Sanskrit Swayam Shikshak

Author(s): Shripad Damodar Satvalekar
Publisher: Rajpal and Sons
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032413/1

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saMskRta svayaM-zikSaka zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara sarala vidhi se apane-Apa saMskRta sIkhane ke lie sas zikSaka

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svayaM saMskRta sIkhane ke lie saMskRta svayaM-zikSaka lekhaka zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara cAroM vedoM ke bhASyakAra aura saMskRta ke aneka granthoM ke racayitA HINDI GRANTH I KARYALAY Publishers since 1912 9, Hirabaug, C. P. Tank, Mumbai 400 004 bhArata 2:91.22.2382.6739 E-mail : jainbooks@aol.com www.hindibooks.8m.com * www.gohgk.com rAjapAla

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mUlya : nabbe rupaye (Rs. 90.00) saMskaraNa : 2010 (c) rAjapAla eNDa sanz2a ISBN: 978-81-7028-574-8 SANSKRIT SWYAM SHIKSHAK by Shripad Damodar Satavlekar rAjapAla eNDa sanja, kazmIrI geTa, dillI-110 006 website : www.rajpalpublishing.com e-mail : mail@rajpalpublishing.com

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paricaya vedamUrti paM. zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara kI gaNanA bhArata ke agraNI veda tathA saMskRta bhASA ke vizAradoM meM kI jAtI hai / ve sau varSa se adhika jIvita rahe aura AjIvana inake pracAra-prasAra kA kArya karate rhe| unhoMne sarala hindI meM cAroM vedoM kA anuvAda kiyA aura ye anuvAda dezabhara meM atyanta lokapriya hue| isake atirikta yoga ke AsanoM tathA sUrya namaskAra kA bhI unhoMne bahuta pracAra kiyA / paM. sAtavalekara mahArASTra ke nivAsI the aura vyavasAya se citrakAra the / mumbaI ke suprasiddha je. je. skUla Ava ArTsa meM unhoMne vidhivat kalA kI zikSA prApta kI thii| vyakti citra (porTreTa) banAne meM unheM vizeSa kuzalatA prApta thI aura lAhaura meM apanA sTUDiyo banAkara ve yaha kArya karate the / mahArASTra vApasa lauTakara unhoMne tatkAlIna auMdha riyAsata meM 'svAdhyAya maMDala' ke nAma se vedoM tathA saMbaMdhita granthoM kA anuvAda tathA prakAzana kArya AraMbha kiyA / sarala hindI meM veda ke ye pahale anuvAda the jo bahuta jalda dezabhara meM par3he jAne lage / saMskRta bhASA sikhAne ke lie bhI unhoMne apanI eka sarala paddhati banAI aura isake anusAra kakSAe~ calAnI Arambha kIM / pustakeM bhI likhIM jinheM par3hakara loga ghara baiThe saMskRta sIkha sakate the / 'saMskRta svayaM - zikSaka' nAmaka yaha pustaka zIghra hI eka saMsthA bana gaI aura isa paddhati kA tez2I se pracAra huaa| saMskRta ko bhASA sIkhane kI dRSTi se eka kaThina bhASA mAnA jAtA hai, isalie bhI isa sarala vidhi kA vyApaka pracAra huA / ise daraasala saMskRta sIkhane kI 'sAtavalekara paddhati' hI kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha 70-80 varSa pahale likhI gaI thii| Aja bhI isakI upAdeyatA kama nahIM huI aura Age bhI isI prakAra banI rahegI / auMdha meM svAdhyAya maMDala kA kArya bar3I saphalatA se cala rahA thA, ki tabhI 1948 meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kI hatyA kI ghaTanA huI / nAthUrAma vinAyaka goDase cU~ki mahArASTrIya aura brAhmaNa the, isalie sAre mahArASTra meM brAhmaNoM para hamale karake unakI sampattiyA~ ityAdi jalAI giiN| isI meM paM. sAtavalekara ke saMsthAna ko bhI jalAkara naSTa kara diyA gyaa| ve svayaM kisI prakAra baca nikale aura unhoMne gujarAta ke sUrata z2ile meM sthita pAraDI nAmaka sthAna meM phira naye sire se svAdhyAya maMDala kA kArya saMgaThita kiyA / 1969 meM apane dehAnta ke samaya taka ve yahIM kAryarata rahe / bhASA - zikSaNa ke kSetra meM 'saMskRta svayaM-zikSaka' eka vaijJAnika tathA atyanta saphala pustaka hai / 3

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pustaka prArambha karane se pahale ise avazya par3heM isa pustaka kA nAma 'saMskRta svayaM-zikSaka' hai aura jo artha isa nAma se vidita hotA hai vahI isakA kArya hai| kisI paMDita kI sahAyatA ke binA hindI jAnane vAlA vyakti isa pustaka ke par3hane se saMskRta bhASA kA jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai| jo devanAgarI akSara nahIM jAnate, unako ucita hai ki pahale devanAgarI par3hakara phira pustaka ko pddh'eN| devanAgarI akSaroM ko jAne binA saMskRta jAnanA kaThina hai| bahuta se loga yaha samajhate haiM ki saMskRta bhASA bahuta kaThina hai, aneka varSa prayatna karane se hI usakA jJAna ho sakatA hai| parantu vAstava meM vicAra kiyA jAe to yaha bhrama-mAtra hai| saMskRta bhASA niyamabaddha tathA svabhAvasiddha hone ke kAraNa saba vartamAna bhASAoM se sugama hai| maiM yaha kaha sakatA hU~ ki aMgrejI bhASA saMskRta bhASA se dasa gunA kaThina hai| maiMne varSoM ke anubhava se yaha jAnA hai ki saMskRta bhASA atyaMta sugama rIti se par3hAI jA sakatI hai aura vyAvahArika vArtAlApa tathA rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratAdi pustakoM kA adhyayana karane ke lie jitanA saMskRta kA jJAna cAhie, utanA pratidina ghaMTA-AdhA-ghaMTA abhyAsa karane se eka varSa kI avadhi meM acchI prakAra prApta ho sakatA hai, yaha merI korI kalpanA nahIM, paraMtu anubhava kI huI bAta hai| isI kAraNa saMskRta-jijJAsu sarvasAdhAraNa janatA ke sammukha usI anubhava se prApta apanI viziSTa paddhati ko isa pustaka dvArA rakhanA cAhatA huuN| hindI ke kaI vAkya isa pustaka meM bhASA kI dRSTi se kucha viruddha pAe jAe~ge, parantu ve usa prakAra isalie likhe gae haiM ki ve saMskRta vAkya meM prayukta zabdoM ke krama ke anukUla hoN| kisI-kisI sthAna para saMskRta ke zabdoM kA prayoga bhI usake niyamoM ke anusAra nahIM likhA hai tathA zabdoM kI saMdhi kahIM bhI nahIM kI gaI hai| yaha saba isalie kiyA gayA hai ki pAThakoM ko bhI subhItA ho aura unakA saMskRta meM praveza sugamatApUrvaka ho ske| pAThaka yaha bhI dekheMge ki jo bhASA kI zailI kI nyUnatA pahale pAThoM meM hai, vaha Age ke pAThoM meM nahIM hai| bhASA-zailI kI kucha nyUnatA sugamatA ke lie jAna-bUjhakara rakhI gaI hai, isalie pAThaka usakI ora dhyAna na dekara apanA abhyAsa jArI rakheM, tAki saMskRta-maMdira meM unakA praveza bhalI-bhA~ti ho ske| pAThakoM ko ucita hai ki ve nyUna-se-nyUna pratidina eka ghaMTA isa pustaka kA adhyayana kiyA kareM aura jo-jo zabda Ae~ unakA prayoga binA kisI saMkoca ke karane kA yatna kreN| isase unakI unnati hotI rhegii| jisa rIti kA avalambana isa pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai, vaha na kevala sugama hai, parantu svAbhAvika bhI hai, aura isa kAraNa isa rIti se alpa kAla meM aura thor3e-se parizrama se bahuta lAbha hogaa|

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yaha maiM nizcayapUrvaka kaha sakatA hU~ ki pratidina eka ghaMTA prayatna karane se eka varSa ke andara isa pustaka kI paddhati se vyAvahArika saMskRta bhASA kA jJAna ho sakatA hai / parantu pAThakoM ko yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki kevala uttama zailI se hI kAma nahIM calegA, pAThakoM kA yaha kartavya hogA ki ve pratidina paryApta aura nizcita samaya isa kArya ke lie avazya lagAyA kareM, nahIM to koI pustaka kitanI hI acchI kyoM na ho, binA prayatna kie pAThaka usase pUrA lAbha nahIM uThA skte| abhyAsa kI paddhati (1) prathama pATha taka jo kucha likhA hai, use acchI prakAra par3hie / saba ThIka se samajhane ke pazcAt prathama pATha ko par3hanA prArambha kIjie / (2) hara eka pATha pahale sampUrNa par3hanA cAhie, phira usako kramazaH smaraNa karanA cAhie; hara eka pATha ko kama-se-kama dasa bAra par3hanA cAhie / ( 3 ) hara eka pATha meM jo-jo saMskRta vAkya haiM, unako kaMThastha karanA cAhie tathA jina-jina zabdoM ke rUpa die haiM, unako smaraNa karake, unake samAna jo zabda die hoM, una zabdoM ke rUpa vaise hI banAne kA yatna karanA cAhie / (4) jahA~ parIkSA ke prazna die hoM, vahA~ unakA uttara die binA Age nahIM bar3hanA caahie| yadi praznoM kA uttara denA kaThina ho, to pUrva pATha dubArA par3hanA caahie| praznoM kA jhaTa uttara na de sakane kA yahI matalaba hai ki pUrva pATha ThIka prakAra se taiyAra nahIM hue / (5) jahA~ dubArA par3hane kI sUcanA dI hai, vahA~ avazya dubArA par3hanA cAhie / (6) yadi do vidyArthI sAtha-sAtha abhyAsa kareMge aura paraspara praznottara karake eka-dUsare ko madada deMge to abhyAsa bahuta zIghra ho sakegA / (7) yaha pustaka tIna mahInoM ke abhyAsa ke lie hai| isalie pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve samaya ke andara pustaka samApta kreN| jo pAThaka adhika samaya lenA cAheM, ve le sakate haiN| yaha pustaka acchI prakAra smaraNa hone ke pazcAt hI dUsarI pustaka prArambha karanI caahie|

Page #8
akSara a A i I u U R R lu lu e ai o au aM aH| ka kha ga gha Ga, ca cha ja jha Ja, Ta Tha Da Dha Na, ta tha da dha na, pa pha ba bha ma, ya ra la va, za Sa sa ha, kSa tra jny| zuddha svara a, i, u, R, lu, ye pAMca zuddha svara haiN| saMyukta svara athavA A milakara Sur bp 444NNH44 A-banA hai I-banI hai U-banA hai R-banI hai e-banA hai e-banA hai o-banA hai o-banA hai ai-banA hai " " U " a| " au-banA hai for svara-janya akSara (svaroM se bane hue akSara) athavA I svara a ke sAtha milakara "ya" banAtA hai " U a " " "va" " " " ka a " " "" " "" lu a " " "la" , , 7] kalalala A

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k r khr wr mr t v aura ::: "" aura "" 17 27 "" "" "" "" "7 Ja i t i ma ra ra 4 4 ra ya ta la ya ra ra na ra da htr saMyukta vyaJjana milakara 23 e + a =aya au + a = Ava hotA hai isI prakAra anya svara milane para "" "" 27 "" milakara "" "" "" A "" "" 77 77 "" "" "" "" kSa [ kSa] jJa [jJa] 77 kva [ kva] mra tra har hd har is th dra tya pta lla hya vra kra mna sra vda kucha svaroM kI sandhi ai + a = Aya TUTa ptya banA hai pAThaka sandhi jAna sakeMge ai + I = AyI / 29 e + A = ayaa| o + u = avu / au + U=AvU / ai + o = Ayo / e + e =aye / o + e =ave / au + o = Avo / isa prakAra 'e, ai, o, au' kI sandhi pAThaka jAna sakeMge "" ya ya pU tha - ya zrUya isa prakAra saMyukta akSara ananta haiN| hindI bhASA ke pAThakoM ko ucita hai ki ve isa saMyukta akSara paddhati ko jAneM tAki ve acchI taraha saMyukta akSaroM ko par3ha sakeM / "" "" "" banA hai "" 2: "" :: o + a =ava

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pATha 1 nIce kucha saMskRta zabda aura unake artha die hue haiN| phira unake vAkya banAye haiN| saMskRta bhASA ke zabda kAle TAipa meM chape haiN| zabda saH vh| tvm=tuu| aham =maiN| gacchati vaha jAtA hai| gacchasi tU jAtA hai| gacchAmi maiM jAtA huuN| vAkya ahaM gacchAmi maiM jAtA huuN| tvaM gacchasi tU jAtA hai| saH gacchati vaha jAtA hai| pAThaka yahAM dhyAna rakheM ki saMskRta vAkyoM kA bhASA meM artha zabda ke krama se hI diyA gayA hai| zabda kutra khaaN| ytr-jhaaN| atra yhaaN| tatra vhaaN| sarvatra saba sthAna pr| kim=kyaa| vAkya 1. tvaM kutra gacchasi-tU kahAM jAtA hai ? 2. yatra saH gacchati-jahAM vaha jAtA hai| 3. ahaM tatra gacchAmi-maiM vahAM jAtA huuN| 4. saH kutra gacchati-vaha kahAM jAtA hai ? 5. yatra ahaM gacchAmi-jahAM maiM jAtA huuN| 6. tvaM sarvatra gacchasi-tU saba sthAna para jAtA hai| 7. kiM saH gacchati-kyA vaha jAtA hai ? 8. saH gacchati kim-vaha jAtA hai kyA ? 9. saH kutra gacchati-vaha kahAM jAtA hai ? 10. yatra tvaM gacchasi-jahAM tU jAtA hai| 11. tvaM gacchasi kim-tU jAtA hai kyA ? / 12. ahaM sarvatra gacchAmi-maiM saba sthAna para jAtA huuN| pAThakoM ko ye saba vAkya dhyAna meM rakhane caahie| yadi do pAThaka sAtha-sAtha |9|

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10 par3hate hoM, to eka-dUsare se saMskRta tathA hindI ke vAkya uccAraNa karake artha pUchane cAhie, aura dUsare ko cAhie ki vaha artha batAe / parantu yadi akelA hI par3atA ho to use prathama UMcI AvAz2a meM pratyeka vAkya dasa bAra uccAraNa karake tatpazcAt saMskRta vAkyoM kI ora dRSTi dekara unakA artha bhASA ke vAkyoM kI ora dRSTi na dete hue mana se lagAne kA prayatna karanA caahie| aisA do-tIna bAra karane se saba vAkya yAda ho sakate haiM / jo pAThaka ina vAkyoM kI ora dhyAna deMge unako ukta zabdoM se kaI anya vAkya svayaM racane kI yogyatA AegI aura patA lagegA ki thor3e-se zabdoM se kitanI bAtacIta ho sakatI hai| zabda na- nahIM / asti - hai / kaH - kauna / nAsti nahIM hai / vAkya 1. ahaM na gacchAmi - maiM nahIM jAtA hUM / 2. tvaM na gacchasi - tU nahIM jAtA hai| 1 3. saH na gacchati - vaha nahIM jAtA hai / 4. ahaM tatra na gacchAmi - maiM vahAM nahIM jAtA hUM / 5. tvaM sarvatra na gacchasi - tU saba sthAna para nahIM jAtA hai / 6. kiM saH na gacchati-kyA vaha nahIM jAtA hai 1 7. yatra tvaM na gacchasi - jahAM tU nahIM jAtA hai 1 8. tvaM na gacchasi kim - tU nahIM jAtA hai kyA ? 9. ahaM sarvatra na gacchAmi - maiM saba sthAna para nahIM jAtA huuN| sUcanA - pAThaka yaha dekha sakate haiM ki kevala eka 'na' ( nakAra) ke upayoga se kitane naye upayogI vAkya bana gae haiN| aba 'ka' zabda kA upayoga dekhie1. kaH tatra gacchati - kauna vahAM jAtA hai ? 2. kaH sarvatra gacchati - kauna saba sthAna para jAtA hai ? 3. tatra kaH na gacchati-vahAM kauna nahIM jAtA ? 4. kaH sarvatra na gacchati - kauna saba sthAna para nahIM jAtA ? 5. kaH tatra asti - kauna vahAM hai ? 6. tatra kaH asti - vahAM kauna hai ? 7. asti kaH tatra - hai kauna vahAM ?

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pATha 2 nimnalikhita zabda yAda kIjie zabda gRham - ghara ko / nagaram - nagara ko / grAmam - gAMva ko / ApaNam - bAz2Ara ko / pAThazAlAm-pAThazAlA ko / udyAnam - bAg2a ko / vAkya 1. tvaM kutra gacchasi - tU kahAM jAtA hai ? 2. ahaM gRhaM gacchAmi - maiM ghara ko jAtA hUM / 3. saH kutra gacchati - vaha kahAM jAtA hai ? 4. saH grAmaM gacchati - vaha gAMva ko jAtA hai / 5. tvaM pAThazAlAM gacchasi kim - tU pAThazAlA ko jAtA hai kyA ? 6. saH udyAnaM gacchati kim-vaha bAg2a ko jAtA hai kyA ? 7. kiM saH grAmaM gacchati-kyA vaha gAMva ko jAtA hai ? 8. kiM tvam ApaNaM gacchasi - kyA tU bAz2Ara ko jAtA hai ? 9. yatra tvaM gacchasi - jahAM tU jAtA hai / 10. tatra ahaM gacchAmi - vahAM maiM jAtA hUM / 11. yatra saH gacchati - jahAM vaha jAtA hai 1 12. tatra tvaM gacchasi kim-vahAM tU jAtA hai kyA ? zabda yadA - jaba / kadA - kaba / sadA-sadA, hmeshaa| sarvadA-sadA, hmeshaa| sadaiva- hmeshaa| tadA-taba / aba nIce likhe hue vAkyoM ko yAda kiijie| yadi Apane pUrvokta vAkya yAda kie hoM to ye vAkya Apa svayaM banA sakate haiM vAkya 1. kadA saH nagaraM gacchati-kaba vaha nagara ko jAtA hai ? 2. yadA saH grAmaM gacchati-jaba vaha gAMva ko jAtA hai| 3. ahaM sadaiva pAThazAlAM gacchAmi - maiM hamezA pAThazAlA jAtA hUM 1 11

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4. saH sarvadA udyAnaM gacchati-vaha sadA bAga ko jAtA hai| 5. kiM tvaM sadA ApaNaM gacchasi-kyA tU hamezA vAz2Ara jAtA hai ? 6. ahaM sadaiva nagaraM gacchAmi-maiM hamezA nagara ko jAtA huuN| 7. yadA tvaM grAmaM gacchasi-jaba tU gAMva ko jAtA hai| 8. tadA'haM udyAnaM gacchAmi-taba maiM bAga ko jAtA huuN| 9. saH nagaraM gacchati kim-vaha nagara ko jAtA hai kyA ? 10. saH sarvadA grAmaM gacchati-vaha sadA gAMva ko jAtA hai| 11. kiM tvam udyAnaM gacchasi-kyA tU bAga ko jAtA hai ? . 12. ahaM sadaiva udyAnaM gacchAmi-maiM sadA hI bAga ko jAtA huuN| 13. tvaM kutra gacchasi-tU kahAM jAtA hai ? 14. tvaM kadA gacchasi-tU kaba jAtA hai ? 15. saH sadaiva gacchati-vaha hamezA hI jAtA hai| pUrvokta prakAra se ina vAkyoM ko bhI jora se bolakara dasa-dasa bAra uccAraNa karanA caahie| tatpazcAt saMskRta vAkya kI ora dekhakara (hindI ke vAkya ko dekhate hue) usako hindI kA vAkya banAnA caahie| tadanantara hindI kA vAkya dekhakara usako saMskRta vAkya banAnA caahie| isa prakAra karane se pAThaka svayaM kaI naye vAkya banA sakate haiN| aba kucha niSedha ke vAkya batAte haiM 1. ahaM gRhaM na gacchAmi-maiM ghara nahIM jAtA huuN| 2. saH grAmaM na gacchati-vaha gA~va ko nahIM jAtA hai| ' 3. tvaM pAThazAlA na gacchasi kim-tU pAThazAlA ko nahIM jAtA hai kyA ? 4. saH udyAnaM kiM na gacchati-kyA vaha bAga ko nahIM jAtA ? 5. kiM saH grAmaM na gacchati-kyA vaha gA~va ko nahIM jAtA ? . 6. kiM tvam ApaNaM na gacchasi-kyA tU bAz2Ara nahIM jAtA ? 7. tatra tvaM kiM na gacchasi-vahA~ tU kyoM nahIM jAtA ? 8. yadA saH grAmaM na gacchati-jaba vaha gA~va ko nahIM jaataa| 9. kaH sadA udyAnaM na gacchati-kauna hamezA bAg2a ko nahIM jAtA ? 10. saM. udyAnaM sarvadA na gacchati-vaha bAga ko hamezA nahIM jaataa| 11. tvaM tatra kiM na gacchasi-tU vahA~ kyoM nahIM jAtA ?. 12. saH tatra sadaiva na gacchati-vaha vahA~ hamezA hI nahIM jaataa| isI prakAra pAThaka svayaM vAkya banA sakate haiN|

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pATha 3 yadi Apane pUrva pATha ke vAkya tathA zabda acchI prakAra yAda kara liye hoM to aba nimnalikhita zabdoM ko yAda kIjie sAyam-zAma ko| praatH-praatHkaal| rAtrau-rAtri meN| zvaH-kala (AgAmI din)| prshvH-prsoN| divA-dina meN| madhyAhe-dopahara meN| ab-aaj| maH-kala (bItA din)| vAkya 1. tvaM kutra sadaiva prAtaH gacchasi-tU kahA~ hamezA hI prAtaHkAla jAtA hai ? 2. ahaM sadaiva prAtaH udyAnaM gacchAmi-maiM sadA hI prAtaHkAla bAga jAtA huuN| 3. saH sAyam udyAnaM gacchati-vaha sAyaMkAla bAga ko jAtA hai| 4. adya ahaM pAThazAlA na gacchAmi-Aja maiM pAThazAlA nahIM jAtA huuN| 5. tvam adya pAThazAlAM gacchasi kim-tU Aja pAThazAlA jAtA hai kyA ? 6. tvaM madhyAhne kutra gacchasi-tU dopahara ko kahA~ jAtA hai ? 7. ahaM madhyAhe grAmaM gacchAmi-maiM dopahara meM gA~va jAtA huuN| 8. saH divA nagaraM gacchati-vaha dina meM nagara jAtA hai| 9. ahaM rAtrau gRhaM gacchAmi-maiM rAtri meM ghara jAtA huuN| 10. tvaM yatra rAtrI gacchasi-jahA~ tU rAtri meM jAtA hai| 11. tatra ahaM divA gacchAmi-vahA~ maiM dina meM jAtA huuN| 12. tatra saH prAtaH gacchati-vahA~ vaha prAtaHkAla jAtA hai| zabda yadi-yadi, agara / trhi-to| gamiSyasi-tU jaaemaa| gamiSyati-vaha jaaegaa| ythaa-jaise| tthaa-vaise| kthm-kaise| gamiSyAmi-maiM jaauuNgaa|jaalndhrngrm-jaalndhr zahara ko| haridvAranagaram-haridvAra zahara ko| vAkya 1. yadi tvaM jAlandharanagaraM zvaH gamiSyasi-agara tU jAlandhara zahara ko kala jaaegaa| 2. tarhi ahaM haridvAraM parazvaH gamiSyAmi-to maiM haridvAra zahara ko parasoM jaauuNgaa| 3. yadi tvaM gamiSyasi tadA ahaM gamiSyAmi-jaba tU jAegA taba maiM jaauuNgaa| 4. yadi tvaM na gamiSyasi tarhi ahaM na gamiSyAmi-agara tU nahIM jAegA to maiM nahIM 113

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jaauuNgaa| 5. saH haridvAraM zvaH gamiSyati-vaha kala haridvAra jaaegaa| 6. saH zvaH prAtaH jAlandharanagaraM gamiSyati-vaha kala prAtaH jAlandhara zahara jaaegaa| 7. yatra saH zvaH gamiSyati-jahA~ kala vaha jaaegaa| 8. tatra ahaM parazvaH gamiSyAmi-vahA~ maiM parasoM jaauuNgaa| 9. tvaM parazvaH grAmaM gamiSyasi kim-tU parasoM gA~va jAegA kyA ? 10. na aham ava sAyaM nagaraM gamiSyAmi-nahIM, maiM Aja sAyaMkAla zahara jaauuNgaa| 11. yathA tvaM gacchasi tathA saH gacchati-jaise tU jAtA hai, vaise vaha jAtA hai| 12. kathaM tatra saH zvaH na gamiSyati-kaise vahA~ vaha kala nahIM jAegA ? 13. saH tatra zvaH gamiSyati-vaha vahA~ kala jaaegaa| ye vAkya dekhakara pAThakoM ko patA lagegA ki ve dainika vyavahAra ke nae vAkya svayaM banA sakate haiN| isIlie ve nae-nae vAkya jJAta zabdoM se banAne kA yatna kiyA kreN| aba niSedha ke vAkya dekhie1. saH sAyam udyAnaM na gacchati-vaha zAma ko bAga nahIM jaataa| 2. kaH madhyAhe pAThazAlA na gacchati-kauna dopahara meM pAThazAlA nahIM jAtA ? 3. ahaM rAtrau nagaraM na gacchAmi-maiM rAtri ko zahara nahIM jaataa| 4. kaH tatra divA na gacchati-kauna vahA~ dina meM nahIM jAtA ? 5. tvaM zvaH jAlandharaM na gamiSyasi kim-tU kala jAlandhara nahIM jAegA kyA ? 6. yathA tvaM na gacchasi tathA saH na gacchati-jaise tU nahIM jAtA vaise vaha nahIM jaataa| 7. kathaM saH na gacchati-kaise vaha nahIM jAtA ? 8. saH rAtrau kutra-kutra na gamiSyati-vaha rAtri meM kahA~-kahA~ nahIM jAegA ? 9. yatra-yatra tvaM gamiSyasi, tatra-tatra saH na gamiSyati-jahA~-jahA~ tU jAegA, vahA~-vahA~ vaha nahIM jaaegaa| pATha 4 'gam-(gaccha)' kA artha 'jaanaa'| parantu usase pUrva 'A' lagAne seAgam-usI kA artha 'AnA' hotA hai| jaise zabda gacchati-vaha jAtA hai| gacchasi-tU jAtA hai| gacchAmi-jAtA huuN| gamiSyati-vaha jaaegaa|

Page #16
gamiSyasi - tU jAegA / Agacchati- - AtA hai| AgacchAmi - AtA hU~ / AgamiSyasi - tU AegA / api-bhI / auSadhAlayam - davAkhAne ko / gamiSyAmi - maiM jAU~gA / Agacchasi - tU AtA hai I AgamiSyAmi - maiM AU~gA / AgamiSyati - vaha AegA / nahi - nahIM / ca - aura / vanam - vana ko, kUpam - kue~ ko / vAkya 1. yadA tvaM vanaM gamiSyasi - jaba tU vana ko jaaegaa| 2. tadA aham api AgamiSyAmi - taba maiM bhI AU~gA / 3. yadA tatra saH gamiSyati - jaba vaha vahA~ jaaegaa| 4. tadA tatra tvaM na AgamiSyasi kim - taba vahA~ tU na AegA kyA ? 5. ahaM prAtaH gamiSyAmi sAyaM ca AgamiSyAmi - maiM savere jAU~gA aura sAyaMkAla ko AU~gA / 6. kadA tvaM tatra gamiSyasi - tU vahA~ kaba jAegA ? 7. ahaM madhyAhne tatra gamiSyAmi - maiM dopahara ko vahA~ jAU~gA / bhakSayati- vaha khAtA hai / bhakSayAmi - maiM khAtA hU~ / phalam - phala ko / bhakSayiSyati - vaha khaaegaa| bhakSayiSyAmi - maiM khAU~gA / mudgaudanam - khicar3I | 8. yadi tvaM gamiSyasi - agara tU jAegA / 9. saH api na AgamiSyati - vaha bhI nahIM AegA / zabda bhakSayasi - tU khAtA hai / annam - anna ko / modakam - laDDU ko / bhakSayiSyasi - tU khAegA / odanam - cAvala ko / Amram - Ama ko / vAkya 1. saH annaM bhakSayati- vaha anna khAtA hai / 2. tvaM modakaM bhakSayasi - tU laDDU khAtA hai / 3. ahaM phalaM bhakSayAmi - maiM phala khAtA hU~ / 15

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16 4. saH odanaM bhakSayiSyati - vaha cAvala khaaegaa| 5. tvam AmraM bhakSayiSyasi - tU Ama khAegA / 6. ahaM mudgaudanaM bhakSayiSyAmi - maiM khicar3I khAU~gA / 7. yadi saH vanaM prAtaH gamiSyati - agara vaha vana ko prAtaHkAla jAegA / 4 8. tarhi AmraM bhakSayiSyati - to Ama khAegA / 9. ahaM tatra gamiSyAmi phalaM ca bhakSayiSyAmi - maiM vahA~ jAU~gA aura phala khAU~gA / 10. saH gRhaM gamiSyati modakaM ca bhakSayiSyati - vaha ghara jAegA aura laDDU khaaegaa| 11. kiM saH annaM bhakSayiSyati -kyA vaha anna khAegA ? 12. tathA tatra aham AmraM bhakSayiSyAmi - vaise vahA~ maiM Ama khAU~gA / 13. yathA saH odanaM bhakSayiSyati - jaise vaha cAvala khaaegaa| vibhaktiyAM aba kucha vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa dete haiM, jinako smaraNa karane se pAThakoM kI yogyatA bahuta bar3ha sakatI hai / saMskRta meM sAta vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM (ye hindI meM bhI haiM) / - 'deva' zabda ke sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa vibhakti ke rUpa devaH devam devena devAya vibhakti kA nAma 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paMcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI hindI meM artha deva (ne) deva ko devAt devasya deva ke dvArA (ne, se) deva ke lie ( ko ) deva se deva kA, kI, deva meM, deve para sambodhana [] deva he deva pAThaka dekha sakate haiM ki ina rUpoM kA bAtacIta karane meM kitanA upayoga hotA hai / ukta rUpoM kA upayoga karake aba kucha vAkya dete haiM 1. devaH tatra gacchati - deva vahA~ jAtA hai| 2. tatra devaM pazya' - vahA~ deva ko dekha / ' ke 1. ukta vAkyoM meM 'pazya' Adi zabda nae Ae haiM, unakA artha hindI ke vAkyoM ko dekhakara pAThaka jAna sakate haiM / artha dekhane ke lie 1, 2, 3, 4 aMka zabdoM ke Upara rakhe haiM /

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3. devena annaM dattam-deva ke dvArA anna diyA gyaa| 4. devAya phalaM dehi-deva ke lie phala de| 5. devAt jJAnaM labhate-deva se jJAna pAtA hai| 6. devasya gRham asti -deva kA ghara hai| 7. deve jJAnam asti-deva meM jJAna hai| sambodhana-he deva ! tvaM tatra gacchasi kim ?-he deva ! tU vahA~ jAtA hai kyA ? isa prakAra pAThaka vAkya banA skeNge| unako cAhie ki ve isa prakAra naye zabdoM kA upayoga karate rheN| aba ukta vAkyoM ke niSedha artha ke vAkya dete haiN| inakA artha pAThaka svayaM jAna sakeMge, isalie nahIM diyA hai| 1. devaH tatra na gcchti| 2. tatra devaM na pshy| 3. devena annaM na dttm| 4. devAya phalaM na dehi| 5. devAt jJAnaM na lbhte| 6. devasya gRhaM na asti| 7. deve jJAnaM na asti / sambodhana-he deva ! tvaM tatra na gacchasi kim ? pAThakoM ko dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki ye vAkya koI vizeSa artha nahIM rkhte| yahA~ itanA hI batAyA hai ki nakAra ke sAtha vAkya kaise banAe jAte haiN| inako dekhakara pAThaka bahuta-se nae vAkya banAkara bola sakate haiN| vAkya ahaM naiva gmissyaami| saH mAMsaM naiva bhkssyissyti| saH AnaM kadA bhakSayiSyati ? yadA tvaM modakaM bhakSayiSyasi / saH nityaM kadalIphalaM bhakSayati / devaH idAnI kutra asti ? devaH sarvatra asti| saH kadA AgamiSyati ? saH atra zvaH prAtaH aagmissyti| yatra-yatra ahaM gacchAmi, tatra-tatra saH nityam aagcchti| pATha 5 pUrvokta vAkyoM tathA zabdoM ko yAda karane se pAThaka svayaM kaI vAkya banAkara prayoga meM lA skeNge| hamane zabda tathA vAkya isa prakAra rakhe haiM ki vyAkaraNa kA bojha pAThakoM para na par3akara unake mana para vyAkaraNa kA saMskAra svayaM ho jAe aura ve svayaM vAkya banA skeN| isalie pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve pahalA pATha yAda kie binA AgAmI pATha prArambha na kareM, tathA jo-jo zabda pAThoM meM die hue haiM unase anyAnya [17]

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vAkya svayaM banAne kA yatna kreN| aba nIce likhe hue zabda yAda kIjienaktam-rAtri meN| nayati-vaha le jAtA hai| nayasi-tU le jAtA hai| nayAmi-maiM le jAtA huuN| neSyati-vaha le jaaegaa| neSyasi-tU le jaaegaa| neSyAmi-maiM le jaauuNgaa| nviinm-nyaa| srvm-sb| Anayati-lAtA hai| Anayasi-tU lAtA hai| AnayAmi-maiM lAtA huuN| AneSyati-vaha laaegaa| AneSyasi-tU laaegaa| AneSyAmi-maiM laauuNgaa| puraannm-puraanaa| vAkya 1. saH phalaM nayati-vaha phala le jAtA hai| 2. aham Amram AnayAmi-maiM Ama lAtA huuN| 3. tvam annam AneSyasi kiM-tU anna lAegA kyA ? 4. ahaM tatra gamiSyAmi-maiM vahA~ jaauuNgaa| 5. phalaM ca AneSyAmi-aura phala laauuNgaa| 6. tvaM zvaH kutra gamiSyasi-tU kala kahA~ jAegA ? 7. tvaM kadA AgamiSyasi-tU kaba AegA ? zabda jalam-jala / puSpam-phUla / apuupm-puudd'aa| sUpam-dAla / pustkm-pustk| kimrthm-kislie| lekhnii-klm| msii-syaahii| masIpAtram-davAta / vstrm-kpdd'aa| uttriiym-dupttttaa| vyartham-vyartha, ph'ijuul| vAkya 1. ahaM jalam AnayAmi-maiM jala lAtA huuN| 2. tvaM puSpam Anayasi-tU phUla lAtA hai| 3. saH vastraM tatra nayati-vaha vastra vahA~ le jAtA hai| 4. saH sadA nagaraM gacchati pustakaMca Anayati-vaha hamezA zahara jAtA hai aura pustaka lAtA hai| 5. saH aba AgamiSyati vastraMca neSyati-vaha Aja AegA aura kapar3A le jaaegaa| 18| 6. aham Amram AnayAmi-maiM Ama lAtA huuN|

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7. tvam apUpam Anayasi-tU pUr3A lAtA hai| 8. saH uttarIyaM nayati-vaha dupaTTA le jAtA hai| 9. kadA saH masIpAtraM pustakaM ca tatra neSyati-vaha davAta aura pustaka vahA~ kaba le jaaegaa| 10. saH sAyaM tatra masIpAtraM lekhanI ca neSyati-vaha zAma ko vahA~ davAta aura kalama le jaaegaa| 11. tvaM rAtrau haridvAraM gamiSyasi kim-tU rAtri meM haridvAra jAegA kyA ? 12. nahi, ahaM zvaH madhyAhe tatra gamiSyAmi-nahIM, maiM kala dopahara ko vahA~ jaauuNgaa| 13. ahaM gRhaM gamiSyAmi sUpaM ca bhakSayiSyAmi-maiM ghara jAU~gA aura dAla khaauuNgaa| isa samaya taka pAThakoM ke pAsa vAkya banAne kA bahuta sA masAlA pahu~ca cukA hai| pUrva pATha meM jaise 'deva' zabda kI sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa die the, vaise isa pATha meM 'rAma' zabda ke rUpa haiN| 'rAma' zabda ke rUpa vibhaktiyoM ke nAma zabdoM ke rUpa hindI meM artha 1. prathamA rAmaH rAma (ne) 2. dvitIyA rAmam rAma ko 3. tRtIyA rAmeNa rAma ke dvArA 4. caturthI rAmAya rAma ke lie, ko 5. paMcamI rAma se 6. SaSThI rAmasya rAma kA, kI, ke 7. saptamI rAme rAma meM, para sambodhana he rAma ! he rAma ! deva aura rAma ina do zabdoM ke rUpa yadi pAThaka bhalI prakAra smaraNa kareMge to ve nimna zabdoM ke rUpa banA skeNge| yajJadatta, Izvara, gaNeza, puruSa, manuSya, azva, khaga, pATha, dIpa, udaya, gaNa, samUha, divasa, mAsa, kaNa-ye zabda deva tathA rAma ke samAna hI calate haiN| inake rUpa banAkara thor3e-se vAkya nIce dete haiM 1. yajJadattaH gRhaM gacchati-yajJadatta ghara jAtA hai| 2. IzvaraH sarvatra asti-Izvara saba sthAna para hai| 3. he Izvara ! dayAM kuru-he Izvara ! dayA kro| 4. he puruSa ! dharma kuru-he puruSa ! dharma kro| 5. tatra azvaM pazya-vahA~ ghor3e ko dekh| rAmAt

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6. atra dIpaM pazya-yahA~ dIe ko dekh| 7. saH rAtrau dIpena pustakaM paThati-vaha rAtri meM dIe se pustaka par3hatA hai| 8. IzvareNa dhanaM dattam-Izvara ne dhana diyaa| 9. manuSyAya jJAnaM dehi-manuSya ko jJAna de| 10. azvAya jalaM dehi-ghor3e ke lie jala de| 11. dIpAt prakAzaH bhavati-dIpa se prakAza hotA hai| 12. IzvarAt jJAnaM bhavati-Izvara se jJAna hotA hai| 13. saH gaNasya IzvaraH asti-vaha gaNa (samUha) kA mAlika hai| 14. saH samUhasya IzaH asti-vaha samUha kA mAlika hai| 15. pustake jJAnam asti-kitAba meM jJAna hai| 16. mAse divasAH santi-mahIne meM dina hote haiN| 17. samUhe manuSyAH santi-samUha meM manuSya hote haiN| 18. AkAze khagAH santi-AkAza meM pakSI haiN| inake niSedha ke vAkya pAThaka svayaM banA sakate haiN| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve ukta zabdoM kI anya vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa banAkara unase bhI vAkya banAeM aura apanA abhyAsa kreN| vAkya 1. tatra AkAze khagaM pshy| 2. he devadatta ! yajJadattaH kutra gacchati ? 3. idAnIM yajJadattaH gRhaM gcchti| 4. zrIkRSNasya uttarIyam atra aany| 5. saH tatra vyarthaM gcchti| 6. saH puruSaH kimarthaM puSpam Anayati ? pATha 6 updeshkH-updeshk| karoti-vaha karatA hai| karomi-karatA huuN| paTaH-vastra, kpdd'aa| lvnnm-nmk| devdttH-devdtt| kRssnncndrH-kRssnncndr| karoSi-tU karatA hai| citram-citra, tsviir| puSpamAlAm-phUloM kI mAlA ko|

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vAkya 1. rAmacandraH pAThazAlAM gamiSyati lekhaM ca lekhiSyati-rAmacandra pAThazAlA jAegA aura lekha likhegaa| 2. satyakAmaH gRhaM gamiSyati madhuraM ca phalaM bhakSayiSyati-satyakAma ghara jAegA aura madhura phala khaaegaa| 3. ahaM vanaM gamiSyAmi puSpamAlAM ca kariSyAmi-maiM vana ko jAU~gA aura phUloM kI mAlA bnaauuNgaa| 4. harizcandraH kadA udyAnaM gamiSyati-harizcandra bAga kaba jAegA ? 5. saH zvaH tatra gamiSyati-vaha kala vahA~ jaaegaa| 6. devadattaH sarvadA udyAnaM gacchati puSpamAlAM ca karoti kim-devadatta hamezA bAga jAtA hai aura puSpamAlA banAtA hai kyA ? 7. yadi harizcandraH udyAnaM na gamiSyati-agara harizcandra bAga ko na jaaegaa| 8. tarhi devadattaH api na gamiSyati-to devadatta bhI na jaaegaa| zabda gcch-jaa| naya-le jaa| dhnm-drvy| vRkSam-vRkSa ko| kuru-kr| svIkuru-svIkAra kr| ekm-ek| dhautam-dhulA huaa| suutrm-suutr| aagcch-aa| Anaya-le aa| ruupykm-rupyaa| drvym-dhn| bhkssy-khaa| dehi-de| gRhaann-le| anyH-duusraa| vAkya 1. tvaM gRhaM gaccha, dhautaM vastraM ca Anaya-tU ghara jA aura dhoyA huA vastra le aa| 2. atra Agaccha madhuraM ca phalaM bhakSaya-yahA~ A aura mIThA phala khaa| 3. saH vanaM gacchati anyaM puSpaM ca Anayati-vaha vana ko jAtA hai aura dUsarA phUla lAtA hai| 4. eka rUpyakaM dehi-eka rupayA de| 5. atra Agaccha madhuraM dugdhaM ca gRhANa-yahA~ A aura mIThA dUdha le| 21

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6. udyAnaM gaccha phalaM ca bhakSaya-bAga ko jA aura phala khaa| 7. anyat vastraM dehi-dUsarA vastra de| 8. anyat pustakam Anaya-dUsarI pustaka le aa| 9. apUpaM dehi sUpaM ca svIkuru-pUr3A de aura dAla le| 10. mudgaudanaM dehi dugdhaM ca tatra naya-khicar3I de aura dUdha vahA~ le jaa| 11. atra tvam Agaccha svAdu phalaM ca dehi-yahA~ tU A aura mIThA phala de| 12. odanaM bhakSaya, yatra kutrApi ca gaccha-cAvala khA aura jahA~ cAhe jaa| pUrva do pAThoM meM 'deva' tathA 'rAma' ina do zabdoM kI sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke ekavacana ke rUpa die haiN| ekavacana vaha hotA hai jo eka saMkhyA kA bodhaka ho, jaise-chatram (eka chaataa)| 'chAtA' zabda se eka hI chAte kA bodha hotA hai| bahuta hue to unako 'chAte' kheNge| hindI meM eka saMkhyA ke darzaka vacana ko 'ekavacana' kahate haiN| eka se adhika saMkhyA kA bodhaka jo vacana hotA hai usako 'aneka' (bahu) vacana kahate haiN| jaise-chAtA (ekvcn)| chAte (anekvcn)| saMskRta meM tIna vacana haiN| eka saMkhyA batAnevAlA 'ekavacana' hotA hai| do saMkhyA batAnevAlA 'dvivacana' kahalAtA hai tathA tIna athavA tIna se adhika saMkhyA batAnevAle ko 'bahuvacana' kahate haiN| dvivacana tathA bahuvacana ke rUpa isa pustaka ke dUsare bhAga meM die gaye haiN| isa prathama bhAga meM kevala ekavacana ke hI rUpa die haiN| yadi pAThaka ekavacana ke hI rUpa dhyAna meM rakheMge to ve bahuta upayogI vAkya banA skeNge| isalie pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve ina rUpoM kI ora vizeSa dhyAna deN| aba kucha vAkya dete haiM 1. viSNumitrasya gRhaM kutra asti-viSNumitra kA ghara kahA~ hai ? 2. tasya gRhaM tatra na asti-usakA ghara vahA~ nahIM hai| 3. husainana dravyaM dattam-husaina ne dhana diyaa| 4. yajJadattaH kadA atra AgamiSyati-yajJadatta kaba yahA~ aaegaa| 5. phalasya bIja kutra asti-phala kA bIja kahA~ hai ? 6. pazya saH tatra na asti-dekha vaha vahA~ nahIM hai| 7. parvatasya zikharaM ramaNIyam asti-parvata kA zikhara ramaNIya hai| 8. pAThe zabdAH santi-pATha ke andara zabda haiN| 9. zabde akSarANi santi-zabda ke andara akSara haiN| .. 10. pustakaM tyaktvA gaccha-kitAba ko chor3akara jaa| 11. ekasya pustakam anyaH kathaM neSyati-eka kI pustaka dUsarA kaise le jaaegaa| 22

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12. manuSyasya balaM nAsti-manuSya kA bala nahIM hai| 13. bAlakasya mukhaM malinam asti-lar3ake kA mukha malina hai| 14. tasya mukhaM malinaM na asti-usakA mukha malina nahIM hai| 15. rAjapuruSasya AjJA asti-rAjyAdhikArI kI AjJA hai| pATha 7 pAThakoM ko ucita hai ki ve pratidina pUrva-pAThoM meM se bhI zabda yAda kiyA kareM tathA vAkyoM kI ora bAra-bAra dhyAna diyA kareM aura Ae hue zabdoM se anyAnya nae-nae vAkya banAte rheN| aisA prayatna karane se hI unakI isa devabhASA meM zIghra gati hogI anyathA nhiiN| aba nIce likhe zabda yAda kiijiekthy-kh| darzaya-dikhA, btaa| asti -vaha hai| asi-tU hai| asmi-huuN| sty-sccaaii| dayAm-dayA ko| sandhyAm-sandhyA ko| aagcch-aa| shRnnu-sun| bruuhi-bol| vd-kh| pshy-dekh| karma-kAma, kaary| pATham-pATha ko| vAkya 1. satyaM brUhi-satya bol| 2. udyAnaM pazya-bAg2a ko dekh| 3. dayAM kuru-dayA kr| 4. sandhyAM kuru-sandhyA kr| 5. satyakAmaH tatra asti-satyakAma vahA~ hai| 6. harizcaMdraH atra asti-harizcandra yahA~ hai ! 7. aham asmi -maiM huuN| 8. tvam asi-tU hai| 9. saH asti-vaha hai| 10. viSNumitraH kutra asti-viSNumitra kahA~ hai ? 11. pazya saH tatra asti-dekha, vaha vahA~ hai| 123

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12. nahi, nahi, saH tatra nAsti-nahIM, nahIM, vaha vahA~ nahIM hai| zabda dvAram-dvAra, drvaaj'aa| vaataaynm-khidd'kii| mukhm-muNh| pidhehi-banda kr| pib-pii| sthm-gaadd'ii| paatrm-brtn| udghaatty-khol| kpaattm-kivaadd'| netrm-aaNkh| vAkya 1. dvAram udghATaya pAtraM ca atra Anaya-daravAz2A khola aura baratana yahA~ le aa| 2. vAtAyanaM pidhehi jalaM ca piba-khir3akI banda kara aura jala pii| 3. ratham atra Anaya phalaM ca tatra naya-ratha yahA~ le A aura phala vahA~ le jaa| 4. pAtram atra na Anaya-baratana yahA~ na laa| 5. kathaM tvam anyat pAtram Anayasi-tU dUsarA bartana kyoM lAtA hai ? 6. aham anyat pAtraM na AnayAmi-maiM dUsarA bartana nahIM lAtA huuN| 7. ratham Anaya vanaM ca zvaH prabhAte gaccha-ratha le A aura vana ko kala savere jaa| 8. jalaM dehi modakaM dugdhaM ca svIkuru-jala de, laDDa aura dUdha le| 9. tvaM kutra asi-tU kahA~ hai| 10. aham atra asmi-maiM yahA~ huuN| 11. dhan dehi svAdu dugdhaM ca atra Anaya-dhana de aura svAdiSTa dUdha yahA~ le aa| 12. kapATam udghATaya puSpamAlAM ca tatra naya-kivAr3a khola aura phUloM kI mAlA vahA~ le jaa| 13. tvaM phalaM bhakSayasi kim-kyA tU phala khAtA hai ? 14. nahi, ahaM modakam AnaM ca bhakSayAmi-nahIM, maiM laDDU aura Ama khAtA huuN| 15. yadi tvaM ratham AneSyasi tarhi ahaM haridvAraM gamiSyAmi-agara tU ratha le AegA to maiM haridvAra jaauuNgaa| aba 'ratha' aura 'mArga' zabda ke sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke ekavacana ke rUpa dete ___'ratha' zabda ke rUpa 1. rthH-rth| 2. rathama-ratha ko| 'mArga' zabda ke rUpa maargH-maarg| mArgam-mArga ko|

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3. rathena-ratha dvArA, se| mArgeNa-mArga dvArA, se| 4. rathAya-ratha ke lie| mArgAya-mArga ke lie| 5. rathAt-ratha se| mArgAt-mArga se| 6. rathasya-ratha kaa| mArgasya-mArga kaa| 7. rathe-ratha meM, pr| mArge-mArga meN| (he) ratha !-he ratha ! (he) mArga !-he mArga ! zabda isI prakAra rAma, bAlaka, mRga, sarpa, sUrya, Ananda, AkAra, kumAra, lekha, daNDa ityAdi akArAnta pulliMga zabda calate haiN| jina zabdoM ke anta meM akAra kA uccAraNa hotA hai, unako akArAnta zabda kahate haiN| aba kucha akArAnta zabda dete haiM, jinake rUpa 'deva' yA 'rAma' zabdoM ke samAna hI hote haiN| indraH-rAjA, prmukh| arbhkH-ldd'kaa| graamH-gaaNv| crnnH-pair| nRpH-raajaa| prsaadH-mehrbaanii| muusskH-cuuhaa| rksskH-phredaar| rsH-rs| vtsH-ldd'kaa| vAsaH-rahane kA sthaan| vRkssH-drkht| samudraH-samudra, saagr| srpH-saaNp| svrH-aavaaj'| aacaaryH-guru| caurH-cor| jnH-lok| putrH-bettaa| vedaH-veda, jnyaan| dnnddH-sottii| mnussyH-mnussy| vAkya 1. arbhakaH rathaM pazyati-lar3akA gAr3I dekhatA hai| 2. nRpaH cauraM tADayati-rAjA cora ko pITatA hai| 3. saH rathena anyaM grAmaM zIghraM gacchati-vaha ratha se dUsare grAma ko jaldI jAtA 4. vRkSAt phalaM patati-per3a se phala giratA hai| 5. samudrAt jalam Anayati-samudra se pAnI lAtA hai| 1. shiighrN-jldii|

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26 6. AcAryaH dharmasya mArgaM ziSyAya' darzayati- guru dharma kA mArga ziSya ke lie darzAtA hai / 7. tasya vAsaH tatra bhaviSyati - usakA vahA~ rahanA hogA / 8. cauraH dhanaM corayati - cora dhana curAtA hai / 9. nRpaH janAn raJjayati - rAjA logoM kA raMjana (samAdhAna) karatA hai / 10. indraH svargasya rAjA asti-indra svarga kA rAjA hai 1 aba kucha vAkya nIce dete haiM jinheM pAThaka svayaM samajha sakeMge 1. putraH rasaM pibati' / 2. vatsaH rathaM na pazyati / 3. saH mArgeNa na gacchati / 4. kiM saH rathena grAmaM na gamiSyati / 5. yajJamitraH kadA tatra gamiSyati / 6. rathe nRpaH upaviSTaH / 7. manuSyeNa lekha likhitaH / 8. AcAryaH kadA AgamiSyati / 9. manuSyaH daNDena mUSakaM tADayati / 10. mArge tasya pustakaM patitam / 11. yathA tvaM gacchasi tathA rAmakRSNaH api gacchati / 12. yathA tvaM vadasi tathA saH na vadati / 13. tvaM kimarthaM phalaM na bhakSayasi / 14. saH idAnIM naiva grAmaM gamiSyati / 15. yathA nRpaH asti tathA eva vipraH asti / 16. yadA AcAryaH tatra gamiSyati tadA eva tvaM tatra gaccha / 17. tasya putraH pAtreNa jalaM pibati / 18. yaH pAtreNa jalaM pibati saH tasya putraH nAsti / 19. tarhi kaH saH / 20. saH AcAryasya putraH asti / zravaNAya -sunane ke lie / gamanAya - jAne ke lie / krIDanAya - khelane ke lie / paThasi - tU par3hatA hai| paTha - par3ha / pAnAya - pIne ke lie / bhakSaNAya - khAne ke lie / paThiSyati - vaha par3hegA / paThiSyAmi--maiM pddhuuNgaa| pATha 8 zabda darzanAya - dekhane ke lie| zayanAya - sone ke lie / paThati - vaha par3hatA hai| paThAmi - par3hatA hU~ / snAnAya - snAna ke lie / bhojanAya - bhojana ke lie / paThanAya - par3hane ke lie / paThiSyasi - tU pddh'egaa| likha-likha / 1. ziSyAya - zAgirda / 2. pibati - pItA hai| 3. upaviSTaH - baiThA hai / 4. likhitaH - likhA hai I 5. tADayati - pITatA hai| 6. patitam - girI hai /

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akArAnta puMlliMga zabda lekhH-lekh| paatthH-paatth| daityH-raaksss| paanthH-musaaph'ir| arthaH-paisA, dhn| krH-haath| krnn:-kaan| cndrH-caaNd| viprH-braahmnn| suuryH-suurj| dIpaH-dIpa, diiyaa| jn:-mnussy| smaajH-smaaj| mRgH-hirnn| vaanrH-bndr| astAcalaH-sUrya jahA~ DUbatA hai vaha divsH-din| pazcimI dizA kA phaadd'| svrg:-svrg| yatnaH-prayatna, purussaarth| kumaarH-ldd'kaa| paadH-paaNv| vedaH-rAjA, vidvaan| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve inake sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa 'deva' aura 'rAma' zabdoM ke samAna bnaaeN| 1. snAnAya jalaM dehi-snAna ke lie jala de| 2. paThanAya pustakam asti-par3hane ke lie pustaka hai| 3. bhojanAya annaM bhaviSyati kim-bhojana ke lie anna hogA kyA ? 4. bhakSaNAya phalaM dehi-khAne ke lie phala de| 5. tatra sUryaM pazya-vahA~ sUrya ko dekh| 6. viSNumitraH kumAram atra kimartham Anayati-viSNumitra lar3ake ko yahA~ kisalie lAtA hai ? 7. harizcandraH agni tatra neSyati kim-harizcandra kyA Aga ko vahA~ le jAegA ? 8. paThanAya dIpaM pustakaM ca atra Anaya-par3hane ke lie dIpaka aura pustaka yahA~ le aa| 9. prAtaH snAnAya gacchAmi-savere snAna ke lie jAtA huuN| 10. pAnAya madhuraM dugdhaM dehi-pIne ke lie mIThA dUdha de| 11. atra svAdu dugdham asti-yahA~ svAdiSTa dUdha hai| 12. kiM svAdu dugdham atra nAsti-kyA svAdiSTa dUdha yahA~ nahIM hai ? 13. snAnAya jalaM naya-snAna ke lie jala le jaa|

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zabda kimrthm-kislie| pazcAt-bAda meN| shiighrm-jldii| gatvA-jA krke| bhkssyitvaa-khaakr| kimrthm-kislie| satvaram-zIghra, jldii| parantu-parantu, lekin| ptthitvaa-pddh'kr| dRSTvA -dekhkr| adhunaa-ab| puurvm-phle| kRtvaa-krke| dtvaa-dekr| vicaary-sockr| idaaniim-ab| ev-hii| snAtvA-snAna krke| niitvaa-lekr| viloky-dekhkr| vAkya 1. tatra jalaM pItvA zIghram atra Agaccha-vahA~ jala pIkara jaldI yahA~ aa| 2. snAnAya jalaM datvA satvaram udyAnaM gaccha-snAna ke lie pAnI dekara zIghra bAga ko jaa| 3. tvam idAnIM paThasi parantu ahaM na paThAmi-tU aba par3hatA hai parantu maiM nahIM pddh'taa| 4. viSNumitraH karma kRtvA snAnaM kariSyati-viSNumitra kAma karake snAna kregaa| 5. tvaM pUrvaM gRhaM gatvA pazcAt snAnaM kuru-tU pahale ghara jAkara bAda meM snAna kr| 6. tatra snAnAya jalam asti kim-kyA vahA~ snAna ke lie jala hai ? 7. tatra snAnAya jalaM nAsti parantu atra asti-vahA~ snAna ke lie jala nahIM hai parantu yahA~ hai| 8. devadattaH bhojanaM bhakSayitvA pAThazAlAM gamiSyati-devadatta khAnA khAkara pAThazAlA __ko jaaegaa| 9. tvaM paThitvA zIghram Agaccha masIpAtraM ca dehi-tU par3hakara jaldI A aura davAta de| 10. modakaM bhakSayitvA tvaM kutra gamiSyasi-laDDU khAkara tU kahA~ jAegA ? 11. modakaM zIghraM bhakSaya pazcAt jalaM piba-laDDU jaldI khA, phira pAnI pii| 12. prAtaH vanaM gatvA sAyam AgamiSyAmi-savere vana ko jAkara zAma ko aauuNgaa| akArAnta puMlliMga zabda apraadhH-ksuur| upaayH-upaay| prvtH-phaadd'| jvrH-bukh'aar| 28

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kAmaH-icchA, kaamvaasnaa| vinyH-nmrtaa| bhRtyH-naukr| gunnH-gunn| mohaH-saMzaya, bhuul| vihgH-pkssii| dhuumH-dhuaaN| samAgamaH-sahavAsa, bheNtt| sammAnaH-mAna, aadr| lobhH-laalc| budhH-jnyaanii| kaasaarH-taalaab| saGga-muhabbata, saath| yodhaH-lar3anevAlA, shuur| mnorthH-icchaa| sainikaH-faujI aadmii| ina zabdoM ke rUpa 'deva' tathA 'rAma' ke samAna banate haiN| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve inake sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke ekavacana ke rUpa bnaaeN| aba inake rUpa banAkara kucha vAkya dete haiM 1. tena aparAdhaH kRtaH-usane aparAdha kiyaa| 2. saH parvatasya upari gataH-vaha pahAr3a ke Upara gyaa| 3. saH budhaH sAyam atra AgamiSyati-vaha jJAnI zAma ko yahA~ aaegaa| 4. ekaH vihagaH vRkSe asti taM pazya-eka pakSI darakhta para hai, usako dekh| 5. bhRtyaH tatra gataH-naukara vahA~ gyaa| 6. mama putraH adhunA pustakaM paThati-merA lar3akA aba kitAba par3hatA hai| 7. yodhaH yuddhaM karoti-yoddhA lar3AI karatA hai| 8. sainikaH tatra na asti-faujI vahA~ nahIM hai| 9. saH jvareNa pIDitaH asti-vaha bukhAra se pIr3ita hai| 10. guNaH sammAnAya bhavati-guNa Adara ke lie hotA hai| 11. kumArasya pustakaM kutra asti, darzaya-lar3ake kI kitAba kahA~ hai, dikhaa| 12. budhasya samAgamena tena jJAnaM prAptam-jJAnI ke sahavAsa se usane jJAna prApta kiyaa| aba nIce aise vAkya dete haiM jo ki bhASAntara binA hI pAThaka samajha jAe~ge (1) tvam idAnIm kiM tat pustakaM paThasi ? (2) tatra snAnAya zuddhaM jalam asti| (3) tava bhRtyaH kutra gataH ? (4) mama bhRtyaH ApaNaM gtH| (5) kimarthaM sa ApaNaM gataH ? (6) saH phalam annaM ca aanessyti| (7) ahaM phalam annaM ca bhakSayitum icchaami| (8) saH modakaM bhakSayitvA pAThazAlA paThituM gataH / (9) saH dine dine prAtaH snAnaM kRtvA vanaM gcchti| (10) saH tatra kiM karoti ? (11) saH vanaM gatvA sandhyAM kroti| (12) nRpaH atra aagtH| (13) budhaH idAnIm eva tatra gtH| (14) tasya manorathaH uttamaH asti| (15) saH snAnAya kAsAraM gcchti| (16) tatra kAsArasya jalaM svAdu asti| (17) tatra kUpasya jalaM svAdu naasti| aba hindI ke nimnalikhita vAkyoM kA saMskRta meM bhASAntara kIjie- 29

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(1) snAna ke lie jala de| (2) khAne ke lie anna de| (3) harizcandra kahA~ jAtA hai ? (4) harizcandra gA~va ko jAtA hai| (5) pIne ke lie mIThA dUdha de| (6) tU aba par3hatA hai, parantu maiM nahIM pddh'taa| (7) vahA~ snAna ke lie jala hai yA nahIM ? (8) usakA manoratha uttama hai| (9) vaha tAlAba ke pAsa snAna ke lie jAtA hai| (10) tere kue~ kA jala mIThA hai| pATha 9 zabda ziSyaH-ziSya, pddh'nevaalaa| daasH-naukr| bhaanuH-suury| guruH-pddh'aanevaalaa| bndhuH-smbndhii| putraH-putra, ldd'kaa| tvte-teraa| mm-meraa| tsy-uskaa| kRpA- dayA, mehrbaanii| svasA- bhin| maataa-maaN| pitA-pitA, baap| bhginii-bhin| tubhyam-tere lie| mahyam-mere lie| tasmai-usake lie| asmai-isake lie| vAkya 1. tava guruH kutra asti-terA guru kahA~ hai ? 2. idAnIM mama guruH tatra asti-aba merA guru vahA~ hai| 3. mama mAtA adya sAyaM vanaM gamiSyati-merI mAtA Aja zAma ko vana jaaegii| 4. adhunA mahyaM paThanAya pustakaM dehi-aba mujhako par3hane ke lie pustaka de| 5. tasya gRhaM kutra asti-usakA ghara kahA~ hai ? / 6. tava dAsaH grAmaM gamiSyati kim ?-terA naukara gA~va ko jAegA kyA ? 7. tava putraH kadA vanaM gamiSyati-terA putra kaba vana ko jAegA ? 8. mama bandhuH idAnIM pustakaM paThati-merA sambandhI aba pustaka par3hatA hai| 9. mama mAtA puSpamAlAM karoti-merI mAtA puSpamAlA banAtI hai| 10. tava pitA tava ca mAtA-terA pitA aura terI maataa| 11. pAnAya mahyaM jalaM dehi-pIne ke lie mujhe pAnI de| 12. snAtvA sAyam AgamiSyati-snAna karake zAma ko aaegaa| 30

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13. nahi, nahi, saH grAmaM gatvA rAtrau AgamiSyati-nahIM, nahIM, vaha gA~va jAkara rAtri ko aaegaa| zabda icchati-vaha cAhatA hai| icchasi-tU cAhatA hai| icchAmi-maiM cAhatA huuN| ptrm-ptr| zuddham-zuddha, saaph'| mArgaH-mArga, raastaa| kartum-karane ke lie| bhoktum-khAne ke lie| dAtum-dene ke lie| bhakSayitum-khAne ke lie| pAtum-pIne ke lie| paThitum-par3hane ke lie| likhati-vaha likhatA hai| likhasi-tU likhatA hai| likhAmi-maiM likhatA huuN| kuupm-kuaaN| auSadham-auSadha, dvaa| uttriiym-dupttttaa| lekhitum-likhane ke lie| svIkartum-svIkAra karane ke lie| gantum-jAne ke lie| Agantum-Ane ke lie| netum-le jAne ke lie| Anetum-lAne ke lie| vAkya 1. rAmacandraH pustakaM paThitum icchati-rAmacandra pustaka par3hane kI icchA karatA hai| 2. harizcandraH zuddhaM jalaM pAtum icchati-harizcandra zuddha jala pIne kI icchA karatA hai| 3. ahaM kUpaM gatvA snAnaM kartum icchAmi-maiM kue~ para jAkara snAna karanA cAhatA 4. tvaM zvaH prAtaH snAnaM kariSyasi kim-kyA tU kala prAtaH snAna karegA ? 5. nahi, ahaM zvaH prAtaH snAnaM kartum na icchAmi-nahIM, maiM kala savere snAna karanA nahIM caahtaa| 6. yadi prAtaH na kariSyasi tarhi kadA kariSyasi-agara savere nahIM karegA to kaba karegA ? 7. sAyaM kariSyAmi-zAma ko kruuNgaa| 8. tvam idAnIm paThitum icchasi kim-kyA tU aba par3hanA cAhatA hai ? 9. nahi, idAnIm ahaM phalaM bhakSayitum icchAmi-nahIM, aba maiM phala khAnA nahIM caahtaa| 31

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alaMkAraH - z2evara / chAtraH- ziSya / vyAdhaH- zikArI / snehaH - dostI / kapolaH - gAla / akArAnta puMlliMga zabda daNDaH - soTA | brAhmaNaH - brAhmaNa / stenaH - cora | varNaH - raMga | : - lahara ( pAnI kI) / taraGgaHnayanam - A~kha | pravAhaH -vega | AtapaH- dhUpa / puruSArthaH - prayatna / oSThaH - oTha / cAtakaH - papIhA / dvirephaH - bhramara, bhaMvarA / netram - A~kha / zakraH - indra | udyamaH - udyoga / upadezaH- upadeza / kukkuraH- kuttA / ina zabdoM ke rUpa 'rAma' aura 'deva' zabdoM ke samAna hI hote haiN| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve inake sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa banAeM aura unakA vAkyoM meM prayoga kareM / vAkya 1. tena karNe haste ca alaGkAraH dhRtaH - usane kAna meM aura hAtha meM z2evara dhAraNa kiyA hai| 2. mitreNa haste zvetaH daNDaH dhRtaH - mitra ne hAtha meM sapheda soTI pakar3I hai| 3. kumAreNa mukhe hastaH dhRtaH - lar3ake ne mukha meM hAtha DAlA hai / 4. kRSNaH hastena rAmAya phalaM dadAti-kRSNa hAtha se rAma ke lie phala detA hai / 5. atra jalasya pravAhaH asti- yahA~ jala kA vega hai I meM khar3A 6. saH puruSaH Atape tiSThati - vaha vyakti dhUpa 7. he mitra, jalasya taraGgaM pazya - dosta ! jala kI lahara ko dekha / hai I 8. saH sadA udyamaM karoti - vaha hamezA puruSArtha karatA hai / 9. AcAryaH upadezaM karoti-guru upadeza detA hai / 10. janaH mukhena vadati - puruSa mu~ha se bolatA hai / 11. kumAraH vyAghraM tADayati - lar3akA zera ko pITatA hai / 12. tasya kukkuraH annaM bhakSayati-u - usakA kuttA anna khAtA hai / 13. lokaH netrAbhyAM pazyati - manuSya A~khoM se dekhatA hai / 14. manuSyaH karNAbhyAM zRNoti manuSya kAnoM se sunatA hai / 32 15. chAtraH prAtar adhyayanaM karoti - vidyArthI savere paThana karatA hai| I

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aba kucha vAkya nIce dete haiM jinako pAThaka par3hate hI samajha jAe~ge / unakA hindI meM bhASAntara dene kI z2arUrata nahIM / 1. tena karNayoH alaGkAraH na dhRtaH / 2. bhRtyena haste daNDaH na dhRtaH / 3. kumAreNa haste modakaH dhRtaH / 4. kezavadattaH dhanaJjayAya dhanaM dadAti / 5. manuSyaH karNAbhyAM zRNoti netrAbhyAM ca pazyati / nimna vAkyoM kI saMskRta banAie 1. lar3akA zera ko pITatA hai| 2. merA bhAI aba yahA~ nahIM hai| jJAnam - jJAna vidyA / - vaha jAnatA hai / jAnAmi - maiM jAnatA hU~ / jAnAti - vijJAya - jAnakara / bho mitra - he mitra ! vyAyAmam - vyAyAma ko / utthAnam -- uThanA / dadAsi - tU detA hai jJAtum - jAnane ke lie| 1 zaucam - zauca, TaTTI | bhojanam - bhojana / pATha 10 zabda dAnam - dAna | jAnAsi - tU jAnatA hai / jJAtvA - jAnakara / jAtaH - ho gayA / uttiSTha-uTha / prakSAlanam - dhonA / dadAmi - detA hU~ / dadAti - vaha detA hai 1 prAtaH kAlaH - saverA / mukhaprakSAlanam - muMha, dhonA / kutaH - kyoM, kahA~ se / vAkya 1. bho mitra ! pazya, prAtaH kAlaH jAtaH- he mitra ! dekha, saverA ho gayA / 2. uttiSTha ! zaucaM kRtvA zIghra snAnaM kuru - uTha ! zauca karake jaldI snAna kara / 3. ahaM zaucaM kRtvA mukhaprakSAlanaM kariSyAmi - maiM zauca karake mu~ha dhoU~gA / 4. pazcAt snAnaM kRtvA sandhyAM kariSyasi kim - phira snAna karake sandhyA karegA kyA ? 5. nahi, ahaM pazcAt vyAyAmaM kRtvA snAnaM kartum icchAmi- nahIM, maiM bAda meM vyAyAma karake snAna karanA cAhatA hU~ / 33

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6. tathA kuru-vaisA kr| 7. snAnaM sandhyAM ca kRtvA pustakaM paThiSyAmi-snAna aura sandhyA karake pustaka pddhuuNgaa| 8. bho mitra ! kiM tvaM prAtar agnihotraM na karoSi-he mitra ! kyA tU savere agnihotra nahIM karatA ? 9. kutaH na karomi, sadA karomi eva-kyoM nahIM karatA ? hamezA karatA huuN| 10. pazcAt madhyAhe kiM kiM kariSyasi-phira dopahara ko kyA-kyA karegA ? 11. bhojanaM kRtvA paThanAya pAThazAlAM gacchAmi-bhojana karake par3hane ke lie maiM pAThazAlA jAtA huuN| 12. ahaM sarvadA pustakaM paThitum icchAmi-maiM hamezA pustaka par3hanA cAhatA huuN| zabda bhramaNAya-ghUmane ke lie| kimrthm-kislie| tiSThasi-tU ThaharatA hai, baiThatA hai| sthAsyati-vaha ThaharegA, baitthegaa| sthitaH-ThaharA huaa| piitH-piilaa| sthAtum-Thaharane ke lie| sthAsyAmi-ThaharU~gA, bailuuNgaa| . uttisstth-utth| dAnAya-dene ke lie| tiSThati-ThaharatA hai, baiThatA hai| tiSThAmi-ThaharatA hU~, baiThatA huuN| tiSTha-Thahara, baitth| raktam-lAla yA khuun| sthitvA-Thaharakara, baitthkr| sthAsyati-tU ThaharegA, baitthegaa| atha kim-aura kyA ? utthitaH-uThA huaa| vAkya 1. atra tvaM kimarthaM tiSThasi, vada-yahA~ tU kisalie ThaharatA hai, btaa| 2. idAnIm atra viSNumitraH AgamiSyati-aba yahA~ viSNumitra aaegaa| 3. pazcAt kiM kariSyasi-(tU) isake bAda kyA karegA ? 4. sAyaM bhramaNAya ahaM gamiSyAmi-zAma ko ghUmane ke lie jaauuNgaa| 5. dhanaM kimartham asti-dhana kisa prayojana ke lie hai ? 6. dhanaM dAnAya eva asti-dhana dAna ke lie hI hai| 7. udyAnaM gatvA tatra sthAtum icchAmi-bAga jAkara vahA~ baiThanA cAhatA huuN| 8. tatra sthitvA kiM kariSyasi-vahA~ baiThakara tU kyA karegA ? 34

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9. pustakaM paThituM patraM ca lekhitum icchAmi-pustaka par3hanA aura patra likhanA cAhatA 10. idAnIm eva udyAnaM gaccha raktaM puSpaM ca Anaya-abhI bAga jA aura lAla phUla le aa| 11. pItaM puSpaM na Anaya-pIlA phUla na laa| 12. atra zuddha jalam asti-yahA~ zuddha jala hai| 13. kimarthaM snAnam idAnIm eva na karoSi-snAna abhI kyoM nahIM karatA ? 14. idAnIm eva snAnaM kartuM na icchAmi-abhI snAna karane kI merI icchA nhiiN| akArAnta pulliMga zabda akSaH-pAMsA, juaa| anarthaH-kaSTa, duHkh| grnthH-pustk| prbhvH-utptti| paarthivH-raajaa| vindhyaH -eka prvt| shRgaalH-giiddd'| kpotH-kbuutr| meghH-baadl| siNhH-sher| AzramaH-Azrama, rahane kA sthaan| kopaH-krodha, gussaa| taapH-grmii| durg:-kilaa| varaH-vara, isstt| vaaysH-kauvaa| shukH-totaa| dehH-shriir| naagH-saaNp| yAcakaH-mA~gane vaalaa| jnkH-pitaa| sainikH-sipaahii| ina zabdoM ke rUpa bhI 'deva' aura 'rAma' zabdoM ke samAna hote haiN| pAThaka inake rUpa saba vibhaktiyoM meM banA sakate haiN| vAkya pAThaka ina vAkyoM ko par3hate hI samajha jAe~ge, isalie unake artha nahIM die 1. tena budhena granthaH likhtH| 2. parvate siMhaH asti| 3. nagare aya nRpaH aagtH| 4. saH sainikaH durgaM gmissyti| 5. yAcakaH mArge tisstthti| 6. tasya janakaH gRhe tisstthti| 7. tasya putraH pAThazAlAM gtH| 8. AkAze meghaH asti| 9. pArthivaH yuddhaM kroti| 10. nRpasya prasAdena tena dhana praaptm| 11. tena mitrasya gRhAt pustakaM aaniitm| 12. saH vanasya mArga pshyti| 13. AkAze sUryaH asti| 14. vane vRkSaH asti| 15. vRkSe khagaH asti| 35

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parIkSA pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve ina praznoM ke uttara dekara hI Age bddh'eN| agara ThIka uttara na de sakeM to pahale dasa pATha dubArA par3heM (1) nimna zabdoM ke sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke ekavacana rUpa likhiegrAma / caraNa / deva / nRp| maarg| rakSaka / raam| vRkSa / durg| grantha / Azrama / anrth| (2) nimnalikhita zabdoM kA paMcamI tathA SaSThI kA ekavacana likhie| isa prakAra kA uttara atizIghra likhanA cAhie naag| parvata / deha / din| kapola / kRssnn| siMha / lobha / vinaya / dhanika / khl| smaagm| (3) nimnalikhita vAkyoM ke artha kIjie (1) tvaM zvaH prAtaH snAnaM kariSyasi kim ? (2) tvam idAnIM paThitum icchasi kim ? (3) ahaM kAsAraM gatvA snAnaM kartum icchaami| (4) tvaM taM ratham aany| (5) anyat pustakam aany| (6) mudgaudanaM yAcakAya dehi / yAcakaH tatra mArge tisstthti| taM pshy| (7) atra tvaM zIghram aagcch| (8) saH sAyaM tatra pustakaM nessyti| (9) kadA saH AgamiSyati ? (10) saH zvaH prabhAte aagmissyti| . (4) nimna vAkyoM ke saMskRta vAkya banAie (1) vaha dupaTTA le jAtA hai| (2) maiM kala dopahara ko jaauuNgaa| (3) laDDU jaldI khA aura phira pAnI pI le| (4) devadatta bhojana khAkara pAThazAlA ko jaaegaa| (5) tU aba par3hatA hai, parantu maiM nahIM pddh'tii| (6) bAga ko jA aura phala khaa| (7) tU ghara jA aura dhoyA huA vastra le aa| pATha 11 aba dasa pATha ho cuke haiN| itane thor3e samaya meM pAThaka bahuta-se vAkya banAne meM samartha ho cuke hoNge| ve agara dhairya se aura vAkya banAte jAe~ge, to unakI saMskRta meM bAtacIta karane kI zakti svayaM bar3hatI jaaegii| saMskRta bhASA kI vAkya-racanA atyuttama hai| aMgrez2I tathA urdU ke samAna zabdoM ko nizcita sthAna para rakhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, dekhie ahaM modakaM bhkssyaami| ahaM bhakSayAmi modakam / modakaM bhakSayAmi ahm| modakaM ahaM bhkssyaami| bhakSayAmi ahaM modkm| bhakSayAmi modakam aham / 36

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ye saba vAkya zuddha haiM aura ina sabakA artha 'maiM laDDU khAtA hU~' hI hai| isIlie pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve sIkhe hue zabdoM ko yathAsambhava upayoga meM lAkara nae-nae vAkya bnaaeN| aba isa pATha meM koI nayA zabda nahIM diyA jA rhaa| pAThaka Aja koI nayA zabda yAda na kareM aura pichale pAThoM meM se koI vAkya yA zabda bhUla gaye ho to usako ThIka-ThIka smaraNa kareM / isa pATha meM pAThakoM ko aise vAkya die jAe~ge jinake zabdoM kA prayoga pahale ho cukA hai| yahA~ eka bAta smaraNa rakhanI cAhie ki manuSyoM ke nAma vAkya meM Ane se saMskRta meM koI naI racanA nahIM hotI / dekhie rAmacandraH vanaM gacchati - rAmacandra vana ko jAtA hai / viliyamaH vanaM gacchati - viliyama vana ko jAtA hai / muhammadaH vanaM gacchati - muhammada vana ko jAtA hai 1 arthAt bolane ke samaya pAThaka cAhe jisakA nAma vAkya meM rakhakara apanA Azaya prakaTa kara sakate haiM / saMskRta bhASA meM dUsarI AsAnI yaha hai ki liMga ke anusAra zabdoM kI vibhaktiyA~ isameM nahIM bdltiiN| jisa avasthA meM badalatI haiM usa kA varNana hama Age kreNge| isa samaya pAThaka yahI samajheM ki nahIM badalatIM / dekhie tasya lekhanI - usakI lekhanI / tasya pustakam - usakI kitAba / tasya phalam - usakA phala / tasya putraH - usakA lar3akA / pAThaka dekheMge ki hindI meM 'usakI, usakA' zabdoM meM jisa kAraNa 'kI, kA' yaha bheda huA hai, vaisA koI bheda saMskRta meM nahIM hai / isa kAraNa saMskRta ke vAkya banAnA hindI meM vAkya banAne se sugama hai / I vAkya 1. tvam adya gRhaM gantuM kimartham icchasi - tU Aja ghara jAne kI kyoM icchA karatA hai ? 2. adya mama pitA gRham AgamiSyati - Aja merA pitA ghara AegA / 3. saH kadA AgamiSyati, tvaM jAnAsi kim - vaha kaba AegA, tU jAnatA hai kyA ? 4. nahi ahaM na jAnAmi, parantu saH rAtrau AgamiSyati - nahIM, maiM nahIM jAnatA, parantu vaha rAtri meM AegA / 5. jAnasanaH idAnIM kiM karoti-jAnasana aba kyA karatA hai ? 37

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38 6. saH patraM likhati - vaha patra likhatA hai 1 7. dIvAnacandraH dhautaM vastram Anayati - dIvAnacandra dhoyA huA kapar3A lAtA hai| 8. rAmakRSNaH idAnIM dIpaM kutra nayati - rAmakRSNa aba dIyA kahA~ le jAtA hai ? 9. saH paThanAya dIpaM pustakaM ca nayati- vaha par3hane ke lie dIyA aura pustaka le jAtA hai / 10. kasya pustakam asti - kisakI pustaka hai ? 11. mama pustakam asti - merI pustaka hai| 12. tava vastraM nAsti kim-terA kapar3A nahIM hai kyA ? 13. satvaram atra Agaccha, pItaM puSpa ca pazya - zIghra yahA~ A aura pIlA phUla dekha / pUrva pAThoM ke akArAnta zabdoM meM rUpa banAne kA prakAra batAyA gayA hai| aba ikArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa banAne kA prakAra batAte haiM ikArAnta pulliMga 'ravi' zabda 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI raviH ravim raviNA vaye agniH - Aga / ariH - zatru / kaviH - kavi / ravi se (dvArA) ravi ke lie kheH ravi se rakheH ravi kA, kI, ke aau ravi meM, para sambodhana (he) rakhe he ravi agni, ari, ahi, udadhi, kavi ityAdi ikArAnta pulliMga zabda bhI isI prakAra calate haiN| patatriH - pakSI / zaniH - zani, tArA / pANiniH - vyAkaraNAcArya | 'ravi' zabda ke samAna hI inake ravi (sUrya) ravi ko zabda ahiH- sA~pa / udadhiH- samudra / :- bandara / bRhaspatiH - devatAoM kA guru / kapiHnRpatiH - rAjA / giriH - pahAr3a / ekavacana ke rUpa hote haiM /

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vAkya 1. raviH AkAze AgataH - sUrya AkAza meM A gyaa| 2. bAlakaH raviM pazyati - lar3akA sUrya ko dekhatA hai| 3. raviNA prakAzaH kRtaH - sUrya ne rozanI kI / 4. ravaye namaH kuru - sUrya ko namaskAra kara / 5. raveH prakAzaH bhavati-sUrya se prakAza hotA hai / 6. raveH prakAzaM pazya - sUrya kA prakAza dekha / 7. ravau prakAzaH asti - sUrya meM prakAza hai / aba nIce kucha aise vAkya hote haiM, jinheM pAThaka AsAnI se samajha jAe~ge / unakA hindI meM artha dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM / 1. tatra agniH asti / 2. narendraH agnim atra Anayati / 3. viSNumitraH agninA jalam uSNaM' karoti / 4. nRpatiH ariNA saha yuddhaM karoti / 5. kaveH kAvyaM paThAmi / 6. taM himagiriM pazya 7. himagireH gaGgA prabhavati / 8. kapiH vRkSe asti, taM pazya, kathaM saH mukhaM karoti / 9. tasya mukhaH kRSNaH asti / 10. bRhaspatiH AkAze uditaH' / 11. himagirau meghaH AgataH / 12. udaghau jalam asti / 13. tatra ahiH astiH ataH tatra na gcch| 14. pANininA vyAkaraNa' racitam / 15. patatriH AkAze gacchati / 16. pazya, kathaM saH patatriH AkAze gacchati / 17. yathA patatriH AkAze gacchati ? na tathA kapiH gacchati / nimna hindI vAkyoM ke saMskRta vAkya banAie 1. tU aba kyA par3hatA hai ? 2. terA naukara kahA~ gayA ? 3. maiM bAz2Ara jAtA huuN| 4. maiM phala aura anna khAnA cAhatA huuN| 5. rAjA A gyaa| 6. jJAnI abhI vahA~ gyaa| 7. mere kueM kA pAnI mIThA hai| 8. vaha bAg2a meM jAkara saMdhyA karatA hai / 9. modaka khA aura pAnI pii| 10. dekha, lar3akA kaisA daur3atA hai ! - 1. uSNam - grm| 2. saha- saath| 3. kAvyam -kavitA pustaka / 4. himagiriM - himAlaya / 5. prabhavati - utpanna hotA hai| 6. kRSNaH - kAlA / 7. uditaH - udaya huA / 8. vyAkaraNamvyAkaraNa ( grAmara ) / 9. racitam - rcaa| 39

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dhAvanam - daur3anA / dhAvati - vaha daur3atA hai / dhAvAmi-daur3atA hU~ / antarikSe - AkAza meM / zItam - ThaNDA / bhramaNam - ghUmanA / dhUmrayAnena - relagAr3I se / bubhukSA- bhUkha / uSNam - garama / pATha 12 zabda svIkaraNam - svIkAra karanA / dhAvasi - tU daur3atA hai / icchayA - icchA se | - zahara meM / nagare -: racanam - racanA | pazyasi - tU dekhatA hai / pazyAmi - dekhatA hU~ / pipAsA - pyAsa / vAkya 1. saH icchayA svIkariSyati - vaha icchA se svIkAra karegA / 2. prakAzadevaH udyAne vyarthaM dhAvati - prakAzadeva bAg2a meM vyartha daur3atA hai| 3. tvam idAnIM kimarthaM dhAvasi - tU aba kyoM daur3atA hai ? 4. aham adhunA dhAvAmi - maiM aba daur3atA hU~ / 5. antarikSe sUryaM pazyasi kim-kyA tU AkAza meM sUrya ko dekhatA hai ? 6. rAtrau sUryaM na pazyAmi - rAtri meM sUrya ko nahIM dekhatA / 7. vizvAmitraH bhramaNAya sAyaM gamiSyati kim - vizvAmitra ghUmane ke lie kyA zAma ko jAegA ? 8. saH tatra sthAtum icchati - vaha vahA~ ThaharanA cAhatA hai / 9. jAlandharanagare mama gRham asti - jAlandhara zahara meM merA ghara hai / 10. bho mitra ! tava gRhaM kutra asti - mitra, terA ghara kahA~ hai ? 11. mama gRhaM pezAvaranagare asti- merA ghara pezAvara zahara meM hai / 12. dhUmrayAnena tvaM tatra gamiSyasi kim - relagAr3I se vahA~ jAegA kyA ? 13. atha kiMm, dhUmrayAnena ahaM tatra parazvaH gamiSyAmi - aura kyA, relagAr3I se maiM vahA~ parasoM jAU~gA / 14. idAnIM pipAsA asti, mahyaM zItalaM jalaM dehi- aba pyAsa lagI hai, mujhe ThaMDA jala de / 15. adhunA bubhukSA na asti, annaM na dehi- aba bhUkha nahIM hai, anna na de| 40

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zabda kanyA-putrI, ldd'kii| kRsh-durbl| mitram-mitra, dost| pitRvyH-caacaa| pibasi-tU pItA hai| pibati-vaha pItA hai| pibAmi-pItA huuN| sNghaatH-smuuh| pAsyati-vaha piegaa| nAsti-nahIM hai| bhraataa-bhaaii| sNyogH-milaap| svsaa-bhin| jaamaataa-daamaad| avshym-avshy| noceta-nahIM to| sandhiH -sulaha, mitrtaa| naiv-nhiiN| pAsyasi-tU piegaa| spssttm-saaph'| vAkya 1. tava jAmAtA madhuraM dugdhaM rAtrau pAsyati-terA dAmAda rAtri meM mIThA dUdha piegaa| 2. ahaM rAtrau dugdhaM naiva pibAmi-maiM rAtri meM dUdha nahIM piitaa| 3. mama svasA uSNaM jalaM pibati-merI bahina garama pAnI pItI hai| 4. ahaM kadA api uSNaM jalaM pAtuM na icchAmi-maiM kabhI bhI garama jala pInA nahIM caahtaa| 5. tava bhrAtA madrAsanagaraM kadA gamiSyati-terA bhAI madrAsa zahara kaba jAegA ? 6. yadi tava pitA gamiSyati tarhi so'pi gamiSyati-agara terA pitA jAegA to vaha bhI jaaegaa| 7. nocet naiva gamiSyati-nahIM to, nahIM jaaegaa| 8. saH pItam uttarIyaM kadA Anayati-vaha pIlA dupaTTA kaba lAtA hai ? 9. bho mitra ! idAnIM pItaM vastraM na Anaya-he mitra ! isa samaya pIlA vastra na laa| 10. mama raktaM vastraM kutra asti, jAnAsi kim-merA lAla kapar3A kahA~ hai, jAnate ho kyA ? 11. atra dIpaH nAsti, na jAnAmi tava raktaM vastram-yahA~ dIyA nahIM hai, (maiM) terA lAla kapar3A nahIM jaantaa| 12. idAnI sAyaMkAlaH jAtaH, bhramaNAya gaccha-aba zAma ho gaI, ghUmane ke lie jaa| 13. tvaM kadA bhramaNaM kariSyasi-tU kaba bhramaNa karegA ? 14. ahaM prAtaH bhramaNAya gacchAmi, na sAyam-maiM savere ghUmane jAtA hU~, zAma ko nhiiN| 15. tvaM kadA api na Agacchasi-tU kabhI bhI nahIM AtA hai| 41

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ikArAnta pulliMga zabda bhuuptiH-raajaa| RssiH-Rssi| kSetrapatiH-kheta kA maalik| nRptiH-raajaa| prANapatiH-prANoM kA svaamii| prajApatiH-Izvara, raajaa| maarutiH-hnumaan| sumatiH-uttama buddhivAlA ytiH-tpsvii| muraariH-vissnnu| senApatiH-fauja kA bar3A aph'sr| vhniH-aag| muniH-tpsvii| durmatiH-burI buddhivaalaa| raashi:-ddher| vidhiH-daiva, brahmA, iishvr| vAlmIkiH-rAmAyaNa ke lekhaka kA naam| ye sava zabda pUrvokta 'ravi' zabda ke samAna hI calate haiN| namUne ke lie 'nRpati' aura 'muni' ke rUpa dete haiN| 1. nRptiH-raajaa| 1. muniH-muni 2. nRpatim-rAjA ko| 2. munim-muni ko| 3. nRpatinA-rAjA ne, dvaaraa| 3. muninA-muni ne, dvArA 4. nRpataye-rAjA ke lie| 4. munaye-muni ke lie| 5. nRpateH-rAjA se| 5. muneH-muni se| 6. nRpateH-rAjA kaa| 6. muneH-muni kaa| 7. nRpatau-rAjA meN| 7. munau-muni meN| ___ saM. he nRpate-he raajn| . saM. he mune-he muni| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve isa prakAra anyAnya zabdoM ke bhI rUpa banAe~ aura vibhakti dvArA unake artha kaise hote haiM, yaha dekheN| (1) kiM kSetrapatinA tava uttarIyaM na dattam ? (2) tasya gRhe adya yatiH aagtH| (3) durmatinA saha mitratAM na kuru| (4) sumatinA saha mitratAM kuru| (5) senApatiH sainyaM pshyti| (6) pazya kathaM saH muninA saha gcchti| (7) vAlmIkinA rAmAyaNaM rcitm| (8) rAmAyaNe rAmacandrasya caritam' asti| (9) tava bandhuH rAtrau eva uSNaM jalaM pivti| (10) uSNaM jalaM tasmai idAnIm eva dehi| (11) atra raktaM dIpaM zIghram aany| (12) nRpatiH adya bhramaNAya gmissyti| (13) tvam idAnIM yatra kutra api gcch| (14) viSNumitraH udyAnaM gatvA pazcAt gRhaM gmissyti| (15) yatra jagadIzacandraH gamiSyati tatra viSNudattaH api gamiSyati eva / (16) aham odanaM naiva bhkssyissyaami| (17) saH 42 | 1. critm-kthaa|

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dugdham eva pibati, kadApi annaM naiva bhakSayati / ( 18 ) saH vyarthaM tatra gataH, tasya pustakaM tatra nAsti / mandaH - susta / upari- Upara / madhye-bIca meM / vadAmi-bolatA hU~ / vadati - (vaha) bolatA hai / agadaH - davA | nIcaiH - dhIme / uktvA - bolakara / vadiSyasi - tU bolegA / pATha 13 zabda mUkaH - gUMgA / adhaH- nIce / zanaiH - AhistA, dhIre-dhIre / vadasi - (tU) bolatA hai / DiNDimaH - Dhola | uccaiH-uuNcaa| vaktum - bolane ke lie / vadiSyAmi - maiM bolU~gA / vadiSyati - vaha bolegA / vAkya 1. tvam upari gaccha, aham adhaH gamiSyAmi - tU Upara jA, maiM nIce jAU~gA / 2. na, aham upari tiSThAmi, tvam adhaH gaccha-nahIM, maiM Upara ThaharatA hU~, tU nIce jA / 3. bho mitra ! idAnIM zanaiH adhaH gaccha - he mitra ! aba dhIre-dhIre nIce jA / 4. saH sadA tatra tiSThati uccaiH vadati ca-vaha hamezA vahA~ baiThatA hai aura U~cA bolatA hai / 5. tvaM kiM sarvadA nIcaiH eva vadasi - tU kyA hamezA dhIme hI bolatA hai ? 6. ahaM sadA nIcaiH eva vaktum icchAmi - maiM hamezA dhIme hI bolanA cAhatA hU~ / 7. bho mitra ! tvaM madhye kimarthaM tiSThasi - mitra ! tU bIca meM kisa lie ThaharatA hai ? 8. ahaM jalaM pItvA rAtrau upari gamiSyAmi - maiM jala pIkara rAtri meM Upara jAU~gA / 9. ahaM rAtrau naiva jalaM pibAmi- maiM rAtri meM jala nahIM pItA / 10. kiM tvaM rAtrau uSNaM miSTaM ca dugdhaM na pAsyasi - kyA tU rAtri meM garama aura mIThA dUdha nahIM piegA ? 11. kutaH na pAsyAmi eva - kyoM nahIM pIU~gA / 43

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12. uttiSThaH idAnIM tasmai phalaM dehi-uTha, aba usako phala de| 13. phala svAdu nAsti, kathaM dAsyAmi-phala mIThA nahIM hai, kaise huuN| 14. yathA asti tathA eva dehi-jaisA hai, vaisA hI de| zabda iti-aisaa| pryntm-tk| vA-athavA, yaa| krIDAmi-maiM khelatA huuN| athvaa-yaa| krIDasi-tU khelatA hai| kiNvaa-yaa| krIDati-vaha khelatA hai| avshym-avshy| suSThu-ThIka, acchaa| varam-zreSTha, acchaa| kndukH-geNd| krIDiSyati-vaha khelegaa| krIDiSyasi-tU khelegaa| krIDiSyAmi-maiM kheluuNgaa| mdiiym-meraa| vAkya 1. devadattaH tatra krIDati-devadatta vahA~ khelatA hai| 2. saH tatra sAyaMkAle gatvA krIDiSyati-vaha vahA~ zAma ko jAkara khelegaa| 3. saH tatra prAtaH gamiSyati na vA-vaha vahA~ sabere jAegA yA nahIM ? 4. ahaM tatra sAyaMkAlaparyantaM sthAsyAmi-maiM vahA~ zAma taka tthhruuNgaa| 5. tvam avazyam Agaccha-tU avazya aa| 6. saH kandukena suSTu krIDati-vaha geMda se acchA khelatA hai| 7. saH na tathA suSTu krIDati yathA viSNumitraH-vaha vaisA acchA nahIM khelatA jaisA vissnnumitr| 8. satyam asti-satya hai| 9. yathA tvaM vadasi tathA eva asti-jaisA tU kahatA hai, vaisA hI hai| 10. rAtrau jalam upari nayasi na vA-tU rAtri meM jala Upara le jAtA hai yA nahIM ? 11. avazyaM neSyAmi, satyaM vadAmi-avazya le jAU~gA, satya bolatA huuN| 12. yadi tvaM satyaM vadasi neSyasi eva-agara tU saca bolatA hai to le jAegA hii| 13. varaM yathA, vadasi tathA kuru-acchA, jaisA bolatA hai, vaisA kr| 14. idAnIM bhojanaM kartum icchAmi, annam Anaya-aba bhojana karanA cAhatA hU~, anna le aa| 15. annaM nAsti, modakam asti-anna nahIM hai, laDDU hai| yahA~ taka pAThaka jAna cuke haiM ki akArAnta tathA ikArAnta pulliMga zabda kaise 44

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calate haiN| aba Apako ukArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa banAnA sIkhanA hai| AzA hai ki pahale kA jJAna na bhUlakara pAThaka Age pddh'eNge| ukArAnta pulliMga 'bhAnu' zabda ke rUpa 1. prathamA bhAnuH bhAnu (sUrya) 2. dvitIyA bhAnum bhAnu ko 3. tRtIyA bhAnunA bhAnu ne, dvArA 4. caturthI bhAnave bhAnu ke lie 5. paJcamI bhAnoH bhAnu se 6. SaSThI bhAnu kA 7. saptamI bhAnau bhAnu meM, para sambodhana he bhAno he bhAnu ikArAnta tathA ukArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke paMcamI tathA SaSThI ke ekavacana ke rUpa eka jaise hote haiN| pAThakoM ne yaha bAta 'ravi, nRpati, muni' zabdoM meM dekhI hogI tathA 'bhAnu' zabda ke rUpoM meM isa pATha meM spaSTa ho gaI hogii| paMcamI tathA SaSThI ke rUpa samAna hote haiM, isa kAraNa SaSThI ke sthAna para (,) aisA ciha diyA hai jisakA matalaba yaha hai ki yahA~ kA rUpa pUrva kI vibhakti ke samAna hI hai| AzA hai ki pAThaka isa vizeSatA ko dhyAna meM rkheNge| ukArAnta pulliga zabda bhaanuH-suury| guruH-adhyaapk| kaaruH-kaariigr| vissnnuH-vissnnudev| aNshuH-kirnn| truH-pedd'| sindhuH-samudra, ndii| mruH-registaan| shmbhuH-shivjii| shtruH-dushmn| jissnnuH-vijyshiil| mRtyuH-maut| RtuH-yjny| baahuH-bhujaa| sAdhuH-santa, mhaatmaa| laDDUH-laDDU, pedd'aa| zaGkuH-nukIlA pdaarth| zAntanuH-bhISma pitAmaha ke pitaa| snAyuH-puTThA, rg| ye saba zabda pUrvokta 'bhAnu' zabda ke samAna hI calate haiN| 45

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vAkya 1. guruH pAThazAlAM gacchati - adhyApaka pAThazAlA jAtA hai I 2. bhAnoH aMzuM pazya - sUrya kI kiraNa dekha | 1 3. sindhoH jalam Anayati - nadI se jala lAtA hai 4. marau deze jalaM nAsti - retIle deza meM jala nahIM hai / 5. mRtyave kiM dAsyasi - mauta ke lie kyA doge ? 6. zatruM pazyasi kim - duzmana ko dekhate ho kyA ? 7. zAntanuH rAjA AsIt - zAntanu rAjA thA / 8. zAntanunA RtuH samAptaH - zAntanu ne yajJa samApta kiyA / 9. zambhunA rAkSaso hataH- zivajI ne rAkSasa maaraa| 10. sAdhunA upadezaH kRtaH - sAdhu ne upadeza kiyA / 11. taroH phalaM patitam - per3a se phala girA / aba kucha aise vAkya dete haiM ki jinheM pAThaka svayaM samajha sakate haiMsaH taM mArgaM pRcchati / mRgaH mRgeNa saha gacchati / manuSyaH manuSyeNa saha na gacchati / sadA mUrkhaH mUrkheNa saha vadati / vAnaraH vane dhAvati / viSNuH sarvatra asti / IzvaraH sadA sarvaM pazyati / nRpaH rakSakaM vadati / saH nagarAt dhanam Anayati / vaziSThasya caraNaM pazya / bAlakAya modakaM dehi / brAhmaNAya dhanaM dehi / tasmai jalaM dehi / zambhuH rAkSasaM hanti / udyAne tarur (:) asti / zatruH grAme nAsti / kAruH gRhaM karoti / bhAnuH prakAzaM dadAti' / saH kadApi na tuSyati' / puSpam Anayati / puSpaM jale patitam / tasya putraH kUpe patitaH / tasya bAhuH zobhanaH asti / saH kandukena krIDati / tatra gatvA taM pazya / bAlakaH adhunA na AgataH / tvaM gaccha bhojanaM ca kuru / hindI ke nimna vAkyoM ke saMskRta vAkya banAie 1. vaha A~kha se dekhatA hai| 2. vaha bAlaka kaise gayA ? 3. bAlaka dhUpa meM gayA, usako yahA~ le A / 4. aba rAjA kahA~ hai ? 5. naukara ne hAtha meM sITI lii| 6. gA~va meM zatru haiN| 7. vaha phUla lAtA hai| 8. vahA~ jAkara dekha / 9. vaha durmati ke sAtha mitratA karatA hai / 10. jahA~ rAma jAegA, vahA~ kRSNa bhI jaaegaa| jahA~ maiM jAU~gA, vahA~ tU jA / 46 1. dadAti detA hai| 2. tuSyati - qhuza hotA hai| 3. zobhanaH - uttama /

