Jain Sanskar Evam Vidhi Vidhan

Author(s): Mokshratnashreejiji
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001671/1

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vardhamAna sUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita jaina saMskAra evaM vidhi-vidhAna (eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana) preraka sAdhvI harSayazA zrI jI lekhikA sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI prakAzaka-prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura sampAdaka evaM mArgadarzaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina

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pratyakSa prabhAvI dAdA gurUdeva dAdA zrI jinadattasUrijI dAdA zrI jinakuzalasUrijI sAdara samarpaNa pa.pU. samatAmUrti prava.. pApU, prava. zrI tilakazrIjI ma.sA. zrIvicakSaNazrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU. mahattarA zrI vinItAzrIjI ma.sA. mokSapathAnugAminI, AtmadRSTA, samatAmUrti, samanvayasAdhikA parama pUjyA pravartinI mahodayA sva. zrI vicakSaNa zrI jI ma.sA., Agama razmi parama pUjyA pravartinI mahodayA sva. zrI tilaka zrI jI ma.sA. evaM parama pUjyA mahattarA zrI vinItA zrIjI ma. sA. Apake ananta upakAroM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karate hue AcAradinakara kI anuvAdita yaha kRti Apake pAvana pAda prasUnoM meM samarpita karate hue atyaMta Atmika ullAsa kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| ApakI divyakRpA jinavANI kI sevA evaM zAsana prabhAvanA hetu sambala pradAna kareM - yahI abhilASA hai / - sAdhvI mokSaratnA .

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prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA - 13 vardhamAnasUrikRta 'AcAradinakara' meM pratipAdita jaina saMskAra evaM vidhi-vidhAna (eka tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana) sampreraka sAdhvI harSayazAzrIjI lekhikA sAdhvI mokSaratnAzrIjI sampAdaka/mArgadarzaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka prAcya vidyApITha zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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grantha nAma vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita jaina saMskAra evaM vidhi vidhAna (eka tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana) jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna dvArA pI-eca.DI hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha lekhikA pUjyA samatAmUrti zrI vicakSaNazrIjI ma.sA. kI praziSyA evaM sAdhvIvaryA harSayazAzrIjI kI ziSyA sAdhvI mokSaratnAzrIjI sampAdaka/mArgadarzaka- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka ___- prAcya vidyApITha, dupAr3A ror3a, zAjApura (ma.pra.) prAptisthala - (1) DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, prAcya vidyApITha, dupAr3A ror3a, zAjApura (ma.pra.) (2) zrImAla sabhA, motIDUMgarI roDa, jayapura-302004 prakAzana varSa - prathama saMskaraNa, julAI 2007 mudraka AkRti AphaseTa, 5, naIpeTha, ujjaina (ma.pra.) phona : 0734-2561720 mobA. 98276-77780, 98272-42486 mUlya - 250/

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zrI pArzvanAtha paramAtmA " zrI pArzvamaNi jaina tIrtha" peddatumbalama, AdonI

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// samyagjJAnapradA bhUyAt bhavyAnAm bhktishaalinii|| For Private & Personal Use only

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prakAzana sahayogI pa.pU.zrI maNiprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. kI preraNA se pUjyA pravattinI zrI candraprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. ke cAturmAsa ke upalakSya meM kharataragaccha zrI saMgha kolakAtA zrImatI memabAI sA. vimalacandajI surAnA, jayapura sva. pitAzrI TekacandajI evaM mAtAzrI TImAdevI chAjer3a kI puNya smRti meM chaganalAlajI hAlA vAle (hAla mukAma ahamadAbAda) parivAra kI tarapha se

