane umAzaMkare jozInAM nAma emAM khuzIthI gaNAvI zakAya. jema AgaLa gaNavelA tema A lekhake paNa lakhAvaTamAM pitAnA viSayane, pitAnI prakRtine ane pitAnI baMdhAyelI zailIne vaphAdAra rahIne varyA che. je samayakhaMDanI vAta ahIM prastuta thAya che tene pahele nedhapAtra banAva che I.sa. 1914mAM yuropamAM zarU thayeluM paheluM vizvayuddha cAra varSa cAlelA e yuddhanI saMgrAmabhUmi bhAratavarSanI bahAra hatI, paNa bhAratavarSanI lazkarI TukaDIe emAM bhAga letI hatI ane bhAratavarSa briTiza zAsana taLe hAI eTale aMze e yuddhamAM eka bhAgIdAra hatuM. bhAratavarSanI TukaDIe parisane bacAvyAnA samAcAre hiMdIone porasAvyAnuM khabaradAranA bhAratanA TaMkAra' nAM dezabhaktinAM kAvyo parathI joI zakAya. puragAmI narmada tathA harilAla dhruvanI rASTrapremanI zauryakavitA enuM eka preraka baLa hatI, te bIjuM preraka baLa hate dakSiNa AphrikAne hiMdI kemane gAMdhIjInA netRtvavALA satyAgraha ane trIjuM preraka baLa banyuM hiMdI senAnuM yuropanA raNAMgaNa uparanuM parAkrama. e vizvayuddhanAM varasomAM bhAratavarSamAM homarUla mATe cAlelI caLavaLa ane emAM mahamadaalI jhINuM, kanaiyAlAla munazI, caMdrazaMkara paMDayA, jamanAdAsa mahetA Adi gujarAtIoe utsAhapUrvaka lIdhele bhAga ane e aMge karelAM bhASaNo sivAya sAhitya para enI kaI viziSTa asara thaI nathI. e caLavaLe prajAnI dezabhaktine sakerIsaMvadhI gAMdhIjInA tarata zarU thanAra kArya mATe anukULa havA UbhI karI eTaluM kharuM. sAhityakSetre nedhapAtra banAva te AgaLa gaNAyelI "paMDitayuganA sAhityakAronI kRtionuM e dasakAmAM thayela prakAzana ane kanaiyAlAla munazIne "ghanazyAma vyAsa' takhallusathI eka etihAsika ane eka sAmAjika ema be navalakathAonA dhyAna kheMcatA lekhaka tarIke thayele udaya. sAhityakSetra upara prabhAvaka asara vizeSa karI gAMdhIjIe. I.sa. 1918 mAM "navajIvana" sAptAhikanuM taMtrIpada hAtha dharyuM tyArathI ene prAraMbha

Page #364
sAhitya 339 gaNI zakAya. pAtAne prajAne kaMIka kahevu che evI AtmapratIti sAthe emaNe e patra peAtAnA saMdezavAhaka tarIke pasaMda kareluM, e sadezA samarata prajA, jemAM bhaNelA teA amuka TakA, mATA varga alpazikSita ane azikSita, tene pahAMcADavA hatA eTale evA badhA samajI zake tevI ja bhASA ane lakhAvaTa jarUrI tema iSTa hatI. bhASA emane mATe vicAro vyakta karavAnuM sAdhana ja hatuM, sAhityasakAnA amuka varga mAne che tema sAdhyuM nahi. "zIla ane zailI' (Style is the man) e uktine emanA pUratI sAcI TharAve evI je sIdhI sAdI anADaMbarI ane mitAkSaro chatAM emane jelamAM laI janAra huMkAra' ane 'parIkSA' jevA lekha batAvI Ape che tema baLa, ceTa ane bhAvavAhitAmAM leza paNa UNI na UtaratI TUMkAM vAkayovALI je gadyazailI emaNe peAtAne mATe nipAvI ane kAsa hAMkatA kheDu samajIne lalakArI zake tevAM sAhitya ane lakhAvaTanI je himAyata emaNe 1920 mAM sAhityakArAnI pariSada AgaLa karI tenI asare sAhityakSetre bhASAne ghaTATApa, ADabara, binajarUrI vANIvilAsa ane prastAra temaja saMskRtapracuratA ane pAMDityazailInA meAha haTAvI devAnI ane sAhityane vadhu jIvanalakSI banAvavAnI sevA bajAvI che. pa bhASAnI sAdagI mATenu' valaNa, alabatta, AnI pahelAM, kahevuM heAya teA, ramaNabhAInA 'bhadraMbhadra' pachI zarU thaI gayuM hatuM. ge!vanarAmanA avasAna-varSa 1907 thI eka dasakA sudhI sAmAjika navalakathA lakhanAra bhAgIdrarAva diveTiyAnI lakhAvaTa saraLatA ane sAdAI dekhADe che. emanI pachI pAMca-cha varSe sAhityakSetre pravezanAra kanaiyAlAla munazI kathananI sarasatA ane sacoTatAne peAtAnA Agraha akabadha rAkhIne peAtAnA gadyane paDitazailIne mukAbale saraLa ane medamukta rAkhe che. ahIM ApaNe itihAsane vadhu vaphAdAra rahI itihAsamUlaka navalakthAkAra nArAyaNa visanajI Thakkara ane cunIlAla vamAna zAha tathA dhanaza'kara tripAThIne paNa umerI zakIe. yunivarsiTInI jJAnagaMgAne prajAnA AMgaNA sudhI pahAMcADavA mathatu. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva jevA paMDitanu 'vasaMta' paDitabhAgyatAnI sAthe leAkabhAgyatAne paNa lakSatu rahyuM hatuM. prArthanAsamAjanuM 'jJAnasudhA', gu. va. seAsAyaTInuM 'buddhiprakAza', amadAvAdanA badhusamAja'nuM 'suMdarIsukhAdha' maTubhAI kAMTA vaLAnuM sAhitya' ... ane hAjI mahammadanu vIsamI sadI' e badhAM mAsikeAne paNa ADaMbarI ane zabdabhAre zailI paravaDe ema na hatuM. gAMdhIjI AvatAM rahyosahyo pAMDitya-meAha paNa gayA.7 1

Page #365
340 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gAMdhIjInI preraNA ke AdezathI eka uttama kA` bhASAnI bAbatamAM e thayuM ke gevardhanarAma, narasiMharAva, kezavalAla dhruva jevA vidvAnA zabdonI joDaNI pAtapAtAnI rIte karatA hatA ane e kAraNe emAM ekarUpatAnA abhAva pravatA hatA e paristhiti sAva palaTAI gaI. gAMdhIjInAM sUcanA ane AgrahathI gUjarAta vidyApITha dvarA taiyAra karAvAI pragaTa thayela 'joDaNIkAza''thI gujarAtI bhASAnI joDaNImAMthI vividhatA ataMtratA ane manasvitA lagabhaga kAyama mATe adRzya thaI che ane e sugama bahujana mAnya ane nizcita banI che, joke tethI uccAraNane najIka janArI zAstrapUta joDaNI lAvavAnAM dvAra sadaMtara baMdha thayAM nathI evI haiyAdhAraNa gAMdhIjIe amadAvAdamAM thayelA gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA 12 mA saMmelananI viSayavicAriNI samitimAM pramukhasthAnethI ApI ja hatI (I. sa. 1936). gAMdhIjInA peAtAnA gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityane maLeleA pratyakSa phALA paNa che nathI. emanI AtmakathA satyanA prayAgA AtmakathAnA uttama ane anukaraNIya Adarza namUnA gujarAtI sAhitya mATe ja nahi, jagata samasta mATe banI cukela che. dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahano itihAsa' paNa emanI evA ja sarjanAtmaka aAthI dIpatI kRti che. e be pustAnI pahelAM emaNe I.sa. 1908 mAM lakhela 'hiMdasvarAja' emanI mUlagAmI krAMtikArI vicAraNA savAdazailImAM praznottara-rUpe saraLa bhASAmAM nibhIka spaSTatAthI rajU kare che. rAjakAraNa ja nahi, a kAraNakeLavaNI dharma samAjajIvana Arogya ema jIvananA ekeeka kSetranai sparzatA emanA 'navajIvana' tathA 'harijanabaMdhu' sAptAhikAmAMnA lekha, sAMkhyAbaMdha vyaktione emaNe lakhelA patra, aneka sthaLe e karelAM bhASaNa vagere je judI judI rIte have graMthastha banela che te gujarAtanA eka meTA lekhaka vicAraka ane sAhityakAra tarIke emane hakathI sthApI Ape che. emaNe prereluM sAhitya tA enAthIya vipula che. kAkA kAlelakara, mahAdevabhAI desAI, kize|ralAla mazarUvALA, vineAbA ane narahira parIkha jevA emanA AzramavAsI a MtevAsI sAthIoe, emaNe rASTriya zikSaNa arthe sthApelI gUjarAta vidyApIThanA rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha pAThaka, rasikalAla che!. parIkhala Adi adhyApakAe, vidyApITha sAthe saMlagna purAtattva maMdira' nA sukhalAlajI, jinavijayajI, becaradAsa dezI, dharmAnaMda kAsa`khI Adi vidvAnoe ane vidyApIThanA sneharazmi', caMdrazaMkara zukala, nagInadAsa pArekha, suMdaram', bhAgI

Page #366
sAhitya 341 lAla gAMdhI ane bIjA ghaNu snAtakee je badhuM lakhyuM-chapAvyuM che tene saravALe keTale moTe thAya! gAMdhIjInI parIkSa ane prerita sAhityasevAmAM gaNAvI zakAya tevuM te AnAthI paNa bIjuM ghaNuM che. 1920-22 nI asahakAranI, 1930 nI mIThAnA satyAgrahanI, 184ra nI "hiMda choDonI e traNe paradezI briTiza hakumatane bhAratavarSanI prajAe Apela lekavyApI laDatanA adhinAyaka gAMdhIjI hatA. evA tarIke prajAnA hadayasiMhAsana para pratiSThita thaI cUkyA hovAthI teo pote ja prazasti ane aMjalione eka moTo viSaya banI gayA. emanI pacAsamI janmatithine avasare nAnAlAla jevA pratibhAzALI ane supratiSThita kavi pAsethI suMdara prazasti ane aMjali gujarAtane tapasvI' kAvya dvArA teo pAmyA che. tyArathI zarU thayele emane mATe prazasti-pravAha emanA avasAna pachI paNa Aja sudhI avirata vaheto rahyo che. enuM sUkuM zarIra jANe lAkaDI re, mAMhe jorAvara ene jIva, evA gAMdhI gujarAte UtaryA re ane "e koNa che je ja, jeNe saune jagADyAM jevAM pahelI laDate prerelA vAtAvaraNanAM varSomAM lokapriya banelAM gItothI mAMDI bIjI laDate prerelAM meghANI suMdarama' "neharazmi umAzaMkara zrIdharANa Adi "gAMdhIyuga'nA lagabhaga eke eka uttamathI mAMDI sAdhAraNa sArA kavionI gAMdhIjI paranI kAvyaracanAo. ane trIjI laDate ane emanA avasAne temaja emanI jayaMtIo ane puNyatithione nimitte lakhAyelI DhagalAbaMdha kavitA enI bulaMda sAkSI pUre che, jemAM paradezI rAjasattAnA jela daMDa lAThI ane baMdUkamAM mUrta thatA damanane zastrabaLathI nahi, paNa AtmabaLathI ahiMsaka sAmane prajAe emanA netRtva nIce karavAne have evA ApaNuM e muktisaMgrAmanA traNe tabakkAe sarajAyelAM yuddhagIta ane rASTrabhaktinI kavitA tathA vArtA navalakathA nATaka jevA kyAtmaka sAhitya-sarjananA vipula rAzine paNa enI sAthe ja gaNAvAya. juvAna dilanAM svAtaMtraya mATenAM adhIrAI mumRtsA parAkrama ane balidAnanI bhAvanA trIsInI kavitAmAM bhAvanAtmaka stare UMcI uThAvAIne vyakta thayelI jazo. laDatane tathA enI sAthe saMpUta gAMdhIvicArane ApaNuM sAhityakAroe mAnasika anumodana ApeluM hovAthI ghaNuM kathAvArtA-sAhitya enuM pracAraka ke anumodaka banyuM hevAnuM ramaNalAla desAI, "sopAna', 'darzaka, rAmanArAyaNa nA. pAThaka, navalabhAI zAha AdinI ja nahi, bIjA ghaNAnI kRtie batAve che. dakSiNa AphrikAnA, kheDAnA, caMpAraNanA, amadAvAdanI majUra haDatALanA, bAraDolInA vagere

Page #367
34ra. AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI satyAgrahanA itihAsanAM temaja misara AyarlenDa haMgerI koriyA vagere dezonA muktisaMgrAmanA itihAsanAM pustako ane "yeravaDAnA anubhava" (gAMdhIjI), InsAna miTA dUgA' (zrIdharANI), "jela-oNphisanI bArI" (meghANI), "otarAdI dIvAle' (kAlelakara), baMdIghara' (darzaka) vagerenA jevuM jelajIvananuM sAhitya 10 ApaNA svarAjya saMgrAmane ane parokSa rIte enA senAnAyaka ane preraka gAMdhIjIne AbhArI che. gAMdhIjIe daridranArAyaNanI tathA gAmaDAMonI sevA upara bhAra mUkavAne pariNAme emanI grAmodvAra ane aspRzyatAnivAraNanI pravRttio grAmasevA ane aspRzyatAnivAraNane lakSatI navalakathAo sarajAvI che. sAhityakAronI sahAnubhUtino pradeza vistaratAM sAhitya vadhu jIvanalakSI banatuM cAlI vizeSa pramANamAM janatAbhimukha banyuM. ujaLiyAta madhyamavarganAM zrImaMta bhaNelAM ne zaherI pAtrone badale varSo sudhI sAhityamAM upekSita jevAM rahelAM garIba abhaNa nIcalA tharanAM ane gAmaDAMonAM mAnavIe emanA bhaugolika pradeza, samAjagata tathA vyaktigata jIvanavyavahAra, nityanAM tema AsamAnI-sulatAnI, sukhaduHkha, jIvanamAM UbhA thatA prazno, svabhAva saMskAra raheNI-karaNuM belI vagere sAthe sAhityamAM nirUpita thavA lAgatAM sAhityane viSayabhUta jIvanapradeza dharatInAM choru ane nIcalA madhyamavagI temaja zramajIvI samAja sudhI vistarato thayo. A valaNane madada karavA AvatA hoya tema gAmaDAMo ne grAmajIvanane anubhava meLavIne AvelA saMdarama' umAzaMkara pannAlAla peTalIkara maDiyA caMdaravAkara jevA navalahiyA lekhake paNa meghANuM pachI gujarAtane maLyA che. 11 sAhityamAM Ama navuM lohI AvatuM thayuM e paNa gAMdhIjIe UbhI karelI havAne ghaNe aMze AbhArI gaNI zakAya. cAla zatakanA AraMbhathI ane enA bIjA dasakAmAM prathama vizvayuddhanA ane gAMdhIjInI bhAratavarSanI sevAnA AraMbha pachI vizeSa vegathI dezamAM je navuM cetana skUravA lAgyuM hatuM tenuM gAMdhI-prabhAva sAthe samAMtare sama-samaye dekhAvA mAMDeluM pariNAma e hatuM. idulAla yAjJikanA "navajIvana ane satya mAsikanI saMjJAmAMthI 'navajIvana' zabdane pasaMdagI ApI, ene sAptAhika banAvI gAMdhIjI enA taMtrI banyA te pachInA dasakAmAM gujarAtamAM UbhAM thayelAM mAsikamAM "cetana gujarAta' "navacetana" "kumAra" "prasthAna' jevAM nAma paNa gujarAtamAM zarU thayela navajIvanamAM ane vikAsotsAhanAM dyotaka nathI? e sAhityakSetre paNa dekhAvA mAMDelI navI sarakRtinAM nirdezaka che. prArthanAsamAjanuM

Page #368
sAhitya 343 "jJAnasudhA' baMdha thaI gayuM, AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanuM "vasaMta" thAkavA lAgyuM hatuM, paNa maTubhAI kAMTAvALAnuM sAhitya tathA gu. va. sosAyaTInuM mukhapatra buddhiprakAza' navI havAne sparza anubhavatAM hatAM. baLavaMtarAya ThAkora hastakanI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanI bhaMDoLa samiti keTalAMka upayogI sAhityaprakAzana karatI jatI hatI. sAhityakSetre navI kRti dekhADatA kanaiyAlAla munazIe muMbaImAM sthApelI sAhityarasike ane lekhakenI "sAhityasaMsadI vyAkhyAnAdi pravRtti sAthe "madhyakALane sAhityapravAha jevAM nedhapAtra pustaka pragaTa karavA lAgI hatI. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM taMtra ThAkora pachI munazI hastaka AvyA bAda ane enuM baMdhAraNa racAyA pachI eNeya pitA taraphathI pustake pragaTa karavA mAMDyAM. galiyArA pAritoSiko pachI gujarAta sAhitya sabhAamadAvAde "raNajitarAma suvarNacaMdrakathI sAhityakArone saMmAnavA mAMDyA. e sabhAe vArSika graMtha-samIkSAnuM raNajitarAme zarU karI cIdheluM kArya hAtha dharI e tathA gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda jevAM pustakonuM prakAzana AraMbhya. gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI(jeNe navI havAmAM gujarAta vidyAsabhA' nAma svIkAryuM )e pitAnI sAhityaprakAzana-pravRttione vega vadhArI ramaNabhAI pachI narasiMharAva, kezavalAla dhruva AnaMdazaMkara dhruva ane vidyAbahena nIlakaMThanA lekha graMthastha karI pustakAkAre prasiddha karavA sAthe narmadAzaMkara mahetAnA akhAnI vedAMtI kavitAnAM tathA upaniSada-vicAraNanAM pustaka pragaTa karyA. enA aMgabhUta bhe. je. vidyAbhavanamAM ItihAsa ne saMzodhananAM pustaka paNa pachI pragaTa thavA lAgyAM. evuM ja madhyakAlIna sAhityanI keTalIka kRtionAM saMzodhana-saMpAdana- prakAzananuM upayogI kArya muMbaInI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAe paNa karyuM. hiMdu dharma ane tatvajJAnanA pAyAnA graMtha "bhagavadgItAne sAva sastI kiMmate prajAnA ghara gharamAM pahoMcADavAnA sadAzayathI "sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya zarU karanAra bhikSu akhaMDAnaMde prakAzana-pravRtti vyApaka pramANamAM vistArI prajAne rAmAyaNa bhAgavata mahAbhArata gavAsiSTha jevA dharmagraMthanA gujarAtI anuvAda, akho prItama giradhara Adi madhyakAlIna kavionI kRtio, caraka ne suzrutanA vaidyakajhathenA anuvAda, caitanya rAmakRSNa-paramahaMsa vivekAnaMda rAmatIrtha Adi mahAtmAonAM caritrane upadeza ane evuM te ghaNuM bedhaka sAhitya sastI kiMmate pahacADayuM. gUjarAta vidyApITha ane purAtatva maMdiranAM temaja navajIvana prakAzana maMdiranAM prakAzane sAthe saurASTra kAryAlayanAM medhANI-saMpAditalikhita pustaka, rASTriya zikSaNanI saMsthA dakSiNAmUrti vidyAthI--bhavananAM

Page #369
344 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI zikSaNavicAranAM pustaka, prasthAnanI sastI graMthamALAnAM temaja bhAratI sAhitya saMghanI graMthamALAnAM pustaka-AmAM paNa uparanAMnI sAthe vicAre te gujarAtamAM "saMsArasudhArAyuga" ane "paMDitayuga" karatAM gAMdhIyugIna cetana ane nava saMskRtie sAhityakSetre kevuM vyApaka ane vaividhyavaMtuM kArya dekhADyuM che ene khyAla Avaze. "Urmi navaracanA" "saMskRti "rekhA" "saMsAra' vagere mAsika tathA "phArbasa sabhA saimAsikanI sevA paNa visarAya nahi. e nava skRti 1921 thI 1930nA dasakAe AgaLa gaNAvyAM te navAM mAsikanA ane navajIvana" tathA "saurASTra jevAM sAptAhikanA udayathI ja batAvI ema nathI, sarajAtA sAhityamAM paNa e spaSTa rIte mUta thaI che. kavitAmAM nAnAlAla ane khabaradAra potAnI rIte pradAna karyuM jatA hatA, paNa navA kavionuM AkarSaNa baLavaMtarAya ThAkora ane "kAMta bhaNI vadhavA lAgyuM. munazInI atihAsika ane sAmAjika navalakathAonI lekapriyatAmAM bhAga paDAve tevuM ramaNalAla desAInuM navalakathAlekhana A dasakAmAM AraMbhAyuM, TUMkI vArtAmAM viziSTa siddhi batAvanAra "dhUmaketu' ane 'dvirephane udaya paNa A dasakAmAM ja, eka bAju nAnAlAlanAM be mughala nATaka ane "vizvagItA, to bIjI bAju "kAMta'nAM be nATaka ane ThAkoranuM "UgatI juvAnI" nATaka gujarAtane maLyAM, e sAthe munazI ane caMdravadana mahetA nATakalekhaka tarIke AgaLa AvyA temaja baTubhAI umaravADiyA, prANajIvana pAThaka ane yazavaMta paMDayAnI kalamathI ekAMkInA nATayaprakAranI paNa zarUAta thaI. munazI--caMdravadana mahetAnAM nATaka bhajavAtAM avaitanika raMgabhUmine udaya ane cIlAcAlu dhaMdhAdArI gujarAtI raMgabhUminI avadazAne AraMbha paNa A dasakAne phALe jAya. sAhitya-vivecanakSetre rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka, vijayarAya vaidya, vizvanAtha bhaTTa, viSNuprasAda trivedI AdinI pravRttine ane vijayarAya vaidya-saMpAdita kaumudI' saimAsikane tejasvI AraMbha; hAsyasAhityamAM ane haLavA nibaMdhamAM jatIMdra dave, rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka, vijayarAya vaidya, gaganavihArI mahetA, munikumAra bhaTTa jevAonI kalame keTaluMka noMdhapAtra kArya; meghANInI "saurASTranI rasadhAramALAthI lokasAhityanAM ane gijubhAI badhekAnI kalame bALasAhityanAM saMpAdana-lekhana-prakAzana mATe UbhI thayelI havA; pitAnI rIte sAruM kAma bajAvatAM rahelAM "gujarAtI prajAbaMdhu' ane gujarAtI paMca" karatAM pitAnI navI bhAta pADatAM sAptAhika 'navajIvana' ane 'saurASTra12 patrakAratvamAM pragaTAvela navuM teja; A badhuM paNa A dasakAnuM pradAna. pachInA be dasakAe A skUrtine AgaLa laI jaI gujarAtI sAhityanI siddhine sArA pramANamAM vadhArI che.

Page #370
sAhitya:' - 345 emAM gaNanApAtra phALo aMgrejI ane pAzcAtya sAhityanAM ApaNe tyAM vadhatAM rahelAM paricaya-parizIlanane paNa gaNyA vinA cAle nahi. munazInI navalakathAo pAchaLa elekajhAnDara DumAnI navalakathAo, dhUmaketu' Adi vArtAkArenI vArtAo pAchaLa yuropI-amerikI vArtAkAronI vArtAo, prANajIvana pAThaka ane baTubhAI jevAnI nATayaracanAo pAchaLa imsane AdinA nATaka, vijayarAya vaidya jevAnI nibaMdhikAo pAchaLa aMgrejI haLavA nibaMdha, baLavaMtarAya ThAkoranI kavitA pAchaLa anu-vikaToriyana aMgrejI kavitA ane phrenca-aMgrejI pratIkavAdI kavionI kAvyabhAvanA tema vijayarAya vaidya ane viSNuprasAda trivedI tathA ghaNuM anugAmI vivecakonA vivecana pAchaLa pazcimanuM vivecana AghethI preraNA ApatA namUnA tarIke UbhAM rahelAM hevAnuM mAnI zakAya. dalapatarAma ane narmadAzaMkaranA jamAnA karatAM "paMDitayuganA sAhityamAM kalAdraSTi ane sauMdarya-sAdhanAnuM pramANa vizeSa ane gAMdhIyuganA sAhityamAM enAthIya vizeSa jaNAvAnuM kAraNa pazcimanA sAhityane vadhatA jatA saMparka tema prabhAva che. "kalAne khAtara kalA'ne phAnsaIMglenDane vAda ahIMnA sAhityakArone paNa AkaSI vadhate oche aMze prabhAvita karI gayAnuM batAvI zakAya ema che. sAhityakRtinI uddezalakSitA ke saMdezavAhakatAnuM sadaMtara vilepana thavuM ke karavuM lagabhaga azakya che, paraMtu prAdhAnya ene nahi, paNa kRtiniSpAdya AnaMda ke rasAnubhavane ane ene sAdhI ApatA kalAvidhAnane tathA sarjane pakAraka sauMdaryadaSTine maLatuM thayuM. enuM eka pariNAma kRtinA vaTara peTare puraskArela medanivAraNa(Removal of surplusage)-rUpe AvatuM thayuM, je uttarottara vadhatuM gayuM che. pazcimanA sAhityamAM gayA zatakamAM remenTika saMcalana(romantic movement)ne je prabhAva hato te cAlu zatakamAM ghaTavA mAMDatAM pahelA vizvayuddha pachI sAhitya svAbhAvikatA ane vAstaviktA bhaNuM vizeSa vaLavA lAgyuM. vijJAnanI pragati ane audyogika krAMtie je paristhiti sarajavA mAMDatAM teNe jIvana ane samAjavyavasthAmAM jabaruM parivartana ANa ApI je navA prazna UbhA karyA teone emAM sIdho tema parokSa phaLa lekhAya. sAmAnya mAnavIne jIvanavigraha ane enA anekavidha zoSaNanI sabhAnatA jAgatAM eNe paNa bhAvanAnA vAyavI vyomavihArane cheDI dharAtala para jivAtA enI asuMdaratA ne adhara sAthenA vAstava jIvana bhaNuM sAhityasarjakanI saMvedanAne vALI. gAMdhIyuganA gujarAtI sAhitya upara AvA pazcimI sAhityanI paNa asara paDavI. joIe teTalI paDI che. gujarAtanA sAhityakAroe 1930thI 1960nA gALAmAM kautukarAgI (romantic)

Page #371
346 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sarjakenAM sarjanasvAtaMtrya baMDakherI ane prayogazIlatA jALavI rAkhI nirUpaNaviSaya ane nirUpaNapaddhatimAM je vAstavadarzI jIvanalakSitA emanA purogAmIo karatAM vizeSa dekhADI che 14 temAM gAMdhIjInAM dalitAnukaMpA ane mAnavapreme temaja pAzcAtya sAhityanI upara darzAvI tevI dUranI asare jevo bhAga bhajavyo che te ja mArkasa prerita sAmyavAdI vicAraNue paNa bhajavyo che. 1917 mAM varga vihIna samAjaracanAnA aMtima lakSya sAthe raziyAmAM thayelI rAjyakrAMtie pahelA vizvayuddhanA bhramavilepaka AghAta pachI duniyA ane mAnavI mATe eka navI AzA janmAvI te 1928nI jagaDhayApI Arthika kaTokaTI pachI vadhatAM mAsanI vicAraNA bhaNuM duniyAnA tema bhAratanA saMvedanazIla vicAravAnuM AkarSaNa vadhyuM. audyogika krAMti pachI khAnagI mAlikInAM kArakhAnAMo ane meTA udyogoe vadhAreluM riddhivaMto ane akiMcana (haves and have-nots) vaccenuM aMtara ane viSama asamAnatA emanA Akrozane viSaya banavA lAgyAM. 1930 pachI gujarAtI kavitAmAM je dalita-gAna tema kAMti-gAna zarU thayuM te enI asaranuM pariNAma che. gAMdhIyuganA ne gAMdhI-prerita agraNI kavi "suMdarama' cAla samAjavyavasthAnI viSamatA cIMdhI batAvatuM citra "traNa paDazI" kAvyamAM AlekhI sahRdaya vAcakanA dilamAM lAgaNuM ane vicAramaMthana upajAve che. umAzaMkara jozI jaTharAgni' kAvyamAM zrImatine sIdhI cetavaNI emanA AgAmI bhAvi vize saMbhaLAve che. pUjArI pAcho jA(zrIdharANuM), "harinAM locaniyAM (karazanadAsa mANeka) ane "koyA bhagatanI kaDavI vANuM" ("suMdarama')ne sarajAvanAra manebhAva e ja prakAra che, ene vyakta karavAne kalAprayoga judo che. upavAsI ane "svapnastha" te pUrA sAmyavAdI kavi banI gayA dekhAya. meghANI paNa "yugavaMdanA'mAM evuM krAMtigAna utsAhathI lalakAre che. vArtA-nATaka-navalakathA sAhityamAM paNa A bhAvanA ThIka ThIka UtarelI batAvI zakAya ema che. "navI duniyA kAryAlayanI e dasakAmAM keTalIka vakhata cAlelI prakAzana pravRtti temaja "pragatizIla' lekhakenuM "suMdarama' ane mitronA prayAsathI thoDA samaya mATe UbhuM thayeluM maMDaLa A prabhAvanAM nidarzaka tarIke ullekhapAtra gaNAya.5 sAmyavAdI chApanI pragatizIla dRSTithI sarajAtA sAhityane avalokavAno prayAsa sva. navalarAma trivedIe gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnI pitAnI vArSika samIkSAmAM karyo hato e paNa atre yAda Ave. ziSTo taraphathI sAhityane mAsavAdI "pragatizIlatAthI bAMdhI devAthI pracArakatAmAM sarI paDavAnA bhayanA sUcana sAthe sAhityanAM sAhityatatva tathA kalAtatva para bhAra mukAtAM ane raziyAmAM bIjA vizvayuddha pachI sAmyavAdI

Page #372
sAhitya 347 zAsanane vizeSa paricaya thatAM sAmyavAdI vicArasaraNuM bhaNanA AkarSaNamAM ThIka ThIka oTa AvelI sAhityamAM dekhAya che. e bAbatamAM chelluM valaNa vAdanA AgrahanuM moTI mAnavapremanuM banI rahyuM che ema kahevAmAM harakta nathI. sAhitya upara prabhAva pADanAra vyaktivizeSamAM gAMdhIjI ane kArla mArkasa gaNAvyA te evo ja viziSTa prabhAva pADanAra mAnasazAstrI pheIDanI vAta paNa karavI joIe. sAhityane sanAtana viSaya mAnavI ane judA judA saMdarbhamAM enAM vRtti vyApAra ane taberita vartana che. pratibhAzALI sAhityasarjake parakAyApravezanA emane sahajasiddha ane Avazyaka evA kImiyAthI mAnavInuM jIvaMta Alekhana karatA ja AvyA che. zekasapiyarane ke premAnaMdane mAnasazAstranAM pustaka vAMcavAM paDyAM nathI, paNa mAnasazAstranuM adhyayana arvAcIna yugamAM vadhatAM ane khAsa te phaoNIDa ane enA thoDA samayanA be samartha sAthI juga ane eNDalaranAM mAnava-mAnasanAM adhyayana-saMzodhana-tAraNa pAzcAtya sAhitya para asara karyA vinA rahyAM nathI. kathAtmaka sAhityamAM ghaTanA karatAM pAtracitraNa upara ane emAMya pAtranAM aptaraMgI manogata UMDANa ane sUkSama jaTila vRttivyApAronA adala nirUpaNa upara vizeSa, ane bIjA para te pUro, bhAra mukAtAM pAtronA AMtaracetanApravAha(Stream of conciousness)nA jhINavaTabharyA nirUpaNanuM je gaurava thayuM che temAM phoIDanI ane Adhunika mAnasazAstranI asara prabhAvaka rahI kahevAya. gujarAtI lekhakee pitatAnI zakti ane phAvaTa pramANe pitAnA sarjanamAM pAtronA bhItarane rajU karavAnI kaLA ke AvaData vicAra viSaya-samayAvadhimAM batAvI che. e pachInA gALAmAM enI upara vadhu ne vadhu lakSa apAtuM thayuM che. A jotAM pheIDanI asara sAhityanI bAbatamAM vizeSa sthAyI rUpanI gaNAya. I.sa. 1939 thI 1945 nuM bIju vizvayuddha laDAyuM te hatuM bhAratavarSanI bahAra, yurepa AphrikA ane eziyAnI bhUmi upara, paNa briTiza sattAe bhAratavarSaneya emAM bhAgIdAra banAvyuM hoI enI parokSa asararUpe aMdhArapaTa rezaniMga kALAbajAra naphAkhorI moMghavArI, baMgALane kAraNe dukALa, jApAnI AkramaNane phaphaDAvate bhaya, A badhAMnA anubhavamAMthI prajAne pasAra thavuM paDayuM hatuM. "saMdarama" ane umAzaMkara jevA kavio pAsethI jagatanA A bhISaNa saMgrAma eka be kAvyaracanAo kaDhAvI nathI ema nathI, paNa enAtha kharA dhUNI UThayA te jaNAyA hatA baLavaMtarAya ThAkora. emanI ThIka ThIka racanAo maLI che. kavizrI nAnAlAlanI "dhrAMgaDa dhrAMgaDa bAjatA jage kALanA Dhola" e paMktithI zarU

Page #373
348 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI thatI, "jadunAtha! jadukuLa saMhAriyuM, manukuLa mAM saMhArazo dharmabhUlyAM ane "parameza! padhAre, sthirAvo dharA" ema prabhune prArthatI ane cothA khaMDamAM nathI deza ke veza, prajAnAM ghamaMDa, eka mAnava mAnavatAmAM rame' evA "jagamaMdirane abhilaSatI "saMgrAmacoka e kAvyaracanA paNa khAsa beMdhapAtra che. pelA anubhavo temaja vizvayuddhanAM varasamAM ja khelAyela "hiMda choDone maraNiye jaMga ane paradezI sattAnuM evuM ja jhanUnI damana vArtA nATaka navalakathA kavitA vagere sAhityasvarUpamAM Alekhana pAmyA vinA rahyAM nathI. bhAratavarSanI bahAra e ja gALAmAM netAjI subhASacaMdra bojhe sthApelI AjhAda hiMda phoja ane enAM parAkrama ApaNane porasa caDAve tevAM hAI netAjI ane emanI pheja vize ThIka ThIka sAhitya prakAzita thayuM hatuM enI atre neMdha levI ghaTe; joke emAM patrakAratvanA aMza svAbhAvika rIte vadhu hatA. enA pachInI mahatvanI etihAsika ghaTanA che 1947nI 15 mI oNgasTanI madhyarAtrie bhAratavarSa mATe kAyama mATe yAdagAra banAvatI svAtaMtryaprApti, ene jema deza samastanA tema gujarAtanA kavivaMde harakhathI chalakAtA hRdaye vadhAvI che. prajAne sahastramukhI umaLake ja emAM abhivyakta thayuM hatuM. dezanA paDelA anicchita bhAgalAnI vedanAne aMtaramAM DhabUrI daIne e umaLake parazAsanamAMthI muktinA AnaMdarUpe vyakta thayuM hatuM, paNa e AnaMdane khAro jhera karI mUke tevI bhAgalAnA pariNAmarUpa jheranAM vamana druSa hiMsA lUMTa baLAtkAra ane dharmAtaranAM vinAzaka baLAe vartAvela kera, be komonI sAmasAmI kaleAma, pyArA vatanamAMthI gharabAra ne milakata cheDI baMne kemone karavI paDelI sAmUhika hijarata, hiMdu-muslima ekatA ne baMdhutva mATe varSo sudhI mathelA gAMdhIjIno dAruNa mane vyathA ane aMtima tapazcaryA pachI thayelI emanI aNadhArI hatyA-e sarva karuNa ghaTanAonA sAkSI saune banavuM paDayuM. saMvedanA-prANu sAhityakAro enA AghAta-pratyAghAtane sAhityamAM vAcA ApyA vinA na ja rahe. emAMya gAMdhIjInA dehAMtanA prakAre vedanAthI samasamo lAgaNIbhIne ane pUjyabhAvabharyo je artha kavigaNe emane Ape che tenI sAhityika mUlyavattA ochI nathI. e pachInA dasakAne svAtaMttara vizeSaNathI navAjavo hoya te bhale, bAkI eneya "gAMdhIyuga'mAM samAvavo hoya te ema thaI zake ema che. alaga paDelA bhArate salukAIthI alaga sthapAyelA pAkistAna sAthe jALavele maitrIsaMbaMdha, paMDita javAharalAla naherue ghaDelI ane atyAra sudhI paLAyelI navA bhAratanI taTasthatAvAdI videza nIti, bhArate cIna ane agni eziyAnA dezane

Page #374
sAhitya 349 sAthe rAkhI paMcazIlanI bhAvanA ke nItinI karelI puraskRti, zastradaDa ane aNubomba jevAM vinAzaka astronI sAme eNe karyA kare virodha, paMcAyatarAja dvArA lekazAhI vikeMdrIkaraNane eNe Adarele pravega, yuddhanAbUdI ane zAMti mATe eNe sevele ane prabodhele Agraha, moTA udyoganI sAthe khAdI ane laghu tathA kuTira prakAranA grAmodyogane uttejana ApavAnI eNe akhatyAra karelI nIti-A badhuM gAMdhIvicAra cAlu ane prabhAvaka rahyAnI sAkSI pUre evuM che. vinebAnI bhUdAna-pravRtti grAmAbhimukha sarvodayamUlaka ahiMsaka krAMtine abhilakSatI hAI e paNa gAMdhIjInA kAryane AgaLa laI jatuM enuM vistaraNa ja hatuM. Ama chatAM, cokkasa samayanirdezanI sagavaDa sAru svarAjyazAsananA prAraMbha ane gAMdhIjInA mRtyu pachInA samayane "svAtaMttara ke svarAjyane yuga" kahevAmAM vAMdhe nathI. e samayanI mUratavaMtI traNa siddhi te visthApitenuM punaHsthApana, dezI rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa ane bhAratane samAjavAdane vareluM bina-majhahabI gaNataMtra jAhera karatA samavAyI prakAranA rAjayabaMdhAraNanI prajAne apAyelI bheTa. e pachI tarata paMcavarSIya yojanAo dvArA hAtha dharAyelo rASTrano sarvAgI vikAsa tema navotthAnane pracaMDa puruSArtha vinebAnA bhUdAnayajJanA jeTaluM ja utsAhI anumodana sAhityasarjake pAsethI pAme che. eka kavie te pitAnA kAvyamAM ema kahI nAkhyuM ke have mane paravuM nahi game, mAre dezane A bhavya jIvaMta puruSArtha jovA vadhu jIvavuM che. bhUdAna-pravRttie enA preraka-prabaMdhaka vinebAne prazastithI navAjatAM ane emanA saMdezanA vAhaka ane anumodaka banatAM saMkhyAbaMdha kAvya ziSTa varganA tema dulA kAga jevA leka-kavinA varganA kavio pAse lakhAvyAM che. svarAjyanA pahelA dasakAmAM prathama vaDodarA khAte ane pachI amadAvAda mukAme ema be yunivarsiTI ane pachI ANaMda pAse vallabhavidyAnagaramAM saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, ema traNa yunivarsiTI sthapAI. gujarAta khAte svataMtra yunivarsiTI sthApavAno vicAra vaDodarAnA mahArAjA sayAjIrAvane prathama AveluM ane emaNe 1926 mAM e arthe munazI ane gujarAtanA vidvAnanI pAse enAM yojanA ane svarUpa vicArAvyAM hatAM tethI vaDodarA khAte sthapAyelA nivAsI yunivarsiTInI AgaLa e rAjavInuM nAma joDavAmAM AvyuM e ucita hatuM. A yunivarsiTIe mAM gujarAta yunivarsiTIe zikSaNa-parIkSaNanuM mAdhyama gujarAtI banAvI judA judA abhyAsa-viSayenA aMgrejI pAribhASika zabdanA samAnAthe gujarAtI zabdanI pustikAo te te viSayanAM gujarAtImAM lakhAtAM

Page #375
350 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI thayelAM pAThyapustakenI sahAya arthe taiyAra karAvI e eka sAruM kAma thayuM. traNe yunivarsiTIo taraphathI pustaka paNa prakAzita thavA lAgyAM, jemAM vaDodarA yunivarsiTInI prAcIna gurjara graMthamALAnA madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kRtionAM saMzodhita saMpAdanee etadviSayaka purogAmI kAryane AgaLa laMbAvyAnI sevA enA saMpAdaka De. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAnA utsAhathI bajAvI che. A dasakAmAM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade vadhu lokazAhI svarUpa pakaDI navI kRti dAkhavavAnuM AraMbhya e paNa nedhavuM joIe. bhASAvAra rAjayaracanAe pradezabhASAonA vikAsane mATe prathama dvibhASI muMbaI rAjayane ane pachI svataMtra gujarAta rAjyane sUjhatAM pagalAM levA preryA ene AraMbha paNa A dasakAmAM rAjaya taraphathI varasamAM pragaTa thayelA sAhityanA judA judA prakAro ke svarUpanAM pustakomAMthI uttama ne mAtabara rakamanA purarakArathI navAjavAnuM AraMbhAyuM e tathA lokasAhitya samitinI sthApanA sAhityane upakAraka pravRtti hatI, to rAjyavahIvaTa pradazabhASAmAM karavAnuM zarU thayuM e bhASAne upakAraka sevA svarAjayazAsananI kahevAya. gujarAta-mahArASTranA lekavirodha vacce zarU thayelA dvibhASI muMbaI rAjyanuM mahArASTra ane gujarAtamAM vibhAjana thaI 1 me, 1960 nA roja astitvamAM AvelA gujarAta rAjyanI vidhAnasabhAe je pahele adhiniyama (Act) pasAra karyo te gujarAtI ane hidIne potAnI rAjyabhASA (official language) banAvavAne hato. "vahIvaTI zabdaza", "mArgadarzikA', e beunI puravaNI, "sarakArI lekhana-paddhati', kAyadAnA pAribhASika zabdone kaSa' jevAM pustaka je e hetunI siddhione madadagAra thavA taiyAra karAI prakAzita thayAM teone samaya AnI pachInA dasakAmAM Ave che. paribhASA ane dezanI vAta thaI te evA bhASA-sAhityanA adhyayanane sahAyaka anivArya saMdarbhagraMthonI bAbatamAM A agAu A graMthanI samayamaryAdAmAM thayelA kAryane paNa ullekha atre karavo Avazyaka bane che. gUjarAta vidyApIThane joDaNIkoza' prathama te joDaNIkeza ja hato, paNa pachInI dareka AvRtti veLAe joDaNI sAthe artha batAvatAM vadhu ne vadhu zabdane keza banate gayo che. gujarAta varnAkayulara sesAyaTIe keTalAMka varSo pahelAM gujarAtI bhASAne keza" taiyAra karAvI chapAvyuM hatuM. (e saMsthAe "paurANika kathAkeza" tathA "phArasI-arabI koza' paNa pragaTa karela che.) e kezanA punarAvartananA eka bhAgarUpe 'varNa pUrata keza sva. kezavalAla dhruve namUnArUpe taiyAra karI Apela te emanA avasAna pachI e saMsthA e pragaTa karyo che. gujarAtI vidvAnoe aMgrejI zabdanA yojelA

Page #376
sAhitya 351 gujarAtI paryAyane avataraNonA purAvA sAthe sva. vizvanAtha ma. bhaTTa pAse taiyAra karAvela "pAribhASika koza" paNa e saMsthAe be bhAgamAM 1930 ne e pachInA varSamAM pragaTa karela tenI upayogitA svayaMspaSTa che. goMDaLanA rAjavI bhagavatasiMhajInA khaMtIlA ane mahattvAkAMkSI prayAsanA phaLarUpa "bhagavadgomaMDala'nA bRhatkAya nava graMthanuM emanA avasAna bAda e rAjaya taraphathI sva. caMdulAla paTele karela saMpAdana-prakAzana abhyAsaviSaya-samayagALAne khAte jamA thayelI eka viziSTa siddhi che. A gALAmAM pragaTa thayela madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kRtionAM saMpAdananI pAchaLa ApelAM te te kRti pUratA jUnA zabdonA artha ane vyutpattio te badhAnA ekatrIkaraNathI madhyakAlIna gujarAtI zabdazanI ane bhASA tathA vyAkaraNane lagatA abhyAsalekhee gujarAtI bhASAnAM utpatti ane vikAsanAM tathA ene zAstrazuddha vyAkaraNanAM pustake mATenI pUrvabhUmikA ThIka ThIka pramANamAM taiyAra karI ApI che. bhAratIya tema pAzcAtya sAhityamImAMsAne yathAcita viniyoga svakIya vivaraNa-vicAraNA sAthe karAtI je sAhityacarcA gAMdhIyuganA vidvAne pAsethI lekhe rUpe maLI che te paNa ApaNI sAhitya-samaja vadhArI ane cokhkhI karI samakAlIna sAhityasarjanane upakAraka banI kahevAya. DAhyAbhAI derAsarInA "sAThInA sAhityanuM digdarzana ane kRSNalAla jhaverInA gujarAtI sAhityanA mArga sUcaka staMbho pachI gujarAtI sAhityane ItihAsa potapotAnI viziSTa rIte AlekhavAne je prayAsa kanaiyAlAla munazI, kezavarAma zAstrI, vijayarAya vaidya ane A lakhanAre karyo che tene sevA prakAra paNa e ja kahI zakAya. I sa. 1914 thI 1960 nA sADAcAra dasakAnA sAhityapravAhanuM AgaLanuM samagradaza siMhAvalokana e tAraNa upara AvavA abhyAsIone avazya prere ema che ke A kAlakhaMDamAM gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhitya neMdhapAtra pragati sAdhI navAM teja ane zakti gadya ane padya, tathA lalita ane zAstrIya, ubhaya prakAranA vADamayamAM dAkhavyAM che kavitA saMgItanuM dAsIpaNuM choDI, enI sakhI banI, pAThathatA ane ageyatA tarapha vaLI saMskRta akSarameLa vRttonI custIne sevatAM bhAvAnukULa chaMdamizraNamAM thoDI mokaLAza mANI, aMgrejI blenka varsa'ne gujarAtI paryAya zodhavA mathI, pravAhitA sAdhavA cha dane paraMparita upaga ajamAvI, padyamuktinI dizA bhaNuM vaLI. baLavaMtarAya ThAkoranI kavitA ane kAvyabhAvanA bhaNI AkarSAI. pocaTa UrmivilAsa, zabdamoha ane kalpanAne vyomavihAra cheDI ciMtanapradhAna, mUtA prema ane dhara.lakSI banavA sAthe ane sAmAjika sabhAnatAne

Page #377
3para AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI bhajavA sAthe kalApekSI zilpavidhAnanI sabhAnatA paNa prayogazIlatAnI sAthe ja keLavatI thaI "suMdarama' ane umAzaMkara dvArA UMcAM zikhara paNa eNe sara ryA TUMkI vArtA dhanasukhalAla raNajitarAma ane munazI- malayAnila'nA prAthamika prayAsa pachI "dhUmaketu' ane "direphanI kalame surekha kalAvidhAna pAmI sAhityakSetre supratiSThita thaI, ghaNI kalamane pitAnI tarapha AkaSI "suMdarama' umAzaMkara pannAlAla maDiyA ane jayaMtI dalAla dvArA pragatisopAne caDatI thaI. lekapriyatAmAM TUMkI vArtAne TapI javA mAMDelI navalakathAe munazI ane ramaNalAla desAInuM noMdhapAtra sarjana dekhADI "dhUmaketu', cunIlAla zAha ne meghANu jevAne tema guNavaMtarAya AcArya, sopAna "darzaka pannAlAla maDiyA peTalIkara Adi navIne potAnI tarapha vALI, jema govardhanarAmanA "sarasvatIcaMdra' pachI munazInA gujarAtanA nAthamAM bIjA pagalAnuM tema pannAlAla paTelanAM maLelA jIva' ane "mAnavInI bhavAI'thI e pachInuM trIjuM parAkramI vAmana-pagaluM bharyuM. nATakamAM munazI ane caMdravadane sAhityanAM nATaka ane raMgabhUmi vaccenI khAI pUravAnuM karyuM. eNe sthagita nATayalekhanane gati ApatAM 19ra0 sudhInI sthiti sudharI ane nATake thoDAM vadhu lakhAtAM thayAM. e pachI isana-zailInAM nATakanI baTubhAI umaravADiyA ane yazavaMta paMDayA jevAne hAtha zubha zarUAta thaI. ekAMkI caMdravadana mahetA, umAzaMkara jozI, jayaMtI dalAla ane maDiyAnI kalame sAhityamAM tema avaitanika raMgabhUmi para pratiSThAnuM sthAna pAmyuM. nibaMdha pravAsavarNana ane caritranA sAhityakAra sarjanAtmaka aMzone chaMTakAvathI rasAtmaka banAvI zakAya e kAkA kAlelakaranA nibaMdha tathA "smaraNyAtrA'e tema vIra narmada "zuklAraka ane "narasaiyo bhakta harine jevI kRtioe batAvI ApyuM. sAhityavivecana paNa zuSka ane gaMbhIra maTI yathAvakAza tIkhuM haLavuM ane rasALa banI zake e paNa ApaNe tyAM vijayarAya baTubhAI Adi dvArA jevA maLyuM. patrakAratva paNa jhamakadAra banI zake e "saurASTra' sAptAhike ane enI zailInA anusaraNe batAvI ApyuM. TUMkamAM kahIe te A samayAvadhimAM gujarAtanA sAhitya AdhuniktAmAM be DagalAM vadhu AgaLa bharyA che ane e pachInI vizeSa AdhunikatA mATe e taiyAra thaI UbhuM che. e vizeSa AdhunikatA kaI e 1960 pachInA yuganI vAta heI atre prastuta nathI.

Page #378
sAhitya puravaNI16 upara ApaNe prAyaH gujarAtI lalita sAhityanI ane sAthe sAthe keTalAka lalitetara sAhityanI samIkSA karI. ahI' emAM keTalIka lalitetara kRtie umerIe, 353 itihAsanA viSayamAM gujarAtanA itihAsanA amuka khaDI ke amuka pAsAM vize keTalIka talaspazI abhyAsapUrNa kRtio lakhAI, jemake 'gujarAtanA madhyaDhAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa' (du. ke, zAstrI), 'gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsa : islAmayuga', khaMDa 1 thI 4 (ratnamaNirAva joTa) ane maitrakakAlIna gujarAta' (hariprasAda zAstrI), 'purANeAmAM gujarAta'(umAzaMkara jozI), jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta' ane mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDaLa tathA sa`skRta sAhityamAM tenA phALA' (bhAgIlAla sAMDesarA) 'gujarAtanI rAjadhAnIo' (ra. che. parIkha) ane 'kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana' (rAmasiMha rATheDa) A saMdarbhamAM ullekhanIya che. mukhyatve bhAMDArakaranA aMgrejI graMthanA AdhAre durgAzaMkara zAstrIe taiyAra karela vaiSNava dharmanA sakSipta itihAsa' tathA zaivadharmanA sakSipta itihAsa', ratnamaNirAvanuM seAmanAtha', `ke, kA. zAstrInuM zrIvallabhAcA mahAprabhujI', na. de. mahetAnA hiMdu tattvajJAnanA itihAsa,' vineAbA bhAvenAM gItA pravacana', prA. dAvaranuM meAta para manana,' mazarUvALAnu` 'samULI krAMti,' paMDita sukhalAlajInu... 'darzana ane ciMtana' bhAga 1-2, gAMdhIjInuM dharmAM maMthana', lekhaDavAlAnA phArasI sAhityane itihAsa' ityAdi graMthA paNa gujarAtI sAhityamAM khAsa ullekhanIya gaNAya. 'mahAdevabhAInI DAyarI' bhAga 1 thI 5 A kAlakhaMDanAM prakAzAmAM gAMdhIjInI 'AtmakathA'nA jevuM agrima sthAna dharAve che. upara gaNAvelI kRtio udAharaNAtmaka che; A kAlakhaMDanAM prakAzAmAM evI khIjI aneka kRtio paNa ullekhanIya gaNAya. 2. gujarAtI anuvAda sAhitya 7 gujarAtI sAhitya maulika kRtie uparAMta anya bhASAomAMthI thayelA gujarAtI anuvAdAthI paNu samRddha thayu che. A prakAranI anuvAda pravRttimAM gujarAta varnAkayulara seAsAyaTIne phrALA nAMdhapAtra che. phArasImAMthI mirAte sikaMdarI' ane 'mirAte ahamadI'nAM graMtharatnAnA 23

Page #379
354 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI anuvAda karAvyo. aMgrejImAM hiMdanA ItihAsane lagatA graMthomAM praziSTa gaNato vinsenTa smithanA Early History of India anuvAda hiMdustAnane prAcIna itihAsa' nAme karAye. evI rIte marAThImAMthI sara desAInA be graMtho-musalamAnI riyAsata" ane "marAThI riyAsatanA anuvAda bahAra paDyA che. jayasvAlanA Hindu Polity ne anuvAda "hiMdu rAjyavyavasthA" nAme pragaTa thaye. eca. jI. velsanA "jagatane rekhAtmaka ItihAsane anuvAda prakAzita thaye. prA. devadatta bhAMDArakara likhita Ashoka ne "azoka caritra' nAme anuvAda thayo. rAdhAkumuda mukhajInA aMgrejI pustaka Corporate Life in Ancient India ne "prAcIna hiMdamAM saMghajIvana'nA nAme anuvAda paNa pragaTa thaye. gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTIe vijJAnanA vividha viSayone lagatAM pustakanA anuvAda paNa karAvyA che, dA.ta. praphullacaMdrarAyane "hiMdu rasAyaNazAstrane ItihAsa, bhAga 2. saMskRta sAhityane lagatA aMgrejI graMthamAM kIthanA Sanskrit Drama ne anuvAda karAyo. DAhyAbhAI derAsarIe aMgrejI graMtho uparathI tauyAra karela paurANika kathAkeza" tathA "bhaugolika keza' jANItA che. madhyayuganI sAdhanA dhArA e kSiti mohana senanA baMgALI graMthane anuvAda che. "pleTanuM Adarza nagara' aMgrejI graMthane jANItI anuvAda che. dharmAnaMda kosaMbInA marAThI graMtha abhidharma tathA bauddha saMghane paricayane anuvAda bauddhadharmanA abhyAsa mATe upayogI che. vaDodarAnI sayAjI sAhityamALA taraphathI paNa keTalAka mahatvanA gujarAtI anuvAda prakAzita thayA che. gujarAta yunivarsiTIe gujarAtImAM graMthanuM prakAzana hAtha dharyuM temAM keTalAka anuvAdone paNa samAveza thayo. dA.ta. hiMdustAnanI jJAtisaMsthA". samAja', "prAcIna hiMdamAM zikSaNa, vagere. AmAM rAmaprasAda bakSIe na bha. diveTiyAnAM bhASaNane karele anuvAda gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhitya' ullekhanIya che. | bhikSu akhaMDAnaMde sthApelA sastuM sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlaye lokapriya tathA lokopayogI evA aneka saMskRta dharma--graMthenA gujarAtI anuvAda tauyAra karAvI prakAzita karyA, jemake chAMdogya vagere upaniSado, mahAbhArata, harivaMza, bhagavad gItA, zrImad bhAgavata, bhagavatI bhAgavata, garuDa mahApurANa, mArkaDeyapurANa, skaMdapurANa, agnipurANa, viSNupurANa, varAhapurANa, vAmana purANa vagere parANe,

Page #380
sAhitya 355 gavAsiSTha, zAMkarabhASya, zaMkarAcArya-kRta sauMdarya laharI', bhartuharikRta "nItizataka tathA vairAgyazataka vagere. zrImahAdeva rAmacaMdra jAguSTa taraphathI paNa keTalAka mahatvanA saMskRta graMthonA anuvAda pragaTa thayA, jemake bhagavadgItA, rAjavallabha, vizvakarmA purANu, brahmasUtra, bhRgusaMhitA, harivaMza, pAtaMjala yogasUtra, sAraMgadhara saMhitA, garga saMhitA, paMcIkaraNa, bahad jAtaka vagere kezavalAla harSadarAya che aneka saMskRta kRtionA bhAvasabhara anuvAda ApyA, jemAM aneka prasiddha nATakane samAveza thAya che. A nATakanA anuvAdamAM emaNe prayojelI mULa kRtimAMnI saMskRta-prAkata uktione anurUpa pAtragata bhASAbheda tathA zailIbheda khAsa beMdhapAtra che. agAunA kAlakhaMDamAM emaNe jema mudrArAkSasa, vAva, jItaviMTa, chAyAghaTakkaranA anuvAda ApelA tema A kAlakhaMDa daramiyAna pratijJAyaunaparIyA ("pradhAnanI pratijJA'), priyazA (viMdhyavananI kanyakA'), vanavAsavattA ("svapna suMdarI"), madhyama nAra, pratimA, viramorvazIya (parAkramanI prasAdI) ItyAdi graMthonA anuvAda ApyA che, je khAsa ullekhanIya gaNAyA. lokamAnya TiLakanA marAThI nItAraha ne gujarAtI anuvAda temaja araviMda ghaSanA tathA De. rAdhAkRSNananA aMgrejI graMthanA gujarAtI anuvAda pragaTa thayA. khAMDekaranI marAThI navalakathAonA anuvAdanI pahela aMbelAla vazIe karI ane nepALarAva vikAsa khaDekaranI navalakathAonA kulamukhatyAra gujarAtI anuvAdaka che. ImAmakhAna kayasarakhAne vividha ud kRtionA anuvAda karyA. karazanadAsa mANeke TAgoranA "muktadhArA' kAvyane anuvAda Ape. ravIndranAtha TAgoranA saMkhyAbaMdha baMgALI graMthonA gujarAtI anuvAda nagInadAsa pArekhe karyA che. kAMtilAla upAdhyAye khalila jibrAne "maMdira dvAre anuvAda Ape. kizanasiMha cAvaDAe gheDe kezava karvenA marAThI "Atmacaritrane tema ja premacaMdajInI keTalIka hiMdI navalakathAone anuvAda karyo dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAe prAkRta Agama graMthe parathI "gaNadharavAdI tathA sthAnAMga samavAyAMga" jevA anuvAda ApyA.

Page #381
356 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI naTavaralAla mAlavIya(vImAvALA)e marAThI, baMgALI ane aMgrejI graMtha parathI aneka anuvAda karyA te nedhapAtra che. mahAdevabhAI desAI tathA narahari parIkhe baMgALI tathA aMgrejI sAhitya parathI keTalAka anuvAda ApyA che. prANajIvana pAThake be eka mahattvanA aMgrejI graMthone anuvAda karyo che. kavi nAnAlAla, baLavaMtarAya ThAkora, "suMdarama' ane umAzaMkara jozIe keTalAMka saMskRta nATakanA vizada ane zraddheya anuvAda karyA che. bhAskararAva viThAse marAThI, aMgrejI ane hiMdI sAhityamAMthI keTalAka graMtha gujarAtImAM utAryA che. bhogIlAla gAMdhIe karelA keTalAka baMgALI tathA aMgrejI graMthonA anuvAda khAsa nedhapAtra che. A rIte gujarAtI sAhitya saMta baMgALI hindI marAThI phArasI aMgrejI vagere aneka itara bhASAonA sAhityamAMthI anuti thayelI A ane AvI bIjI aneka kRtiothI samRddha thayuM che. 3. Itara bhASAomAM thayeluM sAhityasarjana A graMthanA samayagALA daramyAna gujarAtIbhASI temaja gujarAtamAM vasatA anyabhASAbhASI sAhityakAroe keTalIka itara bhASAomAM paNa lalita temaja lalitetara sAhityanuM sarjana karyuM che. saMskRta 8 | madhyakAlamAM zarU thayelI tatkAlIna bhASAnI sAthe sAthe saMskRtamAM paNa sAhitya--sarjana karavAnI paraMparA A samayagALA daramyAna paNa keTaleka aMze cAlu rahI che. 1915 thI 1960 sudhInA samayAvadhimAM saMskRtamAM vividha kSetre vividha prakAranI racanA karanArA paMDita-lekhake-nATayakAro-kavio vageree aneka racanAo karIne paraMparA jALavI rAkhI che. dArzanika paMDitonI paraMparAmAM nedhapAtra graMtha lakhanArA vidvAnamAM naDiyAdanA gosvAmI aniruddhalAlajI(1881-1936)e vallabhasaMpradAyane lagatA "zuddhAdvaitamaMjarI' "ge pAlatApanI upaniSadanI TIkA" ane "nArAyaNapaniSadabhASya" e maulika graMtha ApyA che, jyAre morabIne zaMkaralAla mAhezvara zAstrIe laghusiddhAMtakaumudI'nI saMskRta TIkA uparAMta zrIkRSNabhudaya' jevAM thoDAM saMskRta nATakanI paNa racanA karI.

Page #382
sAhitya : 357 vaDodarAmAM rahI "zrI sayAjIvijaya kAvya "AjavAtaDAgavarNana" "sukRtasaMkIrtana haMsalUMkIya vagere moTAM kAvyanI ane pracalita rAgomAM aneka gItanI racanA karanAra rAmakRSNa harakhajI zAstrI pAchaLathI amadAvAdamAM AvI rahyA hatA. zaMkaralAla mAhezvara pachI bIjA be nATayalekhaka thayA te naDiyAdanA mULazaMkara mANekalAla yAjJika ane karuNAzaMkara prabhujita pAThaka, yAjJikanAM "saMyegitA svayaMvara' "pratApavijaya' ane 'chatrapatisAmrAjya' e traNa nATaka che, jyAre pAThakanuM "zrIkRSNakumArabhudaya--chAyAnATaka che. moDethI raceluM . je. TI. parIkhanuM "chAyAzAkuMtala' paNa noMdhapAtra kRti che. naDiyAdanA gajezaMkara lAlazaMkara paMDyAe "buddhiprabhAva" "dAsya'(ekAMkI) "viSama pariNayaTrejeDI) ane bIjAM ekAMkI paNa lakhyAM che. premAnaMda vallabha vagerene nAme aneka gujarAtI AkhyAne lakhanAra, vaDodarAnA choTAlAla narabherAma bhaTTa (I.sa. 1850-1937) saMskRtanA ucca koTinA vidvAna hatA. emaNe "brahmasUtranI saMkSipta AvRtti "guptagaMgAmAhAsya" vairAgyaranAkara' uparAMta "AtmavRttAMta' vagere 55 jeTalAM pustaka saMskRtamAM paNa ApyAM che. - bIjApuramAM janmelA jaina AcArya buddhisAgarasUri (I.sa. 1814-1925) paNa ucca koTinA vidvAna hatA. emaNe vIseka saMskRta graMthanI racanA karI che. suratanA kabIra maMdiranA mahaMta svAmI brahmalIna paNa gaNya kaTinA vidvAna hatA, jemanA guru-ziSyasaMvAdarUpa "vedAMtasudhA" ane "sadaguruzrI kabIracarita" be graMtha mahatvanA che. amadAvAdamAM AvI jemaNe aneka Akara TIkAgraMthanI racanA karI te svAmI bhagavadAcAryajInA "zukalayajurveda-bhASya "sAma-bhASya" "upaniSadU bhASya "gItAbhASya", "brahmasUtra-rAmAnaMdabhASya' "vAlmIki-saMhitA-TIkA' "bhaktiparakakalpa-"ma" "bhaktizAstra' vagere vaidika ane zAstrIya graMtha jANItA che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA eo parama cAhaka hatA. emaNe bhArata pArijAta' pArijAtApahAra' ane pArijAsaurabha' ema traNa bhAgamAM gAMdhIjInA jIvanacaritrane lagatuM mahAkAvya lakhyuM che. evA ja ucca koTinA vidvAna jUnAgaDhanA svAminArAyaNa maMdiranA zAstrI kRSNavalabhAcArya thayA che, jemaNe lamInArAyaNasaMhitA" "munitAtparya nirNaya vagere maLI pacAseka Akara graMtha lakhyA che.

Page #383
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ahI kAMkariyA--vedamaMdira(amadAvAda)nA vidvAna svAmI gaMgezvarAnaMdjI(prajJAcakSu)ne yAda karavA joIe, jemaNe cAre vedonI saMhitAene mATA akSaramAM saMpAdita karI aneka yunivarsiTI temaja vidvAnomAM bheTa ApI che. A uparAMta gujarAtanA bIjA aneka vidvAnee saMskRta bhASAmAM nAnImATI racanA karI che. a'grejI19 A samayagALA daramyAna gujarAtamAM pAzcAtya Dhabe zikSaNu pAmelA vidyAnA mahattvanA graMtha aMgrejI bhASAmAM taiyAra kare e svAbhAvika hatuM. I.sa. 1950 sudhI ucca zikSaNamAM aMgrejha bhASAnuM mAdhyama prayojAtu e hakIkate paNa abhyAsapUrNa graMthA aMgrejImAM taiyAra karavAnI vRttine prAtsAhana ApeluM. 358 gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityanI paricayAtmaka ke saMzAdhanAtmaka rajUAta karatA aMgrejI graMthe!mAM kR mA, jhaverIne Further Milestones of the Gujarati Language ane The Gujarati Language, na, bho, diveTiyAnAM graMthastha thayelAM The Gujarati Language and Literature, Vol, I-II nAme vyAkhyAne ane 3, mA, munazInuM Gujarat and its Literature khAsa ullekhanIya che. lalita sAhityanA sarjanamAM gujarAtamAM sarjAyelI a grejI kRtimAM kavi khabaradArane UrmikAvyanA saMgraha The Silken Tassel neoMdhapAtra che. aMgrejI lalita sAhityamAM bhArate karelA pradAnamAM sthAna pAme tevI anya kRti jUja che, nATacazAstranA viSayamAM DAlararAya 2. mAMkaDanA Studies in Dasaripaka ane Types of Sanskrit Drama, jIvanalAla tri. parIkhanuM Vidisaka temaja ramaNalAla ka. yAjJikanuM Indian Theatre khAsa noMdhapAtra che. itihAsa-purAtattvane lagatA aMgrejI graMtheAmAM gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatA graMthe| A sa MdarbhamAM khAsa ullekhanIya gaNAya, jemake History of Kathiawar by Wilburforce-Bell, Studies in Parsi History by Prof. S. H. Hodiwala, A History of Ancient Towns and Cities of Gujarat and Kathiawar by D:, A, S. Altekar, Somanath and Other Mediaeval Temples in Kathiawar by Cousens, Introduction to

Page #384
sAhitya 359 the History of Gujarat (In Introduction to Kavyanusasana, Vol. II) by Prof. R. C. Parikh, History of Gujarat, Vol, Iby Prof. Commissariat, Archaeology of Gujarat, Investigation into Prehistoric Archaeology of Gujarat a Studies in the Historical and Cuttural Geography and Ethnography of Gujarat by Dr. Sankalia, bhAratIya vidyAbhavane taiyAra karAvela The Glory that was Gurjaradesha Pts. I an III, Chaulukyas of Gujarat by Dr. A. K. Majumdar, Akota Bronzes Sculptures at Samalaji and Roda by Dr. U. P. Shah Chronology of Gujarat Ed, by Dr. M. R. Majumdar. A uparAMta purAtattvIya anveSaNanA ahevAlA tathA hastapratenI varNanAtmaka sUcie paNa prAya: a MgrejImAM prakAzita thaI che. phArasImAM lakhAyela 'mirAte ahamadI'nI puravaNI tathA 'tArIkhe--mubAraka zAhI' jevA graMthAnA aMgrejI anuvAda vaDAdarAnA prAcyavidyAma...diranI Gaekwad's Oriental SeriesmAM prakAzita thayA che. A uparAMta paNa anya lekhakAe vividha viSayomAM aMgrejI graMthA ApyA che. temAM atisukhazaMkara trivedI, khuzavadana ThAkAra, ca'pakalAla lAlabhAI mahetA, jayaidrarAva bhagavAnalAla dUrakALa, jIvaNajI jamazedajI meAdI, narasiMhabhAI I. paTela, narmadAza Mkara mahetA, sArAbajI maMcerajI desAI, bhagavAnalAla la. mAMkaDa, rAmaprasAda kA. desAI vagerene gaNAvI zakAya. ucharaMgarAya ke AjhAnuM 'History of Indian Position in Kenya' (1932) jema noMdhavA jevuM che tema kavi nAnAlAlanA nATaka 'jayA-jayaMta'nA aMgrejI anuvAda (1929) paNa sArA prayatna che. hiMdI0 hiMdImAM sAhityasarjana karanArA graMthakArAmAM IMdravadana umiyAzaMkara vasAvaDA - iMdra vasAvaDA'e gujarAtI uparAMta hiMdImAM paNa saMkhyAbaMdha navalakathAe- kAvyA-vArtAo ApyAM che. aneka anya mATA lekhakAmAM ratnA bhagata, kavi 'sAgara', AMkArezvarI, raMga avadhUtajI, dulA bhAyA kAga, iMdumatI desAi, rAjakavi mULadAsa meAnadAsa nimAvata vagere lekhake--kavioe hiMdImAM racanAe ApI che. kacchanA rASTrakavi niraMjana kavie hiMdImAM 'bhavAnIzataka' Apyu che. kacchI21 kacchamAM kacchI bhASAnI aneka khelIo che temAMnI pradhAna 'bAbANI' kiMvA

Page #385
360 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jADejImAM kavitA kheDAI che, gadyasAhityane hajI vikAsa thayo naheAtA. kacchanA murAri lAlajI vyAsa 'nira'jana kavi' (I. sa. 20 mInA pUrvA`) ucca koTinA vidvAna hatA. mU`jI mAtRbhUmike namana' e kacchI rASTragIta emanI umadA racanA che. eka khInna vidvAna naLiyAnA mAstara lAlajI nAnajI jozI (I. sa. 1882-1923) thaI gayA che. emanuM kaccha jo kurukSetra (jhArA)' kacchInu suMdara itihAsakAvya che. kacchIbhASAnuM vyAkaraNa' 'zabdAza', 62 jeTalAM nATaka, 'vyAkhyAnadarzaka' emaNe kacchImAM lakhyAM che, je hucha aprasiddha che. dulerAya lakhAbhAI kArANI kacchI gujarAtI ane hiMdInA paNu sArA kavi uparAMta saMzAdhaka che. 'vatanajI vANI' (1948) emanI teAMdhapAtra racanA che. emaNe 'kacchanAM rasajharaNAM' (1928), 'kacchanA kalAdhara'--bhAga 1, 2 (1950, 1952), kacchanA saMtA ane kavie'--bhAga 1 (1959) racanAe gujarAtI mAdhyamathI kacchI vize che. sidhI2 1947 nA bhArata-pAkistAnanA bhAgalA pachI siMdhanA keTalAka khyAtanAma lekhake-kavie kaccha-gujarAtamAM AvIne vasyA teemAMnA prathama kakSAnA rASTrasevaka ane kavi-lekhakaMdarAja dukhAyela che. e vamAnapatrakAra paNa hatA. sidhImAM dharatI mAtA' sAptAhika e calAvatA hatA. TUMkI vArtAonA A lekhake gItA' 'bhajane' dehAe' 'kherIe' ane 'gajhala'nA sAta sa Mgraha saMgItama'jarI' zIrSIka nIce prasiddha karyA tema gItasaMgraheAnI zreNI 'saMgItavArtA' zI thI prasiddha karelI. AdhAtA sahana karatAM karatAM AvelA siMdhI sAhityakArAnI racanAomAM Akroza ane vivazatAnAM darzana thAya che. iMdra bhAjavANIe dAhA ane sAraThAAmAM samagra si MdhI samAjanI tatkAlIna sthitinuM citraNa mU karyuM. mAtRbhUmi siMdhanI smRti' 'mAtRbhUmithI visthApita thayAno viDaMbanA' 'puna'savATa mATenA puruSArtha' 'daridratA' 'sAmAjika asamAnatA' vagere viSayAne emanI kavitAmAM vAcA apAi che. arjuna 'hAside' e ja bhAve gajhalAmAM mUrta karyA che. e duHkhada vAtAvaraNamAMthI pasAra thatA anya lekhakoeya e prakAranI racanAe ApI che. siMdhI vyAkaraNanA lekhaka rAmadAsa bizanadAsa lAkhANIe kAvya tema sAmAjika vArtA sAthe sabhyatA dezabhakti vagere viSayA upara lekhA ane nibadhA pazu lakhyA hatA. hAsArAma zarmA 'piyA'e sAmAjika asamAnatA ane rAjakIya

Page #386
sAhitya 361 svAthI manovRtti pratye Akroza vyakta karatAM aneka kAvya ApyAM che. De.lakhamIcaMda * "prema" sAmAjiktA rASTrabhakti AdhyAtmikatA prema ane prakRtinAM gIta gAyAM te premapuSpAMjali' zIrSakathI saMgrahagraMthamAM chapAyAM che. ee "sabhyatA' nAmanuM tramAsika paNa calAvatA hatA. kamala kevaLarAmANa-pyAsIe UrmikAvyonI sAthesAtha bALagIta-vArtAo ane TUMkI vArtAo ApI. 'pazusaMsAra' zIrSakathI vividha prANIo vizenI vaijJAnika mAhitI ApatA emanA lekha kapriya banI rahyA hatA. manalAla AhujAne eka vArtAsaMgraha 1958 mAM prasiddha thayA hatA. lIle rucaMdANanA siMdhI zikSaNa bhASA ItihAsa ane sAhityakSetre saMzodhanAtmaka lekhe jANItA che. saraLa siMdhI vyAkaraNanA kartA satarAma "sAyale' rAmakathA siMdhI padyamAM ApI bALagIta ane vidyAthIone upayogI nibaMdhe tathA ekAMkIo paNa ApyAM. tulasIdAsa tarejAe bAlopayogI kavitA dehA-copAImAM tulasI rAmAyaNanI racanA ApI. - I.sa. 1959 mAM siMdhIne suprasiddha kavi hadi dariyAnuM dilagIre siMdhamAM rahI racelAM kAvyo uparAMta ahIM AvI "meja kaI maherANa" kAvyasaMgraha Ape. AnaMda TahelarAmANInI maulika tathA ati navalakathAo pragaTa thaI che. teja kAbila ane kAMjamala kAsime sAmAjika vArtAo-lekhe vagere lakhyAM, to kizanacaMda khubacaMdANuM sArA nibaMdhalekhaka thayA. harIza vAsavANIe navA viSaya laIne achAMdasa kavitAo ApI, govardhana tanavANI ane jayaMta relavANIe paNa achAMdasa kavitA ApI, jyAre naMdalAla rAmANIe vArtAo ApI. cha dasakAnA aMta sudhImAM vAsudeva mahI ane ratana khADatAe kavitAkSetre, to premaprakAze nATyakSetre, rahIka ane cimane ekAMkI kSetre ane iMdarAja balavANI tathA jeTho balavANuMe bALasAhityakSetre racanAo ApI. phArasI gujarAtamAM murita uparAMta pArasIo nAgara ane brahmakSatriye e paNa phArasImAM racanA karI che. eravada mAhiyAra navarojI, ma. 2. UnavAlA, vastu jahAMgIracha kherazadajI jevA pArasI lekhake ane jANItA gujarAtI kavi bAlAzaMkara ullAsarAma kaMthAriyAnI racanAo jANavAmAM AvI che. urdU bhASA paNuM gujarAtamAM kheDAI che. urdU kavitAne AraMbha ja amadAvAdanA gayA yuganA kavi valIne phALe jAya che. 1914-60 vacce paNa urdU kavitAnuM kheDANa muslima zAyarone hAthe thatuM rahyuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che.

Page #387
362 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pAdaTIpa 1. anaMtarAya rAvaLa, "bhUmikA', "gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa" (gusAI), graM. 4, pR. 3 2, anaMtarAya rAvaLa, "arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanAM preraka baLe', "gujarAtI graMthakAra saMmelana vyAkhyAnamAlA" (gugraMsaMvyA), pR. 86-87 3. gusAI, graM. 4, pR. 6 4. ejana, pR. 3-4 pa. ejana pR. 45 6. gugraMsaMghA, pR. 91-9 7-8. gusAI, graM 4, pR 4-5 8. gugraMsaMvyA, pR. 91-9ra; gusAI, graM. 4, pR. 4-5 10 gugraMsaMdhyA, pR. 90-91 11. gugraMsaMvyA, pR. 92; gusai, graM. 4, pR. 7-8 12. gusAI, graM. 4, pR 11 13. gugra saMvyA, pR. 93-94 14. ejana, pR. 95 15. ejana, pR. 95-96 16. "gujarAtanA sArasvato" tathA "graMtha ane graMthakAra'nA AdhAre 17. "gujarAtanA sArasvate," "graMtha ane graMthakAra', pu. 1 thI 11, ane "gujarAta sAhitya sabhAnI kAryavAhI (I.sa. 1933 thI 1959 sudhInI tathA "gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIne ItihAsa bhAga 3nA temaja gujarAta vidyAsabhA, sastuM sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlaya, zrI rAmacaMdra jAguSTa, navajIvana ane gUjarAta vidyApITha vagere prakAzananI sUcionA AdhAre 18. prA. vAsudeva pAThaka pAsethI temaja gujarAtanA sArasvata'mAMthI maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre 19, "gujarAtanA sArasvato', 'graMtha ane graMthakAra temaja gujarAtane prAcIna ItihAsa'mAM Do. hariprasAda zAstrIe ApelI saMdarbha sUci--nA AdhAre 20De, aMbeprasAda na. zukala taraphathI maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre 21. dulerAya la. kArANI pAsethI tathA gujarAtanA sArasvata'mAMthI maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre 22. jayaMta lavANI(rAjakeTa)e pUrI pADelI mAhitInA AdhAre

Page #388
pariziSTa sAhityika saMsthAo gujarAtanA vikAsamAM sAhityika saMsthAone 5 mUlyavAna phALo che. emAMnI keTalIka agragaNya saMsthAonI samIkSA karIe. (1) gujarAta vidyAsabhA (amadAvAda) 1848 Disembara, 26)mAM amadAvAdamAM gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTI' tarIke sthapAyelI A saMsthA 1946 mAM "gujarAta vidyAsabhA' evuM navuM nAmAbhidhAna pAmI che. I.sa. 1850 thI prakAzita thatuM "buddhiprakAza' gujarAtanuM ekamAtra TakI raheluM jUnAmAM jUnuM vidrogya mAsika che. vidyAsabhA pAse samRddha graMthAlaya, vipula hastaprata-saMgraha tathA vizALa premAbhAI hela' ane rA. ba. rasa che. kanyAzALA (prAthamikathI mAMDI hAyara sekanDarI sudhI) che. saMsthAnA brahmacArIvADI TrasTanI yeAjanA anvaye ha. kA. Arsa koleja (junuM nAma "rAmAnaMda mahAvidyAlaya)" ane brahmacArI vADI saMskRta pAThazALA vagere cAle che. 1938 mAM vidyAsabhAe "ucca abhyAsa ane saMzodhana vibhAga zarU karela jemAM gujarAtI, saMskRta, arabI-phArasI ane prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRtimAM anusnAtaka zikSaNa apAtuM, te 1946 mAM "bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana' svarUpa pAmyo che. vidyAsabhAe vividha viSayo upara 1,500 jeTalAM prakAzana karIne gujarAtanI ghaNI moTI sAhitya sevA karI che. (2) zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA (muMbaI) elekajhAnDara kinaloka phArbasanI preraNA ane manaHsukharAma tripAThInA prayAsathI ra5mI mArca, 1865 mAM muMbaImAM gujarAtI sabhA'nI sthApanA gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityanA vikAsAthe karavAmAM AvI. phArbasanA avasAna (31 oNgasTa, 1865) pachI enI smRti rUpe saMsthAnuM nAma "zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. A saMsthA dvArA jUnI gujarAtI hastapratenuM saMzodhana ane prakAzanakArya karavAmAM Ave che. A uparAMta e. gujarAtI saMzodhanAtmaka ke vivecanAtmaka pustaka pragaTa kare che. enI pAse buddhivardhaka pustakAlaya che, jemAM 1,500 jeTalI hastaprata che. I. sa. 1936thI.