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pATha 14 shrmH-ksstt| kutH-kislie| tADayati-vaha pITatA hai| tADayAmi-pITatA huuN| durblH-blhiin| prishrmH-mehnt| yad-jo ki| taaddyissyti-piittegaa| taaddyissyaami-piiddhuuNgaa| alpm-thodd'aa| zabda atH-islie| ytH-jislie| tADayasi-tU pITatA hai| jvaritaH-jvara se piidd'it| atiiv-bhut| etd-yh| . td-vh| taaddyissysi-piittegaa| kevalam-kevala, sirph'| nIrogaH-svastha, tndurust| vAkya 1. yajJadattaH kimarthaM na paThati-yajJadatta kyoM nahIM par3hatA ? 2. saH jvareNa pIDitaH asti, ataH na paThati-yaha jvara se pIr3ita hai, isa kAraNa nahIM pddh'taa| 3. kim etat satyamasti yat saH jvareNa pIDitaH asti-kyA yaha saca hai ki vaha ___ jvara se pIr3ita hai ? 4. artha kiM saH na kevalaM jvaritaH asti, parantu saH atIva durbalaH api asti-aura kyA, vaha na kevala jvaragrasta hai, parantu bahuta durbala bhI hai| 5. kiM saH annaM bhakSayati na vA ? kathaya-vaha anna khAtA hai yA nahIM ? btaa| 6. na bhakSayati parantu alpam alpaM dugdhaM pibati-nahIM khAtA, parantu thor3A-thor3A dUdha pItA hai| 7. kadA saH punaH nIrogaH bhaviSyati-vaha kaba svastha hogA ? 8. etad ahaM na jAnAmi-yaha maiM nahIM jaantaa| 9. saH kiM kiM vadati-vaha kyA-kyA bolatA hai ? 10. saH kimapi na vadati-vaha kucha bhI nahIM boltaa| 11. yadA saH punaH nIrogaH bhaviSyati-jaba vaha phira nIroga hogaa|

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12. tadA saH atra AgamiSyati eva-taba vaha yahA~ AegA hii| 13. pAThaM ca paThiSyasi-aura pATha pddh'egaa| zabda svapiti-vaha sotA hai| svapiSi-tU sotA hai| svapimi-maiM sotA huuN| daza-vAdane-dasa bje| dazaghaNTAsamaye-dasa bje| tadAnIm-usI smy| essH-yh| shobhn:-uttm| itihaasH-itihaas| khAdati-vaha khAtA hai| khAdasi-tU khAtA hai| khAdAmi-maiM khAtA huuN| bhavati-vaha hotA hai| bhavasi-tU hotA hai| bhavAmi-hotA huuN| dridrH-nirdhn| bhRtyH-sevk| meruH-meru prvt| vAkya 1. tvaM rAtrau kadA svapiSi-tU rAtri meM kaba sotA hai ? 2. ahaM dazaghaNTAsamaye svapimi-maiM dasa baje sotA huuN| 3. parantu vizvanAthaH tadAnIM na svapiti-parantu vizvanAtha usa samaya nahIM sotaa| 4. yadi saH na svapiti tarhi tadA saH kiM karoti-agara vaha nahIM sotA to kyA ___ karatA hai ? 5. saH tadAnIM pustakaM paThati atIva kolAhalaM ca karoti-taba vaha pustaka par3hatA ___ hai aura bahuta zora macAtA hai| 6. saH kimarthaM kolAhalaM karoti-vaha kolAhala kyoM karatA hai ? 7. saH uccaiH paThati ataH kolAhalaH bhavati-vaha U~ce se par3hatA hai isalie zora __ hotA hai| 8. kolAhalaM na kuru iti tvaM taM vada-zora na kara, tU usase kh| 9. saH prAtaH kiM pibati madhyAhe ca kiM bhakSayati-vaha savere kyA pItA hai aura dopahara meM kyA khAtA hai ? 10. saH prAtaHkAle dugdhaM pibati madhyAhe ca svAdu bhojanaM khAdati-vaha savere dUdha pItA hai aura dopahara ko svAdiSTa bhojana khAtA hai| 11. saH idAnIM taM kimarthaM tADayati-vaha aba usako kyoM pITatA hai ? 12. yataH saH na likhati-kyoMki vaha nahIM likhtaa| 4813. eSaH zobhanaH samayaH, bhramaNAya gacchAmi-yaha uttama samaya hai, ghUmane ke lie

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jAtA huuN| 14. saH daridraH asti, ataH dravyaM na dadAti-vaha nirdhana hai, isalie paisA nahIM detA ukArAnta zabdoM ke rUpa banAne kA prakAra pichale pAThaka meM A cukA hai| aba RkArAnta zabdoM ke rUpa isa pATha meM bnaaeNge| RkArAnta pulliMga 'dhAtR' zabda brahmA 1. prathamA dhAtA 2. dvitIyA dhAtAram brahmA ko 3. tRtIyA dhAtrA brahmA ne (dvArA) 4. caturthI dhAtre brahmA ke lie 5. paJcamI dhAtuH brahmA se 6. SaSThI dhAtuH brahmA kA 7. saptamI dhAtari brahmA meM, para sambodhana he dhAtaH ! he brahmA RkArAnta pulliMga zabda dhAtR-brahmA, vizvakartA, utpnnkrtaa| krtR-bnaanevaalaa| netR-le jaanevaalaa| zAstR-zAsana krnevaalaa| udgaatR-gaanevaalaa| gaatR-gaanevaalaa| nptR-potaa| gntu-jaanevaalaa| daatR-denevaalaa| vktR-bolnevaalaa| drsstt-dekhnevaalaa| shrotR-sunnevaalaa| bhoktR-khaanevaalaa| sraSTa-utpanna krnevaalaa| pAtR-rakSA krnevaalaa| dveSTa-dveSa krnevaalaa| dhyAtR-dhyAna krnevaalaa| vAkya 1. dhAtA sakalaM vizvaM racayati-brahmA saba vizva ko racatA hai| 2. dAtuH icchA kIdRzI asti-dAtA kI icchA kaisI hai ? 3. bhoktre modakaM dehi-khAnevAle ko laDDU de| 4. naptA bhojanaM na kRtam-pote ne bhojana nahIM kiyaa| 5. mama dveSTAraM pazya-mere dveSa karanevAle ko dekh|

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6. dhyAtA IzvaraM dhyAti-dhyAna karanevAlA Izvara kA dhyAna karatA hai| 7. mUSakaH dhAnyaM khAdati-cUhA dhAna khAtA hai| 8. vaktA satyaM vadati-bolanevAlA saca bolatA hai| 9. bhuvanasya kartAram IzvaraM kutra pazyasi-(tU) jagat ke kartA Izvara ko kahA~ dekhatA 10. ahaM bhuvanasya kartAram IzvaraM vande-maiM jagatkartA Izvara ko namaskAra karatA huuN| (1) tvaM taM grAmaM gacchasi ? (2) tvaM taM grAmaM kadA gamaSyisi ? (3) tvaM taM grAmaM kimarthaM na gacchasi ? (4) tvaM taM grAmaM gatvA kim AneSyasi ? (5) tvaM taM bahuzobhanaM grAmaM gatvA zIghram atra aagcch| (6) tvaM taM zobhanam udayapuranAmakaM nagaraM gatvA taM mitraM dRSTvA zIghram eva atra aagcch| (7) he dhAtaH ! tvaM bhuvanasya kartA asi, tvayA eva sarvam etat nirmitam / (8) brAhyaNAya dhanaM dugdhaM ca dehi| (9) brAhyaNaH atra eva asti| (10) tam atra aany| pATha 15 zabda sAdhuH-sAdhu, ph'kiir| dhAvati-vaha daur3atA hai| dhAvAmi-daur3atA huuN| kardame-kIcar3a meN| dukUlam-rezamI vstr| yjnyH-yjny| hasasi-tU ha~satA hai| vRddhH-buuddh'aa| baalH-ldd'kaa| vetnm-tnkhaah| dhAvasi-tU daur3atA hai| patitaH-gira gyaa| skhalitaH-phisala gyaa| aJjanam-suramA, aNjn| hasati-vaha ha~satA hai| hasAmi-maiM ha~satA huuN| yuvaa-jvaan| vAkya 1. saH kimarthaM hasati-vaha kyoM ha~satA hai ? 2. yataH viSNudattaH tatra kardame patitaH-kyoMki viSNudatta vahA~ kIcar3a meM gira gayA 3. kathaM saH kardame patitaH-vaha kIcar3a meM kaise gira par3A ? 4. saH pUrvaM skhalitaH pazcAt patitaH-vaha pahale phisalA aura phira gira gyaa|

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5. tvaM tathA dhAvasi kim, yathA ahaM dhAvAmi-kyA tU vaise daur3atA hai jaise maiM daur3atA 6. tvam api tathA na likhasi yathA viSNuzarmA likhati-tU bhI vaisA nahIM likhatA jaisA viSNuzarmA likhatA hai| 7. yadA tvaM paThasi tadA ahaM krIDAmi-jaba tU par3hatA hai taba maiM khelatA huuN| 8. saH kandukena varaM krIDati-vaha geMda se acchA khelatA hai| 9. yadA saH kandukena krIDati tadA saH dhAvati-jaba vaha geMda se khelatA hai, taba vaha daur3atA hai| 10. yadA saH dhAvati tadA ahaM hasAmi-jaba vaha daur3atA hai, taba maiM ha~satA huuN| 11. mahyam AnaM dehi-mujhe Ama deN| 12. kim adya tvam AnaM bhakSayiSyasi-kyA tU Aja Ama khAegA ? 13. adya kim asti-Aja kyA hai ? 14. adya uSNaM dinam asti ataH Amra na bhakSaya-Aja garma dina hai isalie Ama na khaa| 15. tarhi zItaM dugdhaM dehi-to ThaMDA dUdha de| 16. svIkuru, atra zItaM miSTaM ca dugdham asti-le, yahA~ ThaMDA aura mIThA dUdha hai| zabda khanati-(vaha) khodatA hai| khanAmi-khodatA huuN| rakSasi-tU rakSA karatA hai| bhUmim-z2amIna ko| gAm-gAya ko| svkiiyaa-apnii| kUpam-kUe~ ko| khanasi-(tU) khodatA hai| rakSati-vaha rakSA karatA hai| rakSAmi-maiM rakSA karatA huuN| vyrthm-vyrth| gaanm-gaanaa| parakIyA-dUsare kii| nrtnm-naacnaa| vAkya 1. tasya pitA atIva vRddhaH asti-usakA pitA bahuta bUr3hA hai| 2. parantu tasya bhrAtA yuvA asti-parantu usakA bhAI javAna hai| 3. saH bhUmim adya kimarthaM khanati-vaha bhUmi ko Aja kisalie khodatA hai ? 4. saH adya vyarthaM khanati-vaha Aja vyartha khodatA hai| 5. saH svakIyAM bhUmiM rakSati na vA-vaha apanI bhUmi kI rakSA karatA hai yA nahIM ? 6. saH svakIyAM gAm Anayati-vaha apanI gAya ko lAtA hai|

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7. saH gRhaM rakSati kim-vaha ghara kI rakSA karatA hai kyA ? 8. atha kim ! saH na kevala gRha rakSati-aura kyA ! vaha na kevala ghara kI rakSA karatA hai| 9. parantu udyAnam api varaM rakSati-paraMtu bAga kI bhI acchI taraha rakSA karatA hai| 10. saH tathA na rakSati yathA devapriyaH-vaha vaisI rakSA nahIM karatA jaisI devapriya karatA 11. devapriyaH atIva bAlaH asti-devapriya atyanta bAlaka (choTA) hai| 12. parantu bhadrasenaH yuvA asti-parantu bhadrasena javAna hai| 13. ataH saH prAtaH kAle suSTu dhAvati-isa kAraNa vaha prAyaH acchA daur3atA hai| 14. ahaM pazyAmi, devadattaH khanati iti-maiM dekhatA hU~ ki devadatta khodatA hai| 15. devadattaH kUpaM khanati-devadatta kuA~ khodatA hai| 16. pazya idAnIM saH tatra kathaM khanati-dekha, aba vaha vahA~ kaise khodatA hai| 17. saH jalapAnarthaM kUpaM khanati-vaha pAnI pIne ke lie kuA~ khodatA hai| pUrva pATha meM RkArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ko calAne kA prakAra batAyA gayA hai| isa pATha meM dubArA RkArAnta pulliMga zabdoM kA rUpa batAte haiN| __RkArAnta pulliMga 'pAlayitR' zabda 1. prathamA pAlayitA rakSaka 2. dvitIyA pAlayitAram rakSaka ko 3. tRtIyA pAlayitrA (rakSaka ke dvArA) 4. caturthI pAlayitre rakSaka ke lie, ko 5. paJcamI pAlayituH rakSaka se 6. SaSThI rakSaka kA 7. saptamI pAlayitari rakSaka meM, para sambodhana (he) pAlayitaH he rakSaka RkArAnta pulliMga zabda attR-khaanevaalaa| jnyaat-jaannevaalaa| vijnyaatR-jaannevaalaa| adhyetR-pddh'nevaalaa| nihantR-hanana krnevaalaa| vikret-becnevaalaa| kretR-khriidnevaalaa| avajJAtR-apamAna krnevaalaa| bhartu-poSaNa karanevAlA, pti| . bhetR-bheda krnevaalaa| hartu-haraNa krnevaalaa| corayitR-corI krnevaalaa| " 52

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stotR-stuti krnevaalaa| satkartu-satkAra krnevaalaa| saMskartu-saMskAra krnevaalaa| saMhartu-saMhAra krnevaalaa| vAkya 1. attA annam atti-khAnevAlA anna khAtA hai| 2. atre annaM dehi-khAnevAlA ko anna de| 3. jJAtrA jJAnaM jJAtam-jJAnI ne jJAna jaanaa| 4. jJAtre namaH kuru-jJAnI ke lie namaskAra kr| 5. nihantrA vyAghraH hataH-mAranevAle ne zera maaraa| 6. bhartuH sevA karttavyA-pati kI sevA karanI caahie| 7. stotuH stotraM zrRNu-stotA kI stuti sun| 8. dhAnyasya vikretA kutra gataH-dhAnya becanevAlA kahA~ gayA ? 9. adhyetre pustakaM dehi-par3hanevAle ko pustaka de| 10. azvasya kretA atra AgataH-ghor3e kA qharIdAra yahA~ aayaa| 11. azvasya corayitA nagare asti-ghor3e ko curAnevAlA zahara meM hai| 12. annasya saMskartA mama gRhe annaM saMskaroti-anna kA saMskAra karanevAlA mere ghara meM anna ko ThIka karatA hai| 13. vyAkaraNasya adhyetA adya na AgataH-vyAkaraNa adhyayana karanevAlA Aja nahIM aayaa| zabda dhuumH-dhuaaN| shaastrm-shaastr| yAmi-jAtA huuN| vasati-(vaha) rahatA hai| vasasi-(tU) rahatA hai| vasAmi-rahatA huuN| yAsi-(tU) jAtA hai| yAti-(vaha) jAtA hai| udkm-jl| gunnH-gunn| saMskRta vAkya yatra dhUmaH tatra agniH asti| ahaM taM grAmaM gacchAmi, yatra vedasya jJAtA vsti| tasmai gurave nmH| nRpatiH zAstrasya jJAne dravyaM ddaati| yasya buddhiH balam api tasya eva / zatru bhUpatiH jayati / ahaM sAyaM nagarAd bahiH gcchaami| tasya hastAt mAlA ptitaa| saH eva parvataH yatra vasiSThaH muniH vsti| vyAghrAt bhayaM bhvti| guroH jJAnaM bhvti| mRgaH vanAt vanaM gcchti|

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hindI ke nimna vAkyoM kA saMskRta meM anuvAda kIjie (1) U~Ta, U~ce na bol| (2) tU usa gA~va ko jaa| (3) usakA dhana de| (4) mujhe anna de| (5) maiM Upara ThaharatA huuN| (6) maiM garma jala kabhI nahIM piitaa| (7) uTha, mere guru ke lie phala laa| (8) aba tU khel| (9) Aja nahIM kheluuNgaa| (10) tU saca bolatA hai| pATha 16 zabda ysy-jiskaa| asy-iskaa| duurm-duur| srvsy-sbkaa| devasya-Izvara kaa| paadtraannm-juutaa| vaidyaH-vaidya, ddaakttr| ksy-kiskaa| kv-khaaN| niymH-niym| mitrasya-mitra kaa| nitaantm-bilkul| missttaannm-mitthaaii| vAkya 1. yasya pustakam asti tasmai dehi-jisakI pustaka hai, usI ko de| 2. etat kasya gRham asti-yaha kisakA ghara hai ? . 3. etat mama mitrasya gRham asti-yaha mere mitra kA ghara hai| 4. tvaM kathaM jAnAsi-tU kaise jAnatA hai ? 5. yad ahaM vadAmi tat satyam asti-jo maiM kahatA hU~, vaha saca hai| 6. tasya mAtA kiM vadati-usakI mAtA kyA kahatI hai ? 7. mama pAdatrANam Anaya-merA jUtA le aa| 8. kutra asti tava pAdatrANam-kahA~ hai terA jUtA ? 9. tatra asti, tat pazya-vahA~ hai, vaha dekh| 10. saH dUraM gacchati kim-vaha dUra jAtA hai kyA ? 11. saH miSTAnnaM bhakSayati-vaha miThAI khAtA hai| 12. asya lekhanI kutra asti-isakI kalama kahA~ hai ? 13. tvam idAnIM kiM likhasi-tU aba kyA likhatA hai ? 14. saH raktaM puSpaM pazyati-vaha lAla phUla dekhatA hai| 54

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karapaTTikA-roTI, phulkaa| kunnddlinii-jlebii| kvthikaa-kddh'ii| gRhAmi-letA huuN| gRhNAti-vaha letA hai| nvniitm-mkkhn| dugdhm-duudh| gRhaann-le| likh-likh| takram-chAcha, lssii| ddhi-dhii| vyaJjanam-sabjI, bhAjI, tarakArI gRhAsi-tU letA hai| daivm-bhaagy| ghRtm-ghii| suupm-daal| vada-bola, kh| durdaivam-durbhAgya, aaph't| vAkya 1. mahyam idAnIm eva karapaTTikAM dehi-mujhe abhI roTI de| 2. tvaM prAtaH takraM pibasi kim-kyA tU savere lassI pItA hai ? 3. saH prAtaH kuNDalinI bhakSayati-vaha prAtaH jalebI khAtA hai| 4. mahyaM kvathikAM dadAsi kim-mujhe kar3hI detA hai kyA ? 5. saH bhakSaNArthaM vyaJjanam icchati-vaha khAne ke lie sabjI cAhatA hai| 6. etat navanItaM gRhANa-yaha makkhana le| 7. ghRtaM tatra kimarthaM nayasi ? vada-ghI vahA~ kisalie le jAtA hai ? btaa| 8. ahaM bhakSaNArthaM ghRtaM dadhiM na nayAmi-maiM khAne ke lie ghI aura dahI le jAtA huuN| 9. yadi tvaM sUpam icchasi tarhi gRhANa-agara tU dAla cAhatA hai to le| 10. saH bahu vyaJjanaM bhakSayati, tat na varam-vaha bahuta sabjI khAtA hai, yaha acchA nhiiN| 11. vada, tvaM kutra gacchasi-bola, tU kahA~ jAtA hai ? pUrva pAThoM meM RkArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa banAne kA prakAra diyA hai| kaI RkArAnta zabdoM ke rUpa bhinna bhI hote haiN| vizeSa bhinnatA nahIM hotI, kevala eka rUpa meM bheda hotA hai RkArAnta pulliMga 'pitR' zabda 1. prathamA pitA pitA 2. dvitIyA pitA ko 55 pitaram

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3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI pitrA pitre pituH "" * pitari (he ) pitaH sambodhana pitA 'pitA' zabda meM aura 'dhAtA' zabda meM itanA hI bheda hai ki 'dhAtA' zabda kA dvitIyA kA ekavacana 'dhAtAram' hai aura 'pitA' zabda kA 'pitaram' hai, 'pitAram' nahIM / yahI vizeSatA nimna zabdoM meM hotI hai / pAThakoM ko ucita hai ki isa bAta ko smaraNa rakheM / bhrAtR-bhAI deva - devara | 'pitR' zabda ke samAna calanevAle RkArAnta pulliMga zabda pitA ne pitA ke lie, ko pitA se jAmAtR-dAmAda | zaMstR-stuti karanevAlA vAkya pitA kA pitA meM, para 5. bhrAtrA dhanaM dattam - bhAI ne dhana diyA / 6. jAmAtre vastraM dehi-dAmAda ke lie vastra de / nR - nara / savyeSTa - gAr3IvAna | 1. pitA putraM pazyati - pitA putra ko dekhatA hai / 2. putraH pitaraM pazyati - lar3akA pitA ko dekhatA hai| 3. pitrA putrAya vastraM dattam - pitA ne putra ko vastra diyA / 4. bhrAtA bhrAtaraM dveSTi - bhAI bhAI se dveSa karatA hai / 7. pitre namaH kuru-pitA ko namaskAra kara / isa prakAra pAThaka kaI vAkya banA sakate haiN| ukta vAkyoM ke viparIta artha ke vAkya 1. pitA putraM na pazyati / 2. putraH pitaraM na pazyati / 3. pitrA putrAya vastraM na dattam / 4. bhrAtA bhrAtaraM na dveSTi / 5. bhrAtrA dhanaM na dattam / 6. jAmAtre vastraM na dehi / nimna vAkyoM kI saMskRta banAie 1. vaha gA~va jAtA hai| 2. jahA~ tU jAtA hai, vahA~ maiM jAtA huuN| 3. kyA tU sadA bAg2a jAtA hai ? 4. tU kahA~ jAtA hai ? 5. vaha dina meM nagara jAtA hai aura rAta meM ghara jAtA hai| 6. harizcandra phala khAtA hai / 56

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nimna vAkyoM ke hindI-vAkya banAie 1. aham idAnIM phalaM naiva bhkssyaami| 2. harizcandraH pustakaM tatra nyti| 3. kimarthaM tvam apUpaM tatra nysi| 4. ahaM gRhaM gatvA nijadhautaM vastram aanessyaami| 5. brUhi yajJapriyaH kutra asti ? pATha 17 zabda shktiH-saamrthy| zaknomi-sakatA huuN| zaknoti-(vaha) sakatA hai| svabhASAm-apanI bhASA ko| cndrH-caaNd| AMglabhASA-aMgrez2I bhaassaa| navInam-navIna, nii| mAtRbhASA-mAdarI j'baan| nAraGgaH-saMtarA (phl)| shkyH-mumkin| zaknoSi-(tU) sakatA hai| vaktum-bolane ke lie| nAraGga-saMtarA kA vRkSa / saMskRtam-saMskRta bhaassaa| dezabhASA-dezI bhaassaa| puraannm-puraanaa| aasnm-aasn| vAkya 1. tvaM saMskRtaM vaktuM zaknoSi-tU saMskRta bola sakatA hai ? 2. nahi nahi, aham AMglabhASAM vaktuM zaknomi-nahIM nahIM, maiM aMgrez2I bola sakatA 3. kim etat varam astiyat tvaM svabhASAM vaktuM na zaknoSi-kyA yaha acchA hai ki tU apanI bhASA nahIM bola sakatA ? 4. kaH evaM vadati-kauna kahatA hai ? 5. tarhi saMskRtaM kiM na paThasi-to saMskRta kyoM nahIM par3hatA ? 6. ahaM paThAmi eva-maiM par3hatA huuN| 7. tvaM tatra gantuM zaknoSi kim-kyA tU vahA~ jA sakatA hai ? 8. saH krIDituM zaknoti-vaha khela sakatA hai| 9. ahaM lekhituM na zaknomi-maiM likha nahIM sktaa| 10. saH varaM lekhituM zaknoti-vaha acchA likha sakatA hai|

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11. saH navInaM pustakaM likhati kim-vaha naI pustaka likhatA hai kyA ? 12. tasya gRham atIva purANam asti-usakA ghara bahuta purAnA hai| 13. bho mitra ! etat AsanaM gRhANa-mitra ! yaha Asana le| zabda anRtam-asatya, jhuutth| priym-priy| alaGkAraH-bhUSaNa, j'evr| adhyaapkH-pddh'aanevaalaa| vktaa-bolnevaalaa| kirnnH-kirn| vRthaa-vyrth| apriym-apriy| bhv-ho| AcAryaH-guru, shikssk| tuussnniim-cupcaap| priyavAdI-priya bolnevaalaa| asatyavAdI-jhUTha bolnevaalaa| vAkya 1. kimartham anRtaM vadasi-tU kyoM asatya bolatA hai ? 2. ahaM kadApi asatyaM naiva vadAmi-maiM kabhI asatya nahIM boltaa| 3. saH vaktA sadA eva apriyaM vadati-vaha (bolanevAlA) sadA apriya bolatA hai| 4. kiM tvam alaGkAraM gRhAsi-kyA tU jevara letA hai ? 5. AcAryaH satvaram AgamiSyati-guru zIghra aaegaa| 6. saH adhyApakaH zIghraM na gamiSyati-adhyApaka zIghra nahIM jaaegaa| 7. satyaM priyaM ca vada-satya aura priya bol| 8. saH tatra tUSNIM tiSThati-vaha vahA~ cupacApa baiThA hai| 9. bAlakaH tUSNIM naiva tiSThati-bAlaka cupa nahIM rhtaa| 10. saH AcAryaH sadA pustakaM paThati-vaha zikSaka sadA pustaka par3hatA hai| 11. saH evaM vRthA vadati-vaha aisA vyartha bolatA hai| 12. saH priyavAdI AcAryaH kutra gataH-vaha priya bolanevAlA AcArya kahA~ gayA ? 13. saH anyaM nagaraM gacchati-vaha dUsare zahara ko jAtA hai| isa samaya taka pAThakoM ne a, i, u, R ye svara jinake aMta meM haiM, aise pulliMga zabda prayoga kA prakAra jAna liyA hai| aba kucha pulliMga sarvanAmoM ke rUpa dete haiM, jinako jAnane se pAThaka saMskRta meM aneka prakAra ke vAkya banA sakate 58 haiN|

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sarvaH akArAnta pulliMga 'sarva' zabda 1. prathamA saba 2. dvitIyA sarvam saMbako 3. tRtIyA sarveNa sabane (dvArA) 4. caturthI sarvasmai sabake lie 5. paJcamI sarvasmAt sabase 6. SaSThI sarvasya sabakA 7. saptamI sarvasmin sabameM ina rUpoM ko jAnakara pAThaka bahuta se vAkya banA sakate haiN| dekhie1. sarvaH janaH annaM bhakSayati-saba loga anna ko khAte haiN| 2. sarvaM dhanaM tasmai dehi-sArA dhana usako de| 3. sarveNa dravyeNa saH kiM karoti-sAre dhana se vaha kyA karatA hai ? 4. sarvasmai yAcakavargAya modakAn dehi-saba bhikSuoM ko laDDU de| 5. sarvasmAt grAmAt janaH AgataH-saba gA~va se loga Ae haiN| 6. sarvasya pustakasya kiM mUlyam asti-sArI pustaka kA kyA mUlya hai ? 7. sarvasmin granthe dharmaH pratipAditaH-sAre grantha meM dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isI prakAra nimna sarvanAma calate haiNanyH-duusraa| vishvH-sb| ekH-ek| kH-kaun| pAThaka inake rUpa banA sakate haiM aura vAkyoM meM prayukta kara sakate haiN| aba nIce kucha vAkya dete haiM, jo pAThaka par3hate hI samajha jaaeNge| 1. ekasmin divase ahaM tasya gRhaM gataH 2. anyasmin dine jagadIzarAjaH atra aagtH| 3. anyasya dhanaM na sviikuru| 4. devadattaH sarvaM dravyaM tasmai na dadAti kim ? 5. yadi ekasmAt grAmAt puruSaH na aagtH| 6. tarhi anyasmAt grAmAt saH katham AgamiSyati ? 7. ekasmin mArge yathA duHkham asti na tathA anyasmin mArge asti| 8. ataH anyena mArgeNa eva taM grAmaM gcch| 9. ekena guruNA eva sarvaM pustakaM pAThitam / 10. anyasmin pustake sA' kathA naasti| 1. dvAraM pidhehi| 2. pAtram idAnIM kutra nysi| 3. saH modakam AnaMca madhyAhe bhkssyti| 4. vRkSe mUSakaM pshy| 5. nRpatiH cauraM taaddyti| 6. yadA cauraH tatra gamiSyati tadA tvam api tatra eva gcch| 7. yathA tvaM dugdhaM pibasi tathA eva saH pibti| 8. svargasya dvAraM tena udghaattitm| 9. haridvAranagare yathA svAdu dugdhaM bhavati na tathA 1. duHkhm-tkliiph'| 2. paatthitm-pddh'aaii| 3. sA-vaha / 59

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amRtsre| 10. yathA vihagaH AkAze gacchati, tathA manuSyaH atra gcchti| 11. adya kumAraH kutra vartate ? pATha 18 zabda maarjnlepH-saabun| pryNkH-plNg| aalsym-aals| aanndH-aannd| Indhanam-lakar3I, iiNdhn| shaucm-shauc| uttiSThAmi-uThatA huuN| uttiSThasi-(tU) uThatA hai| pngkH-kiicdd'| suutrm-dhaagaa| havanArtham-havana ke lie| ih-yhaaN| iti-aisaa| uttiSThati-(vaha) uThatA hai| hvnkunnddm-hvnkunndd| yjnysaamgrii-hvn-saamgrii| vAkya 1. bho ziSya ! uttiSTha, AlasyaM na kuru-he ziSya ! uTha, Alasa na kr| 2. aham uttiSaThAmi, zaucaM snAnaM ca kRtvA havanArtham AgacchAmi-maiM uThatA hU~, zauca aura snAna karake havana ke lie AtA huuN| 3. zIghram uttiSTha tatra ca satvaram Agaccha-jaldI uTha aura vahA~ zIghra aa| 4. tatra havanArtham IndhanaM nAsti-vahA~ havana ke lie lakar3I nahIM hai| 5. yajJakuNDaM kutra asti-havanakuNDa kahA~ hai ? 6. ahaM na jAnAmi-maiM nahIM jaantaa| 7. tatra eva pazya zIghraM ca atra Anaya-vahA~ hI dekha aura zIghra yahA~ le aa| 8. bho mitra ! havanakuNDam aham AnayAmi, tvam Indhanam Anaya-mitra ! havanakuNDa ___maiM lAtA hU~, tU lakar3I le aa| 9. yajJasAmagrI atra asti-havana sAmagrI yahA~ hai| 10. snAnaM kRtvA eva havanaM karomi-snAna karake hI havana karatA huuN| 11. snAnaM sandhyAM ca kRtvA havanaM kuru-snAna aura sandhyA karake havana kr| 12. idAnI devadattaH sandhyAM karoti-aba devadatta sandhyA karatA hai|

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zabda Arabhe-maiM Arambha karatA huuN| Arabhate-vaha Arambha karatA hai| ehi-aao| maam-mujhe| AjJApayati-AjJA detA hai| AjJApayAmi-AjJA detA huuN| tm-usko| iti-aisA, yh| Arabhase-tU Arambha karatA hai| upAsya-upAsanA krke| kuzalaH-svastha, prviinn| kmblm-kmbl| AjJApayasi-tU AjJA detA hai| tvaam-tujhe| shubhm-acchaa| UrNAvastram-UnI kpdd'aa| vAkya 1. rAmacandraH idAnIM kuzalaH asti-rAmacandra aba svastha hai| 2. saH prAtaH eva sandhyAm upAsya bahiH gacchati-vaha savere hI sandhyA karake bAhara jAtA hai| 3. saH madhyAh Agacchati tadA bhojanaM ca karoti-vaha dopahara ke samaya AtA hai ___ aura taba bhojana karatA hai| 4. saH mAm AjJApayati-vaha mujhe AjJA detA hai| 5. ahaM tvAM na AjJApayAmi-maiM tujhako AjJA nahIM detaa| 6. saH taM kimartham AjJApayati-vaha usako kisalie AjJA detA hai| 7. saH taM kadApi na AjJApayati-vaha usako kabhI AjJA nahIM detaa| 8. ehi, pazya etat-A, isako dekh| 9. saH zubhaM karma idAnIm Arabhate-vaha aba zreSTha kArya Arambha karatA hai| 10. aham idAnIM saMskRtaM paThitum Arabhe--maiM aba saMskRta par3hanA prAraMbha karatA 11. tvam api kiM na Arabhase-tU bhI kyoM nahIM Arambha karatA ? 12. samayaH na asti, ataH na Arabhe-samaya nahIM hai, isalie nahIM Arambha krtaa| 13. tvam idAnIM kuzalaH asi kim-tU aba kuzalapUrvaka hai kyA ? 14. saH tatra gatvA bhUmi khanati-vaha vahA~ jAkara z2amIna khodatA hai| 15. tatra na gaccha iti saH tvAm AjJApayati-vahA~ (tU) na jA, aisI vaha tujhe AjJA detA hai|

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kam pulliMga meM 'kim' zabda ke rUpa 1. prathamA kauna 2. dvitIyA kisako 3. tRtIyA kena kisane 4. caturthI kasmai kisake lie 5. paJcamI kasmAt kisase 6. SaSThI kasya kisakA 7. saptamI kisameM zabda kasmin gtH-gyaa| mandiram-ghara, puujaasthaan| dadAti-(vaha) detA hai| bhavati-(vaha) hotA hai| bhavAmi-hotA huuN| gRhiitvaa-lekr| Alekhyam-citra, tsviir| aalikhy-likhkr| dadAsi-(tU) detA hai| bhavasi-(tU) hotA hai| mtvaa-maankr| bhuutvaa-hokr| vAkya 1. kaH tatra asti-vahA~ kauna hai ? 2. tvaM kaM pazyasi-tU kisako dekhatA hai ? 3. kena mArgeNa saH gataH-vaha kisa mArga se gayA ? 4. kasmai dhanaM dadAsi-kisake lie (ko) dhana dete ho ? 5. kasmAt grAmAt saH Agacchati-vaha kisa gA~va se AtA hai ? 6. kasya etat pustakam asti-yaha pustaka kisakI hai ? 7. kasmin pustake tat Alekhyam asti-kisa pustaka meM vaha tasvIra hai ? 8. kaH tatra na gacchati-vahA~ kauna nahIM jAtA ? 9. kasmai kAraNAya tvaM dhanaM na dadAsi-tU kisa kAraNa dhana nahIM detA ? 10. kasmin sthAne tasya pAThazAlA asti-usakI pAThazAlA kisa sthAna meM hai ? kiM kRSNaH mandiraM na gacchati ? adya kRSNaH mandiraM naiva gcchti| devadattaH yadi rAmacandrAya pustakaM na dadAti tarhi kasmai dadAti ? tvaM kutra gatvA idAnIm atra AgataH ? mitra, pazya, tasya, gRham atra eva asti| mama gRham atra naasti| tava vastraM mlinm| kaM praNamya saH AgataH ? saH guruM praNamya aagtH|

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nimna vAkyoM ke saMskRta-vAkya banAie he viSNudatta, tU kaba AegA ? maiM zAma ke samaya sandhyA karake vahA~ aauuNgaa| tU vahA~ kyoM nahIM jAtA ? batA, yadi tU jAegA to maiM avazya jaauuNgaa| vaha tumako pITatA hai| rAmacandra yajJadatta ke lie pustaka nahIM detaa| dekha, merA ghara kaisA acchA hai ! maiM ThaMDe pAnI se snAna karake aayaa| tU aba pustaka pddh'| maiM bhojana karake patra pduuNgaa| pATha 19 zabda msuuraaH-msuur| tilaaH-til| mnussyH-mnussy| purussH-mrd| klmH-lekhnii| mudgAH -muuNg| strii-strii| kRSNAH -kaale| yvaaH-jau| godhUbhAH-gehU~, knk| kaacH-shiishaa| tnnddulaaH-caavl| mASAH-mASa, udd'd| santi -haiN| ardhm-aadhaa| vAkya 1. saH puruSaH nagaraM gatvA jalam Anayati-vaha puruSa zahara jAkara jala lAtA hai| 2. tatra godhUmAH santi parantu yavAH na santi-vahA~ gehU~ hai parantu jau nahIM hai| 3. tilAH kRSNAH santi tathA eva mASAH api-tila kAle haiM, mASa bhI vaise hI 4. mASAH na tathA kRSNAH yathA tilAH-mASa vaise kAle nahIM, jaise til| 5. pazya, atra puruSaH asti-dekha, yahA~ AdamI hai| 6. atra puruSaH asti parantu strI nAsti-yahA~ puruSa hai parantu strI nahIM hai| 7. durgAdAsaH kiM karoti-durgAdAsa kyA karatA hai ? 8. bAbUrAmaH tatra tiSThati likhati ca-bAbUrAma vahA~ ThaharatA hai aura likhatA hai| 9. tava dUtaH lekhituM na zaknoti-terA dUta likha nahIM sktaa| 10. mama strI saMskRtaM vaktuM zaknoti-merI strI saMskRta bola sakatI hai| 63

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11. tatra upaviza, yatra bAlakaH svapiti-vahA~ baiTha, jahA~ bAlaka sotA hai| 12. atra bAlakaH nAsti-yahA~ bAlaka nahIM hai| 13. tarhi saH kutra asti iti ahaM na jAnAmi-to vaha kahA~ hai, yaha maiM nahIM jaantaa| 14. saH idAnIm upari asti-yaha aba Upara hai| 15. tvaM nIcaiH gaccha-tU nIce jaa| zabda tyajati-chor3atA hai| tyajasi-tU chor3atA hai| tyajAmi-chor3atA huuN| tyktvaa-chodd'kr| tyaktum-chor3ane ke lie| hastau-donoM haath| prakSAlayati-(vaha) dhotA hai| prakSAlayasi-(tU) dhotA hai| prakSAlayAmi-dhotA huuN| prakSAlayitum-dhone ke lie| prkssaaly-dho| mukhm-muNh| pAdau-donoM paaNv| prkssaalnm-dhonaa| ktthinm-skht| tyj-chodd'| prthmm-phle| jddH-muurkh| vAkya 1. saH hastau pAdau ca prakSAlayati-vaha hAtha aura pA~va dhotA hai| 2. ahaM vastraM prakSAlayAmi-maiM kapar3A dhotA huuN| 3. tvam idAnIM kiM prakSAlayasi-tU aba kyA dhotA hai ? 4. tvam idAnIm eva kimarthaM tat prakSAlayasi-tU abhI kisalie use dhotA hai| 5. aba sAyaGkAle jalam Anaya vastraM ca prakSAlaya-Aja sAyaMkAla jala lA aura vastra dho| 6. tvam anRtaM kimarthaM na tyajasi-tU jhUTha bolanA kyoM nahIM chor3atA ? 7. saH asatyaM zIghram eva tyajati-vaha asatya ko jaldI chor3a detA hai| 8. prathamaM hastau pAdau ca prakSAlaya-pahale hAtha-paira dho| 9. pazcAt bhojanaM kuru-bAda meM bhojana kr| 10. prAtar eva uttiSTha mukhaM ca prakSAlaya-savere hI uTha aura mu~ha dho| 11. saH prAtar uttiSThati, bahir gacchati, tatra mukhaM prakSAlayati-vaha savere uThatA hai, bAhara jAtA hai, vahA~ mu~ha dhotA hai| 12. saH uSNaM jalaM na pibati-vaha garama jala nahIM piitaa| | 13. ahaM zItaM jala na pibAmi-maiM ThaMDA jala nahIM piitaa|

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14. tvaM tatra gaccha vastraM ca prakSAlaya-tU vahA~ jA aura kapar3A dho| 15. jaDaH na paThati-mUrkha nahIM pddh'taa| 16. saH bAlakaH mUDhaH naiva asti-vaha bAlaka mUr3ha nahIM hai| pulliMga 'asmat' zabda aham 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI mAm mayA mahyam mat mama mayi mujhe maiMne, mujhase mere lie mujhase merA mujhameM, para zabda likhitvA, lekhitvaa-likhkr| hRtam-haraNa kiyaa| jAnAti-vaha jAnatA hai| jAnAmi-jAnatA huuN| . kartum-karane ke lie| praSTum-pUchane ke lie| militvaa-milkr| pAhi-rakSA kr| utthaay-utthkr| netum-le jAne ke lie| gantum-jAne ke lie| tpH-tp| jAnAsi-(tU) jAnatA hai| hartum-haraNa karane ke lie| Anetum-lAne ke lie| aalsym-sustii| Acarati-AcaraNa karatA hai| hantum-hanana (mArane) ke lie| hattum-zauca, pAkhAnA karane ke lie| Agantum-Ane ke lie| vettum-jAnane ke lie| vAkya 1. ahaM prAtrA saha grAmaM gacchAmi-maiM bhAI ke sAtha gA~va ko jAtA huuN| 2. mayA saha tvam api Agaccha-mere sAtha tU bhI aa| 3. mahyaM vastraM dehi-mere lie (mujhe) kapar3A de| 4. he Izvara ! mAM pAhi-he paramAtman ! merI rakSA kr|

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5. mama dhanaM tena hRtam - merA dhana usane curA liyA hai| 6. mat annaM gRhItvA tasmai dehi mujhase anna lekara use de / 7. mayi pAtakaM nAsti - mujhameM pApa nahIM hai / sugama vAkya taM muniM pazya / saH muniH prAtar eva uttiSThati / saH prAtar utthAya kiM karoti ? saH prAtar utthAya tapaH Acarati / yajJamitraH bhUmitrasya putraH asti / saH taM muniM praNamya atra Agacchati / saH muniH kasmAt sthAnAt atra AgataH iti tvaM jAnAsi kim ? saH muniH kasmAd grAmAd atra AgataH ahaM naiva jAnAmi, yajJamitraH jAnAti / he mitra, kiM tvaM jAnAsi ? saH muniH ayodhyAnagarAt atra AgataH / kadA AgataH iti ahaM na jAnAmi / saH sarvaM zAstraM jAnAti / pATha 20 isa samaya taka Apake unnIsa pATha ho cuke haiM, aura Apake pAsa nitya vyavahAra meM upayukta honevAle bahuta zabda A cuke haiN| agara Apane ye zabda yAda kara liye hoMge tathA pAThoM meM jo vAkya die haiM, unakI paddhati kI ora dhyAna dekara, una vAkyoM ko bhI acchI taraha yAda kara liyA hogA, to dainika vyavahAra meM upayogI kucha vAkya Apa banA sakeMge ! pratyeka pATha meM dasa-bIsa naye upayogI zabda Ate haiM aura jo pAThaka unakA upayoga kareMge ve jaldI saMskRta bola skeNge| Aja ke pATha meM koI nayA zabda nahIM diyA jA rahA, jo zabda aura vAkya pUrvokta unnIsa pAThoM meM A cuke haiM, unhIM ko Aja Apa dubArA yAda kIjie, tAki unheM bhUla na jAe~ ! agara Apa pichalA pATha bhUleMge to Age nahIM bar3ha skeNge| hama aise krama se vAkya dene kA yatna karate haiM ki zabdoM ko raTe binA hI ve yAda ho jaaeN| hamArA prayatna saphala hone ke lie ApakA dRr3ha abhyAsa bhI to Avazyaka hai| Apa nae saMskRta-vAkya banAne ke samaya Darate hoMge ki zAyada vAkya azuddha baneMge, parantu Apa aisA Dara mana meM na laayeN| Apake vAkya zuddha hoM athavA azuddha, koI bAta nahIM, Apa vAkya banAte jAie aura sAtha-sAtha hamAre die hue vAkyoM kI paddhati dhyAna meM rkhie| Apake vAkya dhIre-dhIre ThIka ho jAe~ge / isa pATha meM pahale Ae hue zabdoM meM se kaI nae vAkya die gae haiN| svayaM unako vizeSa dhyAna se pddh'ie| agara Apake sAtha par3hanevAlA koI nahIM hai, to Apa 166 svayaM hI U~ce svara se par3hate rahiye / tAtparya yaha hai ki Apake kAnoM ko saMskRta bhASA

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sunane kA abhyAsa ho jaae| kaI loga zabda tathA vAkya mana meM hI yAda karate haiM, yaha bar3I bhArI g2alatI hai| jaba taka bhASA sunane kA kAnoM ko abhyAsa na hogA, taba taka koI bhASA acchI taraha nahIM A sktii| isa kAraNa do vidyArthiyoM kA sAtha par3hanA bahuta lAbhakArI hotA hai tathA bolakara par3hane se bhI lAbha ho sakatA hai| aba Age likhe hue vAkya smaraNa kIjie vAkya 1. tatra zaGkaradAsaH gantuM zaknoti na vA- vahA~ zaMkaradAsa jA sakatA hai yA nahIM ? 2. saH tatra yadA gantum icchati tadA gacchati - vaha vahA~ jaba jAnA cAhatA hai, taba jAtA hai| 3. IzvaraH sarvatra asti - Izvara saba jagaha hai / 4. saH ApaNaM gatvA kuNDalinIm Anayati - vaha bAz2Ara jAkara jalebI lAtA hai / 5. yadA saH pATazAlAM na gacchati, tadA udyAnam api na gacchati - jaba vaha pAThazAlA nahIM jAtA, taba bAg2a bhI nahIM jAtA / 6. tvaM sadA kimarthaM nagaraM gacchasi - tU hamezA zahara kyoM jAtA hai ? 7. zvaH jAlandharanagaraM gamiSyati, devavrataM ca AneSyati - vaha kala jAlandhara AegA aura devavrata ko le AegA / 8. yadi jAnasanaH ghaTikAyantraM suSThu kariSyati tarhi aham AneSyAmi - agara jAnasana ghar3I ko ThIka kara degA to maiM le AU~gA / 9. tvam auSadhAlayaM kadA gamiSyasi auSadhaM ca kadA AneSyasi - tU davAkhAne kaba jAegA aura davA kaba lAegA ? 10. ahaM sarvadA phalaM bhakSayAmi, annaM kadApi naiva bhakSayAmi - maiM hamezA phala khAtA hU~, anna kabhI nahIM khaataa| 11. tasmai dhanaM vastraM annaM ca dehi-usako dhana, kapar3A aura anna de / 12. zIghraM ratham Anaya, ahaM bahiH gantum icchAmi - jaldI gAr3I le A, maiM bAhara jAnA cAhatA hU~ / 13. he dAsa ! dvAram udghATaya, ahaM Agantum icchAmi - are naukara ! daravAz2A khola, maiM AnA cAhatA huuN| 14. pAnArthaM mahyaM madhuraM dugdhaM dehi-pIne ke lie mujhe mIThA dUdha de 1 (1) tasmai phalaM na dehi / ( 2 ) yasmai tvayA annaM dattaM tasmai jalam api dehi / ( 3 ) yasmAt sthAnAt tvam adya AgataH tasmAt sthAnAt yajJadattaH api AgataH / (4) rAmadevaH tatra nAsti iti kaH vadati / (5) dharmadattasya etat pustakam asti / ( 6 ) tat somadattena tatra nItam / ( 7 ) kaH prathamam uttiSThati / ( 8 ) vizvAmitraH zIghraM vdti| 67

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parIkSA pAThakoM ke isa samaya taka bIsa pATha ho cuke haiN| yahA~ ucita hai ki pAThaka pUrva pAThoM ko dubArA par3hakara saba zabda tathA vAkya smaraNa kareM aura ina praznoM kA uttara dene ke pazcAt hI ikkIsaveM pATha ko prArambha kreN| prazna (1) nimna svaroM kI sandhi kIjiei+I A + o A +i u+ a a + e i+ A o + A ai+i (2) nimna zabdoM ko sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke ekavacana ke rUpa diijieraam| devdtt| graam| indr| nRpti| bhuupti| bhaanu| krtR| dhrtR| (3) nimna zabdoM ke paMcamI ke ekavacana rUpa likhienrpti| citrbhaanu| vasu / kim| asmad / bhoktR| daatR| rth| kvi| shmbhu| (4) nimna vAkyoM ke artha likhie 1. kiM tvam aya grAmaM na gacchasi ? 2. saH tatra gatvA kiM kiM karoti ? 3. ahaM rAtrI grAmA bahiH na gcchaami| 4. saH divA yatra kutra api bhrmti| 5. ahaM parazvaH haridvAraM gatvA gaGgAjalam aanessyaami| 6. parvatasya zikharaM ramaNIyaM naasti| 7. tena uttamaM pustakaM rcitm| 8. saH snAtvA paThati, paThitvA bhojanaM kroti| 9. raveH prakAzo bhvti| 10. nRpateH prasAdena tena dhanaM praaptm| 11. muninA modakaH na bhkssitH| 12. saH rAtrau bhojanaM na kroti| 13. senApatinA sainyam atra aaniitm| 14. vahinA sarvaM gRhaM dgdhm| 15. vAlmIkinA rAmAyaNaM racitam / 16. vyAsena mahAbhArataM likhitam / (5) nimna vAkyoM kA saMskRta meM anuvAda kIjie 1. vaha nagara kaba jAegA ? 2. aba tU kahA~ jAtA hai ? 3. bola, tU vahA~ kyoM nahIM jAtA ? 4. bhAI, tU vahA~ zIghra jaa| 5. jahA~ tU dina meM jAtA hai, vahA~ vaha rAtri meM jAtA hai| 6. vahA~ vaha parasoM kaise jA sakatA hai ? 7. tU aba vana ko jA, maiM nagara jAU~gA aura merA bhAI gA~va jaaegaa| 8. maiM ghara jaauuNgaa| 9. tU vahA~ jaldI jaa| 10. Aja viSNuzarmA A gyaa| 11. maiM parasoM snAna kruuNgaa| 68| 1. dgdhm-jlaa|

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rekhA - lakIra / siddham - taiyAra / vAyuH - havA | svabhAvaH- Adata / mArjAram - billI ko / AkAzaH- AkAza / pATha 21 lobhaH - lAlaca / zuddhaH - svaccha / nagare - zahara meM / veSaH - pahanAvA | azvam - ghor3e ko / tArakAH- tArAgaNa / vAkya 1. tava bhojanaM siddham asti iti tvaM jAnAsi kim-terA bhojana taiyAra hai, yaha tU jAnatA hai kyA ? 2. bho mitra ! ahaM na jAnAmi - mitra ! maiM nahIM jAnatA / 3. etat jJAtvA bhojanAya kathaM na AgamiSyAmi - yaha jAnakara bhojana ke lie kaise nahIM AU~gA / 4. prAtar eva uttiSTha vyAyAmaM ca kuru-savere hI uTha aura vyAyAma kara / 5. tvaM prAtaH vanaM kimarthaM gacchasi - tU savere vana ko kyoM jAtA hai ? 6. tatra prAtaH zuddhaH vAyuH bhavati-vahA~ savere zuddha vAyu hotI hai / I 7. kiM nagare zuddhaH vAyuH na bhavati-kyA zahara meM zuddha vAyu nahIM hotI ? 8. nagare zuddhaH vAyuH kadApi na bhavati - zahara meM zuddha vAyu kabhI nahIM hotI 9. tvam atra sAyaGkAlaparyantaM sthAtuM zaknoSi kim - tU yahA~ zAma taka Thahara sakatA hai kyA ? 10. saH atIva durbalaH jAtaH, ataH gantuM na zaknoti - vaha bahuta hI durbala ho gayA hai, isalie jA nahIM sakatA / 11. tvam idAnIM jvaritaH asi, ataH alpam annaM bhakSaya - tU aba jvara yukta hai, isalie thor3A anna khA / 12. saH kimarthaM mArjAraM tADayati-vaha billI ko kyoM mAratA hai ? 13. saH kadA nIrogaH bhaviSyati - vaha kaba svastha hogA ? 14. AkAze tArakAn pazya - AkAza meM tAre dekha / 15. bAlakaH vane krIDati kim-kyA bAlaka vana meM khelatA hai ? 69

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zabda astasamaye-sUrya DUbane ke smy| bhaanuH-suury| udayasamaye-udayakAla meN| udayate-ugatA hai| hsnm-hNsnaa| prtimaa-muurti| rjkH-dhobii| gRhiitvaa-lekr| dugdhapAnArtham-dUdha pIne ke lie| godugdham-gAya kA dUdha / nmnm-nmskaar| aalokcitrm-ph'ottograaph'| vAkya 1. eSa bhAnur AkAze udayate-yaha sUrya AkAza meM nikalatA hai| 2. yadA bhAnur udayate tadA AkAzaH rakto jAyate-jaba sUrya nikalatA hai taba AkAza lAla ho jAtA hai| 3. yathA udayasamaye tathA astasamaye api bhavati-jaisA udayakAla meM hotA hai, vaisA hI astasamaya meM bhI hotA hai| 4. bhadrasenaH atIva daridraH asti iti tvaM na jAnAsi kim-bhadrasena atyanta daridra hai, kyA yaha tU nahIM jAnatA ? 5. pazya, saH kimarthaM hasati-dekha, vaha kyoM ha~satA hai ? 6. ahamadaH mArge patitaH ataH saH hasati-ahamada sar3aka para gira par3A, isalie vaha ha~satA hai| 7. kim etad varam asti-kyA yaha ThIka hai ? 8. evaM hasanaM varaM naiva asti-isa prakAra ha~sanA ThIka nahIM hai| 9. idAnIM saH rajakaH vastraM kutra nayati-aba vaha dhobI vastra kahAM le jAtA hai| 10. rajakaH prAtar eva vastraM gRhItvA kUpaM gacchati-dhobI savere hI vastra lekara kue~ para jAtA hai| . 11. saH tatra gatvA vastraM prakSAlayati-vaha vahA~ jAkara vastra dhotA hai| 12. saH parakIyAM gAM kimarthaM gRham Anayati-vaha dUsare kI gAya kisalie ghara meM lAtA hai ? 13. dugdhapAnArthaM gAm Anayati-(vaha) dUdha pIne ke lie gAya lAtA hai| 14. godugdhaM tvaM pibasi kim-gAya kA dUdha tU pItA hai kyA ? 15. godugdhaM miSTaM bhavati ataH tad eva ahaM pibAmi-gAya kA dUdha mIThA hotA hai, 17 isalie vahI maiM pItA huuN| 10 16. zRNu, aya ahaM tatra naiva gamiSyAmi-suna, Aja maiM vahA~ nahIM jaauuNgaa|

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pulliMga meM 'yuSmat' zabda 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI tvam tvAm tvayA tubhyam tvat tava tvayi zabda tujhe tUne, tere dvArA tere lie, tujhe tujhase terA tujhameM, para sthAtum-baiThane ke lie| utthAtum-uThane ke lie| Asitam-baiThane ke lie| bhoktum-khAne ke lie| pAtum-pIne ke lie| svaptum-sone ke lie| jetum-vijaya pAne ke lie| vaktum-bolane ke lie| svIkartam-svIkAra karane ke lie| bhakSayitum-khAne ke lie| gaNayitum-ginane ke lie| corayitum-curAne ke lie| hasitum-ha~sane ke lie| paThitum-par3hane ke lie| mASTuMm-mA~jane ke lie| tADayitum-pITane ke lie| jAgaritum-jAgane ke lie| cintayitum-vicAra karane ke lie| draSTum-dekhane ke lie| smartum-yAda karane ke lie| vAkya 1. tvaM praSTuM gaccha-tU pUchane ke lie jaa| 2. tatra annaM bhoktuM gacchati-(vaha) vahA~ anna khAne ke lie jAtA hai| 3. ahaM jalaM pAtum atra AgataH-maiM jala pIne ke lie yahA~ AyA huuN| 4. IzvaradattaH svaptuM svagRhaM gataH-Izvaradatta sone ke lie apane ghara gyaa| 5. bAlakaH paThituM na icchati-bAlaka par3hanA nahIM caahtaa| 6. senApatiH jetum udyamaM karoti-senApati vijaya pAne ke lie udyoga karatA hai| . bam adhyApakasya samIpe taM prazna praSTuM gacchasi kim-kyA tU guru ke pAsa vaha prazna pUchane ke lie jAtA hai ? 8. AH ! viSNuzarmA tatra zIghraM gantuM dhAvati-are ! viSNuzarmA vahA~ jaldI pahuMcane - ke lie daur3atA hai|

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9. saH guru praNamya adhyayanaM karoti-vaha guru ko praNAma karake adhyayana karatA hai| sarala vAkya - 1. kiM tvaM tasya gRhe tiSThasi ? 2. aham AcAryasya samIpaM vedaM paThituM nityaM gcchaami| 3. tvaM tasmAt sthAnAt utthAtuM na icchasi kim ? 4. saH AsanAd utthAtum api na icchti| 5. tvaM kadA grAmaM gantum icchasi ? 6. ahaM vane gatvA vyAghraM hantum icchaami| 7. kena saha tvaM vanaM gamiSyasi ? 8. aham aba rAtrau saradAradilIpasiMhena saha vanaM gmissyaami| 9. kena dilIpasiMhena saha tvaM gantum icchasi ? 10. yaH dilIpasiMhaH amRtasaranagare nivsti'| 11. kasya saH putraH ? 12. saH saradArasiMhasya putraH jvAlAsiMhasya bhrAtA asti ? 13. aham api taM draSTum aagmissyaami| 14. devazarmA idAnI kutra gataH ? 15. yatra vizvadevaH gataH tatra eva devazarmA api gtH| 16. devadattaH puSpamAlAM gRhItvA dhaavti| 17. kimarthaM saH dhAvati ? 18. saH zIghraM gRhaM gantum icchati, ataH eva dhaavti| 19. tena dravyaM dattvA paThitam / 20. parantu mayA dravyam adattvA' eva ptthitm| 21. yadi saH vedaM paThati tarhi tvam api vedaM ptth| 22. prAtaHkAle utthAya Izvarasya smaraNaM' krtvym| 23. prAtaHkAle utthAya vidyA'bhyAsaH' kartavyaH / 24. prAtaHkAle abhyAse kRte vidyA satvaram aagmissyti| 25. vidyAM vinA vyartha jIvanam / 26. saH tatra gatvA AgataH kim ? ___1. kyA tU usake ghara meM rahatA hai ? 2. maiM guru ke pAsa veda par3hane ke lie hamezA jAtA huuN| 3. kyA tU usa sthAna se uThanA nahIM cAhatA ? 4. vaha Asana se uThanA bhI nahIM caahtaa| 5. tU kaba gA~va jAnA cAhatA hai| 6. maiM vana jAkara bAgha mAranA cAhatA huuN| 7. tU kisake sAtha vana jAegA ? 8. maiM Aja saradAra dilIpasiMha ke sAtha jAnA cAhatA huuN| 9. kauna se dilIpasiMha ke sAtha jAnA cAhate ho ? 10. jo amRtasara meM rahatA hai| 11. vaha kisakA lar3akA hai ? 12. devazarmA Aja yahA~ nahIM hai| 13. tU Upara jA, maiM nIce jAtA huuN| 14. jalebiyA~ jaldI le aa| | 721. nivasati-rahatA hai| 2. bhraataa-bhaaii| 3. draSTum-dekhane ke lie| 4. adattvA-na dekr|

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smRtvA - smaraNa karake / sadAcAraH- sadAcAra / smarati - va - vaha smarAmi - smaraNa karatA hU~ / pATha 22 smaraNa karatA hai / sthAna- jagaha / viSaye - viSaya meM / smariSyati - vaha smaraNa karegA / smariSyAmi - smaraNa karU~gA / zabda jJAnam - jJAna zRGgaveram - adaraka / smarasi - tU smaraNa karatA hai| gaNayati - vaha ginatA hai| sakalam - sampUrNa / zAstrasya - zAstra kA / corayati - vaha curAtA hai / vAkya 1. saH smRtvA vadati - vaha smaraNa karake bolatA hai / 2. yasya jJAnaM nAsti tasmin viSaye saH kimarthaM vadati - jisakA jJAna nahIM hai, usa viSaya meM vaha kyoM bolatA hai ? 3. sadAcAraH eva dharmaH asti- sadAcAra hI dharma hai| 4. zRGgaveraM tvaM bhakSayasi kim - kyA tU adaraka khAtA hai ? 5. devadattasya sthAnaM tvaM jAnAsi kim-devadatta kA sthAna tU jAnatA hai kyA ? 6. idAnIM tu na jAnAmi - aba to nahIM jAnatA / 7. parantu smRtvA vadiSyAmi - parantu smaraNa karake batAU~gA / 8. tasya gRham atIva dUram asti - usakA ghara bahuta dUra hai / 9. tatra tvam idAnIM kimarthaM gantum icchasi - vahA~ tU aba kyoM jAnA cAhatA hai ? 10. saH zAstrasya sarvaM jJAnaM jAnAti - vaha zAstra kA saba jJAna jAnatA hai 11. yadi svaM tad jJAtum icchasi tarhi Agaccha - agara tU use jAnanA cAhatA hai, to 1 A / 12. tvaM ghRtaM kathaM pibasi - tU ghI kaise pItA hai ? 13. ahaM tu na pAtuM zaknomi - maiM to nahIM pI sakatA / 14. pazya ahaM kathaM pibAmi - dekha, maiM kaise pItA hU~ / 1. smaraNam - yAda / 2. vidyAbhyAsaH - pddh'naa| 3. abhyAse kRte - abhyAsa karane pr| 4. vyarthaM jIvanam - z2indagI vyartha hai / 73

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ripuH - zatru / hastaH- hAtha / ' mAlinyam - malInatA / vikrIya - becakara | krINAsi - tU kharIdatA hai / Alokayati - vaha dekhatA hai| cet-yadi / vA-athavA / zabda - pasanda hai 1 kezaH - keza / rocate - mASavaTI - kacaurI | krINati - vaha qharIdatA hai / krINAmi - qharIdatA hU~ / vAkya 1. mAlinyaM varaM nAsti-malinatA acchI nahIM hai| 2. tasya kezAH atIva kRSNAH santi- usake bAla bahuta kAle haiM / 3. yadi rocate tarhi gRhANa - agara pasanda haiM to le / kRSNaH - kAlA / mA- nahIM / vilokayati - vaha dekhatA hai| 4. na rocate cet mA kuru - yadi pasanda nahIM hai (to) na kara / 5. kiM krINAsi puSpaM phalaM vA- kyA kharIdate ho phUla yA phala ? 6. na aham idAnIM puSpaM krINAmi nApi phalam - na maiM aba phUla kharIdatA hU~ na hI phala / 7. tarhi kimartham atra mArge tiSThasi - to tU kyoM yahA~ mArga meM ThaharatA hai ? 8. mama mitram idAnIm atra AgamiSyati - merA mitra aba yahA~ AegA / 9. saH kim AneSyati - vaha kyA lAegA ? 10. saH idAnIM mASavaTIH bhakSaNArtham AneSyati - va - vaha aba khAne ke lie kacaurI 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA laaegaa| 11. saH dugdhaM vikrIya Agacchati - vaha dUdha becakara AtA hai / dakArAnta pulliMga ' tad' zabda saH tam tena vaha usako usane 74 'cet' zabda vAkya ke pazcAt AtA hai, parantu usakA bhASA meM artha pahale likhA jAtA hai, tathA 'to' zabda saMskRta meM na bolA huA bhI bhASA meM artha se bolA jAtA hai|

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4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA tasmai tasmAt tasya tasmin dakArAnta pulliMga 'yad' zabda usake lie usase yaH yam yena yasmai jo jisako 3. tRtIyA jisane jisake lie 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI yasmAt jisase 6. SaSThI yasya jisakA 7. saptamI yasmin jisameM, para 1. yena saha tvaM vadasi, saH na sAdhuH asti - jisake sAtha tU bolatA hai, vaha uttama manuSya nahIM hai / usakA usameM, para 2. yasmai tvaM dhanaM dAtum icchasi saH tatra nAsti - jisake lie tU dhana denA cAhatA hai, vaha vaha nahIM hai / 3. yasya gRham agninA dagdham, saH atra AgataH - jisakA ghara Age se jalA, vaha yahA~ A gayA hai / 4. yasmin pAtre dugdhaM rakSitam tat pAtraM bhinnam - jisa baratana meM dUdha rakhA thA, vaha TUTa gayA / 5. yasmAt grAmAt tvam idAnIm AgataH, tasya kiM nAma asti - jisa gA~va se tU aba AyA, usakA kyA nAma hai ? 6. yaM tvaM pazyasi saH kaH astiH- jisako tU dekhatA hai, vaha kauna hai ? 7. yaH pustakaM paThati saH eva mama bhrAtA asti- jo pustaka par3hatA hai, vaha merA bhAI hai| 8. yasmai dhanaM dAtum icchasi kim saH daridraH asti - (tU) jisako dhana denA cAhatA. hai, kyA vaha nirdhana hai ? 9. yena saha vadasi tam evaM kathaya - (tU) jisake sAtha bolatA hai, usase aisA kaha / 10. yaH kUpasya jalaM pAtum icchati tasmai kUpasya eva jalaM dehi-jo kue~ kA jala pInA cAhatA hai, usako kue~ kA hI jala de / 11. tathA yaH gaGgAjalaM pAtum icchati tasmai zuddhaM gaGgAjalaM dehi - aura jo gaMgAjala pInA cAhatA hai usako zuddha gaMgAjala de 1 75

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sarala vAkya 1. zrIrAmacandrasya patram Agatam / 2. ahaM patraM ptthaami| 3. devadattaH kandukena kriiddti| 4. pazya, saH yuvA lakSmaNazarmA atra aagtH| 5. viSNudattena rAmAyaNaM nAma pustakam AryabhASAyAM likhitam / 6. tena zUreNa vyAghraH htH| 7. saH AcAryaH sadA atra eva nivsti| 8. yadA saH pAThazAlAM gacchati tadA dazavAdana-samayaH bhvti| 9. yadA tvaM gaGgAjalam AneSyasi tadA kUpasya jalam apiaany| 10. madhyAhnasamayaH jaatH| pATha 23 krINati-kharIdatA hai| isake pahale 'vi' lagAne se 'becatA hai' aisA artha hotA hai| dekho krINati-vaha kharIdatA hai| krINAsi-tU kharIdatA hai| krINAmi-kharIdatA huuN| kriitvaa-kh'riidkr| suucii-suii| naukaa-kishtii| vikrINIte-vaha becatA hai| vikrINISe-tU becatA hai| vikrINe-becatA huuN| vikriiy-beckr| smiipm-paas| knntthH-glaa| vAkya 1. adhunA ApaNaM gatvA tvaM kiM krINAsi-aba tU bAz2Ara jAkara kyA kharIdatA 2. ahaM pustakaM masIpAtraM lekhanI ca krINAmi-maiM pustaka, davAta aura kalama qharIdatA 3. tvaM yatra sthAsyasi ahamapi tatra sthAtum icchAmi-jahA~ tU ThaharegA, maiM bhI vahA~ ___ ThaharanA cAhatA huuN| 4. yat tvaM lekhitum icchasi, tad atra likha-jo tU likhanA cAhatA hai, vaha yahA~ likh| 5. navanItaM vikrIya ghRtaM ca krItvA Agaccha-makkhana becakara aura ghI kharIdakara aa| 76 1. aagtm-aayaa| 2. naam-naamk| 3. AryabhASAyAm-hindI bhASA meN| 4. dazavAdana samayaH-dasa bje|

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6. ayazva ApaNe purANaM malinaMca ghRtasti-Ajakala bAz2Ara meM purAnA aura malina ghI hai| 7. yadi tatra navInaM zuddha svAdu ca ghRtaM nAsti-agara vahA~ nayA, zuddha aura majedAra . ghI nahIM hai| 8. tarhi tad na Anaya-to usako na laa|| 9. ahaM zuddham eva ghRtaM bhakSayAmi-maiM zuddha ghI hI khAtA huuN| pahale hamane kahA hai ki svara Age Ane se anusvAra kA 'm' bana jAtA hai| udAharaNa dekhieahaM asmi ahamasmi tvaM icchasi tvamicchasi tU cAhatA hai| dugdhaM Anaya dugdhamAnaya dUdha laa| ghRtaM uttamaM asti ghRtamuttamasti ghI uttama hai| tvaM auSadhaM Anaya tvamauSadhamAnaya tU davA le aa| isI prakAra saMskRta meM zabda jor3e jAte haiN| isako dekhakara pAThakoM ko ghabarAnA nahIM caahie| isa samaya taka hamane jor3a (jinako saMskRta meM sandhi kahate haiM) nahIM batAe, parantu aba batAnA cAhate haiN| yadi pAThaka thor3A-sA dhyAna deMge to unako koI kaThinatA pratIta nahIM hogii| jo-jo jor3a (sandhi) hama deMge, unake alaga-alaga zabda hama nIce TippaNI meM deMge jisase pAThaka yaha jAna sakeMge ki kina-kina zabdoM kI vaha sandhi hai| jaise-tvamatra Agaccha-tU yahA~ aa| saH dugdhamAnayati'-vaha dUdha lAtA hai| tvamidAnI kutra gacchasi-tU aba kahA~ jAtA hai ? ahamatra tiSThAmi-maiM yahA~ ThaharatA huuN| jahA~-jahA~ isa prakAra kI sandhi Ae, vahA~-vahA~ pAThakoM ko socanA cAhie ki kina-kina zabdoM kI yaha sandhi ho sakatI hai| pAThakoM ne isa samaya taka pulliMga zabdoM ke prayoga kA prakAra jAna liyA hai| prAyaH pandraha zabda sAtoM vibhaktiyoM meM batAe haiN| agara pAThaka unako ThIka smaraNa rakheMge to zabdoM ke unake samAna rUpa banAne meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hogii| strIliMga zabdoM ke viSaya meM pAThakoM ko dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki koI akArAnta zabda strIliMga nahIM hai| AkArAnta zabda strIliMga huA karate haiN| kSamA, kRpA, dayA, bhAryA, jAyA, 1. ahaM + api' ina do zabdoM kA jor3a 'ahamapi' hotA hai| zabda ke anta meM jo nuktA hotA hai usako anusvAra kahate haiM, jaise 'ghRtaM, dugdhaM' ityaadi| isa anusvAra ke Age svara Ane se isakA 'm' banatA hai; jaise "dugdhaM + asti'| isakA dugdham asti (dugdhamasti) ho jAtA hai 2. tvam atr| 3. dugdham aanyti| 4. tvam idaaniim| 5. aham atr| 17

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78 bAlikA, gaMgA, brahmaputrA, vidyA, mAlA, latA, praviSTA ityAdi zabda AkArAnta haiM / inako AkArAnta kahate haiM kyoMki inake anta meM 'A' rahatA hai / aba inake rUpa dekhie : AkArAnta strIliMga 'vidyA' zabda 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI sambodhana vidyAyAH vidyAyAH vidyAyAm (ha) vidye 'vidyA' ke samAna bananevAle AkArAnta strIliMga zabda kRpA-dayA bhAryA - strI / bAlikA-lar3akI / yamunA - yamunA nadI / vidyA vidyAm vidyayA vidyAyai zAlA - gRha, ghara / latA - bela | putrikA-lar3akI / pratiSThA - yaza | zarkarA - khAMDa, zakkara / dharmazAlA - dharmazAlA, sarAya / vidyA vidyA ko vidyA ne vidyA ke lie vidyA se vAkya vidyA kA vidyA meM vidye dayA - kRpA, meharabAnI / bAlA-lar3akI / gaGgA - gaMgA nadI / ambA - maataa| bRhmaputrA - brahmaputra nadI / mAlA - mAlA / jAyA - strI, dharmapatnI / tA-lar3akI / pAThazAlA - pAThazAlA / prapA-pyAU / 1. dayAM kuru - dayA kara / 2. bhAryayA saha rAmaH vanaM gataH - strI ke sAtha rAma vana ko gaye / 3. yamunAyAH jalam AnItam - yamunA kA jala lAyA / 4. bAlikAyAH vastram Anaya - lar3akI kA kapar3A le A / 5. sutA kutra gatA - lar3akI kahA~ gaI ? 6. dugdhAya zarkarAM dehi - dUdha ke lie zakkara de / 7. zarkarayA miSTaM bhavati-zakkara se mIThA hotA hai /

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8. dharmazAlAyAH rakSakaH kutra asti-dharmazAlA kA caukIdAra kahA~ hai ? 9. ambA bAlikayA saha adya grAmaM na gatA-mAtA lar3akI ke sAtha Aja gA~va ko nahIM gaI / 10. gaGgAyAH jalam AnayAmi - gaMgA kA jala lAtA hU~ / 11. Izvarasya dayA asti-Izvara kI dayA hai / 12. Izvarasya kRpayA sarvaM zubhaM bhavati - Izvara kI kRpA se saba zubha hotA hai / 13. tasya zAlA uttamA asti-usakA makAna uttama hai| 14. yA kRSNasya sutA sA pAlakasya bhAryA - jo kRSNa kI lar3akI hai, vaha pAlaka kI dharmapatnI hai / 15. tvayA kasmAt sthAnAt sA puSpamAlA AnItA - tuma kisa sthAna se vaha phUloM kI mAlA lAe ho / sarala vAkya 1. saH tatra tiSThati / 2. aham atra krIDAmi / 3. saH pAThazAlAM gatvA pustakaM paThati / 4. tvaM zuddhaM gaGgAjalaM pibasi / 5. tvaM tat smarasi kim ? 6. saH svagRhaM gatvA annaM bhakSayati / 7. rAmaH tam evaM vadati / 8. zRNu, idAnA hariH dillInagaraM gantum icchati / 9. idAnIM tatra na gantavyam iti tvaM taM kathaya / 10. naraH grAmaM gacchati kim ! atha kim ? saH adya eva grAmaM gamiSyati / 11. cauraH dhanaM corayati / 12. paNDitaH pustakaM paThati / 13. dhenuH vanaM gamiSyati / 14. sA putrikA puSpamAlAM karoti / 15. rAmaH phalaM bhakSayati / 16. adya sA bAlikA ambayA saha vanaM gatA / 17. rAmeNa saha lakSmaNaH vanaM gataH / sItayA saha rAmaH vanaM gataH / pAduke - jUtA, khar3AUM / meSaH - mer3hA / zRNoSi - tU sunatA hai / mastakapIDA - sira darda / ghaTikA - ghar3I / zrutvA -sunakara / zrutam - sunA / pATha 24 zabda vRSabha: - baila | zRNoti - vaha sunatA hai, zRNomi - sunatA hU~ / dhUmrayAnam - relagAr3I / azvaH - ghor3A / zrotum - sunane ke lie / smaraNapustakam - - DAyarI | 79

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80 vAkya 1. mama pAduke gRhANa tasmai ca dehi-merI khar3AUM le aura usako de / 2. pazya, tat dhUmrayAnaM kathaM zIghraM gacchati - dekha, vaha relagAr3I kaisI jaldI jAtI hai| 3. meSaH dhAvati parantu azvaH tiSThati-mer3hA daur3atA hai, parantu ghor3A khar3A hai| 4. iha idAnIM zrIkRSNaH havanArtham AgamiSyati - yahA~ aba zrIkRSNa havana ke lie AegA / 5. saH idAnIM sandhyAm upAsya paThanam Arabhate - vaha aba sandhyA karake par3hanA Arambha karatA hai / 6. tvaM mAm adhunA kim AjJApayasi - tU aba mujhe kyA AjJA karatA hai ? 7. zRNu, tvam idAnIM vanaM na gaccha, atra eva tiSTha - suna, tU aba vana ko na jA (aura) yahIM Thahara / 8. kiM tvaM kuzalaH asi idAnIm - kyA aba tU nIroga hai ? 9. ahamidAnIM' kuzalaH asmi - maiM aba svastha hU~ / 10. bho mitra ! taNDulAH kutra santi - he mitra ! cAvala kahA~ haiM ? 11. saH yathA zrutamasti' tathA eva vadati - vaha jaisA sunatA hai vaisA hI bolatA hai / 12. yathA-yathA saH mAlinyaM tyajati, tathA tathA zuddhaH bhavati - jaise-jaise vaha malinatA chor3atA hai, vaise-vaise zuddha hotA hai / zabda kathA-kathA ko / vyAkhyAnam - vyAkhyAna ko / zravaNAya - sunane ke lie / zivAlaye - zivAlaya meM / dAsyasi - tU degA / tyaktvA - chor3akara / sthApaya-rakha / upadezam - upadeza ko / paNDitaH - paMDita, vidvAn / udyAne- bAg2a meN| dAsyati - vaha degA / dAsyAmi - dUMgA / - dRSTvA - dekhakara | cala-cala, jA / vAkya 1. tvam idAnIM kutra gantum icchasi - tU aba kahA~ jAnA cAhatA hai ? 2. ahamadya upadezaM zrotuM gacchAmi - maiM Aja upadeza sunane ke lie jAtA hU~ / 1. aham idAnIm / 2. zrutam asti / 3. aham adya /

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3. kutra asti upadezaH adya - kahA~ hai upadeza Aja ? 4. tatra udyAne paNDitaH vizvAmitraH upadezaM dAsyati - vahA~ bAg2a meM paMDita vizvAmitra upadeza deMge / 5. na na, udyAne upadezaH nAsti, zivAlaye asti- nahIM nahIM, bAg2a meM upadeza nahIM hai, zivAlaya meM hai / 6. kaH vara vyAkhyAnaM dadAti-kauna acchA vyAkhyAna detA hai / 7. paNDitavaraH devavrataH eva uttamaM vyAkhyAnaM dadAti - paNDita devavrata hI acchA vyAkhyAna dete haiM / 8. vyAkhyAnazravaNAya AlasyaM tyaktvA gaccha-vyAkhyAna sunane ke lie Alasya chor3akara jA / 9. prathamaM zuddhaM jalam Anaya, pazcAd bhojanaM kuru- pahale zuddha jala lA, pIche bhojana kara / 10. saH azvaM dRSTvA kiM smarati - ghor3e ko dekhakara use kyA yAda AtI hai ? 11. tatra vAyuH nAsti, jalamapi naivAsti - vahA~ vAyu nahIM hai, jala bhI nahIM hai| 12. mandire mArjAraH nAsti, ataH dugdhaM tatra sthApaya - mandira meM billI nahIM hai, isalie dUdha vahA~ rakha 13. tvaM godugdhaM gRhItvA eva zivAlayaM gaccha - tU gAya kA dUdha lekara hI zivAlaya jA / 14. saH paNDitaH kutra asti idAnIm - AkArAnta strIliMga ' pratijJA' zabda - vaha paNDita kahA~ hai aba ? 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI pratijJA pratijJA ko pratijJA se pratijJA ke lie pratijJA se pratijJA kA pratijJA meM pratijJAyAm (he) pratijJe he pratijJA AkArAnta strIliMga zabdoM ke paMcamI tathA SaSThI ekavacana ke rUpa eka jaise hI hote haiN| isalie SaSThI ke rUpa ke sthAna para (,, ) aisA cihna diyA hai / isakA 1. jalam api / 2. na-eva- asti / sambodhana pratijJA pratijJAm pratijJayA pratijJAyai pratijJAyAH "" 81

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matalaba yaha hai ki yahA~ kA rUpa Upara ke rUpa ke samAna hI hotA hai| Age bhI jahA~-jahA~ rUpoM ke nIce (..) aisA cihna diyA hogA, vahA~ pAThaka samajheM ki yahA~ kA rUpa uparivat hI hotA hai| AkArAnta strIliMga zabda icchaa-khvaahish| kAmAtmatA-viSayIpana, kAmIpana / cintaa-ph'ikr| jihaa-j'baan|. diikssaa-vrt| muktaa-motii| rekhaa-lkiir| knyaa-ldd'kii| nidraa-niiNd| puujaa-stkaar| paassaannpttttikaa-slett| muurkhtaa-paaglpn| mlintaa-gNdgii| kssudhaa-bhuukh| devtaa-devii| giitaa-giitaa| aajnyaa-hukm| cessttaa-prytn| jraa-buddh'aapaa| vaattikaa-bgiicaa| patrikA-patra, kh't| apUjA-satkAra na krnaa| ruuksstaa-ruukhaapn| pUpalA-khAMDa kI puurii| hridraa-hldii| sndhyaa-dhyaan| vAkya 1. saH icchAM karoti-vaha icchA karatA hai| 2. tvayA sA muktA kutra sthApitA-tUne vaha motI kahA~ rakhA ? 3. gItAyAM kim uktam ?-gItA meM kyA kahA hai ? 4. tasya AjJayA aham idaM kAryaM karomi-usakI AjJA se maiM yaha kArya kara rahA 5. tvaM devatAyAH pUjAM kuru-tU devatA kI pUjA kr| 6. tena patrikA preSitA kim-kyA usane patra bhejA hai ? 7. jarAyai kim auSadham-bur3hApe kI kyA davA ? 8. haridrAyAH pItaH varNaH-haldI kA pIlA rNg| 9. tasya kanyayA muktA na AnItA-usakI lar3akI motI nahIM laaii| 10. manuSyaH jiyA vadati-manuSya z2abAna se bolatA hai| 82

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sarala vAkya 1. rAmaH mitreNa saha kutra tiSThati ? AcAryaH ziSyeNa saha vadati / guruH kumArikayA saha kathAM vadati / 2. kanyayA saha saH manuSyaH udyAna gacchati / kiM saH manuSyaH pratidinaM kanyayA saha udyAnaM gacchati ? atha kim, saH puruSaH pratidinaM sAyaMkAle paMcavAdanasamaye bhramaNAya kanyayA saha udyAnaM gacchati ? 3. tadA tatratvam api gacchasi kim ? atha kim aham api tasmin eva samaye udyAnaM gacchAmi ? 4. rAmAya namaH / IzvarAya namaH / namaH te / namaste / tasmai namaH | ambAyai namaH / 5. vRkSAt phalaM patati / parvatAt vRkSaH patitaH / nagarAt janaH Agacchati / taDAgAt jalam AnayAmi / udyAnAt puSpam Anayati | ApaNAt vastram Anaya / sthApayati- vaha rakhatA hai / sthApayAmi - rakhatA hU~ / nityam - nitya / kRtam - kiyA / sravati - cUtA hai 1 sthApayitum - rakhane ke lie / maJcaH - mez2a | gataH - gayA / saMsthApya - rakhakara / pATha 25 hai 1 zabda sthApayasi - tU rakhatA hai / pratyekam - haraeka / paramezvaram - Izvara ko / vAkya 1. nityaM paramezvaraM smRtvA karma kuru- nitya paramezvara ko samaraNa karake kArya kara / 2. saH mama pustakaM kutra sthApayati- vaha merI pustaka kahA~ rakhatA hai ? 3. yatra maMcaH asti tatra saH tat sthApayati- jahA~ mez2a hai, vahA~ vaha use rakhatA sthApanam - rakhanA / sthApayitvA - rakhakara / sthApanAya - rakhane ke lie / viSTaraH- kurasI, Asana / AgataH - A gayA / virodhaH - muqAbalA | 4. saH tatra dIpaM sthApayituM gataH - vaha vahA~ dIpa rakhane ke lie gayA hai / 5. tvaM masIpAtraM kutra sthApayitum icchasi - tU davAta kahA~ rakhanA cAhatA hai ? 83

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6. saH tatra phalaM sthApayitvA atra AgataH-vaha vahA~ phala rakhakara yahA~ aayaa| 7. kRtaM karma smara-kiyA huA karma smaraNa kr| 8. atra sthitvA karma kuru nocet atra na tiSTha-yahA~ rahakara kArya kara, nahIM to yahA~ na tthhr| 9. yadi varaM karma kartumicchasi tarhi eva atra tiSTha-agara zreSTha kArya karanA cAhatA hai, to hI yahA~ rh| 10. nocet yatra icchasi tatra drutaM gaccha-nahIM to jahA~ cAhatA hai, vahA~ zIghra jaa| 11. ahaM nirdhanaH asmi, pustakaM paThitumicchAmi'-maiM nirdhana hU~, pustaka par3hanA cAhatA 12. saH maJcaM gRhItvA atra eva Agacchati-vaha mez2a lekara yahIM AtA hai| zabda aalekhym-tsviir| ksy-kiskaa| tsy-uskaa| upvish-baitth| upavizati-(vaha) baiThatA hai| upavizasi-(tU) baiThatA hai| upavizAmi-baiThatA huuN| upvishy-baitthkr| vAkya 1. etat kasya Alekhyam asti-yaha kisakA citra hai ? 2. saH puruSaH zrutamapi na smarati-vaha manuSya sunA huA bhI nahIM smaraNa rkhtaa| 3. tvaM tasya vyAkhyAnaM zRNoSi kim-tU usakA vyAkhyAna sunatA hai kyA ? 4. atra eva upaviza vyAkhyAnaM ca zRNu-yahIM baiTha aura vyAkhyAna sun| 5. saH tatra eva upavizya sarvaM pazyati-vaha vahIM baiThakara saba kucha dekhatA hai| 6. kaH atra upavizya AlekhyaM karoti-yahA~ baiThakara kauna tasavIra khIMcatA hai ? 7. zrIdharaH atra sthitvA Alekhyam Alikhati-zrIdhara yahA~ Thaharakara citra khIMcatA 8. saH uktameva' punaH punaH vadati-vaha kahe hue ko hI bAra-bAra bolatA hai| 9. yadi tvam atra eva upavizasi tarhi ahaM tubhyaM dravyaM dAsyAmi-agara tU yahIM ___ baiThegA, to maiM tujhe dhana duuNgaa| 10. saH kimarthaM sadA zivAlayaM gacchati-vaha hamezA mandira kyoM jAtA hai ? 11. saH tatra gatvA sandhyAmupAste', IzvaraM ca smarati-vaha vahA~ jAkara sandhyA karatA 84] 1. kartum icchsi| 2. paThitum icchaami| 3. zrutam api| 4. uktama ev| 5. sandhyAm upaaste|

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hai aura Izvara kA smaraNa karatA hai I 12. ahaM svaratham atra na sthApayAmi - maiM apanI gAr3I yahA~ nahIM rakhU~gA / 13. mama viSTaraH kutra asti - merI kursI kahA~ hai ? 14. yatra hyaH sthApitaH tatra eva asti-jahA~ kala rakhI thI vahIM hai / IkArAnta strIliMga 'nadI' zabda 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI sambodhana nadI nadIm nadyA na nadyAH mAtulAnI, mAtulI - mAmI / pitRbhaginI - buA / mAtAmahI - nAnI / "" nadyAm (he ) nadi 'nadI' zabda ke samAna calanevAle zabda nadI nadI ko nadI se nadI ke lie nadI se nadI kA nadI meM he nadi mAtRbhaginI - mAsI / bhaginI - bahina | brAhmaNI - brAhmaNa kI strI / kuNDalinI - jalebI | kumArI - lar3akI / urvI - pRthvI / pitAmahI - dAdI | kamalinI - kamala kI bela / inake saba vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa banAkara pAThaka unase bahuta-se vAkya banA sakate haiM / sarala vAkya 1. yajJadattAt devadattaH pustakaM gRhNAti / 2. somadattAt brAhmaNaH dhanaM gRhNAti / saH brAhmaNaH taDAgAt raktaM kamalam Anayati / 3. rAmasya rAvaNena saha yuddhaM bhavati / rAvaNasya rAmeNa saha yuddhaM bhavati / bhImasya jarAsandhena saha yuddhaM jAtam' / jarAsandhasya bhImasenena saha yuddhaM jAtam / 4. tatra hariH asti / taM hariM pazya / hariNA pustakaM likhitam / haraye namaH / hareH " lekhanIm Anaya / idaM hareH gRham asti / harau pApaM nAsti / 1 1. jAtam - ho gyaa| 2. hareH - hari se| 3. hareH - hari kA / 85

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pATha 26 zabda Akrozati-cillAtA hai| garjati-(vaha) garajatA hai| garjAmi-garajatA huuN| bADham-nizcaya se| vlym-gol| updhiH-sttuul| tuussnniim-cupcaap| purI-nagara, shhr| garjasi-(tU) garajatA hai| kiidRshm-kaisaa| mhissH-bhaiNsaa| anggnm-aaNgn| ghttikaa-ghttikaa| shuukrH-suuar| vAkya 1. vane siMhaH garjati, grAme zUkaraH garjati-vana meM zera garajatA hai, grAma meM sUara ___ garajatA hai| 2. tvaM vRthA kimarthaM garjasi-tU vyartha kyoM garajatA hai ? 3. AkAze meghaH adhunA garjati-aba AkAza meM megha garajatA hai| 4. udyAne siMhaH sAyaMprAtaH ca garjati-bAg2a meM zera sAyaMkAla tathA prAtaHkAla garajatA 5. yadi tvaM tatra na gamiSyasi tarhi tat kathaM jJAsyasi-agara tU vahA~ na jAegA __to use kaise jAnegA ? 6. tvam idAnImeva' auSadhAlayaM gaccha auSadhaM ca Anaya-tU abhI davAkhAne jA aura davA le aa| 7. yadi tvaM mudgaudanaM bhakSayiSyasi tarhi svasthaH bhaviSyasi-agara tU khicar3I khAegA to acchA ho jaaegaa| 8. saH dugdham apUpaM ca bhakSayitumicchati-vaha dUdha aura per3A khAnA cAhatA hai| 9. siMhaH kadApi annaM na bhakSayati-zera kabhI anna nahIM khaataa| 10. aham idAnImeva snAtvA zIghramAgamiSyAmi'-maiM abhI snAna karake jaldI aauuNgaa| 11. zuddhaM dhautaM vastraM dehi-zuddha dhoyA huA vastra de| 80] 1. idAnIm ev| 2. bhakSayitum icchti| 3. zIghram aagmissyaami|

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zabda / bhojanAt-bhojana se| abhyntre-andr| pricaarkH-naukr| nagarAt-zahara se| grAmAt-gA~va se| gRhAt-ghara se| kUpAt-kUe~ se| praayH-bhudhaa| vAkya 1. brUhi, tvaM prAtaH sandhyAM karoSi na vA-bola, tU savere sandhyA karatA hai yA nahIM ? 2. vada, tvaM tat pustakaM paThasi na vA-batalA, tU vaha pustaka par3hatA hai yA nahIM ? 3. yad, ahaM tvAmAjJApayAmi tat karma zIghraM kuru-maiM tujhe jo AjJA karatA hU~, use jaldI kr| 4. nocet tvAm adhunA eva tADayiSyAmi-nahIM to tujhe abhI piiddhuuNgaa| 5. ahaM bhojanAt pUrvaM kimapi' karma kartuM na icchAmi-maiM bhojana ke pUrva koI bhI __ kArya nahIM karanA caahtaa| 6. he paricAraka ! kapATamudghATaya ahamabhyantare AgantumicchAmi-are naukara ! daravAz2A khola, maiM andara AnA cAhatA huuN| 7. yad ahaM vadAmi tat na zRNoSi kim-jo maiM kahatA hU~, vaha tU nahIM sunatA hai kyA ? 8. yadi tvam uccaiH vadasi tadA ahaM tava bhASaNaM zrotuM zaknomi-agara tU UMcA bolatA hai to maiM terI bAta suna sakatA huuN| 9. saH nagarAt nagaraM gacchati-vaha (eka) zahara se (dUsare) zahara ko jAtA hai| 10. saH grAmAd bahiH gatvA vanaM gataH-vaha gA~va se bAhara jAkara vana ko gyaa| 11. saH manuSyaH kUpAt jalamAnayati'-vaha AdamI kue~ se jala lAtA hai| 12. saH idAnImeva gRhAt bahirgataH-vaha abhI ghara se bAhara gayA hai| 13. saH punaH kadA gRhamAgamiSyati'-vaha phira ghara kaba AegA ? 14. saH prAyaH sAyaGkAlamAgamiSyati'-vaha zAma taka aaegaa| 15. sutaH rakSati-lar3akA rakSA karatA hai| 16. kumArI tiSThati-lar3akI ThaharatI hai| 17. ahamatra likhAmi-maiM yahA~ likhatA huuN| 18. mAtAmahI nIcaiH svapiti-nAnI nIce sotI hai| 1. kim api| 2. aham abhyntre| 3. Agantum icchaami| 4. jalam aanyti| 5. idAnIm ev| 6. gRham aagmissyti| 7. sAyaMkAlam aagmissyti| 187

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19. tasya bhrAtA varaM na likhati-usakA bhAI acchA nahIM likhtaa| 20. kaH tvam-tU kauna hai ? 21. saH kaH asti-vaha kauna hai ? 22. saH dUraM tiSThati-vaha dUra ThaharatA hai| 23. tava upAnat kutra asti-terA jUtA kahA~ hai ? 24. tasya bhrAtA zIghraM na AgamiSyati-usakA bhAI jaldI nahIM aaegaa| 25. eSa kaH asti-yaha kauna hai ? 26. tava bhrAtA kva asti-terA bhAI kahA~ hai ? 27. saH kiM likhati-vaha kyA likhatA hai ? sarala vAkya 1. tasmai kuNDalinI dehi| 2. tasya sutaH dugdham pibti| 3. tasya bhrAtA gRhaM na gcchti| 4. dhanaM dattvA phalaM gRhaann| 5. mitrAya patraM likh| 6. tasmai puSpaM dehi| 7. yadA tvaM svapiSi tadA tava bhrAtA kutra bhavati ? 8. saH vanaM gatvA phalaM bhkssyti| 9. yadA saH vanaM gataH tadA ahaM na gtH| 10. saH mAM na taaddyti| 11. saH tam eva kimarthaM tADayati ? 12. tvam tasya pustakaM gRhItvA zIghram atra aagcch| 13. saH tvAM na jAnAti kim ? 14. tasya putraH pustakaM coryti| 15. kaH tubhyam adya bhojanaM dAsyati ? pATha 27 zabda aTati-vaha ghUmatA hai| aTasi-tU ghUmatA hai| aTAmi-ghUmatA huuN| attitvaa-ghuumkr| aTitum-ghUmane ke lie| aTiSyati-(vaha) ghuumegaa| aTiSyasi-tU ghuumegaa| attissyaami-ghuumuuNgaa| pakvam-pakA huaa| paThitam-par3hA huaa| vAkya 1. kRSNacandraH nityaM grAmAd grAmam aTati-kRSNacandra nitya (eka) gA~va se (dUsare) ___ gA~va ghUmatA hai|

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2. taM kumAraM pazya kiM saH karoti iti-usa lar3ake ko dekha ki vaha kyA kara rahA hai| 3. saH bhojanAya pakvamanna' pAnAya jalaM ca icchati-vaha bhojana ke lie pakA huA anna aura pIne ke lie jala cAhatA hai| 4. saH paThitamapi pAThaM na smarati-vaha par3he hue pATha ko bhI nahIM smaraNa krtaa| 5. saH dravyaM dattvA dhAnyaM krINAti-vaha dhana dekara dhAna kharIdatA hai| 6. saH rAtrau kimapi na bhakSayati-vaha rAtri meM kucha bhI nahIM khaataa| 7. sUryaM dRSTvA janaH uttiSThati-sUrya ko dekhakara manuSya uThatA hai| 8. tathA tArakAn dRSTvA manuSyaH svapiti-sitAre dekhakara manuSya sotA hai| 9. saH sarvadA vRthA aTitumicchati-vaha hamezA vyartha ghUmanA cAhatA hai| 10. saH idAnIM kiM karoti iti ahaM jJAtumicchAmi - vaha aba kyA karatA hai, yaha ___maiM jAnanA cAhatA huuN| 11. zIghraM rathamAnaya', aham anyaM nagaraM gantumicchAmi-jaldI gAr3I le A, maiM dUsare nagara jAnA cAhatA huuN| 12. idAnIM meghaH garjati, ataH bahir na gaccha-aba megha garaja rahA hai, isa kAraNa bAhara na jaa| zabda vttuH-baalk| pIDayati-(vaha) duHkha detA hai| pIDayasi-(tU) duHkha detA hai| pIDayAmi-duHkha detA huuN| Urdhvam-Upara, pshcaat| upri-uupr| ytiH-sNnyaasii| bhu-bhut| vRkSasya-vRkSa ke| zrAntam-thakA huaa| pratIyate-mAlUma hotA hai| khnnddH-ttukdd'aa| vAkya 1. pazya, saH bAlaH kathaM zIghraM dhAvati-dekha, vaha bAlaka kaisA tez2a daur3atA hai| 2. bho mitra ! idAnIM mAM bubhukSA atIva pIDayati-mitra ! aba mujhe bhUkha bahuta hI duHkha detI hai| 1. pakvam annam / 2. aTitum icchti| 3. jJAtum icchaami| 4. rathama aany| 5. gantum icchaami|

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3. tvaM mahyaM pakvam annaM dAtuM zaknoSi kim-tU mujhe pakA huA anna de sakatA hai kyA ? 4. bhojanAd UrdhvaM tvaM zItaM jalamapi' pAtumicchasi kim-bhojana ke pazcAt kyA __ tU ThaMDA jala bhI pInA cAhatA hai ? 5. yadi tvaM zItaM jalamapi AnetuM zaknoSi tarhi zIghram Anaya-agara tU ThaMDA jala bhI lA sakatA hai to jaldI le aa| 6. yat tvam icchasi tat aham AneSyAmi-jo tU cAhatA hai, vaha maiM laauuNgaa| 7. etad annam atIva uSNam asti-yaha anna bahuta hI garama hai| 8. mama bhrAtA idAnI kutra gataH, na jAnAmi-merA bhAI aba kahA~ gayA hai, (maiM) nahIM jaantaa| 9. saH udyAne vRkSasya adyaH idAnIM svapiti-vaha bAga meM vRkSa ke nIce rahA so rahA 10. saH bahu karma kRtvA zrAntaH iti pratIyate-vaha bahuta kArya karake thakA huA hai, aisA mAlUma hotA hai| 11. saH tatra tUSNImeva sthitaH, kimapi na vadati-vaha vahA~ cupacApa baiThA hai, kucha bhI nahIM bola rahA hai| 12. saH svapAThaM smarati iti pratIyate-vaha apanA pATha yAda karatA hai, aisA mAlUma hotA hai| 13. saH svagRhamidAnIM rakSati ataH bahir gantuM na zaknoti-vaha apane ghara kI rakSA kara rahA hai isalie bAhara nahIM jA sktaa| ukArAnta strIliMga 'dhenu' zabda dhenuH dhenum 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI dhenvA gau ko gau se gau ke lie dhenve " FE dhenvai ) 5. paJcamI gau se dhenoH dhenvAH 190] 1. jalam api| 2. pAtum icchsi| 3. tUSNIm ev| 4. kim api| 5. svagRham idAnIm /

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6. SaSThI dhenoH / dhenvAH / 7. saptamI dhenau / dhenvAm / sambodhana (he) dheno caturthI se saptamI taka cAroM vibhaktiyoM meM ekavacana ke rUpa do-do hote haiM, yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI caahie| h zabda rjjuH-rssii| tnuH-shriir| vAkya hnuH-tthuddddii| 1. mAtRdevo bhava-mAtA ko devatA smjh| 2. pitRdevo bhava-pitA ko devatA smjh| 3. AcAryadevo bhava-guru ko devatA smjh| 4. atithidevo bhava-atithi ko devatA maan| 5. satyaM brUyAt-saca bol| 6. priyaM brUyAt-priya bol| 7. satyam apriyaM na brUyAt-apriya satya na bol| 8. priyam asatyaM na brUyAt-priya asatya na bol| 9. satyAt paraH dharmaH nAsti-satya se U~cA dharma nahIM hai| 10. asatyasamaH naH kaH api adharmaH-asatya ke samAna koI adharma bhI nhiiN| 11. iha ehi-yahA~ aa| 12. zvaH visRSTiH asti-kala chuTTI hai| 13. zAstreNa vinA manuSyaH andhaH-zAstra ke binA manuSya andhA hai| sarala vAkya-saMvAda rAmaH-he mitra ! tvaM kutra gacchasi idAnIm ? viSNuH-idAnImahaM bhramaNArthaM gcchaami| rAmaH-kaH samayaH idAnIm ? viSNuH-idAnIM sptvaadnsmyH| rAmaH-idAnI bhramaNAya bahiH gatvA punaH kadA svagRhamAgamiSyasi ? viSNuH-ahamavazyamaSTavAdanasamaye svgRhmaagmissyaami|

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92 rAmaH - tarhi ahamapi tvayA saha AgacchAmi / viSNuH - Agaccha tarhi zIghram / samayaH gacchati / rAmaH - zIghramAgataH / kSaNaM tiSTha / pATha 28 'smara' ke pUrva 'vi' lagAne se 'vismara' rUpa banatA hai aura usakA artha 'bhUlanA' hotA hai| dekhie - smarati - smaraNa karatA hai / smarAmi - smaraNa karatA hU~ / smariSyasi - tU smaraNa karegA / tvayA - tUne / tena - usane / vismarasi - tU bhUlatA hai| vismariSyati - vaha bhUlegA / vismariSyAmi - bhUlU~gA / puruSeNa - manuSya ne / smarasi - tU smaraNa karatA hai / smariSyati - vaha smaraNa karegA / smariSyAmi - smaraNa karUMgA / mayA- maiMne / vismarati - vaha bhUlatA hai| 1 vismarAmi - bhUlatA hU~ / vismariSyasi - tU bhUlegA / bAlake - lar3ake se / putreNa putra se | vAkya 1. yat tvaM paThasi tat sarvadA smarasi na vA- - jo tU par3hatA hai, use smaraNa karatA hai yA nahIM ? 2. yad ahaM paThAmi tat kadApi na vismarAmi - jo maiM par3hatA hU~, vaha kabhI nahIM bhuultaa| 3. yadi tvam evaM vismariSyasi tarhi kathaM paThiSyasi - agara tU isa prakAra bhUlegA to kaise par3hegA ? 1. jaldI aayaa| 2. kSaNa-bhara Thahara / 4. ataH UrdhvaM na vismariSyAmi - maiM isake pazcAt nahIM bhUlU~gA / 5. yathA tava guruH AjJApayati tathA kuru - jaisA terA guru AjJA detA hai, vaisA kara / 6. saH mAM vRthA pIDayati - vaha mujhe vyartha duHkha detA hai / 7. ataH ahaM tam avazyaM tADayiSyAmi - isalie maiM usako avazya pIhU~gA / 8. saH mahiSaH kasya asti - vaha bhaiMsA kisakA hai ? 9. saH mahiSaH nAsti vRSabhaH asti - vaha bhaiMsA nahIM, baila hai /

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zabda gtH-gyaa| Agatam-A gyaa| bhkssitm-khaayaa| dttm-diyaa| svIkRtam-svIkAra kiyaa| uktm-khaa| nItam-le gyaa| aaniitm-laayaa| kRtm-kiyaa| piitm-piyaa| snAtam-snAna kiyaa| issttH-vaaNchit| jAtam-utpanna huaa| utthitam-uThA huaa| sthitam-ThaharA huaa| tADitam-tAr3anA kiyA (pITA) huaa| gRhiitm-liyaa| AjJApitam-AjJA ko| smRtam-smaraNa kiyaa| vismRtm-bhuulaa| shrutm-sunaa| dRssttm-dekhaa| ptthitm-pddh'aa| udghaattitm-kholaa| pihitam-banda kiyaa| likhitm-likhaa| jnyaatm-jaanaa| vijnyaatm-jaanaa| prkssaalitm-dhoyaa| kriidditm-khelaa| rakSitam-rakSA kii| Arabdham-Arambha kiyaa| kriitm-kh'riidaa| vikriitm-becaa| attitm-ghuumaa| kthitm-khaa| vAkya 1. tvayA phalaM nItaM kim-kyA tU phala le gayA ? 2. mayA tad adyApi na dRSTam-maiMne vaha Aja bhI nahIM dekhaa| 3. bAlakena vastra prakSAlitam-bAlaka ne kapar3A dhoyaa| 4. mayA zobhanaM karma Arabdham-maiMne zreSTha kArya Arambha kiyaa| 5. tvayA tat kathaM vismRtam-tUne vaha kaise bhulA diyA ? RkArAnta strIliMga 'mAtR' zabda 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA mAtA mAtaram mAtA mAtA ko 1. adya + api|

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FFFFE 3. tRtIyA mAtrA mAtA se 4. caturthI mAtre mAtA ke lie 5. paJcamI mAtuH mAtA se 6. SaSThI mAtuH mAtA kA 7. saptamI mAtari mAtA meM sambodhana (he) mAtaH he mAtA 'mAtA' zabda ke samAna calane vAle zabda duhitR-lar3akI, putrii| yaatR-devraanii| nanandR, nanAndR-nanada, pati kI bhin| vAkya 1. sarvadA udyamaH kartavyaH-sadA udyoga karanA caahie| 2. udyamena eva sukhaM bhavati-udyoga se hI sukha hotA hai| 3. bhuktvA badarIphalaM bhakSaNIyam-bhojana karake bera khAnA caahie| 4. abhuktvA AmalakaM pathyam-bhojana na karake (bhojana se pUrva) AMvalA hitakara 5. tvaM bAlakena saha krIDasi-tU lar3ake ke sAtha khelatA hai| 6. ahaM tu na krIDAmi-maiM to nahIM kheltaa| 7. saH tatra kimarthaM kolAhalaM karoti-vaha vahA~ kyoM zora karatA hai ? 8. yadi ahaM krIDiSyAmi tarhi guruH mAM tADayiSyati-agara maiM khelU~gA to guru mujhe maaregaa| 9. tava mAtuH kim nAma asti-terI mAtA kA kyA nAma hai ? 10. tasya pituH nAma yajJadattazarmA iti-usake pitA kA nAma yajJadatta zarmA hai| 11. dugdhaM pItvA phalaM bhakSayAmi-dUdha pIkara phala khaauuNgaa| 12. azvaH zIghraM dhAvati-ghor3A tez2a daur3atA hai| sarala vAkya (1) kimarthaM tvaM tatra gatvA modakaM bhakSayasi ? (2) mayA tat karma na kRtam / (3) durjanaH anyasmai duHkhaM ddaati| (4) sujanaH anyasmai sukhaM ddaati| (5) AkAze raviM pazya / (6) pAThazAlAyAM sadA niyamena gantavyam / (7) mitreNa saha kalahaH na kartavyaH / (8) yadA guruH pAThaM pAThayati tadA tatra cittaM deym| (9) itastataH na drssttvym| (10) sazarkaraM dugdhaM peym| 94

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anyasmai - dUsaroM ke lie / deyam - dene yogya | peyam - pIne yogya | sujanaH - sajjana / cittam - mana, dila | sazarkaram - khAMDa se yukta / karma - udyoga / zabda kalahaH - jhagar3A / draSTavyam - dekhane yogya / durjanaH - duSTa vyakti / niyamaH - niyama | itastataH - idhara-udhara / badarIphalam - bera / sarala vAkya 1. saH yat paThati tat kadA'pi na vismarati / 2. ahaM yat zRNomi tat kadApi na vismarAmi / 3. yathA guruH mAM AjJApayati tathaiva' ahaM karomi / 4. tvaM bAlakena saha kimarthaM krIDasi idAnIm ? 5 taM puruSaM tvaM pazyasi kim ? 6. yadA yadA prakAzaH na bhavati tadA tadA dIpaM prajvAlaya / 1. sunatA huuN| 2. vaisA hI / 3. jalAo / pATha 29 1. idAnIM tvayA kiM kRtam - aba tUne kyA kiyA ? 2. gRhaM gatvA adhunA mayA annaM bhakSitam - ghara jAkara aba maiMne anna khAyA / 3. tasya pustakaM tvayA nItaM kim-usakI pustaka tUne lI hai kyA ? 4. tena tad varaM karma adyApi na kRtam - usane vaha acchA kAma aba taka nahIM kiyaa| 5. tat sarvaM zobhanaM jAtam - vaha saba ThIka huA / 6. yat tvayA pustakaM gRhItaM tat mama asti- jo tUne pustaka lI vaha merI hai / 7. yat tvayA AjJApitaM tat mayA na zrutam - jo tUne AjJA kI vaha maiMne nahIM sunii| 8. kim tvayA na smRtaM yat tena uktam- kyA tujhe smaraNa nahIM jo usane kahA thaa| 9. yat tena uktaM tat sarvaM mayA pUrvam eva vismRtam -jo usane kahA vaha saba maiMne pahale hI bhulA diyA / 10. yat tvayA dRSTaM tat sarvaM kathaya-jo tUne dekhA vaha saba kaha / 95

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11. yadi tvayA tad jJAtaM tat mAmapi vada-agara tUne use jAna liyA to mujhe bhI btaa| 12. yadi tvayA svagRhaM rakSitaM tarhi varaM kRtam-agara tUne apane makAna kI rakSA kI to acchA kiyaa| 13. yadi tvayA adyApi vastraM na vikrItam-agara tUne Aja bhI kapar3A nahIM becaa| 14. tarhi tad mahyaM dehi-to use mujhe de| 15. yadi tvayA idAnIM paryantaM dvAraM na udghATitam-agara tUne aba taka daravAz2A nahIM kholaa| 16. tat kena udghATitam iti zIghraM kathaya-to kisane use kholA yaha zIghra kh| 17. tad ahaM na jAnAmi-vaha maiM nahIM jaantaa| 18. tvayA jalaM pItaM kim-tUne jala piyA kyA ? zabda glAniH-zithilatA, ghin| abhyutthaanm-unnti| khalu-nizcaya se| muulm-jdd'| satyAt-satyatA se| paraH-zreSTha, dUsarA, bhinn| pratiSThitam-sthita hai| pissttkv-ddblrottii| vAkya 1. yadA-yadA dharmasya glAniH bhavati-jaba-jaba dharma kI zithilatA hotI hai| 2. tadA tadA adharmasya abhyutthAnaM bhavati-taba-taba adharma kI unnati hotI hai| 3. satyAt paraH dharmaH nAsti-satya se zreSTha dUsarA dharma nahIM hai| 4. asatyAt paraH adharmaH na kaH api asti-asatya se bar3A adharma koI bhI nahIM 5. tvaM satyaM vadasi iti varaM karoSi-tU satya bolatA hai, yaha ThIka karatA hai| 6. kadApi asatyaM na vada-kabhI-bhI asatya na bol| 7. sarvaM khalu dharmamUlaM satye pratiSThitam-nizcaya hI saba dharmoM kA mUla satya meM sthita 8. yaH satyaM na vadati saH asatyavAdI bhavati-jo satya nahIM bolatA hai vaha asatyavAdI hotA hai| 9. asatyAt dAridrayaM varam asti-asatya se garIbI acchI hai| 10. tvaM sarvadA asatyaM kimarthaM vadasi-tU sarvadA asatya kyoM bolatA hai ? | 11. mayA kadApi asatyaM na uktam-maiMne kabhI asatya nahIM bolaa| 96

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12. yad dravyaM mayA rakSitaM tat sarvaM tvayA tyaktam-jo dravya maiMne rakhA thA, vaha saba tUne chor3a diyaa| 13. punaH punaH zrutam api lekhituM na zaknomi-bAra-bAra sune hue ko bhI maiM likha nahIM sktaa| 14. yat jalaM tvayA AnItaM tat zuddha nAsti-jo jala tU lAyA hai, vaha zuddha nahIM tayA 15. mayA kUpAt jalam AnItam asti, ataH tad zuddham eva asti-kue~ se jala lAyA hU~, isalie vaha zuddha hI hai| dakArAnta strIliMga 'tad' zabda 1. prathamA / vaha 2. dvitIyA tAm usako 3. tRtIyA usane 4. caturthI tasyai usake lie 5. paJcamI tasyAH usase 6. SaSThI tasyAH usakA 7. saptamI tasyAm usameM 'tad' zabda ke pulliMga rUpa pahale die hue haiN| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve pulliMga rUpoM meM jo bhinnatA hai usako ThIka prakAra samajha leN| pulliMga zabda ke badale pulliMga rUpa Ae~ge aura strIliMga zabda ke badale strIliMga rUpa Ae~ge, yaha niyama hai| nIce die vAkyoM ko dhyAna se dekhane se isa niyama kA pUrA patA laga jaaegaa| vAkya 1. yaH puruSaH grAmAd AgataH saH idAnIm atra nAsti-jo vyakti gA~va se AyA, vaha aba yahA~ nahIM hai| 2. yA bAlikA nagaraM gatA sA kasya putrI-jo lar3akI zahara gaI vaha kisakI putrI 3. taM putraM tasmin sthAne pazya-usa putra ko usa sthAna meM dekh| 4. tAM purvI tasmin sthAne pazya-usa beTI ko usa sthAna meM dekh| 5. tava dharmapatnI atra asti kim ? yadi asti tarhi tayA kim idAnIM kartavyam-terI dharmapatnI yahA~ hai kyA ? agara hai to use aba kyA karanA hai ? 6. tasyai jalaM dehi-usa strI ke lie jala de| 7. tasyAH vastraM kutra asti-usa strI kA kapar3A kahA~ hai ?