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bhUmikA saMskAra zabda kA arthaH = saMskAra zabda kI vyutpatti saMskRta kI 'kRJ' dhAtu meM 'sam' upasarga evaM 'ghaJ' pratyaya ke yoga se huI hai, arthAta sam + kR+ghaJ saMskAra | isa zabda kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| mImAMsaka yajJAMgabhUta puroDAza, Adi kI vidhivat zuddhi se isakA Azaya samajhate haiN| advaita vedAntI zArIrika kriyAoM ke jIva para mithyA AropaNa ko saMskAra mAnate haiN| naiyAyika - bhAvoM ko vyakta karane kI Atma - vyaJjaka - zakti ko saMskAra kahate haiM, jisakA parigaNana vaizeSika darzana meM caubIsa guNoM ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM saMskAra avidyAjanya caitasika avasthAe~ haiN| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI saMskRta - sAhitya meM isa zabda kA prayoga zikSA, saMskRti, prazikSaNa, saujanya, pUrNatA, vyAkaraNa sambandhI zuddhi, dhArmika kRtya, saMskaraNa yA pariSkaraNa kI kriyA, prabhAvazIlatA, pratyAsmaraNa kA kAraNa, smaraNazakti para par3ane vAlA prabhAva, abhimaMtraNa, Adi aneka arthoM meM huA hai| saMskAra zabda kA sabase upayukta aMgrejI paryAyavAcI zabda " sekrAmenTa" hai, jisakA artha hai- ve dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna yA kriyAe~, jo Antarika tathA Atmika-vizuddhi kI pratIka mAnI jAtI haiN| kisI vacana kI prAmANikatA kI puSTi, rahasyapUrNa mahatva kI kriyA, pavitra prabhAva tathA dhArmika pratIka bhI " sekrAmenTa" zabda ke artha haiN| sAmAnyataH, saMskAra vaha hai, jisake hone se koI padArtha yA vyakti kisI kArya ke lie yogya ho jAtA hai; arthAt saMskAra ve kriyAe~ evaM vidhiyA~ haiM, jo vyakti ko kisI kArya ko karane kI AdhikArika - yogyatA pradAna karatI hai| zucitA kA sanniveza, mana kA pariSkAra, dharmArtha- sadAcaraNa, zuddhi - sannidhAna, Adi aisI yogyatAe~ haiM, jo zAstravihita kriyAoM ke karane se prApta hotI haiN| saMskAra zabda

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varthamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana una aneka dhArmika kriyA-kalApoM ko bhI vyApta kara letA hai, jo zuddhi, prAyazcitta, vrata, Adi ke antargata Ate haiN| __ isa prakAra saMskAra zabda ke sAtha aneka arthoM kA yoga ho gayA hai| vyakti ke jIvana kI sampUrNa zubha aura azubha pravRtiyA~ usake saMskAroM ke adhIna haiM, jinameM se kucha ko vaha pUrvabhava se apane sAtha lAtA hai aura kucha ko isI bhava meM saMgati evaM zikSA, Adi ke prabhAva se arjita karatA hai| isa prakAra saMskAra zabda kA abhiprAya zuddhi kI dhArmika-kriyAoM se tathA vyakti ke daihika, mAnasika evaM bauddhika pariSkAra ke lie kie jAne vAle anuSThAnoM se hai, jinase vaha sabhya samAja kA sadasya ho ske| sAdhAraNataH, yaha samajhA jAtA thA ki savidhi kie gae saMskAroM ke anuSThAna se susaMskRta vyakti meM vilakSaNa tathA avarNanIya guNoM kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke purANoM meM saMskAra ke lie 'kriyA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki saMskAra zabda sAmAnyatayA dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna yA kriyA kA sUcaka rahA hai| saMskAra kI jIvana meM upAdeyatA evaM mahatva saMskAroM kI jIvana meM upAdeyatA evaM mahatva kI carcA karane se pUrva hameM yaha jAnanA hogA ki prAcIna samaya meM saMskAroM kA kyA prayojana thA? jaba hama prAcIna itihAsa ke garbha meM jhAMkate haiM, to ve paristhitiyA~, jinameM ina saMskAroM kA prAdurbhAva huA thA, Aja atIta ke garbha meM vilIna ho cukI haiM aura unake cAroM ora loka-pracalita aMdhavizvAsoM kA jAla-sA bicha gayA hai, ataH una sudUra atIta kI samasyAoM para dRSTipAta karane ke lie tAtkAlika-tathyoM kA gaMbhIra jJAna apekSita hai| saMsAra ke anya dezoM kI bhA~ti hinduoM kA bhI vizvAsa thA ki ve cAroM ora se aise daivika-prabhAvoM se ghire hue haiM, jo burA aura bhalA karane kI zakti rakhate haiN| unakI dhAraNA thI ki ukta prabhAva jIvana ke kisI mahatvapUrNa avasara para vyakti ko prabhAvita kara sakate haiM; ataH ve amaMgalajanaka prabhAvoM ke nirAkaraNa tathA hitakara prabhAvoM kI prApti ke lie prayatna kiyA karate the, jisase manuSya binA vighna-bAdhA ke apanA vikAsa kara sake aura divya-zaktiyoM kI sahAyatA prApta kara ske| yahI prayatna saMskAra kahe jAte haiN| mAnava-janma se asaMskRta hotA hai, kintu saMskAroM se saMskRta hokara usake vyaktitva ke bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika-pakSa nikhara uThate haiM, sAtha hI usakA