Page #389
364 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI phrAsa gujarAtI sabhA traimAsika'nuM prakAzana kare che. sAthe sAthe carcAe, parisaMvAda, nibadha--spardhAe paNa yAje che. (3) gujarAta sAhitya sabhA ( amadAvAda ) gujarAtI bhASA sAhitya ane sa zeAdhanane uttejana ApavA sva. raNajitarAma vAvAbhAI mahetAnI preraNAthI I. sa. 1898 mAM amadAvAdamAM sAziyala enDa liTararI eseziyezana'nI sthApanA karavAmAM AvelI, jene I. sa. 1904 mAM 'gujarAta sAhitya sabhA` nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM. I. sa. 1969 mAM enI rajatajayaMtIe be mahattvanA nirNaya karavAmAM AvyA : (1) gujarAtI pustakAnI vArSika samIkSA ane prakAzana, (2) gujarAtI saMskAritAne samRddha kare tevI kRtinA sarjakane "raNajitarAma cadraka" enAyata karave, A banne pravRttie adyApiparyanta cAlu che. saMsthA dvArA sAkSarajayaMtIAnI ujavaNI, vyAkhyAnamALA ane prakAzanapravRttio paNa cAle che. (4) gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada ( amadAvAda ) sva. raNajitarAma mahetAnI preraNAthI I,sa, 1905 mAM amadAvAdamAM A! saMsthA astitvamAM AvI. ene hetu gujarAtImAM sAhityika AbAhavA pragaTAvavAneA, gujarAtI sAhityane vistAra vadhArI ane leAkapriya karavAne! ane gujarAtI prajAjIvanane unnata, zIlavatu, rasika ane udAra banAvI prajAnA utkaSa sAdhavAM che. pariSada adhivezana ane jJAnasatra yeAje che. 1960 sudhImAM 20 adhivezane yAjAI gayAM, emAM sAhityika carcA-vicAraNA nibaMdhavAcana kavisamelana pustakameLA pradarzana vagerenuM AyeAjana karAya che, pariSada dvArA vidvAna vaktAnAM vyAkhyAna, samAnasamAraMbhA janmajayaMtInI ujavaNI, pustaka-prakAzana ane adhyApana-kAnI pravRttie paNa cAle che. guja*AtI bhASA - sAhitya pratye abhiruci jAge e athe 'AsvAda', 'saMskAra' ane 'dIkSA' parIkSAe pariSada yoje che. pariSada 'paraba' nAme mAsika calAve che. (5) premAnaMda sAhitya sabhA (vaDAdarA) gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityanI unnati tathA janasamAjamAM jJAnane roja vaDeAdarA sAhitya phelAve! thAya e zubha hetuthI 11 mI navembara, 1916 nA sabhA'nI sthApanA thayelI, pAchaLathI tA. 1-1-1944 thI enu nAma premAnaMda

Page #390
sAhityika saMsthAo" sAhitya sabhA' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. sabhAe 'sAhityakAra' nAme vaimAsika zarU kareluM je traNeka varSa bAda baMdha paDayuM. saMzodhana pravRtti aMge sabhA pAse eka samRddha pustakAlaya che. sabhA sAhityika pravacane zarada-utsava sAkSara-jayaMtI nibaMdha vaktatvaspardhAo saMmelane muzAyarAo pustaka-prakAzane jevI anekavidha pravRtti kare che. (6) vilepArale sAhitya sabhA (muMbaI) muMbaImAM vilepAralenA sAhityapremIoe 18 mI oNgasTa, 1917nA roja vilepArale DibeTiMga sosAyaTInI sthApanA karI. samaya jatAM enuM nAma vilepArale liTararI yuniyana" rAkhavAmAM AvyuM, ne 7mI navembara, 1921 mAM vilepArale sAhitya sabhA' nAma pADavAmAM AvyuM. sabhAnA upakrame sAkSaronI jayaMtInI ujavaNI pustaka-prakAzana vyAkhyAnamALA carcAsabhAo vagere pravRttio karavAmAM Ave che. (7) gujarAta vidyApITha (amadAvAda) I. sa. 1920-21 nI asahakAranI caLavaLa zarU thatAM mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe zALA-koleja choDavAne Adeza ApyuM ane rASTriya paddhatie sarvAgI keLavaNuM ApavAnA uddezathI amadAvAdamAM "gUjarAta vidyApIThanI sthApanA karI. emAM buniyAdI zikSaNa, nAtRbhASAne pracAra, lokajAgRti ane gAMdhI sAhityane samAveza thAya che. prAthamika keLavaNathI mAMDIne uccazikSaNa sudhI abhyAsa karAvavAmAM Ave che. A saMsthAmAM gujarAta purAtattva maMdiranI sthApanA karAI che, enI pAse samRddha graMthAlaya che, jemAM gAMdhI sAhityane eka alAyade vibhAga che. A uparAMta saMdarbha saMgrahamAM saMzodhanane jarUrI evI mAhitI mATe pramANabhUta saMdarbhagraMtha vasAvavAmAM AvyA che. prajAne vAjabI bhAve pustake sulabha thAya e mATe navajIvana presa dvArA prayAsa karavAmAM Ave che. gujarAta vidyApITha pate paNa aneka mahatvanAM prakAzana karatI AvI che. (8) narmada sAhitya sabhA (surata) suratanA sAhitya rasikoe 1-5-1923nA roja gujarAtI sAhitya maMDaLa" sthApeluM, samaya jatAM I. sa. 1938 mAM narmadanI smRti rUpe enuM nAma "narmada sAhitya sabhA' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. janasamAjamAM ziSTa sAhitya pratye abhiruci jagAvavI, A mATe prasiddha sAkSaranI zatAbdI UjavavI ane vyAkhyAnamALAe javI e AraMbhanI pravRttio hatI. A saMsthA

Page #391
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pahelAM sAhityanI parIkSAo letI ane temAM zreSTha AvanArane "naredrasiMha mahIDA caMdraka enAyata karavAmAM AvatA, ATheka varSa A pravRtti cAlelI. hAlamAM, A saMsthAnI mukhya pravRtti gujarAtImAM niyata viSamAM pAMca pAMca varSa prakAzita thayelI zreSTha kRtine "narmada suvarNacaMdraka' ApavAnI che. A pravRtti I.sa. 1940thI astitva dharAve che. (9) dakSiNAmUrti saMsthA (bhAvanagara) atyAranI pracalita keLavaNIthI asaMtoSa pAmane 1910-20 daramiyAna vikaselI dakSiNAmUrti saMsthAe keLavaNIkSetre avanavA prayoga karyA. saMsthAnA AdyapraNetA nAnAbhAI bhaTTa, harabhAI trivedI ane gijubhAI badhekA gaNAya che. A saMsthA gUjarAta vidyApITha sAthe joDAyelI. eNe bAlamaMdiranI sthApanA ane bAla adhyApana maMdiranI zarUAta dvArA samagra gujarAtane navI keLavaNInI dizA sUcavI che. bAlamaMdiranI yojanA ane bALa sAhityanuM prakAzana e enI viziSTa pravRtti che, (10) prAgya vidyAmaMdira (vaDodarA) saMsthAnI vidhivata sthApanA vaDodarAmAM I.sa. 1927mAM thaI. enA AdyapraNetA dIvAna maNibhAI jazabhAI ane ma. na. dvivedI. mahattvanI hastapratanuM prakAzana, gAyakavADa orienTala sirIjha dvArA pustakonuM prakAzana ane Journal of Oriental Institute nAme saMzodhana-mAsikanuM saMcAlana vagere enI mukhya pravRttio che. (11) gujarAta saMzAdhana maMDaLa (muMbaI) gujarAta saurASTra ane kacchanAM jIvana, saMskRti, samAja ane saMskAraviSayaka saMzodhana mATe I.sa. 1936 mAM muMbaI khAte A saMsthAnI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI. saMsthA dvArA bhASAzAstrIya adhyayananAM keTalAMka pustaka pragaTa karavAmAM AvyAM che. ItihAsa saMskRti sAmAjika svAzya Arthika samasyA vagerenA saMzodhana pratye dhyAna kendrita karavAmAM Ave che. (12) bheje. vidyAbhavana (amadAvAda) gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTIe 1930 mAM ucca abhyAsa ane saMzodhana vibhAga zarU karele, te 1946 mAM zeTha bhoLAbhAI jezIMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana

Page #392
sAhityika saMsthAo 367 vidyAbhavana nAme vikasyo. e mAnya saMsthA tarIke muMbaI yunivarsiTInI mAnyatA dharAvatI ane 1950thI gujarAta yunivarsiTInI kAyamI mAnyatA dharAve che. emAM hAla bhAratIya saMskRtinuM anusnAtaka keMdra cAle che temaja saMskRta gujarAtI ane bhAratIya saMskRtimAM pIeca.DI.nA saMzodhanAthIe ne mArgadarzana ApavAmAM Ave che. saMsthA keTalIka vyAkhyAnamALAo yoje che temaja mAnavavidyAo tathA sAmAjika vidyAone lagatAM saMzodhanAtmaka prakAzane kare che. gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA graMthAlaya tathA saMgrahAlayanuM saMcAlana karavA uparAMta e baMnene vidyAbhavana prativarSa vadhu ne vadhu samRddha karatuM rahe che.

Page #393
prakaraNa 11 dhArmika sthiti 1. hiMdu dharmAM (1) sAmAnya samIkSA vartImAna samayamAM hiMdu dharmamAM jJAti prathAnuM mahattva ghaTatuM jAya che te dhIre dhIre vaC-prathAnuM prabhutva vadhatu jAya che. samAjamAMthI yajJAnuM mahattva ghaTI ma"dira ane mUrti pUjAnuM mahattva vadhyuM che. vartImAna samayamAM dhIre dhIre saMskArAnuM mahattva ghaTavA lAgyu che. atyAre tA gujarAtanA hiMdu samAjamAM sImAntayana caulaka upanayana vivAha ane anyeSTi saskAro chaThThu avasthAmAM TakI rahyA che. sImaMtAnnayana sa MskAramAM dhArmika vidhi lupta thatI jAya che. A saskAra vakhate rAMdhya(patnI)pUjAne mahattva apAya che. caulakama kulAcAra tarIke paLAya che, upanayana saskAra zikSaNanA sa`skAra tarIke nahi paNa eka kulAcAra tarIke keTalIka brAhmaNa jJAtiAmAM sacavAI rahyo che. hiMdu samAjamAMthI tenuM dhArmiOka mahattva adRzya thayuM che. vivAha saskAra ane anyeSTi sa`skAra kavacita ja tajI devAya che. vivAha ane maraNeAttara kriyAomAM vartamAna samayamAM ghaNu ja parivartana Avela che. ghaNAne mana lagna eka pavitra sa`skAra manAtA heAvA chatAM temAM dhArmika vidhinuM mahattva ochu thayu che. sageAtra lagnaniSedhanuM baMdhana zIthIla banI gayuM che. vIsamI sadImAM AMtarajJAtIya lagna tarapha prajAnuM AkaNuM vadhyuM che, maraNAttara kriyAomAM haju tapaNu, zrAddha, brahmabhAjana vagerenuM prabhutva varatAya che. Ama chatAM samAjanA vizALa vargamAM pretabhAjana tarapha anAdaranI bhAvanA vyApaka banatI jAya che. zikSita varga pretabhAjananA khATA kharcA baMdha karavA dhIre dhIre kaTibaddha thatA jAya che, khAnapAnanA niyamAmAM ghaNuM ja parivartana AvyuM che. sahabhAjanamAM jJAtibhedanI vADAbaMdhI ghaNe aMze tUTI gaI che. dhArmika mAnyatAone lIdhe samAjamAM keTalAMka dUSaNA jevAM ke bALalagna, satIprathA, johara, kanyAvikraya, devadAsI vagere aniSTA pazcimanI saMskRtinI

Page #394
dhArmika sthiti 368 asarane lIdhe vartamAna samayamAM lagabhaga adazya thayAM che. satIprathA kAyadAthI baMdha thayela che. vidhavAvivAha taraphanI dhRNa vatamAna samayamAM bhAgyeja varatAya che. strI kuTila che, narakanuM dvAra che, e bhAvanA have lagabhaga adazya thaI che. | gujarAtamAM aMgrejI bhASAnA zikSaNe navI vicAradhArA pragaTAvI enA pariName hiMdudharmamAM parivartana AvyuM. hiMdu prajAnI dhArmika mAnyatAonA pAyA hacamacI gayA. mUrtipUjA tarapha virodha zarU thayo. keTalAke amUrtanI pUjA vikasAvavA prayatna karyA. Ama chatAM mUrtipUjAnuM dhArmika mahatva ochuM thayuM nathI. gujarAtamAM prArthanAsamAja, thiyosophikala sosAyaTI, Arya samAjaprerita gurukuLa vagere dvArA varNabheda ke raMgabheda vagaranI ekezvaravAdanI bhAvanA vikasI, prajAmAM svadharma mATe mamatvanI lAgaNI pedA thaI. paradezagamananI pravRttie vega pakaDayo che. gAMdhIjIe daridranArAyaNanI sevAmAM sAce yugadharna je. emaNe aspRzyatAnivAraNanI sAthe sAthe ahiMsA ekezvaravAda Atmazuddhi vagerenI bhAvanA vikasAvI hiMdudharmane zuddha karavA prayatna karyA. AnA pariNAme vIsamI sadInA pUrvArdha mAM samAjamAM sarvadharma samabhAva ane vizvabaMdhutvanI bhAvanA jAgrata thaI. smArta saMpradAyamAM hAlamAM zivanAM saumya svarUpa pUjAya che. Aje paNa ghaNuM hiMduo smArta saMpradAyamAM khUba zraddhA dharAve che. hiMdusamAjamAM zivarAtri, zrAvaNa mAsa, rudrAbhiSeka, laghurudra vagerenuM mahatva haju TakI rahyuM che. zivanI tAMtrika upAsanA gujarAtamAMthI lagabhaga adazya thaI che. | gujarAtamAM zivapUjA sAthe viSNupUjA paNa eTalI ja prAcIna ane kapriya che. viSNupUjAmAM hAlamAM paNa viSNunA avatAro ane zAligrAma vagerenuM arcanA thAya che. jainetara vaNikone vizALa varga puSTi saMpradAyane anuyAyI che. vaiSNava saMpradAyanI sAthe sAthe vaiSNava saMpradAyanA aMgasamAna, paNa DI. judI vicArasaraNI dharAvatA svAminArAyaNa saMpradAye paNa ThIka ThIka kAThuM kADhayuM che. samAjanA nIcalA vargamAM A saMpradAyanuM varcasa vadhAre najare paDe che. e gujarAta uparAMta bhArata bahAranA anya dezomAM sArA pramANamAM vikasyA che. enA saMte tathA satsaMgIoe aDhaLaka kharca karI bhArata bahAra vizALa maMdira baMdhAvI saMpradAyane kAbhimukha banAvyuM che. samagra gujarAtamAM Aje paNa zaktipUjanuM varcasa varatAya che. gujarAtanI prajAmAM aMbAjI kAlikA ane bahucarAjI jevI zaktipITha zAktasaMpradAyanAM 24

Page #395
370 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mahattvanAM yAtrAdhAma tarIke leAkapriya che. navarAtramAM upavAsa ane upAsanAne zaktipUjAnA aMga tarIke gaNavAmAM Ave che, zaktipUjAmAMthI tAMtrika mAvAmamAgI enuM mahattva ghaTI gayuM che. melI vidyAnA nAme ghaNA chetarapI'DI karatA hAya che, saurASTramAM Aje keTaleka ThekANe kAMcaLiyA vAmamAgI e najare paDe che. A uparAMta haju paNa gujarAtamAM nAgapUjA zaMkhapUjA gaNezapUjA rAmapUjA, baLiyAdevanI pUna, zItaLAnI pUjA, bhAthIkhatarI, rAmadevapIra vagerenI pUjA pracalita che. AvA vividha devAmAM zraddhA rAkhanAra varga sAMpradAyika vidhionuM pAlana karIne AtmasaMtASa meLavatA jaNAya che. A sAthe samAjanA nIcalA vargamAM rAmAnaMdI kakhIrapaMtha dAdupatha vAmamAgI vipatha udAsI rAdhAvallabhI-patha vageremAM zraddhA rAkhanArA va paNa najare paDe che. AvA sauMpradAya saurASTra madhyagujarAta dakSiNa-gujarAta vagere sthaLAe jovA maLe che, paNa gujarAtanI viziSTatA che ke AvA vividha sauMpradAyAmAM mAnanAra vizALa vargamAM dhArmika matabheda hevA chatAM emanAmAM manabheda jovA maLatA nathI, (1) vastI sane 1951 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe gujarAtamAM hiMduonI vastI 1,43,28,535 nI hatI, je vadhIne 1961 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe 1,83,56,065 thaI. 1951 thI 1961 daramyAna emAM 28.11 TakAnA vadhArA thayA. 1961 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe gujarAtamAM hiMduonI vastI kula vastInA 88,96 TakA hatI. a (3) sa`pradAyA I.sa. 1915 thI 1960 nA gALA daramyAna gujarAtamAM hiMdudharmAMnA bahuvidha sapradAya, dAnika vicAradhArA. ane dhArmika pravRttie dhArmika sAmAjika temaja AdhyAtmika kSetre amUlya pradAna karyuM che. ahIM saMpradAya zabda vyApaka arthamAM prayAyo che. 20 mI sadInA pUrvA mAM AvA je je dharmAM - saMpradAyA racAyA teemAMnA ghaNAmAM vaicArika udAratA DhAvAne lIdhe sau saunA kuTu badha'nI sAthe emanI mAnyatAone sumeLa sAdhavAmAM AvyA che. Ama chatAM kevaLa mAnyatAonI vizeSatAone kAraNe ene dharma saMpradAya gaNelA che, krAI maryAti arthamAM nahi,

Page #396
dhArmika sthiti 371 puSTimArga ane zuddhAdvaita siddhAMta gujarAtamAM vaiSNava dharmanA puSTimArgIya saMpradAyanuM pradAna A kALa daramyAna paNa jaLavAI rahyuM. A kAlakhaMDamAM pUnAmAM sthapAyelI vauSNava pariSadanI eka zAkhA amadAvAdamAM paNa pravRtti karatI. amadAvAdamAMthI svataMtra rIte aneka mAsika pragaTa thatAM. vaiSNavadharmapatAkA' ane pachI enA rUpAMtara tarIke "zuddhAdvaita ane bhaktimArtaDa veNarava" ane "anugraha' (1938), "pIyUSa patrikA' vagere mukhya hatAM. vauSNava pariSadanI pravRtti gujarAtamAM DhIlI paDatAM 1938 mAM amadAvAdamAM zuddhAvaita saMsadanI sthApanA thaI. ene uddeza "zuddhAdvaita vedAMta ane puSTimArganA maulika graMthonA anuvAda ane saiddhAMtika svataMtra sAhityanuM prakAzana karavAne rahyo. A gALAmAM navI havelIo sthapAyelI jANavAmAM AvI nathI, paNa jIrNoddhAra thaye te jUnAgaDhanI moTI havelI, mAMgaroLamAM zrIgokulanAthajInuM ane bIjuM zrIdvArakAdhIzajInuM maMdira, amadAvAdanI dezIvADAnI poLanI havelI, vaDodarAnI zrI kalyANarAyajInI havelI, pATaNanI zrIdvArakAdhIzajInI ane zrIbAlakRSNalAlajInI havelIe beMdhapAtra che. A saMpradAyanA zrIvallabhavaMzIya AcAryo temaja anya nAmI itara vidvAne sAMpradAyika siddhAMtanA vyAkhyAnAdimAM satata pravRtta rahyA che. rAdhAvallabha saMpradAya rAdhAmukha zrIkRSNanI sevAbhaktine laIne 16 mI sadImAM pravartela A saMpradAyane gujarAtamAM paNa ghaNe vikAsa thaye hatA. A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna A saMpradAyanA anuyAyIonI saMkhyA ghaNI vadhI ane saMpradAyanAM ghaNAM maMdira gujarAtamAM Thera Thera AvelAM che. ekalA amadAvAdamAM ja rAdhAvallabhanAM lagabhaga 42 jeTalAM maMdira AvelAM che. maNinagaranuM rAdhAvallabhanuM maMdira I.sa. 1957mAM baMdhAyuM hatuM. zivapradhAna smAta saMpradAya arvAcIna kAlamAM gujarAtamAM sAMpradAyika zivabhakti karatAM sAdI paurANika zivabhakti hiMduprajAmAM vadhAre vyApaka dekhAya che ane aneka brAhmaNa zivabhakto zAMkara-darzanane mAnavA chatAM paNa zivaliMganuM bhajana-pUjana kare che. sAmAnya leke ghera ke maMdiromAM zivaliMgane vaidika maMtrothI pUje che. tiliga manAtA kAzivizvanAtha kedAranAtha rAmezvara mahAkAlezvara jevAM prAcIna temaja arvAcIna zaivatIrthonI yAtrA kare che. ane sAdI bhaktithI zivaliMgapUjana

Page #397
37ra AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI kare che. kacchamAM dhiNodhara ane saurASTramAM giranArane kendramAM rAkhIne nAtha saMpradAyane pracAra pUrvavata cAlu rahyo. zAkta saMpradAya gujarAtamAM zAkta saMpradAyanuM astitva ghaNuM purAtana che. gujarAtanI bhUmimAM aMbika lalitA bAlA tulA bhavAnI tathA zItaLA vagere devInI pratiSThA ghaNA prAcIna samayanI che. kAlikAnI mAnyatA gujarAtamAM sarvatra prasarelI che ane ene "bhadrakAlI' nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. bahucarAjI e cuMvALanI pIThanI devI che. e sthAnanI mULa devI bAlAtripurA che. aMbA kAlI ane bAlA e mukhya devInI pIThe gujarAtamAM che. e uparAMta kacchamAM AzApUrA, bhuja pAse rudrANI, beTa dvArakA pAse abhayA mAtA, AbhilamAM lUNI mAtA, ribaMdara pAse harasiddhi mAtA, haLavada pAse suMdarI, narmadAtaTe anasUyA ane ghoghA najIka beDiyAra mAtAnI gauNa zaktipIThe AvelI che.* - carotara pradezamAM chellAM keTalAMka varSothI mAIsvarUpe mAIdharmane AraMbha thayo che. A dharma e zaktidharmanuM ja navuM svarUpa che. emAM jagadaMbAnAM aneka svarUpamAMthI game te svarUpane pUjanAra "mAIbhakta' kahevAya che. carotaramAM naDiyAda khAte kaniSTha kezave mAImaMDaLa ane mAImadiranI sthApanA karI, saurASTramAM paNa bAlAtripurA kAlI ane aMbAnAM traNe svarUpanI sthApanA mAImaMdirarUpe thaI. mAIsaMpradAyamAM mAInA kamaLa mAtRbhAvanI kalpanA karelI che naDiyAdamAM prathama "mAIbAlamaMDaLanI sthApanA thaI. tyAra bAda carotaramAM mahemadAvAda nAvalI kapaDavaMja kaThalAla kheDA umareTha DAkara sAvalI vADAsinera vagere sthaLoe mAImaMDaLa sthapAyAM. mAImAtAnA garabA-rAsA gAvA ane mAI taraphane bhaktibhAva darzAva, bhajanakIrtana karavuM, e a! maMDaLone mukhya uddeza che. A kALa daramyAna zAkta saMpradAyane lagatAM saMkhyAbaMdha pustaka pragaTa thayAM, jeNe paNa e uddeza bara lAvavAmAM sahAya karI. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya gujarAtanI prajAne saMskArasamRddha karavAmAM svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyane phALe savizeSa che. saMpradAyanA be vibhAgamAMnA uttara vistAranA naranArAyaNadeva(amadAvAda)nI gAdI para A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna dha. zrIvAsudevaprasAdajI (I.sa. 1901-1936) ane dha. dhu. zrIdeveMdraprasAdajI(I.sa. 1936-1968) ane lakSamInArAyaNadeva (vaDatAla)nI gAdI para zrIpatiprasAdajI(I.sa. 1909-1930),

Page #398
dhArmika sthiti 373 AnaMdaprasAdajI(I.sa. 1930-1959) ane naredraprasAdajI(I.sa. 1959 thI) gAdIpati thayA.7 AcArya zrIpatiprasAdajInA dharmazAsanakALa daramyAna muMbaIamadAvAda broDageja relave sAthe vaDatAlane sAMkaLavAmAM AvyuM. AcArya lakSmIprasAdajInA samaya daramyAna peTalAdanA zAstrI yajJapuruSadAse (I.sa. 1865-1951) Isa. 1907 mAM saMddhAMtika matavirodhane kAraNe pitAnA cha joDIdAra sAdhuo sAthe vaDatAla maMdiramAMthI chUTA paDI bacAsaNa(tA. borasada). mAM prathama maMdira sthApyuM (I.sa. 1907). saMpradAyane A phoTo "akSara-puruSottama zrIbocAsaNavAsI saMsthA tarIke prasiddha thaye. yajJapuruSadAsajI "zAstrI mahArAja' tarIke jANItA che. emanuM kAryakSetra sane 1907 thI 1951 sudhI vistaryuM. sahajAnaMda-svAminArAyaNa te puruSottamane ane guNAtItAnaMda svAmI te akSarabrahmano AvirbhAva che, puruSottamanI ArAdhanA akSarabrahmanI sAthe karavI joIe-A mAnyatAne laIne A peTA-saMpradAya "akSara-puruttama evA nAme oLakhAya che ne maMdiramAM baMnenI mUrtio padharAvAya che. zAstrIjI mahArAje bocAsaNa uparAMta sAraMgapura(ji. amadAvAda)mAM I.sa. 1916 mAM, gaMDaLamAM I. sa. 1934 mAM, gaDhaDAmAM 1945mAM ane aTalAdarA(ji. vaDodarA)mAM I.sa. 1951 mAM svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanAM maMdira baMdhAvyAM. mahIkAMThA ane kAnama vAkaLanA pachAta ane jhanUnI leke mAM saMskArasiMcananuM emaNe mahattvanuM kArya karyuM. 1951 mAM zAstrIjI mahArAjane akSaravAsa thayA pachI emanA uttarAdhikArI yogIjI mahArAje racanAtmaka kArya upADayuM. emaNe 1951 thI 1960 daramyAna Thera Thera bALamaMDaLa sthApyAM. gAMDaLamAM gurukuLa ane vidyAlaya sthApyAM. 1960 mAM vidyAnagaramAM meTuM chAtrAlaya sthApyuM. ravisabhAo ane samaiyA dvArA bhaktajanonAM haiyAMne bhaktitaraboLa karyAsatsaMgazikSaNa-parIkSAonuM Ayojana karyuM. emanuM A kArya gujarAta pUratuM ja sImita na rahetAM deza-dezAvaramAM paNa vyApyuM. pUrva AphrikA, dakSiNa AphrikA, ane iMglenDane pravAsa kheDI tyAM saMskAradhAma samA maMdira racyAM. emaNe saMpradAyanA sAhityanA pracArane khUba vega Ape che. emanI preraNAthI. zrIjI mahArAjanuM caritra' zikSApatrI" "vacanAmRta' vagere graMtha aMgrejImAM pragaTa thayA. sAMpradAyika bAla-ane yuvA-pravRttine vaizvika vyApa pramukhasvAmI dvArA thayo. pramukhasvAmIe goMDaLamAM I.sa. 1940mAM zAstrIjI mahArAja pAsethI dIkSA lIdhelI ane teonuM "nArAyaNasvarUpadAsa" evuM nAma rAkhavAmAM AveluM. I.sa. 1850 mAM amadAvAdamAM zAstrIjI mahArAje potAnI jagyAe saMsthAnA pramukha tarIke nArAyaNasvarUpadAsanI nimaNUka karI tyArathI eo

Page #399
374 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pramukhasvAmI tarIke oLakhAyA. emaNe khUba moTA pAyA para mahesonAM Ayojana karyA, jemAM varNa ke jAtibhedane bAjue mUkI sarvadharma samAdaranuM amRta siMcyuM. pacIsa hajAra jeTalA yuvAnane bhArata vyApI saMskArasiMcanamAM A saMsthAe lagADyA. a sahajAnaMda svAmInA uttarAdhikArI ziSyasvAmI gopAlAnaMdanA vArasadAre nirguNadAsajI ane IzvaracaraNadAsajI hatA. amadAvAdanA naranArAyaNadevanI gAdInA AcArya vAsudevaprasAdajI mahArAjanA samayamAM milakatanI mAlikI mATe kAnUnI vivAda zarU thayuM. 1920mAM nirguNadAsajI tathA IzvaracaraNadAsajIe zrI satsaMga mahAsabhA sthApI. IzvaracaraNadAsajInA vArasadAra muktajIvanadAsajI svAmIe 1930 mAM mahAdIkSA grahaNa karI. emane kAlupura maMdira saMsthA sAme ugra matabheda thatAM teoe pitAne alaga saMpradAya sthApyuM. maNinagara enuM mukhya keMdra banyuM. sane 1941 mAM IzvaracaraNadAsajIe maNinagara mAM maMdiranuM khAtamuhUrta karyuM ane 1944 mAM mUrtinI pratiSThA thaI. tyAra bAda muktajIvanadAsajIe akhila bhArata sAdhu samAja mAM saMgIna kAmagIrI bajAvI. dareka saMpradAyanA vaDAone ekatra karI, sadAcAra saptAhe jI abhUtapUrva kArya karI batAvyuM.10 sane 1957 ane 1967 mAM muktajIvanadAsajInI kramazaH suvarNa tulA tathA pleTinama tulA thaI. temAM Avela dAnathI teoe zaikSaNika temaja anya sAmAjika saMsthAonAM nirmANa karyA. vaLI gujarAtanA pachAta gaNAtA paMcamahAla jillAnA AdivAsIonA hadayamAM dhArmika saMrakAranuM siMcana karI navajAgRti ANI. rAmasanehI saMpradAya saM. 1798(I.sa. 1741-4ra)mAM jodhapuranA svAmI rAmadAse A saMpradAyanI sthApanA karI hatI. A saMpradAyane keTaleka prabhAva gujarAtamAM jovA maLe che. enA anuyAyIo amadAvAda surata valasADa IDara prAMtIja vaDedarA vagere sthaLoe dRSTigocara thAya che. gujarAtamAM A saMpradAyanA saMtemAM samartha dAsa(mR. I.sa. 1936-37)nuM nAma vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. teo khiDApA(rAjasthAna)nA saMta manasukhadAnanI ziSya paraMparAmAM thayA. emaNe "dhruvacarita' jevA bRhad kAvyanI racanA hiMdImAM karI.11 kabIra patha | gujarAtamAM kabIrapaMthanI aneka zAkhAo pracalita che, paraMtu emAM rAmakabIra ane satakabIra paMtha vizeSa pracalita che.

Page #400
dhArmika sthiti 37pa - jesalameranA rAjakumAra caturasiMha (vi. 1451-1559) narmadAkAMThe kabIravaDavALI jagyAe kabIra pAse dIkSA lIdhA pachI "jJAnIjI" tarIke oLakhAyA. emanI dRSTie rAma-kabIramAM koI aMtara nahotuM eTale e ane emanA anuyAyIo "rAmakabIra" bolatA. emane rAmakabIra saMpradAya bane dakSiNa ane madhya gujarAtamAM A saMpradAya pATIdAromAM vizeSa pravarte che. kaccha ane saurASTranI vividha jJAtiomAM ene pracAra che. jIvaNajI mahArAje (saM.1649I.sa. 1592-93) rAmakabIra saMpradAyane "udA-saMpradAya evuM nAma ApyuM. A saMpradAyanA anuyAyIone "udAbhakata' kahe che.12 - rAmakabIra saMpradAyanI padmanAbha-paraMparAmAM thaI gayelA saMta bhANadAsa(I.sa. 1697-98 thI I.sa. 1754-55) ane emanA ziSya ravisAheba (I.sa. 1026-27 thI I.sa. 1803-04)nA prabhAvathI gujarAtamAM ravibhANa saMpradAya paNa pracalita tha. e saMpradAyanI mukhya gAdI zerakhI(vaDodarA pAse)mAM hatI. rApara(ji. kaccha) ane jAmanagaramAM khamAsAhebanI gAdI para saM. 1970-84 (I.sa. 1913 -1928) daramyAna devIdAsa ane saM. 1884(I.sa. 1928) thI hIrAdAsa nAme saMta thaI gayA.13 A uparAMta bIjA keTalAka kabIrapaMthI saMpradAyamAM nirAMta saMpradAyane pracAra surata tathA vaDodarAmAM ane ravidAsI saMpradAyane saurASTramAM thaye hato.14 - nirAMta(I.sa. 1746-18para) dvArA sthapAyela nirAMta saMpradAyamAM bApu sAheba gAyakavADa, arjuna bhagata tathA gaNapatarAma jevA ziSyonAM nAma noMdhapAtra che. nirAMta bhagate 16 ziSyanAM gharomAM pAdukAo arpita karI gAdIo sthApI. vaDodarAnuM nirAMta maMdira sahuthI moTuM manAya che. vaDodarA uparAMta surata veDaca dethANa kAzIpura vagere sthaLoe emanI gAdIe che.15 gujarAtamAM kabIrapaMthanAM dhAma amadAvAda vaDodarA surata bharUca khaMbhAta naDiyAda morabI bhAvanagara rAjakoTa jAmanagara ane jUnAgaDhamAM che. ghaNAM meTAM zaheromAM emanI traNacAra gAdI hoya che. "susaMveda' nAmanuM A paMthanuM mAsika aMgrejI ane hiMdImAM pragaTa thAya che. brahmacArI Azrama A eka kabIra-pathanI prazAkhA hevAnuM jaNAya che. enA sthApaka saMta mahAtyamarAma (I.sa. 1825-1889) hatA. A zAkhAnI mukhya gAdI sImaraDA

Page #401
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (ji. kheDA)mAM hatI. mahAtyamarAmanA pradhAna ziSyomAM saMta harirAma (mR. I. sa. 1900) hatA, jemaNe pAdarAmAM maMdira sthApI gurune upadeza lekemAM prasA.16 praNAmI saMpradAya devacaMdra mahetA(I. sa. 1582 e sthApela ane prANanAthe (I. sa. 16181685) jAmanagaramAM prasArela zrInijAnaMda kRSNapraNAmI saMpradAya paNa A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna khUba vikasyo. jAmanagaranA khIjaDA maMdiranI dharmapIThanA AcArya dhanadAsajI temaja emanA pachI gAdIe AvelA kAmadAsajI(gAdI I. sa. 1944)nAM preraNA ane puruSArthathI emAM bhAre vadhAro thayo. saMpradAyamAM A kALa daramyAna deDha lAkha jeTalA ziSya vadhyA ane teone pracAra nepALa, AsAma uparAMta paMjAbamAM vizeSa thayo. gujarAtamAM paNa emanI saMkhyA vadhI. prakAzanapravRttimAM khAsa karIne saMpradAyagraMtha "svarUpasAheba" pragaTa thatAM pATha-pArAyaNa vadhyAM temaja navA 100 jeTalAM maMdira paNa baMdhAyAM.17 A saMpradAyanI suratanI gAdI "phakIrI gAdI ane jAmanagaranI gAdI "gRhasthI gAdI" kahevAtI. suratanI gAdI svAmI prANanAthathI zarU thaI. udAsI saMpradAya gujarAtamAM udAsI saMpradAyane prasAra paNa A kAla daramyAna thayela. khaMbhAtamAM udAsI bAvAnuM maMdira (sthA. I. sa. 1728) prasiddha che. A gAdI upara bheLAnAtha gaMgArAma rAmadAsa gurudatta AbhArAma lakSamaNudAsa suMdaradAsa gulAbadAsa ane mastarAma thaI gayo mastarAma A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna thaI gayA.19 kubera paMthe A saMpradAyane "kevalajJAnasaMpradAya" ke "kAyama-paMtha' paNa kahe che. A saMpradAyanA pravartaka kuberadAsa(I. sa. 1772-73) hatA. emanI mukhya gAdI sAssA(sANaMda pAse)mAM sthApAI hatI. A saMpradAyanAM lagabhaga para jeTalAM maMdira gujarAtamAM che. " data saMpradAya AdhyAtmika mArgomAM dattanI upAsanA eka jIvaMta ane javalaMta sAdhanApraNAlI che. gujarAtamAM e praNAlInI sAdhanAne tathA dattanI jIvanalIlAne zabdabaddha karavAnuM kArya mahAtmA raMga avadhUte karyuM che. datta saMpradAyane zigama ane vikAsa mahArASTramAM thayo hato, pIpAda valabha dattAtreyane prathama avatAra ane siMha sarasvatI bIjo avatAra manAtA. nRsiMha

Page #402
dhArmika sthiti 377 sarasvatIe dattaupAsanAne je gurumArga batAvyA te AgaLa jatAM dattA saMpradAya' kahevAya. gujarAtamAM datta saMpradAyanA eka samartha pravartaka mahAtmA raMga avadhUta (I.sa. 1898-1968) vAsudevAnaMda sarasvatInA ziSya hatA. godharAmAM janmelA, emanuM mULa nAma pADuraMga viThThala vaLAme hatuM. siddha mahAtmA guru Tebe svAmI, dAdA dhUnIvAlA ane paramahaMsa caMdrazekharAnaMdanA AzIrvAdathI emaNe nArezvaramAM datta-upAsanA sana 1925 mAM zarU karI. 1936 mAM emanI kRti "dattanAmasmaraNa ane 19ra7 mAM "vAsudeva nAmasudhA' pragaTa thayAM. A uparAMta "raMgahRdayama' (1932), "gurulIlAmRta' (1934) "dattabAvanI' (1935) "dattanAmasmaraNa" (1948) ane "akSaragIta' (1957pragaTa thayAM. teonA prabhAvathI nArezvaramAM dattatIrtha UbhuM thayuM. emaNe dattajayaMtI jevA prasaMgoe lekameLA cAlu karI bhAvika prajAnA hRdayamAM saMtanuM gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta karyuM che. emanA anuyAyIo emane nirguNa dattanA saguNa avatAra tarIke pUje che ane teonI amRtavANImAMthI preraNuM meLave che. rAmadevapIra saMpradAya rAjasthAna mAravADamAM raNujA gAme rAmadevapIra saMpradAya zarU thayuM. lagabhaga baso varSa pUrve raNujAthI LakA pAse raMgapura AvIne rAmabAvAe rAmadevapIranuM maMdira karyuM. I. sa. 1910 nI AsapAsa amadAvAdanaM ghIkAMTA vistAramAM dhaMdhArthe AvelA mAravADI luhAra jJAtinA bhAIoe emanA samAja taraphathI eka nAnI derI banAvI temAM 19ra8 mAM mUrtinI pratiSThA karI. A uparAMta rAmadevapIranAM anya maMdiramAM amadAvAdamAM halImanI khaDakI maheMdI kUvA pAse kAcakalAmaMdira ane zAhIbAganA maMdirane samAveza thAya che. saurASTramAM kAlAvaDa pAse raNujAmAM AvelA rAmadevapIranI jagyA meTuM tIrtha gaNAya che. sAMIbAbA saMpradAya ziraDInA sAMIbAbA(laga. I. sa. 1850-1818)nA anuyAyIone eka varga gujarAtamAM A kALa daramyAna hatuM. enA pracAramAM sAMI zaraNAnaMda jevA zikSita mahAtmAne phALe savizeSa che. amadAvAdamAM 1948 mAM sAMImaMDaLa sthapAyuM. tyAra bAda tArakasabhavanamAM sAMI vizvamaMdiranI sthApanA thaI. dara guruvAre sAMIbAbAnAM stavane, bhajana, ane svAdhyAyane kAryakrama tha, bAlAhanumAna najIka bAbAnI mUrtinI vidhiAra pratiSThA lagabhaga 1966 mAM karavAmAM AvI. 23

Page #403
(378 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (4) saMta ane bhaktajano A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna thaI gayelA saMtonI paraMparAe gujarAtanI prajAnA sAMskRtika ane AdhyAtmika vArasAne TakAvI rAkhavAmAM mahAmUluM pradAna karyuM che. emanAM jIvana ane kArya A vArasAne ja eka bhAga che. emanA dharmopadeze prajAnA jIvanamAM cetana pUryuM che. AvA saMtamAM dharmakSetre prajAjIvanamAM agatyanuM pradAna karanAra keTalAka saMtonI jhAMkhI karIe. saurASTramAM geMDaLa ane jetapura vacce AvelA vIrapuranuM jalArAma bApA(I. sa. 1800-1881)nuM pavitra dhAma AkhA saurASTramAM mazahUra che. ahIM seMkaDo leke yAtrAe Ave che ane bAdhAo temaja mAnatAo pUrI kare che. ahIM sadAvrata cAle che, jene nAtajAtanA bhedabhAva vagara sahune lAbha maLe che. 24 AvAM sadAvrata saurASTramAM A uparAMta satAdhAra(jUnAgaDha), sAyelA(vAMkAnera) calALA(amarelI) ane pALiyAda(suredranagara) jevAM sthaLe e cAle che A kAla daramyAna vIrapuranA jalArAma bApAnI jagyAnA giradhararAma bApAe annakSetra uparAMta bhojanazALAo, atithigRha, aneka zikSaNa saMsthAo vagere sAmAjika kalyANanI pravRttione prAraMbha karyo che. dulA kAga rANapuramAM bhajanasaptAhe UjavatA. - sAyelA(vAMkAnera)ne bhagata lAlajI mahArAja(I. sa. 1800)nuM nAma saurASTranA saMtomAM suprasiddha che. kathAvArtA dharmopadeza satsaMga jJAnacarcA ane duHkhIonA duHkhanivAraNa dvArA sAyalAnI AjubAjunI dharatIne mahekatI rAkhavAnuM kAma A saMte karyuM. A kALa daramyAna emanI ziSya paraMparAmAM motIrAmadAsajI(I.sa. 1807-08 thI 1930-31), kRSNadAsajI(I. sa. 1930 31 thI 1946-47) ane mAyArAmadAsajI(I. sa. 1946-47 thI I. sa. 197071) thayA. 25 madhyapradezanA bAyaphaLa gAmamAM janmelA raNachoDadAsajI mahArAja (dehavilaya I. sa. 1970)ne gujarAtamAM mukhya Azrama rAjakoTamAM hato. mAnavasevA dvArA prabhusevAne emane Adarza hatA. emaNe gujarAtamAM judAM judAM sthaLoe saMkaTasamaye rAhatyajJa karyA, aneka rAhatapravRttio karI, netrayajJa karyA, temaja gauvadha baMdhI mATe prayAsa karyA. emanI preraNAthI sthapAyela zrIsadgurusevAsaMdhe A pravRttio cAlu rAkhI che. emanI hAkala paDaze gAmegAmathI yuvaka-yuvatio dhaMdherojagAra abhyAsa badhuM paDatuM mUkIne svayaMsevaka banI sevA karavA hAjara thaI jatAM. vepArI AlamanA ane bIjA samAjanA aneka bhAvika leke emanA

Page #404
dhArmika sthiti 379 khUba zraddhA dharAvatA. mAnavasevAnA Adarza rajU karanArA satAmAM emanuM nAma agra pa`ktimAM che.26 saurASTranA mahAna sa MtA ane sAdhakAmAM zrImannanathurAma zarmA(I. sa. 1858-1960)nu nAma agrasthAne che. tee eka mahAna yeAgI ane jJAnI hatA. emaNe jUnAgaDha pAse khIlakhAmAM Azrama sthApyuM, emanA AzramamAM saMdhyAvaMdanAdi AcAra, vazuddhi, zAstrathAnuM saMpAdana, panapAThana, carcA vagere pravRtti thI, zrImannanathurAme bhakti cega ane jJAnaviSayaka 100 uparAMta graMtha racyA che. uparAMta tee sanAtana dharmanAM pracAra saMrakSaNu ane saMvardhana karavAnuM kAma paNa karatA ane potAnA ziSyA dvArA dhamanI pravRtti akhaMDita cAlu rAkhatA, khristI mizanarIenI jema pravAsa karIne te pAte tathA emanA ziSyA kathAvArtA ane pravacane dvArA dharma pracAra karatA,27 dharma pracArArthe emaNe saurASTramAM pAMca AnaMdAzrama sthApyA che. gujarAtamAM paNa amadAvAda vagere anya sthaLAe emanA Azrama che. dhUmaketu, nAnAbhAI bhaTTa ane gijubhAI jevA lekhAnA jIvanaghaDataramAM zrImanA phALA noMdhapAtra che. nAnAbhAie emanI preraNAthI bhAvanagaramAM bAlazikSaNanI dakSiNAmUrti saMsthAnI sthApanA karI,28 dUdharejanI jagyAmAM A kAla daramyAna mahu te! raghuvaradAsajI jIvanarAmadAsa ane gAmIdAsa thayA. 'vaDavAlA'nI A jagyAne teoe Ayara ane rabArI kAmamAM prabhAva vistAryo. leAkakalyANanAM kArya karI madhyama ane nIcalA staranA leAkAnA utthAnanI pravRttie karavAmAM naDiyAda ane karamasadanAM saMtarAma madirAnu prada!na amUlya che. naDiyAdanA suprasiddha yogIrAja saMtarAma mahArAja(samAdhi I. sa. 1841)nuM nAma gujarAtanI saMtaparaMparAmAM meAkharAnuM che. tee avadhUta mahAtmA hatA. 1816 mAM tee naDiyAda AvelA. emane samAdhistha thayAne 100 varSoM pUrAM thatAM 'prathama samAdhi zatAbdI maheAtsava' UjavavAmAM AvyA ane mumukSuonA hitArthe emanI tathA emanA ziSyAnI vANI 'pasaMgraha' nAme graMthamAM prasiddha karavAmAM AvI.29 zrIsaMtarAma mahArAjanAM jJAna ane yoganA prabhAvathI aneka sAdhaka AtmakalyANa ane dana mATe AvatA, AthI kabIravaDanI jema A saMtarAma maMdiranI saMsthA vikasI che. ahIM guruziSyapara parA cAlu che, e paraMparAmAM thayelA jAnakIdAsajI(I.sa, 1878-1970)e enA vikAsamAM ghaNu agatyanu pradAna karyuM che. Aje saMtarAma maMdira jillAmAM sahuthI mATAM ane

Page #405
34 0 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI agragaNya maMdiromAMnuM eka che. ahIM dara mahA mahinAnI pUname ane janmASTamI upara meLA bharAya che. maMdiramAM aneka vidvAne zAstrIo ane vyAkhyAnakAre Ave che. maMdira taraphathI saMtarAma kanyAzALA, vidyA zALA, vizALa atithinivAsa, krIDAMgaNa vagere baMdhAyelAM che. ahIM lagnaprasaMgoe bhojana samAraMbha yojAya che. A maMdiranI zAkhAo vaDodarA umareTha pAdarA karamasada kAyalI ane raDamAM che.30 sAvalI(ji. vaDodarA)mAM bhAvasAra kuTuMbamAM janmelA zrImeTA(I. sa. 1888-1976)e 1924 mAM bAlayogIjI mahArAja pAse naDiyAdamAM dIkSA lIdhI. 1930 thI 1939 nAM varSa teoe ekAMta sAdhanAmAM gALyAM. sane 184ra5 daramyAna harijana sevA-saMdha mATe phALo ugharAvavAnuM kArya karyuM. AjhAdI bAda teoe zrethaenA AtmakalyANa mATe naDiyAdamAM 1954 mAM, rAMdera (surata)mAM 1959 mAM ane naroDA(amadAvAda)mAM 1962 mAM "hari oma" Azrama ane sAdhanAkuTira(maunamaMdira) sthApyAM. A uparAMta surata ane kuMbhakoNamamAM paNa maunamaMdira sthApyAM. 1 maunamaMdiranuM hArda "mahAmauna" vinA prabhuprApti nathI e che. emanA AzramamAM IzvarasmaraNa dvArA AtmatRSA chipAvavA aneka leka jatA. maunamaMdiramAM besavA mATe nAtajAtanA bheda nathI. emAM ochAmAM ochA sAta divasa eka oraDAmAM taddana ekAMtamAM gALavAnA hoya che ane moTethI iSTadevanuM raTaNa japayajJa) karavAnuM hoya che. gujarAtamAM zikSaNa sAhitya ane yuvA pravRttinA preraka tema pretsAhaka ane saMvardhaka tarIke zrImoTAnuM nAma gujarAtanI prajAne haiye vaseluM che. DabhoImAM kAyaratha brAhmaNa jJAtimAM 1913 mAM janmelA kRpAlvAnaMdajIe 1932 mAM muMbaInA svAmI praNavAnaMdajI pAse gadIkSA lIdhI. vArANasImAM saMskRta bhASA ane adhyAtmagraMthanuM adhyayana karyuM. 1934 thI 1930 sudhI DabhoImAM puSTimArgIya pAThazALAnA adhyApaka rahyA. teoe malAva(tA. kAlela, ji. paMcamahAla)mAM kRpALu-Azrama sabhAkhaMDa ane hAlela (ji. paMcamahAla) mAM zrIkRSNagozALA tathA yu.esa.e. mAM cAra Azrama sthApyAM. emaNe kAyAvarohaNamAM sthApela pAThazALAmAM temaja maMdiramAM vidyArthIo ane sAdhusaMte saMskRtanuM zikSaNa letA.32 1955 mAM teo kAyAvarohaNamAM sthira thayA. emaNe "84 yogAsane" "premadhArA" "guruprasAdI' 'gItAnjana" "guru vacanAmRta" kapAluvApha "sudhAjhAra" "rAgati jevA adhyAtmaviSayaka graMtha racyA. siddhayogI ane samartha jJAnI tarIke kRpAlvAnaMdajInI bhAre khyAti prasarI hatI. =3

Page #406
dhArmika sthiti 381 svAmI sadAzive(janma : baMgALa, I. sa. 1907) 1932 mAM amadAvAdanA nIlakaMThanA akhADAnA yogivarya zrI lakSmaNagiri svAmI pAse dIkSA lIdhI. 1926 mAM emane AtmasAkSAtkAra thayo. teoe mahAgAyatrI maMtranI upAsanA karI. 1949-195ra daramyAna aMbAjImAM rahI A maMtranuM alaulika rIte japAnuSThAna karyuM. narmadAtaTe garuDezvara(rAjapIMpaLA) AzramamAM eka varSa vaidika paraMparA pramANenI kaThora tapazcaryA karI.4 amadAvAda pAse moTerAmAM teoe Azrama sthApela. emanA aneka bhaktoe emanAmAM prema karuNA ane jJAnane anubhava karelo. sarakhejanA moDha brAhmaNa kuTuMbanA sAgara mahArAja(I. sa. 18831936) prakhara vedAMtI sUphI saMta thaI gayA. kavi kalApInA sUphI IzkanA raMge raMgAyelA sAgara mahArAja paramAtmaprApti mATe saphI Izka arthAta snehagane vizeSa prAdhAnya ApatA. I.sa. 1912 mAM emane akhAnA matane anusaratA bhagavAna mahArAja pAsethI "akhAnI vANI maLI ane enA upara ciMtana karavA teo himAlaya gayA. tyAra bAda emanA mana upara jJAnamArga ane sUphI matane prabhAva daDha thaye, 1916 mAM dIvAne sAgara," datara 1 prasiddha karyuM ane citrAla(tA. pAdarA)mAM sAgarAzrama sthApyA. 1920 mAM "saMtonI vANI ane anya sAhitya prasiddha karyuM. 1925 mAM kalApInA kumAra jorAvarasiMhajI sAgarAzramamAM AvyA. sAgara mahArAje emanA ane anya ziSyonA jIvananuM AmUla parivartana karyuM. 1925-30 daramyAna sarakheja AvI tyAM "sAgarAzrama" sthA. 1936 mAM dIvAne sAgara'nuM bIju datara bahAra paDyuM. sAgara mahArAjanuM pradAna gurjara adhyAtmasAhitya-sarjanakSetre viziSTa ane nedhapAtra che. 5 "punita mahArAjanA nAme oLakhAtA bAlakRSNa bhAIlAla bhaTTa (I. sa. 1908-1962) gujarAtanI dharmapremI janatAnA hRdayamAM virala sthAna prApta karyuM che. teo gujarAtamAM zahera temaja gAmegAma jaI bhajane ane AkhyAne dvArA hiMdudharmanuM hAI prajA samakSa sacoTa rIte rajU karatA. emaNe amadAvAdamAM eka "punita Azrama sthApyo che. narmadAkAMThe moTI koralamAM vAnaprasthAzrama sthApIne teo jIvananAM cheTalAM varSa tyAM rahyA hatA. emanAM racelAM bhajana khUba lokapriya che. emanuM 'janakalyANa' nAme mAsika patra nIkaLe che. punita mahArAje prerelI pravRttio punita Azrame cAlu rAkhI che, jemAM rAmanAmanI benka, vakhatevakhata jatA daridranArAyaNane annavastra dAna(bhAkharI ane dhAbaLA

Page #407
382 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI dAna)ne kAryakrama ane punitaprasAdanA paDiyA-svarUpe pIrasAtuM bhaktisAhitya, pUname DAkera jatA padayAtrA saMdha vagere khAsa noMdhapAtra che. A uparAMta bIjA aneka saMtoe gujarAtanI prajAnA dhArmika temaja AdhyAtmika jIvanane ghaDavAmAM amUlya pradAna karyuM che. temAM mAlasara AzramanA baMgALI saMta mAdhavadAsajI mahArAja (I. sa. 1806-1921), pATaDInA saracUdAsajI mahArAja(I. sa. 1848-1912), godharAnA puruSottama bhagata(I. sa. 18551926), vIrANa(kaccha)nA tilakadAsajI mahArAja(I. sa. 1858-1932), narasaMDA(tA. naDiyAda)nA haridAsajI(I. sa. 1862-1938), anagaDha(tA. vaDodarA) aMbArAma mahArAja(I. sa. 1863-1933), premasvarUpa paramAtmAnA kIrtanakAra premAvatAra baMgALI saMta haranAtha pAgala(I. sa. 1865-1927), bagadANa(mahuvA)ne yogI haranAtha (vidyamAna), maMjUsara(vaDodarA)nA mugaTarAma mahArAja(I. sa. 1874-1924), godaDiyA svAmI tarIke prasiddha madrAsanA svAmI prakAzAnaMdajI(I. sa. 1883-1965), kerala AzramanA paMjAbI saMta svAmI nirmaLakapALa hari(I. sa. 1882-1967), khaMbhAlI(tA. peTalAda) nA svAmI devakRSNAnaMdajI(I. sa. 1885-1939), morabInA svAmI mAdhavatIrthajI (I. sa. 1885-1960), nAMdoda(ji. bharUca)nA sUphI saMta satArazAha(I. sa. 1892-1966), vaDodarAnA svAmI naMdakizorajI(I. sa. 1897-1968), bhAdaraNanA satyAnaMdajI(I. sa. 1888-1972), bhAdaraNanA dAdA bhagavAna(I.sa. 1908 thI vidyamAna), sArasANa(lakhatara)ne nArAyaNa bApu(I. sa. 1915 thI vidyamAna), amadAvAdamAM yogasAdhana AzramanI sthApanA I. sa. 1936) karanAra manuvaryajI (I. sa1915thI vidyamAna), vaDodarAnA paramAnaMda svAmI(I. sa. 1917 thI vidyamAna), bhAdaraNanivAsI svAmI kRSNAnaMdajI(I. sa. 19ra0 thI vidyamAna), kheDAsthita baMgALI saMta pAgala paramAnaMda(I. sa. 1970 sudhI), moTerA AzramanA saMta AzArAmajI (janma I. sa. 1942), oDhavanA nityAnaMdajI mahAprabhu, vIjApuranA rAmajI mahArAja(jeo pite bAI hatAM), kalelanA saMta praNavarAmajI jevA aneka saMtoe paNa pitAnAM vANI-vacana-upadezathI temaja sadAcaraNathI potAnA bhaktajane ane sAdhake upara UMDo prabhAva pADyo che. A uparAMta pitAnI vidvattApUrNa vANIthI lekanA hRdaya para UMDI asara pADanArA vikhyAta bhAgavatakathAkAromAM vaDodarAnA narahari zAstrI, naDiyAdanA kRSNazaMkara zAstrI ane vaDodarAnA DAMgare mahArAjanAM nAmone nirdeza karavo ghaTe. nAmAMkita bhajanikomAM rUpAlanA sItArAma mahArAja ane unAvAvALA zaMkara mahArAjano paNa bhAre prabhAva paDyo hato.

Page #408
dhArmika sthiti 383 (5) dhArmika saMsthAo jagannAtha maMdira amadAvAdamAM jamAlapuramAM AveluM jagannAthamaMdira lagabhaga 150 varSa jUnuM che. A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna maMdiranA mahaMta nRsiMhadAsajI mahArAje(nirvANaI. sa. 1959) jagannAtha maMdira vikasAvavAmAM amUlya phALo Ape che. emanA nejA heThaLa gauzALA, sAdhusevA sadAvrata jevI keTalIka dhArmika pravRttio cAlatI hatI. A maMdiramAM aSADhI bIjanA divase rathayAtrA lagabhaga sane 1884 nA arasAthI amadAvAdamAM nIkaLe che. mukhya maMdiramAM jagannAthajI baladevajI ane subhadrAjInI pratimAo che. gItAmaMdira gujarAtamAM gItAdharmane pracAra mahAmaMDalezvara svAmI vidyAnaMdajI dvArA thayo che. gItAdharmanA pracAranA pratIkarUpa gItAmaMdiranI sthApanA amadAvAda vaDedarA ane karanALImAM thaI. amadAvAdanuM gItAmaMdira svAmI vidyAnaMdajInI preraNAthI sane 1941 mAM baMdhAyuM. emAgItAdevInI caturbhuja mUrti ane moTe sabhAkhaMDa che. sabhAkhaMDanI dIvAla para bhagavadgItAnA leka kotarelI ArasanI tatIo jaDI che. A maMdiramAM Ayurvedika auSadhAlaya, rasAyaNazALA, vidyAnaMda presa, gItA svAdhyAya, gItAdharma' mAsika ane gauzALA, annakSetra jevI pravRttio cAle che. svAmI vidyAnaMdajI mahArAja dehavilaya I. sa. 1957) ane emanA ziSya mahAmaMDalezvara sadAnaMdajI mahArAje A pravRttio vikasAvavAmAM amUlya phALe Apyo che. vaDodarAnA gItAmaMdiramAM paNa ArogyamaMdira, vidyAnaMdajI vidyAvihAra, sadAnaMdajI phijhiyotherapI kaMda, gItA mudraNAlaya, gItAjayaMtI-mahatsava jevI aneka pravRttio cAle che. suratamAM AcArya puruSottama zAstrIe 1945 mAM zrI sUryapura gItAjJAnamaMdiranI sthApanA karI.37 - vedamaMdira amadAvAdamAM A uparAMta vedapracAranI pravRttio paNa A samaya daramyAna cAlatI hatI. AjathI lagabhaga 60 varSa pahelAM svAmI uttamAnaMdajIe akhaMDAnaMda Azrama sthApele. svAmI gaMgezvarAnaMdajInI preraNAthI vi.sa. 2004 (I. sa. 194-48)mAM amadAvAdamAM vedamaMdiranI sthApanA thaI. enA e samayanA mahaMta svAmI sevArAma mahArAja hatA. A maMdiramAM vedanArAyaNanI pratimA pratiSThita che.

Page #409
384 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI maMdira taraphathI gozALA annakSetra ane cikitsAlaya cAle che. gaMgezvarAnaMdajIe vaidika sAhityanA saMpAdana temaja enA pracAra mATe stutya prayatna karyA che. saMnyAsAzrama A uparAMta gujarAtamAM gAmegAma saMnyAsa-Azrama sthapAyA che, jemAM vedAMtanAM pravacana thAya che. AvA AzramomAM amadAvAdane saMnyAsa Azrama (sthA. I. sa. 1930 nI AsapAsa) ane narmadAtaTanA vividha Azramone paNa niza karI zakAya. amadAvAdanA AzramamAM I. sa. 1941 mAM kRSNAnaMdajI mahArAja gAdInazIna thayAne takatIlekha emanI pratimAnI beThaka nIce katarelo che. kRSNAnaMdajI mahArAje dhArmika ane kathA-upadezanI pravRttio vaDe amadAvAdanA bhaktasamAjamAM ane khuM sthAna prApta karyuM hatuM. teo I. sa. 1977 mAM brahmalIna thayA. AzramamAM bhAvika bhaktonI bheTamAMthI ekatra thayelA phaMDamAMthI AzramanI saMsthAnA nibhAva mATe ane gAyanA nirvAha mATe jogavAI karelI che. saMsthA taraphathI saMskRta pAThazALA, satasaMga, svAdhyAya vagere pravRttio cAle che? pAMDuraMga zAstrI AThavaLe (I.sa. 1920-vidyamAna)-prerita svAdhyAyamaMDaLa rohA(mahArASTra) nA pAMDuraMga zAstrI AThavalene gujarAtanI dharmapremI janatA para prabhAva che. sAMskRtika graMthane abhyAsa ane bhagavadgItAne svAdhyAya e emanuM jIvanavrata che. thANu pAse emaNe 1955 mAM tattvajJAna vidyApITha sthApI. emanA vicArane sAkAra karatI aneka zikSaNa saMsthAo sthapAI. A saMsthAone jIvanaprajJA" "tattvati "tatvamaMdira "tatvabhAvanA" "bhAvanirjhara' evAM sUcaka nAma maLyAM che. emanI moTI pravRtti svAdhyAyanI che. emanA ziSya gAmegAma bhaktipherI karI lekamAM dhArmika jAgRti ANe che. teonI svAdhyAyanA pravRtti sAmAjanA nIcalA thara sudhI AdivAsIo harijana ane mAchImAra sudhI pahoMcI che. emanA sAMnidhyamAM AdivAsI ane harijananAM milana yojAya che. muMbaImAM ane saurASTramAM verAvaLamAM mAchImAronAM aneka saMcAlana jAyAM che.19 zreyasAdhaka adhikArI varga gujarAtanA zikSita samAjamAM priya ane vyApaka banelI zreya sAdhaka pravRttie dharmakSetre umadA pradAna karyuM che. A saMpradAyanA Adi pravartaka zrImanRsiMhAcAryajI(I. sa. 1853 thI I. sa. 1897) hatA. emanA putra ane uttarAdhikArI vaDodarA zreyasAdhaka adhikArI varganA dvitIya AcArya upedra

Page #410
dhArmika sthiti 35 cAryajI(I. sa. 1885 - 1937) hatA, jemaNe zraddhA saMkalpa ane upadezathI avidyAvRta aneka sAdhakahRdayamAM zuddha saMskAra jAgrata karyA ane zreyasAdhaka vargane vikasAvyuM tathA jJAna yuga ane premalakSaNA bhaktine rAha lene batAvyo. emanA addabhuta cAritryathI keTalAka sudhArake sAkSara dezabhakta kavio tathA vidvAne emanA tarapha AkarSAyA ane gujarAtanA zikSita varganI dharmazraddhAnI tane vadhu prajvalita banAvavAmAM emaNe mahattvane phALo Apyo. 10 zrI rAmakRSNa mizana, rAjakoTa gujarAtamAM rAmakRSNa mizananI pravRttinuM mukhya keMdra rAjakoTa che. sane 1916 mAM belUra maThanA mukhya vyavasthApakomAMnA eka svAmI mAdhavAnaMdajIe rAjakoTanI mulAkAta lIdhI. e vakhate rAjakoTa khAte eka keMdranI sthApanA karavAnI vAta rajU thaI hatI, pariNAme 1927 mAM morabInA mahArAva lakhadhIrajInI udAra sakhAvatanA pratApe rAjakoTamAM morabInA utArAnA makAnamAM prAraMbha thayo, tyAra bAda 1934 mAM rAjakeTanA ThAkora sAheba dharmedrasiMhajI taraphathI Azramane kAyamI nivAsa banAvavA jamInane ploTa maLatAM tyAM AzramanuM sthaLAMtara thayuM. brahmAnaMda turIyAnaMda zAradAnaMda abhedAnaMda atAnaMda triguNAtItAnaMda akhaMDAnaMda vijJAnAnaMda vagere svAmIo ahIM AvelA. A AzramanA sAdhuo sAMskRtika dhArmika ane AdhyAtmika Adarzone bedha ApavA dUra dUra bhramaNa kare che. A AzramanI pravRttiomAM rAmakRSNadeva ane svAmI vivekAnaMda zatAbdI graMthamALAmAM pustakonuM prakAzana, tabIbI sevA, vidyAthI maMdira, rAhatakAryo vagerene samAveza thAya che.41 Arya samAja AryasamAja jevI prakhara ane tejasvI dharmavicAraNAne prAraMbha svAmI dayAnaMde (I.sa. 1824-1883) karyo. I.sa. 1888mAM amadAvAdamAM AryasamAjanAM sthApanA thaI. svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI-prerita vedapracAranuM kArya cAlu rahe e mATe gujarAtamAM gurukuLa sabhAe prathama gurukuLa zraddhAnaMdajInA zubha haste navasArI pAse saMpAmAM ra0 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM thayuM hatuM. muMbaI AryasamAjanA svAmI nityAnaMdajI ane bAlakRSNa paMDitanA pracAra dvArA AkhA gujarAtamAM AryasamAjanI havA phelAvA mAMDI. naDiyAda ane vaDodarAmAM 1908 mAM hiMdu anAtha-AzramanI sthApanA thaI hatI. 1912 mAM ANaMdamAM Arya 25

Page #411
386 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI samAja sthapAyela. A uparAMta kheDA jillAnAM paMDaLI nAvalI sAmarakhA cidarA naDiyAda narasaMDA vagere sthaLoe paNa Arya samAjanI sthApanA thaI.42 1915 nA arasAmAM porabaMdaramAM rAjaratna zeTha nAnajI kAlidAse Arya kanyA gurukuLanI sthApanA karI. A saMsthA dvArA mahilA koleja paNa cAle che. A saMsthAmAM bahenane vaidika saMskAronuM siMcana karavAnuM mahattvanuM kArya thayuM. 1924 mAM ANaMdamAM "carotara pradeza Arya samAjanI sthApanA thaI ane judAM judAM gAmonA chUTA chUTA AryasamAjIoe bhegA thaI eka saMgaThana racyuM. AryasamAjIe veda ane vedAnukULa dharmazAstrane mAne che. mUrti pUjAmAM teo mAnatA nathI. guNakarmAnusAra varNavyavasthAne Adarza svIkAre che. cihna tarIke janoI pahere che. kanyAone yajJopavIta saMskAra karavAmAM Ave che. vaLI, emane hiMmata, vyAyAma, dhanurvidyA, vaidika adhyayana, vaidika saMskAra, zuddhisaMskAra vagerenuM zikSaNa ApavAmAM Ave che. vidhamI thayela vyaktione pharI zuddha karavAnuM kAma paNa A saMsthA dvArA thAya che. Arya samAja dvArA vaidika vidhithI lagna karAvI ApavAnuM kArya paNa thAya che.44 thisophikala sosAyaTI gujarAtamAM 1882 nA arasAmAM bhAvanagara pAse varalanA darabAra harisiMhajI, vaDhavANanA rAjavI zrI dAjIrAjajI, bhAvanagaranA mahArAjAnA e.DI.sI. murAdaalI bega, bhAvanagara rAjyanA keLavaNI niyAmaka pri. jamazedajI UnavALA vageree kAThiyAvADa thiyosophikala sosAyaTInI sthApanA karI, tyArathI A saMsthA saMskArapracAra, prAcIna dharma ane saMskRtinI bhavyatA TakAvI samAjasevAnI pravRtti kare che. surata vaDedarA amadAvAda rAjakoTa naDiyAda ANaMda vagere mahatvanAM sthaLoe enI zAkhAone A sosAyaTIe samAjasudhAraNA, dharmaviSayaka binasAMpradAyikatA, baMdhutA, samAjopakArI zikSaNa temaja prajAnA mAnasika ane naitika Arogya mATe ghaNI sevAo ApI che.45 zrI araviMda kevo . A kAla daramyAna gujarAtanI janatAne tatvajJAna ane bhaktibhAvathI sparza janAra aneka pravAhamAM zrI araviMdanI tatvapraNAlikAne moTo phALo che. pitAne tIvra buddhivA sene AMjI nAkhanAra pratibhAsaMpanna vidyAguru zrI araviMda(I. sa. 1875-1950)nI pratibhAthI aMjAyela juvAna varga emanAM tattvaciMtanabharyA vyAkhyAna sAMbhaLI maMtramugdha banyA. enI pahelI UMDI asara kheDA

Page #412
dhArmika sthiti 387 jillAnA abubhAI purANI para thaI, teo 1918 mAM zrI araviMdanA prathama saMparkamAM AvyA ane emaNe araviMdanI vicAradhArA AtmasAta karI. tyArabAda 1923thI 1947 sudhI satata araviMda-AzramamAM rahyA. 1947 mAM jyAre teo gujarAtamAM pAchA AvyA tyAre nAnubhAI paTela, De. maNibhAI parIkha, choTAbhAI bhaTTa vageree bhegA maLI vaDodarAmAM zrI araviMda-muMdranI sthApanA karI.4 pUjAlAla paNa 1926-28 daramyAna paMDIcerI AzramamAM gayA. emaNe tyAM rahI gujarAtI mAM bhaktisAhityanI kavitAnuM sarjana cAlu rAkhI gujarAtI sAhityamAM vipula pradAna karyuM che. zrI araviMdanI vicAradhArAne sau prathama ane vyavasthita pracAra karanArAomAM aMbubhAI purANInuM nAma mokhare che. emaNe araviMda-tatvajJAnanA niSkarSa samA "pUrNayoga (I. sa. 1922, 1923, 1926)bhAga 1, 2, "gItAnibaMdha' (I. sa. 1922, 1952) jevA graMtha ANaMdamAMthI prakAzita karyA. ANaMda araviMdatatvajJAnapracAranuM keMdra banyuM. 1948 nA arasAmAM mahemadAvAdamAM eka araviMda-svAdhyAya maMDaLa racAyuM. naDiyAdamAM 19pa3 nI AsapAsa araviMda-maMdira zarU thayuM. dara ravivAre maMdiramAM pravacana thatAM. kavi sundarame pitAnAM vyAkhyAne dvArA cAretara pradezamAM emAM khUba rasa pedA karyo. 1950 mAM suratamAM araviMda-maMDaLanI sthApanA thaI. emAM abhyAsavargo zibiro pradarzane ne vyAkhyAnI yojanA karavAmAM AvI. sundarama 1945 thI araviMda-AzramamAM rahetA thayA. emaNe dakSiNa maimAsika 1947 thI zarU karyuM. 1955 thI zrI araviMda-zibiranI pravRtti zarU karI. divya jIvana sAMskRtika saMgha dakSiNa bhAratamAM janmelA maharSi zivAnaMda sarasvatI(Isa. 18871963) lekanI unnati mATe vedakAlathI cAlI AvatI AdhyAtmika paraMparAnA tirdhara hatA. saMnyAsInA svarUpe emaNe jJAna vairAgya bhakti prema ane sevAne AdhyAtmika saMdeza phelAvavA hRSIkezamAM I. sa. 1934nI AsapAsa zivAnaMda-AzramanI sthApanA karI ane divya jIvanano saMdeza jagatamAM prasAravA I. sa. 1936 mAM "divya jIvana saMgha'nI sthApanA karI. gujarAtamAM paNa zivAnaMda svAmI-sthApita divyajIvana saMghanI zAkhAo che, je divyajIvana sAskRtika saMgha tarIke oLakhAya che. svAmIjI I. sa. 1950nA arasAmAM vaDodarAmAM padhArelA te samayathI divya jIvana saMghanI pravRttio gujarAtamAM cAle che. saurASTramAM che. zivAnaMda adhvaryae 1953 thI divya jIvana saMdhanI

Page #413
388 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pravRttione bhAre vistAra karyo ane enA Azraye kSetranI sevAone janatAne vizeSa lAbha thayo. halakezanA svAmI zivAnaMdanA ziSya svAmI zrIbhadra suratamAM prArthanAsaMdhanI sthApanA 1948 mAM karI. A saMsthA taraphathI "prArthanA" nAmanuM mAsika pragaTa thAya che. yogAsane ane kudaratI upacAranuM keMdra paNa cAle che. e "bhadraAzrama"nA nAmathI paNa oLakhAya che.47 AnaMdamayI mA saMgha - vidyAkara(hAlanA baMgalAdeza)mAM janmelAM nirmaLAsuMdarI devI "AnaMdamayI mA (sane 1896-1982)ne nAmathI prasiddha thayAM. sane 1918 thI 19ra4 nA gALAmAM samasta baMgALamAM teo pUjanIya banyAM.48 sane 1922 mAM emaNe dIkSA grahaNa karI.49 1928 nI AsapAsa emaNe zAhabAga(DhAkA)mAM ramaNAzrama baMdhAvyo.50 1844 mAM vArANasImAM mA AnaMdamayIne Azrama baMdhAyo. 1950 mAM tyAM AnaMdamayI-saMdha sthapAya. tyArabAda vRMdAvana kanakhala naimiSAraNya viMdhyAcala vagere sthaLoe paNa Azrama zarU thayA." gujarAtamAM mA AnaMdamayInI pravRttione AraMbha 1932-35 nA arasAmAM zarU thaye. amadAvAda enuM mukhya keMdra banyuM. 1954 mAM mA AnaMdamayI paM. gopInAtha kavirAja ane bIjA keTalAka saMta ane bhakto sAthe amadAvAda AvyAM hatAM tyAre tyAM upasthita bhaktasamudAyane emanI alaukikatA ane AdhyAtmikatAne anubhava thayo hato. tyArabAda AnaMdamayI mA vakhatovakhata gujarAtamAM AvyAM hatAM ane emane emanA sAMnidhyamAM AvanArAM para UMDe prabhAva paDato. cinmaya-mizana svAmI cinmayAnaMda tarIke oLakhAtA bAlakRSNana menane (janma ernAkulam, kerala, I.sa. 1916) hRSIkezanA svAmI zivAnaMda pAse sane 1943 mAM saMnyAsa dIkSA lIdhI. 1951 daramyAna bhAratamAM judAM judAM zahero ane tIrthonI yAtrA karI maTha maMdiro ane AzramanI mulAkAta lIdhI. moTAM zaheromAM cAra uparAMta upaniSada-jJAnayajJa jyA. muMbaImAM sAMdIpani-Azrama ane zivanuM jagadIzvara maMdira sthApyuM. gujarAtamAM paNa amadAvAda jevAM sthaLAe cinmayamizananI pravRttio cAle che.pa3

Page #414
dhArmika sthiti hiMdu milana maMdira pUrva baMgALanA saMta AcAryaM praNavAna jIe sthApelA A saMdhanI eka zAkhA suratamAM sane 1941 mAM svAmI advaitAnajIe sthApI che. A saMsthA 'hiMdu milana maMdira' nA nAmathI oLakhAya che. 1949 thI hiMdu milana maMdira' nAmanuM gujarAtI mAsika pragaTa thAya che. saMsthA taraphathI hAmiyApethika davAkhAnuM cAle che. enA pracArake rela ane dukALa vakhate rAhatA kare che. amadAvAdamAM paNa enA Azrama sthApyA che,54 2. jaina dharma gujarAtamAM jainAnI vastI 1951 nI vastI-gaNutarI pramANe 3,74,867 hatI, je vadhIne 1961 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe 4,09,754 nI thaI. 1951 thI 1961 nA gALA daramyAna emAM 9.31 TakAnA vadhAre thayeA.55 389 A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna jaina dharmano dharmAM pravRttie jotAM traNu dhaTanA sauthI vadhu dUragAmI asara karanArI gaNI zakAya : eka, zrImad rAjacaMdra(I. sa. 1868 -I. sa. 1901) nI dha pravRttie ane AtmaciMtananI keTalIka asara gujarAta para thaI. emanAM lakhANa anubhavamUlaka ane AdhyAtmika ciMtanapradhAna che. emaNe 'meAkSamALA' 'bhAvana khedha' ane 'Atmasiddhi-zAstra' uparAMta khIjA keTalAka graMthAnI racanA karI. mahAtmA gAMdhInA jIvana para zrImadnA prabhAva paDayo hatA, jene gAMdhIjIe paNa potAnA lakhANamAM nirdeza karyA che. zrImadbhu sarvadharma pratye sadbhAva hatA. te kayAreya keAI vADAmAM mAnatA nahi. te kahetA ke huM kAI gacchamAM nathI, huM AtmAmAM chuM. emanA anuyAyIee vaDavA(khaMbhAta) vavANiyA(mArabI) bhAdaraNa(tA. khArasada) agAsa(tA, peTalAda) IDara ane devalAlImAM emanA Azrama sthApyA, DavAmAM sane 1916 mAM emanA AzramanI ane tyArabAda gurumaMdiranI paNa racanA thaI.pa bAju parivartana I. sa. 1934 mAM kAnajI svAmIe (janma i. sa. 1931) sthApelA pathathI AvyuM. emaNe sthAnakavAsI phrikAno tyAga karI eka svataMtra phrikAnI sthApanA karI ane enuM chevaTanuM rUpAMtara diga Mbara sa MdharUpe thayuM. kuMdakuMdAcAryanA 'samayasAra' ane 'pravacanasAra' para emaNe ekadhArAM cALIsa varSo sudhI pravacana ApyAM. jaina darzananI mULabhUta garimAne emaNe hiMmatapUrvaka nirbhaya rIte ekadhArI vyakta karI. emaNe seAnagaDhamAM Azrama sthApyuM. tyAM sanAtana jaina-brahmacaryAzrama jinAlaya svAdhyAyamaMdira gurukuLa jevI aneka saMsthAe 1