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8. tAM pAThazAlAM pazya, tasyAM mama putraH paThati-usa pAThazAlA ko dekha, usameM merA lar3akA par3hatA hai| 9. yatra tvaM gacchasi tatra sA na gacchati kim-jahA~ tU jAtI hai vahA~ vaha nahIM jAtI hai kyA ? pATha 30 zabda gajaH-hAthI srpH-saaNp| lavapuram-lAhaura naiv-nhiiN| vidyAlayam-pAThazAlA ko| brhmcaarii-brhmcaarii| shbd:-shbd| udeti-ugatA hai, nikalatA hai| prytnH-udyog| adhikaarH-ohdaa| prkaash:-prkaash| andhkaarH-aNdheraa| ghaNTAnAdaH-ghaMTe kI aavaaj'| ekH-ek| prthmH-phlaa| dvitiiyH-duusraa| vAkya 1. pustakaM lekhanI masIpAtraM ca mAdehi-pustaka, kalama aura davAta mujhe de| 2. kolAhalaM na kuru iti haridattaM kathaya-haridatta se kaha ki kolAhala na kre| 3. yatra bhUmitraH asti tatra tvaM zIghraM gaccha-jahA~ bhUmitra hai vahA~ tU zIghra jaa| 4. tatra vRSabhaH jalaM pibati-vahA~ baila jala pItA hai| 5. saH lavapuram ataH UrdhvaM naiva gamiSyati-vaha isake pazcAt lAhaura nahIM jaaegaa| 6. yatra zUkaraH dhAvati tatra tvamapi' gaccha-jahA~ sUara daur3atA hai vahA~ tU bhI jaa| 7. atra dIpaH nAsti ataH ahaM kimapi na pazyAmi-yahA~ dIpaka nahIM hai, isalie ___maiM kucha bhI nahIM dekha paataa| 8. vidyAlayaM pazya, tatra mama brahmacArI paThati-vidyAlaya ko dekha, vahA~ merA brahmacArI (bAlaka) par3hatA hai| 9. saH vRthA eva asatyaM vadati-vaha vyartha hI jhUTha bolatA hai| 10. yadA prAtaHkAle sUryaH udeti-jaba prAtaHkAla sUrya nikalatA hai| 98 J1. tvam + api| 2. kim + api|

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11. tadA sarvatra prakAzaH bhavati-taba saba sthAnoM para prakAza ho jAtA hai| 12. ghaNTAnAdaH bhavati, tvaM taM zRNu-ghaNTI baja rahI hai, tU use suna / zabda nAma-nAma / nipuNaH - pravINa / svanagaram - apane zahara ko / vAkya 1. saH paNDitaH asti - vaha buddhimAn hai / 2. tasya nAma vizvAmitra zarmA iti - usakA nAma vizvAmitra zarmA hai / AgataH - aayaa| svAmI - svAmI / dharmapracAram - dharma ke pracAra ko / 3. saH kalikattAnagarAt atra AgataH - vaha kalakattA zahara se yahA~ AyA hai| 4. atra tena zobhanaM vyAkhyAnaM dattam - yahA~ usane acchA vyAkhyAna diyA / 5. saH varaM vyAkhyAnaM dadAti - vaha acchA vyAkhyAna detA hai / 6. evam atra na kaH api vaktuM zaknoti - isa prakAra yahA~ koI bhI nahIM bola sakatA / 1 7. saH saMskRta bhASAyAM pravINaH asti- vaha saMskRta bhASA meM nipuNa hai / 8. yathA svAmI sarvadAnandaH pravINaH asti-jaise svAmI sarvadAnanda pravINa haiN| 9. na tathA paNDitaH vizvAmitra zarmA- nahIM ( haiM ) vaise paM. vizvAmitra zarmA / 10. tvayA tasya vyAkhyAnaM zrutaM kim-kyA tUne usakA vyAkhyAna sunA ? 11. kadA saH punaH svanagaraM gamiSyati - vaha phira kaba apane zahara jAegA ? 12. saH idAnIM naiva gamiSyati - vaha aba nahIM jAegA / 13. atra sthitvA saH kiM kartumicchati' - yahA~ Thaharakara vaha kyA karanA cAhatA hai ? 14. atra sthitvA saH dharmapracAraM kariSyati-yahA~ Thaharakara vaha dharma kA pracAra karegA / 15. yadi saH atra sthAsyati tarhi varaM bhaviSyati - -agara vaha yahA~ ThaharegA to acchA hogA / 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 1. kartum + icchati / dakArAnta strIliMga 'yad' zabda jo jisako jisase yA yAm yayA strI "" "" 99

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100 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI 1. prathamA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paJcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI yasyai yasyAH "" yasyAm strIliMga 'kima' zabda kA kAm kayA kasyai kasyAH "" jisake lie jisase jisakA jisameM kasyAm kauna kisako kisane kisake lie kisase kisakA kisameM ---- strI - - - - - - " "" "" " " vAkya 1. kA putrikA pustakaM paThati - kauna sI beTI pustaka par3hatI hai ? 2. yA bAlikA pAThazAlAM gacchati sA eva paThituM zaknoti- jo lar3akI pAThazAlA jAtI hai, vahI par3ha sakatI hai| 3. yayA pustakaM paThitaM tasyai dhanaM vastraM ca dehi- jisa ne pustaka par3hI hai, usako dhana aura kapar3A de | 4. yasyAH kRte tvaM tatra gataH sA na AgatA kim - jisa ke lie tU vahA~ gayA, vaha nahIM AI kyA ? 5. yasyAM pAThazAlAyAM mama putraH paThati, tava api tasyAm eva paThati - jisa pAThazAlA meM merA lar3akA par3hatA hai, usameM hI terA bhI par3hatA hai| 6. tasyAM devatAyAM bhaktiM dhAraya-usa devatA meM bhakti dhAraNa kara / 7. paThanasya kAle tasyAH zabdaH mahAn bhavati - par3hane ke samaya usa (strI) kA zabda bar3A hotA hai / parIkSA aba taka tIsa pATha ho cuke haiM / aba pAThakoM kI parIkSA hogii| agara pAThaka saba praznoM ke ThIka-ThIka uttara de sakeMge to ve Age bar3ha sakate haiN| anyathA unako cAhie ki ve pUrva ke tIsa pATha prArambha se dubArA par3heM aura sabako ThIka-ThIka yAda kreN| / jaba taka pichalA yAda na hogA taba taka Age bar3hane se koI lAbha nahIM /

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prazna (1) nimna zabdoM kI sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke ekavacana rUpa dIjie pulliMga zabda maarg| dev| bhaag| dhnnyjy| kvi| ari| bhaanu| pitR| bhraat| srv| strIliMga zabda upaasnaa| dyaa| maatR| vidyaa| jihaa| naasikaa| kim| yd| dhenu| ndii| (2) nimna zabdoM ke kevala tRtIyA, caturthI tathA paMcamI ke ekavacana rUpa likhieraam| devtaa| vissnnu| krtR| asmt| (3) nimna vAkyoM kA hindI meM artha likhie saH tvAM na jAnAti kim ? yadA saH AgataH tadA eva tvaM gtH| dazarathasya putraH zrIrAmacandraH asti / vizvAmitreNa saha rAmacandraH vanaM gtH| tatra kA adya annaM bhakSayati ? sA bAlA tasmin gRhe na ptthti| (4) nimna vAkyoM ke uttara saMskRta meM hI dIjie tava kim nAma asti ? idAnIM tvaM kim paThasi ? zrIkRSNacandraH kasya putraH AsIt ? zrIrAmacandreNa kena saha yuddhaM kRtam ? dharmeNa kim bhvti| (5) nimna vAkyoM ke saMskRta-vAkya banAie maiM pAThazAlA jAtA huuN| vaha mujhe dekhatA hai| rAjA ne usake lie dhana diyaa| sUrya AkAza meM aayaa| prAtaHkAla saMdhyA kr| savere uTha aura snAna kr| (6) Apa koI eka kathA saMskRta meM likhane kA yatna kiijie| (7) nimna zabdoM ke artha kIjie uttisstth| vyaayaamH| pNcvaadnsmyH| naagH| yaackH| sainikH| rviH| kolaahlH| svmpi| yuvaa| kushlH| zubham / jaayaa| pATha 31 pAThako ! aba taka Apane 30 pATha smaraNa kie haiM, aura vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM kA vizeSa jJAna na hote hue bhI Apane saMskRta-bhASA meM vyAvahArika bAtacIta karane kI yogyatA prApta kI hai| aba isake pazcAt vyAkaraNa kA thor3A paricaya karane kI AvazyakatA hai 101

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vyAkaraNa jAnane ke lie prathama saMskRta akSaroM kI banAvaTa para tathA zabdoM kI ghaTanA para eka dRSTi DAlanI cAhie, anyathA vyAkaraNa ke niyama ThIka dhyAna meM nahIM A skte| vyaMjana aura svara milakara saMskRta ke tathA hindI ke akSara banate haiN| jaise dekhiek + a k| m + a-m| l + a-l| arthAt 'kamala' zabda kI banAvaTa 'k + a + m + a + l + a' itane vargoM se huI hai| isI prakAra (ra+A) + (m + a) raam| (p + i) + (t + aa)=pitaa| (u) + (d + y + A) + (n + a + m)-udyaanm| (I) + (z + k + a) + (i + aH)iishvrH| (p + u) + (s + t + a) + (k + a + m) pustkm| (y + a + ta) yt| (d + e) + (v + aH)=devH| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve isa akSara-krama tathA zabda-krama ko smaraNa rkheN| saMskRta ke akSara tathA zabda jaise likhe jAte haiM, vaise hI bole bhI jAte haiM; aura jaise bole jAte haiM, vaise hI likhe bhI jAte haiN| urdU-aMgrez2I kI taraha 'likhanA kucha, aura bolanA kucha' vAlI bAta yahA~ nahIM hai, isalie saMskRta kA zabda-krama (Spelling, spailiMgahijje) urdU-aMgrez2I kI apekSA sugama hai| saMskRta meM vyaMjana aura svara Amane-sAmane Ate hI jur3a jAte haiM jaise(taM-) tam + api-tmpi| (tvaM=) tvam + aagcch-tvmaagcch| yad + asti-ydsti| tad + asti-tdsti| isa prakAra ke yoga kA varNana hama Age ke pATha meM kreNge| isalie pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve isa yoga kI vyavasthA ko dhyAna meM rkheN| jahA~-jahA~ yoga AegA vahA~-vahA~ pRSTha ke nIce TippaNI dekara usa zabda ko kholakara bhI btaaeNge| aba kucha vAkya die jAte haiN| unakI ora pAThakoM ko dhyAna denA caahie| ina vAkyoM ke andara ukta prakAra ke yoga die gae haiN| 102

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. * vAkya 1. yadasti' tatra tadatra' tvamAnaya' - jo vahA~ hai, use tU yahA~ le A / 2. rAmaH zIghramAgacchati' - rAma jaldI AtA hai 1 3. tvamadhunA' pustakaM dehi - tU aba pustaka 1 4. tadadhunA' tatra nAsti' - vaha aba vahA~ nahIM hai / 5. saH kadApi asatyaM naiva vadati - vaha kabhI bhI asatya nahIM bolatA / 6. saH puSpamAnayati " - vaha phUla lAtA hai / 7. tvamidAnIM" kiM karoSi - tU aba kyA karatA hai / 8. ahamadhunA 2 AlekhyaM pazyAmi - maiM aba citra dekhatA hU~ / 9. tvamidAnIM kimarthaM husainamAjJApayasi " - tU aba kyoM husaina ko AjJA karatA hai ? 10. mitra ! pazya, kathaM saH rathaH zIghraM dhAvati - mitra ! dekha, vaha ratha ( gAr3I) kaisA jaldI daur3atA hai / 11. tatra sUryaM pazya - vahA~ sUrya ko dekha / 12. yadatra asti tat tubhyamahaM dAsyAmi - jo yahA~ hai vaha tujhe maiM dU~gA / 13. azvaH dhAvati - ghor3A daur3atA hai / 14. manuSyaH azvaM pazyati manuSya ghor3e ko dekhatA hai| 15. tvamapi " tatra gaccha - tU bhI vahA~ jA / 16. saH puruSaH vRddhaH asti- vaha manuSya bUr3hA hai / 17. saH bAlaH atIva durbalaH asti-vaha lar3akA bahuta hI durbala hai / pulliMga aura strIliMga sarvanAmoM kA upayoga batAnevAle vAkya 1. saH puruSaH / 2. taM puruSaM pazya / 3. yaH pazyati / 4. kaH paThati / 5. tvaM kasmai dhanaM dadAsi / sA strI / tAM strIM pazya / yA pazyati / 3. tad tvam Anaya / 4. zIghram Agacchati / atra / adhunA / 7. na asti / 8. kadA api / 9. na. ev| 10. puSpam idAnIm / 12. aham adhunA / 13. husainam AjJApayasi / 14. yad 103 . kA paThati / tvaM kasyai dhanaM dadAsi / 1. yad + asti| 2. 5. tvam adhunA / 6. tad Anayati / 11. tvam atra | 15. tubhyam aham / 16. tvam api /

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104 6. yasmai tvam icchasi / 7. yena manuSyeNa jalaM pItam / 8. tasmai dehi / 9. yaH gacchati / 10. kaH evaM vadati / 11. saH vadati / 12. kena na paThitam / 13. kasya gRham asti / yasyai tvam icchasi / yayA putrikayA jalaM pItam / tasyai dehi / yA gacchati / kA evaM vadati / sA vadati / kayA na paThitam / kasyAH gRham asti /

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saMskRta meM patra - lekhana bho priyamitra kRSNavarman, namaste / tava patram adya eva labdham / AnandaH jAtaH / ahaM tava nagaraM zIghraM na AgamiSyAmi / atra mama bahu kartavyam asti / ahaM zvaH himaparvataM gamiSyAmi / tasya sthAnasya nAma tvaM jAnAsi eva / tasya parvatazikharasya nAma dhavalagiriH iti asti / tasya dRzyam atIva sundaram asti / yadi tvaM tatra AgamiSyasi tarhi varaM bhaviSyati / yadi tvam Agantum icchasi tarhi mama mAtaram api AtmanA saha Anaya / sarvam atra kuzalam asti / tava sadaiva kuzalam icchAmi / bho-he? labdham - prApta huA, milA / varam - acchaa| himam -barfa / zikharam - ( pahAr3a kI coTI / kuzalam - maMgala, rAz2I - khuzI / alamor3Anagare zrAvaNasya zukla caturdazyAm ravivAsare saM. 2005 zabda namaste - tumako namaskAra / AnandaH - khuzI / bahu - bahuta / parvataH - pahAr3a / dRzyam - dRzya, naz2ArA / tapasyA- tapa / tava mitram sItArAmaH sarala vAkya tava putrikA kutra asti ? sA mAtrA saha haridvAranagaraM gatA / kadA sA punaH svagRhamAgamiSyati ? 105

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yadA tasyAH mAtA AgamiSyati tadA eva tayA saha sA api AgamiSyati / sA tatra kiM karoti ? RSIkezanAmake tIrthasthAne sA tapasyAM karoti / kathaM putrikA tapasyAM karoti ? tatra kanyAgurukulam asti / tatra sA adhyayanaM kartum icchati / tarhi evaM kathaya / kimartham asatyaM vadasi sA tatra tapasyAM karoti iti / 1 pATha 32 zabda ke anta meM jo hal 'm' hotA hai vaha 'ka' se 'ha' taka ke kisI bhI varNa arthAt kisI bhI vyaMjana ke pare hone para anusvAra ( bindI nuktA ) ho jAtA hai / yadi usa 'm' ke sAmane koI svara a, i Adi A jAtA hai to 'm' usa svara se mila sakatA hai yA alaga hI rahatA hai; kintu svara pare rahate anusvAra nahIM hotA / 'ka' se 'ha' pare rahate : 106 devam : + pazya = devaM pazya / jJAnam + dattam = jJAnaM dattam / jalam + dehi jalaM dehi / svara pare rahate : sarvam + asti = sarvamasti yA sarvam asti / odanam + adhi = odanamayi yA odanam adhi / zIghram + odanam = zIghramodanam yA zIghram odanam / vAkya 1. devaH tatra gacchati - deva (vidvAn ) vahA~ jAtA hai / 2. taM devaM pazya - usa deva ko dekha / 3. devena jJAnaM dattam - deva (vidvAn ) ne jJAna diyA / 4. devAya jalaM dehi - deva ke lie ( ko ) jala de / 5. devAt dravyaM gRhNAmi - deva se dravya letA hU~ / 6. devasya etat sarvam asti - deva kA yaha saba hai / 7. deve sarvama asti - deva (Izvara) ke andara saba kucha hai / 8. he deva ! atra pazya - he deva, yahA~ dekha | 9. rAmaH dazarathasya putraH AsIt - rAma dazaratha kA putra thA / 10. rAmaM dazarathaH evaM vadati - rAma ko dazaratha aise bolatA hai / 11. kRSNena jalaM dattam - kRSNa ne jala diyA /

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12. devadattAya pustakaM dehi-devadatta ko pustaka de| 13. lavapurAt phalam Anaya-lAhaura se phala le aa| 14. rAmasya rAvaNasya ca yuddhaM jAtam-rAma aura rAvaNa kA yuddha huaa| 15. tasya gRhe mama vastram asti-usake ghara meM merA kapar3A hai| 16. he devadatta ! tvaM yuddhaM na kuru-he devadatta ! tU yuddha na kr| 17. bAlakaH upari asti-bAlaka Upara hai| 18. taM bAlakaM pazya / kayaM saH ghAvati-usa bAlaka ko dekha, vaha kaise daur3atA hai| 19. bAlakena snAnaM kRtam-bAlaka ne snAna kiyaa| 20. bAlakAya modakaM dehi-bAlaka ko laDDU de| 21. bAlakAt pustakaM gRhANa-bAlaka se pustaka le| 22. bAlakasya vastraM raktamasti'-bAlaka kA kapar3A lAla hai| 23. bAlake dayAM kuru-bAlaka para dayA kr| 24. he bAlaka tvamuttiSTha-he bAlaka, tU utth| zabda paalkH-paalnkrtaa| paaniiym-jl|pettkH-snduuk / pucchm-puuNch|knnH-dhaan kA knn| dntH-daaNt| tkrm-chaach| ghRtm-dhii| odnm-bhaat| khaTvA-cArapAI, khttiyaa| kpiH-bNdr| vairm-shtrutaa| kriyA jvalati-(vaha) jalatI hai| jvalasi-(tU) jalatA hai| vahati-(vaha) uThAtA hai| kRntati-(vaha) kutaratA hai| jvalAmi-jalatA huuN| atti-(vaha) khAtA hai| atsi-(tU) khAtA hai| agri-(maiM) khAtA huuN| kRntasi-(tU) kutaratA hai| kRntAmi-(maiM) kutaratA huuN| niHsarati-(vaha) nikalatA hai| niHsarasi-(tU) nikalatA hai| vAkya 1. mama gRhe azvaH asti-mere ghara meM ghor3A hai| 2. tasya pucchaM zvetam asti-usakI pU~cha safeda hai| 3. saH ghRtaM naiva atti-vaha ghAsa nahIM khaataa| 4. tasya dantaH zvetaH nAsti-usakA dA~ta safeda nahIM hai| 5. ayaM tasya peTakaH nAsti-yaha usakA TraMka nahIM hai| . 1. raktam asti| 2. tvam uttisstth|

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6. aham odanaM bhakSayAmi-maiM bhAta khAtA huuN| 7. saH odanaM dugdhena saha atti-vaha bhAta dUdha ke sAtha khAtA hai| 8. tvaM kathaM zarkarayA saha odanam asi-tU kaise zakkara ke sAtha bhAta khAtA hai ? 9. ahaM tasya chatraM nayAmi-maiM usakA chAtA le jAtA huuN| 10. mUSakaH tasya pucchaM kRntati-cUhA usakI duma kATatA hai| 11. he mitra ! adhunA udyAnaM gaccha, tatra mama bhRtyaH asti-he mitra, aba bAg2a ko jA, vahA~ merA naukara hai| sarala vAkya 1. tvam atra zIghram odanam aany| 2. atra jalam api naasti| 3. tasya pustakaM tava mitreNa niitm| 4. tatra dIpaH jvlti| 5. tasya prakAze pustakaM ptth| 6. saH kiM vadati idaaniim| ? 7. ahaM svagrAmam adya gmissyaami| 8. yadi bhUmitraH atra asti tarhi tam atra aany| 9. rAjA cauraM dRSTvA dhaavti| 10. yadA gRhe cauraH AgataH tadA tvaM kutra gataH ? pATha 33 zabda AsIt-thA, huA thaa| raajaa-nresh| kRtm-kiyaa| yuddhm-ldd'aaii| hataH-mArA, hanana kiyaa| babhUva-ho gayA thA, huA thaa| netrm-aaNkh| nAmadheya, nAmaka-nAma vAlA / avalambya-avalambana karake / rAjyam-rAjya / akarot-karatA thaa| bhAryA-strI, dhrmptnii| nAmadheyA-nAma kii| saadhvii-ptivrtaa| vAkya 1. rAmacandraH kaH AsIt-rAmacandra kauna the ? 2. rAmacandraH ayodhyAnAmakasya nagarasya rAjA AsIt-rAmacandra ayodhyA nAma kI nagarI ke rAjA the| 3. tena rAmeNa kiM kRtam-usa rAma ne kyA kiyA ? 4. rAmeNa yuddhe rAvaNaH hataH-rAma ne yuddha meM rAvaNa ko maaraa| 5. rAvaNaH kaH AsIt-rAvaNa kauna thA ? 6. rAvaNaH laGkAnAmadheyasya nagarasya rAjA AsIt-rAvaNa laMkA nAma ke nagara kA

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rAjA thaa| 7. rAvaNena saha rAmasya yuddhaM kimarthaM babhUva - rAvaNa ke sAtha rAma kA yuddha kisa kAraNa huA ? 8. rAvaNaH dharmaM tyaktvA adharmam avalambya rAjyam akarot, ataH rAvaNena saha rAmeNa yuddhaM kRtam - rAvaNa dharma ko chor3akara, adharma kA avalambana karake rAjya karatA thA, isalie rAvaNa ke sAtha rAma ne yuddha kiyA / 9. rAmasya bhAryA kA AsIt - rAma kI strI kauna thI ? 10. sItA nAmadheyA rAmasya bhAryA atIva sAdhvI AsIt - sItA nAma vAlI rAma kI dharmapatnI atyanta pativratA thI / 11. rAmacandrasya mAtA kA AsIt - rAmacandra kI mAtA kauna thI ? 12. kauzalyA nAmadheyA zrIrAmacandrasya mAtA AsIt - kauzalyA nAma vAlI zrIrAmacandra o kI mAtA thI / 13. rAvaNasya bhrAtA kaH AsIt - rAvaNa kA bhAI kauna thA ? 14. vibhISaNaH rAvaNasya bhrAtA AsIt vibhISaNa rAvaNa kA bhAI thA / 15. rAmacandrasya lakSmaNanAmadheyaH bandhuH AsIt - rAmacandra kA lakSmaNa nAmaka bhAI thA / 16. tathA bharataH zatrughnaH api usI prakAra bharata aura zatrughna bhI / 17. rAmeNa saha sAdhvI sItA vanaM gatA AsIt - ko gaI thI / . rAmeNa saha lakSmaNaH api vanaM gataH AsIt - rAma ke sAtha lakSmaNa bhI vana ko - rAma ke sAtha prati vratA sItA vana gayA thA / 19. yathA rAmeNa rAkSasAH hatAH tathA eva lakSmaNena api rAkSasAH hatAH - jisa prakAra rAma ne rAkSasoM ko mArA usI prakAra lakSmaNa ne bhI rAkSasoM ko mArA / rAmaH dharmeNa rAjyam akarot - rAma ne dharma se rAjya kiyA / ataH lokaH rAme prItim akarot - isalie loga rAma se prema karate the / zabda 1 vArtA - bAta / ramyA - ramaNIya / nagarI - zahara / sA - vaha (strI) / vArtAlApa:vacata / uSTram - U~Ta / tvaritam - zIghra / nayanam - A~kha / udakam - jala / gatiH - gamana, rela / vRSTiH - varSA, barakhA / prakAzaH - rozanI / eSaH - yaha / mumbAnagare - muMbaI meM / - bAdala / drutam - zIghra / patram - patra, qhata / pAnIyam - pAnI / 109

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110 vAkya pe 1. yuddhasya vArtA ramyA bhavati - yuddha kI bAta rocaka hotI hai / 2. sA nagarI atIva ramyA asti- vaha zahara bahuta hI ramaNIya hai / 3. kRSNena saha vArtAlApaM kuru-kRSNa ke sAtha bAtacIta kara / 4. uSTrasya tvaritA gatiH - U~Ta kI cAla tez2a hotI hai| 5. azvasya gamanamapi tathaiva' - ghor3e kI cAla bhI vaisI hI hotI hai| 6. meghAt vRSTiH bhavati - bAdala se varSA hotI hai / 7. sUryAt prakAzaH bhavati-sUrya se prakAza hotA hai / 8. rAtrau sUryaH na bhavati - rAtri meM sUrya nahIM hotA / 9. ahaM rAmAya patraM likhAmi- maiM rAma ke lie patra likhatA hU~ / 10. tvaM patraM zIghraM likha - tU patra jaldI likha / 11. patrasya lekhanena kiM bhaviSyati - patra likhane se kyA hogA ? 12. eSa yajJadattasya putraH - yaha yajJadatta kA putra hai / 13. tava putraH kutra asti - terA putra kahA~ hai ? 14. mumbAnagare mama putraH asti - muMbaI meM merA putra hai / zabda pAcakaH - rasoiyA / mahiSI - bhaiMsa, mahArAnI / yaSTiH yaSTikA - soTI / sUcikA - sUI / dvAram - drvaaj'aa| gaNDUSaH - cullI / anRtam - asatya, jhUTha / kazA - cAbuka / parpaTaH - pApar3a | mRtpiNDaH - miTTI kA golA / kartarI - kaiNcii| paTaH - vastra / mahAnasam - rasoI kA sthAna / pAritoSikam - inAma / mahiSaH - bhaiMsA / kriyA Arohati - (vaha) car3hatA hai| Arohasi - (tU) car3hatA hai| ArohAmi - ( maiM ) car3hatA hU~ / upavizati - (vaha) baiThatA hai / bhrAmayasi - (tU) ghumAtA hai / uttiSThAmi - ( maiM ) uThatA. hU~ / hasati - (vaha ha~satA hai / nikSipati - (vaha) pheMkatA hai| siJcati - (vaha) chir3akatA hai / kartayati - (vaha) kATatA hai / vAkya 1. ahaM parpaTaM bhakSayAmi - maiM pApar3a khAtA hU~ / 2. ayaM pAcakaH asti - yaha rasoiyA hai / 1. gamanam api / 2. tathA eva /

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3. arabadezAt azvaH Agacchati - araba deza se ghor3A AtA hai / 4. adya mArge kardamaH jAtaH- Aja mArga meM kIcar3a ho gayA hai| 5. tava vastraM malinam asti-terA vastra mailA hai / 6. tvAM dRSTvA saH hasati-tujhako dekhakara vaha ha~satA hai / 7. ahaM taM dRSTvA hasAmi - maiM usako dekhakara ha~satA hU~ / 8. yaSTikayA mUSakaM tADaya-soTI se cUhe ko mAra / 9. yadi tvaM kUpasya jalaM pAtum icchasi tarhi mayA saha Agaccha- agara tU kue~ kA jala pInA cAhatA hai to mere sAtha A / 10. avantinagarAt tasya mitram adya api na Agatam - avanti zahara se usakA mitra Aja bhI nahIM AyA / sarala vAkya 1. pazya saH sUcikAyAM sUtraM nikSipati / 2. saH kartaryA patraM kartayati / 3. saH utthAya gRhAd atra eva AgataH / 4. mahAnasAt dhUmaH uttiSThati / 5. yatra dhUmaH asti tatra na gantavyam / 6. jalasya gaMDUSeNa mukhaM prakSAlayAmi / 7. tena pAritoSikaM prAptam / 8. tasya mahiSI dugdhaM dadAti / 9. ayaM sainikaH kazayA azvaM tADayati / 10. pAThazAlAyAM kenApi saha kalahaM na kuru / nimna vAkyoM kA saMskRta meM anuvAda kIjie 1. usa yAcaka ko anna do / 2. jo lar3akI pAThazAlA jAtI hai, vaha kisakI hai ? 3. maiM ghor3A dekhatA huuN| 4. tU bAdala dekhatA hai| 5. terA sandUka kahA~ hai ? pATha 34 akArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabda 1 gamanam - jaanaa| Agamanam - AnA / bhakSaNam - khAnA / bhojanam - bhojana, roTI / krIDanam - khelanA / pAnam - pInA / dAnam - denA / AdAnam - lenA / hasanam - ha~sanA / svIkaraNam - svIkAra karanA / lekhanam - likhanA / patram - patra pAtram -bartana / zarIram - zarIra / annam - anna / / vastram - vastra / saMskRta meM zabdoM ke liMga tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| kaI zabda pulliMga hote haiM, kaI strIliMga aura kaI napuMsakaliMga / liMga pahacAnane ke lie koI sAmAnya niyama nahIM haiM, aura jo niyama haiM ve isa samaya pAThakoM kI samajha meM nahIM A sakate, isalie.. 111

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yahA~ nahIM die jA rhe| saba akArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabdoM ke rUpa akArAnta pulliMga zabda ke samAna hI hote haiM, kevala prathamA tathA dvitIyA ke rUpa kucha bhinna hote haiN| dekhie akArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'bhojana' zabda 1. prathamA bhojanam bhojana 2. dvitIyA bhojanam bhojana ko 3. tRtIyA bhojanena bhojana se 4. caturthI bhojanAya bhojana ke lie 5. paJcamI bhojanAt bhojana se 6. SaSThI bhojanasya bhojana kA 7. saptamI bhojane bhojana meM sambodhana (he) bhojana (he) bhojana isI prakAra anya saba akArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabdoM ke rUpa hote haiN| ina rUpoM ko dekhakara pAThakoM ne jAna liyA hogA ki akArAnta pulliMga aura napuMsakaliMga zabdoM kI prathamA tathA dvitIyA ke atirikta anya vibhaktiyA~ eka-sI hotI haiN| pAThakoM ne dekhA hogA ki tRtIyA vibhakti kA jo 'na' hai vaha kaI zabdoM meM 'Na' ho jAtA hai, aura kaI zabdoM meM 'na' hI rahatA hai| isakA pUrA-pUrA niyama hama dvitIya bhAga meM deMge, parantu pAThakoM ko yahA~ itanA hI dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jina zabdoM meM 'ra' va 'Sa' akSara hotA hai, prAyaH ina zabdoM ke 'na' kA hI 'Na' banatA hai| parantu kaI avasthAe~ aisI AtI haiM jinameM 'na' kA 'Na' nahIM banatA; jaise(1) devena, bhojanena, gmnen| (2) rAmeNa, nareNa, purussenn| (3) kRSNena, rathena, raavnnen| (1) deva, bhojana, gamana zabdoM meM 'ra' athavA 'Sa' varNa na hone se 'Na' nahIM huA, (2) rAma, nara aura puruSa zabdoM meM 'ra' va 'Sa' hone se 'Na' banA hai, tathA (3) kRSNa, ratha aura rAvaNa zabdoM meM kucha vizeSa sthiti na hone ke kAraNa 'Na' nahIM bnaa| isa vizeSa sthiti kA varNana hama Age kreNge| paraMtu abhI isa vizeSa kI paravAha na karake pAThakoM ko rUpa banAne cAhieM aura vAkyoM meM unakA prayoga karanA caahie| akArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabda puNyam-puNya / paatkm-paap|possnnm-pusstti / prkssaalnm-dhonaa| dhyaanm-dhyaan| bhramaNam-bhramaNa, ghuumnaa| zItanivAraNam-zIta kA nivaarnn| stym-sty| - snaanm-snaan| shuurpm-chaaj| phlkm-phttttaa| jiirkm-jiiraa| ckrm-ckr|

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vAkya 1. dravyasya dAnena kiM phalaM bhavati-dravya ke dAna se kyA phala hotA hai ? 2. dravyasya dAnena puNyaM bhavati-dravya ke dAna se puNya hotA hai| 3. zarIrasya poSaNAya annamasti'-zarIra kI puSTi ke lie anna hai| 4. vastrasya prakSAlanAya zuddhaM jalaM tatra asti-kapar3A dhone ke lie zuddha jala vahA~ 5. patrasya lekhanAya masIpAtraM mahyaM dehi-patra likhane ke lie mujhe davAta do| 6. kandukaH krIDanAya bhavati-geMda khelane ke lie hotI hai| 7. nagarAt nagaraM tasya bhramaNaM sadA bhavati-(eka) zahara se (dUsare) zahara sadA usakA bhramaNa hotA rahatA hai| 8. vastreNa zItAt nivAraNaM bhavati-kapar3e se sardI se bacAva hotA hai| 9. tava bhojane karapaTTikA nAsti'-tere bhojana meM phulakA nahIM hai| 10. mama bhojane odanamasti vyaJjanamapi asti-mere bhojana meM bhAta hai aura caTanI bhI hai| 11. idAnIM tatra tasya gamanaM varam-aba vahA~ usakA jAnA acchA hai| akArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'jJAna' zabda 1. prathamA jJAnam jJAna 2. dvitIyA jJAnam jJAna ko 3. tRtIyA jJAnena jJAna ne (se) 4. caturthI jJAnAya jJAna ke lie 5. paJcamI jJAnAt jJAna se 6. SaSThI jJAnasya jJAna kA 7. saptamI jJAne jJAna meM sambodhana he.jJAna (he) jJAna akArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabda agrm-nok| aMjanam-kajjala, surmaa| pATavam-caMcalatA, cturaaii| abhivaadnm-nmn| avloknm-dekhnaa| phlm-phl| aarogym-svaasthy| sthAnam-jagaha / unmiilnm-kholnaa| kAryam-kRtya, kaam| gAnam-gAnA |ghraannm-naak| 1. annam + asti| 2. na + asti| 3. odanam + asti| 4. vyaJjanam + api| 113/

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cittm-mn| trnnm-tairnaa| dhnm-dault| nrtnm-naac| duHkhm-tkliiph'| anAmayam-Arogya / apaattvm-biimaarii| astym-jhuutth| stym-sc| uttrm-jvaab| smrnnm-yaad| khanitram-khodane kA hthiyaar| upvnm-baag| paalnm-rkssaa| shrvnnm-sunnaa| jiivnm-j'indgii| clnm-clnaa| muulm-jdd'| tttvm-tttv| shstrm-hthiyaar| indriym-indriy| hvnm-hvn|aasnm-aasn| naamdheym-naam| kssetrm-khet| vrtm-niym| pattanam-nagara / hiMsanam-hiMsA, vadha / shiilm-svbhaav| ye saba zabda 'jJAna' zabda ke samAna hI rUpa badalate haiN| vAkya 1. mama zarIrasya apATavam asti-merA zarIra bImAra hai| 2. yathA ArogyaM bhavati tathA kAryam-jaisA svAsthya ho, vaisA hI karanA caahie| 3. tava cittaM kutra asti-terA mana kahA~ hai ? 4. Izvarasya smaraNaM prabhAte utthAya avazyaM kartavyam-savere uThakara Izvara kA smaraNa avazya karanA caahie| 5. yadA tvaM vrataM karoSi tadA kiM bhakSayasi-jaba tU vrata rakhatA hai taba kyA khAtA 6. azvasya pAlanaM kuru-ghor3e kA pAlana kro| 7. yadA saH asatyaM vadati tadA tasya mukhaM malinaM bhavati-jaba vaha jhUTha bolatA hai taba usakA ceharA malina ho jAtA hai| 8. yena kenApi mArgeNa gaccha-cAhe jisa mArga se jaa| 9. tava pitrA dhanaM dattam-tere pitA ne dhana diyaa| 10. mayA zAstraM na paThitam-maiMne zAstra nahIM pddh'aa| sarala vAkya 1. mAtA putrAya bhojanaM ddaati| 2. putraH pitre patraM likhti| 3. tena dhanaM na AnItam / 4. kiM saH adyApi tatraiva asti ? 5. kiM karoti saH tatra ? 6. ahaM tasmai bAlakAya kim api dAtuM na icchAmi yataH saH svakIyaM pustakaM na paThati, itastataH bhramati gh| 7. saH kSudhayA duHkhitaM manuSyaM dRSTvA tasmai eva annaM ddaati| 8. devadatta, kiM tvaM jale taraNaM jAnAsi ? tarhi aya mayA saha Agaccha nadIm / tatra gatvA snAnaM krissyaamH| 9. idAnIM bhojanasya samayaH jAtaH, zIghraM jalaM gRhItvA atra eva aagcch|

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pATha 35 zabda T mukham - mu~ha | netram - A~kha / karNaH - kAna / dantaH - dA~ta / hastaH - hAtha / pAdaH - pA~va / nAsikA - nAka / hRdayam - hRdaya / udaram - peTa / pRSTham - pITha / aGgulI- aMgulI / zikhA - coTI | vAkya 1. pazya, navInacandrasya mukhaM katham atIva malinam asti - dekha, navInacandra kA mu~ha kyoM itanA malina hai ? 2. saH idAnIM mukhena phalaM bhakSayituM na zaknoti - vaha aba mu~ha se phala nahIM khA sktaa| 3. ahaM karNAbhyAM tava atIva madhuraM bhASaNaM zRNomi - maiM kAna se terA bahuta mIThA bhASaNa sunatA hU~ / 4. mArge tasya hastAt pustakaM patitam - mArga meM usake hAtha se pustaka gira par3I / 5. mArge patitaM tat pustakaM zrIdhareNa gRhItam - mArga meM girI huI usa pustaka ko zrIdhara ne le liyA / 6. saH zUrapuruSaH idAnIM yuddhe patitaH - vaha vIra puruSa aba lar3AI meM gira par3A (mara gyaa)| 7. tasya malinahastAt kuNDalinIM na gRhANa - usake malina hAtha se jalebI na lo / zabda netrAbhyAm - donoM A~khoM se / karNAbhyAm - donoM kAnoM se / hastAbhyAm - donoM hAthoM se / padbhyAm - donoM pA~voM se / nAsikayA - nAka se / dantaiH - dA~toM se / Arohati - car3hatA hai / vizvam - saMsAra, sb| sugandham - khuzabU / zaThaH - Thaga / vANI - bhASaNa / viSa - z2ahara / vAkya 1. ahaM netrAbhyAM vizvaM pazyAmi - maiM (donoM) A~khoM se saMsAra ko dekhatA hU~ / 2. saH karNAbhyAM zrotuM na zaknoti - vaha (donoM) kAnoM se suna nahIM sktaa| 3. tvaM nAsikayA sugandhaM gRhAsi kim-kyA tU nAka se sugandha letA hai ? 4. manuSyaH padbhyAM dhAvati - manuSya (donoM) pA~voM se daur3atA hai| 115

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5. janaH dantaiH phalam atti-manuSya dA~toM se phala khAtA hai| 6. vAnaraH hastAbhyAM pAdAbhyAM ca vRkSam Arohati-bandara (donoM) hAthoM tathA (donoM) pA~voM se vRkSa para car3hatA hai| 7. vAnaraH rAtrau vakSasya upari svapiti-bandara rAtri meM vRkSa ke Upara sotA hai| 8. zaThasya mukhe madhurA vANI tathA hRdaye viSaM bhavati-Thaga ke mu~ha meM mIThe zabda tathA __hRdaya meM viSa hotA hai| 9. pazya, vAnarasya mukhaM kathaM kRSNam asti-dekha, bandara kA mu~ha kaisA kAlA hai| zabda iha-yahA~, isa loka meN| amutra-paraloka meN| saMsAraH-saMsAra, duniyaa| jagati-jagat meN| rASTraH-rASTra, k'aum| prsnnH-aanndit| bhinnH-alg| AtmA-AtmA, jiiv| pakvam-pakA huaa| biijm-biij| vAkya 1. iha manuSyaH dine dine' annaM bhakSayati-yahA~ manuSya pratidina anna khAtA hai| 2. nagare nagare janaH krIDAM karoti-hara zahara meM manuSya khelatA hai| 3. grAme grAme udyAnaM bhavati-pratyeka gA~va meM bAga hotA hai| 4. zarIre zarIre AtmA bhinnaH-hara zarIra meM AtmA alaga hai| 5. vRkSe vRkSe phalaM pakvam asti-hara vRkSa para phala pakA hai| 6. rASTre rASTre rAjA bhavati-hara rASTra meM rAjA hotA hai| 7. sAyaM sAyaM jalam Agacchati-prati sAyaMkAla jala AtA hai| 8. mArge mArge rathaH dhAvati-hara mArga meM ratha daur3atA hai| 9. pustake pustake AlekhyaM bhavati-hara pustaka meM citra hotA hai| 10. phale phale bIjaM bhavati-hara phala meM bIja hotA hai| 11. kUpe kUpe jalaM bhavati-hara kueM meM jala hotA hai| 12. vane vane vRkSaH bhavati-hara vana meM vRkSa hotA hai| ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'vAri' zabda 1. prathamA vAri jala 2. dvitIyA jala ko 3. tRtIyA vAriNA jala ne vAri 116 1. saMskRta meM zabdoM kA dubArA uccAraNa karane se 'pratyeka' artha ho jAtA hai|

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4. caturthI vAriNe jala ke lie 5. paJcamI vAriNaH jala se 6. SaSThI vAriNaH jala kA 7. saptamI vAriNi jala meM sambodhana (he) vAri (he) jala isa prakAra saba ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabdoM ke rUpa hote haiN| vAkya 1. manuSyasya dehe prathamaM ghrANam indriyam, yena gandhaH gRhyate-manuSya ke zarIra meM pahalI indriya nAka (hai), jisase gaMdha liyA jAtA hai| 2. dvitIyaM cakSuH yena manuSyaH sarvaM pazyati-dUsarI A~kha, jisase manuSya saba kucha dekhatA hai| 3. tRtIyaM zrotram, yena zabdaH zrUyate-tIsarI kAna, jisase zabda sunA jAtA hai| 4. caturtham indriyam jihA, yayA annasya rasaH gRhyate-cauthI indriya z2abAna, jisase ___ anna kA rasa liyA jAtA hai| 5. paMcamam indriyaM tvak, yayA manuSyaH sparza jAnAti-pA~cavIM indriya camar3I hai, jisase manuSya sparza jAnatA hai| 6. etat indriyapaJcakaM sarvasya jJAnasya mUlam-yaha indriyaMpaJcaka (pA~ca indriyA~) ___ saba jJAna kI jar3a haiN| 7. he bAlaka ! tvaM kiM karoSi-he bAlaka ! tU kyA karatA hai ? 8. tvam kadApi asatyaM mA vd| asatyabhASaNaM pApaM vartate-tU jhUTha na bol| jhUTha ___ bolanA pApa hai| 9. yaH asatyaM vadati kaH apitasya vizvAsaM na karoti-jo jhUTha bolatA hai, koI usakA vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| 10. yadi kaH api bAlakaH asatyam vadati tarhi guruH taM tADayati-agara koI bAlaka jhUTha bolatA hai, to guru usako mAratA hai| 11. yaH satyaM vadati tasya sarvajanaH vizvAsaM karoti-jo saca bolatA hai, usakA saba loga vizvAsa karate haiN| 12. tvaM sadA satyaM vada, satyabhASaNaM puNyaM vartate-tU sadA saca bola, saca bolanA puNya hai| 13. yadA bAlakaH satyaM vadati tadA guruH taM naivaM tADayati-jaba bAlaka saca bolatA hai, taba guru usako nahIM maartaa| 14. ataH kadApi asatyaM na vaktavyam, parantu sadaiva satyaM vaktavyam-isalie kabhI 117

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bhI jhUTha nahIM bolanA cAhie, sadA saca hI bolanA cAhie / 15. idam aham anRtAt satyam upaimi - yaha maiM jhUTha se (jhUTha ko chor3akara) satya ko prApta hotA hU~ / pATha 36 pahale pAThoM meM pulliMga, strIliMga tathA napuMsakaliMga zabdoM ke rUpa sAta vibhaktiyoM meM de cuke haiN| koI akArAnta zabda strIliMga meM nahIM hai / jaba koI akArAnta zabda strIliMga banatA hai taba usake 'a' kA prAyaH 'A' ho jAtA hai| jaise pulliMga strIliMga uttamaH puruSaH uttamA strI uttama puruSa uttama strI inameM 'uttama' zabda jo pahale vAkya meM pulliMga thA, vaha dUsare vAkya meM strIliMga banA, taba usakA rUpa 'uttamA' ho gyaa| isI prakAra saba rUpa badalate haiN| dekhie(1) pulliMga - 1. zvetaH rathaH - safeda ratha ( gAr3I) / 2. madhuraH AmraH - mIThA aam| 3. zobhanaH samayaH - acchA samaya / ( 2 ) strIliMga - 1. zvetA puSpamAlA - sapheda phUloM kI mAlA / 2. madhurA kuNDalinI - mIThI jalebI / 3. zobhanA velA - acchA smy| (3) napuMsakaliMga - 1. zvetaM puSpam - safeda phUla / 2. madhuraM dugdham - mIThA dUdha / 3. zobhanaM dRzyam - sundara dRzya ( naz2ArA ) / isa prakAra tInoM liMgoM meM rUpa badalate haiM / vizeSaNa ( guNavAcaka zabda ) kA liMga vizeSya (guNavAcaka zabda ) jaisA hogA / isI niyama ke anusAra ukta vizeSaNoM ke liMga guNI ke liMgoM ke anusAra badalate Ae haiN| spaSTa samajhane ke lie pAThakoM ko dubArA dekhanA cAhie ki Upara die hue tInoM liMgoM ke vizeSaNa, eka hI hote hue, guNI ke liMga bhinna-bhinna hone ke kAraNa, kaise bhinna-bhinna ho gae haiN| aba isa pATha meM kucha vizeSaNa dete haiM vizeSaNa zabda uttama - uttama / zreSTha-zreSTha, acchaa| vara-zreSTha / pIta- piilaa| rakta-lAla / nIla-nIlA / andha - andhA / vadhira - baharA / madhyama - bIcavAlA / kaniSTha-kaniSTha, choTA / catura- catura, samajhadAra / udyamazIla - mehanatI, parizramI / zveta- safeda / harita - harA / tAmra - lAla / taruNa - javAna / kRssnn-kaalaa| alasa- AlasI / rugNa - rogI / | 118 nIroga - svastha / vAmana - ThiganA /

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ina saba zabdoM ke liMga guNiyoM (vizeSyoM) ke liMgoM ke anusAra badalate rheNge| yaha Apa nimna vAkyoM meM dekha sakate haiN| yadi yaha bAta pAThakoM ke dhyAna meM A gaI to Age kA vyAkaraNa unake lie bahuta sugama ho jaaegaa| vAkya 1. uttamaH puruSaH zobhane prAtaHkAle uttiSThati-uttama manuSya suhAvane savere ke samaya ___ meM uThatA hai| 2. zuddhena jalena snAtvA santhyopAsanaM karoti-zuddha jala se snAna karake sandhyopAsanA karatA hai| 3. yaH evaM sadA karoti saH eva uttamaH manuSyaH bhavati-jo isa prakAra hamezA karatA hai, vahI uttama manuSya hotA hai| 4. yA evaM sadA karoti sA api uttamA strI bhavati-jo isa prakAra hamezA karatI hai, vaha bhI uttama strI hotI hai| 5. prAtaH snAnaM sandhyopAsanaM ca zreSThaM karma asti, iti ahaM vadAmi-prAtaH snAna ____ aura sandhyopAsanA zreSTha kArya hai, yaha maiM kahatA huuN| 6. saH andhapuruSaH raktaM vastram Anayati-vaha andhA manuSya lAla kapar3A lAtA 7. sA andhA strI zvetAM puSpamAlAm Anayati-vaha andhI strI safeda phUloM kI mAlA lAtI hai| 8. saH vRddhaH puruSaH zvete rathe upavizya atra Agacchati-vaha bUr3hA manuSya safeda gAr3I ___meM baiThakara yahA~ AtA hai| 9. sA vRddhA strI raktaM vastraM haste gRhItvA dhAvati-vaha bUr3hI strI lAla kapar3A hAtha meM lekara daur3atI hai| 10. saH udyamazIlaH bAlaH sadA uttama pustakaM paThati-vaha udyamI bAlaka sadA uttama pustaka par3hatA hai| 11. udyamazIlA bAlikA sadA uttamAM puSpamAlAM karoti-udyamI lar3akI hamezA uttama puSpamAlA banAtI hai| 12. saH rugNaH bAlaH madhuram api dugdhaM na pibati-vaha rogI bAlaka mIThA dUdha nahIM piitaa| 13. sA rugNA bAlikA madhuram api dugdhaM na pibati-vaha rogI lar3akI mIThA dUdha bhI nahIM piitii|

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vizeSaNa zabda akhila-saba, smpuurnn| adhika-aura bhut| adhyetavya-par3hane yogy| anuttama-sabase uttm| abhivAdya-namaskAra ke yogy| adhIta-par3hA huaa| anargha-bahumUlya / antika-pAsa / antya-AkhIra kA, antima / avAcya-bolane ke ayogy| arpita-arpaNa kiyA huaa| santuSTa-khuza, prsnn| asantuSTa-nAkhuza, aprsnn| ktthin-mushkil| kathanIya-kahane yogya / tuly-smaan| draSTavya-dekhane yogya / niktt-smiip| nikhil-sb| pariSkRta-saMskAra kiyA huaa| puurv-phlaa| peya-pIne yogy| bhakSya-khAne 'ke yogy| duHkhit-piidd'it| aviplut-sdaacaarii| azikSita-ajJAnI / IdRza-aisA / grAhya-lene yogya / cintita-socA huaa| dAtavya-dene yogya / naSTa-nAza ko prApta / pathya-hitakAraka / para-dUsarA / pAlanIya-pAlane yogy| bhIta-DarA huaa| pUjanIya-satkAra ke yogya / bubhukssit-bhuukhaa| bhayAkula-DarA huaa| mukhodgata-mukha se nikalA huaa| vizeSaNoM kA upayoga pulliMga strIliMga napuMsakaliMga 1. santuSTaH puruSaH santuSTA nArI santuSTaM mitram 2. kathanIyaH vRttAntaH kathanIyA kathA kathanIyaM caritram 3. draSTavyaH grAmaH draSTavyA nadI draSTavyaM dRzyam 4. pUrvaH puruSaH pUrvA dIpamAlA pUrvaM pustakam 5. duHkhitaH putraH duHkhitA putrikA duHkhitaM kalatram 6. dAtavyaH azvaH dAtavyA gauH dAtavyaM dAnam 7. pAlanIyaH bhRtyaH . pAlanIyA dAsI pAlanIyaM mitram isa prakAra saba vizeSaNoM kA bhinna liMgoM meM upayoga hotA hai| AzA hai pAThaka isa prakAra prayoga karake aneka vAkya bnaaeNge| yahA~ pAThakoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki saba akArAnta vizeSaNoM kA strIliMga meM 'A' hI banatA hai, aisA koI pakkA niyama nahIM hai| kucha sthitiyoM meM 'I' bhI banatI hai| jaise-IdRzaH deshH| IdRzI avsthaa| IdRzaM ngrm| isakA vizeSa niyama Age batAyA jaaegaa| sAtha hI pAThakoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki saMskRta meM (vizeSya-vizeSaNoM ke) liMga, vibhakti tathA vacana samAna hI hote haiN| jaise (ka) 1. dAtavyam azvaM saH aanyti| 2. dAtavyAya azvAya jalaM dehi| |120| 3. dAtavyasya azvasya vastraM kutra asti ?

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(kha) 1. pAlanIyAyai putrikAyai annaM dehi / 2. pAlanIyAM putrikAM pazya / 3. pAlanIyAyAH putrikAyAH patram Agatam / (ga) 1. akhilaH saMsAraH IzvareNa kRtaH / 2. akhilayA senayA yuddhaM kRtam / akhilaM pustakaM mayA paThitam / (gha) 1. santuSTaH rAjA dravyaM dadAti / 2. santuSTaM mitraM kiM karoti ? 3. santuSTA bAlikA idAnIM hasati / (Ga) 1. pUjanIyaH guruH AgataH / 2. pUjanIyA mAtA AgatA / 3. pUjanIyaM jJAnaM dehi / pATha 37 nAma - nAmavAlA / kazcid - koI eka / prajvAlya - jalAkara / svakIya - apanA / satvaram - [- jaldI / varNa- raMga / saundaryam - khUbasUratI / nitya- hamezA / laghu-choTA / AhAra - bhojana / navIna- nyaa| prAcIna- puraanaa| AkAra - zakla / kurUpatA - badasUratI / vAkya 1. gaGgAdharaH nAma kazcid bAlaH atIva udyamazIlaH asti- gaMgAdhara nAmaka koI eka bAlaka bahuta udyogI hai| 2. saH prAtaH eva uttiSThati, dIpaM prajvAlya pustakaM gRhItvA, svIyaM pAThaM paThati - vaha savere hI uThatA hai, dIpa jalAkara, pustaka lekara apanA pATha par3hatA hai / 3. yadA saH uttiSThati tadA sUryaH api na udayate - jaba vaha uThatA hai taba sUrya bhI nahIM ugatA / 4. saH svakIyasya pAThasya adhyayanaM kRtvA snAnaM karoti, snAtvA ca nityaM karma karoti-vaha apanA pATha par3hakara nahAtA hai, aura nahAkara nityakarma (saMdhyA Adi) karatA hai| 5. pazcAd laghum AhAraM bhakSayitvA satvaraM pAThazAlAM gacchati - bAda meM thor3A bhojana khAkara pAThazAlA jAtA hai / 6. tatra navInaM pAThaM gRhItvA svakIyaM gRham Agachati - vahAM nayA pATha lekara apane ghara AtA hai / 7. saH kadApi mArge na krIDati - vaha mArga meM kabhI nahIM khelatA / 8. ataH sarvadA saH prasannaH bhavati-ataH vaha hamezA khuza rahatA hai 1 121

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zabda pRcchati-vaha pUchatA hai| pRcchasi-tU pUchatA hai| pRcchAmi-maiM pUchatA huuN| samyak-acchI prkaar| pratidinam-hara eka din| pRssttm-puuchaa| pRssttvaa-puuchkr| prshn-prshn,svaal| uttrm-uttr,jvaab| vaayusevnm-hvaakh'orii| vAkya 1. zRNu devaH taM kiM pRcchati-suna, deva usase kyA pUchatA hai| 2. saH uccaiH na vadati, ataH ahaM tasya bhASaNaM zrotuM na zaknomi-vaha U~cA nahIM bolatA, isalie maiM usakA bhASaNa suna nahIM sktaa| 3. satvaraM tatra gatvA zRNu-zIghra vahA~ jAkara sun| 4. mama bhramaNasya samayaH jAtaH, ataH tatra gantuM na zaknomi-merA ghUmane kA samaya ___ ho gayA hai, isalie vahA~ nahIM jA sktaa| 5. kiM tvaM pratidinaM sAyaDkAle bhramaNAya gacchasi-kyA tU pratidina zAma ko ghUmane jAtA hai ? 6. ahaM dine dine sAyaGkAle prAtaHkAle vA bhramaNAya gacchAmi-maiM pratidina zAma ko yA savere ke samaya bhramaNa ke lie jAtA huuN| 7. sAyaGkAlabhramaNAt prAtaHkAle bhramaNaM varam asti-zAma ke samaya ghUmane se savere ke samaya ghUmanA acchA hai| kriyAoM ke tIna kAla hote haiN| eka vartamAna kAla, dUsarA bhUtakAla aura tIsarA bhaviSyat kaal| ina vartamAna tathA bhaviSyat kAla ke viSaya meM pAThakoM ne jAna liyA hai| jaise vartamAna kAla-gacchAmi-jAtA huuN| bhaviSyat kaal-gmissyaami-jaauuNgaa| aba bhUtakAla ke viSaya meM batAte haiN| bhUtakAla 'sma' zabda lagA dene se bana jAtA hai| vartamAna kAla ke rUpa ke Age 'sma' rakhane se usI kriyA kA bhUtakAla bana jAtA hai| jaisevartamAna kAla bhUtakAla gacchati-jAtA hai| gacchati sma-jAtA thaa| karoti-karatA hai| karoti sma-karatA thaa| uttiSThati-uThatA hai| uttiSThati sma-uThatA thaa|

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vAkya 1. rAmaH udyAne sadA gacchati - rAma bAg2a meM hamezA jAtA hai / 2. rAmaH udyAne sadA gacchati sma-rAma bAg2a meM hamezA jAtA thA / 3. kRSNena saha bhASaNaM karomi - ( maiM ) kRSNa ke sAtha bAta karatA hU~ / 4. tvaM tena saha bhASaNaM karoSi - tU usake sAtha bhASaNa (bAta) karatA hai / 5. saH mitreNa saha bhASaNaM karoti sma - vaha mitra ke sAtha bhASaNa karatA thA / 6. saH bAlaH mArge krIDati sma - vaha bAlaka mArga meM khelatA thA / 7. rAjA yuddhaM karoti sma - rAjA yuddha karatA thA / 8. saH karma karoti sma - vaha kAma karatA thA / 9. saH phalaM bhakSayati sma - vaha phala khAtA thA / 10. saH prAtaH uttiSThati sma - vaha sabere uThatA thA / pichale pATha meM jo vizeSaNa die gae haiM unakA tInoM liMgoM meM upayoga karake kucha vAkya yahA~ de rahe haiN| unheM dekhakara pAThakoM ko vizeSaNoM ke prayoga kA jJAna ho jaaegaa| isalie pAThaka hara eka vAkya ke vizeSaNoM ko dhyAna se dekheM aura unake upayoga kA DhaMga jAna leM / vAkya 1. akhilasya saMsArasya kiM mUlam ? 2. akhilAyAH sRSTeH kiM mUlam ? 3. akhilasya jagataH kiM mUlam ? 1. mayA uttamAya brAhmaNAya modakaH arpitaH / 2. mayA uttamAyai paMDitAyai puSpamAlA arpitaa| 3. mayA uttamAya mitrAya pustakam arpitam / 1. pazya taM duHkhitaM bAlakam / 2. pazya tAM duHkhitAM naariim| 3. pazya taM duHkhitaM mitram / 1. tasmai tRSitAya manuSyAya peyaM jalaM dehi / 2. tasyai tRSitAyai putrikAyai peyAM yavAgUM dehi / 3. tasmai tRSitAya mitrAya peyaM dugdhaM dehi / 1. mayA adhItaM granthaM tvaM naya / 2. mayA adhItAM kathAM tvaM zRNu / 3. mayA adhItaM pustakaM tvaM paTha / zabda saMsAraH - duniyA (pulliMga) / picchA - piccha, cAvaloM kA paanii| jagat-duniyA (napuMsakaliMga ) / sRSTiH - duniyA (strIliMga ) / paNDitA - viduSI strI / nArikA - strI / zobhana - uttama / paNDitaH - vidvAn puruSa / kArya-kAma / tRSita - pyAsA / gauH - gAya / 123

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sarala vAkya 1. mayA abhivAdyaH guruH idAnIm atra Agacchati / 2. tena adya zobhanA kathA kathanIyA / 3. tvaM badhirAya manuSyAya zuSkaM puSpaM na dehi / 4. ahaM tasyai bubhukSitAyai nArikAyai uttamam annaM peyaM ca pAnIyaM dAtum icchAmi / 5. yadA saH pUjanIyAya gurakhe akhilaM dhanaM dAsyati tadA tvam evaM vada / 6. pazya mitra, mayA adya prAtaHkAle uttamA gauH gaMgAyAH tIre dRSTA / 7. yadA tvaM kaThinaM kAryaM kariSyasi, tadA ahaM tava sAhAyyAya AgamiSyAmi / 124 nimna vAkyoM kI saMskRta banAie 1. rAma kI sItA nAmaka pativratA strI thI / 2. rAmacandra ne rAvaNa kA vadha kiyaa| 3. jaisI mArga meM kala kIcar3a huI thI, vaisI Aja nahIM huI / 4. kala bAdala se pAnI bahuta barasA thA, isalie kIcar3a huI thI / 5. kapar3A dhone ke lie zuddha jala uttama hotA hai| yaha jala atyanta azuddha hai, isase kapar3A kaise dhoU~ / pATha 38 zabda mAlAkAraH - mAlI / lauhakAraH - lohAra / rathakAraH, kASThakAraH - tarkhAna, bar3haI / vaidyaH- vaidya / suvarNakAraH - sunAra / carmakAraH - camAra / upAnat - jUtA / ghaTIkAraH - ghar3IsAz2a / vastrakAraH - darz2I | citrakAraH - citrakAra / rajakaH - dhobI / mUrtikAraH - mUrti banAnevAlA / vAkya 1. mAlAkAraH udyAne karma karoti-mAlI bAg2a meM kAma karatA hai / 2. vaidyaH rugNAya janAya auSadhaM dadAti-vaidya rogI ke lie ( ko ) davAI detA hai / 3. suvarNakAraH suvarNasya AbhUSaNaM karoti sma -sunAra sone kA gahanA banAtA thA / 4. carmakAraH upAnat karoti - camAra jUtA banAtA hai / 5. citrakAraH uttamam Alekhyam Alikhati - citrakAra uttama citra khIMcatA hai| 6. rajakaH jalena vastraM prakSAlayati - dhobI jala meM kapar3e dhotA hai / 7. ghaTIkAraH ghaTIyantraM karoti - ghar3IsAz2a ghar3I banAtA hai| 8. rathakAraH rathaM karoti sma - -bar3haI gAr3I banAtA hai /

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zabda puSpANi-(aneka) phuul| vastrANi-(aneka) vstr| pAtrANi-(aneka) paatr| rjtm-caaNdii| taamrm-taaNbaa| pittlm-piitl| bhavanti-hote haiN| lauhH-lohaa| suvrnnm-sonaa| vnggm-klii| rjtaabhrkm-elumiiniym| mRNmaya-miTTI kaa| bhuuni-bhut| sAdhu-acche prkaar| vAkya 1. mAlAkAraH udyAnaM gatvA bahUni puSpANi Anayati-mAlI bAg2a meM jAkara bahuta se phUla lAtA hai| 2. suvarNakAraH rajatasya bahUni pAtrANi atIva manoharANi karoti-sunAra cA~dI ke atyanta sundara bahuta se bartana banAtA hai| 3. tAmrasya pAtre jalam atIva suzuddhaM bhavati-tA~be ke bartana meM jala atyanta zuddha hotA hai| 4. pittalasya pAtrANi pItAni bhavanti-pItala ke bartana pIle hote haiN| 5. tAmrasya pAtrANi raktAni-tAMbe ke bartana lAla hote haiN| 6. rajakaH raktaM vastraM sAdhu prakSAlayituM na zaknoti-dhobI lAla kapar3A acchI prakAra nahIM dho sktaa| 7. suvarNapAtraM zobhanam-sone kA bartana acchA hai| zabda taDAgaH-tAlAba / kUpaH-kuA~ / samudraH-samudra / sAgaraH-samudra / smiipm-paas| prapA-pAnI pIne kA sthAna, pyaauu| ndii-driyaa| snAnagRha-nahAne kA sthaan| jalanalikA-pAnI kA nl| vAkya 1. tvaM tar3Agasya samIpaM gaccha tatraiva' ca snAnaM kuru-tU tAlAba ke pAsa jA aura vahIM snAna kr| 2. tasya taDAgasya jalamatIva' malinamasti tena snAnaM kartuM necchAmi'-usa tAlAba ___kA jala bahuta hI gaMdA hai, usase snAna karanA nahIM caahtaa| 3. tarhi asya kUpasya jalena snAnaM kuru-to usa kue~ ke jala se snAna kr| 1. tatra + ev| 2. jalam + atiiv| 3. malinam + asti| 4. na + icchaami|

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4. asya kUpasya jalaM bahu zItam asti, ataH ahaM tenApi snAnaM kartuM necchAmi-isa kue~ kA jala bahuta ThaMDA hai, isalie maiM usase bhI snAna karanA nahIM caahtaa| 5. yadi kUpasya zuddhena jalena api snAnaM kartuM necchasi tarhi mama snAnAgAre gatvA tatra sthitena jalena snAnaM kuru-agara kue~ ke zuddha jala se bhI snAna karanA nahIM cAhatA, to mere snAnaghara meM jAkara vahA~ rakhe hue jala se snAna kr| 6. zobhanam ! bho mitra ! yathA tvayA uktaM tathA karomi-acchI bAta hai ! mitra ! jaisA tUne kahA, vaisA karatA huuN| zabda vaktuma-bolane ke lie| zikSitaH-sikhAyA huaa| nrptiH-raajaa| kasmiMzcid-kisI eka meN| prazne kRte-prazna karane pr| anayat-(vaha) le gyaa| anayaH-(tU) le gyaa| anayam-(maiM) le gyaa| pravizya-praveza karake / bhaassnnm-bolnaa| shrutvaa-sunkr| svamandiram-apanA mhl| muurkhH-muuddh'| krItaH-qharIdA huaa| shukH-totaa| sndehH-sNshy| nreshH-raajaa| rAjJA-rAjA ne| rAjan-he raajaa| rAjasabhA-rAjA kA drbaar| vAcam-vANI ko| lakSarUpyakANi-lAkha rupye| ddau-die| sthaapyitvaa-rkhkr| kupitH-krodhit| bahumUlyaH-bahuta kImata vaalaa| pRssttvaan-puuchaa| pakSipAlakaH-pakSiyoM kA pAlana karane vaalaa| dhUrtaH-zaTha, tthg| zukasya kathA kenacit dhUrtena pakSipAlakena ekaH zukaH manuSya iva vaktuM shikssitH| kasmiMzcid api prazne kRte 'atra kaH sandehaH' ityeva saH zukaH vdti| ekadA saH pakSipAlakaH taM zukaM narezasya samIpam anayat / tatra rAjasabhAM pravizya pakSipAlakena uktam-"he rAjan ! ayaM zukaH manuSya iva sarvabhASaNaM vdti|" pakSipAlakasya etad vacanaM zrutvA rAjJA zukaM prati praznaH kRtaH-"he zuka ! kiM tvaM sarvadA manuSyasya vAcaM vadasi ?" zukena uktam-"atra kaH sndehH|" iti tena uttareNa atIva santuSTaH saH rAjA tasmai pakSipAlakAya lakSarUpyakANi ddau| pazcAd svamandire zukaM nItvA tatra ca uttame sthAne taM sthApayitvA yadA praznaH kRtaH tadA sarvasya api praznasya 'atra kaH sandehaH' iti eva ekam uttaraM tena zukena dattam / tadA kupitena rAjJA punaH zukaM prati praznaH kRtaH "re zuka ! tvam 'atra kaH sandehaH' iti eva vaktuM jAnAsi ?" zukena uktam-"atra kaH sandehaH" iti| tadA saH rAjA taM zukaM punaH pRSTavAn-"re zuka ! tarhi kim ahaM mUrkhaH, yat mayA bahumUlyena tvaM kriitH|" zukena uktam-"atra kaH sandehaH" iti| /

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vicArya eva sarvaM kAryaM kartavyam / yathA rAjJA avicArya eva mahatA mUlyena zukaH krItaH tathA kena api mUrkhatvaM na kartavyam / pATha 39 zabda IzvaraH - Izvara | pAlakaH - pAlana karanevAlA / janaH - manuSya / dvArapAlaH - darabAna, caparAsI / kardamaH - kIcar3a / tantuvAyaH - julAhA / saucikaH - darz2I / godhUmaH - gehU~, kanaka / viDAlaH- billI / maNDUkaH - meMDhaka / vRSabhaH - baila | Upara likhe zabdoM kI sAtoM vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa pUrvokta 'deva' zabda ke samAna hote haiN| 1 vAkya 1. dvArapAlakaH dvAri tiSThati gRhaM ca rakSati - darabAna daravAz2e para khar3A rahakara ghara kI rakSA karatA hai / 2. vAnaraH vRkSe sthitvA phalaM bhakSayati- bandara vRkSa para rahakara phala khAtA hai / 3. IzvaraH pAlakaH asti, sarvaM ca vizvaM sarvadA rakSati - paramezvara rakSaka hai aura sAre saMsAra kI sadA rakSA karatA hai| 4. hyaH tena dvArapAlena cauraH atIva tADitaH - kala usa paharedAra ne cora ko bahuta mArA / 5. maNDUkaH jale asti, taM pazya- meMDhaka pAnI meM hai, use dekha | 6. viDAlaH dugdhaM pibati - billA dUdha pItA hai| kriyA patati - (vaha) giratA hai / patasi - (tU) giratA hai| patAmi- giratA hU~ / calati - (vaha) calatA hai / patiSyati - (vaha) giregA / patiSyasi - (tU) giregA / patiSyAmi - girU~gA / calasi - (tU) calatA hai / calAmi- calatA hU~ / caliSyati - (vaha) clegaa| caliSyasi - (tU) clegaa| caliSyAmi - calU~gA / 127

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vAkya 1. rAmacandrasya putraH atIva dhAvati, ataH patati ca-rAmacandra kA lar3akA bahuta daur3ata hai, isalie giratA hai| 2. yadi tvam evaM kariSyasi tarhi patiSyasi eva-agara tU aisA karegA to giregA hii| 3. tvaM zvaH prAtaHkAle bhramaNAya caliSyasi kim-tU kala savere ghUmane calegA kyA ? 4. aham idAnIM tasya chatraM nayAmi, tvaM tasmai kathaya-maiM aba usakA chAtA le jAtA hU~, tU use btaa| 5. tasya gRhe azvaH asti tathA viDAlaH api asti-usake ghara ghor3A hai tathA billA bhI hai| 6. tasya vastraM mayA prakSAlitam-usakA vastra maiMne dhoyaa| zabda prdiipH-diiyaa| ghRtm-dhii| takram-lassI (dahI kI), mtttthaa| bhUtam-ho gyaa| pacati-(vaha) pakAtA hai| pacasi-(tU) pakAtA hai| pacAmi-pakAtA huuN| paciSyati-vaha pkaaegaa| paciSyasi-tU pkaaegaa| pcissyaami-pkaauuNgaa| vAkya 1. saH tasya gRhe annaM pacati-vaha usake ghara meM anna pakAtA hai| 2. tasya peTakaH kutra asti yasmin tena svakIyaM dravyaM rakSitam asti-usakA sandUka kahA~ hai, jisameM usane apanA dhana rakhA hai ? 3. yadA saH puruSaH svagRhaM gataH tadA tena svakIyaH peTakaH kutra sthApitaH iti ahaM na jAnAmi-jaba vaha vyakti apane ghara gayA taba usane apanA TraMka kahA~ rakhA, yaha maiM nahIM jaantaa| 4. bhUmitraH jAnAti kim-kyA bhUmitra jAnatA hai ? 5. he bhUmitra ! kiM tvaM jAnAsi-bhUmitra ! kyA tU jAnatA hai ? 6. ahamapi naiva jAnAmi parantu sUryasiMhaH jAnAti-maiM bhI nahIM jAnatA, parantu sUryasiMha jAnatA hai| 7. tarhi taM pRccha-to usase puuch| 8. saH vadati svapeTakaH api tena svagRhaM nItaH iti-vaha kahatA hai ki vaha apanA ___TraMka bhI vahI apane ghara le gyaa| 9. Izvarasya pUjanam avazyaM kartavyam-Izvara kA pUjana avazya karanA caahie| 10. adhyApakasya samIpaM satvaraM gaccha-guru ke samIpa jaldI jaa|

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sabako napuMsakaliMga sarvanAmoM ke ekavacana meM rUpa (1) sarva- prathamA sarvam saba dvitIyA kim- prathamA kim kauna , dvitIyA kisako prathamA jo , dvitIyA jisako (4) tat- prathamA tata vaha , dvitIyA usako inakI zeSa vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa sarvanAmoM ke pulliMga rUpoM ke samAna hote haiN| dekhie pATha 17 meM 'sarva' zabda, pATha 18 meM 'kim' zabda, pATha 22 meM 'yad' tathA 'tad' shbd| pAThaka inake rUpa banAkara likheM, jisase ve inako kabhI bhUla na skeN| pATha 40 zabda kathayati-(vaha) kahatA hai| kathayasi-(tU) kahatA hai| kathayAmi-kahatA huuN| vahati-(vaha) bojha uThAtA hai| vahasi-(tU) bojha uThAtA hai| vahAmi-(maiM) bojha uThAtA huuN| zakaTaH-gaDDA, chkdd'aa| balIvardaH-baila / kathayiSyasi-(ta) khegaa|kthyissyti-(vh) khegaa| vahiSyati-(vaha) bojha utthaaegaa| kthyissyaami-khuuNgaa| vahiSyAmi-(maiM) bojha utthaauuNgaa| vahiSyasi-(tU) bojha utthaaegaa| chtrm-chaataa| bhRtyaH-naukara / viSTaraH-kursI, sTUla, aasn| vAkya 1. saH paNDitaH rAtrau rAmasya kathAM kathayiSyati, tvamapi zrotum Agaccha-paNDita rAta ko rAma kI kathA karegA, tuma bhI sunane ke lie aanaa| 2. balIvardaH zakaTaM vahati, grAmAt grAmaM calati ca-baila gAr3I khIMcatA hai aura eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va jAtA hai| 3. rajakasya mahiSaH adya atra na asti, yatra kutra api gataH-dhobI kA bhaiMsA Aja yahA~ nahIM hai, kahIM idhara-udhara calA gayA hai| 4. mama bhRtyaH idAnImeva ApaNaM gataH, saH adya sAyam AgamiSyati-merA naukara 129

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abhI bAz2Ara gayA hai, vaha Aja zAma ko aaegaa| 5. kathaya, hyaH tena kiM kiM kRtaM, kathaM ca dinaM gatam iti-batA, kala usane kyA-kyA kiyA aura dina kaise bItA ? zabda jvalasi-(tU) jalatA hai| jvalAmi-jalatA huuN| jalpati-(vaha) bolatA hai| jalpasi-(tU) bolatA hai| jalpAmi-bolatA huuN| yogy-laayk| dIpazalAkApeTikA-diyAsalAI kI ddibbii| diipshlaakaa-diyaaslaaii| jvaliSyati-(vaha) jlegaa| jvaliSyasi-(tU) jlegaa| jvlissyaami-jluuNgaa| jalpiSyati-(vaha) bolegaa| jalpiSyasi-(tU) bolegaa| jlpissyaami-boluuNgaa| gaaddhH-ghnaa| prjvaaly-jlaa| vAkya 1. tatra agniH jvalati, ataH tatra tvaM na gaccha-vahA~ Aga jalatI hai, isalie tU vahA~ na jaa| 2. saH evaM vRthA jalpati, tat na zrotuM yogyam asti-vaha isa prakAra vyartha bolatA hai, vaha sunane yogya nhiiN| 3. idAnIM rAtriH AgatA, gADhaH andhakAraH bhaviSyati, ataH pradIpaMprajvAlayiSyAmi-aba rAtri A gaI, ghanA aMdherA ho jAegA, isalie diyA jlaauuNgaa| 4. tena agnizalAkA-peTikA kutra rakSitA iti na jAnAmi-usane diyAsalAI kI DibbI kahA~ rakhI, mujhe patA nhiiN| 5. tatra maJcake dIpazalAkA asti| tAM gRhItvA dIpa prajvAlaya zIghraM ca atra Anaya-vahA~ mez2a para diyAsalAI hai| use lekara diyA jalA, aura jaldI yahA~ le aa| zabda nirmitH-bnaayaa| corayati-(vaha) curAtA hai| corayasi-(tU) curAtA hai| corayAmi-curAtA huuN| corayiSyati-(vaha) curaaegaa| corayiSyasi-(tU) curaaegaa| coryissyaami-curaauuNgaa| aphRtaa-curaaii| cpettikaa-cpt| kttH-cttaaii| shikym-chikkaa| puccham-pU~cha, dum| vrshcnH-caakuu| vAkya 1. tvaM taM kaTaM kutra nayasi-tU usa caTAI ko kahA~ le jAtA hai ? 150] 2. ahaM taM svagRhaM nayAmi-maiM use apane ghara le jAtA huuN|

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3. tava yaSTikA kutra asti- terI soTI kahA~ hai ? 4. mama yaSTikA caureNa hyaH apahRtA- merI soTI kala cora ne curA lii| 5. tasya khaTvA kutra asti - usakI cArapAI kahA~ hai ? 6. tasya azvasya pucchaM pazya-usake ghor3e kI pU~cha dekha / 7. tasmin zikye tena pAtraM rakSitam-usa chIMke meM usane bartana rakhA / 8. tasmin pAtre mayA dugdhaM rakSitam-usa bartana meM maiMne dUdha rakhA / 9. tad dugdhaM biDAlena adya pItam, ataH tatra dugdhaM nAsti - vaha dUdha bille ne Aja piyA, isalie vahA~ dUdha nahIM hai| 10. yaH lohasya peTakaH tena lohakAreNa nirmitaH saH atIva zobhanaH - jo lohe kA TraMka usa lohAra ne banAyA, vaha bahuta acchA hai I zabda bhAdrapadaH-bhAdoM / kRSNa-kRSNa pakSa / saptamyAm saptamI ke dina / UrNA - Una / UrNAvastram - duzAlA, UnI vastra / prAcInatamaH - atyanta purAnA / manoramaH - mana ko Ananda dene vaalaa| prAcInaH - purAnA / prasannaH - Anandita / dharmaH - garamI / guNasampannaH - guNI / nagaradarzanAya - zahara dikhAne ke lie / nizcayaH - nizcaya / alam ativistareNa - bahuta vistAra vyartha hai / dvandvam - yuddha / kAvyam - kAvya / chidram - sUrAqha / tailam - tela / preSitaH - bhejA huaa| zam - sukha / anusRtya - anusaraNa karake / draSTavyam - dekhane yogya / zarmaNaH - zarmA kA / kretum - qharIdane ke lie| atIva - bahuta hI / itihAsaH - tavArIkha, itihAsa | nAmnA - nAma se / AsIt - thA / cihna - nizAna / parAkASThA-U~ce darje taka / dhanADhya-paise vAlA / azva-rathaH - ghor3A gAr3I / tailavASpam - tela kI bhApa / padAtinA - paidala / prazaMsA - stuti / nindA - nindA / nidrA - niiNd| kaumudI - cA~danI / bhoH priyamitra yajJadatta ! patra - lekhanam OM dillI nagare vikramIye 2008 saMvatsare bhAdrapadasya kRSNa - saptamyAm 131

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namaste ! tava AjJAm anusRtya aham atra adya prAtaH eva aagtH| asmin nagare yat kiMcid api draSTavyam asti tad dRSTvA zvaH vA parazvaH vA asmAt sthAnAt amRtasaranagaraM gmissyaami| yadA aham amRtasaraM gamiSyAmi tadA tava mitrasya candraketuzarmaNaH kRte ekaM UrNAvastraM kretum icchaami| __ bhoH priyavayasya ! etad dillInagaram atIva sundaram asti| asya prAcInatamaH itihAsaH ca atIva manoramaH asti| adya eva indraprasthaM tathA 'kutubamInAra' iti nAmnA prasiddha sthAnam api mayA dRSTam / pANDavAnAM samaye etad eva dillInagara 'indraprasthaH' iti nAmnA prasiddham aasiit| hastinApuraM tu meraThamaNDale asti| IdRzasya prAcInatamasya sthAnasya darzanena mama manaH prasannaM bhvti| pANDavakAlasya smaraNam api puruSam Anandasya parAkASThAM nyti| ____ atra tu asmin mAse zItaM na bhavati / sUryasya Atapena dharmaH eva bhvti| zItakAle bahuzItaM tathA uSNakAle atIva dharmaH bhvti| atra ahaM mahAzayasya kundanalAlasya gRhe sthitH| mahAzayaH kundanalAlaH atIva dhanADhyaH puruSaH asmin nagare asti| tasya putraH candanalAlanAmakaH guNasampannaH asti| eSa candanalAlaH mayA saha nagaradarzanAya bhrmti| ahaM na azvarathena bhramAmi nApi 'moTara'-iti nAmnA prasiddhena tailvaassp-rthen| parantu yad draSTavyam asti tat sarvaM padAtinA eva draSTavyam iti mayA nizcayaH kRtH| idAnIm alam ativistareNa / mama anyat patram amRtasarAt preSitaM bhvissyti| iti shubhm| bhavadIyaH vayasyaH AnandasAgaraH puMlliMga pATha 41 zabda napuMsakaliMga kusumm-phuul| grlm-j'hr| jlm-paanii| 132 arbhkH-baalk| graamH-gaaNv| crnnH-paaNv|

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nRpaH - rAjA / prasAdaH - kRpA, meharabAnI / rakSakaH - paharedAra / parNam - pattA | patram - pattA, patra / bhUSaNam - z2evara | vatsaH - bachar3A, bAlaka / puram - zahara / Upara pulliMga tathA napuMsakaliMga zabda die haiM, jinake Age visarga hai ve zabda pulliMga samajhane cAhieM, jaise- nRpaH, vatsaH ityAdi / jinake anta meM 'anusvAra' athavA 'm' ho ve zabda napuMsakaliMga samajhane cAhieM, jaise- puraM, patram ityAdi / Age ke pAThoM meM hama isI prakAra zabda deMge jisase pAThakoM ko zabdoM ke liMgoM kA patA cala jAe / jina zabdoM ke anta meM 'A' hotA hai, ve zabda prAyaH strIliMga hote haiM / dekhie 1 zabda / gaGgA - gaMgA nadI / yamunA-yamunA / devatA - devI devatA kanyA - lar3akI | rekhA - lakIra / tArakA - tArA / kSamA-: -zAMti, pRthvI dharmapatnI / / kalA - hunara | priyA - pyArI, vAkya 1. manuSyaH Izvarasya prasAdena sarvaM sukhaM prApnoti- manuSya Izvara kI kRpA se saba sukha prApta karatA hai| 2. eSaH mitrasya gRhasya mArgaH asti-yaha dosta ke ghara kA mArga hai / 3. devadattaH nRpasya prasAdena atIva dhanaM prApnoti - devadatta rAjA kI kRpA se bahuta dravya prApta karatA hai / 4. tava mitrasya nivAsaH kutra asti- tere mitra kA nivAsa kahA~ hai ? 5. adya - zvaH mama mitrasya nivAsaH amRtasaranagare asti- Ajakala mere mitra kA nivAsa amRtasara meM hai / 6. kiM tvaM taM draSTum icchasi - kyA tU use dekhanA cAhatA hai ? 7. atha kim, ahaM taM zIghraM draSTum icchAmi - aura kyA, maiM usako jaldI dekhanA cAhatA hU~ / 8. kimarthaM taM tvam evaM draSTum icchasi - tU use isa prakAra kisalie dekhanA cAhatA hai ? 9. atIva kAlaH jAtaH yadA mayA saH dRSTaH, ataH ahaM taM draSTum icchAmi - bahuta samaya huA jaba maiMne usako dekhA thA, isalie maiM use dekhanA cAhatA hU~ / 10. tarhi adya madhyAhne gaccha-to Aja dopahara ko jA / 11. yadyaham itaH madhyAhne caliSyAmi, tarhi amRtasaraM kadA gamiSyAmi - agara maiM yahA~ se dopahara ko calU~gA to amRtasara kaba pahu~cU~gA ? 133

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12. yadi tvaM madhyAhne trivAdanasamaye agnirathena caliSyasi tarhi paJcavAdanasamaye amRtasaraM gamiSyasi - agara tU dopahara tIna baje ke samaya relagAr3I se calegA to pA~ca baje amRtasara pahu~cegA / 13. tarhi tadA eva ahaM gamiSyAmi - to tabhI maiM jAU~gA / 14. yadA tvaM tatra gamiSyasi tadA mama pustakam api tatra naya - jaba tU vahA~ jAe taba merI pustaka bhI le jAnA / 15. gaGgAjalam atIva nirmalam asti, ataH tad eva pAtum icchAmi - gaMgAjala bahuta hI svaccha hai, ataH vahI pInA cAhatA hU~ 16. rakSakaH dvArAt bahiH tiSThati - paharedAra daravAz2e ke bAhara khar3A hai / 134 17. purAt bahiH vanam asti - zahara se bAhara jaMgala hai| 18. tasya putraH pAThazAlAyAM paThati-usakA lar3akA skUla meM par3hatA hai / 19. samudre atIva jalaM bhavati - samudra meM bahuta jala hotA hai 20. tvaM garalaM mA piba - tU z2ahara na pI / I zabda lekhanam-likhanA / dhanikaH - paisevAlA / anyaH - dUsarA / vAcanam - bAMcanA, par3hanA / dhRtvA - pakar3akara / vicArya - vicAra karake / upavizya - baiThakara / pAlitaH - pAlA huA / nikSipya - rakhakara / sAhityam - saamaan| Asanam - baiThane kA sthAna / bahiH - bAhara / yAvat-jaba taka / ekaH - eka / uktavAn- bolA / tAvat-taba tk| prArambhaH - Arambha / svakIyaH- apanA / vihasya - ha~sakara / vilokya - dekhakara / yathApUrvam - pahale ke samAna / vAnarasya kathA ekasmin nagare kenacid dhanikena ekaH vAnaraH pAlitaH / saH dhanikaH nityaM vAnarasya samIpe eva upavizya lekhanaM vAcanaM ca karoti sm| ekadA saH dhanikaH lekhanasya sAhityaM tatra eva nikSipya anyaM kAryaM kartuM bahiH gataH / 'aham api dhanikavat likhAmi' iti vicArya vAnaraH dhanikasya Asane upavizya ekena hastena patraM gRhItvA dvitIyena lekhanIM dhRtvA yAvat lekhanasya prArambhaM kRtavAn tAvad dhanikaH api tatra AgataH / taM vAnaraM vilokya vihasya uktavAn- 'bhoH vAnarazreSTha ! idaM kiM karoSi ? kasmai patraM likhasi ?' iti vAnaraH api zIghra svakIyasthAnaM gatvA yathApUrvam upaviSTaH /

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pATha 42 zabda piSTam-ATA, pIsI huI koI vstu| kusumm-phuul| ekadA-eka smy| itaH-yahA~ se| tataH-vahA~ se| kutaH-kahA~ se| sarvataH-saba or| akssH-paaNsaa| akSaiH-pA~soM se| agrm-nok| anRtm-asty| Rtm-sty| amRtm-amRt| ambrm-aakaash| ambujm-kml| arnnym-jNgl| anggraagH-ubttn| hRdayam-dila / kmpnm-kaaNpnaa| anyAyaH-anyAya / aparAdhaH-gunAha / abhiprAyaHmatalaba / alngkaarH-jevr|sainikH-ph'aujii aadmii| bhaarvaahkH-kulii| ashubhm-paap| akSaram-akSara, hrph'| aGgam-aMga, shriir| anyjnm-surmaa| adhyynm-pddh'aaii| adbhutm-ajiib| kaaraagRhm-jelkhaanaa| caanyclym-cNcltaa| kriyA paridadhAti-(vaha) pahanatA hai| paridadhAsi-(tU) pahanatA hai| paridadhAmi-pahanatA huuN| paridhAsyati-(vaha) phnegaa| paridhAsyasi-(tU) phnegaa| pridhaasyaami-phnuuNgaa| yAmi-jAtA huuN| yAsi-(tU) jAtA hai| yAti-(vaha) jAtA hai| yaasyaami-jaauuNgaa| yAsyasi-(tU) jaaegaa| yAsyati-(vaha) jaaegaa| vAkya 1. ekadA ahaM vanaM gataH-eka samaya maiM vana ko gyaa| 2. tatra mayA ekaH vRkSaH dRSTaH-vahA~ maiMne eka vRkSa dekhaa| 3. tasya phalam atIva madhuram-usakA phala bahuta hI mIThA thaa| 4. tat phalaM mayA bhakSitam-vaha phala maiMne khaayaa| 5. tasya kanyA alaGkAraM paridadhAti-usakI lar3akI z2evara pahanatI hai| 6. alaGkAraH suvarNasya rajatasya ca bhavati-jevara sone tathA cA~dI kA hotA hai| 7. tasya kaH aparAdhaH AsIt yataH saH kArAgRhe sthApitaH-usakA kyA kasUra thA, __ jisa kAraNa vaha jelakhAne meM rakhA gyaa| 8. akSaiH mA krIDa-pA~soM se na khel| 9. vRthA mA aTa-vyartha na ghuum| 10. sadA adhyayanaM kuru-hamezA pddh'| 11. kadApi anyAyaM na kuru-kabhI anyAya na kr| 12. tasya kaH abhiprAyaH asti-usakA kyA matalaba hai ? 135