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI sAmAjika evaM dhArmika-jIvana bhI unnata hotA hai| saMskAroM se saMskArita hone para vyakti kisI kArya yA sAdhanA ke yogya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra saMskAra ve kriyAe~ evaM vidhiyA~ haiM, jo vyakti ko kisI kArya ko karane kI yogyatA yA adhikAra pradAna karatI haiN| __ saMskAroM ko sampanna kie binA mAnava-jIvana apavitra, apUrNa aura avyavasthita mAnA jAtA hai| apratyakSa rUpa se sambhAvita bAdhAoM ko dUra karanA tathA Age ke lie jIvana ko nirvighna banAnA saMskAroM kA prayojana hai aura isI kAraNa vartamAna pariprekSya meM bhI inakA mahatva haiN| saMkSepa meM, vyakti ko jIvana jIne ke yogya guNADhya, pariSkRta aura vyavasthita svarUpa pradAna karane meM saMskAroM kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA huA hai| laukika-samRddhi tathA vAMchita lakSya kI prApti ke lie bhI saMskAroM ko sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vyakti sAmAjika-pratimAnoM, mUlyoM, AdarzoM, Adi kA jJAna prApta karatA hai, jisase naitika-utthAna hotA hai aura vaha jAgarUka hokara dAyitvoM ke lie prerita hotA hai| vaha saccaritra banakara sAmAjika-dAyitvoM kA nirvAha karatA hai tathA dhArmika-dRSTi se unake nirvighna sampanna hone ke lie iSTa devoM kA pUjana, stuti, prArthanA, Adi karatA hai| saMskAra vyakti ko apUrNatA se pUrNatA kI ora le jAte haiM aura use eka viziSTa yogyatA pradAna karate haiN| saMkSepa meM, saMskAra hamAre vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana kI kriyAoM ko dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika-svarUpa pradAna karate haiN| __saMskAroM kA jIvana meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai, jise hama nimna binduoM ke mAdhyama se samajha sakate haiM : 1. azubha prabhAvoM kA pratikAra : devI aura devatAoM ke azubha prabhAvoM kA nirAkaraNa karane hetu saMskAra Avazyaka haiN| inase vyakti kA bhaya samApta hotA hai aura sAhasa AtA hai| 2. abhISTa prabhAvoM kA AkarSaNa : jisa prakAra inake mAdhyama se azubha prabhAvoM kA pratikAra kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra inake dvArA vyakti ke hita ke lie abhISTa prabhAvoM ko AkRSTa bhI kiyA jAtA hai| 3. saMskAroM kA bhautika prayojana : saMsAra kI bhautika sAmagriyoM kI prApti hetu bhI saMskAra kie jAte haiN|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 4. saMskAra AtmAbhivyakti ke mAdhyama : saMskAra ko AtmAbhivyakti kA mAdhyama bhI mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki gRhastha ke jIvana meM vibhinna ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI haiM, jo harSa evaM pramAda kA kAraNa banatI haiN| una ghaTanAoM se sambandhita saMskAroM ko karane se vyakti ko AtmAbhivyakti kA avasara milatA hai, isalie bhI saMskAroM kI upAdeyatA hai| 5. sAMskRtika-prayojana : saMskRti ko jIvanta rakhane ke lie bhI ina saMskAroM kI AvazyakatA hai, jaise- prAcInakAla meM yaha mAnyatA thI ki utpanna hote samaya pratyeka vyakti zUdra hotA hai, kintu saMskAroM se hI vaha brAhmaNa ho jAtA hai, ataH vyakti ke vikAsa ke lie usako saMskArita kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| 6. vyaktitva kA nirmANa evaM vikAsa : saMskAra vyakti ko susaMskRta banAte hai| vyaktitva kA nirmANa evaM vikAsa saMskAroM dvArA hotA hai, ataH saMskAroM kA udbhava hamAre vyaktitva ke nirmANa evaM vikAsa ke lie hI huA haiaisA mAnanA anucita nahIM hogaa| aMgirARSi ke zabdoM meM "jisa prakAra citrakarma meM saphalatA prApta karane ke lie vividha raMga apekSita hote haiM, usI prakAra brAhmaNatva yA caritra-nirmANa ke lie vibhinna saMskAra apekSita hote haiN|" 7. AdhyAtmika-mahatvaH saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se kriyAzIla sAMsArika-jIvana kA samanvaya AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA ke sAtha kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI krama meM svarga evaM mokSa kI prApti tathA pada evaM adhikAroM kI prApti bhI saMskAroM se hI sambhava hotI hai| 8. saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se hI samAja meM vyakti kA sthAna kyA hai, usake dAyitva evaM adhikAra kyA haiM? isakI sArvajanika ghoSaNA hotI hai, ataH sAmAjika-vyavasthA meM saMskAroM kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| saMskAroM kI saMkhyA - saMskAroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM mataikya nahI hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke grantha "AcAradinakara" meM saMskAroM kI carcA karate hue unakI saMkhyA 40 batAI gaI hai, jinameM se 16 saMskAra gRhasthoM ke, 16 saMskAra yatiyoM ke evaM 8 sAmAnya saMskAra haiN| isa prakAra isa grantha meM 40 saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA adhika batAI gaI hai| digambara-paramparA ke "AdipurANa" nAmaka grantha meM ina vividha saMskAroM kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| AdipurANa meM saMskAroM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara inake