Page #415
390 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sthapAI che. 'samayadharmAM'(sane 1929) ane 'Atmadharma'(sane 1942) jevAM mAsika seAnagaDhamAMthI pragaTa thayAM.57 trIjI mahattvanI ghaTanA e terApaMthanI sthApanA che. AcAya. tulasI (janma I. sa. 1914-rAjasthAnamAM lADanU) nA netRtva heThaLa A paMthe navuM ja rUpa dhAraNa karyuM. emanA saMghanI cIlAcAlu mAnyatAo ane pravruttiemAM emaNe je AmUla parivartana karyuM ane jJAneApAsanAne tema ja puruSArthAMne mahattva ApyuM te mUlyavAna ane anukaraNIya che. emaNe pAta nA pathathI aLagA thavAne badale pathane sAthe laI krAMti karI. gujarAtamAM paNa emanA prabhAva heThaLa terApa`thanI pravRttie vikasI. emaNe dhyAna yega ane lAMbA samayanI ekAMta-sAdhanAthI peAtAnA saMdhane vizeSa pragatizIla banAvyA, aNuvrata-abhiyAnane avAja emaNe janasamudAya sudhI paheAMcADayo.58 AcArya tulasI sane 1953mAM muMbaI cAturmAsa mATe jatA hatA tyAre pahelI vAra keTalAka vakhata amadAvAdamAM rAkAyA hatA. 59 tyAra bAda zAhIbAgamAM terApathI samAjanu mukhya keMdra sthapAyu AcArya tulasIe sAdhvIbAmAM abhyAsa vadhArI emane vaduSI banAvI. emanA nejA heThaLa akhila bhAratIya terApaMtha mahilA maMDaLanuM sabaLa saMgaThana thayuM, emaNe aNuvrata ane prekSAdhyAna para khUba bhAra mUkayo ane prekSAdhyAnazibirA yAjI. aNuvrata emanI dRSTie naitika AcAra-saMhitA che. aNuvrataabhiyAnane prArabha emanA nirdezAnusAra I. sa. 1948-49 mAM thayA. 60 A kAla daramyAna jaina AcAryo ane muniee paNa jaina dharmanI pravRttione Apela vegane lagatI vigatA noMdhapAtra che. ha vijayajInA ziSya vijayavallabhasUri(I. sa. 1870-1955) tyAgamA ane saMyamamAnA upAsaka hatA. vaDedarA zahera e emanI janmabhUmi hatI. pAlItANAmAM jaina zvetAMbara mUrti pUjaka jaina saMdhanA ee dharmAMguru hatA. emaNe pAlItANAmAM (I. sa. 1950-51) tapAgaccha saMdhamAM ekatA ANuvA muni-saMmelana yojyuM. emaNe gujarAtamAM rAdhanapura pAlanapura vaDeAdarA amadAvAda surata khaMbhAta vagere sthaLAe cAturmAsa karyA, dha pravana temaja sevAvratanA saMdeza phelAvyA. A uparAMta mahArASTra rAjasthAna ane uttara pradezamAM paNa jaina saMdhanA rakSaNa ane abhyuya mATe prayatna karyA. emanI preraNAthI gujarAta saurASTra ane rAjasthAnamAM kumAre mATe temaja kanyAo mATe aneka

Page #416
dhArmika sthiti pAThazALAo sthapAI hatI. aneka pustakAlayeA vAcanAlayA ane sAhityaprakAzananI saMsthA sthapAI hatI. emanI preraNAthI sevAmaMdira jevAM ke verAvaLanuM AtmAnaMda jaina auSadhAlaya, surataneA AtmAnaMda jaina vanitA Azrama, pAlItANAnI dharmAMzALA vagere baMdhAyAM, navAM jinamaMdira baMdhAyAM.61 391 AcArya zrI buddhisAgarasUra( I.sa. 1874-1925) jaina dharmAMnA eka mahAna zAstravizArada ane yAganiSTha AcArya hatA. teo kavi tattvajJa vaktA lekhaka vidvAna yogI ane avadhUta hatA. emanI jIvanadRSTi sArAhI ane guNAnurAgI hatI. te peAtAnAM upadeza AcaraNa ane lekhana dvArA vItarAgapathanuM pratipAdana karatA. emaNe lagabhaga 125 jeTalA vivecanAtmaka ke saMpAdita, gadya ane padyAtmaka temaja saMskRta bhASAmAM graMthe lakhyA che. samAjajIvanamAM bALalagna kanyAvikraya vidhavAvivAha maraNettara kriyA vageremAM emanA vicAra sudhArakanA hatA. rASTrajIvanamAM gAMdhIjInA rAjadvArI vicArAnI chApa temanA sAhityamAM jevA maLe che. 6 2 prajJAcakSu paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI(I. sa. 1880-1978) prakhara dArzanika hatA. emaNe yazeAvijaya saMskRta pAThazALAmAM nyAyazAstrane ane vArANasImAM saMskRta vedAMta ane anya saMskRta sAhityane talaspazI abhyAsa karyo. emaNe 'paMcapratikramaNu' yogadarzana' 'AtmAnuzAstikulaka' ane 'yogavi'zikA'nuM sa'pAdana karyuM". amadAvAdanI gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM purAtattva vibhAgamAM darzInazAsranA adhyApaka banyA. siddhasena divAkara-racita 'sanmatita' ane umAsvAtinA 'tattvArtha sUtra' tathA 'nyAyAvatAra', yazovijayakRta 'jaina ta bhASA' ane 'jJAnabiM'du', hemacaMdranI 'pramANumImAMsA' vagere graMthAnuM saMpAdana karyuM. te maulika vicAraka ane tattvaciMtaka hatA. jaina dharmanAM mULatA pratye emanu valaNu hAvA chatAM emanI dRSTi haMmezAM binasAMpradAyika hatI.63 emanA darzIna ane ciMtana' 'jaina dharmanA prANa' 'adhyAtma-vicAraNA' 'tattvArthasUtra' vagere graMtha jaina darzanane yathArtha rIte samajavAmAM bhAre sahAyabhUta thayA che. muni jirnavajayajI I. sa. 1888-1977)nuM gujarAtanA sAMskRtika kSetre vizeSa pradAna che. eka jaina sAdhunA saMsargamAM AvatAM emaNe jaina dIkSA lIdhelI, paraMtu kahevAtA sAdhujIvananA rUDha AcAra-vicArathI emanA jIvane glAni thaI ane sthAnakavAsI mUrtipUjaka Adi sapradAyonI vADAba'dhImAMthI mukta thaI adhyApaka ane sAhitya-sevaka tarIkenuM jIvana gALavA lAgyA. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI preraNAthI prerAI gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM joDAyA purAtattvanA eka sArA abhyAsI

Page #417
38ra AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ane vidvAna lekhaka tarIke prasiddha thayA. jainatatvasAra (saM. 1971-I. sa. 1914-15) ane vijJapti-triveNI' (saM. 197ra-I. sa. 1915-16) e emanA prathama graMtha hatA. prAcIna sAhitya, itihAsa, dharmagraMtho ane purAtattavanuM paddhatisara adhyayana karatA ane vyAkhyAno lekhe ane graMthasaMpAdana dvArA e janatA sudhI pahoMcADatA. e rIte emaNe jaina sAhityanI temaja jaina dharmanI paNa sevA karI. | munizrI nyAyavijayajI(janmaH I. sa. 1888)e jaina dArzanika sAhityamAM pradAna karyuM che. "nyAyAluksamAMjali" "nyAyatIrtha prakaraNa' (I. sa. 1912-13) jaina darzana (I. sa. 1917-18) "AtmabhAvadigdarzana (I. sa. 192829) "mAnavadharma' (I. sa. 1928-29) jevA graMtha racyA che. emaNe samAjanI anAvazyaka rUDhi sAme krAMtikArI vicAra phelAvyA. sane 1926-27 mAM "vIradharmane DhaMDhero' pustaka vaDhavANathI bahAra pADayuM. 1928-28 mAM ayogya dIkSA sAme krAMti jagAvI. rASTravAdanI caLavaLamAM paNa emaNe sAtha Apele paNa | muni puNyavijayajI(I. sa. 1895-1971) prAcya vidyAnA mahAna paMDita ane prAkRtanA UMDA abhyAsI hatA. pATaNamAM rahI emaNe judA judA graMtha-bhaMDArone jJAnamaMdironA rUpamAM pheravI nAkhyA ane jaina AgamanA saMzodhananuM kArya Adhunika Dhabe karyuM" evA ja bIjA AcArya guNasAgarasUrIzvarajI(janma: I. sa. 1913 deDhiyA-kaccha)e paNa jaina dharma ane darzanane prasAra karavAmAM amUlya phALe Ave che. I. sa. 1841-42 mAM merAu(kaccha)mAM emaNe upAdhyAyanI padavI meLavI ane 1960-61 mAM tyAM Arya rakSita jaina tatvajJAna vidyApIThanI sthApanA karI 66 khaMbhAtanA jaina ItihAsamAM vIsamI sadInA AcAryomAM zrImad vijayanemisuri( I. sa. 1872-1949)nuM nAma prasiddha che. emanA upadezathI jinazAsanaprabhAvanAM ghaNAM kAma khaMbhAtamAM thayAM. e rIte zatAvadhAnI munizrI pUnamacaMdrajI (I. sa. 194ra) paNa prasiddha hatA.67 jaMbuvijaya mahArAja darzanazAstranA prakhara abhyAsI che. dvAdazArayacakunI TIkAnI hastapratamAMthI mULa pATha zeAdhI mULa graMthanuM saMzodhana karavAnuM bhagIratha kArya teozrInI nizrAmAM cAle che. A uparAMta eo jaina sAhitya vikAsa maLa-muMbaInA graMthonuM saMpAdana kare che. puNyavijayajInuM adhUruM kArya emane soMpavAmAM AvyuM che. Ama jaina darzanakSetre emanuM pradAna mUlyavAna che jagarAvAM(paMjAba)mAM janmelA kalAsasAgarasUri(i. sa. 1913-1985) nA cAritryane prabhAva gujarAtanA jaina samAjamAM ghaNe che. emaNe kIrtisAgarasUrI

Page #418
dhArmika sthiti zvarajInA ziSya jiteMdrasAgarajI pAse dIkSA lIdhI ane sane 1938 mAM amadAvAdamAM kIrtisAgarasUrIzvara pAse puna: dIkSA grahaNa karI sane 1983 mAM mahuDImAM 'gacchAdhipati' banyA, te zilpazAstranA jJAtA mahAna tIrthApadezaka, niHspRhI sAdhaka ane jinaza!sananA meATA prabhAvaka hatA.68 emaNe dhaNAM madirAnI pratiSThA karAvI. 393 yugadI AcArya vijayavallabhasUrinI preraNAthI ane zrasa MdhanA puruSArtha thI muMbaImAM 1915 mAM mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayanI sthApanA thaI, jyAM jaita dha ane darzananA zikSaNa temaja sa`skAra sAthe ucca zikSaNanI jogavAI karavAmAM AvI. amadAvAdamAM 1946 thI A vidyAlayanI zAkhAonI sthApanAnI zubha zarUAta thaI ane zrIsa Mdhana sakriya sahakArathI amadAvAda uparAMta vaDAdarA(1954) ane vallabhavidyAnagara(1974)nI zAkhAe astitvamAM AvI,69 suratamAM I. sa. 1943 mAM sthApelI zrI desAI pALa jaina peDhIe paNa vividha dhArmika ane sAmAjika pravRttio karI,70 zeTha ANuMdajI kalyA chanI peDhI amadAvAda (sthA. sane 1880) e akhila bhAratIya jaina zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka zrI sa MdhanI pratinidhi saMsthA che, A peDhI jena tIrthAnA vahIvaTa karavA, derAsara samarAvavAM, dharmazALAe baMdhAvavI, pavitra tIrthasthAne jinamadirA tathA jinabikhAnI sAcavaNI karavI vagere aneka pravRttio kare che. A peDhIne pAlItANA rAjya sAthe karela rakheApAnA karAra bAbate 1926 mAM vivAda thayA, pariNAme 1926 nI 7 mI eprilathI yAtrAne sadaMtara bahiSkAra peAkAravAmAM Avela, chevaTe lA IvinanI daramyAnagIrIthI vArSika sATha hajArane pAMtrIsa varSanI muddatanA rakheApA karAra 1928 nI 26 me nA reja thatAM zatru MjayayAtrA pharI zarU thaI. jaina para parAmAM A abhUtapUrva banAva hatA.71 sane 1934 mAM zvetAMbara saMghanu` muni--sa Mmelana amadAvAdamAM maLyuM hatuM, jemAM sAtase| jeTalA sAdhu ekatra thayA hatA ane emaNe paTTaka bahAra pADayo hateA.72 suratamAM I. sa. 1948 mAM AcArya AnaMdasAgarasUrIzvarajI mahArAjanA upadezathI zrI vardhamAna tAmrapatrAgama maMdira badhAyuM. enI dIvAla para tAMbAnAM patarAM para 45 Agama kAtarAvI jaDelA che. bhoMyarAmAM AgamapuruSanI suMdara AkRti che. ka A ka!la daramyAna jaina tIrthAnA aneka nAnAmeTA yAtrAsaMdha paNa nIkaLatA,

Page #419
384 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 3. islAma A kALa daramyAna 1951 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe gujarAtamAM muslimonI saMkhyA 14,51,107nI hatI, je vadhIne 1961 mAM 17 45,103 nI thaI. 1951 thI 1961 daramyAna vastImAM 20.26 TakAne vadhAre tha4 A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna gujarAtanA musalamAna mAM ziyA ane sunnI e be paMthanA anuyAyIonI saMkhyA vizeSa jovA maLe che. ziyA paMthanA vahorAonI sahuthI moTI kama dAudI vahorAonI che. surata uttara-gujarAta ane saurASTramAM emanI vastI jovAmAM Ave che. suratanA dAudI vahorAo dharmapAlanamAM uttara gujarAtanA vaherAo karatAM ochA AgrahI che. dAudI vaherAonA vaDA mullAMjI sAhebanI gAdI 18 mI sadInA aMtamAM suratamAM sthapAI. I. sa. 1909 mAM badaruddIna nAme mullAM gAdI para hatA 1917 mAM sayaphUddIna nAme vaDA mulAMjI gAdI para AvyA. surata uparAMta vADAsinora vaDodarA khaMbhAta dAhoda godharA luNAvADA pATaNa siddhapura visanagara bhAvanagara mAMDavI vagere sthaLoe emanA nAyaba mullAMjIo rahe che. pratyeka kSetramAM vaDA mullAMjI sAhebane nirNaya chevaTane hoya che. mullAnI pharaja bajAvatA juvAnane suratanI madaresA(sthA. i. sa 1809)mAM zarmika zikSaNa ApavAmAM Ave che.75 A samaya daramyAna gujarAtamAM ziyA paMthanA islAmI saMpradAyanA bejA amadAvAda vaDodarA surata kaccha ane saurASTramAM mukhyatve bhAvanagara gherAi jAmanagara upaleTA vagere sthaLoe vasatA.6 kheDajAonuM mukhapatra "dhI IsmAIlI' ane mAsika "AyanA" nIkaLe che. nAmadAra AgAkhAna islAmanA pegaMbaranI sIdhI olAdamAM hovAno dAvo kare che.99 khajAomAM eka peTA varga sunI jAone che. sunnI vahorAone varga ziyA vahorAo karatAM moTo che. 1931 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe ekalA bharUca jillAmAM emanI vastI 42,4ra7nI hatI. 1961 mAM e vadhIne 70,700 nI thaI. olapADa ji. surata) mAMDavI kheDA mahemadAvAda umareTha ANaMda sojitrA vase peTalAda paMcamahAla ane amadAvAda jillAmAM maLI emanI vastI 1931 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe 70,729 nI hatI, je 1961 mAM vadhIne 1,17,884nI thaI. saurASTra ane kacchanI maLI kula vastI lagabhaga be lAkhanI che 78 tArApuranA eka sunnI vaherA gulAma nabI carotaramAM sunnI vaherAonA

Page #420
dhArmika sthiti 385 pahelA maulavI hatA. emaNe sane 1924-25 mAM ANaMdamAM eka madaresA bolI, sAthe yatImakhAnuM (chAtrAlaya) ane masjida paNa bAMdhyAM,79 19ra5 mAM ANaMdamAM aMjumana-e-IslAmanI pahelI kenpharansa bharAI. karIma mahada mAstare 9ra 6 mAM vaherAonI eka navI aMjumana "sunnI vaherA aMjumana"nA nAmathI zarU karI, 1928 sudhI calAvI. 1925 26 mAM "vahorA udaya' nAme mAsika peTalAdanA eka sulemAne zarU karyuM. 1933 mAM "caretare sunnI vahorA yaMga mensa eNsosiyezana zarU thayuM." sane 1914 mAM amadAvAdamAM sunnI muslima vakapha kamiTInI sthApanA thaI. A kamiTI amadAvAdanI lagabhaga 27 jeTalI masjide ane rAjAo tathA sulatAna ehamada yatImakhAnA ane jhananA yatImakhAna beMDiMga hAusane vahIvaTa kare che. Ida jevA dhArmika tahevAranA divasoe muslima kadIonI baMdagI mATe maulavIne mokalavAnI, nirAdhAranI kaphana-daphana kriyA karavAnI, dhArmika pustaka ApavAnI ane bAdazAhanA hajIrAmAMnA laMgarakhAnA(sadAvara)nI vyavasthA karavAnI pravRttio kare che. A kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM momanAonI saMkhyA paNa ThIka ThIka che. ismAilI saiyadanA khAnadAnamAM pIroe I. sa. 1948 mAM hiMduonI ghaNI jAtiomAMthI momanAone islAmamAM lAvI ziyA paMthamAM dAkhala karyA, momanAo emane mukhya pIrajAdAonA nAma parathI mazAyakhazAhI khUrazAhI ane mahamUdazAhI kahevAya che. keTalAka memanA sunnI dharma paNa pALe che. kacchanA momanA ziyA che. paraMtu emanI raheNIkaraNI hiMduo jevI che. teo masjidane badale khAnA" jamAtakhAnA)mAM mAne che. 4. pArasI dharma 1951 nI vastI gaNatarI pramANe gujarAtamAM pArasIonI vastI 20,346 nI hatI, jyAre 1961 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe 17,714 nI thaI. Ama 1951 thI 1961 daramyAna emanI vastImAM ghaTADo thayo.85 A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna nAmAMkita pArasI sagRhasthane dAnathI gujarAtamAM jadAM judAM sthaLoe agiyArIonI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. amadAvAdamAM baMdhAyelI be agiyArIo paikInI eka I. sa. 1884mAM Ataza dAdagAhanA svarUpamAM baMdhAI hatI. emAM sara navarojI pestanajI. vakIlanI dIkarIoe rU. 12,000 nA kharce sudhArAvadhArA karI AdirAna sAheba paraThAvI e Ataza agiyArIne Ataza AdariyAnanuM svarUpa ApyuM.83 bIjI Ataza AdariyAna

Page #421
396 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI praznAranI agiyArI kAMkariyA vistAramAM I. sa. 1925 mAM baMdhAI hatI.84 navasArI ane surata jevAM zaherAmAM Ataza baherAma prakAranI agiyArI jovA maLe che. khabhAtamAM paNa pArasIonAM keTalAMka kuTuba vase che. khaMbhAtanI pArasI agiyArI I. sa. 1884 mAM baMdhAI hatI.85 A samaye keTalAMka dukhamAM baMdhAyAM. amadAvAdamAM pArasIenuM sahu prathama dakhamu sane 1843 mAM khulluM mUkavAmAM AvyuM. 1850 mAM bIjuM dakhamuM badhAyu`.86 tyAra bAda navuM dakhamuM 1921 mAM khulluM mUkavAmAM AvyuM.87 khaMbhAtamAM traNa dakhamAM hAvAnu jaNAya che, jemAMnAM benI vigata upalabdha nathI, trIjuM dakhamu i. sa. 1833 mAM zeTha pezatanajI kharasedajI meAdIe badhAvelu'.88 5. zokha dhama 1951 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe gujarAtamAM zAkhAnI vastI 7,027 nI hatI, je vadhIne 1961nI vastIgaNatarI 9,646 nI thaI.89 guru nAnakanA samayathI gujarAtamAM zIkhava prasAra pAmelA. 'janmasAkhI'enI zIkhaparaMparA anusAra guru nAnaka gujarAtanA pravAse AvelA ane narmadA-kinAre bharUca khAte emaNe vizrAma karyA hatA. emanI yAdamAM tyAM udAsI saMpradAye prAcIna gurudvArA ane dharmazAkhA sthApela che. bAbA phatehasiMha dvArA uparyuMkta gurudvArAnA vistaraNanuM kAma hAtha dharAyuM hatuM. A uparAMta vaDAdarAmAM kha'DerAva mArkeTa pAse gurunAnakavADI gurudvArA tema aMjAra jUnAgaDha dvArakA pAlItANA vagere sthaLAe emanAM aitihAsika gurudvArA che.90 amadAvAdamAM dUdhezvara roDa upara AvelA guradvArA--gurusIdha sabhAnI sthApanA sane 1941 mAM thaI hatI. maNinagara khAte 1950 nA arasAmAM gurudvArAgurunAnaka darabAranI sthApanA thayelI che.9 1 6. bauddha dha DaoN. AMbeDakaranI dvidharma parivartananI caLavaLamA bauddha dharmano svIkAra karyA tevA lekeAnI saMkhyA 1951 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANu 198nI hatI, je vadhIne 1961 nI vastIgaNatarI pramANe 3,185 nI thaI,92 a gujarAtamAM A kAlanA aMtima caraNu daramyAna DaoN. bAbAsAheba AMbeDakaraprerita sAmUhika dharma parivartananI caLavaLamAM keTalAka dalita varganA lokoe hiMdu

Page #422
dhArmika sthiti 07 dharmane tyAga karI bauddha dharma apanAvyo. bhadanta mahAvira saMgharakSita nAmanA aMgreja bauddha bhikhu 1844 bhArata AvyA. emaNe 20 varSa sudhI baMgALanA kAlIgamAM dharmanA abhyAsa sAdhanA ane dharma pracAra karyA. bAbAsAheba dharma pravRttine vega ApavA mahArASTra gujarAta ane dezanA anya bhAgomAM pharyA. 1958 mAM amadAvAdamAM sau-prathama emanA hAthe bakula vakIla, amRtalAla gautama, mohanalAla solaMkI vageree dIkSA lIdhI. e samaye thAIlaeNnDanA bhiSma vivekAnaMda ane aMgreja bhikhu khAMtipAle hAjara hatA.98 e arasAmAM bhAratamAM pravartamAna trilekaya bauddha mahAsaMgha nAmanA bauddha saMghanI zAkhArU5 gujarAta buddhisTa sosAyaTInI sthApanA thaI. enA saMsthApaka pramukha zrI vasaMta gaNeza bhaLe hatA.94 7. yahUdI dharma 1961 nI vastI gaNatarI pramANe gujarAtamAM yahUdIonI vastI 515 nI hatI. 5 gujarAta sAthe yuhUdIone saMbaMdha cheka mughalakAlamAM zarU thaye jaNAya che. e samayanA keTalAka AraMbhika yuhUdI vepArIonI kabare adyaparyata surakSita che. mahArASTramAM vaselAM yahUdIonI bene - ijharAyela kemanA mANaso gujarAtamAM lagabhaga 19 mI sadImAM AvelA. teonI vastI amadAvAda vaDodarA surata DIsA rAjakoTa vaDhavANa bhUja vagere sthaLoe sthapAI. vaDodarAmAM zaheranI bahAranA kaeNnTanamenTa vistAramAM bene-ijharAyela kemanuM kabarastAna AveluM che, jene vahIvaTa sane 1931 sudhI tyAMnA briTiza resiDenTa karatA. amadAvAda surata DisA rAjakoTa vaDhavANa bhUja jevAM sthaLoe emanAM kabarastAna che. amadAvAdamAM AvelA yahUdIonA mArgona abrAhAma" sinagaeNganuM uddaghATana 1934 mAM thayuM. enA tribhASI takatI-lekhamAM jaNa0 anusAra sane 1933 mAM De. zrImatI AbiMgAyela bAI benjAmIna Ayajheka bhenakaranA haste cinagaeNganI kezilAnI sthApanA thaI. 1934mAM muMbaI ilAkAnA gavarnara laoNrDa brebena amadAvAda AvyA tyAre emaNe A prArthanAlayanI mulAkAta lIdhI. A prArthanAmaMdirane je vyaktinuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che te Do. abrAma salemanA erUlakara(I. sa. 1822 1887) amadAvAdamAM vaselA yahUdIomAM agrima sthAna dharAvatA. teoe yahUdI samAjamAM sakriya sevA bajAvelI ane amadAvAdamAM potAnA makAnamAM paheluM prArthanAlaya zarU kareluM ane prArthanAlayanuM alaga makAna bAMdhavAnI surAda sevelI. De. abrAhama erUlakara, De. josepha bAmalakara, semyuala

Page #423
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI hAIma AgaravAkara, elAyana philekara ane DA. sek salemana dAMDekara jevA utsAhI agraNI yahUdIoe yardIonA utthAna ane emanI dhArmika temaja sAmAjika pravRttimAM sakriya rasa lIdhe 96 398 amadAvAdamAM dUdhezvara roDa para eNDavAnsa milanI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM yakUdIonuM barastAna AveluM che. emAM hAla lagabhaga 400 jeTalI kabara che. keTalIka kabarA ArasanA paththaramAMthI banAvela che. jyAre moTA bhAganI sAdA paththaranI che. A barAnA AkAra judA judA che. enA para prAyaH vyaktinA janmanu varSoM ke pUrI janmatArIkha mRtyuni. uMmara ane he'ddo hibrU a'grejI ane marAThI bhASAmAM jaNAvAyAM che. kabara para sauthA UMce manArA athavA sAyana(Son)nuM dhArmi ka pratIka keAtareluM hAya che, kabarA paranuM vahelAmAM vaheluM varSa I. sa. 1887nuM maLe che. zrImatI AbigAyela khaI bheAnakaranI kabara para I. sa. 1945 nuM varSa maLe che.96 gujarAtamAM 1948 mAM yahUdIenI saMkhyA 800 jeTalI hatI. kramazaH ghaNA yahUdIe navAdita ijharAyela dezamAM jaI vasatAM e saMkhyA ghaNI ghaTI gaI che.98 8. mahAI dhama IrAnamAM I.sa. 1864 mAM bAba'nA nAmathI e khAtA mIrajhA alI muhammade eka navA dharmAM pracalita karyo, je I.sa. 1863 na arasAmAM emanA anuga mI bahAullAhanA nAma parathI bahAI dharma' tarIke pracalita thayA. bahAullAhe sthApelA A navA dharma te phelAvavAnuM kArya enA putra abdula bahAe karyuM.99 gujarAtamAM A dharmAMtA prasAra A kAla daramyAna thaye| ha|vAnuM jaNAya che. 1914 mAM nArAyaNarAva raMganAtha zeThajI vakIla A dharma pratye AkarSAyA ane suratamAM sau-prathama bahuAI dharmanA saMdeza phelAvyA. emanA avasAna bAda emanA kuTuMbanA sabhyoe bahuAI dharmanA prasAranu` kA` AgaLa dhapAvyuM. suratamAM AdhyAtmika sabhAnI sthApanA karI, bahAI dharma mAM dareka jAtanA leAka kuTuMba samAna gaNAya che. A dharmanA leAka jagatanuM eka ja dharma ane eka IzvaramAM mAne che. bahAullAhane teo peAtAnA Izvara mAne che emanA kAryamAM pUnAnA bahumana khehI ane emanA kuTuMbe tema ja mu`baInA zrI ke. je. hakImiyAne ane zrI jhAyare sahAya karI. vaDAdarAmAM sane 1944 mAM bahuAie nI AdhyAtmika sabhAnI sthApanA

Page #424
dhArmika sthiti 399 thai. amadAvAdamAM 1940-41 nA arasAmAM zrImatI zirIna pheAjhadAre dhama prasAra ane pachAta vargamAM samAjasevAnuM kAma karyuM. sane 1953-54 mAM dIva-damaNamAM bahuAInA agresare gayA ane dharma prasAranI pravRtti karI. bharUcamAM IrAnI bahAI zrI IjhakriyA dharmAMsa deza phelAvyA. amadAvAdamAM paNa bahAI dharmAMnuM eka keMdra (bahAi senTara) thayuM, je zAhapura vistAramAM AveluM che. 100 9. khristI dhama yuropanA dezamAMthI bhAratamAM khristI dharmanA prasAra mATe AvatA khristI mizanarIonAM saMdarbhamAM eka mahattvanI ghaTanA banI. 1914 mAM prathama vizvayuddha zarU thatAM jaInImAMthI bhArata AvatA khristI mizanarIe para pratibaMdha mUkavAmAM AvyuM, kAraNa ke A vizvayuddhamAM briTana ane janI sAmasAme pakSe hatAM. A pachI 1921 mAM spenamAMthI khristI mizanarIe bhArata AvavA lAgya. A hakIkta gujarAtane paNa lAgu paDI hatI. 106 1934 nI sAla gujarAtanA rAmana kaeNtheAlika sa`pradAyanA itihAsamAM yAdagAra banI raheze. A sAlamAM muMbaInA dharmaprAMta(Bombay Mission)mAMthI alaga paDIne amadAvAdanA navA dharma prAMta astitvamAM AvyA. 02 mahIkAMThAnI nIcenA pradeza muMbaInA dharma prAMta sAthe joDAyelo rahyo. Ama atyAra sudhI gujarAtanA samAveza muMbaInA dha prAMtamAM thatA hatA ene badale gujarAtanA keTalAka bhAgane svata Mtra dharmaprAMta tarIkenA darajjo prApta thayA. phAdhara vilAlAngAnI A navA dha prAMtanA regyulara supIriyara(Regular Superior) tarIke nimaNUka thaI. ee A dharmaprAMtanA pitA gaNAya che. 1949mAM amadAvAdanA prathama bizapa tarIke eDavina pinTa! esa. je. nI nimaNUka thaI. gujarAtane prathama ja bizapa maLyA. 31 me. 1948 nA rAja emaNe A javAbadArI svIkArI, amadAvAdanA dha prAMtamAM ANaMda vaDatAla karamasada niDayAda AmeAda khecAsaNa khaMbhALaja mahemadAvAda kaThalAla umareTha AMkalAva ThAsarA peTalAda khabhAta amadAvAda vagere keMdra hatAM. prastuta kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM remana kaeNtheAlika sAdhu-sAdhvIe'nI judI judI maMDaLIo kAma karatI hatI. jaina dharmImAM jema sAdhuenA judA judA gaccha hAya che tema ahIM paNa sAdhu-sAdhvIenI judI judI maMDaLIe hAya che. meTA bhAganI A maMDaLIonA udbhava videzanI bhUmi para thayA hatA. eka nedhapAtra bAbata e che ke A samaya daramyAna gujarAtanI bhUmi para khristI sAdhvIonI

Page #425
400 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI dha liTala DeTarsa epha senTa phrAnsisa jheviyara" (senTa phrAnsisa jheviyaranI nAnI dIkarIo) nAmanI eka navI ja maMDaLI 1935 mAM ANaMda khAte jespaSTa maMDaLInA sAdhuonA prayatnathI astitvamAM AvI. 10 : A maMDaLImAM joDAnAra prathama gujarAtI sAdhvI sisTara mAriyA jhAviyara hatA. eo 1-5-1935 nA roja maMDaLImAM joDAyA ane 31-7-1936 nA roja emane dIkSA ApavAmAM AvI.104 tyAra bAda A maMDaLI uttarottara pragati karatI rahI che. gujarAtanI aneka strIoe A maMDaLImAM rahIne dIkSA grahaNa karI che. gujarAtanA prathama kaeNthalika sAdhu thavAne vaza bAsIla paramArane jAya che. eo 1838 mAM jesyuITa maMDaLImAM tAlIma mATe joDAyA hatA ane 1951 mAM emane dakSA ApavAmAM AvI hatI.115 jesyuITa maMDaLInA sAdhuoe 1948thI hiMduomAM, khAsa karIne kSatriyomAM, dharma pracAra karavAnuM nakakI karyuM. e pachI AdivAsIomAM emaNe dharmapracAranI pravRtti zarU karI hatI. oNTesTanTa saMpradAye paNa A samaya daramyAna potAnI dharmapracAranI pravRtti cAlu rAkhI hatI. jalAlapuramAM 1919mAM be keLIeAe khristI dharma aMgIkAra karyo. 1924 mAM reva. bI. ema. mAue musalamAnamAM khristI dharmanA pracAranuM kAma karavAno prayatna karyo. musalamAnamAMthI khristI thayelA jona abbAsanI thaDe vakhata madada levAmAM AvI, paraMtu kAyamI kAmadAranA abhAve saMtoSakAraka pariNAma AvyuM nahi.106 A kAlanuM ullekhanIya dharma parivartana rAjakoTanA jaina maNilAla pArekhanA dharma parivartanane gaNAvI zakAya. 1918mAM emaNe eplikana carcamAM khristI dharma aMgIkAra karyo hato.17 19ra8 sudhImAM paMcamahAlamAM judI judI cha ma DaLI hatI, jevI ke dAhoda jhAleda saMtarAmapura garabADA luNAvADA. ane moravA A che maMDaLIonA khristIonI kula saMkhyA 1215 hatI. 1913 thI 1940 sudhInA je suvArtika ane pALaka thayA temaNe amadAvAdanI sTIvansana memoriyala DiviniTI kolejamAM zikSaNa lIdhuM hatuM. 184ra mAM vaDodarAmAM paNa gujarAta saMyukta IzvaravidyA pAThazALA (The United Theological College) zarU ka vAmAM AvI. AI. pI. mizana, methoDisTa mizana ane bradharsa mizana e traNe mizananI IzvaravidhA kelejoe A saMyukta kolejomAM sahAya karI hatI. 1955 mAM gujarAta carca kAunsile aMjAranuM kedra baMdha karI gAMdhIdhAmamAM navuM keMdra zarU karyuM. 1959 mAM reva. Ara. jI. bhaNatane acaMDikananI padavI ApavAmAM AvI. A prakAranI padavI meLavanAra teo prathama gujarAtI hatA.

Page #426
dhArmika sthiti 401 Ama 1914 thI 1960 sudhInA kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM khristI dharmanI be zAkhAo-romana kethalika ane proTesTanTane keTalAka pracAra thaye hate. 1961 nI vastI gaNatarInA hevAla mujaba gujarAtamAM khristIonI kula vastI 41,692 hatI. 10 navI vicArasaraNuo ane teone prabhAva ogaNIsamI sadImAM pAzcAtya zikSaNa ane sabhyatAnA prabhAvathI gujarAtamAM je navajAgRti AvI hatI tenA pariNAme sAmAjika ane dhArmika kSetre je navI vicArasaraNIone uddabhava thaye hatA tenI asara vIsamI sadImAM cAlu rahI hatI. A navI vicArasaraNuonA kAraNe dharma kSetre je krAMtikArI parivartana AvyuM tenI gujarAtanA sAMskRtika jIvana para dhapAtra asara thaI che. neMdhapAtra bAbata e che ke A samayagALAmAM zikSaNa ane dharma samAjasudhAraNAnuM vAhana bane che. pAzcAtya zikSaNa ane sabhyatAnA paricayane kAraNe ApaNAmAM dharma vizene. abhigama badalAI gaye, dharma vizenA rUDha ane saMkucita khyAle dUra thayA ane e aMge vicAraNA karavA mATe ApaNAmAM atihAsika dRSTine vikAsa thayo. A samayagALAmAM thaI gayelA kavio zikSako ane samAjasudhArakee sudhArAne sUra dhIme dhIme saMbhaLAvIne dhArmika vahema aMdhazraddhA mUrtipUjA temaja karmakAMDamAM DUbelI gujarAtanI prajAmAM navuM zaitanya pragaTAvyuM. A uparAMta yuropIya mizanarIonI temaja sarakArI nizALA, ucca zikSaNa ApatI keleje ane yunivarsiTIo. chApakhAnAM ane vartamAnapatro tema sAmayika, vyavasAyI ane avetana raMgabhUmi, dharma, zikSaNa ane sAhityanA vikAsa mATe sthApavAmAM AvelI saMsthAo ItyAdine kAraNe gujarAtamAM A samayagALAmAM sAMskRtika utthAnanA zrIgaNeza maMDAyA, gujarAtanA samaju ane zikSaNa vargamAM paraMparAgata dharma-saMpradAyanA mUlyAMkanamAM etihAsika ane vaijJAnika abhigama Avyo. pariNAme dhArmika AcAra-vicAramAM parivartana AvyuM. buddhivAdanI sarANa upara dharma-saMpradAyanI kasoTI thavA lAgI. AcArya AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruva ane dIba. narmadAzaMkara devazaMphara mahetAe dharmanuM vizleSaNa buddhinI bhUmikAe karyuM. A samayagALAmAM 1915 mAM AphrikAthI gAMdhIjInuM bhAratamAM Agamana e bhAratanA ane gujarAtanA itihAsanI eka mahattvanI ghaTanA che. vIsamI sadInA bhArata ke gujarAta para ja nahiM, paraMtu samagra jagata para gAMdhI-vicArasaraNIne prabhAva paDyo. "aspRzyatAnivAraNa" ane "harijana-uddhAranA kAryo dvArA 26

Page #427
402 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gAMdhIjIe hiMdudharmanA rUDha AcAramAM krAMtikArI pheraphAra karyA ane prajAmAM sarvadharma samabhAvanI bhAvanA jAgRta karI. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA prabhAva heThaLa zrI kizoralAla mazarUvALA, zrI kAkAsAheba kAlelakara, kedAranAtha, svAmI AnaMda ane paMDita sukhalAlajI jevA vidvAnoe dharmanuM ciMtana sAmAjika, rASTriya ane vaizvika bhUmikAe karyuM. gaI sadInA uttarArdhamAM sthApavAmAM Avela prArthanAsamAja, AryasamAja, thiyosephikala sesAyaTI, rAmakRSNa mizana ItyAdi navI vicArasaraNIone prabhAva 20 mI sadInA prathama cAra dAyakA sudhI rahyo hate. prArthanAsamAja gujarAtamAM bhoLAnAtha sArAbhAI ane mahIpatarAma nIlakaMThanA prayatnathI 17 mI Disembara, 1871 nA roja amadAvAdamAM prArthanAsamAjanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI. zarUAtamAM enI vicArasaraNIthI AkarSAIne zikSake, sarakArI adhikArIo, samAjasudhArake ane keTalAka agraNI nAgarike ane sabhya thayA hatA. A saMsthA taraphathI dhArmika vicAra ane AcAranA pracAra mATe "jJAnasudhA' nAmanuM pAkSika prasiddha karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, jene satya jatAM mAsikamAM pheravI levAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A mAsika sane 1919 sudhI satata pragaTa thatuM rahyuM hatuM. e samaye A mAsikanI gaNatarI gujarAtanAM praziSTa mAsikamAM thatI hatI. prArthanA samAjanA mukhya siddhAMta nIce pramANe hatA ? (1) Izvara eka ja che. e sRSTine utpanna karanAra, sthitimAM rAkhanAra tathA saMhAra karanAra che. sRSTinA padArthothI e bhinna che. enA vinA bIje koI paNa deva nathI. e sarvajJa sarvavyApI sarvazaktimAna nyAyakArI karuNAmaya parama pavitra che. e ja Izvara pUjya che. (2) IzvaranI bhakti e ja dharma che. (3) bhakti eTale saprema zraddhA upAsanA stuti prArthanA ane sadAcAra. (4) bhakti vaDe Izvara prasanna thAya che ane AtmAnuM ahika-AmuSmika kalyANa thAya che. hAlamAM A saMsthA taraphathI bAlamaMdira dharmAdA-davAkhAnuM ityAdi sevAnI pravRttio karavAmAM Ave che. prArthanAsamAjanA siddhAMtanI gujarAtanA bahujana samAja upara asara paDI nathI e hakIkta neMdhavI ghaTe. 110

Page #428
dhArmika sthiti Arya samAja vIsamI sadImAM gujarAtanI prajAmAM zikSaNa dvArA sAmAjika ane dhArmika kSetre parivartana lAvavAmAM A samAjanI vicArasaraNIe noMdhapAtra pradAna ka" che. A samAjanI sthApanA muMbaImAM sane 1875 mAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. 'A" zabdanA artha thAya che vedamAM varNavela RtanA niyamane anusaranAra sadguNI ane vivekazIla vyakti', 'samAja' eTale sa`gaThita vyaktionA samUha. svAmI yAnaMda sarasvatIe Arya samAjanI sthApanA dvArA prAcIna vedadharmanI pratiSThA karI ane zikSaNamAM gurukula-prathAne mahattva ApyuM. gujarAtabharamAM A samAjanI zikSaNasaMsthAe vidyA ane saMskAranu kAma karI rahI che, jemAM surata vaDAdarA perabaMdara jAmanagara ane seAnagaDhanAM gurukula ullekhapAtra che. AryasamAjanA dasa siddhAMta nIce mujaba che : (1) sava" satyavidyA ane pA vidyAthI je jANavAmAM Ave che te sa Adi mULa paramezvara che. 403 (2) Izvara saccidAna'da-svarUpa nivikAra, sarvazaktimAna nyAyakArI dayALu ajanmA anaMta anAdi anupama sarvAMdhAra sarvezvara savyApaka sarvAMtaryAmI ajara amara abhaya nitya pavitra ane sRSTikartA che; enI ja upAsanA karavI ceAgya che. (3) vaida sarvAM satyavidyAonuM pustaka che, venu bhaNavuM bhaNAvavuM sAMbhaLavuM ane saMbhaLAvavuM e badhA AryAnA dha che. (4) satya grahaNa karavAmAM ane asatyane tyAga karavAmAM sadA taiyAra rahevuM joie. (5) saM kAryo dharmAnusAra arthAt satya ane asatyane vicAra karIne karavAM joIe. (6) jagata upara upakAra karavA arthAt zArIrika Atmika ane sAmAjika unnati karavI e samAjane mukhya uddeza che. (7) sarvAMnI sAthe prItipUrvaka dharmAnusAra yathAyeAgya vana karavu (8) avidyAnA nAza ane vidyAnI vRddhi karavI joIe, (9) dareka Aye peAtAnI unnatithI sa MtuSTa na rahevu joie. (10) badhA manuSyAe sAmAjika sahitakArI niyama pALavAmAM parata tra ane svahitakArI niyama pALavAmAM svataMtra rahevuM joIe.

Page #429
404 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI Arya samAjanA kAryakaroe samAjanA dabAyelA ane kacaDAyelA vargo mATe je sevAkArya karyuM che tene ullekha kare ghaTe. A samAjanI vaTalAyelA hiMduonA zuddhIkaraNanI prakriyA paNa noMdhapAtra che. Arya samAjanI vicArasaraNue gujarAtI prajAnA sAmAjika Adarza ghaDavAmAM agatyane bhAga bhajavyo che. thiyephila sAyaTI vIsamA saikAnA gujarAtI samAja para prArthanAsamAja ane Arya samAjanI vicArasaraNIonI jema thiye saiphanI vicArasaraNIne prabhAva buddhijIvI varga para jovA maLe che. viduSI eNni besanTa thiyosophIne artha daivI zANapaNa kare che. gujarAtamAM A saMsthAnI sthApanA sau-prathama sane 1882 mAM bhAvanagaramAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. gujarAtanAM nAnAM moTA nagaromAM A saMsthAnI lagabhaga 50 jeTalI zAkhAo che. thisaiphInI vicArasaraNInA mukhya siddhAMta nIce pramANe che : (1) prajA dharma pati jJAti ke raMgane bheda-bhAva rAkhyA vinA mAnavajAtinA vizvabaMdhutvanuM eka kendra sthApavuM. 2) vividha dharmo tathA tattvajJAnanA tulanAtmaka dRSTie thatA abhyAsane urojana prApavuM. (3) kudaratanA vaNazodhAyelA niyama ane manuSyamAM rahelI gupta zaktionuM saMzodhana karavuM. thiyosophInI vicArasaraNIne prabhAva gujarAtanA bauddhika upara vizeSa paDo, kAraNa ke emAM hiMdudharmanAM pAyAnAM tatva-karma ane punarjanma tema dharma ane yegane Adhunika saMdarbhamAM samajavA prayatna karyo che. rAmakRSNa mizana rAmakRSNa-mizananI sthApanA sane 1897 mAM 1 lI menA divase kalakattAmAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. A mizanane mukhya hetu mAnavajAtanI sevA karavAne hate. zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMse je dharma samajAvyo hato tene jIvanamAM utArI prajAnI bhautika ane AdhyAtmika pragati karavAne uddeza paNa enI sthApanAnA pAyAmAM paDela hatA. manuSyajIvananuM dhyeya IzvaranI prApti che. badhA dharma sAcA che; dareka vyaktie potAnI jAte IzvaranuM sAMnidhya prApta karavAnuM che. dareka strI puruSamAM daivI Aza rahe che, bhaktimArga e zreSThamArga che H ityAdi rAmakRSNanA upadezane vyavahAramAM mUkavA mATe A saMsthAnI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI.

Page #430
dhArmika sthiti amadAvAdamAM zrI rAmakRSNa sevA samitinI sthApanA sane 1923 mAM karavAmAM AvI rAjakATamAM rAmakRSNa-mizananI sthApanA sane 1927mAM karavAmAM AvI. A saMsthA dvArA svAmI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa tathA svAmI vivekAnaMdanAM jIvana ane kAne lagatAM upayeAgI prakAzana prasiddha karavAmAM Ave che. A uparAta yuvAvarga ane vidyArthI-va Mte emanA upadezane khyAla Ave e hetuthI dara varSe nibaMdhaspardhA ane vakatRtva-spardhA yojavAmAM Ave che. A samiti dvArA zikSaNa, prakAzana, vaijkIya sAravAra, vRddhonI sevA ityAdi pravRttio karavAmAM Ave che. svAmI zrIrAmakRSNa paramahaMsane dInahInanI sevA karavAnA je sa Mdeza hatA tene anurUpa samAjasevAnI pravRttie paNa karavAmAM Ave che. svAmI vivekAnaMdanA vicArasaraNIne je prabhAva vIsamI sadInA prathama traNa dAyakAmAM gujarAtanA buddhijIvIo para hatA te pachInA dAyakAemAM ghaTatA gayA che. 405 gAMdhI-vicArasaraNI bhAratanA Adhunika samAjamAM egaNIsamI ane vIsamI sadImAM utpanna thayelI tamAma vicArasaraNIomAM gAMdhI vicArasaraNItA prabhAva bahujanasamAja upara vizeSa paDayo che. gautama buddha pachI karADA dezavAsIo upara satya ane ahiMsAnA prabhAva pADanAra rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI sa prakAre nokhI mATInA tAkhA mAnavI tarIke itihAsamAM UpasI Ave che. gAMdhIjInI vicArasaraNImAM hiMdu dharma ane hiMdu sa MskRti ke drasthAne che. bhAratanA prAcIna sAMskRtika vArasAne jamAnAnI jarUriyAta pramANe punaruddhAra karavAnuM je kAryaM maharSi dayAnaMda sararavatIe zarU karyuM hatuM ane svAmI vivekAna Mde AgaLa dhapAvyu` hatu` tenA ta Mtu pakaDIne gAMdhIjIe peAtAnI sevApravRtti vikasAvI hatI. samAja ke rASTrdhvajIvananu kAI paNa aMga evuM nathI ke jenA samAveza emanI vicArasaraNImAM thatA na heAya, emanI vicArasaraNI taraMgI svapnasevI ke AdarzavAdI na hatI, paraMtu vyavahAru hatI. teo pAte icchatA na hatA ke emanI vicArasaraNIne kAI 'vAda'nuM lebala lagADAya. harijanabaMdhu'mAM A aMge peAtAneA pratibhAva ApatAM emaNe jaNAveluM : 'gAMdhIvAda jevI kAI vastu che ja nahIM, ane mAre mArI pAchaLa koI sa'pradAya mUkI javA nathI. meM kAI navuM tattva ke navA siddhAnta zodhI kADhavo che evA mArA dAve| nathI. meM tA mAtra je zAzvata satyeA che tene ApaNA nitya jIvana ane praznane lAgu pADavAnA mArI Dhabe prayAsa karyA che...... satya ane ahiMsA anASkiALathI cAlyAM Ave che. meM mAtra mArAthI banyA

Page #431
406 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI eTalA pramANamAM e bannenA prayAge! karyA che.111 gAMdhIjIe satya ane ahiMsAne keMdramAM rAkhI jIvanabhara prayAga karyA che. emane mana satya e ja Izvara che. eka prAnA-pravacanamAM emaNe 'satya'nI samaja ApatAM kaheluM, 'satya' zabda 'sat'mAMthI che. sat eTale heAvuM, satya te heAvApaNuM. satya sivAya bIjI kAI vastune hastI ja nathI, paramezvaranuM kharuM nAma ja 'sat' eTale 'satya' che. tethI paramezvara satya che ema kahevA karatAM satya' e ja paramezvara che ema kahevu vadhAre yogya che."112 AphrikAthI AvyA bAda gAMdhIe gujarAtane - amadAvAdane peAtAnI ka bhUmi banAvI tethI emanA vicArAne prabhAva gujarAtanI prajA para DeAya e svAbhAvika che. emaNe sau-prathama kocarabamAM 'satyAgraha-Azrama'nI sthApanA karI ane pAchaLathI e Azrama sAbaramatInA kinAre sAbaramatImAM sthApavAmAM AvyA, je AgaLa jatAM 'harijana-Azrama' tarIke oLakhAyA te Aje gAMdhI-Azrama' tarIke eLakhAya che. gAMdhIjInI preraNa thI gujarAtamAM je racanAtmaka pravRttie zarU karavAmAM AvI tenA kAraNe gujarAtamAM rAjakIya Arthika audyogika ane dhArmika kSetre krAMtikArI parivartana AvyuM che. dezamAM vyApelA AbhaDacheTanA vyavahArane joIne emaNe tIvra vedanA anubhavI ane enuM kalaMka dUra karavA mATe jIvanabhara jhUjhayA. samAjamAM je aspRzye gaNAtA hatA temanA mATe 'hirajana' zabda prayojIne emanA pratiSThA ane gauravamAM vadhArA karyA. harijana sevaka saMdha' tathA 'grAmeAdyoga saMdha'nI sthApanA karI harijanane ane gAmaDAMnA udyoge te beThA karavA prayatna karyA. dharmAMnA kSetramAM temaja samAja satyAgraha svarAja vANijaya udyoga gopAlana khAdI svacchatA ane ArAgya-keLavaNI, sAhitya ane kaLA ityAdi kSetrAmAM gAMdhIjIe je ci Mtana karyuM che tevuM dahana kizAralAla mazarUvALAe gAMdhI-vicAradehana'mAM saMkalita karyuM che. dharmAMnI bAbatamAM gAMdhIjInuM valaNu sarva dharma samabhAvanuM hatuM. arvAcIna gujarAtanI prajAmAM jIvananAM vividha kSetromAM je jAgRti jovA maLe che tene yaza gAMdhI-vicArasaraNIne ApavA ghaTe.1 13 sarvodaya-vicArasaraNI sarvodayavicArasaraNInAM mULa gAMdhI-vicArasaraNImAM paDelAM che. rASTrapitA gAMdhIjInI hayAtImAM ja sarvodaya-samAjanI racanA mATe aneka kAryakrama yeAjavAmAM AvatA hatA, jemAM svAtaMtryaprApti e mukhya dhyeya hatuM. svAta MtryaprApti tathA gAMdhIjInA avasAna bAda sarvodayanuM kAryAM vinebA bhAvee upADI lIdhuM,

Page #432
dhArmika sthiti 407 sarvodaya eTale kevaLa eka vargane udaya nahiM, paNa AkhA samAjane udaya. 14 samAjanA badhA varNo ane vargo ekabIjAnI sAthe pitApitAnI maryAdAmAM rahe ane ekabIjAnuM zoSaNa kare nahiM temaja nyAyabuddhithI vatIne paraspara saMpa ane sahakArathI rahe enuM nAma sarvodaya. garIba ane tavaMgara, zeTha ane nekara, mAlika ane zramajIvI, jamInadAra ane khetamajUra ityAdi badhA vargo vacce ke I Arthika ke sAmAjika bheda rahe nahi enuM nAma sarvodaya. raskinanA Unto This Last nAmanA pustakane gAMdhIjIe gujarAtImAM sArAnuvAda karyo che tenuM nAma emANe "sarvodaya' rAkhyuM che. e uparathI A zabda lIdhe che. 115 sarvodaya vicArasaraNInI imArata baMdhutA mAnavatA samAnatA ane advaitanA cAra pAyA para UbhI che. jemAM samAjanA sau koIne utkarSa ane sarvatomukhI vikAsa che te sarvodaya. sarvodaya-samAjanI racanAnuM gAMdhIjInuM svapna sAkAra karavA mATe vinobA bhAvee pocamapallIthI bhUdAnayajJanI pravRtti zarU karI ane bola bhagata, jaya jagatane maMtra ApyuM. sarvodaya-samAjanI racanA mATe ane Arthika asamAnatA dUra karavA mATe emaNe "bhUdAnayajJanuM mahatva samajAvyuM. hiMdudharmanAM pAMca vrataahiMsA satya brahmacarya asteya ane aparigraha paikI emaNe sarvodaya samAjanI racanA mATe asteya ane aparigraha para bhAra mUkyo. vinobAjIe joyuM ke AjanI sAmAjika ane Arthika viSamatA nivAravI hoya ane e ahiMsaka Dhabe nivAravI hoya te ene rAmabANa IlAja che asteya ane aparigraha vratanuM samAjIkaraNa.12 vinebAjIe "sabe bhUmi nepAlakI ane saMpatti saba raghupatikI Ahe' kahIne bhUdAnayajJane prAraMbha karyo. bhUdAnanI sAthe emaNe saMpattidAna buddhidAna zramadAna ane jIvanadAnanI yojanA paNa vahetI mUkI. gujarAtamAM sarvodaya-vicArasaraNIne phelA karavAmAM pU. ravizaMkara mahArAja, babalabhAI mahetA, bhogIlAla gAMdhI, cunIbhAI vaidya, kAMti zAha ItyAdine phALo ullekhapAtra che. vaDodarAmAMthI prasiddha thatA "bhUmiputra' vicArapatre paNa sarvodaya vicArasaraNInA pracAra ane prasAramAM noMdhapAtra pradAna karyuM che. ogaNIsamA ane vIsamA saikAnI A badhI navI vicArasaraNIoe gujarAtanI prajAmAM ajaba caitanya pragaTAvyuM che. pAdaTIpa 1. nAgajIbhAI ke. bhaTTI, "UrminavaracanA,' varSa 44, pR. 460-66, 560-68 9.34. R. K. Trivedi, Censns of India, 1961, Vol. V. Gujarat, Part I A (iia), pp. 253 ff.

Page #433
408 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 2. pro. ke. kA. zAstrI pAsethI sAbhAra maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre. 3. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, zaiva dharmane saMkSipta ItihAsa', pR. 168 4. narmadAzaMkara mahetA, "zAkta saMpradAya', pR. 102-110 5. puruSottama zAha ane caMdrakAMta zAha (saMpA.), carotara sarvasaMgraha (casasa.), bhA. 1, pR. 814 6. ejana, pR. 814-816 7. rameza paMDayA, "varatAla-darzanapR. 205-06 8. ramaNalAla sonI, "saMtasAgara', bhA 2, pR. 111; yu TrAya 2i. have, 'saMpradAyakA vikAsa evaM gurupara'parA,' ahamadAbAda, 1980, pR. 25 se. 9. yogIjI mahArAje amadAvAdamAM 196ra mAM svAminArAyaNa maMdira baMdhAvyuM. yogIjI mahArAja pachI pramukhasvAmI 1970 mAM gurugAdI para ArUDha thayA. a. "saMtasAgara,' bhA. 2, pR. 504-05; sAdhu akSarajIvanadAsa vedAMta zAstrI tathA zrImatI alakA zukala pAsethI sAbhAra upalabdha mAhitI parathI. 10. zrI ghanazyAmavijaya." 1970, a. 1-2, pR. 143, 147 11. nakumAra guNa, "gujarAta je saMtaoN au hindI sAhira che Tena (Tf hisA), 12. kAntikumAra sI. bhaTTa, "rAmakabIra saMpradAya', pR. 205 13. ejana, pR. 257; gusaMhitA, pR. 6 -14. casasaM., pR. 822 15. yasasaM., pR. 825; gusaMhisATuM. pR. 64-66 16. guhisAthe. 9. 80-82 17. pravINacaMdra parIkha pAsethI sAbhAra maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre. 18. gusaMhitAke, pR. 66 19 narmadAzaMkara bhaTTa, khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana, pR. 319 20. ahiyAre, pR. 76-80 21. amRtalAla nA. modI, "nArezvarane nAtha', pR. 3; kezavalAla a. Thakkara, Adhunika gujarAtanA saMta' (AgusaM.), pR. 318; saMtasAgara', bhA. 2, pR, 23-241 22. cImanabhAI I. paTela, rAmadevajInuM camatkArI maMdira', "dharmasaMdeza." varSa 66, aM, 1 (15-9-1980), pR. 8 23. svAmI sAI zaraNAnaMda, "zrI sAIbAbA', pR. 302-03 24. "Adhunika gujarAtanA saMta', pR. 93; saMtasAgara', bhA. 1, pR. 406-412

Page #434
dhArmika sthiti 408 25. nAgajI bhaTTI, sAyalAnA saMta lAlajI mahArAja" "Urmi navaracanA." varSa 56, aM. 12, pR. 592-96 26. "saMtasAgara,' bhA. 1, pR. 458-468 27. AgusaM., pR. 208 28. dhIrubhAI ThAkara, "arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanI vikAsarekhA,' pR. 22-23 28. zrI jAnakIdAsajI mahArAja zatAbdI mahotsava samaraNikA', pR. 13; zAMtilAla ThAkara, naDiyAdane itihAsa', pR. 67-80 30, casarsa, bhA. 2, pR. 172 31. arudaya jAnI, pUjya zrI moTAne aMjali." "svAdhyAya, varSa 14, aM. 2 (jAnyu, 1977), pR. 212-13 32. vADIlAla vALaMda, "zrI lakulIza tIrtha kAyAvarohaNa," "dharma leka", varSa 18, aM. 9 (15-1-83), pR. 4-4ra 33. Agusa, pR. 23-28 34. garUDezvaramAM zrI niraMjana dhAma' tarIke oLakhAtA A sthaLe chellAM dasa varSathI niraMjana (gaNezabhAI paMDayA) aviratapaNe vaidika paraMparA pramANenI kaThora tapazcaryA karI rahyA che. 35. AgusaM., pR. 234-254 36. Agusa., pR. 229-30; " saMtasAgara.' bhA. 2, pR. 257-266 37. I. I. dezAI, "sUrata sonAnI mUrata," pR. 192 38. amadAvAdanA vedamaMdira, gItAmaMdira ane jagannanAtha-maMdira vize prA. kamaleza cekasI pAsethI sAbhAra maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre. 39. "saMtasAgara, bhA. 2, pR. 421-431 amadAvAdamAM bhAvanirjhara' saMsthA emanI preraNAthI sthapAI che. 40. AgusaM, pR. 26ra-269 41. Shri Ramakrishna Ashrama, Rajkot, "Report, April, 1975 to March, 1978', pp. 9-15 AgaLa jatAM emAM belUra maThanI zailInuM eka bhavya maMdira baMdhAyuM. 4ra. casasa, bhA. 1, pR. 822-23 43; maNibhAI vorA, porabaMdara, pR. 25 44. carsa, bhA. 1, pR. 23 45. zivaprasAda rAjagara, "arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa, pR. 105; narmadabhAI ja. trivedI, thiyosophikala sAyaTI saurASTramAM", "UrminavaracanA," varSa 44, a. 7-8 (okaTa-nave, 1973), - pR. 600-602

Page #435
410 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 4. zrI araviMda gujarAtamAM", "zrI araviMda nivAsa dazAbdI mahotsava," pR. 141-4ra . 47. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 203 48. raNadhIra upAdhyAya, "mA AnaMdamayInI AnaMdayAtrA.' pR. 51 49. ejana, pR. 58 50, ejana, pR. 87 51. ejana, pR. 200-201 para. ejana, pR. 319 sane 1963 mAM mAne 14mo saMyama-saptAha amadAvAdamAM AnaMda baMgalAmAM kAMtilAla munazAne tyAM UjavAyo. lagabhaga 300 thI vadhu bhakta A saMyamavratamAM joDAyA hatA (ejana, pR. 3ra7-328. 53. "saMtasAgara, bhA. 2, pR. 4ra1-31 amadAvAdamAM bhAvanirjhara saMsthA emanI preraNAthI sthapAI che. 54. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 186-87 55, R. K. Trivedi, op. cir, pp. 253 f, 56. kumArapALa desAI, "sadInuM saravaiyuM (gata saikAnA jaina dharmanI pravRttio)', "jaina ratnaciMtAmaNi", bhA. 2 (saMpA. naMdalAla devaluka), pR. 164, 165 57. ejana, pR. 165 pa8. ejana, pR 165; sAdathI saMghamitrA, kAje pramAa mAvAI', pR. 22 59. bIjI vAra sane 1967 mAM dakSiNayAtrAnA prathama paDAvamAM cAturmAsa gALavA ane trIjI vAra sane 1983 mAM vizeSa uddezanI siddhi mATe amadAvAda padhAryA hatA (sAvI muvI nuM pramAM, "vahatA nI niAmA', pR. 20 60. sArtha saMghamitrA, 3ghaNuMa, g. : - che. "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava graMtha, bhA. 2, pR.1para -183 dara, kezavalAla Thakkara, uparyukta, pR 190-197; "graMtha ane graMthakAra,' pu. 9, | pR. 55-57 63. "graMtha ane graMthakAra, pu. 10, 86-88 64. ejana, pu. 1, pR. 160-61 6pa, ejana, pu 7, pR. 196-97 66. muni zrI bhuvanacaMdra mahArAja, zrI pArva caMdragacchanA pU. munipaMgone paricaya" "jaina ratnaciMtAmaNi," pR. 250 7. narmadAzaMkara yaM, bhadu, "khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana' pR. 35ra 68. muni mitrAnaMdasAra, "chAdhivati . mA. zrI trAsasAgarasUrIzvarI ma. sA. nIvanayAtrA : g gricaya,' p. 2-26 69. "zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava graMtha,' bhA. 1, pR. 5

Page #436
dhArmika sthiti 411. 70. DAhyAbhAI kinArIvAlA (saMpA.), zrI sUryapuranI jaina paricaya buka' pR. 20 71. 'amadAvAda sarvasaMgraha', pR. 164; ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI, "zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhIne itihAsa,' bhA. 1, pR. 10 7ra. ejana, pR. 164 73. DAhyAbhAI kinArIvAlA (saMpA.), uparyukta, pR. 2 8. R. K. Trivedi, op. cit., pp. 53 ff. 7pa. karIma mahamada mAstara, "mahAgujarAtanA musalamAno' bhA. 1-2, pR. 151 76. ejana, pR. 239 77. casasa., pR. 845 78. ejana, pR. 343 79. ejana, pR. 401 80. casasaM, bhA. 1 pR. 84ra 8. karIma mahamada mAstara, uparyukta, pR. 402 82. R. K. Trivedi, op. cir, pp. 253 ff. 83. hariprasAda zAstrI ane bhAratI zelata, 'amadAvAdanI agiyArIonA zilAlekha", "buddhiprakAza," pu. 127, pR. 485-89 84. ejana pR. 487-88 85. narmadAzaMkara caM. bhaTTa, uparyukta, 5 389-90 (SS. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presideney Vol. LIX, Part II, Appendix II, p. 252 87. pArasI DIrekaTarI pR. 5-6 88. "khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana." pR. 300 L. R. K. Trivedi, op. cit., pp. 253 ff. 90. upendra sAMDesarA "zIkhadarzana' pU. ra6-27 81. ha. gaM. zAstrI ane bhAratI zelata, amadAvAdanA zIkha gurudvArAnA zilAlekho, "buddhiprakAza", pu. 128. 181-183 1960 pachI amadAvAda gAMdhInagara kalela mahesANA ANaMda naDiyAda surata rAjakeTa ane jAmanagara jevA sthaLoe paNa guradvArA bAMdhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM ( darzanasiMga zIkha, AcArya- saradAra vallabhabhAI komarsa koleja, amadAvAda pAsethI sAbhAra maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre), 6. R K. Trivedi, op. cit., pp. 253 ff. 3. dharma cakra" varSa 3, aM. 5 (tA. 16-10-1978), pR. 4 04. 1960 pachI ghaNAM kuTuMbee bauddha dharmanI dIkSA lIdhI. 1981 mAM dalita varganA lagabhaga 200 parivAroe thAIlenDanA bauddha bhikhkha pU. vicAonA

Page #437
412. AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI zubha haste amadAvAdamAM dharmadIkSA lIdhI (dharmacaka, varSa 6, aM. 1, tA. 18-pa-81, pR. 4); zrI bakula vakIla pAsethI sAbhAra maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre. 64. R. K. Trivedi, op cit, pp. 253 ff. 96-97. bhAratI zelata, amadAvAdane tribhASI yahUdI zilAlekha ane tyAMnuM yahUdI kabarastAna, vidyApITha", saLaMga aMka 110 (mArca-eprila 1981), pR. 38 98. hariprasAda zAstrI ane bhAratI zelata, gujarAtamAM yahUdIo, pathika," varSa 20, aM. 7 (eprila, 1981), pR. 15 66. James Hastings (ed.), Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 11, pp. 299-306 100. zrImatI kapila hakimiyAna (surata) pAsethI sAbhAra maLelI mAhitInA AdhAre. 907. Robin Boyd, Church History of Gujarat, p. 79 902. Paul Varghes (ed.), Ahmedabad Mission Golden Jubilee Sauvenier 1934-1984, p. 5; Robin Boyd, op. cit., p. 200 903, Robin Bord, op. cit., p. 6 104 si. mAriyA kAviyeranI rUbarU mulAkAta laIne meLavelI vigato. 15. Ibid, p 210 10. prabhAzaMkara elozAbhAI (saMpA. le.), "savArtAnuM paroDha yAne parAtparanuM parAkrama', pR. 189 107. Robin Boyd, op. cil, p. 136 108. prabhAzaMkara elIzAbha I, uparyukta, pR. 110 109, ejana, pR. 174 110. A samAjane zatAbdI mahotsava sane 1971 ne Disembara mAsanI 17, 18, 19-e traNa tArIkhe e amadAvAdamAM UjavavAmAM Avyo. 111. gAMdhIjI, "harijanabaMdhu' tA. 28 mArca, 1936 11ra, gAMdhIjI, "maMgaLa prabhAta', pR. 1 1 13. ejana, pR. 29-33 114. narahari parIkha, sAmyavAda ane sarvodaya tathA bIjA lekho' pR. 1 115. e jana, pR. 1 114. babalabhAI mahetA, "sarvodaya ane bhUdAnayajJa,' pR. 14

Page #438
khaMDa 4 kalAo prakaraNa 12 lalita kalAo 1. citrakalA pravAha ane saMsthAo aMgrejI zAsana nIce bhAratIya kalA tathA saMskRti visarAI gaI hatI. videzI zAsake zarUAtamAM bhAratIya saMskRti ane kalAne hInatAnI najare jatA. kalAkSetre pazcima bhAratamAM jANItI klAsaMsthA "sara je. je. skUla oNpha ArTa' muMbaImAM 1857 mAM astitvamAM AvI hatI. gujarAta mahArASTra ane itara prAMtanA kalAnA vidyAthIo ucca kakSAnI zikSA mATe tyAM jatA. gujarAtamAM kalAzikSA mATe koI khAsa saMsthA na hatI. vaDodarAmAM mahArAjA sayAjIrAve sthApeluM "kalAbhavana kalAzikSaNa ApatuM hatuM, paraMtu ene abhigama kalAudyogane zikSaNa para vadhu hato. | muMbaInI A saMsthAmAM aMgreja niSNAte kalAzikSaNa ApatA hatA eTale e pAzcAtya paddhatithI apAtuM hatuM. A saMsthA rASTriya staranI hatI. talaronuM navuM mAdhyama, navI Tekanika, navuM dRSTibiMdu, uparAMta navA viSaya ane dazyacitra (Landscape painting), padArthonuM vAstavika nirUpaNa, mAnava-AkRtinA saMpUrNa AdarzanuM sarjana, chAyA-prakAzane umAra, raMgenI vividha sthiti darzAvatI chaTAo tones), yathArtha darzana (perspective), citrasaMyojanA - A badhuM eka navI dizA prastuta karatuM hatuM. A zikSaNa dvArA je vidyAthIe tAlIma pAmyA teo tejasvI kalAkAra ke sarjaka na thayA, paraMtu kalAne vyavasAya tarIke nabhAvatA rahyA, skUla opha ArTanA prinsipAla griphise 189ra mAM zALAnA zikSako ane vidyArthIo dvArA ajaMTAnAM citro ane azabhanenI anukRti karAvI. A dhathI kalAkSetre navuM dizAsUcana thayuM. e nirvivAda che ke A kalAzALAe

Page #439
114 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI bhAratanA kalAkArone preraNA ane protsAhana ApyAM tathA sAmAnya jana-samAjamAM kalA pratye rasavRtti jAgrata karI. 1888mAM "bombe ArTa sosAyaTI" nI sthApanA thaI ra A sosAyaTI ceDA yuropiyane ane bhAratIya zrImaMtonA sahakArathI kalAnA uojanAthe sthapAI hatI. "skUla oNpha ArTa'mAMthI tAlIma pAmelA kalAkAroe kalAne vyavasAya tarIke apanAvI hatI. teo potAnI kalAne janasamAjane paricaya ApavA eka saMsthAne icchatA hatA, e saMsthA A sosAyaTI hatI. 1916 mAM sosAyaTInA vArSika kalA pradarzanamAM prathama vAra eka gujarAtI kalAkAra zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLane emanA citra "bilvamaMgaLa' mATe suvarNa padaka mo. A citra rAjapUta zailInI Dhabe sapATa raMgamAM kareluM hatuM. A citrazailInI preraNA emaNe maeNDarna rivyu'(kalakattA)mAM AvatA zro hevela tathA De. AnaMdakumAra svAmInA lekhenA vAcana tathA chapAtAM bhAratIya citra parathI prApta karI hatI. A citra sarvaprathama bhAratIya kalAzailInuM dyotaka hatuM. - "skUla oNpha ArTamAM rUDhicusta pAzcAtya DhabanI kalAzikSAmAMthI gujarAtanA paNa ghaNA kalAkAro tAlIma pAmyA, vizeSa karI citrazikSakanI tAlIma pAmyA. teo amadAvAda vaDodarA surata rAjakeTa bhAvanagara jAmanagara ane gAMDaLamAM zikSaka tarIke kAma karatA hatA. pAchaLathI "kUla oNpha ArTInA kalAkArone eka jUthe ekeDemika paddhati taraphanA valaNathI judA paDI potAnI vyaktigata anubhUti, AgavI zailI ane kuzaLatAthI tathA raMgomAM potAnA vyaktitvanI chApa ane vyApaka daSTikoNa apanAvI sarjana karyuM, je vAstavika rajUAtathI vegaLuM hatuM. bhAratamAM rASTriya AMdolananI lahera pUra jozamAM cAlI rahI hatI. kalAkSetre kalakattAmAM "Dana rivyu' mAM bhAratIya kalA-paraMpara nA lekhe ane citra prakAzita thatAM hatAM. kalakattA skUla oNpha ArTamAM bhAvanAzALI ane vidvAna AcArya zrI I. bI. hevelanuM Agamana thayuM. emaNe bhAratIya kalAkAro mATe bhAratIya paddhatinI kalAzikSA para vadhu jora ApyuM ane pAzcAtya zikSA paddhatine tilAMjali ApI, emane zrI avanadranAtha TAgora jevA vidyAthI maLyA. pAchaLathI dezane zrI naMdalAla bojha jevA tejasvI kalAkAra maLyA. kalakattAmAM agragaNaya vidvAne ane kalAkAroe "oriyanTala ArTa sosAyaTInI sthApanA karI. zrI adrakumAra gAMgulIe "rUpama' nAmanuM kalAnuM trimAsika kADhayuM, je eziyAnuM zreSTha kalApatra

Page #440
lalita kalAo 415 banyuM. kavivara gurudeva ravIndranAtha TAgore zAMtiniketanamAM vizvabhAratI vidyAlayamAM saMgIta ane kalAne prathama vAra zikSaNamAM gauravabharyuM sthAna ApyuM. baMgALanA citrakalA-punarutthAna-Adelanane prabhAva dezanA judA judA bhAgomAM paDyo. muMbaInI "sara je. je. skUla oNpha ArTamAM e samaye prinsipAla kepTana glasTana solemana hatA (I. sa. 1919-1937). emaNe abhyAsakramamAM bhAratIya kalAne vizeSa sthAna ApyuM ke emaNe abhyAsakramamAM bhIMtacitrane sthAna ApI eka evI zailInuM nirmANa karyuM ke jemAM bhAratIya citrakalA ane chAyAprakAzayukta pAzcAtya citrakalA-paddhatimAM bhIMtacitra paddhatine vikAsa thayo. e samayanA vidyAthI zrI jagannAtha muralIdhara ativAsI, je saurASTramAM porabaMdaramAM bALapaNathI ja UcharyA hatA, temanI zaktine zrI solemane pArakhI, temane protsAhana ApI emanAmAM rahelAM bhAratIya kalAsaMskAra, vaiSNava saMpradAyanI utkRSTa kalAparaMparAnI sUjha tathA rAjapUta kalA paraMparAnI pracchanna paripATI vagerene vikAsa karyo. vidyAkAla pachI A ja zALAmAM zrI ahivAsIne bhAratIya citrakalAvibhAganuM saMcAlana soMpyuM. zrI ahivAsInuM vrajasAhityanuM UMDuM jJAna, bhAratIya kalAnI UMDI sUjha, vedhaka daSTi ane AgavI zikSaNa paddhatithI "skUla oNpha ArTa'mAM eka navuM vAtAvaraNa sarjAyuM ane pazcima bhAratanA kalAkSetre kalAnA vidyAthIonI AgavI pratibhA pragaTI tathA ucca sarjanAtmaka kAma thayuM. A lAvarga mAM khAsa karIne gujarAtI vidyAthIonuM pramANa vadhu hatuM eTale gujarAtanA kalAkArone eka navI dizA ane pratsAhana maLyAM. sau-prathama "skUla oNpha ArTanI bhI te para vidyAthIoe bhIMtacitra karyA. muMbaImAM skUla oNpha ArTInI gatividhi ane bhAratIya kalAnA vidyAthI one pratsAhana ApatA lekho zrI kanaiyAlAla vakIle bombe kaeNnikala'mAM lakhyA. pAchaLathI De. DI. jI. vyAse paNa kalAsamIkSaka tarIke sArI sevA bajAvI hatI. mukhya khaMDamAM eka vizALa citra "-revyA: puna:niSThA' Aje paNa dhyAna kheMce evuM che. zrI. ena. ela. jozIe moTA kadanAM bhIMtacitra karyA. zrI ahivAsIe Council Chamber, New Delhi mATe bhIMtacitronI penala karI, je e samayanI sarvotkRSTa kRtio hatI. zrI ativAsInAM citromAM kAvyamayatA, vizeSa prakAranI citrasajanA tathA sukomaLa rekhAMkana ane raMgone abhuta sumeLa jovAmAM Ave che. emanAM citromAM bhAratIya kaLAnI pUrNa chAyA najare paDe che. zrI ahivAsIe bhAratIya kalAnI niSThApUrvaka sevA karI vidyArthIone sarvAgINa jJAnathI paripuSTa karyA. emanA vidyArthIomAM vadhara zukala, bhAnu