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13. adya anena mArgeNa yAsyAmi-Aja isa mArga se jAtA huuN| 14. tena adbhutam AlekhyaM nirmitam-usane adbhuta tasvIra bnaaii| 15. saH bhAravAhakaH kutra asti yena tava peTakaH nItaH-vaha kulI kahA~ hai jisane terA TraMka uThAyA ? zabda taDAgaH-tAlAba / utkaNThe-samIpa / smiipm-paas| prabhUtam-bahuta / tRnnm-ghaas| khgH-pkssii| vAkya 1. ekadA kazcid bAlakaH taDAgasya samIpaM gataH-eka bAra koI bAlaka tAlAba ke pAsa gyaa| 2. tena bAlakena tatra taDAge ekaH maNDUkaH dRSTaH-usa bAlaka ne vahA~ tAlAba meM eka meMDhaka dekhaa| 3. jalapAnArthaM tatra ekaH balIvardaH api AgataH-pAnI pIne ke lie vahA~ eka baila bhI aayaa| 4. tena vRSabheNa prabhUtaM jalaM pItam-usa baila ne bahuta jala piyaa| 5. tena bAlakena tasmai vRSabhAya bhakSaNArthaM tRNaM dattam-bAlaka ne usa baila ko khAne ke lie ghAsa dii| 6. tat tRNaM tena vRSabheNa zIghrameva bhakSitam-vaha ghAsa usa baila ne jaldI se khA lii| 7. pazcAt tatra ekaH khagaH AgataH-phira vahA~ eka pakSI A gyaa| 8. tasmai kenacid ekaH modakaH dattaH-usako kisI ne eka laDDU diyaa| saMkhyAvAcaka zabda ekA pulliMga strIliMga napuMsakaliMga 1. ekaH (eka) ekam 2. dvau (do) . 3. trayaH (tIna) tisraH trINi 4. catvAraH (cAra) catasraH catvAri nIce die hue zabdoM ke pulliMga, strIliMga tathA napuMsakaliMga meM eka jaise hI 136 rUpa hote haiN|

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b. baTa 5. paJca (pA~ca) 17. saptadaza (satraha) 6. SaT (chaH) 18. aSTAdaza (aThAraha) 7. sapta (sAta) 19. ekonaviMzatiH (unnIsa) 8. aSTa (ATha) 20. viMzatiH (bIsa) 9. nava (nau) 21. ekaviMzatiH (ikkIsa) 10. daza (dasa) 22. dvAviMzatiH (bAIsa) 11. ekAdaza (gyAraha) 29. ekonatriMzat (unattIsa) 12. dvAdaza (bAraha) 30. triMzat (tIsa) 13. trayodaza (teraha) 31. ekatriMzat (ikattIsa) 14. caturdaza (caudaha) 40. catvAriMzat (cAlIsa) 15. paJcadaza (pandraha) 50. paJcAzat (pacAsa) 16. SoDaza (solaha) 60. SaSTiH (sATha) bAraha mahInoM ke nAma (pulliMga) 1. caitraH 2. vaizAkhaH 3. jyeSThaH 4. ASADha 5. zrAvaNaH 6. bhAdrapadaH 7. AzvinaH 8. kArtikaH 9. mArgazIrSaH 10. pauSaH 11. mAghaH 12. phAlgunaH / tithiyoM ke nAma (strIliMga) 1. pratipadA 2. dvitIyA 3. tRtIyA 4. caturthI 5. paMcamI 6. SaSThI 7. saptamI 8. aSTamI 9. navamI 10. dazamI 11. ekAdazI 12. dvAdazI 13. trayodazI 14. caturdazI 15. pUrNimA 30. amaavsyaa| pakSoM ke nAma (pulliMga) zukla-pakSa-cA~danI pAkha, jina pandraha dinoM meM zAma ke samaya cA~da hotA hai| kRSNa-pakSa-aMdherA pAkha, dUsare pandraha dina, jina dinoM meM zAma ke samaya cA~da nahIM hotaa| pATha 43 isa pATha meM eka brAhmaNa kI kathA dI gaI hai| isake kaThina zabdoM kA artha pATha ke anta meM diyA hai| 1. kasmiMzcid grAme yajJapriyanAmakaH ekaH brAhmaNaH prativasati sma-kisI gA~va meM /

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yajJapriya nAmaka eka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| 2. saH kasmaicid kAraNAya ekasmin dine anyaM grAma prasthitaH-vaha kisI kAraNa eka dina dUsare gA~va ko claa| 3. tadA tasya mAtA tam Aha-taba usakI mAtA ne use kahA4. he putra ! ekAkI mA vraja-putra ! akelA na jaa| 5. yajJapriyaH Aha-he mAtaH ! bhayaM na kuru| asmin mArge kimapi bhayaM naasti| ataH aham ekAkI eva gamiSyAmi-yajJapriya bolA-mAtA ! bhaya mata kr| __isa mArga meM kucha bhI bhaya nahIM hai| isalie maiM akelA hI jaauuNgaa| 6. tasya nizcayaM jJAtvA ekaM kukkuraM haste kRtvA mAtA Aha-usakA nizcaya jAnakara, eka kuttA hAtha meM dekara mAtA bolii| 7. yadi tvaM gantum icchasi tarhi enaM kukkuraM gRhItvA gaccha-agara tU jAnA hI cAhatA ___hai to isa kutte ko sAtha le jaa| 8. tena uktaM tathA eva karomi iti-usane kahA, aisA hI karatA huuN| 9. tataH saH kukkuraM gRhItvA prasthitaH-phira vaha kutte ko lekara claa| 10. atha saH mArge gamanazrameNa zrAntaH kasyacid vRkSasya adhastAta upavizya . prasuptaH-phira vaha mArga meM calane kI mehanata se thakakara kisI vRkSa ke nIce so gyaa| 11. tatra kazcit sarpaH AgataH-vahA~ koI eka sA~pa A gyaa| 12. sarpaH tena kukkureNa hataH-usa sA~pa ko kutte ne mAra ddaalaa| 13. yadA saH brAhmaNaH prabuddhaH tadA tena dRSTaM kukkureNa sarpaH hataH iti-jaba vaha brAhmaNa jAgA taba usane dekhA ki kutte ne eka sA~pa mAra diyA hai| 14. taM hataM sarpa dRSTvA prasannaH brAhmaNaH tadA abravIt-usa mAre hue sA~pa ko dekhakara khuza huA brAhmaNa bolA15. are ! satyam uktaM mama mAtrA-puruSeNa kaH api sahAyaH kartavyaH iti-are ! saca kahA thA merI mAtA ne ki manuSya ko koI sahAyaka lenA hI caahie| 16. ekAkinA eva na gantavyam iti-use akele nahIM jAnA caahie| 17. evam uktvA saH brAhmaNaH grAmaM gataH-yaha kahakara vaha brAhmaNa vApasa gA~va calA gyaa| 18. tatra gatvA svakIyaM kAryaM ca tena kRtam-vahA~ jAkara vaha phira apanA kArya karane lgaa| zabda 138 'cit' zabda kA saMskRta meM artha 'eka' hotA hai|

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kaH cit-koI ek| kenacida-kisI eka ne| kasmiMzcit-kisI eka meN| kasyacit-kisI eka kaa| prasuptaH-so gyaa| sarpaH-sAMpa / hataH-mArA / prbuddhH-jaagaa| braahmnnH-braahmnn| prativasati-rahatA hai| kaarnnm-kaarnn| aah-bolaa| ekaakii-akelaa| vrj-jaa| vrajati-(vaha) jAtA hai| vrajasi-(tU) jAtA hai| vrajAmi-jAtA huuN| mAtaH-he maataa| nizcayam-nizcaya / kukkuram-kutte ko| prsthitH-claa| zramaH-mehanata / zrAntaH-thakA huaa|adhH-niice| upavizya-baiThakara / dRssttm-dekhaa| dRSTvA-dekhakara / prsnnH-khush| / abrviit-bolaa| are-are| mAtrA-mAtA se| shaayH-mddgaar| kartavyam-karane yogya / ekaakinaa-akele| gantavyam-jAne yogya / vaktavyam-bolane yogya / dAtavyam-dene yogy| paThitavyam-par3hane yogy| lekhitavyam-likhane yogy| draSTavyam-dekhane yogy| attavyam-khAne yogy| sthAtavyam-rahane yogy| mantraH vizvAni deva savitarduritAni parA suv| yad bhadraM tanna A suva // 1 // artha-he (deva) Izvara, he (savitara) savitA, sabake utpanna karane vAlA iish| (vizvAni) saba (duritAni) burAiyA~, pApa (parA) dUra (suva) pheNk| (yada) jo (bhadra) kalyANa (tat) vaha (naH) hamAre lie (A suva) samIpa kr| adbhirgAtrANi zudhyanti, manaH satyena shudhyti| _ vidyAtapobhyAM bhUtAtmA, buddhirjJAnena zudhyati // 2 // manusmRti artha-(adbhiH ) pAnI se (gAtrANi) indriya, zarIra ke avayava (zudhyanti) zuddha hote haiN| (manaH) mana (satyena) sacAI se (zudhyati) zuddha hotA hai| (vidyAtapobhyAM) vidyA aura tapa se (bhUtAtmA) jIvAtmA, tathA (buddhiH) buddhi (jJAnena) jJAna se (zudhyati) zuddha hotI hai| satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt, na brUyAt stympriym| priyaM ca nAnRtaM brUyAt eSa dharmaH sanAtanaH // 3 // manusmRti artha-(satya) satya (brUyAt) bole (priya) priya (brUyAt) bole| (na brUyAt) na bole (satya) saca (apriya) kdd'vaa| (ca) aura (priya) pyArA, parantu (anRta) asatya (na) na (brUyAt) bole| (eSa) yaha (sanAtanaH) hamezA kA (dharmaH) dharma hai| pATha 44 1. ekadA nAradaH bhagavantam upetya papraccha-eka bAra nArada ne bhagavAn ke pAsa jAkara. 139

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pUchA2. bhagavan ! kaH tava paramaH bhaktaH iti-he bhagavan ! terA parama bhakta kauna hai ? 3. bhagavAn nAradam Aha-he nArada ! bhUtale mama ekaH paramaH bhaktaH asti-bhagavAn ne nArada se kahA-nArada ! pRthvI para merA eka parama bhakta hai| 4. yadi icchasi taM draSTuM tarhi gaccha bhUtalaM tatra ca taM pazya-agara use dekhanA cAhatA __hai to bhUmi para jA aura vahA~ use dekh| 5. bhagavan ! tasya kiM nAmadheyam asti, kasmin nagare ca saH nivasati-he bhagavan ! usakA kyA nAma hai aura kisa zahara meM vaha rahatA hai ? 6. saH vidizAnAmake nagare nivsti| tasya ca nAmadheyaM bhadradatta iti / saH kRSIvalaH asti-vaha vidizA nAmaka nagara meM rahatA hai| usakA nAma bhadradatta hai| vaha kisAna hai| 7. nAradaH etat zrutvA vismitaH bhUtvA bhUtalaM prasthitaH-nArada yaha sunakara cakita hokara bhUmi ko claa| 8. tatra gatvA ca taM kRSIvalaM pratyakSIcakAra-aura vahA~ jAkara usane kisAna ko pratyakSa kiyA (dekhaa)| 9. saH bhadradattaH kRSIvalaH dine dine zuddhe sthAne upavizya ekAgreNa manasA kSaNamAtraM bhagavantaM smarati, tataH kRSikarma karoti-vaha bhadradatta kisAna roz2a zuddha sthAna meM baiTha ekAgra mana se kSaNa-mAtra bhagavAn kA smaraNa karatA hai, phira khetI kA kAma karatA hai| 10. taM dRSTvA nAradaH prAha-use dekhakara nArada bolA11. kA atra bhaktiH -kauna-sI yahA~ bhakti hai ? 12. iti uktvA punaH saH nAradaH bhagavantaM prati gataH-aisA kahakara phira nArada bhagavAn ke pAsa gyaa| 13. tena pRSTam-he nArada ! kiM tvayA paramaH bhaktaH bhadradattaH dRSTaH-usane pUchA-he nArada ! kyA tUne parama bhakta bhadradatta ko dekhA ? 14. nAradaH pratyAha-bhagavan ! saH mayA dRSTaH parantu na tasmin kA api vizeSatA asti-nArada ne uttara diyA ki bhagavan ! use maiMne dekhA parantu usameM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| 15. bhagavatA uktam-yaH manaH ekAgraM kRtvA sandhyAM karoti, saH eva paramaH bhaktaH bhavati, na anyaH, iti tvaM jAnIhi-bhagavAn ne kahA ki jo mana ekAgra karake sandhyA karatA hai, vahI parama bhakta hotA hai, dUsarA nhiiN| aisA tU jaan| 16. yaH tu manaH ekAgraM na kRtvA upAsanAM karoti, saH bhaktaH bhavituM na yogyaH iti-jo 140/ mana ekAgra na karake upAsanA karatA hai, vaha bhakta hone ke yogya nahIM hai|

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zabda upetya-pAsa jaakr| bhagavantam-bhagavAna ko| paramaH-sabase bdd'aa| pprcch-puuchaa| sthaanm-jgh| bhktH-bhgt| upavizati-baiThatA hai| upavizya-baiThakara / pratyakSIkariSyati-sAkSAt kregaa| upavizasi-(tU) baiThatA hai| vasati-(vaha) rahatA hai| vasasi-(tU) rahatA hai| vasAmi-rahatA huuN| vatsyati-(vaha) rhegaa| vatsyasi-(tU) rhegaa| vtsyaami-rhuuNgaa| upavekSyasi-(tU) baitthegaa| upavekSyati-(vaha) baitthegaa| aah-khaa| bhUtalam-pRthvI, bhuulok| nivasati-(vaha) rahatA hai| nivasasi-(tU) rahatA hai| nivasAmi-rahatA huuN| kRssiivlH-kisaan| vismitH-hairaan| prsthitH-claa| pratyakSIcakAra-sAkSAt kiyaa| pratyakSIkaroSi-(tU) pratyakSa karatA hai| pratyakSIkRtam-sAkSAt kiyaa| pratyakSIkaromi-pratyakSa karatA huuN| pRssttm-puuchaa| pratyakSIkaroti-(vaha) pratyakSa karatA hai| dRssttm-dekhaa| pratyAha-javAba diyaa| vizeSa-qhAsa (baat)| mnH-mn| ekaagrm-sthir| jaaniihi-jaan| upaasnaa-bhkti| bhavitum-hone ke lie| upaviSTaH-baiTha gyaa| ussitvaa-rhkr| uSitaH-rahA huaa| nivatsyati-(vaha) rhegaa| vasitum-rahane ke lie| nivtsyaami-rhuuNgaa| nivatsyasi-(tU) rhegaa| zloka yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devtaaH| yatraitAstu na pUjyante sarvAstatrA'phalAH kriyaaH|| 1 / / (manusmRti) artha-(yatra) jahA~ (tu) to (nAryaH) striyAM (pUjyante) pUjI jAtI haiM, (tatra) vahA~ divatAH) devatA (ramante) nivAsa karate haiN| (tu) parantu (yatra) jahA~ (etAH) ye striyAM (na pUjyante) nahIM pUjI jAtIM (tatra) vahA~ (sarvAH) saba (kriyAH) kArya (aphalAH) niSphala haiN| upakAro'pi nIcAnAm apakArAya jaayte| payaHpAnaM bhujaGgAnAM kevalaM viSavardhanam / / artha-(nIcAnA) nIcoM kI (upakAraH) bhalAI (api) bhI (apakArAya) apane nukasAna ke lie (jAyate) hotI hai| jaise (bhujaGgAnA) sAMpoM ko (payaHpAna) dUdha pilAnA (kevala) kevala (viSavardhanam) viSa bar3hAnevAlA hotA hai| sulabhAH puruSAH rAjan satataM priyvaadinH| / apriyasya ca pathyasya vaktA zrotA ca durlbhH|| ___artha-he (rAjana) rAjA ! (satata) hamezA (priyavAdinaH) pyArA bolane vAle (puruSAH) manuSya (sulabhAH) AsAnI se milate haiN| parantu (apriyasya) apriya (ca) aura (pathyasya) hitakAraka bAta (vaktA) kahanevAlA (ca zrotA) aura sunanevAlA (durlabhaH) muzkila se - milatA hai|

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vAkya 1. yatra nAryaH pUjyante tatra eva devatAH ramante / parantu yatra etAH na pUjyante tatra sarvAH kriyA aphalAH bhavanti / 2. nIcAnAm upakAraH api apakarAya jAyate / yathA bhujaGgAnA payaHpAnaM viSavardhanaM bhavati / 3. he rAjan satataM priyavAdinaH puruSAH sulabhAH parantu pathyasya apriyasya yathA vaktA durlabhaH tathA zrotA api durlabhaH / pATha 45 1. kasmiMzcid grAme dharmadattanAmakaH kRSIvalaH AsIt - kisI eka gA~va meM dharmadatta nAmaka eka kisAna rahatA thA / 2. saH ekaM vAnaraM pAlitavAn - usane eka bandara pAlA thA / 3. saH markaTaH prabhUtam annaM bhakSayitvA atIva puSTaH jAtaH- vaha bandara bahuta anna khAkara bahuta hI puSTa ho gayA / 4. ekadA saH kRSIvalaH dadhyodanaM gRhItvA kasmaicit prayojanAya tena saha anyaM grAmaM prasthitaH - eka bAra kisAna dahI cAvala lekara kisI uddezya se usa (bandara) ke sAtha dUsare gA~va ko calA / 5. mArge ekaM taDAga dRSTvA tatra dadhyodanaM bhakSayitum upaviSTaH - rAste meM eka tAlAba dekhakara vahA~ vaha dahI cAvala khAne baiTha gayA / 6. tatra kasyacit vRkSasya mUle dadhyodanaM sthApayitvA mukhaprakSAlanArthaM taDAgaM gatvA tIra upaviSTaH-vahA~ eka vRkSa ke mUla meM dahI cAvala rakhakara, mu~ha dhone ke lie tAlAba ke kinAre gayA / 7. atrAntare tena duSTena makaTena tat sarvaM dadhyodanaM bhakSitam- isa bIca usa duSTa bandara ne vaha saba dahI cAvala khA lie / 8. hastena kiJcid dadhi gRhItvA, samIpe sthitasya kasyacid ajasya mukhe kSiptvA kim api ajAnan iva dUraM gatvA sthitaH - phira hAtha meM thor3A-sA dahI lekara, pAsa khar3e eka bakare ke mu~ha para use lagAkara, kucha bhI na jAnate hue ke samAna, dUra jAkara baiTha gyaa| 9. kRSIvalaH mukhaM prakSAlya vRkSasya mUlam Agatya dRSTavAn, yad sarvaM dadhyodanaM kenApi 142 niHzeSaM bhakSitam iti - kisAna ne mu~ha dhokara vRkSa ke pAsa Akara dekhA ki

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saba dahI cAvala kisI ne khA lie haiM / 10. samIpe sthitasya ajasya mukhe kiJcid dadhi dRSTvA tena eva sarvam annaM bhakSitam iti jJAtvA tam eva tADayAmAsa - pAsa khar3e bakare ke mu~ha meM thor3A-sA dahI lagA dekhakara usane socA ki usI ne saba khAyA hai, isalie use pITa DAlA / 11. duSTaH aparAdhaM svayaM kRtvA anyena saH aparAdhaH kRtaH iti darzayati- duSTa (manuSya) svayaM aparAdha karake yaha dikhalAtA hai ki dUsare ne vaha aparAdha kiyA hai / 12. mUDhaH tat tathA eva asti iti jAnAti -jo aisA soce vaha mUrkha hotA hai / 13. parantu jJAnI sarva parIkSya aparAdhinam eva yathAyogyaM tADayati - parantu jJAnI saba prakAra parIkSA karake aparAdhI ko hI ucita daMDa detA hai / zabda 1 1 pAlitavAn - pAlana kiyaa| pAlayati - (vaha) pAlana karatA hai / pAlayiSyati - (vaha ) pAlana karegA / pAlayiSyasi - (tU) pAlana karegA / pAlayiSyAmi - pAlana karU~gA / pAlayitvA - pAlana karake / pAlayitum - pAlane ke lie| markaTaH- bandara / puSTaH - puSTa, moTA-tAz2A / sthApayitvA - - rakhakara / tIram - tIra, kinArA / atrAntare - isa bIca meM / duSTaH- duSTa / ajaH - bakarA, AtmA, paramAtmA / ajA- bakarI, prakRti / darzayitum - dikhAne ke lie| tADayAmAsa - tAr3ana kiyA, piittaa| aparAdhaH - doSa, aparAdha / jJAnI - samajhadAra / parIkSya - parIkSA karake / aparAdhI - gunahagAra, doSI / pAlayAmi - pAlana karatA hU~ / pAlayasi - tU pAlana karatA hai| ajAnan - na jAnatA huA / kSiptvA - pheMkakara / tAvat-taba taka / yAvat - jaba tk| dRSTavAn - dekhA / niHzeSam - sampUrNa / upaviSTaH - baiTha gayA / prayojanam - uddezya / svayam - svayaM, khuda, apane-Apa / mUlam - jar3a / darzayasi - (tU) dikhAtA hai / darzayati - (vaha) dikhAtA hai| darzayiSyati - (vaha) dikhaaegaa| darzayAmi - dikhAtA huuN| darzayiSyAmi - dikhAU~gA / darzayiSyasi - (tU) dikhaaegaa| parIkSase - (tU) parIkSA karatA hai / darzayitvA - dikhalAkara / parIkSiSye- parIkSA karU~gA / parIkSate - parIkSA karatA hai| parIkSiSyate - (vaha) parIkSA karegA / parIkSiSSase - (tU) parIkSA karegA / 1 vAkya 1. yataH dharmaH tataH jayaH / 2. dharmaH eva hataH hanti / 3. rakSitaH dharmaH eva rakSati / pATha 46 niravayavaH (niH avayavaH) nirAkAra, avayavarahita / zabdamayaH - zabdoM se pUrNa / 143

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sarvazaktimat-saba zaktiyoM se yukt| upapadyate-banatI hai, sajatI hai, yogya hotI hai| antareNa, antarA-binA, sivaay| vidyamAna-rahanA, honaa| asmadAdInAm (asmad AdInAm)-hama jinameM pahale haiM aise manuSyoM kaa| adhyayanAnantaram (adhyayana-anantaram)-paThana ke pazcAt / pazuvat-pazuoM ke smaan| AdisRSTiH-Arambha kI sRsstti| prvRtti-svbhaav| paramezvaraH-(parama-IzvaraH) bar3A svaamii| utpadyate-banatA hai, utpanna hotA hai| IzvaraH-mAlika, shaask| kutaH-kisa kAraNa, kyoM ? sadaiva (sadA-eva)-hamezA hii| khalu-nizcaya se| sklm-smpuurnn| mahAraNyam (mahA-araNyam)-bar3A bn| Arabhya-prArambha karake / vedopadezaH (veda-upadezaH)-veda kA updesh| Age ke pAThoM kA artha hama saMskRta zabdoM ke krama se de rahe haiN| isase patA lagegA ki donoM bhASAoM kI vAkya-racanA meM kyA aMtara hai| kaThina saMskRta zabdoM ke Upara choTe TAipa meM saMkhyA dI gaI hai aura hiMdI ke jo zabda inake artha haiM, unake sAtha bhI yahI saMkhyA lagAI gaI hai| guru-ziSya-saMvAdaH ziSyaH-niravayavAt' paramezvarAt zabdamayaH vedaH katham utpadyate-nirAkAra' paramezvara se, zabdoM se bharA huA veda kaise utpanna hotA hai ? guruH-sarvazaktimati Izvare iyaM zaGkA na upapadyate-sarvazaktimAna Izvara ke lie yaha zaMkA ThIka nahIM lgtii| ziSyaH kutaH-kyoM ? guruH-mukhAdisAdhanam antarA'pi tasya, kAryaM kartuM sAmarthyasya sadaiva vidyamAnatvAt-mukha Adi sAdhana ke binA bhI usakA kArya karane ke lie sAmarthya sadA rahatA hai| yaH asti khalu sarvazaktimAn sa naiva kasyA'pi sAhAyyaM, kArya kartuM, grahAti-jo hai nizcaya se sarvazaktimAn vaha nahIM kisI kI bhI sahAyatA kArya karane ke lie, letA hai| yathA asmadAdInAM sahAyena binA kAryaM kartuM sAmarthyaM naasti| na ca Izvare-jaise hama jaisoM kA, sahAyaka ke binA kArya karane ke lie sAmarthya nahIM hai| nA hI aura Izvara meM (arthAt hamArI jaisI avasthA Izvara meM nhiiN)| yadA niravayavena IzvareNa sakalaM jagat racitam, tathA vedaracane kA zakA'sti-jaba nirAkAra Izvara ne saba jagat racA hai, taba veda racane meM kyA zaMkA hai ? ziSyaH-jagad-racane tu khalu Izvaram antareNa', na kasyA'pi sAmarthyam asti-jagat racane meM to nizcaya se Izvara ko chor3akara', nahIM kisI kA bhI sAmarthya hai| veda-racane tu anyasya grantha-racanAvat syAt-veda racane meM to dUsare grantha kI racanA

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ke samAna (sAmathya) ho sakatA hai| guruH-IzvareNa racitasya vedasya adhyayanAnantaram eva grantha-racane kasyA'pi sAmarthya syAt / na ca anyathA-Izvara dvArA race hue veda ke adhyayana ke pazcAt hI grantha racane meM kisI kA bhI sAmarthya hotA hai| nahIM aura (kisI) prakAra se| naiva kazcit api paThana-pAThanam antarA vidvAn bhavati-nahIM koI bhI par3hane-par3hAne ke binA vidvAn hotA hai| kiJcid api zAstraM paThitvA, upadezaM zrutvA, vyavahAraM ca dRSTvA eva, manuSyANAM jJAnaM bhavati-koI eka bhI zAstra par3hakara upadeza sunakara aura vyavahAra dekhakara hI manuSyoM ko jJAna hotA hai| yathA mahAraNyasthAnAM manuSyANAM, upadezam antarA, pazuvatpravRttiH bhavati-jisa prakAra bar3e jaMgala meM rahane vAle manuSyoM kI, upadeza ke binA pazu-samAna pravRtti hotI hai| tathaiva Adi-sRSTim Arabhya, adyaparyantaM, vedopadezam antarA sarvamanuSyANAM pravRttiH bhavet-vaise hI AdisRSTi se prArambha karake, Aja taka, veda ke upadeza ke binA, saba manuSyoM kI pravRtti hove| vAkya nirAkAreNa IzvareNa eva yathA jagat nirmitaM tathaiva vedaH api nirmitH| hastapAdAdisAdhanaM vinA saH IzvaraH yathA sRSTiM racayati tathaiva vedam api saH eva rcyti| yathA sahAyena vinA manuSyAH kAryaM kartuM na zaknuvanti tathA Izvare naasti| saH anyasya sahAyena vinA api sarvaM svakIyaM racanAkAryaM kartuM shknoti| saH sarvazaktimAn asti, manuSyavat alpazaktimAn naivaasti| pATha 47 manuSyebhyaH-saba manuSyoM ke lie| svAbhAvikam-janma ke sAtha pAyA huaa| vedAnAm-saba vedoM kaa| arhati-yogya hotA hai| manyate-mAnA jAtA hai| vedotpAdanam-(veda-utpAdana) vedoM kA utpanna honaa| viduSAm-vidvAnoM ke|skaashaat-paas se| racyate-racA jAtA hai| sRSTeH-sRSTi ke| aasiit-thaa| krmH-silsilaa| vidyA-sambhavaH-vidyA) kA honaa| granthebhya-bahuta pustakoM se| utkRsstt-uttm| tadunnatyA-(tat unnatyA)-usakI unnati (buddhi) se| grantha-racanAm-pustaka bmaanaa| maatr-kevl| asmadAdibhiH-hama haiM aadi| anekavidhim-aneka prakAra kaa||145

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apekSA - AvazyakatA, z2arUrata / avazyam - z2arUra / Arambha - samayaH - prArambha kA samaya / IzvaropadezaH - ( Izvara - upadezaH ) Izvara kA upadeza / racayet - race / guru-ziSya-saMvAdaH ziSyaH vadati - IzvareNa manuSyebhyaH svAbhAvikaM jJAnaM dattam- ziSya bolatA hai - Izvara ne manuSyoM ko svAbhAvika jJAna diyA hai| yat ca sarvagranyebhyaH utkRSTam asti - aura vaha saba pustakoM se uttama hai / na tena binA vedAnAm api jJAnaM bhavitum arhati'- na hI usake binA vedoM kA bhI jJAna ho sakatA hai| 1 tadunnatyA' grantharacanam api kariSyanti eva - usakI unnati se pustaka kI racanA ' bhI kareMge hii| punaH kimarthaM manyate vedotpAdanam ' IzvareNa kRtam iti - phira kisalie ' mAnA jAtA hai vedoM kI utpatti' Izvara ne kI, aisA ? 10 guruH vadati - na vinA adhyayanena svAbhAvika jJAnamAtreNa', kasya api nirvAha: " bhavitum arhati - guru kahatA hai- nahIM, binA adhyayana ke svAbhAvika' jJAna se kevala', kisI kA bhI nirvAha " ho sakatA hai / yathA asmadAdibhiH api anyeSAM sakAzAt anekavidhaM jJAnaM gRhItvA eva granthaH rayate' - jaise, hama jaise loga bhI anya vidvAnoM ke pAsa aneka prakAra kA jJAna lekara hI grantha racate haiN| tathA IzvarajJAnasya' sarveSAM manuSyANAm apekSA avazyaM bhavati - vaise Izvara ke jJAna' kI saba manuSyoM ke lie AvazyakatA' avazya' hotI hai / kiM ca, na sRSTeH Arambhasamaye paThanapAThanakramaH granthaH ca kazcid api AsIt - aura, nahIM sRSTi ke prArambha kAla meM par3hane-par3hAne kA silasilA aura grantha koI bhI thaa| tadAnIm Izvaropadezam antarA, na ca kasya api, vidyAsaMbhavaH babhUva-taba Izvara ke upadeza ke binA, nahIM kisI ko bhI vidyA kI prApti huI thI / punaH kathaM kazcit janaH granyaM racayet - phira kaise koI manuSya grantha raca le ? pATha 48 146 IzA - Izvara ne / vAsyam - DhA~pane yogya, vyApane va rahane yogya / svit-bhI, hI / | karma-udyoga, prayatna / lipyate - lepa (dhabbA) lagAtA hai| naraH - manuSya / anyatamaH - gAr3hA

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andhkaar| hirnnmy-suvrnnmy| paatrm-brtn| stym-scaaii| pUSana-puSTa karane vAlA, bar3hAne vaalaa| dRSTaye-darzana ke lie| vittam-dhana / tarpaNIyaH-tRpta hone yogy| apaavRnnu-khol| ApyAyantu-bar3heM, vRddhi aura unnati ko prApta ho jaaeN| tarkaH-zakya-azakya kA vicAra / Amananti-vicAra karate haiN| tapAMsi-aneka prakAra ke tp| tyakta-datta, dAna, tyAga kiyA huaa| bhunyjiithaaH-bhogo| gRdhH-llcaao| jijIviSeta-jIne kI icchA kre| shtm-sau| samAH-varSa, saal| pravizanti-ghusate haiN| aviyA-jo vidyA se ulTI ho| upAsate-(upa-Asate)-pAsa baiThate haiM, upAsanA karate haiN| apihitm-ddhkaa| padaH-sthAna, avasthA, prAptavya / caranti-karate haiM, AcaraNa karate haiN| saMgraha-saMkSepa, saar| upaniSad kA upadeza 1. IzA vAsyam idaM sarvam-Izvara ke vyApane yogya hai yaha sb| 2. tena tyaktena bhuJjIthAH-usake die hue se bhoga kro| 3. mA gRdhA kasya sviddhanam-na lalacAo kisI ke bhI dhana pr| 4. kurvan eva iha karmANi jijIviSet zataM samAH-karatA huA hI yahA~ karma, jIne kI icchA kare sau vrss| 5. na karma lipyate nare-nahIM karma kA lepa hotA hai nara meN| 6. anyaM tamaH pravizanti ye avidyAm upAsate-ghane a~dhere ko prApta hote haiM jo ___ajJAna ke pAsa rahate haiN| 7. hiraNmayena pAtreNa satyasya apihitaM mukham-sone ke bartana se satya kA DhakA hai mukh| 8. tat tvaM pUSan apAvRNu satya-dharmAya dRSTaye-usako tU, he poSaka, khola de satya-dharma ko dekhane ke lie| 9. kRtaM smara-kie hue ko smaraNa kr| 10. ApyAyantu mama aGgAni, vAk, prANaH, cakSuH, zrotram atho balam, indriyANi ca-bar3ha jAe mere avayava, vANI, prANa, A~kha, kAna, bala aura indriyaaN| 11. na tatra cakSuH gacchati, na vAk gacchati-na hI vahA~ A~kha jAtI hai, na hI vANI jAtI hai| 12. na vittena tarpaNIyaH manuSyaH-na hI dhana se tRpta hotA hai mnussy| 13. na eSA tarkeNa matiH ApanIyA-na hI yaha tarka se buddhi prApta hone vAlI hai| 14. sarve vedA yat padam Amananti-saba veda jisa sthAna kA manana karate haiN| 15. tapAsa sarvANi ca yad vadanti-aura jo saba tapa' bolate haiN| 16. yad icchantaH brahmacaryaM caranti-jisakI icchA karate hue brahmacarya pAlate haiN| 14

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17. tat te padaM saMgraheNa bravImi-vaha tumako sthAna saMkSepa se kahatA huuN| 18. om iti etat-o3m hI yaha hai| pATha 49 .. mUlyam-kImata, mUlya / paJca-pA~ca / ruupym-rupyaa| mudraa-rupyaa| mudrayaikayA(mudrayA-ekayA) eka rupaye se| asstt-aatth| pnnH-paisaa| haTTam-dukAna, httttii| acchm-acchaa| vnnik-bniyaa| kiidRshH-kaisaa| kiyaan-kitnaa| vyyH-khrc| paJcalakSANi-pA~ca laakh| haaniH-nuksaan| saMvatsaraH-varSa / jAtaH-ho gyaa| lakSadvayamdo lAkha / lakSatrayam-tIna lAkha / kutaH-kahA~ se| kv-khaaN| kedaarm-khet| pakvaHpakA huaa| bhaavH-bhaav| arghH-bhaav| prsthm-ser| spaad-svaa| settkH-ser| guddH-gudd'| prApyete-milate haiM, prApta hote haiN| elaa-ilaaycii| mithyAkarI-jhUThA vyavahAra karane vaalaa| kraya-vikrayau-lena-dena, kh'riid-bikrii| bhumuulym-kiimtii| Avikam-UnI kpdd'aa| shaakm-saag-bhaajii| lunAti-kATatA hai| lunntu-kaatteN| asya kiM mUlyam-isakA kyA mUlya hai ? paJca rUpyANi gRhANa-pA~ca rupaye lo| idam vastraM dehi-yaha vastra do| adya-zvaH ghRtasya kaH argha-Ajakala ghI kA kyA bhAva hai ? mudraikayA sapAdaprasthaM vikrIyate-eka rupayA kA savA sera bikatA hai| guDasya ko bhAvaH-gur3a kA kyA bhAva hai ? aSTabhiH paNaiH ekaserakamAnaM dadAti-ATha paisoM kA eka sera-bhara detA hai| tvam ApaNaM gaccha-tU bAz2Ara jaa| elAm Anaya-ilAyacI le aa| AnItA, gRhANa-le AyA, lo| kasya haTTe dadhidugdhe acche prApyete-kisakI dukAna para dahI aura dUdha acchA milatA hai| dhanapAlasya-dhanapAla ko| saH satyena eva kraya-vikrayau karoti-vaha satya hI se lena-dena karatA hai| zrIpatiH vaNik kIdRzaH asti-zrIpati baniyA kaisA hai ? saH mithyAkArI-vaha jhUThA hai| asmin saMvatsare kiyAn lAbho vyayaH ca jAtaH-isa varSa meM kitanA lAbha aura qharca huaa| paJcalakSANi lAbhaH-pA~ca lAkha (rupaye) lAbha / lakSadvayasya vyayaH ca-aura do lAkha kA kharca (haa)| mama khalu asminvarSe lakSatrayasya hAniH jAtA-merI to isa varSa meM tIna lAkha kI hAni ho gii| kastUrI kasmAd AnIyate-kastUrI kahA~ se lAI jAtI hai ? nayapAlAt-nepAla se| bahumUlyam AvikaM kutaH Anayanti-kImatI duzAlA kahA~ se lAte haiM ? kazmIrAt-kazmIra se| kutra gacchasi-kahA~ jAte ho ? pATaliputram-paTanA ko| kadA AgamiSyasi-kaba Aoge ? ekasmin mAse-eka mahIne meN| sa kva gataH-vaha kahA~ gayA ? zAkam Anetum-zAka lAne ko| samprati kedArAH pakvAH-isa samaya kheta 148] paka gae haiN| yadi pakvAH tarhi lunIta-yadi pake haiM to kaatto|

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pATha 50 1 pratidinam- - hara roz2a, nitya / mahiSI - bhaiMsa / pratyaham - pratidina / kiyat - kitanA / khArI - mana / milati - milatA hai| bhujyate-khAyA jAtA hai| mudrApAdaH - rupaye kA cauthA hissA / tri - tIna / pAda-pAva, cauthA hissaa| RNam - karz2a, Rnn| tadAnIMtanaH- usa samaya kA / ajAvayaH ( ajA - avayaH ) - bakarI / ajA-bakarI / aviH - bher3a / santi - haiM / kiM parimANam - kitane parimANa meM / dvAdaza-bAraha / sArdham (sa-ardham ) adharma ke sAtha / sArghadvAdaza- sAr3he bAraha / sArdhapaJca- sAr3he pA~ca / sArghadvau - ar3hAI / dvayam - do / kati - kitane / sahasram - haz2Ara / sAkSI - gavAha / vartate hai / 1 gauH dugdhaM dadAti na vA - gau dUdha detI hai yA nahIM ? dadAti - detI hai / iyaM mahiSI kiyat dugdhaM dadAti - yaha bhaiMsa kitanA dUdha detI hai ? dazaprasthAH - dasa sera / tava ajAvayaH santi na vA - tere bakarI-bher3eM haiM yA nahIM ? santi haiM / pratidinaM te kiyad dugdhaM jAyate - nitya terA kitanA dUdha hotA hai ? paJca khAryaH - pAMca mana / nityaM kiM parimANaM ghRtaM bhavati - pratidina kitanA ghI hotA hai ? dvAdazaprastham - bAraha sera / pratyahaM kiyad bhujyate - pratidina kitanA khAyA jAtA hai ? sArdhadviprastham - ar3hAI sera / etat rUpyaikeNa kiyat milati - yaha eka rupaye kA kitanA milatA hai ? tritriprastham - tIna-tIna sera / tailasya kiyat mUlyam - tela kA kyA mUlya hai ? mudrApAdena seTakadvayaM prApyate- cAra Ane kA do se milatA hai| asmin nagare kati haTTAH santi - isa nagara meM kitanI dukAneM haiM ? paJca sahasrANi - pAMca haz2Ara / bhoH rAjan ! ayaM mama RNaM na dadAti - he rAjan ! yaha merA RNa nahIM detA / yadA tena gRhItaM tadAnIMtanaH kazcit sAkSI vartate na vA- jaba usane liyA thA usa samaya kA koI gavAha vartamAna hai yA nahIM ? asti hai| tarhi Anaya - to le Ao / AnItaH - lAyA / ayam asti - yaha hai / / Acarati - AcaraNa karatA hai / carati - calatA hai| zreSThaH - acchaa| lokaH - loga, jana, manuSya / uddharet - unnati kre| AtmA - AtmA ne / AtmanaH - AtmA ko, apanI / AtmAnam - AtmA ko, apane ko / AtmA - AtmA ( rUha ) / pUjyaH - satkAra karane yogya / guruH - upadezaka, bar3A / garIyAn-zreSTha / samaH - samAna tvatsamaH - :- tere jaisA / adhika:- adhik| abhyadhikaH (abhi + adhikaH ) - saba prakAra se adhika / prabhAvaH - zakti, sAmarthya / pramANam - prAmANika, mAnya, pasanda / itaraH - anya hai, anukaraNa karatA hai / kurute karatA hai| ripuH - zatru, caraH - calane vAlA, jaMgama / pitA-bApa, pAlaka / acaraH - na calane vAlA, sthAvara / carAcaraH ( cara-acara ) - hilane vAle aura na hilane vAle, jaMgama aura sthAvara | anyaH - dUsarA / apratimaH - atula / lokatrayam - tIna loka / anuvartate -pIche calatA duzmana / bandhuH -- bhAI / 149

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yayadAcarati zreSThaH tattadevetaro janaH / saH yatpramANaM kurute lokstdnuvrtte|| padaccheda-yad / yad / aacrti| shresstthH| tad / tad / ev| itaraH jnH| sH| yad / prmaannm| kurute| lokH| tad / anuvrtte| anvaya-yad yad zreSThaH Acarati / tad tad eva itaraH janaH' (aacrti)| saH (zreSThaH) yat pramANaM kurute / lokaH tad anuvartate / artha-jo-jo zreSTha' (puruSa) AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha-vaha hI (usako) itara loka' AcaratA hai| vaha (zreSTha puruSa) jo pramANa' karatA hai (mAnatA hai)| (itara) loga bhI usI ke pIche calate haiN| arthAt jaisA zreSTha puruSa AcaraNa karate haiM, vaisA hI dUsare loga karate haiN| zreSTha loga jisako pramANa mAnate haiM, usI ko dUsare loga bhI pramANa mAnate haiN| uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet / Atmaiva hyAtmano bandhuH Atmaiva ripuraatmnH|| padaccheda-uddharet / aatmnaa| AtmAnam / na / nAtmAnam / avasAdayet / aatmaa| ev| hi| aatmnH| bndhuH| aatmaa| ev| ripuH| aatmnH| anvaya-AtmanA' AtmAnam uddharet / AtmAnam na avasAdayet / hi' AtmA eva AtmanaH bandhuH, AtmA eva AtmanaH ripuH / artha-AtmA' se AtmA kI unnati kreN| AtmA ko nahIM girAe / kyoMki AtmA hI AtmA kA bhAI hai, AtmA hI AtmA kA zatru hai| apanI unnati Apa karanI caahie| apanI girAvaTa Apa hI nahIM karanI caahie| kyoMki apanA Apa hI bhAI aura apanA Apa hI zatru hai| iti

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saMskRta svayaM-zikSaka dvitIya bhAga

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mUlAkSara-vyavasthA 1-svara a A, i I, u U, R R, la lU, e ai, o au, aM aH 1 -kaNTha - svara ke svara - A A A3 2 -tAlu - sthAna ke svara - i I I3 3 -oSTha - sthAna ke svara - u U U3 4 -mUrdhA - sthAna ke svara - R R R3 5 -danta - sthAna ke svara - lu ("la) lR3 6 -kaNThatAlu - sthAna ke svara - e ai 7 -kaNThauSTha - sthAna ke svara - o au 8 -anusvAra (nAsikA-sthAna) aM, I, U, eM ityAdi 9 -visarga (kaNTha-sthAna) aH, iH, uH, aH ityAdi 10 -hrasva svara a, i, u, R, lu 11 -dIrgha svara A, I U, R, (*lu) 12 -pluta svara A3, I3, U3, R3, M3, hrasva svara ke uccAraNa kI lambAI eka mAtrA dIrgha svara ke uccAraNa kI do mAtrA, pluta svara ke uccAraNa kI tIna mAtrA hotI haiN| arthAt jitanA samaya hrasva ke lie lagatA hai, usase dugunA dIrgha ke lie tathA tIna gunA pluta ke lie lagatA hai| dUra se kisI ko pukArane ke samaya antima svara pluta hotA hai| jaisA 'he dhanaJjaya3 atra Agaccha' (he dhanaJjayA3 yahAM aa)| isa vAkya meM 'dhanaJjaya' ke yakAra meM jo AkAra hai vaha pluta hai, aura usakI uccAraNa kI lambAI tIna gunI hai| zaharoM meM mArga para tathA sTezana Adi para cIjeM becanevAle apanI cIz2oM ke viSaya meM pluta svara se pukArate haiM, jaise : 1. kha...TA...i...yAM... lR svara ke lie dIrghatva nahIM hai| parantu dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki vivRta-prayatna tR varNa ke lie dIrghatva nahIM hai, ISat spRSTaprayatna lu varNa ke lie dIrghatva hai| prayatnoM kA vicAra Age ke vibhAgoM meM hogaa|

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2. hi...ndU...pA...nI... 3. cA...ya...ga...ra...ma... isI prakAra anya saikar3oM sthAnoM para pluta svara kA zravaNa hotA hai| vedoM ke mantroM meM jahAM 3 (tIna) saMkhyA dI huI rahatI hai, usake pUrva kA svara pluta bolA jAtA hai| muragI 'ku| kU2 kU3' aisI AvAz2a detI hai; usameM pahalA 'u' hrasva, dUsarA dIrgha tathA tIsarA pluta hotA hai| ina svaroM ke bhedoM ke sivAya 'udAtta, anudAtta, svarita' aise pratyeka svara ke tIna bheda haiM, jo kevala veda meM Ate haiN| inakA varNana Age ke vibhAgoM meM hogaa| saMketArtha a, a, a, svara udAtta, anudAtta, tathA svarita akAra veda meM Ate haiN| __13 -guNa svara-a, e, o, ar, al 14 -vRddhi svara-A, ai, au, Ar, Al ukta guNa-vRddhi krama se a, i, u, R, lu, ina svaroM ko samajhanA caahie| isa prakAra svaroM kA sAmAnya vicAra samApta huaa| 2-vyaJjana (1) kaNTha sthAna-kavarga-ka, kha, ga, gha, Ga (2) tAlu sthAna-cavarga-ca, cha, ja, jha, Ja (3) mardhA sthAna-Tavarga-Ta. Tha. Da. Dha. Na (4) danta sthAna-tavarga-ta, tha, da, dha, na (5) oSTha sthAna-pavarga-pa, pha, ba, bha, ma ina paccIsa vyaJjanoM ko 'sparza varNa' kahate haiN| (6) antaHstha vyaJjana-ya (tAlu-sthAna); va (danta tathA oSTha-sthAna); ra (mUrdhA-sthAna); la (dnt-sthaan)| ina cAra varNoM ko 'antaHstha vyaJjana' kahate haiN| (7) USma vyaJjana-za (tAlavya); Sa (mUrdhanya); sa (dantya); ha (knntthy)| ina cAra varNoM ko 'USma vyaJjana' kahate haiN| (8) mRdu athavA ghoSa vyaJjana-ga, gha, Ga, ja, jha, Ja Da, Dha, Na, da, dha, na ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, ha ina bIsa vyaJjanoM ko mRdu vyaJjana kahate haiM, kyoMki inakA uccAraNa mRdu arthAt - narama, komala hotA hai| (inakI zruti spaSTatara anubhava hone se inheM 'ghoSa' bhI kahate

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(9) kaThora athavA aghoSa vyaJjana-ka, kha, ca, cha, Ta, Tha, ta, tha, pa, pha, za, Sa, s| ina teraha vyaJjanoM ko kaThora vyaJjana bolate haiM, kyoMki inakA uccAraNa kaThora arthAt sakhta hotA hai| (inakI zruti aspaSTatara anubhava hone se inheM 'aghoSa' bhI kahate haiN|) (10) alpaprANa vyaJjana- ka, ga, Ga, ca, ja, Ja Ta, Da, Na, ta, da, na pa, ba, ma, ya, ra, la, va ina unnIsa vyaJjanoM ko alpaprANa kahate haiM, kyoMki inakA uccAraNa karane ke samaya mukha meM zvAsa (havA) para z2ora nahIM diyA jaataa| (11) mahAprANa vyaJjana-kha, gha, cha, jha Tha, Dha, tha, dha, pha, bha, za, Sa, sa, ha ina caudaha vyaJjanoM ko mahAprANa kahate haiM, kyoMki inake uccAraNa ke samaya mukha meM havA para bahuta dabAva diyA jAtA hai| (12) anunAsika vyaJjana-Ga, Ja, Na, na, ma ye pAMca vyaJjana anunAsika kahalAte haiM, kyoMki inakA uccAraNa nAka ke dvArA hotA hai| sthAna-vyavasthAnusAra kaNTha-nAsikA sthAna-Ga tAlu-nAsikA sthAna-Ja mUrdhA-nAsikA sthAna-Na danta-nAsikA sthAna-na oSTha-nAsikA sthAna-ma ___ isa prakAra vyaJjanoM kI sAmAnya vyavasthA hai| isake atirikta jo aura sUkSma bheda haiM, ve agale vibhAgoM meM batAe jaaeNge| varNoM kI utpatti mukha ke andara sthAna-sthAna para havA ko dabAne se bhinna-bhinna vargoM kA uccAraNa hotA hai| mukha ke andara pAMca vibhAga haiM, (prathama bhAga meM jo citra diyA hai vaha dekhie) jinako sthAna kahate haiN| ina pAMca vibhAgoM meM se pratyeka vibhAga meM eka-eka svara utpanna hotA hai| svara usako kahate haiM, jo eka hI AvAz2a meM bahuta dera taka bolA jA sake, jaise

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a... A... u... i... U... R... R... 'R-lu' svaroM ke uccAraNa ke viSaya meM prathama bhAga meM jo sUcanA dI huI hai, usako smaraNa rakhanA caahie| uttara bhArata ke loga inakA uccAraNa 'rI' tathA 'parI' aisA karate haiM, yaha bahuta hI azuddha hai ! kabhI aisA uccAraNa nahIM karanA caahie| 'rI' meM 'ra I' aise do varNa mUrdhA aura tAlu sthAna ke haiN| 'R' yaha kevala mUrdhAsthAna kA zuddha svara hai| kevala mUrdhA sthAna ke zuddha svara kA uccAraNa mUrdhA aura tAlu sthAna do varNa milAkara karanA azuddha hai aura uccAraNa kI dRSTi se bar3I bhArI galatI hai| R' kA uccAraNa-dharma zabda bahuta lambA bolA jAe aura dha aura ma ke bIca kA rakAra bahuta bAra bolA jAe (samajhane ke lie) to usameM se eka rakAra ke Adhe ke barAbara hai| isa prakAra jo 'R' bolA jA sakatA hai, vaha eka jaisA lambA bolA jA sakatA hai| choTe lar3ake Ananda se apanI jihvA ko hilAkara isa RkAra ko bolate haiN| jo loga isakA uccAraNa 'rI' karate haiM unako dhyAna denA cAhie ki 'rI' lambI bolane para kevala 'I' lambI rahatI hai| joki tAlu sthAna kI hai| isa kAraNa 'R' kA yaha 'rI' uccAraNa sarvathaiva azuddha hai| lakAra kA 'parI' uccAraNa bhI ukta kAraNoM se azuddha hai| uttarIya logoM ko cAhie ki ve ina do svaroM kA zuddha uccAraNa kreN| astu| pUrva sthAna meM kahA hai ki jinakA lambA uccAraNa ho sakatA hai, ve svara kahalAte haiN| gavaiye loga svaroM ko hI alApa sakate haiM, vyaJjanoM ko nahIM, kyoMki vyaJjanoM kA lambA uccAraNa nahIM hotaa| ina pAMca svaroM meM bhI 'a i u' ye tIna svara akhaNDita, pUrNa haiN| aura 'R, lu' ye khaNDita svara haiN| pAThakagaNa inake uccAraNa kI ora dhyAna deMge to unako patA lagegA ki inako khaNDita tathA akhaNDita kyoM kahate haiN| jinakA uccAraNa eka-rasa nahIM hotA, unako khaNDita bolate haiN| ina pAMca svaroM se vyaJjanoM kI utpatti huI hai, kramazaH mUla svara inako dabAkara uccAraNa karate-karate ekadama uccAraNa banda karane se kramazaH nimna vyaJjana banate haiN| ha ya ra la va inakA mukha se uccAraNa hone ke samaya havA ke lie koI rukAvaTa nahIM hotii|

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jahAM inakA uccAraNa hotA hai, usI sthAna para pahale havA kA AghAta karake, phira ukta vyaJjanoM kA uccAraNa karane se nimna vyaJjana banate haiM gha jhaDha dha bha inako z2ora se bolA jAtA hai| inake Upara jo bala-z2ora hotA hai, usa z2ora ko kama karake yahI varNa bole jAeM to nimna varNa banate haiM ga jaDa da ba inakA jahAM uccAraNa hotA hai, usI sthAna ke thor3e se Upara ke bhAga meM vizeSa bala na dene se nimna varNa banate haiM inakA hakAra ke sAtha z2oradAra uccAraNa karane se nimna varNa banate haiM kha cha Tha tha pha anusvArapUrvaka inakA uccAraNa karane se inhIM ke anunAsika banate haiM aGka paJca ghaNTA indra kambala sakAra kA tAlu, mUrdhA tathA danta sthAna meM uccAraNa kiyA jAe to krama se, za, Sa, sa, aisA uccAraNa hotA hai| 'la' kA mUrdhA sthAna meM uccAraNa karane se 'La' banatA hai| isa prakAra varNoM kI utpatti hotI hai| isa vyavasthA se vargoM ke zuddha uccAraNa kA bhI patA laga sakatA hai| Upara jahAM-jahAM vyaJjana likhe haiM ve saba 'ka, kha, ga aise-akArAnta likhe haiN| isase uccAraNa karane meM sugamatA hotI hai| vAstava meM ve 'k, kh, g' aise-akArarahita haiM, itanI bAta pAThakoM ke dhyAna dharane yogya hai| varNoM ke Upara bahuta vicAra saMskRta meM huA hai| usameM se eka aMza bhI yahAM nahIM diyaa| hamane jo kucha thor3A-sA diyA hai, usase pAThakoM kI samajha meM A jAegA ki saMskRta kI varNa-vyavasthA bahuta socakara banAI gaI hai, anya bhASAoM kI taraha UTapaTAMga nahIM hai| saMskRta meM komala padArthoM ke nAma komala vargoM meM pAe jAte haiM, jaise-kamala, jala, anna aadi| kaThora padArthoM ke nAmoM meM kaThora varNa pAe jAeMge, jaise-khara, prastara, gardabha, khaDga aadi| ___kaThora prasaMga ke lie jo zabda hoMge, unameM bhI kaThora varNa pAe jAeMge, jaise-yuddha, vidrAvita, bhraSTa, zuSka, aadi| Ananda ke prasaMgoM ke lie jo zabda hoMge, unameM komala akSara pAe jAeMge,. jaise-Ananda, mamatA, sumana, dayA aadi|

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pATha 1 jina pAThakoM ne prathama bhAga acchI prakAra par3hA hai, aura usameM jo vAkya tathA niyama die hue haiM, unako ThIka-ThIka yAda kiyA hai, tathA jinhoMne usa ke parIkSA-praznoM kA uttara ThIka-ThIka diyA hai-arthAt jo parIkSA meM uttIrNa hue haiM, unako hI dvitIya bhAga ke abhyAsa se lAbha hogaa| isalie pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve zIghratA na kareM, tathA pahalI par3hAI kaccI rakhakara Age bar3hane kA yatna na kreN| prathama bhAga ke bhalI-bhA~ti par3hane se pAThakoM ke mana meM isa zikSA praNAlI kI sugamatA spaSTa ho gaI hogii| isa dUsare bhAga se pAThakoM kI yogyatA bahuta bddh'egii| isa bhAga kA sahI abhyAsa karane se pAThaka na kevala saMskRta meM acchI taraha bAtacIta karane meM samartha hoMge, apitu ve rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA nATaka Adi saMskRta grantho ke sugama adhyAyoM ko svayaM par3ha bhI skeNge| prathama bhAga meM zabdoM kI sAta vibhaktiyoM kA ullekha kiyA huA hai| parantu usa meM kevala eka hI vacana ke rUpa die gae haiN| aba isa pustaka meM tInoM vacanaM ke rUpa die jA rahe haiN| saMskRta meM tIna vacana haiM-1. ekavacana 2. dvivacana tathA 3. bhuvcn| hinda bhASA meM kevala do vacana haiM-1. ekavacana tathA 2. bhuvcn| ekavacana se eka kI saMkhyA kA bodha hotA hai jaise-ekaH AmraH (eka Ama) dvivacana se do kI saMkhyA kA bodha hotA hai, jaise-dvau Amrau (do aam)| bahuvacana se tIna yA tIna se adhika kI saMkhyA kA bodha hotA hai, jaise-trayaH AmrAH (tIna Ama), paJca AmrAH (pAMca Ama), daza AmrAH (dasa aam)| hindI bhASA meM do kI saMkhyA batAnevAlA koI vacana nahIM, parantu saMskRta meM do kI saMkhyA batAnevAlA 'dvivacana' hai| saMskRta meM do kI saMkhyA ke lie dvivacana kA hI prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai| aba sAtoM vibhaktiyoM, tInoM vacanoM meM, zabdoM ke rUpa yahA~ de rahe haiN| akArAnta pulliMga 'deva' zabda ke rUpa ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. devaH devAH (*) 2. devam devau(+) 3. devena devAbhyAm devAbhyAm (+) devebhyaH (=) 5. devAt devAbhyAm (+) devebhyaH (=) devau(+) devAn devaiH 4. devAya

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7. deve 6. devasya devayoH (x) devAnAm devayoH (x) deveSu sambodhana (he) deva (he) devau(+) (he) devAH (*) isI prakAra saba akArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa hote haiN| pAThakoM ne dekhA hogA ki vibhaktiyoM meM kaI rUpa eka jaise hote haiN| isa zabda meM jo-jo rUpa eka jaise haiM, unake Age koSTha meM eka-sA cihna lagA hai, jaise-', x, +, * (=)' ye cihna haiM jo ukta prakAra ke samAna rUpoM para lagAe gae haiN| agara pAThaka ina samAna rUpoM ko dhyAna meM rakheMge to yAda karane kA unakA parizrama baca jaaegaa| yaha samAna rUpa-zailI dhyAna meM rakhane ke lie 'kAla' zabda ke rUpa nIce die jA rahe haiM, aura jo samAna rUpa haiM, vahA~ koI rUpa na dekara (,) cihna-mAtra diyA gayA hai| ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. kAlaH kAlau kAlAH (he) kAla (he) kAlau (he) kAlAH 2. kAlam kAlau kAlAn 3. kAlena kAlAbhyAm kAlaiH 4. kAlAya kAlebhyaH 5. kAlAt 6. kAlasya kAlayoH kAlAnAm 7. kAle kAleSu ukta rUpa dene ke samaya sambodhana ke rUpa prathamA vibhakti ke sadRza hone ke kAraNa sAtha die hue haiN| inako dekhane se patA lagegA ki kauna-kauna-sI vibhaktiyoM ke kauna-kauna-se rUpa samAna hote haiN| aba pAThaka ina rUpoM ko dhyAna meM rakheM, yA inheM yAda kareM, kyoMki isI zabda ke samAna saba akArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa hoNge| dhanaJjaya, devadatta, yajJadatta, nArAyaNa, kRSNa, nAga, bhadrasena, mRtyuJjaya ityAdi akArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa isI prakAra calate haiN| niyama 1-jina akArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke andara 'ra' athavA 'Sa' varNa hotA hai, una zabdoM kI tRtIyA vibhakti kA ekavacana tathA SaSThI vibhakti kA bahuvacana karane meM 'na' ko 'Na' banAnA par3atA hai, jaiseekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. rAmaH rAmau rAmAH 2. rAmam 3. rAmeNa rAmAbhyAm rAmaiH rAmAn

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" 4. rAmAya rAmebhyaH 5. rAmAt rAmAbhyAm 6. rAmasya rAmayoH rAmANAm 7. rAme rAmeSu sambodhana ke rUpa pAThaka pUrvavat banA skeNge| isa zabda meM tRtIyA kA ekavacana 'rAmeNa' tathA SaSThI kA bahuvacana 'rAmANAm' ina do rUpoM meM nakAra ke sthAna para NakAra huA hai| isI prakAra nimnalikhita zabdoM ke rUpa hote haiM puruSa, nRpa, nara, rAmasvarUpa, sarpa, kara, rudra, indra, vyAghra, garbha ityaadi| parantu kaI aise zabda haiM jinameM 'ra' athavA 'Sa' Ane para bhI nakAra kA NakAra nahIM bntaa| jaise kRssnnen| kRssnnaanaam| krdmen| krdmaanaam| nrtnen| nrtnaanaam| isa viSaya meM niyama ye haiM niyama 2-jisa zabda meM 'ra' athavA 'Sa' ho, aura usake bAda 'na' Ae, to usa 'na' kA 'Na' bana jAtA hai, jaise kRSNa, tRSNA, viSNu ityAdi zabdoM meM SakAra ke bAda nakAra Ane se nakAra kA NakAra bana gayA hai| (sUcanA-padAnta ke nakAra kA NakAra nahIM banatA, jaise rAmAn karAn ityAdi kaa|) niyama 3-'ra' athavA 'Sa' aura 'na' ke bIca meM koI svara, ha, ya, va, ra, kavarga, pavarga, anusvAra ina vargoM meM se eka athavA aneka varNa Ane para bhI nakAra kA NakAra ho jAtA hai| jaise rAmeNa, puruSeNa, nareNa ityAdi zabdoM meM isa niyama ke anusAra nakAra kA NakAra banA hai| ina do niyamoM ko aura adhika spaSTa karane ke lie nIce par3hiye 'ra' ke pazcAt 'na' Ane se 'na' kA 'Na' bana jAtA hai| ___ 'Sa' ke pazcAt 'na' Ane se 'na' kA 'Na' bana jAtA hai| 'ra' / / ke bIca meM nIce diye varNa Ane para bhI / a A i I u U R 'na' kA athavA lu e ai o au aM 'Na' bana 'Sa' ha ya va ra jAtA ka kha ga gha Ga | 12 JI pa pha ba bha ma tathA hai|

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ra + [A + m + e] n + a = rAmena = raamenn| isa zabda meM ra aura na ke madhya meM 'A + m + e' ye tIna varNa Ae haiN| isa prakAra anya zabdoM ke viSaya meM bhI jAnanA caahie| k + R + S + [Na] + e + n + a = kRssnnen| isa zabda meM SakAra aura nakAra ke bIca meM 'Na' Ane se nakAra kA NakAra nahIM huA, kyoMki jo varNa bIca meM hone para bhI NakAra banatA hai, una vargoM meM 'Na' kI gaNanA nahIM huI hai| isI kAraNa 'matyena' zabda meM nakAra kA NakAra nahIM hotA hai, dekhie m + r + [t] + ye + n + a = maryena-isameM takAra bIca meM hai, aura usake hone se nakAra kA NakAra nahIM bntaa| ye niyama acchI taraha samajha lenA caahie| vAkya 1. mRgaH araNye mRtaH = hiraNa vana meM mara gyaa| 2. bAlakena krIr3A tyaktA = bAlaka ne khela chodd'aa| 3. manuSyeNa nagaraM dRSTam = manuSya ne zahara dekhaa| 4. janaiH rAmasya caritraM zrutam = logoM ne rAma kA caritra sunaa| 5. bAlakaiH dugdhaM pItam = bAlakoM ne dUdha piyaa| 6. sarpaNa mUSakaH hataH = sAMpa ne cUhA maaraa| 7. manuSyaiH dravyam labdham = manuSyoM ne dhana prApta kiyaa| 8. puSpaiH zarIraM bhUSitam = phUloM se zarIra sjaa| 9. AcAryaiH pustakaM pAThitam = adhyApakoM ne pustaka ko pddh'aayaa| 10. vRkSebhyaH phalAni patitAni = vRkSoM se phala gire| 11. mayA iSTaM phalaM prAptam = maiMne manacAhA phala prApta kiyaa| 12. sa brAhmaNebhyaH dakSiNAM dadAti = vaha brAhmaNoM ke lie dakSiNA detA hai| 13. vizvAmitraH ayodhyAm AgataH = vizvAmitra ayodhyA A gyaa| 14. sUryaH astaM gataH = sUrya asta ho gyaa| 15. duHkhena hRdayaM bhinnam = duHkha se hRdaya phaTa gyaa| 16. AkAze candraH uditaH = AkAza meM candra udaya huaa| ina vAkyoM meM jo zabda Aye haiM, unake artha hindI ke vAkyoM se jAne jA sakate haiN|

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pATha 2 zabda-pulliMga mUSakaH = cuuhaa| kAkaH = kauvaa| zAvakaH = baccA, ldd'kaa| nIvArakaNaH = dhAna kA kaNa, sUjI kA daanaa| mArjAraH = biDAla, billaa| kukkuraH = kuttaa| vyAghraH = sher| maharSiH = bar3A Rssi| kroDaH = goda, chaatii| napuMsakaliMga tapovanam = tapa karane kA sthaan| svarUpam = apanA ruup| svarUpAkhyAnam = apane rUpa kA aakhyaan| AkhyAnam = kathA, critr| saMnidhAnam = smiip| vizeSaNa bhraSTa = girA huaa| akIrtikara = badanAmI krnevaalaa| dRSTa = dekhA huaa| vardhita = pAlA, bar3hAyA huaa| savyatham = duHkha ke saath| kriyApada dhAvati = daur3atA hai| viveza = ghusa gayA thaa| saMvardhita = pAlA huaa| vardhitA = pAlI, bddh'aaii| palAyate = bhAgatA hai| vadanti = bolate haiN| palAyiSyate = bhaagegaa| bhava = ho, bana jaa| bibheSi = DaratA hai(tuu)| praviveza = ghusa gyaa| bibheti = DaratA hai (vh)| Alokayati = dekhatA hai (vh)| bibhemi = DaratA hU~ (maiN)| AlokayAmi = dekhatA hU~ (maiN)| dhAtu sAdhita khAditum = khAne ke lie| Alokya = dekhakara / dRSTvA = dekhakara / jIvitavyam = jIne yogya (vizeSaNa) jInA caahie| (kriyApada) strIliMga kIrtiH = yaza, naam| vyAghratA = sherpn| akIrtiH = bdnaamii| itara (aliMga athavA avyaya) 141 pazcAt = pIche se| idam = yh| yAvat = jaba tk| drutam = satvara yA

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jaldI / tAvat = taba taka | vilambitam vizeSaNoM kA upayoga aura unake liMga = derI se / dRSTaM tapovanam / vardhitaH vRkSaH / dRSTA nagarI / vardhitA lekhamAlA / hRSTaH manuSyaH / vardhitam kamalam / bhraSTaH puruSaH / arkItikaraH udyamaH / bhraSTA strI / akIrtikarI kathA / bhraSTaM pAtram / akIrtikaram AkhyAnam / pAlitaH putraH / rakSitaH bAlakaH / pAlitA putrikA / rakSitA puSpamAlA / pAlitaM gRham / rakSitaM jalam / zuddhaH vicAraH / pavitraH mantraH / zuddhA buddhiH / pavitrA strI / zuddhaM caritram / pavitraM pAtram / gataH sUryaH / AgataH jnH| gatA rAtriH / AgatA adhyApikA / gataM nakSatram / AgataM pustakam / prAptaH grISmakAlaH / bhakSitaH modakaH / prAptaM yauvanam / puSpitA vATikA / prAptaM vArdhakam / bhakSitaM phalam / pUrvokta zabdoM meM 'mUSakaH, zAvakaH, kAkaH, biDAlaH, mArjAraH, kukkuraH, vyAghraH ' ityAdi akArAnta pulliMga zabda haiN| aura unake rUpa pUrvokta deva, rAma Adi zabdoM ke samAna hote haiM / pAThaka ina zabdoM ke saba rUpa likheM aura unakA ukta rUpoM ke sAtha milAna karake ThIka kareM / 'bhraSTaH, dRSTa, saMvardhitaH savyathaH' ityAdi zabda bhI akArAnta pulliMga vizeSaNa hone se 'deva', 'rAma' kI hI taraha calate haiM / vizeSaNoM kA svayaM koI liMga nahIM hotA, ve vizeSya ke liMga ke anusAra calate haiM / " vAkya (7) RSiNA mUSakaH vyAghratAM nItaH / ( 8 ) muninA vyAghraH mUSakatvaM nItaH / ( 9 ) sa muniH acintayat / ( 10 ) sa puruSaH savyathaH acintayat / saMskRta hindI yahA~ hindI anuvAda saMskRta vAkya racanA ke kramAnusAra diye gaye haiM(1) asti gaGgAtIre haridvAraM nAma nagaram / (1) hai gaMgA ke kinAre para haridvAra nAmaka zahara / ( 2 ) asti mahArASTra mumbApurI nAma nagarI / (2) hai mahArASTra meM bambaI nAmaka zahara | (3) biDAlaH mUSakaM khAdati / ( 4 ) vyAghraH vRSabhaM khAdituM dhAvati / (5) biDAlaH kukkuraM dRSTvA palAyate / ( 6 ) sa puruSaH vyAghraM dRSTvA bibheti palAyate ca / ( 3 ) billA cUhe ko khAtA hai| (4) zera baila ko khAne ke lie daur3atA hai / (5) billA kutte ko dekhakara bhAgatA hai / (6) vaha puruSa zera ko dekhakara DaratA aura bhAgatA hai / (7) RSi ne cUhe ko vyAghra banA diyA / (8) muni ne vyAghra ko cUhA banA diyA / ( 9 ) vaha muni socane lagA / (10) vaha puruSa kaSTa ke sAtha socane lagA / 15

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ina vAkyoM meM kaI bAteM dhyAna meM rakhane yogya haiM saMskRta meM kathA ke AraMbha meM 'asti' Adi kriyA ke zabda vAkya ke prArambha meM Ate haiM, jinakA hindI meM vAkya ke anta meM artha diyA jAtA hai, jaisesaMskRta meM - asti gautamasya tapovane kapilo nAma muniH / hindI meM - gautama ke Azrama meM kapila nAmaka muni rahate haiM / saMskRta meM yaha vAkya-racanA, lalita (acchI) samajhI jAtI hai / niyama- kisI zabda ke sAtha 'tva' athavA 'tA' zabda jor3ane se usakA bhAvavAcaka zabda banatA hai, jaise - vRddha = buDDhA / vRddhatvam = buDDhApana / mUSakaH = cUhA, mUSakatA cUhApana / puruSaH = manuSya, puruSatvam = purusspn| pazu = jAnavara, haivAna / pazutva pazutA, haivAnapana / = = niyama - vizeSaNa kA koI apanA liMga nahIM hotA / vizeSya ke liMga ke anusAra hI vizeSaNoM ke liMga banate haiM, jaise strIliMga bhraSTA strI dRSTA nagarI saMvardhitA kIrtiH napuMsakaliMga bhraSTam puSpam dRSTaH putraH saMvardhitaH vRkSaH dRSTaM pustakam saMvardhitaM jJAnam savyathA nArI savyathaM mitram savyathaH vyAghraH isI prakAra anya vizeSaNoM ke sambandha meM bhI jAnanA cAhie / aba 'hitopadeza' nAmaka graMtha se eka kathA yahA~ dI jA rahI hai| pUrvokta zabda aura vAkya jinhoMne yAda kie hoMge, ve pAThaka isa kathA ko acchI prakAra samajha skeNge| isalie pAThaka hindI meM diyA huA artha binA dekhe kevala saMskRta par3hakara artha karane kA prayatna kareM / jaba sampUrNa kathA kA artha ho jAe, to sampUrNa pATha ko yAda kareM aura isake pazcAt hindI ke vAkya dekhakara unakI saMskRta banAne kA prayatna kreN| (1) munimUSakayoH kathA pulliMga bhraSTaH puruSaH (1) asti gautamasya maharSeH tapovane mahAtapA nAma muniH / tena AzramasannidhAne mUSakazAvakaH kAkamukhAd bhraSTaH dRSTaH / (2) tataH sa svabhAva - dayAtmanA tena muninA nIvArakaNaiH saMvardhitaH / tato biDAlaH 16 taM mUSakaM khAdituM dhAvati / (2) RSi aura cUhe kI kathA (1) gautama maharSi ke tapovana meM mahAtapA nAmaka eka muni rahatA hai| usane Azrama ke pAsa kauve ke mukha se girA huA cUhe kA baccA dekhA / (2) tatpazcAt usa (bacce) ko svAbhAvika dayA bhAva se prerita hokara muni ne dhAna ke kaNoM ko khilAkara pAlA,

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aba (eka) billA usa cUhe ko khAne ke lie daur3atA hai| (3) tam avalokya mUSakaH tasya muneH __(3) usa (bille) ko dekhakara cUhA usa kroDa prvivesh| tato muninA uktam- muni kI goda meM A ghusaa| taba muni ne "mUSaka, tvaM mArjAro bhv|" tataH sa kahA-"cUhe, tU billA bana jaa|" so vaha mArjAro jaatH| billA bana gyaa| (4) pazcAt sa biDAlaH kukkuraM (4) aba vaha billA kutte ko dekhakara dRSTvA plaayte| tato muninA bhAgane lgaa| taba muni ne kahA-"kutte uktam-'kukkurAd bibheSi, tvam eva se (tU) DaratA hai, tU kuttA hI bana jaa|" kukkuro bhava' tadA sa kukkuro jaatH| so vaha kuttA bana gyaa| ___(5) sa kukkuro vyAghrAd bibheti| tataH (5) vaha kuttA zera se Darane lgaa| taba tena muninA kukkuro vyAghraH kRtH| atha muni ne kutte ko vyAghra (zera) banA diyaa| vyAghramapi taM mUSaka-nirvizeSaM pazyati sa muni aba, vyAghra (bana cuke) ko bhI muniH / cUhe-sA hI dekhatA hai ! ___(6) atha taM muniM vyAghraM ca dRSTvA sarve (6) aba usa muni aura (usa) zera vadanti-"anena muninA mUSako vyAghratAM ko dekhakara saba kahane lage- "isa muni niitH|" ne cUhe ko zera banA diyaa|" (7) etat zrutvA sa vyAghraH (7) yaha sunakara vaha zera dukha se svytho'cintyt| 'yAvad anena muninA socane lagA-'jaba taka muni jindA rahegA jIvitavyaM tAvat idaM me svarUpAkhyAnam taba taka yaha apamAna karanevAlA merA rUpa akIrtikaraM na gamiSyati' iti Alocya (badalane) kI kahAnI nahIM qhatma hogii'| yaha sa muniM hantuM gtH| socakara vaha muni ko mArane ke lie claa| (8) tato muninA tataH jJAtvA, (8) isa para muni ne "phira cUhA bana 'punarmUSako bhava' ityuktvA mUSaka eva jA" kahakara use phira se cUhA hI banA kRtH| diyaa| (hitopadezAt) (hitopadeza) isa kathA meM Ae hue kucha samAsa isa prakAra haiM(1) AzramasaMnnidhAnam-Azramasya saMnnidhAnam Azramasya samIpam ityarthaH / (2) mUSakazAvakaH-mUSakasya zAvakaH / (3) kAkamukham-kAkasya mukhm| (4) nIvArakaNaH-nIvArANAM kaNaH nIvArANAM dhAnyavizeSaNAm aNshH| (5) vyAghratA-vyAghrasya bhAvaH vyAghratA, vyAghratvam ityarthaH / (6) mUSakatvam-mUSakasya bhaavH| (7) savyathaH vyathayA sahitaH savyathaH, duHkhena yuktaH ityarthaH /

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18 (8) svarUpAkhyAnam - svasya rUpaM svarUpam, svarUpasya AkhyAnaM svarUpAkhyAnam = svarUpakathA ityarthaH / pATha 3 me prathama pATha meM akArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa batAye gaye haiM / saMskRta AkArAnta pulliMga zabda bahuta thor3e hote haiM, tathA unake rUpa bhI bahuta prasiddha nahI hote, isalie unako banAne kA prakAra yahAM nahIM diyA jA rahA / pAThaka dekheM ki AkArAnta zabda prAyaH strIliMga hote haiM, aura akArAnta zabda strIliMga nahIM hote kisa zabda kA kyA anta hotA hai, yaha dhyAna rakhane ke lie kucha zabda nIce die jA rahe haiM 1. akArAnta-deva, rAma, kRSNa, dhanaJjaya, jJAna, Ananda 2. AkArAnta - ramA, vidyA, gaGgA, kRSNA, ambA, akkA 3. ikArAnta - hari, bhUpati, agni, ravi, kavi, pati 4. IkArAnta - lakSmI, tarI, tantrI, nadI, strI, vANI 5. ukArAnta- bhAnu, viSNu, vAyu, zambhu, sUnu, jiSNu 6. UkArAnta- camU, vadhU, zvazrU, yavAgU, campU, jambU 7. RkArAnta-dAtR, kartR, bhoktR, gantR, pAtR, vaktR 8. aikArAnta - rai (dhana) 9. aukArAnta- dyau, gau 10. kakArAnta-vAk, sarvazak 11. takArAnta-sarit, bhUbhRt, harit 12. dakArAnta-zarad, tamonud 13. sakArAnta- candramas, tasthivas, manas ye zabda dekhane se pAThaka jAna sakeMge ki kisa zabda ke anta meM kauna-sA varNa AtA hai| aba ikArAnta pulliMga 'hari' zabda ka rUpa dekhie dvivacana harI ekavacana 1. hariH sambo. (he) hare 2. harim 3. hariNA (he) 17 "" haribhyAm bahuvacana harayaH (hai) " harIn haribhiH

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4. haraye haribhyAm haribhyaH 5. hareH 6. , hoH harINAm 7. harau hariSu isI prakAra bhUpati, agni, ravi, kavi Adi zabdoM ke rUpa banate haiN| prathama pATha meM die niyama 3 ke anusAra hari, ravi Adi zabdoM ke rUpoM meM nakAra kA NakAra ho jAtA hai| prathama pATha ke niyama 1 meM kahA gayA hai ki ekavacana eka kI saMkhyA kA bodhaka, dvivacana do kI saMkhyA kA bodhaka tathA bahuvacana tIna athavA tIna se adhika kI saMkhyA kA bodhaka hotA hai, jaise 1. ekavacana-rAmasya caritram = (eka) rAma kA (eka) critr| 2. dvivacana-munimUSakayoH kathA = muni aura mUSaka (ina donoM) kI kthaa| rAmasya bAMdhavau-eka rAma ke (do) bhaaii| ___3. bahuvacana-zrIkRSNabhImArjunAH jarAsaMdhasya gRhaM gatAH = zrIkRSNa, bhIma tathA arjuna (ye tInoM) (eka) jarAsandha ke (eka) ghara ko ge| kumAreNa AmrAH AnItAH = (eka) lar3akA (tIna athavA tIna se adhika arthAt do se adhika) Ama laayaa| isa prakAra saMskRta meM vacanoM dvArA saMkhyA kA bodha hotA hai| hindI meM do kI saMkhyA kA bodha karane ke lie koI khAsa vacana kA cihna nahIM hai| yahI saMskRta kI vizeSatA aura pUrNatA kA dyotaka hai| aba hara vibhakti ke tInoM vacanoM kA upayoga kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai, yaha batAyA jA rahA hai| prathamA vibhakti vAkya meM prathamA vibhakti kartA kA sthAna batAtI hai (kartA vaha hotA hai jo kriyA karatA hai)| 1. rAmaH rAjyam akarot = rAma rAjya karatA thaa| 2. rAmalakSmaNau vanaM gacchataH = rAma lakSmaNa (ye do) vana ko jAte haiN| 3. pANDavAH zrIkRSNasya upadezaM zRNvanti = (tIna athavA tIna se adhika) pANDava zrIkRSNa kA upadeza sunate haiN| ina tIna vAkyoM meM krama se 'rAmaH, rAmalakSmaNau, pANDavAH' ye pada ekavacana, dvivacana, bahuvacana ke haiM aura unake apane-apane vAkyoM meM jo kriyA AI hai, usa-usa kriyA ke ye karttA haiN|

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dvitIyA vibhakti vAkya meM karma dvitIyA vibhakti meM hotA hai (kriyA jisa kArya kA kiyA jAnA batAtI hai vaha karma hotA hai|) 1. dazarathaH rAjyaM karoti = dazaratha rAjya karatA hai| 2. kRSNaH karNo pidhAya tiSThati = kRSNa (donoM) kAna banda karake khar3A hai| 3. devadattaH granthAn paThati = devadatta (tIna yA tIna se adhika) granthoM ko par3hatA ina tIna vAkyoM meM 'rAjyaM, ko, granthAn' ye tInoM pada dvitIya vibhakti ke haiM aura ve apane-apane vAkyoM kI kriyA ke karma haiN| kriyA kA karanevAlA (usa) kriyA kA kartA hotA hai aura jo kArya kartA dvArA kiyA jAtA hai vaha (usa) kriyA kA karma hotA hai| arthAt-'dazaratha rAjyaM karoti' isa vAkya meM dazaratha kartA, 'rAjya' karma tathA 'karoti' kriyA hai| isI prakAra anya vAkyoM meM jAnanA caahie| tRtIyA vibhakti kriyA kA sAdhana tRtIyA vibhakti meM hotA hai| saMskRta meM use 'karaNa' bolate haiM 1. kRSNavarmA khaDgena vyAghram ahan = kRSNavarmA (ne) talavAra se zera ko maaraa| 2. sa netrAbhyAM sUryaM pazyati = vaha (donoM) AMkhoM se sUrya ko dekhatA hai| 3. arjunaH bANaiH yuddhaM karoti = arjuna (do se adhika) bANoM ke sAtha yuddha karatA hai| ___ ina tIna vAkyoM meM 'khaDgena, netrAbhyAM, vANaiH' ye tIna zabda tRtIyA vibhakti ke haiM aura kriyAoM ke sAdhana haiN| arthAt hanana karane kA sAdhana khaDga, dekhane kA sAdhana netra aura yuddha karane kA sAdhana bANa haiN| caturthI vibhakti kriyA jisake lie kI jAtI hai, usakI caturthI vibhakti hotI hai| saMskRta meM ise 'sampradAna' kahate haiM kyoMki 'ke lie' kA sambandha vizeSakara pradAna yA dene kI kriyA se hotA hai| 1. rAjA brAhmaNAya dhanaM dadAti = rAjA brAhmaNa ko dhana detA hai| 2. putrAbhyAM modako dadAti = (vaha) (do) putroM ko do laDDU detA hai| 3. kRpaNaH yAcakebhyaH dravyaM na dadAti = kRpaNa mAMganevAloM ko dravya nahIM detaa|

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ina tIna vAkyoM meM 'brAhmaNAya, putrAbhyAM, yAcakebhyaH' ye tIna zabda caturthI vibhakti meM haiM aura ve batA rahe haiM ki tInoM vAkyoM meM jo pradAna huA hai, vaha kinake lie huA hai| paJcamI vibhakti vAkya meM paMcamI vibhakti arthAt apAdAna 'se' se ghoSita hotI hai| apAdAna kA artha hai 'chor3anA', 'alaga honaa|' - 1. sa nagarAd grAmaM gacchati = vaha nagara se gAMva ko jAtA hai| 2. rAmaHvasiSThavAmadevAbhyAM prasAdam icchati = rAma, vasiSTha, vAmadeva (ina donoM) se prasAda cAhatA hai| _____ 3. madhumakSikA puSpebhyaH madhu gRhAti = zahada kI makkhI (do se adhika) phUloM se zahada letI hai| ina tInoM vAkyoM meM 'nagarAt, vasiSThavAmadevAbhyAM' puSpebhyaH ye pada pAMcavAM anta hai| aura yaha pAMcavAM anta rUpa kisase kisakA apAdAna (prApta huA) hai, yaha batAte haiM SaSThI vibhakti vAkya meM SaSThI vibhakti 'sambandha' artha meM AtI hai| 1. tad rAmasya pustakam asti = vaha rAma kI pustaka hai| 2. rAmarAvaNayoH sumahAn saMgrAmaH jAtaH = rAma rAvaNa (ina donoM) kA bar3A bhArI yuddha huaa| ___3. nagarANAm adhipatiH rAjA bhavati = zaharoM kA svAmI rAjA hotA hai| ina tInoM vAkyoM meM chaThaveM anta padoM se patA lagatA hai ki pustaka, saMgrAma, adhipati-inakA kinake sAtha mukhya sambandha (arthAt adhikAra athavA svAmIsambandha) hai| saptamI vibhakti vAkya meM saptamI vibhakti 'adhikaraNa (Azraya) sthAna' artha meM AtI hai| 1. nagare bahavaH puruSAH santi = zahara meM bahuta puruSa haiN| 2. tena karNayoH alaMkArau dhRtau = usane (do) kAnoM meM (eka-eka) bhUSaNa (z2evara) dhAraNa kie| 3. pustakeSu citrANi santi = pustakoM ke andara tasvIreM haiN| ina vAkyoM meM tInoM sAtavAM anta pada 'sthAna' (adhikaraNa) artha batAte haiN| M

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arthAt puruSoM kA nagara Azraya hai, alaMkAroM kA kAna tathA citroM kA sthAna pustaka hai| ___ sambodhana vibhakti pukArane ke samaya sambodhana kA prayoga hotA hai| 1. he dhanaJjaya ! atra Agaccha-he dhanaMjaya ! yahAM aa| 2. he putrau ! tatra gacchatAm-he (donoM) lar3ako ! vahAM jaao| 3. he manuSyAH ! zRNuta-he (do se adhika) manuSyo ! suno| isa prakAra saba vibhaktiyoM ke artha tathA upayoga hote haiN| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve bAra-bAra inakA vicAra karake inake arthoM ko ThIka-ThIka yAda rakheM aura inheM kabhI na bhUleM kyoMki inakA bahuta mahatva hai| ise acchI taraha yAda rakhane ke lie isakA sArAMza nIce diyA jA rahA hai vibhakti artha bhASA meM pratyaya prathamA kartA kriyA kA karanevAlA-ne dvitIyA karma jo kiyA jAtA hai-ko tRtIyA karaNa kriyA kA sAdhana-ne, se, dvArA sampradAna jinake lie kriyA kI jAe-ke lie paMcamI apAdAna jisase viyoga hotA hai-se eka kA dUsare SaSThI sambandha ke Upara adhikAra-kA saptamI adhikaraNa sthAna, Azraya-meM sambodhana AhvAna pukAranA-he . SaSThI vibhakti do nAmoM kA-eka pada kA anya pada se-sambandha batAtI hai| zeSa chaH vibhaktiyAM eka nAma-pada kA kriyA se sambandha batAtI haiM-ve kAraka haiN| SaSThI vibhakti kAraka nahIM hotii| ina vibhaktiyoM ke artha tathA upayoga ke sahI jJAna se hI saMskRta meM vAkya banAne kA kArya tathA prAcIna pustakoM kA artha-bodha hotA hai| caturthI pATha 4 kriyA pratibhASet = (vaha) uttara de (gaa)| pRccheyama = pUrvI (gaa)| prativadet = (vaha) 22 uttara de (gaa)| sevase = (tU) sevana karatA hai| sevate = (vaha) sevana karatA hai|

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seye = (maiM) sevana karatA huuN| saMbhASya = bolkr| ApRcchaya = puuchkr| Adizat = (usane) AjJA kii| prakSipati = (vaha) pheMkatA hai| niSkAsyatA = nikAla diyA jaae| parityaja = (tU) pheMka de| prativadet = (vaha) javAba de (gaa)| pratyavadat = (usane) uttara diyaa| pratyabravIt = (usane) uttara diyaa| avadat = (vaha) bolaa| zabda-pulliMga bhagavata = Izvara / bhagavataH = Izvara kaa| vrajana = clnevaalaa| pathin = maarg| pathi = mArga meN| arbhakaH = ldd'kaa| caraNa = paaNv| devaH = Izvara / nRpaH = raajaa| prasAdaH = dyaa| puruSaH = manuSya / icchan = icchA karatA huA (athavA karane vaalaa)| jvaraH = bukh'aar| AvegaH = z2ora / jvarAvegaH = buqhAra kA z2ora / cikitsakaH = vaidy| vayasyaH = mitr| yamaH = mRtyu, ym| kSAraH = nmk| candraH = cAMda / ardhacandram = galA pakar3akara (nikAlanA yA dhakkA denaa)| mandaH = maMda buddhivaalaa| parijanaH = naukr| strIliMga galahastikA = galA pakar3anA (kriyaa)| mRttikA = mittttii| napuMsakaliMga prativacanam = uttara, javAba / kSatam = vrnn| prativacaH = javAba, uttara / araNyam = vn| vizeSaNa vidagdha = jJAnI, vidvAna, pakA huaa| bahira = bahirA, na sunanevAlA / avidagdha = ajnyaanii| Arta = rogI, piidd'it| prasthita = pravAsa ke lie calA, musAfira ho gyaa| pRSTa = pUchA huaa| rugNa = biimaar| bhadra = hitkaark| sahya = sahane yogy| bhadratara = donoM meM adhika acchaa| samartha = shktimaan| bhadratama = sabase adhika acchaa| duHsaha = sahana karane meM ktthin| pratikUla = virodhii| niHsArita = nikAlA huaa| anukUla = muaaph'ik| anya (avyaya) iti = aisaa| sakopam = gusse se| bahiH = baahr| sAdaram = namratA ke saath| sannikAzam = paas| tadanu = usake pazcAt / tathaiva = vaisA hii| tadanurUpam

Page #173
= usake anurUpa (anukuul)| ukta zabda kaMTha karane ke pazcAt nimna vAkya smaraNa kIjie vAkya saMskRta hindI (1) kazcit puruSaH svamitraM dRSTum icchti| koI puruSa apane mitra ko dekhanA cAhatA hai| vaha mitra ke pAsa jAkara kyA pUchatA (2) mitrasya saMnikAzaM gatvA, sa kiM pRcchati? (3) sa mitrasannikAzaM gatvA, anukUlaM saMbhASya, pazcAt tam ApRcchaya, gRham aagmissyti| (4) sa kiM prativadati ? (5) evaM sa pratikUlavacanaM zrutvA kupitH| (6) sa kiM kSate kSAraM prakSipati ? (7) tena cauraH galahastikayA gRhAd bahiH niHssaaritH| (8) sa rugNaH sakopam uccaiH avdt| vaha mitra ke pAsa jAkara, anukUla bhASaNa karake, bAda meM usase pUchakara, ghara lauTa aaegaa| vaha kyA uttara detA hai ? isa prakAra viruddha bhASaNa sunakara vaha gussA ho gyaa| vaha kyoM ghAva para namaka DAlatA hai ? usane cora kA galA pakar3akara ghara se bAhara nikAla diyaa| vaha rogI gusse meM UMcI AvAz2a se bolaa| (2) avidagdhasya badhirasya kathA (2) ajJAnI bahire kI kathA (1) ko'pi badhiraH svamitraM jvarArtaM zrutvA, taM draSTumicchan, gRhAt prsthitH| pathi vrajana evaM aciNtyt| (2) mitrasannikAzaM gatvA 'apisahyo jvaranAvegaH iti pRccheym|| 'kiMcid iva sahyaH' iti sa prtivdet| (1) koI bahirA apanA mitra jvara se pIr3ita hai (aisA) sunakara, usako dekhane kI icchA karatA huA ghara se claa| mArga meM jAtA huA aisA socane lgaa| (2) mitra ke pAsa jAkara 'kyA bukhAra sahana karane yogya (hai),' yaha puuchuugaa| 'thor3A hI sahana karane yogya hai !' aisA vaha uttara degaa| (3) phira 'kyA davA lete ho ?' aisA 24 (3) tatH 'kiM auSadhaM sevase'

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iti pRccheyam / ' idaM auSadhaM seve' iti pratibhASeta / anantaraM 'kaste cikitsakaH ' ? iti mayA pRSTaH 'asau mama cikitsakaH ' iti prativadet / (4) atha tattadanurUpaM saMbhASya, mitram ApRcchaya, gRham AgamiSyAmi / (5) evaM cintayan mitraM prApya, sAdaram apRcchat " vayasya, api sahyo jvarAvegaH ?" iti / "tathaiva vartate / na vizeSaH" iti sa pratyavadat / (6) "bhagavataH prasAdena tathaiva vartatAm / kIdRzaM auSadhaM sevase ?" iti / jvarArtaH pratyabravIt " mama auSadhaM mRttikA eva" iti / (7) vayasyaH prAha - " tadeva bhadrataram / "kaste cikitsakaH" iti / ( 8 ) rugNaH sakopaM abravIt " mama bhiSag yama eva" iti / ( 9 ) badhiraH provAca - " sa eva samarthaH taM mA parityaja' iti / (10) evaM pratikUlaM prativacanaM zrutvA sa rogI duHsahena kopena samAviSTaH parijanam Adizat / (11) "bhoH katham ayam evaM kSate kSAraM prakSipati / niSkAsyatAM ayam ardhacandradAnena " iti / ( 12 ) atha sa badhiro maMdadhIH parijanena galahastikayA bahiH niHsAritaH / (kathA-kusumAJjaleH) puuchuuNgaa| 'yaha davA letA hUM' aisA vaha uttara degA / pazcAt 'kauna tumhArA vaidya ( hai ) ' aisA mere pUchane para 'amuka merA vaidya hai' aisA vaha uttara degA / ( 4 ) anantara isa prakAra anukUla bolakara, mitra se pUcha-tAchakara ghara A jAUMgA / ( 5 ) isa prakAra vicAra karatA huA mitra (ke pAsa pahuMcakara, Adara ke sAtha pUchA - "mitra kyA sahana karane yogya buqhAra kA z2ora ( hai ) " / "vaisA hI hai, koI farka nahIM", aisA vaha javAba meM bolA / (6) "paramezvara kI kRpA se vaisA hI rahe / kauna-sI auSadha lete ho ?" aisA pUchane para rogI ne "merI davA miTTI hI hai" aisA pratyuttara diyA / ( 7 ) mitra bolA - "vahI adhika hitakArI ( hai ) / " "kauna - sA terA vaidya ( hai ) ?" (8) rogI krodha se bolA- "merA vaidya yama hI ( hai ) !" (9) badhira bolA - " vahI zaktimAna hai, usako na chodd'|" (10) isa prakAra virodhI vacana sunakara usa rogI ne asahya krodha se yukta hokara naukara ko AjJA kI / (11) "are kyoM yaha isa prakAra z2aqhma para namaka DAlatA hai / nikAla de, isako galA pakar3akara / ( 12 ) pazcAt usa mUrkha badhira ko naukara ne galA pakar3akara bAhara nikAlA / (kathA kusumAJjali ) 25

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noTa-hindI meM 'iti' zabda kA saba jagaha bhASAntara nahIM hotaa| saMskRta ke muhAvare bhI bhASA ke muhAvaroM se bhinna hote haiN| yahAM saMskRta kI zabda-racanA ke anusAra hI hindI kI vAkya-racanA rakhI hai| isa kAraNa bhASAntara aTapaTA lagegA, aura use sahI DhaMga se samajha lenA caahie| samAsa-vivaraNa 1. svamitram-svasya mitraM-svamitram, svavayasyaH / 2. jvarAtaH-jvareNa ArtaH pIr3itaH, jvrpiidd'itH| 3. jvarAvegaH-jvarasya AvegaH jvraavegH| 4. sAdaram-AdareNa sahitam aadryuktm| 5. sakopam-kopena sahitaM-sakopam, sakrodham ityarthaH / pATha 5 (he), pichale pAThoM meM akArAnta tathA ikArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa die gaye haiN| saMskRta meM dIrgha IkArAnta zabda bhI haiM, parantu unake prayoga bahuta nahIM hote, isalie unako chor3akara yahAM ukArAnta pulliMga zabda ke rUpa diye jA rahe haiMekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. bhAnuH bhAnU bhAnavaH sambodhana he bhAno 2. bhAnum bhAnUn 3. bhAnunA bhAnubhyAm bhAnubhiH 4. bhAnave bhAnubhyaH 5. bhAnoH 6. , bhAnvoH bhAnUnAm 7. bhAnau bhAnuSu isI prakAra sUnu, zambhu, viSNu, vAyu, indu, vidhu ityAdi ukArAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa jAnane caahie| pAThaka ina zabdoM ke rUpa saba vibhaktiyoM meM banAkara likheM, tathA tRtIya pATha meM die DhaMga se hara rUpa ko vAkya meM prayukta karane kA prayatna kreN| agara do vidyArthI sAtha par3hate hoM, to eka-dUsare se zabdoM ke rUpa saba vibhaktiyoM meM paraspara pUchakara, hara eka rUpa kA upayoga bhI paraspara puuche| isase saba vibhaktiyoM 26 ke rUpoM kI sthiti samajha meM A jAegI tathA unakA upayoga kaise kiyA jAtA hai,

Page #176
usakA bhI jJAna ho jaaegaa| parantu jahAM par3hanevAlA akelA ho vahAM saba rUpa tathA vAkya banAkara kAgaz2a para likhane cAhie aura unako bAra-bAra par3hakara yAda karanA caahie| saMskRta meM jahAM-jahAM do svara athavA do vyaMjana eka-sAtha A jAte haiM vahAM ve qhAsa DhaMga se mila bhI jAte haiN| inheM saMdhiyAM kahate haiN| hamane jahAM taka ho sakA hai isa prakAra kI sandhiyAM nahIM dI haiN| prathama bhAga kI apekSA dvitIya bhAga meM ye sandhiyAM adhika dI jA rahI haiN| saMdhiyAM kahAM aura kisa prakAra karanA cAhie isake niyama nimnalikhita haiM niyama 1-eka pada (zabda) ke andara jor3a (sandhi) avazya honI caahie| jaise-rAmeSu, deveSu, rAmeNa ityaadi| saptamI ke bahuvacana kA pratyaya 'su' hai parantu isake pIche 'e' hone se 'su' kA 'Su' banatA hai| eka pada (zabda) meM hone se yaha sandhi Avazyaka hai| prathama pATha meM diye gaye niyama 3 ke anusAra 'rAmeNa' meM nakAra kA NakAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai kyoMki yaha bhI pada hai| niyama 2-dhAtu kA upasarga ke sAtha jahAM sambandha hotA hai vahAM sandhi Avazyaka hai| (kevala vedoM meM dhAtuoM se unakA upasarga alaga rahatA hai, isa kAraNa vahAM yaha niyama nahIM lgtaa|) jaise ut+gcchti-udgcchti| niH+badhyate nirbdhyte| niyama 3- samAsa meM bhI sandhi avazya karanI caahie| jaise- jagat + jananI = jgjjnnii| tat + rUpaM = tdruupm| niyama 4- padyoM meM bhI bahuta aMzoM meM sandhi Avazyaka hotI hai| niyama 5- bolane ke samaya bolanevAlA sandhi kare athavA na kare, yaha usakI icchA para nirbhara hotA hai| jahAM AsAnI ho, vahAM vaha sandhi kare, jahAM na ho, na kre| athavA jahAM bolanevAlA sandhi karake sunanevAle ko artha kA bodha sugamatA se karA sake, vahA~ sandhi kare, anyatra na kre| ___isa niyama ke anusAra isa pustaka meM bahuta sthAnoM para sandhi nahIM kI gaI hai, jahAM Avazyaka pratIta huA vahIM kI gaI hai| 'svayaM-zikSaka' kA uddezya vidyArthiyoM kA sugamatA se saMskRta bhASA meM praveza karAnA hai| isalie AraMbhika avasthA meM sandhi na karanA hI ucita hai| yadi Arambha meM hI sandhiyAM karake vAkyoM kI lambI lar3iyAM banAyI jAeMgI to pAThaka ghabarA jAeMge tathA unakI buddhi meM saMskRta kA praveza nahIM hogaa| aba taka saMskRta sikhAne kI jo pustakeM banI haiM, unameM saba sthAnoM para sandhiyAM hone se pAThaka unako svayaM nahIM par3ha sakate, na unase svayaM lAbha uThA sakate haiN| sandhiyoM ke patthara tor3akara saMskRta-mandira meM praveza karAne kA kArya isa pustaka kA hai| pAThaka 27