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI prakAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usake anusAra garbhAnvaya-kriyAe~-53, dIkSAnvaya-kriyAe~-48, kanvaya-kriyAe~-7 haiN| isa prakAra usameM kula milAkara 108 saMskAroM kI carcA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM saMskAroM ke sambandha meM bahuta bhinnatA hai| koI ina saMskAroM kI saMkhyA 40 (cAlIsa) batAtA hai, to koI 18 (atthaarh)| vaidika-paramparA meM ina saMskAroM kI carcA gRhyasUtra, dharmasUtra, smRtiyoM aura purANoM, Adi meM milatI hai, kintu saMkhyA ko lekara kahIM koI mataikya nahIM hai| gRhyasUtroM meM vivAha se lekara samAvartana taka ke saMskAroM kA ullekha hai| usameM AzvalAyana-gRhyasUtra meM 11 saMskAroM kA ullekha hai, pAraskara gRhyasUtra meM 13, bodhAyana aura vArAha-gRhyasUtroM meM bhI teraha-teraha saMskAroM kA ullekha hai| dharmasUtroM meM, gautamadharmasUtra meM cAlIsa saMskAroM kA ullekha hai| smRtiyoM meM, manusmRti meM 13, yAjJavalkyasmRti meM 12 aura gautamasmRti meM 40 saMskAroM kA ullekha hai, kintu paravartI-sAhitya meM solaha saMskAroM kA ullekha hI vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai| dayAnanda sarasvatI kI kRti 'saMskAravidhi' evaM paM. bhImasena zarmA kI SoDazasaMskAra-vidhi meM kevala solaha saMskAroM kA hI ullekha hai| saMskAra se sambandhita jaina-sAhitya : ___ saMskAra kA pracalana AdikAla se hI rahA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiM, kyoMki kalpasUtra meM AdinAtha bhagavAn ke caritra meM vivAha-saMskAra, pravrajyA, Adi kucha saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, para inakI vidhi kA usameM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| saMskAroM se sambandhita pUrvavartI sAhitya vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| 15 vIM zatAbdI meM vardhamAnasUrikRta "AcAradinakara" nAmaka grantha meM sarvaprathama sampUrNataH 40 saMskAroM kI carcA kI gaIM isase pUrva haribhadrasUrikRta "paMcAzaka-prakaraNa" evaM pAdaliptAcAryakRta "nirvANakalikA" meM bhI saMskAroM kI carcA milatI hai, lekina unameM prAyaH yati ke saMskAroM kA hI ullekha hai, gRhastha ke saMskAroM kI prAyaH usameM koI carcA nahIM milatI hai| isI prakAra madhyakAla ke saMskAroM se sambandhita jinaprabhasUrikRta "vidhimArgaprapA", tilakAcArya viracita "sAmAcArI", zrImad zrIcandrAcArya saMkalita "subodhA-sAmAcArI" Adi grantha prApta hote haiN| inameM bhI prAyaH yatiyoM ke saMskAra evaM sAmAnya saMskAroM kA hI varNana milatA hai; gRhastha ke mAtra vratAropaNa-saMskAroM kI carcA ina granthoM meM milatI hai, zeSa saMskAroM kI koI carcA nahIM hai| . aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara-paramparA kI apekSA digambara-paramparA .. meM saMskAra se sambandhita sAhitya kI racanA pahale huI hogii| sarvaprathama saMskAroM se