Page #441
416 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI smAta, vajubhAI bhagata, geAkuLadAsa kApaDiyA, mahArAja gopInAthajI, yusUph dhAlA, gAvana paMcAla, kumI dANAsa, vAsudeva smA, dineza zAha, tuphAna raphAI, jagu pIThavA, pradyumna tannA, bhUpedra kAriyA, rasika rAvaLa vagere kalAkAra ne gaNAvI zakAya. zrI svAvakSa cAvaDAe pAtAnI AgavI pratibhAthI yurepa jaI viziSTa zakti dvArA rekhApradhAna zailInu nirmANa karI dezamAM agragaNya kalAkAra tarIke sthAna prApta karyuM. zrI yajJeza zukale iTAlI ane cIna jaI, grAphTi ane cAInIjha klAnuM vizeSa jJAna prApta karI judI judI paddhatimAM kalAsana karyuM. zrI vAsudeva smAte kalAmAM alarayukta zailInuM nirmANa karyuM tathA bhAratIya alaMkaraNAnuM abhyAsa ane sa Mze dhana karI prakAzana karyuM che. uparAMta aneka klAkAro emanA adhyApanakALamAM dIkSita thayA. temAM zrI jammu saMpata, merArajI saMpata, manu sUbedAra, kAMtilAla kApaDiyA, hIrAlAla paTela, manu vyAsa, sumaMta vyAsa, lakhamasI kheAnA, caMdubhAI paMDayA, jayaMta parIkha, kalAkAMta, zakuMtalA dIvAnajI, bhadrA desAi, mAhinI bakSI ityAdi kalAkArAe kalAkSetre nAnAmeATe ullekhanIya kALA ApyA che 1947 mAM deza svataMtra thayA. kalAkAro ane kalAnA vidyAthI ene videzamAMthI navA vicAra ane dRSTi sAMpaDayAM. kalAkSetranI sImAne vyApa vadhyo. vizeSa karI gujarAtanA kalAkAroe Ane lAbha vadhu uDAvyA. kalAkAre e peAtAnA kAmamAM svata MtratAnA anubhava karyA ane te coiour form ane tathA amU kalA tarapha AkarSAyA, pustakA prakAzane pradarzane slAiDa-zA vArtAlApe ane vyaktigata saparka paDyuM AmAM mahattvanA phALe che. 1948 mAM muMbaImAM 'pregnesava grupa'nI sthApanA thaI ane emAM kalAkAra hatA te ekeDemika zailI tathA paraMparAgata zailIthI alaga petAnu astitva siddha karavA mAgatA hatA. gujarAtanA zrI akabara padamasI ane taiyaba mahetAe phrAnsa jaI Adhunika kalApravAhanuM samajapUrvaka adhyayana karI sarjana karyuM che. gujarAtanI kalApravRtti ajaTA eleArAnAM bhIMtacitrAnA ane jaina tADapatra temaja hastapratanAM citrAnA saMzAdhanathI kalAmAM eka prakAranu navuM dizAsUcana thayu che ane eka preraNApatha darzAvAya che. 19 mI sadInA a`tima caraNamAM rAjA ravivarmAnAM citrono AkarSIka zailI gujarAtamAM khUba leAkapriya thaI hatI. daivIe, devatAo ane paurANika prasaMgAnAM

Page #442
lalita kalAo 417 citra gharagharamAM pracalita thayAM hatAM. rAjA ravivarmA trAvaNakoranA rAjavaMzI kalAkAra hatA ane emanAM citra pAzcAtya paddhatinAM hatAM. vaDodarAnA mahArAjA sayAjIrAve paNa rAjA ravivarmA pAse rAjaparivAranAM citra karAvyAM hatAM. A citrazailIthI gujarAtanA javAna kalAkAre AkarSAyA ane e ja zailImAM citro karavA lAgyA. 1907 mAM amadAvAdanA kalAzikSaka zrI maganalAla zarmAe rASTra bhAvanAthI prerAI bhAratanA nakazAmAM hiMdadevInuM citra cItaryuM hatuM, je ravivarmA litho presamAM chapAI pragaTa paNa thayuM hatuM. A citra AkhA dezamAM Adara pAmyuM hatuM. gujarAtamAM kalAzikSaNanI zarUAta ane jAgRti 1919 pachI zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLe amadAvAdane pitAnuM kAryakSetra banAvyuM tyArathI thaI. zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLa muMbaInI "sara je. je. skUla oNpha ArTanA tejasvI vidyArthI hatA. emaNe 1914mAM sva. hAjImahaMmada zivajInA vIsamI sadI" mAsikamAM kalAkAra tarIke sevA ApelI. emAMnAM emanAM rekhAcitro ane citrathI badhA vAkepha hatA. taduparAMta gujarAtanA samartha sAhityakAra ka. mA. munazInI navalakathAnA caulukyakAlanI samRddhi darzAvatAM pAtronAM suMdara citra emaNe karyA hatAM. zrI ravibhAIe amadAvAdamAM eka svataMtra citrakAra tarIke jIvavAno saMkalpa karyo ane samasta jIvana kalAnAM utthAna pracAra ane prasAra mATe arpaNa karyuM. zarUAtamAM emaNe gujarAta kalAsaMgha citrazALA'nI sthApanA karI ane kalA-abhyAsa karavA IcchatA vidyArthIone ni:zulka zikSA ApavA mAMDI. "bhArata kalAmaMDaLane nAme eka anya saMsthA sthApI pradarzane vyAkhyAne vArtAlApa tathA kalAkArone uttejana ApavA mATe eka maMcanI jarUriyAta pUrI pADI. 1924mAM ravizaMkara rAvaLe "kumAra nAmanA mAsikane prAraMbha karyo. kumAra"mAM ziSTa sAhitya uparAMta vizeSa rUpathI kalAkArone protsAhana ApavA citra, kalAkArone paricaya, dezavidezanAM kalA ane kalAkAre para vistRta che vagere vipula pramANamAM ApI gujarAtanI buddhijIvI ane sAmAnya prajAmAM kalAkAra reDyA ane kalA pratye rasavRtti ane jAgRti ANI. gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM bhAratIya saMskRti ane kalAnA viSayane abhyAsakamamAM savizeSa sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM. zrI kanu desAIne zAMtiniketanamAM uca kalAne abhyAsa karavA mATe ziSyavRtti ApavAmAM AvI. zrI kanu desAI abhyAsa

Page #443
418 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pUro karI vidyApIThamAM zikSaka tarIke joDAyA. zrI ravibhAInA prathama ziSyamaMDaLamAM zrI kRSNAlAla bhaTTa, kanubhAI desAI ane jagahana mistrIne samAveza thAya che. zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLe vidyArthIone ucca kakSAnI zikSA mATe dezanA anya bhAgomAM mokalyA. dezanA judA judA prAMtamAMthI alaga alaga vicAradhArAnuM gujarAtamAM Agamana thayuM ane ene samanvaya thayo. zrI kanu desAIne zAMtiniketana, zrI rasikalAla parIkhane madrAsa devIprasAda rAya pAse ane pachI muMbaI, zrIyadhara zukalane muMbaI, zrI chaganalAla jAdavane lakhana ane zrI somAlAla zAha tathA zrI kRSNalAla bhaTTane vaDodarAmAM zrI pramodakumAra ceTarajI pAse mokalyA. Ama gujarAtamAM kalA aMge navA yuganAM maMDANa thayAM. zrI ravizaMkaranI saMsthAnA vidyAthI. jUthamAM zrI baMsIlAla varmA, rasikalAla parIkha, chaganalAla jAdava, vrajalAla trivedI, bhIkhubhAI AcArya, lakSmaNa varmA, caMdrazaMkara rAvaLa, dhIru gAMdhI, zAMti zAha ane dazaratha paTela vageree citra-abhyAsane AraMbha karI AgaLa jataM sArI siddhi prApta karI. zrI somAlAla zAhe bhAvanagaramAM citrazikSaNa ApI vinAyaka paMDyA ane mAkaDa bhaTTa jevA ucca vidyAthIone taiyAra karyA, jyAre zrI rasikalAla parIkhe zeTha ci. na. vidyAvihAra saMsthAnA lalitakalA-mahAvidyAlayamAM aneka ziSyone kalAdIkSA ApI. | gujarAtamAM kalA jAgRtithI evuM vAtAvaraNa sarjAyuM ke thoDA kalAkAroe pitAnI svataMtra ane AgavI kalAsAdhanA ane prayogazIlatA vaDe navuM sarjana karI khyAti prApta karI. kumAra maMgalasiMhajI-lAThI, kheDIdAsa paramAra-bhAvanagara, bhUpata lADavA-rAjakATa vageree saurASTranI lokakalAmAMthI preraNuM laI AgavuM sarjana karyuM. zAMti zAha, dazaratha paTela ane jagubhAI zAhe paNa e paripATInA prayoga ajamAvI, pitAnAM AgavAM vyaktitva ane anubhUti vyakta karyA. vibhinna mAdhyama ane nijI daulImAM kAma karanAra kalAkAromAM zAMti dave, jerAma paTela, pirAja sAgarA, Izvara sAgarA, ramaNika bhAvasAra, bAlakRSNa paTela, kanaiyAlAla yAdava, azvina modI, haku zAha, bhAnu zAha, jayaMta parIkha, ziva paMDyA, kinArIvALA, vinaya trivedI, vineda zAha, vinoda paTela ityAdi kalAkAro mukhya che. jIvana aDAlajA ane kAMtilAla rAThoDa paNa viziSTa kAma karI rahyA che. dezanA kalA-zikSaNamAM krAMti mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunirvasiTI-vaDodarAmAM lalitakalA saMsthAnI sthApanA thatAM AvI. mArkaDa bhaTTa sarva prathama A saMsthAnA adhyakSa nimAyA. emaNe dezavidezamAM kalAnA ucca abhyAsa ane

Page #444
lalita kalA 419 anubhava prApta karyA hatA tathA emanA sAthI zrI ena. esa bendree dezanA agragaNya ane pratibhA-sapanna kalAkAra ane anubhavI zikSaka tarIkenI mahattvanI bhUmikA bhajavI hatI. A saMsthAmAM vizvamAM adyatana kalApravAheAne anulakSIne, klAkArAnI vyaktigata anubhUtinI abhivyaktine svIkArI tathA Ajano sauMdarya khAdhanI paribhASAne10 samajI ane enI sAthenA klAkArane saMbadha joDI kAI vizeSa zailInuM anukaraNa paNu nahi chatAM paraMparAnI avagaNanA paNa na karI, prayogazIlatA takanika ane mAdhyameAnA prayAgAne vistRta sthAna ApI enA kalAsarjananAM mahattvapUrNa tattvA tarIke svIkAra karyAM. A saMsthAnA vidyAthIemAM navI daSTi, navA mAdhyama tathA prayAgazIlatAnA abhigama spaSTapaNe vartAya che, enA paripAkarUpe je klAkAro prakAzamAM AvyA teomAM jyoti bhaTTa, zAMti dave, ramaNika bhAvasAra, bAlakRSNa paTela, jayata parIkha, hiMmata zAha, haku zAha, rameza paDayA vagere mukhya che. Ama, gujarAtamAM kalAkSetre navA prayAge ane navI vicAradhArAnA udaya thayA. 2. saMgIta gujarAtanA ziSTa saoNMgItanA chellI eka sadInA itihAsanI zarUAta jAmanagaranA rAjaya-gAyaka - sva. AdityarAmajI vyAsathI thaI. emanA putro kezavalAla ane lakSmIdAse I.sa. 1895 mAM saMgItAditya' pUrvAdha ane uttarAdha ema be prakAzana karyAM che. 11 lagabhaga savAseA varSoM pUve` vaDAdarAnA mahArAjA zrI sayAjIrAve gAyanazALA sthApI enA saMcAlana mATe preA. maulAbakSanI niyukti karelI, maulAbakSajI vidvAna saMgItazikSaka hatA ane e samayamAM emanuM svaralipi paranuM prabhutva Azcarya pamADe tevuM hatuM. uttara hiMdustAnI saMgIta mATe svaralipi ApanAra ee prathama saMgItazAstrI hatA. emaNe e samayamAM gavAtA dezI DhALAnI svaralipi sAthe prakAzanA karI gujarAtanI anerI sevA bajAvI che.12 bhAvanagaranA mahArAjA bhAvasiMhajIne tyAM paNa aneka vidvAna kalAkAra hatA, jemAM khInakAra rahImakhAM ane gAyikA caMdraprabhA agragaNya kalAkAra hatAM. gujarAtamAM nAyaka ane bhejaka jJAtioe vazapara parAthI bhavAI-nATatha ane saMgIta-para'parAne jIvaMta rAkhI che. te jaina vaiSNava ane svAminArAyaNa

Page #445
420 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI maMdiramAM pUjArI tarIkene vyavasAya svIkArI pUjA bhaNAve che temaja kItane. karAvI prajAmAM dharma ane saMgItanuM pracAra-kArya kare che. 13 saurASTra ane kacchamAM zaraNAI tabalAM ke gAyana tarIkene vyavasAya karatI laMghA kAmamAM sArA uttama kalAkAro thayA che. ribaMdaranA puSTisaMpradAyanA gosvAmI ghanazyAmalAlajI hiMdustAnanA nAmAMkita hArmoniyama-vAdaka hatA.14 tyAra bAda emanA putra gosvAmI dvArakezalAlajI ane hAla emanA putra rasikarAyajIe Aje paNa hArmoniyama-vAdananI paraMparA jALavI rAkhI che, 1910 thI 1950 sudhI saMgItakSetre sArAya hiMdustAnamAM sUryanI jema chavAI gayela AphatAbe-mausIkI' (saMgIta-bhAskara) ustAda phayAjhakhAne gujarAtane gaurava apAvyuM temaja vaDedarAne uttara hiMdustAnI saMgItanuM keMdra banAvyuM. jUnI peDhInA eo samartha gAyaka hatA, jene eka paga mughala zahenazAha akabaranA jamAnAmAM hatA, kAraNa ke madhya yuganI drapada-dhamAra zailIne ee tAdaza citAra ApI zakatA, te bIjo paga AjanA saMgIta-yuganI dharatI para hato, kAraNa ke Adhunika khyAla ThumarI ane gajhalazailInA paNa e raMgadeva hatA. 15 vIsamI sadInI zarUAtathI bhAratIya saMgIta kSetre navajAgRti AvI. saMgItanA zikSaNakAryane vyavasthita vikAsa zarU thayo. hiMdustAnanAM anya zaheronI jema gujarAtanAM mukhya mukhya zaheromAM paNa saMgItasaMsthAo zarU thaI. viSNunArAyaNa bhAtakhaMDee hindustAnI saMgIta paddhati" nAmanA cha bhAganA prakAzana dvArA saMgIta viSayane vyavasthita karyo. paM. bhAtakhaMDechanuM zrImaifitam te uttara hiMdustAnI saMgItane samartha zAstragraMtha che, jemAM vibhinna gharANavALA ustAdanI cIjone vizuddha karI aneka cIjonAM lakSaNa ApyAM che. pa. vibaru digaMbare te A viSayanA zikSaNakAryane nyAya ApI zake tevA zikSaka taiyAra karyA. rASTriya zikSaNa saMsthAoe anya zikSaNa sAthe saMgItane paNa AvakAryuM. gUjarAta vidyApIThamAM 1920 mAM saMgIta viSaya laIne snAtaka thavAnI sagavaDa hatI. saMgItazAstrI nArAyaNa morezvara kharee gUjarAta vidyApITha temaja amadAvAdanA saMgItavikAsanA ghaDataramAM amUlya phALo Ape. sAdhuvRttinA kharee abhijAta saMgItanuM mukta hadaye dAna karyuM. gujarAtanAM lokagItanuM saMpAdana karI svaralipi sAthenuM pustaka temaja Azrama bhajanAvalInuM prakAzana karI lekagItabhajane rASTragItane saMgItakSetre AdaraNIya sthAna apAvyuM. gUjarAta vidyA

Page #446
lalita kalAo 421 pIThamAM e samaye viSNu digaMbarachanA ziSya zaMkararAva pAThaka vAyalinanA suMdara vAdaka hatA. - dakSiNAmUrti (bhAvanagara)mAM zikSaNa sAthe saMgIta e zikSaNanuM anivArya aMga manAyuM. 19ra0 thI 1965 sudhI saMgItAcArya paM. kAranAtha ThAkure zaktizALI avAja ane viziSTa gAyakI dvArA hiMdustAna uparAMta paradezamAM paNa gujarAtanuM nAma rozana karyuM. paM. viSNu digabarajI pAsethI gvAliyara gharANanI tAlIma prApta karelI, paraMtu rAganI abhivyakti, AlApacArI, rasa ane bhAvane sumeLa temaja AtmavizvAsa sAthenI emanI rajUAtane kAraNe emanA anya gurubaMdhuo karatAM emanuM saMgIta nirALuM rahyuM. paMDitajI phakta kalAkAra ja nahatA, eo vAgeyakAra ane saMgItazAstranA jJAtA paNa hatA. emAM "saMgItAMjali-bhA. 1 thI 6mAM kriyAtmaka saMgItane ane praNavabhAratI' tathA "rAga ane rasa" e pustaka dvArA anubhUti thayela saMgItazAstrane nicoDa Apela che. amadAvAdanA paM. vADIlAla zivarAma nAyaka vidvAna saMgItazAstrI hatA. emaNe sva. viSNu nArAyaNa bhAtakhaMDene "hiMdustAnI saMgIta paddhatinA bhA. 1 thI 6 lakhavAmAM ghaNI madada karelI, zAstrIya saMgIta uparAMta eo vaiSNava saMpradAyanA havelI saMgIta temaja gujarAtanA dezI DhALonA jJAtA hatA. amadAvAdamAM sva. paM. goviMdarAvajI barahAnapurakara mRdaMganA temaja paM. nAgaradAsa arajadAsa dilarUbAnA kuzaLa vAdaka hatA. e ja samaya daramyAna vaDodarA gAyana pAThazALAnA AcArya hIrajIbhAI DokaTara temaja harakAMtabhAI zukala gujarAtanA agragaNya saMgItazAstrI hatA. rASTriya caLavaLa daramyAna saMgItathI prajAnA juvALane TakAvavA 5. viSNu digaMbara, kAranAthajI, kharejI vageree rASTragItanuM svaraniyojana karela. gujarAtanA mA. vasaMta amRte paNa emanA madhura avAja tathA ziSTa ane sugama saMgIta dvArA rASTriya juse TakAvavAmAM sAro phALo Apela. vaDodarA bhAvanagara pAlItANu vaDhavANa kaccha jUnAgaDha mAMgaroLa nyAdi rajavADAMonA rAjavIo saMgItakAronA sArA AzrayadAtA hatA, te amuka rAjavIo pote paNa saMgItanA sArA jJAtA hatA, jemAM dharamapuranA mahArAjAnA nAnA bhAI prabhAtadevajI temaja sANaMdanA mahArAjA zrI jayavaMtasiMhajInAM nAma ullekha-pAtra che. baMne bInavAdaka hatA. prabhAtadevajIe "saMgIta-prakAza 1920 mAM prakAzita karyuM.

Page #447
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pucho 1920 thI ziSTa sa`gItanI jema leAkasaMgIta leAkanATaya ane lokanRtyanI abhiruci jAgrata karavA pi'gaLazI gaDhavI, ge kuLadAsa rAyacUrA, meghANIbhAI, dulA kAga ane hemu gaDhavInA kaMThanA kAmaNe paNu anya prAMtAmAM gujarAtanAM lAkagItAnI pratiSThA vadhArI. 422 gujarAtamAM saMgIta vidyAlayanI zarUAta vaDAdarA bAda amadAvAdamAM thaI. kharejInA ziSya rAvajIbhAI paTela ane enA sahakArya kareA prANalAla zAha, naTavaralAla parIkha ane sukharAjasi'ha jhAlA vo^thI sagIta-adhyApananu kArya karI rahyA che, bhAIlAla zAha, prANalAla zAha ane rAvajIbhAI paTele saMgItanA abhyAsakrameA pramANe pAThayapustaka gujarAtI bhASAmAM taiyAra karyAM che. zrI vADIlAla zivarAma nAyakanI preraNAthI emanA ziSya zrI ca'pakalAla nAyakanA AcArya pade 1948 mAM amadAvAdamAM 'bhAtakha'De sa'gIta mahAvidyAlaya'nI sthApanA thaI, je 1958 mAM baMdha thayuM. zrI caMpakalAla para'parAthI puSTimAgI'ya havelI sa'gItanA kItanakAra che ane bhAtakhaMDejInI paraparAnA uttama gAyaka che. emaNe paNa aneka ziSyA taiyAra karI ApyA che. amadAvAda bAda rAjakeTamAM saMgIta vidyAlayanI sthApanA kharejInA ziSya puruSotamabhAI gAMdhIe karI. zarUAtamAM vAsudeva anagare ane bAdamAM ekanAtha paragAMvakaratA emane sAtha maLela. 1947 bAda zAradAmaMdira(karAMcI)nA saMgIta vibhAganA saMcAlaka amubhAi vI. dozI A saMsthAnA AcAryapade niyukta thayA. khIna-vAdaka . mahammadakhAM pharIdA desAI bhAvanagara rAjyamAM rAjyavAdaka hatA, teoe paNa A saMsthAmAM sAteka varSoM sitAra-zikSaka tarIke kArya karela. vilupta thatI khIna-vAdananI jUnI paraMparAnA mahammadakhAMne hiMdustAnanA agragaNya temaja aMtima kalAkAra kahI zakAya. saMgIta-nRtya--nATayanA vikAsa mATe 1950 mAM keMdra sarakAre dilhI saMgIta nATaka akAdamInI zarUAta karI. dilhI bAda uttara bhAratamAM saurASTra prathama rAjya hatuM, jyAM saurASTra saMgIta nATaka akAdamI nAmanI svAyatta saMsthA sthapAI. 1955 thI 1962 nAM sAta varSo daramyAna A saMsthAe saurASTranA judA judA jillAomAM saMgIta nATaya leAkasAhitya ane bhavAI saMmelanA yeAjelAM. uparAMta A saMsthAe ucca zikSaNanA vikAsa mATe gujarAta yunivarsiTI sAthe salagna myujhika kAleja zarU karI. saurASTra sagIta nATaka akAdamI ane myujhika kAlejanA AcArya tarIke amubhAI vI. deAzI nimAyA, nUtana saMgIta zikSaNa praNAlIne dhyAnamAM rAkhI prA. muktAbahena vaidya ane AcArya amubhAIe gAyana ane zAstranAM pustaka taiyAra karyA, jene gujarAtamAM saMgIta jagate sArI rote AvakAryA.

Page #448
lalita kalAo 423 1961 thI gujarAta saMgIta nRtya nATaya akAdamInI zarUAta thaI. A saMsthAnI saMgIta pravRttinA vikAsamAM suratanA sva. kaMcanalAla mAmAvAlAne phALo moTo hato. eo saMgItavidyAnA jJAtA, vivecaka ane kalAkAranA agragaNya mArgadarzaka hatA. 1 suratanA prA. ramaNalAla mahetA zarUAtamAM 'AkAzavANI amadAvAdamAM saMgIta-vibhAganA proDayusara hatA. bAdamAM saMgIta nRtya nATaya mahAvidyAlaya, vaDodarAmAM varSo sudhI AcArya hatA. emaNe gujarAtI ane aMgrejI bhASAmAM saMgItanAM vidvatApUrNa lekhe ane pustaka prakAzita karela che. bharata vyAsa paNa vaDodarA saMgIta kolejamAM prAdhyApaka hatA. eo viNa-mRdaMga ane drupadanA vidvAna kalAkAra hatA, paraMtu emanI pAsethI kalAne marma kaI pAmI zakayuM nahi, jyAre prA. sudhIrakumAra sakasenAe A koleja dvArA gujarAtamAM aneka suMdara tabalAvAdaka utpanna karyA vAgyeyakAra tarIke paM. omakAranAthajInA ziSya zrI. baLavaMtarAya bhaTTa bhAvaraMga, bhA. 1 ane bhA. 2'mAM suMdara saMgIta-racanAonuM nirmANa karela che. 1945 thI 1965 sudhI yazavaMtarAya purohita ane zivakumAra zukale hiMdustAnanI lagabhaga badhI saMgIta konpharansamAM sthAna meLavI gujarAtane gaurava apAvyuM. yazavaMtabhAIe emanA ArAdhya deva abdulakarImakhAM sAhebanI kirAnA gharANAnI gAyakI para prabhutva meLavela zivakumAra zukale morAdAbAdI gharANA nA sva. ustAda amAnaalIkhAM pAsethI tAlIma meLavI, nUtana zailInI gAyakInuM nirmANa karyuM. buddhicAturya kAku saragama Aga ane prasannatApUrvakanI emanI layapradhAna rajUAtane paraMparAgata tAlIma meLavela bujharga gAyake e paNa biradAvI. 3. garabA, rAsa ane nRtyakalA garabA, garabI ane rAsa e gujarAtanI AgavI lekakalA che. emAM vartalanRtyanA mALakhAmAM saMgItanI tathA abhinayanI jamAvaTa heya che. garabA garabe e Adyazakti mahAmAyAnI pUjanuM svarUpa manAya che. garabA sAthe zaktipUjA joDAyelI che. zaradaRtumAM AnA pahelA nava divasa rAtre navarAtramahatsava UjavAya che. navarAtrimAM gavAtA garabAnuM kSetra vizALa ane vaividhyasabhara che. garabAnA eka svarUpamAM kANAvALe mATIne ghaDe-garabo', aMdara dIve,

Page #449
424 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI A "garabe" mAthe mUkI kanyAo ghera ghera jAya, "garabA" nIce mUke ane gAyabIjA eka svarUpamAM mAtAnI sthApanA thaI hoya tyAM besIne strIo gAya. A uparAMta navarAtramAM rAtrinA samaye mAtAjInuM sthApana karavAmAM AvyuM hoya te sthaLe strI-puruSe ekaThAM thaI zaktipUjAnI ArAdhanArUpe mAtAnI bhaktinAM gIta gAtA-gAtAM, tALIothI tAla ApatAM, lalita aMgamaroDa ane paganA ThekA sAthe vartuLAkAramAM ghUmatAM ghUmatAM garabA gAya che. gujarAtamAM garabA gAvAnI A cAla vadhu pracalita che. A garabAmAM bahucaramAtA aMbAmAtA kALakAmAtA vagere devIonA garabA gavAtA, je A pramANe che: (1) jaya jya bahucara biradALI, jaya jaya aMbA bhavAnI mArI mA, rame krame....... re............AnaMde merI mA....." (2) "mA aMbe te ramavA nIsaryA. devI annapUrNA, mAe ze lIdho zaNagAra re ! devI annapUrNA !" (3) "mA! pAvAnI paTarANI ke kALI kALakA re lela. mA ! tAre DuMgaraDe che vAsa ke caDavu deheluM re lela." samaya jatAM zaktipUjAnA A garabAonA viSaya badalAyA, jemAM samAja Rtu kRSNabhakti vagere aneka viSaya umerAyA. gItanA viSaye badalAvAno sAthe nRtyanI paddhati paNa badalAI, eka ke be tALIthI gavAtA garabAmAM traNa ke cAra tALI ane dhIme dhIme capaTI paNa umerAI, tyAra bAda tALI-capaTInI jagyAe hAthamAM khaMjarI maMjIrA, dIvAnI thALI, baghaNAM beDAM dAMDiyA vagere aneka vastuone upayoga karI strIo garabA gAtI. atyAre gujarAtanAM mukhya zaheramAM navarAtra dhAmadhUmathI ujavAya che, paraMtu A garabAmAMthI garabAnuM mULa svarUpa lupta thatuM jAya che. navarAtri daramyAna zarUAtamAM moTI uMmaranI strIo mAtAjInA pAMca garabA gAya che. tyAra bAda moDI rAta sudhI cAlanArAM garabA-gItanA viSaya khUba badalAya che, je A pramANe che : (1) "rUDI ne raMgIlI re, vA'lA tArI vAMsaLI re lela..." (2) "dADamaDInAM kula rAtAM jhUlaNa le vaNajhArI, kUla rAtAM ne phaLa enAM lIlAM jhulaNa dhe vaNajhAro." (3) "tame eka vAra mAravADa jAje re, he mAravADA. tame mAravADanAM metIDAM lAvajo re, ho mAravADA." AjhAdI pachI moTAM zaheromAM rAsamaMDaLIo ke garabA-maMDaLIo zarU thaI. A maMDaLIoe gujarAtI garabAnuM navuM svarUpa saryuM. gujarAtI calacitromAM

Page #450
lalita kalAo 425 garabAne sAruM evuM mahatva maLyuM. AkAzavANInI zarUAta thatAM aneka prAcIna garabA prasArita thavA lAgyA. hemu gaDhavI ane avinAza vyAsanA ghaNA garabA pracalita thayA. jUnA garabAonA DhALa laIne keTalAka navA garabA racAyA. zaheromAM paLo ke zerIomAM gavAtA vartuLAkAra garabAoe Aje dIrdha laMbagoLa AkAra dhAraNa karyo che. yuvaka-yuvatio navAM navAM vastra sajIne meDI rAta sudhI garabA-rAsa gAya che. A garabA-nRtye Aje "phezana pareDIne bhAga banatA jAya che. zALA-kolejonA vArSikotsavamAM garabAne viziSTa sthAna maLatAM emAM harIphAInuM tatva umerAyuM, AthI prAcIna ane arvAcIna garabA evI be nRtya ane geya-paddhati UbhI thaI. dhIme dhIme zerIne garabe takhtA paranI 'paraphemiMga ATa'nuM svarUpa dhAraNa karato jAya che. garabe cauTuM cora choDI takhtA para Avyo eTale emAM prakAza-Ayojana pravezya. aneka vAdya ane vAjiMtra umerAyAM. garabAnI rajUAta-paddhati paNa badalAI. garabAnI rajUAta vadhu kharcALa banatI jAya che. dhIme dhIme garabe raMgabhUmino bhAga banatuM jAya che. Aje garabA navarAtra uparAMta zaradapUrNimA gaurIvrata ke vAratahevAramAM jovA maLe che. sAmAjika prasaMgomAM, khAsa karIne lagnaprasaMge, garabA karavAnI praNAlI vikasI rahI che. garabI saurASTramAM garakA jevuM ja nRtya garabI khUba pracalita che. strIo le te garabo ane puruSa le te garabI. garabA upara mAMDavA jevuM karavAmAM Ave che te mAMDavI kahevAya che.17 sAdAM pagalAM ane tALIothI samUhamAM gIta gAI goLa vartuLamAM rahI puruSo A nRtya kare che. garabInI zarUAta dayArAme karI. garabAmAM kaDIo ghaNuM hoya che ane e nirUpaNa!tmaka hoya che, jayAre garabIne ekama ghaNe nAne heya che ane TUMkI ane AtmalakSI kATenI heya che.18 rAsa gujarAtamAM garabA garabI uparAMta prAcIna kALathI cAlI AvatI rAsaparaMparA khUba pracalita che. rAsanA mukhya be ja prakAra hatAH 19 hallIsaka-rAsa ane daMDa-rAsa. Aje dAMDiyArAsa ja pracalita che. be hAthamAM dAMDiyA laI nartake sAmasAme joDamAM goLa vartuLAkAre pharatA jAya ane dAMDiyA sAmasAme ThekI joDI badalatA jaI nRtya karatA hoya che. A rAsamAM gavAtAM gItanAM be traNa udAharaNa nIce mujaba cheH

Page #451
426 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI "rAdhAjInAM UcAM madira nIcA mola... jharUkhaDe dIvA baLe re lola..." jhalaNa moralI vAgI re, rAjAnA kuMvara.. ame mahiyArA re gokula gAmanAM.." saurASTranA rAsa tAla laya gIta ane nRtyanI dRSTie deza-videzamAM khUba jokapriya banyA che. saurASTramAM rAsanA ghaNuM prakAra jovA maLe che temAM paDhAranA kaLIonA bharavADonA AyaronA kaNabIone ane mera lekonA dAMDiyArAsa vagere khUba pracalita che. paDhAro ane kaLIo dAMDiyA rAsa rame tyAre skUrtithI dAMDiyA ThekI dUra jaI UbhA rahe ane eTalI ja skRtithI pAchA bhegA thaI jAya e emanA rAsanI viziSTatA che. paDhArene maMjIrA-rAsa ane keLAene maTakI-rAsa khUba pracalita che. dara varSe surendranagara pAse taraNetarane meLo bharAya che temAM kaLaNa strIo traNa tALI letI gAtI hoya tyAre so zaraNAI sAmaTI vAgatI hoya evuM vAtAvaraNa sarjAya che. bharavADonA rAsamAM 30 thI 60 nI saMkhyAmAM strI-puruSa hoya che. emAM dAMDiyAne badale paganA tAla, aMganA AMcakA, hAthane hileALA sAthe eka strI ane eka puruSa baMne hAthe sAmasAmAM tAla detAM hoya che. A tAlArAsane eka prakAra che. kaNabIo rAsa ramatAM ramatAM svastika race, maMDaLa race, cokaDI kare. beThaka lagAve ane eka karatAM vadhu phudaraDIe phare e emanI lAkSaNiktA che. mera lekanA dAMDiyArAsamAM gIte nathI gavAtAM, paNa ekathI vadhu DhAla ane zaraNAIo vAgatI hoya che. emanA dAMDiyA talavAranI jema vIMjhAya ane phUdaraDI pharatAM-pharatAM traNathI cAra phUTa teo UMcA UchaLe che. addabhuta vIra ane raudra rasanI chaTAo khUba suMdara rIte teo UbhI kare che. Itara prakAro rAsa uparAMta saurASTramAM hama, TITADe, topacI, luvara vagere nRtye paNa pracalita che. gepha-gUMthaNa ahIMnuM viziSTa kRtya che. 24 gUMthaNI e A nRtyanuM mukhya aMga bane che. ragita kApaDanI paTTIo ke jADI raMgIna derIo chata uparanI eka kaDImAMthI pasAra karI gucchamAM bAMdhI de che ane ene eka eka cheDo nIce samUhamAM vartaLAkAre UbhelA nRtyakAronA hAthamAM hoya che. have nRtyakAro nRtyamAM e rIte halana-calana kare ke upara rahelI derIonI aMdara gUMthaNI baMdhAya; pharI pAchA UMdhI dizAmAM phare, jethI nRtyanA aMtamAM gUMthaNI chUTI jAya. A nRtya puruSe paNa karatA hoya che. rAsa sivAya eka anya nRtya rAsaDA tarIke

Page #452
lalita kalAo 427 oLakhAya che te garabA jevo ja eka prakAra che, jemAM strIo tALIo ane capaTI vagADatI judI judI rIte AkAre karatI nRtya karatI hoya che. kALI ane bharavADamAM strI-puruSe rAsaDA sAthe le che. gujarAtanAM nRtyamAM nAkhI bhAta pADatuM zramajIvIonuM nRtya te TipaNI che. jyAM koI ghara caNAtuM hoya tyAM taLanI sapATI kaThaNuM ane samathaLa karavA TippaNathI TIpavAmAM Ave che. majUra strIo A nRtya karatI veLAe Dhola sAthe gAI tAlabaddha rIte TippaNuM jamIna para pachADatI nRtya kare che. gujarAtanAM anya nRtyamAM AgavA mAMDavI jAga ane rUmAla vagere jANItAM che. narmadAne kAMThe eka nRtyamAM puruSe lAMbI lAkaDIo para ghUgharA bAMdhI lAkaDIone eka cheDe hAthamAM rAkhI nRtya kare che. amadAvAdanI ThAkaraDA kAmamAM navarAtra-utsava daramyAna strIo mAthe mahADa ke mAMDavI rAkhI DholI sAthe ghUmatI nRtya karatI hoya che. mahADa ke mAMDavo jevuM ja bIju nRtya jAganRtya" che, jemAM mAthe nAnA nAnA mAMDavI AkAranA jaga laI vartuLAkAramAM strIo pharatI hoya che. paDhArone eka nRtyamAM pura hAthamAM dAMDiyA jevI aMzataH dhAtunI ane aMzataH lAkaDAnI banelI lAkaDI ThekI dhAtunA athaDAvAne ane lAkaDInA athaDAvAne ema be jAtanA judA judA avAjo karI nRtya karatA hoya che. 25 gujarAtanAM badhAM nRtyamAM ane khI bhAta pADatuM nRtya "merAyo banAsakAMThAnA meLAomAM jovA maLe che. ke A merA nRtyanuM bahu jANItuM gIta A pramANe che: he...heDe 'lyA merayAra meLe gheDAliyuM ghamake se; heDa heDe mAtAne meLe, gheDAliyuM ghamake se." A uparAMta saurASTranA jaMbura gAmamAM AvI vaselA AphrikAnA sIdIo DhalakAnI dhamAla sAthe vartuLAkAre nRtya kare che tyAre jANe AphrikA khaDuM karI de che.27 lokanRtya gujarAtamAM nRtya-paraMparA ghaNuM prAcIna che. e dhArmika ane sAmAjika tahevAre-utsava sAthe paraMparAgata rIte ghaniSTapaNe saMkaLAyelI che. A nRtyamAM prAdezika vaividhya ghaNuM che. saurASTranAM lokanRtyanA prakAromAM ghaNuM vaividhya jaLavAyuM che. sAtamaAThama navarAtri dazerA heLI jevA

Page #453
karI AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI dhArmika tahevAre haya, putrajanma ke lagna jevA sAmAjika prasaMga hoya ke khetaramAM vAvaNuM ke laNaNIne avasara heya, garabA rAsa ke thI gAmanA coka ane sImanAM khetare paDaghAtAM heya ja. | gujarAtanA vividha AdivAsIomAM nRtyanI eka viziSTa ane vaividhya bharI paraMparA che. emanAM nRtyamAM vizeSataH dhArmika zraddhA ane AnaMdane bhAva vyakta thAya che. 28 heLI, dazerA, divALI vagere tahevAroe AdivAsI vistAromAM bharAtA moTA meLAomAM ughADI talavAra laIne nRtya karatA bhalenuM nRtya A kalAne utkRSTa namUno che.29 surata DAMga bharUca vaDodarA paMcamahAla banAsakAMThA ane sAbarakAMThAnA bhIlemAM paNa ghaNuM moTI vaividhya sAthe nRtyanI paraMparA haju Aje paNa yathAvat jaLavAI rahI che. bhIle uparAMta surata jillAnA dUbaLA lekenuM gheraiyA nRtya tathA kuMkaNuM ke koMkaNuM AdivAsIonuM bhavADAnRtya tADapAnRtya thALI-phaMDInRtya mAdaDanRtya vagere bahu jANItAM che. gujarAtanA anya AdivAsIomAM vAralI, gAmIta, nAyaka-nAyakaDA, keTivALiyA dehaDiyA bAvaDiyA pAraNiyA vagerenA nRtya--prakAro Aje paNa jovA maLe che. A uparAMta caudharI DhoLakeLI kADI ane bAvacA AdivAsIonI nRtya-zailIo noMdhapAtra che. zAstrIya nRtya gujarAtamAM A nRtya sAthe A ja arasAmAM zAstrIya nRtya-praNAlIno paNa zarUAta thayelI jaNAya che. AnA mULamAM te te pradezanI lekanRtyazailI rahelI che. gujarAta-saurASTramAM ATalAM badhAM lekanRtya hovA chatAM enI kaI ziSTa nRtyazailIne vikAsa thayo nathI e eka AzcaryakAraka bAbata che. gujarAtamAM dakSiNa bhArata, pUrva bhArata ane uttara bhAratanI nRtyazailIo pravezI ane ene vikAsa thaze. gujarAta ane saurASTranAM dezI rAjyanA protsAhanathI vaDodarA ane saurASTranA pradezomAM zAstrIya nRtyane tAlImavarga paNa zarU thayA. gujarAtanI keTalIka AgaLa paDatI zikSaNa-saMsthAoe paNa zALAomAM nRtyazikSaNanA varga zarU karyA. zrImaMta kuTuMbamAM kanyAone nRtyanI tAlIma ApavAnI paraMparA vikasI hatI. vaDodarAnA mahArAjAe 1948 mAM nRtyazALA zarU karI hatI. rAjakoTamAM 1953 mAM saurASTra saMgIta nATaka akAdamI dvArA kathakanRtyanI tAlImanA khAsa varga zarU thayA hatA ane pAMca varSane "vizArada' sudhI abhyAsakrama ghaDAyo hato. 1960 sudhImAM maNipurI nRtyanAM jhaverIbahene ane ku. savitAbena nAnajI mahetA, kathakanAM damayaMtI jozI, praphulla paTela, bharata

Page #454
lalita kalAo 429 nATayamanAM subhalakSmI ane zrImatI lIlA gaDakara vagerenAM nRtyo raja thayAM hatAM. amadAvAdamAM elisabrija Arogya samitinA saMgIta nRtya niketananA upakrame 1938 thI lagabhaga 1950 sudhI vividha nRtyazailIthI mizrita evAM nRtya sAmAnya janatA mATe jatAM rahyAM A sadInA 5 mA-6 dAyakA daramyAna zaheromAM zrImaMta ane ucca madhyama varganAM kuTuMbamAM zAstrIya nRtyonI tAlIma levAnI sabhAnatA keLavAI. muMbaI vaDodarA rAjakoTa ane amadAvAdamAM bharatanATayama, maNipurI kathakala kucIpuDI kathakalI vagere nRtyaparaMparAnuM zikSaNa zarU thayuM. vaDodarAmAM kuberanAtha tArakara, aMjalibahena meDha, amadAvAdamAM mRNAlinI sArAbhAI, cAtunI pAnIkara vagere nRtyavidoe judI judI saMsthAo dvArA nRtyanI tAlIma ApavI zarU karI. zrImatI mRNAlinI sArAbhAIe amadAvAdamAM 1949mAM "darpaNa" nAmanI saMsthA zarU karI. zarUAtamAM nRtyanA kAryakrama ApavA zarU karyA ane thoDAM varSa bAda tAlImavarga paNa zarU karyA. 1960mAM gujarAta rAjya saMgIta nATaka akAdamInI sthApanA thatAM lokanRtyamaMDaLIone ane zAstrIya nRtyanI tAlIma ApatI saMsthAone rAjya sarakAra grAnTa ApI nRtyaparaMparAne jIvaMta rAkhavA prayatnazIla che. 4. nATayakalA : vyavasAyI ane avetana gujarAtanA itihAsanA A samayagALAmAM chellA pAMca dAyakAomAM nATyakalAH vyavasAyI ane avetana tathA raMgabhUmine je vikAsa thayo che te jotAM kahI zakAya ke bhAratanA koI paNa bIjA pradezanI sarakhAmaNImAM A kSetramAM gujarAta UNuM rahyuM nathI. chellA pAMca dAyakAomAM raMgabhUmi upara je nATake raja thayAM teonAM mathALAM ane viSayavastu jotAM kahI zakAya ke gujarAtanI raMgabhUmi jagatanI raMgabhUminI samAMtare cAlI che. be vizvayuddhone kAraNe mAnavasamAjamAM je parivartana AvyuM ane manuSyane je paristhitine sAmane karavAne Avyo tenuM pratibiMba A nATakamAM paDeluM jovA maLe che. pazcimanI sabhyatAnA paricayathI je kalAvAda ane nAsvarUpa bhAratamAM vikasyAM tene paDagho gujarAtanI abhinayakalA ane raMgamaMcanI kalA para paDyo che. A gALAmAM vaDodarAmAM ma. sa. yunivarsiTInI phAIna ArTIsa phekalTImAM nATyavidyAno abhyAsakrama zarU thayu temaja amadAvAdamAM gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM nATyavidyA-maMdiranI sthApanA thaI, svataMtratA bAda jUnA muMbaI rAjayamAM sarakAra taraphathI saMgIta-nATaka akAdamInI sthApanA thaI. saurASTramAM paNa

Page #455
430 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI saMgIta nATaka akAdamInI sthApanA thaI, zrI caMdravadana mahetA jevA kuzaLa naTa digdarzaka ane raMgadevatAnA AjIvana upAsaka gujarAtane maLyA, zrI jayazaMkarabhAI bhojaka (suMdarI) jUnI raMgabhUmimAMthI nivRtta thaIne gujarAta vidyAsabhAmAM nATyavidyAmaMdiranA niyAmaka tarIke joDAyA, muMbaImAM InDiyana nezanala thiyeTaranI sthApanA, gujarAtI raMgabhUminI zatAbdI vakhate gujarAtI nATayamaMDaLanI sthApanA ane "gujarAtI nATaya" nAmanA mAsikanuM prakAzana, gujarAtanI yunivarsiTIo ane kaeNlejomAM ujavAtA yuvaka-mAvo ane vArSi ketsanA rasesa, ityAdi paribaLAe A samayagALAnI gujarAtanI nATyapravRttine jIvaMta rAkhI che. AphrikAthI 1914 mAM rASTrapitA mohanadAsa karamacaMda gAMdhInuM bhAratamAM Agamana e bhAratanA ane gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsanI mahatvanI ghaTanA gaNAya che. bhAratamAM AvIne emaNe je svAtaMtra prApti mATenI rASTriya caLavaLa upADI te mATe emaNe svadezI cIja-vastuone Agraha ane harijana-uddhArane mahatva ApyuM. enuM pratibiMba gujarAtI nATakomAM paDeluM jovA maLe che. dezI nATaka samAja dvArA bhajavAyelA kavizrI prabhulAla dvivedInAM "aruNodaya 'sarvodaya svAzraya" temaja zrI zivakumAra jozInuM "aMdhArAM uleco' ityAdi udAharaNarUpe ahIM TAMkI zakAya. reTiyA ane svadezI dvArA dezoddhArane rASTrapitA gAMdhIne vicAra raMgabhUminAM nATakanAM gItamAM paNa jhilAye che. "navacetana" nATakanA eka gItanI paMkti A pramANe che : "rUDe reTiye re! amArA reTiye re . karaze deza taNe uddhAra." rASTrapitA gAMdhIjInI rASTriya aikyanI bhAvane zrI manahara varatejavALAnA nATaka "svadezasevA'nA eka gItamAM A pramANe jhilAI cheH ame sau eka jhADanI DALa, nathI judAI - ame sau bhAI, hiMdu musalamAna, pArasI yahUdI, khristI jAta aneka; jAta judI rahI che. amArI, paNa aMtara che eka .. ame." aMgrejonI gulAmImAMthI mukta thavA gAMdhIjIe je dAMDIkUca AraMbhI tene paDaze paNa zrI devadatta tArakasanA nATaka "vijayaDaMkomAM paDele jaNAya che. A nATakanA eka gItanI paMkti A pramANe gavAtI :

Page #456
lalita kalAo 431 "sAgarane tIra rUDA sabasa saMgrAma rUDA sabarasa saMgrAma, mAracA maMDANA dharmayuddhanA !" sane 1931mAM bAbubhAI ejhAe nyAyAdhIza' nATaka lakhyu. jemAM eka gItanA zabdo hatA : gAMdhI tuM Aja hikA zAna bana gayA, sArI jahAM kAmakA abhimAna bana gayA, tuM dAsta hai hara kAmakA dila ajhIjha hai, terI kalAma mahukhI pharamAna bana gayA. A samayagALAmAM vyavasAyI raMgabhUminI paDatIdazA ane eNmaeNcyaoNra arthAt avetana raMgabhUmine udaya jovA maLe che. raMgabhUminA savetana ke avetana bheda pADavA yogya nathI, raMgabhUmi eTale raraMgabhUmi, raraMgabhUmi e prajAnI sa'skAritAne mApadaMDa che. kAI paNa samAjanI sArI-narasI pravRtti, samAjamAM rahetA manuSyanI saMskRti vikRti, mUlye ane bhAvanAonuM parivartana ityAdi bhAkhatA enI raMgabhUmi para bhajavAtAM nATakAmAMthI vizeSa jANI zakAya che. gujarAtanI vyavasAyI eTale ke dhoMdhAdArI raMgabhUminA udbhava vikAsa ane patananA traNa tabakkA pADI zakAya : (1) udbhava ane vikAsa-I. sa. 1852 thI I. sa. 1870 (2) samRddhinA vikAsane carameAtka-I. sa. 1870 thI 1920 (3) samRddhinAM AthamatAM ajavALAM-I. sa. 1920 thI I. sa. 1950 gujarAtanA sAMskRtika itihAsanA A samayagALAmAM gujarAta-saurASTramAM lagabhaga 150 jeTalI nAnI-meATI nATaka--ma`DaLIe maravAnA vAMke jIvI rahI hatI. meATI nATakama`DaLIemAMthI chUTA thayelA ke nivRtta thayelA naTAe peAtAnI nAnI maMDaLIe zarU karI hatI, jemAM bhAre Arthika khATa AvavAthI eee hAthe karIne barabAdIne mA` pasaMda karyA hatA. bhavya seTigsa, prakAzanA ane vezabhUSAnA bhabhakA, urdU raMgabhUminuM AMdhaLu anukaraNa, khetabAjI, nATakama`DaLInA mAlikAnI dhaMdhAdArI manevRtti, pazcimanI ra`gabhUminI asara, naTAnI vadhAre pagAra meLavavAnI lAbhavRtti, eNmacyAra sasthAone janma, ityAdine kAraNe gujarAtanI dhaMdhAdArI raMgabhUmine maraNutAla phaTako paDayo. zarUAtamAM mU'gAM ane pachI kheAlatAM citrapaTAe enA rahyAsahyA zvAsane rUMdhI nAMkhyA. eka

Page #457
43ra AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI samaye je raMgabhUminI jAherajalAlI enI pratiSThAnI caramasImAe pahoMcI hatI te raMgabhUmi abhraSTa-bhraSTa banI gaI. Ama chatAM A raMgabhUmie enA kaTakaTInA samayamAM paNa keTalAMka uttama nATake naTe digadarzake ane saMgItakAro ApyA enI nedha lIdhA vinA A ItihAsa adhUro gaNAze. vyavasAyI raMgabhUminI A nATakamaMDaLIonI vigate "gujarAtI nATya"mAM prasiddha thayelI lekhamALA 'itihAsanI dRSTie jenuM saMpAdanakArya zrI jayaMtIlAla ra. trivedIe karyuM che tenA parathI temaja rasakavi raghunAtha brahmabhaTTanI AtmakathA "smaraNamaMjarI" zrI prabhulAla trivedInAM saMsmaraNonuM pustaka "raMgadevatAne caraNe ane emane kAvyasaMgraha borasalI, zrI jayazaMkara suMdarInI AtmakathA "DAMka AMsu ceDAMka phUla', zrI amRta jAnInI AtmakathA "abhinayapaMthe' ane zrI prAgajI DosAnA,' takhate bole che' : bhAga 1-2 ItyAdi parathI prApta thAya che. A nATakamaMDaLIone silasilAbaMdha AdhArabhUta itihAsa lakhavAnuM bAkI che. vIsamI sadInA prathama cha dAyakAomAM je nATakamaMDaLIo gujarAta-saurASTramAM nATaka bhajavatI hatI te badhInAM nAma ahIM ApavAM megya nathI, paraMtu je maMDaLIo lAMbe samaya TakI rahI hoya teone ulekha jarUrI che. A nATaka maMDaLIomAM vikaToriyA nATaka maMDaLI, AphreDa nATaka maMDaLI, nyU AphreiDa nATaka maMDaLI, muMbaI gujarAtI nATaka maMDaLI, dha khaTAu AgheDa thiyeTrikala kampanI, dha khaTAu thiyeTrikala kampanI, Arya subodha nATaka maMDaLI, pAlItANA bhaktipradarzaka nATaka kampanI, zrI dezI nATaka samAja, zrI kaccha nItidarzaka nATaka samAja, zrI lakSamIkAMta nATaka samAja, nyU lakSmIkAMta nATaka samAja, Aryananaitika nATaka samAja, zrI vAMkAnera Arya hitavardhaka nATaka kampanI, zrI cetana nATaka samAja, zrI saroja nATaka samAja, zrI Aryodaya nATaka samAja, zrI dharmapracAraka nATaka samAja, zrI lakSamI kalA keMdra ityAdine gaNAvI zakAya. A nATakamaMDaLIo dhArmika paurANika aitihAsika ane sAmAjika nATaka bhajavatI hatI. A badhI nATakamaMDaLIomAM bhajavAtAM nATakanI vigato ApavI jarUrI nathI, paraMtu keTalIka beMdhapAtra nATakamaMDaLIomAM bhajavatAM nATakonI yAdI ahIM ApI che ke jethI kathAvastune khyAla Ave H zrI muMbaI gujarAtI nATaka maMDaLI kulina kAMtA athavA vanarAja vijaya, zAkuMtala, harizcaMdra, rAjabIja, kuMdALA, naLa-damayaMtI, mAnasiMha, suMdara veNI, duHkhI bhAIbahena, mevADane

Page #458
lalita kalAo 433 pratApI caMda, lalitAduHkhadarzaka, mULarAja solaMkI, karaNa ghele bArIsTara, jayarAja, nRsiMha avatAra, tilakakumAra, ajakumArI, medinI, saubhAgya suMdarI, vikramacaritra, jugala-jugArI, kAmalatA, naMdabatrIsI, saMgatane raMga, navalazA hIrajI, vasaMtaprabhA, navalakusuma, pratApalakSmI, snehasaritA, madhubaMsarI, sudhAcaMdra, meghamAlinI, vizvalIlA, AnaMdalaharI, bhArata saMtAna, saubhAgyane siMha, madAMdha mahilA yAne nUrajahAna, kumaLI kaLI, jamAnAne raMga, taruNanA taraMga, kAzmIranuM prabhAta, kolejanI kanyA, kudaratane nyAya, apa-Tu-DeTa mavAlI, svAmI bhakti yAne bAju dezapAMDe, kImiyAgara, kuTila rAjanIti, karma saMjoga, kAryasiddhi, jenTalamena DAku, raNusamrAjJI, koNa samrATa ?, kaMcanakumArI, konI mahattA ? kIrtivijaya, jaMjIrane jhaNakAre, saccA hIrA, muMbaInI badI, ghelI guNiyala, kevo badamAsa re, kirITakumAra, nepoliyana, jobananA jAdu, zetaraMjanA dAva, garIbanAM AMsu, siMhAsanane zekha, samaraprabhA, zrImaMta ke zetAna che, kemI nizAna, sikaMdara, sinemAnI suMdarI, sukhI saMsAra, rAjAdhirAja, sukanyA, sAvitrI, kalaMkita koNa?, kartavyane paMthe, khAviMdane khAtara, bhaktarAja, aMbarISa. A nATaka maMDaLIe bhajavela "kamalatA ane saubhAgya suMdarI bahu kapriya banyAM hatAM. "saubhAgya suMdarI' nATakamAM zrI jyazaMkara bhUdharadAsa bhojake suMdarInI saphaLa bhUmikA bhajavI ane "suMdarI' tarIke prasiddha pAmyA, kAmalattA' nATakamAM emaNe kAmalatAnI ane bApulAla nAyake mInatanI saphaLa bhUmikA bhajavI. kAmalatA ane mInaketunI praNayagoSThinuM dazya ahIM prasiddha karavAmAM AvyuM che. (juo paTTa 11, A. 33.) zrI dezI nATaka samAja satI saMyuktA, saMgIta lIlAvatI, pavitra lIlAvatI, satI pArvatI, azrumatI, rAmaviyoga. bhojakumAra, saradArabA, umAdevaDI, vINAvelI, vijayAviya, madanamaMjarI, udayabhANa, mehinIaMka, vikamaLA, gItAsuMdarI, satI sItA, zrI bhadrAyu, satI draupadI, kabIrasAhaba, zrI saMnyAsI, jAlima TreliyA, satI padminI, ajitasiMha. kulIna nAyakA, satI damayaMtI, satI sulocanA, kezara kizora, subhadrAharaNa, urvazI, rATheDa kanyA, pavitra lakSmI, vIra vikramAditya, kusamalatA, haMsAkumArI, guNabaMkAvalI, abhayasiMha, karmaphaLa, narasiMha mahetA, zeTha sagALazA, kRSNa-sudAmA, mahAkavi kAlidAsa, rAjaratana, prahUlAda-vijaya, kaurava-pAMDava bhAga 28

Page #459
434 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 1-2, jAlaMdara-satI vaMdA, lalitapriyA, sauMdaryavijaya, satI devahUti, mahArAjA azoka, asarI mAyA, sararavatIcaMdra, bolate kAgaLa jamAne, siddhArtha buddha, dagAbAja duniyA, mAyAvI vIra, dharmaniSTha mayUradhvaja, Aryavijaya, amara gIndra, pratApI premIlA, cIDamAM karaNa, kAmalattA, satyavAdI harizcaMdra, dezabhakti, bevaphA beTI, mInaLamuMjAla, rAjasaMsAra, dezadIpaka, dIvAna, sattAne mada, kIrtistaMbha, ayadhArA, vIrabhUSaNa, vIra maNuM, devI hAthala, sAMbhararAja, soraThIsiMha, AryaabaLA, vidhinA khela, sAco sajajana, Ugate bhAnu, vaDIlanA vAMke, gaMgA kinAre, daivI saMketa, saMpatti mATe, suramohinI, saMsAranA raMga, saMtAnA vAMke, samaya sAthe, baMdhanamukti, samara kesarI, vIra durgAdAsa, paiso bole che, gADAne bela, zaMbhumeLo, sAme pAra, sAvitrI, nehavibhUti, gopInAtha. sainika garbhazrImaMta, surekhA, sonAne sUraja, vimaLa ti, vaibhavanA mAha, guru-dakSiNa, ughADI AMkhe. zrI pAlItANA bhaktipradarzaka nATaka kaMpanI vIra tAnAjI, strIzakti, saMsAracitra, rAva bahAdura, snehabaMdhana, jAgIradAra, raNakesarI, netAjI pAlakara, murArI bAjI, dezadarzana, Arya ramaNI, dehanAM dAna, kRSNakumArI, saralAdevI, mahAtmA bhISma, vIra abhimanyu, soraThane siMha, saMgha kAThiye, mejI mahArAja (chakelo bAjIrAva), anArakalI, mahArAjA muMja, bhakta prahUlAda, vIra pratijJA, varahAka, pRthvIrAja, naLa-dayaMtI, kuMjavihArI, pitRbhakta zAMtikara, satI anasUyA, rukimaNI svayaMvara, pirasa siMkadara, rAThoDa durgAdAsa, rAmAyaNa, senAnI samazera, gohelanAM gaurava, snehanAM zahIda, rANInuM rAjya. satI UjaLI, rAjaramata, mAthAnAM dAna, sattAne zokha, zayatAna zatru, nArInAM vera, devayAnI, zUrAnA saMgrAma, satI prabhAva, gunegAra, rAjyabhakti, draupadI, mardanI mahattA, bhAgyacakra, patibhakti, nyAyAdhIza, nUrajahAM, bhakta dAmAjI, samAjanA saDA, kAku bahAravaTiye, vIrAMganA, bhAratanI bhavyatA, kImatI kurabAnI, nAgara narasiMha, maI muslima, garIbanAM AMsu ityAdi. zrI lakSmIkAMta nATaka samAja vIra ghaTotkaca, kumArapAla, zaMkarAcArya, vIra kuNAla, kusumacaMdra, pRthvIputra, satya prakAza, abajanAM baMdhana, mAlatImAdhava, rAjA jazavaMtasiMha, aruNodaya, pRthvIrAja, devakumArI, mAlavapati, sirAjuddaulA, daulate jaMga, saMsAra sAgara, snehamudrA, zAlivAhana, mAyAnA raMga, merA ImAna, premavijaya ityAdi.

Page #460
lalita kalAo 435 zrI Arya naitika nATaka samAja bedhArI taravAra, brahmarSi vizvAmitra, sarojinI, parazurAma, indrAvatI, sarasvatIcaMdra, satI torala, putraratna puMDalika, satI padmAvatI, sUryakumArI, svadezasevA, rA mAMDalika chatravijaya, sUradAsa, zrI bhaktivijaya, surekhAharaNa, nIlama mANeka, nAgara bhakta, yogakanyA, manaharamenA, johare zamazIra, zrI jayamatI, urvazI-purUravA, kanaka-kesarI, vizvapremI kalApI, amaralamI, pIpA bhagata, hethala padmiNa, jesala-torala, bIrabala bAdazAha, pravINasAgara, rAjalIlA, mahArAjA zAMtanuM, mAlavikAgnimitra, vIra durgAdAsa, satI maMjarI, mahAzvetA-kAdaMbarI, rAjA zaMbhAjI, saMsAra-lIlA, sevakadharma ityAdi. zrI Arya nATaka maMDaLI vIra ajita, jyAkumArI, ahalyAbAI, siddha atyendra, caMdragupta, vIrakesarI, svayaMvara, babruvAhana, AtmabaLa, samrATa azoka, nyAyasiMdhu, dharmaza, satI savitA, raMgataraMga, bhAratavIra, vIra ramaNI, megha-madhurI, gamAyA, mahAtmA tulasIdAsa, jIvananaukA, mahAdajI siMde, manoramA, saurASTra vIra vagere. thiyeTare ane nATakazALAo urdU, pArasI ane gujarAtI raMgabhUmine sUrya jyAre madhyAhane prakAza hato tyAre A samayagALAmAM nATaka bhajavavA mATe muMbaI amadAvAda surata vagere meTAM nagaromAM thiyeTaro bAMdhavAmAM AvyAM; jemake muMbaImAM bAlIvAlA thiyeTara, viTAriyA thiyeTara, bhAMgavADI thiyeTara, prinsesa thiyeTara, geITI thiyeTara, eDavarDa thiyeTara, bombe thiyeTara ityAdi, amadAvAdamAM bhAratabhuvana, AnaMdabhuvana, zAMtibhuvana, mAsTara bhuvana ItyAdi suratamAM kavIna vikaTAriyA thiyeTara, rja thiyeTara, prinsesa thiyeTara, sUryaprakAza thiyeTara ityAdi, jUnAgaDhamAM vaNajhArI thiyeTara ane kAlavA thiyeTara; rAjakoTamAM lakSamIbhuvana; goMDaLamAM bhAgavata maMDapa thiyeTara; porabaMdaramAM zrInAthajI thiyeTara; vaDodarAmAM merakhI thiyeTara, vAMkAnera thiyeTara, vijayaraMga thiyeTara, rAmavijaya thiyeTara ityAdi, bhAvanagaramAM vijayaraMga, thiyeTara; kalolamAM viSNu thiyeTara vagere. je nagara ke gAmamAM thiyeTara na hoya tyAM vAMsanA ane patarAMnA kAcA mAMDavA bAMdhI kAmacalAu thiyeTara UbhAM karavAmAM AvatAM. samaya jatAM I. sa. 1930 pachI calacitronuM AkramaNa thatAM nATakanA vyavasAyane mATe phaTako paDyo ane nATaka bhajavavA mATe bAMdhavAmAM AvelAM thiyeTara sinemAgRhamAM parivartana pAmyAM!

Page #461
436 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI A samayagALAmAM dakSiNa-gujarAta, saurASTra ane kacchamAM je dezI rAjyo hatAM teomAMnAM keTalAka rAjyanA rAjavIo nATakanA zokhIna hovAthI teo e nAnI-meTI nATakazALAo potapotAnA rAjyamAM sthApI hatI. dezI rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa thatAM A nATakazALAone upayoga hAIskUla ke sarakArI kacerIo mATe thavA lAge ! vyavasAyI raMgabhUminAM ajavALAM AthamatAM hatAM te varSomAM paNa lagabhaga 150 jeTalI nAnI-moTI nATaka maMDaLIomAM Azare cAra hajAra jeTalA kalAkAro ane kasabIonuM piSaNa thatuM hatuM. nATaka maMDaLIo gujarAta bahAra kalakattA karAMcI haidarAbAda dilhI ane eka raMgUna sudhI pitAnAM nATaka bhajavatI hatI, paraMtu be vizvayuddhone kAraNe je Arthika barabAdI duniyAnA dezamAM thaI tenI asara bhArata para paNa thaI. Arthika bhIMsamAMthI UgaravA mATe keTalIka nATayamaMDaLInA mAlike saTTAne vepAra karavA lalacAyA hatA, jemAM teo barabAda thaI gayA ane pitAnI nATaka maMDaLIonuM devuM vadhI javAthI Akhare e mAmUlI kiMmatamAM vecI detA athavA sameTI letA hatA. nATaka maMDaLIo baMdha thavAthI raMgabhUminI varSo sudhI sevA karanAra naTanI sthiti Arthika rIte kapheDI thaI gaI. pariNAme teone bahu ochA pagAre ke rojamadArInA ghAraNe rAmalIlA ke gAmaDAomAM pharatI nAnI nATaka maMDaLIomAM majabUrIthI joDAvAnI pharaja paDI. naTo ane digdarzako A samayagALAmAM vyavasAyI nATaka maMDaLIone je na maLyA te moTe bhAge uttara gujarAtamAM vasatI nAyaka-bhojaka kAmamAMthI AvyA hatA, jemane gAyana vAdana ane nartana e paraMparAgata vAraso hate. A komanA naTonA abhinaya vize lakhatAM cho. rasikalAla cho. parIkha jaNAve che ke gujarAtamAM abhinaya e viziSTa rIte vikaselI kalA che. A vikAsanA ItihAsamAM joIe te prathama e bAbata dhyAna upara Ave che ke enA mULamAM kemane vArase che, peDhI-dara-peDhIe UtarI AvatA abhinayanA saMskAra temaja saMgItanA saMskAra bIjarUpe che. nRtya paNa e ja kAmamAM UtarI AvelI kalA che. A koma te gujarAtanI prasiddha nAyaka-bhojaka kema che."34 nAyaka-bhojaka kema uparAMta brAhmaNa paTela bAroTa mIra musalamAna vagere kAmomAMthI paNa keTalAka khyAtanAma naTa gujarAtanI raMgabhUmine prApta thayA che. vIsamI sadInI zarUAtamAM sAmAjika saMkucita manovRttine kAraNe strIo raMgamaMca para AvavAmAM bhAre kSobha anubhavatI

Page #462
lalita kalAo 437 hatI tyAre puruSa strI-pATha bhajavatA hatA. A naTa kizora ane juvAna hAya tyAM sudhI strIpAThamAM sArA lAgatA hatA, paraMtu jyAre vRddha thaI jAya ane avAja paDI jAya tyAre emane strI pAtravALe abhinaya vara lAgatA hatA. Ama chatAM keTalAka puruSa naTa emaNe bhajavelI strI-bhUmikA uparathI je te nAme oLakhAtA hatA; dA.ta. jayazaMkara suMdarI, prabhAzaMkara ramaNI', trIkama kumudI, somanAtha "kalyANI', bhegIlAla "mAlatI, aMbAlAla "cAMdabIbI', raNachoDa "jamanA jhApaTe' ityAdi. samaya jatAM naTIoe vyavasAyI raMgabhUmi upara abhinaya karavAnI hiMmata karI ane strI pAtronI vAstavikatA zarU thaI. AvI naTIomAM gauhara motIjAna, munnIbAI, motIbAI, kamaLAbAI karNATakI, sarasvatI devI, rAmapyArI, rUpakamala, rANI premalatA, kusuma ThAkara ityAdie aneka nATakamAM saphaLa abhinaya karIne prekSakenI cAhanA meLavI hatI. emanA kaMThe gavAyelAM gIte Aje paNa vyavasAyI raMgabhUminA rasiyA prekSaka vAgoLatAM thAktA nathI. vIsamI sadInA pAMca dAyakAomAM je naTo gujarAtI raMgabhUmine maLyA teomAM pArasI naTa uparAMta gujarAtI hiMdu naTomAM sarvazrI jayazaMkara "suMdarI', bApulAla bI. nAyaka, mULacaMda (mAmA), saMgItaratna bhagavAnadAsa, mehanalAlA, asaraphakhAna, vAghajIbhAI ojhA, mULajIbhAI ojhA, maganalAla zAmacaMda nAyaka (mAsTara zani), prANasukha nAyaka (tetara), mAsTara goradhana, mAsTara vasaMta, mohana mAravADI, cimana mAravADI, zivalAla giradhara (kAmika), kezavalAla (sarasvatIcaMdra), mULajI khuzAla, prabhAzaMkara "ramaNa', prANasukha "eDIle', seminAtha kalyANI mAsTara mehana, sUrajarAma (spe. sudarI), cimana kemika, cimana cakuDo, mAsTara kAsamabhAI mIra, kezava mIra, dAdujIbhAI mIra, phatucha mIra, mAsTara babaladAsa bhojaka, lAlajI naMdA, mAsTara delata, bhogIlAla mAlatI', cUnIlAla durgAdAsa', baladevadAsa prabhAzaMkara (kALI kela), chagana "romiyo', kezavalAla premacaMda, raNachoDa "jamanA jhApaTa, jaTAzaMkara, kezavalAla kapAtara. ratilAla paTela, zaMkaralAla goviMdarAma (koleja garla), amRta jAnI ityAdine gaNAvI zakAya. takhtA upara judAM judAM nATakomAM A naTo je saMvAde belatA ane gIta gAtA tenI prekSake upara dhArI asara paDatI hatI. A samayagALAmAM judI judI nATaka maMDaLIone je digdarzaka maLyA temAM jayazaMkara suMdarI', bApulAla bI. nAyaka, mUlacaMda (mAmA), viThThaladAsa tribhovanadAsa bhojaka, maganalAla zAmacaMda nAyaka (mAsTara zani), mAsTara trIkama, mULajI khuzAla, prANasukha eDIle, gopALajI bhejarAja, rAmalAla

Page #463
438 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vallabharAma nAyaka, vAghajIbhAI ane mULajIbhAI ojhA, caMpaka lAlA, mAsTara kAsamabhAI mIra, babuprasAda kacarAlAla, zivalAla nAyaka ityAdi nAme ulekhapAtra che. A digdarzake naTone gAyana vAdana nartana ane abhinayanI tAlIma ApavA mATe yogya vyavasthA karAvatA hatA. navA nATakanuM riharsala karAvatI vakhate teo satata hAjara rahetA hatA ane nATakanI saphaLatA mATe potAnAthI banate puruSArtha karatA hatA. Ama chatAM keTalAMka nATaka lehacAhanAnI dRSTie saphaLa thatAM hatAM, te keTalAMka sariyAma niSphaLa paNa jatAM hatAM. kALabaLe nATaka kampanInA mAlike ane digdarza kemAM dhaMdhAdArIvRtti vadhatI gaI ane binataMdurasta spardhAone kAraNe vyavasAyI nATaka kampanIo ane nAnI paDatI dazA thaI. AthamatAM ajavALAM | gujarAtanI vyavasAyI raMgabhUmi se varSanuM pUruM AyuSa bhegavI zakI nahi e gujarAtanA nAyakalAnA ItihAsanI karuNa dAstAna che. sane 1935 mAM zatAbdInI UjavaNI vakhate je nATaka maMDaLIo chellA zvAsa laI rahI hatI teomAMthI muMbaInI dezI nATaka samAja bacI zakI ane ene paNa Akhare karuNa aMjAma AvyuM. nATaka maMDaLIonI gaLAkApa binataMdurasta spardhA, nATaya-digdarza kemAM dUraMdezIpaNane abhAva, kharcALa seTiMgsa, DhaMgadhaDA vinAnA pizAka ane prakAzanA bhapakA, naTa-naTIone kRtrima abhinaya, naTanI ane nATaka maMDaLIonA mAlikanI vepAravRtti, naTomAM abhinaya aMgenI gerasamaja temaja nATaka maMDaLI pratye niSThAne abhAva, calacitronuM AkramaNa, prajAnI rucinuM badalAtuM jatuM gheraNa ityAdi kAraNone laIne gujarAtanI vyavasAyI raMgabhUmine mRtyughaMTa vAge. Ama chatAM enAM nATakanAM saMvAda ane gIte, naTa-naTIone abhinaya ityAdi bAbatonuM saMbhAraNuM raMgabhUminA rasiyA prekSake Aje paNa vAgoLatAM thAktA nathI. vyavasAyI raMgabhUminA jamA pAsAnI chaNAvaTa karatI veLA gujarAtI raMgabhUminI savA zatAbdInI ujavaNI prasaMge zrI caMdravadana mahetAe kaheluM: "eka yA savA varSanI gujarAtI raMgabhUmimAM kaze kasa ja nahote evuM kahenArA jarA thaMbhe. e vaDavAoe kaI prAge karavAnA bAkI nathI rAkhyA. emaNe je gIta-gAyakInI vaividhyabharI bAMdhaNIe bAMdhI ApI che. saMgItanI jhAlaro vikasAvI che, dhrupada-gAyakInA vistaratA caMdaravA bAMdhI ApyA che. saMgItanAM je zikharo sara karyA che enI khUbIo te je jANe te ja mANe. mANIgara mANI gayA che. e ghATamATa te

Page #464
lalita kalAo 439 AjanI raMgabhUmi mATe sapanAM thaI gaye. e kaMThanI mAvajata--mIThAza have kalpanA-pradezamAM ghUmarAvA cAlyA gayA, eka ja lITI, hajI to pUrI thaI nathI te pahelAM AkhuM zretAmaMDaLa DolavA mAMDe; "jarA kahejI sAvariyA ! zAM jAdu karyA ? e lirikala mAdhurInI sAme "hadayanA zuddha premIne nigamanAM jJAna ochAM che, emAM e gajhala gavAtAM tAjagIbharI tabalAMnI thApa paDatAM tAmaMDaLa "oho' kahetAM aradhuM UbhuM thaI jAya. AvI nAnakaDI aneka lITIonAM lahekAMlaTakAM vilIna thaI gayAM.35 | gujarAtanI vyavasAyI raMgabhUmie sAmAjika dhArmika paurANika ane citihAsika nATaka rajU karIne pArasI gujarAtI marAThI hiMdI naTa-naTIone ekatra karI gujarAtamAM ane gujarAtanI bahAra ane bhAratanI bahAra nATayakalAnI raMgabhUmi ane je suvAsa prasarAvI che te gujarAtI nATyakalAnuM ujajavaLa prakaraNa che. 2. avetana raMgabhUmi raMgabhUminA savetana ke avetana dhaMdhAdArI ke binadhaMdhAdArI, jUnI ke navI, evA bheda tAtvika daSTie pADI zakAya nahi. kahevAtI savetana raMgabhUmi avetana" rahI zakatI nahi e hakIkta sau jANe che, Ama chatAM raMgabhUminA keTalAka abhyAsIo gujarAtI raMgabhUminA vikAsanA ItihAsane dhyAnamAM rAkhI AvI bhedarekhA pADe che. gujarAtI raMgabhUminA ItihAsamAM abhinaya ane nATayavidyAnA kSetramAM eNmaeNra pravRtti sana 1928 nI AsapAsa aMgrejI zikSaNa ane pazcimanI sabhyatAnA prabhAva heThaLa zarU thaI. A eNmAra pravRttinA janaka kuzaLa naTa, digdarzaka, nATayalekhaka, abhinaya kalA ane saMgItaklAnA marmajJa, gaThariyAM bAMdhanAra ane choDanAra evA bahumukhI pratibhA dharAvanAra kavi caMdravadana mahetA ke jeo gujarAtI sAhityamAM "caMci'nA hulAmaNA nAmathI prasiddha che temane AgaLa dharI zakAya. pitAnA kolejakALa daramyAna zrI caMdravadana mahetAe muMbaInI eNlphinsTana kaoNlejamAM vakatRtva ane penTAmAImanA je prayoga karyA ane emAM saphaLatA maLI enAthI teo nATaka bhajavavA prerAyA. zrI caMdravadana mahetA dhaMdhAdArI raMgabhUminI kathaLatI ane bagaDatI sthiti joIne nirNaya para AvyA hatA ke A raMgabhUmi saDI gaI che ane ene mRtyughaMTa vagADavo ja joIe, evI jehAda kolejanA javAna ane sAmAjika maMDaLomAM pitAnAM tIvra ane ugra

Page #465
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI bhASaNA dvArA zarU karI. dhadhAdArI nATaka ma`DaLIo ke je vikRta rIte nATako bhajavatI tenI sAme zrI caMdravadana mahetAe khulle baLave pAkAryo. A jehAdane kAraNe gujarAtanAM ghaNAM zaherI ane nagarAmAM zikSita yuvaka nATaka mATe eNmacyora saMsthA zarU karavA AgaLa AvyA. sane 1930 pachInA khe dAyakAmAM muMbaI amadAvAda surata vaDeAdarA naDiyAda rAjakoTa bhAvanagara jAmanagara ityAdi sthaLAe avetana kalAma DaLAnA janma thayA. A maMDaLA dvArA je nATakA, ekAMkI dviaMkI triaMkI rajU thayAM tene kAraNe gujarAtanI prajAne ziSTa sAhityika nATako mANavAnI taka maLI. 440 avetana raMgabhUminI pravRtti mATe lakhAyela ane jUnI raMgabhUmi sAmenA virodhamAM bhajavAyela 'akhA' nATaka sauthI prathama gaNAya. e bhajavAyuM 1927 mAM. emAM bhAga lenAra hatAM : DaoN. yedha, giradharalAla kATaka, kezavaprasAda desAI, jayaMtakumAra bhaTTa, kamalakAMta lehANA, sanatakumAra vISNu, nirbhaya ThAkara, bhagavAnalAla gAMdhI, jitubhAI mahetA ane saralA bAnarajI. A nATakane pariNAme eka ucca kakSAnI abhinetrI avetana ra'gabhUmine sAMpaDI ane e saralA bAnarajI,36 A avetana sasthAoe bhajavela nATakAne ullekha karavA jarUrI hAI enI vigatA TUMkamAM nIce pramANe tAravI zakAya : muMbaImAM bhaTTI sevA samAje nATayakAra kavi jAmananAM nAkA vIsamI sadI' vinAza paMthe' 'kALI vAdaLI' 'kAlejiyana' 'vAsanAnAM vaheNu' navuM jUnu' ityAdi nATaka rajU karyAM. zarUAtamAM eNmAra nATako bhajavavAnI pravRttimAM jAmanabhAI, ratnasiMha mAmA, suMdaradAsa, prAgajI DAsA vagere sakriya banyA hatA. zrI bAjIbhAI manTa je avetana saMsthA calAvatA hatA emaNe 'nepeliyana' nAmanuM nATaka bhajaveluM, mULarAja kApaDiyAM narulA sevA samAja' calAvatA ane 'suMdara zyAma' grejyueTa' 'basUrI vINA' daiRSita krANu ?' ityA;i nATaka bhajavelAM. A nATaka vyavasAyI raMgabhUminI paraMparA mukhya lajavAtAM hatAM. muMbaImAM bhAratIya vidyAbhavananA kalA-keMdra dvArA kanaiyAlAla munazIe paNa avetana nAcapravRttine prAtsAhana ApyuM. sazrI caMdravadana mahetA, dhanasukhalAla mahetA ane jyAtIndra dave jevAonA eene sAtha maLyo. A kalA-keMdra taraphathI bhajavAtAM nATakAmAM sarvAMzrI caMdravadana bhaTTa, madhukara rAMderiyA, DeM, Ara. ke. zAha, krAMti saMdhavI vageree saphaLatApUrvaka bhUmikA bhajavI. emaNe bhajavela nATakAmAM caMdravadana mahetAnAM 'AgagADI' 'nAgA bAvA' 'ArAdhanA' 'mUMgI strI' 'akhA' premanuM meAtI' 'pAMjarApoLa' ityAdi mukhya hatAM. uparAMta zrI ka. mA munazInAM