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bhI svIkAra kareMge ki isa vidhi se saMskRta-mandira meM unakA praveza sugamatA se ho rahA hai| aba isa niyama kA sahI jJAna karAne ke lie eka udAharaNa dete haiM[1] ttstmupkaarkmaacaarymaalokyeshvrbhaavnaayaah| yaha vAkya sandhiyAM karake likhA hai| yadyapi isameM bar3I sandhi prAyaH koI nahIM hai taba bhI saba jor3akara likhane se pAThaka isako usa taraha nahIM samajha sakate jaise nimna prakAra se likhane para samajha sakate haiM [2] tataH tam upakArakam AcAryam Alokya Izvara-bhAvanayA Aha [pazcAt usa upakAra karanevAle AcArya ko dekhakara Izvara kI bhAvanA se (arthAt Adara bhAva se) khaa| uparokta donoM vAkya eka hI haiM parantu prathama vAkya kaThina hai; dUsarA AsAna hai| isakA kAraNa dvitIya vAkya meM koI sandhi na honA hai| isI prakAra bolanevAlA apanI marjI ke anusAra sandhi kare athavA na kare-yaha usakI aura sunane vAle kI suvidhA para nirbhara hai| kucha loga samajhate haiM ki saMskRta meM saMdhiyA~ Avazyaka haiM, parantu yaha galata hai| bolanevAlA apanI icchA se jahAM cAhe sandhi kare, jahAM na cAhe vahAM jaise ke taise zabda rahane de| yaha bAta saba prakAra kI sandhiyoM ke viSaya meM sahI hai| pustaka meM mukhya-mukhya sandhiyoM ke niyama die jAeMge, pAThaka ina niyamoM ko acchI prakAra samajhakara, jahAM-jahAM sandhi karane kI AvazyakatA ho, vahAM-vahAM niyamAnusAra sandhi kA upayoga kreN| loga samajhate haiM ki ye sandhiyAM kevala saMskRta meM hI haiM parantu yaha unakI bhUla hai| phreMca, jarmana Adi bhASAoM meM bhI sandhiyAM haiN| iMgaliza meM bhI sandhiyAM haiM, dekhie 1. It is--iTa iz2a-yaha vAkya 'iTIz2a' hI bolA jAtA hai| 2. It is arranged out of court iTa ija areMjDa AuTa oNfa korTa yaha vAkya nimnalikhita prakAra bolA jAtA hai i-TI-z2areMjhDAuTApha korTa isa prakAra iMgaliza meM sahasroM sthAnoM para bolanevAle ke icchAnurUpa saMdhiyAM hotI haiM parantu aMgrejI vyAkaraNa meM inake viSaya meM koI niyama nahIM diye haiN| kevala isI kAraNa loga samajhate haiM ki aMgrez2I meM koI sandhi nahIM hotii| jarmana bhASA meM to saMdhiyoM kI bharamAra hai| isI prakAra hindI meM bhI sthAna-sthAna para sandhiyAM hotI haiN| dekhie Apa kaba ghara meM jAte haiN| 28

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yaha vAkya nimna prakAra se bolA jAtA haiApkabyarme jAte haiN| arthAt bolanevAlA 'Apa, kaba, ghara' ina tIna zabdoM ke anta ke AkAra kA lopa karake bolatA hai| parantu hindI vyAkaraNoM meM isa viSaya meM koI niyama nahIM diyA gyaa| saMskRta kA vyAkaraNa RSiyoM ne bahuta sUkSmatApUrvaka banAyA hai, isa kAraNa usameM saba niyama die gaye haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki saba bhASAoM meM sandhiyAM haiN| parantu sandhi karanA yA na karanA vaktA kI icchA tathA avasara ke Upara nirbhara hai| vAkya saMskRta hindI (1) nRpeNa tasmai dhanaM dttm| (2) rAmaH sItayA saha vanaM gtH| (3) aparAdhaM vinA tena saH dnndditH| (4) kumAreNa kaNThe mAlA dhRtaa| (1) rAjA ne usako dhana diyaa| (2) rAma sItA ke sAtha vana ko gyaa| (3) aparAdha ke binA usane usako daMDa diyaa| (4) lar3ake ne gale meM mAlA dhAraNa kii| __(5) maiMne usakI bAta bhI nahIM sunii| (6) tUne sukha prApta kiyaa| (7) kRSNa ke upadeza se arjuna kA moha nAza ho gyaa| (8) gaMgA kA jala snAna karane ko (5) mayA tasya vArtA api na shrutaa| (6) tvayA sukhaM praaptm| (7) kRSNasya upadezena arjunasya mohaH naSTaH / (8) gaGgAyA udakaM snAnArthama atra aany| (9) te gRhaM gcchnti| (10) janAstaM' muniM naiva nindnti| yahAM le aa| __(9) ve ghara jAte haiN| (10) loka usa muni ko nahIM niMdate pATha 6 zabda-pulliMga bhAvitacetAH = vicaaryukt| viSAdaH = kheda, ksstt| vivekaH = vicAra, soc| 29 janAH +tN| 2. n+ev|

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vipraH = brAhmaNa / avivekaH = avicaar| bAlaH = choTA ldd'kaa| rAjAH = raajaa| sarpaH = saaNp| rAjJaH = rAjA kaa| kRSNasarpaH = kAlA saaNp| vatsaH = lar3akA, bchdd'aa| cauraH = cora / AcAryaH = guru / janaH = manuSya / kAlaH = samaya / nakulaH = nevlaa| anuzayaH = pshcaattaap| pAThakaH = pddh'nevaalaa| strIliMga __ bhAryA = dhrmptnii| bAlA = lar3akI, strii| ujjayinI = ujjaina ngrii| AcAya = strii-adhyaapikaa| ujjayinyAm = ujjaina nagarI meN| AcAryANI = guruptnii| napuMsakaliMga pArvaNam = pArvaNI meM honevAlA zrAddhAdi / apatyam = sntaan| AhvAnam = nimntrnn| zrAddham = zrAddha, mRtakriyA, zraddhA se kiyA krm| dAridrayam = daridratA, griibii| puram = zahara, ngr| vizeSaNa prasUtA = prasUta huii| vyApAditavAn = hanana kiyA, maaraa| vilipta = lepana huaa| para = zreSTha, bahuta, duusraa| khAdita = khAyA huaa| pAlita = pAlA huA vyApAdita = mArA huA, hanana kiyA huaa| khaNDita = tor3A huaa| sustha = ArAma se yukt| anya nirvizeSam = smaan| satvaraM = shiighr| atha = anntr| tathAvidham = vaisaa| kriyA avasthApya = rkhkr| snAtum = snAna karane ke lie| vyavasthApya = rakhakara luloTha = pdd'aa| upagamya = pAsa jAkara / yAtum = jAne ko| avadhArya = samajhakara grahISyati = legaa| upasRtya = pAsa hokr| upagacchati = pAsa jAtA hai| nirIka = dekhkr| vyavasthA payati = ThIka rakhatA hai| 130

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vAkya saMskRta hindI (1) asti kAlikAtA nagare sUryazarmA (1) kalakattA zahara meM sUryazarmA nAma viprH| nAmaka brAhmaNa rahatA hai| (2) prabhAvatI nAmnI tasya bhAryA (2) prabhAvatI nAmaka usakI dharmapatnI suzIlA asti| suzIlA hai| (3) ekadA sA nadItIre snAnArthaM gtaa| (3) eka bAra vaha nadI kinAre snAna ke lie gii| (4) sUryazarmA brAhmaNaH gRhe sthitH| (4) paM. sUryazarmA ghara meM rhaa| (5) sa aciNtyt| (5) vaha socane lgaa| (6) yadi satvaram ahaM na gmissyaami| (6) agara maiM zIghra nahIM jaauuNgaa| (7) anyaHko'pi tatra gmissyti| ___(7) dUsarA koI vahAM jaaegaa| (8) tasya bhAryA snAnaM kRtvA zIghram (8) usakI dharmapatnI snAna karake eva gRham aagtaa| jaldI se hI ghara A gii| (9) sUryazarmA svabhAryAm AgatAm (9) paM. sUryazarmA apanI dharmapatnI ko avalokya avdt| AI huI dekhakara bolaa| ___(10) devi ! aham idAnIM bahirgantum / __(10) devI, maiM aba bAhara jAnA cAhatA icchaami| (11) patnI brUte-bhagavan, kutra gantum (11) patnI bolatI hai-bhagavan, kahAM icchA idAnIm ? jAne kI icchA hai aba ? (12) rAjJaH gRhe nimantraNam asti| (12) rAjA ke ghara nimaMtraNa hai| (13) tarhi gntvym| zIghrameva (13) to jaaie| jaldI (vApasa) aagntvym| aaie| (14) satvaraM pAkAdikaM siddhaM bhvissyti| (14) zIghra hI bhojana taiyaha hogaa| (3) aviveko'nuzayAya kalpate / (3) avicAra pazcAttApa ke lie hotA hai (1) asti ujjayinyAM mAdhavaH nAma viprH| tasya bhAryA prsuutaa| sA bAlA'patyasya rakSaNArthaM patim avasthApya (1) ujjayinI nagarI meM mAdhava nAmaka brAhmaNa hai| usakI dharmapatnI prasUtA huii| vaha bAlasaMtAna kI rakSA ke lie pati ko 31

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snAtuM gtaa| (2) atha brAhmaNAya rAjJaH pArvaNazrAddhaM dAtum AhvAnam Agatam / tat zrutvA sa vipraH sahajadAridrayAd acintyt| (3) yadi satvaraM na gacchAmi tadA tatra anyaH kazcit zrAddhaM gRhiissyti| (4) kintu bAlakasya atra rakSako naasti| tat kiM karomi ? yaatu| cirakAla-pAlitam imaM nakulaM putranirvizeSa bAlakarakSaNArthaM vyAvasthApya gacchAmi / tathA kRtvA gtH| (5) tataH tena nakulena bAlakasya samIpam Agacchan kRSNasarpo dRSTvA vyApAditaH khaNDitaH c| (6) tataH asau nakulo brAhmaNaM AyAntam avalokya raktavilipta mukhapAdaH satvaram upagamya taccaraNayoH lulotth| rakhakara snAna ke lie clii| (2) anantara brAhmaNa ke lie rAjA kA pArvaNazrAddha dene ke lie nimantraNa A gyaa| yaha sunakara vaha brAhmaNa svAbhAvika daridratA se socane lgaa| (3) agara zIghra nahIM jAtA hUM to vahAM dUsarA koI zrAddha le legaa| (4) parantu bAlaka kA yahAM rakSaNa karanevAlA nhiiN| to kyA karUM? jAne do| bahuta samaya se pAle hue isa putra ke samAna nevale ko saMtAna kI rakSA ke lie rakhakara jAtA huuN| vaisA karake gyaa| (5) pazcAt usa nevale ne bAlaka ke pAsa Ate hue kAle sAMpa ko dekhakara (usako) mArA aura Tukar3e kara die| (6) anantara yaha nevalA brAhmaNa ko Ate hue dekhakara khUna se bhare hue muMha aura pAMva (ke sAtha) zIghra pAsa jAkara usake pAMva pdd'aa| (7) isake bAda isa brAhmaNa ne vaise usako dekhakara, 'bAlaka isane khAyA' aisA samajhakara nevale ko mAra diyaa| (8) anantara jaba pAsa jAkara dekhatA hai, taba bAlaka ArAma (meM) hai aura sA~pa marA huA hai| (9) pazcAt usa upakAra karane vAle nevale ko dekhakara vicAramaya hokara bahuta duHkha ko prApta huaa| (hitopadeza) (7) tataH sa vipraH tathAvidhaM taM dRSTvA bAlako'nena khAditaH iti avadhArya nakulaM vyaapaaditvaan| (8) anantaraM yAvad upasRtya pazyati tAvad bAlakaH susthaH sarpaH ca vyApAditaH tisstthti| (9) tataH taM upakArakaM nakulaM nirIkSya bhAvitacetA sa paraM viSAdaM gtH| (hitopadezAt) samAsa-vivaraNa 1. avivekaH-na vivekaH avivekH| avicaarH| 2. vipraH-vizeSeNa prAjJaH viprH| vishessjnyaanyuktH|

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3. satvaram - tvarayA sahitaM satvaram | zIghram / 4. bAlakarakSaNArtham - bAlakasya rakSaNaM, bAlakarakSaNam / bAlakarakSaNasya arthaH, bAlakarakSaNArthaH taM, bAlakarakSaNArtham / 5. bAlakasamIpam - bAlakasya samIpam bAlakasamIpam / 6. kRSNasarpaH - kRSNazca asau sarpaH kRSNasarpaH 7. raktaviliptamukhapAdaH - raktena viliptau mukhaM ca pAdaH ca mukhapAdau / raktaviliptau mukhapAdau yasya saH raktaviliptamukhapAdaH / 8. taccaraNau - yasya caraNau taccaraNau / 7 9. upakArakaH- upakAraM karoti, iti upakArakaH / 10. bhAvitacetAH -- bhAvitaM cetaH (manaH) yasya saH bhAvitacetAH / sandhi kie hue kucha vAkya 1. mUrkho' bhAryAmapi vastraM na paridhApayati- mUrkha dharmapatnI ko bhI kapar3e nahIM pahanAtA / 2. vasiSThoM rAmamupadizati' - vasiSTha rAma ko upadeza detA hai / 3. viprAstattvaM jAnanti - paMDita loga tatva jAnate haiM / 4. parvate vRkSAssanti - parvata para vRkSa haiM / 5. agnirgRhaM dahati - Aga ghara jalAtI hai | 6. AcAryastaM nApazyat - guru ne usako nahIM dekhA / 7. mUlyamadatvaiva" tena" dhAnyamAnItam 2 - kImata na dekara hI vaha dhAna lAyA / 8. namaste - tere lie namaskAra / 9. namo bhagavate vAsudevAya namaskAra bhagavAna vAsudeva ke lie / 10. namastubhyam " - tumhAre lie namaskAra / 11. vasiSThavizvAmitrabhAradvAjebhyo " namaH - vasiSTha, vizvAmitra, bhAradvAja inake lie namaskAra / 12. sAdhubhirjanaistava mitratva masti" - sAdhu janoM ke sAtha terI mitratA hai / 13. zrIrAmacandro " jayatu- zrIrAmacandra kI jaya ho / 14. zrIdharo" nadyAM snAti - zrIdhara nadI meM snAna karatA hai / 15. tvAmabhivAdaye" - tumako (maiM) namaskAra karatA huuN| 1. mUrkhaH + bhAryA / 2. bhAryAm+api / 3. vasiSThaH + rAmaM / 4. rAmaM + upadizati / 5. viprAH+tatvam / 6. vRkSAH + santi / 7. agniH+gRhaM / 8 AcAryaH+taM / 9 na+apazyat / 10. mUlyam +adatvA / 11. adtvaa+ev| 12. dhAnyam + AnItam / 13 namaH+te / namaH + bhagavate / 15 namaH + tubhyam / 16. bhaardvaajebhyH+nmH| 17. sAdhubhiH+ janaH / 18 janaiH+tava / 19 mitratvam +asti / 20. candraH + jayatu / 21. zrIdharaH+nadyAm / 22. tvAm + abhivAdaye / 14 33

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pATha 7 pUrvokta chaH pAThoM meM akArAnta, ikArAnta tathA ukArAnta pulliMga zabda banAne kA DhaMga batAyA hai| ikArAnta tathA ukArAnta pulliMga zabda eka jaise hI banate haiM / ikArAnta pulliMga zabdoM meM jahAM 'ya' AtA hai, vahAM ukArAnta pulliMga zabdoM meM 'va' AtA hai, tathA 'i aura u' ke sthAna para kramazaH 'e aura o' Ate haiM, yaha pAThakoM ke dhyAna meM AyA hogA / ise yAda rakhane se zabda yAda karane kI bahuta-sI mehanata baca jaaegii| dIrgha AkArAnta, IkArAnta tathA ukArAnta pulliMga zabda bahuta prasiddha na hone ke kAraNa yahAM nahIM diye jA rahe / unakA vicAra Age kreNge| aba isI krama meM RkArAnta zabda ke rUpa dekhie RkArAnta pulliMga 'dhAtR' zabda dvivacana dhAtArau ekavacana 1. dhAtA sambodhana he dhAtaH (dhAtar ) 2. dhAtAram 3. dhAtrA 4. dhAtre 5. dhAtuH he "" ". dhAtRbhyAm "" "" dhAtroH bahuvacana dhAtAraH he " dhAtRn dhAtRbhiH dhAtRbhyaH 27 dhAtRNAm 6. dhAtuH 7. dhAri dhAtRSu isI prakAra kartR, netR, naptR, zAstR, udgAtR, dAtR, jJAtR, vidhAtR ityAdi zabda calate haiN| ina saba zabdoM ke rUpa likheM, tAki saba vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa ThIka-ThIka yAda ho jaaeN| jitanA bala pAThaka ina zabdoM kI taiyArI meM lagAyeMge, usI anupAta meM unakI saMskRta bolane, likhane Adi kI zakti bddh'egii| samAsa aura unake niyama pUrvokta chaH pAThoM meM pAThakoM ne dekhA hogA ki vAkyoM meM kaI zabda akele hote haiM tathA kaI zabda do-do tIna-tIna athavA adhika zabdoM se milakara banate haiM / do athavA do se adhika zabdoM se bane hue zabda - samUha ko 'samAsa' kahate haiM / | jaise - rAmakRSNa, gaMgAdhara, kRSNArjuna, jvarArta, tapovana, munimUSaka, ityAdi / ye tathA isI 1 34

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prakAra ke sahasroM sAmAsika zabda saMskRta meM pratidina prayukta hote haiN| samAsoM ke dvArA thor3A bolane se jyAdA artha vyakta hotA hai| _1. 'gaMgAyAH laharI' aisA kahane kI apekSA 'gaMgAlaharI' kahane se hI 'gaMgA kI lahara' artha vyakta hotA hai| 2. 'pItam ambaraM yasya saH' kahane kI apekSA 'pItAmbaram' hI kahane se pIlA hai vastra jisakA vaha (viSNu)' artha niSpanna hotA hai| 3. tasya vacanam tdvcnm| 4. prajAyAH hitam prjaahitm| 5. bharatasya putraH bhrtputrH| isI prakAra anyAnya zabdoM ke viSaya meM jAnanA caahie| jaba pAThakoM ke sAmane isa prakAra kA sAmAsika zabda A jAe, taba prathama unake pada alaga-alaga karake aura pUrvApara sambandha dekhakara una padoM kA artha lagAnA caahie| jaise 1. akIrtikaram = a + kIrti + karam = na kIrtiH = akIrtim: akIrti karoti iti = akiirtikrm|| 2. mUSakazAvakaH = mUSaka + zAvakaH = mUSakasya zAvakaH = muusskshaavkH| 3. raktaviliptamukhapAdaH = rakta + vilipta + mukha + pAdaH = raktemu viliptam = rktviliptm| mukhaM ca pAdaH ca = mukhapAdau / raktaviliptau mukhapAdau yasya saH = rktviliptmukhpaadH| isa prakAra samAsoM ko tor3A jAtA hai, aisA karane se samAsa kA artha khula jAtA hai| samAsoM ke prakAra bahuta se haiN| una sabakA varNana hama Age kreNge| yahAM kevala namUnA diyA jA rahA hai| niyama 1-saMskRta meM akAra ke bAda AnevAle visarga ke sammukha akAra A jAne se isa akAra sahita visarga kA 'o' bana jAtA hai, aura Age kA akAra lupta ho jAtA hai tathA akAra ke sthAna para, akAra kA sUcaka 5 aisA cihna lagA diyA yaha cihna avazya likhanA cAhie, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| kucha loga likhate haiM, kucha nahIM likhte| bolane meM akAra kA uccAraNa nahIM hotA (parantu bolanevAle kI icchA ho to vaha akAra kA uccAraNa kara bhI sakatA hai|) arthAt sandhi kA niyama vaktA cAhe to prayoga meM lA sakatA hai| jaise___ 1. kaH api ko'pi| 2. rAmaH agacchat raamo'gccht| | a:+a o' 3. dhanyaH asmi=dhnyo'smi|

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niyama 2-padAnta ke anusvAra kA 'm' ho jAtA hai aura usake Age jo svara AegA, usa svara ke sAtha vaha makAra mila jAtA hai| jaise 1. kim asti kimsti| 2. vadham abhikAMkSan vdhmbhikaaNkssn| 3. idam auSadham idmaussdhm| isa prakAra sandhiyA~ jor3akara vAkya likhane se pAThakoM ko kaThinatA hogI, isalie isa pustaka meM kisI-kisI sthAna para sandhi kI hai, anya sthAnoM para nahIM kI hai| aba pAThaka ina niyamoM ke anusAra pAThoM meM jahAM-jahAM sandhi nahIM kI hai, vahAM-vahAM sandhi kareM, use likheM, jisase sandhiyoM kA unakA abhyAsa dRr3ha ho jaae| zabda-pulliMga daNDaH = soTI, ddnnddaa| mahAvIraH = bar3A zUra, eka devtaa| ekaikaH = hara ek| mAsaH = mhiinaa| mAsi = mahIne meN| durAtman = duSTa aatmaa| vipravezaH = paMDita kI pozAka / vAsaraH = din| nandanaH = putra, ldd'kaa| prahasan = haMsatA huaa| bhavatAm = aapkaa| bhavantaH = Apa (bhuvcn)| bhagAn = Apa (ekvcn)| baliH = balI, bhojn| dRSTAzayaH = bure mnvaalaa| mahAzayaH = acche mnvaalaa| abhikAGkSan = icchA krnevaalaa| janapadaH = prdesh| madhuparkaH = dadhi, madhu, ghii| pArthivaH = raajaa| stuvan = stuti karatA huaa| svaH = apnaa| strIliMga caturdazI = caudahavIM tithi, caudaha tArIkha / bhUmiH = pRthvii| kArA = jelkhaanaa| napuMsakaliMga vaktavyam = bolane yogya / abhilaSitam = icchita / bhISaNam = bhayaMkara / dvandvam = mllyuddh| vastu = pdaarth| svavezman = apanA ghr| vezman = ghr| Asan = aasn| gRham = ghr| madgRham = merA ghr| kArAgRham = jelkhaanaa| vizeSaNa manvAna = maannevaalaa| bhISaNa = bhyNkr| saMzodhita = zuddha kiyA huaa| kArAgRhIta = jela meM par3A huaa| kRtakRtya = kRtArtha / dIkSita = jisane dIkSA lI huI hai| baliSTha = blvaan| ucita = yogya, ThIka, munaasib|

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anya bahudhA = aneka prakAra se| purA = prAcIna kAla meN| kila = nizcaya se| yathocita = yogytaanusaar| iti = aisaa| dvidhA = do prakAra se| daNDavat = soTI ke smaan| vastutaH = scmuc| kriyA jitvA = jIta krke| nirudhya = baMda krke| samupavezya = bitthaakr| AkarNya = sunkr| praNamya = praNAma krke| sampUjya = pUjA krke| hatvA = hanana krke| ghAtayitvA = hanana karake / vRNISva = cuna / varayAmAsa = cunaa| AsIt = thaa| akarot = karatA thaa| pradAsyAmi = duuNgaa| pravartate = hotA hai| mocayAmAsa = khola diyA, mukta kara diyaa| nipAtayAmAsa = girA diyaa| pratipedire = prApta huaa| vAkya (1) purA kila kRSNakRtyo nAma ekaH kSatriyaH aasiit| (2) sa dRSTAzayo'nyAyena raajymkrot| (3) tena bahavaH kSatriyAH kAsagRhe sthaapitaaH| (4) tasmin rAjye zAsati na ko'pi sukhaM praaptvaan| (5) sarve dhArmikAH tasya rAjyaM tyaktvA anyatra gtaaH| (6) zrIkRSNaH tasya vadhamicchan tasya rAjadhAnIM gtH| (7) tena saha bhImo'pi aasiit| ; (8) bhImasenaH kRSNakRtyena saha mllyuddhmkrot| (1) prAcIna kAla meM kRSNakRtya nAmaka eka kSatriya thaa| (2) vaha duSTaAtmA anyAya se rAjya karatA thaa| (3) usane bahuta-se kSatriya jelakhAne meM DAla rakhe the| (4) usake rAjya zAsana ke samaya kisI ko bhI sukha prApta nahIM huaa| (5) saba dhArmika (puruSa) usakA rAjya chor3akara dUsare sthAna para ge| (6) zrIkRSNa usake vadha kI icchA karatA huA usakI rAjadhAnI meM gyaa| (7) usake sAtha bhIma bhI thaa| (8) bhImasena ne kRSNakRtya ke sAtha mallayuddha kiyaa| * yahA~ zAsati saptamI hai| saMskRta meM isa prakAra ke prayoga bahuta Ate haiM, jinakA varNana hama Age vistArapUrvaka kreNge| 37

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38 (4) jarAsaMdha - kathA (1) purA kila jarAsaMdho nAma ko'pi kSatriyaH AsIt / sa durAtmA mahAvIrAn kSatriyAn yuddhe nirjitya svavezmani nirudhya mAsi mAsi kRSNacaturdazyAM ekaikaM hatvA bhairavAya teSAM balim akarot / (2) evaM sakala - janapada kSatriyavadhe dIkSitasya tasya duSTAzayasya vadhaM abhikAGkSan zrIkRSNaH bhImArjunasahitaH tasya gRhaM vipraveSeNa praviveza / ( 3 ) sa tu tAn vastuto viprAn eva manvAno daNDavat praNamya yathocitam AsaneSu samupavezya madhuparkadAnena sampUjya, dhanyo'smi, kRtakRtyo'smi, kimartha bhavanto madgRham AgatAH tadvaktavyam / (4) yad yad abhilaSitaM tatsarvaM bhavatAM pradAsyAmi iti uvAca / tad AkarNya bhagavAn zrIkRSNaH prahasan pArthivaM taM abravIt / (5) 'bhadra, vayaM kRSNa- bhImArjunAH yuddhArthaM smaagtaaH| asmAkaM anyatamaM dvandvayuddhArthaM vRNISva iti / ' (6) so'pi mahAbalaH ' tathA ' iti vadan dvandvayuddhAya bhImasenaM varayAmAsa / atha bhImajarAsaMdhayoH bhISaNaM mallayuddhaM paJcaviMzati trAsarAn pravartate sma / (7) ante ca bhagavatA devakInandanena (4) jarAsaMdha - kathA (1) pUrvakAla meM nizcaya se jarAsaMdha nAmaka koI eka kSatriya thA / vaha dRSTAzaya bar3e zUra kSatriyoM ko yuddha meM jItakara apane ghara meM banda karake pratyeka mahIne meM kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI ke dina eka-eka ko hanana karake bhairava ke lie unakI bali karatA thA / (2) isa prakAra sampUrNa deza ke kSatriyoM kA hanana karane kI dIkSA (vrata) lie hue, usa durAtmA ke vadha kI icchA karanevAlA zrIkRSNa, bhIma tathA arjuna ke sAtha usake ghara meM brAhmaNa kI pozAka meM praviSTa huaa| (3) vaha to unako sacamuca brAhmaNa hI samajhakara soTI ke samAna ( daNDavat ) praNAma karake, yathAyogya AsanoM ke Upara biThAkara madhuparka dekara pUjA karake, (maiM) dhanya hUM, (maiM) kRtakRtya hUM, kisalie Apa mere ghara Ae, vaha kahie / (4) jo jo Apako icchita hogA vaha saba Apako dUMgA, aisA bolaa| yaha sunakara bhagavAna zrIkRSNa haMsatA huA usa rAjA se bolA / (5) 'he kalyANa, hama kRSNa, bhIma, arjuna yuddha ke lie Ae haiM / hamAre meM se kisI eka ko dvandvayuddha ke lie cuno' (aisA ) / (6) usa mahAbalI ne bhI 'ThIka' aisA kahakara mallayuddha ke lie bhImasena ko cunA / pazcAt bhIma aura jarAsaMdha inakA bhayaMkara mallayuddha paccIsa dina huA / 6 (7) anta meM bhagavAna devakI - putra

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sambodhitaH sa bhImasenaH tasya zarIraM dvidhA kRtvA bhUmau nipaatyaamaas| (8) evaM baliSThaM jarAsandham pANDuputreNa pAtayitvA tena kArAgRhItAn pArthivAn vAsudevo mocyaamaas| (kRSNa) se kahe hue, usa bhImasena ne usake zarIra ke do hisse karake bhUmi para giraae| (8) isa prakAra balavAna jarAsaMdha ko pANDu ke usa putra dvArA maravAkara, jelakhAne meM banda kie hue rAjAoM ko zrIkRSNa ne chor3a diyaa| (9) ve bhI usa bhagavAna kI bahuta prakAra stuti karate hue apane pradeza ko prApta hue| (9) te'pi taM bhagavantaM bahudhA stuvantaH svAn svAn janapadAn prtipedire| (mahAbhAratAt) (mahAbhArata) samAsa-vivaraNa 1. duSTAzayaH-duSTaH AzayaH yasya saH, duSTAzayaH, duraatmaa| 2. bhImArjunasahitaH-bhImaH ca arjunaH ca bhiimaarjunau| bhImArjunAbhyAM sahitaH, bhiimaarjunshitH| . 3. madhuparkadAnam-madhuparkasya dAnaM, mdhuprkdaanm| 4. kRSNabhImArjunAH-kRSNazca bhImazca arjunazca, kRssnnbhiimaarjunaaH| 5. devakInandanaH-devakyAH nandanaH, devkiinndnH| 6. sakalajanapadakSatriyavadhaH-sakalaM ca yat janapadaM ca, skljnpdm| sakalajanapadasya kSatriyAH, skljnpdksstriyaaH| sakalajanapadakSatriyANAM vdhHskljnpdksstriyvdhH| pATha 8 saMskRta meM pulliMga ke lukArAnta, ekArAnta, aikArAnta, okArAnta tathA aukArAnta zabda hote haiM, parantu unameM bahuta hI thor3e aise haiM jo vyAvahArika vArtAlApa meM Ate haiN| isalie inako chor3akara vyaJjanAnta pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpoM kA prakAra diyA jA rahA hai 39

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(he), annanta pulliMga 'brahman' zabda ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana brahmA brahmANau brahmANaH sambodhana (he) brahman (he), 2. brahmANam brahmaNaH 3. brahmaNA brahmabhyAm brahmabhiH brahmaNe brahmabhyaH brahmaNaH 6. , brahmaNoH brahmaNAm 7. brahmaNi brahmasu isI prakAra jinake anta meM 'an' AtA hai aise Atman, yajvan, suzarman, kRSNavarman, aryaman ityAdi annanta zabda calate haiN| pAThaka inako smaraNa karake inake rUpa likheN| annanta zabdoM meM kaI aise zabda bhI haiM jinake rUpa 'brahman' zabda se kucha bhinna prakAra ke hote haiN| unameM 'rAjan' zabda mukhya hai| annanta pulliMga 'rAjan' zabda ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. rAjA rAjAnaH sambodhana (he) rAjan 2. rAjAnam rAjJaH rAjJA rAjabhyAm rAjabhiH rAjabhyaH rAjJaH rAjJoH rAjJAm 7. rAjJi / rAjJoH rAjasu rAjani / isa zabda ke samAna 'majjan, sIman, garimana, laghiman, sunAman, durNAmana, aNiman' ityAdi zabda calate haiN| pAThaka inake rUpa banAkara likheM, jisase ki inake rUpa banAnA ve bhUla na jaaeN| aba kucha svarasandhi ke niyama likhate haiN| niyama-a, i, u, R svaroM ke sammukha sajAtIya hasva athavA yahI dIrgha svara 10 AeM to, una donoM svaroM kA eka sajAtIya dIrgha svara banatA hai| jaise rAjAnau 4. rAje

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a+a = A+a = i+i = I A A a+A A+A = = A A + u+u = U U+u = U u+U = U U+U = U R+R = R inake udAharaNa nIce die haiM, unako dekhane se ukta niyama ThIka prakAra se samajha meM A jaaegaa| [a] vasiSTha+AzramaH = vasiSThAzramaH = a+A = A ramA+AnandaH = ramAnandaH = A+A = A divya+aruNaH = divyAruNaH = a+a = A devatA+aMzaH = devatAMzaH = A+a = A ina udAharaNoM meM pahale do zabda die haiM, phira unakI sandhi rUpa diyA hai, tatpazcAt kauna-se svara milane se kauna-sA svara banA hai, yaha batAyA hai| isI prakAra anya svaroM ke udAharaNa nIce die jA rahe haiM kavi+iSTam = kavISTam = i+i = I nadI+icchA = nadIcchA = I+i = I kavi+IzvaraH = kavIzvaraH = i+I = I lakSmI+IzvaraH = lakSmIzvaraH = I+I = I [u] bhAnu+udayaH = bhAnUdayaH = u+u = U camU+UrmiH = camUrmiH = U+U = U vadhU+ucchiSTam = vadhUcchiSTam = U+u = U sUnu UruH = sUnUruH = u+U = U RkAra kI sandhi pracalita nahIM hai, isalie nahIM dI jA rhii| pAThaka isa sandhi-niyama ko ThIka se smaraNa rakheM kyoMki yaha niyama bahuta upayogI hai| aba nIce kucha zabda die jA rahe haiM, unako yAda kIjie

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42 zabda- pulliMga I adhipatiH = rAjA / bhrAtR bhAI / patiH svAmI / bhrAtaram = bhAI ko / durgaH = kilA / adhIzaH = svAmI, rAjA / adhikAraH = hukUmata / dInAraH = mohara / udantaH = vRttAnta | svAmin = svAmI / bahumAnaH ke lie| svAmI / vadan = bolatA huA / = bahuta sammAna / svAmI = svAmine napuMsakaliMga = = = 1 = = pIna = moTA-tAz2A / adharmazIla = adhArmika / kRpaNa: jisakA adhikAra chInA hai / itara = anya / gata suprApya, AsAna / durgagata qile ke bhItara / durvinIta kraayaa| krUra = krodhI, gussA karanevAlA / tuSTa meM pravRtta I iha = vAditvam = bolanA / yauvanam = tAruNya, javAnI / sahasram teja, cmk| Arjavam saralatA / tejasA = teja se / vizeSaNa sammukha / = - 1 = isa loka meM / amutra = bhetavyam Darane yogya / rakSitavyam = = dhAtu sAdhita = 1 = - kaMjUsa / bhraSTAdhikAra prApta, gayA huA / sulabha namratArahita / kArita khuza | anyAya - pravRtta = anyAya = anya paraloka meM / mahyay = mujhe, mere lie / agre = rakSA karane yogya / haz2Ara / tejas kriyA (maiM) DaratA = labhate prApta karatA hai| apRcchat = pUchA ( usane ) / bibhemi huuN| abravIt = bolA ( vaha ) / bibheSi = = DaratA hai (tU) / abhASata bolA ( vaha ) / zAsti = rAjya karatA hai ( vaha ) / avadat = bolA ( vaha ) / bibheti = DaratA hai ( vaha ) / avadam (maiMne kahA / apRccham (maiMne puuchaa| avadaH = (tUne) kahA / apRcchaH (tUne) puuchaa| abravIH (tUne ) kahA / agacchat = gayA ( vaha ) / zAsmi 1 = (maiM) | rAjya karatA hUM / = = - = =

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saMskRta vAkya hindI (1) mAlavadezasya rAjA kaJcit puruSaM (1) mAlava deza ke rAjA ne kisI eka durgasya vRttmpRccht| puruSa se qile kA vRttAnta puuchaa| (2) kimarthaM sa rAjA tameva (2) kyoM usa rAjA ne usI puruSa se puruSamapRcchat ? pUchA ? (3) yataH saH puruSaH durgapradezAd (3) kyoMki vaha puruSa durga-deza se aagtH| AyA thaa| (4) puruSeNa rAjJe kiM kathitam ? (4) puruSa ne rAjA ko kyA kahA ? (5) durgapAlaH kRpaNo'dhArmikaH (5) durgapAla kaMjUsa, adhArmika, krUra, krUro'vinItaH ca asti iti purusso'vdt| aura anamra hai, aisA manuSya ne khaa| (6) tad AkarNya rAjA krodhaM praaptH| (6) yaha sunakara rAjA krodha ko prApta huaa| (7) puruSeNa uktam-krodhaH kimartha (7) puruSa ne kahA-gussA kisalie kriyte| yanmayA uktaM tatsatyam asti| kiyA jAtA hai| jo maiMne kahA, vaha satya (8) yaH puruSaH IzvarAd bibheti sa itarasmAd kasmAd api na bibheti| (9) rAjA tasya vacanena tuSTaH san tasmai dInArANAM sahasraM ddau| (10) yaH satyaM vadati tam IzvaraH sadaiva rkssti| (11) ataH sarve satyameva vdnti| (8) jo manuSya Izvara se DaratA hai, vaha Izvara se bhinna dUsare kisI se bhI nahIM ddrtaa| (9) rAjA (ne) usake bhASaNa se santuSTa hokara usako haz2Ara mohareM diiN| (10) jo satya bolatA hai, usakI Izvara hamezA rakSA karatA hai| ___ (11) isa kAraNa saba satya bolate haiN| (5) kRtArthasatyavAditvam (5) saca bolane se kRtikAritA (1) mAlavAdhipatiH darpasAraH durgAt AgataM kaJcit puruSaM durgapAlagataM udantaM apRccht| (1) mAlavadeza ke rAjA darpasAra ne durga se Ae hue kisI eka puruSa ko. durgapAla-sambandhI vRttAnta puuchaa| 43 |

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(2) puruSaH abravIt-sa durgapAlaH (2) puruSa bolA-vaha durgapAla pInaH yauvana-sulabhena tejasA balena ca moTA-tAz2A, tAruNya ke kAraNa prApta hue yuktaH svargAdhipatiriva kAlaM nyti| teja se tathA bala se yukta svarga ke rAjA ke samAna samaya vyatIta karatA hai| (3) darpasAraH prAha-nAhaM tasya (3) darpasAra bolA-maiM usake zarIra zarIrasvAsthyaM pRcchAmi kintu kathaM sa prajAH kA svAsthya nahIM pUchatA hUM, parantu kaisA zAsti iti mahyaM kthy| vaha prajA ke Upara rAjya karatA hai, yaha mujhe kh| (4) puruSo'bhASata-sa kRpaNaH (4) puruSa bolA-vaha kaMjUsa, adharmazIlaH durvinItaH krUraH ca asti| adhArmika, namratA-rahita aura krodhI hai| rAjA abhASata-prajAbhiH dASAn tasya rAjA bolA-prajAoM ne usake doSa rAjA svAmine kathayitvA kimarthaM bhraSTAdhikAro na ko kathana karake kyoM adhikAra-bhraSTa na kaaritH| kraayaa| (5) puruSo'kathayat-tasya svAmI (5) puruSa bolA-usakA svAmI svayaM svayameva anyAya-pravRttaH asti| bhI anyAya karanevAlA hai| (6) rAjA uvAca-puruSa, na jAnAsi (6) rAjA bolA-he manuSya tU nahIM ko'hmiti| puruSaH pratyabhASata-jAnAmi / jAnatA maiM kauna huuN| puruSa bolA-maiM tvAM durgapAlasya jyeSThabhrAtaraM maalvaadhiishm| jAnatA hUM ki tuma durgapAla ke bar3e bhAI mAlava deza ke rAjA ho| (7) rAjA avadat-etad vRttAntaM mama (7) rAjA bolA-yaha vRttAnta mere agre kathayituM kathaM na bibheSi ? sAmane kahane ke lie tU kaise nahIM DaratA bhI aba (8) puruSaH avadat-IzvarAd (8) puruSa bolA-Izvara se DaranevAlA bibhyatpuruSaH taditarasmAt kasmAd api na manuSya usake sivAya anya kisI se bhI bibheti| nahIM ddrtaa| (9) tathA ca satyaM vadan jano manasA'pi (9) usI prakAra saca bolane vAlA asatyaM na cintyti| manuSya jhUTha ko mana se bhI nahIM cintana karatA hai| (10) anena vacanena tuSTo rAjA puruSasya (10) isa bhASaNa se khuza hue rAjA ArjavaM dRSTvA tasmai dInAra-sahasram adadAt ne, puruSa kI saralatA ko dekhakara usako avadat ca-satyabhASaNe kRtanizcayena haz2Ara mohareM dI aura kahA-satyabhASaNa puruSeNa na kasmAdapi bhetvym| karane kA nizcaya kie hue puruSa ko kisI se bhI nahIM DaranA caahie| AA

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(11) yataH sa sadA IzvareNa rkssitvyH| satyavAdI iha amutra ca bahumAnaM lbhte| (11) kAraNa vaha sadaiva paramezvara se rakSita hotA hai| satya bhASaNa karanevAlA isa loka meM tathA paraloka meM bahuta sammAna prApta karatA hai| samAsa-vivaraNa 3. 1. mAlavAdhipatiH-mAlavasya adhipatiH, maalvaadhiptiH| zarIrasvAsthyam-zarIrasyasvAsthayaM, shriirsvaasthym| adharmazIlaH-na dhamaH adhrmH| adharme zIlaM yasya saH adhrmshiilH| bhraSTAdhikAraH-bhraSTaH adhikAraH yasmAt saH bhrssttaadhikaarH| anyAyapravRttaH-anyAye pravRttaH, anyaayprvRttH| dInArasahasraM-dInArANAM sahasra, dInArasahasram satyabhASaNaM-satyaM ca tat bhASaNaM, stybhaassnnm| 8. kRtanizcayaH-kRtaH nizcayaH yena saH kRtnishcyH| 7. pATha 9 ekavacana ___nakArAnta pulliMga zabdoM meM zvan, yuvan, maghavan,' zabdoM ke rUpa kucha vilakSaNa se hote haiN| unako nIce de rahe haiM nakArAnta pulliMga 'zvan' zabda dvivacana bahuvacana 1. zvA zvAnau zvAnaH sambodhana (he) zvan 2. zvAnam zunaH 3. zunA zvabhyAm zvabhiH 4. zune zvabhyaH zunAm 45

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46 nakArAnta pulliMga 'yuvan' zabda dvivacana yuvAnau (he),, ekavacana 1. yuvA sambodhana (he) yuvan 2. yuvAnam 3. yUnA 4. yUne 5. yUnaH 6. yUnaH 7. yUni ekavacana 1. maghavA sambodhana (he) maghavan 2. maghavAnam 3. maghonA 4. maghone 5. maghonaH 6. "" 7. maghoni yuvabhyAm = " = 27 "" yUnoH yUnAm yuvasu nakArAntaH pulliMga ' maghavan' zabda dvivacana maghavAnI (hai) " 11 17 maghavabhyAm "" maghonoH "" bahuvacana yuvAnaH 27 17 " yUnaH yuvabhiH yuvabhyaH " 27 "" madhavasu zvan (kuttA), yuvan (javAna), maghavan (indra) inake artha haiM / inake prayoga saMskRta meM bahuta bAra Ate haiM isalie pAThaka inakA ThIka-ThIka smaraNa rkheN| aba sandhi ke kucha aura niyama dete haiM niyama 1 - padAnta ke makAra ke sammukha ka, ca, Ta, ta, pa, ina pAMca vargoM meM se koI vyaMjana A jAe to usa makAra kA anusvAra bana jAtA hai athavA usI varga kA anunAsika (pAMcavAM vyaMjana) banatA hai jaise pItaM kusumam, athavA raktaM jalam pItam+kusumam raktam+ jalam cakram+Dhauki cakraM Dhaukati pustakam+darzaya = pustakaM darzaya = dugdham+ pItam = dugdhaM pItam . bahuvacana maghavAnaH (he) maghonaH maghavabhiH maghavabhyaH " 73 maghonAm pItaGkusumam raktaJjalam cauka pustakandarzaya dugdhapItam

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niyama 2-zabda ke andara ke anusvAra athavA makAra ke sammukha pUrvokta pAMca varga ke vyaMjana Ane se, usa anusvAra athavA makAra kA, usI varga kA anunAsika banatA hai jaise alaMkAra = alaGkAraH [z2evara] paMcAMgam = paJcAGgam [jantrI] maMdiram = mandiram [ghara] paMDitaH = paNDitaH [vidvAn] paMpA = pampA [eka sarovara] parantu Ajakala yaha niyama kucha zithila ho gayA hai| chapAI tathA likhane ke subhIte ke lie donoM prakAra ke rUpa chApe tathA likhe jAte haiN| pAThakoM ko yahI samajhanA cAhie ki ye niyama vizeSatayA uccAraNa ke lie hote haiN| anusvAra likhA jAe athavA parasavarNa anunAsika likhA jAe, donoM kA uccAraNa eka hI prakAra kA honA caahie| jaise gaMgA ina donoM kA uccAraNa 'gaGgA' hI karanA caahie| gaGgA hindI meM bhI yaha niyama bahutAMza meM calatA hai, jaise 'kaMghI, ghaMTA, dhaMdhA, aMdara, jaMga, gaMja, guMphA' ityAdi zabda 'kaGghI, ghaNTA, dhandhA, andara, jaGga, gaJja, gumphA' aise hI bole jAte haiN| koI g2alatI se 'ghamTA, dhamdhA uccAraNa karegA to usa para loga haMsane lgeNge| yahI bAta saMskRta zabdoM kI bhI samajhanI caahie| sAtaveM pATha ke niyama 2 ke viSaya meM bhI yahI samajhanA cAhie ki anusvAra athavA 'm' ke Age alaga svara bhI likhA jAe to donoM ko milAkara hI uccAraNa karanA caahie| jaise gRham Agaccha = (isakA uccAraNa) / gRhamAgaccha tam Anaya = , tamAnaya vRkSam Alokya = , vRkSamAlokya dRSTam asti = dRSTamasti sugamatA ke lie kisI bhI prakAra likhA jAe parantu uccAraNa eka jaisA honA caahie| yadi kisI kAraNa vaktA unako alaga-alaga bolanA cAhe to bola sakatA hai| isa pustaka meM pAThakoM ke subhIte ke lie makAra, anusvAra tathA svara aneka sthAnoM para alaga hI chApe haiN| aba kucha zabda nIce diye jA rahe haiN| 47

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zabda- pulliMga spRzan=sparza karatA huaa| vyapadezaH = kuTumba, nAma, jaati| abhAvaH=na honaa| naathH=svaamii| gajaH=hAthI / yUyaH =smudaay| abhyupAyaH = upAya / parvataH = phaadd'| dUtaH - dUta, naukara / patiH= svAmI / jantuH = prANI / zazakaH = kharagoza | caMdraH = cAMda / zazAGka = cAMda / pratIkAraH = pratibaMdha, upAya / vAcakaH = bolanevAlA / 1 strIliMga pipaasaa=pyaas| tRSA=pyAsa / vRSTiH=varSA / AhatiH=AghAta / vRSTyAH=varSA ke / napuMsakaliMga kusumam = phUla | jIvanam = z2indagI / nimajjanam = snAna, ddubkii| kulam = kuTumba / candrabimbam = caMdra kI chAyA / ajJAnam = jJAna rahitatA / hadaH = tAlAba / tIram - kinArA / zastram =hathiyAra / saraH = tAlAba / vizeSaNa 1 pIta = pIlA | kSudra = choTA / tRSArtta= pyAsA / kartavya = karane yogya / samAyAta-AyA huA / preSita = bhejA huA / kampamAna = kAMpatA huA / Akula vyAkula / avadhya = vadha na karane yogya / Alokita = dekhA huA / rakta= lAla / saJjAta = ho gyaa| nirmala = sAfa | Agantavya =Ane yogya, AnA / calita = calA huA / niHsArita haTAyA huA / cUrNita = cUraNa kiyA huA / anuSThita kiyA huA / udyata = taiyAra, UMcA kiyA huA / yukta = yogya | itara zabda kadAcit = kisI samaya / kva = kahAM / vArAntaram = dUsare dina / antikam = pAsa / anyathA = dUsare prakAra | ajJAnataH = ajJAna se / nAtidUram = pAsa / pratyaham = hara dina / kutaH = kahAM se / bhavadantikam - Apake pAsa / yathArtham = satya | jJAnataH = jJAna se / kriyA darzitavAn = dikhAyA / ucyatAm = kahie, kaho / yAmaH = ( = (hama) jAte haiN| kurmaH = karate haiM / pratijJAya = pratijJA karake / Aruhya = car3hakara / samvAdayAmi = ( maiM ) bulAtA huuN| 48 praNamya = praNAma karake / gaccha =jA / kSamyatAm = kSamA kIjie / vidhAsyate = karegA /

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vinazyati = nAza hotA hai / viSIdata duHkha karo / vAkya saMskRta (1) nRpati' bhUmiM rakSati / vRkSe khagAH kUjanti / ( 2 ) ( 3 ) parvatasya zikhare mRgAzcaranti / 2 (4) udyAne bAlAzcaranti / (5) mArge rathAzcarinta' / (6) tato narapatiratidUraMgatvA vanaM darzitavAn / (7) anantaraM rAmasvarUpo'ncitayat' / (8) zRNuta, mayA dyaiSa' lekho' lekhanIyaH / ( 9 ) tathA'nuSThite'zva" pati muvAca / ( 10 ) zRNu, ete grAmarakSAkAstvayA 4 hatAH / etattavA "yA naiva " sAdhu kRtam / (6) vyapadeze api siddhiH syAt (1) kadAcit varSAsu api vRSTeH abhAvAt tRSArto gajayUtho yUtharpAtam Aha"nAtha, ko'bhyupAyo'smAkaM jIvanAya / haiM hindI (1) rAjA bhUmi kI rakSA karatA hai 1 (2) vRkSa ke Upara pakSI zabda karate 1 (3) parvata ke zikhara para hariNa ghUmate haiN| (4) bAg2a meM lar3ake ghUmate haiM / (5) mArga meM ratha ghUmate haiM / ( 6 ) pazcAt rAjA ne bahuta dUra jAkara vana dikhAyA / (7) bAda meM rAmasvarUpa socane lagA / (8) sunie, maiMne Aja yaha lekha likhanA hai / (9) vaisA karane para azvapati nala ko bolA / (10) suno, ye grAma ke rakSaka tumane mAre haiN| yaha tumane nahIM acchA kiyaa| ( 6 ) nAma meM bhI siddhi hogI (1) kisI samaya barasAta meM bhI vRSTi na hone ke kAraNa pyAsa se duHkhita hAthiyoM ke samUha ne samudAya ke rAjA se rathAH + caranti / 5. lekhaH + lekhaH / 10 narapatiH+ati / tathA + anuSThite / 1. nRpatiH + bhuumi| 2. mRgAH+caranti / 3. bAlAH+caranti / 4. 6. svarUpaH+aciMtayat / 7. mayA+adya / 8 adya + eSa / 9 11. anuSThite+azva. / 12. patiH+nalaM / 13. nlN+uvaac| 14. rakSakAH+tvayA / 15. etat + tvayA / 16. na+eva / 1. kaH+abhi+upAyaH+asmAkam / 49

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kahA-"he svAmin ! kauna-sA upAya hai hamAre jIne ke lie| (2) asti atra kSudrajantUnAM nimajjana- (2) yahAM choTe prANiyoM ke lie snAna sthAnam / vayaM tu nimajjanA'bhAvAd andhA kA sthAna hai| hama to snAna na hone se iva snyjaataaH| andhe ke samAna ho gae haiN| (3) kva yAmaH ? kiM kurmaH ?" tato ___ (3) kahAM jAeM, kyA kareM ?" pazcAt hastirAjo nAtidUraM gatvA nirmalaM hRdaM hAthiyoM ke rAjA ne samIpa hI jAkara eka drshitvaan| svaccha tAlAba dikhlaayaa| (4) tato dineSu gacchatsu tattIrAvasthitAH (4) taba dina vyatIta hone para usa kSudrazazakAH gajapAdAhati'bhiH cuurnnitaaH| kinAre para rahanevAle choTe qharagoza hAthiyoM ke pAMvoM ke AghAta se cUrNa hue| (5) anantaraM zilImukho nAma zazakaH ___(5) bAda meM zilImukha nAmaka eka cintayAmAsa-anena gajayUthena kharagoza socane lagA-isa pyAsa se trasta pipAsA kulena pratyaham atra Agantavyam ___ hAthiyoM ke samUha ne hara dina yahAM AnA (6) ato vinazyati asmtkulm| (6) isalie nAza hotA hai hamArA tato vijayo nAma vRddhshshko'vdt| parivAra / taba vijaya nAmaka bUr3hA qharagoza bolaa| __(7) "mA vissiidt| mayA atra pratIkAraH (7) "duHkha na kIjie, maiMne yahAM krtvyH|" tato'sau pratijJAya clitH| pratibandha karanA hai" pazcAt vaha pratijJA karake claa| (8) gacchatA ca tena Aloci tam-kathaM (8) jAte hue usane socA-kisa mayA gajayUthasya samIpe sthitvA vktvym| prakAra maiMne hAthiyoM ke samUha ke pAsa yataH gajaH spRzan api hanti / ato aham rahakara bolanA hai, kyoMki hAthI sparza parvata zikharam Aruhya yUthanAthaM sNvaadyaami| karane se hI mAratA hai| isa kAraNa maiM pahAr3a kI coTI para car3hakara hAthiyoM ke samudAya ke svAmI ke sAtha bAtacIta karatA huuN| (9) tathA anuSThite yUthanAthaH (9) vaisA karane para samUha kA svAmI uvAca-"kaH tvam / kutaH samAyAtaH ?" bolA-"tU kauna hai| kahAM se AyA sa brUte-"zazako'ham / bhagavatA candreNa hai ?" vaha bolatA hai- "maiM qharagoza (huuN)| 12. nimjjn+abhaav| 3. tt+tiir+avsthitaaH| 4. paad+aahrtiH| 5. pipAsA Akula 6. prati+aham / J7. ttH+asau| 8. shshk+ahN|

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bhavadantikaM pressitH|" bhagavAna candra ne Apake pAsa bhejA hai|" __(10) yUthapatiH Aha-"kArya (10) samudAya ke rAjA ne kahA-"kAma / ucyatAm" vijayo brUte-"udyateSu api khie|" vijaya bolatA hai-"zastra khar3e zastreSu dUto'nyathA na vdti| sadA eva hone para bhI dUta asatya nahIM bolatA, avadhyabhAvena yathArthasya eva vaackH| hamezA hI avadhya hone ke kAraNa satya kA hI bolanevAlA (hotA hai)| (11) tad ahaM tavAjJayA brviimi| zRNu, (11) to maiM terI AjJA se bolatA huuN| yad ete candrasaro-rakSakAH zazakAH tvayA suna, jo ye candra ke tAlAba ke rakSaka niHsAritAH tat na yuktaM kRtm| kharagoza tUne haTAe (mAre) vaha nahIM ThIka kiyaa| (12) yataH te ciram asmAkaM rkssitaaH| (12) kyoMki ve bahuta samaya se hamAre ata eva me zazAMkaH iti prasiddhiH / evaM rakhe hue (rakSita) haiM isalie merI 'zazAMka' uktavati dUte yUthapatiH mayAd idam aah|| aisI prasiddhi hai|" isa prakAra dUta ke bolane para hAthiyoM kA pati bhaya se yaha bolaa| (13) "idam ajJAnataH kRtam / punaH (13) "yaha anajAne meM kiyA, phira na gmissyaami|" nahIM jaauuNgaa|" __"yadi evaM tad atra sarasi kopAt "agara aisA hai to yahAM tAlAba meM kampamAnaM bhagavantaM zazAMkaH praNamya prasAdya / gusse se kAMpanevAle bhagavAna candramA ko gcch|" praNAma karake, tathA prasanna karake jaa|" - (14) tato rAtrau yUthapatiM nItvA jale __(14) pazcAt rAtri meM hAthI-samUha ke caJcalaM candrabimbaM darzayitvA yUthapatiH rAjA ko lekara jala meM hilanevAlI candra praNAmaM kaaritH| kI chAyA batalAkara samUhapati se namaskAra krvaayaa| __(15) uktaM ca tena-"deva,ajJAnAd (15) aura vaha bolA-"he deva ! anena aparAdhaH kRtH| tataH kssmytaam|| anajAne meM isane aparAdha kiyaa| isalie na evaM vArAntaraM vidhaasyte|" iti uktvA kSamA kiijie| isa prakAra dUsare dina nahIM prsthitH| karegA" aisA kahakara cala pdd'aa| (hithopadezAt) (hitopadeza) 9. sara:+rakSakAH /

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52 samAsa-vivaraNa 1. tRSArtaH - tRSayA ArtaH tRSArtaH / pipAsAkulaH / 2. yUthapatiH-yUthasya patiH yuuthptiH| yuuthnaayH| 3. nimajjanasthAnam - nimajjanAya sthAnaM nimajjanapasthAnam / 4. tattIrAvasthitAH - tasya tIraM tattIraM / tattIre avasthitAH tattIrAvasthitAH / 5. asmatkulam - asmAkaM kulam asmatkulam / 6. candrasarorakSakAH - candrasya saraH candrasaraH / candrasarasaH rakSakAH tasya candrasarorakSakAH / 7. ajJAnam - na jJAnam ajJAnam / 8. vArAntaram - anyaH vAraH vArAntaramH 9. grAmAntaram - anyaH grAmaH grAmAntaram / 10. dezAntaram - - anyaH dezaH dezAntaram / pATha 10 innantaH pulliMga ' karin' zabda dvivacana kariNau (he) (he) "" ekavacana 1. karI sambodhana (he) karin 2. kariNam 3. kariNA 4. kariNe " a karibhyAm "1 5. kariNaH "" "" 6. kariNoH 77' kariNAm kariSu 7. kariNi "" isI prakAra hastin (hAthI), daNDin (daNDI), zRGgin ( sIMgavAlA), cakrin (cakravAlA), sragvin ( mAlAdhArI) ityAdi zabda calate haiM / pAThaka ina zabdoM ko banA kara abhyAsa kreN| bahuvacana kariNaH 17 "" karibhiH karibhyaH

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vasvanta pulliMga 'vidvas' zabda dvivacana vidvAMsau ekavacana 1. vidvAn sambodhana (he ) vidvan 2. vidvAMsam 3. viduSA 4. viduSe 5. viduSaH (he) "" vidvAMsau vidvadbhyAm 11 11 viduSoH bahuvacana vidvAMsaH (he),, viduSaH vidvadbhiH vidvadbhyaH "" viduSAm vidvatsu 6. "" 7. viduSi 17 isI zabda ke samAna 'tasthivas (khar3A), sedivas (baiThA huA), zuzruvas ( sunatA huA), dAzvas (dAtA), mIDhvas (siMcaka), jaganvas ( saMcAraka) ityAdi vasvanta zabda calate haiN| jinake anta meM pratyaya hotA hai unako vasvanta zabda kahate haiM 1 saMskRta meM eka zabda ke samAna hI kaI zabdoM ke rUpa huA karate haiM / jaba pAThaka eka zabda ko yAda kareMge taba unameM usake samAna zabda ke rUpa banAne kI zakti A jaaegii| isI prakAra kaI eka pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpa banAne meM pAThaka isa samaya taka kuzala ho gae hoNge| akArAnta, ikArAnta, ukArAnta, RkArAnta, annanta, innanta; vasvanta, nAnta itane pulliMga zabda pAThakoM ko yAda ho cuke haiM aura inake samAna zabdoM ke rUpa banA bhI sakate haiN| aba pulliMga zabdoM meM mukhya-mukhya do-cAra zabda dene haiN| tatpazcAt kucha sarvanAma ke rUpa batAkara napuMsakalliMga zabdoM ke rUpa dikhalAne haiN| pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve derI kI paravAha na karate hue hara eka pATha ko pakkA banAkara Age bddh'eN| isa pustaka meM par3hAI kA jo krama diyA gayA hai, vaha bahuta hI sugama hai jo pAThaka pratyeka pATha dasa bAra par3heMge unako saba bAteM yAda ho jAeMgI, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM / kucha vyAkaraNa ke aba niyama dete haiM visarga niyama 1- ka, kha, pa, pha, ke pUrva jo visarga AtA hai vaha jaise - kA taisA hI rahatA hai / jaise- duSTaH puruSaH / kRSNaH kaMsaH / gataH khagaH / madhuraH phalAgamaH / niyama 2 - padAnta ke visarga kA ca, cha ke pUrva z bana jAtA hai / jaisepUrNaH+candraH- pUrNazcandraH hareH + chatram - harezchatram 53

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rAmaH tatra-rAmastatra kaveH+TIkA-kaveSTIkA niyama 3-padAnta ke visarga ke sammukha za, Sa, sa Ane se visarga kA za, Sa, sa bana jAtA hai, parantu kabhI-kabhI visarga hI banA rahatA hai| jaise dhanaJjayaH+sarvaH dhanaJjayassarvaH (athavA) dhanaJjayaH sarvaH devAH+SaT-devASpaT devAH SaT zvetaH+zaMkha: zvetazzaMkhaH , zvetaH zaMkhaH ye niyama acchI prakAra yAda karane ke pazcAt nimnalikhita zabdoM ko yAda kIjie zabda-kriyApada nizcikyuH-nizcaya kiyA (unhoMne) truTyanti-TUTate haiM (ve)| UcuH-kahA (unhoNne)| kuryaat-kreN| carvAmaH-carvaNa kareM (hm)| azuSyan-dubale ho gae yA (ve) sUkha ge| saGgrahImaH-saMgraha karate haiM (hm)| racayAmAsa-racA (usne)| kliznImaH-duHkhita hote haiM (hm)| shrmitvaa-thkkr| unmiilit-khulaa| vidadhmaH-(hama) karate haiN| zrAmyAmaH-(hama) thakate haiN| akRtvA-na krke| amantrayata-vicAra kiyA (usne)| sampradhArya-rakhakara (usne)| zabda-pulliMga daNDin-saMnyAsI, dnndddhaarii| zRGgina-sIMga jisake haiN| ckrin-ckrdhaarii| srgvin-maalaadhaarii| avayava-zarIra kA hissaa| amAtyaH-dIvAna saahb| tskrH-cor| grAsaH-kaura, ttukdd'aa| dantaH-dAMta / bhNgH-ttuuttnaa| atikramaH-ullaMghana / sNkocH-ljjaa| vyyH-kh'rc| krin-haathii| hstin-haathii| bliH-dev-bheNtt| bhAgadheyaH-rAjA kA kr| aayaasH-prishrm| Atman-apanA, aatmaa| kRmiH-kiidd'aa| updrvH-ksstt| anurodhH-aagrh| aavaasH-nivaassthaan| prmaathH-anyaay| strIliMga mryaadaa-hd| rAjadhAnI-rAjA kA ngr| aNguliH-aNgulii| ngrii-shhr| napuMsakaliMga udrm-pett| sukhm-sukh| dhnm-dhn| lunntthnm-luutt| bhrnnm-bhrnaa| 1547 duHkhm-tkliiph'|

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anya adyayAvat-Aja tk| adyaprabhRti-Aja se| sazapatham-zapathapUrvaka / vyayopayogArtham-qharca ke lie| vAkya saMskRta hindI (1) vAnarA vRkSe' tisstthnti| (2) sarpo vanamagacchat / (3) mama zarIraM jvareNa kRzaM jaatm| (1) bandara vRkSa para Thaharate haiN| (2) sAMpa bana ko gyaa| (3) merA zarIra jvara se kamaz2ora huA (4) kumArasya ekaH zuciH karo'sti ___(4) lar3ake kA eka hAtha zuddha hai tathA tathA anyo n| dUsarA nhiiN| (5) mayA saha tau kumArau nagaraM (5) mere sAtha ve donoM kumAra zahara gcchtH| jAte haiN| (6) ahaM tatra yAmi yatra paNDitA ___(6) maiM vahAM jAtA hUM jahAM paMDita loga vasanti / (7) yasya buddhirbalapi tsyaiv| (7) jisakI buddhi (hotI hai) zakti bhI usI kI hai| (8) khagA' vRkSA duddddiiynte| (8) pakSI vRkSa se ur3ate haiN| (9) tasya hastAnmAlA' ptitaa| (9) usake hAtha se mAlA girii| (10) tatra naiva gmissyaami| (10) vahAM nahIM jaauuNgaa| rahate haiN| (7) udarAvagyavAnAM kathA (7) peTa tathA aMgoM kI kathA (1) ekadA hastapAdAdyavayavA aciMtayan yad vayaM' zrAmyAmaH sNgRhimshc| (1) eka samaya hAtha-pAMva Adi avayava socane lage ki hama thakate haiM aura 1. vaanraa+vRksse| 2. vanam agacchat / 3. krH+asti| 4. anyH+n| 5. paNDitAH+vasanti 6. buddhiH+blm| 7. khgaaH+vRkssaat| 8. vRkssaat+uddddiiynte| 9. hstaat+maalaa| 1. yat vyN| 2. gRhiimH+c|

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(2) idam, udaram AyAsAn akRtvA sukhaM khAdati / (3) yad adyayAvajjAtaM tad astu nAma / adyaprabhRti idaM zramitvA AtmAno' bharaNaM kuryAt / na asmAkaM anena prayojanam / (4) evaM sazapathaM sarve nizcikyuH / hastau UcatuH - yadi asya udarasya arthe aMgulim api cAlayeva truTyantu noM akhilAGagulayaH / ( 5 ) mukham uvAca - ahaM zapathaM karomi, yadi asya artham ekam api grAsaM gRhAmi kRmayaH Akramantu mAm / (6) dantA UcuH ' - yadi asya kRte grAsaM carvAmaH ' bhaMgaH upaitu asmAn / (7) evaM zapatheSu kRteSu yo nizcayaH kRtastasya pAlana AvazyakaM babhUva / (8) evaM jAte sarve avayavA azuSyan / asthi carma - mAtraM avaziSyat / ( 9 ) tadA " na sAdhu kRtaM asmAbhiH " iti sarveSAM cakSuSI unmIlite - "udareNa vinA vayaM agatikAH / " 1 ( 10 ) tat svayaM na zrAmyati / paraM yAvada vayaM tasya poSaM vidadhmaH tAvad asmAkaM poSaNaM bhavati iti sarve samyag jajJire / (bhojana Adi) ikaTThA karate haiM / ( 2 ) parantu yaha peTa zrama na karake ArAma se khAtA hai I (3) jo Aja taka huA so huA / Aja se yaha zrama karake apanA bharaNa (poSaNa) kre| hamArA isase (koI) vAstA nahIM / (4) isa prakAra zapathapUrvaka sabane nizcaya kiyaa| hAtha bolane lage- agara isa peTa ke lie aMgulI bhI calAeM to TUTa jAeM hamArI saba aMguliyAM / (5) mukha bolA- maiM zapatha karatA hUM, agara isake lie eka bhI kaura lUM, to kIr3e A par3eM mujha para / (6) dAMta bole- agara isake lie eka Tukar3A bhI cabAeM to TUTa A jAe hama para / (7) isa prakAra zapatheM kara cukane para jo nizcaya kiyA gayA, usakA pAlana Avazyaka ho gayA / (8) isa prakAra hone para saba avayava sUkha gaye / haDDI- camar3I-bhara zeSa raha gaI / ( 9 ) taba, "ThIka nahIM kiyA hamane, " so sabakI A~kheM khula gaIM- "peTa ke binA hamArI gati nahIM hai / " ( 10 ) vaha (peTa) svayaM to nahIM zrama karatA, parantu jaba taka hama usakA poSaNa karate haiM, taba taka (hI) hamArA poSaNa hotA hai, aisA sabane ThIka prakAra jAna liyA / 13. yAvat + jAtam / 4. AtmanaH + bharaNaM / 5. naH+akhila + aMgulayaH / 6 dantAH + UcuH 7. carvAmaH+bhaMga / 56 8. kRtaH+tasya /

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__() tAtparyam-kasmiMzcit kAle (11) tAtparya-kisI samaya eka ekasyAM rAjadhAnyAM cirayuddha prasaMgAt rAjJaH rAjadhAnI meM hamezA yuddha hone ke kAraNa kozAgAre dyumnasaMkoce samutpanne sa rAjA rAjA ke qhaz2Ane meM (paisA) kama hone para prajAbhyo baliM jgraah| usa (zahara ke) rAjA ne prajAoM se 'kara' liyaa| (12) tat prajA naabhimenire| tA __(12) vaha prajA (janoM) ne nahIM maanaa| upadravo'yam" iti gaNayitvA nagarAd ve 'kaSTa (hai)' yaha aisA mAnakara, zahara bahiH AvAsaM rcyaamaasuH| ke bAhara ghara banAne lge| (13) tatra vartamAnAbhiH tAbhiH saMhatiH (13) vahAM rahate hue unhoMne ekatA kRtaa| tA mitho amantrayana-vayaM kii| ve paraspara salAha karane lage-hama klishniimH| rAjA tu asmat kimiti kleza pAte haiM, rAjA hamase kisalie vyartha mudhA gRhNAti ? (kara) letA hai| (14) ataH paraM na vayaM rAjJe kiMJcidapi (14) isake bAda hama rAjA ko kucha dAsyAmaH / iti sarvA nishcikyuH| bhI nahIM deNge| sabane aisA nizcaya kiyaa| (15) tAsAM evaM nirNayaM sampradhArya (15) unakA yaha nirNaya dekhakara, rAjA rAjA'tmano'mAtyaM tAn prati pressyaamaas| ne apanA mantrI unake pAsa bhejaa| (16) so'maatyH| prajAbhyaH (16) usa mantrI ne prajAoM ko 'peTa 'udarAvayavAnAM kathAM' nivedya tAsAm tathA aMgoM kI kathA' sunAkara unakI AnukUlyaM praap| rAjA prajAzca sukham anukUlatA prApta kara lii| rAjA tathA anvbhvn| prajA sukha kA anubhava karane lge| __(17) yadi vayaM rAjJa bhAgadheyaM na dadyAma (17) agara hama rAjA ko kara na tasya vyayopayogAya dhanaM na shissyte| evaM deMge, usake qharca ke lie dhana nahIM bcegaa| samApatitetaskarA baddhaparikarA divA'pi aisA A par3ane para cora kamara kasakara dina luNThanaM vidhaasynti| meM bhI lUTa-pATa kiyA kreNge| __ (18) eko'nyaM 5 na anurotsyte| (18) eka-dUsare ko nahIM mnaaegaa| maryAdAtikramaH pramAthAzca udbhvissynti| maryAdA kA ullaMghana tathA anyAya hoNge| rAjAprajAzca samam eva na shissynti| rAjA evaM prajA, eka samAna, na baca rhegii| 9. upadravaH+ayam / 10. raajaa+aatmnH| 11. s:+amaatyH| 12. prjaa:+c| 13. taskarA: laddhaparikarA:+ divaa+api| 14. divaa+api| 15. ekH+any| 16. prmaathaaH+c| 57

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58 samAsa - vivaraNa 1. hastApAdAdyavayavAH - hastazca pAdazca hastapAdau / hastapAdau Adi yeSAM te hastapAdAdayaH / hastapAdAdayazcate avayavAH hastapAdAdyavayavAH / 2. AnukUlyam - anukUlasya bhAvaH = AnukUlyam / 3. baddhaparikarAH-baddhAH parikarA yaiH te baddhaparikarAH / 4. maryAdAtikramaH - maryAdAyA atikramaH = maryAdAtikramaH / 5. sazapatham - zapathena saha, sazapatham / pATha 11 takArAnta pulliMga 'dhImat' zabda ekavacana 1. dhImAn sambodhana ( hai ) dhImana 2. dhImatanm 3. dhImatA 4. dhImate 5. dhImataH 6. 11 7. dhImati dvivacana dhImantau "" ekavacana 1. mahAn sambodhana (he ) mahat 2. mahAntam "" dhImadbhyAm dd "" dhImatoH dvivacana mahAntau bahuvacana dhImantaH 17 (he) ?? 'dhImat' zabda 'mat' pratyaya se banA hai / 'mat' pratyayavAle tathA 'vat' 'yat' pratyayavAle zabda isI prakAra banate haiM / "1 17 dhImataH mat pratyayavAle zabda - zrImat, buddhimat, AyuSmat, ityAdi / vat pratyayavAle zabda - bhagavat, maghavat, bhavat, yAvat, tAvat, etAvat, ityAdi / yat pratyayavAle zabda - kiyat, iyat, ityAdi / takArAnta pulliMga 'mahat' zabda dhImadbhiH dhImadbhyaH 22 dhImatAm dhImatsu bahuvacana mahAntaH (ha),, mahataH

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mahatAm 3. mahatA mahadbhyAm mahadbhiH 4. mahate mahadbhya 5. mahataH 6. mahataH mahatoH 7. mahati mahatsu pUrvokta 'dhImat' aura 'mahat' zabda meM bheda yaha hai ki, 'dhImat' zabda ke (prathamA kA ekavacana chor3akara) prathamA, sambodhana aura dvitIyA ke rUpoM meM ma kA mA nahIM hotA, parantu 'mahat' zabda ke rUpoM meM ha kA hA hotA hai| udAharaNArtha1. dhImAn dhImantau dhImantaH-prathamA 2. mahAn mahAntau mahAntaH-prathamA isI prakAra anya zabda pAThakoM ko jAnane caahie| sandhi niyama 1-'saH' zabda ke anta kA visarga, 'a' ke sivA koI anya varNa sammukha Ane para, lupta ho jAtA hai saH+AgataH-sa aagtH| saH+gacchati-sa gcchti| saH+zreSTha-sa shresstthH| 'saH' ke sAmane 'a' Ane se donoM kA 'so'' banatA hai| jaisesH+agccht-so'gccht| sH+avdt-so'vdt| sH+asti-so'sti| niyama 2-jisake pahale akAra ho, aise padAnta ke visarga ke pazcAt mRdu vyaJjana Ane se, usa akAra aura visarga kA 'o' bana jAtA hai| jaise manuSyaH+gacchati manuSyo gacchati / azvaH+mRtaH azvo mRtaH / putraH+labdhaH putro lbdhH| arthaH+gataH artho gtH| niyama 3-jisake pUrva AkAra hai aise padAnta kA visarga usake sammukha svara athavA mRdu vyaJjana Ane se lupta ho jAtA hai, jaise manuSyAH+avadan manuSyA avdn| asurAH+gatAH asurA gatAH / devAH+AgatAH=devA aagtaaH| vRkSAH+naSTAH vRkSA nssttaaH| niyama 4-a, A ko chor3akara anya svaroM ke bAda AnevAle visarga kA agara usake sammukha svara athavA mRdu vyaJjana AyA ho, 'ra' banatA hai| jaise- hriH+asti-hrirsti| bhAnuH+udeti bhaanurudeti| kveH+aalekhym=kveraalekhym| RssiputraiH+aalocitm-Rssiputrairaalocitm| devaiH+dttm-devairdttm| hreH+mukhm-hremukhm| hastaiH ycchti-hstairycchti| 59

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visarga ke pUrva 'a' athavA 'A' Ane para niyama 1 tathA 2 ke anusAra sandhi hogii| niyama 5-'ra' ke sAmane '' Ane se prathama 'ra' kA lopa ho jAtA hai, aura lupta rakAra kA pUrva svara dIrgha ho jAtA hai| jaise____RSibhiH+racitam =RSibhI rcitm| bhAnuH+rAdhate=bhAnU raadhte| zastraiH+rakSitam-zastrai rkssitm| hareH+rakSakaH hare rksskH| pAThaka ina sandhi-niyamoM ko bArambAra par3hakara ThIka-ThIka yAda kreN| prAcIna pustakeM par3hane ke lie saMdhi-niyamoM ke jJAna ke binA kAma nahIM cala sakatA tathA pragalbha saMskRta bolane ke lie sthAna-sthAna para saMdhi karane kI AvazyakatA hotI __ zabda-pulliMga caran-ghUmatA huaa| kuzaH-darbhaH, ghaas| lobhH-laalc| arthaH-dravya, paisaa| etaavaan-itnaa| vizvAsabhUmiH-vizvAsa kA sthAna, pAtra / dArAH-strI (yaha zabda sadA bahuvacana meM calatA hai)| pAnthaH-pravAsI, pathika / sndeh-sNshy| Atma-sandehaH-apane (viSaya) meM saMzaya / lokApavAdaH-lokoM meM nindA / bhvaan-aap| virahaH-rahita honaa| gatAnugatikaH-aMdha-paramparA se calane vaalaa| vdhH-hnn| vNshH-kul| mUrdhni-zira meN| ytnH-prytn| mahApaGkaH-bar3A kiicdd'| strIliMga pravRttiH-prayatna, purussaarth| yauvana dazA-javAnI (kI avsthaa)| napuMsakaliMga bhaagy-sudaiv| kNknn-cuudd'ii| shiil-svbhaav| srH-taalaab| tiir-kinaaraa| arjn-kmaanaa| llaatt-sir| vcH-bhaassnn| vizeSaNa samIhita-yukta, iSTa / aniSTa-jo iSTa nhiiN| bhadra-kalyANa / vNshhiin-kulhiin| adhIta-adhyayana kiyaa| Alocita-dekhA huaa| vidheya-karane yogy| maaraatmk-hiNsaa-prvRttivaalaa| galita-galA huaa| hastastha-hAtha meM rakkhA huaa| prtiit-vishvst| dhRta-dharA huaa| aadisstt-aajnyaapit| nimagna-DUbA huaa| durgata-burI avasthA meM pha~sA huaa| akSama-asamartha / duvRtt-duraacaarii| durnivAra-dUra

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karane ke lie ktthin| sayatna-prayatnazIla / anya avicArita-vicArA na gyaa| tubhym-tumko| ahaha-are ! re !!! / praak-phle| prkaashm-baahr| kriyA prsaary-phailaakr| upagamya-pAsa jaakr| gRhytaam-liijie| saMbhavati-saMbhava hai (hotA hai)| nirUpayAmi-dekhatA huuN| apazyam-dekhA (maiNne)| palAyitum-daur3ane ke lie| projjhituM-miTAne ke lie| Asam-(maiM) thaa| caratu-kare, cale (vh)| utthApayAmi-uThAtA hUM (maiN)| (8) vipra-vyAghrayoH kathA (8) brAhmaNa aura zera kI kathA (1) ahamekadA' dakSiNAraNye caran (1) maiMne eka samaya dakSiNa araNya meM apazyam-eko vRddho vyAghraH snAtaH ghUmate hue dekhA-eka bUr3hA zera snAna kuzahastaH sarastIre bruute| karake darbha hAtha meM dharakara tAlAba ke tIra (2) bho bho pAnthAH ! idaM suvarNa para kaha rahA hai| kaGkaNaM gRhytaam| tato lobhAkRSTena (2) he pathiko ! yaha sone kI cUr3I kenacit pAnthenAlocitam / le lo| isake bAda lobha se khiMce hue kisI pathika ne socA(3) bhAgyenaitat smbhvti| kintu (3) sudaiva se yaha saMbhava hotA hai| asmin Atmasandehe pravRttirna vidheyaa| __ parantu isa AtmA ke saMzaya (vAle kAya) meM prayatna nahIM karanA caahie| (4) yato' jAte'pi samIhitalAbhe (4) kyoMki acchA lAbha hone para bhI aniSTAcchubhA gatirna jaayte| aniSTa se acchA pariNAma nahIM hotA (5) kintu sarvatra arthArjane pravRttiH sadeha eva / uktaM ca saMzayam anAruhya naro bhadrANi na pshyti| ___(5) parantu saba jagaha paisA kamAne meM prayatna saMzayavAlA hI (hotA) hai| kahA bhI hai-saMzaya ke Upara car3he binA manuSya 1. ahN+ekdaa| 2. ekH+vRddh| 3. tataH+lobha / 4. pAnthena+Alo. / 5. bhaagyen+ett| 6. prvRttiH+n| 1. ytH+jaate| 8. anissttaat+shubhaa|

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( 6 ) tat nirUpayAmi tAvat / prakAzaM brUte "kutra tava kaGkaNam" vyAghro hastaM prasArya darzayati / (7) pAnyo'vadat kathamArAtmake tvayi vizvAsaH / vyAghra uvAca - " zRNu re pAntha / prAg eva yauvanadazAyAm atidurvRtta Asam / ( 8 ) aneka 'gomAnuSANAM vadhAnmRtA " putrAH dArAzca / vaMzahInazca 12 aham / meM ( 9 ) tat kenacid dhArmikeNAham 3 AdiSTaH- dAnadharmAdikaM caratu bhavAn / ( 10 ) tadupadezAdidAnIm " ahaM snAnazIlo dAtA vRddho galitanakhadanto kathaM na vizvAsabhUmiH / ( 11 ) mama ca etAvAn lobha viraho 5 yena svahastastham api suvarNakaGkaNaM yasmai kasmaicid dAtuM icchAmi / ( 12 ) tathApi vyAghro mAnuSaM khAdati iti lokApavAdo durnivAraH / yato lokaH gatAnugatikaH mayA ca dharmazAstrANi adhItAni / (13) tvaM ca atIva durgatastena" tubhyaM dAtuM sayatno'ham" / tadatra' sarasi snAtvA suvarNakaGkaNaM gRhaann| kalyANa ko nahIM dekhatA / (6) isalie dekhatA huuN| bAhara (khule AvAz2a meM) bolatA hai - "kahAM ( hai ) ? terI cUr3I ?" zera hAtha khola kara dikhAtA hai / (7) pathika bolA - kisa prakAra hiMsArUpa tere meM vizvAsa (ho) ? zera bolA- "suna re pathika ! pahale hI javAnI meM ( maiM ) bahuta durAcArI thA / (8) bahuta gauoM, manuSyoM ke vadha se mere putra mara gae aura striyAM; aura vaMzarahita maiM ( huaa)| ( 9 ) taba kisI dhArmika ne mujhe kahA- dAna dharmAdika kIjie Apa / ( 10 ) usake upadeza se aba maiM snAnazIla, dAtA, buDDhA, jisake nAqhUna aura dAMta gala gae haiM, kyoMkara vizvAsayogya nahIM hUM / ( 11 ) aura merA itanA lobha se chuTakArA hai ki apane hAtha meM par3A bhI sone kA kaMkaNa jisa-kisIko denA hUM ( 12 ) tathApi zera manuSya ko khAtA hai, logoM meM aisI niMdA hai, vaha dUra honI kaThina hai kyoMki loga aMdhavizvAsI haiM, aura maiMne dharmazAstra par3he haiN|" (13) aura tU bahuta burI hAlata meM hai isalie tujhe dene ke lie maiM prayatnavAn huuN| to isa tAlAba meM snAna karake sone kI cUr3I le lo / 62 9. pAnthAH + avadat / 10. vyAghraH +uvAca / 11 vadhAt+mRtA / 12. hInaH + ca / 13. dhArmikeNa + ahaM / 14. dezAt+idAnIM / 15. virahaH +yena / 16. durgataH + tena / 17. sayatnaH+ahaM / 18. tad +atra /

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(14) tato yAvad asau tadvacaH pratIto (14) bAda, jaba usake bhASaNa para lobhAt saraH snAtuM pravizati, tAvat vizvAsa kara lobha se tAlAba meM snAna mahApaGke nimagnaH palAyitum akssmH| ke lie praviSTa huA, taba bar3e kIcar3a meM phaMsA, aura bhAgane ke lie asamartha rhaa| (15) pake patitaM dRSTvA vyaaghro'vdt| (15) kIcar3a meM phaMsA huA (use) ahaha ! mahApaGke pati to'si ataH tvAm dekhakara zera bolA-are re ! bar3e kIcar3a aham utthaapyaami| meM phaMsa gae ho, isalie tumako maiM uThAtA (16) iti uktvA zanaiH zanaiH upagamya, tena vyAgheNa dhRtaH sa pAnthaH acintyt| (17) tan mayA bhadraM na kRtaM yad atra mArAtmake vizvAsaH kRtH| svabhAvo hi sarvAn guNAn atItya mUrdhni vrtte| (18) anyacca-lalATe likhitaMprojjhitaM kaH samarthaH iti cintayan eva asau vyAgheNavyApAditaH khAditaH c| (16) yaha kahakara AhistA-AhistA pAsa jAkara, usa zera se pakar3A gayA vaha pathika socane lagA (17) so maiMne acchA nahIM kiyA jo isa hiMsA-rUpa meM vizvAsa kiyaa| svabhAva hI saba guNoM ko atikramaNa karake sira para hotA hai| (18) aura bhI hai-mAthe para likhA huA dUra karane ke lie kauna samartha hai ? aisA socatA huA hI use zera ne mAra DAlA aura khA liyaa| (19) isalie maiM kahatA hUM-saba prakAra se na socA huA kArya nahIM karanA caahie| (hitopadeza) (19) ataH ahaM bravImi sarvavA'vicAritaM karma na kartavyam iti| (hitopadezAt) samAsa-vivaraNa 1. kuzahastaH-kuzAH haste yasya saH kushhstH| 2. lobhAkRSTaH-lobhena AkRSTaH lobhaakRssttH| 3. AtmasandehaH-AtmanaH sandehaH aatmsndehH| 4. anekagomAnuSANAm-gAvazca mAnuSAzca gomAnuSAH; aneke gomAnuSA= ___ anekagomAnuSAH tessaam| 5. dAnadharmAdikam-dAnaM ca dharmazca daandhrmoN| dAnadharmoM Adi yasya tat daandhrmaadikm| 6. avicAritam-na vicAritam-avicAritam / 63

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pitarau pitRbhyaH pATha 12 RkArAnta pulliMga 'pitR' zabda ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. pitA pitaraH sambodhana (he) pitaH 2. pitaram pitRn 3. pitrA pitRbhyAm pitRbhiH 4. pitre 5. pituH 6. , pitroH pitRNAm 7. pitari pitRSu caturtha pATha meM 'dhAtR' zabda diyA gayA hai| usameM aura isa 'pitR' zabda meM prathamA, sambodhana aura dvitIyA ke rUpoM meM kucha bheda hai| dekhie dhAtR-dhAtA dhAtArau dhAtAraH pitR-pitA pitarau pitaraH jaise 'dhAtR' zabda ke rakAra ke pUrva 'A' hai, vaise-'pitR' zabda ke rakAra ke pUrva nahIM huaa| yaha vizeSa bhrAtR, jAmAtR, deva, zastR savyeSTra, nR-ina chaH zabdoM meM, bhI pAyA jAtA hai| innanta pulliMga 'pathin' zabda ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. panthAH panthAnau panthAnaH sambodhana (he), (he), 2. panthAnam pathaH pathA pathibhiH 4. pathe pathibhyaH 5. pathaH 6. pathaH pathoH pathAm 7. pathi pathiSu isI prakAra mathin, RbhukSina Adi zabda calate haiN| pathibhyAm 64

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ekavacana 1. sakhA sambodhana (he) sakhe 2. sakhAyam 3. sakhyA sakhye sakhyuH bho gai ikArAnta pulliMga 'sakhi' zabda dvivacana sakhAyau (he), asmin tasmin 4. 5. "" 6. sakhInAm 77 7. sakhyau sakhiSu 19 'sakhi ' ikArAnta hone para bhI 'hari' zabda ke samAna rUpa nahIM banAtA, yaha bAta dhyAna rakhanI caahie| isI prakAra 'pati' Adi zabda haiM jo vizeSa prakAra se calate haiM, jinakA vicAra hama Age kreNge| niyama 1 - visarga ke pUrva akAra ho tathA usake bAda 'a' ke alAvA dUsarA koI svara A jAe to visarga kA lopa ho jAtA hai / jaise rAmaH + iti devaH + icchati rAma iti deva icchati sUrya uda sUryaH + udayate = niyama 2 - zabdAnta ke 'e, ai, o au' ke sAmane koI svara Ane se unake sthAna meM kramazaH 'ay, AyU, av, Av' aise Adeza hote haiM + a naya a bhava tAn RSIn ravIn "7 sakhibhyAm + udyAne iti "" "" sakhyoH = = = + a = gAya niyama 3 - padAnta ke nakAra ke pUrva 'a, i, u, R, lR,' meM se koI eka svara ho aura usake pazcAt koI svara A jAe to, usa nakAra ko dvittva prApta hotA hai / jaise bahuvacana sakhAyaH (he) - "" sakhIn sakhibhiH sakhibhyaH = + Asan + atra Asannatra yaha nakAra dIrgha svara ke pazcAt Ae to dvittva nahIM hotaa| jaise + api + iccha + upAste asminnudyAne tasminniti tAnapi RSInicchati ravInupAste 65

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zabda-pulliga cturthH-cauthaa| pratigrahaH-dAna lenaa| prbhaavH-saamrthy| muurkhH-muuddh'| mahAnubhAvaH-mahAzaya / saMvibhAgin-hissedAra / pratyayaH-anubhava / snycy-ekiikrnn| pAra-paralA kinaaraa| strIliMga attvii-arnny| upaarjnaa-praapti| vsudhaa-bhuumi| aTavyAm-araNya meN| viphltaa-nissphltaa| baalaa-strii| dhrnniH-bhuumi| napuMsakaliMga dezAntaram-anya desh| adhisstthaanm-graam| asthin-hddddii| baaly-baalpn| kuttumbk-privaar| autsuky-utsuktaa| vizeSaNa hiin-nyuun| upaagt-praapt| abhihita-kahA huaa| parAGmukha-pIche muMha kie hue| krIDita-khele hue| laghu-cetas-kSudra buddhivaalaa| tryH-tiin| maMtrita-socA huaa| svopArjita-apanI kmaaii| niSiddha-manA kiyA huaa|jyesstth-bdd'aa|jyesstthtr-donoN meM bdd'aa| jyeSThatama-sabase bdd'aa| udAracarita-bar3e dilvaalaa| saMyojita-milAyA huaa| anya dhik-dhikkaar| kssnnN-kssnn-bhr| bhoH-are| kriyA - vasanti-rahate haiN| labhyate-prApta hotA hai| saMcArayati-saMcAra karAtA hai| prtiiksssv-tthhr| ArohAmi-car3hatA huuN| upadizya-upadeza krke| paritoSya-saMtuSTa krke|avtiiry-utrkr / kriyate-kiyA jAtA hai| yujyate-yogya hai| niSpAdyate-banAyA jAtA hai| utthaay-utthkr| vizeSaNoM kA upayoga buddhihInaH purussH| niSiddho grnthH| jyeSTho bhraataa| buddhihInA strii| niSiddhA kthaa| jyeSThA bhginii| 66/ buddhihInaM mitrm| niSiddhaM pustkm| jyeSThaM mitrm| vizaSaNA

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(9) buddhihInA vinazyanti (1) kasmiMzcidadhiSThAne catvAro brAhmaNaputrAH paraM mitrabhAvaM upagatAH vasanti sm| (2) teSu trayaH zAstrapAraGgatAH parantu buddhirahitAH ekastu buddhimAn kevalaM shaastrpraangmukhH| atha kadAcit taiH mitraiH mntritm| (3) ko guNo' vidhAyA yena dezAntaraM gatvA bhUpatIn paritoSya arthopArjanA na kriyte| tat pUrvadezaM gacchAmaH / tathA'nuSThite kiJcin mArga gatvA jyeSThataraH praah| aho asmAkaM ekazcaturtho mUr3haH' kevalaM buddhimaan| (4) na ca rAjapratigraho buddhayA labhyate, vidyAM binaa| tat na asmai / svopArjita dAsyAmaH / tad gacchatu gRhm| tato dvitIyena abhihitm| (5) aho na yujyate evaM kartum yato (6) vayaM bAlyAt-prabhRti ekatra kriidditaaH| tad aagcchtu| (7) mahAnubhAvo 'smadupArjitavittasya saMvibhAgI bhaviSyati iti| (8) uktaM ca-ayaM nijaH paro veti gaNanA laghucetasAm / udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam iti (9) tad Agacchatu eSo'pi" iti| tathA'nuSThite", mArgAzritairaTavyAm mRtasiMhasya asthIni dRssttaani| (10) tatazca ekena abhihitam-yad aho vidyApratyayaH kriyte| kiJcid etat satva mRtaM tisstthti| tad vidyAprabhAveNa jIvasahitaM kurmaH (11) aham asthisaJcayaM kromi| (1) (paraM mitrabhAvaM upagatA)-bar3e mitra bana ge| (2) (zAstraparAGmukhaH)-zAstra na par3hA huaa| (3) (bhUpatIn paritoSya arthopArjanA na kriyate) rAjAoM ko khuza kara dravya prApti nahIM kI jAtI hai| (4) (na ca rAjapratigraho buddhayA labhyate) na hI rAjA se dAna buddhi ke kAraNa milatA hai| (5) (na yujyate evaM kartum) nahIM yogya hai aisA krnaa| (6) (vayaM bAlyAt-prabhRti ekatra krIDitAH) hama bacapana se eka sthAna para khele haiN| (7) (vittasya saMvibhAgI) dravya kA hissedAra / (8) (ayaM nijaH paro vA iti gaNanA laghu cetasAm) yaha apanA yaha parAyA aisI ginatI choTe dilavAloM kI hai| (udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTambakam) udAra buddhivAloM kA pRthvI hI parivAra hai| (9) (tai mArgAzritaiH) unake mArga kA Azraya lene para-calane pr| (10) (vidyApratyayaH kriyate) vidyA kA anubhava liyA jAtA hai| (jIvasahitaMkurmaH) sajIva kreNge| (11) (asthisaMcayaM karomi) 1. ksmin+cit| 2. cit+aSi. / 3. ekH+tu| 4. kaH+guNaH+vidyA / 5. tathA anusstthite| 6. ekaH catu 7. cturthH+muuddhH| 8. ttH+dvitiiy| 9. mahAnubhAvaH+asmad / 10. vsudhaa+ev| 11. essH+api| .12 tthaa+anu.| 13-maarg+aashritaiH| 14 taiH+attvyaaN| 15 tataH+ca /

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tatazca ekena autsukyAd asthisaMcayaH kRtaH (12) dvitIyena carma-mAMsa-rudhiraM saMyojitam tRtIyo'pi" yAvad jIvaM saMcArayati, tAvad subuddhinA niSiddhaH / (13) 'bhoH ! tiSThatu bhvaan| eSa siMho nisspdyte| yadi enaM sajIvaM kariSyasi, tataH sarvAnapi sa vyaapaadyissyti|' (14) sa praah| 'dhiG mUrkha ! nAhaM vidyAyA viphalatAM kromi|' tatastena abhihitam-'tarhi pratIkSasva kssnnm| yAvad ahaM vRkSam aarohaami|' (15) tathAnuSThite, yAvat sajIvaH kRtaH, tAvat te trayo'pi siMhenotthAya vyaapaaditaaH| (16) sa punaH vRkSAd avatIrya gRhaM gataH / ato'haM bravImi 'buddhihInA vinazyanti' iti| (paJcatantrAt) sUcanA-isa pATha kA bhASA meM bhASAntara nahIM diyA hai| pAThaka par3hakara svayaM samajhane kA yatna kreN| jo kaThina vAkya haiM, unhIM kA bhASAntara diyA gayA hai| samAsa-vivaraNa 1. brAhmaNaputrAH-brAhmaNasya putrAH braahmnnputraaH| 2. zAstraparAGmukhaH-zAstrAt parAG mukhaH shaastrpraangmukhH| 3. arthopArjanA-arthasya upArjanA arthopaarjnaa|| 4. asmadupArjitaM-asmAbhiH upArjitam asmdupaarjitm| 5. laghucetasA-laghu cetaH yasya saH laghucetAH teSAM lghucetsaam| 6. mRtasiMhaH-mRtaH ca asau siMhaH ca mRtsiNhH| 7. subuddhiH-suSThuH buddhi yasya saH subuddhiH| maiM haDDiyAM ekatra karatA huuN| (12) (yAvajjIvaM saMcArayati) jaba jIva DAlane lgaa| (13) (tAvat subuddhinA niSiddhaH) taba subuddhi ne manA kiyaa| (14) (vidyAyA viphalatAM karomi) vidyA ko niSphala kruuNgaa| (15) (pratIkSasva kSaNam) Thahara kssnn-bhr| (16) (siMhenotthAya vyApAditAH) zera ne uThakara maaraa| 168 16. tRtIyaH api| 17. dhik+muurkh| 18. trayaH api| 19. siNhen+utthaay|

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pATha 13 patI patIn 4. patye patiSu ikArAnta pulliMga 'pati' zabda ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. patiH patayaH sambodhana (he) pate (he) , 2. patim 3. patyA patibhyAm patibhiH patibhyaH 5. patyuH 6. , patyoH patInAm 7. patyau jaba 'pati' zabda samAsa ke anta meM Aye to usake rUpa pUrvokta 'hari' zabda (pATha 3) ke samAna hote haiN| dekhie ikArAnta pulliMga 'bhUpati' zabda ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana bhUpatiH bhUpatayaH sambodhana (he) bhUpate bhUpatim 3. bhUpatinA bhUpatibhyAm bhUpatibhiH 4. bhUpataye bhUpatibhyaH 5. bhUpateH bhUpatyoH bhUpatInAm 7. bhUpatau bhUpatiSu sandhi niyama 1-i, u, R, lu, ke sAmane vijAtIya svara Ane para inake sthAna meM kramazaH "ya, d, ra, la' Adeza hote haiN| hari + aGgam haryaGgam aSTakam devyaSTakam icchA bhAnvicchA AnandaH svabhvAnandaH 1. bhUpatI bhA bhUpatIn " 6. + devI + + +

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dhAtR + aMzaH = dhAtraMzaH zaklR + aMtaH = zaklantaH zabda-pulliMga hastina, karin haathii| mahAmAtra mahAvata, haathiivaalaa| saMkSobha raulA, kSobha / loha lohaa| aary-shresstth| prAtAraka or3hane kA kpdd'aa| rada daaNt| rAjamArga=bar3A rAstA, mAla rodd| parivrAjaka saMnyAsI, bhikssu| dnndd-sottii| parAkrama shaury| AlAnastambha (hAthI) bAMdhane kA khmbhaa| caraNa paaNv| mahAkAya bar3e zarIra vaalaa| vesh-poshaak| strIliMga AryA zreSTha strii| kuNDikA kamaNDalu / bhitti-dIvAra / dRr3hamati=sthira buddhivaalii| napuMsakaliMga krm=kaary| nlin-kml-dNdd| bhAjanabartana / radana-ragar3a, daaNt| vizeSaNa avadAta-uttara, prshNsaayogy| sAdhu-acchA ! dIrgha lmbaa| akhila smpuurnn| udyukta taiyaar| samAsAdita pakar3A huaa| vinIta nmr| avatIrNa-utarA huaa| vidArayan-tor3atA huaa| zikharAbha-zikhara ke smaan| mocita chur3AyA huaa| anya itaH isa or| uddhRSTam pukaaraa| tarasA vega se| tataH vahAM se| kriyA zRNotu-sune (yA Apa sunie)| Arohata-car3ho (tuma sb)| manute mAnatA hai| udaghoSayanbole (ve sb)| vyApAya-hanana krke| Aste baiThA hai (vh)| ahanam maiMne maaraa| jarjarIkRtya-jarjara krke| babhaJja-tor3A (usne)| akaravam-maiMne kiyaa| saMpradhArya-nizcaya krke| nizvasya sA~sa lekr| apanayata le jAo (tuma sb)| mardayitum ragar3ane ke lie| paritrAtum rakSA karane ke liye| nivedayitum kahane ke liye|