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sambandhita sAhitya jinasenAcAryakRta "AdipurANa" hai, jisameM unhoMne saMskAroM kI carcA kI hai| isI prakAra "harivaMzapurANa" Adi meM bhI saMskAra sambandhI ullekha milate haiN| phira bhI ina granthoM meM saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kA vistRta ullekha nahIM hai| vizeSa rUpa se gRhastha-jIvana se sambandhita aura hindU-paramparA meM svIkRta solaha saMskAroM kA jaina-paramparA meM apane vidhi-vidhAna sahita vistRta ullekha to AcAradinakara meM hI milatA hai| yadyapi unake vivecana se aisA to lagatA hai ki unake samakSa pUrvAcAryoM kI kRtiyA~ to rahI hoMgI, phira bhI ve kaunasI thIM? yaha hameM jJAta nahIM hai| vartamAna meM to hamAre samakSa AcAradinakara hI ekamAtra aisI kRti zvetAmbara-paramparA ke saMskAra sambandhI sAhitya meM vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara kA sthAna : isa prakAra zvetAmbara-paramparA ke saMskAra sambandhI sAhitya meM vardhamAnasUrikRta "AcAradinakara" kA sthAna atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha eka aisA grantha hai, jisameM paramparA se cale A rahe saMskAroM ke vidhi-vidhAna kA spaSTa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMskAroM kA udbhava prAcInakAla meM hI huA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiM, kyoMki kalpasUtra meM AdinAtha ke caritra meM inameM se kucha saMskAroM ke mAtra nAmollekha milate haiM, phira bhI unakI spaSTa vidhi kA vivecana AgamasAhitya meM nahIM milatA hai| nivRttipradhAna dRSTi ke kAraNa jaina-paramparA meM saMskAroM se sambandhita sAhitya kA samyak vikAsa nahIM ho paayaa| hamArI dRSTi meM jainadharma kA nivRttimArgI honA hI usameM saMskAra sambandhI svataMtra granthoM kI racanA meM bAdhaka thA, phira bhI haribhadrasUri aura AcArya pAdaliptasUri ne pUjA-pratiSThA, Adi saMskAroM se sambandhita granthoM kI racanA kii| "paMcAzakaprakaraNa", "nirvANakalikA" Adi meM kucha saMskAroM kA vivecana huA hai, kintu AcAradinakara meM jisa prakAra gRhastha ke, yati ke evaM sAmAnya saMskAroM kI vistRta carcA huI hai, utanA spaSTa vivecana zAyada Aja taka kisI bhI zvetAmbara-jainAcArya ne nahIM kiyA hai| "AcAradinakara" nAmaka grantha meM garbha meM Ane se lekara jIvana ke anta taka ke sabhI saMskAroM kA bahuta hI sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina saMskAroM ko kaba, kisa samaya evaM kisa prakAra kiyA jAnA cAhie, saMskAra-vidhi karate samaya kyA-kyA kiyA jAnA cAhie? isakA bhI isameM spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jise sAmAnya vyakti bhI saralatA se hRdayaMgama kara sakatA hai| saMskAroM ke vivecana to anya granthoM meM bhI milate haiM, para una saMskAroM meM kaunase saMskAra kisake dvArA karavAnA cAhie? isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA .

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10 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne isakA bhI spaSTa vivecana kiyA hai ki kaunasA saMskAra gRhasthaguru (vidhikAraka) yA jaina-brAhmaNa dvArA hogA aura kaunasA saMskAra yati yA muni dvArA hogaa| sAtha hI unakI yogyatAoM ke bAre meM bhI batAyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM unhoMne AgamoM ke saMdarbha bhI prastuta kie haiN| isa prakAra vardhamAnasarikata "AcAradinakara" kA saMskAra-sAhitya meM anupama sthAna hai| isa viSaya meM isake samakakSa aisA dUsarA koI grantha nahIM hai- yaha kahanA bhI koI atizayokti nahIM hogaa| 12500 zloka-parimANa, 2 khaNDoM meM vibhAjita yaha grantha apane-Apa meM advitIya hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki hamane ise apane zodhakArya kA viSaya banAyA hai| AcAradinakara kA sAmAnya paricaya - zvetAmbara jaina-paramparA meM vardhamAnasUrikRta "AcAradinakara" mukhyataH saMskArapradhAna kRti hai| isa kRti meM lekhaka ne vyakti ke garbha meM Ane se lekara mRtyuparyanta ke saMskAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| prastuta kRti meM gRhasthajIvana evaM sAdhujIvana ke 16-16 saMskAroM evaM gRhastha aura muni ke sAmAnya ATha saMskAroM kA- isa prakAra kula cAlIsa saMskAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yaha sampUrNa kRti do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama khaNDa meM gRhastha evaM muni-jIvana ke 16-16 saMskAroM kI carcA hai evaM dUsare khaNDa meM gRhastha tathA muni ke sAmAnya ATha saMskAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| vardhamAnasUri kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - "AcAradinakara" ke racanAkAra vardhamAnasUri haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vardhamAnasUri nAma ke aneka AcArya hue haiM, ataH saMzaya honA svAbhAvika hai ki isa kRti ke racanAkAra vardhamAnasari kauna haiM? parantu racanAkAra vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara kI antima prazasti meM spaSTa rUpa se isa samasyA kA samAdhAna prastuta kara diyA hai| grantha-prazasti ke anusAra AcAradinakara ke racanAkAra vardhamAnasUri ne svayaM ko rudrapallI gaccha ke abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) kA ziSya evaM jayAnaMdasUri kA laghu gurubhrAtA batAyA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke vyaktitva kA vAstavika paricaya to unakI kRti AcAradinakara ke adhyayana se hI ho jAtA hai| saMskAroM ko isa prakAra nirUpita vahI vyakti kara sakatA hai, jo inake mahatva evaM gUr3hatA ko samajhatA ho| jaba hama unakI racanA, unakI guru-paramparA aura unake dharmaparivAra ke AdhAra para unake vyaktitva kA AMkalana karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki ve eka prabhAvaka jainAcArya the|