Page #466
lalitakalAo, 441 "kAkAnI zazI' "sneha saMbhrama' be kharAba jaNuM-muMbaInI kolejomAM bhajavAyAM. A samayagALAmAM prAgajI DosAnAM nATaka paNa avetana saMsthAo ane kolejo dvArA bhajavAtAM rahyAM che jemAM "samayanAM vaheNa" "saTTAnA chaMda" "mehabaMdhana gharane dI' ityAdine gaNAvI zakAya. sane 194ra pachI muMbaInI avetana raMgabhUmi upara navI havA laIne be saMsthAonuM nirmANa thayuM. A be saMsthAo te AI. pI. TI. e. (IPTA) ane AI. ena. TI. (INT). A banne saMsthAoe uttama sAhityika nATaka bhajavyAM ane takhtA upara pratApa ojhA, cAMpazI nAgaDA, naredra trivedI, vanalattA mahetA, lIlA jharIvALA, caMdrikA zAha, viSNakumAra vyAsa, sumaMta vyAsa, upendra trivedI, varSA AcArya, citrA bhaTTa, jayaMta vyAsa, nArAyaNa rAjagora, kAMti maDiyA, vijaya datta, saritA khaTAu, pravINa jozI, araviMda jozI, rameza jamInadAra, bhAratI zeTha, pannA modI. araviMda Thakkara, sureza rAjaDA, zaMkaraprasAda desAI, devayAnI desAI, mInaLa mahetA, nIlAMjanA mahetA ityAdi potapotAnA abhinayamAM jhaLakyAM. amadAvAdamAM avetana nATayanI pravRtti karavAnuM mAna raMgamaMDaLane phALe jAya che. amadAvAdamAM prItamanagara vistAramAM raMgamaMDaLanI pravRtti sane 1937 mAM zarU thaI. A pravRtti zarU karavAmAM sarvazrI nIru desAI, jayaMtI dalAla, cInubhAI paTavA, pinAkina ThAkora, aruNa ThAkara Adi mukhya hatA. raMgamaMDaLa dvArA saphaLatApUrvaka bhajavAyela nATakomAM "le pAmudrA' 'putra samevaDI" "gItagoviMda' "mammIcUsa' 'virAjavahu "biMdune kIke" "maLelA jIva" "pANigrahaNa" mAdherA mahemAna" "sAthe zuM bAMdhI javAnA" ItyAdi mukhya che. raMgamaMDaLanA kalAkAromAM sarvazrI pinAkina ThAkora, aruNa ThAkora, mahendra pAThaka, pI. kharasANI, mohana Thakkara, dAminI mahetA ityAdine gaNAvI zakAya. A samayagALAmAM amadAvAdamAM vidyA ane saMskAranI saMsthA gujarAta vidyAsabhA dvArA nATyavidyA maMdiranI sthApanA ane samaya jatAM emAMthI janmela namaMDaLe surucipradhAna nATake bhajavIne gujarAtanA takhatAne jIvatA rAkhe. gujarAtanI vyavasAyI raMgabhUminA khyAtanAma naTa ane digdarzaka zrI jayeza kara "suMdarI'nI sevAo A saMsthAne maLI e hakIkata ulekhapAtra che. "naTamaMDaLe' rajU karela nATakomAM rAIne parvata' 'DhIMgalI ghara' sAgaravelI' "UrubhaMga" "bhagavadajajukIya" "virAjavahu' "lekazatru jugala-jugArI" "mudrArAkSasa" ane "menA gurjarI noMdhapAtra che. "menA gurjarI bhajavIne namaMDaLe samagra dezamAM DaMko vagADyo hato. naTamaMDaLanA kalAkAromAM sarvazrI jazavaMta ThAkara, dInAbahena gAMdhI (dInA pAThaka), zivakumAra jozI,

Page #467
442 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI anasUyA sutariyA, prANasukha nAyaka, cInubhAI seAjanA, araviMda pAThaka, prabhAbahena pAThaka, kalA zAha, bAbu paTela, kailAsa paMDayA ityAdine gaNAvI zakAya, raMgama`DaLa ane naTama`DaLa uparAMta amadAvAdamAM darzana, rUpakasaMdha, rASTriya nATaya saMdha, leAkanATaca saMdha, sevALa saMskAra vibhAga, akhabArI svAta Mtrya samiti, gujarAta kAleja, eca. ela. kAmasa` kaeNAleja, ela. DI. ArTsa kaeNleja, rAmAnaMda mahAvidyAlaya (ha. kA. kaeNAleja) ityAdi saMsthAe paNa nATakA rajU karIne avetana raMgabhUminA takhatA jIvaMta rAkhyA, vaDAdarAnI avetana nATaya pravRttimAM ma. sa. yunivarsiTInA nATavibhAgane phALA teAMdhapAtra che. A pravRttine vega ApavAmAM sa`zrI caMdravadana mahetA, haMsAkhehana mahetA, ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAI, jazavaMta ThAkara, mAMDa bhaTTa, UrmilA bhaTTa ityAdinuM pradAna neoMdhapAtra che. vaDAdarAnI avetana nATayapravRtti 'kalAke'dra' ane 'triveNI' saMsthAe aneka ziSTa nATako bhajavone prAnI sAhityika ruci ghaDavAmAM phALA ApyA che. A samayagALAnI gujarAtanI avetana nATayapravRttimAM suratanu* pradAna noMdhapAtra che. avetana nATayaprayoga suratamAM sauprathama 1915 mAM amarasatra' dvArA thayA hatA, jenI badhI TikiTA khapI gaI hatI. A nATaka vikhyAta deza-bhakata ge pAlakRSNa gAkhalenuM smArakaMDa ekatrita karavA mATe bhajavAyu* hatuM ane emAM sarva zrI naTavaralAla mALavI, meAtIrAma klAla, DaoN. cimanalAla dalAla, ramaNalAla tAramAstara, kRSNalAla kAjI, IzvaralAla vIma vALA ityAdie abhinaya karyA hatA. sane 1919 pachI yuvaka saMdhanI pravRttio zarU thaI ane ema. TI. khI, kaeNAlejamAM zrI jayAtIndra davenuM 'viSapAna' nATaka bhajavAyuM. samaya jatAM vidyArthI saMdhanI pravRttimAM 'kalAkSetra'nA janma thayA. kalAkSetranA kalAkAroe zarUAtamAM parAkASThA' duSkALa' ane 'AmrapAlI' jevI nRtyanATikAo bhajavI ane e pachI triaMkI nATakA bhajavavAnI zarUAta karI. A saMsthA dvArA medherA mahemAna' manunI mAsI' 'bhADUtI pati' 'gharanA dIvA' 'vaibhavanA aMgAra' 'sAnA vATakaDI' zetarajanAM pyAdAM' 'mananI mAyA' 'elAmAMthI cUlAmAM' 'AvatI kAla' 'hAthInA dAMta' 'meAgarA ke gulAba' 'ApaghAta' ityAdi nATako bhajavyAM. kalAkSetranI sAthe sAthe 'kalAniketana' nAmanI saMsthA zarU thaI hatI, jenA upakrame keTalAMka nATaka bhajavAyAM hatAM, jemAM 'cheAruM-kacheAru" gharanI rANI' 'eka hatA DeAseA' nATakA ullekhapAtra che. sane 1935 mAM gujaratI nATaya zatAbdInI ujavaNImAMthI 'rASTriya kalAkedrane janma thayA, jeNe 'huM UbheA chu" 'satane mAraga che zUrAnA' 'jhAMjhavAnAM jaLa'

Page #468
lalita kalAo 43 bhAbhI' ityAdi nATaka rajU karyA hatAM. suratanI avetana nATayanI kalApravRtti vikasAvavAmAM sarvazrI caMdravadana mahetA, baMku lAlA, bhAnubhAI Arya, vA~dra vyAsa, caMdu daru, zivaprasAda lAlA, dhanasukhalAla mahetA, caMdravadana bhaTTa, madhukara rAMderiyA, vajubhAI TAMka, De. ratana mArzala, caMdravadana kApaDiyA, hakumata desAI, ti vaidya vagerene phALe ullekhanIya che. saurASTramAM paNa A samayagALAmAM avetana nATayapravRti zarU thaI hatI, jenA sUtradhAra sarvazrI ramaNalAla yAjJika, DI. pI. jozI, harakAMta zukala, gijubhAI vyAsa, jayazaMkara mAstara, harasukha kikANuM vagere hatA. Azare sane 1935 mAM saurASTra kalA rasotsava maMDaLanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI ane avetana nATayapravRttine vyasthita rUpe ApavAmAM AvyuM. zrI vajubhAI TAMkanI nATapravRti A maMDaLathI zarU thaI hatI ane emaNe prathama triaMkI aitihAsika nATaka "pezvAI patana" rAjakoTamAM rajU karyuM ane tyAra bAda "parivartana" "phUlamALa" "samarpaNa" ityAdi nATaka bhajavyAM. avetana nATyapravRtino vikAsa thatAM sane 1940 nI AsapAsa "saurASTra kalA keMdra'nI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI, jenA upakrame "dharatIne sAda" "mAre paraNavuM che" "jAgatA raheje" "bhUdAna" "e Avajo" "UgyuM prabhAta" gharane dIvo' "ramakaDAMnI dukAna "maMgalamaMdira' senAne sUraja' "allAbelI mAnavatAnI mUti' ityAdi naTike bhajavAyAM. svataMtratA prApta karyA bAda "saurASTra saMgIta nATaka akAdamInI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI ke jenA upakrame zrI caMdravadana mahetAnuM nATaka "zetalane kAMThe bhajavAyuM jene dhAryA karatAM ghaNuM saphaLatA prApta thaI. A badhAM nagaro uparAMta navasArI bharUca naDiyAda bhAvanagara jAmanagara ItyAdi zaheromAM avetana nATyapravRtti karanArI kalaba ane saMsthAo hatI ke jeoe avetana nATayapravRttine protsAhana ApyuM hatuM. pAdaTIpa 7. 'Art in Bombay,' Bombay Art Society Diamond Jubilee Souvenir (BASDJS), 1888-1948 2. "60 Years of Bombay Art Society, BASDJs, 1888-1948 3. ravizaMkara rAvaLa, "gujarAtanI sAMprata citrakaLAnuM vihaMgAvalekana", "kumAra" (kalA aMka), varSa 44, saLaMga aMka pa28, pR. 41 4. "Art in Bombay', BASDJs, 1888-1948

Page #469
444 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 4. Krishna Chaitanya, 'Ravi Verma,' Lalit Kala, 1960 6. "Painters in Gujarat," BASDJS. 1888-1948; ravizaMkara rAvaLa, uparyuktapR. 38 7-8. panubhAI bhaTTa, gujarAtamAM Adhunika citrakalAnAM vaheNa," "kumAra" (kalA aMka), varSa 44, saLaMga aMka pa28, pR. 43 9. ratana gharimU, "samAna kA saMma tathA sthiti', "Rtrita jA', 180 10-11. amubhAI dezI, "bhAratIya saMgItane vikAsa," pR. 230, 231 12. puruSottama nA. gAMdhI, "gujarAtamAM saMgItanuM punarjIvana, pR. 261-62 13. amubhAI dezI, uparyukta, pR. 232 14. ejana, pR. 284 15, jayamalla paramAra, "ApaNAM leka." pR. 25 16. IlAkSI ThAkara, "nRtyo," "gujarAta eka paricaya", pR. 215 17. jayamalla paramAra, uparyukta, pR. 28 18. ke. kA. zAstrI, pada, garabo ane garabI," "buddhi prakAza" pu. 127, aMka 1, pR. 22 76. M. R. Majmudar, Cultural History of Gujarat, p. 297 20. jayamalla paramAra, "ApaNAM rAsa nRtyo," "gujarAta dIpensavI aMka 2041, pR. 13 saurASTranAM rAsanRtyenI vadhu vigata mATe juo jayamalla paramAranuM "ApaNuM lekanRtye,' amadAvAda, 1957. 22. ejana, pR. 56 23. ejana, pU. 61 24-25. IlAkSI ThAkora, uparyukta, pR. 213, 216 26. jayaMtIlAla se. dave, gujarAtanuM anekhuM lekanRtya - merAyo, "gujarAta dIpatsavI aMka, 2038, pR. 13 27. IlAkSI ThAkora, uparyukta, pR. 213 28. hInA zaha, bhAratIya nRtya, "gujarAta dIpatsavI aMka, 2037," pR. 81. 20. vimala zAha, gujarAtanA AdivAsIo, pR. 26 30 hakUmatarAya desAI, gheraiyA-nRtya, "gujarAta dIpetsavI aMka, 2018,pR. 49 31. vimala zAha, uparyukta, pR. 31, 34 3ra. A zaheranI nRtya tAlIma saMsthAo mATe juo pariziSTa lalitakalAone lagatI saMsthAo."

Page #470
lalita kalAo 445 33. kathaka nRtyanI tAlIma ApatA nRtya varga vaDodarA ane rAjakoTamAM cAlatA hatAM. amadAvAdamAM 1970 mAM zrImatI kamadinI lAkhiyAe kathakanuM vyavasthita zikSaNa ApavA kadaba' saMsthA zarU karI, je Aje paNa kAryarata che. 34. 2. che. parIkha, be bola", "gujarAtI raMgabhUminA abhinaya zilpI bApulAla nAyaka" (le. sureza nAyaka)pR. 4 35. gujarAtI raMgabhUmi, savA zatAbdI smAraka graMtha, pR. 181-82 3. dhanasukhalAla mahetA, gujarAtI bina dhaMdhAdArI raMgabhUmine itihAsa' pR. 49

Page #471
pariziSTa lalitakalAone lagatI saMsthAo A samayagALA daramyAna gujarAtamAM saMgIta nRtya nATaya citrakalA vagere lalitakalAone lagatI aneka saMsthAo astitvamAM AvI, jemAMnI keTalIka gaNanApAtra saMsthAone TUMka paricaya karIe. saMgIta vidyAlaya (gUjarAta vidyApITha) 1933 mAM zrI are sAhebanA saghana prayatnothI vidyApIThanA Azaya nIce cha varSanA abhyAsakramavALuM saMgIta vidyAlaya zarU thayuM. rASTriya saMgIta maMDaLa 19raramAM De. hariprasAda desAInA pramukhapade zrI are sAhebe amadAvAdanA khADiyA-sAraMgapura vistAramAM rASTriya saMgIta maMDaLa' sthApyuM. A saMsthAnA upakrame vAraMvAra saMgIta jalasA jAtA. jalasAmAM divasa daramyAna samayane anurUpa rAga gavAtA ke vagADAtA ane vividha rAgone paricaya apAto. gAMdharva mahAvidyAlaya maMDaLa 1931 mAM paMDita digaMbara paluskarajInuM avasAna thatAM emanuM adhUruM raheluM kArya AgaLa dhapAvavA zrI are sAhebe paluskarajInA ziSyone bhegA karyA ane amadAvAdamAM gAMdharva mahAvidyAlaya maMDaLa sthApyuM. saMgItane bahoLA pracAra karavo te A maMDaLane uddeza hatA, gAMdharva mahAvidyAlaya saMgIta zikSaNa mATe zrI are sAhebe gAMdharva mahAvidyAlayanI zarUAta karI. dInabaMdhu enDrUjhanA atithipade, zrI ba. ka. ThAkaranA haste gujarAta kolejanI sAmenA makAnamAM 1935 mAM A saMgIta vidyAlayanuM uddaghATana thayuM.' bIje varSe A saMsthA dALiyA bilDiMgamAM khaseDAI. zaheramAM prathama vAra sAmAnya janatAne saMgIta zIkhavavAnA vyavasthita vaga zarU thayA. cAra varSanA kaMThezya ane vAdyanA abhyAsane aMte vizAradano padavI apAtI. dara varSe saMgItanA jAhera jalasA jAtA, dara ravivAre vikaToriyA gArDanamAM gAyana-vAdanane kAryakrama rajU thatuM. asaMkhya leke A saMgIta sAMbhaLavA ekaThA thatA. 1951 mAM A saMsthA sarakAra-mAnya thaI ane kaMThaya ane vAdyamAM 10 varSa sudhInA abhyAsakramo sAthe te Aje paNa kAryarata che."

Page #472
lalita kalAo 447 sarasvatI saMgIta vidyAlaya paMDita khare sAhebanA putra zrI rAmacaMdra kharee amadAvAdamAM rAyapura khAte 194pa thI mahAdevanA maMdiramAM sarasvatI saMgIta vidyAlayanA nAme saMgIta zIkhavavAnA varga zarU karyA hatA, je 1938 mAM baMdha thayA. sarasvatI saMgIta kendra A keMdra muMbaIthI tAlIma laIne AvelA aMdha saMgIta zikSaka occhavalAla zAhe 1944 mAM amadAvAdamAM rAyapuramAM zarU karyuM. zrI zAha dilarUbAnA acchA vAdaka hatA. teo sitAra hArmoniyama tabalA vAlIna vagere vAdyonuM zikSaNa ApatA.9 saMgIta vidyAlaya 1940mAM rAjakoTanI rASTriya zALAmAM sthapAyelA saMgIta vidyAlayanA upakrame sugama saMgIta zAstrIya saMgItanA gAyana-vAdananA varga cAlatA. samaye samaye nATya ane nRtyanA varga paNa zarU thayA hatA. Aje A saMsthA "saMgIta mahAvidyAlaya tarIke oLakhAya che.' bhAtakha3 saMgIta mahAvidyAlaya bhAratIya saMgItanI uttara hiMdustAnI paddhatine pUrNa zAstrIya rUpane paricaya karAvavAnA Azaye amadAvAdamAM 1948 mAM bhAtakhaMDe saMgIta mahAvidyAlaya sthapAyuM. A saMsthA 1958 mAM baMdha thaI. myujhika koleja I. sa. 1886mAM vaDodarAmAM saMgIta zALA zarU thaI hatI. 1948 mAM mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI zarU thatAM A saMgIta zALA tenI sAthe joDI devAI, je Aje College of Indian Music & Dance (yujhika koleja) tarIke oLakhAya che. ahIM zarUAtamAM saMgIta ane nRtyanA varga zarU thayA ane pAchaLathI nATayanI tAlIma paNa apAvA lAgI. Aje saMgIta, nRtya ane nATamAM DigrI ane DiplomAnA abhyAsakrama cAle che. cAra varSa saMgItanRtyamAM snAtaka kakSAe ane be varSa anusnAtaka kakSAe thatA abhyAsa anukrame bI. yujha" ane "ema. yujha.' kahevAya che 10 AkAzavANI mahArAjA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADe vaDodarAmAM 1947 mAM "dhI DAyamaMDa jyubIlI broDakAsTIMga sTezana" nAme reDiyo sTezananI zarUAta karI.

Page #473
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI svataMtra bhAratamAM 1949 mAM saradAra vallabhAI paTelanI preraNAthI amadAvAda reDiyA sTezana zarU thayuM..11 zarUAtamAM A sTezana mAtra 1 kilAvATanI kSamatA dharAvatuM ha|vAthI maryAdita vistAramAM ja tenA kAryakrame sAMbhaLI zakAtA. AthI 1954 nA jUnamAM 50 kilovaoNnuM miDiyama veva hAIpAvara TrAnsamiTara zarU karavAmAM AvyuM. 1957 mAM gAMdhIpulanA pazcima cheDe navA makAnamAM A keMdra khaseDAyuM. 448 AkAzavANI amadAvAda-vaDAdarA keMdra 352.9 mITarsa uparathI tenA kAryakrama prasArita karatu, je have 354,9 mITarsa parathI kArSIkramA prasArita kare che, AkAzavANI rAjakeTa keMdra 1955 mAM zarU thayuM. A keMdra 329.7 mITarsa para miDiyama veva TrAnsamiTara upara kAryarata che. AkAzavANue zAstrIya sa'gIta, sa`gIta-nATikA, bhaktisagIta ane kavi yArAma jevA aneka kavienA garabA tema ja leAkagItAnA kAryakrama vAraMvAra rajU karIne gujarAtI prajAnI bahu meATI sevA karI che, da Na bharata nATathama kSetre AMtararASTriya khyAti dharAvatAM zrImatI mRNAlinI sArAbhAIe gujarAtamAM zAstrIya nRtyanuM paddhatisaranuM zikSaNa ApavA 1949mAM 'darpaNa' saMsthAnI sthApanA karI.12 A saMsthAmAM suMdara kRti taiyAra karI deza-paradezamAM aneka prayogA karIne bhAratIya nRtyakalA pratye vizvanuM dhyAna kendrita karyuM.... ahI bharata nATacam (7 varSa), kathakalI (7 ^), kucIpuDI (4 varSI), mehInI aTTam (3 varSI) vagere zIkhavavAmAM Ave che. A saMsthAe bahu jANItA nRtyakArane taiyAra karyA, jemAM mallikA sArAbhAI, smitA zAstrI tathA pratIkSA jhaverI mukhya che. AgaLa jatAM nATaca ane saMgIta vibhAga zarU karavAmAM AvyA. saMgIta nATaka akAdamI zrI DhebarabhAInA prayatnAthI rAjakATamAM saMgIta nATaka akAdamI 1953 mAM sthapAI ane 1955 mAM saurASTra rAjye tene svAyattatA ApI.13 lakSitakalAne prasAra, zikSaNa ane saMzAdhana mATe sasthAe bhAre jahemata uThAvI, dara vaSe akAdamI dvArA gAyana-vAdana ane nRtyanA jalasA goThavavAmAM AvatA. A sAthe leAkasa'gItanA jalasA paNa gAThavAtA. 1960mAM saurASTranA gujarAta rAjyamAM samAveza thayA ane amadAvAdamAM gujarAta saMgIta, nRtya, nATaya akAdamInI sthApanA thatAM A akAdamI 'saMgIta nATaya bhAratI' saMsthAmAM parivartita thaI gaI je Aja sudhI kAryarata che. ahI kathakanRtyane vizArada sudhI

Page #474
lalita kalAo 448 abhyAsa karAvAya che. saMgItamAM kaMThaya ane vAdya bane zIkhavavAmAM Ave che. vizArada (5 varSa), alaMkAra (7 varSa) ane pravINa (8 varSa) sudhIne abhyAsa thAya che. gujarAta saMgIta mahAvidyAlaya zrI kRSNarAva teMDulakare bhAtakhaMDaLanI svaralipine abhyAsa karAvavA amadAvAdamAM 1954mAM gujarAta saMgIta mahAvidyAlayanI sthApanA karI. gAMdharva paddhatie kaMThaya ane vAgha bannemAM vizArada, alaMkAra ane pravINanI padavIo sudhI zikSaNa apAtuM. chellAM 3ra varSathI kRSNarAvanA putra biMdu mAdhava teMDulakara A saMsthAnI zAkhA calAve che.14 kalAniketana | zeTha sI.ena. vidyAlayamAM I. sa. 1955-56 thI zeTha sI. ena. kalAniketana vibhAganI zarUAta thaI. 15 I. sa. 1841-4ra daramyAna zALAnA vidyArthIone eka varga pUratuM saMgIta zIkhavAtuM, paraMtu sAMjanA samaye pahatisaranuM zikSaNa ApavA vargo zarU thayA. zALA samaya bAda "bharata nATayamU'nA vargo temaja garabA ane lekanRtyanA vargonuM saMcAlana kalAniketana dvArA thatuM. saptakalA bhAvanagaramAM. jagadIpa virANIe "saptakalA' saMsthAnI sthApanA karI hatI ane 1956 mAM emanA mRtyu bAda paNa emanA mitro ane zubhecchake dvArA saMsthAnA vargo cAlu hatA.19 bhAratIya saMgIta vidyAlaya zrI madhurIbahena khare ane zrI rAmacaMdra kharee pitA sva. paMDita nArAyaNa marelavara kharenI puNya smRtimAM amadAvAdamAM bhAratIya saMgIta vidyAlaya 1956 mAM zarU karyuM.18 saMsthA dvArA saMgItanA jAhera jalasAo yojavAmAM AvatA. bRhad gujarAta saMgIta samiti gujarAtanI saMgIta zIkhavatI vividha saMsthAonI parIkSAonuM saMcAlana karatI A samiti jAnyuArI, 1957 mAM sthapAI. A saMsthA dara varSe gujarAtamAM alaga-alaga sthaLoe traNa divasa sudhI saMgIta saMmelana yojI vividha keMdronA uttIrNa thayelA vidyArthIone A daramyAna padavIo enAyata kare che. Aje A saMsthAnI mAnya saMsthAo gujarAtanAM moTA bhAganAM zaheromAM kAryarata che. 19 28

Page #475
450 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI kiraNa saMgIta vidyAlaya 1958 mAM amadAvAdamAM zrI navInabhAI zAhe kiraNa saMgIta vidyAlaya zarU karyuM. kaMca ane vAdana banenI tAlIma laI zrI zAha gAMdharva paddhatie vidyArthIone zikSaNa Ape che. 20 raMgamaMDaLa ane saMgIta nRtya niketana amadAvAdanA elisabrija vistAramAM Arogya, vyAyAma ane sAMkArika pravRtti karatI elisabrija Arogya samitinI sthApanA 1936 mAM thaI. 1 A saMsthAnA upakrame raMgamaMDaLa ane saMgIta nRtya niketana anukrame nATakanI ane nRtya-garabAnI saMsthAo hatI. 1940-41 thI nRtya(bele) taiyAra karAvavAmAM AvatAM, jemAM pUjAnRtya, nayananRtya ane madArI nRtyane samAveza thAya che. 1940-41mAM amadAvAdamAM Avela pUra para AdhArita pralayanRtya, baMgALanA duSkALa para AdhArita nRtya, amadAvAdanA komI hullaDa para AdhArita nRtya rajU thayAM hatAM. prItamanagaranA cotarA pAse sTeja bAMdhIne rAsa-garabA saMgIta nRtya ane nATakanA pravega A be saMsthAo dvArA thatA. saMgItanA jalasA karatI saMsthAo amadAvAdamAM keTalIka saMsthAo dezanA nAmAMkita saMgItakAronA jalasAo goThavatI. A saMsthAomAM phrenDajha myujhika sarkala, ArTa sarkala, gujarAta saMgIta maMDaLa, saMgIta niketana, kumAra kalaba tathA AlApa vagere mukhya hatI. rUpaka saMgha A saMsthA ThAkarsa hAIskUlamAM zarU thaI ane sva. dhanaMjaya ThAkara tenuM saMcAlana karatA. varSa daramyAna traNa kAryakramo yojavA uparAMta nATaka nRtya saMgIta vezabhUSA ane prakAza Ayojana upara vyAkhyAna jatAM. A saMsthAmAM maNipurI nRtyanA varga cAlatA hatA, gujarAta kalAsaMgha citrazALA citrakalAnuM gujarAtamAM avataraNa karAvanAra Adaguru zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLe 1934 mAM gujarAta kalAsaMdha citrazALAnI sthApanA karI.23 eoe pitAnuM kauzalya khulA dile vidyArthIone ApyuM che. phekalTI opha phAIna ArTasa, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDodarA vaDodarAnI ma. sa. yunivarsiTImAM 1950 mAM phAIna ArTasa phekalTI zarU karavAmAM AvI. 24 ahIM zilpa citra lIthogrAphI kAMsyakAma poTarI ane sImikasa, chabilA, suthArI kalA vagere zIkhavavAmAM Ave che. ema.e. ane

Page #476
lalita kalAo 451 pIeca.DI. kakSAe abhyAsa thAya che. sAthe sAthe sarTiphikeTa ane anusnAtaka DilemAnA abhyAsakramo paNa ahIM cAle che. phAIna ArTasa phekalTIne citrakalA vibhAga khUba khyAti pAmyo che. A saMsthAnA AMtararASTriya khyAti dharAvatA kalAkAromAM sarvazrI benjha, bhupena khakhkhara, gulAba mahaMmada zekha, ti bhaTTa tathA pIrAja sAgarA vagere mukhya che. 25 nihArikA maMDaLa sara cinubhAI baeNroneTa (bIjA), zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLa, zrI balavaMta bhaTTa ane bIjA keTalAka yuvAnoe I. sa. 19ra7 mAM phoTogrApharsanI "kumAra kemerA kalaba" zarU karI ane "kumAra" mAsika dvArA prajAmAM chabikalAne pracAra karavA mAMDyo. 1934mAM A saMsthA baMdha thaI. pharIthI 1938mAM te zarU thaI ane tene nihArikA maMDaLa" nAma apAyuM. dara zukravAre chabikalAnA viSaya para carcAvicAraNAo thatI. pradarzana yojavAM e tene mukhya uddeza hatA. 1939 mAM akhila bhAratIya chabilAnuM pradarzana bharavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A saMsthA dvArA "citramaya hiMda' (Picturesque India) nAmanuM pharatuM chabapradarzana IglenDa, amerikA ane osTreliyAnA pravAse mokalavAmAM AvyuM hatuM.' gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA thatAM 1960 mAM amadAvAdamAM gujarAta rAjya lalita kalA akAdamI'nI sthApanA thaI. eNe saMgIta, nRtya ane nATayanI vividha saMsthAone saMkalita karI ane e vividha lalita kalAnA kalAkArone protsAhana Ape che ke pAdaTIpa 1. puruSottama gAMdhI, "gujarAtamAM saMgItanuM punarjachavana', pR. 13, 23 2.-3. ejana, pR. 14, 21 4. kapilarAya maheta (saMpA.), amadAvAda sarva saMgraha', pR. 23 5. rajanI vyAsa, "gAMdharva mahAvidyAlaya, "samabhAva sAptAhika AvRtti tA. 22-6-86, pR. 16 6. madhurIbahena khare sAthenI rUbarU mulAkAtane AdhAre 7. sudhAbahena paTela, "echavabhAInuM jIvanacaritra' (apragaTa nibaMdha) 8. puruSottama gAMdhI, "rASTrIya zALA, rAjakoTa, "gujarAta dIpensarI" 1972, 6. Gujarat District Gazetteer (GDG), Baroda, P. 710

Page #477
45ra AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 10. Ibid; P. 694 11. rAmalAla parIkha (saMpA.), "gujarAta eka paricaya', pR. 57 92. Darpana Academy of the Performing Arts, azald1 Hiled patrakane AdhAre. 13. "saMgIta nATaya bhAratI, rAjakeTa, 1953 thI 1978, 25 varSanI pravRtti ane pragati," rajatajayaMtI varSa (seveniyara), 1978, rAjakoTa 14. saMsthAne paricaya ApatI vidyAthInI neMdhane AdhAre 15. sI. ena. vidyAlayanA nivRtta saMgItazikSaka zrI. bhAIlAlabhAI zAha pAsethI maLelI mAhitI. 19. zeTha cimanalAla nagInadAsa vidyAvihAra janmazatAbdI aMka, pR. 37 17. GDG, Bhavnagar, P. 521 18. bhAratIya saMgIta vidyAlaya smaraNikA, pR. 8-10 19. gAMdharva mahAvidyAlayanA AcArya zrI. rAvajIbhAI paTela sAthe thayelI carcAne AdhAre 20. lekhake saMsthAnI rUbarU mulAkAta laI tyAMthI meLavelI mAhitIne AdhAre 21. kapilarAya mahetA, uparyukta, pR. para7 22. ejana, pR para8 23. ejana, pR. 268 28. GDG, Baroda, P. 693 25. vaDodarAmAM 1880mAM sthapAyela "kalAbhavana' nAmanI saMsthA A vibhAgamAM joDAI gaI. 26. kapilarAya mahetA, uparyukta, pR. 530 27. A uparAMta amadAvAdamAM 1960 mAM zrImatI IlAkSI ThAkora dvArA nRtya bhAratI nAme zAstrIya nRtyanI saMsthA temaja zrI rasikalAla parIkhanI doravaNI nIce sI. ena. vidyAlayanA lalitakalA vibhAganI zarUAta thaI.

Page #478
prakaraNa-13 1. sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAo ane lokakalAo 1. sthApatya ane zilpa (a) dhArmika sthApatya dhArmika sthApatyane kSetre A sADA cAra dAyakAnA samayamAM bhAre vadhAro thayo. seMkaDo jUnAM devAlaya jIrNoddhAra pAmyAM ane navAM maMdira paNa ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM baMdhAyAM. hiMda maMdira A kAlamAM ghaNuM karIne derI svarUpe tema keTalAMka gujarAtamAM pracalita nAgara zailInI zikhara paddhatie racAyAM. A maMdiromAM bahudhA eka ke traNa garbhagRha, tenI sanmukha khule taMbhayukta maMDapa, garbhagRha ane maMDapane joDatA aMtarAla ane maMDapamAM pravezavA mATe nAne mukhamaMDapa (cokI), garbhagRhanI upara UMcuM rekhAnvita zikhara ane maMDapa upara beThA ghATAne ghUmaTa karele najare paDe che. hiMdu maMdirone jIrNoddhAra ghaNA moTA pAyA para thaye. A kAma mATe keTalAMka sthaLoe loTarI bahAra pADIne phaMDa ekatra karavAmAM AvatuM. navAM baMdhAyelAM maMdiromAM thAna pAsenuM navuM sUraja devaLa (I.sa. 1914), sALaMgapura (tA. dhaMdhukA, ji. amadAvAda)nuM svAminArAyaNa maMdira (1916), pIpAvAva (ji. amarelI)nuM raNachoDajI maMdira (1920), AhavA(ji. DAMga)nuM mahAdeva maMdira (1924), karanALI(ji. vaDodarA)nuM gAyatrI maMdira' (1924), amadAvAdanuM ghIkAMTAmAM AveluM rAmadevapIranuM maMdira (1928), khaMbhAtanuM svAminArAyaNa maMdira, (1932), goMDaLanuM svAminArAyaNa maMdira (1934), khaMbhAtanuM lakSmInArAyaNa maMdira (1937) tathA tyAMnuM kArezvaranuM maMdira (1940), amadAvAdanuM gItA maMdiradeg (1941), ledrA(ji. mahesANA)nuM bAlA hanumAnanuM maMdira 11 (1942), maNinagara (amadAvAda)nuM svAminArAyaNa maMdira 2 (1944), gaDhaDAnuM svAminArAyaNa maMdira 3 (1945), suratanuM gItAjJAna maMdira 14 (1945), amadAvAdanuM veda maMdira5(1947-48), gAMdhIdhAma(kaccha)nuM gAMdhI asthi samAdhi maMdira6 (1948), aTalAdarA(ji. vaDodarA)nuM svAminArAyaNa maMdira 17 (1951), maNinagara(amadAvAda)nuM rAdhAvallabhanuM maMdira 18 (1857) temaja

Page #479
454 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI prabhAsa pATaNanuM suprasiddha somanAtha maMdira 19 (1951-61) vagerene nirdeza karI zakAya A kAlamAM bIja neMdhapAtra maMdiromAM morabInuM maNimaMdira0, oDanuM jAnakIdAsanuM maMdira", dhuvAraNanuM dhUmezvara mahAdeva maMdira, vallabhavidyAnagaranuM rAmakRSNa maMdira ane kArezvara maMdira, tAjapurA(ji. paMcamahAla)nuM nArAyaNa maMdira, vaDodarAnuM gItA maMdira", naDiyAdanuM mAI maMdira6 temaja kaMDalAnuM nirvAsitezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira cha gaNAvI zakAya. A maMdira paikI prabhAsanuM somanAtha maMdira ane morabInuM maNimaMdira prAcIna zailIe racAyAM che, jyAre amadAvAdanuM gItAmaMdira, gAMdhIdhAmanuM gAMdhI asthi samAdhimaMdira ane kaMDalAnuM nirvAsitezvara maMdira temanI viziSTa racanAne laIne khAsa ulekhapAtra banyAM che. seminAtha maMdiranuM navasarjana e arvAcIna bhAratanA ItihAsanI virala ghaTanA che. bhUtakALamAM vAraMvAra khaMDita thayeluM A maMdira khaMDera hAlatamAM upekSita paDyuM hatuM ane bhAvike tenAthI thoDe dUra AvelA ahalyAbAI heLakare baMdhAvelA maMdiranI yAtrA karatA hatA. AjhAdI bAda saradAre upekSita maMdirane lakSamAM laI tyAM navuM maMdira karavAne saMka9pa karyo. 13-11-1947 nA roja arthAta vi.saM. 2004 nA kArtika sudi ekame-besatA varSe saradAre prabhAsa jaI somanAthanA khaMDita devAlayanI samIpe samudrataTe jaI samudrajaLa hAthamAM lIdhuM tyAre tyAM upasthita rahela jAmasAheba digvijayajIe jAhera karyuM ke "bhAratanI sarakAra seminAtha maMdiranuM navanirmANa karavA ane tiliMganI sthApanA karavA TharAva kare che. A kAma mATe jAmasAhebanA adhyakSapade somanAtha TrasTa sthapAyuM ane tenA Azraye maMdiranA navanirmANanI yojanA hAtha dharavAmAM AvI. 28 tenA sthapati tarIke zrI prabhAzaMkara somapurAne javAbadArI soMpAI. zrI ka. mA. munazI, zrI zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI ane bIjA aneka AgevAnoe A kAryamAM sAtha Ape. somanAthanA jUnA maMdirane toDI pADIne e ja jagyAe nUtana maMdira karAtuM hoI keTalIka saMsthAoe jUnI imAratane teDI pADavA sAme virodha karyo, paNa vAMdhA amAnya rakhAyA ane tA. 19-4-1950nA roja saurASTra rAjyanA paMtapradhAna zrI ucharaMgarAya Dhebare khananavidhi karyo. tA. 8-pa-10 nA roja jAmasAheba digvijayajInA varada haste zilAnyAsa vidhi thaye, tA. 11-5-51 nA zubha dine tatkAlIna rASTrapati zrI rAjendrabAbunA zubha haste tirliMganI pratiSThA thaI ane I. sa. 196ra mAM kailAsa-mahAmeru-prAsAda' rUpe e bhavya maMdira pUrNa paNe baMdhAI rahyuM. 29

Page #480
sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAo ane lokakalAo 455 samudrataTa para AveluM somanAthanuM A bhavya mahAmaMdira talamAna ane UrdhvamAnamAM tenA mULa maMdiranI nAgara zailIne anusare che. (juo paTTa 19, A. 45.) talamAnamAM garbha gRha, tenI sanmukha gUDhamaMDapa, te baMne aMgane joDatA aMtarAla, ane gUDhamaMDapamAMthI traNa bAjue kADhelI zaNagAracokIonI racanA che. garbhagRhanI Toce 175 phUTa (53. 34 mITara) UMcuM zikhara kareluM che, jyAre gUDhamaMDapane saMvaraNa prakAranuM vitAna DhAMke che. maMdiranA maMDovaranI dIvAlamAM bhadra, ratha, pratiratha vageremAM badhAM aMgenuM suMdara saMyojana thayuM che. A tribhUmika prAsAdamAM upara javA mATe tenA maMDapanA paDakhAmAM cakrIdAra sIDI karelI che. upalA majale purANuM maMdiranA avazeSa pradarzanarUpe goThavelA che.30 merakhInuM maNimaMdira vastutaH maMdira ane sacivAlaya dharAvatuM saMkula che. mULamAM vAghajI mahela ane vIliMgDana sacivAlaya karavA mATe A imArata-saMkula bAMdhavAnI zarUAta tyAMnA rAjA vAghajI ThAkore karelI. paraMtu emanA uttarAdhikArI lakhadhIrasiMhajIe emAMnA mahelane maMdira-samUhamAM pheravI sacivAlayavALo bhAga yathAvata rAkhe. madhya bhAgamAM maMdira-samUhanI racanA karavAmAM AvI ane emAM bhAratamAM pracalita nAgara temaja draviDa zailInAM zikhara karavAmAM AvyAM. temAM lakSamInArAyaNa, mahAkAlI mAtA, mahAdeva, raNachoDajI ane rAdhAkRSNanI mUtionI pratiSThA karavAmAM AvI. e sivAyane pharate mukhya bhAga sacivAlayarUpe bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM che.' amadAvAdamAM gItA maMdira AsToDiyA daravAjA bahAra zAhaAlamanA raste AveluM che. A maMdiramAM prAcIna ane navIna sthApatya-zailInuM saMyojana thayuM che. pUrvAbhimukha UbhelA A tribhUmika maMdiranA bhavya pravezadvAra (balAnaka) upara UMcuM ghaMTA-TAvara najare paDe che. e balAnAnI bahAranI dIvAla para, gItAmAM nirUpita dhArtarASTra senAnA abhirakSaka bhISmanI ane pAMDava senAnA abhirakSaka bhImanI bhavya ujaMga pratimAo UbhI karelI che. balAnakamAM thaIne nAnA khullA cokamAM javAya che. te cekane pazcima cheDe vizALa maMDapanI racanA che. cheka aMdaranA bhAgamAM vyAsapITha karelI che, jenI mukhya dIvAla 30 phUTa X 20 phUTa(94 6 mITara)nuM arjunane gItAne upadeza karatuM bhavya citra Avare che. vyAsapITha para be bhavya mUrtionAM darzana thAya che. emAM DAbI bAju pakSI svarUpanA garuDanI pITha para savAra thayela viSNunA cAra hAtha paikInA uparanA bemAM cakra ane zaMkha temaja nIcalA hAtha abhaya ane varada mudrAmAM che. jamaNI bAjunI pratimA puruSottama bhagavAnanI che. emAM AsanapITha para pralaMbapAda karIne beThelA devanA uparanA be

Page #481
456 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI hAthamAM cakra ane zaMkha che, jyAre nIcene eka hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM ane bIje januM para Tekavela che. staMbhayukata sabhAmaMDapamAM uparanI chata vagere 14 leka, tIrthadhAma, bhAratayuddha vagerenAM dazya-citrothI suzobhita che. maMDapanI dIvAle paNa paththaranI moTI moTI takatIo para samagra bhagavadgItAnA adhyAyavAra zleka katarelA che. upalA majale javA mATe cokanA baMne paDakhAmAM eka eka sIDI che. madhyanA majalAmAM traNa bAju karelI vithikAnI dIvAla para viSNunA avatAre darzAvatI ArasanAM apamUrta zilpAnI takatIo jaDelI che. A majale vithikAne eka cheDe gAyatrInI ane bIje cheDe siMhavAhinInI moTA kadanI mUrtio sthApelI che. vaLI madhyamAM narmadezvara mahAdeva, gopAlakRSNa ane caturbha ja sadAzivanI mUrtio dharAvatAM traNa garbhagRha paNa karelAM che. trIjA majalA para pazcima bAjue garbhagRha ane tenI saMmukha maMDapa ane baMne aMgane joDanAra aMtarAlanI racanA karelI che. garbhagRhamAM gItAmAtAnI caturbhuja mUrti pratiSThita che. emAM devIe pitAnA pratyeka hAthamAM parikramAme eka eka veda dhAraNa karela che. garbhagRha para UMcuM zikhara kareluM che, jyAre maMDapa upara ghUmaTAkAra chAvaNa karela che. gItA-mAtAnI barAbara saMmukha ane balAnakanI Toce tema ghaMTA-TAvaranI nIcenA bhAgamAM Ave te rIte gItAmaMdiranA praNetA zrI vidyAnaMdajI mahArAjanI UbhI pratimA pratiSThita che, jemAM emane jamaNe hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM che ane DAbA hAthe bhagavadgItA dhAraNa karela che. A maMdiranI eka vizeSatA e che ke gItAmAtAnA maMdiranA zikharamAM cAra bAju cAra dhAmamAMnA eka eka dhAmane gavAkSamAM rajU karavAmAM Avela che ane tenI AsapAsa pradakSiNa paNa karI zakAya che. gAMdhIdhAmamAM gAMdhIjInAM asthibhasma para bAMdhela asthi-samAdhimaMdira vizALa cogAnamAM pharatI vedikAyukta viziSTa ImArata che. (juo pada-16, A. 41.) emAM pravezavA mATe cAra dizAmAM cAra ThAra karelAM che. pratyeka dvArA tenA uparanI ratyAkAra kamAnathI suzobhita che. A kamAnene dhAraNa karate zivaliMganA ghATane ghUmaTa maMdiranA chAvaNarUpe zobhe che. maMdiranI cAreya dIvAla para lakhela he rAma' gAMdhIjInI smRtine saMkare che. kaMDalAnuM nirvAsitezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira34 garbhagRha, gUDha maMDapa ane pravezacokI e traNa aMgonuM baneluM che. (jue paTTa 17, A. 43,) garbhagRha paranuM zikhara pirAmiDa ghATanuM che ne e UMce jatAM Toce ekadama sAMkaDI aNIdAra Toca dhAraNa kare che. emAM pratyeka bAjue havAujAsa mATe cAra-cAra gavAkSa karelA che. tenI

Page #482
sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAo ane lokakalA 457. samukhanA gUDhamaMDapanI chata pravezabhAgamAM UMcI ane zikhara tarapha jatAM DhaLatI che. A maMDapanAM baMne paDakhAMmAM cAra-cAra gavAkSa karelA che. maMDapanI saMmukha pravezacokI karelI che, jenI chatane agrabhAgethI be staMbha Tekave che. garbhagRhamAM zivaliMga pratiSThita che, jayAre pravezacokImAM naMdinI pratiSThA karelI che. A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna keTalAka saMte, bhakto ane saMnyAsIoe navA Azrama sthApyA. AvA Azrama sAdhAraNa rIte nadI kinAre zAMta ramaNIya sthAne AvelA che. temAM ekAda maMdira, vyAkhyAna khaMDa, upAsanA ke dhyAna mATenA khaMDa temaja AvAsakhaMDa hoya che. kavacit nAnuM pustakAlaya to kyAMka nAnuM auSadhAlaya paNa samAviSTa hoya che. amadAvAdane svAmI kRSNAnaMde sthApela saMnyAsa-Azrama (I. sa. 1930), zrI raMga avadhUte nArezvaramAM sthApele avadhUta Azrama (I. sa. 19ra5), naDiyAdane zrI moTAe sthApele harioma Azrama (I. sa. 1950), bilakhA(ji. jUnAgaDha)ne zrImannathurAma zarmA sthApita AnaMda Azrama, citrAla(ji. vaDodarA)ne sAgara mahArAje sthApele sAgara Azrama (I. sa. 1816-20), rAjakoTane rAmakRSNa mizana) Azrama (I.sa. 1934), amadAvAdane punita sevAzrama (I.sa. 1944) tathA koralane punita vAnaprasthAzrama (I. sa. 1956) vagere AnAM prasiddha dRSTAMta che. A kAlanA anya AzramamAM oDhavane nityAnaMda Azrama, meTerAne sadAziva Azrama, malAva(ji. paMcamahAla) ne kRpAlu Azrama, suratane zrIbhadra Azrama, rAjakoTane sadgurusevA Azrama vagere paNa ullekhanIya che. jaina sthApatyane kSetre A kAla daramyAna saMkhyAbaMdha maMdirano jIrNoddhAra thayA. 500 jeTalAM navAM derAsara paNa baMdhAyAM. emAM mukhyatve ghara-derAsare, dhAbAbaMdhI ane ghUmaTabaMdhI derAsara uparAMta keTalAMka sarasa zikharabaMdhI maMdira paNa nirmAyAM. maMdironA A jIrNoddhAra temaja navanirmANanA kAryamAM zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANajInI peDhInuM pradAna sarvAdhika rahyuM che. A kAlanAM namUnedAra jinAlayomAM olapADanuM zAMtinA panuM (saM. 1971), pAnasara tIrthanuM dharmazALAmAMnuM mahAvIra svAmInuM (saM. 1874), kaTAriyA tIrtha(kaccha) nuM mahAvIra svAmInuM (saM. 1978), pATaNamAMnuM mahAlakSmIpADAnuM muni suvratasvAmInuM (saM. 1978), vaDanagaranuM bhojaka zerImAM AveluM AdinAthanuM (saM. 1880), taLAjA DuMgara paranuM pArzvanAthanuM (saM. 1880), mahuDInuM vIra ghaMTAkarNanuM prakhyAta maMdira (saM. 1980), lIMbaDInuM koThArI bekiMga pAsenuM zAMtinAthanuM (saM. 1881), suratamAM nAnaparA bajAramAM AveluM caMdraprabhusvAmInuM (saM. 1883), naranuM zAMtinAthanuM (saM. 1883), cArUpa tIrthanuM zAmaLiyA pArzvanAthanuM (saM. 1884), mAMDalanuM zAMtinAthanuM (saM. 1886).

Page #483
458 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI amadAvAdanuM jaina marcanTa sosAyaTImAMnuM zAMtinAthanuM (saM. 1988), peTalAdanuM lImaDI zerInuM kalyANa pArzvanAthajInuM (saM. 1889), vApInuM ajitanAthanuM (saM. 1981), kadaMbagirinuM DuMgara paranuM neminAthanuM (saM. 1994), IDaranuM killA paranuM zAMtinAthanuM (saM. 1994), zatruMjaya paranuM panAlAla bAbue karAveluM mahAvIrasvAmInuM (1995), pAlitaNAmAM taLeTImAMnuM RSabhanAthajInuM (saM. 1999), serisA tIrthanuM pArzvanAthajInuM navasarjana pAmeluM derAsara (saM. 2002) vagere dRSTAMtarUpa gaNAvI zakAya. bIjA nedhapAtra jaina sthApatyamAM vaDavA(tA. khaMbhAta)nuM zrImad rAjacaMdra gurumaMdira che (I. sa. 1916), agAsane sanAtana jainadharma zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama 38 (I. sa. 1940) temaja muni trilokacaMdrane utkaMThezvara pAse yogAzrama (I.sa. 1941) vagerene ullekha karI zakAya. islAmI sthApatyane kSetre A kAla daramyAna aneka prAcIna masjidone jIrNoddhAra thaye, jyAre keTalIka marijoe sudhArAvadhArA pAmI navIna svarUpa paNa dhAraNa karyuM. pATaNamAM anjamana-I-islAme jIrNoddhAra karAvela ekaminArI majidadeg (I. sa. 19rapa-ra6) ane vijApuramAM baMdhAyelI vaheravADamAMnI masjida81 (I. sa. 1953) AnA dRSTAMtarUpa che. navI baMdhAyelI masjidamAM amadAvAdamAM jamAlapuramAMnI memanAvADanI ziyA-bArA-imAmiyA samudAya mATenI majidakara (I. sa. 1933) ullekhanIya che. A samaye keTalAka oliyA ane pIronI kabara para daragAhe racAI. bharUcamAM cUnA bajAramAM gajhanI masjida pAse AvelI alAzAha alu-kAdarI ajilAnInI daragAha3 (Isa. 1917-18) temaja khaMbhAtamAM I. sa. 1923mAM baMdhAyela pIra malAI abdullA sAhebane kaba44 (juo pa23, A. 51) sthApatyanI dRSTie ullekhanIya daragAha che. A kAlanI majida temaja daragAhanI sthApatyakIya racanA gujarAtanI mughala kAlathI cAlI AvatI zailIne anusaratI jaNAya che. ANaMdamAM 1924-25 mAM maulavI gulAma nabIe sunnI vaherAo mATe masjida, yatImakhAnuM ane madaresA karAvyA hatAM.44 a A samaye keTalIka navI pArasI agiyArIo(agni maMdira) baMdhAI. keTalIka agiyArIone "Ataze dAdagAha'mAMthI "Ataze AdarAna' nAme jAhera svarUpanI agiyArImAM vikAsa thaye. amadAvAdanI kAMkariyAnI pArasI kelenI najIkanI zeTha aradezara DosAbhAI vADiyAjIe 1925 mAM baMdhAvelI agiyArI vADiyAjI AdarAnane nAme ane zaheramAM khamAsA geTa pAse AvelI sane 1933 nI sAlanI "vakIla ajumana AdarAne ullekhanIya che.45 AMtarika racanA para badhI agiyArIo samAna hoya che AthI ahIM dRSTAMtarUpe khamAsA geTavALI

Page #484
sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAe ane lokakalAe 459 'vakIla AdarAna'nuM sthApatyakIya svarUpa avaleAkIe.46 (jue Alekha 1.) A agiyArI khamAsA geTanI uttare bukhArI mahele javAnA raste DaeNA, dhanajIzAha edalajI a'kaleriyA meAriyala holane aDIne pazcimAbhimukhe AvelI che. mULamAM A agiyArI zeTha kharaze baherAmajI nANAMvaTIe 'Ataze dAdagAha' svarUpe baMdhAvelI (sane 1877). tene 1884mAM zeTha navarAjajI vakIla ane jahAMgIra vakIle 'Ataze AdarAna'mAM vistAra karyA ane e ja piravAra taraphathI 1933mAM emAM badhI suvidhAe umerAtAM tenuM adyatana svarUpa astivamAM AvyuM. A 'vakIla arjumana AdarAna' vizALa ceAgAnavALI, mALa vinAnI, beThI bAMdhaNInI chAparAyukta imArata che, agiyArInI mukhya ImArata ceAgAnanI madhyamAM che, jyAre cegAnanI uttare be majalAvALuM makAna che, jemAM bhoMyataLiye amadAvAda pArasI paMcAyatanuM kAryAlaya kAma kare che ane upale majale meAbheda sAhebanA upayAga mATe che. ceAgAnanA dakSiNa cheDe haiM| aMkalesariyA memoriyala haoNlamAM javAne daravAjo che. agiyArInA makAnanA maheArA para madhyabhAgamAM ArasanI takatI para maDhelAM caLakatI dhAtunAM AphrinagAnyA (agnipAtra), kreAhara (AtmAnuM pakSI svarUpanu pratIka) temaja sUrya ane tArAnAM dharma-nizana dhyAna kheMce che. pagathiyAM caDatAM varaDAmAM pravezAya che, jeno DAbI bhIMte dAtAonAM nAma dharAvatI takatIe ane agiyArIne lagatA zilAlekha che. varaMDAmAM khesava! mATenA bAjaTha (bAMkaDA) rAkhelA che. AdarAnamAM praveza karatAM eka vizALa prArthanAkhaMDa Ave che. A mukhya prArthanAkhaMDanA upayoga prArthanA uparAMta khesaNuM ane sabhAne mATe paNa thAya che. A prArthanAkhaMDanA uttara cheDe uvI sagAha nAme oLakhAtA kriyAkAmA mATene eraDA AvelA che, jemAM 103 varSa pasAra karI cUkelA pAka Ataze dAdagAha (nANu vaTIvALA mULa Ataze dAdagAha) rAzana rAkhela che.47 prArthanA khaMDanA dakSiNa cheDe guMbaja sAthenA mukhya kebale(agnikhaMDa) che, jyAM lagabhaga deDha mITara UMcA takhta upara mATA jarmana silvaranA AphrinagAnyA upara pAka Ataze AdarAna pAMce paheAra satkAra pAme che tyAre ghaMTAnAdathI vAtAvaraNa gUMjI UThe che. krebalAmAM mAkheda ke dastUra sAhebe sivAya kAI pravezI zakatuM nathI. majakUra prArthanAkhaMDamAM vI sagAhanI dakSiNe bahAra * jasanagAha(maraNAttara kriyA) mATenI jagyA temaja yajJasthaLa che. mukhya kebalAnI samIpa pUbhAgamAM karelI parasALane mukatAda eTale ke zrAddha mATe upayoga thAya che, jyAM phAharanI

Page #485
460 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ArAdhanA karavAmAM Ave che. AdarAna sAhebanA kebalAnA mukhya dvAra bahAra eka nAne khAsa prArthanAkhaMDa che, jyAM bhAvika hamadIne AdarAna sAhebanA dvAre potAnAM aramAnene Ubharo ThAlave che, namaskAra kare che, ahesAnanI lAgaNI jAhera kare che ane e mATe mAcI (caMdanane TukaDo) arpaNa kare che ane rakhyA(bhasma)nI prasAdI meLave che. prArthanAkhaMDanI pUrve bahAra vADAmAM pANIthI tananI zuddhi ane maMtroccAra dvArA mananI zuddhi karavA aMge kastIgAhanI jagyA che, jyAM kUvo, pALa sAthenI havADI ane kastI karavA mATenI sagavaDa che. e vADAnA uttara cheDe raDuM ane dakSiNa cheDe kAThabhaMDAra che. rasoDA tarapha jatAM uvasagAhanI pUve takhta sAthene alAyade khaMDa rAkhele che, je mukhya kebalAnI marAmata karAvavI hoya tyAre e darAna sAhebane thoDA samaya mATe atre birAjamAna karavA vaparAya che. purANA rivAja mujaba hamadIne khudA sAthe ekatAna thaI zake, AdarAna sAheba sAthe dila lagADI zake ane koI zabhA sajAvaTathI cittabhrama na thAya te mATe agni-maMdiramAM sAdAI rakhAya che. alabatta, pArasI kemamAM preraNAdAyI vyaktionI chabIo prArthanAkhaMDamAM TAMgavAmAM Ave che. A agiyArImAM payagaMbara aSe jarathuSTra, dAdAbhAI navarojI, sara phirojhazAha mahetA, dAtA jahAMgIra vakIla, pestanajI vakIla temaja rustama vakIla ane bAIjI dInabAI lAlakAkAnI moTA kadanI raMgIna chabIo che. A kAla daramiyAna pArasIonA dakhamA(zabanikAla-sthAna)mAM keTalAka navA zAMtiminAra (zabanikAla-imArata) umerAyA. dakhamAM lena ekasarakho hoya che. A dakhamAnI sthApatyakIya racanA beMdhapAtra che.48 (juo Alekha 2.) e Toce khUlluM hoya che. emAM paththaranI banAvelI cUnAthI dhoLelI vRttAkAra lagabhaga 6 mI. thI 9 mI. jeTalI UMcI dIvAla hoya che. moTA dakhamAne vyAsa 27 mITara heAya che. aMdaranA bhAgamAM 80 mITara parighavALI goLa pIThika paththaranI lAdIthI AvRtta hoya che. vacale bhAga pele hoya che. ene pharatI traNa vRttAkAra pAvIo-eTalIonI haroLA hoya che. dIvAla pAsenI meTI haroLamAM sahuthI moTA kadanI 'pAvI' puruSo mATe, vacalI haroLamAM vacalA kadanI pAvIo strIo mATe ane aMdaranI nAnI haroLamAM nAnA kadanI pAvIo bALaka mATe hoya che. pAvIomAMthI. nI kADhelI hoya che temAM thaIne zabamAMthI vahetuM badhuM pravAhI ne

Page #486
sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAo ane lokakalAo 461 varasAdanuM pANI vacalA UMDA bhaMDAra(khADA)mAM vahI jAya che. enuM taLiyuM paththaranI lAdIothI pharasa kareluM hoya che. zabamAMthI gIdhe pUruM mAMsa ArogI jAya tyAra bAda hADapiMjaranAM hADakAMne anukULatAe A khADAmAM nAkhI devAmAM Ave che. khADAmAMthI cAra nIke, "bhaMDAranI aMdaranI goLa dIvAlathI mAMDIne bahAranI moTI goLa dIvAlanI bahAra cAra khUNe kADhI hoya che. dareka cheDe ekeka nA kuvo hoya che. nIkanA moMe kolasAne retiyA paththara mUkIne jamInamAM vahI janAra pravAhIne zuddha karavAmAM Ave che jethI mAtA dharatI dUSita na thAya. A kuvAonAM taLiyAM pravAhI aMdara UtarI jAya tevAM hoya che tene 1.5 mI- 2.1nI UMcAI sAthe retIthI DhAMkyAM hoya che. eka cheDe bhaMDAra sudhI javAne phUTapAtha hoya che. zabane gIdhenuM bhakSya banAvavAne rivAja krAMtikArI lAge, paraMtu lAMbA samayathI pracalita che. Ama te daphana vagere karatAM agnidAhane rivAja uttama gaNAya che, paraMtu jarathostI dharma anusAra zaba jevA azuddha padArtha vaDe agnidevane dUSita karavAmAM pApa che. temane mate pRthvI, agni ane jaLane dUSita na karI zakAya. AthI hADapiMjarone tuM varasAdanuM pANI paNa nIkAmAM thaIne zuddha karatA retI-kAMkarAnA bhaMDAramAM jAya che. amadAvAdamAM khamAsA geTanI sAmenA vistAramAM pArasI agiyArInI sAme AveluM "mAgena abrAhama (I. sa. 1934) samagra gujarAtamAMnuM yahUdIonuM ekamAtra sinegoga9 (prArthanA maMdira) che. UMcI pITha para pUrvAbhimukha UbhelI A ImAratamAM racanA para AgaLane raveza, madhyane vizALa prArthanAkhaMDa, tenI vaccene nAne prArthanA-maMca, pazcima cheDe pavitra hibru bAIbala rAkhavAne maMca temaja prArthanAkhaMDamAM beThakenI upara vIthikAonI racanA najare paDe che. 2vezanI saMmukha bhavya praveza dvAra che, jayAre tenA uttara cheDe ophisakhaMDa ane dakSiNa cheDe vIthikAomAM javAnI sIDI karelI che. praveza dvAranI jamaNI bArasAkha para "sadAya' (pavitra bhasmazazI) lagAvela che, jene dareka AvanAra-janAra hAtha vaDe cUme che.pa0 aMdaranA bhavya khaMDamAM pazcima cheDe "enAlanI racanA karelI che. enAla eTale pUrI dIvAlane AvarI letA kabATa sahitane maMca. emAMnA kabATane 'tarata' kahevAmAM Ave che, jemAM hibrumAM lakhela bAIbalanA moTA eLiyA svarUpanA vIMTAo dharAvatA dhAtunA kotaraNIyukata dAbaDAo rAkhelA che. madhyamAM karelI prArthanAmaMca(vyAsapITha)ne TebA (tebah) kahevAmAM Ave che. e

Page #487
46ra AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ArasajaDita nAnA oTalA svarUpanA maMca upara pharatI lAkaDAnI vedikA karelI che ane temAM saMmukhathI pravezavAnI jagyA rAkhI che. TebAnI pazcima vedikAne AvarI letI lagabhaga be phUTa (60 se.mI.) ane traNa phUTa (90 se.mI.) jeTalI UMcI pIThikA karelI che. A maMca para bAkInAM be paDakhAMomAM babbe khurazIo mUkelI che. prArthanAnA divaso, tahevAro temaja viziSTa prasaMgoe taratamAMthI bAIbala bahAra ANuM tene pavitra pIThikA para padharAvI tenuM vAcana karavAmAM Ave che. DAbI bAjunI khurazI harjhana (dharmaguru) mATe che, jyAre temanI sAmenI khurazIo para vadhu rakamanI uchAmaNI belI bAIbala vAMcavAnI sevA meLavanAra vyakti athavA lagnanAM umedavAra varakanyA bese che. prArthanAkhaMDanAM be paDakhAMmAM purUSane besavAnA bAMkaDA goThavelA che. A khaMDamAM vAyavya khUNAmAM sunnata mATe vAparavAnI be viziSTa khurazIo che. prArthanAkhaMDamAM pazcimanI ekhAlavALI dIvAla sivAyanI traNe bAjue vIthikAe karelI che, jenA para sIDI dvArA javAya che. vIthikAomAM beThake goThavIne strIo mATe alAyadI beThaka-vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI che. enAlanI uparanA bhAgamAM menerA ciThThananI bhavya AkRti kaMDArI che, jyAre khaMDanI chatomAM sina nAmanAM paNa tArakacinanI AkRtio ane kyAMka kyAMka menorAnI AkRtionAM suzobhane paNa dRSTigocara thAya che. A imArata UrvadarzanamAM tenI ravezanI chata TekavatA UMcA bhavya gathika prakAranA be staMbha vaDe temaja epAlanI pachItavALA bhAgane prakSeparUpe bahAra kADhI tenA upara karela viziSTa prakAranA vitAna vaDe khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. (A) nAgarika sthApatya A kAla daramyAna nAgarika sthApatyane kSetre nagaraniyojana ane makAnabAMdhakAmanI bAbatamAM bhAre parivartana AvyAM. arvAcIna sthApatyane vyApaka vistAra thayo ane aneka navIna pravRttio tema ja prakriyAo pAMgarI. 20mI sadInA AraMbhathI TekanolojIne vikAsa thatAM sthApatyakSetre ijanerI kalAne praveza thayo. bIjI bAju A gALAmAM saMkhyAbaMdha tAlIma pAmelA zikSita sthapatienI vyApaka sevAo upalabdha thaI. temaNe dezavidezanI vividha sthApatyazelIo prayojI. AthI gujarAtamAM A kSetre navA unmeSa vyakta thavA lAgyA. 20mI sadInA prAraMbhathI samagra gujarAtamAM khAsa karIne zahero ane nagaromAM navI DhabanAM makAna thavA lAgyAM. emAM padArtha ane paddhati paratve sTIlanAM ekaThAM ane jaika Arka paddhatie dhAbAM karavAnI zailI prajAvI zarU thaI. navA padArtha tarIke simenTanA prayogane svIkAra thayo. joke zarUAtamAM te dhAbAM

Page #488
sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAo ane lokakalA 463 karavA pUrato sImita hato ane bAMdhakAmamAM hajI cune vaparAta. dhIme dhIme cUnAnuM sthAna simenTe lIdhuM. tevI rIte bArIo vageremAM kAcane prayoga paNa vyApaka banato gaye. rejho, TAIlsa, mArabala, kAcanI penale, bAtharUma, saMDAsamAM jaDavAnAM sAdhano vagerene prayoga vadhato gaye. makAnanI vaMDIo, sIDIo ane lokhaMDanI bArIomAM suzobhanene prayoga thavA lAgyo. rAsaracIluM ane kabATo vagerenAM suzobhanemAM gujarAtI kArIgara-suthAre potAnI paraMparAgata kuzaLatA dAkhavavA lAgyA. zaheromAM jhaDapI audyogika vikAsane laI dhaMdhAthe leke zaheramAM AvavA mAMDyA. zaheromAM vastIvadhArAne laIne te vadhu ne vadhu jaTila thatAM gayAM. tenI sAthe zahera bahAra sosAyaTIo racavAnI pravRtti vadhI. emAM navIna sthApatyazilInAM makAna ane sArvajanika makAne racAvA lAgyAM. amadAvAda vaDodarA surata rAjakoTa jAmanagara ane bhAvanagara AnAM khAsa daSTAMtarUpa gaNI zakAya. khAnagI temaja sArvajanika kSetre A samaye seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM je bhavana banyAM. emAM sinemAgRha, TAuna-hole, zepiMga senTara, bajAra, myunisipAliTInAM makAne, nizALA ane kolejonAM makAne, ghaMTAghara (TAvara), hospiTale, auSadhAlaya, prasUtigRho, chAtrAlaya, vanitAvizrAme, anAtha bAlAzramo, relave sTezane, myujhiyama, jAhera pustakAlaya, kalaba hAuso, be ke, svarAja-Azramo tathA DAkabaMgalAone nirdeza karI zakAya. bhAvanagaranA mahArAjAe cAca(ji. amarelI)mAM baMdhAvela mahela, vaDodarAne ziva mahela, gherAjInuM supeDIvAlA menzana, jUnAgaDhanuM zazI-kuMja, perabaMdaranuM kIrti maMdira, ANaMdanuM saradAra paTela TAvara, amadAvAdane gAMdhI Azrama ane bAraDolIne svarAja-Azrama, jAmanagaranuM saileriyama ane tyAMnuM dhanvantari maMdira, bAlAcaDInI sinika skUla, ribaMdaranuM Arya kanyA gurukula, mIrAkheDI(ji. paMcamahAla)ne bhIla-Azrama, vaDodarAnI senTrala lAIbrerI, amadAvAdanAM mA. je. lAyabrerI, TAuna hola, saMskArakendra tathA aTIrA vagere saMkhyAbaMdha bhavane AnA dRSTAMtarUpe gaNAvI zakAya. (6) zilpakalA zilpakalAne kSetre A kAlamAM keI navA unmeSa pragaTayA hevAnuM varatAtuM nathI. devamUrtio paraMparAgata zilIe thatI paNa temAM kyAMka kyAMka vastrAbhUSaNa navIna Dhabe rajU karavAmAM AvatAM.10 a A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna rASTriya netAo temaja dhArmika tema sAmAjika kSetre viziSTa pradAna karanAra vyaktivizeSa ane sAhityakAronAM pUtaLAM banAvI tene jAhera sthAnamAM mUkavAne pracAra thayo.

Page #489
464 AjhAdI pahelA ane pachI AvAM mUrtizilpa ghaNuM karIne pUrA kadanAM ke UrvArdha dharAvatAM kAMsAnAM ke pASANanAM banelAM che. emAM ThekaThekANe mUkelAM gAMdhIjI ane saradAranAM pUtaLAM vizeSa najare paDe che. vallabhavidyAnagaranA zrI kAMtibhAI paTele ghaDelAM mUrti zilpa bhAva ane kalA baMnenI abhivyakti paratve sarvAdhika prazaMsA pAmyAM che. vaLI A kAlapaTa daramyAna aneka sthaLoe zahIda smAraka UbhAM karavAmAM AvyAM, jemAM paNa zilpakalA daSTigocara thAya che. A samayanAM makAnamAM kyAreka chatamAM tathA kaMpAunDanA daravAjAomAM bArI-bAraNuM, kaTheDA temaja vaMDImAM paNa zilpa-sajAvaTa thavA lAgI, jyAre rAcaracIlAmAM paraMparAgata zilpazailI vyakta thatI rahI.. 2. hunnarakalAo ane levAo hunnara kalAo ane lokakalAo gujarAtanA kalApriya ane sauMdarya-priya leke mATe amUlo sAMskRtika vArase che. raMgakAma raMgakAmane hunnara gujarAtanAM moTA bhAganAM gAma ane zaheromAM vikasele jovA maLe che. A hunnaranA kArIgaro mukhyatve khatrI, bhAvasAra, chIpA vagere komanA heya che. bAMdhaNI e gujarAtanA kaccha ane saurASTranA vistAromAM khAsa prasiddha che. bAMdhaNInI kaLAmAM mukhya be bAbata-bAMdhavuM ane raMgavuM-e che. kacchanI bAMdhaNI prAcIna DhabanI che, je khUba zrama mAgI le che. emAM saMkhyAbaMdha TapakAMo mukAtAM. jAmanagarI bAMdhaNImAM Adhunika raMga ane DijhAIne heya che. bAMdhaNInI kaLA mukhyatve sADImAM vaparAya che. uparAMta cAdara, lUgI, dupaTTA vageremAM paNa have bAMdhaNuM-kAma karavAmAM Ave che. raMgavAnuM kAma puruSe kare, jyAre bAMdhavAnuM kAma strIo kare che. bAMdhaNInI prakriyA kalAdaSTi, hAthanI kuzaLa kArIgarI, raMganI parakha ane tenI meLavaNInuM jJAna mAgI le che." kApaDa para gesathI DijhAIne dorI tenA para lAkaDAnA blokathI DijhAIne paDAtI. kApaDane je bhAga mULa raMgamAM rAkhavAnuM hoya tene bAMdhI bAkInA bhAgane raMga caDAvavAmAM Ave che. tyAra pachI DijhAInane dareka raMga caDAvatI vakhate raMgavAne bhAga khulle rAkhI bAkIne bhAga bAMdhI devAmAM Ave che. A pramANe jeTalA raMga teTalI vAra bAMdhavAnuM ne raMgavAnuM kAma karAya che. AmAM raMga ne rasAyaNonI pasaMdagI kevA prakAranA kApaDa upara bAMdhaNI karavAnI che tene AdhAre thAya che.

Page #490
sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAe ane leAkalA bAMdhaNInI DijhAInemAM mukhyatve mIMDAM, cArasa, phUla, pAMdaDAM, pazu-pakSIo, DhIMgalIo vagere bhaumitika ane kudaratI DijhAina karAtI. bAMdhaNI mukhyatve lAla raMganI banAvAtI. ghaNI vAra bAMdhaNImAM jarIte upayoga paNa thatA. bAMdhaNInA raMgATa karavAnI badhI ja prathA saurASTranA gharacoLAmAM paNa pracalita che,para 465 pATaNamAM paTeALAM banAvavAnA kasaba ghaNA prAcIna kAlathI hAvAnuM manAya che. prastuta kAlamAM paNa keTalAMka sALavI kuTuMbe A hunnaramAM hatAM. mAthAnA vALa karatAM paNa jhINA tANAvANAne prathama bAMdhI pachIthI ene vividha raMgeAmAM eka eka karI raMgIna bhAta pramANe geAThavavAmAM AvatI. anekhA prakAranI vaNATanI kArIgarInA A namUnAmAM zuddha rezama para caTAI DijhAinamAM bhaumitika AkRti vizeSa banAvavAmAM AvatI. A uparAMta nArI-ku Mjara pAnabhAta phUlavADI cekaDIbhAta ane pazu-pakSInI AkRtio karAtI.paka AmAM rezamanA dvArAnA upayeAga karI vividha raMgAnA rezamanA dvArA gUxthI tathA vaNIne kArIgara vividha bhAta upasAvatA. paTALAnA mULa raMga lAla pILA lIle! kALA ne sapheda rakhAtA. jarIkAmanA hunnaramAM khAsa karIne khatrI rANA paTela ane kaNukhI kAmA joDAyelI hatI. A hunnaramAM cAMdInA jADA tAra banAvI, pachIthI vALa jevA nAnA pAtaLA tAramAM enu rUpAMtara karI, ene rezamanA tAMtaNAmAM vaNIne jarI banAvAtI, jarIne sAnerI banAvavA e jAtanA ra`ga caDAvAtA. jarIkAmanA hunnaranA be mukhya bhAga hatA H ekamAM jarI banAvAtI, jyAre khIjAmAM jarInI sADI kheAra ane anya cIjavastuo banatI. jarImAM karavAmAM AvatI DijhAIne sAdI ane bhaumitika temaja phUlAvALI ane pazu-pakSIonA AkAravALI karAtI. suratamAM nakalI ane asalI jarInI ema be mukhya jAtA banatI. eka tA jarInA sAcA te nakalI dArAe, jemAMthI sADI bharata, sADI mAra vagere bane, jyAre anya banAvaTemAM TIkI caLaka bAkkuM sAlamA vagere bane.54 jetapuranuM chapAIkAma mAtra gujarAtamAM ja nahi, samagra dezamAM jANItuM hatuM. ahI' mATe bhAge khatrI ane chIpA leAka blAka ane skrIna prinTiMga karatA, uparAMta muslima paTela vagere kAmo paNa A kAmamAM joDAyelI hatI. chApakAmanA 30

Page #491
466 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI judA judA raMga pramANe enI skrIna banatI. DijhAIne mukhyatve bhaumitika temaja phUla vela pAMdaDAM vagerenI rahetI.55 bATikanuM AjanuM svarUpa bhAratamAM zAMtiniketanamAMthI zrImatI pratimA TAgere paricita karAvyuM. bATikanI raMga karavAnI kaLA kaMIka bAMdhaNI jevI che, paraMtu AmAM mINanI madadathI vividha bhAta pADavAmAM Ave che. sutarAu ke rezamI kApaDa upara jyAM jyAM raMga caDAvavo hoya teTalo bhAga khAlI rAkhI bAkInA kApaDanI baMne bAjue mINa bharI devAya. A pachI kApaDane raMgamAM baLI, cAre khUNethI kheMcI rAkhI, e paramINa reDI keTalAka avanavA AkAra sajI zakAya. mINa lagADIne raMga caDAvyA pachI je bIjA raMganuM kAma karavAnuM hoya te be paddhati vaparAyaH eka te prathama raMga mATe lagADeluM mINa kApaDane garama pANImAM baLane ukheDI laI, bIjA raMga mATe navuM mINa lagADIne pachI kApaDane bIjA raMgamAM baLavAmAM Ave athavA prathama lagADelA mINane ema ne ema rahevA daI bIjA raMga mATe navuM mINa lagADIne kApaDane bIjA raMgamAM boLavAmAM Ave. Ama pratyeka raMga mATe dareka vakhate navuM mINa copaDavAnI kriyA karavI paDe. pratyeka vakhate raMga caDAvyA pachI kApaDane chAMye sUkavI, pachI ene cekhA pANIthI dhoI, tyAra pachI ja bIjA raMganuM kAma karAya. asala te vanaspatijanya raMgo vaparAtA, Aje "eNnthala" ke "naithila banAvaTanA raMge bATikamAM vaparAya che. bATikamAM saraLa vaLAMke ane bhAre rekhAovALI bhAta sarasa uThAva pakaDe che.pa6 kalamakArI ke mAtAnA caMdaravA tarIke oLakhAtI kaLA khUba pracalita banI che. emAM vanaspatijanya raMgo temaja evAM ja rasAyaNonI milAvaTathI kApaDa upara A chApakAma karavAmAM Ave che. majIThanA upayogathI thatI A chApakaLAmAM vAghanI savArI karI rahela ane bhaktavRMdathI vIMTaLAyelI durgA mAtAnI bhAta vizeSa jovA maLe che. bharatakAma mULa balucistAna aphaghAnistAna paMjAba siMdhamAM thaI kaccha-saurASTramAM bharataparaMparA prasarI hovAnuM manAya che. bharataprathAmAM zarUAtamAM ekasarakhA raMga TAMkA TebhA bharAtA hatA. samaya jatAM emAM yuropIya pArasI ane dezI bhAratanuM saMyejana thatuM gayuM. svarAjya AvyA pachI bharavAnAM mazIna AvyAM ane hAthanA lekabharatane kasaba mazInee kheMcI lIdhe.