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(10) avadA karma (10) uttama kArya (1) zRNotu AryA me praakrmm| (1) devI ! Apa suneM merA praakrm| yo'sau' AyA hastI' sa mahAmAnaM jo vaha AryA (Apa) kA hAthI hai, usane vyApAya AlAnastambha bbhnyj| mahAvata ko mArakara bandhana-stambha ko tor3a ddaalaa| (2) tataH sa mahAntaM saMkSobhaM kurvan (2) isake bAda, vaha bar3A raulA karatA rAjamArgam avtiirnnH| atrAntare ughuSTaM huA rAjamArga para aayaa| itane meM pukArA janena logoM ne (3) apanayata bAlakajanam / Arohata (3) le jAo bAlakoM ko| car3ho vRkSan bhittIzca ! hastI ita eti, iti| abhI vRkSoM aura dIvAroM pr| hAthI idhara A rahA hai| (4) karI kara-caraNa-radanena akhilaM (4) hAthI sUMDa aura pA~voM kI ragar3a vastujAtaM vidArayannAste / etAM nagarI se saba padArthoM ko cUra kara rahA hai| isa nalina-pUrNA mahAsarasIm iva mnute| nagarI ko (vaha) kamaliniyoM se bhare hue bar3e tAlAba ke samAna mAnatA hai| (5) tena tataH ko'pi parivrAjakaH (5) tatpazcAt usane koI saMnyAsI smaasaaditH| taJca' paribhraSTa-daNDa- pkdd'aa| jisake daNDa, kamaMDala, baratana kuNDikA-bhAjanaM yadA sa caraNairmardayituM gira gaye haiM, aise usa (saMnyAsI) ko jaba udyukto vabhUva', tadA parivrAjakaM paritrAtuM vaha caraNoM se rauMdane ke lie taiyAra huA, dRDhamatim akrvm| taba saMnyAsI kI rakSA karane kI dRr3ha buddhi (maiMne) kii| (6) evaM saMpradhArya satvaraM lohadaNDam (6) zIghra hI isa prakAra nizcaya 'eka tarasA gRhItvA taM hstin| ahnm|| karake lohe kA eka soTA zIghratA se pakar3akara (maiMne) usa hAthI ko maaraa| (7) vindhyazaila-zikharAbhaM mahAkAyam (7) vindhyaparvata ke zikhara ke samAna api taM jarjarIkRtya sa parivrAjako / bar3e zarIra vAle usa (hAthI) ko bhI jarjara mocitaH / tataH 'zUra sAdhu sAdhu' iti karake, vaha saMnyAsI chudd'vaayaa| pazcAt sarve'pi" janAH uccairudghossyn| 'zUra zAbAza ! zAbAza' aisA saba logoM ne UMcI AvAz2a se pukaaraa| 1. yH+asau| 2. aaryaayaaH+hstii| 3. bhittiiH+c| 4. itaH eti| 5. vidaaryn+aaste| 6. kH+api| 7. tm+c| 8. crnnaiH+mrdyitum| 9. udyuktH+bbhuuv| 10. privraajkH+mocitH| 11. srve+api|12. uccaiH+udghossyn| 71

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72 (8) tataH ekena vinItaveSeNa UrdhvadIrgha nizvasya svaprAvArako'pi kSiptaH / manopari 14 (9) tam ahaM gRhItvA, imaM vRttAntam AryAyai nivedayitum AgataH / ( saMskRta pAThAvalI ) samAsa - vivaraNa 1. karacaraNaradanena - karaH ca caraNau ca radane ca (teSAM samAhAraH) karacaraNaradanam na karacaraNaradane / 2. nalinapUrNAm - nalinaiH pUrNAm / 3. paribhraSTadaNDakuNDikAbhAjanam - [ - daNDaH ca kuNDikAbhAjanaM ca = daNDakuNDikA bhAjane / paribhraSTe daNDakuNDikAbhAjane yasmAt (yasya vA) saH = paribhraSTadaNDakuNDikAbhAjanaH .. tam / 4. lohadaNDaH - lohasya daNDaH = lohadaNDaH / 5. svaprAvArakaH - svasya prAvArakaH = svaprAvArakaH / 6. vinItaveSaH - vinItaH veSaH yasya saH = vinItaveSaH / 7. mahAkAya : - mahAn kAyaH yasya saH = mahAkAyaH / ekavacana ( 8 ) pazcAt namra pozAka vAle eka ne, Upara lambA sAMsa lekara, apanA or3hanA bhI mere Upara pheNkaa| 1. viT viD sambodhana (he) viT viD 2. vizam (9) usako maiM lekara yaha vRttAnta Apako kahane ke lie A gyaa| ( saMskRta pAThAcalI) pATha 14 zakArAnta pulliMga 'viz' zabda 13. prAvArakaH+api / 14. mana + upari / dvivacana vizau (hai) vizau bahuvacana vizaH (hai) viza:

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3. vizA viDbhyAm vibhiH 4. vize viDbhyaH 5. vizaH 6. , vizoH vizAm 7. vizi viTsa ___ isa zabda ke prathama sambodhana ke ekavacana ke rUpa do-do hote haiN| jisa zabda ke anta meM vyaMjana hotA hai, usake do rUpa saMbhava haiN| isa zabda ke samAna, vizvasRj, parimRj, devej, parivrAj, vibhrAj, rAj, suvRzc bhRjj, tviS, dviS, ratnamRS, prAvRS, prAcch, prAz, liha-ityAdi zabda calate haiN| tathA ch, za, Sa, h Adi vyaMjana jinake anta meM hote haiM, aise zabda bhI isI ke samAna calate haiN| subhIte ke liye 'parivrAj' zabda ke rUpa nIce diye jA rahe haiN| (he), jakArAnta pulliga 'parivrAja' zabda ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana 1. parivrATa-D parivrAjau parivrAjaH sambodhana (he), 2. parivrAjam 3. parivrAjA parivrADbhyAm parivrAbhiH 4. parivrAje parivrADbhyaH 5. parivrAjaH parivrAjoH parivrAjAm 7. parivrAji parivrATsu jakArAnta pulliga 'Rtvij' zabda 1. Rtvik-ga Rtvijau RtvijaH 3. RtvijA RtvigbhyAm RtvigbhiH 7. Rtviji RtvijoH RtvikSu cakArAnta pulliga 'payomuc' zabda 1. payomuk-g payomucau payomucaH 4. payomuce . payomugbhyAm payomugbhyaH 7. payomuci payomucoH payomukSu

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devejaH deveDbhyaH jakArAnta pulliMga 'vizvasRj' zabda 1. vizvasRT-D vizvasRjau vizvasRjaH 3. vizvasRjA vizvasRDbhyAm vizvasRbhiH 5. vizvasRjaH vizvasRDbhyaH 'devej' zabda 1. deveT-D devejo 4. deveje deveDbhyAm 7. deveji devejoH deveTsu 'rAja' zabda 1. rATa-Ga rAjau rAjaH . 3. rAjA rADbhyAm rAbhiH 6. rAjaH rAjoH rAjAm 7. rAji rAjoH rATsu 'dviS' zabda dviSau 3. dviSA dviDabhyAm dvibhiH dviSaH dviDbhyAm dviDbhyaH dviSi dviSoH 'prAvRS' zabda 1. prAvRT-D prAvRSau prAvRSaH 7. prAvRSi prAvRSoH prAvRTsu 'liha' zabda 1. liT-D lihau lihaH 3. lihA liDbhyAm liDabhiH 7. lihi lihoH 1. dviT-D dviSaH - dviTsu liTsu 74

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- prATsu 'ratnamuS' zabda 1. ratnamuT-D ratnamuSau ratnamuSaH 4. ratnamuSe ratnamuDbhyAm ratnamuDbhyaH 7. ratnamuSi ratnamuSoH ratnamuTsu 'prAcch' zabda prAT-D prAcchau prAcchaH prAcchA prADbhyAm prAbhiH 7. prAcchi prAcchoH prATsu 'prAz' zabda 1. prAT-D prAzau prAzaH 3. prAzA prADbhyAm prAbhiH 7. prAzi prAzoH zabda-pulliMga Ahava = yuddha / bheka = meNddhk| durdura = meNddhk| maNDUka = meNddhk| AhAraviraha = bhojana na honaa| bhujaGga = saaNp| prazna = svaal| zrotriya = vaidik| bAndhava = bhaaii| snAtaka = vidyA samApta kara lI hai jisane aisA brhmcaarii| rASTraviplava = gdr| AhAra = bhojn| mahodadhi = bar3A samudra / guNa = gunn| rAgin = lobhii| nR = mnussy| strIliMga viMzati = biis| parivedanA = shok| napuMsakaliMga udyAna = baag'| bhAgya = daiv| viSa = j'hr| kautuka = kutUhala, aashcry| durmita = akaal| vyasana = Apatti, burI avsthaa| zmazAna = maraghaTa / kASTha = lkdd'ii| agra = nok| vAhana = ratha aadi| daiva = bhaagy| vizeSaNa jIrNa = puraanaa| mandabhAgya = durdaiv| dezIya = deza kA, umara kaa| paJca = 175

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paaNc| prabuddha = jagA huaa| sajAta = utpnn| pRSTa = pUchA huaa| nRzaMsa = krUra guNasampanna = gunnii| mUrchita = behosh| daSTa = kATA huaa| Akula = vyAkula kutsita = nindit| akutsita = aniNdit| . itara pareyuH = dUsare din| citrapadakramam = pA~va ajaba rIti se rakhate hue| sarvathA = saba prakAra se| kriyA anviSyasi = (tuma) DhU~Dhate ho| anveSTum = DhUMDhane ke liye| kathyatAm = kahie patitvA = girkr| luloTha = lur3haka pdd'aa| sameyAtAM = ekatra hotI haiN| vyapeyAta = alaga hotI haiN| vilapasi = rote ho| anusandhehi = dhyAna rkh| parihara = chor3a nizamya = sunkr| vor3ham = uThAne ke lie| (11) sarpa-maNDUkayoH kathA (1) asti jIrNodyAne maMdaviSo nAma srpH| so'ti' jIrNatayA AhAramapi anveSTum akSamaH sarastIre patitvA sthitH| (2) tato dUrAdeva' kenacit maNDUkena dRSTaH pRssttshc| kimiti adya tvam AhAraM nAnviSyasi / (3) bhujaGgo'vadatgaccha bhadra, mama mandabhAgyasya praznena kiM tava ? tataH saJjAta-kautukaH saH ca bhekaH sarvathA kathyatam-ityAha- (4) bhujaGgo'pi' Aha-bhadra, brahmapuravAsinaH zrotriyasya kauNDinyasya putraH viMzativarSadezIyaH sarvaguNa sampanno durdaivAn mayA nRzaMsena daSTaH(5) tataH suzIlanAmAnaM taM putraM mRtam Alokya mUrcchitaH kauNDinyaH pRthivyAM (1) (so'tijIrNatayA)-vaha bahuta bUr3hA-kSINa hone se| (2) (AhAramapi anveSTA akSamaH) bhakSya DhUMr3hane ke lie azakta hai| (3) (gaccha bhadra) jA bhAI (mama mandabhAgyasya praznena kim-mere (jaise) durdaivI ko prazna (pUchakara tumheM)(kyA lAbha hai|) (saJjAta-kautukaH)-jisako utsukatA ho gaI hai aisA (sarvathA kathyatAm)-saba (hAla) khiye| (4) brahmapuravAsinaH-brahmapura meM rahane vaale| (viMzati-varSa-dezIyaH) bIsa sA 1. sH+ati| 2. AhAram api| 3. duuraat+ev| 4. n+anvissysi| 5. bhujaGga+avadat / 106. bhujnggH+api|

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luloTha / anantaraM brahmapuravAsinaH sarve bAndhavAstatra' Agatya upaviSTAH / ( 6 ) tathA ca uktam - Ahave, vyasane, durbhikSe, rASTraviplave, rAjadvAre, zmazAne ca yastiSThati sa bAndhava iti / ( 7 ) tatra kapilo nAma snAtako'vadat / are kauNDinya ! mUDho'si tena evaM pralapasi vilapasi ca / (8) zRNu - yathA mahodadhau kASThaM ca kASThaM ca sameyAtAm, sametya ca vyapeyAtAm, tadvad bhUtasamAgamaH / ( 9 ) tathA paJcabhiH nirmite dehe punaH paJcatvaM gate tatra kA parivedanA / ( 10 ) tad bhadraM ! AtmAnam anusandhehi, zokacarcAM ca parihara iti / tataH tadvavacana nizamya prabuddha iva kauNDinya" utthAya abravIt - (11) tad alaMgRhanaraka - vAsena / vanam eva gacchAmi / kapilaH punarAha / (punaH paJcatvaM gate) rAgiNAM vane'pi doSAH prabhavanti / ( 12 ) akutsite karmaNi yaH pravartate tasya nivRttrAgasya gRhaM tapovanam / ( 13 ) kauNDinyo brUte - evameva ! tato'haM zokAkulena brAhmaNena zaptaH / yad adya Arabhya maNDUkAnAM vAhanaM bhaviSyasi iti / ( 14 ) ato brAhmaNa-zApAd boDhuM maNDUkAn tiSThAmi / anantaraM tena maNDUkena gatvA maNDUkanAthasya agre tat kthitm| (15) tato 'sau " Agatya maNDUkarAjastasya " sarpasya pRSTham aaruuddhvaan| sa ca sarpaH taM pRSThe kRtvA citrapadakramaM babhrAma / ( 16 ) paredyuH calitum asamarthaM taM dardurAdhipatiruvAca " - kim adya bhavAn mandagatiH ? sarpo brUte deva ! AhAra-virahAd asamartho'smi / maNDUkarAja Aha- asmadAjJayA bhekAn bhakSaya / Ayu kA / (5) (suzIlanAmAnam taM putra mRtam Alokya) - suzIla nAmaka usa putra ko marA huA dekhakara / ( 6 ) ( Ahave vyasane durbhikSe rASTraviplave / rAjadvAre zmazAne ca yaH * tiSThati sa bAMdhavaH) - yuddha, kaSTa, akAla, g2adara, rAjA kI kacaharI, zmazAna ina sthAnoM . meM jo ( madada karane ke lie ) ThaharatA hai vahI bhAI hai / (7) ( mUDho'si ) tU mUrkha hai / (tena evaM pralapasi vilapasica ) - isalie isa prakAra rotA-pITatA hai| (8) (yathA mahodadhau ! kASThaM ca kASThaM ca sameyAtAm ) jisa prakAra bar3e samudra meM eka lakar3I dUsarI lakar3I ke sAtha milatI hai| (saMmetya ca vyapeyAtAm ) aura milakara phira alaga hotI hai / (tadvat) usake smaan| (bhUta-samAgamaH) prANiyoM kA sahavAsa / ( 9 ) ( paJcabhiH nirmite dehe) pAMcoM ' tatvoM se bane hue deha ke / phira pA~coM tattvoM meM jAne para (tatra kA parivedanA) vahA~ kisalie zoka ( karate ho) / ( 10 ) ( AtmAnam anusaMdhehi) apane-Apako samajha / ( 11 ) (alaM gRhanaraka-vAsena) basa (aba) kAphI hai, naraka rUpa isa ghara meM rahanA / ( 12 ) ( rAgiNAM 7. bAMdhavAH+tatra / 8. yaH + tiSThati / 9. snAtakaH+avadat / 10. kauNDinyaH +utthAya / 11. tataH+asau / 12. rAjaH + tasya / 13. patiH +uvAca / 77

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(17) tato gRhIto'ya* mahAprasAdaH iti uktvA kramazo maNDUkAn khAditavAn / ato nirmaNDUkaM saro vilokya, bhekAdhipatirapi tena bhkssitH| (hitopadezaH) sUcanA-isa pATha kA bhASAntara nahIM diyA hai| pAThaka svayaM samajhane kA prayala kreN| kevala kaThina vAkyoM kA hI artha diyA gayA hai| samAsa-vivaraNa 1. jIrNodyAnam-jIrNam udyAnam jiirnnodyaanm| . 2. mandaviSaH-mandaM viSaM yasya sa, mndvissH| 3. bhujaGgaH-bhujairgacchati iti bhujaGgaH bhujabAhuH (srpH)| 4. brahmapuravAsI-brahmapure vasati iti sa bhmpurvaasii| 5. sarvaguNasaMpannaH-sarvaiH guNaiH sampannaH srvgunnsmpnnH| 6. bhUta-samAgamaH-bhUtAnAM samAgamaH bhUtasamAgamaH / 7. zokAkulAH-zokena AkulAH shokaakulaaH| 8. maNDUkanAthaH-maNDUkAnAM nAthaH mnndduuknaathH| 9. dardurAdhipatiH-dardurANAm adhipatiH drduraadhiptiH| 10. nirmaNDUkam-nirgatAH maNDUkAH yasmAt tat nirmnndduukm| vane'pi doSAH prabhavanti) lobhiyoM ke lie doSa jaMgala meM bhI paidA hote haiN| (nivRttarAgamasyA gRhaM tapovanam) nirlobhI manuSya ke lie ghara hI tapovana hai| (13) (ahaM brAhmaNena zaptaH / mujhe brAhmaNa ne zApa diyaa| (adya Arabhya)=Aja se| (14) (voDhuM maNDUkAn) meMDhako ko uThAne ke liye| (15) (taM pRSThe kRtvA)-usako pITha para uThA kr| (citra padakrama / babhrAma)-vicitra prakAra nAcatA huA ghUmane lgaa| (16) (kiM adya bhavAn mandagatiH) kyoM Aja Apa thaka gae haiN| (17) (gRhIta ayaM mahAprasAdaH) liyA yaha mahAprasAda / (maNDUkAn khAditavAn) meMDhakoM ko khaayaa| (nirmaNDUkaM saraH vilokya) meMDhakoM se khAlI / huA tAlAba dekhkr| 178 14. gRhiitH+aym|

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sakArAnta pulliMga 'candramas' zabda candramasau (he),, 1. candramA bodhana (he) candrama 2. candramasam 3. candramasA 4. candramase 5. candramasaH 6. "" 7. candramasi 1. jyAyAn sambodhana ( hai ) jyAyan 2. jyAyAMsam 3. jyAyasA 4. jyAyase 5. jyAyasaH pATha 15 "" " candramobhyAm 1. pumAn sambodhana (he) puman 11 candramasoH candramasAm candramassu isa prakAra vedhas, sumanas, durmanasa ityAdi zabda calate haiM / sakArAnta pulliMga ' jyAyas' zabda 2. pumAMsam 3. puMsA 4. puMse jyAyAMsI (hai),, 37 jyAyobhyAm 19 "" jyAyasoH candramasaH (he),, 6. jyAyasAm jyAyassu 7. jyA "1 isa zabda ke samAna saba 'yas' pratyayAnta pulliMga zabda banate haiN| kanIyas, garIyas, zreyas, laghIyas, mahIyas, ityAdi zabdoM ke rUpa jyAyas zabda ke samAna hote haiM / sakArAnta pulliMga 'pums' zabda pumAMsau (hai) " 11 candramobhiH candramobhyaH "1 puMbhyAm 27 "" jyAyAMsaH (hai) " jyAyasaH jyAyobhiH jyAyobhyaH "" pumAMsaH "1 puMsaH puMbhiH puMbhyaH 79

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puMsAm 5. puMsaH 6. , paMsoH 7. puMsi isa zabda ke rUpoM meM vizeSatA yaha hai ki 'bhyAm, bhiH, bhyasaH' vyaJjanAdi pratyayoM ke Age hone para 'pumsa' ke sakAra kA lopa hotA hai tathA svarAdi pratyaya Age Ane para nahIM hotaa| hakArAnta pulliMga 'anaDuG' zabda 1. anaDvAn anaDvAhI anaDvAhaH sambodhana (he) anaDvan (he) , 2. anaDvAham anaDuhaH 3. anaDuhA anaDudbhyAm anaDudbhiH 4. anaDuhe anaDudbhyaH 5. anaDuhaH 6. anaDuhaH anaDuhoH anaDuhAm 7. anaDuhi anaDutsu isa zabda meM vizeSatA yaha hai ki dvitIyA ke bahuvacana se 'Dva' sthAna para 'Du' hotA hai, tathA svarAdi pratyayoM ke samaya anta meM 'ha' rahatA hai aura vyaJjanAdi pratyayoM ke samaya 'ha' ke sthAna para 'd' ho jAtA hai, parantu 'su' pratyaya ke pUrva 't' hotA hai| zabda-pulliMga bhRtya = sevaka, naukr| asantoSa = gussaa| aparAgaH = apriiti| pAdaH = caraNaH, paaNv| bhartR = svaamii| sneha = dostI, maitrii| vAgmin = bolane vAlA, vktaa| mahAhava = bar3A yuddh| pazu = luulaa| strIliMga sampatti = paisA, dault| vipatti = musIbata, dAridraya / tRSNA = pyAsa / lapkA = lAja, shrm| vAcAlatA = tIsamArakhAM kA svabhAva / svAdhInatA = svaatntry| napuMsakaliMga kArpaNya = kRpaNatA, kNjuusii| Anana = mukh| pRSTha = piitth| vyasana = ksstt| 80

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vizeSaNa stUyamAna = jinakI stuti ho rahI hai| kSipyamAna = dhikkAra kiyA jAtA huaa| kathyamAna = kahA jAtA huaa| samunnamyamAna = smmaanit| samAlApa = barAbarI se bolane vaalaa| anAdiSTa = AjJA na kiyA huaa| mUka = guuNgaa| jar3a = ajJAnI, acetn| AlapyamAna = bolA jAtA huaa| dhvajabhUta = jhaMDe ke smaan| andha = aNdhaa| itara agrataH = aage| pratIpam = viruddha / kriyA vijJapayanti = batAte haiN| vikatyante = kahate haiN| abhivAJchanti = icchA karate haiN| palAyya = bhaagkr| nilIyante = chipate haiN| alpanti = bolate haiN| sevante = sevA karate haiN| parAkramya = zaurya (prastuta) krke| vizeSaNoM kA upayoga kathyamAnA kathA, ucyamAnaH upadezaH, kSipyamAna pAtram, stUyamAnaH puruSaH, andhA strI, svAdhInaM daivtm| (12) bhRtya-dharmAH - (12) naukara ke dharma (1) bhRtyA api na evaM ye sampatteH vipattau savizeSaM sevnte| (2) samunnamyamAnAH sutarI avnmnti| AlapyamAnA na samAlApAH sjaaynte| (1) naukara bhI ve hI (hai) jo daulata se garIbI meM adhika sevA karate haiN| . (2) sammAna diye jAne para bahuta namra hote haiN| bolane para bhI nahIM barAbarI se bolane vAle hote haiN| (3) stuti para ghamaNDI nahIM hote haiN| dhikkAra karane para aprIti nahIM lete| (3) stUyamAnA na grvmnubhvnti| tipyamANA' na aparAgaM gRnnnti| 1. bhRtyaaH+api| 2. te+ev| 3. maanaaH+n| 4. maannaaH+n|

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(4) uccanAnA na pratIpaM bhAvante pRSTA hitapriyaM vizapayanti / ( 5 ) anAdiSTAH kurvanti / kRtvA na alpanti / parAkramya na vikalpante / (6) kathyamAnA arpi' lajjAm udvahanti / mahAhaveagrato dhvaja' bhUtA iva lakSyante / (7) dAnakAle palAyya pRSThato nilIyante / dhanAtsnehaM bhUyAMsaM manyante / ( 8 ) jIvitAt puro maraNaM abhivAJchanti / gRhAd apisvAmipAdamUle sukhaM tiSThanti / (9) yeSAM tRSNA caraNaparicaryAyAm, asantoSo" hRdayA''rAdhane, vyasanam AnanAlokane / ( 10 ) vAcAlatA guNagrahaNe, kArpaNyam aparityAgeM bhartuH / ( 11 ) ye ca vidyamAne svAminI asvAdhInasakalendriyavRttayaH, pazyanto'pi andhA" iva, zRNvanto'pi " badhirA" iva, vAgmino'pi " mUkA " iMva, jAnanto'pi " jar3A 17 iva, anapahatakaracaraNAH 18 api paGgava iva, AtmanaH svAmicintAdarze pratibimbavad vartante / (kAdambarI) (4) bolane para viruddha nahIM bolte| pUchane para hitakara priya batAte haiM / (5) hukuma na karane para (kArya) karate haiM, karake bolate nahIM haiM / parAkrama karake nahIM bolate haiM / (6) kahe jAte hue bhI lajjA karate haiN| bar3e yuddha meM Age jhaNDe ke samAna dIkhate haiN| (7) dAna ke samaya bhAgakara pIche chipa / jAte haiN| dhana se maitrI adhika samajhate haiM / (8) jIne se bar3hakara maraNa cAhate haiN| ghara se bhI svAmI ke pA~va ke mUla meM Ananda se Thaharate haiM / ( 9 ) ( naukara vaha ) jinakI icchA caraNoM kI sevA meM hai, asantoSa hRdaya ke ArAdhana meM hai, vyasana mu~ha dekhane meM hai (jisameM ) / (10) guNa lene meM bahuta bolanA, kaMjUsI svAmI ke na chor3ane meM (ho) / ( 11 ) aura jo svAmI ke rahate hue apanI indriyoM kI vRttiyA~ apane liye nahIM rakhate, dekhate hue bhI andhe ke samAna haiM, sunate hue bhI bahare haiM, bolane vAle hone para bhI gUMge ( haiM ) jAnate hue bhI jar3a ke samAna (hai) hAtha-pAMva sAbuta hone para bhI lU ke samAna ( haiM ), jo apane svAmI ke cintA rUpI zIze meM pratibimba ke samAna rahate haiM / (kAdambarI) 7. 5. pRSTAH + hit| 6 mAnAH + api / 10. asantoSa: + hradayA. 11. andhAH + iva / 12. 82 15. mUkAH + iv| 16. jAnantaH+api / 17. jdd'aa:+iv| 18. caraNAH+api / 19. paGgavaH+ivaH / haveSu + agrataH / 8 zRNvantaH: + api / 13. agrataH + dhvaja / 9 bhUtA~ + iva badhirAH + iva / 14: vAgminaH+api

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samAsa - vivaraNa 1. bhRtyadharmAH - bhRtyasya (sevakasya ) dharmAH ( karttavyANi) / 2. savizeSam - vizeSeNa sahitam = savizeSam / 3. dAnakAlaH - dAnasya kAlaH = dAnakAlaH / 4. svAmipAda mUlam - svAminaH pAdau = svAmipAdau / svAmipAdayoH mUlam = svAmipAdamUlam / 5. asantoSaH - na santoSaH = asantoSaH / 6. asvAdhInasakalendriyavRttayaH - sakalAni indriyANi = sakalendriyANi / sakalendriyANAM vRttayaH sakalendriyavRttayaH / na svAdhInAH = asvAdhInAH / asvAdhInAH sakalendriyavRttayaH yeSAM te asvAdhInasakalendriyavRttayaH / 7. anapahatakaracaraNAH- karau ca caraNau ca karacaraNAH / na apahataH - anaprarhataH / anapahatAH karacaraNA yeSAM te anapahatakaracaraNAH / pATha 16 sarvanAma pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve pichale 15 pAThoM kA adhyayana pUrNa hone se pUrva isa pATha ko prArambha na kreN| do bAra yA tIna bAra adhyayana karake unameM diye hue niyamAdi kI acchI yogyatA prApta karane ke bAda isa pATha ko prArambha kreN| sarvanAmoM ke lie prAyaH sambodhana nahIM hotA parantu 'sarva, vizva' Adi kaI aise sarvanAma haiM jinakA sambodhana hotA hai| nAma ve hote haiM jo padArthoM ke nAma hoM, jaise - kRSNaH, rAmaH, gRham, nagaram, dIpaH, lekhanI, pustakam ityAdi, sarvanAma unako kahate haiM jo nAma ke badale meM Ate haiM, jaise- saH (vaha), tvam (tU), aham (maiM), sarvam ( sabako), ubhau (do), kaH ( kauna), ayam (yaha ) ityAdi / akArAnta pulliMga 'sarva' zabda sarve 1. sarvaH sambodhana (he) sarva 2. sarva 3. sarveNa 4. sarvasmai (he) sarvo 17 "" sarvAbhyAm 77 29 sarvAn sarvaiH sarvebhyaH 83

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84 5. sarvasmAt 6. sarvasya sarveSAm 7. sarvasmin sarveSu "" isI prakAra 'vizva, eka, ubhaya' ityAdi sarvanAmoM ke rUpa hote haiN| 'ubha' sarvanAma kA kevala dvivacana meM hI prayoga hotA hai / 1. sambodhana ubhau pUrvaH pUrvam pUrveNa pUrvasmai pUrvA pUrvasmAt pUrvAt pUrvasya 17 sarvayoH 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5. svasmAt, svAt 7. 1 ubhAbhyAm 'ubha' zabda ke artha 'do' hone se usakA ekavacana tathA bahuvacana sambhava nahIM / akArAnta pulliMga 'pUrva' zabda pUrvI ubhayoH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. pUrveSAm, pUrvANAm 7. pUrvasmin pUrve pUrveSu 'pUrva' zabda ke samAna hI 'para, apara, uttara, adhara' ityAdi zabda calate haiM / niyama 1 - 'sva' zabda 'AtmIya', svakIya, artha meM prayukta hotA hai / 'sva' ke rUpa 'pUrva' ke samAna hote haiM, parantu 'jAti' aura 'dhana' artha meM 'deva' zabda ke samAna hote haiN| 1 "" pUrvAbhyAm 27 pUrve, pUrvAH pUrvAn pUrvaiH pUrvebhyaH "" pUrvayoH niyama 2 - antara zabda 'bAhya, paridhAnIya' ina arthoM meM 'antara' zabda ke samAna calatA hai, parantu anya arthoM meM 'deva' ke samAna hai / jaise sva- 1. svaH svau svAbhyAm sve, svAH svebhyaH

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sveSu 7. svasmin, sve svayoH aMtara-1. antaraH antarau antare 2. antaram antarau antarAn 3. antareNa antarAbhyAm antaraiH 4. antarasmai, antarAya antarebhyaH 5. antarasmAt antarAt antarAbhyAm antarebhyaH 6. antarasya antarayoH antareSAm, antarANAm 7. antarasmin, antare antarayoH antareSu niyama 3-'prathama' sarvanAma ke, pulliMga meM kevala prathamA vibhakti meM 'pUrva' ke samAna rUpa hote haiM, anya vibhaktiyoM meM 'deva' ke samAna hote haiN| isI prakAra 'katipaya, ardha, alpa, carama, dvitIya, tRtIya, catuSTaya, paJcataya,' ityAdi sarvanAmoM ke rUpa hote 1. prathamaH prathamau prathame, prathamAH 2. prathamam prathamAn zeSa 'deva' zabda ke samAna hote haiN| zabda-pulliMga sandhiH -surAqha, jor3a mRdaGgaH-mRdaMga (tabalA) paNavaH-Dhola vaMzI-bAMsurI praNayaH-vinati sutaH-putra viSAdaH-duHkha nATyAcAryaH-nATaka kA AcArya pradIpaH-dIvA AkrandaH-pukAra, ronA strIliMga viinnaa-viinnaa| rjnii-raatri| zATI-cAdara, dhotii| bhaassaa-bhaassnn| napuMsakaliMga bhANDa = brtn| alaGkaraNa = alNkaar| sadana = ghr| steya = corii| vAya = vAdya, baajaa| caurya = corii| gAndharva = gaayn| nATya = naattk| vizeSaNa supta = soyA huaa| prabuddha = jAgA huaa| vyavasthita = lagA huaa| niSkAnta 85

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= cala pdd'aa| samAsAdita = prApta kiyaa| atikrAnta = samApta huaa| AzAnvita = AzA se yukt| zApita = zApa diyA gyaa| nirvApita = bujhAyA gyaa| nibaddha = bA~dhA huaa| niSkAnta = nikala gyaa| kriyA anuzuzoca = zoka kiyaa| asvapnAyata = svapna aayaa| praviveza = ghusa gyaa| Aptum = prApta karane ke lie| pravizya = ghuskr| vakti = bolatA hai| kartitvA = kATakara / suSvApa = so gyaa| utpAdya = banAkara / kAMkSati = icchA karatA hai| anya paramArthataH = vAstava meN| bhUmiSTham = z2amIna meM gAr3A huaa| vizeSaNoM kA upayoga suptA baalikaa| suptaH putrH| suptaM mitrm| nirvApito diipH| prabuddhA strii| niSkAntaH puruSaH / zApitA naarii| (18) cArudattasadane cauryam (1) gacchati kAle kasmiMzcid' dine gAndharvaM zrotuM gataH cArudattaH atikrAntAyAm ardharajanyAM gRham Agatya smaitreyHsussvaap| (2) suptayorubhayoH zarvilaka iti' kazcid brAhmaNacauraH steyena dravyam Aptu ! (1) (gacchati kAle)-samaya jAne para / (atikrAtAyAm-ardharajanyAm) AdhI rAta bIta jAne pr| (2) (suptayoH ubhayoH) donoM ke so jAne para (sandhim utpAdya praviveza) surAkha karake ghusa gyaa| (3) (paraM viSAdam agacchat) bahuta duHkha ko prApta huaa| (4) (AtmAnaM vakti) apane-Apa se bolatA hai (paramArthataH daridraH) vAstava meM griib| (bhUmiSThaM dravyaM dhArayati) bhUmi ke andara paisA rakhatA hai| (5) (maitreyaH udasvapnAyata) maitreya ko svapna A gyaa| (6) (itastato dRSTvA ) idhara-udhara dekhkr| (jarjara-snAna-zATI nibaddha) snAna karane ke purAne kapar3e meM bAMdhA huA (grahItumanAH) lene kI icchaa| (na | 86] 1. ksmin+cit| 2. suptyoH+ubh.| 3. zarvilakaH iti|

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cArudattasya sadane sandhim utpAdya praviveza / ( 3 ) pravizya ca mRdaGga - paNava- vINA vaMzAdIna vAdyAni dRSTvA paraM viSAdam agacchat / * (4) AtmAnaM vakti ca 'kathaM nATyAcAryasya gRham idam ? athavA paramArthato' daridro'yam ? uta rAjabhayAccaura' - bhayAd vA bhUmiSThaM dravyaM dhArayati ? ( 5 ) tataH paramArthadaridro'yam iti nizcitya, bhavatu, gacchAmi iti gantuM vyavasite maitreye udasva'pnAyata - 'bho vayasya ! sandhiriva dRzyate, cauramiva pazyAmi / tad gRhaNAtu bhavAn idaM suvarNabhANDam iti / ( 6 ) tataH ca tadvacanAd itastato dRSTvA, jarjara-snAna- zATI-nirbaddham alaGkaraNabhANDam upalakSya grahItumanA api na yuktaM tulyAvasthaM kulaputrajanaM pIDayitum, tad gacchAmi iti manazcakAra / ( 7 ) tato maitre'zyacacArudattam" uddizya punaH udasvapnAyata 'bho vayasya ! zApito'si 2 gobrAhmaNakamyayA, yadi etat suvarNabhANDaM na gRhNAsi' ( 8 ) tato nirvApite pradIpe, idAnIM karomi brAhmaNasya praNayam - iti bhANDaM jagrAha zarvilakaH maitreyasya hastAt / (9) grahaNakAle ca maitreyaH utsvapnAyamAna Aha / 'bho vayasya / zItalaste 14 hastagrahaH, iti' tasmin caure niSkrAmati gRhAd radanikA satrAsaM prabuddhA / hA dhik, hA dhik ! asmAkaM gRhe sandhiM kartitvA cauro niSkrAntaH ! ( 10 ) Aryamaitreya, uttiSTha - uttiSTha / asmAkaM gRhe sandhiM kRtvA cauro niSkrAntaH iti uccaiH Acakranda / so'pi utthAya cArudattaM prabodhayAmAsa / (11) cArudattastu - AzAnvitaH cauro'smAkaM mahatIM nivAsaracanAM dRSTvA sandhicchedanakhinna iva nirAzo gtH| kim asau kathayiSyati tapasvI sArthavAham ? tasya gRhaM pravizya na kiMcin mayA samAsAditam iti- tam eva cauram anuzuzoca / - mRcchakaTikam 1 yuktaM tulyAvasthaM kulaputrajanaM pIDayitum ) samAna avasthA meM rahane vAle kulIna manuSyoM ko kaSTa denA yogya nahIM / ( iti manazcakAra ) aisA dila kiyA / (7) (zApito'si gobrAhmaNakAmyayA) zApa hai tujhe gAya aura brAhmaNa kI zapatha kA / (8) (nirvApite pradIpe) dIpa bujhAne para / ( 9 ) ( zItalaste hastagrahaH) ThaNDA hai tere hAtha kA sparza / (10) (uttiSThottiSTha) uTho uTho (uccaiH AcakraMda) U~ce se bolI / ( 11 ) ( AzAnvitaH cauraH) AzAyukta cora / ( mahatIM nivAsa-racanAM dRSTvA ) bar3A mahala dekhakara / saMdhicchedana khinna iva nirAzo gataH) cheda karake duHkhI banakara nirAza hokara gayA / (nakiMcinmayAsamAsAdita) nahIM kucha bhI maiMne prApta kiyA / 4. viSAdam+agacchat / 5. parama + arthataH / 6. daridraH+ayaM / 7. bhayAt + cauraH / 8. maitreyaH +udasva / 9. mnH+ckaar| 10. tataH + maitreyaH / 11. maitreyaH + cArudattaH / 12. zApitaH+asi / 13. tataH+nirvA. / 14. zItalaH+te / 87

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88 samAsa - vivaraNa 1. samaitreyaH - maitreyeNa sahitaH samaitreyaH / = 2. mRdaGgapaNavavaMzAdIni - mRdaGgazca paNavazca vaMzazca = mRdaGgapaNavavaMzA AdIni yeSAM tAni - mRdaGgapaNavavaMzAdIni / 3. bhUmiSTham - bhUmyAM tiSThati iti bhUmiSTham / 4. AzAnvitaH - AzayA anvitaH AzAnvitaH / = 5. jarjarasnAnazATInibaddham - snAnArthaM zATI = snAnazATI, jarjarA snAnazATI jarjarasnAnazATI / jarjara snAnazATyAnibaddham = jarjarasnAnazATInibaddham / 6. satrAsam - trAsena sahitam = satrAsam / yasmai yasmAt pATha 17 'yat' zabda (pulliMga) yau = 1. yaH 2. yam 3. yena 4. 5. 6. yasya 7. yasmin yeSu "1 isI prakAra 'anya, anyatara, itara, katara, katama, tva' ityAdi sarvanAmoM ke rUpa banate haiN| 'anyatama' sarvanAma ke rUpa 'deva' zabda ke samAna hote haiM / 'kim' zabda (pulliMga) kau "" yAbhyAm yAbhyAm 22 yayoH 1. kaH 2. kam 3. kena kAbhyAm ityAdi rUpa 'yat' ke samAna hI hote haiM / 21 mRdaGgapaNavavaMzAH / sbro bhaaybbaaw yaiH yebhyaH yeSAm Xi kAn kaiH

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tau tau TEE 'tad' zabda (pulliMga) 1. saH 2. tam 3. tena tAbhyAm ityAdi rUpa 'yat' ke samAna hI hote haiN| 'dvi' zabda (pulliMga) isa zabda kA kevala dvivacana meM hI prayoga hotA hai| 1. dvau 5. dvAbhyAm 2. dvau 6. dvayoH / dvayoH dvAbhyAm dvAbhyAma 'tri' zabda (pulliMga) isa zabda kA kevala bahuvacana meM hI prayoga hotA hai| 1. trayaH tribhyaH 2. trIn trayANAm 3. tribhiH triSu tribhyaH 'catur' zabda (pulliMga) catvAraH 2. caturaH caturNAm 3. caturbhiH caturyu 4-5 caturthyaH - paJcan, SaS, saptan, aSTan, navan, dazana, ekAdazan, dvAdazan, trayodazan, caturdazan, paJcadazan, SoDazan, saptadazan, aSTadazan bhI isI prakAra nitya bahuvacanAnta calate haiN| (1-2) paJca SaT sapta aSTau nava daza (3) paJcabhiH SaDbhiH saptabhiH aSTAbhiH (aSTabhiH) navabhiH dazabhiH (4-5) paJcabhyaH SaDbhyaH saptabhyaH aSTAbhyaH (aSTabhyaH) navabhyaH dazabhyaH (6) paJcAnAm SaNNAm saptAnAm / aSTAnAm navAnAm dazAnAm (7) paJcasu SaTsu saptasu aSTAsu (aSTasu) navasu dazasu| 89|

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sandhi niyama 1-padAnta ke 'n' ke pazcAt 'ca' athavA 'cha' Ane se 'na' kA anusvAra+z banatA hai| padAnta ke 'n' ke pazcAt 'Ta' athavA 'Da' Ane para 'n' kA anusvAra+S banatA + + + + tAMstarUn + + padAnta ke 'n' ke pazcAt 'ta' athavA 'tha' Ane para 'n' kA anusvAra+s banatA hai| padAnta ke 'n' ke pazcAt 'ja', 'jha', athavA 'za' Ane para 'n' ke anusvAra kA +'J' banatA hai| padAnta ke 'n' ke pazcAt 'Da' athavA 'Dha' Ane para 'n' ke anusvAra kA + 'Na' banatA hai| padAnta ke 't' ke pazcAt 'la' Ane para 'n' ke anusvAra kA anusvAra+l banatA hai| udAharaNa-tAn caurAn tA~zcaurAn sarvAn + chAtrAn sarvAMzchAtrAn tasmin TIkA tasmiMSTIkA tAn tarUn kAn janAn kAJjanAn yAn zatrUn yAJchatrUn DimbhAn tANDimbhAn tAn lokAn = tA~llokAn zabda-pulliMga sArthavAha vyaapaarii| manISin vidvaan| kaak-kauvaa| anucara naukara, sevk| sArtha jhuNDa, (vyaapaarii)| jambUka giiddd'| AhAra bhojn| uSTra-U~Ta / vAyasa kauvaa| khala dusstt| upavAsa vrata, lNghn| strIliMga ukti bhaassnn| kuti=peTa, bg'l| napuMsakaliMga paap-paatk| kUTa-kuTila, slaah| zarIravaikalya zarIra kI shithiltaa| |90 mAMsa gosht| tAn + +

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vizeSaNa parikSINa = dubalA / bubhukSita = bhUkhA | anugRhIta= = upakAra huaa| svAdhIna = svatantra, pAsa rakhA huA, apane kAbU meM / vyagra = duHkhI | kriyA jagmuH - gaye / vidArya - phaadd'kr| dolAyate - hilatI hai| akathayat-kahA / vizeSaNoM kA upayoga bubhukSitaH manuSyaH / kSINaH puruSaH / bubhukSitA nArI / kSINA maataa| bubhukSitaM manaH / kSINaM mitram / ( 14 ) siMhAnucarANAM kathA (1) asti kasmiMzcid vanoddeze madotkaTo nAma siMhaH / tasya sevakAstrayaH' - kAko vyAghro jambUkazca' / (2) atha tairbhramadbhiH sArthAd bhraSTaH kazcid uSTro' dRSTaH / pRSTazca' - kuto 'bhavAn AgataH ? ( 3 ) sa ca AtmavRttAntam akathayat / tatastairnItvA'sau siMhAya samarpitaH / tena abhayavAcaM datvA citrakarNa' iti nAma kRtvA sthApitaH / (4) atha kadAcit siMhasya zarIravai-kalyAd ! bhUrivRSTikAraNAt ca, AhAram alabhamAnAste ' (1 ) ( vanoddeze ) - jaMgala ke eka sthAna meM / ( madotkaTaH) - ghamaMDa se bharA huA, siMha kA nAma / ( 2 ) ( sArthAbhraSTaH kazciduSTro dRSTaH ) - kAphile se alaga huA koI eka UMTa dekhA / (pRSTazca ) - aura pUchA ( kuto bhavAnAgataH) - kahAM se Apa Aye / (3) ( tatastairnItvA'sau siMhAya samarpitaH) anantara unhoMne le jAkara vaha siMha ke lie arpaNa kiyaa| (tena abhayavAcaM datvA) - usane abhaya vacana dekara / ( 4 ) ( zarIra-vaikalyAt) - zarIra asvastha hone se (bhUrivRSTikAraNAt) bahuta varSA hone se / (5) (tairAlocitam) - unhoMne socA / (yathA svAmI vyApAdayati tathA'nuSThIyatAm ) jisase svAmI mAra DAle vaisA kIjiye / (6) (kimanena kaNTakabhujA) - isa kAMTe khAne vAle se kyA karanA hai / (anugRhItaH ) meharabAnI kI (tat kathamevaM sambhavati ) - to kaise aisA ho sakatA hai| (7) (parikSINaH) azakta / (bubhukSitaH kiM na karoti pApam) bhUkhA kauna-sA pApa nahIM 1. sevakaH+trayaH / 2. jambUkaH+ca / 3. uSTraH+dRSTaH / 4. pRSTaH+ca / 5. kutaH+bhavAn / 6. tataH+taiH+nItvA+asau / 7. karNaH + iti / 8. mAnAH+te / 91

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92 babhUvuH " / ( 5 ) tatasteH " Alocitam / citrakarNam eva yathA savAmI vyApAdayati tathA'nuSThIyatAm" / (6) kim anena kaNTakabhujA / vyAghra uvAca - svAminAbhayavAcaM " datvA'nugRhItaH / tatkatham evaM saMbhavati / (7) kAko brUte - iha samaye parikSINaH svAmI pApam api kariSyati / bubhukSitaH kiM na karoti pApam / ( 8 ) iti saMcintya sarve siMhAntikaM jagmuH / siMhena uktam / AhArAya kiJcit prAptam ? (9) taiH uktam yatnAd api na prAptaM kiJcit / siMhenoktam " - ko'dhunA 11 jIvanopAyaH ? (10) deva svAdhInAhAraparityAgAt sarvanAzaH ayam upasthitaH / ( 11 ) siMhenoktam - atra AhAra kaH svAdhInaH ? kAkaH karNe kathayati - citrakarNa iti / ( 12 ) siMho bhUmiM spRSTvA karNau spRzati, abhayavAcaM datvA dhRto'yam" asmAbhiH / tat kathaM sambhavati ? (13) tathA ca sarveSu dAneSu abhayapradAnaM mahAdAnaM vadanti iha manISiNaH / ( 14 ) kAko brUte - nAsau svAminA vyApAdayitavyaH, kiMtu asmAbhireva" tathA karttavyam / asau svadehadAnam aGgI karoti / ( 15 ) siMhaH tat zrutvA tUSNIM sthitaH / tenA'sau " vAyasaH kUTaM kRtvA sarvAn AdAya siMhAntikaM gataH / ( 16 ) atha kAkena uktam - deva, yatnAd api AhAro na prAptaH / anekopavAsakhinnaH svAmI / ( 17 ) tad idAnIM madIyaMmAMsaM upabhujyatAm siMhena uktam-bhadra ! varaM prANaparityAgaH, na punar IdRzI karmaNi pravRttiH / (18) jambUkena api tathoktam / tataH siMhena uktam - maivam / atha citrakarNo'pi jAta-vizvAsaH tathaiva AtmadAnam Aha / ( 19 ) tad vadan eva asau vyAghreNa kukSiM vidArya vyApAditaH 1 karatA / (8) (iti saJcintya) isa prakAra vicAra karake / (sarve siMhAntikaM jagmuH) saba zera ke pAsa gye| (AhArArtham) bhojana ke lie (9) (ko'dhunA jIvanopAyaH ) - kauna - sA aba z2iMdA rahane ke lie upAya hai| ( 10 ) (svAdhInAhAraparityAgAt) apane pAsa kA bhojana chor3ane se / ( sarvanAzo'yamupasthitaH) sabakA yaha nAza A rahA hai| (11) (atrAhAraH kaH svAdhInaH) yahA~ kauna - sA bhojana apane pAsa hai| ( 12 ) ( bhUmiM spRSTvA karNau spRzati ) / z2amIna kA sparza karake kAnoM ko hAtha lagAtA hai| (13) (sarveSu dAneSu abhayadAnaM mahAdAnaM vadanti ) - saba dAnoM meM abhayadAna bar3A dAna hai aisA vidvAn kahate haiM / (14) (asau svadehadAnamaMgIkaroti ) - yaha apanA zarIra denA svIkAra karegA / ( 15 ) ( tUSNIM sthitaH ) - cupacApa rahA / (vAyasaH kUTaM kRtvA) kauvA kapaTa kI salAha karake / (sarvAnAdAya siMhAntikaM gataH) saba ko lekara zera ke pAsa gyaa| ( 16 ) ( anekopavAsakhinnaH) aneka 11 19. vyagrAH + babhUvuH / 10 tataH+te / tathA + anu / 12. svAminA + abhaya / 13. siMhena + uktaM / 14. kH+adhunaa| 15. dhRtaH+ayaM / 16 na+asau / 17 asmAbhiH +eva / 18 tena+asau /

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srvairbhkssitshc"| ato'haM bravImi - satAm api matiH khaloktibhi: dolAyate " iti / - hitopadezaH / pATha 18 'asmad' zabda isake tInoM liMgoM meM samAna hI rUpa hote haiM 1 1. aham 2. mAm (mA) 3. mayA 4. mahyam (me) 5. mat 6. mama (me) 7. mayi 1. tvam 2. tvAm (tvA) 3. tvayA 4. tubhyam (te) 5. tvat 6. tava (te) 7. tvayi AvAm AvAm (nau) AvAbhyAm AvAbhyAm (nau) AvAbhyAm AvayoH (nau) AvayoH asmAsu isa zabda ke dvitIyA, caturthI, SaSThI vibhaktiyoM ke pratyeka vacana ke do-do rUpa hote haiN| isI prakAra 'yuSmad' zabda ke bhI hote haiM / yuSmad yuvAm yuvAm (vAm ) yuvAbhyAm yuvAbhyAm (vAm) vayam asmAn (naH) asmAbhiH asmabhyam (naH) asmat asmAkam (naH) yuvAbhyAm yuvayoH (vAma) yuvayoH yUyam yuSmAn (vaH) yuSmAbhiH yuSmabhyam (vaH) yuSmat yuSmAkam (vaH) yuSmAsu upavAsoM se duHkhita / ( 17 ) ( madIyaM mAMsam upabhujyatAm ) merA gozta khAo / ( varaM prANaparityAgaH) maranA acchA hai| ( na punaH karmaNi IdRzI pravRttiH) parantu karma meM aisA prayatna ThIka nhiiN| (18) ( jAtavizvAsaH ) jisakA vizvAsa huA hai / ( AtmadAnamAha) apanA dAna bolaa| (19) (kukSiM vidArya) bag2ala phaadd'kr| (satAmapi matiH khaloktibhiH dolAyate ) - sajjanoM kI bhI buddhi duSToM kI bAtoM se caMcala ho jAtI hai / 19. sarvaiH+bhakSitaH / 20. ataH + aham / 21. dolAyate + iti / 93

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94 1. asau 2. amum 3. amunA 4. amuSmai 5. amuSmAt 6. amuSya 7. amuSmin jAtA hai| padAnta t : A 11 udAharaNa tat tat tat tat yat tat yat ts : : : : sandhi niyama 1 - nimna dazAoM meM krama se padAnta t kA 'c, j, TU, D, lU ho ko 'adas' zabda (pulliMga) amU " + caraNau chAyA zAstram jalam jhajjharaH TIkA Dayanam lokAt amUbhyAm "" matam nityam 64 amuyoH "" parivartita rUpa c j lkr bh mr lHr T = = amI amUn amIbhiH amIbhyaH = amISAm amISu = 17 sAmane kA akSara za ca cha 15 ja Ta Da la taccaraNau tacchAyA tacchAstram tajjalam yajjhajjharaH taTTIkA yaDDayanam tasmAt + tasmAllokAt niyama 2 - 'tU' ke bAda anunAsika Ane se 'tU' kA 'n' athavA 'dU' hotA hai| tan + manaH tanmanaH, tadmanaH yat + U jha 5 Dha yanmatam, yadmatam tasmAnnityam, tasmAdanityam tasmAt + pAThakoM ko smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki nakAra vAlA pahalA rUpa hI bahuta prasiddha hai /

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zabda-pulliMga prabodhaH = jJAna, jaagRti| prakAzaH = ujaalaa| sacivaH = mntrii| mahAbhAgaH = mhaashy| saurabhaH = sugandha / vatsaraH = varSa, saal| pradhAnaH = mukhya (mntrii)| mahIpatiH, bhUpAlaH = raajaa| sArvabhaumaH = samrAT, raajaadhiraaj| aJjaliH = haath| aJjalibadhaH = hAtha jodd'naa| aMzaH = hissaa| strIliMga niHsAratA = qhuzkI, sAra na honaa| niHzrIkatA = niHsaartaa| napuMsakaliMga kRta = krnevaalaa| rUpaka = alaMkAra / vibhava = dhn-dault| sadana = ghr| vizvamaNDala = jgnmnnddl| dvAra = drvaaj'aa| tattva = saar| antara = mana / prayANa = prvaas| vizeSaNa sahaja = sAtha utpanna huA (svaabhaavik)| vartin = rhnevaalaa| manvAna = maannevaalaa| pratizrutavat = pratijJA karanevAlA, vacana denevaalaa| niyojya = sevk| sarala = siidhaa| itara = any| bhadramukha = zreSTha, priydrshii| pratyAvRtta = lauTA huaa| mRta = marA huaa| saMvRtta = huA huaa| nizcetana = acetana, jdd'| apakrAnta = alaga huA huaa| vicchinna = TUTA huaa| bahu = bhut| AkrAnta = vyaapt| nikRSTa = niic| anupayukta = nirupyogii| pratinivRtta = vApasa AyA huaa| vikala = shithil| suvyavasthita = tthiik-tthiik| unnata = uThA huaa| kriyA vizvasiti = vizvAsa karatA hai| snihyati = sneha karatA hai| manyante = mAnate haiN| upagaccheyuH = pAsa aaeNge| upakramya = Arambha krke| pAlayati = pAlana karatA hai| AkarNya = sunakara / varteran = rheNge| adhicikSipuH = nIcA mAnane lge| upAkrasata = prArambha kiyaa| zrUyatAm = sunie| pratiSThitaH = cala pdd'aa| papraccha = puuchaa| prAyAt = claa| nirNIyatAm = nizcaya kiijie| paryaTaya = ghUmakara / upayujyate = upayoga kiyA jAtA hai|

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kathA meM Ae hue vizeSa zabdoM ke AdhyAtmika artha navadvAraM nagaram = shriir| sacivaH = mn| prakAzAnandaH = A~kha / sparzAnandaH = tvacA, cmdd'aa| saMllApAnandaH = vAk muNh| Anandavarman = jiivaatmaa| sArvabhauma = iishvr| saurabhAnandaH = naak| rasAnandaH = jihaa| ye artha vAstava meM ina zabdoM ke nahIM, apitu kathA ke prasaMga se mAnate hue haiM-yaha bAta pAThakoM ko dhyAna rakhanI caahie| (15) prabodhakRd rUpakam (15) jJAna denevAlI AlaGkArika kathA (1) asti vizvamaNDaleSu navadvAraM nAma (1) isa jagat-cakra meM nau daravAz2oM nagaram / tatra ca babhUva patiH AnandavarmA vAlA zahara hai| vahAM AnandavarmA nAmaka naam| rAjA huaa| (2) AsIcca' asya ko'pi sacivaH, (2) usakA koI eka maMtrI thA, aura anye ca niyojyA bhvH| anya sevaka bahuta kama the| (3) saralatamamatirasau' bhUpaH sarveSu (3) ati sarala buddhivAlA yaha rAjA api eteSu tathA vizvasiti, tathA ca ina sabake Upara vaisA hI vizvAsa rakhatA, sinnati, tathaiva caitAn pAlayati, yathaite aura sneha karatA, aura inako vaisA hI sarve'pi' pratyekaM vayameva bhUpAlA iti pAlatA, jisase ki ye saba (hara eka) 'hama manyante sm| hI rAjA haiM' aisA mAnate rhe| (4) gacchatA ca kAlena vibhavasaharjana (4) kucha samaya jAne para daulata ke anAtmajJabhAvena AkrAntAH sarve'pi svetaraM sAtha utpanna honevAle AtmaviSayaka nikRSTam AtmAnam eva ca pradhAnamanvAnAH, ajJAna se yukta hue saba apane se gaira AnandavarmANam api adhicikssipuH| ko nIca aura apane-Apako mukhya mAnate hue AnandavarmA ko bhI nIcA mAnane lge| (5) upAkrasata ca vivAdaM anyo'nyam / (5) prArambha huA jhagar3A eka-dUsare atha evaM vivadamAnA ete kamapi sArvabhaumam se| isa prakAra jhagar3ate hue ve kisI upagatya procuH-mahAbhAga, nirNIyatAM samrAT ke pAsa jAkara bole-he zreSTha, ko'smAsu pradhAna iti| nizcaya kIjie, kauna hamAre meM mukhya hai| 1. AsIt+ca / 2. kaH api| 3. niyojyAH bhvH| 4. mtiH+asau| 5. ca+etAn / 6. ythaa+ete| 1907. srve+api| 8. anyH+anym| 9. kH+asmaasu|

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(6) sArvabhaumaH prAha - bhadramukhAH, zrUyatAM tattvam / yuSmAsu yasmin apakrAnte sarve'pi yUyaM niHsAratAM, cAnupayuktatAM " copagaccheyuH ", sa eva pradhAnatamaH / 10 ( 7 ) tat kramazaH upakramya nizcIyatAM kaH pradhAna iti / tad AkarNya prasannAntarAH sarve'pi tathA kartu pratizrutavantaH / (8) arthateSu 12 prathamaM prAtiSThata ko'pi niyojyaH prakAzAnando" nAma / ( 9 ) A-vatsaraM ca dezAntare paryaTUya pratyAvRtto'yam 4 anyAn papraccha - kathaM vA bhavanto mayi gate'vartanta iti / ( 10 ) anye prAhuH - yathA eka-sadanavartiSu puruSeSu ekasmin mRte apare varteraMstathA iti / ( 11 ) tato'paraH sauramAnando nAma prAyAt / tasmin pratinivRtte sparzAnandaH, taduttaraM 7 rasAnandaH, tadanusaMllApAnandaH, tataH paraM sacivaH - iti evaM krameNa sarve'pi prasthAya, pratinivRtya ca vinA'Apa AtmAnam anveSAM avicchinnasukhazAlitAM pratyakSIcakra / ( 12 ) atha mahIpatiH AnandavarmA prasthAtum upAkramata / pratiSThamAna eSa" ca asmin vikala - vikalA vaha abhavan anye / (13) niHzrIkatAM ca avApuH Ucuzca" sAJjalibandham - bhavAn eva asmAsu (6) mahArAjAdhirAja ne kahA- sajjano, tattva suna lIjie / tumhAre andara se jisake jAne se tuma saba niHsattva aura nikamme ho jAo (ge), vahI sabameM zreSTha hai / ( 7 ) isalie krama se prArambha karake nizcaya kara lo ki kauna mukhya hai / yaha sunakara prasannacitta hokara sabane vaisA karane ke lie pratIjJA kI / (8) aba inameM se pahale nikala gayA eka naukara prakAzAnanda nAmavAlA / (9) eka varSa anya deza meM ghUma-ghAmakara lauTakara, yaha dUsaroM se pUchane lagA- kisa prakAra Apa mere jAne para rahe ( the ) ? (10) dUsare bole - jisa prakAra eka makAna meM rahanevAle puruSoM meM se eka ke marane para dUsare rahate haiM vaise / (11) taba (eka) dUsarA saurabhAnanda nAmavAlA cala pdd'aa| usake lauTa Ane para sparzAnanda, usake bAda rasAnanda, usake pIche sallApAnanda, pazcAt pradhAna (mantrI); isa prakAra krama se sabhI ne cale jAkara aura lauTa Akara apane binA dUsaroM ke sukha meM abheda-bhAva pratyakSa kiyaa| (12) bAda rAjA AnandavarmA calane lgaa| usake uThate hI zeSa galita-azakta ho ge| (13) aura zobhArahita ho ge| aura bolane lage hAtha jor3akara - Apa hI hamAre 10. ca+anupayu / 11. ca + upg| 12 atha+eteSu / 13. prakAzAnandaH + naam| 14 vRttaH+ayam / 15. bhavantaH+mayi / 16. varteran + tathA / 17. tad + ukrAram / 18. binA+api 119. maanH+ev| 20. UcuH+ca / 21 prayANa+ aayaas| 22. cetanAH+iva / 97

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98 pradhAnaH / tat kRtaM prayANAyAsena" / ( 14 ) bhavantam antarA hi nizcetanA" iva saMvRttAH sma iti / (15) tad AkarNya pratinyavartata zrImAn AnandavarmA bhUpAlaH / AsIcca yathApUrva suvyavasthitaM sarvam / (saMskRta - candrikA) samAsa - vivaraNa 1. prabodhakRt - prabodha jJAnaM karotIti prabodhakRt = jJAnakRt / 2. navadvAram -nava dvArANi yasmin tat - navadvAram = navadvArayuktam / 3. saralatamamatiH - atizayena saralA saralatamA / saralatamA matiH yasya saH- saralatamamatiH=saralatamabuddhiH / 4. vibhavasahajaH - vibhavena saha jAyate iti - vibhavasahajaH / 5. anAtmajJabhAvaH - AtmAnaM jAnAti iti AtmajJaH / na AtmajJaH=anAtmajJaH anAtmajJasya bhAvaH anAtmajJabhAvaH = AtmajJAnahInatA / 1. eSaH 2. etam, ( enam ) 3. etena, (enena) 4. etasmai 5. etasmAt 6. etasya 7. etasmin zreSTha ( haiM ) - basa, aba jAne ke kaSTa se basa / ( 14 ) Apake binA hama acetana jaise ho gae the) / 6. prasannAntarAH - prasannam antaram yeSAM te= prasannAntarAH - hRSThamanaskAH / 7. avicchinnasukhazAlitAM - avicchinnA sukhazAlitA = avicchinnasukhazAlitAm / ( 15 ) so sunakara vApasa AM gae - zrImAn AnandavarmA mahArAja / aura ho gayA pUrva ke samAna saba ThIka-ThAka / 1 (saMskRta-candrikA) 11 pATha 19 'etad' zabda pulliMga etau etau (enau etAbhyAm 17 etayoH, (enayoH) "" ete etAn ( enAn) etaiH etebhyaH "" eteSAm eteSu

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ime 'idam' zabda pulliMga 1. ayam imau 2. imam, (enam) imau, (enau) imAna, (enAn) 3. anena, (enena) AbhyAm ebhiH 4. asmai ebhyaH 5. asmAt 6. asya anayoH (enayoH) eSAm 7. asmin eSu 'prathama' zabda pulliMga 1. prathamaH prathamau prathame, prathamAH 2. prathamam prathamAn 3. prathamena prathamAbhyAm prathamaiH isake zeSa rUpa 'deva' zabda ke samAna hote haiM, kevala prathamA vibhakti ke bahuvacana ke do rUpa hote haiN| pATha solaha ke niyama 3 meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra 'dvitIya, tRtIya' ityAdi niyama 3 meM kahe hue zabdoM ke viSaya meM jAnanA caahie| 'dvitIya' zabda pulliMga 1. dvitIyaH dvitIyau dvitIye, dvitIyAH 2. dvitIyam 3. dvitIyena dvitIyAbhyAm dvitIyaiH 4. dvitIyasmai, dvitIyAya dvitIyebhyaH 5. dvitIyasmAt 6. dvitIyasya dvitIyayoH 7. dvitIyasmin, dvitIye " dvitIyeSu isI prakAra 'tRtIya' zabda ke rUpa banate haiN| isake 'dvitaya', 'tritaya' zabda tathA yahAM kahe hue 'dvitIya, tRtIya' zabda bhinna-bhinna haiM, yaha bAta bhUlanI nahIM caahie| isa prakAra sarvanAmoM ke rUpoM kA vicAra pUrA huaa| yahAM taka nAma, tathA sarvanAma kA jo vicAra huA hai, tathA jo-jo rUpa die haiM, ve saba pulliMga ke rUpa haiN| strIliMga tathA napuMsakaliMga zabdoM ke rUpa bhinna prakAra ke hote haiN| unakA varNana Age kiyA jaaegaa| dvitIyAn dvitIyAnAm 99

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100 niyama 1- padAnta ke 'tU' ke sAmane 'z' Ane se 'c' banatA hai tathA zakAra kA vikalpa 'ch' banatA hai / niyama 2 - padAnta ke 'nU' ke sAmane 'zU' Ane se 'J' banatA hai tathA zakAra kA vikalpa se 'cha' banatA hai| udAharaNa tat + zastram tazastram, tacchastram tAn + zAvakAn tAzAvakAnU, tAJchAvakAn niyama 3 - 'Ja aura z' ke bIca meM, tathA 'J aura cha' ke bIca meM vikalpa se 'ca' lagAyA jAtA hai / udAharaNa tAn + zatrUn pITha = = abhiSekaH snAna / rAjyAbhiSekaH rAjagaddI para baiThanA / hAraH = kaNThA, mAlA | muktAhAraH = motiyoM kA kaNThA / AdezaH = AjJA / kalazaH = loTA / kirITaH : mukuTa, taaj| bhrAtR = bhAI / poraH nAgarika / janapadaH = para / cAmaraH = ca~vara / = deza | mUrdhani = zira - = = = = prabhRti mukhya, prArambha / bhAryA (karor3a) saMkhyA, avasthA / = Asana / ratna = - tAJchatrUn, tAcchatrUn / zabda - pulliMga = strIliMga = = = napuMsakaliMga z2evara / vizeSaNa strI / muktA = zubha pavitra | divya = svargIya, uttama / vara = zreSTha / ratnamaya = ratnoM se bharA huaa| satyasandha = satya pratijJA karanevAlA / visRSTa = bhejA huaa| mahArha bahumUlya / pUjita satkAra kiyA huA / pUrNa bharA huA / zve safeda / dIna = anaath| bhUri = bahu / yathArha yogyatA ke anukUla / kriyA = = motI / koTi = koTi pratinivavRte = lauTa AyA ( vaha ) / AninyuH, samAninyuH = lAe (ve ) / dadhatuH (donoM ne) dhAraNa kiyaa| adhijagmuH (a) prApta hue / sannivezayAJcakAra =

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bitthlaayaa| preSaya = bhejo| nivedayAmAsa = nivedana kiyaa| abhiSiSicuH = abhiSeka kiyaa| nihatya = maarkr| niyojayAmAsa = niyukta kiyaa| jagrAha = pkdd'aa| samarpayAJcakAra = arpaNa kiyaa| (16) zrIrAmacandrasya rAjyAbhiSekaH (1) zrIrAmacandraH dazarathasya AdezAd vanaM gatvA tatra laGkAdhipati rAvaNaM nihatya, caturdaza-saMvatsarAnte, bhAryayA sItayA, bhrAtrA lakSmaNena, hanUmatprabhRtibhiH vAnaraiH ca saha ayodhyAM rAjadhAnI prtinivvRte| (2) tadA zrIrAmacandrasya mAtaraH, bharataH, zatrughnaH, mantriNaH, sakalAH paurAzca' Anandasya parAM koTim adhijagmuH / (3) tato bharataH sugrIvam uvAca-he prabho ! zrIrAmacandrasya abhiSekArthaM zubhaM sindhujalamAnetuM dUtAn Azu preSaya iti / (4) tadanu sugrIvo vAnarazreSThAn tasmin karmaNi niyojyaamaas| (5) te jalapUrNAn suvarNakalazAn satvaraM samAninyuH / (6) tatpazcAt d rAmasya abhiSekArthaM zatrughno vasiSThAya nivedayAmAsa / (7) tato vasiSTho muniH sItayA saha rAmaM ratnamaye pIThe sannivezayAJcakAra / (8) anantaraM sarve munayaH zrIrAmacandraM paavnjlairbhississicuH| (9) tatpazcAt mahArha ratnakirITaM vazI vasiSThaH zrIrAmacandrasya mUrdhani sthaapyaamaas| (10) tadAnIM rAmasya zIrSopari pANDuraM chatraM zatrughno jagrAha / (11) sugrIvavibhISaNau divye zvetacAmare dadhatuH / (12) tasmin kAle indraH paramaprItyA dhavalaM muktAhAraM zrIrAmacandrAya samarpayAJcakAra / (13) evaM prajAvatsale, satyasaMdhe, dharmAtmani rAmacandre rAjye abhiSicyamAne, sarve janapadAH Anandasya parAM koTiM gtaaH| (14) tasmin kAle rAmo dInebhyo' bhUridravyaM ddau| (14) tataH sugrIvAdayaH sarve tena yathArha puujitaaH| visRSTAzca / (1) (caturdaza-saMvatsarAnte) caudaha varSoM ke pazcAt / (bhrAtA lakSmaNena saha) bhrAtA lakSmaNa ke saath| (2) (zrIrAmacandrasya mAtaraH) zrIrAmacandra kI maataaeN| (sakalAH paurAH) nagara ke saba log| (Anandasya parAM koTiM adhijagmuH) Ananda kI uccatama avasthA ko prApta hue| (3) (dUtAnAzu preSaya) sevakoM ko zIghra bhejo| (4) (tasminkarmaNi niyojayAmAsa) usa kArya meM lagAe (samAninyuH) laae| (8) (pAvanajalaiH abhiSiSicuH) zuddha jaloM se abhiSeka kiyaa| (13) isa prakAra prajApAlaka, satyapratijJa dharmAtmA rAmacandra kA rAjya-abhiSeka hone ke samaya loga Ananda kI antima sImA taka pahuMca ge| 1. paurAH+gha / 2. jalaM+Anetum / 3. sugrIvaH+vAnara / 4. tt:+vsisstth.| 5. vsisstthH+muniH| 6. raamH+diine| 7. dInebhyaH bhuuri| 101

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samAsa-vivaraNa 1. sindhujalama-sindhoH jalaM siNdhujlm| 2. vAnarazreSThAn-vAnareSu zreSThAn vaanrshresstthaan| 3. jalapUrNAn-jalena pUrNaH, jalapUrNaH / tAna jalapUrNAn / 4. sugrIvavibhISaNau-sugrIvazca vibhISaNazca sugrIva vibhiissnnau| 5. pAvanajalam-pAvanaM jalam pAvanajalam / 6. muktAhAraH-muktAnAM haarH-muktaahaarH| 7. sugrIvAdayaH-sugrIvaH AdiryeSAM te sugriivaadyH| 8. satyasandhaH-satyaH (satya) sandho yasya saH satsandhaH styprtijny| pATha 20 yahAM taka pAThakoM ke unnIsa pATha samApta hue haiN| aba napuMsakaliMga nAmoM ke rUpa banAne kA kArya Arambha hotA hai| napuMsakaliMga zabda tRtIyA vibhakti se saptamI vibhakti taka prAyaH pulliMga zabda kI bhAMti hI calate haiM, kevala prathamA, dvitIyA meM pulliMga se bhinna aura paraspara prAyaH eka-se rUpa hote haiN| akArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'jJAna' zabda 1. jJAnam ___ jJAne jJAnAni sambodhana (he) jJAna 2. jJAnam 3. jJAnena jJAnAbhyAm jJAnaiH 4. jJAnAya jJAnebhyaH 5. jJAnAt 6. jJAnasya jJAnayoH jJAnAnAm 7. jJAne jJAneSu _ 'jJAna' zabda ke samAna hI phala, dhana, vana, kamala, gRha, nagara, bhojana, vastra, bhUSaNa ityAdi akArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabdoM ke rUpa hote haiN| 102

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6. " ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'vAri' zabda 1. vAri vAriNI vArINi sambodhana (he) vAre, vAri 2. vAri 3. vAriNA vAribhyAm vAribhiH 4. vAriNe vAribhyaH 5. vAriNaH vAriNoH vArINAm 7. vAriNi vAriSu ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'madhu' zabda 1. madhu madhunI madhUni sambodhana (he) madho, madhu 2. madhu 3. madhunA madhubhyAm madhubhiH 4. madhune madhubhyaH 5.. madhunaH 6. " madhunoH madhUnAm 7. madhuni madhunoH isI prakAra vastu, jantu, azru, vasu ityAdi ukArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabda calate madhuSu haiM ____ 1. zuci zucAni " ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'zuci' zabda zucinI sambodhana (he) zuce, zuci 2. zuci zucinI zucIni 3. zucinA zucibhyAm zucibhiH 4. zucaye, zucinaM zucibhyaH 5. zuceH, zucinaH 6. " " zucyoH, zucinoH zucInAm 7. zucau, zucini zuciSu isI prakAra anAdi, durmati, kumati, sumati ityAdi ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabda 103

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calate haiN| jina vibhaktiyoM ke do-do rUpa hote haiM, unakI ora pAThakoM ko vizeSa dhyAna denA caahie| zabda-pulliMga kuThAraH, parazuH = kulhaadd'aa| vilApaH = shok| kaNThaH = glaa| strIliMga sarit = ndii| mud = Ananda / mudA = Ananda se| buddhiH = jnyaanshkti| nadI = driyaa| nagarI = shhr| napuMsakaliMga zreyaH = klyaann| pAratoSikam = inaam| vRttam = vArtA, hkiikt| yantram = yaMtra, mshiin| kriyA prAtiSThata = rhaa| svIcakAra = svIkAra kiyaa| abhajat = sevana kiyaa| arodIt = royaa| udamajjat = jala se bAhara aayaa| nimajya = dduubkr| zuzoca = zoka kiyaa| AvirAsIt = prakaTa thaa| udgacchat = Upara aayaa| AjagAma = aayaa| nirbhaya' = nindA krke| akathayat = khaa| udadIdharan = Upara dhara diyaa| paridevitum = zoka karane ke lie| prAkrasta = prArambha kiyaa| adatvA = na dekr| vizeSaNa rAjata = cAMdI kaa| lunat = kaattnevaalaa| muktakaMTha = khule gale se| kuTila = kpttii| buddhipUrvaka = jaan-buujhkr| zreyaskara = kalyANa kaark| __(17) zreyaH satye pratiSThitam __ (1) kasyacit puruSasya ekaM vRkSaM lunato hastAt sahasA nisRtaH kuThAro jlm'bhjt| (2) tataH sa zuzoca, muktakaNThaM ca arodiit| (3) tasya vilApaM zrutvA vrunnHaaviraasiit| (4) taM varuNaM sa puruSaH zokakAraNam akthyt| (5) tadA varuNo jalAntaH pravizya suvarNamayaM kuThAraM hastena AdAya udmjjt| tasmai puruSAya taM kuThAraM 1041. kutthaarH+jlN| 2. vrunnH+aavi.|

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darzayitvA pRcchati-re ! kimayaM te parazuH ? iti| (6) sa uvAca-nAyaM madIya iti| tataH bhUyo'pi nimajya rAjataM kuThAraM uddiidhrt| (7) taM dRSTvA , nAyam api mama iti sa uvaac| (8) tRtIye unmajjane tathya naSTaM kuThAraM gRhItvodagacchat / taM sa mudA sviickaar| (9) tadA tasya puruSasya saralatAM dRSTvA saMtuSTo varuNaH suvarNa-rAjatau dvau api kuThArau tasmai pAritoSikatvena ddau| (10) vRttam etat zrutvA kazcit kuTilo manuSyaH saritaM gatvA svakIya-kuThAraM buddhipUrvakaM salile apAtayat / kuThAranAzaM satyIkRtya paridevituM prAkrasta / tacchrutvA yathApUrvaM varuNa aajgaam| (11) sa salile nimajya sauvarNa parazum AdAya apRcchat-kim ayaM te parazuH iti (12) taM suvarNaparazuM dRSTvA tasya buddhibhraMzo sNjaatH| (13) sa (NamuvAca-vADham ayameva mama kuThAra iti| (14) evamuktvA lobhena varuNAsya hastAt tam AdAtuM pravRkrAH / (15) tadA varuNAstaM nirbhartya, survaNakuThAram adatvA, tasya kuThAramapi tasmai na ddau| (1) (vRkSaM lunataH) vRkSa kATanevAle kaa| (2) (muktakaNThaM arodIt) khule gale se royaa| (3) (varuNaH AvirAsIt) varuNa prakaTa huaa| (6) (nAyaM madIyaH) yaha merA nhiiN| (bhUyo'pi nimajya) phira DubakI lgaakr| (9) (pAritoSikatvena dadau) inAma ke taura para die| (10) (kuThAra-nAzaM satyIkRtya) kulhAr3e kA nAza satya krke| (13) (bADhaM)-saca, nizcaya se| (14) (AdAtuM pravRttaH) lene ke lie taiyAra huaa| samAsa-vivaraNa 1. zokakAraNam-zokasya kAraNaM shokkaarnnm| shokpryojnm| 2. saralAtAm-saralasya bhAvaH saralatA (saralatvam, taam| 3. buddhaH bhraMzaH buddhibhrNshH| pATha 21 ukArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'laghu' zabda 1. laghu laghunI laghUni sambodhana (he) lagho, laghu 2. laghu 3. laghunA, laghvA laghubhyAm laghubhiH " 3. bhuuyH+api| 4. mm+iti| 5. gRhiitvaaH+udg.| 6. tt+shrRtvaa| 7. vrunnH+tN|

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106 laghave, laghu laghoH, 4. 5. 6. laghUnAm 7. ghu laghuSu laghu athavA zuci vizeSaNa haiM / vizeSaNoM kA koI apanA khAsa liMga nahIM hotaa| jahA~ ye vizeSaNa pulliMga zabda kA guNa varNana karate haiM, vahA~ ye pulliMga zabda ke samAna calate haiM tathA jahA~ ye napuMsakaliMga zabda ke guNoM kA varNana karate haiM, vahA~ napuMsakaliMga zabdoM ke samAna calate haiN| pulliMga meM 'zuci' zabda ke 'hari' zabda ke samAna rUpa hote haiM tathA laghu zabda ke bhAnu zabda ke samAna / pATha 20 meM zuci zabda kA tathA isa pATha meM napuMsakaliMga laghu zabda ko calAne kA DhaMga batAyA gayA hai / 2. 3. 1. sambodhana he 11 1. kati sambodhana (he) kati ka katibhiH 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. laghu zabda kI hI taraha napuMsakaliMga, pRthu, guru, Rju, ityAdi zabdoM ke rUpa banate haiN| 'kati' zabda tInoM liMgoM meM eka jaisA calatA hai tathA vaha hamezA bahuvacana hotA hai| dadhi 11 laghunaH dadhnA dadhne dadhnaH 29 "" na 27 laghvoH laghunoH "" 37 'kati' zabda (4) (5) (7) ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'dadhi' zabda dadhinI "" dadhibhyAm laghubhyaH 17 "" dadhnoH 77 katimyaH "" tInAm tiSu dadhIni "" dadhibhiH dadhibhyaH 19 dadhInAm dadhiSu

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sakArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'manas' zabda 1. manaH manAMsi sambodhana (he)" manasI dhAtRbhiH #io dhAtRSu tRtIyA vibhakti se isake 'candramas' zabdavat rUpa hote haiN| 'payas, mahas, vacas, zreyas, tarasa, tamas, rajas' ityAdi zabdoM ke rUpa isI prakAra banate haiN| RkArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'dhAtR' zabda __ 1. dhAtR dhAtRNI dhAtRNi sambodhana (he) dhAtaH, dhAtR 2. dhAtR dhAtrA, dhAtRNA dhAtRbhyAm dhAtre, dhAtRNe dhAtRbhyaH dhAtuH, dhAtRNaH dhAtroH, dhAtRNoH dhAtRNAm dhAtari, dhAtRNi isI prakAra 'kartR, neta, jJAtR' ityAdi RkArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabdoM ke rUpa calate haiN| zabda-pulliMga jalAzayaH = taalaab| matsyaH = mchlii| pratyutpannamatiH = sthiti utpanna hone para smjhnevaalaa| vidhAtA = krnevaalaa| anAgata-vidhAtA = bhaviSya ko lakSya meM rakhakara krnevaalaa| yadbhaviSyaH = daivvaadii| matsyajIvin = dhiivr| napuMsakaliMga prabhAta = sveraa| abhISTa = icchit| vizeSaNa anveSita = DhUMDhA huaa| atikrAnta = gayA huaa| kriyA pratibhAti = mAlUma hotA hai| vihasya = hNskr|

Page #257
(18) yadbhaviSyo vinazyati (1) kasmiMzcit' jalAzaye, anAgatavidhAtA, pratyutpannamatiH yadbhaviSyazceti' trayo matsyAH santi / (2) atha kadAcit taM jalAzayaM dRSTvA AgacchadbhiH matsyajIvibhiH ktm| (3) yad aho, bahumatsyo'yaM hRdaH ! kadAcit api nA'smAbhiranveSitaH / tad adya AhAravRttiH sNjaataa| sandhyAsamayazca' saMbhUtaH / tataH prabhAte'tra Agantavyamiti nishcyH| (4) atasteSAM , tad vajrapAtopamaM vacaH samAkarNya anAgatavidhAtA sarvAn matsyAn AhUya idam Uce-(5) aho, zrutaM bhavadbhiryat' matsyajIvibhiH abhihitm| tad rAtrau eva kiJcit gamyatAM samIpavarti srH| (6) tat nUnaM prabhAtasamaye matsyajIvino'tra samAgatya matsyasaMkSayaM krissynti| (7) etat mama manasi vrtte| tat na yuktaM sAmprataM kSaNam api atraa'vsthaatum"| (8) tad AkarNya pratyutpannamatiH prAha-aho satyamabhihitaM bhvtaa| mamA'pi abhISTam etat / tad anyatra gmytaam| (9) atha tat samAkarNya, proccaiH| vihasya yadbhaviSyaH provAca / (10) aho na bhavadbhyAM mantritaM samyagetat / yataH kiM teSAM vAGmAtreNApi pitRpaitAmahikaM sara etat tyaktuM yujyte| (11) tad yad AyuHkSayo'sti tad anyatra gatAnAmapi mRtyubhaviSyati eva / tadahaM na yaasymi| bhavadbhyAM yat pratibhAti tat kaarym| (12) atha tasya taM nizcayaM jJAtvA anAgatavidhAtA, pratyupannamatizca niSkrAntau saha prijnen| (13) atha prabhAte (1) kisI eka tAlAba meM anAgatavidhAtA, pratyutpannamati tathA yadbhaviSya isa nAma ke tIna matsya the| (2) (Agacchadbhi matsya-jIvibhiH ktam) Ane vAle dhIvaroM ne khaa| (3) (bahumatsyaH ayaM hRdaH) yaha tAlAba bahuta machaliyoMvAlA hai| (AhAravRttiH saMjAtA)-bhojana kA prabandha ho gyaa| (prabhAte atra Agantavyam) savere yahAM AnA caahie| (4) (vajrapAtopamaM vacaH) vajra ke AghAta ke samAna bhaassnn| (5) (gamyatAM samIpavartisaraH)-jAie pAsa ke tAlAba ke paas| (8) (mamApi abhISTa-metat)-mujhe bhI yahI iSTa hai| (tatsamAkarNya proccaiH vihasya provAca)-yaha sunakara UMcA haMsakara bolaa| (10) (samyagetat) yahI ThIka hai| (kiM teSAM vAGmAtreNApi pitRpaitAmahikaM saraH etat tyaktuM yujyate) kyA nake bar3abar3Ane se hamAre bApa-dAdA ke sambandha kA yaha tAlAba chor3anA acchA hai| (11) (bhavadbhyAM ca yatpratibhAti tatkAryam) Apa jaisA cAhate 1. ksmin+cit| 2. bhvissyH+c| 3. trayaH+matsyAH / 4. mtsyH+ayN| 5. n+asmaabhiH| 6. asmAbhiH+ / anvessitH| 7. smyH+c| 8. prbhaate+atr| 9. atH+tessaaN| 10. bhavadbhiH +yt| 11. atr+avsthaa.| 100 12. mm+api| 13. pr+uccaiH| 14. kSayaH asti|

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taimatsyajIvibhi"jalistaM" jalAzayam AloDya yadbhaviSyeNa saha sa jalAzayo nirmatsyatAM niitH| samAsa-vivaraNa 1. jalAzayaH-jalasya AzayaH jlaashyH| 2. matsyajIvibhiH-matsyaiH jIvanti iti mtsyjiivinH| taiH mtsyjiivibhiH| 3. bahumatsyaH-bahavaH matsyAH yasmin saH bahumatsyaH / 4. samIpavarti-samIpaM vartate iti smiipvrti| 5. pratyutpannamatiH-pratyutpanna matiH yasya saH prtyutpnnmtiH| 6. nirmatsyatA-nirgatAH matsyAH yasmAt s=nirmtsyH| nirmatsyasya bhAvaH nirmtsytaa| pATha 22 SakArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'dhanuS' zabda sambodhana dhanuH dhanuSI dhanUMSi dhanuSA dhanubhyAm dhanurbhiH 4. dhanuSe dhanurdhyaH 'candramas' zabda ke samAna hI isake rUpa hote haiN| isI prakAra 'cakSuS, haviS' ityAdi zabdoM ke rUpa banAne caahie| nakArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'nAman' zabda sambodhana nAma nAmnI, nAmanI nAmAni 2.) haiM vaisA kiijie| (12) (sahaparijanena) parivAra ke saath| (13) (sa jalAzayaH nirmatsyatAM nItaH) vaha tAlAba matsyahIna kiyaa| 15. taiH+mtsy| 16. jiivibhiH+jaalaiH| 17. jAlaiH+taM /

Page #259
3. nAmnA nAmabhyAm nAmabhiH 4. nAmne nAmabhyaH 5. nAmnaH 6. nAmnaH nAmnoH nAmnAm 7. nAmni, nAmani nAmnoH nAmasu isI prakAra 'loman, sAman, vyoman, preman' ityAdi zabda calate haiN| nakArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'ahan' zabda sambodhana mAno ahaH ahanI ahAni ___4. ahrA ahobhyAm ahobhiH ahe ahobhyaH ahaH ahroH ahAm ahani ahassu takArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'jagat' zabda sambodhana jagat jagati jaganti 2.) jagatA jagadbhyAm jagadbhiH isI prakAra 'pRSat' ityAdi zabda calate haiN| ikArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'akSi' zabda 1. akSi akSiNI akSINi sambodhana he " akSe 2. " ___3. akSNA akSibhyAm akSibhiH 4. akSNe akSNaH 6. " akSNAm akSNi, akSaNi " akSiSu he" akSibhyaH akSNoH

Page #260
5 isI prakAra 'asthi, sakthi' Adi zabdoM ke rUpa hote haiN| asthi asthinI asthIni asthamA asthibhyAm asthibhiH asthane asthibhyAm asthibhyaH asthnaH asthanAm asthini, asthani " asthiSu sakArAnta napuMsakaliMga 'Ayus' zabda AyuH AyuSI AyUMSi sambodhana #i & asthanoH " " + 6 AyuSA AyuAm AyurbhiH AyuSe AyurvyaH AyuSaH AyuSoH AyuSAm AyuSi AyuSSu isI prakAra 'arcis' zabda ke rUpa banate haiN| pAThaka inake sAtha pulliMga zabdoM ke rUpoM kI tulanA kareM, aura vizeSa bAtoM kA dhyAna rkheN| zabda-kriyAeM krItvA = qharIdakara / upadekSyAmi = upadeza karUMgI (gaa)| niSpAya = taiyAra krke| prAbhAtikaM = savere smbndhii| avajJAtum = dhikkAra karane ke lie| arhasi = (tU) yogya hai| prayatiSye = prayatna kruuNgaa| zrAmayAmi = kaSTa dUMgI (gaa)| vilokyatAm = dekhie| nirvizyatAm = ghusa jaaie| niSedhati = pratibandha karatA hai| arjayati = kamAtA hai| vilokya = dekhkr| pratipadyate = mAnatI hai| utsahe = mujhe utsAha hotA hai| hIyate = nyUna hotA hai| nirmAtum = utpanna karane ke lie| prabhavet = samartha ho| vibhajya = baaNttkr| aMgIkRtya = svIkAra karake / vismApayanti = Azcarya yukta karate haiN| zabda-pulliMga zilpI = kArIgara / zramaH = kaSTa, mehanata / pANiH = hAtha / vibhAgaH = hissA, ... baaNtt| pAdaH = paaNv| sarvAtmanA = tana-mana se| vipazcit = vidvaan|

Page #261
strIliMga dRSTi = nj'r| yAtrA = gmn| cintA = phikr| gRhiNI = gRhptnii| saMsArayAtrA = duniyA kA jiivn-vyvhaar| zruti = zravaNa, sunnaa| napuMsakaliMga tala = UparalA hissaa| mUla = jdd'| prabhAta = saverA / vastujAta = vastuoM kA smuuh| Atmabala = apanI shkti| nidarzana = udaahrnn| bIja = biij| ziraH = sira / sAhAyya = madada / lokArAdhana = lokasevA / udara = peTa / naipuNya = nipunntaa| vizeSaNa prAbhAtika = savere kaa| sugama = AsAna / sAdhya = siddha karane yogya / Akula = kssttmy| sujAta = acchA paidA huaa| nivRtta = ho gyaa| susaMskRta = uttama banAyA huaa| samyak = ThIka / AtmabalAtiga = apanI zakti se bAhara ke| adbhuta = aashcrykaark| bahumata = bahutoM kA maany| iyat = itnaa| vibhakta = bAMya huaa| susaha = sahane yogy| prIta = sNtusstt| ___(19) zrama-vibhAga (1) rukmiNI-sakhi kamale ! zvaH prabhAte me bahu karaNIyam tat kathaM nivartaye iti cintAkulaM me mnH| (2) kamalA-kAtra cintaa| ahaM tava sAhAyyaM kariSyAmi, narmadAmapi tatkartumupadekSyAmi' / ityAvayoH sAhAyyena sulabhA kaarysiddhiH| (3) rukmiNI-api narmadA pratipadyate ttkrtum| yAvattA meva pRcchaami-api| narmade, prabhAte mama bahu karaNIyam, kaccidalpa'sAhAyyaM krissysi| REATENERGARNEAARISeisanrabhaastanisha (1) (me bahu karaNIyam)-mujhe bahuta kArya hai| (kathaM nivartaye) kaisA kiyA jaae| (2) (kAtra cintA)-kauna-sI yahAM cintaa| (ityAvayoH sAhAyyena sulabhA kAryasiddhiH)-isa prakAra hama donoM ke sahAyya se kArya kI siddhi sugama hogii| (3) (api narmadA pratipadyato kyA narmadA maanegii| (kaMccidalpa) kucha thodd'aa| (4) (tannakartumutsahe) vaha karane ke lie (maiM) utsAhita nahIM huuN| (prabhAtikam) savere kA kaary| (5) (avajJAtum arhasi) apamAna karane ke lie yogya ho| (anyonya-sahAyyam) paraspara madada krnii| (sAhAyyaM 1121. krtum+upde.| 2. iti+aavyoH| 3. yaavt+taam+evN| 4. kccid+alpm|

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(4) narmadA-tataH ko me lAbhaH ? tanna kartumutsahe ! punarma mApi prAbhAtikam astyeva / tat kA kariSyati ? (5) kamalA-sakhi narmade ! maiva rukmiNI vacaH avajJAtum arhasi / anyo'nyasAhAyyaM mnussydhrmH| tat sAhAyyaM kurvantyAH tava kiM hIyate ? tava gRhakRtyaM ca alpam / tat pazcAdapi ekAkinyA sukaram / tatrApi ced anyApekSA ahaM sAhAyyaM krissyaami| (6) narmadA-na zrAmayAmi tvaam| aham eva ekAkinI tallaghulaghusamApya vizrAntisukhaM kathaM na anubhveym| (7) kamalA-sukhaM nirvizyatAM vizrAntisukham / tathA kartuM kA nissedhti| paraM etAvadeva pRcchAmi tava gRhakRtyaM tvam ekAkinI laghutaraM kariSyase kim ! . (8) narmadA-asaMzayaM tvadvitIyA ev| (9) kamalA-tarhi, sAhAyyaM kimiti nAnumanyase ? (10) narmadA-svAvalambam eva ahaM bahu manye, na parasAhAyyam, aatmblenaiv| sarvAH kriyA nivrtyaami| (11) rukmaNI-Arye narmade ! svAvalambaH mamApi bahumataH / kintu AtmabalAtige kurvantyAstava kiM hIyate) madada karane se tumhArI kyA hAni hai ? (ekakinyA sukara) akelI se bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| (ceyam anyApekSA) agara dUsare kI jarUrata hai| (6) (na zrAmayAmi tvAm) tumako kaSTa nahIM duuNgii| (tallaghulaghu samApya) vaha jaldI-jaldI samApta krke| (7) (sukhaM nirvizyatAM vizrAnti-sukham) ArAma se lIjie vizrAma kA Ananda (laghutaraM kariSyase) adhika jaldI kregii| (8) (asaMzayaM tvadvitIyA eva) nissaMzaya akelI hii| (9) (kimiti nAnumanyase) kyoM nahIM maantii| (11) (svAvalambam eva ahaM bahumanye) apane Upara hI nirbhara rahanA-mujhe bahuta pasanda hai| (eka puruSasAdhyAH sakalAH kriyAH)-eka manuSya se siddha honevAle saba kaary| (nirmAtuM na prabhavet)-utpanna karane ke lie samartha nahIM hogaa| (ataH vipazcitaH-parizIlayanti)-isalie vidvAna paraspara meM zramoM ko bAMTakara eka-eka bAta ko hI apanI-sI karake usI ko tana-mana se vicArate haiN| (tasmin-sukhakarI bhavati)-usI meM pravINatA saMpAdana karake loka-sevA ke lie pravRtta hote haiN| isa prakAra zrama-vibhAga se saMsAra-yAtrA sukhamaya hotI hai| (para-rASTrANA) dUsare dezoM kii| (12) (AphalodayakarmANaH) phala prApta hone taka kAma 5. krtum+utshe| 6. asti+ev| 7. mA+evaM / 8. etAvad+eva / 9. tu+advitiiyaa| 10. n+anu| 11. balena ev| 12. mm+api| -

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kArye parasAhAyyaprArthanam AvazyakaM bhavati narhi ekapuruSasAdhyAH sakalAH kriyAH / ko'pi " gRhavastrAdikaM svayameko" nirmAtuM na prabhavet / kimuta ca tattat zilpisaMdhanirmitam eva subhagam ! ataH vipazcitaH parasparaM zramAn vibhajya ekaikameva viSayam aGgIkRtya, taM sarvAtmanA parizIlayanti / tasmin naipuNyaM upagatAH ca, lokA'rAdhanAya pravartante / evaM zramavibhAgena saMsArayAtrA sukhakarI bhavati / ( 12 ) kamalA - paricintyatAM pararASTrANAm udyogapaddhatiH / AphalodayakarmANa udyamazIlA yUropIyAH nijAdbhutakRtyaiH lokAn vismApayanti / susaMskRtaM sujAtaM ca vastujAtaM nirmitatAM teSAm zramavibhAga eva bIjam / (13) rukmiNI - pANitalasthe nidarzane, kuta iyaddUram " ? asmAkaM gRhavyavasthA eva sUkSmadRSTyA vilokyatAm / gRhapatiH sakalArambhamUlaM dhanam arjayati / tena ca dhAnyAdi vastujAtaM krItvA gRhiNyai samarpayati / sA tatsAdhu vyavasthApya, pAkAdi ca niSpAdya sakalaM kuTumbaM sukhayati / so'yaM jIvanakramaH zramavibhAgena eva sukhakaro bhavati nAnyathA / vibhaktaH khalu zramo'tIva 7 susaho bhUtvA mahate phalodayAya kalpate / ( 14 ) narmadA - sphuTataram ajJAsiSaM zramavibhAgatatvam / yuvAbhyAM vivRtaM ca tat samyak praviSTaM me hRdayam / adhunA zirasA dhArayAmi yuvayoH vacaH / yAvacchakyaM, tava arthasAdhane prayatiSye / (15) rukmiNI - prItAsmi yuvayoH paramAdareNa samAsa - vivaraNa 1. cintAkulam - cintayA Akulam = cintAkulam / 2. kAryasiddhiH - kAryasya siddhiH = kAryasiddhiH / karanevAle / (nijAdbhutakRtyairlokAn vismApayanti ) - apane adbhuta kAmoM se dUsaroM ko Azcarya yukta karate haiM / ( 13 ) ( pANitalasthe nidarzane kuta iyaddUram) - hAtha ke tale para kA padArtha dekhane ke lie itanA dUra kyoM (jAnA hai) / (sakalArambhamUlaM) saMpUrNa kAryoM ke prArambha meM upayogI - jisase sakala kArya bana sakate haiM / ( pAkAdi niSpAdya) anna pakAkara / (vibhaktaH zramaH susaha bhavati) bAMTA huA zrama sahA jA sakatA hai / (mahate phalodayAya kalpate) - mahAna phala prApti ke lie hotA hai| ( 14 ) ( sphuTataram ajJASim ) adhika spaSTatA se jAna liyA / (yuvAbhyAM vivRtam) tuma donoM se samajhAyA huA / (zirasA dhArayAmi yuvayorvacaH) zira se dharatI hUM tuma donoM kA bhASaNa / (tava arthasAdhane prayatiSye) tumhArA kArya siddha karane meM prayatna kruuNgii| ( 15 ) ( prItAsmi yuvayoH paramAdareNa ) khuza ho gaI hUM tuma donoM ke bar3e Adara se / 114 13. kaH+api / 14. svayaM + ekaH / 15. vibhAgaH +ev| 16. iyat + dUraM / 17. zramaH + atIva /

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3. rukmiNIvacaH - rukmiNyAH vacaH = rukmiNIvacaH / 4. anyApekSA - anyasya apekSA = anyApekSA / 5. laghutaram - atizayena laghu = laghutaram / 6. AtmabalAtige - AtmanaH balam = Atmabalam / Atmabalam atikramya gacchati tat = AtmabalAtigam, tasmin / 7. zilpisaMghanirmitaM-zilpinAm saMghaH = zilpisaMgha / zilpisaGghena nirmitaM=zilpisaGghanirmitam / 8. AphalodayakarmANaH = phalasya udayaH = phalodayaH / phalodayaparyanta karma yeSAM te = Aphalodaya-karmANaH / 1 9. pANitalasthaH- pANeH talaH=pANitalaH / pANitale tiSThatIti = pANitalasthaH / 10. sUkSmadRSTiH - sUkSmA cAsau dRSTizca = sUkSmadRSTiH / pATha 23 sarvanAmoM ke napuMsakaliMga meM kaise rUpa hote haiM, isakA jJAna isa pATha meM diyA jA rahA hai| sarvanAmoM ke tRtIyA se saptamI paryanta vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa pUrvokta pulliMga sarvanAmoM ke samAna hI hote haiN| kevala prathamA, dvitIyA ke rUpoM kI vizeSatA hI pAThakoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanI hogI / } 'sarva' zabda (napuMsakaliMga) 1. sambodhana 'carama, 1 sarvam sarva sarve 77 2. sarvam zeSa rUpa 'sarva' zabda ke pulliMga rUpoM ke samAna hote haiN| isI prakAra 'vizva', 'eka', 'ubha', 'ubhaya' inake rUpa hote haiN| 'ubha' zabda dvivacana meM hI calatA hai tathA 'ubhaya' ke lie dvivacana nahIM hai / sarvANi 17 27 71 isI prakAra 'pUrva, para, avara, dakSiNa, uttara, apara, adhara, sva, antara, nema' ityAdi zabda calate haiM / 'sva', 'antara' ke viSaya meM jo kucha pahale likhA hai, use dhyAna meM rakhanA caahie| 'prathama' zabda 'jJAna' ke samAna hI napuMsaka meM calatA hai| isI prakAra dvitaya, tritaya, catuSTaya, paJcataya, alpa, ardha, katipaya' ityAdi zabda calate 115

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116 'dvitIya, tRtIya' bhI sarvanAma 'sarva' zabda ke samAna hI napuMsakaliMga meM calate haiM / 'yat' zabda (napuMsakaliMga) 1. yat 99 2. zeSa rUpa pulliMga 'yat' zabda ke samAna hote haiM I isI prakAra 'anya, anyatara, itara, katara, katama, tva' ityAdi sarvanAmoM ke napuMsakaliMga meM rUpa hote haiM / 'anyatama' zabda napuMsakaliMga meM 'jJAna' ke samAna calatA hai / kim 1. 2. 1. 2. anya rUpa pulliMga 'kim' zabda ke samAna hote haiM / 'tat' zabda (napuMsakaliMga) 1.-2. ye "" 17 'kim' zabda (napuMsakaliMga) ke yAni 77 adaH "" 1.-2. tAni tat anya rUpa 'tat' zabda ke pulliMgI rUpoM ke samAna hote haiM / 'etat' zabda (napuMsakaliMga) kAni 1. etat ete etAni 2. ete, ene, etAni enAni etat, enat, anya rUpa 'etat' zabda ke pulliMgI rUpoM ke samAna hote haiM / 'idam ' zabda (napuMsakaliMga) idam ime idam, enat ime, ene anya rUpa pulliMga 'idam' zabda ke samAna hote haiM / 'adas' zabda (napuMsakaliMga) amU "" imAna imAni nAnI amUni