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vardhamAnasUrikta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAnasUri saMskRta evaM prAkRta-bhASA tathA unake sAhitya ke viziSTa jAnakAra the| unhoMne apanI isa kRti meM jagaha-jagaha aneka AgamoM ke saMdarbha bhI prastuta kie haiM, jo unake AgamajJAna ko prakaTa karate haiN| lagabhaga 12500 granthAna vAlI saMskRta evaM prAkRta-bhASA se nibaddha yaha kRti unake gaMbhIra adhyayana kA hI pariNAma hai| vardhamAnasUri kA sampUrNa sattAkAla kitanA thA, isakA nirNaya karanA to kaThina hai, kyoMki isa sambandha meM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| isakA anumAna mAtra unakI isI kRti ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha kRti vikrama saMvat 1468 meM pUrNa huI isa AdhAra para unakA sattAkAla vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI inake gRhastha evaM saMyamI-jIvana ke sandarbha meM hameM vizeSa koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| prastuta kRti ke kartA vardhamAnasUrijI ke kRtitva ke sambandha meM hameM jinaratnakoza evaM jainasAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa se kucha sUcanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| jinaratnakoza evaM jainasAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, bhAga-5 ke anusAra "svapnapradoSa" apara nAma "svapnavicAra" nAmaka kRti bhI rudrapallIgaccha ke vardhamAnasUri kI hai| isake atirikta jinaratna koza meM "kathAkoza" (zakunaratnAvalI) evaM "pratiSThAvidhi" ke kartA bhI vardhamAnasUri ko batAyA hai| saMbhavataH, yaha bhI inhIM vardhamAnasUri kI kRti ho sakatI hai| sambhava hai ki AcAradinakara meM varNita "pratiSThAvidhi" prakaraNa ko hI eka svataMtra kRti ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA ho| prastuta zodhaprabandha sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| ina adhyAyoM meM varNita viSayoM kA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai prathama adhyAya meM vibhinna paramparAoM meM 'saMskAra' ko kisa rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai, isakA ullekha karate hue saMskAra zabda ke artha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara AcAradinakara meM varNita saMskAroM kA kyA prayojana hai, unakA kyA mahatva hai, isakA ullekha karate hue saMskAroM kI saMkhyA kA anya paramparAoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhyAya meM saMskAroM se sambandhita sAhitya kA prastutikaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karake mukhyataH una granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo AcAradinakara meM varNita viSayoM se