Page #492
sthApatya, zilpa hunnara kalAo ane lokakalAo 467 saurASTranuM lokabharata e paraMparAe UtarI AvelA viziSTa kalA-prakAra ane kasaba che. saurASTranA bharatakAmamAM siMdha paMjAba baMgALa ane madhya pradeza tathA rAjasthAnanuM sejita svarUpa vikaseluM hovA chatAM saurASTra bhAratamAM bhAta-suzobhana e ene Agavo prakAra banyo che.' saurASTranA bharatakAmamAM mukhyatve mocI bharata kAThIbharata mahAjanabharata AhIrabharata ane kaNabIbharata e pAMca zailI vikasI. mocI bharata mocI paraMparA vizeSataH dhaMdhAdArI paraMparA gaNAya che. rAjapUta temaja kAThI ThAkoronA darabAramAM rAjakuMvarIone dAyarAmAM ApavA aneka jaNase taiyAra karAtI temAM bharatakAma rAca mocI kasabIo taiyAra karatA. saurASTramAM moTe bhAge karachI kArIgaro AvatA. mocIbhAratamAM rezamI kApaDa upara hIra ane senAnA bArIka tAranA bharata bharAtAM. kumAzavALA cAmaDA para paNa sonA-rUpAnA tArathI bharata vividha vastuo mATe thatuM, je cAmaDA-bharata kahevAtuM. pachI e kAma kiMmatI kApaDa para UtaryuM. have rAtA jAMbalI ke sonerI pILA kApaDa upara UMcI jAtanA kiramajI rAtA jAMbalI senerI pILA sapheda temaja kALA hIranA derAnuM ArIthI temaja jhINI soyathI bharata karavAmAM Ave che. sAMkaLI temaja phAMTiyAthI bagacI cAkaLI taraNa caNiyA kamakhAmAM coka pADI karamakUla goTA phUla buTTA pepaTa mera vagere jevI bhAtanI AkRtionAM atalasa upara hIra-bharata bharavAmAM AvatAM. rezamI ghAgharAnI kera ane upara mora pUtaLInAM ArIbharata karAtAM, vastune suMdara banAvavA cAkaLA caMdaravA taraNa pichavAI jevA moTA rAjamAM gAya hAthI pAlakhI velaDuM pAraNuM sakhIvRMda ane kRSNalIlAnAM dRzya paNa hIrabhAratamAM thatAM. A bharatamAM nAnA AbhalAne bharIne hIrabharatane manohara banAvAtAM.59 karachI mocI-ArIbhAratamAM suratanI gai temaja mAMDavI jAmanagaranI atalasa upara basarAI hIranA derAthI temaja cInAI rezamathI bahu ja nAjuka citra jevuM cokakasa bharatakAma thatuM. hIrabharatanuM jhINuM kAma jhINI seva ane ArothI bArIka hIraderAthI thatuM. bhAratamAM sAkaLIne saLaMga TAMke cAlyo Avato jethI kAma sIdhuM saheluM lAge, paNa rezamI pita upara rezamI jhINuM derAthI nAjuka AkRti ane cokkasa raMga

Page #493
AjhAdI pahelA ane pachI upasAvavAmAM kArIgaranI jhINI najara ane kalA-sajha joie. chI ArIbharatanA rAcamAM strIone paheravAnAM kapaDAM sADI kAra dhAdharApaTa ane gharazaNagAranAM tAraNu cAkaLA bagacI ane khaTavA jevI jaNasa thatI, 0 kADhIbharata }z saurASTranI kAThI kAmanuM bharata vadhAre AkRti-pradhAna ane citrAtmaka temaja thAtattvavALuM heAya che. kAThI strIenI raMga-samaja UMDI ane bharata khAsa karIne gUDha raMgA mATe vadhAre pakSapAtavALuM heAya che. kAThIbharatakAmane mATe hAtha vaNATanu mulAyama kApaDa pasaMda karI, enA upara gulAbI jAMbalI seAnerI pIje1 lIlA ane sapheda sevALiyA ane kesariyA rezamanA tAraneA upayeAga khUba ja kuzaLatApUrvIka karI, DhAlA-mAru, vaccharAja se|lakI, rAmAyaNa kRSNalIlA vagere temaja jIvatA jIvAnI pratikRti uparAMta phUlageTA, jhINA kAMgarA, thIpAbharata, aDadiyA khajUrA bAvaLiyA vagerenI bhAta karavAmAM AvatI. 'sUrajasthApana' e paNa ka!ThIbharatanuM AgavuM aMga gaNAya.61 kAThIbharatakAmamAM pachIta pATI khesaNu cAMkaLA TADaliyA teAraNa zAkhiyA uleca vagere gRha-zAbhana temaja velaDAM tathA pazu zaNagAranuM bharata vizeSa bharAya che. mahAjanabharata saurASTranI ujaLiyAta kAma-mahAjana vageremAM paNa bharata bharavAne cAla hatA, emanuM bharata suMdara, ThAMsI ThAMsIne bharelu, vadhAre paDatu sApha ane cIvaTavALuM dekhAya che. mahAjanabharata kAM te raMgIna peAta athavA kAI vAra atalasa ke gajI kApaDa upara bharAtu FR mahAjanabharatamAM vizeSataH sapheda ke vAdaLI raMganA kApaDa upara bharatanI AkhI bhUmikAnu' bharata gherA gulAkhI raMganA rezamathI karAtuM gulAkhI raMganI bhUmikA para sapheda pILA lIle vAdaLI ra`ga vaparAtA. A zailImAM gAjanA TAMkAthI coDavAmAM AvatA AbhalAMnuM bharatakAma ghaNuM ja uThAvadAra banatuM. A bharatanI khIjI khAsa viziSTatA e AkhA bharatakAmanI cAre bAjunI kinAra najIka ekasarakhA kAMgarA bharAtA ane kAMgarAonAM mAthAM merapagalAMnA TAMkAthI bAMdhavAmAM AvatAM.63 mahAjanabharatanI bhAta--AkRtionA pravAha kASThazilpa pichavAI kalamakArI pAmarI ane paTALAMnI bAMdhaNImAMthI temaja meAcI ane kAThIbharatamAMthI AvyA che. pAMca sAta ke nava kAthaLanAM tAraNa ke cAra ke nava cAkanA cALA ke thIpAmAM cArekAra merapagalAMnu` mAthuM bAMdhela kAMgarA, AbhalAM ane khajUrI vagerenI AkRtio thatI.64

Page #494
sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAo ane lokakalAo 468 A bharatakAmamAM lIkhano TAMke, cokaDI TAke, goLa dANe ane morapagalAM viziSTa bhAta pADe che. A bharata kacchanA mahAjanabharata karatAM caDiyAtuM dekhAya che. kacchanA mahAjanabharata upara tyAMnA mocI bharatanI asara dekhAya che. AhIrabharata saurASTranA AhIrabharata para kAThIbharatanI chAMTa jovA maLe che. kheDavAyA vargomAM AhIronuM bharatakAma zreSTha che. macchoyA paMcaLI ane soraThiyA e traNa parajanA AhIromAM soraThiyA AhIranuM bharatakAma vadhAre bhabhakadAra ane sthira dekhAya che. AhIrabharatamAM sapheda khAdInA pita para kiramajI jAMbalI rAtA vagere hIra temaja sutarAu derAthI bharata bharAya che. AhIrabharatamAM AbhalAne ThIka ThIka upayoga thatuM. paheraveza temaja gRhasuzobhananI vastuomAM strIonAM kapaDAM, bALakanI kacalI TopI vagere tathA tAraNanI kothaLIo temaja baLadanI mAthAvaTI phUla zIgaDiyA vagere banAvAya che. 5 kaccha ane saurASTranI sarahada pAsenA AhIrabhAratamAM lIlA ane lAla pILA raMganI DhAliyA upara rAkhavAnI kIla ke maLImAM prAkRtika AkRtionI racanA suMdara rIte karAya che. jUnAgaDha taraphanA soraThI AhIrabhAratamAM dhoLAgadAmAM suzobhana ane moTA phUlavelanI bhAta sAthe AkRtinuM paNa saMyojana karAya che. vALAkI paMcoLI AhIranA bharatamAM bhAta ane gadamAM AMbo bAjoTha miyArA-valeNuM vizeSa svarUpanA chatAM saraLa prAkRtika svarUpe bharAya che. | madhya saurASTranA jAmanagara hAlAra vistAranA AhIrabhAratamAM pILA pitA para pipaTa pUtaLIo meTA moTA goTIphUla ane vacce AbhalAM TAMkavAmAM Ave che. - baraDAnA porabaMdaranA meramAM bharatane khAsa cAla nathI. mera kAmamAM bhArataALekhanAM citarAmaNa khAsa thAya che, chatAM kyAreka gherA raMganI bhUmikAvALA cAkaLAmAM pipaTa pAMdaDI ane meTAM AbhalAM TAMkavAne vizeSa cAla najare paDe che. okhAnA vAgheromAM bharata bahu ja ochuM jovA maLe che, chatAM vAghera strIo gheDAnI maMtharAvaTI, UMTanI lelAvaTI ane nAnA-nAnA gRhazobhananA bhAratamAM kAcakhAMkhane baheLA pramANamAM TAMke che. 66 kaNabIbharata saurASTramAM gehilavADa paMthakanA leuvA kaNabInuM bharatakAma ane madhya saurASTra ane seraThanA kaDavA kaNabInuM bharatakAma viziSTa bhAta pADe che.

Page #495
470 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pILA athavA sapheda raMganA kApaDa upara gulAbI ane sapheda raMganA rezamanA goTA tathA vijavela temaja cekhacalIthI khAnA coka khaMDa badhI, koI vAra sonerI tU I mUkI aMdara AbhalAM sAthe bharata bharavuM e A kAmanA bharatakAmanuM AgavuM aMga gaNAya. kaNabIbharatamAM toraNa bArakhiyA uleca caMdaravA cAkaLA baLadanI jhUla, mAthAvaTI ghAgharA kApaDAM oDhaNunI kAra vageremAM bharata bharavAne cAla che. bharatakAmanI A mukhya zailIo uparAMta rabArI satavArA aboTI sagara jevI jAtionI paNa bharatakAmamAM dekhAI Ave tevI tarAha paNa hoya che. kacchamAM komavAra bharatakAmanI lAkSaNiktA alaga tarI Ave che. A rIte Ayara rabArI kaNabI bhaNasAlI vAgaDiyA rajapUta ThakarAI osavALa jata ane khAsa karI baniyAnuM bharatakAma emanI pitAnI AgavI rIte rUpamAM ane raMge viziSTa bhAta pADe che. evI rIte bharatakAmamAM vaparAtAM enAM rUpalakSaNa paNa paraMparAgata peDhI-darapeDhI emanA vaMzajone maLyA karyA che. ekaMdare jotAM emAM sAMkaLI ane AMTiyALA lapeTA TAMkA tathA AbhalAMnuM bharata ekasarakhuM jovA maLe che. sAMkaLI bharatanA kAmanI viziSTatA e "kacchI bharatInI khAsa prakAranI eka AgavI zailI gaNAvAya. kacchanI bharatakAmanI AkRtiomAM mora, pAMdaDiyA kamaLaphUlane cakara vagere enI lAkSaNikatA gaNAya che karachanA bannI prAMtanuM bharata khAsa prakAranuM che. tyAM vasatAM jata rAyasIpitrA hAlepotrA matavA hIMgorA sumarA juNeja vagere mAladhArI nArInA karakasaba bharatakAma ane kavATakAmamAM jhINI vigate ane raMganI uThAvadAra meLavaNI e enI viziSTatA che.8 A bharata upara balucI ane siMdhI asara dekhAya che, sAthe kacchI jhINavaTa ane khAI jovA maLe che. jAta matavAnuM bannInuM bharata enA paheravAnA AkhA kajarImAM zreSTha prakAranuM dekhAya che. A bharatamAM sAMkaLI ane gAjanA TAMkAthI jhINuM TapakI ane buTTAdAra bhAta racAya che, jemAM jhINAM AbhalAM TAMkelAM hoya che. rezamI ke sutarAu kApaDa para lAla lIlA vAdaLI sonerI sapheda ane kALA rezamI dorAne joItA pramANamAM e raMga UThI nIkaLe evA kApaDa upara bharAya che. banInI muslima bahene enA bharatamAM jIvaMta pazu-paMkhIonI AkRtio bharatI nathI.

Page #496
471 sthApatya, zi95, hunnara kalAo ane lokakalAo kacchI bharatamAM jhINAM vividha AkRtinA geLa trikoNa, ghaulA-AbhalAM bharI e baniyAra kasabane zobhate banAve che.69 Ama lokabhAratamAM raMga bhAta AkRti ane uThAvamAM paraMparAgata lekasaMskRtinA anekavidha aMza sacavAyelA jovA maLe che. dhAtukAma gujarAtamAM nAnAM moTAM zahera ane gAmaDAMomAM tAMbA-pittaLanAM vAsaNa sonA-cAMdInA ghareNAM sUDI cappAM ane hAthIdAMtanI cIjo banAvAtI. kaccha ane jAmanagaramAM sUDI cApAM charI tema talavAranI mUTha vagerenI banAvaTo para kalAtmaka kotaraNa karavAmAM AvatI. emAM kyAreka strI-puruSanI AkRtio, pazu pakSInA AkAranI sUDIo banAvAya che. cappAM charInA mUThanA AkAramAM gheDA siMha vAgha vagerenI AkRtio banAvAtI. hathiyAra tarIke vaparAtAM sAdhanamAM paNa vividha AkAro karAtA. | gujarAta kaccha ane saurASTramAM senA-cAMdInA ghareNAM banAvavAnI kalA enI viziSTa bhAta ane AkArone laIne judI paDe che. kaccha-saurASTranA grAmavistAranI strIonA alaMkAromAM ghaNuM vividhatA jovA maLe che. A alaMkAromAM mukhyatave mAthAnA seMthAnI DeDI, kAnamAM paheravAnA ThaLiyA, pAMDI laviMgiyA sAMpavuM TeTI ameTA veDalI vagere, nAkamAM paheravAnI cUMka na cUnI vagere, gaLAmAMnI hAMsaDI mohanahAra baraghalI vagere tathA hAthapaganA veDhalA ityAdimAM vividhatA jovA maLe che.70 ka7- porabaMdaranI kArIgarImAM rAmana ane mugalAI DijhAInanI chApa dekhAya che. enA upara kotarakAma tathA esiMga ane mInAkArI karavAmAM AvatI. AmAM mukhyatve Tre aizaTe pAnadAnI pyAlA kuMkumadAnI phalAvara phoTo phrema vagere banAvAya che. ghareNAMomAM hIrA metI mANeka jevI kiMmatI cIjo paNa jaDavAmAM Ave che. tAMbA-pittaLanI kalAtmaka banAvaTanuM kAma kaMsArA jJAtinA kArIgare emanA gharaAMgaNe ja karatA. gujarAtamAM zihAramAM nAta-jamaNunA moTA kadanAM vAsaNa uparAMta dhArmika vidhi mATe vaparAtAM paMcapAtra AcamanI vagere banatAM. DabhoI ane vaDodarAmAM pittaLanI pavAlI thALI kathareTa vagere gharavaparAzanAM vAsaNa banatAM. vIsanagara tAMbAnA vAsaNa, jevAM ke goLI tAMbADI

Page #497
472 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vagere mATe ane vaDhavANa pittaLanI goLI ghaDA gAgara bogharaNuM vagere mATe, jyAre jAmanagara tapelAM leTA vagere mATe prakhyAta che. saurASTramAM kAThI kemamAM dIkarIne kariyAvarane sAmAna ApavA mATe pittaLanA meTA dAbaDA kaTodAna gaLI apAtAM. AvA dAbaDA upara kyAreka pUtaLIo ane kamaLanI bhAta kotaravAmAM AvatI. pittaLamAMthI devadevIonI temaja jaina tIrthakaronI nAnI moTI mUrtio paNa banAvavAmAM AvatI. bhAvanagara pAsenuM ghoghA dhAtumUrti banAvavAnuM eka keMdra hatuM? A uparAMta pittaLanI ane DhALAnI AratIo dIvIo rAma ane kRSNalIlAne rajU karatA kAMsA-tAMbA-pittaLanA kaLaza, hIMcakAnI sAMkaLa, pAnapeTIo surAhI, pANInA kuMjA vagere lekakalAnA aMzone jALavI rAkhatA dhAtukAmanA namUnAo che. mitIbharata-gUMthaNa | gujarAtamAM kaccha-saurASTramAM bharatakAma sAthe metIbharata-gUMthaNane paNa vikAsa thayelo jovA maLe che. jUnA kAThiyAvADanA rAjakIya zAMti ane sthiratAnA divasomAM samudrapArane vepAra karatA kacchI bhATiyA ane saurASTranA vANiyAmAM mahAjana-motIbharata zarU thayuM. kAThI kemamAM motIgUMthaNa pravezya. kaNabI AhIra jevI kheDUta kemomAM paNa motIgUMthaNa zarU thayuM. saurASTramAM motIbharatamAM mukhyatve kIDiyAM ane kyAMka kyAMka sAkariyAM motIne vaparAza dekhAya che. vIsamI sadInA cothA dAyakAthI ITAliyana motInAM kada ghATa raMga anizcita temaja halakAM thaI jatAM vaparAza ghaTI gaye. saurASTramAM traNa motInuM bharatakAma vizeSa prasAramAM AvyuM. traNa motInA bharatamAM kAThI tathA mahAjanazailInuM gUMthaNa chUTuM karavAmAM AvatuM, jyAre kaNabIbharata jADA lAla kapaDA upara motIbharata vakhate ja TAMkA pAchaLanA kApaDa sAthe levAyela hovAthI ghaNuM ja TakAu banatuM. kAThInA motIbharatamAM rUpakAma ane bhUmitinA kaNathI banatI keTalAka prakAranAM phalenI AkRtio tathA mahAbhAratanA prasaMge gaNeza sthApana sUraja

Page #498
473 sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAo ane lekakalAo sthApana aMbikA sthApana copATa-segaThAM pAraNAM cAkaLA cAMkaLI IMDhoNI talavAranuM myAna gheDAnA zaNagAra vagere namUnA banAvatA. kAThI-matIbharata pachI motIbharatanI vyApaka zailI kaNabI-motIbharatanI gaNAya. eka motI laI UbhI lITIe motIbharatamAM bhUmitinA keNa tathA vAgha cittA siMha gAya hAthI vagere pazunuM rUpakAma thatuM. A bharatamAM vacce moTA goLa ane corasa AbhalAM gUMthavAmAM AvatAM. kaNabIbharatanI pachIta-pATIenA nIcalA bhAge UnanAM kumakAM ane valamotInI jALIo bAMdhavAmAM Ave che, je enI khAsa vizeSatA gaNAya. AmAM vIMjhaNe to raNu IMDhoNa kaMkAvaTI nALiyera baLadanA zaNagAra, vagere banatA. mahAjanazailInuM matIbharata khAsa karIne saurASTranA samudrakinArAnA keTalAka bhAgamAM thAya che. A zailInA motIbhAratamAM vizeSataH bhUmitinA koNe pazu, pakSIonuM rUpakAma, zrInAthajIdarzana uparAMta cAkaLAM tAraNa gharavaparAzanI cIjo, dukAna ke peDhI upara vaparAtAM sAdhana, jevAM ke khaDiyA kalama vagere tathA pUjAnAM siMhAsana vagere vastuonuM motIbharata thayeluM jovA maLe che. cha3 | muslima memaNa kAmanA cAkaLAmAM AkRtione sthAna na hovAthI emAM bhUmitinI AkRtio, TIpakI laheriyA jevI suMdara gUMthaNI gherA lIlA AsamAnI rAtAM ane sapheda matIthI bharela hoya che.74 rabArI suthAra luhAra sonI brAhmaNa jevI ke vAratahevAre temaja zubha avasare khapa lAge tevI jarUragI motIbharatanI cIjo bhare che. mATIkAma mATIkAmanA huramAM mATInAM vAsaNa ramakaDAM naLiyAM IMTa TAIlsa cInAI mATInI cIjavastu vagerene samAveza thAya che. | gujarAtanA dareka jillAmAM A hunnara vatte oche aMze jovA maLe che. kaccha ane saurASTramAM gharavaparAzanAM mATInAM vAsaNemAM goLI mATalI kulaDI vagere banAvavAmAM Ave che. kyAreka enA para sapheda ane kALA raMgathI bhaumitika DijhAI deravAmAM Ave che. kacchamAM A hunnaramAM muslima kuMbhAra joDAyelA che. e jIvanajarUriyAtanAM vAsaNe uparAMta. hukkA ramakaDAM gharanI dIvAlanuM suzobhana vagerenuM kAma karatA. A badhAM vAsaNanA AkAra ane enA para karAtA AlekhanamAM siMdhanI asara spaSTa varatAya che.

Page #499
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gujarAtanA AdivAsI vistAramAM hAthabanAvaTanAM naLiyAM iMTA vAsaNu, devadevIonAM pUtaLAM, dhADA hAthI vagere bane che. pATaNa-uttara gujarAtamAM mATInAM ramakaDAM banAvavAnA hunnara ghaNA vikAsa pAmele. 474 mATInAM vAsaNA ane ramakaDAM upara prAkRtika dazyA ane phUlavela ke bhaumitika AkRtie cItaravAmAM AvatI. A kAma khAsa karIne strIe karatI. saurASTramAM mArIM-thAna jevAM keMdra naLiyAM TAilsa, cInAI mATInAM vAsaNu, jevAM ke kapa-rakAbI baraNI DizA vADakA vagere mATe prakhyAta thayAM che. lAkha ke kharAdIkAma A hunnaranuM mukhya keMdra sa'kheDA che. lAkaDA upara kalAI-mizrita lAkhathI mInAkArImAM naisargIka dRzyo, vechUTA, bhaumitika AkRtie deravAmAM AvatI. enI banAvaTAmAM ghADiyAM palaMga ramakaDAM saphA-seTa jhUlA bAjaTha vagere aneka vastu taiyAra thAya che. hAthIdAMtanI kalA hAthIdAMtanI banAvaTAmAM hAthamAM paheravAnAM cUDA cUDIe balAmAM vagere uparAMta charI-cappAMnA hAthA, jhaverAtanI peTIo, gulAbadAnI, devadevIonI nAnI pratimAe paNu banAvAtI. A hunnaramAM khAsa karIne maNiyAra jJAtinA kArIgarA joDAyelA che.

Page #500
sthApatya, zilpa, hunnara kalAo ane lokakalAe 475 pAdaTIpa 9. Gujarat Disirici Gazetteer (GDG): Surendranagar, p. 725 2. juo upara, pR. 373 (A graMthamAM) 3. GDG : Amreli, p. 623 8. GDG : Dangs, p. 499 5. GDG : Vadodara, p. 808 6. juo upara, pR. 377 7. narmadAzaMkara bhaTTa, "khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana, pR. 289, 312 8. juo upara, pR. 373 9. narmadAzaMkara bhaTTa, uparyukta, pR. 289 10. juo upara, pR. 383 11. GDG : Mehsana, p. 801 12-13. juo upara, pR. 373 14-15. juo upara, pR. 383 16. rAmasiMha rAThoDa, kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana 5 221; GDG : Kutch, | P. 596 17. juo upara, pR. 373 18. juo upara, pR. 371 19. zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, prabhAsa ane semanAtha', pR. 356; K. M. Munshi, Somnath the Shrine Eternal, pp. 42 ff, 58f; GDG : Junagadh p. 831 20. GDG : Rajkot, p. 619 21. "carotara sarvasaMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 17. 22. GDG : Kheda, p. 797 23. Ibid, P. 834 24. A maMdiramAM rAma sItA ane lakSamaNanI mUrtionAM vezabhUSA ane sajAvaTa arvAcIna DhabanAM che. juo GDG: Panchmahals, Plate 7. 25. juo upara, pR. 383, 26 juo upara, pR. 37ra 27. rAmasiMha rAThoDa, uparyukta, pR. 222 28, zaMbhuprasAda dezAI, uparyukta, pR. 356 29. ejana, pR. 356-57; K. M. Munshi, Op, ci, pp. 4.ft., 58ff, 30 pAchaLathI (1970mAM) A maMdiramAM praveza mATenuM balAnaka mULa maMdiranA balAnakanA sthAne ja bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM. sadgata jAmasAhebanA nAma parathI emanI smRtimAM e balAnakane "digvijayasiMhajI dvAra'nuM nAma apAyuM che.-juo P. H. Premani (ed.), Guide to Somnath, p. 14 31. GDCG Rajkot, p. 619 32-34. svanirIkSaNa parathI

Page #501
476 AjhAdI pahelA ane pachI 35. vigatA mATe jue A peDhIe pragaTa karela bRhadmatha, 'jainatIrtha' sarvasaMgraha'--bhAga 1. 36. mahuDInuM vIra ghaMTAkarNInu` ma`dira lakhacArasa ghATanuM pUrvAbhimukha dhAbAbaMdhI madira che. enA pazcima cheDe karelA garbhagRhamAM dhanuSabANu dhAraNa karela vIra ghaMTAnI dvibhUja UbhI mUrtinI pratiSThA karelI che. (juo AkRti 47.)-svanirIkSaNu parathI. 37. narmadAzaMkara bhaTTa, uparyukta, pR. 358-59 38. cAtara sa saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 486 38. ejana, bhAga 2, pR. 488 40, Archaeological Survey of India Annuel Report, 1954-52, c. 59 42. Ibid., 1196-68, D. 164 41. Ibid., 1964-65, D. 68 43. Ibid., 1967-68, D. 203 44. na dAzaMkara bhaTTa, uparyu kta, pR. 384 44. jue upara, pR. 394-95 45. zAra khurazeda dAjI, 'vakIla anajumana AdarAna gelDana jayukhIlI graMtha, 1983-84,' pR. 15-16 46. ejana, pR. 18-20, 22-24 47. sAdhAraNa rIte Ataze AdarAna paraThAvyA pachI e sthaLanA Ataze dAdagAhane nibhAvavAmAM AvatA nathI, paNa vakIla AdarAnanA vahIvaTakartAo baMnene Aje paNa rAzana rAkhI rahyA che. (ejana, pR. 15). 48. Dosabhai F. Karaka, History of the Parsis, Vol, I, pp. ff. 10 49. svanirIkSaNu parathI temaja A sinagoganI dekhabhALa rAkhanAra zrI semyuala elisa pigaLa pAsenI prApta mAhitInA AdhAre 50. pratyeka yahUdI peAtAnA gharanA pravezadvAranI jamaNI bArasAkha para AvuM 'sadAya' lagAve che ane gharanI aMdara ke bahAra jatI vakhate ene hAtha vaDe cUme che. 50a. jue upara, pATI5 24. 51 -para. caulA kuruvA, gujarAtanI hastakaLA kArIgarI' "paricaya", pu. 583 (1983), pR. 6-7 53, 'gujarAtane hastakalA udyoga,' mAhitI khAtu, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda, 1961, pR. 6

Page #502
477 sthApatya, zilpa, hunara kalAo ane kalAo 54-55. caulA kuruvA, uparyukta, pR. 21-22, 23-24 pa6. bihArIlAla bArIyA, bATika', "kumAra" (kalAaMka), varSa 44, aMka 12, pU. 93-96 57. kheDIdAsa paramAra, saurASTranuM lekabharata', "UrminavaracanA" (u.na.) (bharata kaMDAra vizeSAMka), varSa 48, pR. 346 58. maNibhAI vorA, bharatakAma kaccha-saurASTranuM, "nA", varSa, 57, aMka 4, pR. 184 59. maNibhAI vorA, "mAnavanI bhana samRddhi, "U.na.", varSa 48 pR. 363-64 60. maNibhAI vorA, uparyukta, ".na.", varSa 57, aMka 4, pR. 185 61. khoDIdAsa paramAra, uparyukta, pR. 347-48 kara. ejana, pR. 35ra 63. haribhAI gaudAnI, saurASTranuM hIra-sUtarAu bharatakAma," U.na.", varSa 48, pR. 403-04 64-65. maNibhAI vorA, "ja.na.", varSa 48, pR. 365-366 66. kheDIdAsa paramAra, uparyukta, pR. 348-49 67. rAmasiMha rAThoDa, karachI-bharata ane baniyArI bharta kammI, "U.na.", varSa 48, pR. 357 68. ejana, pR. 36 0 69. maNibhAI vorA, "U.na.", varSa pa7, pR. 186-87 70. rAjendrasiMha rAyajAdA, "bharavADanA alaMkAro', " na.", varSa 48, pR. 486 71. narottama palANa, "lekakalAnI dhAtumUrtio', ".na.", varSa 48, pR. 385 72. maNibhAI vorA, "U.navarSa 48, pR. 368 73. haribhAI gaudAnI, uparyukta, pR. 418-18 74. maNibhAI vorA, uparyukta, varSa 48, pR. 369

Page #503
pArazaSTa 1 patrakAratva 1. svAtaMtrya pUrve tuM A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna keTalAMka evAM navAM va mAnatrA tathA keTaleka aMze sAmAyikA cAlu thayAM, jeee gujarAtanA jAherajIvanamAM gaNanApAtra bhAga bhajavyA. 1 A samayagALAnA prAraMbhamAM prathama vizvayuddhanA eLA jagata upara UtaryA enI asara aneka kSetrA upara thaI, gujarAtI parAkAratvakSetre paNa ghaNA AMcakA anubhavyA. mahAyuddhanA ahevAla agrejImAMthI vyavasthita rIte taiyAra karI gujarAtI va mAnapatrAnA vAcakane ApavAmAM AvatA. rAjakAraNa samAjakAraNa artha kAraNa ane sAhityanA pravAheAthI vAcAne vAke rAkhavAnI pharaja vRttapatrA samajatAM hatAM, paraMtu teone lAkasevAnA vizALakSetranI jhAMkhI tA gAMdhIjIe karAvI,ra patrakAratvanA ItihAsanA abhyAsInA matavya anusAra gujarAtI patrakAratvane traNa yugeAmAM vaheMcavAmAM Avatu : (1) Ara bhayuga I.sa. 1812 thI 1880 (2) sAmajika sudhArA ane sAkSarayuga-I.sa. 1880 thI 1920 (3) gAMdhIyuga-I.sa. 1920 thI 1947 bhAratane svAtaMtrya prApta thayA pachI patrakAratvane navA yuga ArabhA, jene svAtaMtryAttara kAla nAma ApIe tA atyukti bhAgyeja gaNAya. 3 I.sa. 1915 mAM zarU karela! 'navajIvana' mAsikamAM iMdulAla yAjJike dezanI sarvAMgI svata MtratA ane dalita-pIDita janatAnA utkarSa mATe emanA jIvanasUtrasamA saMgrAmane keMdra sthAne rAkhI enuM saMcAlana karyuM, e ja varSamAM gujarAtI sAhityanA surata-adhivezananA pramukha zrI narasiMharAva bhALAnAtha diveTiyAe vRttapatrA aMge khelatAM jaNAvyuM ke 'vamAnapatra ane mAsikeAnuM sAhitya ze!canIya sthitimAM najare paDaze. dainika ne sAptAhika patrAmAM bhASA, zailI, arthagaurava ityAdi dareka viSayamAM nIcI pAyarInu svarUpa ane zUnyatA satra vyApelI joI kAne kheda nathI thatA ? '4

Page #504
patrakAratva 478 bhASAkIya ullekhanA A saMdarbhane sImAcina gaNIe te paNa AjanA patrakAratvamAM bhASAzuddhi tema zuddha joDaNuM vagere bAbatamAM arAjaktA ghaTavAne badale vadhavAnA aNasAra maLe che. eTalA pUrato e pravAha dUSita gaNAya. 1917-18 mAM gujarAtI dainike muMbaIthI prasiddha thatAM hatAM. ogaNIsamI sadInA aMtabhAgamAM gujarAtI vRttapatronI saMkhyA 40 hatI te ghaTIne 1907-8 daramyAna 17 jeTalI thaI gayelI; Ama chatAM phelAvAnI dRSTie enI saMkhyA jarAya ochI thaI nahotI. ekalA gujarAtI" sAptAhikane phelAvo 16,500 nakalene hatuM ke je e samayanA keI paNa dainikanA phelAvA karatAM vadhu hato. AnuM kAraNa gujarAtI'nuM TharelapaNuM, sAhityika mUlya, bhASAzuddhi vagere gaNAvI zakAya. 1880 thI 1920 nA 40 varasanA gALA daramyAna gujarAtI vRttapatroe samAjajIvananuM aMga banI rahevAnAM mULa nAkhyAM. e mULa UMDAM gayAM ane gAMdhIyugamAM patrakAratvane navo yuga rASTriya koMgresanA punarjIvana sAthe zarU thaye. vartamAnapatre pitapatAnI rIte prajAne upayogI banavA satata prayatna karatAM hatAM, hiMda silena ane iMglenDanAM judAM judAM zaheranA samAcAra tAra mArata meLavavAnI pahela paNa A samayagALA daramyAna thaI.9 vartamAnapatromAM navAM aMga umeravAnuM valaNa paNa achatuM rahetuM nathI. A valaNa uparAMta keTalAMka patra citro ApavA bAbata utsAha darzAvavA lAgyAM. vaLI vidvAnene aMgrejI pratye AdarabhAva paNa eTalo ja tIvra hato eTale pratibhAvAna rAjanItijJa ane arthazAstrI adhikArI vidvAna pAse aMgrejI lekha lakhAvavAmAM AvatA, je sAmAnya vAcaka uparAMta vidvAnonA paNa AkarSaNanuM kAraNa banatA. manoraMjaka tattavone paNa vRttapatromAM sthAna maLavA lAgyuM hatuM. dezImitra' te ramUjI vAcana ApavAnA dhyeya sAthe zarU thayeluM. emAM AvatI ramUja skUla ane grAmya hovAthI ziSTa samAjane pasaMda Ave ema nahatuM. akasmAta Aga khUna lUTa rogacALa dUSkALa jevA viSaye paNa e ramUjI rIte ApatuM. Aje A lakhANa kRtrima ane hAsyAspada lAge ema che, paraMtu patrakAratvanA je pravAha badalAtAM rahyA temAM enI nedha jarUrI gaNAya. 1818nuM varSa aneka rIte noMdhapAtra gaNAya tevuM che. A varSamAM mahAyuddhanA vinAzaka oLA vizva uparathI dUra thayA. gAMdhIjIe patrakAratva kSetre padApaNa karyuM. IdulAla yAjJikanA "navajIvana' mAsikane emaNe saMbhALI laI ene sAptAhikamAM parivartita karyuM. emanA krAMtikArI vicAronI prabaLa asara

Page #505
AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI patrakAratva dvArA jIvananA pratyeka kSetramAM varatAvA lAgI, 'navajIvana' byaMga inDiyA' 'rijanabaMdhu'(gujarAtI ane hiMdI), 'harijana'(agrejI) jevAM vRttapatro dvArA prAdhaDataranuM kArya AraMbhAyuM. meTA bhAganAM anya vRttapatroe emane sAtha ApyA. emaNe vRttapatra kSetre eka Adarzo mUkayo. dezamAM rAjakIya jAgRtimAM juvALa AvyA. 480 A"agAu TiLakayugamAM ane zrImatI enI besanTanA hAmarUla lIganA AMdezalana daramyAna gujarAtI vRttapatrAe enI bhAvanAne jhIlI hatI, paraMtu gAMdhIjInA Agamana pachI rASTriya jAgRtimAM vRttapatronA phALA khUba vadhyA. the|DAka apavAda bAda karatAM gAMdhIjIe dezane je dAravaNI ApI tene pracAra karavAmAM gujarAtanAM vRttapatroe peAtAnA kiMmatI sAtha ApyA. rASTravAdI bhAvanAvALA agraNIoe rAjakIya lekAgRtinA mukhya hetune keMdramAM rAkhI vRttapatro pragaTa karavA mAMDayAM. gujarAta paNa enAthI alipta rahI zakayuM nahi. rASTriya jAgRtinA juvALanI sAthe ja gujarAtamAM paNa vRttapatro vikasavA lAgyAM. I.sa. 1920 ane e pachI, keTalAka apavAdane bAda karatAM, ghaNAkharA jillAomAM rAjakIya AgevAna dvArA vRttapatrA zarU thayAM ke cAlu vRttapatronuM saMcAlana emaNe sabhALI lIdhu.10 vIsamI sadInA Ara'bhakAlathI rAjakIya jAgRti vadhavAne kAraNe vRttapatrone e tarapha lakSa ApyA vinA chUTA nahetA. keLavaNInuM pramANa vadhatAM kAlejanI keLavaNI pAmelA juvAna varga vRttavivecananA vyavasAyamAM paDatAM eNe saMskRta zabdAne upayoga zarU karyuM. agAu phArasI bhASAnA zabdo ane zabdaprayAgA chUTathI vaparAtA hatA, have saskRta zabdonA jamAnA AvyA. prajAmAM rAjakIya cetana AvatAM potAnI bhUtakAlIna sa MskRtinA gauravanuM bhAna thayuM. tethI pazu saMskRtanuM" tattva vadhyuM hatuM. pariNAme jhAjhuM nahi zIkhelA varSAMte temaja gAmaDAMomAM vasanArAMone vata mAnapatrA paratve bhAgyeja AkarSaNa rahetuM. gAMdhIjInI mAnyatA hatI ke vRttapatra ke vicArapatranI bhASA zuddha haiAvA uparAMta sAdI saraLa ane ADaMbara vinAnI hAvI joie. gAmaDAMomAM vasanAra nAmanI ja keLavaNI pAmelAM mAnavIo chApAM vAMcatAM thAya, samajatAM thAya ane rasa letAM thAya e jarUranuM che. emaNe peAtAnI A mAnyatAnA amala peAtAnAM vRttapatrAthI karyA, 11 jenAthI gujarAtI patrakAratvane nave! vaLAMka maLyA. Ave! ja eka bIjo pravAha dezI rAjyAnA praAAnI carcAnA jovA maLe che. agAu vaDAdarAnareza malhArarAvane Apakhuda rAjya-amala lAI noMtha brukanI

Page #506
patrakAratva 48 sarakAranA dhyAna upara lAvavA thayela prayatna gujarAtanA patrakAratvanuM eka ujajavaLa pRSTha che. A eka apavAda bAda karatAM dezI rAjyonA praznonI carcA bhAgyeja thatI. gAMdhIjInA Agamana bAda dezI rAjyonA praznamAM UMDI najara nAkhavAnI temaja nirbhayapaNe enI TIkA ke carcA karavAnI praNAlI zarU thaI. 12 samayanA parivartana sAthe ane prajAkIya jAgRtinI sAthe akhabArone abhigama badalAte gaye. patrakAratvakSetre badalAtA pravAhanAM darzana e patronAM badalAtAM rUpa ane abhigamathI pratIta thAya che. 19ra0 thI 1947 sudhIne bhArata svataMtra thayuM tyAM sudhI gALe gAMdhIjI ane saradAra paTelanI tejasvI netAgIrI heThaLanA jAgrata ane saMgaThita gujarAtamAM rASTravAdanI, asahakAranI jokhama kheDavAnI ane balidAnanI bhAvanA prasAravAmAM vRttapatrAe agatyane bhAga bhajavyo. dAMDIkUca kheDA satyAgraha bAraDolI satyAgraha vagere gujarAtanI laData temaja gujarAta bahAranI caMpAraNyanI laData, jaliyAMvAlAnI katala, kALA kAyadA (roleTa eNkaTa) sAme AMdolana jevA prasaMge gujarAtI vRttapatroe jokhama kheDIne paNa rASTriya jAgRtinA e sImAstaMbhane vadhAvyA hatA.13 briTiza zAsanakAlanA A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna satyAgrahanI laDatanA viSama saMyogemAM gujarAta samAcAra' jevAM keTalAMka denika prajApakSe vadhu nIDara nIti apanAvatAM, te bIjA keTalAMka dainika dUdha ane dahIMmAM paga rAkhatAM. sAnukULa saMgamAM "saMdeze' paNa sArI kapriyatA prApta karI hatI. sAptAhikamAM "prajAbaMdhu sArI pratiSThA pAmyuM hatuM. 1934-35 thI gAMdhI zailIvALA vRttapatranI dhATIomAMthI gujarAtI patrakAratva bahAra AvyuM che ane nUtana pagathAre UbhuM che. agralekhonI lakhAvaTa, samAcAranI rajUAta, mathALAM, jAherakhabara vagerenI goThavaNImAM pheraphAra thayo che. sAptAhikoe vRttavivecanapraNAlI baMdha karI che. phoTogrApha, kArTuna, viziSTa kaTAro vageremAM sAMprata patrakAratvanuM badalAyeluM vaheNa joI zakAya che. 4 dezI rAjyanI ApakhudI sAme teonI prajAne lekamata jAgrata karavAmAM muMbaIthI ane saurASTranI aMdara AvelA briTiza zAsana nIcenAM rANapura jevAM sthaLoethI janmabhUmi 'vaMde mAtarama ane phUlachAba' jevAM vRttapatroe bulaMda avAja uThAvyo. emAM zrI amRtalAla zeTha, zrI zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI ane zrI jhaveracaMda meghANu jevA nIDara patrakAroe dezI rAjyanA rAjakAraNamAM sakriya bhAga 31

Page #507
482 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI bhajavyA. sAmayikAmAM samAleAcaka sAhitya kaumudI prasthAna mAnasI vageree sAhityanI abhiruci vadhArI. A kAlakhaMDanAM anya navAM gujarAtI sAmiyAmAM navacetana gujarAta purAtattva guNusuMdarI kumAra dakSiNAmUrti pustakAlaya carAtara zAradA gujarAta sa MzAdhana maMDaLanuM traimAsika, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnuM traimAsika, strIjIvana kreADiyu... vagere leAkapriya nIvaDayAM. A mAsikAmAM peAtAnAM surekha citrA ane sadhana lakhANAthI 'kumAre' aneAkhI bhAta pADI. vRttapatrA tathA sAmayikAnA vAcananI prajAnI abhiruci keLavAI. 2. svAtatrya pachInuM 1947 pachInA dasakAmAM dezanA patrakAratva samakSanuM mukhya dhyeya badalAI gayuM hatuM. kaeNoNMgresa ane rASTranI sAthe patrakAratve svAtaMtryaprAptinA dhyeya sAthe tAdAtmya sAdhI dhyeyapUrtimAM peAtAnuM baLa pUryuM. hatuM. svataMtra rASTranA navaghaDatara ane enA sAmAjika punarutthAnanuM kAma rAjyakartA ane rAjakIya pakSAne paNu kaparuM ane ochu AkarSIka lAgeluM tyAre patrakAra tA rAmAnTika duniyAnA jIva che, ene e kA taddana nIrasa lAge emAM navAI nathI. AjhAdI saMgrAme je netA ane tenAM rAjakIya sa'gaDhanAne vIranAyakanI bhUmikAe paheAMcADayAM hatAM temAMnAM keTalAMkanu mATIpagApaNuM AjhAdI maLyA pachI pragaTa thatuM gayuM. zrI ratana mArzala noMdhe che tema bhramaNAnA bhaMganI ane nirbhrAntinI e prakriyA hatI, vata mAnapatrA mATe keTaleka aMze e navA pATha hatA. keTalAMka gujarAtI akhabArAne e pATha khAssA anukULa AvyA. sattAdhArIenAM kahevAtAM kaubhAMDAnI kathAe pahelAM te lAMkAnu dhyAna AkRSTa karyuM, paraMtu enI atirekatAne kAraNe e patranI garimA ane prabhAva tUTI gayAM.'15 ceAthA-svAtaMtryAttara yugamAM pravezyA pachI vRttapatrAnuM rUkha badalAI gayuM. samAjamAM sanasanATI macAve tevA samAcArane cAThAthI zaNagAravAnA, AchA agatyanA ke dama vinAnA samAcArane meTAM mathALAMthI camakAvavAnA, khUna baLAtkAra lUMTa cerI mArAmArI jevI samAjavaghAtaka bAbatane prAdhAnya ApavAnA, premaprakaraNathI pAnAM bharavAnA ane zakaya heAya tyAM ene sacitra banAvavAnA pravAha svAtaMtryapUnA pravAhathI judA paDe che. agAunAM vRttapatrAe svIkA relI maryAdArekhA oLaMgIne vikAsa sAdhavA eNe mUkelI dATanA e purAvArUpa gaNAvI zakAya.16

Page #508
patrakAratva 483 1950 pachI gujarAtanA patrakAratvamAM dainikane praveza e eka mahattvanuM mApadaMDa banI gayo. Ane kAraNe akhabArI duniyAe haraNaphALa bharavA mAMDI. navI navI TekanolojIne kAraNe enI samRddhi aneka rIte vadhI. sauthI moTI ghaTanA to kalama uparanA baMdhanane lepa thaye te banI. akhabArane avAja sattAvAhI banyo 17 svAtaMtrya pachI -khAsa karIne 1954-55 pachI - rAjakAraNa ane samAjajIvanamAM navAM navAM parivartana dekhAvA lAgyAM. enI asara keTalAMka sAmAjika mUlyo ane nItimattAnAM dhoraNo upara paNa paDI. patrakAratva ane vRttAMtanivedananA nIti-rIti rUpa-raMga vageremAM parivartana Avazyaka banyAM. prathamanA akhabAranA cokakasa mizanane keMdramAM rAkhavAne badale vRttapatre kamarziyala banatAM gayAM. samAcArane potAnI rIte mareDavAnI paddhati AkAra levA lAgI. sAmAjika ke rAjakIya ghaTanA aMgataruci ke khyAla mujaba pAmavA lAgI. rAjakAraNamAM cakakasa nizAna upara dhyAna kendrita thavA lAgyuM. zuddhi ane AcAranI vAta bAju para khasavA lAgI. AnI sAthesAtha vRttAMtanivedananI kalAno vikAsa AraMbhAye. rajUAta ane zilI sAhityika sparza pAmI AkarSaka rUpa dhAraNa karavA lAgyAM. navI kalame ane navA lehInI gatizIlatAe akhabArone na maroDa Apyo. zikSaNa vijJAna rAjakAraNa arthakAraNa samAjajIvana jAherajIvana ema vividha dizAo khUlatI gaI. enI sAthe polIsa kArTa tema bhinna bhinna rAjakIya pakSonI vartamAnapatranA pAne camakavAnI vRttine vikAsa thato cAlyo. patrakAratvanuM dhoraNa badalAtA bhASAzuddhine abhAva, anucita prayogo, kyAreka utAvaLAM ke pUrvagrahayukta anumAna prerita ahevAla jAye ajAye pitAnuM ekkasa sthAna meLavatAM gayAM. sanasanATInA mehaka nAma nIce naMdalAtA samAjajIvananI Aha sAMbhaLavAnuM muzkela banatuM cAlyuM.18 1950 mAM gujarAtamAM 16 dainika vRttapatra hatAM ane 40 jeTalAM sAptAhika hatAM. eka dAyakA jeTalA samaya pachI I. sa. 1960 nA AraMbhamAM 36 gujarAtI dainike pragaTa thavA lAgyAM hatAM. samagra dezamAMthI pragaTa thatAM vRttapatromAM aMgrejI hindI ane urdU pachInuM paheluM sthAna gujarAtI vRttapanuM Ave che. ArajhI hakumata mATenI laDatamAM patrakAra zrI zAmaLadAsa gAMdhIe sakriya AgevAnI lIdhI.

Page #509
484 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mahAgujarAta mATenI laData jevI svAtaMttara ghaTanAonA samaye janasattA' jevAM denikoe lekamatane pretsAhana ApI lokapriyatA hAMsala karI, te zAsaka pakSanI itarAjane bhoga bananAra dainikone Arthika rIte ghaNuM nukasAna veThavuM paDayuM. dezI rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa thatAM dezI rAjAo sAmenI prajAkIya jhuMbezane aMta Avyo ne e jhuMbezanI himAyata karanAra tejasvI vRttapatronA sthAne sthAnika prazno para bhAra mUkatAM sAmAnya vRttapatra pracalita thayAM. patrakAratvavidyAnA prazikSaNane prabaMdha thaye temaja yAMtrika sAdhanasAmagrInI nIDara nIti akhatyAra karavI ane zAsaka pakSanA tathA sthApita hitanA kAvAdAvA sAme jhajhUmavuM e gajagrAhamAM akhabArI svAtaMtrayanI AkarI kasoTI thatI rahI che. A kAlakhaMDanA sAmayikonA sarkayulezanamAM "akhaMDaAnaMde vipula kapriyatA prApta karI. bALake strIo sAhitya pustakAlaya ucca-abhyAsa saMzodhana vaidika sAmAnya jJAna ane citrapaTane lagatAM sAmayikanI saMkhyA vadhatI rahI. dhArmika sAmayikenI saMkhyAmAM paNa ThIka ThIka umere thato rahyo. A kAlakhaMDanAM anya navAM sAmayikamAM saMskRti' "milApa' tathA 'paraba' paNa seMdhapAtra che. vRttapatromAMya bhAtabhAtanA viSayone pharatI kaTAro tathA pUrtio dvArA vRtta uparAMta vicAro tathA pravAhane lagatI vividha vAnagIo pIrasAvA lAgI. zikSita varganAM kuTuMbanA dainika jIvanamAM vartamAnapatroe cAnA vyasana jevuM Avazyaka sthAna prApta karyuM. sAdhanasaMpanna dainike vyAvasAyika spardhAne sAmane karI dUra dUranAM nagara tathA gAmaDAM sudhI satvara pahoMcI javA lAgyAM. pAdaTIpa 1. A vartamAnapatra tathA sAmayikanI vigate mATe juo upara prakaraNa 1, khaMDa 5, pR. 6 thI 10. 2. kapilarAya mahetA, "vRttapatro', "gujarAta eka paricaya" (guepa), pR. 323 3. ejana, pR. 3rara 4. na. bha. dIveTiyA, "pariSadapramukhanAM bhASaNe', bhAga 1, pR. 166 5. bhagavatIkumAra zarmAnuM "sva. ramaNalAla zeTha smRti vyAkhyAnamALA'mAM "chellAM paccIsa varSanuM gujarAtI patrakAratva vyAkhyAna 1 anusAra che. kapilarAya mahetA, uparyuMkata, pR. 3ra3 7. "jAme jamazeda zatAbdI graMtha', 1932, pR. 282

Page #510
patrakAratva 485 8. ratana rustamajI mArzala, gujarAtI patrakAratvano ItihAsa', pR. 183 8. ejana, pR. 158 10. kapilarAya mahetA, uparyukta, pR. 3ra3 11. ratana rustamajI mArzala, "vRttavivecana', "gupa", pR. 328 12. ejana, pR. 330 13. kapilarAya mahetA, uparyukta, pR. 34 14. pinAkina trivedI, "gujarAtI vRttapatrone vikAsa', "gujarAta", 23-20 mArca, 1984, pR. 26 15. ratana rustamajI mArzala, "gujarAtI patrakAratvane ItihAsa", pR. 37 16. ratana rustamajI mArzala, vRttavivecana, "gupa", pR. 331 17. vAsudeva mahetA, vikAsane Alekha", "sAhitya ane patrakAratva" (sApa) [saMpA. kumArapALa desAI), pR. 56-58 18. jayavadana paTela, "gujarAtI patrakAratva ane vRttAMta nivedana", "sApa", pR. 35-40

Page #511
pArozaSTa 2 purAtatvIya pravRttione vikAsa pazcAdbhU 1921 mAM purAtattvane keMdra sarakArane viSaya banAvavAmAM Avyo. I. sa. 19ra6-27 mAM bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa (bhA.pu.sa.) khAtAmAM kSetrAveSaNa zAkhA' zarU karavAmAM AvI. bhA.pu. sa. mAM sara jahona mArzalanA uttarAdhikArIo pikI mahAnidezakanA pade zrI ke. ena. dIkSite prAMtIya saMgrahAlayo ane prAMtIya sarakAronA purAtatvakhAtA sAthenA saMbaMdha punaHjIvita karyA. I. sa. 1944 daramyAna De. (I. sa. 195ra thI "sara") Ara. I. meTi. mara vahIlara (Morumer Wheeler) bhA. pu. sa. nA mahAnidezaka banyA ane gujarAta sahita samasta bhAratavarSamAM purAtatvanA vikAsane mahatvane bIjo tabakko zarU thayo. I. sa. 1945 mAM keMdrIya purAtatva salAhakAra maMDaLanI racanA karavAmAM AvI. gujarAta rAjyanA purAtattavaniyAmaka tathA ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDodarAnA purAvastuvibhAganA vaDA enA sabhya che. AjhAdI pahelAM jAmanagara junAgaDha bhAvanagara ane vaDodarA saMsthAne pitApitAnAM purAtatvakhAtAM hatAM. I. sa. 1948 mAM (have bhU. pu.) saurASTra rAjyanI racanA thatAM sAthe ja enuM purAtatvakhAtuM paNa zarU karavAmAM AvyuM. 1948 mAM De. vhIlara nivRtta thayA. bhAratamAM staravAra ukhanananI takanikI emaNe dAkhala karelI. bhUkAlakramavidda(Geochronologist) che. epha. I. jhInare (Zeuner) gujarAtamAM sAbaramatInI vedikAe (Terraces)ne abhyAsa karyo hate. I. sa. 1950nA jAnyuArI mAsanI 26 mI tArIkhe bhAratIya saMvidhAna amalamAM AvatAM enA sAtamA pariziSTamAM purAtattvane je sthAna maLyuM che tenAthI purAtatvanA vikAsane trIje, hAlane mahattvane, tabakko zarU thaye prastuta samayagALAmAM bhA. pu. sa.nI pazcima vartuLanI kacerInuM mukhya mathaka pUNethI vaDodarA badalavAmAM AveluM che, vaDodarAnI ma. sa. yunivarsiTImAM purAvastavibhAganA vaDA tarIke De. bI. subbArAva pachI De. 2. nA. mahetA

Page #512
purAtatvIya pravRttione vikAsa 487 khyAti arjita karI cUkyA che. saurASTranA purAtatvakhAtAnA prathama vaDA tarIke zrI ha. 2. mAMkaDa bAda zrI pu. pra. paMDayAe purAtatvIya kSetrAnveSaNa ane upanananA kSetre bhAre nAmanA meLavelI. emanA samaya daramyAna tA. 1-11-1956 thI (bhU. pu) saurASTra rAjyanuM (bhU. pu.) dvibhASI muMbaI rAjyamAM vilInIkaraNa thayA bAda zrI ja. mu. nANAvaTI emanA anugAmI banyA hatA. tA. 1-5-1960 thI hAlamAM gujarAta rAjyanI racanA thatAM zrI nANAvaTIe gujarAta rAjyanA purAtatvakhAtAnuM mALakhuM laghu bhA. pu. sa. jevuM banAvavA mATe saphaLa prayatna karyA. A samayagALAmAM kapriya purAtatvavidenI pravRttio paNa vikasI. emAMnAM keTalAMka bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNanI pUrvamaMjUrI lIdhA vinA ja purAtatvIya kSetrA neSaNa jevI kAmagIrI kare che, purAvazeSane enA mULa prAptisthAne mULa parivezanA saMdarbhamAM abhyAsa karyA vinA khaseDe che ane pariNAme mahatvanA purAtIya purAvAone nAza thAya che. A pravAha ciMtAjanaka che. prAgaitihAsika purAtatva sAbaramatInA kAMThe vaselA AdimAnavanI vadhu vigata meLavavA A sadInA pUrvArdhamAM De, ha. dhI. sAMkaLiyAe sAbaramatInuM sarvekSaNa karyuM hatuM. AghaaitihAsika purAtattva dezanA bhAgalA pachI gujarAtamAM siMdhu ghATInI sabhyatA yAne haDappIya saMskRtinI vasAhato zodhI kADhavA mATenAM saMkhyAbaMdha kSetrAnveSaNa gujarAtamAM lethala raMgapura somanAtha ane rojhaDInAM utpanana Adi tamAma bAbate carcita samayagALAnI mahatvanI dena che. emAM zrI esa. Ara. rAva ane zrI. pu. e. paMDayAnuM pradAna nedhapAtra che. mahApASANa smArako prastuta kAlakhaMDa daramyAna A aMge gujarAtamAM kazuM saMzodhana thayuM nahatuM. etihAsika purAtattva amarelI, somanAtha-maMdira-vistAra, vaDodarAnI meDikala kolejane vistAra ane akoTA jevAM sthaLAe hAtha dharAyelAM ukhananene pariNAme A dizAmAM paNa kheDANa thayuM ane enA eka suMdara AnuSaMgika pariNAma tarIke I.sa 1960 pachInA be dAyakAomAM De. 2. nA. mahetAnA hAthe madhyakAlIna purAtatvano supere vikAsa thaye.

Page #513
488 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sthApatyakIya smAraka De. sAMkaLiyAnuM Archaeology of Gujarat I.sa. 1941 mAM prasiddha thayuM. emanI pahelAMnA vidvAnoe tatkAlIna kaccha-saurASTra-gujarAtanAM sthApatyakIya smArake aMge je kheDANa karyA hatAM tene AdhAra banAvI, tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karIne De. sAMkaLiyAe gujarAtamAM sthApatyakIya smArakonuM vargIkaraNa karI ApyuM. I.sa. 1960 nA aMta sudhI gujarAtamAM rakSita smArakanI saMkhyA 190 ane rAjyarakSita smArakonI saMkhyA 131 jeTalI hatI. zilpakalA ane mUrtikalA De. maMjulAla majamUdAra, The. umAkAMta zAha, De. geesa, De. 2. nA. mahetA, DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI ane zrI madhu rUdana DhAMkI jevA vidvAnoe I.sa. 1960 sudhImAM zilpakalAnA kSetre suMdara kheDANa karelAM hatAM. abhilekhe vividha vidvAnoe A kSetre je kheDANa karelAM te tamAmanuM saMkalana zrI gi. va. AcAryo "gujarAtanA atihAsika lekho' nAmanA traNa graMthomAM karI ApyuM. e graMtho kramazaH I. sa. 1933, 1935 ane 194ra mAM prasiddha thayAM. zrI DisakaLakare kAThiyAvADanA abhilekhone ane zrI gadrae vaDodarA rAjyanA keTalAka abhilekho saMgraha taiyAra karyo. sikkA mAtra gujarAtanA ke gujarAtamAMthI maLelA sikakAo aMge koI saMkalita mAhitI graMthasvarUpe bahAra nathI paDI. gujarAtamAMthI maLI AvelA kSatrapa-sikakA ane/athavA enA upara thayelAM saMzodhanane kAraNe kSatrapa rAjAonuM vaMzavRkSa ane emanI rAjyakAlanAM varSa nakakI karavAmAM mahattvanuM pradAna thayuM. purAtattvIya kSetrAveSaNe carcita samayagALA daramyAna gujarAtamAM bhUstarIya bhakAlamIya prAgaitihAsika Agha-atihAsika etihAsika Adi purAtatvIya kSetre pASANayuga, siMdhu sabhyatA, sthApatyakIya smArake, zilpakalA abhilekhe sikkA Adi tamAma bAbatone AvarI letAM saMkhyAbaMdha kSetrA-veSaNa thayAM. I. sa. 1058 nA kAyadAthI sarakArI ke gerasarakArI koI paNa vyakita ke saMsthA bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNanI pUrvamaMjUrI meLavyA vinA A kArya na karI zake evI jogavAI karavAmAM AvI che.

Page #514
purAtatvIya pravRttione vikAsa 488 A gALAmAM paddhatisara thayelA kSetrAveSaNane vigatavAra ahevAla bhA.pu. sanAM (nAmabhede pAMca prakAranAM) prakAzanomAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. saurASTra rAjyanA purAtatvakhAtAe paNa A samaye A bAbate prazasyA kAmagIrI karelI, jemAM sva. zrI pu. pra. paMDyAne ullekha khAsa karavo joIe. e aMgenA ahevAla bhApu. sa.ne sAma yaka "Indian Archaeology : A Review'mAM prasiddha thayA che. ukhanane bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, rAjaya purAtatvakhAtuM, vaDodarAnI ma. sa. yunivarsiTI ane pUNenI Dekkana kaoNlejanA vidvAnoe A samayagALAmAM hAtha dharelAM ukhanana pikI nIcenAM nedhapAtra che: krama sthaLa ukhanaka I. sa. 1. raMgapura mAdhe svarUpa vatsa 1934 2. , esa. Ara. rAva 1953-54 3. lAMghaNaja Da. ha. dhI. sAMkaLiyA 1944-63 4. ITavA vihAra zrI. gi. va. AcArya 1949 5. somanAtha maMdira zrI bI. ke. thApara 1950 6. vasaI zrI pu. . paMDayA 1951 . beTa 8. vaDodarA Do. bI. subbArAva 1951 para 9. amarelI zrI esa. Ara. rAva 1952-53 10. vaDanagara Do. bI. subbArAva 1953-54 11. lethala zrI esa. Ara. rAva 1954-6ra 12. lAkhAbAvaLa De. bI. subbArAva 1855-56 zrI pu. e. paMDayA 13. AmarA De. bI. subbArAva zrI pu. ke. paMDayA 14. nagaro TiMbe (prabhAsapATaNa) zrI pu. ke. paMDayA 1955-56 prabhAsa pATaNa 1956-57 15. rojhaDI 1957-5859 zrI ma. a. DhAMkI 16. bhAgAtaLAva zrI esa. Ara. rAva 1957-18 17. mahegAma

Page #515
490 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI rakSita smArakenuM saMrakSaNa A kAmagIrInAM nIce jaNAvela pAMca pAsAM krame krame AkAra pAmyAM ? (1) kAnUnI rakSaNa, (2) sAmAnya jALavaNa, (3) sthApatyakIya purArakSaNa, (4) rAsAyaNika mAvajata, (5) punaHsthApanA gujarAtamAM I.sa. 1960 sudhImAM uparyuM kata pAMce pAsAMonAM bIja rapAI cUkyAM hatAM, paraMtu bheda suspaSTa thayA nahatA. purArakSaNa karavAnI pharaja I sa. 1950 sudhI keMdra ane rAjya sarakAro vacce haratI-pharatI rahI hatI. bhA. pu. sa.ne lAge vaLage che tyAM sudhI I.sa. 1950 sudhI purArakSaNanI kAmagIrI jAhera bAMdhakAma khAtA mAraphate thatI hatI. I. sa. 1945 thI e prathA baMdha thaI ane keMdra ke rAjya sarakAranA purAtatvakhAtA mArata ja purArakSaNakAryo karavAnuM zarU thayuM. carcita samayagALA daramyAna rAjya sarakAranA purAtatvakhAtA mAraphata purArakSaNa" nAma heThaLa maryAdita sAdhane nANAkIya ane niSNAta sevAkIya)ne kAraNe uparyukta pAMca pAsAMo paikI "sAmAnya jALavaNI" heThaLa batAvelAomAMthI keTalAMka kArya thayAM hatAM. bhA. pu. sa. taraphathI amadAvAda joLakA cAMpAnera pAvAgaDha vagere sthaLoe AvelAM smArakonuM purArakSaNa kArya thayuM hatuM. 1922 sudhI rakSita smArakanAM mulAkAtIo dhArmika smArakamAM paNa joDA paherIne pharatAM hatAM ane smArakanI aMdara dhUmrapAna paNa karatAM hatAM I. sa. 1923nA jAnyuArI mAsamAM muMbaI sarakAre A sAme manAI pharamAvI hatI. bhA. pu. sa.nA pazcima vartuLa(jemAM gujarAtano samAveza paNa thatA hatA)mAM AvelAM 108 dhArmika rakSita smAraka pAse A manAI hukama batAvatA sUcanApaTa I. sa. 1925-26 daramyAna mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. purAtattarIya kAyadA-kAnUna purAtattvanA kSetre keMdra ane rAjya sarakAranA purAtatvane lagatA kAyadAkAnUnanuM pradAna bahu mahatvanuM che. I.sa. 1878 thI 1959 sudhInI vikAsagAthA saLaMga rIte ApavAmAM AvI che. (1) I. sa. 1878 ne bhAratIya bhUmigata bhaMDAraprApti adhiniyama-AMka 6 A kAyade mahesUla khAtAne che. bhUmimAM chupAvelI ke daTAI gayelI rU. 10- thI vadhu mUlyanI koI paNa cIjavastu koI paNa prakAranA khedakAma ke

Page #516
purAtattvIya pravRttionA vikAsa 491 anya kAraNe bhUmimAMthI kAIne paNa maLI Ave tA ane tyAre A kAyado lAgu paDe che. AvI cIja vastu ke ene kAI paNa bhAga saMprApta karavAnI A kAyadA sarakArane sattA Ape che. (2) i. sa. 1884 nA jamInasaprApti adhiniyama rakSita smArakA, rakSita sthaLA ane ene lagatI jamIna (jo khAnagI mAlikI na heAya te) sarakAramAM saMprApta karavAmAM A kAyade purAtattvane sahAyarUpa thayA. (3) i. sa. 1904 nA smArakasarakSaNa adhinayama briTiza sarakAranA A kAyadAmAM I. sa. 1951 sudhI, dareka vaidhAnika sudhArA sAthe, nAnA meATA pheraphAra thatA rahyA. I. sa. 1951 nA kAyadA pachI paNa TheTha tA. 14-10-1959 sudhI A kAyadAnI keTalIka jogavAio amalamAM rahI hatI. (4) I. sa. 1919 nA gavarnmenTa oNpha inDiyA baiMkaTa (3) A kAyadA I. sa. 1921 sudhI amalamAM rahyo. svataMtra prAdezika vartuLA A kAyadAthI briTiza sarakAranA keMdrIya zAsana nIce AvyAM. vahIvaTa kendrikRta thayA. (kha) A kAyadAe I. sa. 1904 nA kAyadAmAM theADA paNa mahattvanA pheraphAra karyA. (ga) A kAyadAe purAtattvanA kSetre eka mahattvanI krAMti sarjI purAtattvanI mahattvanI kSitijo vistArI. 1920 sudhI rakSita smArakanAM purArakSaNa-kAma bAMdhakAma khAtAnA sivila ijanerAnI munsaphI mujaba thatAM hatAM ene badale have purAtattvaviMdanI DhAravaNI mujaba thavA lAgyAM. 1945 thI bhA. pu. sa. mAraphata ja purArakSaNa kAryo thavA lAgyAM. A eka mahattvanI siddhi gaNAya. (5) I. sa. 1933 teA jUnAgaDha sasthAnanA prAcIna smArakasarakSaNanA adhiniyama jUnAgaDhanA navAkhI rAjye A kAyado ghaDayo ane enI heThaLa peAtAnA rAjyamAM AvelAM dhAka mahattvanAM tamAma smArakAne rakSita' jAhera karI dIdhAM. (6) i. sa. 1935nA gavarnmenTa Apha inDiyA aikTa' A kAyadAthI I. sa. 1919 te A ja nAmane kAyadA rada karAyA. pariNAme I. sa. 1904 nA kAyadA hethaLa mAtra keMdra sarakAra ja smArakane 'rakSita' jAhera

Page #517
492 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI karI zake ane tamAma rakSita smArakanI jALavaNI paNa kendra sarakAra (bhA. pu. sa.) kare ema A kAyadAthI TharyuM. (7) I. sa. 1947 ne purAvazeSa (nikAsa-niyama) adhiniyama briTiza amala daramyAna hajAra purAvazeSa videza cAlyA jatA hatA tethI AjhAdI maLatAM ja A kAyado ghaDavAmAM Avyo. A kAyadAthI purAvazeSonI gerakAyade nikAsa upara niyamana ladAtAM e duSkara banI. (8) I. sa. 1950nuM bhArata-saMvidhAna - tA. 26-1-1950 thI saMvidhAna amalamAM AvyuM temAM purAtatvane keMdra ane rAjyanA viSayonI saMyukata yAdImAM mUkavAmAM AvyuM. prAcIna smArake ane sthaLane keMdra ane rAjyo vacce A rIte vaheMcavAmAM AvyAM. (ka) rASTriya mahatvanAM jAhera karavAmAM Ave tevAM smAraka kedra sarakAranAM, bAkInAM rAjya sarakAranAM (jene rAjya sarakAra che te pitAnA kAyadA heThaLa rAjayarakSita jAhera karI zake) ane (kha) rASTriya mahattvanAM jAhera karavAmAM Ave tevAM prAcIna sthaLA/avazeSA keMdra sarakAranAM, bAkInAM kendra ane rAjaya baMne sarakAranAM A saMvidhAnIya jogavAIne kAraNe bhArata sarakAra(bhA. pu.sa.)nI pUrva maMjUrI vinA koI ja sarakArI khAtuM, sarakArI ardha sarakArI gerasarakArI saMsthA ke jAhera ke khAnagI vyakti purAtattvIya kSetrAveSaNa sarvekSaNa ke ukhanana na karI zake ema TharyuM. (9) I. sa. 1951 ne prAcIna ane aitihAsika smArako tathA purAtatvIya sthaLo ane avazeSa adhiniyama | bhAratanA saMvidhAna mujaba bhArata sarakAre prAcIna smAraka ane sthaLane rASTriya mahattvanAM jAhera karavAnAM heI saMsade A kAyade pasAra karyo, chatAM A kAyadA heThaLa dareka smAraka ke sthaLane rASTriya mahatvanuM jAhera karavA mATe bhAratIya saMsade vAraMvAra kAyado pasAra karavo paDe ema A kAyadAthI TharyuM. (10) I. sa. 1956 no rAjyonI punarracanAne Adhaniyama A kAyadAthI I. sa. 1951 nA kAyadAnI uparyukata kSati dUra karIne "saMsade pasAra karelA kAyadAthI" ne badale "saMsade pasAra karelA kAyadAthI ke kAyadA heThaLa rASTriya mahatvanAM jAhera thayelAM" evo sudhAro karavAthI bhArata sarakArane A kAyadA heThaLa prAcIna smArake/sthaLane raSTriya mahattvanAM jAhera karavAnI sattA prApta thaI.

Page #518
43 purAtatvIya pravRttione vikAsa (11) I.sa1956nA saurASTranA prAcIna smAraka saMrakSaNa adhiniyama bhAratIya saMvidhAna anvaye purAtatva have rAjya sarakArane paNa AMzika viSya banatAM (bhU.pu.) saurASTra rAjyanI vidhAna sabhAe, bhArata sarakAranA I. sa. 1851 nA kAyadAne dhyAnamAM rAkhIne, A kAyado pasAra karyo. A kAyadA heThaLa tatkAlIna saurASTra rAjyamAM rASTriya mahattvanAM jAhera na thayelAM prAcIna smArake/sthaLane "rAjayarakSita smAraka tarIke jAhera karI zakAya. sane 1956 daramyAna (bhU. pu.) saurASTra rAjyanuM (bhU. 5) mahAdvibhASI muMbaI rAjyamAM vilInIkaraNa thayuM. muMbaI rAjyamAM purAtattvanuM juduM svataMtra khAtuM ja nahotuM, ene badale purAbhilekhe ane etihAsika smAraka' nAmanuM khAtuM hatuM. vilInIkaraNa bAda saurASTranuM purAtatvakhAtuM muMbaInA ukta khAtA heThaLa saMpUrNa gujarAta' mATe kAma karatuM thaI gayuM hatuM ane tA. 1-5-1960 thI gujarAta rAjyanI racanA thatAM gujarAtanuM purAtattva khAtuM banI gayuM. (12) I. sa. 1958ne prAcIna smAraka ane purAtattvIya sthaLa tathA avazenA niyama svAtaMtryaprAptine 12 varSa pUrAM thatAM bhAratanI saMsade purAtattvane lagatA agAunA tamAma kAyadA ane enI khUbIo ke khAmIone dhyAnamAM rAkhIne A kAyado pasAra karyo, je tA. 15-10-1950 thI amalamAM AvyuM che ane hAla amalamAM che. (13) I. sa. 1959nA prAcIna smArake ane purAtattvIya sthaLo tathA avazeSanA niyama I. sa. 158 nA kAyadA heThaLa ghaDAyelA A niyama paNa tA. 15-101950 thI adyApiparyata amalamAM che. (14) I. sa. 1956 nA mubaI bhUmigata bhaMDAraprAptinA niyama mahAdvibhASI muMbaI rAjyanI sarakAre A niyama ghaDyA, je hAla paNa gujarAtamAM amalI che. rAjyanA purAtattva-niyAmakane rAjyanA bhUmigata bhaMDAra prApti adhikArI tarIke nakakI karavAmAM AvyA che. vaidhAnika ane svaicchika maMDaLa AjhAdI pahelAM zarU thayela svaicchika maMDaLomAM gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda ane gujarAta saMzodhana sabhA, muMbaI vividhalakSI heI emanAM mukhapatramAM

Page #519
494 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI purAtattva aMgenA lekha paNa kavacita prasiddha thayA kare che, purAtattvamaMDaLa, jUnAgaDha AjhAdI bAda nAmazeSa thaI gayuM. AjhAdI pachI zarU thayelA "saurASTra saMzodhana maMDaLa rAjakoTanI pravRttio I. sa. 1960 sudhI cAlu hatI. purAtatva saMzodhanamaMDaLa-porabaMdara, soraTha saMzodhasabhA-jUnAgaDha, jUnAgaDhaItihAsasabhA-jUnAgaDha, gujarAta ItihAsa pariSada-amadAvAda, saurASTra ItihAsasaMzodhana sabhA-rAjakoTa ane kaccha purAtatva saMzAdhana maMDaLa, bhUja Adi svaicchika maMDaLo paNa gujarAtanA purAtatvanA kSetre yatkiMcita yogadAna ApI rahyAM che, je paikI sthAnika rIte purAtatva saMzAdhana maMDaLa-ribaMdara ane rAjyakakSAe gujarAta ItihAsa pariSada-amadAvAda-nI kAmagIrI neMdhapAtra che. pAdadIpa 9. 2. 3. Archaeology in India, pp. 10 ff. Ibid., p. 25 Robert Bruce Foote, The Foote Collection of Indian Prehistoric and Protohistoric Antiquities (1916) vigate mATe juo gurAsAMI graMtha 1, prakaraNa 5 4

Page #520
pariziSTa 3 myujhiyamakSetre vikAsa gujarAtamAM A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna myujhiyamanA kSetre ghaNe vikAsa thaye. A vikAsa myujhiyamanI saMkhyAmAM ja nahi, myujhiyamanA prakAro tathA viSayenA vaividhyamAM paNa thayo. A agAunA kAlakhaMDa daramyAna gujarAtamAM cha myujhiyama hatAM, jemAMnAM pAMca bahuhetuka hatAM, jyAre eka kalAviSayaka hatuM, 1958 sudhInAM bhAratanAM myujhiyamanI DirekaTarI (hAla sva. zrI zivarAmamUtie taiyAra karI temAM kula 174 myujhiyamonI mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. A paikI 22 myujhiyama gujarAtamAM AvelAM che. e paikI 15 myujhiyamane purAtatvIya ane sAMskRtika myujhiyama tarIke, 6 myujhiyamone zaikSaNika ane vijJAnanAM myujhiyama tarIke ane 1 audyogika ane vANijiyaka myujhiyama tarIke vargIkRta karelAM hatAM. A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna sthapAyelAM navAM myujhiyama paikInAM ghaNAM 1947 pachI sthapAyAM hAI myujhiyama-pravRttine AjhAdI pachI ghaNuM protsAhana maLyuM hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna sthapAyelAM ane/athavA vikaselAM myujhiyamanuM vihaMgAvalokana karIe. a - bahuhetuka myujhiyama 1. baroDA myujhiyama enDa pikacara gelerI, vaDodarA I pikacara gailarInuM bAMdhakAma 1914mAM pUruM thayeluM, paraMtu e prathama vizvayuddhanA kAraNe jAhera janatA mATe 1921 mAM khullI mukAI. AgaLa jatAM vadhArAnA khaMDa paNa baMdhAyA. 1943-53 daramyAna e samayanA niyAmaka De. goense kalA ane ItihAsane lagatA vibhAgenI punavyavathA karI. daramyAna 1948 mAM myujhiyamane vahIvaTa muMbaI sarakAranA zikSaNa khAtAne hastAMtarita thayo. kalA purAtattva saMskRti vijJAna mAnavazAstra ityAdi vividha viSayane AvarI letuM A bahuhetuka myujhiyama gujarAtanAM myujhiyamamAM agrima sthAna dharAve che. emAM bhoMyataLiye cAra yuropIya khaMDa' AvelA hatA. jemAM grIka-romana kalAthI mAMDIne 20mI sadI sudhInI yuropIya kalAnA namUnA jovA maLatA. bRhadrabhArata jApAna tibeTa-nepALa Ijipta-bebilena cIna ane IslAmI dezanI

Page #521
40 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI kalAne lagatA khaMDa paNa hatA. bhAratIya sabhyatA ane kalAne lagatI pAMca gailarIemAM prAga-etihAsika Agha-atihAsika prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAnA namUnA pradarzita thayA, jyAre eka khaMDa vaDodarA rAjyanA ItihAsa mATe ane eka bIjo khaMDa vaDodarAnI sthAnika kalA mATe rakhAya. arvAcIna bhAratIya kalA be gelarIomAM pradarzita thaI. myujhiyamane prAkRtika ItihAsa-vibhAga dasa gelarIomAM goThavAye--pAMca prANiyavidyAne lagatI ane bAkInI bhUstaravidyA tathA prAcIna vanaspatividyAne lagatI. mAnavavaMzavidyAne lagatA vibhAgamAM bhAratanI lokasaMskRti tathA AdivAsI jAtionI saMskRti rajU thaI. bhAratIya zilpakRtiomAM IDara pradezanI tathA akeTA( vaDedarA)nI kRtio nedhapAtra che. bhAratIya citralAnA vibhAgamAM gujarAta-rAjasthAnanAM laghuci tathA mughalacitra ullekhanIya che. vividha hunnarakalAnA namUnA bhAratanA bhinna bhinna pradezanuM pratinidhitva dharAvatA myujhiyamamAM samRddha pustakAlaya . vaLI myujhiyama sUcigraMtha tathA buleTine prakAzita kare che. vaDe darAnI ma. sa. yunivarsiTInA myujhiyamavidyA-vibhAganA vidyArthIone A myujhiyama prAyogika tAlIma mATe sakriya sahakAra ApatuM. 2. voTsana myujhiyama, rAjakoTa punarvyavasthA pachI A myujhiyamane bhUstaravidyA purAtatva kalA hunnare ane prAkRtika ItihAsanA vibhAgomAM vibhakta karavA mAM AveluM. vaLI kRSi zarIrazAstra udyoga vanaspatizAstra bhUgoLavidyA vagerene lagatA nAnA vibhAga paNa rakhAyA. sikkAo tathA zilpa-sthApatyane lagatI vastuomAM A myujhiyama saurASTranuM sahuthI mahattvanuM myujhiyama gaNAya. chevaTamAM A myujhiyamane vahIvaTa muMbaI 2 jyane hastaka hatA. jUnAgaDha myujhiyama, jUnAgaDha sakakara bAgamAM AveluM agAunuM rasulakhAnajI myujhiyama' AjhAdI pachI jUnAgaDha myujhiyama tarIke oLakhAya che. 1948 mAM iMTavAnA khedakAmamAM maLelA purAvazeSa A myujhiyamamAM umerAyA, jemAM rudrasena-vihArane lagate mudrAMka noMdhapAtra che. myujhiyama purAtatva. kalAo ane hunnaro, prAkRtika ItihAsa ane bhUstaravidyAnA vibhAga dharAve che. chevaTamAM ene vahIvaTa muMbaI sarakArane hastaka hate.