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6 __anya rUpa pulliMga 'adas' ke samAna hote haiN| 'dvi' zabda dvivacana meM hI calatA hai| isake prathamA, dvitIyA meM 'dve' rUpa hotA hai| tRtIyAdi vibhakti ke anya rUpa pulliMga ke samAna hote haiN| 'tri' zabda bahuvacana meM hI calatA hai| 'trINi' yaha rUpa prathamA tathA dvitIyA meM hotA hai| anya rUpa pulliMga ke samAna hote haiN| 'catura' zabda bahuvacanAnta hI hai| 'catvAri', yaha rUpa prathamA dvitIyA meM hotA hai| zeSa pulliMga ke samAna haiN| ___ 'paJcan, SaT, saptan, dazan' ke rUpa pulliMga ke samAna hI napuMsakaliMga meM bhI hote haiN| kevala 'aSTa' zabda ke napuMsakaliMga meM pulliMga ke bhinna rUpa hote haiN| 1. aSTa 4-5 aSTabhyaH 2. aSTa aSTAnAm 3. aSTAbhiH aSTasu 'zata, sahasra, Ayuta, lakSa, prayuta' ye napuMsakaliMga meM 'jJAna' zabda ke samAna calate haiN| zabda-pulliMga sandhiH = sulaha, maitrii| yazasvin = yazavAlA, kIrtimAn / vyAghra = sher| puruSavyAghraH = puruSoM meM shresstth| pitryaMzaH = paitRka (dhana) kA hissaa| vigrahaH = yuddh| bharatarSabhaH = bharata (vaMza meM) shresstth| purocanaH = eka puruSa kA naam| vajrabhRtaH = vajra uThAnevAlA arthAt indr| napuMsakaliMga paitRka = pitA smbndhii| kilviSa = pApa / aphala = niSphala / kSema = klyaann| kriyA rocate = pasanda hai| kriyate = kiyA jAtA hai| pradIyatAm = diijiye| dhriyante = dhAraNa kiye jAte haiN| AtiSTha = rho| vizeSaNa madhura = miitthaa| nirasta = alaga kiyaa| sammantavyam = sammAna yogy| tulya = smaan|

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anya vizeSataH = qhAsakara | asaMzayam = niHsaMzaya / kathaJcana = diSTyA = sudaiva se| ( 20 ) bhISmo dhRtarASTrAdIn sandhimupadizati na rocate vigraho me pANDaputraiH kathaJcana / yathaiva dhRtarASTro me tathA pANDurasaMzayam' / / gAndhAryAzca yathA putrAstathA kuntIsutA mama / yathA ca mama te rakSyA dhRtarASTra tathA tava / / 2 / / duryodhana, yathA rAjyaM tvamidaM tAta pazyasi / mama paitRkamityeva te'pi pazyanti pANDavAH / / 3 / / yadi rAjyaM na te prAptaM pANDaveyA yazasvinaH / kutaH tava tavApIdaM' bhAratasyApi kasyacit / / 4 / / adharmeNa ca rAjyaM tvaM prAptavAn bharatarSabha / te'pi rAjyamanuprAptAH pUrvameveti me matiH / / 5 / / kisI prakAra / ( 20 ) bhISmapitAmaha kA dhRtarASTrAdi ko sulaha kA upadeza (pANDuputraiH saha pANDavoM ke sAtha / (vigrahaH) yuddha, jhagar3A / ( kathaJcana ) kisI prakAra bhI / ( me na rocate ) mujhe pasanda nahIM / (yathA eva me dhRtarASTraH) jaisA mere lie dhRtarASTra hai / (tathA asazayaM pANDuH) vaisA hI nizcaya se pANDu hai / / 1 / / (yathA ca gAndhAryAH putrAH) aura jaise gAMdhArI ke putra / ( tathA mama kuntI - sutAH) vaise hI mere lie kuntI ke lar3ake haiM / (yathA ca mama te rakSyAH) aura, jaise mujhe ve rakSaNIya haiM / (dhRtarASTra, tathA tava) he dhRtarASTra ! vaise hI tumhAre haiM / / 2 / / (duryodhana) he duryodhana ! ( tAta) he priya (yathA tvaM idaM rAjyaM ) jaisA tuma yaha rAjya ( mama paitRkaM iti) mere pitA kA hai aisA, (pazyasi ) dekhate ho ( evaM te pANDavAH api) isa prakAra ve pAMDava bhI dekhate haiM / / 3 / / (te yazasvinaH pANDaveyAH) ve kIrttimAn pAMDava (yadi rAjyaM na prAptam) agara 118 1. ythaa+ev| 2. pANDuH + asaM / 3. gAndhAryAH+ca / 4 putrAH+tathA / 5. tvaM + idaM / 6. paitRkaM + iti+evaM | 7. tava+api+idam / 8 te + api / 9 pUrvam+eva+iti /

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madhureNaiva rAjyasya teSAma) pradIyatAm / etaddhi puruSavyAghra, hitaM sarvajanasya c||6|| ato'nyathA cet kriyate, na hitaM na bhvissyti| tvaapykiirtiH| sakalA bhaviSyati na sNshyH||7|| kIrtirakSaNamAtiSTha kIrtirhi paramaM balam / naSTakIrtermanuSyasya' jIvitaM hyaphalaM smRtam / / 8 / / diSTyA dhriyante pArthA'" hi, diSTyA jIvati sA pRthaa| diSTyA purocanaH pApo, na sakAmo'tyayaM gtH||9|| na manyeta tathA loko doSeNAtra purocanam / yathA tvAM puruSavyAghra loko doSeNa gcchti|| 10 / / tadidaM jIvitaM teSAM tava kilviSanAzanam / sammantavayaM mahArAja pANDavAnAM sudarzanam / / 11 / / na cApi teSAM vIrANAM jIvatAM, kurunndn| pitryaMzaH zakya AdAtumapi vajrabhRtA svayam / / 12 / / rAjya ko prApta na hue (kutaH tava api ida) tumako bhI yaha kaise prApta hogA (bhAratasya api kasyacit) kisI bhArata ke lie bhI kaise milegaa|| 4 / / (bharatarSabha) he bharata-zreSTha ! (tvam adharmeNa rAjyaM prAptavAn) tuma adharma se rAjya ko prApta ho gaye ho| (te api pUrvam eva) ve bhI pahile hI (rAjyamanuprAptAH) rAjya ko prApta hue (iti me matiH) aisA merA mata hai|| 5 / / (madhureNa eva) mIThepana se hI (rAjyasya adha) rAjya kA AdhA bhAga (teSAM pradIyatAm) unako diijie| (puruSavyAghra) he puruSa-zreSTha ! (hi etat sarvajanasya hitam) kAraNa ki yahI saba lokoM kA hitakArI hai|| 6 / / (cet anyathA kriyate) agara isase bhinna kiyA jAya (naH hitaM na bhaviSyati) hamArA hita nahIM hogaa| (tava api sakalAH akIrtiH) terI bhI duSkIrti (bhaviSyati na saMzayaH) hogI isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN||7|| (kItirakSaNam AtiSTha) kIrti kI rakSA kro| (kIrttiH hi paramaM balam) kAraNa ki kIrti hI bar3A bala hai| (hi naSTakIrteH manuSyasya) kAraNa ki jisakI kIrti nAza huI hai, aise manuSya kA (jIvitam aphalaM smRtam) jIvana niSphala hai, aisA kahate haiN|| 8 / / 10. mdhurenn+ev| 11. tv+api+akiirtiH| 12. kiirteH+mnussyH| 13. hi+aphlm| 14. paarthaaH+hi| 15. skaam:+atyym| 16. dossenn+atr|

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te sarve'vasthitA dharme, sarve caivaikacetasaH / adharmeNa nirastAzca tulye rAjye vizeSataH / / 13 / / yadi dharmastvayA kAryoM yadi kAryaM priyaM ca me / kSemaM ca yadi karttavyaM teSAmarthaM pradIyatAm / / 14 / / ( mahAbhAratam) pAThaka zlokoM meM zabdoM kA tathA artha meM anvaya ke zabdoM kA krama dekha leM aura anvaya banAnA siikheN| bolane ke samaya jaise zabdoM kI pUrvApara racanA hotI hai, usI prakAra zabdoM kI racanA ko anvaya kahate haiM / zlokoM meM chanda ke anusAra zabda idhara-udhara rakhe jAte haiM / (diSTyA hi pArthA dhriyante) sudaiva se pAMDava z2iMdA rahe haiM (sA pRthA diSTyA jIvati) vaha kuntI sudaiva se jiMdA hai| (pApaH purocanaH ) pApI purocana rAjA (diSTyA sakAmaH) sudaiva se kRtakArya hokara ( atyayaM na gataH ) vinAza ko prApta na huA / / 1 / / (lokaH atra tathA ) loga yahAM vaisA (purocanaM doSeNa na manyeta ) purocana ko doSa se ( yukta) nahIM mAnate (puruSavyAghra ! yathA tvAM ) he manuSya-zreSTha ! jisa prakAra tumako (lokaH doSeNa gacchati) loka doSa se (yukta) samajhate haiM / / 10 / / ( tat idaM teSAM jIvitam ) vaha yaha unakA jIvana hai / ( tava kilviSanAzanam) tumhAre pApa kA nAzaka hai| isalie (mahArAja) he mahArAja ! ( pANDavAnAM sudarzanaM sammantavyam) pANDavoM kA uttara darzana mAniye / / 11 / / ( kurunandana ) hai kuruputra ! (teSAM vIrANAM jIvatAm ) una vIroM kI z2indagI taka (svayaM vajrabhRtA api) svayaM indra ke dvArA bhI (pitryaMzaH AdAtu api ca na zakyaH ) paitRka dhana lenA zakya nahIM / / 12 / / (te sarve dharme avasthitAH) ve saba dharma meM Thahare haiM / ( sarve ca ekacetasaH) aura saba eka dilavAle haiN| (vizeSataH tulye rAjye) vizeSakara samAna rAjya meM (adharmeNa nirastAH ca) adharma se haTAye gaye haiM / / 13 / / ( yadi tvayA dharmaH kAryaH) agara tUne dharma karanA hai / (yadi me priyaM ca kAryama agara mere lie priya karanA hai / ( ca yadi kSemaM karttavyam) aura agara kalyANa karanA hai / ( teSAm ardhaM pradIyatAm ) unako AdhA bhAga dIjie / / 14 / / 120

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pATha 24 zabda-pulliMga AzrayaH = nivAsa, AdhAra / bakaH = bagalA, sArasa / kulIraH = keNkdd'aa| pradezaH = sthaan| zoSaH = khushkii| jalacaraH = pAnI meM calane vAlA praannii| vatsaH = putr| viyogaH = alaga honaa| kSutkSAmaH = bhUkha se thakA huaa| daivajJaH = jyotissii| kramaH = krama, silsilaa| tAtaH = pitaa| mAtulaH = maamaa| mithyAvAdin = jhUTha bolane vaalaa| abhiprAyaH = mtlb| parvataH = phaadd'| mandadhIH = mndbuddhi| strIliMga vRddhiH = bdhaaii| kSudhA = bhuukh| icchA = caahnaa| svecchA = apanI icchaa| grIvA = gardana / vRSTiH = varSA / anAvRSTiH = avarSaNa, varSA na honaa| zilA = patthara / AhAravRttiH = bhojana kA guj'r|| napuMsakaliMga prAyopavezaMna = upoSaNa (karake marane kA nizcaya krnaa)| pRSThaH = pITha / vyaJjana = cttnii| toya = jl| trANa = rkssaa| pAdatrANa = juutaa| prANatrANa = prANoM kI rkssaa| asthin = hddddii| vizeSaNa sameta = yukt| krIDita = khelaa| trasta = duHkhii| kupita = gusse huaa| lagna = lagA huaa| upalakSita = dekhaa| dvAdaza = baarh| nirviNNa = duHkhii| kriyA sametya = Akara / Uce = bolaa| sampadyate = banAtA hai| ruroda = royaa| AsasAda = prApta huaa| vaJcayitvA = phNsaakr| cirayati = derI karatA hai| prakSipya = pheNkkr| vyApAdayitum = mArane ke lie| anuSThIyate = kI jAtI hai| yAsyanti = jAeMge, prApta hoNge| anuSThIya = krke| Aropya = cddh'aakr| samAsAdya = prApta krke| prakSipya = pheNkkr| anya nAnA = anek| sAdaram = Adara ke saath| jAtu = kisI samaya, kdaacit| alam = paryApta, kaaph'ii|

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(21) baka-kulIrakayoH kathA (1) asti kasmiMzcit pradeze nAnAjalacarasanAthaM saraH / tatra ca kRtAzrayaH ekaH bakaH vRddhabhAvam upAgataH, matsyAn vyApAdayitum asmrthH| tatazca kSutkSAmakaNThaH, sarastIre upaviSTo rurod| ekaH kulIrako nAnAjalacarasametaH sametya, tasya duHkhena duHkhitaH sAdaram idaM Uce-(2) kimadya tvayA AhAravRttirna anusstthiiyte| sa baka Aha-vatsa, satyam upalakSitaM bhvtaa| mayA hi matsyAdanaM prati paramavairAgyatayA, sAmprataM prAyopavezanaM kRtam / tena ahaM samIpAgatAnapi matsyAn na bhkssyaami| (3) kulIrakastacchratvA' prAha-ki tad vairaagykaarnnm| sa prAha-aham asmin sarasi jAto vRddhiM gatazca / tanmayA etacchrutaM yad dvAdazavArSikI anAvRSTiH lagnA smpdyte| (4) kulIraka Aha-kasmAt tchutm| baka Aha-daivajJamukhAt / vatsa, pazya-etat saraH svalpatoyaM vrttte| zIghraM zoSaM yAsyati / asmin zuSke yaiH saha ahaM vRddhiM gataH sadaiva krIDitazca, te sarve toyAbhAvAt nAzaM yAsyanti / tat teSAM viyogaM draSTum aham asamarthaH, tena etat prayopavezanaM kRtm| (5) tataH sa kulIrakastadAkarNya, anyeSAmapi jalacarANAM tattasya vacanaM nivedyaamaas| atha te sarve bhayatrastamanasastam abhyupetya papracchuH-tAta, asti kazcidupAyaH, yena asmAkaM rakSA bhvti| (6) baka Aha-asti asya jalAzayasya (1) (nAnA-jalacara-sanAtham) bahuta prANI jisameM haiM aisaa| (tatra kRtAzrayaH) vahAM rhnevaalaa| (kSutkSAmakaNTha...ruroda) bhUkha se jisakA galA thakA huA hai aisA, tAlAba ke kinAre para baiThakara rone lgaa| (nAnAjalacarasametaH) bahuta jala meM vicarane vAle prANiyoM ke saath| (2) (satyamupalakSitaM bhavatA) ThIka Apane dekhaa| (mayA hi...na bhakSayAmi) maiMne to matsyabhakSaNa ke viSaya meM upavezana vrata kiyA hai, usase maiM pAsa AnevAlI machaliyoM ko bhI nahIM khaataa| (3) (jAto vRddhiM gatazca) utpanna hokara bar3A ho gyaa| (tanmayA... lagnA) to maiMne yaha sunA hai ki bAraha sAla kI anAvRSTi lagI hai| (4) (zIghraM zoSaM yAsyati) zIghra hI zuSka hogaa| (asmin...nAzaM yAsyanti) yaha khuSka hone para jinake sAtha maiM bar3A huA aura hamezA khelA-ye saba jala ke abhAva se nAza ko prApta hoNge| (5) (tataH sa....nivedayAmAsa) pazcAt usa keMkar3e ne yaha sunakara anya jala-nivAsiyoM ko bhI usakA bhASaNa nivedana kiyaa| (atha...papracchuH) anantara ve saba bhaya se Dare hue mana vAle usake pAsa jAkara pUchane lge| (6) (asti asya.......nayAmi) isa tAlAba liirk:+tt+shrutvaa| 2. ett+shrutm| 3. mnsH+tm|

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nAtidUre prabhUtajalasanAthaM saraH / tad, yadi mama pRSThaM kazcidArohati, tam ahaM tatra nayAmi / (7) atha te tatra vizvAsamApannAstAta', mAtula iti bruvANA' ahaM pUrvam ahaM pUrvam iti samantAt paritasthuH / (8) so'pi duSTAzayaH, krameNa, tAn pRSTham Aropya jalAzayasya nAtidUre, zilAM samAsAdya tasyAm AkSipya svecchayA tAn bhakSayitvA svakIyAM nityAm AhAravRttimakarot / (9) anyasmin dine taM kulIrakam Aha - tAta ! mayA saha te prathamaH snehaH saJjAtaH / tat kiM mAM parityajya anyAn nayasi / tasmAd adya me prANatrANaM kuru / (10) tadAkarNya so'pi duSTazcintitavAn' - nirviNNo'ha matsyamAMsabhakSaNena / tadadya enaM kulIrakaM vyaJjanasthAne karomi - ( 11 ) iti vicintya, taM pRSThamAropya', tAM vadhyazilAm uddizya prasthitaH / kulIrako'pi " dUrAdeva" asthiparvataM avalokya matsyAsthIni parijJAya tam apRcchat - tAta ! kiyaddUre tat jalAzayaH / ( 12 ) so'pi mandadhIH, jalacaro'yam" iti matvA, sthale na prabhavati iti, sasmitam idam Aha - kulIraka ! kutonyo " jalAzayaH / mama prANayAtrA iym| tvAm asyAM zilAyAM nikSipya bhakSayAmi / ( 13 ) ityuktavati tasmin kupitena kulIrakena svavadanena grIvAyAM gRhIto mRtazca / atha sa tAM bakagrIvAM samAdAya zanaistajjalAzayam AsasAda / (14) tataH sarvaireva jalacaraiH pRSTaH - bhoH kulIraka ! kiM nimittaM tvaM pazcAdAyAtaH ? 12 4 ke pAsa hI bahuta jala se yukta eka tAlAba hai| agara koI merI pITha para baiThegA to maiM usako vahA~ le jaauuNgaa| (7) (atha te.... paritasthuH ) pazcAd ve vahA~ vizvAsa karane vAle pitA, mAmA aisA bolane vAle, maiM pahale, maiM pahale, aisA kahate hue usake idhara-udhara Thahare / (8) (zilAM......... akarot ) patthara prApta karake, usake Upara pheMkakara apanI icchA ke anusAra unako bhakSaNa karake apanA nitya kA bhojana kA kArya karatA thA / ( 9 ) ( mAM parityajya) mujhe chor3akara / ( 10 ) ( so'pi duSTazcititavAn ) usa duSTa ne bhI socA / (nirviNNo... sthAne karomi ) matsyamAMsa bhakSaNa se ghRNA huI hai, to Aja isa keMkar3e kI maiM caTanI bnaauuNgaa| (11) (vadhyazilAM uddizya prasthitaH) vadha karane ke patthara kI dizA se claa| (matsyAsthIni parijJAya) machaliyoM kI haDDiyAM jAnakara / ( 12 ) ( sasmitamidamAha ) ha~satA huA aisA bolaa| (kuto'nyo jalAzayaH) kahAM dUsarA tAlAba ( mama prANayAtrA iyam) merI prANoM kI rakSA yaha / ( 13 ) ( iti uktavati.....mRtazca) aisA usane bolA, isa krodhita keMkar3e ne apane mukha se use gale se pakar3A aura mAra diyA / 4. aapnnaaH+taat| 5. bruvANAH+aham / 6. vRttim + akarot / 7. duSTaH + cintitavAn / 8. nirviNNaH+aham / 9. pRSTham + Aropya / 10. kulIrakaH+api / 11. dUrAt+eva / 12 caraH+ayam / 13 kutaH+anyaH / 14. zanaiH+tat+jalA. / 123

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124 kuzalakAraNaM tiSThati / sa mAtulo'pi nAyAtaH / tatki cirayati / (15) evaM taiH abhihitaM kulIrako'pi vihasya uvAca - mUrkhAH sarve jalacarAstena " mithyAvAdinA vaJcayitvA, nAtidUre zilAtale prakSiptAH bhakSitAzca / tat mayA tasya abhiprAyaM jJAtvA, grIvA iyam AnItA / ( 16 ) tadalaM sambhrameNa / adhunA sarvajalacarANAM kSemaM bhaviSyati / -paJcatantram / pATha 25 aba strIliMga zabdoM ke rUpa banAne kA prakAra likhate haiM / saMskRta meM koI akArAnta zabda strIliMgI nahIM hai / AkArAnta zabda prAyaH strIliMga huA karate haiN| thor3e aise zabda haiM jo AkArAnta hone para bhI pulliMga haiM / parantu unako chor3a diyA jAya to bAkI ke saba AkArAnta zabda strIliMga haiM / AkArAnta strIliMga 'vidyA' zabda 1. vidyA (he) vidye sambodhana vidyAm vidyayA vidyAyai vidyAyAH 15. carAH+tena / vidye " "" " 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. vidyAnAm vidyAsu 7. vidyAyAm isI prakAra 'gaGgA, ramA, kRpA majjA, jihvA, bhAryA, mAlA, guhA, zAlA, bAlA, vidyAbhyAm "" "" vidyayoH vidyAH "" "" 77 vidyAbhiH vidyAbhyaH dd ( zanaiH.....AsasAda) dhIre-dhIre usa tAlAba ke pAsa phuNcaa| ( 14 ) ( kuzalakAraNaM tiSThati) kuzala hai na / ( 15 ) (taiH abhihite) unake kahane para / (mUrkhAH.... AnItA) mUrkha saba jalanivAsI prANI, usa asatyabhASI ne Thagakara pAsa ke patthara para pheMkakara khaaye| isalie maiM usakA matalaba jAna yaha galA lAyA / ( 16 ) ( tadalaM.... bhaviSyati ) to basa hai aba ghabarAnA / aba saba jala - nivAsiyoM kA kalyANa hogA /

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patrikA' ityAdi zabdoM ke rUpa banate haiM / 'ambA, akkA, allA,' ityAdi zabdoM ke sambodhana ke ekavacana ke rUpa 'amba, akka, alla' hote haiN| zeSa rUpa 'vidyA' ke samAna hote haiM / IkArAnta strIliMga 'lakSmI' zabda 1. lakSmIH sambodhana (he) lakSmi lakSmIm lakSmyA lakSmyai lakSmyAH "" tat+kuru=tatkuru yat+phalam=yatphalam 2. lakSmIH 3. lakSmIbhiH 4. lakSmIbhyaH 5. lakSmIbhyaH 6. lakSmINAm 7. lakSmyAm lakSmI isI prakAra 'nadI' zabda ke rUpa hote haiM / parantu prathamA kA ekavacana 'nadI' visargarahita hotA hai, yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA caahiye| bAkI ke rUpoM meM koI bheda nahIM / 'nadI' zabda ke samAna hI 'zreyasI, kumArI, buddhimatI, vANI, sakhI, gaurI, tarI, tantrI, avI, starI, ityAdi strIliMgI zabdoM ke prathamaikavacana meM visargarahita rUpa banate haiM aura zeSa rUpa lakSmIvat banate haiM / sandhi-niyama 1 - 'c, cha, TU, z' inako chor3akara anya kaThora vyaJjana ke pUrva Ane vAlA 'tU' vaisA hI rahatA hai / jaise gRhAt+patatigRhAtpatati lakSmyau = 77 - 77 lakSmIbhyAm ", lakSmyaH lakSmIbhyAm lakSmyoH 77 "" sandhi-niyama 2 - 'j jh D Dh, lU' inako chor3akara anya mRdu vyaJjana tathA svara ke pUrva ke 'tU' kA 'd' hotA hai / jaise I nagarAdvanam nagarAt + vanam tat + gRham = tadgRham etat + asti dasta tat + AsIt = tadAsIt 125

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2 camU: # i & pATha 26 UkArAnta strIliMga 'camU' zabda 1. camU: camvau cambaH sambodhana (he) camu camUm camvA camUbhyAm camUbhiH camca camUbhyaH 5. camvAH camvoH camUnAm cambAm camUSu isI prakAra 'vadhU, zvazrU, jambU, karkandhU, didhipU, yavAgU, campU', ityAdi UkArAnta strIliMga zabda calate haiN| IkArAnta strIliMga 'strI' zabda ___ 1. strI striyau sambodhana (he) stri striyam, strIm strIH striyA strIbhyAm strIbhiH striyai strIbhyaH striyAH striyoH strINAm striyAm strISu isI prakAra eka svara vAle IkArAnta strIliMga zabda calate haiN| striyaH / " 7. pATha 27 ikArAnta strIliMga 'ruci' zabda ___ 1. ruciH rucayaH sambodhana (he) ruce ___2. rucim rucIH 3. rucyA rucibhyAm rucibhiH rucI rucibhyAm rucI

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. dhenU dhenUn dhenvA rucyai, rucaye rucibhyaH rucyAH, ruceH " " rucyoH rucInAm 7. rucyAma, rucau ruciSu isa zabda ke caturthI se saptamI taka ekavacana ke do-do rUpa hote haiM-eka 'lakSmI' zabda ke samAna tathA dUsarA 'hari' ke samAna / isI prakAra 'stuti, mati, buddhi, zuci' Adi zabda calate haiN| ukArAnta strIliMga 'dhenu' zabda 1. dhenuH dhenavaH sambodhana (he) dheno dhenum dhenubhyAm dhenubhiH dhenvai, dhenave dhenubhyaH dhenvAH, dhenoH dhenvoH dhenunAm dhenvAm, dhenau dhenuSu isI prakAra rajju, hanu, tanu, laghu, ityAdi strIliMga zabda calate haiN| isa zabda ke bhI caturthI se saptamI taka ekavacana ke do-do rUpa hote haiM, eka 'camU' zabda ke samAna tathA dUsarA 'bhAnu' zabda ke smaan| ikArAnta strIliMga zabdoM se IkArAnta strIliMga zabdoM meM kauna-sA bheda hai, tathA ukArAnta aura UkArAnta strIliMga zabdoM meM kyA bhinnatA hai, isakA vicAra pUrvokta rUpa dekhakara karanA caahie| dhakArAnta strIliMga 'samidh' zabda 1. samit samidhau samidhaH sambodhana (he) " samidham samidhA samidbhiH samidhe samidbhyaH samidhaH samidhoH samidhAm samidhi samitsu isI prakAra 'sarita. harita, bhUbhRt, zarad, tamonud, vebhid, kSud, cecchid, yuyudh, 127 Fi & /

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128 gup, kakubh, agnimath, citralikhu, sarvazak' Adi zabda calate haiN| inake pulliMga aura strIliMga ke rUpa samAna hote haiM / ukta zabdoM meM 'sarit, zarad, kSudh, kakubh' ye zabda strIliMga haiN| inake thor3e-se rUpa nIce diye jA rahe haiM, jinako dekhakara pAThaka anya rUpa banA skeNge| prathamA ekavacana sarit zarad kSut kakup harit bhUbhRt tamonut bebhid cecchid yuyut gup citralikh sarvazak 1. sambodhana (he) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. vAcam vAcA vAce tRtIyA ekavacana vAcaH "" saritA zaradA kSudhA kakubhA haritA bhUbhRtA tamonudA bebhA cecchidA vAk, vAg "" vAci yuyudhA gupA citralikhA sarvaza pATha 28 cakArAnta strIliMga ' vAcU' zabda vAcau "" "" ATM dvivacana vAcoH saridbhyAm zaradbhyAm kSudbhyAm kakubbhyAm haridbhyAm bhUbhRdbhyAm tamonudbhyAm bebhidbhyAm cecchidbhyAm yuyudbhyAm gubbhyAm citraligbhyAm sarvazagbhyAm vAgbhyAm vAgbhyAm 21 "" saptamI bahuvacana saritsu zaratsu kSutsu kakupsu vAcaH "" haritsu bhUbhRtsu tamonutsu bebhitsu cecchitsu yuyutsu gupsu citralikSu sarvazakSu " vAgbhiH vAgbhyaH vAcAm vAkSu

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isI prakAra 'sraj, diza, uSNih, dRz, tviS, prAdRSa' ityAdi zabda calate haiN| inake thor3e-se rUpa nIce de rahe haiM prathamA ekavacana dvitIyA ekavacana saptamI bahuvacana srakSu dikSu srak srajam dik tRtIyA dvivacana sragbhyAm digbhyAm uSNigbhyAm dRgbhyAm tviDbhyAm prAvRDbhyAm dizam uSNiham dRzam uSNikSu uSNik dRk tviT prAvRT dRkSu tviSam tviDsu. prAvRSam prAvRTsu mAtre RkArAnta strIliMga 'mAtR' zabda mAtA mAtarau mAtaraH sambodhana (he) mAtaH mAtaram mAtaH mAtrA mAtRbhyAm mAtRbhiH mAtRbhyaH mAtuH mAtroH mAtRNAm mAtari mAtRSu isI prakAra 'duhita, nanAndR, yAtR' zabda calate haiN| RkArAnta strIliMga 'svasR' zabda svasA svasArau svasAraH sambodhana (he) svasaH 2. svasAram svasaH 3. svasrA svasRbhyAm svasRbhiH zeSa rUpa 'mAtR' zabda ke samAna hote haiN| prathamA, dvitIyA, sambodhana ke rUpoM meM 'svasa' zabda ke sakAra meM akAra dIrgha hotA hai parantu 'mAtR' zabda ke takAra meM akAra dIrgha nahIM hotaa| ina donoM zabdoM meM yahI bheda hai|

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dhAH dyobhyAm okArAnta strIliMga 'dyo' zabda ___ 1. dyauH dyAvI dyAvaH sambodhana (he)" 2. dyAm 3. dhava dyobhiH 4. dyave dyobhya ___5. dyoH ____6... " dhavoH 7. chavi ghoSu isI prakAra 'go' zabda calatA hai1. gauH gAvaH sambodhana (he)" 2. gAm gA ityAdi dhavAm dhiyaH pATha 29 IkArAnta strIliMga 'dhI' zabda . __1. dhIH dhiyau sambodhana (he)" 2. dhiyam " dhiyA dhIbhyAm dhIbhiH dhiyai, dhiye dhiyAH, dhiyaH " " " dhiyoH dhiyAm, dhInAm dhiyAm, dhiyi. " isI prakAra 'sudhI, durdhI, zuddhadhI, hrI, zrI, suzrI, bhI, ityAdi zabda calate haiN| UkAronta strIliMga 'bhU' zabda 1. bhU 130] sambodhana (he), o hio .. dhIbhyaH dhISu bhuvau

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1. sambodhana (hai) 2. 3. 4. 5. bhuvAH, bhuvaH 6. bhuvAH, bhuvaH bhuvAm, bhuvi 7. isI prakAra 'subhU, bhrU, subhrU' ityAdi zabda calate haiM / vakArAnta strIliMga 'div' zabda bhuvam bhuvA bhuvai, bhuve 1. sambodhana ( hai ) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. dyauH "" diva divA dive divaH 79 "" bhAH 77 bhAsam bhAsA bhA bhUbhyAm "" 77 bhuvoH "" divau ?? " 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. divAm 7. divi dhuSu pAThakoM ko isa zabda ke rUpoM ke sAtha 'dyo' zabda ke rUpoM kI tulanA karanI cAhie, aura donoM ke rUpa vizeSa dhyAna meM rakhane cAhie / sakArAnta strIliMga 'bhAsa' zabda ghubhyAm "" divoH "" bhAsau "" "" bhAbhyAm "" 97 bhAsaH bhAsaH 7. bhAsi isI prakAra saba sakArAnta strIliMga zabda calate haiM / bhUbhiH bhUbhyaH bhuvAm, bhUnAm bhUSu bhAsoH 77 divA "" "" dhubhiH dyubhyaH "" bhAsaH 77 "" bhAbhiH bhAbhyaH 17 bhAsAm bhAssu 131

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pATha 30 aikArAnta strIliMga 're' zabda rAyau 1. rAH sambodhana (he) " rAyam rAyA 4. rAye rAyaH rAbhiH rAbhyAm rAbhyAm rAbhyaH rAyoH rAyAma 7. rAthi rAsu pulliMga meM 're' zabda isI prakAra calatA hai| pakArAnta strIliMga 'apa' zabda 'ap' zabda sadaiva bahuvacana meM hI calatA hai| isalie isake ekavacana, dvivacana ke rUpa nahIM hote| 1. ApaH 4. adbhyaH sambodhana (he) ApaH 5. adbhyaH 2. apaH 6. apAm 3. adbhiH 7. apsu AkArAnta strIliMga 'jarA' zabda prathamA, sambodhana ke ekavacana meM, tathA 'bhyAm, bhis, bhyas' pratyaya Age Ane para, 'jarA' zabda meM koI bheda nahIM hotA parantu anya vacanoM meM 'jara' zabda ke lie 'jaras' aisA Adeza vikalpa se hotA hai| ___1. jarA jare, jarasau jarAH, jarasaH sambodhana (he) jare jarAm jarasam " " jarayA, jarasA jarAbhyAma jarAbhiH jarAyai, jarase jarAbhyaH jarAyAH, jarasaH jarayoH, jarasoH jarANAm, jarasAm jarAyAm, jarasi ___" " jarAsu

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'jarA' zabda 'vidyA' ke samAna calatA hai; parantu jahAM usake sthAna meM 'jaras' Adeza hotA hai, vahAM sakArAnta zabda ke samAna usake rUpa banate haiN| ___ 'ajara, nirjara' zabda pulliMga hone se 'deva' zabda ke samAna calate haiM parantu ukta vibhaktiyoM ke vacanoM meM unako bhI 'ajaras, nirjaras' aise Adeza hote haiM arthAt inake bhI 'jarA' zabda ke samAna do-do rUpa banate haiN| pATha 31 aba hama batAeMge ki strIliMga sarvanAmoM ke rUpa kisa prakAra banate haiN| AkArAnta strIliMga 'sarvA' zabda __ 1. sarvA sarve sarvAH sambodhana (he) sarve sarvAm sarve sarvAH sarvayA sarvAbhyAm sarvAbhiH sarvasyai sarvAbhyaH sarvasyAH sarvayoH sarvAsAm sarvasyAm sarvAsu isI prakAra 'pUrvA, parA, dakSiNA, uttarA, aparA, adharA, nemA' ityAdi sarvanAmoM ke rUpa banate haiN| 'prathamA, caramA, dvitayA, tritayA, alpA, ardhA, katipayA' ityAdi sarvanAma strIliMga hote hue bhI 'vidyA' ke samAna calate haiN| inake pulliMga rUpa 'deva' ke samAna calate haiN| dvitIyA, tRtIyA ke rUpa do-do prakAra ke hote haiN| jaise AkArAnta strIliMga 'dvitIyA' zabda dvitIyA dvitIye dvitIyAH sambodhana (he) dvitIye dvitIyAm dvitIyayA dvitIyAbhyAm dvitIyasyai, dvitIyAyai dvitIyAbhyaH 133 dvitIyAbhiH 11331

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134 5. 6. 7. dvitIyasyAm, dvitIyAyAm isI prakAra tRtIyA zabda calatA hai / 1. dvitIyasyAH, dvitIyAyAH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. yA yAm yayA yasyai yasyAH 1. 2. "" kA kAm kayA kasyai kasyAH "" 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. yAsAm 7. yasyAm yAsu isI prakAra 'anyA, anyatarA, itarA, katarA katamA tvA' ityAdi sarvanAmoM ke rUpa banate haiN| "" "" kasyAm sA tAm 'yat' zabda strIliMga ye 27 yAbhyAm "" 22 'anyatamA' zabda sarvanAma hote hue bhI, vidyA ke samAna usake rUpa banate haiM, yaha bAta dhyAna rakhanI caahie| yayoH 77 pATha 32 strIliMga 'kim' zabda ke "" kAbhyAm "" 77 dvitIyayoH kayoH 17 dvitIyAnAm, dvitIyAsAm dvitIyAsu strIliMga 'tad' zabda to to yAH 17 yAbhiH yAbhyaH "" kAH 17 kAbhiH kAbhyaH 19 kAsAm kAsu Wei Yi tAH tAH

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tye tayA tAbhyAm tAbhiH tasyai tAbhyaH tasyAH tayoH tAsAm tasyAm tAsu isI prakAra 'tyat' sarvanAma ke strIliMga meM rUpa banate haiN| jaise1. tyA tyAH 2. tyAm tyAH ityAdi 'tad' zabda samAna rUpa hote haiN| 'etat' zabda strIliMga eSA etAH etAm, enAm ete, ene etAH, enAH etayA, enayA etAbhyAm etAbhiH etAbhyAm etAbhyaH etasyAH etayoH, enayoH etAsAm etasyAm etAsu ete - etasyai " Fio - pATha 33 'idam' zabda strIliMga iyam ime imAm, enAm ime, ene anayA, enayA AbhyAm asyai asyAH asyAH anayoH, enayoH asyAm imAH imAH, enAH AbhiH AbhyaH * AsAm Asu -

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- amU 6 'adas' zabda strIliMga asau amU: amum amuyA amUbhyAm amUbhiH amuSya amUbhyaH amuSyAH amuyoH amUSAm 7. amuSyAm amUSu 'dvi' zabda strIliMga meM napuMsakaliMga 'dvi' zabda ke samAna calatA hai| 'tri' zabda kA bahuvacana meM hI prayoga hotA hai| isake strIliMga rUpa nIce die jA rahe haiM 'tri' zabda strIliMga 1. tisraH 5. tisRbhyaH 2. tisraH 6. tisRNAm 3. tisRbhiH ___7. tisRSu 4. tisRbhyaH (yahAM 'tisRNAm' rUpa nahIM hotaa|) _ 'catura' zabda strIliMga 1. catasraH 5. catasRbhyaH 2. " 6. catasRNAm 3. catasRbhiH 7. catasRSu 4. catasRbhyaH yahAM bhI 'sR' dIrgha nahIM hotA hai| 'viMzati' zabda strIliMga hai| isake rUpa 'ruci' zabda ke samAna banate haiN| isakA prayoga prAyaH ekavacana meM hI hotA hai parantu prakaraNAnusAra anya vacanoM meM bhI hotA hai| jaise pustakAnAM viMzatiH-bIsa kitaabeN| viMzatiH pustakAni-" " / paDitAnAM dve viMzatI-cAlIsa paNDita (do bIsa pnnddit)| vidyArthinAM trayaH viMzatayaH-vidyArthiyoM ke tIna bIsa (sATha vidyaarthii)| 136

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isa prakAra prakaraNa ke anusAra, saba vacanoM meM prayoga ho sakatA hai| triMzat, catvAriMzat, paJcAzat-ye saba strIliMga haiN| inake rUpa 'sarit' zabda ke samAna hote haiN| SaSThi, saptati, azIti, navati-ye zabda strIliMga haiN| inake rUpa 'ruci' zabda ke samAna hote haiN| 'koTi' zabda strIliMga hai| isake rUpa ruci' zabda ke samAna hote haiN| paJcan, SaSTan, saptan, aSTan, navan, inake strIliMgI rUpa pulliMga ke samAna hote haiN| pATha 34 kriyApada-vicAra priya pAThaka ! yahAM taka pahuMcakara Apa saMskRta meM sAdhAraNa vyavahAra kI bAtacIta kara sakate haiN| isa praNAlI se Apake andara AtmavizvAsa utpanna huA hogaa| pichale pAThoM meM Apane nAmoM kA vicAra siikhaa| vAkya meM jaise nAma hote haiM vaise hI kriyApada bhI hote haiM, jina para isa bhAga meM vicAra kreNge| rAmaH AnaM bhakSayati = rAma Ama khAtA hai| isa vAkya meM 'rAmaH AnaM' zabda nAma haiM aura 'bhakSayati' zabda kriyA hai| kriyA ke binA vAkya pUrNa nahIM hotaa| pUrNa vAkya banAne kI yogyatA prApta karane ke lie Apako kriyApadoM kA abhyAsa karanA hogaa| vAkya meM nimna avayava huA karatI haiM(1) nAma-rAmaH, kRSNaH, IzvaraH, devatA, phalam ityAdi prakAra ke nAma hote (2) sarvanAma-saH, sA, tat, sarva, vizva, kim kA Adi sarvanAma hote haiN| (3) vizeSaNa-zubha, sundara, zveta, madhura Adi guNa batAnevAle zabda vizeSaNa hote haiN| (4) kriyApada-gacchati, vadati, karoti, jAnAti Adi kriyAdarzaka zabda kriyApada hote haiN| (5) avyaya-ca, parantu, kintu, yadi, api, cet ityAdi zabda avyaya hote haiN| ina pAMca avayavoM ko nimna vAkya meM dekhiye suvidyAbhUSito rAmaH pativratayA sItayA saha, idAnIM vanaM gcchti| taM kumAraM rAma, - bhAryayA sItayA, bhrAtrA lakSmaNena ca saha, vanaM gacchantaM avalokya, nAgariko janas, taM 137

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eva anugcchti| bho mitra ! pazya / isa vAkya meM 'suvidyAbhUSitaH' ' pativratayA' Adi vizeSaNa haiN| rAma, sItA, lakSmaNa, vana, Adi nAma haiN| gacchati, pazya Adi kriyApada haiN| 'saha ca bhoH' Adi avyaya haiN| isI prakAra Apa pratyeka vAkya meM dekhie tathA kisa zabda se kauna-sA prayojana siddha hotA hai, isakA bhI nizcaya kiijie| aba kriyA ke rUpa diye jA rahe haiM, jinako Apa kaNThastha kara liijie| parasmaipada* bhuu-sttaayaam| [gaNa* pahalA bhU [dhAtu] artha = honA, astitva rakhanA 'bhU' dhAtu ke vartamAna kAla kA rUpa vartamAna kAla / dvivacana bhavataH bahuvacana bhavanti puruSa prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa uttama puruSa ekavacana bhavati bhavasi bhavAmi bhavathaH bhavatha bhavAvaH bhavAmaH 'vaha, tU, aura maiM' ina tInoM ko kramazaH 'prathama, madhyama aura uttama puruSa' kahate haiN| maiM aura hama-uttama puruss| tU aura tuma-madhyama puruss| vaha aura ve-prathama puruss| ekavacana se eka kA, dvivacana se do kA aura bahuvacana se tIna athavA tIna se adhika kA bodha hotA hai| aba nimna rUpa smaraNa kIjie va=(vyaktAyAM vaaci)| vad=bolanA, spaSTa bolnaa| puruSaH ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana prathama puruSaH vadati vadataH vadanti madhyama puruSaH vadasi vadathaH vadatha uttama puruSaH vadAmi vadAvaH vadAmaH 8|* parasmaipada aura gaNa Adi ke viSaya meM Age spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jaaegaa|

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aba ina kriyAoM kA upayoga dekhieuttama puruSa(1) ahaM vdaami| maiM bolatA huuN| (2) AvAM vdaavH| hama donoM bolate haiN| (3) vayaM vdaamH| hama saba bolate haiN| madhyama puruSa(1) tvaM vdsi| tU bolatA hai| (2) yuvAM vdthH| tuma donoM bolate ho| (3) yUyaM vdth| tuma saba bolate ho| prathama puruSa(1) saH vdti| vaha bolatA hai| (2) tau vdtH| ve donoM bolate haiN| (3) te vadanti / ve saba bolate haiN| saMskRta meM 'ahaM, tvaM, saH' Adi sarvanAma vAkyoM meM rakhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| yadi cAheM to rakha sakate haiM na cAheM to chor3a sakate haiN| kriyApadoM meM svayaM 'eka, do, bahuta' saMkhyA batAne kI zakti rahatI hai| jaise vadAvaH-hama (donoM) bolate haiN| vadAmaH-hama (saba) bolate haiN| vadasi-tU (eka) bolatA hai| vadanti-ve (saba) bolate haiN| isa prakAra kevala kriyAoM se hI saMkhyA vyakta hotI hai| astu, nimna dhAtuoM ke rUpa pUrva ke samAna hI hote haiM prathama gaNa, parasmaipada I. aT (gatau) = jaanaa-attti| 1. at (sAtatya gamane) = hamezA jAte rahanA, gamana krnaa-atti| 3. argha (mUlye) = mUlya-kImata honaa-arghti| 1. arc (pUjAyAm) = pUjA krnaa-arcti| 5. arja (arjane) = kmaanaa-arjti| 1. arha (pUjAyAm) = yogya honaa-arhti| 1. av (rakSaNe) = saMrakSaNa krnaa-avti|

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. inake rUpa 'vad' dhAtu ke samAna hI hote haiM / rAmaH aTati - rAma ghUmatA hai / rAmalakSmaNau aTataH - rAma aura lakSmaNa (ye donoM) ghUmate haiN| janAH aTanti - saba loga ghUmate haiM / tvaM asi - tU jAtA hai / yUyaM atatha - tuma saba jAte ho / yuvAM avathaH- tuma donoM rakSaNa karate ho / suvarNam arghati - sone kA mUlya hotA hai / devadattaH arcati-devadatta pUjA karatA hai ' kozalaH - deza kA nAma sphItaH - unnata, bar3A, zuddha muditaH- Anandita pATha 35 janapadaH - rASTra nirmitA-banAI huI amarAvatI - devoM kI nagarI mantrajJAH - gupta bAteM jAnanevAle, uttama salAhakAra prazAnta-zAMtiyukta tapyamAna na- tapanevAlA vaMzakara - vaMza calAnevAlA antaHpuram - striyoM kA sthAna putrIya - putra utpanna karanevAlA argha-AdhA avaziSTa - bAkI, zeSa dArakriyA - vivAha nivasati rahatA hai paurapriyaH - janoM kA pyArA vazI - indriyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanevAlA [140 satyAbhisandhaH - satya pratijJA karanevAlA iGgitajJaH - gupta vicAra jAnanevAlA mantriNaH - vaz2Ira, pradhAna mRSAvAdI - jhUTha bolanevAlA babhUva-huA cintayamAna- ciMtA karanevAlA buddhiH - vicAra zlakSNam-narama, mIThA abravIt-bolA yajAmi - yajJa karatA hUM amAnayat - manAyA anujJAta- AjJA kiyA huA pAvaka - agniH bhUta-prakaTa huA pAyasam - khIra pAtrI - baratana tatheti ThIka aisA kahakara prItaH - saMtuSTa huA abhivAdya - namaskAra karake hayamedhaH vAjimedhaH azvamedha

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iSTiH-yajJa durbhUt- prakaTa huA dinakaraH- sUryya yaccha-do sapsyase prApta karoge rayAJcakruH- dhAraNa kie vamike-navamI satyAtprabhRti - bacapana se lekara snigdha-mitra -ghor3A anujaH - choTA bhAI hRSTaH- saMtuSTa anugRhItaH - kRpA kI parivRddhiH-unnati vratasthaH - vrata karanevAlA vighnakarau - vighna karanevAle vimarzanam - kaSTa, duHkha kAmarUpiNau-manamAne rUpa dhAraNa karanevAle bhavataH - ApakA samAsa - vivaraNa 1. mantrajJaH - mantrAn jAnAti iti mantrajJaH / 2. paurapriyaH - paurANAM (nAgarikANAM janAnAM ) priyaH iti paurapriyaH / 3. mRSAvAdI - mRSA asatyaM vadatIti mRSAvAdI / 4. vratasthaH - vrate tiSThatIti vratasthaH / 5. vighnakaraH - vighnaM karotIti vighnakaraH / 6. rAjazreSThaH - rAjJAM zreSThaH rAjazreSThaH / 7. paradArarataH - pareSAM dArAH paradArAH / paradArAsu rataH paradArarataH / 8. dinakaraH - dinaM (divasa) karotIti dinakaraH / 9. pAyasapUrNA - pAyasena pUrNA pAyasapUrNA / 10. devanirmitam - devaiH nirmitaM devanirmitam / 11. prajAkaram - prajA karotIti prajAkaraH, tam / 12. divyalakSaNam-divyaM lakSaNaM yasya sa divyalakSaNaH, tam / saMkSipta vAlmIki rAmAyaNe bAlakANDam prathamaH khaNDaH sarayUtIre kozalo nAma sphIto mudito janapada AsIt / tasmin svayaM manunA ayodhyA nAma nagarI nirmitA / tatra tu dazaratho nAma rAjA nivasati sma / sa ca rAjazreThaH rapriyo vazI satyAbhisandhaH purIM pAlitavAn / indro yathA amarAvatIm / tasya mantrajJA tijJAzca aSTau mantriNo babhUvuH / pure vA rASTre vA kvacidapi mRSAvAdI naro nAsIt / pi dRSTaH paradAraratazca / sarvaM rASTraM prazAntamAsIt / 141

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tasya tu dharmajJasya sutArthaM tapyamAnasya vaMzakaraH suto na bbhuuv| sutAI cintayamAnasya tasya buddhirAsIt / azvamedhena yajAmi iti| tato dharmAtmA purohitAn amAnayat tAn pUjayitvA ca zlakSNaM vacanam abrviit| mama vai sutArthaM lAlapyamAnasya sukhaM naasti| tadarthaM hayamedhena yakSyAmi iti| anujJAtazca purohitaiH sa yjnymaarbht| putrakAraNAd iSTiM ca praakrmt| tataH pAvakAd adbhutaM bhUtaM praadurbhuut| dinakarasadRzaM pradIptaM tadbhUtaM haste pAyasapUrNapAtrIM dhArayannabravIt-rAjan ! idaM devebhyaH prAptam / tadida devanirmitaM prajAkaraM pAyasaM gRhaann| bhAryAbhyaH prayaccha c| tAsu prApsyasi putrAn iti| tatheti nRpatiH prItaH abhivAdya taM, pravizya cAntaHpuraM kauzalyAmuvAca-pAtrIyaM pAyasaM gRhANa iti arddhaM tataH kauzalyAyai ddau| arddhasyAI sumitraayai| avaziSTaM va kaikeyyai ddau| tat sarvAH prAzya tejasvino garbhAn dhaaryaanyckruH| tato dvAdaze caitre mAse nAvamike tithau kauzalyA divyalakSaNaM putraM rAmam ajynt| kaikeyyA satyaparAkramo bharato jjnye| sumitrA ca lakSmaNazatrughnau jnyaamaas| tadA ayodhyAyAM mahAnutsava AsIt / bAlyAtprabhRti rAmasya lakSmaNaH priyakaraH susnigdhazca babhUva / tena vinA rAmo nindra na labhate / yadA hi rAmo hayamArUDho mRgayA yAti, tadainaM pRSThato lakSmaNo dhanuH paripAlayana yaati| tathaiva lakSmaNAnujaH zatrughno bharatasya pRsstthtoyaati| yadA ca te sarve jJAnina guNasampannAH kIrtimantaH sarvajJA abhavan, tadA pitA dazaratho'tIva hRssttH| atha rAjA teSAM dArakriyAM prati cintayAmAsa / mantrimadhye cintamAnasya tasaM mahAtejo vizvAmitro muniH praaptH| taM pUjayitvA rAjovAca-anugrahIto'ham / parivRddhimicchAmi te kAryasya / na vimarzanamarhati bhvaan| kathayatu bhvaan| kariSyAmi tadazeSeNa / bhavAneva mama daivatam / iti zrutvA vizvAmitra uvAca-sajazreSTha ! vrtstho'smi| tasya tu vratasya mArIcasubAhU nAma dvau rAkSasau kAmarUpiNau vighnkrau| tasmAI vratasampAdanArthaM jyeSThaputro rAmo bhavato me sahAyo bhvtu| iti| pATha 36 - nimna dhAtuoM ke rUpa 'vad' dhAtu ke samAna hI smaraNa kiijie| prathama gaNa, parasmaipada 1. ej (kNpne)-kaaNpnaa-ejti| 2. kaNa (Artasvare)-duHkha ke sAtha ronaa-knnti| 3. kIl (bNdhne)-baaNdhnaa-kiilti|

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4. kuNTha (vaikalye)-lUlA honaa-kunntthti| 5. kUj (avyakte zabde)-aspaSTa AvAz2a krnaa-kuujti| 6. krand (rodane AhvAne ca)-ronA athavA AhvAna krnaa-krndti| 7. krID (vihaare)-khelnaa-kriiddti| 8. kvath (niSpAke)-kaSAya karanA, kAr3hA krnaa-kvthti| . 9. kSar (sNclne)-pighlnaa-kssrti| 10. khan (avadAraNe)-z2amIna khodnaa-khnti| 11. khAd (bhkssnne)-khaanaa-khaadti| 12. khela (kriiddaayaam)-khelnaa-khelti| 13. gad (vyaktAyAM vaaci)-bolnaa-gdti| 14. gam (gaccha) (gtau)-jaanaa-gcchti| vAkya 1. vRkSaH ejti| 2. vRkSau ejtH| 3. vane vRkSA ejnti| 4. tvaM knnsi| 5. yuvAM knnthH| 6. bhittiH sNkucit| 7. te kunntthnti| 8. kAko kuujtH| 9. pakSiNaH kuujnti| 10. bAlakAH krndnti| 11. strIpuruSo krndtH| 12. manuSyaH krndti| 13. sa kutra krIDati ? 14. yuvAM kutra krIDathaH ? 15. AvAM atra kriiddaavH| 16. vayaM tatra kriiddaamH| 17. tailaM kssrti| 18. azvaH zazpaM khaadti| 19. azvau tRNaM khaadtH| 20. azvAH tRNaM khaadnti| vRkSa kAMpatA hai| do vRkSa hilate haiN| vana meM bahuta vRkSa hilate haiN| tU rotA hai| tuma donoM rote ho| dIvAra sikur3atI hai| ve saba lUle hote haiN| do kauve zabda karate haiN| bahuta pakSI zabda karate haiN| lar3ake rote haiN| strI aura puruSa donoM cillAte haiN| eka manuSya rotA hai| vaha kahAM khelatA hai ? tuma donoM kahAM khelate ho ? hama donoM yahAM khelate haiN| hama saba vahAM khelate haiN| tela pighalatA hai| ghor3A ghAsa khAtA hai| do ghor3e ghAsa khAte haiN| bahuta ghor3e ghAsa khAte haiN|

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21. dhanadAsaH khnti| dhanadAsa khodatA hai| 22. te khnnti| ve saba khodate haiN| 23. dhanadAsa-viSNumitrau khntH| dhanadAsa aura viSNumitra donoM khodate haiN| 24. tatra sarve janAH khnnti| vahAM saba loga khodate haiN| 25. bAlako modakaM khaadti| lar3akA laDDu khAtA hai| 26. bAlako modakau khaadtH| do bAlaka laDDu khAte haiN| 27. bAlakAH modakAn khaadnti| bahuta bAlaka bahuta laDa khAte haiN| 28. azvAzca gardabhAzca tRNaM khaadnti| bahuta ghor3e aura bahuta gadhe ghAsa khAte 29. ahaM khelaami| maiM khelatA huuN| 30. rAmazca ahaM ca khelaavH| rAma aura maiM donoM khelate haiN| 31. sarve vayaM khelaamH| hama saba khelate haiN| 32. vayaM gcchaamH| hama saba jAte haiN| pAThaka ukta vAkyoM meM kriyAoM ke rUpa kisa prakAra banAe aura upayoga meM lAe jAte haiM, isakA ThIka-ThIka adhyayana kreN| kartA kA ekavacana ho to kriyA kA , bhI ekavacana honA caahie| kartA kA bahuvacana ho to kriyA kA bhI bahuvacana honA caahie| dekhie gam gatau saH gacchati tau gacchataH te gacchanti tvaM gacchasi yuvAM gacchathaH yUyaM gacchatha ahaM gacchAmi AvAM gacchAvaH vayaM gacchAmaH khela krIDAyAma ahaM khelAmi AvAM khelAvaH vayaM khelAmaH tvaM khelasi yuvAM khelathaH yUyaM khelatha sa khelati tau khelataH te khelanti khAd bhakSaNe tva khAdasi yuvAM khAdathaH yUyaM khAdatha aha khAdAmi AvAM khAdAvaH vayaM khAdAmaH sa khAdati tauM khAdataH te khAdanti

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khan avadAraNe ahaM khanAmi AvAM khanAvaH vaya khanAmaH tvaM khanasi yuvAM khanathaH yUyaM khanatha rAmaH khanati rAmalakSmaNau khanataH rAmalakSmaNazatrughnAH khananti kriyA ke rUpoM kI taiyArI isa prakAra karanI cAhie ki kabhI bhUla na ho| saba kriyAoM ke saba rUpa banAkara isa prakAra likheM uttama puruSa aham - (maiM eka) - vadAmi - (bolatA ha) AvAm - (hama do) - vadAvaH - (bolate haiM) vayam - (hama saba) vadAmaH - (bolate haiM) madhyama puruSa tvam - (tU eka) vadasi - (bolatA hai) yuvAm - (tuma do) - vadathaH - (bolate ho) yUyam - (tuma saba) vadatha - (bolate ho) prathama puruSa saH - (vaha eka) - vadati - (bolatA hai) tau - (ve do) vadataH - (bolate haiM) te - (ve saba) vadanti - (bolate haiM) ina rUpoM ko dekhane se unake prayoga kA patA lgegaa| isako pAThaka vizeSa dhyAnapUrvaka smaraNa rakheM, kabhI na bhuuleN| isI se ve zuddha vAkya banA sakeMge, anyathA nhiiN| kartA aura kriyA kA puruSa aura vacana eka jaisA honA cAhie, jaise hindI meM bhI hotA hai| pATha 37 dharmaH-kartavya karma akrodhaH-zAMti saMvibhAgaH-kArya ke uttama vibhAga yAceta-bhIkha mAMge yajeta-yajJa kare dasyuvadhaH-DAkuoM kA nAza

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146 zaucam-zuddhatA paricaret-sevA kare kathaJcana - kisI prakAra bhI ucyate- kahA jAtA hai chatram - chAtA veSTanam -sAfA yAtayAmam - bAsI, purAnA bhartavyam - poSaNa ke lie yogya pAka - yajJaH - anna kA yajJa avratavAn- niyamahIna kSamA - sahanazIlatA prajanaH - santAna utpanna karanA adrohaH - droha na karanA sArvavarNikaH:- saba varNoM ke sambandha ke Arjavam - sarala svabhAva bhRtya - bharaNam - naukaroM kA poSaNa samApyate - samApta hotA hai dadyAt - dAna kare vakSyAmi - kahUMgA yAjayet-yajJa karAe adhyApayet-sikhAe adhIyIta - sIkhe paripAlayet - pAlana kare raNam - yuddha anupUrvazaH-krama se saJcayaH - saMgraha jAtu - kabhI bhI auzIra-bichaunA upAnahU-jUtA vyaMjanam - paMkhA piNDaH - cAvala kA golA anapatyaH - santAnahIna svAhA - yajJavizeSa vaSaT svayam - qhuda samAsa - vivaraNa 1. anapatyaH - na vidyate apatyaM yasya saH / 2. svAdhyAyAbhyasanam - svAdhyAyasya abhyasanaM svAdhyAyAbhyasanam / 3. pAkayajJaH - pakvannasya yajJaH pAkayajJaH / vacana pATha - mahAbhArata pRthak / matAH / / 1 / / prazna- ke dharmA sarvavarNAnAM cAturvarNyasya ke cAturvarNyAzramANAM ca rAjadharmAzca ke uttara- akrodhaH satyavacanaM saMvibhAgaH kSamA tathA / prajanaH sveSu dAreSu zaucamadroha eva ca / / 2 / / ArjavaM bhRtyabharaNaM tatraite sArvavarNikAH / brAhmaNasya tu yo dharmastaM te vakSayAmi kevalam / / 3 / /

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purAtanam / samApyate / / 4 / / damameva mahArAja dharmamAhuH svAdhyAyAbhyasanaM caiva tatra karma kSatriyasyApi yo dharmastaM te vakSyAmi bhArata / dadyAdrAjanna yAcet yajeta na ca yAjayet / / 5 / / nAdhyApayedadhIyIta prajAzca paripAlayet / nityodyukto dasyuvadhe raNe kuryAtparAkramam / 16 / / dAnamadhyayanaM yajJaH zaucena dhanasaMcayaH / pitRvatpAlayedvaizyo yuktaH sarvAn pazUniha / / 7 / / zUdra etAnparicaret trInvarNAnanupUrvazaH / saJcayAMzca na kurvIta jAtu zUdraH kathaJcana / / 8 / / avazyabharaNIyo hi varNAnAM zUdra ucyate / chAtra veSTanamauzIramupAnadvyajanAni ca / / 9 / / yAtayAmAni deyAni zUdrAya paricAriNe / deyaH piNDo'napatyAya bhartavyau vRddhadurbalau / / 10 / / svAhAkAra vaSaTkArau mantraH zUdre na vidyate / tasmAcchUdraH pAkayajJairyajetAvratavAnsvayam / / 11 / / (1) sarva varNanAM ke-ke dharmAH ? cAturvarNyasya ca ke-ke pRthak dharmAH ? cAturvarNyAzramANAM ca ke dharmAH / rAjadharmAH ca ke matAH ? (2) akrodhaH - na krodhaH / sveSu dAreSu - svakIyAsu strISu / prajanaH - saMtAnotpattiH / zaucaM - zuddhatA / ( 3 ) yo brAhmaNasya dharmaH asti / taM dharmaM te - tubhyaM / vakSyAmi - kathAyiSyAmi - vadiSyAmi (4) damaH-indriyadamanam purAtanaM - sanAtanam / svAdhyAyasya - vedasya / abhyasanaM - adhyayanam / ( 5 ) dadyAt - dAnaM kartavyam / na yAceta - yAcanA na kartavyA / 1 dasyunAM - caurAdInAM duSTAnAM vadhaH dasyuvadhaH / ( 7 ) dhanasya saMcayaH saMgrahaH dhanasaMcayaH / vaizyaH sarvAn pazUn iha yukta svakarmaNi niyuktaH pitRvat yathA pitA svaputrAn pAlayati tathA pAlayet / (8) etAn trivarNAn zUdraH vidyAhInaH paricareta / saMcayAn dhanasya saMgrahaM kathaJcana kadApi zUdra na kurvIta / pATha 38 1. gal (bhakSaNe srAve ca ) 2. guJja (avyakte zabde ) prathama gaNa, parasmaipada = khAnA aura galanA - galati / = aspaSTa zabda karanA - guJjati / 147

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3. guha (saMvaraNe) = gupta rakhanA, ddhaaNpnaa-gRhti| 4. cand (AhlAde dIptau ca) = khuza honA, prkaashnaa-cndti| 5. cam (adane) = bhakSaNa krnaa-cmti| 6. car (gatau) = jaanaa-crti| 7. carc (paribhASaNe) = zAstrArtha krnaa-crcti| 8. carva (adane) = cbaanaa-crvti| 9. cala (kampane) = kAMpanA, hilnaa-clti| 10. caS (bhakSaNe) = khaanaa-cssti| 11. cill (zaithilye) = DhIlA honaa-cillti| 12. cumbU (vaktra saMyoge) = cumbana karanA, cuumnaa-cumbti| 13. cUSa (pAne) = piinaa-cuussti| 14. jap (vyaktAyAM vAci mAnase ca) = japanA, (dhyAna se jpnaa)-jpti| 15. jam (adane) = khaanaa-jmti| 16. jalpa (vyaktAyAM vAci) = bolnaa-jlpti| 17. jinv (prINane) = khuza honaa-jinvti| ukta dhAtuoM ke kucha rUpa saH glti| tau gltH| te glnti| tvaM gunyjsi| yuvAM gunyjthH| yUyaM gunyjth| ahaM cndaami| AvAM cndaavH| vayaM cndaamH| ahaM jmaami| AvAM jmaavH| vayaM jmaamH| tvaM crsi| yuvAM crthH| yUyaM crth| saH carcati tau crctH| te crcnti| tvaM clsi| yuvAM clthH| yUyaM clth| ahaM cssaami| AvAM cssaavH| vayaM cssaamH| aha cillaami| AvAM cillaavH| vayaM cillaamH| tvaM cumbsi| yuvAM cumbthH| yUyaM cumbth| sa cuussti| tau cuusstH| te cuussnti| ahaM jpaami| AvAM jpaavH| vayaM jpaamH| tvaM jmsi| yuvAM jmthH| yUyaM jmth| sa jlpti| tau jlptH| te jlpnti| tvaM jinvsi| yuvAM jinvthH| yUyaM jinvth|

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kokilaH kathaM gunyjti| shRnnu| tatra vRkSe dvau kokilau gunyjtH| atra dvau brAhmaNau jptH| tvaM kimarthaM jlpsi| sa sarvaM gRhti| saMskRta meM parasmaipada aura Atmanepada nAmaka, do pada hote haiN| inakA vizeSa vicAra Age kiyA jaaegaa| yahA~ taka dhAtu parasmaipada ke hI die gaye haiN| parasmaipada-gacchati, vadati, karoti, bhvti| Atmanepada-edhate, IkSate, vadate, bhaasste| Atmanepada ke dhAtuoM ke lie anta meM 'te' pratyaya lagatA hai aura parasmaipada ke anta meM 'ti' lagatA hai| isa samaya Apa itanA hI pharka samajha liijie| vartamAna kAla parasmaipada ke lie pratyaya ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa ... uttama puruSa maH ye pratyaya kisa prakAra lagate haiM, isakA jJAna nimna rUpa dekhane se ho skegaa| gaccha-ti gaccha-taH gaccha-nti gaccha-si gaccha-thaH gaccha-tha gacchA-mi gacchA-vaH gacchA-maH nti ti thaH vaH vada-ti vada-taH vada-nti vada-si vada-thaH vada-tha vadA-mi vadA-vaH vadA-maH uttama puruSa ke pratyayoM se pahale 'a' ke sthAna para 'A' hotA hai| jaise-gacchAmi, vadAmi, jalpAmi, japAmi, tapAmi ityaadi| ukta pratyaya lagAkara saba dhAtuoM ke rUpa banAiye aura likhie-rUpa likhane kA DhaMga nIce diyA jA rahA hai jIvana - (prANa dhAraNe) = jItA rahanA, jInA

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parasmaipada, vartamAna kAla, prathama gaNa uttama puruSa 1. ahaM jIvAmi-maiM jItA huuN| 2. AvAM jIvAvaH-hama donoM jIte haiN| 3. vayaM jIvAmaH-hama saba jIte haiN| madhyama puruSa 1. tvaM jIvasi-tU jItA hai| 2. yuvAM jIvathaH-tuma donoM jIte ho| 3. yUyaM jIvatha-tuma saba jIte ho| prathama puruSa 1. sa jIvati-vaha jItA hai| 2. to jIvataH-ve donoM jIte haiN| 3. te jIvanti-ve saba jIte haiN| jaisA pahale kahA jA cukA hai, kAla tIna hote haiM-(1) vartamAna kAla, (2) bhUtakAla, (3) bhaviSyat kaal| gata samaya ko bhUtakAla kahate haiM, jo cala rahA hai vaha vartamAna kAla hai aura jo AnevAlA hai vaha bhaviSyat kAla / vartamAna kAla-sa japa-ti = vaha japa katA hai| bhUtakAla-sa ajapa-t = usane japa kiyaa| bhaviSyat kAla-sa japiSyati vaha japa kregaa| vartamAna kAla ke pratyayoM ke pUrva 'Sya' lagAne se bhaviSyat kAla banatA hai| jaise japiSyati japiSyasi japiSyAmi *gamiSyati gamiSyasi gamiSyAmi caliSyati caliSyasi caliSyAmi japiSyataH japiSyathaH japiSyAvaH gamiSyataH gamiSyathaH gamiSyAvaH caliSyataH caliSyathaH caliSyAvaH japiSyanti japiSyatha japiSyAmaH gamiSyanti gamiSyatha gamiSyAmaH caliSyanti caliSyatha caliSyAmaH 15ol* bhaviSyat kAla meM gam dhAtu ke lie gaccha Adeza nahIM hotaa|

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isI prakAra saba dhAtuoM ke rUpa Apa AsAnI se banA sakate haiN| bhaviSyat kAla ke rUpa banAnA bhI koI kaThina nahIM hai| pATha 39 yAcyamAna-mAMgA huA vigata-cetanaH-behoza muhUrta-ghar3I-bhara zreyaH-kalyANa rAjIvam-kamala locanam-netra kUTam-kapaTa viyogaH-dUra honA pratizrutya-sunakara hAtum-chor3ane ke lie viparyayaH-ulaTA prakAra protsAhita-joza utpanna kiyA Ahvayat-bulAyA abhivarSataH-varSA karate haiM (ve donoM) svena-apane bahurUpa-bahuta prakAra pratyuvAca-uttara diyA Una-kama, nyUna kAlopama-mRtyu ke sadRza sakrodha-krodha ke sAtha samprati-aba ayukta-ayogya kulam-vaMza muSTi-mUTha vadanam-mu~ha anujagmatuH-pIche se gaye salilam-jal dadAmi-detA hUM kSutpipAse-bhUkha aura pyAsa sampanna-yukta zaratkAlIna-zarad Rtu kA divAkara-sUrya ikSvAku-kula kA nAma dAruNa-bhayAnaka nAga-hAthI, sAMpa zakraH-indra AvRtya-gherakara niSkaNTakaM-nirupadrava nRzaMsa-burA, niMdya anRzaMsa-stutya prahRSTa-khuza azvinopamau-azvinI kumAroM ke sadRza arghayojana-eka koza, do mIla balAatibalA- vidyAoM ke nAma spRSTvA-sparza karake pratigRhItavAn-liyA dadRzAte-dekhA nAvam-naukA zivam-kalyANayukta kAlAtyayaH-samaya kA atikrama samApti-samayaH-samApti kA kAla / kathayAJcakruH-kahA Arohatu-car3ho

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samAsa 1. vigatacetanaH-vigatA cetanA yasya sH| 2. prahRSTaMvadanaH-prahRSTaM vadanaM yasya sH| 3. vidyAsampannaH-vidyayA smpnnH| 4. rajomeghaH-rajasaH meghH| 5. prajArakSaNakAraNAt-prajAyAH rakSaNaM prajArakSaNam tasya kAraNAt / saMkSipta-vAlmIki rAmAyaNe bAlakANDam dvitIyaH khaNDaH putraM rAmacandraM muninA yAcyamAnaM zrutvA rAjA dazarathastAvad vigatacetana iva muhUrta babhUva / vizvAmitraH punruvaac| punaH punarapi vrataM sampAdya samAptisamaya evaitau rAkSasau vediM mAMsarudhireNa abhivarSataH / rAmastu svena divyena tejasA rAkSasAnAM vinAzane shktH| asmai zreyazca bahurUpaM pradAsyAmi / yajJasya dazarAtraM hi rAjIvalocanaM rAmaM dAtumarhasi iti| dazarathastu pratyuvAca / UnaSoDazavarSo me rAmaH / na yogyo rAjIvalocano rakSasAm / rAkSasA hi kuuttyuddhaaH| api ca naiva jIvAmi rAmasya viyoge muhuurtmpi| kAlopamau ca maariic-subaahuu| ato na dAsyAmi putrakam iti| kauzikastu pratyuvAca sakrodham / artha pratizrutyApi samprati pratijJAM hAtumicchasi / ayukto'yaM viparpayo rAghavANAM kulasya iti| evaM vizvAmitrasya krodhena bhIto dazarathaH, vasiSThena ca saMmantrya protsaahitH| tataH prahyaSTavadanaH salakSmaNaM rAmamAhvayat kuzikaputrAya tau dadau ca / tAvapi rAmalakSmaNau dhanuSI gRhItvA pitAmahasadRzaM vizvAmitramazvinopamau kumaaraavnujgmtuH| ardhayojanaM gatvA sarayUnadItIre vizvAmitro rAmamuvAca-vatsa, salilaM gRhaann| nAnAvidhAn mantrAn vidye ca balAtibale nAma tubhyaM ddaami| AbhyAM vidyAbhyAM te kSutpipAse api na bhaviSyat iti| rAmo'pi jalaM spRSTvA prahRSTavadanaH pratigRhItavAn etAn mntraan| evaM vidyasampanno rAmaH zobhito yathA zaratkAlIno divaakrH| agragAminau ca tau vIrau rAjaputrau tato gaGgA-sarayU-saGgame puNyamAzramapadamekaM sadRzAte / munayo'pi tatrasthAH zubhAM nAvamekAm AnIya vizvAmitraM kthyaanyckru| Arohatu bhavAn rAjaputraiH saha naavm| zivAste panthAnaH sntu| kAlAtyayo na bhavatu iti| vizvAmitrazca tAn RSIn pUjayAmAsa / pazcAcca sa rAjaputrAbhyAM sahitaH gaGgAM tatAra / atidhArmikau ca tau rAjaputrau dakSiNaM tIramAsAdya nadIbhyAM praNAmaM kRtvntau| tato ghora saGkAzaM vanaM dRSTvA sa ikSvAku-nandano rAmo mucizreSThaM vizvAmitraM pprcch| aho sazrIkaM vnm| kiM param - atidaarunnm|

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vizvAmitra uvAca / vIrazreSTha atra khalu purA dhanadhAnya saMpannau sphItau janapadAveva suciram AstAm / kAlAntare tu tAr3akA nAma nAgasahasrabalaM dhArayantI kAmarUpiNI rAkSasI bbhuuv| sA ca sundasya bhAryA parAkrameNa zakrasadRzo mArIcastu tasyaH putrH| evaMvidhA tu sA'dhunA panthAnam atyardhayojanam AvRtya tisstthti| ataeva ca vanametad gantavyamasmAbhiH bAhubalena, tvam imAM duSTacAriNIM hantum arhasi / mamAjJayA niSkaNTakam imaM dezaM kuru / tasyA hi kAraNAd IdRzamapi dezaMna kaJcid aagcchti| ataH strIvadhe'pi maiva ghRNAM kuru / cAturvarNyasya hitArthe hi prajArakSaNa-kAraNAd rAjasUnunA nRzaMsaM vA anRzaMsaM vA karma kartavyam iti| evamukto rAmacandro dhanurdharo dhanurmadhye muSTiM babandha / zabdena dizo nAdayan tIvrajyAghoSaM cAkarot / rAkSasAH tu tadA krodhAndhAstatra praaptaaH| rAghavau cobhau tathA muhUrtaM rajomeghena vimohitau| kintu tAm azanImiva vegena patantImapi vikrAntAM zareNa rAmaH urasi vidaaryaanyckaar| sA papAta mamAra c| pATha 40 aba Apa parasmaipadI prathama gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke rUpa banA sakate haiN| saMskRta meM dhAtuoM ke dasa gaNa hote haiM jinameM se pahale gaNa ke kaI dhAtu die jA cuke haiN| Age anya gaNoM ke dhAtuoM ke sAtha ApakA paricaya karAyA jaaegaa| kaI pAThoM taka prathama gaNa ke parasmaipadI dhAtu hI dene haiM isalie inake rUpoM ko ThIka se smaraNa kIjiye jvara (roga) = bukhAra honA-1 gaNa-parasmaipada vartamAna-kAlaH prathama puruSa jvarati jvarataH madhyama puruSa jvarasi jvarathaH uttama puruSa jvarAmi jvarAvaH bhaviSya-kAlaH jvaranti jvaratha jvarAmaH prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa uttama puruSa jvariSyati jvariSyasi jvariSyAmi jvariSyataH jcariSyathaH jvariSyAvaH jvariSyanti jvariSyatha jvariSyAmaH 153

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jvalAmaH jval-(dIptau) = jalAnA-1 gaNa-parasmaipada vartamAna-kAlaH prathama puruSa jvalati jvalataH jvalanti madhyama puruSa jvalasi jvalathaH jvalatha uttama puruSa jvalAmi jvalAvaH bhaviSya-kAlaH prathama puruSa jvaliSyati jvaliSyataH jvaliSyanti madhyama puruSa jvaliSyasi jvaliSyathaH jvaliSyatha uttama puruSa jvaliSyami jvaliSyAvaH jvaliSyAmaH nimnalikhita dhAtuoM ke rUpa pUrvavat hote haiM gaNa prathama (parasmaipada) 1. takS (tanUkaraNe) = chIlanA-takSati, tkssissyti| 2. tandra (avasAde) (mohe ca) = thakanA, mAnasika moha honA-tandrati, tndrissyti| 3. tapa (saMtApe) = tapanA-tapati, tpsyti| (isa dhAtu kA 'tapiSyati' nahIM hotaa)| 4. tarja (bhartsane) = nindA karanA, dhamakAnA-tarjati, trjissyiti| 5. tud (vyathane) = duHkha honA-tudati, totsyti| (isakA bhaviSyakAla kA rUpa yAda rkheN)| 6. tuDu (toDne anAdare ca) = tor3anA, anAdara karanA-tUDati, tuuddissyti| 7. tUSu (tuSTau) = saMtuSTa honA-tUSati, tuussissyti| 8. tR (tara) (plavane taraNayoH) = tairanA, pAra honA-tarati, trissyti| trissyaami| 9. teja (nizAne pAlane ca) = teja karanA, pAlana karanA-tejati, tejissyti| 10. toD (anAdare) = nirAdara karanA-toDati, toddissyti| 11. tyaj (hAnau) = tyAganA-tyajati, tykssyti| (isa dhAtu kA bhaviSya kA rUpa smaraNa rkheN)| 12. tvakS (tanUkaraNe) = chIlanA-tvakSati, tvkssissyti| 13. dal (vidAraNe) = tor3anA, phaTanA-dalati, dlissyti| 14. daha (bhasmIkaraNe) = jalAnA-dahati, dhkssti| (isa dhAtu kA bhaviSya kA

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rUpa yAda kara leM ) / 15. dA (lavane) = kATanA- dAti, dAsyati / 1 16. dRz (pazya) (prekSaNe) = dekhanA - pazyati, pazyataH, pazyanti / drakSyati, drakSyataH, drakSyanti / ( isa dhAtu ke rUpa smaraNa rakheM) / 17. dRhU (vRddhau) bar3hanA - bRMhati, dRhiSyati / 18. dR (dar) (bhaya) = DaranA - darati, dariSyati / 19. dhurvA (hiMsAyAm ) = hiMsA karanA - dhUrvati, dhUrviSyati / 20. dhR (dhar ) ( dhAraNe) = = dhAraNa karanA - dharati, dhariSyati / 21. dhvan (zabde) zabda karanA - dhvanati, dhvaniSyati / 22. naT (nRtau) nAcanA, nATaka karanA - naTati, naTiSyati / 23. nad (avyakte zabde ) = aspaSTa zabda karanA - nadati / 24. nand (samRddhau) = sukhI honA - nandati, nandiSyati / 25. nam (pratve zabde ca ) = namana karanA, zabda karanA-namati namsyati / ( isa dhAtu kA bhaviSya kA rUpa yAda kara leM ) / nindA karanA - nindiSyati / le jAnA - nayati, neSyati / = = 26. nind (kutsAyAm) 27. nI (nay) ( prApaNe) 28. pac (pAke) = pakAnA - pacati, pakSyati, pakSyasi, pakSyAmi / ( isake bhaviSya ke rUpa yAda kara leM ) / = = 29. paTh (vAcane) = par3hanA - paThati, paThiSyati / 30. pat ( gatau ) = giranA - patati, patiSyati / 31. pA (pAne) = pInA - pibati, pibasi, pibAmi / pAsyati, pAsyasi, pAsyAmi / (ye rUpa yAda kIjie ) vAkya 1. tvaSTA kASThaM takSati / 2. vizvAmitraH tapati / 3. vAnarau tarataH / 4. mahiSAH taranti / 5. sa zastraM tejiSyati / 6. tau tyajataH / 7. agniH dahati / 8. bAlakAH pazyanti / 9. vayaM drakSyAmaH / bar3haI lakar3I chIlatA hai / vizvAmitra tapa karatA do bandara tairate haiM / hai 1 bhaiMseM tairate haiM 1 vaha zastra tez2a karegA / ve donoM chor3ate haiM / Aga jalAtI hai / lar3ake dekhate haiN| hama saba dekheNge| 155

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10. sUryaH ekAkI crti| sUrya akelA calatA hai| 11. zRNu ! kathaM jalaM ndti| suna ! kisa prakAra jala zabda karatA hai| 12. paramezvaraM nmaami| paramezvara ko namana karatA huuN| 13. sa tatra nessyti| vaha vahA~ le jaaegaa| 14. devadattaH pcti| devadatta pakAtA hai| 15. bAlakaH ptthti| lar3akA par3hatA hai| 16. mama putrau ptthtH| mere do bAlaka par3hate haiN| manuSyau vane vRkSaM tksstH| kaH tatra prAtaHkAle sandhyopAsanAM karoti ? ahaM nityaM, nadItIraM gatvA tatra sandhyopAsanAM kromi| idAnIM ko nadIM tariSyati ? vizvAmitra-yajJadattau tariSyataH / nhi| sarve mnussyaastrissynti| tvaM taM kimarthaM tyajasi ? gRhe agniclti| gRhAd bahiH agniH na jvlissyti| idAnIM tvAM ko drakSyati / sarve'pi atratyAH drkssynti| manuSyAH pshynti| manuSyau pazyataH / yUyaM pazyatha / yaH jAgarti sa eva gacchatu / yajJamitro dharmaM tyaktvA adharmya karma kroti| saH clti| ahaM tvayA saha clissyaami| naTo nttti| idAnIM nATakasya smyH| tvam Agaccha ikSudaNDarasaM pib| svanagaraM yAhi / sa kandAn pcti| tau kandAn pctH| te sarvepi kandAn pcnti| pATha 41 zabda bhaikSyacaryam-bhikSA mAMgakara bhojana karanA purANa-sanAtana gArhasthyam-gRhasthAzrama mahAzrama-mahAn Azrama sa-dAraH-strI sameta prAhuH-kahate haiM a-dAraH-strI rahita dvijAtitvaM-dvijapana samadhItya-uttama prakAra se adhyayana karake saMyata-saMyamI dharmavit-dharma jAnane vAlA kRtakRtya-jisake kRtya paripUrNa ho cuke akSara-avinAzI brahma prazasta-stutya UrdhvaretAH-jisake vIrya kA patana nahIM mokSiNaH-mokSa ko jAnanevAle hotA pradhAna-mukhya pravrajitvA-saMnyAsa lekara 156 tyAga-dAna svadhAkAraH-annayajJa

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rati-ramanA sevitavya-sevana karane yogya pAlyamAna-pAlane yogya agryam-mukhya samAsa 1. sadAraH-dArAbhiH shitH| 2. adAraH-na vidyante dArAH yasya sa adaarH| 3. saMyatendriyaH-saMyatAni indriNi yasya sH| 4. kRtakRtyaH-kRtaM kRtyaM yena sH|| 5. rAjadharmapradhAnAH-rAjJaH dharmaH rAjadhamaH, rAjadharmaH pradhAnaH yeSu te raajdhrmprdhaanaaH| vaacnpaatthH| mahAbhAratam vAnaprasthaM bhaikSyacarya gArhasthyaM ca mahAzramam / brahmacaryAzramaM prAhuzcaturthaM brAhmaNairvRtam / / 1 / / jaTA-dhAraNa-saMskAraM dvijAtitvaM mayApya c| AdhAnAdIni karmANi prApya vedamadhItya c|| 2 / / sadAro vA'pyadAro vA aatmvaansNytendriyH| vAnaprasthAzramaM gacchetkRtakRtyo gRhAzramAt / / 3 / / tatrAraNyaka zAstrANi samadhItya sa dhrmvit| UrdhvaretAH pravrajitvA gacchatyakSarasAtmatAm / / 4 / / satyArjavaM cAtithipUjanaM c| dharmastathA'rthazca ratiH svdaaraiH|| niSevitavyAni sukhAni loke| hyasminpare caiva mataM mamaitat / / 5 / / sarve dharmAH raajdhrmprdhaanaaH| (2) jaTAdhAraNa saMskAraM brahmacaryA rUpaM kRtvA dvijAtitvaM avApya prApya ca AdhAnAdIni yajJakarmANi prApya kRtvA vedaM ca adhItya, vedasya adhyayanaM kRtvaa| (3) sadAraH strIyuktaH vA adAraH strIrahitaH vA AtmavAn AtmajJAnavAn saMyatendriyaH vazI vAnaprasthAzramaM gacchet / gRhasthAzramAt kRtakRtyaH bhUtvA, gRhasthAzramasya sarvaM karma yathAyogyaM kRtvaa| (4) tatra vAnaprasthAzrame AraNyakazAstrANi samadhItya samyak adhItya dharmavit dharmajJaH saH puruSaH UrdhvaretAH bhUtvA pravrajitvA akSarasAtmatAM paratmAsAyujyaM gcchti| (5) he vizAmpate ! he rAjan ! carita brahmacaryasya mokSiNaH mumukSoH manuSyasya iha bhaikSyacaryA eva svadhAkAraH prshstH|

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sarve varNA pAlyamAnAH bhvnti|| sarvastyAgo rAjadharmeSu raajn| tyAgaM dharmaM cAhuragryaM puraannm||6|| caritabrahmacaryasya brAhmaNasya vishaampte| bhaikSyacaryA svadhAkAraH prazasta i imokSiNaH / / 7 / / pATha 42 prathama gaNa (parasmaipada) pUS (vRddhau) puSTa honA vartamAna kAla saH pUSati tvaM pUSasi ahaM pUSAmi tau pUSataH yuvAM pUSathaH AvAM pUSAvaH te pUSanti yUyaM pUSatha vayaM pUSAmaH bhaviSyakAla saH pUSiSyati tvaM pUSiSyasi ahaM pUSiSyAmi tau pUSiSyataH yuvAM pUSiSyathaH AvAM pUSiSyAvaH te pUSiSyanti yUyaM pUSiSyatha vayaM pUSiSyAmaH dhaatu| prathama gnn| parasmaipada 1. phal (niSpattau) = phala utpanna honA-phalati, phlaami| phaliSyati, phlissyaami| 2. phulla (vikasane) = khulanA, phUlanA-phullati, phullaami| phulliSyati, phullissyaami| 3. bukk (bhaSaNe) = bhauMkanA, bolanA-bukkati, bukkaami| bukkiSyati, bukkissyaami| (6) satyam ArjavaM saralatA atithipUjanam, dharmaH dharmAnuSThAnaM, arthaH dravyArjanam, svadAraiH syIkIyayA dharmapatnyA saha ratiH etAni sukhAni loke nissevitvyaani| pare zreSThe hi asmindharme dharmaviSaye mama etat matam asti| (7) he rAjan ! rAjadharmeSu sarvaH 158] tyaagH| tyAgaM dharmaM dAnamayaM dharmaM purANaM sanAtanam agryaM mukhyaM ca aahuH|

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4. budhU (bodha) (bodhane) = jAnanA - vodhati, bodhAmi / bodhiSyati, bodhiSyAmi / bar3hanA - barhati, barhAmi / barhiSyati, barhiSyAmi / bar3hanA, zabda karanA-vRMhati, vRMhAmi / vRMhiSyati, vRMhiSyAmi / 5. bRhU (bahU) (vRddhau) = 6. vRMhU (vRddhau zabde ca ) 8. bhaj (sevAyAM) 7. bhakSa (adane ) = khAnA - bhakSati, bhakSAmi / bhakSiSyati / bhakSiSyAmi / sevA karanA - bhajati, bhajAmi / bhakSyati / bhakSyAmi / bolanA - bhaNati, bhaNAmi / bhaNiSyati, bhaNiSyAmi / zva rave ) = apavAna, kutte kA bhauMkanA - bhaSati, bhASAmi / bhaSiSyati, bhabiSyAmi / 11. bhU (sattAyAm ) honA - bhavati, bhaviSyati / 12. bhUS (alaGkAre) = sajAnA, alaMkAra DAlanA - bhUSati, bhUSAmi / bhUSiSyati, 9. bhaN (zabde) 10. bhaS ( bhASaNe, = 1=1 = = bhUSiSyAmi / 13. bhR ( bhara ) ( bharaNe) = bharanA - bhatati, bharAmi / bhariSyati, bhariSyAmi / 14. bhram (calane) = calanA - bhramati, bhramAmi / bhramiSyati / bhramiSyAmi / 15. maNDU ( bhUSAyAm ) suzobhita karanA - maNDati, maNDAmi / maNDiSyati, maNDiSyAmi / = 16. math ( viloDanA) = mathanA, bilonA - mathati, mathAmi / mathiSyati, mathiSyAmi / 17. many (viloDane) = manthana karanA - manthati, manthAmi / manthiSyati, manthiSyAmi / 18. mahU (pUjAyAm ) = sammAna karanA - mahati, mahAmi / mahiSyati, mahiSyAmi / 19. mArga (anveSaNe) = DhUMDhanA - mArgati, mArgAmi / mArgiSyati, mArgiSyAmi / 20. muD (moDa) ( mardane) = mor3anA, tor3anA - moDati, moDAmi / moDiSyati, moDiSyAmi / 21. muNDU ( khaNDane) = hajAmata karanA - muNDati, muNDAmi / muNDiSyati, muNDiSyAmi / 22. mUrcha (mohe) behoza honA - mUrcchati, mUrcchAmi / mUrcchiSyati, mUrcchiSyAmi / 23. mUS (steye) corI karanA - mUSati, mUSAmi / mUSiSyati, mUSiSyAmi / 24. mlecchU (avyakte zabde ) = azuddha bolanA - mlecchati, mlecchAmi / mlecchaSyati, mlecchiSyAmi / = = 1. sa mlecchti| 2. tvaM na mlecchasi / 3. tau mUSataH / 25. yaj (pUjAyAm) = yajJa karanA - yajati, yajAmi yakSyati, yakSyAmi / ( isakA bhaviSya kAla smaraNa rakhane yogya hai / ) vAkya vaha zuddha bolatA hai 1 tU azuddha nahIM bolatA / ve donoM corI karate haiM / 159

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4. yuvAM na muussthH| tuma donoM corI nahIM krte| 5. AvAM yjaavH| hama donoM yajJa karate haiN| 6. rAmalakSmaNau yjtH| rAma aura lakSmaNa havana karate haiN| 7. tatra stenA muussnti| vahAM bahuta cora corI karate haiN| 8. sa muurcchti| vaha behoza hotA hai| 9. yuvAM na muurcchthH| tuma donoM behoza nahIM hote| 10. rAtrau na muurcchnti| rAtri meM ve behoza hote haiN| 11. ahaM tvAM munnddaami| maiM tujhe mUMDatA huuN| 12. tau nApitau munnddtH| ve donoM nAI hajAmata banAte haiN| 13. tatra trayo'pi nApitAH munnddnti| vahAM tInoM nAI hajAmata banAte haiN| 14. sa tatra kASThaM moddti| vaha vahAM lakar3I tor3atA hai| 15. ahamazvaM maargaami| maiM ghor3e ko DhUMr3hatA huuN| 16. sa mhissyti| vaha sammAnita hogaa| 17. tvaM dadhi mathasi kim ? kyA tU dahI mathatA hai ? 18. nahi, ahaM jalameva mthaami| nahIM, maiM jala hI mathatA huuN| 19. sa svakIyaM zarIraM mnnddti| vaha apanA zarIra suzobhita karatA hai| 20. tau azvaM mnnddtH| ve donoM ghor3e ko suzobhita karate haiN| vAkya ahaM bhrmaami| jalaM kumbhena bhrti| tvaM zarIraM bhuusssi| tau bhrmtH| te sarvepi ziSyAH guravazca tatra parvate bhrmnti| ahaM idAnIM naiva bhrmaami| sUryasya prakAzaH bhvti| sa kiM bhnnti| tvaM kiM na bhakSasi ? tau IzvaraM bhjtH| AvAM na bhjaavH| te sarve IzvaraM bhajanti kim ? tvaM gAM kadA bhUSayiSyasi ? AvAm azvau bhUSayiSyAvaH / tvaM tam evaM bhnnsi| sa vRkSa idAnIM phlti| te vRkSA idAnIM-kimarthaM na phalanti ? tau vRkSau idAnImeva phltH| vRkSaH phullti| vRkSau phulltH| udyAne sAyaMkAle sarve vRkSAH phullanti / ahaM bodhAmi / tvaM bodhasi kim ? kathaM sa na bodhati ? vRkSaH barhati / azvo brhtH| kAkaH phalaM bhkssti| kAkau phale bhksstH| kAkAH phalAni bhvnti| azvAH jalaM pibnti| tava putrAH bodhanti kim ? tau bodhataH / te sarve na bodhanti / ahaM zvaH ykssyaami| te parazvo ykssynti| yuvAM kadA ykssythH| 160

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taH nti thaH syatha syAmaH pATha 43 prathama gnn| parasmaipada prathama gaNa parasmaipada ke dhAtuoM ke vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke rUpa aba pAThaka svayaM banA sakate haiN| vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke pratyaya nIce diye jA rahe haiM vartamAna kAla ke lie pratyaya ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana prathama puruSa ___......ti madhyama puruSa ........si uttama puruSa .......mi bhaviSyakAla ke liye pratyaya prathama puruSa .......syati syataH syanti madhyama puruSa .......syasi syathaH uttama puruSa .......syAmi syAvaH ___ yAca (yAJcAyAma)-mAMganA-prathama gaNa yAcati yAcataH yAcanti yAcasi yAcathaH yAcatha yAcAmi yAcAvaH yAcAmaH prsmaipd| bhaviSyakAla yAciSyati yAciSyataH yAciSyanti yAciSyasi yAciSyathaH yAciSyatha yAciSyAmi yAciSyAvaH yAciSyAmaH bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya lagane ke pUrva dhAtu ke anta meM 'I' AtI hai| 'i' ke pazcAt AnevAle 'sa' kA 'Sa' ho jAtA hai isalie rUpa 'yAciSyAmi' banatA hai| 'pA' dhAtu kA 'pAsyAmi' rUpa hotA hai kyoMki vahA~ 'i' nahIM hai, isalie 'svAmi' kA 'SyAmi' nahIM hogaa| jina pratyayoM ke prArambha meM 'ma' athavA 'va' hotA hai, unake pUrva kA 'a' dIrgha ho jAtA hai arthAt usakA 'A' bana jAtA hai| jaisA-yAcAmi, yAcAvaH, yaacissyaami| prathama gaNa vartamAna kAla ke pratyaya lagane ke pUrva dhAtu ke aura pratyaya ke bIcamA

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162 meM prathama gaNa kA cinha 'a' lagatA hai / jaiserakSa ( pAlane ) - pAlanA - prathama gaNa / parasmaipada / rakS+a+ti = rakSati prathama puruSa rakS+a+taH = rakSataH rakS+a+nti = rakSanti rakS+a+si = rakSasi rakS+a+thaH = rakSathaH rakS+a+thaH = rakSathaH rakS+A+mi rakSAmi rakS+A+vaH = rakSAvaH uttama puruSa rakS+A+maH = rakSAmaH 'mi, vaH, maH' ye pratyaya lagane se pUrva 'a' kA 'A' ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra = rakS+i+syati = rakSiSyati rakS+i+syasi = rakSiSyasi rakS + i + syAmi = rakSiSyAmi madhyama puruSa isameM 'sya' kA 'Sya' ikAra ke kAraNa huA hai / 'mi' ke pUrva akAra kA AkAra 'ukta niyama ke anusAra hI huA hai / aba agale pATha meM bhUtakAla ke pratyaya de rahe haiM, isalie pAThaka ina rUpoM ko ThIka se yAda kreN| 1. raT (paribhASaNe) = pukAranA-raTati, rttissyti| 2. raNa (zabde ) = bolanA - raNati, raNiSyati / 8. lag (saGge) 9. laj (bharjane) dhAtu / prathama gaNa / parasmaipada 3. rad (vilekhane) = khuracanA - radati, radiSyati / 4. rap (vyaktAyAM vAci) = bolanA-rapati, rapiSyati / = tyAganA - rahati, rahiSyati / 5. rahU (tyAge) 6. rahU (gatau ) = jAnA - rahati, rahiSyati / 7. ruh (roh) (bIjajanmani) = bIja se vRkSa honA - rohati, rohAmi / rokSyati / rokSyAmi / isa dhAtu ke bhaviSyakAla meM 'sya' ke pUrva 'i' nahIM hotI / = laganA - lagati, lagiSyati / bhUnanA - lajati, lajiSyati / =

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10. laD (vilAse) = khelanA-laDati, lddissyti| 11. lap (vyaktAyAM vAci) = bolanA-lapati, lpissyti| 12. lal (vilAse) = khelanA-lalati, llissyti| 13. las (krIDane) = khelanA-lasati, lsissyti| 14. lAj (bhartsane bharjane ca) = doSa denA, bhuunnaa-laajti| 15. luT (loT) (viloDane) = luTakAnA-loTati, lottissyti| 16. luNTha (steye) = curAnA, DAkA mAranA-luNThati, lunntthissyti| 17. lubh (lobha) (gAharya) = lobha karanA-lobhati, lobhissyti| 18. vac (paribhASe) = bolanA-vacati, vkssyti| (isa dhAtu meM bhaviSya meM 'i' nahIM lagatI) 19. vaJc (gatau) = jAnA-vaJcati, vnycissyti| 20. vad (vyaktAyAM vAci) = bolanA-vadati, vdissyti| 21. van (zabde saMbhaktau ca) = bolanA-sammAna karanA, sahAya krnaa| vanati, vnissyti| 22. vap (bIjasaMtAne) = bIja bonA-vapati, vpsyti| (isa dhAtu ke lie 'i' ___ nahIM lgtii|) 23. vam (ugiraNe) = vamana, kai karanA-vamati, vmissyti| 24. vas (nivAsa) = rahanA-vasati, vatsyati, vatsyAmi / vatsyasi (isa dhAtu ke bhaviSya ke rUpa ikAra ke binA hone se 'sa' ke sthAna para 'ta' hotA hai) 25. vaha (prApaNe) = je jAnA-vahati, vahasi, vhaami| vakSyati, vakSyasi, vkssyaami| (isa dhAtu ke bhaviSyakAla ke rUpa smaraNa rkhie|) 26. vAJcha (vAJchAyAm) = icchA karanA-vAJchati, vAJchasi, vaanychaami| vAJchiSyati, vAJchiSyasi, vaanychissyaami| 27. vRSa (vaSa) (secane) = barasanA-varSati, vrssissyti| 28. braj (gatau) = jAnA-vrajati, vrjissyti| vAkya 1. AvAM vrjaavH| hama donoM jAte haiN| 2. megho vrssti| bAdala barasatA hai| 3. tvaM ki vAJchasi ? tU kyA cAhatA hai ? 4. balIvardo rathaM vhti| baila gAr3I le jAtA hai| 5. yuvAM kutra vasathaH ? tuma donoM kahAM rahate ho ? 163

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___rA annaM vapati / tau vapataH / te vahanti / vyaM vAMchAmaH / tau vadiSyataH / te vdnti| tvaM ki vadasi ? sa atIva lobhti| vRkSA rohnti| kim udyAne vRkSA na rohanti ? parvate bahavo vRkSA rohnti| te sarve'pi pATaliputranAmake nagare vtsynti| yUyaM kutra vatsyatha ? vayaM vArANasI kSetre vatsyAmaH / balIvardA rathAn vahanti / balIvardI rathau vhtH| putrAH vadanti / putrau vdtH| sa vaanychti| tau vaanychtH| annaM sarve janA vaanychnti| idAnIM dvau manuSyau jalaM vaanychtH| ahaM vdissyaami| AvAM vadiSyAvaH / vayaM vdissyaamH| sarve vdissynti| yUyaM kimarthaM na vadatha ? pATha 44 bhUtakAla prathama gnn| parasmaipada / dhAtu ke pUrva 'a' lagAkara bhUtakAla ke pratyaya lagAne se bhUtakAla bana jAtA hai| jaise, budh = jaannaa| rUpaH ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa uttama puruSa abodhat abodhaH abodham abodhatAm abodhatam abodhAva abodhan abodhata abodhAma anayan prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa uttama puruSa anayat anayaH anayam nI-le jAnA anayatAm anayatam anayAva anayata anayAma bhU-honA prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa uttama puruSa abhavat abhavaH abhavam abhavatAm abhavatam abhavAva abhavan abhavata abhavAma