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12 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI sambandhita hai, arthAt jinameM hameM ina 40 saMskAroM se sambandhita viSaya - sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai| isa adhyAya meM sarvaprathama saMskAroM se sambandhita hindU paramparA ke sAhitya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura tadanantara digambara evaM zvetAmbara - paramparA ke sAhitya kA ullekha huA hai| tIsare adhyAya meM vardhamAnasUri ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA prastuta zodhaprabandha ke AdhArabhUta grantha " AcAradinakara" kI viSayavastu ko prastuta karake usakI anya paramparAoM se tulanA karate hue usakA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| cauthe adhyAya meM AcAradinakara meM varNita gRhasthajIvana ke SoDaza saMskAroM yathA 1. garbhAdhAna - saMskAra 2 puMsavana saMskAra 3. janma- saMskAra 4. sUrya - candradarzana - saMskAra 5. kSIrAzana- saMskAra 6. SaSThI - saMskAra 7. zucikarma - saMskAra 8. nAmakaraNa saMskAra 6. annaprAzana- saMskAra 10. karNavedha saMskAra 11. cUr3AkaraNa - saMskAra 12. upanayana saMskAra 13. vidyArambha - saMskAra 14. vivAha saMskAra 15 vratAropaNa-saMskAra 16. antya - saMskAra kI vidhiyoM kA ullekha karate hue anya paramparAoM ke sAtha unakI tulanA evaM samIkSA karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| pA~caveM adhyAya meM AcAradinakara meM varNita muni-jIvana ke SoDaza saMskAroM yathA 1. 2. 6. brahmacaryavratagrahaNa-vidhi kSullaka - vidhi 4. upasthApanA-vidhi 5. yogodvahana-vidhi 7. vAcanAnujJA-vidhi 8. upAdhyAya - padasthApanA - vidhi 6. 10. bhikSuoM kI bAraha pratimAoM kI udvahana - vidhi 11. 12. prarvartinIpadasthApanA - vidhi 13. mahattarA - padasthApanA - vidhi 14. ahorAtra vidhi 15. RtucaryA - vidhi evaM 16. aMtima saMlekhanA kI vidhi ko saMkSepa meM uddhRta kara una vidhiyoM kI anya paramparAoM ke sAtha tulanA karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| pravrajyA - vidhi vAcanAgrahaNa-vidhi AcArya - padasthApanA-vidhi sAdhvI kI dIkSA-vidhi - chaThaveM adhyAya meM AcAradinakara meM gRhastha evaM muni- donoM ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se nirdiSTa 1. pratiSThA - vidhi 2. zAntika-karma 3. pauSTika - karma 4. balividhAna-vidhi 5. prAyazcita - vidhi 6 Avazyaka - vidhi 7. tapa - vidhi evaM 8. 3.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana padAropaNa - vidhi kA ullekha karate hue anya paramparAoM ke sAtha una vidhiyoM kI tulanA kara samIkSA karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| 13 sAtaveM adhyAya meM upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM AcAradinakara meM varNita vividha saMskAroM kI mUlyavattA kA AMkalana karate hue vartamAna samaya meM unakI kyA prAMsagikatA hai - isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra sAta adhyAyoM se yukta isa zodhaprabandha kI prastuti kI velA meM nizcita hI maiM Antarika - AnaMda aura AhlAda kA anubhava kara rahI huuN| isa zodhaprabandha meM tulanAtmaka vivecana hetu yathAsaMbhava jo bhI grantha upalabdha ho sake, unakA avalokana kiyA hai, kintu phira bhI granthoM kI anupalabdhatA ke kAraNa, ho sakatA hai ki bahuta kucha apUrNa rahA ho, usake lie maiM vidvat-varga se kSamAprArthI hU~ aura unake sujhAvoM ke anusAra bhaviSya meM ise punaH parimArjita karane kI merI bhAvanA hai| prastuta zodhakArya : yadyapi jainadharma, darzanasAhitya, itihAsa aura saMskRti ko lekara abhI taka aneka zodhakArya hue, kintu durbhAgya se saMskAra sambandhI zodha upekSA kA hI viSaya rahA hai| saMskAroM ke sambandha meM abhI taka koI bhI zodhakArya nahIM huA hai| hamArI jAnakArI meM AcArya vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM prastuta - saMskAroM se sambandhita vidhi-vidhAnoM para bhI koI zodhakArya nahIM huA hai| DaoN. saumyaguNAzrIjI ne "vidhimArgaprapA" para apanA zodha prabandha likhA hai, kintu jahA~ taka "vidhimArgaprapA " kA prazna hai, vaha yatijIvana ke hI kucha saMskAroM kA ullekha karatI hai, gRhasthajIvana ke solaha saMskAroM kA usameM koI ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki "AcAradinakara" gRhasthajIvana ke solaha saMskAroM para adhika bala pradAna karatA hai aura yahI mAtra eka aisA grantha hai, jo na kevala solaha saMskAroM kA ullekha karatA hai, apitu inake sambandha meM vidhi-vidhAna kI vistRta vivecanA bhI prastuta karatA hai| isa prakAra prastuta zodhakArya jaina- vidyA ke kSetra meM zodha kI dRSTi se eka nae AyAma ko prastuta karatA hai - aisA hamArA vizvAsa hai / prastuta zodhaprabandha meM eka upekSita viSaya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai aura isa prakAra yaha zodhakArya eka maulika zodhakArya kI zreNI meM AtA hai| isa zodhakArya ke nimitta jo mahatvapUrNa kArya huA hai, vaha yaha hai ki isa saMskRta - prAkRta mizrita mUlagrantha kA sampUrNa anuvAda |