Page #522
myujhiyamakSetre vikAsa 4. kaccha myujhiyama, bhUja A gujarAtanuM sahuthI prAcIna myujhiyama che. agAunu krurgyusana myujhiyama AjhAdI pachI 'kaccha myujhiyama' tarIke oLakhaya che. A myujhiyamane saMgraha mukhyatve kacchanA mahArAvAne dezavidezamAMthI maLelI kalAkArIgarInI vastuo, kacchanI rathAnika hunnarakalAnA namUnA, kacchanAM khanijo ane kacchanA zikSAlekhA tathA sikkAonA samRddha vibhAga dharAve che. zilAlekhAmAM kSatrapa kAlanA yaSTi-lekhA ane sikkAomAM kacchanI kArIA noMdhapAtra che, chevaTamAM myujhiyamane vahIvaTa mu*baI sarakArane hastaka hatA.cha 497 5. khATana myujhiyama, bhAvanagara bAna pustakAlayanA makAnamAM zarU thayeluM. A myujhiyama AgaLa jatAM mULamAM jUnI zAmaLadAsa kaeNAlejanI prayogazALA tarIke badhAyelA makAnamAM khaseDAyuM. zilpakRtio, zilAlekhA, tAmrapatrA, saMskRta hastapratA, sikkA, ITA, valabhInA mRdbhAMDakhaDA, siheAranAM bhitti-citrAnI pratikRti, dhAtupratimA, tailacitrA, azmIbhUta avazeSA, sthAnika hAtha-hunnarakalAnI kRti ane khetInAM AArAnA sagraha dharAve che. myujhiyamanA vahIvaTa chevaTamAM gAMdhIsmRti TrasTane suparata thayeA.8 6. saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela myujhiyama, surata agAunuM 'vincesTara myujhiyama' AjhAdI pachI A nAme eLakhAya che. 1952 mAM surata baro myunisipAlaTIe zatAbdI utsava prasaMge yeAjelA pradarzane enA vikAsane navuM preAtsAhana apeluM, emAM keTalAka vibhAga umerAyA ne ete mATe khAsa makAna baMdhAyu' (1956). A myujhiyamamAM rAjapUta mughala kAMgarA ane gujarAtI zailInAM citrA, sacitra hastapatrA, zilpakRtio, dhAtupratimAe, hastakalAnA vividha namUnA, jarIkAma bharatakAma tathA kAzipeAnA namUnA, dhAtu-hunnarakalAnA namUnA, vividha pozAkA, hastapratA, tAmrapatrA, Ayu, vAgho ane prANi ivadyAne lagatA saMgraha rahelA che. enA vahIvaTa suratanI myunisipAliTInI salAhakAra samiti dvArA thAya che. upara jaNAvelAM cha myujhiyama agAunA kAlakhaMDa daramyAna sthapAyAM hatAM, jyAre A kAlakhaMDa daramyAna gujarAtamAM nIcenAM bahuhetuka myujhiyama umerAyAM H 32

Page #523
488 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI leDI vilsana myujhiyama, dharamapura videzanI kArIgarInI harIphAI karavA pitAnI prajAne protsAhana ApavAnA uddezathI dharamapuranA mahArAjAe 1928 mAM A myujhiyama sthApyuM. ene mukhya Azaya videzI kalAkArIgarI darzAvavAne hoI emAM sthAnika ke bhAratIya kalAnI vastuo karatAM videzI kalAnI vastuo ghaNI moTI saMkhyA dharAve che. 1948mAM ene vahIvaTa muMbaI rAjyanA udyoga-vibhAgane suparata thaye. myujhiyamane be makAnamAM goThaveluM. mukhya makAnamAM kAcanI, hAthIdAMtanI, pa02 ane lAkaDAnI, dhAtunI. cInI mATInI, kApaDanI, ghAsa ane vAMsanI temaja lAkha ane jaDAvanI kalAtmaka kRtio, sikakA, TapAla TikiTa, jaMgala ane khetInI pedAza, bhUstaravidyA ane prANividyAne lagatA namUnA, citravIthi, vastro ane alaMka re, mRmbhADe ane ITonA saMgraha AvelA hatA, jyAre vadhArAnA makAnamAM vAdyonA namUnA najare paDatA. : 8. myujhiyama opha aiTikivaTIjha, jAmanagara enI sthApanA e samayanA navAnagara rAjya "lAkhoTA' nAme makAnamAM 1946 mAM karelI. mULamAM e purAtatvaviSyaka myujhiyama hatuM, jemAM zilpa abhilekhe sikkAo hastaprata citro ane prAga-ItihAsanA vibhAga hatA, paraMtu emAM e uparAMta prAkRtika itihAsa, hunnara ane bhUstaravidyAnA vibhAga umerAyA. prAcIna avazeSamAM seMdhonAM nAmrapatro, bhUcaramorInA yuddhane lagatAM bhitti-citro ane hAlAra tathA soraThanAM purAtana sthaLoe maLelA avazeSa ullekhanIya che. chevaTamAM bAlavibhAga umerAye, jemAM ramakaDAM, masAlA bharelAM paMzupaMkhIo vagere neMdhapAtra che. chevaTamAM myujhiyamane vahIvaTa muMbaI sarakArane hastaka hato.11 9. saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI myujhiyama, vallabhavidyAnagara A myujhiyama mULamAM cArutara vidyAmaMDaLa zrI amRta vasaMta paMDayAnI preraNA ane zrI bhAIlAlabhAI paTela(bhAIkAkA)nA protsAhanathI 1949 mAM sthApeluM. emAM saMgrahanI zarUAta kheDA jillAnI purAvastuo tathA narmadA khINanA bhUstarIya avazeSa rUpe thayelI. De. yUthIe bheTa ApelI saMkhyAbaMdha dhAtupratimAo tathA kalAkRtio vaDe myujhiyama ghaNuM samRddha thayuM. myujhiyamanA saMgrahamAM zilpakRtio sikkAo zilAlekhe ane kalAkRtione samAveza thata hato. ene vahIvaTa zarUAtamAM cArutara vidyAmaMDaLanI purAtatva saMsthAne hastaka

Page #524
myujhiyamakSetre vikAsa 488 hato, paraMtu 1960mAM myujhiyama sa. 5. yunivarsiTIne hastaka karAyuM. saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI ene bahuhetuka myujhiyama tarIke vikasAvI rahela che 12 10. zrI giradharabhAI bALasaMgrahAlaya, amarelI sana 1934 mAM amarelInA gohilavADa TIMbAmAMthI ekatra karelA purAvazeSanuM pradarzana zrI pratAparAya gi. mahetAe sArvajanika pustakAlayanI bAjunA khaMDamAM bhareluM. keTalAka varSo pachI muMbaI rAjayanA nANAmaMtrI rDo. jIvarAja mahetAnA protsAhanathI zrI pratAparAya mahetAe amarelImAM bApayogI sArvajanika myujhiyama sthApavAnuM svIkAryuM. rAjaya sarakAre raMgamahAlanuM makAna myujhiyama mATe ApyuM, zrI pratAparAya mahetAe pitA giradharabhAInA nAmanuM A myujhiyama 1955 mAM sthApyuM. amarelInI myunisipAliTI ene vahIvaTa saMbhALe che. A myujhiyama amarelI ane enI AsapAsanA vistAramAM bALakonA zikSaNakeMdra tarIke mahattva dharAve che. emAM amarelInI purAvastuo, kalA ane purAtattava, mAnavajAtividyA, prAkRtika ItihAsa, khagoLa vAhanavyavahAra vijJAna vArtA, tathA AMtararASTriya ane matsyagRhanA vibhAga AvelA che. A vibhAgonI pradazita vastuo bALakone samajAvavAmAM Ave che temaja teone e vize vArtArUpe samajUtI paNa ApavAmAM Ave che.13 A kalA ane purAtattvane lagatuM myujhiyama 1. saMskArake, amadAvAda A myujhiyama amadAvAda myunisipala korporezane 1957mAM sthApyuM. AraMbhika varSomAM enA makAnamAM mAtra kAmacalAu pradarzana yojavAmAM AvatAM. AgaLa jatAM emAM sthAnika zilpa sthApatyanI kRtione temaja ena. sI. mahetAe ekatra karela citrono saMgraha umerAyo. A myujhiyamamAM e uparAMta prAkRtika ItihAsa ane mAnavavidyAnA vibhAga rAkhavAnuM nirdhAreluM che.' che. purAtatvaviSayaka myujhiyama 1. ma. sa. yunivarsiTInA purAtattva ane prAcIna ItihAsa vibhAganuM myujhiyama,vaDodarA 1950 mAM vaDodarAnI ma. sa. yunivarsiTIne A vibhAga sthapAyo tyArathI ja A myujhiyama astitvamAM AvyuM che. emAM prAyaH A vibhAge sthaLatapAsa ane ukhanane dvArA prApta karelI purAvastuo saMgRhIta karavAmAM

Page #525
500 AjhAdI pahelA ane pachI Ave che. anya saMsthAo taraphathI vinimayamAM maLela purAvastuo tathA keTalIka anya purAvastuone paNa emAM samAveza thAya che. A myujhiyamamAM mRbhAMDo ojAra abhilekho sikakAo mudrAo tathA mudrAMke ane zilpakRtio ItyAdinA saMgraha AvelA che. 15 2. prabhAsapATaNa myujhiyama, prabhAsapATaNa jUnA somanAtha maMdiranA avazeSa, e sthAne navuM maMdira baMdhAvatAM pahelAM thayelA jUnA maMdiranA pAyAnI ukhananamAMthI ane zAvanA TIMbAnA tathA nagaranA TIMbAnA ukhananamAMthI maLelA purAvazeSone saMgraha karavAmAM Avyo. 1951 mAM sthapAyeluM A myujhiyama prAcIna prabhAsa tathA somanAtha pATaNanA purAvazeSenI jhAMkhI karAve che. emAM zilpakRtio abhilekho ane sikakAo tathA mRbhAMDenA vibhAga AvelA che.16 3. bhe. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavananuM myujhiyama, amadAvAda sana 1848 mAM sthapAyelI gujarAta varnAkayulara sesAyaTI(je have gujarAta vidyAsabhA' tarIke oLakhAya che)e cheka phArbasa ane dalapatarAmanA samayathI jUnI hastaprate ekatra karavAnuM zarU kareluM.7 1938mAM e saMsthAe pitAne "ucca abhyAsa ane saMzodhana vibhAga' sthApyo tyAre anudAna detI prAMtIya sarakAranI sUcanAthI eNe hastaprata ane khatapatro uparAMta jUnA sikakA tathA jUnI zilpakRtio saMgRhIta karavA mAMDelI.17e 1946mAM A vibhAga zeTha bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana nAme vikasyo tyArathI enA prAcIna vastusaMgrahane prativarSa vadhu ne vadhu samRddha karavAmAM AvyA. 1946 mAM enA saMgrahamAM 2,976 saMskRta hastaprata, 1,633 gujarAtI-hiMdI hastaprato, 108 phArasIarabI hastaprata ane 1,878 sikakAone samAveza thayele, jayAre 1960 mAM 5,79ra saMskRta hastapate, 2,738 gujarAtI-hiMdI-marAThI hastaprata, 100 phArasI-arabI-urdU hastaprata, ApArAva bheLAnAtha lAIbrerI taraphathI maLelI dara0 saMskRta ane 227 phArasI-arabI-urdU hastaprato, 1,878 sikkA, 3 tAmrapatro ane 24 zilpakRtione samAveza thayo hato.19 1960mAM vidyAbhavana pitAnA alAyadA makAnamAM khaseDAtAM enA myujhiyamane eka meTA pradarzana-khaMDanI sagavaDa maLI che ne e ItihAsa-purAtatva-saMskRtinuM ucca zikSaNa letA vidyArthIone pratyakSa zikSaNa mATe upakAraka nIvaDayuM che.

Page #526
myujhiyamakSetre vikAsa 501 4. zrI rajanI pArekha Asa ane zrI kezavalAla bulAkhIdAsa komarsa kelejanuM myujhiyama, khaMbhAta kolejanA e samayanA AcAryazrI. puSkarabhAI caMdaravAkaranI preraNA tathA prA. De. . pra. amInanA puruSArthathI 1960 mAM sthapAyelA A myujhiyamamAM khaMbhAta ane enI AsapAsanAM prAcIna sthaLoethI maLelI prAcIna pratimAo tathA anya zilpakRtio, kASThazilpa sikkAo ane anya purAvastuo saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvI che. 20 kaleje sthapAyelA ane vikasAvelA myujhiyama tarIke A eka udAharaNIya namUne gaNAya. I. hunarakalAne lagatuM myujhiyama 1. darabAra haila myujhiyama jUnAgaDha jUnAgaDhanA bAbI vaMzanA navAbanA darabAra helamAM tyAMnI zAhI hunnarakalAkRtione lagatuM A myujhiyama 1947 mAM sthapAyuM. emAM zAhI rAcaracIluM, cAMdInI rAjagAdI, cAMdInI khurazI, gAlIcA jhummare arIsA talacitro phaTAo, pAlakhIe, hathiyAro, ghareNAM vagereno samAveza thAya che. 21 u. bAlazikSaNane lagatuM myujhiyama 1. bAlasaMgrahAlaya, bhAvanagara gAMdhIsmRti TrasTa dvArA 1958 mAM sthapAyeluM A myujhiyama bALakane buniyAdI tAlIma tathA manoraMjana dvArA pratyakSa zikSaNa ApatuM zaikSaNika myujhiyama che 22 U. kApaDa-udyogane lagatuM myujhiyama 1. keliko myujhiyama opha TekasaTAilsa, amadAvAda A myujhiyamanI sthApanA zrI gautama sArAbhAIe 1948 mAM karI hatI. vAyu anukUlita tathA sUryaprakAzanI asarathI mukta evuM dezamAM prathama kahI zakAya tevuM khAsa makAna keliko milanA kampAunDamAM bAMdhavAmAM AveluM. emAM 16 mI sadIthI AraMbhIne Adhunika samaya sudhInA bhAratanAM vividha kApaDa tathA viziSTa pizAkane saMgraha pradarzita karavAmAM Avyo che. bharatakAma pichavAI-kalA paToLAM kaMthAo aMgarakhAM cosalA(kacchI TopIo) cAkaLA paDadA AbhalAkAma ityAdinA namUnA kApaDa tathA pozAkonuM vaividhya darzAve che. kApaDa mATenA vividha padArtho tathA kAMtaNa ane vaNATanAM sAdhanane vikAsakrama vivekapura sara pradarzita karyo che. 23

Page #527
502 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI e. tabIbIvidyA tathA Arogyane lagatAM myujhiyama 1 thI 5, bI, je meDikala kolejanAM myujhiyama, amadAvAda A meDikala kolejanA eNneTomI velajI phArmAkolaoNjI hAijina ane phorensika meDisina e pAceya viSayonuM myujhiyama vikasatuM rahyuM che. emAM te te viSayanA upasnAtaka tathA anusnAtaka vidyArthIone pratyakSa zikSaNa mATe upakAraka nIvaDe tevA vividha namUne pradarzita karelA hoya che.24 6 thI 8 meDikala kolejanAM myujhiyama, vaDodarA 1949 mAM A koleja sthapAI tyArathI enA eNneTanI, phArmAkolAjI, paMthelAjI ane privenTiva meDisina e cAreya vibhAganAM myujhiyama sthapAyAM, jemAM upasnAtaka tathA anusnAtaka zikSaNane upayogI vividha namUnA pradarzita karelA che.25 10. heletha myujhiyama, vaDodarA sana 1953 mAM sayAjIbAganA vahAITa paMliyana'mAM vaDodarAnI munisipAliTIe A myujhiyama zrI. jI. ema. jAdhavanI preraNAthI zarU kareluM. Arogya ane svacchatA aMge pratyakSa zikSaNane uddeza dharAvatA A myujhiyamamAM havAujAsavALAM gAmaDAMonA ane havAujAsa vinAnAM gAmaDAonA nAnA namUnA darzAvI Arogya ane svAthya mATe anukULa evAM kUvA, taLAva saMDAsa gamANa pANI-puravaThA gaTara vagerene lagatAM nAnA namUna ane Alekha rajU karAyA che. vaLI zarIranAM vividha aMgenAM kAryo tathA rogonAM mULa ane nivAraNane upAyanI samajUtI ApatA namUnA ane Alekhe mUkelAM che. Arogyane lagatI philmo paNa batAvavAmAM Ave che. e. vyaktiviSayaka smAraka myujhiyama 1 gAMdhIsmAraka saMgrahAlaya, amadAvAda rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA avasAna(1948) bAda gAMdhIsmAraka nidhie dezanA judAM judAM sthaLAe gAMdhIjInA jIvanaprasaMgenI chabIo tathA emanI aMgata vaparAzanI vastuo temaja emane lagatAM lakhANa tathA pustakanI sAdhanasAmagrI darzAvatAM smArakamyujhiyama sthApyAM. gujarAtamAM AvuM paheluM myujhiyama sAbaramatI(amadAvAda)nA harijana AzramamAM gAMdhIjI je hadayakuMja" nAmanA makAnamAM bAra varSa rahelA temAM 1948 mAM sthapAyuM. emAM

Page #528
myujhiyamakSetre vikAsa 503 gAMdhIjInA zaizavathI nidhana sudhInA prasaMgone lagatI chabIo uparAMta emane cara, emaNe sIveluM khamIsa ane emanuM DhALiyuM temaja dAMDIkUca vagerene lagatI moTA kadanI AbehUba chabIo noMdhapAtra che. 27 2 gAMdhIsaMgrahAlaya, bhAvanagara | gujarAtamAM AvuM bIjuM myujhiyama 1955 mAM bhAvanagaramAM sthapAyuM. emAM gAMdhIjIne lagatI keTalIka durlabha chabIo, agatyanA dastAveja ane emanI keTalIka aMgata vastuo pradarzita karavAmAM AvI che. 28 AjhAdI pahelAM gujarAtamAM myujhiyamanuM saMcAlana zAhakuTuMba myunisipAliTIo ane khAnagI saMsthAo dvArA thatuM. svAtaMtryottara kAlamAM saurASTra sarakAranI racanA thatAM saurASTranAM myujhiyama enA purAtatva-daphatara vibhAganA niyAmaka nIce mukAyAM. tyAra bAda muMbaI rAjyanI racanA thatAM gujarAtanA sarakArI myujhiyama e rAjyanA purAtatva-daphatara vibhAganA niyAmakane hastaka mukAyAM. 1960 mAM gujarAta rAjyanI racanA thatAM teone vahIvaTa enA zikSaNa vibhAgane suparata thayA. 1964 mAM gujarAta sarakAre myujhiyamonA niyAmakane alAyade vibhAga sthApyo ne sarakArI myujhiyamane vizeSa vikAsa thayo.29 saMsthAkIya myujhiyamomAM paNa saMkhyAne tathA prakArone uttarottara vikAsa thaI rahyo che. 0 pAdaTIpa 1. juo A graMthamAlAne graMtha 8, pariziSTa 2 (pR. 578-587). 2. e paikI pAMca myujhiyama tabIbI kolejonA vividha viSayonAM hatAM, jyAre eka Arogyane lagatuM hatuM. 3. e kApaDa-udyogane lagatuM hatuM. 8. C. Sivaramamurii, Directory of Museums in India, pp. 23 f; bI. ela. mAMkaDa ane vI. eca. beDekara, "saMgrahAlayo", "gujarAta eka paricaya." pR. 239 5. Ibid., p. 39; ejana, pR. 242 6. Ibid., p. 34; ejana, pR, 242 7. Ibid., p. 26; ejana, pR. 241 8. Ibid., pp. 25 f; ejana, pR. 241 9. Ibid., pp. 40f; ejana, pR. 24ra 10. Ibid., pp. 31 f; ejana pR. 241 11. Ibid., p. 33; ejana, pR. 241-42 12. Ibid., pp. 4lf; ejana, pR. 242; naMdana che. zAstrI, "bhAratanAM myujhiyama', pR. 31 AgaLa jatAM jIvavijJAna rasAyaNazAstra ane bhautikazAstra tathA saradAra paTelanAM jIvana ane kAryanA vibhAga umerAyA che.

Page #529
504 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 13. Ibid, P. 22; mAMkaDa ane beDekara, uparyukta, pR. 241 14. Ibid, p. 21; ejana, pR. 24ra 15. Ibid, p. 25; ejana, pR. 24ra 16. Ibid., p. 39; ejana, pR. 24-43 17. hIrAlAla tri. pArekha, "kavIzvara dalapatarAma hastalikhita pustakasaMgrahanI sUci (1930); ke. kA. zAstrI, gujarAtI hastapratAnI saMkalita yAdI (sane 1937 sudhInI)-prastAvanA, 5. 16-18 17. a. gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTIne ahevAla, sana 1939, pR. 47 18. "gujarAta vidyAsabhAne ahevAla, 1946-47, pR. 16-17 19. ejana, sana 1960-61, pR. 23; C. Sivaramamurti, op. cit, p. 22 20. Usha Agrawal, Brief Directory of Museums in India, 1980 21. Ibid., p. 36; mudrikA jAnI ane svarNakamala bhaumika, "gujarAtamAM myujhiyama," pR. 13; vaDodarAnuM phatehasiMharAva myujhiyama (sthA. 1961) ane bhUjanuM madanasiMha myujhiyama (sthA. 1978) A prakAranAM myujhiyama che. bhAvanagaramAM kalAo ane hunnarane lagatuM myujhiyama gAMdhIsmRti TrasTa dvArA 1963 mAM sthapAyuM che. 22. Usha Agrawal, Ibid., p. 33; amadAvAdamAM bAlavATikAmAM eka ane zreyasanA TekarA upara bIju bAla saMgrahAlaya tathA kapaDavaMjamAM dhIrajabahena bAlasaMgrahAlaya che. 23. C. Sivaramamurti, op. cir, p. 130; mAMkaDa ane beDekara, uparyukta, pR. 243; mudrikA jAnI, "gujarAtamAM myujhiyama pravRtti, pR. 44-46 24. Ibid., p. 103; mAMkaDa ane beDekara, uparyukta, pR. 243 25. Ibid., p. 104; ejana, pR. 243 26, Ibid, pp. 103; ejana, pR. 243 27. Ibid., pp. 39 f; ejana, pR. 243 28. Usha Agrawal, op. cit, p. 337; jAnI ane bhaumika, uparyukta, pR. 28; AgaLa jatAM saradAra smAraka saMgrahAlaya amadAvAda bhAvanagara bAraDolI vagere sthaLoe thayAM che. 29-30. mudrikA jAnI, uparyukta, pR. 30-34; jAnI ane bhaumika, uparyukta, pR. 3-5, 10-29

Page #530
vaMzAvaLIo vilInIkaraNa paryata)* 1. vaDodarAne gAyakavADa vaMza 4. goviMdarAva (1783-1800) 5. AnaMdarAva (1800-1819) 6, sayAjIrAva 2 (1818-1947) 7, gaNapatarAva (1827-1856) 8, khaMDerAva (1856-1870) 9 mahArAva (1870-1875) 10. sayAjIrAva 3 je (1857-1939) sva. phatehasiMharAva 11. pratApasiMharAva (1939-1948) A graMthamAlAnA graMtha 7 ane 8 temaja A graMthanAM prakaraNa uparAMta gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbha sUci khaMDa 7 ane gujarAta rAjyanAM DisTrIkaTa gejheTiyarane AdhAra levAmAM AvyA che.

Page #531
506 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 2. jADejA vaMza (1) kacchanA jADejA (2) navAnagaranAM jADejA (jAmanagara) 21. lakhapatajI (1741-1760) 22. goDajI raje . . (1760-1778) 15. lAkhojI 3 je (1743-1764) . --- 16. jasejI 17. satAjI (1768-1814) (1814-1420) 23. rAyadhaNajI rAje 24. pRthurAja (1778-1786) (17861801) 25. (1801-1813) 18. raNamalajI (1820-1852) 26. bhAramalajI raje (1414-1819). 18. vibhAjI (1852-1895) rAjyarakSaka tarIke keneDI. (1895-1903) 27. dezaLajI raje (1818-1860) 20. jasavaMtasiMhajI (1903-1906) 28, prAgamalajI raje (1860-1875) 28. kheMgArajI 3 je (1876-1942) 21. raNajitasiMhajI (1907-1933) rara. digvijayasiMhajI ' (1933-1948) 23. rAyadhaNajI raje (1778-1786) (1801-1813) 30. vijayarAjajI ' (1942-1948) 31. madanasiMcha (1948)

Page #532
vaMzAvaLIo (vilInIkaraNa parvata) 507 (3) gAMDaLanA jADejA 4. kuMbhojI raje (17para-1789) sagarAmajI 1le 5. mULujI ) (1789thI 7. devajI 1799) (1748-1812). 6. dAjIbhAI . 8. nAthajI 9. kAnajI 10. caMdrasiMhajI 11. bhANAbhAI (1812-1814) (1814-1821) (1821- 1841) (1841-1851) (4) rAjakeTane jADejA 12. sagarAmajI raje 8. maherAmaNajI je (1746-1784) (1851-1869) 13. bhagavatasiMhajI 9 raNamalajI raje (1784-1796) (mR. 1825) (1869-1944) 14. bhojarAjajI 10. surAjI (1825-1844) (1944-1948) 11. maherAmaNajI 4 the (1844-1862). 12. bAvAjIrAja (1862-1890) 13. lAkhAjIrAja (1890-1930) 14, dharmendrasiMhajI 15. pradyumnasiMhajI ' (1935-1940) (1940-1948)

Page #533
508 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI - (5) morabInA jADejA (6) dhALanA jADejA 12. vAghajI (1714-1760) 3. rajI 13 jayasiMhajI 1le (1760-1781) 4 pacANajI pa. vAghajI 1le (1772-1785) 14. junajI raje (1781-1789) 15. nArthojI 1789) 6. hamIrajI (1785-1790) cha jiyajI (1780-1828) 16. moDajI raje (1780-1803) 8. pRthvIrAjajI (1829-1846) 17. bhUpatasiMhajI ' (1803-1844) 9. rojI raje (1846-1870) 18. jayasiMhajI raje (1844-1886) 10. vAghajI rajo (1870-1942) 19. harisiMhajI (1886-1914) 11. lakhadhIrasiMhajI (1922-1948) 12. mahendrasiMhajI (1948) 20. delatasiMhajI (1914-1938) putra (dIpasiMhajI) 21. caMdrasiMhajI (1939-1948)

Page #534
vaMzAvaLIo (vilInIkaraNa paryata). 509 3. jhAlA vaMza (1) dhAMgadhrAnA jhAlA 13. gajasiMhajI 2 jo (mR. 1765). 14. jasavaMtasiMhajI (1765-1801) (2) lIbaDInA jhAlA 28. harabhamajI le (1752-1786) 29. harisiMhajI (1786-1825) 30. bhejarAja 4 the (1925-1837) 15. rAyasiMhajI (1801-1804) 16, amarasiMhajI (1804-1843) 31. harabhamajI 2 (1837 1856) 32. phatesiMhajI (1856-1862) 17. raNamalasiMhajI (1843-1869) 18, mAnasiMhajI (1869-1900 33. jasavaMtasiMhajI (1862-1908) 34. delatasiMhajI (1908-1941) 35. digvijayasiMhajI (1941) jasavaMtasiMhajI 19. ajitasiMha ' (1900-1911) 20. ghanazyAmasiMhajI (1911-1942) 36. chatrasAlasiMhajI (1941-1948) 21. mayUradhvajasiMhajI uke megharAjajI 3 jA (1942-1948)

Page #535
510 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (3) vAMkAneranA jhAlA . (4) vaDhavANanA jhAlA 7. bhArajI (1748-1780) 6. sabalasiMha raje (1741-1765) 8. rAyasiMhajI 9. kesarIsiMha (1784-1787) 7. caMdrasiMha (1765-1778) 10. caMdrasiMha ra je (1780-1839) 8, prathIrAjajI (1778-1807) ( 11. vakhatasiMha (1838-1860) 9 jAlamahi (180-1827) jasavaMtasiMha 10. rAjasiMha (1827-1875) 12. banesiMha (1860-1881) 13. amarasiMha (1898-1948) caMdrasiMha becarasiMha 11. dAjIrAjajI (1875-1885) 12. bAlasiMha (1885-1910) 13. jasavaMtasiMha (1910-1918) 14. jorAvarasiMha (1920-1934) 15. surendrasiMha (1934-1948)

Page #536
vaMzAvaLIo (vilInIkaraNa parvata) 511 4. jeThavA vaMza (porabaMdara) 5. gRhila vaza " 175. saratAnajI raje (1) bhAvanagaranA gRhila (17pa7-1804). 176. hAle 22. bhAvasiMhajI 1 le (1804-1813) ' (1703-1764) 177. pRthIrAjajI uphe khImo 23. akherAjajI rajo (1817-1881 (1764-1772) 178. bhojarAjajI (1881-1900) *** (1772-1816) mAdhavasiMhajI ' | 25. vajesiMhajI 17. bhAvasiMhajI (1816-1852) (1900-1008) bhAvasiMhajI 180. naTavarasiMhajI . (198-1948) 26. akherAjajI 3je (1852-1854) ra7. jasavaMtasiMhajI (1854-1869) 28 takhtasiMhajI (1868-1896) 29 bhAvasiMhajI rajA (1896-1919) 30. kRSNakumArajI (1912-1948)

Page #537
512 (2) pAlitANAnA gRhila unaDajI saratAnajI rajo (mR. 1766) (1766-1820) kAMdhALa 4 thA (1820-1840) nAMghaNu 4 thA (1840-1860) pratApasiMhajI (1860) T surasi'hajI (1860-1885) mAnasa dujI (1885-1905) bahAdurasiMhajI (1901-1948) AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (3) lAThInA gRhila saMghajI sUrasiMhajI lAkhAjI (18mA saikA ) I 1 dAjIrAjajI urphe amarisa'ha (bhAvAsa hu) takhtasiMha I risaMha ('kalA pI') (1895-1900) pratApasiMha (1900-1918) prazna lAdasiMha ('rAjaha'sa') (1918-1948)

Page #538
vaMzAvaLIe (vilInIkaraNa pa ta) 6. IDaranA zADa vaMza ra. zivasi Mha (1742-1992) 3. bhavAnIsiMhu (1792 mR.) 4. gaMbhIrasa (1792-1855) 5. javAnasiMha (1855-1868) desarIsiddha (1868-1901) 7. pratApasiha (1901-1911) 8. dAlasiMha(bhatrIjo) (1911-1931) 9. hi'masi'hu 3333 kuMDha (1932-1948) 7. mAkhI vaza (1) junAgaDhanA gAmI zerakhAna--bahAdurakhAna (1757-1758) T mahAbatakhAna 1lA (1758-1975) T hamIdakhAna 19 (1775-1811) bahAdurakhAna ro (1811-1840) hamIdakhAna 2jo mahAbatakhAno (1840-1851) (1851-1882) bahAdurakhAna 3o. (1882-1892) 513 rasthAna (1892-1911) mahAbatakhAna 3 jo (1911-1948)

Page #539
514 - AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (2) rAdhanapuranA bAbI 8, pAlanapuranA hatANI vaMza | | phatehakhAna 1le kamAlakhAna kamAluddInakhAna (1729-1765) gajuddInakhAna (1765-1813) pIrakhAna phIrojhakhAna phatehakhAna zerakhAnajI (1813-1825) jorAvarakhAnajI (1825-1874). 12, phIjhakhAna 3je (1796-1812) 13. phatehakhAna raje (1812 thI 1854) birimalAkhAnajI (1874-1895) 14. jorAvarakhAna (1854-1877) murta jAkhAna (1936-1948) ( jalAluddInakhAna (1910-1936) . 15. zera mahaMmadakhAna (1877-1918) mahamada zerakhAnajI (1895-1910). 16. tAle mahamadakhAna (1918-1948) usmAnakhAna pa. karImadAdakhAna (1714-1735) 7. bahAdUrakhAna (1744-1782) mujhAhidakhAna 6. pahADakhAna je (1735-1744) usmAnakhAna 8. salImakhAna (1780-1785) 11. samazerakhAna (1974) pharI (1795-1796) 9. zerakhAna senAbu (1785-1792) 10, mubArIjhakhAna (1792-1784)

Page #540
saMdarbhasUci 1. sAmAnya (1) HOLLEGE (a) ahevAle ane daphataro 'Census of India Religion Paper No. 1, 1963' 'Census Volumes for India, Bombay Presidency for 1921 and 1931' Vol. VII, Part I 'Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement in India, Vol. II: 1885-1920', Bombay, 1958 Trivedi. R. K. (EU) : Census 1961, Gujarai, District Census Handbook': 1 10 15 - Census of India 1961, Vol V. Gujarat, Part 1 A (ii) a, Delhi, 1965 (A) gejheTiyaro Campbell, J. M. (Ed.): Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency,' Vol. IX, Pari II, Bombay. 1899 - Gujarat District Gazetteer : Ahmedabad Broach (1961). Surat (1962), Rajkot (1965). Bhavnagar (1969), Kutch (1971), Amreli (1972), Panchamahals (1972), Junagadh (1975), Mehsana (1975), Kheda (1977), Vadodara (1980), Ahmedabad (1984) - 'Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series, Bombay Presi dercy.' Vol. I, Calcutta, 1909 (U) 242deg48 Hastings. James (Ed.) : 'Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics', Vol. II, Edinburgh, 1909 () 1#1-24124* Allan, John : 'Catalogue of ihe Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta,' New Delhi, 1976

Page #541
pa16 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (u) arvAcIna graMtho Majumdar, R. C. (ed.) 'Struggle For Freedom,' Bombay. 1962 Misra, S. C. 'Muslim Communities in Gujarat,' Baroda, | 1964 Trivedi, A. B. 'Post war Gujarat,' Bombay, 1949 Varghes, Paul (ed.) "Ahmedabad Misson Golden Jubilee Souve nier, 1934 1984, Ahmedabad, 984 Vyas, Hariprasad & Gujarat To-day,' Part I, Ahmedabad, Raval, Prabodh (Pub.). | 196-63 ojhA, dhanavaMta "gujarAta darzana, amadAvAda, 1954 gAMdhI, bhogIlAla (saMpA.) "gujarAta darzana, vaDodarA, 1960 ThAkara, zAMtilAla naDiyAdane ItihAsa," amadAvAda, 1951 desAI, I. I. "sUrata sonAnI mUrata, surata, 1958 desAI, geviMdabhAI hA. gujarAtane arvAcIna itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1918 desAI, cUnIlAla ma. "vaDedarA rAjyane ItihAsa, vaDodarA, 1926 parIkha, rasikalAla che. ane zAstrI, hariprasAda gaM. gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa (saMpA.) graMtha 1, amadAvAda, 1972 parIkha, rAmalAla (saMpA.) "gujarAta eka paricaya (koMgresane bhAvanagara adhivezana aMkaH jAnyu. 1961), bhAvanagara, 1961 pArekha, hIrAlAla tri. "arvAcIna gujarAtanuM rekhAdarzana, amadAvAda, 1937 , , (saMpA.) "leDI vidyAgaurI maNimahotsava-abhinaMdana graMtha, amadAvAda, 1936 bAvIsI, mugaTalAla "gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 7 amadAvAda, 1980 bhaTTa, narmadAzaMkara "khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana, khaMbhAta, 1976 mahetA, kapilarAyA "amadAvAda sarvasaMgraha, amadAvAda, 1948 rAjagara, zivaprasAda arvAcIna gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa," amadAvAda, 1974 - gujarAta eka darzana, vaDodarA, 1957 rAThoDa, rAmasiMhajI "kacchanuM saMskRti darzana, amadAvAda, 1959 zAstrI, hariprasAda gaM. ane parIkha, pravINacaMdra ci. gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa, (saMpA.), graMtha 8, amadAvAda, 1984 zAha, puruSottama che. ane zAha, caMdrakAMta (saMpA.) "carotara sarvasaMgraha', bhAga 1-2, naDiyAda, 1954

Page #542
2. prakaraNavAra (sAmAnya saMdarbha sUcimAM jaNAvelA graMtha sivAyanI) prakaraNa 1 dalAla, yAsIna "akhabAranuM avalokana," rAjakoTa, 1981 parIkha, ramezakAMta gujarAtanA itihAsa-saMzodhanamAM daphataronuM mahatva, gujarAta itihAsa pariSada (7 muM jJAnasatra, bhANavaDa), amadAvAda, 1982 pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa paricaya," "sApanA bhArA," amadAvAda, 1936 mahetA, makaranda gujarAtanA ItihAsa-saMzodhanamAM daphataronuM mahatva, gujarAta itihAsa pariSada (muM jJAnasatra, bhANavaDa), amadAvAda, 1982 mArzala, ratana rUstamajI "gujarAtI patrakAratvane itihAsa, surata, 1950 vaidya, vijayarAyA arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA, muMbaI, 1949 suMdarama "arvAcIna kavitA," amadAvAda, 1934 Bhaitacharyya, S. N Parikh, Narahari akakaDa, vallabhadAsa prakaraNa 2 'Mahatma Gandhi-The Journalist,' Bombay, 1965 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel,' Vol. II, Ahmedabad, 1956 "svAtaMtrya saMgrAmane eka saMke', "gujarAta eka paricaya" (saMpA. rAmalAla parIkha), bhAvanagara, 1961 "AtmakathA, amadAvAda, 196ra "mahAtmA gAMdhI," bhAga 1, amadAvAda, 1965 "gujarAtanAM satyAgraha Adelane,' "gujarAta darzana," (saMpA. bhogIlAla gAMdhI), vaDodarA, 1960 gAMdhIyuga', "gujarAta eka paricaya" (saMpA. rAmalAla parIkha), bhAvanagara, 1961 gAMdhI, mehanadAsa ka. joSI, aMbAlAla nA desAI, nArAyaNa desAI, maganabhAI

Page #543
518 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI desAI, zAMtilAla "rASTrane svAtaMtrya saMgrAma ane gujarAta, amadAvAda, 197ra naheru, javAharalAla ' "mAruM hiMdanuM darzana" (guja. anu), amadAvAda. 1951 paTTAbhI, sItArAmaiyA "mahAsabhAne ItihAsa' (guja. anu.), amadAvAda, 1935 parIkha, narahari dvA. "saradAra vallabhabhAI,' bhAga 1, amadAvAda, 1950 pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa nA. "saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela, amadAvAda, 1971 baeNnkara, zaMkaralAla "gAMdhIjI ane majUra pravRtti," amadAvAda, 1965 mahetA, kapilarAyA "gujarAtanuM patrakAratva "gujarAta darzana" (saMpA. bhogIlAla gAMdhI), vaDedarA, 1960 mahetA, kalyANajIbhAI vi. ane desAI, IzvaralAla I. "dAMDIkuca, amadAvAda, 1968 zAha, kAMtilAla ma. 'viramagAma satyAgra, amadAvAda, 1974 zAha, cinubhAI pu. vyAyAma pracAranAM pacAsa varSa,' "gujarAta eka paricaya" (saMpA. rAmalAla parIkha), bhAvanagara, 1961 prakaraNa 3 Mishra, B B. 'Indian Political Parties', Delhi, 1976 Weiner, Myron 'Party Politics in India : The Developm: t of a Multi-Party System', New Jersey, 1957 desAI, mahebUba jaranI caLavaLamAM bhAvanagara" "pathika," varSa 20, aMka 10, amadAvAda, 1981 paMDyA, kamaLAzaMkara verAna jIvana, muMbaI ane indara, 1973 baeNnkara, zaMkaralAla gAMdhIjI ane rASTrIya pravRtti,' amadAvAda, 1967 bhaTTa, narahari hiMdI rASTrIya mahAsabhAne ItihAsa, bhAga 3, vaDodarA, 1938 mahetA, dinakara parivartana, amadAvAda, 1966 yAjJika, iMdulAla AtmakathA,' bhAga 5, amadAvAda, 1971 saMghavI, nagInadAsa vagere "svarAjadarzana, vallabhavidyAnagara, 1969

Page #544
saMdarbha sUci 518 prakaraNa 4 tAle mahaMmadakhAna, pAlaNapura rAjayane ItihAsa', bhA. 1, vaDedarA, 1913. dezAI, zaMbhuprasAda ha. saurASTrane ItihAsa jUnAgaDha, 1968 paTela, caMdrakAMta "mANasA satyAgraha," mAhitI khAtuM, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda, 1978 vorA, maNibhAI porabaMdara, porabaMdara, 1977 prakaraNa 5 .. . . . . : Menon, V. P. 'The Story of the Integration of Indian States', Bombay, 1956 'For A United India', Delhi, 1967 dezAI, zaMbhuprasAda ha. 'jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', jUnAgaDha, 1975 pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa nA. "saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela, amadAvAda, 1963 mahetA, baLavaMtarAya ekIkaraNa', "gujarAta eka paricaya" (saMpA. rAmalAla parIkha), bhAvanagara, 1961 zAstrI, ke. kA. prAcIna bhaugolika ullekho, "gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa", graMtha 1, amadAvAda, 1972 suratI, nAnubhAI - "rAjya racanAne itihAsa," "gujarAta eka paricaya: (saMpA. rAmalAla parIkha), bhAvanagara, 1961 - prakaraNa 6 'An Account of Shree Bhagvatsin hjee Golden Jubilee Celebration," Gondal, 1934 Chudgar, P. L. 'Indian Princes Under British Protection', London, 1929 'India 1957', Delhi, 1957 "India 1960, Delhi, 1960 Mayne C. 'History of the Dhrangadhra State', Calcutta, 1921 Parmar, Ladhabhai The Rewakantha Directory', Vol. II, Rajkot, : H. (Ed.) 1922

Page #545
para0 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI Sharpe, Elizabeth 'Thakore Sahib Shree Daulatsingh of Limbdi". London, 1931 TApariyA, jasavaMtasiMha. "amara-caritra', vAMkAnera, 1979 zAha, zAMtilAla saurASTramAM gAMdhIjI', rAjakoTa, 197ra pariziSTa Gupta, P. L. Lahiri, A. N. 'Coins', New Delhi, 1969 'Indo-British Coins Since 1835,' "Journal of Numismatics Society of India". Vol. XXIII, Varanasi. 1961 zAstrI, hariprasAda gaM. ane parIkha, pravINacaMdra ci. "bhAratIya sikkAzAstra', amadAvAda, 1978 prakaraNa 7 'Economic and Political Weekly', Vol. XIX, No 3, January 21, 1984 Desai, Neera 'Social Change in Gujarat.' Bombay, 1978 Desai. Sapur F 'A Community at the Cross Road', Bombiy 1948 Mistry, Maneck P "Report of the Survey of Gujarat Parsis (Rural)', Bombay. 1967 Shah, B. V. 'Godavara Parsis', Surat, 1954 gAMdhI, me. ka tyAgamUrti ane bIjA lekhe', amadAvAda, 1950 gAMdhI, mo. ka. (saMpA. ) "navajIvana', pustaka 1, 4, 11, 15, 16, 17, navajIvana prakAzana, amadAvAda tisaMdha: ati vikAsayAtrA', amadAvAda, 1971 ThAkora, Indravadana ba. (taMtrI) "prajAbaMdhu suvarNAka", amadAvAda, 1948 trivedI, navalarAma jagannAtha "samAja sudhAraNanuM rekhAdarzana', amadAvAda, 1934 desAI, aMjanA anAvilemAM samAja sudhAraNA', amadAvAda. desAI, nIrA gujarAtamAM strI sudhAraNAnI caLavaLa', senTara phora sezyala sTaDIjha, 16-17 DiseMbara, 1983nA parisaMvAdamAM vAMcela pepara (apragaTa)

Page #546
saMdarbhasUci para1 paTela, UrmilA vikasatA samudAyo', amadAvAda, 1983 paTela, tArAbahena bhAratIya samAjavyavasthA', amadAvAda, 196ra paTela, harabansa 'saurASTranA pATIdAromAM samAjasudhAraNa', senTara phora sezyala sTaDIjha, 16-17 DiseMbara, 1983nA parisaMvAdamAM vAcela pepara (apragaTa) pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa nA gujarAtamAM racanAtmaka saMsthAo ane sevake', ane desAI zAMtilAla amadAvAda, 1970 bhaTTa, uSA amadAvAda zaheranI strI netRtvazakti', amadAvAda, 1982 mahetA, zAradA jIvana saMbhAraNuM', vaDodarA, 1938 mArzala, ratana rUstamajI "gujarAta pArasI pariSada graMtha', surata, 1947 -"gujarAtanA pArasIo', surata, 1969 vAzika acuta, zAha, ghanazyAma, joSI vidyuta 'arthAta', pu. 2, aMka 2-3, amadAvAda, 1983 (saMpA.) zAha, aMjanA samAjasudhAraNamAM gAMdhIjInuM pradAna amadAvAda, 1981 zAha, kAntilAla (saMpA.) "mUThI UMcero mAnavI', amadAvAda, 1974 zrImALI, dalapata "sevAmUrti parIkSitalAla', amadAvAda, 1970 puravaNI Guha, Chandi (Bos :) 'Social Work of Christian Missionaries in Gujarat : 1815-1947' (Typed Thesis) Ahmedabad, 1984 Cnoksey, R. D prakaraNa 8 'Economic life in Bumbay : Gujarat (1800 1939)', Bombay, 1965 "Life and Labour in a South Gujarat Village, Mangalore, 1930 Mukhtyar, G. C.

Page #547
parere AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 'Progress of Co-operative Movement in Gujarat,' Souvenier, 42 Science Congress Conference' Vadodara. 1955 "Lile and Labour in Gujarat Taluka' Calcutta, 1937 'Kathiawar Economics', Bombay, 1943 Shukla J. B. Trivedi, A. B. gAMdhI, mo. ka. pariziSTa 'India Abroad", Vol. X1, No. 44, 1981 Project Report of International School of Dravidian Linguistic Asscciation for the year 1976', dakSiNa AphrikAnA satyAgrahane ItihAsa, amadAvAda, 1960 gujarAta paricaya" (orissAmAM vasatA gujarAtI enuM vastIpatraka sahitanuM pustaka), 196ra dakSiNa bhAratanA saurASTrIe', rAjakoTa, 1955 vizvagurjarI eNDa-vizeSAMka, amadAvAda dave, IzvaralAla 2. koThArI, viThThaladAsa jozI, umAzaMkara Thakakara, pravINa prakaraNa 9 keLavaNI vaDe krAMti, amadAvAda, 1950 keLavaNIne kImiyo', amadAvAda, 1978 gujarAtane strI-keLavaNIne itihAsa', amadAvAda, 1979, arvAcIna bhAratIya keLavaNIne vikAsa, vaDodarA, 1968 desAI, dhanavaMta pariziSTa Dull, Newton Mohan 'Baroda and Its Libraries' Baroda, 1928 zAha, vibhUta gujarAtamAM pustakAlaya pravRtti', mAhitI khAtuM, gujarAtarAjaya, gAMdhInagara, 1981

Page #548
saMdarbha sUci 523 rAvaLa, anaMtarAya pArekha, hIrAlAla tri. zAstrI, ke. kA. Boyd, Robin prakaraNa 10 arvAcIna sAhityanAM preraka baLa', "gujarAtI graMthakAra saMmelana vyAkhyAnamAlA", vaDodarA, 1948 -bhUmikA', "gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa, graMtha 4 (saMpA. jozI umAzaMkara vagere), amadAvAda, 1981 puravaNI "gujarAta sAhitya sabhA kAryavAhI' (1933thI 1958 sudhInI), amadAvAda, 1934thI 1965 graMtha ane graMthakAra', graMtha 1 thI 11, amadAvAda, 1930thI 1966 gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTIne ItihAsa', bhAga 3, amadAvAda, 1934 gujarAtanA sArasvato', amadAvAda, 1977 prakaraNa 11 Church History of Gujarat', Madras, 1981 'Shri Ramakrishna Ashr m Rajkot, Report, April 1975 to March 1978', Rajkot, 1978 'gujarAta ke sato kI hindI sAhitya ko dena', mathurA, 1968 ___ 'svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya kA vikAsa evaM guruparaMparA', ahamadAbAda, 1980 'gacchAdhipati pU. A. zrI kailAsasAgara sUrIzvarajI ma. sA. jIvanayAtrA : eka paricaya', kobA, 1985 na bane pramAva AvA', trAsan (rA), 1979 "vahatA jJAnI niramA', gura (rAjasthAna), 186 zrI araviMda gujarAtamAM', "zrI araviMda nivAsa | dazAbdI mahotsava," vaDodarA "mA AnaMdamayInI AnaMdayAtrA', amadAvAda, 1984 "zrI sUryapuranI jaina paricaya buka', surata, 1970 gupta, rAmakumAra have, hRSarAya tri. muni, mitrAna'da sAgara sAdhvI, sadhamitrA sAdhvIpramukhA, kanakaprabhA upAdhyAya, raNadhIra kinArIvAlA, DAhyAbhAI (saMpA.)

Page #549
para4 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI gAMdhI, mehanadAsa ka. maMgaLa prabhAta', amadAvAda, 1940 - harijanabaMdhu', tA. 29 mArca, 1936 zrI jAnakIdAsajI mahArAja zatAbdI mahotsava smaraNikA', karamasada, vi. sa. 2035 jAnI, aruNodaya pUjayazrI moTAne aMjali', "svAdhyAya", varSa 14, aMka 2, vaDodarA, 1977 graMtha ane graMthakAra', pR. 3 (1932), pu. 5 (1934), pu. 7 (1936), pu. 9 (1944), pu. 10 (1952), amadAvAda Thakkara, kezavalAla Adhunika gujarAtanA saMta', bhAga 1, vaDodarA, 1966 Thakakara, dhIrubhAI "arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanI vikAsarekhA', amadAvAda, 1972 trivedI, narmadabhAI ja. "thiophIkala sosAyaTI saurASTramAM', "Urminava racanA", varSa 44, aMka 7-8, rAjakoTa, 1973 desAI, kumArapALa sadInuM saravaiyuM", "jaina ratnaciMtAmaNi, bhA. 2 (saMpA. devaluka, naMdalAla), bhAvanagara, 1985 desAI, ratilAla dI. "zeTha ANaMdajI kalyANajI peDhIne itihAsa', bhA. 1, amadAvAda, 1983 dharmacakra', varSa 3, aMka 5, amadAvAda, 1978; dharmacakra', varSa 6, aMka 1, amadAvAda, 1981 paTela, cImanabhAI I. rAmadevajInuM camatkArI maMdira', "dharma saMdeza", varSa 16, aMka 1, amadAvAda, 1980 parIkha, narahari dvA. "sAmyavAda ane sarvodaya tathA bIjA lekho', amadAvAda, 1935 paMDayA, rameza "varatAla-darzana', amadAvAda, vi. saM. 207 prabhAzaMkara elIzAbhAI "suvArtAnuM paroDha ane parAtparanuM parAkrama', mahesANA, 1982 bhaTTa, kAntikumAra rAmakabIra saMpradAya', keliphorniyA, 1982 bhaTTI, nAgajIbhAI "sAyalAnA saMta lAlajI mahArAja', "minavaracanA', varSa 56, aM. 12, rAjakoTa, 1986 zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava graMtha), bhA. 2, muMbaI, 1968

Page #550
sadarbha sUci mahetA, namadAzaMkara mahetA, babalabhAI mAstara, karIma mahamada muni, bhuvanacaMdra meAdI, amRtalAla nArezvara vALaMda, vADIlAla veArA, maNibhAi zAstrI, durgAzaMkara ke. zAstrI, hariprasAda ane zelata, bhAratI zelata, bhAratI sAMDesarA, upendra seAnI, ramaNalAla svAmI, sAI zaraNAnaMda 14, nArAyaLa (savA.) gAMdhI, puruSottama nA. (saMpA.) 'zAkata saMpradAya', muMbaI, 1973 'sarvAdaya ane bhUdAnayajJa', vaDAdarA, 1956 'mahAgujarAtanI musalamAnA', bhA, 1-2, vaDAdarA, 1969 parapa 'zrI pArzvacaMdragacchanA pU. munipuMgavAnA paricaya', "jaina ratna ciMtAmaNi" (sa`pA. devaluka, naMdalAla), bhA. 2, bhAvanagara, 1985 'nArezvaranA nAtha', nArezvara, 1983 zrI lakulIza tI kAyAvarohaNa', 'dha leAka", va 18, aM. 9, amadAvAda, 1983 porabaMdara', pe:rabaMdara, 1977 zaivadhatA saMkSapti itihAsa', mu`baI, 1936 amadAvAdanA zIkha gurudvArAnA lekha','buddhiprakAza", pu. 128, amadAvAda, 1981 --amadAvAdanI agiyArIonA zilAlekha', "buddhi prakAza", pu. 127, amadAvAda, 1980 --'gujarAtamAM yadnIe', "pathika'', varSa 20, aMka 7, amadAvAda, 1981 'amadAvAdanA tribhASI kUdI zilAlekha ane tyAMnuM kabarastAna, vidyApITha', saLaMga aMka 110, amadAvAda, 1981 'zIkhadana', vallabhavidyAnagara, 1976 'saMtasAgara', bhAga 1-2, amadAvAda, 1985 'zrI sAMIbAbA', amadAvAda, vi. sa. 2022 prakaraNa 12 'Bombay Art Society Diamond Jubilee Souvenier 1888-1948', Bombay, 1948 Lalit Kala Akademi', New Delhi, 1960 'tijA gAmI, nyU vilhI, 1980 gujarAtamAM saMgItanuM punarujjIvana', amadAvAda, 1939

Page #551
para AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI dozI, amubhAI "bhAratIya saMgItane vikAsa', amadAvAda, 1975 nAyaka, sureza . "gujarAtI raMgabhUminA abhinaya -zilpI bApulAla nAyaka', gAMdhInagara, 1980 paramAra, jayamala "ApaNAM lekanRtya', amadAvAda, 1957 bAraDa, mAnasaMgajI (taMtrI) pathika', sapTe.-okaTo, amadAvAda, 1980 mahetA, dhanasukhalAla "gujarAtI binadhaMdhAdArI raMgabhUmine ItihAsa', - vaDodarA, 1956 zAha, vimala gujarAtanA AdivAsIe, amadAvAda, 1966 gujarAta dIpotsavI aMka, 2018, 2037, 2038, 2041 gujarAtI raMgabhUmi, savA zatAbdI smAraka graMtha, muMbaI, 1979 yazavaMta zukala ane madhusUdana pArekha (saMpA.) "buddhiprakAza', pu. 127, amadAvAda, 1980 pariziSTa gAMdhI, puruSottama nA. (saMpA.) "gujarAtamAM saMgItanuM punarujajIvana', amadAvAda, 1938 -rASTrIya zALA rAjakoTa", "gujarAta" dI. 1928, gAMdhInagara. 1972 paTela, sudhAbahena "occhavabhAInuM jIvanacaritra', apragaTa nibaMdha, amadAvAda, bhAratIya saMgIta vidyAlaya smaraNikA', rAjakoTa, 1976 "saMgIta nATaya bhAratI rAjakeTa 1953 thI 1978, 25 varSanI pravRtti ane pragati', rAjakeTa, 1978 prakaraNa 13 'Archaeological Survey of India, Anual Reports, 1954-55, 1964-65, 1967-68 Karaka, Dosabhai F. "History of the Parsis', Vol. 1, London, 1884 Munshi K. M. 'Somnath the Shrine Eternal, Delhi, 1951 Premani, P, H. (Ed.) 'Guide to Somnath', Jamnagar, 1977

Page #552
saMdarbha sUci 527 kuruvA, caulA "gujarAtanI hastakaLA-kArIgarI', muMbaI, 1983 gujarAtane hastakalA udyoga', mAhitI khAtuM, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda. 1961 gaudAnI, haribhAI saurASTranuM hIra-sUtarAu bharatakAma', "Urminava racanA', varSa 48, rAjakeTa, 1977 dezAI, zaMbhuprasAda prabhA sa ane semanAtha', prabhAsa pATaNa, 196pa zIra khurazeda dAbu vakIla anajumana AdarAne golDana jyubIlI graMtha, 1983-84', amadAvAda, 1985 . paramAra, kheDIdAsa saurASTranuM lekabharata', "UrminavaracanA', varSa 48, rAjakoTa, 1977 palANa, narottama "lekakalAnI dhAtumUrtio', "UrminavaracanA", varSa 48, rAjakoTa, 1977 bAramaiyA, bihArIlAla bATika', "kumAra", varSa 44, amadAvAda, 1967 rAThoDa, rAmasiMha "karachI-bharata ane baniyArI bharta kamma', "Urmi. navaracanA', varSa 48, rAjakoTa, 1977 rAyajAdA, rAjendrasiMha "bharavADanA alaMkAre', "UrminavaracanA", varSa 48, rAjakoTa, 1977 verA, maNibhAI mAnavInI zobhana samRddhi, "UrminavaracanA", - varSa 48, rAjakoTa, 1977 -bharatakAma kaccha-saurASTranuM', "UrminavaracanA', varSa pa7, rAjakoTa, 1986 pariziSTa 1 jApe jamazeda zatAbdi graMtha', muMbaI 1932 trivedI, pinAkina gujarAtI vRttapatrone vikAsa", "gujarAta", saM. 2040, gAMdhInagara, 1984 diveTiyA, na. bho. prAcIna ane arvAcIna sAhitya vaccenA bhedI, pariSada-pramukhonAM bhASaNe", muMbaI, 1941 desAI, kumArapALa (saMpA.) "sAhitya ane patrakAratva, amadAvAda, 1980 paTela, jayavadana "gujarAtI patrakAratva ane vRttata nivedana", "sAhitya ane patrakAratva", amadAvAda, 1980

Page #553
para8 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mahetA, kapilarAya "vRttapa", "gujarAta eka paricaya", bhAvanagara, 1961 mArzala, ratana rUstamajI " "gujarAtI patrakAratvane ItihAsa, surata, 1950 -vRttavivecana, "gujarAta eka paricaya", bhAvanagara, 1961 pariziSTa 2 Archaeology in India, Delhi, 1950 Foots, Robert Bruce 'The Foote Colection of Indian Prehisto ric and Protohistoric Antiquities, 1917 pariziSTa 3. Agrawal, Usha 'Brief Directory of Museums in India', New Delhi, 1980 Sivaramamurti, C. 'Directory of Museums in India', New Delhi. 1959 gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTIne ahevAla, sana 1939), amadAvAda, 1941 gujarAta vidyAsabhAne ahevAla, 1946-47', amadAvAda, 1948 jAnI, mudrikA gujarAtamAM myujhiyama pravRtti', gAMdhInagara, 1975 jAnI, mudrikA ane bhaumika svarNakamala gujarAtamAM myujhiyamo', vaDodarA, 1978 pArekha, hIrAlAla tri. kavIzvara dalapatarAma hastalikhita pustakasaMgrahanI sUci', 1930 mAMkaDa, bI. ela ane "saMgrahAlaya', "gujarAta eka paricaya", (saMpA. beDekara vI. eca. rAmalAla parIkha) bhAvanagara, 1961 zAstrI, ke. kA. prastAvanA', "gujarAtI hastapratanI saMkalita yAdI" amadAvAda, 1939 zAstrI, naMdana ha. bhAratanAM myujhiyama', amadAvAda, 1984

Page #554
zabdasUci akabara 420 akabara padamasI 416 "akilA' 8 akoTA 487, 496 akkala kUvA 187, 192 akSaya desAI 98 akhabAre sedAgara' 6. akhaMDa AnaMda' 10, 385, 4/4 akho 343, 381 agaravADA 76 agAsa 389, 458 ayuta paTavardhana 61, 72, 73, 82, 86 ajamera 301 ajaMTA 413, 416 ajitanAtha 458 aTagAma 293. aTalAdarA 373, 453 aTirA 3ra1, 324, aDAsa 75 aNe, ema. esa. 61, 6ra atisukhazaMkara trivedI 358 atula 288 atAnaMda 385, 389 anagaDha 382 anasArI 62 anasUyA 372 anasUyAbahena sArAbhAI 28-30, 98, 228-29 anasUyA sutariyA 442 anaMtarAya paTaNI 77, 100 anaMtarAya rAvaLa 338 aniruddhalAlajI 356 anugraha 10, 371 annapUrNA 424 abdula karImakhAM 4ra3 abdula bahA 398 abdula hakka 88 . abbAsa taiyabajI 3ra, 34, 4pa, pa6, 118, 128, 131 - abrAmAM 17 abrAhAma selemana ephalakara 307 abhayadAne 12 abhayAmAtA 372 abhedAnaMda 385 amadAvAda 16-19, 22-24, 28, 38-41, 43, 40-50, 60, 62-66, 70, 7-75, 83, 86-80,82,998,100,127, 134, 144,161-62,164-66, 168, 170, 173, 186, 188, 19091, 204, 206, 217, 222, 228-29, 235, 237, 244, 250, 259, 263-65, 267, 269, 271, 273,

Page #555
530 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 276-80, 282-20, 305-11, 313-19, 321-23, 329, 330, 332, 336, 339-41, 349, 357, 3pa8, 363-66, 371-74, 377, 379-86, 388-91, 383-400, 402, 405-14, 417-23, 4ra7, 429, 435, 440, 446, 451, 453, 455, 457, 465, 463, 484, 499, 500-02 amarasiMhajI 115 amarApara 117, 48 amarelI 4, 72, 78,90,81,96, 99, 100, 128, 132, 155, 163, 186-88, 255, 259, 260, 265, 273-74, 276, 277, 279, 282, 284, 291, 314, 378, 4pa3, 43, 487, 488, 499 amAna alIkhAM 4ra3 amInAbahena kurezI 60 amIragaDha 122, 165 amubhAI mahetA 228 amubhAI vI. dezI 422 amRta gautama 307 amRta jAnI 43ra, 437 amRtalAla Thakkara(ThakkarabApA)6,95, 121, 126, 13ra, 213, 217, 227, 2para, 279, 302, 306 amRtalAla dalapatabhAI zeTha 7, 22, 46, 66, 127, 131, 147, 181 amRtalAla nANAvaTI 59 amRtalAla suMdarajI paDhiyAra 11 amRtalAla haragovanadAsa 161, 162 aradezara DesAbhAI vADiyA 458 aradezara pharAmajI khabaradAra 10 aravallI 160 araviMda gheSa 25, 127, 336, 355, 386-87 araviMda jozI 441 araviMda Thakkara 441 araviMda pAThaka 44ra aruNa ThAkara 441 aruNacaMdra paMDayA 59 aruNA asaphaalI 72, 86 arjuna bhagata 37pa arjuna lAlA 60 arjuna hAsi 360 adhe kakumAra gAMgulI 414 alAhAbAda 80 alIrAjapura 154, 165 atekara, e. ema. 358 avanIMdranAtha TAgora 414 avinAza vyAsa karapa azoka mahetA 61, 64, 7ra, 82-85, 158 azvina modI 418 aSe jarathuSTra 460 asagaraalI gAMdhI 70 asaraphakhAna 473 ahamadaalI vorA 77 ahalyAbAI hALakare 454 aMkalezvara 26, 175, 192, 265, 280, 288, 291, 292 aMjAra 283,289, 396, 400 aMbAjI 369, 381

Page #556
zabdasUci 531 aMbAmAtA 424 aMbArAma mahArAja 38ra, aMbAlAla "cAMdabIbI 437 aMbAlAla jAnI 337 aMbAlAla purANuM 336 aMbAlAla vyAsa 76 aMbAlAla sArAbhAI zeTha 28 aMbAlAla suthAra 58 aMbikA 37ra aMbubhAI purANI 26, 311, 387 aMbelAla vazI 355 aMbelAla sAkaralAla desAI 23, 274, 305, 333 AgAkhAna 384. AgrA 301 AcArya tulasI 300 AcArya naredradeva 61, 63, 82, 83 AjI 2para, 256 "AjhAda patrikA' 76 "AjhAda hiMda' 74 ATakoTa 187 ANaMda 17, 18,57, 60, 62,85, 96, 161, 174, 244, 265, 276, 281, 285, 286, 288, 289, 305, 311, 323, 324- 25, 349, 385-87, 394, 395, 399, 400, 458, 463 ANaMdajI kalyANajI 393, 457 ANaMdapura-pAna 187 ANaMdapura-bhADalA 187 AtmAnaMda 391 AtmArAma bhaTTa 77, 135 AdityarAmajI vyAsa 419. AdinAtha 4pa7 Adipura 155 AI 103 AnaMdakumAra svAmI 414 AnaMda TahelarAmANuM 361 AnaMdaprasAdajI 373 AnaMdamayI mA 388 AnaMdazaMkara dhruva 305, 311, 334, 335, 337, 339, 343, 401 AnaMdasAgara sUrIzvara 383 ApArAva bhoLAnAtha 500 AbigAyela benjAmIna Ayaka bhenakara 497, 498 Abu 144, 154-55, 160 AbhArAma 376 abhila 372 AmaraNa reDa 112 AmarA 489 Amoda 17, 27, 175, 399 AzApurA 373 AzArAmajI 382 Asanasela 299, 301 AhavA 95, 453 AMkalAva 57, 389 AMtarasUbA 190, 191 AMbalA 109, 309 AMbaliyA-grAma 135 AMbaliyArA 104, 190 AMbeDakara 61, 211, 244, 396 IkabAla 90 IcchArAma sUryarAma desAI 7

Page #557
53 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI InkilAba 74 Imsana 345, 3para ImAmakhAna sarakhAna 355 ImAma sAheba 34 IsmAIla hirANa 89, 100 IdumatI desAI 350 IdumatIbahena zeTha 164 IdulAla yAjJika 5, 10, 19, 20, 30, 64, 67, 68, 84, 98, 101, 12, 227, 2para, 280, 306, 342, 478, 479 IdAra 271, 301 Idra bhajavaNI 360 Idravadana umiyAzaMkara vasAvaDA 359 ITavA-vihAra 489, 496 IDara 15,65,97, 123-25, 127, 137, 15ra, 259, 260, 290, 374, 389, 4pa8, 486 Irvina 43, 47, 383 Izvara caraNadAsajI 374 Izvara peTalIkara 15 Izvara sAgarA 418 IzvarabhAI gulAbabhAI 59 IzvarabhAI cheTubhAI desAI pa8, 70, 83, 85, 89, 156 IzvarabhAI je. paTela 60 IzvaralAla jha. paTela 58 IzvaralAla vImAvALA 44ra IzvaralAla ha. desAI 5 IsaNava 57 IsarANuM 47 IsaMDa 75, 78 ukAI ra0ra ukAlI 187 ucAda 15ra ucharaMgarAya Dhebara 65, 6, 78, 136, 146, 147, 150, 156, 164, 180, 182, 448 454 ujajaina 301 utkaMThezvara 458 uttamalAla trivedI 337 uttamAnaMdajI 383 uttarasaMDA 31 utsavambhAI parIkha 74 udavADA 97 udAsIbAvA 376 udepura 25, 301 unAI 37 unAvA ra71, 382 upaleTA 113, 155, 291, 394 upendra trivedI 441 upendrAcAryajI 384 umaragAma 154, 160, 163, 165, 187, 192, 265, 270, 292 umarasADI 270 umarALA 75, 188 umareTha 17, 174, 265, 37ra. 380, 394, 398 umAkAnta zAha 359, 489 umAbhAI kaDiyA 75 umAzaMkara jozI 11-13,74, 89, 99, 338, 341, 342, 346, 352-53, 356 umeTA 84

Page #558
zabdasaci ' 533 umedarAma nAyaka 59 umerajhara 248 uSA mahetA 78 UdhanA 265 UnA 248 "Urmi navaracanA 8, 344 UrmilA bhaTTa 442 UMjhA 78, 265, 271, 274, 276, 284 RSabhanAthajI 458 ekanAtha paragAMvakara 422 eNTalI 80 eNDalara 374 eNDavarDa 7 me 108 eNDavarDa 8mo 106, 188 eDavina pinTa esa. je. 399 eNnI besanTa 17, 130, 404, 480 eNnDarsana 33 eravada mAhiyAra navarojI 361 elAyajA kilekara 388 elekjhAnDara kinaloka phArbasa 363 eNlekajhAnDara DumA ra45 elerA 416 elphinsTana 358 eMgalsane meniphesTo 87 arola 64, 97 okhA 79, 106, 228, 250, 268-70, 27, 286, 288 okhAmaMDaLa 105, 147, 148, 260, 468 echavalAla zAha 447 ejhata 256 oTAvA 251 oDhava 382, 457 olapADa 175, 191-94, 457 kAranAtha ThAkura 160, 421,423 kArezvarI 350 aMjala 270 kakalabhAI koThArI 7, 9, 22, 83 karacha 62, 78, 95, 103, 110, 111, 136, 179, 186, 189, 1898, 199, 213, 218, 228, 246, 254, 255, 257, 259, 22, 263, 267, 268, 270, 271, 276, 277, 28183, 285, 288, 359, 360, 372, 375, 382, 39ra, 394, 395, 420, 421,453, 4pa7, 464, 466, 469-73, 494, 497 karacha-mitra 78 "kaccha-vartamAna" 7 kachalI 17 kaTaka 301 kaTAriyAtIrtha 457 kaThalAla 30, 372, 389 kaThINa 57 kaThora 128 kaDI 4, 107, 2para, 264, 275, 288-0ra katAragAma 97 kadaMbagiri 458 kanakhala 388 kaniSTha kezava 372 kanu desAI 417, 418 kanaiyAlAla desAI 59

Page #559
534 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI kanaiyAlAla munazI 12, 62, 64, 157, 160, 336, 338, 339, 343-44, 349, 3pa1-para, 358, 417, 440, 454 kanaiyAlAla yAdava 418 kanaiyAlAla vakIla 415 kapaDavaMja 174, 275, 286, 289, 372 kapilarAya mahetA 5 kapALa" 7 kabIra 37pa kamalakAMta lahANuM 440 kamala kevaLarAmANuM 361 kamaLAdevI caTTopAdhyAya 67, 85 kamaLAbAI karNATakI 437 karajaNa 275 karanALI 453 karamasada 75, 379, 380, 398 karazanadAsa mANeka 346, 355 karasanadAsa mULajI 222 karADI 44, 75, 98 karAMcI 266 karIma mahammada mAstara 395 karuNAzaMkara prabhujita pAThaka 357 karjhana 89, 304 karnala koTa 334 kalama kaDachI baDachI" 8. kalAkAMta 416 kalApI" 336, 381 kalA zAha 44ra kalela 57, 58, 75, 78, 107, 152, 192, 25, 264, 275, 283, 287, 280-82,382,435 kalyANajIbhAI mahetA 34. 40, 43 58, 323 kalyANajI viThThalabhAI 10 kavi mahArANazaMkara 130 kaviloka 10 kavi "sAgara" 350 kazaLacaMdabhAI 67 kasturabA 19, 38, 61, 75, 97, 112, 133 kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI 264, 269 kaMcanalAla khAMDavALA 22 kaMcanalAla mAmAvAlA 4ra3 kaDalA 25, 267-70, 273, 276, 454, 456 kaMtharapurA 15ra kAusensa 358 kAkarApAra upara kAkAsAheba kAlelakara 5, 19, 89, 336, 338, 340, 34ra, 402 kAkInADA 71, 96 kATakeLA 2para kAThiyAvADa TAImsa" 7, 22 kAnajI 78 kAnajI svAmI 388 kAnapura 86 kAnama 206, 271 kAnama vAkaLa 373 kAbila 361 kAmareja 192 kAmezvararAva 87 kAyAvarohaNa 380 kArla mArkasa 346, 347

Page #560
zabdasaci. 535 kAlAAMbA 165 kAlAvaDa 377 kAlikA 368, 372, 4ra4 kAlidAsa jhaverI 228 kAlIpaga 307 kAlela pa8, 75, 76, 174, 191, 259, 271, 279, 380 kAvI 270 "kAvya maMgalA" 12 kAzIpura 375 kAzIvizvanAtha 371 kAsamabhAI mIra 437, 438 kAMjamala kAsiya 361 kAMta" 336, 344 kAMtilAla amulakharAya mahetA 10 kAMtilAla upAdhyAya 355 kAMtilAla kApaDiyA 416 kAMtilAla paTela 464 kAMtilAla paMDyA 337 kAMtilAla maDiyA 441 kAMtilAla rAThoDa 418 kAMtilAla zAha 407 kAMtilAla saMghavI 440 kinArIvALA 418 kinDara gArTana 312 kizanacaMda khubacaMdANuM 361 kizanasiMha cAvaDA 355 kizoralAla mazarUvALA 336, 338 340, 402, 406 kisAna" 64 kisAna patrikA 84 kIkubhAI desAI 59, 330 kItha 354 kIrti sAgarasUrIzvara 392, 393 kuDAlakara, je. esa. 328 kutiyANa 117, 148, 155 kubeAlama 260 kuberadAsa 376 kuberanAtha tArakara 428 "kumAra" 10, 342, 417, 482 kumArappA, je. sI, 250 kumI dAlAsa 416 kuvAra 76 kusuma ThAkara 437 kuMkAvAva 187 kuMjabihArI 222 kuMDalA 77, 188 kuMbhakoNama 380 kuMbhAsaNa 137 kuMvarajIbhAI 34, 45, 59 phUpara-pradhAnamaMDaLa 63 kRpAlvAnaMdajI 380. kRSNakumArahiMcha 108, 108, 132, 130, 180 kRSNadAsajI 378 kRSNarAva teDulakara 449 kRSNalAla kAjI 44ra kRSNalAla desAI 30, 228 kRSNalAla bhaTTa 418 kRSNalAla mohanalAla jhaverI 106, (351, 358 kRSNavallabhAcArya zAstrI 357 kRSNazaMkara zAstrI 382 kRSNAnaMdajI 382, 384, 4pa7

Page #561
536 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ke. kA. zAstrI 13, 338, 351, 353 kaMDala 116, 133 ketakara 316 kedAranAtha 371, 403 kenyA mela 9 kevaDI 248 kezava mIra 437. kezava ha. zeTha 11 kezavaprasAda desAI 440 kezavalAla 418 kezavalAla kapAtara 437 kezavalAla Thakkara 77 kezavalAla dhruva 335, 337, 340, 343, 3pa0, 355 kezavalAla premacaMda 437 kezavalAla bulAkhIdAsa 501 kezavalAla (sarasvatI) 437 kezubhAI bhAvasAra 72, 78 kezoda 116, 117, 273 kailAsa paMDayA 88, 442 kailAsasAgara sUri 38ra kokilA" 13, 14 kocaraba 18, 74, 85, 406 kAcIna 8 , keTaDA-sAMgANI 104,187 keDiyu" 8, 10, 12, 482 keDInAra 188, 291 kemIseriyaTa 350 keyelI 286, 380 kerala 382, 4pa7 kalaka 270 kelhApura 299, 301 kesaMbA 291 kAkaNa 268 gresa patrikA' 10, 74. "kaumudI' 7, 344 kauzika 161 kripsa mIzana 70 kSatriya mitra' 7 kSitimohana sena 354 khaDakI 97 khaDApA (rAjasthAna) 374 khaDAla 191 "khabaradAra" 11, 337, 338, 344, 358 kharazedajI baherAmajI nANAvaTI 459 khalila jibrAna 355 khaMDerAva 396 khaMDelI pa7 khaMbhAta 104, 174, 191, 2para 267, 268, 270, 276, 279, 285, 287, 290, 291, 375, 376, 389, 30, 392, 384, 396, 399, 4pa3, 458, 501 khaMbhAlI 382 khaMbhALiyA 248 khaMbhoLaja 389 khAkhariyA TappA 15ra khAkharecI 138 khADiyA 323 khAnadeza 154, 160, 187, 192 khApaDe, jI. esa. 18, 19 khArAghoDA 46, 285 khAMDekara 355

Page #562
zabdasUci 537 khAMtipAle 397 * khirasarA 104 khImasAheba 375 khuzavadana ThAkora 359 khuzAlabhAI 34, 45 kheDabrahmA 283 kheDA 19, 20, 28, 30, 31, 43, 56, 57, 60, kara, 64, 66 75, 84, 85, 90, 95, 97 101, 144, 15, 164 165, 168, 174, 186, 190, 101, 228, 246, 247, 255, 2pa8, 271, 276, 278-82, 288, 291, 23, 284, 310, 314, 318, 341, 376, 382, 386, 394, kheDA vartamAna 6, 7 beDiyAra mAtA 37ra khoDIdAsa paramAra 418 kheDIdAsa ha. paTela 58 kheMgArajI 110, 276 kheMgArajI 3jA 198, 199 gaganavihArI mahetA 344 gajAnaMda nAyaka 95 gajezaMkara lAlazaMkara paMDayA 357 gaDhaDA 86, 148, 284, 373 453 gaDhavADA 260 gaNadevI 99, 192, 281, 287 gaNapatarAma 375 gaNeza bhAgavata 18 ga 488 garabADA 400 garuDezvara 381 galiyArA 343 gaMgA 255 gaMgArAma 376 gaMgArAma zukala 137 gaMgAzaMkara purANI 58 gaMgezvarAnaMdajI (prajJAcakSu) 358, 383, 384 gaMgotrI 11 gaMbhIrasiMha solaMkI 59 gAdhakaDAM 148 gAnA pa7 gAMDIva" 23 gAMdhIjI 4, 7, 11, 17,-23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 33, 37-39, 43,44,46, 47,58,60-63, 65, 68, 74, 70, 86, 87, 89 95-99, 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 120, 126, 130- 33, 146, 156, 202, 204208, 210, 214-17, 22230, 264, 266, 299, 305- 09, 311, 31 5, 332, 334- 336, 338, 34-4, 346- 49, 369, 401, 402-07, 430, 4pa3, 454, 456, 464, 479-81,52,503. gAMdhIdhAma 155, 263, 265, 276 282,400, 4pa3, 454, 456 gAMdhInagara 163, 166 gijubhAI badhekA 8,23, 306, 310, 312, 323, 319, 344, 366, 379 : gijubhAI vyAsa 443 gibsana 133