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prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa uttama puruSa apacat apacaH apacam paca-pakAnA apacatAm apacatam apacAva apacan apacata apacAma pat-giranA prathama puruSa apatat apatatAm apatan madhyama puruSa apataH apatatam apatata uttama puruSa apatam apatAva apatAma ina rUpoM ko samajhakara Apa bhUtakAla ke rUpa banA sakate haiN| dhaatu| prathama gnn| prsmaipd| 1. sa (sara) gatau-(sarakanA)-sarati, sariSyati, asarat, asrm| 2. skhl-sNclne| (phisalanA)-skhalati, skhlissyti| 3. stn-shbde|-(gdd'gdd'aanaa)-stnti, staniSyati, astanat astnm| 4. sthA (tisstth)-gtinivRttau|-(tthhrnaa) tiSThati, tiSThasi, sthAsyati, sthASyasi, sthaasyaami| atiSThatu, atiSThaH, atisstthm| 5. smR (smr)-cintaayaam|-(smrnn karanA)-smarati, smraami| smariSyati, smrissyaami| asmarat, asmaraH, asmaram / 6. has-hasane-(ha~sanA) hsti| hsissyti| ahasat, ahasaH, ahsm| 7. (hara)-haraNe (haraNa karanA) harati, harasi, hraami| hariSyati, hariSyAmi / aharat, . aharaH, ahrm| 8. halas-zabde-(bolanA) halasati,-halasiSyati, alst| vAkya 1. sa dUraM srti| vaha dUra sarakatA hai| 2. ahaM ttraa'skhlm| maiM vahA~ phislaa| 3. meghaH stnissyti| bAdala grjegaa| 4. ahaM ttraa'tisstthm| maiM vahA~ khar3A thaa| 5. tau ttraa'tisstthtaam| ve do vahA~ khar3e the| 6. vayam atra atisstthaam| hama yahA~ khar3e rahate haiN| 7. tvaM tatkAvyaM smarasi kim ? kyA tU usa kAvya ko yAda karatA hai ? 8. ahaM na smraami| mujhe yAda taka nhiiN|

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166 9. tau smarataH / 10. sa kimarthaM hasati ? 11. cauro dhanaM harati / 1 viSNuzarmA abhaNat / viSNuzarmA balIvardaM tatrA'nayat / vRkSe pakSiNo'kUjan / akUjan pakSiNastatra / sa bAlaH kimarthaM krandati / bAlAH akrIDan / sarve vidyArthino'vadhanagarAdvahiH akrIDan / ahaM tadannaM nA'khAdam / ahaM nAbhakSam kastatra khelati / so'gadat / ahamagadam / sa bAlo'khanat / ko'khanat tatra ? mama pustakaM rAmaH kutra agUhat / mRgaH carati / carati tatra mRgaH / acarat tatra mRgaH / acalat sa vRkSaH / sa mantramapat / ahaM nA'njapaM mantram / sa jalpiSyati / tvam ajalpaH / Atmanepada kucha dhAtu parasmaipada meM hote haiM, kucha Atmanepada meM hote haiM aura kucha aise hote haiM jinake donoM rUpa hote haiM / unako ubhayapada kahate haiM / parasmaipada vAle prathama gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke sAtha ApakA paricaya huA, aba Atmanepada vAle dhAtuoM ke sAtha paricaya kIjie / prathama gaNa / Atmanepada / vartamAna kAla katthU - zlAghAyAm / ( stuti karanA, ghamaNDa karanA) dvivacana ekavacana kattha prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa katthase uttama puruSa katthe prathama puruSa bodha madhyama puruSa bodhase uttama puruSa bodhe ve donoM yAda karate haiM I vaha kisalie ha~satA hai ? cora dhana haratA hai| katthe katthethe katthAva budha - bodhane / (jAnanA) bodhAva bahuvacana katthante katthadhve katthAma bodhante bodhave bodhAma

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eth-vRddhau| (bar3hAnA) edhete edhante prathama puruSa edhate madhyama puruSa edhase uttama puruSa edhe edhethe edhadhye edhAmahe edhAvahe *pc-paake| (pakAnA) prathama puruSa pacate pacete pacante madhyama puruSa pacase pacethe pacadhye prathama gnn| aatmnepd| 1. aGka (lakSaNe)-cihna karanA-aGkate, ase, angke| 2. aha (gatau)-jAnA-ahate, ahase, ahe| 3. IkS (darzane)-dekhanA-IkSate, IkSase, iiksse| 4. Uha (vita)-tarka karanA-Uhate, Uhase, uuhe| 5. ej (dIptau)-prakAzanA-ejate, ejase, eje| 6. kamp (kampane)-kA~panA-kampate, kampase, kmpe| 7. kav (varNane)-varNana karanA-kavate, kavase, kve| 8. kAz (dIptau)-prakAzanA-kAzate, kAzase, kaashe| 9. ku (kav)-zabde-bolanA-kavate, kavase, kve| 10. krand (rodane)-ronA-krandate, krandase, krnde| prathama, madhyama, uttama puruSoM ke ekavacana ke rUpa yahA~ sUcanArtha die haiN| pAThaka anya rUpa banA sakate haiN| vAkya 1. sa bodhate paraM tvaM na bodhse|| 2. saH vRkSaH edhte| 3. ahaM pce| 4. AvAM pcaavhe| 5. vayaM pcaamhe| 6. tau angkete| 7. te iikssnte| vaha samajhatA hai parantu tU nahIM smjhtaa| vaha vRkSa bar3hatA hai| maiM pakAtA huuN| hama donoM pakAte haiN| hama saba pakAte haiN| ve donoM cihna karate haiN| ve saba dekhate haiN| * ye dhAtu donoM pada meM haiM; isaliye parasmaipada aura Atmanepada donoM meM inake rUpa hote haiN|

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8. vRkSAH kmpnte| 9. bAlAH krndnte| 10. dIpAH prkaashnte| saba vRkSa hilate haiN| saba lar3ake cillAte haiM, rote haiN| saba dIpa prakAzate haiN| pATha 45 prathama gnn| aatmnepd| pratyaya ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana prathama puruSa te ante madhyama puruSa se ithe dhve uttama puruSa i vahe klIv adhASTyarthe / [Darapoka honA] klIv+a+te klIvate klIv+a+se klIvase klIv+a+i=klIve dhAtu+prathama gaNa kA cinha a+pratyaya milakara kriyApada banatA hai| pAThaka aba saba Atmanepada ke dhAtuoM ke vartamAna kAla ke rUpa banA sakate haiN| dhaatu| prathama gnn| aatmnepd| 1. kSam (sahane) = sahana karanA-kSamate, kSamase, kssme| 2. kSubh (kSobhe) (saMcalane) = halacala macanA-kSomate, kSobhase, kssobhe| 3. khaNDa (bhedane) = tor3anA-khaNDate, khaNDase, khnndde| 4. kUrdU (krIr3AyAm) = khelanA-kUdate, kUrdase, kuurde| 5. khuI (krIr3AyAm) = khelanA-khUrdate, khUrdase, khuurde| 6. gahU (kutsAyAm) = nindA karanA-garhate, garhase, grthe| 7. galbha (dhASTrye) = dhairyavAn honaa-glbhte| isa dhAtu kA prayoga prAyaH 'pra' ke sAtha hotA hai| pragalbhate, pragalbhase, prglbhe| 8. gAth (pratiSThAlipsayorgranthe ca) = calanA, DhUMDhanA, grantha sampAdana karanA-gAdhate, gAdhase, gaadhe| 9. gAh (vilor3ane) = snAna karanA-gAhate, gAhase, gaahe| 168| 10. gup (jugup) (nindAyAm) = nindA karanA-jugupsate, jugupsase, jugupse| (isa

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dhAtu kA yaha rUpa smaraNa rakhanA caahie|) 11. gras (adane) = bhakSaNa karanA-graste, grasase, grse| 12. ghaTa (ceSTAyAm) = prayatna karanA-ghaTate, ghaTase, ghtte| 13. ghoSa (kAnti karaNe) = camakanA-ghoSate, ghoSase, ghosse| 14. ghUrNa (bhramaNe) = ghUmanA-ghUrNane, ghUrNase, ghuurnne| 15. cak (tRptau, pratighAte ca) = santuSTa honA, pratikAra karanA-cakate, cakase, cke| 16. caNDa (kopane) = krodha karanA-caNDate, caNDase, cnndde| 17. ceSTra (ceSTAyAm) = udyoga karanA-ceSTate, ceSTase, cesstte| 18. cyu (cyav) (gatau) = jAnA-cyavate, cyavase, cyve| 19. jabha (jambha) (gAtravinAme) = jamuhAI lenA-jambhate, jambhase, jmbhe| 20. jRmbha (gAtravinAme) = jamuhAI lenA-jRmbhate, jRmbhse| 21. DI (vihAyasA gatau) = ur3anA-Dayate, Dayase, ddye| 22. taND (saMtApe) = pITanA-taNDate, taNDase, tnndde| 23. tAy (santAna pAlanayo): = phalanA, rakSaNa karanA-tAyate, tAyase, taaye| vAkya 1. yajJaH taayte| 2. to bAlakaM tnnddete| 3. kAkAH ddynte| 4. idAnIM bAlakaH jRmbhte| 5. sa purussshcessttte| 6. cakraM ghuurnnte| 7. azvastRNaM grste| 8. tato na vi-jugupste| 9. sa tasminkUpe gaahte| 10. sa taM grhte| 11. tau taM grhete| 12. bAlakau kASThaM khnnddete| 13. sAgara idAnIM kssobhte| 14. ahaM taM kssme| 15. tvaM taM kimarthaM na kSamase ? 16. tau tatra gaahete| 17. sa atIva cnnddte| 18. tvaM taM kimarthaM taNDase ? yajJa vistRta hotA hai| ve donoM eka bAlaka ko pITate haiN| bahuta kauve ur3ate haiN| aba lar3akA jamuhAI letA hai| vaha puruSa yatna karatA hai| cakra ghUmatA hai| ghor3A ghAsa khAtA hai| usase vizeSa nindA nahIM krtaa| vaha usa kueM meM snAna karatA hai| vaha usako nindatA hai| ve donoM usako nindate haiN| do bAlaka lakar3I tor3ate haiN| samudra aba kSubdha hotA hai| maiM usako kSamA karatA huuN| tU usako kyoM kSamA nahIM karatA ? ve donoM vahAM snAna karate haiN| vaha bahuta krodha karatA hai| tU use kyoM pITatA hai ? 169

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prathama gnn| aatmnepd| bhvissykaal| parasmaipada ke samAna hI Atmanepada vartamAna kAla ke rUpoM meM 'sya' lagAne me unakA bhaviSyakAla bana jAtA hai Atmanepada bhaviSyakAla ke pratyaya ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana prathama puruSa syate syete syante madhyama puruSa syase syethe syadhve uttama puruSa sye syAvahe syAmahe pratyaya lagAne ke pUrva bahuta-se dhAtuoM meM 'i' lagatI hai aura ikAra ke kAraNa sakAra kA SakAra bana jAtA hai| eth (vRddhau)-bar3hanA edhi-Syate edhi-Syete edhi-Syante edhi-Syase edhi-Syethe edhi-Syadhve edhi-Sye edhi-SyAvahe edhi-SyAmahe jina dhAtuoM meM 'i' nahIM lagatI, unake rUpa nimna prakAra hote haiM pak (pAke) pakAnA pakSyete pakSyethe pakSyAvahe pakSyate pakSyase pakSye pakSyante pakSyadhve pakSyAmahe trap (lajjAyAma)-lajjita honA trapiSyate trapiSyete trapiSyante trapiSyase trapiSyethe trapiSyadhve trapiSye trapiSyAvahe trapiSyAmahe trapsyate trapsyete trapsyante trapsyase trapsyethe trapsvadhve trapsye trasyAvahe trapsyAmahe kaI dhAtuoM meM 'i' lagatI hai, kaiyoM meM nahIM lgtii| parantu kaI aise haiM jinake 170]

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donoM rUpa hote haiN| 'edh' dhAtu meM 'i' lagatI hai| 'pac' meM nahIM lagatI, parantu 'tra' ke donoM rUpa hote haiN| pAThaka dhAtuoM ke rUpoM ko dekhakara isakA bheda jAna sakate haiN| dhaatu| prathama gnn| aatmnepd| 1. tra (trA) (pAlane) = rakSaNa karanA-trAyate, trAyase, traaye| trAsyate, trAsyase, traasye| 2. tvara (saMzrame) = jaldI karanA-tvarate, tvarase, tvre| tvariSyate, tvariSyase, tvrissye| 3. dad (dAne) = denA-dadate, dadase, dde| dadiSyate, dadiSyase, ddissye| 4. dadh (dhAraNe) = dhAraNa karanA-dadhate, dadhase, ddhe| dadhiSyate, dadhiSyase, ddhissye| 5. day (dAnagati rakSaNahiMsAdAneSu) = dAna, gati rakSaNa, hiMsA, svIkAra karanA-dayate, dayase, dye| dayiSyase, dyissye| 6. dIkS (niyamavratAdiSu) = niyama vrata Adi pAlanA-dIkSate, dIkSase, diiksse| dIkSiSyate, dIkSiSyase, diikssissye| 7. deva (devane) = khelnaa-devte| devissyte| 8. ghut (dyot) (dIptau) = prakAzanA-dyut (dyot), dyotate, dyotissyte| 9. dhvaMs (avasraMsane) = nAza honaa-dhvNste| dhvNsissyte| 10. nay (gatau) = jAnA-nayate, nyissyte| 11. paJc (vyaktI karaNe) = spaSTa krnaa-pnycte| pnycissyte| pATha 46 prathama gnn| aatmnepd| paNa-vyavahAre (vyavahAra karanA) vartamAna kAla paNate paNase paNe paNete paNethe paNAvahe paNante paNadhve paNAmahe

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172 paNipyate paNiya paNiSye (a) - ta (a) - thA: (a) - i bhaviSyakAla paNiSyete paNiSyethe paNiSyAvahe apaNata apaNathAH apaNe apaNAva bhUtakAla meM parasmaipada ke samAna hI dhAtu ke pUrva 'a' lagatA hai aura bAda meM bhUtakAla ke pratyaya lagate haiM / a-pavata a-pavathAH a-pave bhUtakAla apaNetAm apaNethAm Atmanepada bhUtakAla ke pratyaya (a) - itAm (a) - ithAm (a) - vahi = paNiSyante paNiSyadhve paNiSyAmahe apaNanta apaNadhvam apaNAmahi pU- pavane ( zuddha karanA) a-pavetAm a-vethAm a- pavAvahi isI prakAra Atmanepada bhUtakAla ke rUpa banAne cAhie / 1. pyAy (bRddhau) = bar3hanA-pyAyate, pyAyiSyate, apyAyata / 2. prath (prakhyAne) = prasiddha honA - prathate, prathiSyate, aprtht| = 3. preS ( gatau ) = hilanA - preSate, preSiSyate, apreSata / 4. plu (gatau ) jAnA - plavate, ploSyate, aplavata / 5. bAdhU (loDane) = bAdhA DAlanA-bAdhate, bAdhiSyate, abAdhata / 6. bhaNDU (paribhASaNe) jhagar3anA - bhaNDate, bhaNDiSyate, abhaNData / 7. bhASa ( vyaktAyAM vAci) = bolanA - bhASate, bhASiSyate, abhASata / 8. bhAs (dIptau) = prakAzanA - bhAsate, bhAsiSyate, abhAsata / = 9. bhikSU (bhikSAyAm) bhIkha mAMganA - bhikSate, bhikSiSyate, abhikSata | 10. bhRj (bhaja) (bharjane) = bhUnanA - bharjate, bharjiSyate, abharjata / (a) -nta (a) -dhvam (a) - mahi a-pavanta a-pavadhvam a-pavAmahi

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11. bhaMs (avasraMsane) = giranA-bhraMsate, bhraMsiSyate, abhrNst| 12. bhrAj (dIptau) = prakAzanA-bhAjate, bhrAjiSyate, abhraajt| 13. mud (mod) (harSe) = khuza honA-modate, modiSyate, amodt| 14. yat (prayatne) = prayatna karanA-yatate, yatiSyate, aytt| 15. rabh (rAbhasya) = prArambha karanA-rabhate, rapsyate, arbht| 16. ram (krIDAyAm) = ramamANa honA-ramate, raMsyate, armt| 17. rAth (sAmarthya) = samartha honA-rAghate, rAghiSyate, araaght| 18. labh (prAptau) = milanA-labhate, lapsyate, albht| 19. lok (darzane) = dekhanA-lokate, lokiSyate, alokt| vAkya 1. tau baadhete| ve donoM bAdhA DAlate haiN| 2. te sarve loknte| ve saba dekhate haiN| 3. IdRzaM yuddhaM lbhte| isa prakAra kA yuddha prApta karatA hai| 4. rAmaH sItayA saha rmte| rAma sItA ke sAtha ramamANa hotA hai| 5. tau ytete| ve donoM prayatna karate haiN| 6. te praa-rbhnte| ve saba prAraMbha karate haiN| 7. sUrya AkAze bhraajte| sUrya AkAza meM prakAzatA hai| 8. tau yatI bhikssete| ve do yatI bhIkha mAMgate haiN| 9. sa tatra abhiksst| usane vahAM bhIkha maaNgii| 10. tau aytetaam| una donoM ne yatna kiyaa| 11. te tatra abhaasnt| ve vahAM prakAze the| pAThaka isa prakAra saba dhAtuoM ke rUpa banAkara vAkya banAne kA prayala kreN| dhAtu-prathama gaNa, Atmanepada 1. vand (abhivAdane) = namana krnaa-vndte| vndissyte| avndt| 2. varc (dIptau) = prkaashnaa-vrcte| vrcissyte| avrct| 3. varSa (snehane) = vrsste| varSiSyate, avrsst| 4. vAh (prayatne) = prayatna krnaa-vaahte| vaahissyte| avaaht| 5. vRt (vartane) = honaa-vrtte| vartiSyate, vy'te| avrtt| (isa dhAtu ke __ bhaviSyakAla meM do rUpa hoNge| eka 'i' ke sAtha aura dUsarA 'i' ke binA) 6. vRdh (vRddhau) = bddh'naa-vrdhte| vardhiSyate, vy'te| avardhata / 173

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174 7. veST (veSTane) = lapeTanA - veSTate / veSTiSyate, aveSTata / 1 8. vyay (bhayacalanayoH) = DaranA, becaina honA- vyathate / vyathiSyate / avyathata / 9. zaGga (zaGgAyAm) = saMdeha karanA - zaGkate / zaGkiSyate / ashngkt| 10. AzaMs (icchAyAm) = icchA karanA, AzIrvAda denA - AzaMsate / AzaMsiSyate / AzaMsata / sIkhanA - zikSate / zikSiSyate / azikSata / 13. zlAghU (katthane) = 14. zlok (saGghAte ) 15. sahU (marSaNe ) 11. zikSa (vidyopAdAne) 12. zubh ( dIptau) = zobhanA - zobhate / zobhiSyate / azobhata / stuti karanA - zlAghate / shlaaghissyte| ashlaaght| zloka banAnA - zlokate / zlokiSyate / azlokata / sahanA - sahate / sahiSyate / asaMhata / = = 16. sev (sevane) = sevA karanA, pUjA karanA - sevate / seviSyate / asevat / 17. stambha ( pratibandhe) = ThaharanA - stambhate / stambhiSyate / astambhata / 18. spardhe ( saGagharSe) = spardhA karanA - spardhate / spardhiSyate / aspardhata | 19. spand (kiJciccalane) = thor3A hilanA - spandate / spandiSyate / aspndt| 20. svaJc (pariSvaGge) = AliGgana denA - svaJjate / svakSyate asvaJjata / 21. svad (AsvAdane) = pasInA nikAlanA, cakhanA - svadate / svadiSyate / asvadata / 22. svAd (AsvAdane) = svAda lenA - svaadte| svAdiSyate / asvAdata / 23. svida (snehanamohanayoH) = tela lagAnA - svedate / svediSyate / asvedata | 24. had ( purISotsarge) = zauca karanA - hadate / hatsyate / ahadat / 25. he (avyakte zabde ) = hinahinAnA - heSate / heSiSyate / aheSata / 26. hrAd (sukhe ) = sukha honA - hlAdate / hnAdiSyate / ahlAdata / vAkya = 1. sa duHkhaM shte| 2. yuvAM taM sevethe / 3. sa vyarthaM spardhate / 4. sa sabhAmadhye zobhate / 5. sa kimarthaM vyathate / 6. azvaH Sate / 7. bAlakau zikSete / 8. haMsAnAM madhye bako na zobhate / 1 9. sa vyarthaM zaGkate / vaha kaSTa sahatA hai| tuma donoM usakI pUjA karate ho / vaha vyartha spardhA karatA hai / vaha sabhA ke bIca meM zobhatA hai| vaha kyoM becaina hotA ? ghor3A hinahinAtA hai / do lar3ake sIkhate haiM 1 haMsoM meM bagulA nahIM zobhatA / vaha vyartha saMdeha karatA hai /

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pATha 47 prathama gaNa-ubhayapada parasmaipada aura Atmanepada dhAtuoM ke vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSyakAla ke rUpa pAThakoM ko aba vidita ho cuke haiN| aba ubhayapada dhAtuoM ke rUpoM ke sAtha pAThakoM kA paricaya karAnA hai| ubhayapada una dhAtuoM ko kahate haiM jinake parasmaipada ke bhI rUpa hote haiM aura Atmanepada ke bhI rUpa hote haiN| ubhayapada kI pratyeka dhAtu kA rUpa donoM prakAra se banatA hai| jaise nI (prApaNo) = le jAnA vartamAna kAla, parasmaipada nayati nayataH nayanti nayasi nayathaH nayatha nayAmi nayAvaH nayAmaH nayate nayase vartamAna kAla, Atmanepada nayete nayethe nayAvahe nayante nayadhve nayAmahe naye neSyanti neSyati neSyasi neSyAmi bhaviSyakAla, parasmaipada neSyataH neSyathaH neSyAvaH neSyatha neSyAmaH neSyate neSyase neSye bhaviSyakAla, Atmanepada neSyete neSyethe neSyAvahe neSyante neSyadhve neSyAmahe

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176 anayat anayaH anayam anayata anayathAH bhUtakAla, parasmaipada anayetAm anayetam anayAva anayanta anayadhvam ana anayAma isa prakAra pratyeka ubhayapada dhAtu ke donoM prakAra ke rUpa banate haiM / pAThaka saba dhAtuoM ke rUpa banAkara likheM / yaha 'nI' ( prApaNe ) dhAtu parasmaipada meM diyA hai| vAstava meM yaha ubhayapada kA dhAtu hai / ubhayapada ke dhAtuoM ke rUpa parasmaipada ke anusAra bhI hote haiM, isalie ubhayapada ke kaI dhAtu parasmaipada meM die gae haiM / ubhayapada ke dhAtu- prathama gaNa 1. aJc (gatau yAcane ca ) 2. krandra (rodane) bhUtakAla, Atmanepada anayetAm anayethAm anayAvahi anayan anayata anayAm = jAnA, moNgnaa| aJcati, aJcate / aJciSyati, aJciSyate / AJcat, AJcata / ronA - krandati, krandate / krandiSyati, krandiSyate / akrandat, = akrandata / 3. khan (avadAraNe) = khodanA - khanati, khanate / khaniSyati / khaniSyate / akhanat, akhanata / 4. guhU ( saMvaraNe) = DhAMpanA - gUhati, gUhate / gUhiSyati, gUhiSyate, ghokSyati, ghokSyate / agUhat, agUhata / ( isa dhAtu ke bhaviSya ke cAra rUpa hote haiM, eka samaya 'i' lagatI hai, dUsare samaya nahIM lagatI / ) 5. caS (bhakSaNe) = khAnA - caSati, caSate / caSiSyati, caSiSyate / acaSat, acaSata / 6. chad (AcchAdane) = DhAMpanA - chadati, chadate / chadiSyati, chadiSyate / acchadat, acchadata / 7. jIv (prANadhAraNe) = jInA - jIvati, jIvate / jIviSyatti, jIviSyate / ajIvat, ajIvata / 8. tviSa ( tveSu ) ( dIptau) = prakAzanA-tveSati, tveSate / tvakSyati, tvakSyate /

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atveSat, atvesst| 9. dAz (dAne) = denA-dAzati, daashte| dAziSyati, daashissyte| adAzat, adaasht| 10. dhAv (gatizuddhayoH) = daur3anA, dhonA-dhAvati, dhaavte| dhAviSyati, dhaavissyte| ___ adhAvat, adhaavt| 11. dhR (dhara) (dhAraNe) = dhAraNa karanA-dharati, dhrte| dhariSyati, dhrissyte| adharata, adhrt| 12. pac (pAke) = pakAnA-pacati, pcte| pakSyati, pkssyte| apacat, apct| 13. budh (bodhU) (bodhane) = jAnanA-bodhati, bodhte| bodhiSyati, bodhissyte| ___ abodhat, abodht| 14. bhU (bhav) (prAptau) = milanA-bhavati, bhvte| bhaviSyati, bhvissyte| abhavat, abhvt| (bhU-sattAyAM-honA isa artha kA dhAtu kevala parasmaipada meM hai| prApti artha kA 'bhU' dhAtu ubhayapada hai|) 15. bhR (bhar) (bharaNe) = bharanA-bharati, bhrte| bhariSyati, bhrissyte| abharat, ___ abhrt| 16. mith (medhAyAm) = buddhivardhaka kArya karanA-medhati, medhte| medhiSyati, medhissyte| amedhat, amedht|| 17. mRS (maS)-(titikSAyAm) = sahanA-marSati, mrsste| marSiSyati, mrssissyte| amarSat, amrsst| 18. meth (medhAyAm) = jAnanA-methati, methte| methiSyati, methissyte| amethat, __ ametht| (mid, midh, med, medh, mith, meth ina dhAtuoM kA 'medhAyAM' artha hai aura inake rUpa ukta midh, medh dhAtuoM ke samAna hI hote haiN| medati, medhati, methati, ityaadi|) 19. yaj (devapUjA-saMgatikaraNa-yajana-dAneSu) = satkAra, saMgati, havana aura dAna karanA-yajati, yjte| yakSyati, ykssyte| ayajat, ayjt| 20. yAc (yAJcAyAm) = mAMganA-yAcati, yaacte| yAciSyati, yaacissyte| ayAcat, ayaact| 21. raj (rAge) = kapar3A Adi raMga denA-rajati, rjte| rakSyati, rkssyte| arajat, arjt| 22. rAj (dIptau) = prakAzanA-rAjati, raajte| rAjiSyati, raajissyte| arAjat, araajt|

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178 23. laS (kAntau) = icchA karanA - laSati, laSate / laSiSyati, laSiSyate / alaSat, alaSata / 24. bad (saMdezavacane) = saMdeza denA, jatAnA - vadati, vadate / vadiSyati, vadiSyate / avadat avadata / vAkya 1. rAmo lakSmaNamavadat / 2. rAmo rAjamaNiH sadA virAjate / rAma ne lakSmaNa se kahA / rAma rAjAoM meM zreSTha hokara sadA zobhatA hai| vizvAmitra yajana karatA hai / ve donoM vastroM ko raMgate haiM / vaha jAnatA hai parantu tU nahIM jAnatA / dekha, vaha kaise daur3atA hai ! cakra dhAraNa karatA hai isalie usako cakradhara kahate haiM / 8. brahmacArI ciraJjIvati / brahmacArI bahuta kAla taka jItA rahatA hai| 9. kimarthamidAnIM svazarIra-mAcchAdayasi ? kyoM aba apanA zarIra DhAMpatA hai ? devadatta anna pakAtA hai / brAhmaNa bhUmi mAMgatA hai| vaha jala se pAtra bharatA hai / tU kahAM havana karatA hai ? devazarmA paisA mAMgatA hai / ve donoM tumako smjhaaeNge| 3. vizvAmitro yajate / 4. tau vastrANi rajataH / 5. sa bodhati parantu tvaM na bodhasi / 6. pazya sa kathaM dhAvati / 7. cakraM dharati iti cakradharaH / 10. devadatto'nnaM pacati / 11. brAhmaNo vasudhAM yAcate / 12. sa jalena pAtraM bharati / 13. tvaM kutra yajasi ? 14. devazarmA dravyaM yAcate / 15. tau tvAM bodhiSyete / pATha 48 prathama gaNa-ubhayapada dhAtu 1. vap (bIjasantAne) bIja bonA - vapati, vapate / vapsyati, vapsyate / avapat, avapata / 2. vahU ( prApaNe) = le jAnA - vahati, vahate / vakSyati, vakSyate / avahat, avahata / 3. vR (var) (AvaraNe) = DhAMpanA - varati, varate / variSyati, variSyate / avarat, avarata / 4. ve (vay) (tantusantAne) = kapar3A bunanA - vayati, vayate / vAsyati, vAsyate / 1 =

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avayat, avyt| 5. veN (vAditre) = bAMsurI bajAnA-veNati, vennte| veNiSyati, vennissyte| aveNat, avennt| 6. ven (gatijJAnacintAyAm) = jAnA, jAnanA, socanA-venati, venate / veniSyati, venissyte| avenat avent| 7. zap (Akroze) = doSa denA-zapati, shpte|shpsyti, shpsyte| azapat, ashpt| 8. zri (zraya) (sevAyAm) = sevA karanA-zrayati, shryte| zrayiSyati, shryissyte| azrayat, ashryt| 9. he (hRJ) (spardhAyAM zabde ca) = spardhA karanA, AhvAna karanA, lAnA-hayati, hvyte| hAsyati, hvaasyte| ahvayat, ahvyt| vAkya. sa tvAmAhvayati / sa kimarthaM shpti| kRSIvalo bIjaM vapati / zrIkRSNo veNuM vennti| azvo rathaM vhti| UrNAsUtreNa kavayo vastraM vynti| sa vente| aba prathama gaNa ke ubhayapada ke dhAtuoM ke sAtha pAThakoM kA paricaya ho gyaa| saba mukhya aura upayogI dhAtuoM ke sAtha pAThaka paricita ho cuke haiN| yahAM taka ki saba pAThoM ko dubArA acchI prakAra par3heM, kyoMki yahAM se dUsarA viSaya prArambha honA hai| jaba taka pahalA viSaya kaccA rahegA, taba taka Age bar3hanA kaThina hogaa| upasarga dhAtuoM ke pahale upasarga lagate haiM aura ina upasargoM ke kAraNa eka dhAtu ke aneka artha ho jAte haiN| dekhie bhuu-sttaayaam| prathama gaNa 1. pra (bhU) = utkarSayukta honaa-prbhvti| prbhvissyti| _ *prbhaavt| (pra-bhava) 2. parA (bhU) = nAza honA, parAbhava karanA-parAbhavati / parAbhaviSyati / parAbhavat / (parA-bhava) 3. apa (bhU) = upasthita na honaa-apbhvti| apbhvissyti| apaabhvt| 4. saM (bhU) = honA, ekatra jmaa-sNbhvti| sNbhvissyti| samabhavat (ubhayapada bhUtakAla kA pahale laganevAlA 'a' upasarga ke pazcAta lagatA hai| pra+abhakta prAbhavat

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saMbhavate, saMbhaviSyati / samabhavata ( saM bhava) anubhava karanA - anubhavati / anubhaviSyati / * anvabhavat, anvabhavatAm, anvabhavan / (anubhava) 6. vi (bhU) = vizeSa unnata honA - vibhavati / vibhaviSyati vyabhavat / (vi- bhava) 7. A (bhU) = pAsa rahanA, sAhAyya karanA - Abhavati / AbhaviSyati / Abhavat / 8. abhi (bhU) vijayI honA - abhibhavati / abhibhaviSyati / abhyabhavat / 9. ati (bhU) = sabase zreSTha honA - atibhavati / atibhaviSyati / atyabhavat / 10. ud (bhU) = utpanna honA, udaya honA - udbhavati / udbhaviSyati / udbhavat / (udbhava) 180* 5. anu (bhU) 11. prati (bhU) = samAna honA - pratibhavati / pratibhaviSyati / pratyabhavat / 12. pari (bhU) = gheranA, cAroM ora ghUmanA, sAtha rahakara sahAya karanA - paribhavati / paribhaviSyati / paryabhavat / (ubhayapada) paribhavate / paribhaviSyate / paryabhavata / = 13. upa (bhU) = pAsa honA- upabhavati / upabhaviSyati / upAbhavat / | isa prakAra eka hI dhAtu ke bAda upasarga lagane se unake bhinna-bhinna artha hote haiN| ye upasarga bAIsa haiM 1. pra-adhikatA, prakarSa, gamana / 2. parA - utkarSa / apakarSa, (nIce honA) / 3. apa - apakarSa, varjana, nirdeza, vikAra, haraNa / 4. sam - aikya, sudhAra, sAtha, uttamatA / 5. anu-tulyatA, pazcAt, krama, lakSaNa / 6. ava - pratibandha, nindA, svacchatA / 7. nis 8. nir- niSedha, nizcaya / 9. dus 10. 11. vi zreSTha, adbhuta, atIta / 12. A - nindA, bandhana, svabhAva / 13. ni-nIce, bAhara / 14. adhi - aizvarya, AdhAra / 15. api - zaMkA, nindA, prazna, AjJA, saMbhAvanA / anu + abhavat = anvabhavat /

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16. ati-utkarSa, Adhikya, pUjana, ullaMghana / 17. su - uttamatA / 18. ut-utkRSTatA, prakAza, zakti, nindA, utpatti / 19. abhi- mukhyatA, kuTilatA / 20. prati - bhAga, khaNDana / 21. pari - pariNAma, zoka, pUjA, nindA, bhUSaNa / 22. upa- samIpatA, sAdRzya, saMyoga, vRddhi, Arambha / ina arthoM ke sivAya aura bhI bahuta se artha haiM parantu yahAM mukhya artha hI die ye haiM / inake isa prakAra artha hone se hI inake pIche rahane ke kAraNa dhAtuoM ke artha bilakula badala jAte haiM 1. (vi) (cara) = bhramaNa karanA-vicarati / vicariSyati / vyacarat / 2. saM (car) ghUmanA / saMcarati / saMcariSyati / samacarat / 3. saM (cala) calanA / saMcalati / saMcaliSyati / smclt| 4. anu (car) = pIche jAnA, naukarI karanA - anucarati / anucariSyati / anvacarat / 5. pracara - artha aura rUpa pUrvavat / = = 6. pracala 7. uccar= Upara jAnA, bolanA - uccarati / uccariSyati / udacarat / 8. uccal= calanA - uccalati / 9. pari (car ) = calanA, naukarI karanA - paricarati / paricariSyati / paryacarat / 10. pratap= tapanA, garama honA, prakAzanA - pratapati / pratapsyati / prAtapat / = 11. saMtap= tapanA, krodha karanA - saMtapati / saMtapsyati / samatapat / 12. avabudha= jAgarita honA - jAnanA, avabodhati / avAbudhat / 13. prabudha = nidrA se jAgarita honA - prabodhati / prAbudhat / 14. prasthA ( pratiSTha) = pravAsa ke lie nikalanA - pratiSThate / prasthAsyate / prAtiSThata / (Atmanepada) 15. saMsthA (saMtiSTha) = rahanA-saMtiSThate / sNsthaasyte| samatiSThat (Atmanepada) / 16. vismR bhUlanA - vismarati / vismariSyati / vyasmarat / / isa prakAra upasarga ke sAtha dhAtuoM ke rUpa hote haiM / bhUtakAla meM upasarga ke pazcAt a, aura a ke pazcAt dhAtu aura pratyaya lagate haiM / vi+a+smar+a+t vyasmarat / saM+a+tiSTh+ata = samatiSThata / = anu+a+bodh+a+t = anvabodhat / i aura usake pazcAt vijAtIya svara Ane se kramazaH yU aura v hote haiM / = vy| anu+a = anva / prati+a = prty| su+a = sva | jaise - vi+a 181

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182 AzA hai ki pAThaka ina bAtoM ko smaraNa rakhakara ina dhAtuoM ke prayoga banAkara unakA vAkyoM meM upayoga kreNge| pATha 49 saMskRta meM dhAtuoM ke gaNa dasa haiN| prathama gaNa kA varNana yahAM taka huaa| aba dazama gaNa kA paricaya karAnA hai arc (pUjAyAm) arcayati arcayasi arcayAmi arcayate arcayase arcaye = arcayiSyati arcayiSyasi arcayiSyAmi dazama gaNa - ubhayapada arcayiSyate arcayiSyase arcayiSye pUjA karanA parasmaipada, vartamAna kAla arcayataH arcayathaH arcayAvaH Atmanepada, vartamAna kAla arcayete arcayethe arcayAvahe parasmaipada, bhaviSya kAla arcayiSyataH arcayiSyathaH arcayiSyAvaH arcayanti arcayatha arcayAmaH arcayante arcayadhve arcayAmahe arcayiSyanti arcayiSyatha arcayiSyAmaH Atmanepada, bhaviSyakAla arcayiSyete arcayiSyethe arcayiSyAvahe yahAM pAThaka dekheMge ki isa gaNa ke rUpa prathama gaNa ke barAbara hI hote haiM, parantu bIca meM dazama gaNa kA cihna 'aya' lagatA hai, itanA hI kevala bheda hone se prathama gaNa ke rUpa jAnanevAle vidyArthI ke lie dazama gaNa ke rUpa banAnA koI kaThina nahIM / arc+aya+ti=arcayati / arc +ay+i+Sya+ti=arcayiSyati ityaadi| arcayiSyante arcayiSyahave arcayiSyAmahe

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dazama gaNa-ubhayapada 1. arja (pratiyatne saMpAdane ca) = prApta karanA-arjayati, arjyte| arjayiSyati, arjyissyte| 2. aha (pUjane yogyatve ca) = satkAra karanA, yogya honA-arhayati, arhyte| arhayiSyati, arhyissyte| 3. Andol (Andolane) = jhUlA khelnaa-aandolyte| AndolayiSyati, aandolyissyte| (stutau) = stuti karanA-IDayati, iiddyte| IDayiSyati, iiddyissyte| Urja (balaprANanayoH) = balavAn honA-Urjayati, uurjyte| UrjayiSyati, uurjyissyte| (vAkyaprabandhe) = kathA kahanA-kathayati, kthyte| kathayiSyati, kthyissyte| 7. kAla (kAlopadeze) = samaya milanA-kAlayati, kaalyte| kAlayiSyati, kaalyissyte| kumAra (krIDAyAm) = khelanA-kumArayati, kumaaryte| kumArayiSyati, kumaaryissyte| 9. gaNa (saMkhyAne) = ginanA-gaNayati, gnnyte| gaNayiSyati, gnnyissyte| 10. garja (zabde) = garjanA karanA-garjayati, garjayate / garjayiSyati, grjyissyte| 11. gaI (vinindane) = nindanA-garhayati, grhyte| garhayiSyati, grhyissyte| gaveS (mArgaNe) = DhUMr3hanA-gaveSayati, gvessyte| gaveSayiSyati, gvessyissyte| 13. gom (upalepane) = lepana karanA-gomayati, gomyte|gomyissyti, gomyissyte| grantha (bandhane sandarbhe ca) = bAMdhanA, vyavasthita karanA-granthayati, grnthyte| granthayiSyati, grnthyissyte|| (ghoS) (vizabdane) = ghoSaNA karanA-ghoSayati, ghoSayate / ghoSayiSyati, ghossyissyte| (adhyayane) = abhyAsa karanA-carcayati, crcyte| carcayiSyati, crcyissyte| (bhakSaNe) = khAnA, cabAnA-carvayati, crvyte| carvayiSyati, crvyissyte| (citrakaraNe) = tasvIra khIMcanA-citrayati, citryte| citrayiSyati, citryissyte| 19. cinta (smRtyAm) = smaraNa karanA-cintayati, cintyte| cintayiSyati, : cintyissyte| 183

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20. cur (steye) = coranA-corayati, coryte| corayiSyati, coryissyte| 21. chad (AcchAdane) = DhAMpanA-chAdayati, chaadyte| chAdayiSyati, chaadyissyte| vAkya 1. tau citrytH| ve donoM tasavIra banAte haiN| 2. te sarve cintynte| ve saba socate haiN| 3. sa dravyaM coryti| vaha paisA curAtA hai| 4. sa vane azvaM gvessyte| vaha jaMgala meM ghor3e ko DhUMr3hatA hai| 5. sa kRSNakathAM kthyti| vaha kRSNa kI kathA kahatA hai| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve ukta dhAtuoM se isa prakAra vividha vAkya banAkara dhAtuoM ke rUpoM kA upayoga kreN| dhAtuoM ke rUpa bArambAra banAne se hI ThIka yAda raha sakate haiN| dazama gnn| bhUtakAla cur (steye) ubhayapada prsmaipd| bhUtakAla acorayat acorayatAm acorayan acorayaH acorayatam acorayata acorayam acorayAva acorayAma aatmnepd| bhUtakAla acorayata acorayetAm acorayanta acorayathAH acorayethAm acorayadhvam acoraye acorayAvahi acorayAmahi prathama gaNa ke samAna hI dazama gaNa bhUtakAla ke rUpa samajha lIjiye, kevala bIca meM 'aya' hotA hai| prathama gnn| bhUtakAla dazama gnn| bhUtakAla prathama puruSa acchadat acchAdayat madhyama puruSa acchadaH acchAdayaH uttama puruSa acchadam acchAdayam chad-'AcchAdane' dhAtu prathama gaNa aura dazama gaNa meM bhI hai| donoM ke rUpoM 184/ kA bheda dekhie| yaha dhAtu ubhayapada meM hai, parantu parasmaipada ke hI rUpa diye haiN| 55

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dazama gnn| ubhayapada dhAtu 1. chidra (bhedane)=surAkha krnaa-chidryti| chidryte| chidrayiSyati, chidryissyte| acchidrayat, acchidryt| 2. ched (dvaidhIkaraNe) = kATanA -chedayati, chedyte| chedayiSyati, chedyissyte| acchedayat, acchedyt| 3. jR (jAra) vayohAnau = vRddha honA-jArayati, jArayate / jArayiSyati, jArayiSyate, accha __aadi| 4. jJap (jJAne jJApane ca) = jAnanA aura jatAnA -jJapayati / jJapayate jJapayiSyati, jJapayiSyate aadi| 5. tap (saMtApe) = tapAnA-tApayati, taapyte| tApayiSyati, taapyissyte| ___ atApayat, ataapyt| 6. tark (vita) = tarka karanA-tarkayati, trkyte| tarkayiSyati, trkyissyte| ___ atarkayata, atrkyt| 7. tij (nizAne) = teja karanA -tejayati, tejyte| tejayiSyati, tejyissyte| atejayat, atejyt| 8. tila (tel) (snehe) = tela nikAlanA-telayati, telyte| telayiSyati, telyissyte| atelayat, atelyt| 9. tIr (pAraGgatau, karmasamAptau ca) = pAra jAnA aura karma samApta karanA-tIrayati, tiiryte| tIrayiSyati, tiiryissyte| atIrayat, atiiryt| kaI dhAtu dazama aura prathama gaNoM meM haiM, isalie unako pUrva pAThoM meM prathama gaNa meM dekara yahAM dazama gaNa meM bhI diyA hai| AzA hai ki pAThaka ina dhAtuoM ke rUpa banAkara vAkya bnaayeNge| inake rUpa bar3e sarala haiN| pATha 50 1. tul (tol) (unmAne) = tolanA-tolayati, tolyte| tolayiSyati, tolyissyte| atolayat, atolyt| 2. daND (daNDanipAtane damane ca) = daNDa denA, damana karanA-daNDayati, dnnddyte| daNDayiSyati, dnnddyissyte| adaNDayat, adnnddyt| 3. duHkh (duHkhakriyAyAm) = kaSTa denA-duHkhayati, duHkhyte| duHkhayiSyati, 185

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duHkhyissyte| aduHkhayat / aduHkhyt| 4. dhR (dhAra) (dhAraNe) = dhAraNa karanA-dhArayati, dhaaryte| dhArayiSyati, dhaaryissyte| adhaaryt| adhaaryt| 5. nivAs (AcchAdane) = DhAMpanA-nivAsayati, nivaasyte| nivAsayiSyati, nivaasyissyte|anivaasyt, anivaasyt| 6. pAr (karmasamAptau) = kArya samApta karanA-pArayati, paaryte| pArayiSyati, paaryissyte| apArayata, apaaryt| 7. pAl (rakSaNe) = rakSA karanA-pAlayati, ityAdi puurvvt| 8. pID (avagAhane) = kaSTa denA-pIDayati, piiddyte| pIDayiSyati, piiddyissyte| apIDayat, apiiddyt| 9. puS (poSa) (dhAraNe) = dhAraNa karanA-poSayati, possyte| poSayiSyati, __possyissyte| apoSayat, apossyt| pUj (pUjAyAm) = pUjA karanA-pUjayati, puujyte| pUjayiSyati, puujyissyte| __apUjayat, apuujyt| 11. pUra (ApyAne) = bharanA-pUrayati, puuryte| pUrayiSyati / puuryissyte| apUrayat, apuuryt| 12. pUrNa (saMghAte) = ikaTThA karanA-pUrNayati, puurnnyte| (zeSa rUpa pAThaka banA sakate haiN| pUrvavat krnaa|) 13. prath (prakhyAne) = prasiddha honA-prathayati, prthyte| 14. bhakS (adane) = khAnA-bhakSayati, bhkssyte| 15. bha... (tarjane) = nindA karanA-bhartsayati, bhrtsyte| 16. bhUSu (alaMkAre) = bhUSita karanA-bhUSayati, bhuussyte| 17. maha (pUjAyAm) = satkAra karanA-mahayati, mhyte| 18. mAn (pUjAyAm) = sammAna karanA-mAnayati, maanyte| 19. mArga (anveSaNe) = DhU~r3hanA-mArgayati, maargyte| 20. mArju (zuddhau) = svaccha karanA-mArjayati, maarjyte| 21. muc (moc) (pramocane) = khulA karanA-mocayati, mocyte| 22. mRSa (maS) (titikSAyAm) = marSayati, mrssyte| 23. lakS (darzane) = dekhanA-lakSayati, lkssyte| 24. vac (paribhASaNe) = par3hanA, bolanA-vAcayati, vaacyte| 25. vardha (pUrNe) = bar3hAnA, pUrNa karanA-vardhayati, vrdhyte| 26. vRj (vaj) (varjane) = alaga karanA-varjayati, vrjyte| 27. sAntv (sAmaprayoge) = zAnta karanA-sAntvayati, sAntvayate / 186

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28. sukh (sukha-kriyAyAm) = sukha denA-sukhayati, sukhyte| 29. sniha (snehe) = mitratA karanA-snehayati, snehyte| ina dhAtuoM ke zeSa rUpa pAThaka svayaM banA sakate haiN| dazama gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke rUpa banAnA bahuta sugama hai| vAkya putraH pitaraM sukhyti| putrau pitaraM sukhytH| putrAH pitaraM sukhynti| tava putraH tvAM sukhyissyti| tava putrau tvAM sukhyissytH| tava putrAstvAM sukhyissynti| tvaM taM sAntvayasi kim ? sa tvAM saantvyissyti| sa bAlaH kiM vdti| sa pazu bndhnaanmocyti| tau svazarIre bhuussytH| te svazarIrANi bhuussynti| yUyam annaM bhkssyth| puruSau svazarIre possyete| (pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve ukta dhAtuoM ke rUpa banAkara isa prakAra uparyukta vAkya banAeM aura bolane meM unakA upayoga kreN|) aba pAThaka prathama aura dazama gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke rUpa banA sakate haiN| isalie aba SaSTha (chaThe) gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke rUpa banAnA batAte haiM SaSTha gaNa ke dhAtu prsmaipd| vartamAnakAla mRD (sukhane) = Ananda karanA mRDataH mRDanti mRDasi mRDathaH mRDatha mRDAmi mRDAvaH mRDAmaH SaSTha gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke lie pratyayoM ke pUrva 'a' lagatA hai- mRdd+a+ti| isI prakAra anya rUpa banate haiN| prathama gaNa ke samAna hI ye rUpa huA karate haiM, aisA sAdhAraNataH samajhane meM koI vizeSa harja nhiiN| bhaviSyakAla bhI prathama gaNa ke samAna hI hotA hai| prathama gaNa meM aura SaSTha gaNa meM jo vizeSatA hai, usakA bodha pAThakoM ko Age jAkara ho jaaygaa| prsmaipd| bhaviSyakAla mRD marDiSyati marDiSyataH marDiSyanti marDiSyasi marDiSyathaH marDiSyatha marDiSyAmi marDiSyAvaH marDiSyAmaH mRDati

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parasmaipada / bhUtakA amRtam amRDatam amRDam amRDAva amRDAma tAtparya hai ki prathama gaNa ke samAna hI isake pratyaya aura rUpa haiM / isalie pAThakoM ko isa gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke rUpa banAnA koI kaThina na hogA / SaSTha gaNa / parasmaipada dhAtu amRDat amRDaH amRDan amRData 1. iS (icch) (icchAyAm ) = icchA karanA - icchati / eSiSyati / aicchat / 2. ujjha (utsarge) chor3anA - ujjhati / ujjhiSyati / aujjhat / = 3. ubj (Arjave) = sarala honA - ubjati / ubjiSyati / aubjat / 4. kRt (kRnt) (chedane ) = kATanA- kRntati / kartiSyati, kartsyati / akRntat / (isa dhAtu ke bhaviSyakAla meM do rUpa hote haiN| eka ikAra ke sAtha aura dUsarA ikAra ke binA / 5. guv (purISotsarge) = zauca karanA - guvati / guviSyati / aguvat / 6. guj (zabde ) = bolanA - gujati / gujiSyati / agujat / 7. gR (gir) (nigaraNe ) = nigalanA - girati / giriSyati / agirat / ( isa dhAtu ke 'ra' ke sthAna para 'la' bhI hotA hai| gilati / gilissyti| agilt| = 8. ghUrNa ( bhramaNe ) ghumAnA, ghUmanA- ghUrNati / ghUrNiSyati / aghUrNat / 9. tuD (tor3ane ) = tor3anA - tuDati / tuDiSyati / atuDat / 10. truT (chedane ) = kATanA - truTati / truTiSyati / atruTat / 1 11. dhi ( dhiy ) ( dhAraNe) = dhAraNa karanA - dhiyati / dhISyati / adhiyat / 12. dhu (dhuv) (vidhUnane ) = hilAnA - dhuvati / dhuviSyati / adhuvat / 13. dhruv (gatisthairyayoH) = sthira honA, jAnA- dhruvati / dhruviSyati / adhruvat / 14. pracchU (pRcch) (jJIpsAyAm ) = pUchanA, jAnanA - pRcchati / prakSyati / apRcchat / 15. Rc (stutau) = stuti karanA - Rcati / arcissyti| aarct| 16. RS (gatau) = jAnA - RSati / arSiSyati, ArSat / vAkya tau dhuvataH / sa pRcchati / tvaM kiM pRcchsi| sa devAnarciSyati / kathaM sa tat kASThaM | 188 ghUrNati / manuSyaH sukhamicchati / tau kRntataH /

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isa prakAra vAkya banAkara saba dhAtuoM kA upayoga karanA cAhie jisase dhAtuoM ke prayoga dhyAna meM raheMge / vAkya banAkara likhane kA abhyAsa adhika lAbhadAyaka hogA / pATha 51 prathama gaNa aura SaSTha gaNa kA bheda dekhane ke lie nimna dhAtuoM ke rUpa dekhie = prathama gaNa, parasmaipada / guj (kUjane) guj (zabde) = SaSTha gaNa, parasmaipada / gojati gojasi gojAmi gojiSyati gojiSyasi gojiSyAmi agojat agojaH agojam gujasi gujAi prathama gaNa / vartamAna kA gojataH gojathaH gojAvaH prathama gaNa / bhaviSyakA gojiSyataH gojiSyathaH gojiSyAvaH prathama gaNa / bhUtakA agojAm agojatam agojAva SaSTha gaNa / vartamAna kA gujataH gujathaH gujAvaH gojanti gojatha gojAmaH gojiSyanti gojiSyatha gojiSyAmaH agojan agojata agojAma gujanti gujatha gujAmaH 189

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SaSTha gnn| bhaviSyakAla gujiSyati gujiSyataH gujiSyanti gujiSyasi gujiSyathaH gujiSyatha gujiSyAmi gujiSyAvaH gujiSyAmaH SaSTha gnn| bhUtakAla agujat agujatAm agujan agujaH agujatam agujata agujam agujAva agujAma prathama gaNa meM 'gu' kA guNa hokara 'go' ho gayA hai aura 'gojati' rUpa ho gayA hai| SaSTha gaNa meM guNa nahIM huA aura 'gujati' rUpa huA hai| isI prakAra bheda dekhakara dhyAna meM rakhanA caahie| SaSTha gaNa meM bhaviSyakAla ke rUpoM meM kisI samaya guNa huA karatA hai| isakA patA rUpoM ko dekhane se laga jaaegaa| pichale pAThoM meM prathama, dazama aura SaSTha gaNa ke dhAtu Aye haiN| inameM kaI dhAtu eka hI haiM, unake rUpa jo sAtha-sAtha diye haiM, eka ke sAtha tulanA karake dekhane se pAThakoM ko patA laga sakatA hai ki ina gaNoM meM paraspara bheda kyA hai| isa bhinnatA ko dekha aura anubhava karake unakI vizeSatA ko dhyAna meM rakhanA caahie| SaSTha gnn| parasmaipada ke dhAtu 1. miS (spardhAyAm) = spardhA krnaa-missti| messissyti| amisst| 2. mRD (sukhane) = sukha denaa-mRddti| mrddissyti| amRddt| 3. mRz (Amarzane praNidhAne ca) = sparza karanA, vicAra krnaa-mRshti| mayaMti, mrkssyti| amRzat / (isa dhAtu ke bhaviSya meM do rUpa hote haiN|) 4. likha (akSaravinyAse) = likhnaa-likhti| likhissyti| alikht| 5. lubh (vimohane) = moha honaa-lubhti| lobhissyti| alubht| 6. viz (pravezane) = andara jaanaa-vishti| vekssyti| avizat / 7. vrazc (chedane) = kaattnaa-vRshcti| brazciSyati, vrkssyti| 8. zubha / 9. zumbh / sAmAna (zobhAyAm) = suzobhita honA-zubhati, shumbhti| zobhipyati, shumbhissyti| azubhat, ashumbht| 10. sad (visaraNagatyavasAdaneSu) = tor3anA, jAnA, udAsa honA-sIdati / satsyati / asiidt|

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preraNA karanA - suvati / suviSyati / asuvat / 11. su (preraNe) 12. sraj (visarge) chor3anA, banAnA - sRjati / srakSayati / asRjat / 13. spRz (saMsparzane) = sparza karanA - spRzati / sprakSyati, sparzyati / aspRzat / 14. sphuTU (vikasane ) = vikAsa honA - sphuTati / sphuTiSyati / asphuTat / 15. sphura (sphuraNe) = phurtI honA - sphurati / sphuriSyati / asphurat / vAkya = = putraH mAtApitarau mRDati / bAlakau likhataH / sabhAsadaH sabhAgRhaM vizanti / sacchurikayA lekhanIM vRshcti| te tatra satsyanti / Izvaro vizvaM jagatsRjati / tvaM mAM kimarthaM spRzasi / mama nayanaM sphurati / churikA - churI, cAkU / sabhAsadaH - sabhA kA sadasya / ukta dhAtuoM ke isa prakAra vAkya banAkara pAThaka apanI vaktRtA meM unakA upayoga kara sakate haiN| patra-vyavahAra meM tathA lekha meM bhI isa prakAra dhAtuoM kA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| aba SaSTha gaNa Atmanepada ke dhAtu ke rUpa dete haiM 1 SaSTha gaNa Atmanepada dhAtu 1. kU (zabde) = bolanA - kuvate / kuviSyate / akuvata / 2. juS (prItisevanayoH) = khuza honA, sevana karanA - juSate, joSiSyate, ajuSata / 3. AdR (Adare) : = Adara karanA - Adriyate / AdariSyate / Adriyata / 4. dhR ( avasthAne) = rahanA - dhriyate / dhariSyate / Adhriyata / 5. vyApR (vyApAre) = vyavahAra karanA - vyApriyate / vyApariSyate / vyApriyata / 6. mR (prANatyAge) = maranA - mriyate / mariSyati / amriyt| (yaha dhAtu bhaviSyakAla meM parasmaipadI hotA hai / ) 7. udvij (bhayacalanayoH) = DaranA, kAMpanA- udvijate / udvijiSyate / udvijata / 8. laj ( brIDane) lajjita honA - lajjate / lajjiSyate / alajjata / vAkya tvaM taM kiM na Adriyase / sa tAn AdariSyate / tau tAn juSete / ahaM na vyApriye / tau zvaH vyApariSyate kim / sa rugNo naiva mariSyati / tau amriyetAm / sa kimarthamudvijate / tvaM na lajjase / = 191

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SaSTha gaNa / ubhayapada dhAtu 1. kRS (vilekhane) = khetI karanA, hala calAnA - kRSati, kRSate / karkSyati, karkSyate, krakSyati, krakSyate / akRSat, akRsst| (bhaviSyakAla ke cAra-cAra rUpa hote haiM / ) 2. kSip (kSepaNe) = pheMkanA - kSipati, kSipate / kSepsyati, kSepsyate / akSipat, akSipata / duHkha honA - tudati tudate / totsyati, totsyate / atudat, 3. tud (vyathane) 4. nRd ( preraNe) = = atudata / preraNA karanA - nudati, nudate / notsyati, notsyate / anudat, anudata / 5. diz (AjJApane) = AjJA karanA - dizati, dizate / dekSyati, dekSyate / adizat, adizat / 6. milU (saMgame ) = milanA - milati, milte| meliSyati / meliSyate / amilat, amita / 1 7. muca ( mocane) = svatantra karanA, khulA karanA - muJcati, muJcate / mokSyati, mokSyate / amuJcat, amuJcata / 8. lip ( upadehe ) = lepana karanA - limpati limpate / 1 9. viMdU (lAbha) = prApta honA - vindati, vindate / vetsyati, vetsyate / vediSyati, vedissyte| avindt| avindata / vAkya kRSIvalaH kSetra kRSati / dhanurdharo bANAn kSipati / rAjA bhRtyAn Adizate / tvaM tena saha kimarthaM na milase / sa bandhanAt amuJcat / puruSArthI dhanaM vindate / pATha 52 dvitIya gaNa / parasmaipada prathama gaNa ke lie 'a', dazama gaNa ke lie 'aya' aura SaSTha gaNa ke lie 'a' ye cihna lagate haiM, aisA pUrva pAThoM meM kahA hai| isa prakAra koI cihna dvitIya gaNa ke lie nahIM lagatA / dhAtu ke sAtha pratyaya lagAkara ekadama rUpa banate haiM / dekhie - = rakSA karanA - pAti / pAsyati / apAt / 192 1. pA (rakSaNe )

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2. rA (dAne) = denaa-raati| raasyti| araat| 3. lA (dAne AdAne ca) = lenA, denaa-laati| laasyti| alaat| 4. mA (mAne) = minanA, maapnaa-maati| maasyti| amaat| 5. khyA (prakathane) = khnaa-khyaati| khyaasyti| akhyaat| 6. drA (kutsAyAm) = qharAba krnaa-draati| daasyti| adraat| 7. nidrA (svapne) = sonaa-nidraati| nidraasyti| nydraat| 8. bhA (dIptau) = prakAzanA-bhAti, bhaasyti| abhaat| 9. vA (gatigandhanayoH) = calanA, hiMsA krnaa-vaati| vaasyti| avaat| 10. yA (prApaNe) = jaanaa-yaati| yaasyti| ayaat| 11. AyA = aanaa-aayaati| aayaasyti| aayaat| dvitIya gaNa ke ruup| parasmaipada vartamAna kAla pAti pAtaH pAnti pAtha pAsi pAmi pAthaH pAvaH pAmaH bhaviSyakAla pAsyati pAsyataH pAsyanti pAsyasi pAsyathaH pAsyatha pAsyAmi pAsyAvaH pAsyAmaH apAt apAtAma apAn apAH apAtAm apAta apAm apAva apAma AzA hai ki pAThaka isa prakAra ukta dhAtuoM ke rUpa bnaayeNge| vAkya IzvaraH sarvAn paati| rAjAnau svajanAn paatH| manuSyAH svaputrAn paanti| sa idAnIM nidraati| ahaM zvaH naiva nidraasyaami| vaayuti| sUryo bhaati| tArakA bhaanti| rathA yaanti| azvaH aayaati|

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dvitIya gnn| parasmaipada dhAtu 1. ad (bhakSaNe) = khaanaa-atti| atsyti| aadt| 2. han (hiMsAgatyoH) = hiMsA karanA, jAnA-hanti / hnissyti| ahn| 3. vid (jJAne) = jAnanA-vetti, vedissyti| avet| 4. as (bhuvi) = honaa-asti| bhvissyti| aasiit| 5. mRj (zuddhau) = zuddha krnaa-maartti| mArjiSyati, maayti| amaartt| 6. rud (azruvimocane) = ronaa-roditi| rodissyti| arodat, arodIt / ukta chaH dhAtuoM ke rUpa vilakSaNa hone ke kAraNa nIce dete haiM ad (bhkssnne)| vartamAna kAla atti attaH adanti atsi atthaH admi advaH admaH attha bhUtakAla Adat AttAm Adan AdaH Attam Atta Adama Adva Adma isake bhaviSyakAla ke rUpa sugama haiN| atsyati, atsyataH, atsyanti ityaadi| ___ han (hiNsaagtyoH)| vartamAna kAla hanti hataH hananti hathaH hanmi hanvaH bhUtakAla hasi hatha hanmaH ahan ahatAm anan ahan ahatam ahata ahanam ahanva ahanma isake bhaviSyakAla ke rUpa AsAna haiN| haniSyati, haniSyataH, haniSyanti ityaadi|

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vid (jnyaane)| vartamAna kAla vetti (veda) vittaH (vidatuH) vidanti (viduH) vetsi (vettha) vitthaH (vidathuH) vittha (vida) vedmi (veda) vidvaH (vidva) vidmaH (vidma) isa dhAtu ke pratyeka vacana ke do-do rUpa hote haiN| ve smaraNa karane caahie| bhUtakAla avet avittAm aviduH avaH (avet) avittam avitta avedam avidva avina isa dhAtu ke bhaviSyakAla ke rUpa sulabha haiN| vediSyati, vediSyataH, vediSyanti ityaadi| as (bhuvi) vartamAna kAla asti na. santi stha asi sthaH asmi svaH smaH bhaviSyakAla isa dhAtu ke bhaviSyakAla meM 'bhU' dhAtu ke samAna hI rUpa hote haiN| bhaviSyati, bhaviSyataH, bhvissynti| bhaviSyasi, bhaviSyathaH, bhvissyth| bhaviSyAmi ityaadi| bhUtakAla Asta AsIt AstAm Asan AsIH Astam Asam Asva Asma __mRj (zuddhau) vartamAna kAla mASTi mRSTaH mRjanti, mArjanti mArki mRSTaH mRSTa mAmi mRjvaH mRjmaH

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rudithaH bhUtakAla amArTa, (amAG) amRSTAm amRjan, (amArjana) amArTa (amAG) amRSTam amRSTa amArjam amRjva amRjma isa dhAtu kA bhaviSyakAla sugama hai| mArjiSyati, mArjiSyataH, mArjiSyanti ityaadi| rud (azruvimocane) vartamAna kAla roditi ruditaH rudanti rodiSi ruditha rodimi rudivaH rudimaH bhUtakAla arodat, arodIt aruditAm arudan arodaH, arodIH aruditam arudita arodam arudiva arudima bhaviSyakAla ke rUpa-rodiSyati, rodiSyataH, rodissynti| AzA hai ki pAThaka ina rUpoM ko dhyAna meM rkheNge| inakA bArambAra vAkyoM meM upayoga karane se inakA smaraNa raha sakatA hai| vAkya 1. rAmo rAvaNaM hnissyti| rAma rAvaNa ko maaregaa| 2. bhRtyaH pAtrAn maartti| naukara bartanoM ko sApha karatA hai| 3. tvaM kimarthaM rodissi| tU kyoM rotA hai ? 4. AsId rAjA rAmacandro naam| rAmacandra nAma kA rAjA thaa| 5. etanna vidyH| hama saba isako nahIM jaante| 6. hyaH tvaM na arodaH kim| . kyA tU kala nahIM royA ? 7. sarve vayam annam amH| hama saba anna khAte haiN|

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Aste pATha 53 As (upavezane) = baiThanA, vartamAna kAla AsAte Asate Asse AsAthe Adhye Asvahe Asmahe bhaviSyakAla AsiSyate AsiSyete AsiSyante AsiSyase AsiSyethe AsiSyadhve AsiSye AsiSyAvahe AsiSyAmahe bhUtakAla Ase. Asata Asta AsAtAm AsthAH AsAthAm Adhvam Asi Asvahi Asmahi adhi+i (adhI) (adhyayane) = adhyayana krnaa| vartamAna kAla adhIte adhIyAte adhIyate adhISe adhIyAthe adhIdhve adhIye adhIvahe adhImahe bhaviSyakAla adhyeSyate adhyeSyete adhyeSyante adhyeSyase adhyeSyethe adhyeSyadhve adhyeSye adhyeSyAvahe adhyeSyAmahe bhUtakAla adhyaita adhyayAtAm adhyayata adhyaithAH adhyaiyAthAm adhyadhvam adhyaiyi adhyaivahi adhyaimahi 197

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adhyeSi yahI dhAtu parasmaipada meM bhI hai jisakA artha 'adhi+i (smaraNe) = smaraNa karanA hai'| isake rUpa prsmaipd| vartamAna kAla adhyeti adhItaH adhIyanti adhIthaH adhItha adhyemi adhIvaH adhImaH parasmaipada / bhaviSyakAla adhyeSyati adhyeSyataH adhyeSyanti adhyeSi adhyeSyathaH adhyeSyatha adhyeSyAmi adhyeSyAvaH adhyeSyAmaH prsmaipd| bhUtakAla adhyet adhyetAm adhyAyan adhyaiH adhyaitam adhyaita adhyAyam adhyaiva adhyama inake ubhayapada ke ye saba rUpa vizeSa upayogI hone se ThIka smaraNa rakhane caahieN| Iz (aizvarya) = prabhutva karanA aatmnepd| vartamAna ISTe IzAte Izate IziSe IzAthe Izidhye Izvahe Izmahe aatmnepd| bhaviSyakAla IziSyate IziSyete IziSyante IziSyase IziSyethe IziSyadhve IziSye IziSyAvahe IziSyAmahe

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aatmnepd| bhUtakAla aizAtAm aizata aiSTAH aizAthAm aiDDhva ma aizi aizmahi cakSa (vyaktAyAM vAci) = bolanA aatmnepd| vartamAna kAla aizvahi BE cakSAthe cakSAte cakSate caDDve cakSvahe cakSmahe aatmnepd| bhaviSyakAla cakSa dhAtu ke lie 'khyA' Adeza hotA hai| smaraNa rakhanA caahie| khyAsyate khyAsyete khyAsyante khyAsyase . khyAsyethe khyAsyadhve khyAsye khyAsyAvahe khyAsyAmahe aatmnepd| bhUtakAla ___timit acaSTa acaSTA acakSi acakSAtAm acakSAthAm acakSvahi acakSata acaDDhvam acakSmahi jAgR (nidrAkSaye) = jAganA prsmaipd| vartamAna kAla jAgarti jAgarSi jAgRtaH jAgRthaH jAgRvaH jAgrati jAgRtha jAgRmaH jAgarmi

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200 jAgariSyati jAgariSyi jAgariSyAmi dveSTi dvekSi dveSmi dviSTe dvikSe dviSe ajAgaH ajAgRtAm ajAgaH ajAgRtam ajAgaram ajAgRva dviS (aprItau) = dveSa karanA-ubhayapada parasmaipada / vartamAna kAla adveT adveT adveSam parasmaipada / bhaviSyakAla jAgariSyataH jAgariSyathaH jAgariSyAvaH parasmaipada / bhUtakAla adviSTa adviSThAH adviSi dviSTaH dviSThaH dviSvaH Atmanepada / vartamAna kAla dviSAte dviSAthe dviSvahe parasmaipada / bhUtakAla adviSTam adviSTam adviSva jAgariSyanti jAgariSyatha jAgariSyAmaH Atmanepada / bhUtakAla adviSAtAm adviSAthAm adviSvahi ajAgaruH ajAgRta ajAgRma dviSanti dviSTha dviSmaH dviSate dvive dviSma adviSan, adviSuH adviSTa adviSma adviSata adviDDhvam adviSmahi 'dviS' dhAtu kA bhaviSyakAla 'dvekSyati, dvekSyate' aisA hotA hai| usake rUpa sugama haiN|

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vAkya ahaM tam advissi| te sarve'pi tam adviSan tvaM kimarthaM dvekSi ? yuvAM na dvisstthH| AvAM hyaH ajaagRvH| tvaM zvaH jAgariSyasi kim| sarve vayaM adya jaagRmH| Izvaro dvipadazcatuSpadaH iisstte| maiM usako dveSa karatA thaa| ve saba bhI usako dveSa karate the| tU kyoM dveSa karatA hai ? tuma donoM dveSa nahIM krte| hama donoM kala jAgate rhe| kyA tU kala jAgegA ? hama saba Aja jAgate haiN| paramezvara dvipAda aura catuSpAdoM para prabhutva karatA hai| maiMne vyAkaraNa par3hA nhiiN| tU kyA par3hatA hai ? vaha jyotiSa pddh'egaa| ve donoM gaNita par3hate haiN| baiThA hai vaha vhaaN| hama saba yahA~ hI baiThate haiN| tuma donoM vahAM baitthoge| maiM vahAM nahIM bailuuNgaa| kauna vahAM baiThegA ? ahaM vyAkaraNaM naadhyaiyi| kimdhyessi| sa jyautissmdhyessyte| tau gaNitaM adhiiyaate| Aste sa ttr| vayaM sarve atraivaasmhe| yuvAM tatra aasissyethe| ahaM naiva ttraasissye| ksttraasissyte| pATha 54 tRtIya gnn| ubhayapada ___dA (dAne) = denA prsmaipd| vartamAna kAla dadAti dattaH dadati dadAsi datyaH datya dadAmi dadvaH dadmaH tRtIya gaNa ke dhAtuoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isa gaNa ke vartamAna aura bhUtakAla - ke rUpa hone ke samaya dhAtu ke pahale akSara kA dvitva hotA hai|

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202 'dA' dhAtu kA dvitva hokara 'dAdA' banatA hai, aura pratyaya lagane ke samaya pahale akSara kA dIrghasvara hasva hokara 'dadA + ti ' dadAti' aisA rUpa banatA hai| dvivacana aura bahuvacana ke pratyaya lagane se pUrva antya AkAra kA lopa hotA hai / jaisA - dA; dAdA, dadA+maH = dad+maH=dadmaH / parasmaipada / bhUtakAla adattAm adattam adadAm adava adadma isake bhaviSyakAla ke rUpa sugama haiN| dAsyati / dAsyate / isake Atmanepada ke rUpa nimna prakAra hote haiM adadAt adadAH datte datse da Atmanepada / vartamAna kAla dadA dAthe adaduH adatta dadate dave dahe dahe Atmanepada / bhUtakAla adatta adadAtAm adatthAH adadAthAm adi adadvahi dhA ( dhAraNapoSaNayoH) = dhAraNa aura poSaNa karanA parasmaipada adadata adadhvam ahi vartamAna- dadhAti, dhattaH, dadhati / dadhAsi dhatyaH, dhatya / dadhAmi, dadhvaH dadhmaH / bhaviSya - dhAsyati / dhAsyasi / dhAsyAmi / bhUta - adadhAt, adhattAm, adadhuH / adadhAH, adhattam, adhatta / adadhAm, adadhva, adadhma / Atmanepada vartamAna- dhatte, dadhAte, dadhate / datse, dadhAthe, dadhve / dadhe, dadhvahe, dadhmahe / bhaviSya-dhAsyate / dhAsyase / dhAsye / bhUta-adhatta, adadhAtAm, addht| adhatthAH, adadhAthAma, adhadadhvam / adadhi, adadhvahi, adadhmahi /

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bhR (dhAraNapoSaNayoH) = dhAraNa aura poSaNa karanA parasmaipada vartamAna-bibharti, bibhRtaH, bibhrati / bibharSi, bibhRthaH, bibhRth| bibharmi, bibhRvaH, bibhRmaH / bhvissy-bhrissyti| bhrissysi| bhrissyaami| bhUta-abibhaH, abibhRtAm, abibhruH| abibhaH, abibhRtam, abibhRta / abibharam, abibhRva, abibhRm| bhI (bhaye) = DaranA parasmaipada vartamAna-bibheti, bibhItaH, bibhyti| bibheSi, bibhIthaH, bibhiith| bibhemi, bibhIvaH, bibhiimH| (isake dvivacana meM dIrgha 'bhI' ke sthAna para hrasva 'bhi' hokara bhI rUpa banate haiN| jaise-bibhithaH bibhitaH i.) bhaviSya-bheSyati, bheSyati, bhessyaasi| bhUta-abibhet abibhItAm, abibhyuH| abibheH, abibhItam, abibhiit| abibhayam, abibhIva, abibhiim| (yahA~ dIrgha 'bhI' ke sthAna para hrasva hokara dUsare rUpa hote haiN| jaise-abibhita, abibhima i.) mA (mAne) = minanA, mApanA Atmanepada vartamAna-mimIte, mimAte, mimte| mimISe, mimAthe, mimiidhve| mime, mimIvahe, mimiimhe| bhaviSya-mAsyate, maasyse| maasye| bhUta-amimIta, amimAtAm, amimt| amimIthAH, amimAthAm, amimIdhvam / amimi, amimIvahi, amimiimhi| viS (vyAptau) = vyApanA parasmaipada vartamAna-veveSTi, veviSTaH, vevissti| vevekSi, veviSTha, visstthH| veveSmi, veviSvaH, vevissmH|

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bhvissy-vekssyti| vekSyasi / vkssyaami| bhUta-aveveT, aveviSTAm, avevissuH| aneveSTa, aveviSTAm, avevissuH| aveveTa aviSTham, avisstth| aveviSam, aveviSva, avissm| (pada ke antima TkAra kA DkAra hotA hai| jaise-aveveT, aveveD / ) _ hA (tyAge) = tyAganA parasmaipada vartamAna-jahAti, jahItaH, jhti| jahAsi, jahIthaH, jhiith| jahAmi, jahIvaH, jhiimH| bhvissy-haasyti| haasysi| haasyaami| bhUta-ajahAt, asaMhItAm, ajahuH / ajahAH, ajahItam, ajhiit| ajahAm, ajahIva, ajhiim| (isa dhAtu ke dIrgha 'hI' ke sthAna para hrasva hokara aura rUpa banate haiN| jaise-jahItaH, jahivaH / ajahiva, ajhim| i.) hu (dAnAdAnayoH) dena, lena, khAnA parasmaipada vartamAna-juhoti, juhutaH, juhvti| juhoSi, juhathaH, juhuth| juhomi, juhuvaH, juhumaH / bhvissy-hossyti| hossysi| hossyaami| bhUta-ajuhot, ajuhutAm, ajuhuvuH / ajuhoH, ajuhutam, ajuhut| ajuhavam, ajuhuva, ajuhum| isa prakAra tRtIya gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke rUpa hote haiN| dvitIya aura tRtIya gaNa meM dhAtu bahuta thor3e haiM, parantu jo haiM unake saba rUpa vilakSaNa hote haiM, aura vizeSa lakSyapUrvaka dhyAna meM dharane par3ate haiM, isalie pustaka ke isa bhAga meM unameM se thor3e hI dhAtu diye haiM aura jo diye haiM, unake rUpa bhI sAtha-sAtha diye haiM, jisase pAThaka AsAnI ke sAtha una dhAtuoM kA abhyAsa kara sakate haiN| pAThakoM ko cAhie ki ve ina donoM gaNoM ke rUpoM ko acchI prakAra smaraNa kreN| vAkya 1. aham adya juhomi| maiM Aja havana karatA huuN| 2. sa kadA hossyti| vaha kaba havana karegA ? 3. tau hya eva ajuhutaam| una donoM ne kala hI havana kiyaa|

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4. veveSTi iti vissnnuH| 5. AvAM dhAnya mimiivhe| 6. yuvAM hyaH abibhetm| 7. ahaM na bibhemi| 8. bibharti iti bhrtH| 9. pAtram udakena bhariSyasi kim| 10. puSkarasrajaM adhtt| 11. dAtA dravyaM ddaati| 12. aham addaam| 13. sarve vayaM ddmH| 14. sa naiva daasyti| 15. vayaM vyAghrAd bibhiimH| 16. dhAnyaM kuDavena* mimiite| vyApatA hai isalie viSNu kahate haiN| . hama donoM dhAna mApate haiN| tuma donoM kala Dara gye| maiM nahIM ddrtaa| poSana karatA hai isalie bharata kahate haiN| kyA tU jala se bartana karegA ? kamalamAlA dhAraNa kii| dAtA dhana detA hai| maiMne diyaa| saba hama dete haiN| vaha nahIM degaa| hama zera se Darate haiN| dhAna kuDave se mApatA hai| pATha 55 caturtha gaNa ke dhAtu caturtha gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke vartamAna aura bhUtakAloM ke rUpoM meM 'ya' lagatA hai| zuca (pUtIbhAve) = zuddha karanA-ubhayapada vartamAna-zucyati, zucyataH, shucynti| zucyasi, zucyathaH, shucyth| zucyAmi, zucyAvaH, shucyaamH| bhUta-azucyat, azucyatAm, ashucyn| azucyaH, azucyatam, ashucyt| azucyam, azucyAva, ashucyaam| bhvissy-shocissyti| shocissysi| shocissyaami| Atmanepada ke rUpa vartamAna-zucyate, zucyete, shucynte| zucyase, zucyethe, shucydhye| zucye, zucyAvahe, shucyaamhe| * cAra sera kA eka kuDava hotA hai|

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206 bhUta - azucyata, azucyatAm, azucyanta / azucyathAH, azucyethAm azucyadhvam / azucye, azucyAvahi, azucyAmahi / bhaviSya - zociSyate / zociSyase / zociSye / 1. RdhU 2. kuTU 3. kup 4. kRz 5. krudhU 6. klUma 7. klid 9. kSam 10. kSip aklidyat / = 8. kliza ( upatApe ) (Atmanepada ) kleza bhoganA - klizyate / kleziSyate / aklizyata / ( kaiyoM kI sammati meM yaha dhAtu parasmaipada meM bhI ' hai / ) - klizyati i . / akSAmyat / 1 = (sahane ) ( parasmaipada) = sahanA - kSAmyati / kSamiSyati, (preraNe) = pheMkanA - kSipyati / kSepsyati / akSipyata / (bubhukSAyAm ) bhUkha laganA - kSudhyati / kSotsyati / akSudhyat / (saMcalane) = halacala macanA - kSubhyati / kSobhiSyati / akSubhyat / ( dainye) (Atmanepada) = kheda karanA - khidyate / khetsyate / akhidyata / (adhikAMkSAyAm) ( parasmaipada) = lobha karanA - gRdhyati / gardhiSyati / agRdhyat / ( prAdurbhAve) (Atmanepada) = utpanna honA-jAyate / janiSyate / ajAyata / ( vayohAnau ) ( parasmaipada) = jIrNa honA - jIryati / jarISyati, jariSyati / ajIryat / 11. kSudhU 12. kSubhU 13. khid 14. gRdhU 15. janU 16. nR 17. DI 18. tuS 19. tRp 20. tRSu 21. tras dhAtu (vRddhau) ( parasmaipada) = bar3hanA - Rdhyati / ardhissyti| aardhyt| (kuTTane ) ( parasmaipada) = kUTanA - kuTyati / koTiSyati / akuTyat / (krodhe ) ( parasmaipada) = krodha karanA - kupyati / kopiSyati / akupyat / ( tanU karaNe) = kRza honA - kRzyati / karziSyati / akRzyat / (krodhe ) = krodha karanA - krudhyati, krotsyati / akrudhyat / = thakanA - klAmyati / klamiSyati / aklAmyat / gIlA honA - klidyati / klediSyati / kletsyati / ( glAnau ) ( ArdrIbhAve) 22. dam 23. div = I (vihAyasAgatau) (Atmanepada) = ur3anA - DIyate / DayiSyate / aDIyata / (tuSTau ) ( parasmaipada) = santuSTa honA - tuSyati / tokSayati / atuSyat / (tRptau) = tRpta honA - tRpyati / trpissyti| atRSyat / (pipAsAyAm ) = pyAsa laganA-tRSyati / tarSiSyati / atRSyat / (udvege) = kaSTa honA - trasyaMti / trasiSyati / atrasyat / (uparame) = damana karanA - dAmyati / damiSyati / adAmyat / (krIDAyAm ) = khelanA - dIvyati / deviSyati / adIvyat /

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24. dIp (dIptau) (Atmanepada) = prkaashnaa-diipyte| diipissyte| adiipyt| 25. duS (vaiklavye) (parasmaipada) = doSayukta honaa-dussyti| dokssyti| adussyt| 26. druh (jighAMsAyAm) = ghAta karanA-druhyati / drohiSyati / drokSyati / adruhyt| 27. naz (Adarzane) = nAza honaa-nshyti| naziSyati, nNkssyti| anazyat / 28. puS (puSTau) = puSTa honaa-pussyti| pokssyti| apussyt| 29. pUra (ApyAyane) (Atmanepada) = bhrnaa-puuryte| puurissyte| apuuryt| 30. aMz (adhaHpatane) = (parasmaipada) girnaa-bhrNshyti| bhrNshissyti| abhraMzyat / 31. mad (harSe) = Ananda honaa-maadyti| mdissyti| amAdyat 32. man (jJAne) = (Atmanepada) vicAra krnaa-mnyte| mNsyte| amnyt| 33. muha (vaicitye) = mohita honaa-muhyti| mohiSyati, mokSayati amuhyt| 34. mRga (anveSaNe) = ddhuuNddh'naa-mRgyti| mrgissyti| amRgyt| 35. yuja (samAdhau) = citta sthira krnaa-yujyte| yokssyte| ayujyt| 36. yutha (saMprahAre) = yuddha krnaa-yudhyte| yotsyte| ayudhyata / 37. lubh (gAyeM) = (parasmaipada) lobha krnaa-lubhyti| lobhissyti| alubhyat 38. vid (sattAyAm) = (Atmanepada) honA, rhnaa-vidyte| vetsyte| avidyt| (marSaNe) = (ubhayapada) sahanA-zakyati, shkyte|shkissyti, shkissyte| zakSyati, shkssyte| azakyata, ashkyt| zam (zAm) (upazame) = (parasmaipada) zAnta honaa-shaamyti| shaamissyti| ashaamyt| 41. zudh (zauce) = zuddha krnaa-shudhyti| shotsyti| ashudhyt| 42. sidh (siddhau) = siddha krnaa-sidhyti| setsyti| asidhyt| 43. sIv (tantuvAye) = siinaa-siivyti| sevissyti| asiivyt| 44. haS (tuSTau) = santuSTa honA-hRSyati / hrssissyti| ahRssyt| vAkya sa ahRssyt| vaha santuSTa huaa| tau ashaamytaam| ve donoM zAnta hue| sa upadezaM na mnyte| vaha upadeza nahIM maantaa| bAlakAH pussynti| lar3ake puSTa hote haiN| pazya sa kathaM sUcyA vastraM sIvyati / tau sIvyataH / te sarve'pi idAnIM na siivynti| sa idAnIM svagRhe eva vidyte| rAjA rASTrAd bhrshyti| AtmA naiva nazyati paraM zarIraM nshyti| sa jalena tRssyti| are, tvaM kadA tokSyasi / tau vane mRgAn mRgytH| rAvaNaH |207)

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rAmeNa saha yudhyte| muhyati me manaH / zarIraM jIryati parantu dhanAzA jIryato'pi na jiiryti| pakSiNaH AkAze ddiiynte| tvaM kimarthaM khidyse| tasya manaH kssubhyti| pATha 56. paMcama gaNa ke dhAtu paMcama gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke lie dhAtu aura pratyaya ke bIca meM vartamAna aura bhUtakAla meM 'nu' cihna lagatA hai| su-(snapana-pIDana-snAneSu) = snAna karanA, rasa nikAlanA i. ubhayapada parasmaipada vartamAna-sunoti, sunutaH, sunvnti| sunoSi, sunuthaH, sunuth| sunomi, sunuvaH-sunvaH= sunumH-sunmH| bhUta-asunot, asunutAm, asunvn| asunoH, asunutam asunut| asunavam, asunuva-asunva, asunum-asunm| bhvissy-sossyti| sossysi| sossyaami| Atmanepada vartamAna-sunute, sunvAte, sunvte| sunuSe, sunvAthe, sunudhve| sunve, sunuvahe-sunvahe, sunumhe-sunmhe| bhUta-asunuta, asunvAtAm, asunvt| asunuthAH, asunvAthAm, asunudhvam / asunvi, asunuvahi-asunvahi, asunumhi-asunmhi| bhvissy-sossyte| sossyse| sossye| sAth (saMsiddhau) = siddha honA-parasmaipada vartamAna-sAdhnoti, sAdhnutaH, saadhnuvnti| sAdhnoSi, sAdhnuthaH, saadhnuth| sAnomi, sAnuvaH, saanumH| bhUta-asAdhnot, asAdhnutAm, asaanuvn| asAdhnoH, asAdhnutam, asAdhnuta / 208| asAdhnuvam, asAnuva, asaadhnum|

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bhvissy-saatsyti| saatsysi| saatsyaami| az (vyAptau) = vyApanA-AtmanepadaM vartamAna aznute, aznuvAte, aznuvate / aznuSe, aznuvAthe, aznudhve / aznuve, aznuvahe, ashnumhe| bhUta-Aznuta, AznuvAtAm, aashnuvt| AznuthAH, AznuvAthAm, Aznudhvam / Aznuvi, Aznuvahi, aashnumhi| bhaviSya-aziSyate, akssyte| aziSyase, akssyse| aziSye, akssye| Ap (vyAptau) = vyApanA, pAnA-parasmaipada vartamAna-Apnoti, ApnutaH, aapnuvnti| ApnoSi, ApnuthaH, aapnuth| Apnomi, Apnuva, aapnumH| bhUta-Apnot, ApnutAm, Apnuvan / ApnoH, Apnutam, Apnuta / Apnuvam, Apnuva, aapnum| bhaviSya-Apsyati / aapsysi| aapsyaami| zak (zaktau) = sakanA-parasmaipada vrtmaan-shknoti| shknossi| zaknomi, zaknuvaH, shknumH| bhUta-azaknot / azaknoH / azaknavam, azaknuva, ashknum| bhvissy-shkssyti| zakSyasi / shkssyaami| stR (AcchAdane) = DhAMpanA-parasmaipada vartamAna-stRNeti, stRNutaH, stRnnvnti| stRnnossi| stRNomi stRNuvaH-stRNvaH, stRnnumH-stRnnmH| bhuut-astRnnot| astRNutAm / astRnnoH| astRnnvm| bhvissy-strissyti| sta (AcchAdane)-Atmanepada vartamAna-staNute, staNvAte, stnnvte| stnnusse| staNve / bhuut-astnnut| astnnuthaaH| astnnvi| bhvissy-stnnissyte|

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210 ci (cayane) = cunanA, ikaTThA karanA - ubhayapada parasmaipada vartamAna- cinoti, cinutaH / cinosi, cinuthaH / cinomi / bhUta - acinot, acinutaam| acinoH| acinavam / bhaviSya - ceSyati / Atmanepada vartamAna- cinute, cinvAte / cinuSe / cinuve / bhUta - acinuta / acinuthAH / acinvi / ( isa dhAtu ke bakArAdi aura makArAdi pratyaya hone para do-do rUpa hote haiM:cinuvaH- cinvaH, -cinumahe, - cinmahe / ) 1. mi (kSepaNe) dhAtu = ( pheMkanA) - ubhayapada - minoti, minutaH / mAsyati, mAsyate / aminot, aminuta / 2. kR (hiMsAyAm) = ( hiMsA karanA) - ubhayapada - kRNoti, kRNutaH / kariSyati, kariSyate, akRNet, akRNuta / 3. vR ( varaNe ) = ( pasanda karanA) - ubhayapada - vRNoti, vRNute / variSyati, variSyate / avRNot, avRNuta / 4. dhu (kampane ) = ( hilanA) - ubhayapada - dhunoti, dhunuta / dhoSyati, dhoSyate / adhunot, adhunuta / vAkya 1. sItA rAmacandraM avRNet / 2. ahaM tvAM variSyAmi / 3. te tatra gantuM na zaknuvanti / 4. ahaM nAzaknuvam tatkarma kartum / 5. manuSyaH svakarmaNaH phalaM aznute / 6. sa somaM sunoti / 7. sa sukhaM Apnoti / 8. vayaM sarve sukhaM ApnumaH / 9. sa tadA vaktuM nAzaknot / 10. yajJArthaM somaM sa na sunute / 11. tvaM phalAni cinoSi kim / sItA ne rAmacandra ko pasanda kiyA / maiM tujhe pasanda karU~gA / ve vahA~ nahIM jA skte| 1 maiM samartha nahIM thA vaha karma karane ke lie| manuSya apane karma kA phala bhogatA hai / vaha soma kA rasa nikAlatA hai| vaha sukha prApta karatA hai hama saba sukha prApta karate haiM / vaha taba bola na sakA / yajJa ke liye soma kA rasa vaha nahIM nikAlatA / kyA tU phala cunatA hai ?

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12. vastraiH sa pustakAni stRnnoti| kapar3oM se vaha pustakeM DhAMpatA hai| 13. samudrasya pAraM gantuM sa naashkt| samudra ke pAra jAne ke lie vaha samartha na huaa| 14. dharmAcaraNena manuSyaH sukhaM Apsyati |dhrmaacrnn se manuSya sukha prApta kregaa| pATha 57 saptama gaNa ke dhAtu saptama gaNa kA cihna 'na' hai aura vaha dhAtu ke antima svara ke pazcAt aura antima vyaJjana ke pUrva lagatA hai| piS (saMcUrNane) = pIsanA-parasmaipada piS = (pa-i-S)+na = (pa-i-naS = pinaS+ti=pinaSTi / isa prakAra rUpa banate haiN| dvivacana bahuvacana ke pratyayoM se pUrva nakAra ke akAra kA lopa hotA hai| jaisA :pinaS+taH = pinS-taH = piMSTaH / SakAra ke pAsa Aye hue takAra kA TakAra banatA hai| aura nakAra kA anusvAra bana jAtA hai| vartamAna kAla pinaSTi piMSTaH pinakSi piMSThaH piMSThaH pinaSmi piMSvaH piMSmaH piMpanti bhUtakAla apinaTa apiMSTAm apiMpan apinaTa apiSTam apiSTa apiMSam apiMSva apiSma bhvissy-pekssyti| pekssysi| pekssyaami| yuj (yoge) = ubhayapada-yoga krnaa| parasmaipada vartamAna-yunakti, yuGktaH, yunyjnti| yunakSi, yukthaH, yutha, yunajmi, yujvaH, yujmaH / bhUta-ayunak, ayuGktAm, ayujn| ayunak, ayuGktam, ayungkt| ayujanam, ayujva, ayujm| bhvissy-yokssyti| 211

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212 Atmanepada vartamAna- yuGkte, yuJjAte / yuGkSe, yuJjAthe, yuGagdhve / yuje, yuJjcahe, yuJjmahe / bhUta - ayuGkta, ayuJjAtAm, ayuJjata / ayuGkthAH ayuJjAthAm, ayuGgdhvam / ayuJji, ayuJcahi, ayumahi / ( Atmanepada ke vartamAna bhUta ke saba pratyayoM ke pUrva nakAra ke akAra kA lopa hotA hai / ) bhaviSya-yokSyate / rudhU (AvaraNe) = ubhayapada AvaraNa karanA / parasmaipada vartamAna- ruNaddhi, runddha, rundhanti / ruNatsi, runddhaH, runddha / ruNadhmi, rundhvaH, rundhamaH / bhUta- aruNat, arunddhaH, arundhan / aruNat-aruNaH, arunddham, arunddha / arundham, arundhva, arundhma / bhaviSya-rotsyati / Atmanepada vartamAna- runddhe, rundhAte, rundhate / runse, rundhAthe, rundhve / rundhe, rundhvahe, rundhmahe / bhUta- arunddha, arundhAtAm, arundht| arundhAH, arundhAthAm, arundhvam / arundhi, arundhvahi, arundhmahi / bhaviSya-rotsyate / indhU (dIptI) - Atmanepada vartamAna- inddhe, indhAte, indhate / intse, indhAye, indadhve / indhe, indhvahe, indhmahe / bhUta - ainddha, aindhAtAm, aindhata / ainddhAH, aindhAthAm, ainddhvam / aindhi, aindhvahi, aindhmahi / bhaviSya - indhiSyate / dhAtu 1. bhid (vidAraNe ) ( parasmaipada) - bhedanA, bharanA / bhivanti / abhinat / bheTasyati, ( Atmanepada) bhinte, abhinta, bhevsyate / 2. bhuj (pAlane) = ( pAlana karanA, khAnA) parasmaipada - bhunakti / abhunak / bhokSyati / (Atmanepada) bhunakti / abhunak / bhokSyati / (Atmanepada) bhuGkte / abhuGakta / bhokSyate /

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3. hiMs (hiMsAyAm ) 4. chidra (dvaidhIbhAve) tanoti tanoSi tanomi = vAkya sa tava mArgaM ruNaddhi / sa parazunA kASTham abhinat / mahIpAlaH bhogAn bhunakti / tvaM kASThaM chinatsi kRSIvalo valIvardaM na hinasti / sa mano yunakti / atanot atanoH atanavam = pATha 58 aSTama gaNa ke dhAtu aSTama gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke lie 'u' cihna lagatA hai 1 tan ( vistAre) = phailAnA - ubhayapada parasmaipada bhaviSya - taniSyati / ( hiMsA karanA) parasmaipada - hinasti, hiMstaH, hiMsanti / ahinat / hiMsiSyati / (kATanA) parasmaipada-chinatti / acchinat / chetsyati / (Atmanepada) chinte, acchinta / chetsyate / vartamAna kAla tanutaH tanuthaH tanuvaH tanvaH bhUtakAla atanutAm atanutam atanuva atanva tanvanti tanutha tanumaH tanbhaH atanvan atanuta atanuma atanma Atmanepada vartamAna- tanute tanvAte, tanvate / tanuSe tanvAthe, tanudhve / tanve, tanuvahe, tanvahe, tanumahe, tanmahe / 213

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bhUta-atanuta, atanvAtAm, atnvt| atanuthAH, atanvAthAm, atanudhvam / atanvi, atanuvahi-atanvahi, atanumahi, atanmahi / bhvissy-tnissyte| kR (karaNe) = karanA parasmaipada vartamAna-karoti, kurutaH, kurvnti| karoSi, kuruthaH, kuruth| karomi, kurvaH, kurmH| bhUta-akarot, akurutAm, akurvan / akaroH, akurutam, akurut| akaravam, akurva, akurm| bhvissy-krissyti| Atmanepada vartamAna-kurute, kurvati, kurvte| kuruSe, kurvAthe, kurudhye| kurve, kurvahe, kurmhe| bhUta-akuruta, akurvAtAm, akurvtH| akuruthAH, akurvAthAm, akurudhvm| akurvi, akurvahi, akurmhi| bhvissy-krissyte| dhAtu 1. man (avabodhane) = mAnanA-(Atmanepada) mnute| amnut| mnissyte| 2. van (yAcane) = mAMganA-(Atmanepada) vnute| avunt| vnissyte| 3. ghRNa (dIptau) = prakAzanA-(parasmaipada) ghRnnoti| aghRNot / ghRnnissyti| vAkya tvaM kiM karoSi ? sa tatra gamanaM nAkarot jJAnI jJAnaM tnute| sana manute kim ? asaMzayaM sa tatkarma krissyti| sa idAnIM vivAdaM na krissyti| Agaccha bhojanaM kurvh|| tvaM kadA snAnaM krissysi| te idAnIM adhyayanaM kurvnti| tU kyA karatA hai ? usane vahAM gamana nahIM kiyaa| jJAnI jJAna phailAtA hai| kyA vaha nahIM mAnatA ? niHsandeha vaha karma kregaa| vaha saba vivAda nahIM kregaa| Ao (hama donoM) bhojana kreNge| tU kaba snAna kregaa| sa vijJAnaM tnute| sa na mnute|

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yUyaM kiM kuruth| vayaM havanaM kurmH| sa na bhikSAM vnute| sa tava AjJAM na mnissyte| pATha 59 navama gaNa ke dhAtu navama gaNa ke dhAtuoM ke lie 'nA' cihna lagatA hai| krI (dravyavinimaye) = qharIdanA-ubhayapada prsmaipd| vartamAna kAla krINAti krINItaH krINanti krINAsi krINIthaH krINItha krINAmi krINIvaH krINImaH akrINan akrINIta akrINIma bhUtakAla akrINAt akrINItAm akrINAH akrINItam akrINAm akrINIva bhvissy-krssyti| kreSyasi / Rssyaami| aatmnepd| vartamAna kAla krINAte krINISe krINAthe krINe krINIvahe krINIte krINate krINIdhve krINImahe bhUtakAla akrINIta akrINAtAm akrINIthAH akrINIthAm akrINi akrINIvahi bhvissy-krssyte| Rssyse| krepye| akrINata akrINIdhvam akrINImahi

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dhAtu 1. pU (pavane) = zuddha karanA-(parasmaipada) punaati| apunaat| pvissyti| (Atmanepada) punIte, apunIta, pvissyte| 2. bandh (bandhane) = bAMdhanA-(parasmaipada) bdhnaati| abdhnaat| bhntsyti| 3. jJA (avabodhane) = jAnanA-(parasmaipada) jaanaati| ajAnAt, jnyaasyti| (Atmanepada) jaaniite|| ajaaniit| jnyaasyte| 4. az (bhojane) = khAnA-(parasmaipada) ashnaati| ashnaat| ashissyti| 5. graha (upAdAne) = grahaNa karanA-parasmaipada / gRhlaati| agRhlAt / grhiissyti| __(Atmanepada) gRhliite| agRliit| gRhiissyte| 6. prI (tarpaNe) = tRpta honA-(parasmaipada) priinnaati| apriinniit| pressyti| __(Atmanepada) prINIte, apriinniit| pressyte| 7. lU (chedane) = kATanA-(parasmaipada) lunAti / alunaat| lvissyti| (Atmanepada) luniite| aluniit| lvissyte| 8. vR (varaNe) = pasanda karanA-(parasmaipada) vRnnaati| avRnniit| varISyati, vrissyti| (Atmanepada) vRnniite| avRNIta / variSyate, vriissyte| 9. many (viloDane) = manthana karanA-(parasmaipada) mnaati| amthnt|i mnthissyti| vAkya 1. sa vRkSaM lunaati| 2. yat tvaM dadAsi tadahaM gRhnnaami| 3. sa na ajaanaat| 4. vAyuH punAti savitA punaati|| 5. sa jalaM stbhnaati| 6. tau pAtraM kriinniitH| 7. tvaM kimaznAsi ? 8. sa dadhi mdhnaati| 9. tau kiM krINItaH ? vaha vRkSa kATatA hai| jo tU detA hai vaha maiM letA huuN| usane nahIM jaanaa| havA svaccha karatI hai, sUrya zuddha karatA hai| vaha jala kA nirodha karatA hai| ve donoM baratana kharIdate haiN| tU kyA bhojana karatA hai| vaha dahI manthana karatA hai| ve do kyA kharIdate haiN|

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