Page #563
138 giradhara 343 giradhararAma 378 giradharalAla keTaka 440 giradharalAla dIvAna 136 giradharalAla mahetA 301 giradharalAla zAha 58 giranAra 372 gi. va. AcArya 489 gItAdevI 383 gItA mAtA 456 'gujarAta' 23, 342, 482 'gujarAta darpaNa' 6-8 'gujarAta mitra'7, 8 'gujarAta zALApatra' cha gujarAta samAcAra' 8, 9, 22, 75, 481 'gujarAta saMzAdhana maMDaLa traimAsika' 482 'gujarAtI' 6, 7, 344, 479 'gujarAtI keLavaNI maMDaLa' 23 'gujarAtI paMca'6, 7, 9, 344 guNavaMtarAya AcArya 7, 352 guNavaMtarAya purAhitA 72, 75. 78, 99, 128 guNasAgara sUrIzvarajI 392 'guNasuMdarI' 482 guNAtItAnaMda 373 gupta prayAga 216 guruTe be svAmI 377 gurudatta 376 gurudayAsiMha 117 gurubakSisaMgha 148 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI guru nAnaka 396 'gurjara sabhA' 17 gulajhArIlAla naMdA 64, 65, 98 gulAbadAsa 376 gulAbadAsa breAkara 13 gulAbabhAI 59 gulAba mahaMmada zekha 451 gulAbarAya desAI 109 gulAmanabI 394 gulAma rasUla kurezI 70,100 gusara 97 guMdI 309 gAeTsa 488 geAkuladAsa talATI 41 gokulanAthajI 371 gAkuLadAsa kahAnadAsa pArekha 19, 30, 58 gAkuLadAsa kApaDiyA 316 geAkuladAsa rAyacUrA 11,422 geAdaDiyA svAmI' 382 geAdAvarI 234 gAdharA 17-19, 28, 57, 62, 76, 22, 90, 99, 174,191, 215, 263, 265, 271, 275, 279, 287, 289, 314, 373, 382, 394, gApa 252, 86 gopAlakRSNa 456 gApAlAnaMda 374 gApALa kRSNa gAkhale 18, 28, 310, 442 geApALajI bheAjarAja 437 geApALarAva vidrAMsa 355

Page #564
zabdasaci pa39 gopInAtha kavirAja 388 gopInAthajI 416 gomatIdAsa 378 goradhanadAsa cokhAvAlA 34 goradhanadAsa nA. mahetA 3 goradhanadAsa paTela 88 gore 82 govardhana tanavANuM 361 govardhana paMcAla 416 govardhanarAma 334, 335, 337, 339, 340, 3para govA 298 goviMdabhAI hA. desAI 4 geviMdarAvajI barahAnapurakara kara1 goviMdalAla 58 goLavelakara 81 goMDaLa 96, 103, 113, 146, 177, 178, 147, 231, 246, 248, 256, 258, 291, 310, 316, 351, 373, 378, 414, 435, 453. gautama buddha 405 gautama sArAbhAI 501 gauhara motI jAna 437 gauhATI 301 graMtha" 10 grAma lakSmI' 13, 14 grAma sahayoga 8 grAma svarAjaya" 10 jhiphisa 413 glaDasTana selemana 415 gvAliyara 421 ghanazyAmalAlAjI 4ra0 ghanazyAmasiMhajI 118 "gharazALA 8, 10 ghaMTIlA 112 dhiyA, kAMtilAla 41, 70 ghoghA 75, 173, 148, 270, 279, 291, 372, 47ra joDAsara 191 cakalAzI 17, 75 caturasiMha 375 caraka 343 carotara 98, 206,482 carcila 71, 78 calALA 378 caMcaLabahena mistrI paNa 134 * caMdaravAkara 34ra caMdu daru 443 caMdubhAI paMDayA 416 caMdubhAI maNilAla desAI 11, 34, 40, 41 caMdulAla paTela 351 caMdulAla zeTha 29 caMdrakAMta zaru 98 caMdraprabhA 41 caMdraprabhu svAmI 457 caMdravadana kApaDiyA 443 caMdravadana bhaTTa 64, 83, 85, 89, 440, 443 caMdravadana mahetA 13, 344, 35ra, 430, 439, 440, 442, 443 caMdravadana zukala 62, 88 caMdrazaMkara paMDyA 337, 338 caMdrazaMkara prANazaMkara zukala 21, 340

Page #565
540 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI caMdrazaMkara bhaTTa 75 caMdrazaMkara rAvaLa 418 caMdrazekharAnaMda 377 * caMdrasiMhajI 114 caMdrikA zAha 440 caMdrodaya 6 caMpakalAla nAyaka arara. caMpakalAla lAlabhAI mahetA 358 caMpaka lAlA 438 caMpAraNu 18, 20, 28, 30, 38, 322, 341 cAca 463 cAtunI pAnIkara 428 cAbuka 6 cArUpa tIrtha 4pa7 cAsa bakhAre 299, 301 cAMdanI" 10 cAMdarANI 137 cAMpazI nAgaDA 440 cikhodarA 17, 386 'citraleka 9. citrA bhaTTa 44 citrAla 381, 4pa7 cinubhAI beroneTa 141, 451 cinmayAnaMda 388 cimana kemika 437 cimana cakUDA 437 cimana mAravADI 437 cimanabhAI dAdubhAI desAI 70 cimanabhAI paTela 9 cimanalAla Arya 76 cimanalAla ca. AcArya 3 cimanalAla ThAkora 18 cimanalAla dalAla 44ra cimanalAla desAI 58 cimanalAla nagInadAsa 276 cimanalAla setalavADa 305, 310 cIkhalI 175, 192 cInubhAI paTavA 440 cInubhAI sojanA 44ra cunIbhAi 95, 96 cunIbhAI vedya 407 cunIlAla ghelAbhAI zAha 23, 35ra cunIlAla ma. desAI 3 cunIlAla maDiyA 15 cunIlAla vardhamAna zAha 14, 338 cUDI 104, 139, 187 cUnIlAla durgAdAsa' 437 cetana" 342 cemsapharDa 28, 38 caitanya 343 ceka-dAThA 104 ceTIlA 104, 187 coravADa 287 coryAsI tAlukA 34, 175, 19ra caurI caurA 31, 33, 40 chagana "remiyo" 437 chaganalAla jAdava 418 . chatrasAlasiMhajI 120 chabIladAsa mahetA 76 chUchAparA 106 chelabhAI ojhA 77 choTA udepura 9ra, 104, 106, 191 choTAlAla narabherAma bhaTTa 357

Page #566
zabdasaci 541 che TubhAI nAyaka 95 choTubhAI purANa 2pa-27, 28, ( 73, 75, 86, 99, 106, 128, 136 choTubhAI bhaTTa 387 jakhau 267, 270 jagajIvana kA. pAThaka 4 jagatiyA(koDInAra) 291 jagadaMbA 372 jagannAthajI 383 jagannAtha muralIdhara ahivAsI 415 jagamohana mistrI 18 jagarAvA 38ra jagAbhAI zeTha 28 jagubhAI parIkha 77 jagu pIThavA 416 jagubhAI zAha 418 jaTAzaMkara 437 jaTAzaMkara jozI 58 janaka dave 84 janakalyANa" 10 janamaTIpa" 15 janayuga' 8 janavijaya 8 janazakti" 9 janasattA' 9 jana saurASTra 8 janmabhUmi'8, 83, 127, 147, 481 jabalapura 41, 301 jamanAdAsa dvArakAdAsa 20 jamanAdAsa mahetA 63, 338 jamanAdAsa modI 85 jamazedajI UnavALA 386 jamazedajI tAtA 302 jamazedapura 299, 302 jamu saMpata 416 ja. mu. nANAvaTI 487 jayakara 33, 61 jayapura 299, 301 jayaprakAza nArAyaNa 61, 2, 2, 83, 86 jaya bhAratI" 11 jayarAmadAsa je. nAyagAMdhI 3, 35 jayavaMtasiMhajI 421 jayazaMkarabhAI bhojaka (suMdarI) 430, 432, 433, 437 jayazaMkara mAstara 443 : jayasvAla 354 jayahiMda- "jayaMta" 13, 14 jayaMtakumAra bhaTTa 440 jayaMta ThAkora 74 jayaMta parIkha 461, 18, 19 jayaMta relavANuM 361 jayaMta vyAsa 441 jayaMtI ThAkora 99 jayaMtI dalAla 88, 9, 98, 35ra, 441 jayaMtIbhAI pArekha 85 jayaMtI mAdhavANuM 302 jagaMtIlAla kaDakiyA 76 jayaMtIlAla cunIlAla maDiyA 13 jayAbahena zAha 77 jayendrarAva bhagavAnalAla dUrakALa 359

Page #567
54re AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI jalArAma bApA 378 jalAlapura 175, 192, 400 jalAluddInakhAna 122 jalAluddIna bukhArI 87 jaliyAvAlA bAga 11, 31, 39 javAna dila" 12 javAharalAla naheru 43, 62, 63, 69, 70, 82, 85,15, 149, 151, 157, 162, 348 jazu mahetA 75 jasadaNa 104 jasavaMta ThAkara 88, 9, 441, 442 jasavaMta mahetA 78 jasavaMta sutariyA 98 jasavaMtasiMhajI 119, 120 jahAMgIra vakIla 450. 460 aMge AjhAdI 77 jaMtrAla pa7 jaMbuvijaya mahArAja 392 jaMbusara 17, 106, 175, 192, 400 jabUra kara7 jAdavajIbhAI modI 77, 135 jAdhava, jI. ema. 502 jAnakIdAsajI 379 jApharAbAda 103, 145, 146, 188 268, 288 jAmakaMDoraNa 187 jAmane 440 jAmanagara 8, 92, 106, 110, 127, 138, 151, 163, 180, 186, 248, 255, 256, 258, 263-68, 271-73, 276, 277, 282, 284, 287-92, 35, 329, 375, 376, 394, 403, 414, 410, 440, 443, 463, 467, 468, 471, 472, 486, 488 jAmasAheba digvijayasiMhajI 13ra, 129, 146, 180, 454 jAme jamazeda 6 jAnavIbahena desAI 76 jALiyA-devANI 187. jiteMdra mahetA 85, 88, 440 jiteMdrasAgarajI 303 jinavijayajI 381 jIvaNajI jamazedajI modI 350 jIvaNajI mahArAja 375 jIvaNabhAI 45 jIvaNalAla cAMpAneriyA 83, 84, 99 jIvaNalAla dIvAna 307 jIvaNalAla pra. amIna 501 jIvana aDAlajA 418 jIvanarAmadAsa 378 jIvanalAla tri. parIkha 358 "jIvana zikSaNa 10 jIvarAja mahetA 107, 130, 153, 154, 164, 499 jIvarAma kA. zAstrI 4 jIvarAmabhAI 302 jugatarAma dave 34, 64, 95, 96 227, 310, 323, 323 juga 347 jUnAgaDha 6, 8, 90, 103, 116, 117, 138, 138, 14, 147, 151, 160, 13, 177, 180, 181, 186, 148, 148, 222, 255, 256, 258, 267, 264,

Page #568
zabdasUci 543 267, 275, 276, 279, 281, 282, 288, 290, 284, 314, 3ra9, 357, 371, 375, 378, 379, 396, 421, 435, 457, 463, 486, 484, 496, 501 jeThAlAla gAMdhI 56 jeTha balavANuM 361 jetapura 104, 155, 187, 189, 291, 378, 465 jetalasara 248 jerAma paTela 418 jesalamera 375 jainAbAda 187 joDiyA 248, 268 jodhapura 301, 374 jona abbAsa 400 jorAvaranagara 46, 119, 335 jorAvarasiMhajI 119, 381 jozI, ena. ela. 415 jozI, esa. ema. dara jozI, DI. pI. 443 josepha bAmane lakara 387 josepha selemana dAMDekara 388 jJAnasudhA" 336, 338 "jyoti" 9 ti bhaTTa 418, 451 jati vaidya 443 jyotIndra dave 14, 344, 440, 442 jayotsanAbahena zukala 230 jarja do 196, 188 jhagamaga 8 jhaghaDiyA 248 jhaveracaMda meghANI 7, 12-14, 22, 46, 47, 127, 336, 341-44 346, 422, 481 jhAkIra husena 97 jhAbuA 154, 160, 165 jhAyara 388 jhAra 191 jhAloda 84, 7, 174, 191, 287, 240 jhAMjhIbAra 68, 301 jhINubhAI AzAbhAI 58 jhInara, epha. I. 486 jhIMjhuvADA 104, 187 'TahukAra" 11 TaMkArI 270 'TAImsa oNpha inDiyA 35 TiLaka 17-19, 130 355 TIMbA 106 Teripha 248 TrasTIvAdI 88 ThAkaraprasAda paMDayA 83 ThAkorabhAI desAI 75 ThAkorabhAI zAha 86 ThAsarA 174, 259, 287, 389 DabakA 129, 291 DabhoI pa8, 92, 105, 106, 128, 275, 287, 380, 471 DAkora 75, 174, 287, 373, 382 DAhyAbhAI derAsarI 351, 354 DAhyAbhAI paTela 302 DAhyAbhAI nAyaka 60, 76 DAhyAbhAI jokhaMDavALA 76

Page #569
544 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI DAMga 95, 104, 154, 160, 163, 165, 175, 186, 255, 256, 281, 282,294, 428, 453 DAMDiyo' 6 DisakaLakara 488 DIsA 25, 265, 273, 397 DuMgarapura 154, 16 0, 164, 165 Derala 76, 291 Dese 122 DolararAya mAMkaDa 338, 358 DAMgare mahArAja 382 DhasA 40, 130, 131, 213 DhAkA 388 Dholaka 8 DholA-mAru 468 taNakhalA 106 'taNakhA' 74 tanasukha bhaTTa 12 taraNetara 4ra6 taravaDA 96 'taruNa ? taleDA 187 taLAjA 248, 264, 457 taLoda 192 tAjapura 454 tApI 234, 256, 291 tArApura 394 tArAbahena 312 tAle mahamadakhAna 12 tikamadAsajI 382 tIthala 44. tuphAna raphAI 416 turIyAnaMda 385 tulajA 37ra tulasIdAsa kilAcaMda 159, 275 tulasIdAsa tarejA 361 tulasIbhAI paTela 78 tUNa 267 taiyaba mahetA 416 trAja pa7 trAvaNakora 417 trikama "kumuda 437 triguNAtItAnaMda 385 tripurA 68 tribhuvana gaurIzaMkara vyAsa 11 trilekacaMdra 458 tharA 104, 188 tharAda 104 189 thANu 187, 192 thANu-devaLI 104 thAna 104, 287, 474 thiyesephikala sosAyaTI 130 yUthI 488 thuMbALA 188 dakSiNAmUrti 23, 12, 135, 247, kara1, 482 dakhamu 460 dakhaNa 168 datta, Ara. sI. 105 dattAtreya 376 damaNa 155-56, 255. 388 damayaMtI jozI 428 dayAnaMda sarasvatI 333, 385, 403 405

Page #570
zabdasUci 'dayArAma sAhitya sabhA' 105 dayAzaMkara bhaTTa 41 dayALajIbhAI 40 darabAra gApALadAsa 32, 34, 40, 56, 70, 128, 13032, 153, 213, 312 dalapatarAma 11, 345, 500 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 355 dazaratha paTela 418 dasakrAI 56, 136, 190 dasADA 104, 187 dahegAma 190 daheja 270 dAjIrAjajI 386 dAdarAnagarahavelI 155 dAdA dhUnIvAlA 377 dAdA bhagavAna 382 dAdAbhAI navAjI 17, 460 dAdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara 18, 30, 70 dAdujIbhAI mIra 437 dAra kamizana 157 dAvara 353 dAheAda 17, 57, 58, 62, 7, 84-86, 90, 97, 174, 191, 244, 265, 271, 291, 394, 400 dAMDiyA' 23 dAMDI 44, 95 dAMDIkUca 481, 503 dAMDIyAtrA' 12 35 dAMDekara 146 dAMtavALA 84 dAMtA 104, 189, 260 digaMbara paluskara 446 digendranagara 289 digvijayasiMha 110, 120, 134 dinakara mahetA 64, 83-85, 27, 89, 95, 97, 98 dinakararAya desAI 145, 164 dinakararAva desAI 64 dineza zAha 416 diyAdara 189 diyeAdaraDA 97 'divyacakSu' 13 divyA badhekA 100 dInabaMdhu enDrujha 446 dInabAI lAlakAkA 460 545 - dInA gAMdhI (dInA pAThaka) 89, 441 dIlakhuza divAnajI 9pa dIva 155, 399 durgApura 301 durgAbahena 38 durgAbAI dezamukha 322 durgArAma mahetA 336 durgAzaMkara ke. zAstro 338, 353 durgeza zukala 13 durlabhajI khetANI 147 dulA bhAyA kAga 359, 378, 422 dulerAya lAkhAbhAI kArANI 360 dUdAbhAI vaNukara 205

Page #571
546 dudhareja 379 thANu 375 dedANu 188 delavADA 154 devakRSNAna 67 382 devagaDha-bAriyA 97, 152, 260, 275, 227 devacaMdabhAI pArekha 109 devacaMdra mahetA 376 devadatta bhAMDArakara 354 devayAnI desAI 441 devalAlI 389 devIdAsa 375 devIprasAdarAya 418 devendra desAI 77 devendraprasAdajI 372 dezabaMdhudAsa 40 dezImitra' ', 8 desAI, esa. vI. 161 dAlatarAya desAI 109 dAlatasiMhajI 114, 120 dAlatasiMhajI (IDara) 123 : dvArakA 92, 106, 268, 275, 286, 396 dvArakezalAlajI 420 rik 13, 344, 352 dhanajIbhAI phakIrabhAI 243 dhanajIzAha elajI akalesariyA 459 dhanabAda 299, 301 dhanava ta ojhA 89 dhanazaMkara tripAThI 339 dhanasukhalAla mahetA 14, 352, AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 440, 443 dhanajaya ThAkara 450 dhanIdAsajI 376 dharamapura 95, 104, 152, 165, 175, 192, 421, 498 dharAsaNA 44-46 dharmadAsajI 376 dhalAka' Ta dharma saMdeza'9 dharmAnaMda kAsakhI 340, 354 dhamendrasiMhajI 115, 133, 314, 385 dhaMdhukA 46, 47, 56, 173, 190, 248, 249,252,266, 269, 279, 453 dhArAsaNI 6, 285 dhArI 78 dhiSNeAdhara 372 dhIru gAMdhI 418 dhIrubhAI 73 dhuvAraNa 454 'dhUmaketu' 344, 345, 352, 379 dhULiyA 192, 271 dhArAjI 113, 155, 263, 291, 394, 463 dhAlerA 5, 22, 46, 270 dhALakA 56, 173, 190 284, 377 dheALA 75, 109 dhrAMDA kezava karve 355 dhrAphA 103, 187

Page #572
zabdasUci 547 dhrAMgadhrA 5, 6, 103, 118 131, 132, 138, 146, 178, 147, ra72, 273, 276, 285, 287 nakavI 148 nagare TIMbe (prabhAsa pATaNa) 489, 500 nagInadAsa pArekha 59, 340, 355 naTavaralAla Thakkara 302 naTavaralAla parIkha 4rara naTavaralAla paMDita 78 naTavaralAla mAlavIya (vImAvALA) 356 naTavaralAla mAstara 76 naTavaralAla mALavI 44 neTavaralAla rAvaLa 78 naTavarasiMhajI 120, 121, 275 naDiyAda 16, 17, 18, 24, 27, 31, 30, 47-50, 75, 88, 96, 8, 161, 12, 170, 174, 215, 264, 265, 275, 276, 283-90, 308, 308, 311, 313-14, 3ra1, 3ra4, 356, 357, 372, 375, 379, 380, 382, 385-87, 399, 440, 443, 454, 457 nathurAma zarmA 234, 336. nathurAma zukala 4 narabherAma pipaTa 86 narasaMDA 382, 386 narasiMhabhAI I. paTela 16, 359 narasiMharAva diveTiyA 335-37, - 340, 343, 354-58, 478 narahari parIkha 38, 4pa,64, 227, 3ra3, 340, 356 narahariprasAda 138 narahari rAvaLa 75 narahari zAstrI 382 naredra trivedI 441 nareMdra nathavANa 147 nareMdraprasAdajI 373 nareMdrasiMha mahIDA 366 nareDA 380 narmada 10, 222, 338, 365 narmadA 234 narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mahetA 334, (337, 343, 345, 353 359, 401 nalinI 89 nalinI mahetA 99 navacetana 10, 342, 482 'navajIvana' 6, 7, 20, 21, 86, 224, 332, 338 340, 342, 344 navajIvana ane satya' 17, 20 navanItarAya khAroDa 56 navanItalAla mahetA 76 navarojI pestanajI vakIla 395, 4pa9 navalakhI 112, 248, 247-70, 273 navalabhAI zAha 341 navalarAma trivedI 346 navalarAma paMDayA 334 nava saurASTra 7, 23, 75

Page #573
548 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI navasArI 4, 85, 2, 6, 107, 108, 128, 237, 25, 264, - 275, 283, 287, 289-90, 443 navAgaDha 117, 148 navAgAma 291 navAnagara (jAmanagara) 103, 146, 151, 178, 147, 148, 264 navApura (khAnadeza) 187 navInabhAI zAha 450 naLiyA 360 naMdakizorajI 382 naMdakuMvarabA 113 naMdarabAra 165, 187, 192 naMdalAla jozI 74, 75 naMdalAla bejha 414. naMdalAla beDIvAlA 9, 22 nAgajIbhAI AcArya 211 nAgaradAsa arajaNadAsa 421 nAjukalAla cokasI 26 nAthIbAI dharamazI ThAkarazI 32, 325 nAnajI kALidAsa 121, 299, 301, 386 nAnazA ThAkAra 60 nAnAlAla 11, 213, 335-37, 413, 344, 347, 356, 359 nAnI pATIla 72 nAnIbahena jhaverI 60, 70 nAnubhAI paTela 387 nAyakA 281 nAra 457 nAraNa 78 nAraNabhAI mAdhAbhAI bhakta 59 nArAyaNadAsa parasottamadAsa 275 nArAyaNabApu 382 nArAyaNabhAI paTela 74 nArAyaNa morezvara khare 4ra0-22, 446-47, 449 nArAyaNarAva raMganAtha zeThajI vakIla 398 nArAyaNa rAjagora 441 nArAyaNa visanajI Thakkara 339 nArAyaNa svarUpadAsa 373 nAzaMkara bhaTTa 60 nArezvara 377, 4pa7 nAvalI 372, 386 nAsika 154, 161, 299 nAMdoda 382 nijAnaMda 376 nityAnaMdajI 382, 385, 4pa7 niramAlI 191 niraMjana 359 nirAMta 375 "niruttamA" 12 nirguNadAsajI 374 nirbhaya ThAkora 440 nirmaLa kRpALu hari 382 nirmaLA suMdarIdevI 388 nIru desAI 60, 12, 70, 83, 85, 86, 88, 9899, 441 nIlakaMTha 381 nIlama bUca 146, 148 nIlAMjanA mahetA 441 ,

Page #574
zabdasaci 'nUtana saurASTra' 8 nUra zAhI 395 netraraMga 248 neminAtha 458 'nezanala phranTa' 64 naimiSAraNya 388 nAkhata' 8 northa bruka 480 nyAyavijayajI 382 nRsiMhaprasAda uphe nAnAbhAI 23, 46, 77, 135, 14, 306, 31011, 319, 323, 366, 379 nRsi'hu sarasvatI 376 nRsiMhAcAryajI 334, 336 'pagadaDI' 8 paTanA 299, 301 paTTAbhI, sItArAmaiyA 68, 157 paDakAra' 99 paDadharI 187 pathika' 10 'panaghaTa'12 punAlAla bAjI 458 punA mAdI 441 pannAlAla jhaverI 60, 70 pannAlAla paTela 13, 15 pannAlAla maDiyA 13 paraba' 10, 484 paramAnaMda svAmI 382 paramAra, ema. jI. 211 paramA'8 parIkSitalAla majamUdAra 41, 60, 62 95, 213 parIkha, je. TI. 357 parla hArbara 70, 71 palasANA 129, 192 paMcamajyA. 195 549 paMjAba 68, 466-67 paDALI 386 pAgala paramAnaMda 382 pAgAMrakara, DI. jI. 64, 68, 25, 95, 97 pATaDI 46, 104, 187, 382 pATaNa 78, 136, 275-76, 284 287, 280, 311, 314, 321, 324, 371, 392, 394, 457- 58, 465 pATIla, esa. ke. 159 pAdarA 376, 380-81 pAnasara 457 pAceAniyara'35 pAraDI 165, 192, 289 'pArasI paMca' huM pArzvanAtha 457-18 pAlaja 57 pAlanapura 96, 97, 103, 104, 121-22, 137, 153, 179, 189, 246, 259-60, 269, 276, 222, 390-91 pAlItANA 65, 103, 123, 139, 14,188,263, 276, 390, 393, 396, 421, 434, 458 pAvAgaDha 259 pALiyAda 104, 378 pAMDu-mevAsa 191 pAMDuraMga vaNIkara 76

Page #575
papa0 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI pAMDuraMga viThThala vaLAme 377 pAMDuraMga zAstrI aThavALe 384 pAMDurAva ThAkara 60 pitRtarpaNa" 11 pinAkina ThAkora 441 pipaLAva 56 piyAsI) 13 pirAja sAgarA 4:8, 4pa1 piMgaLazI gaDhavI 422 pI. kharasANI 441 pITara alvArIsa 86 pIpAvAva 4pa3 pIrajAdA 395 puNe 298, 301, 486, 488 puNyavijayajI 39ra punAdrA 191 "punita mahArAja' 381 pu. e. paMDayA 487, 488 'purAtattva 10, 482 puruSottama ThAkoradAsa 275 puruSottamadAsa 160 puruSottama bhagata 382 puruSottamabhAI gAMdhI 4rara puruSottamalAlajI 117 puruSottama zAstrI 383 puSkarabhAI caMdaravAkara 13, 501 puSpAbahena mahetA 147 pUjAlAla 336, 387 pUnamacaMda 161 pUnamacaMdrajI 392 pUna 227, 256, 316, 398 pUrabAI 302 pUrNimA 14 pUrNimA pakavAsA 60 peTalAda 56, 108, 191, 2para, 265, 275-76, 308, 310, 312, 314, 317, 373, 38ra, 389, 394, 395, 399, 458 9 peTalIkara 13, 336, 342, 3para pethApura 290 pethika-lerensa 80 pezatanacha kharazedajI modI 396 pistanajI vakIla 460 picama pallI 407 pipaTalAla la. cuDagara 4 piribaMdara 28, 103, 120-21, 127, 13, 146-47, 177, 189, 248, 263-64, 267- 68, 270, 272-75, 279, 286, 28, 291, 301, 319, 372, 386, 403, 415, 4ra0, 435, 43, 468, 471, 484 piLa 137 piDicerI 36,387 prakAzAnaMdajI 382 prakAzikA" 10 prajAbaMdhu' 6-8,22, 344, 481 prajAmata" 7 prajAmitra 6 praNavarAmajI 382 praNavAnaMdajI 380, 389 praNAmI dharmapatrikA' 7 "pratApa 8, 23 pratApa ojhA 441 pratApanagara 97 .

Page #576
zabdasaci 551 pratAparAya mahetA 489 pratApasiMhajI 132 pratApasiMharAva 107, 108, 128- 30, 153-54 pratimA TAgora 466 pratIkSA jhaverI 448 : pradyumna tannA 4ra6 pradyumnasiMhajI 115 praphullacaMdra rAya 354 praphullA paTela 428 prabuddha jIvana" 10 prabhAta devajI 421 "prabhAta' dainika 8,23, 75 prabhAbahena pAThaka 44ra prabhAvatI aMbAlAla 70 prabhAzaMkara paTTaNI 108, 13ra, 135 prabhAzaMkara "raNa" 437 prabhAzaMkara somapurA 454 prabhAsa pATaNa 90, 150, 454, 489, 500 prabhudAsa paTavArI pada prabhudAsa bhutA 60 prabhubhAI vi. mahetA 58 prabhulAla trivedI 43ra prabhulAla dvivedI 430 pramukha svAmI 373-74 pramodakumAra ceTarajI 418 pramoda desAI 84 pramodAbahena gosaLiyA 70 pravINa jozI 441 prasthAna 10, 342, 344 prahalAdarAya vakIla 77 prahalAdasiMhajI 123 prAgajI DosA 432, 440-41 prANajIvana pAThaka 344-45, 356 prANanAtha 376 prANalAla devakaraNa nAnajI 275 prANalAla zAha 422 prANalAla zeTha 276 prANasukha "eDIla 437 prANasukha nAyaka (tetara) 437 44ra prAMtIja 173, 190, 289, 374 priyaMvadA' 6, 7 prItama 343 preTa 10 premacaMdajI 355 premAnaMda 347, 357, 364 phajhalaalI 157 phatucha mIra 437 phatehasiMhajI 134, 396 phatehasiMharAva 107 phargyusana 125, 497 phAdhara vilAlekhyA 389 phArbasa 500 phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA gaumAsika 10, 344, 482 phile zirAjhanI 89 phIrojhazAha mahetA 460 phUlacaMda taMboLI 60 kulacaMda bApujI 60 phUlacaMdabhAI zAha 34, 46, 78, 131-32 phUlachAba" -9, 22, 127, 481 "phUlavADI' 8

Page #577
papara siMhajI DAbhI 56, 60 phebiyana 83 phaijapura 85 phaijhI, e. a. e. 328 phaiyAjhakhAna 42 0 phrAnsisa jheviyara 400 phrAIDa 347 bakula vakIla 397 khakhale 67, 84 bagadANA 382 bajANA 104, 139, 187 bacubhAI 135 bacubhAI dhruva 2 bacubhAI vakIla 228 baTukanAtha 26, 59 baTubhAI umaravADiyA 344-45 352 baDaudA' 199 badaruddIna 394 balapura 43 banAsa nadI 189 banesiMha kepTana 147 babaladAsa bhAjaka 437 babalabhAI mahetA 60, 95, 407 babhruprasAda kacarAlAla 438 baravALA 46 baTrAnDa rasela 56 'marmA--vamAna' baladevajI 383 baladevadAsa pramAzakara 437 balavaMta bhaTTa 451 ballubhAI ThAkAra 377 baLava tarAya ka. ThAkAra 12, 60, AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI 335, 337, 343, 345, 347, 351, 356, 446 baLavaMtarAya bhaTTa 423 baLavaMtarAya mahetA 46, 5, 66, 70, 77, 109, 126, 14647, 144 bahAullAha 398 bahAdurasaMhajI 123 bahucarAjI 369 bahemana kheDDI 398 baku lAlA 443 krima bhAjI 17 baMdhu samAja' 339 baMsIlAla varmA 418 bATika 466 bApubhAI majamUdAra 222 bApulAla nAyaka 433, 447 bApusAheba gAyakavADa 375 bAbarA 103, 187 bAbariyAvADa 117, 147, 151 bAbA sAheba khera (khI. jI. khera) 64, 145, 160, 309, 397 bAjI paTela 44ra bAbubhAI ojhA 431 bAbubhAI gAMdhI 76 bAbubhAI jazabhAI paTela 70, 12, 164 bAbubhAI manTa 440 bAjIbhAI zAha 77 bAburAva phyusalakara 26 bAbulAla dozI 299, 302 bAbulAla mAraLiyA bAyaDa 190

Page #578
zabdasUci 553 bAyaphaLa 378 bAraDolI 5, 10, 33, 36, 37, 40, 45, 46, 50, 61, 62, 66, 67, 85, 26, 7, 128, 175, 19ra, 24, 2pa9,281, 291, 308, 341, 463 bAriyA 104, 191 bArIke 25 bArejaDI 28 bAraiyA 32, 62 bArTana 497 bAlakRSNa paTela 418-19 bAlakRSNa paMDita 385 bAlakRSNa bhAIlAla bhaTTa 381 bAlakRSNa menana 384 bAlakRSNalAlajI 371 bAlakRSNa zukala 60, 100 bAlamitra' 313 bAlayogIjI mahArAja 380 bAlA 372 bAlAcaDI 463 bAlAzaMkara ullAsarAma kaMthAriyA bIjApura 357 bIralA 321 bIlakhA 104, 189, 379, 4pa7 bIlImorA 98, 106, 207. 237, 248, 252, 265, 267, 269 70, 275, 287, 291 budhAlAla zAha 78. buddhanAM cakSu 12 buddhi prakAza 68, 339, 343, 364 buddhisAgarasUri 357, 391 bulaMdagAna 12 becaradAsa dezI 340 beTa 488 beTa dvArakA 372 beDI baMdara 267-70, 273 benIgala narasiMharAva 146 benjha, ena. esa. 418, 451 baeNrisTara jIvaNalAla 18 belUramaTha 385 beMglara 301 bocAsaNa pa6,57, 62, 85, 373, 389 boTAda 26, 108, 248, 265 boTAdakara 337 beDelI 106 ' e kenikala' 20, 21, 137, 415 boraDiyA 76 borasada 5, 19, 31, 42-44,56, pa7, 60, 2, 6, 85, 88 95, 128, 174, 246, 259, 373, 389 borasI 260 361 bAlAsinora 287 bAvaLA 265, 81, 89 bAvIsI 260 bAsIla paramAra 400 bAMTavA 147-48, 151, 155, 180, 188 bAMTavA (baDA majima) 188 bAMTavA (choTA majima) 188 biMdu mAdhava teMDulakara 449 .

Page #579
554 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI borDana 328-29 brahmANI 252, 256 . brahmAnaMda 385 brAvela kUka 244 buma philDa 36 breborna 397 bhaktilakSmI desAI 35, 40 bhagatasiMhajI 178 bhagavatasiMhajI 113-14, 351 bhagavadAcAryajI 357 bhagavA 270 bhagavAnadAsa 302, 437 bhagavadgomaMDala" 113, 177, 341 bhagavAna mahArAja 381 bhagavAnalAla gAMdhI 440 bhagavAnalAla le. mAkaDa 368 bhagubhAI phatecaMda kArabhArI 22 bhaNata, Ara. jI. 400 bhadanta mahAsthavira saMgharakSita 397 bhadrakAlI 373 bhadrA desAI 416 bharata vyAsa kara3 bharuca 17, 18, 26, 59, 66, [73, 75, 90, 96, 99, 138, 144, 15, 164-65, 170, 175, 186, 191-92, 220, 235, 237, 244255-56, 259, 263-65, 270-71, 275-76, 280-81, 287, 289-90, 310, 314, 316, 3ra1, 375, 383, 396, 399, 428, 443, 458 bhartuhari 355 bhavAnI 372 bhavAnIzaMkara mahetA pada bhAIlAlabhAI paTela 76, 170,488 bhAIlAla zAha 422 bhAIzaMkara vidyArAma 4 bhAgA taLAva 488 bhANadAsa 375 bhAdara 242, 56 bhAdaraNa 75, 12, 181, 382, 389 bhAnubhAI Arya 443 bhAnu zAha 418 bhAnuM smArTa 415 bhAbhara 188 'bhAratane TaMkAra' 10 bhAratI zeTha 441 bhAradvAja 87 bhAvanagara 5, 8, 16,23, 46,65, 66, 72, 77, 84-90, 92, 96, 98-100, 103, 100, 125, 127, 130, 132, 135, 146, 151, 143, 177, 180, 186, 188, 231, 243, 247- 51, 255-58, 263-65, 267, 269, 270, 272, 275, 77, 279,281-85, 287-92, 308, 310-12, 314, 316, 318, 322-23, 329, 366, 375, 386, 307, 404, 414, 418, 420, 42,440, 443, 463, 472, 486, 4-6, 501, 503

Page #580
zabdasUci 555 bhAvanagara samAcAra 8 : bhAvasiMhajI 418 bhASA-vimarza 10 bhAskararAva vidvAMsa 356 bhAMDArakara 353 bhikSu akhaMDAnaMda 343, 354 bhIkhubhAI AcArya 518 "bhImajIbhAI 13 bhImasiMha vecAtabhAI paramAra 76 bhIlaDI rANuM 269 bhUja 111, 263, 265, 273, 276, 289, 372, 387, 494, bhUpata 109, 181, 261 bhUpata lADavA 418 bhUpena khakhara 4pa1 bhUpedra kAriyA 416 "bhUmi 8 bhUmiputra' 8, 407 bhUlAbhAI desAI 55, 62, 80 bhesANa 117, 280 IkA 104, 187 bhogAvo 120, 256 bhogIlAla gAMdhI 5, 89, 340, 356, 407 bhogIlAla "mAlatI' 437 bhegIlAla sAMDesarA 338, 350 353 bhogIMdarAva diveTiyA 339 bhojarAjajI 114 bhoLAnAtha diveTiyA 336 bhoLAnAtha sArAbhAI 376, 402 makanajI solA 73, 75 magadallA 269-70 maganabhAI desAI pa6, maganabhAI paTela 64, 88 maganabhAI meghajIbhAI kAraDiyA pada maganalAla zarmA 417 maganalAla zAmacaMda nAyaka 437 macchu 2para, 256 macchukI 256 majUra mahAjana' 28, 98 majUmadAra, e. ke. 359 maTavADa 75, 7, 99 maTubhAI kAMTAvALA 338, 343 maDiyA 342, 35ra maDhI dara 85 maNibhAI jazabhAI dIvAne 366 maNibhAI trivedI 66, 96 maNibhAI parIkha 387 maNilAla ke ThArI 24, 46, 126, 131 maNilAla dvivedI 334, 337, 366 maNilAla paTela 35, 38, 133 maNilAla pArekha 243, 400 maNizaMkara kIkANuM 7 maNizaMkara bhaTTa 243 mathuradAsa gAMdhI 137 madanasiMhajI 111, 198-99 madrAsa 301 madhukara rAMderiyA 440, 443 madhurIbahena khare 448 madhusUdana DhAMkI 488-89 madhusudana modI 338 madhusUdana hI. pArekha 3 manare 258

Page #581
55 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI manasukhadAna 374 manasukhabhAI 131 manaHsukharAma tripAThI 363 manubhAI caMderiyA 302 manubhAI naMdazaMkara 105 manubhAI paMcoLI 'darzaka' 14, 60, 77, 310, 341-42, 3para manubhAI bakSI 60 manubhAI mAdhavANa 302 manubhAI mo. paTela 70 manuvaryajI 382 manuM vyAsa 416 manuM sUbedAra 416 mayuradhvajasiMha 118 ma. 2. UnavAlA 361 marolI 97, 270 malabAra 268 'malabAra samAcAra" 9 malAva 380, 457 malekapurA 59 mallikA sArAbhAI 448 malhArarAva 480 mahamadabhAI zekha 113 mahamUda begaDa 259 mahamUda zAha 260 mahamadakhAM pharIdA desAI 44ra maharSi karve 311, 315 mahAkAlezvara 371 mahatyamarAma 375-76 mahAdevabhAI desAI 4, 2La, 30, 33, 38, 46, 75, 122, 325, 340, 356 mahAdeva rAmacaMdra jAguSTa 355 mahAbatakhAna 3 jA 116, 180 mahArANI cimanAbAI 230 mahAvIra svAmI 457-58 mahI nadI 43, 256 mahIpatarAma nIlakaMTha 402 mahuDI 393, 4pa7 mahudhA 174 mahuvA 102, 248, 263, 265, 268, 270, 229, 382 mahegAma 488 mahera alI 85 mahesANA 92, 128, 136, 161, 164-65, 186, 218, 255, 257, 259, 265, 271, 275, 77, 279, 282, 28-89, 291,294, 318, 4pa3 mahemadAvAda 37,56, 158, 174, 372, 387, 384, 398 maheMdra pAThaka 441 maMgalasiMhajI 418 maMjulAla majamUdAra 338, 359, 488 maMjUsara 382 mAuM, bI. ema. 400 mAunTabeTana 80, 148 mADAgAskara 301 mANapura 189 mANasA 5, 64, 5, 7, 104, 127, 136 259 "mANasAInA dIvA' 13 mANAvadara 104, 117, 174, 150- 51, 155, 180, 189, 276 mANekabahena 77 mANekarAva 106 mANekalAla gAMdhI 58, 60, 70, 76

Page #582
zabdasaci 557 mANekalAla cu. gAMdhI 70 mANekalAla ma. gAMdhI 70 mANekalAla zAha 57 mAtara 27, 60, 2, 64, 84, 85, 97, 174, 259, 293 "mAtRvANI 8 mAdalapura 275 madAma bhIkhAjI kAmA 16 madAma oNrakI 333 mAdhavatIrthajI 382 mAdhavadAnajI bhI. kavi 4 mAdhavadAsajI 382 mAdhavarAva, TI, 105 mAdhavalAla zAha 60 mAdhavAnaMdajI 385 mAdha svarUpa vatsa 120, 489 "mAnavInI bhavAI' 15 mAnaveMdra roya 87 "mAnasI" 7 mAmA sAheba phaDake 60, 6ra, 95, 215 rapara mAyArAmadAsajI 378 mAravADa 377 mAriyA jhAviyara 400 mArUtisiMha ThAkora 56, 57, 60, 76 mAkaDa bhaTTa 418, 442 mArkasa lenina 82 mAlapura 104, 190, 260 mAlaviyAjI 56, 61 mAlasara 83, 382 mAlinI karkala 235 mAsara 106 mAsTara geradhana 437 mAsTara dalita 437 mAsTara mehana 437 mAsTara vasaMta 437 mALiyA 104, 187 mALiyA (miyANuM) 138 mAMgaroLa 61, 85, 88, 95, 7, 117, 128, 151, 155, 180, 189, 192, 268, 289, 371, 421 mAMDala 4pa7 mAMDava upara mAMDavI 62, 85, 88, 95, 98, 175, 227,25, 270, 289, 394 mitra, bI. ela. 105, 153 milApa' 484 misa sleDa (mIrAMbahena) 112 mIThApura 273, 275, 285 mIThubahena piTITa 35, 37, 45, 97 277 mInaLa mahetA 441 mInuM masANI 82, 83, 85 mIrajhA alI muhammada 389 mIra kheDI 64, 84, 97, 463 mukuMdalAla desAI 60 muktajIvanadAsajI 374 muktAbahena vaidya 4rara mukhatyAra 283 mugaTarAma 382 muni kumAra bhaTTa 344 muni jinavijyajI 338, 340 munnIbAI 437 mumabaI zamazera' 6

Page #583
558 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI murAda alI bega 386 murArilAlajI vyAsa 360 murtajhAkhAna 122 muMbaI samAsara' 6 mULacaMda (mAmA) 437 mULajI khuzAla 437. mULajIbhAI ojhA 437-38 mULajIbhAI mAdhavANa 302 mULadAsa mohanadAsa nimAvata 350 mULarAja kApaDiyA 440 mULazaMkara mANekalAla yAjJika 357 mULI 104, 138, 187 mRNAlinI sArAbhAI 4ra8, 448 mRdulAbahena 231 muMdrA 267, 270 maikalagana 278 maeNkavela 36 meghajIbhAI mAdhavANa 302 meDAra 58 merAu 392 mevAsa 191 mevAsI pradeza 138, 152,246 minalAla AhujA 361 moTI kerala 381 meTI pAnelI 113 moTerA 382, 457 moDAsA 173, 191, 289-01, 408 moDha mahodaya 8 matIbAI 417. motIbhAI amIna 88, 101, 105 307, 310, 312, 329, 330 metIrAma 44ra tIrAmadAsajI 378 motIlAla cokasI 58 motIlAla darajI 28 motIlAla naheru 156-57 menTitha 116 meMgyu 19, 38 maeNnTesorI 23, 312 mora 97 morabI 103, 112, 132, 146, 189, 247-48, 263, 267, 68, 272, 279, 286-89, 291, 321, 356, 357, 382, 385, 389, 435, 454-55, 474 mAravA 400 morArajIbhAI desAI 45, 54, 64, 70, 145, 161-62 merArajI saMpata 416 marisa DrAyara 133 malAI abdullAsAheba 458 mohanapura 104, 15ra, 190 mohana mAravADI 437 mehanalAla Thakkara 441 mohanalAla paMDyA 28, 30-32, 34 41 mohanalAla bhaTTa 60 mohanalAla mahetA 46 mohanalAla solaMkI 397 mehanalAlA 437 mohinI bakSI 416 naulavI gulAma nabI 458

Page #584
zabdasUci 559 maulAbakSa 418 yajJapuruSadAsajI 373 yajJezvara zukala 415, 418 yazavaMta paMDayA 344, 35ra yazavaMtarAya purohita 4ra3 yazavaMtarAva cavANa 163 yazodhara mahetA 13 yaMga InDiyA' 7, 20, 332, 480 yAhyAbhAI lokhaMDavALA 99 yugadraSTA 10 yugavaMdanA' 12 "yugavANI 8 yusupha dhAlA 416 yusupha mahera alI 58, 61, 82 yogI haranAtha 382 yogeza desAI 86 dha 440 rakhiyAla 291 raghunAtha brahmabhaTTa 432 raghubhAI haribhAI nAyaka 59 raghuvaradAsajI 378 rajanI pArekha 501 rajabaalI lAkhANI 87, 100, 101 raDu 380 raNachoDadAsajI 378 raNachoDa paTela 83, 85, 87, 98 raNachoDalAla amRtalAla zeTha pada raNachoDa "jamanA jhApaTe 437 raNajitarAma mahetA 305, 306, 315, 337, 343, 45, 464 raNajitasiMha 110, 138 raNudhIra desAI 84 raNasIpura 287 raNuMja 377 ratane khADatANa 31 ratanapura 290 ratana mArzala 443, 482 ratanalAla desAI 76 ratanasiMha navalasiMha 58 ratalAma khuzAladAsa 161 ratilAla desAI 76 ratilAla paTela 437 ratubhAI adANuM 78,96,17, 137 ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva joTa 4, 353 ratnasiMha mAmA 440 ratna bhagata 350 ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha ra30, 311, 335, -37, 343 ramaNalAla tAramAstara 442 ramaNalAla nA. mahetA 486-88 ramaNalAla mazarUvALA 60, 70 ramaNalAla mahetA kara3 ramaNalAla yAjJika 458, 443 ramaNalAla zeTha 64 ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAI 13, 341, 344, 35ra, 442 ramaNika bhAvasAra pa18-19 ramaNikalAla zAha 73 rameza jamInadAra 441 rameza paMDyA 419 ravibhANuM 375 ravizaMkara mahArAja 13, 3ra, 34, 35, 41, pa6, 73, 95, 136, 228, 308, 407

Page #585
560 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI ravi varmA 416-17 ravizaMkara rAvaLa 414, 417-18, 450 ravisAheba 375 rasanALa 138 rasikarAyajI kara0 rasika rAvaLa 416 rasikalAla umedacaMda parIkha 46, 117, 134, 136, 164, 182 rasikalAla kaDakiyA 59, 76 rasikalAla cho. parIkha 13, 338, 340, 323, 359, 436 rasikalAla parIkha 418 rasikalAla zukala 100 ravIndranAtha TAgora 18, 115, 120, 307, 355, 415 raskIna 407 rasulakhAnajI 486 rahImakhAM 419 rahematullA 310 raMga avadhUtajI 359, 376-77, 4pa7 raMgapura 120, 377, 487 488 raMgIladAsa kApaDiyA 83 raMghoLA 109, 2para, 256 rAghavajI leuvA 211 rAjakoTa 58, 22, 28, 65, 78, 88, 92, 99, 100, 103, 104, 114-15, 117, 125, 127, 130-33, 135 146, 11, 143, 176-77, 186, 187, 231, 243, 255, 263- 65, 272-73, 275-76, 278, 286, 288-92, 294, 308, 314, 319, 329, 385-86, 286,400, 405, 114, 418, 422, 4ra9,435, 440, 447, 448, 457, 464, 484 rAjapIpaLA 84, 97, 104, 15ra, -pa3, 192, 258, 279, 311, 381 rAjapura 118, 187 rAjAjI 60 rAjA rAmamohana rAya 202, 218 rAjulA 188, 248 rAjendrabAbu 454 rANapura 22, 23, 46, 99, 1ra7, 131, 378, 481 rANAvAva 286 rANIgaMja 301 rANuM premalatA 437 rAdhanapura 64, 7, 103, 122, 137, 189, 258-59, 380 rAdhAkumuda mukharjI 354 rAdhAkRSNane 355 rAmakabIra 374-75 rAmakRSNadeva 385 rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa 336, 343, 404, 405 rAmakRSNa harakhajI zAstrI 357 rAmagaDha 69,86 rAmacaMdra khare 447, 449 rAmajI mahArAja 382 rAmatIrtha 336, 343 rAmadAsa 374, 376 rAmadAsa bizanadAsa lAkhANuM 360 rAmadeva pIra 337 rAmanAthane meLe 58

Page #586
zabdasUci rAmanArAyaNa nA. pAThaka 341 rAmanArAyaNa vi. pAThaka 12-13, 338, 340, 344 rAmaparA 287 rAmapyArI - 437 rAmaprasAda kaoNnTrekaTara 200 rAmaprasAda bakSI 354 'rAmabANa' 8 rAmabAvA 377 rAmamaneAhara leAhiyA 72, 82, 84 rAmamUrti 131 rAmalAla parIkha 5 rAmalAla meAdI 338 rAmalAla vallabharAma nAyaka 437 rAmasiMha rAThoDa 5, 353 rAmu paMDita 100 rAmezvara 371 rAyasAMkaLI 188 rAva, esa. Ara. 487, 489 rAvajIbhAI caturabhAI paTela 27, 70, 422 rAvajIbhAI nAthAbhAI 60 rAvajIbhAI parAgajI desAI 60 rAvajIbhAI maNibhAI 57 rAsa 44-46, 57, 61 rALadharI 109 rAMcI 299, 301 rAMdera 175, 380 rujhavelTa 71 rudraprasAda desAI 58 rudramAtA 256 rudrasenavihAra 496 36 rudrANI 37ra purakelA 301 cuvA 267 rustama vakIla 40 rUpamala 437 rUpAla 382 rekhA' 344 rojhaDI 487, 48 rAya, khI. sI. krura, 27 raoNleTa eNkTa 71 rAzanaalI dvArA 99 pa rAhA 384 'rAhiNI' 7 rAhita dave 86. rAhita mahetA 83, 84, 98, 99 lakSmaNagiri svAmI 381 lakSmaNadAsa 376 lakSmaNa varmA 418 lakSmIkAMta zrIkAMta 76 lakSmIdAsa 419 lakSmIdAsa Azara 70 lakSmInAtha 25, 26 lakSmIprasAdajI 373 lakhatara 75, 104, 139, 187, 382 lakhadhIrasiMhajI 112, 385, 455 lakhamasI kheAnA 416 lakhamIca'da prema' 361 latIpha 11 lalita' 337 lalitA 372 lallubhAI maNiyAra 75, 77

Page #587
para AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI lallubhAI zAmaLadAsa 274 lallubhAI haribhAI paTela 70 lavaNuprasAda zAha 66, 138 lasuMdarA 44 lAkhAjIrAja 114-15, 130, 132 lAkhApAdara 103, 188 lAkhAbAvaLa 489 lAThI 104, 123, 139, 148, 418 lAlajI naMdA 437 lAlajI nAnajI jozI 360 lAlajI mahArAja 378 lAhera 88 lAMghaNaja 488 linalithage, leI 68 liyAkataalIkhAna 149 lIlA gaDakara 429 lIlA jharIvALA 441 lIlApura 75, 136 lIlAvatI desAI 56 lIliyA 188 lIle rucaMdANI 361 lIMbaDI 5, 64, 5, 7, 100, 103, 11920, 131-32 3 134-35, 146, 176-78, 275-76, 457 lIMbAsI pa7 luNAvADA 65, 7, 9, 104, 1901, 20, 271, 279, 288 90, 394, 400 luNeja 391 lUNumAtA 32 leIDa peja 266 kadUta 8 lokabhAratI' 321 lokamAnya 8 lokavANI" 11 lokasattA' 8 lokhaMDavAlA 353 lethala 487, 489 ledrA 453 baka 310 lerI 48 hANuM hitecchuM' 7 vaghAI 248 vaccharAja solaMkI 468 vajubhAI TAMka 443 vajubhAI bhagata 416 vajubhAI zAha 77, 98, 100, 136 vajubhAI zukala 65, 89, 8, 136 vajIriyA 15ra vaDagAma 137 vaDatAla 372, 398 vaDanagara 92, 457, 488 vaDavA 389, 458 "vaDavAlA' 378 vaDAlA pa7 vaDiyA 104, 275-76 vaDodarA 2, 4, 16, 25, 26, 58, 64, 5, 73-75, 83, 85, 87-90, 92, 96-98, 104, 107, 125, 127-29, 132, 136, 139, 15ra-pa3, 161, 165, 17-78, 186, 188, 189, 211-12, 220-21,

Page #588
zabdasUci 563 230 250-para, 2papa-pa6, 258, 267, 263, 267, 271, 273, 276, 279-81283, 285, 288-91, 308, 10, 313-14, 317-19, 3ra1-22, 328-31, 333, 349, 354, 357-18, 364, 374-75, 380, 383-84, 386-87 390, 384, 396, 388, 400, 403, 407, 413, -14, 417-19, 4rara-23,428 -29, 435, 440, 44-48, 4pa3-54, 457, 463, 471, 480, 486-87,488, 485- 96, 420, 502 vaDhavANa 28, 47, 103, 104, 119, 127, 130-32, 135, 146, 17-78, 187, 215, 231,258, 276, 287, 289, 308, 396, 392, 307, 421, 471 vaNAkaberI upara vanalatA mahetA 441 varateja 75, 288 varala 386 varADa 62 vardhA 84, 97 varSA AcArya 441 valasADa 37, 86, 192, 268-70, 281, 287-80, 293, 374 valAsaNa 203 valI, kavi 361 vallabhadAsa akkaDa 59 valabhadAsa modI 2759, 76 vallabha vidyAnagara 160, 286, 288, 314, 319, 321-22, 329, 349, 373, 323, 454, 464, 498 vivANiyA 389 vasaI 488 vasaMta 6, 338, 343 vasaMta amRta 421 vasaMta gaNeza bhoLe 397 vasaMta-rajaba 90 vasaMta vinedI" 11 vasaMta hegiSTa 80, 101 vasumatI ThAkora 60 vasumatI rAmaprasAda pada vasa 307, 310, 312, 394 vastu jahAMgIrajI kherazadajI 361 vaherA pa7 vaLA 104 vaMthaLI 116 'vaMde mAtarama'17,25, 127, 481 vAgaDiyA 287 vAgarA 75, 175, 280 vAghajI 112 vAghajI ThAkora 455 vAghajIparA 76 vAghajIbhAI ojhA 437-38 vAgharo 192 vADAsinora 14, 191, 260, 289-90, 372, 394 vADIlAla lallubhAI 60 vADIlAla zivarAma nAyaka 421-22

Page #589
564 vANusI 270 pAAda` 187 varSI 265, 458 vAmanarAya dheALakriyA 161 vAmanarAva mukAdama 70 vAmanarAva rAmacaMdra 128 vArANasI 380, 388 vArAhI 104, 189 vAlADa 67, 97, 175 vAva 104, 189 vAsaNa 1para vAsaNA 57 vAsudeva anagare 422 vAsudeva prasAdajI 372, 374 vAsudeva bhaTTa 60 vAsudeva meAhI 361 vAsudeva smAta 416 vAsudevAnaMda sarasvatI 377 vAMkAnera 103, 151, 146, 187, 275, 287, 378, 435 vAMjhaNA 97 vAMsadA 77, 104, 15, 175, 192, 290 vAMsavADA 154, 160, 164-65 vikaTara 248 vijayadatta 441 vijayanemisUri 392 vijayarAjajI 111, 198-99 viyarAya vaidya 338, 344-45, para vijayavallabhasUri 390, 393 vijayavADA 301 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI vijalapura 44 vinapura 90, 375, 382, 458 'vijJAna vilAsa' 7 vijJAnAnaM6 385 viThThalagaDha 64, 97, 137-38, 187, 246, 259 viThThaladAsa kAThArI 60 viThThaladAsa ThAkarazI 274 viThThaladAsa tribhAvanadAsa bhAjaka 437 viThThalabhAI paTela 19, 30, 36, 42, 128, 130, 310 vidyA' 10 vidyAkUTa 388 vidyAgaurI nIlakaMTha 161, 230, vidyAgaurI baLavatarAya kAgo pa vidyAna cha 383, 457 'vidyApITha' 10 vidyAbahena 242 vidyAthI patrikA' 73, 74 vinAda niArIvALA 73 vinAda paTela 418 vinAda zAha 418 vitAkhA bhAve 70, 336, 340, 349, 353, 406, 407 vinaya trivedI 418 vinAyaka paMDayA 418 vinsenTa smitha 354 virAla 57 vili'gTana 28, 47, 55, 455 vikSma phArsa khela 358 vilsana, leDI 498 vivekAna': 336, 385, 397, 415 vizAkhApattana 71

Page #590
zabdasUci . viSNukumAra vyAsa 441 viSNu digaMbara 420-21 viSNu nArAyaNu bhAtakhaMDe 420-22, 447, 449 viSNuprasAda trivedI 338, 344-45 vizvanAtha ma. bhaTTa 13, 338, 344, 351 vizvabhAratI 125 vizvavaMdya' 334 vizvazAMti' 11 visanagara 99, 129, 275, 287, 289-90, 322, 394, 471 visApura paTTa vidhyAcala 388 vI. TI. kRSNamAcArI 105, 146 vI. pI. menana 139,145-48, 150-51, 154 vIra ghaMTAkaNuM 457 vIracaMdabhAI zeTha 60 vIrajI 135 vIrapura 104, 152, 378 vIramagAma 29, 39, 91, 119, 130, 138, 146, 173, 190, 248-49, 252, 264-69 vIrANI 382 vIrAvALA 65, 133 'vIsamI sadI' 339, 417 vRMdAvana 388 veDaca 375 veDachI 62, 92, 227, 310 verAvaLa 90, 116, 150, 248, 263,-64, 267, 269-70, 272, 276, 285, 391 vevala 79, 80 velsa, eca. jI. 354 'vaiSNavajana' 8 vyArA 64, 25, 97, 275 vyAsa, DI. jI. 415 vrajalAla Astika 60 vrajalAla trivedI 418 jedra vyAsa 443 vhIlara, Ara. I. meTira 486 zakuMtalA dIvAnajI 416 zatruMjaya 458 zayadA 11 zaraNAnaMda 377 zaMkaraprasAda desAI 441 55 zakara mahArAja 382 zaMkararAva pAThaka 421 zaMkaralAla goviMdarAma 437 zaMkaralAla parIkha 4, 28, 30 zakaralAla baeNnkara 28, 95, 96, 98, 228 zaMkaralAla mAhezvara zAstrI 356-57 zaMkarAcAya . 355 zaMbhuprasAda ha. dezAI p zApurajI salAtavALA 87 zAmaLadAsa gAMdhI 7, 100, 117, 127, 147, 150, 13, 180 81, 454, 483 'zAradA' 7, 482 zAradAbahena 35, 222 zAvane TImA 500 zAha, Ara. ke. 440 zAhanavAjhakhAna bhUtA 116-17 148-49

Page #591
56 zAhapuranI khADI 46 zALApatra' huM zAMtAdevI 1 07 zAMti dave 418-19 zAMtinAtha 457-18 zAMtiniketana 18, 28 zAMtilAla gAMdhI 6 0 zAMtilAla zAha 100, 418 'zikSaNa patrikA' 7 ziyANI 134 ziraDI 377 zirISa' 13, 14 zivakumAra jozI 430, 441 zivakumAra zukala 423 ziva paDayA 418 zivaprasAda rAjagAra pa zivaprasAda lAlA 443 zivarAma mUti` 45 zivalAla gAradhana (kAmika) 437 zivalAla nAyaka 438 zivAna'6 131-32, 388 zivAnaMda adhvaryuM 387 zivAnaMda sarasvatI 387 zivAbhAI AzAbhAI 70 zivAbhAI ha. paTela 70 ziheAra 287, 290, 471 zItaLA 372 zIrIna phAjhadAra 399 zeksapiyara 347 zetruMjI 25ra, 256 zerakhI 375 zerathA 78, 78 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI zaukataalI 38 zyAmajI kRSNavarmA 16 zyAmaprasAda vasAvaDA 98 svAvakSa cAvaDA 415 zraddhAnaMda 483 zrIkAMta 86 zrIdharANI 341-42, 346 zrIpatiprasAdajI 372-73 zrIpAdavallabha 37 zrIbhadra 388, 457 zrImad rAjacaMdra 389, 458 zrIman--nathurAma zarmA 23, 379 zrImantrasi'hAcA jI 384 zromeTA 457 'zrImALI hitecchu'8 'zrI mumabaI samAcAra' huM zrIra`ga' 9 sacIna 97, 104 sajanalAla talATI 86 sajoda 26 saNasAlI 57 satarAma 'sAyala' 361 satAdhAra 378 satArazAha 382 'satya' 343 'satyaprakAza' huM 'satyAgraha patrikA' 34 satyAnajI 382 sadAnaMdajI 382 'sana' 7 sanatakumAra vINu 440 sanata mahetA 100

Page #592
zabdasUci 567 samarthadAsa 374 samalAyA 106, 291 "samazera bahAdura' 6 "samAcAra" 23 "samAcaka 6 samI 180 "samI sAMja' 8 sayAjIrAva trIjA 16, 105, 107, 178, 199, 211, 12, 127, (3ra3, 324, 333, 349, 413, 418-19, 447 sarakheja 381 saradhA 97 saradAragaDha 148, 151, 188 saradAra pRthvIsiMha 89, 136 saradAra vallabhabhAI 18, 19, 24, 29, 30, 3ra, 49, 47, 48, 40, 55, 57, 61-63, 65, 66, 71, 80 87, 110, 11, 129, 13ra-33, 135-36, 138, 143, 145, 147, 150- pa3, 156-17, 180, 249, 3ra1, 464, 481, 497-98 saradArasiMha rANuM 17 saradesAI 354 saradhAra 131 saracUdAsajI 382 saralAdevI sArAbhAI 312 saralA bAnarajI 440 sarasapura 83 saritA khaTAu 441 sarojabahena zAha 77 sarojinI nAyaDu 45 " salaDI 100 salAyA 268 savitAbahena nAnajI mahetA kara8 sahajAnaMda 372-74 saMkheDA 474 saMkheDA-mevAsa 97, 104, 1para, 191, 200 saMjANu 165 saMtarAmapura 104, 191, 286, 290, 400 saMtarAmapurA 258, 260 saMtarAma mahArAja 378 saMtaroDa 271 sa deza" 9, 22, 5, 481 "saMdezikA' 10 saMbodhi 10 "saMsAra' 344 saMskRti 10, 344, 484 sAgara mahArAja 381, 457 sAgavArA 139 sANaMda 173, 190, 265, 376, 421 sAtapUDA 165 sAbaramatI 255, 406, 487, 502 sAbaramatI Azrama 43, 44, 1, 215 sAmarakhA 386 sAyalA 104, 378 sArathi 8 sArasA 376 sArasANa 382 sALaMgapura 373, 453

Page #593
58 sAranAtha 199 sArAbhAI 288 sArAbhAI kAzIrAma pArekha 60 sAvarakara, vI. DI. 64, 91 sAvarakuMDalA 96, 265, 284 sAvalI 372, 380 sAMgalI 301 'sAMjanu dainika' 9 sAMtalapura 189 siddhapura 90-92, 98, 107, 264- 65, 275-66, 2.83, 291- 92, 394 sinIMga 461 sirIla phesina 122 sirAhI 189 siMdhu 466-67, 473 sihaNu 256 sItAdevI 107 sItArAma mahArAja 382 sImaraDA 375 sukhadevabhAI 95, 227 sukharAjisaMha jhAlA 422 sukhalAla trivedI 252 sukhalAlajI saMdhavI 338, 340, 353, 391, 402 suNAva 57 sudhIrakumAra sakasenA 423 subhadrAjI 383 subhalakSmI 429 subhASaca`dra ejha 7-69, 85, 26, 348 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI sumaMta mahetA 35, 68, 83, 85, 88, 95, 97, 98 sumaMta vyAsa 416, 441 surakA 109 sarakUvA 57 surata 8, 17, 21, 23, 33, 35, 35, 40, 43, 47, 49-51, 59, 62, 67, 73, 75, 85, 88, 90, 92, 96, 98, 99, 101, 144, 164-65, 170, 175, 186, 235, 237,244, 259, 264,270-71, 275- 78,285,286,288,290-91, 294, 305, 311, 313-14, 316-18, 322, 325, 329, 365, 374, 276, 380, 383, 386, 388, 390-91, 39394, 39698, 403, 414, 423, 438, 435, 440, 443, 453, 457, 463, 497, 497 surasiMhajI gohila 'kalApI' 123 sureza rAjaDA 841 suredrajI 41, 95, 215 suredranagara 92, 119, 135, 163, 186, 188, 255, 264-65, 272,276, 282,286, 228, 292, 329, 378 surendrasihajI 119 suvrata svAmI 457 sulemAna 45 suzIla durlabhajI 59 suzruta 343 suMdaradAsa 376, 440

Page #594
zabdasUci suMdaram 12, 13, 89, 336, 340- 41, 346, 352, 356, 387 suMdarI 37ra 'su'darI sukhAdha' 6, 218, 339 sUI gAma 198 sUrajahena 222 sUrajarAma (spe. suMdarI) 437 sUryakAMtA rudraprasAda 70 sUdatta bhaTTa 98 sUryapura 383 semyuala hAIma AgaravAkara 398 semyuela heArana 60 serisAtI 458 selavAsa 156 'sevaka' 9 sevArAma mahArAja 383 sevAliyA 286 seja 78 sajapura 57 saidhruva 498 seAjitrA 394 sADhANA-vaDALA 148 seAnagaDha 85, 97, 104, 188, 389, 30, 403 'seApAna' 15, 341, 352 sAmanAtha 487,48, 500 sAmanAtha 'kalyANI' 437 sAmanAtha pATaNa 500 seAmAlAla magaLadAsa zAha 9, 418 sAmAlAla zirAIyA 99 seArAbajI pAcakhAnavAlA 275 sArAbajI ma`cerajI desAI 4, 359 'saurASTra' 7, 22, 75, 127, 137, 344, 352 'saurASTra bhUmi'Ta 'saurASTra samAcAra' 8 'sTeTsamena' 35 sTrepha kripsa 71 'strI' 9 'strIjIvana' 10, 482 'strIkhAdha' 6 'strIzakti' 23 'snehayajJa' 13, 14 'sneharazmi' 98, 340-41 smitA zAstrI 448 svataMtratA' huM svadeza gItAmRta' 10 svadeza gItAvali' 11 svadha vakra huM 'svapnastha' 364 'svarAjanAM gItA' 10 svAdhyAya' 10 59 svAmI AnaMda 402 svAmI brahmalIna 357 svAmI sadAziva 381 svIDanakhkhA 336 hakIma ajamalakhAna, 40, 41 haku zAha 418-19 hakUmata desAI 443 haDamatiyA 248 hiMdu dariyANI 361 harakAMtabhAI zukla 421, 443 haragoviMda paMDathA 7 haragAviMdadAsa kAMTAvALA 333

Page #595
570 AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI harajIbhAI DekaTara 421 haranAma pAgala 382 harabilAsa zAraDA 230 ha. 2. mAMkaDa 486 harasiddhabhAI diveTiyA 65 harasiddhi 37ra harasukha kikANa 443 "harijana" 7, 21, 71, 126, 480 "harijanabaMdhu' 7, 75, 26, 217, 340, 405, 480 haridAsajI 382 harinArAyaNa DAyara 74 haripurA 309 hariprasAda desAI ra7, 87, 446 hariprasAda mahetA 60 hariprasAda zAstrI 353, 488 haribhAI desAI 98 harirAma 376 harilAla parIkha 128 harilAla dhruva 335, 338 harilAla zAha 83, 85 harisiMhajI 114, 386 harihara bhaTTa 11 harIza vAsavANI 361 harSavijayajI 300 hasamukha dhI. sAMkaLiyA 358, 487-89 haLavada 118, 131-32, 37ra. haMsarAja aMdha kavi 60 haMsAbahena mahetA 230, 44ra hAjI mahammada 349, hAjI mahaMmada zivajI 417 hArIja 27pa hADI 240 hA jensana 148-49 hAla 58, 174, 101, 271, 380. hAvarA 301 hAsArAma zarmA 360 hAMsoTa 175 hiTalara-89 hitendra desAI 98 hiraNa 256 hiMmatanagara 2para hiMmatalAla zukala 160-61 hiMmatasiMhajI 124 hIrAdAsa 375 hIrAlAla paTela 416 hIrAlAla pArekha 3 dUdharAja dUkhAyela 360 dUdharAja balavANI 361 "hRdayanAtha" 13 hRdayavibhUti' 13-14 haSIkeza 38-88 heDagevAra 91 hevela 414 hemu gaDhavI 4ra3, 4rapa DIvAlA, ema. eca. 358

Page #596
gujarAta, 1940 ane 1956 vaccene saMkrAMtikAla _79 Present external boundary of India-.-.pA phi 2tA nA hakka haba nA sa kAMThA ka.chanuM : Yes - a A taka jhAlA vADe ! paMcamahAla ta || 4 2cha no a khe DA P $ (c) bhArata sarakAra kA pratilipyadhikAra 1987 Government of India Copyright 1987 4 Surveyor General of India. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the bhArata ke mahAsarve kSaka kI anuzAnusAra bhAratIya sarvekSaNa vibhAga ke mAnacitra para AdhArita / vaDodarA M = = ra la 3 ca , A 2 che su 2 ta bI bhA ta ne 6 . va : 9 0 - ' 16 0 16 32 8 mAIla (s,kamaLa para sIya) 4 (gas:kALa mAIla je Tra che ? - mai - 70 - ~ 17The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base. line

Page #597
gujarAta rAjya, 1960 (rAjakIya) A T2 3 14 13 ,d Present external boundary of India--.-. - pA ki 2stA na e 4 * ) parabanA sa kAM ka ThA jiM bloka pAlanapura M mahAI hiMmatanagara ullekhasAbarakAMThA 3 2cha ji ** 5 amadAvAda, } jillo godharA 9 bhArata sarakAra kA pratilipyadhikAra 1987 (c) Government of India Copyright 1987 ' ka 20 no e . * ke e daSTi } Surveyor General of India. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the bhArata ke mahAsavekSaka kI anuzAnusAra bhAratIya sarvekSaNa vibhAga ke mAnacitra para aadhaarit| paMcamahAla } surendranagara, YCE nA ma na ga ra jillo ja che ... 4 ja bhAvanagara - jillo" bharUca jillo jU nA ga a ra >> 11t nA A 7 surata jillo bI - kha bha ta - sa dama (1 Tana kita) muM : (jAA damaNa aura diiv| 70 -~The terrtorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles, measured from the appropriate base line

Page #598
120 zurAta (sAMskRti: sthA) 68 69 70 Present enternal boundary of India -.-. | pADi stA na i RAMM P4+ 4T11 Y bhA psc ta +2 5 mA . . 15 ma /em (c) bhArata sarakAra kA pratilipyadhikAra 1987 . . . (c) Government of India Copyright 1987 Surveyor General of India. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the bhArata ke mahAsave kSaka kI anujJAnusAra bhAratIya sarvekSaNa vibhAga ke mAnacitra para aadhaarit| 2.sA tapura rAjapIpaLA a Clean. satAdhAra 6 2 Sretion - bI sano jalA mA, damaNa aura - kim 0 0 01-0 e (goA damaNa aura dIvA, 24.... 2.18Sce .....___70 .. --71 3 ..........The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line

Page #599
gujarAta (svAtaMtrya saMgrAmanAM sthaLe) - : present external boundary of India -- pA ki stA nA a 45# 2 baMgadhAre amadAvAda, kata (c) bhArata sarakAra kA pratilipyadhikAra 1987 (c) Government of India Copyright 1987 3 ccha no e khAI Surveyor General of India. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the bhArata ke mahAsarvekSaka kI anuzAnusAra bhAratIya sarvekSaNa vibhAga ke mAnacitra para AdhArita / lImaDI hA 4. ta no A khAuM a bolI ra bI paMrAsaNA *karADI Ela 'daDI S phijhI0 22 (aa , mana mora rIvarga damaNa & (jhA mairI 16 - | 0 4 6 3 MEG 48 mAIla 6s | di The territorial waters of India extend joto the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line.

Page #600
DhavADI 57 anAmata agni | khaMDa - bhaMDAra katI gAha na jJAna parasALa [mukatAda zrAddha mATe jagyA --- mukhya agni khaMDa IuvagAha | -- phebaoNA ) mukhya haoNla Azana sAheba, crAta | darzana dvArA E sthApanA zilAlekho, -4-1-1- prArthanA khaMDa va 2 Do. 0 ka SpA 6 : pravA Alekha 1 amadAvAdanI pArasI agiyArInuM talamAna (juo pR. 459)

Page #601
III //WITTTTT III IIL IIIIII paI III III) HTTTTS - LI - Alekha 2 dakhAnuM talamAna (juo pR. 460.)

Page #602
AkRti 1-8 paTTa 1 O O (1) vAgha chApa rUpiye, 1947, pRSThabhAga. (2) cerasa kAMgarIvALI 4 AnI, 1918, pRSThabhAga. (3) jorja 5 nI AkRti dharAvatI 1. AnI, 1937, agrabhAga (4) gAya chApa aDadhA ane, 1950, pRSThabhAga, (5) ghoDA chApa 1 paiso, 1950 pRSThabhAga, (6) 5 naye paise, 1958, pRSThabhAga. (7) kANAvALA paise, 1944, pRSThabhAga (8) pAyale, kaccha, vi. 2003 (I. sa. 1947), pRSThabhAga.

Page #603
paTTa 2 AkRti 9 mahAtmA gAMdhIjI

Page #604
paTTa 3 AkRti 10 hRdayakuMja, amadAvAda

Page #605
& Bh AkRti 11 'dAMDIkUca' ( kaupIrAITa : phATA, lepha. karnala baLavaMta bhaTTa)

Page #606
paTTa 5. AkRti 12 saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela

Page #607
A, 13 : kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI A, 14 : nAnajI kALidAsa

Page #608
A. 15 : cInubhAI beroneTa A. 16 : vikrama sArAbhAI A. 17 : gijubhAI badhekA paTTa 7

Page #609
paTTa 8 A. 18 maNilAla nabhubhAI A.19 2maNabhAI nIlakaMTha A.20, kAnta' vatra A 22, kalApI'. A.22. nAnAlAlA A 23.jhave2caMda meghANI / A.24, vidyAbahena nIlakaMTha A.25 abbAsa taiyabajI 26.dIdAsAheba mAvaLaMkara

Page #610
HTAT E3 karo A. 27 : paM', sukhalAlajI | A. 28 : muni puNyavijayajI A. 29 : punita mahArAja

Page #611
paTTa 10 A. 30 : 5. omakAranAtha A. 31 : ravizaMkara rAvaLa A. 3ra : mRNAlinI sArAbhAI (nRtya karatAM)

Page #612
paTTa 11 AkRti 33 bApulAla nAyaka ane jayazaMkara suMdarI" (eka dazyamAM)

Page #613
paTTa 12 AkRti 34 'menAgujarI'nuM eka dazya

Page #614
paTTa 13 Loic Po-Bibl : $EUR pjelle ; 9 . , ; . 8 ' AkRti 35 : garabA

Page #615
paTTa 14 AkRti 37 TAuna hola, amadAvAda

Page #616
paTTa 15 AkRti 38 saMskAra keMdra, amadAvAda AkRti 39 gujarAta yunivarsiTI bhavana, amadAvAda

Page #617
241, 80: kIrtima`dira (navu), porabaMdara A 41 : samAdhi maMdira, gAMdhIdhAma (kaccha) paTTa 16

Page #618
TEST che. ' . ?' . 2 E * paTTa 17 a. 4ra : zahIda smAraka, amadAvAda (vinoda kinArIvAlAvALuM) A. 43 : nirvAsitezvara mahAdeva, gAMdhIdhAma (kaccha)

Page #619
23 24 AkRti 44 somanAtha maMdira jIrNoddhAranA prAraMbhane prasaMga (jAma sAheba, munazI vagere)

Page #620
paTTa 19 AkRti 4pa se janAtha maMdira (kailAsa- mahAmeru-prAsAda), prabhAsa pATaNa

Page #621
paTTa 20 kjhaE | t:- A. 46 : kaMDalA baMdarano pAyAne paththara A. 47 : ghaMTAkarNa vIra, mahuDI

Page #622
A. 48 : sayAjIrAva 3jAnuM bAvaluM, vaDAdarA A. 49 : gAMdhIjInuM bAvalu, amadAvAda 56 21

Page #623
56 22 AkRti 50 sinAga, amadAvAda

Page #624
paH 23 A. 51 : saiyada maulAI abdullAne kubo, khaMbhAta A. para : pArasI agiyArI, khamArA geTa, amadAvAda

Page #625
A. 13 gujarAta rAjyanI sthApanA (udghATana--pravacana karatA zrI ravizaMkara mahArAja) paTTa 24

Page #626
gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMthamAlA' saMpA. : pro. 2. cho. parIkha ane DaoN. ha, ga, zAstrI (graMtha 1-7) | hai, ha, gaM. zAstrI ane Do. pra. ci. parIkha (graMtha 8-9) kiMmata 1972 rU. 9-75 197ra. 9-75 1974 6-20 1976 9-55 graMtha 1 : itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA (pR. 24 + 610+ 31 citro) graMtha 2 : mIrya kAlathI guptakAla (pR. 23+ 646 + 35 citro) graMtha 3 : maitraka kAla ane anumaitraka kAla (pR. 23+ para 5 + 35 citrA) graMtha 4 : selaDakI kAla (pR. 31 + 628 + 34 citro) graMtha 5 : salatanata kAla (pR. 32 + 575 + 40 citro) graMtha 6 : mughala kAla (pR. 24+ 599 + 40 citro) graMtha 7 : marAThA kAla (pR. 24 graMtha 8 : briTi pR. 31 graMtha 9 : AjhA 1976 25-50 1979 19-45 1982 13-25 2 0-40 915thI 1860) (pR. 24 40-4) _'jakIya ane sAMI 987 prAptisthAna : bhe. je. vidyAbhavana ha. kA. ArTasa koleja kampAunDamAM, Azrama mArga, amadAvAda-380 009