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI kRtajJatA-jJApana : sarvaprathama maiM ahiMsA evaM vairAgya-mArga ke upadeSTA parama pAvana tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke caraNoM meM hRdaya kI ananya AsthA ke sAtha vandanA arpita karatI huuN| tadanantara unake jinazAsana ko jIvanta banAe rakhane vAle gautamasvAmI, sudharmA svAmI evaM yugaprabhAvaka cAroM dAdA gurudevoM ke prati sarvatobhAvena natamastaka huuN| merI isa adhyayanayAtrA meM prAtaHsmaraNIya kharataragaccha nabhomaNi gaNanAyaka pa. pU. sukhasAgarajI ma. sA. kA divya AzIrvAda evaM maMgala-kRpA sadaiva rahI hai| zodhagrantha-prastuti kI velA meM unheM maiM asIma AsthA ke sAtha abhivaMdana karatI huuN| isa zodhaprabandha kI nirvighna sampannatA meM kahIM-na-kahIM, chattIsagar3haziromaNi kharataragacchAdhipati pa.pU. sva. jinamahodayasAgarasUrizvarajI ma.sA., AtmasAdhikA, samatAmUrti, jainakokilA pa. pU. pra. mahodayA sva. zrI vicakSaNazrIjI ma. sA. evaM Agamarazmi, gurjarajyoti pa. pU. pra. mahodayA sva. zrI tilakazrIjI ma. sA. kA divyAzISa bhI rahA hai| isa grantha kI pUrNAhuti kI pAvana velA meM unake caraNoM meM bhI sAdara savinaya natamastaka huuN| madhurabhASI paramapUjya zrI pIyUSasAgarajI ma. sA. ke pAvana caraNoM meM merA zraddhAbhisikta vndn| yaha zodhaprabandha unhIM kI preraNA kI phalazruti hai| maiM jaba bhI ApazrI se milI, taba-taba mujhe jJAnArjana hetu ApakI preraNA kA saMbala milaa| hamezA ApazrI kA yahI Agraha rahA ki jIvana meM hamezA jJAnArjana karate rahanA, kabhI bhI isameM pramAda mata krnaa| ApazrI kI prabala preraNA se hI mujhameM utsAha jAgrata huA aura usI ke phalasvarUpa maiMne yaha zodhakArya karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| grantha kI pUrNAhuti ke ina kSaNoM meM vicakSaNamaNDala kI sabhI gurubhaginiyoM ke prati bhI sahRdaya AbhAra pradarzita karatI hU~, jinhoMne pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se mujhe jJAnArjana karane hetu prerita kiyaa| mere isa saMyamI-jIvana kI praNetA parama sammAnanIyA guruvaryA pa. pU. zrI harSayazAzrIjI ma. sA. ke zubhAzIrvAda aura vidvajjanoM kI zubhakAmanAoM kA hI supariNAma mAnatI hU~ ki merA yaha zodhakArya nirvighna rUpa se sampanna huaa| paramazraddheya guruvaryA to mere jIvana meM sarvasva haiM, unheM maiM kyA sAdhuvAda dU~? unake prati maiM kyA kRtajJatA jJApita karUM? mujhameM jo kucha bhI hai, unhIM kI to dena hai, agara ve mujhe adhyayana se jur3e rahane kI nirantara preraNA nahIM detI, to sambhavataH yaha yAtrA adhUrI hI raha jaatii| ve mere lie dIpaka ke samAna haiM, jinhoMne svayaM

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 15 jalakara bhI mujhe hamezA prakAza se sarAbora kiyA hai| maiM unake pAvana pAda-prasUnoM meM apanI zraddhA jJApita karatI huuN| isa zodhakArya ko prArambha se lekara antima par3Ava taka kuzalatApUrvaka pahu~cAne vAle, prajJAmanISI, antarrASTrIya khyAti ke jaina-vidvAn mAnanIya DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ke prati bhI hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| maiM apane-Apa ko bhAgyazAlI mAnatI hU~ ki ApazrI kA pAvana sAnnidhya mujhe milaa| Apane na kevala isa zodhaprabandha kA saphala nirdezana hI kiyA, varan mujhe mUlagrantha ke anuvAda-kArya meM bhI pratisamaya sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| udAra vyaktitva ke dhanI DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ne isa grantha ko sampUrNa karane hetu "prAcyavidyApITha" zAjApura meM jo suvidhAe~ pradAna kI, usake lie bhI maiM unakI AbhArI huuN| isa zodhaprabandha ko mUrtarUpa dene meM unakA amUlya yogadAna rahA hai| niHsandeha, isa zodhagrantha ke nirmANa kA zreya unhIM ko jAtA hai| maiM vinamrabhAva se unake prati kRtajJatA jJApita karatI huuN| vastutaH, DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kI preraNA, prAcyavidyApITha kA vizAla pustakAlaya aura vahA~ kA zAnta vAtAvaraNa isa lakSya kI prApti meM sarvAdhika sahAyaka siddha hue haiN| prANImitra, karmaTha samAjasevI kumArapAla bhAI vI. zAha ke prati bhI apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatI hU~, jinhoMne mujhe jJAnArjana hetu hamezA prerita kiyaa| baDaudA nivAsI zrI narezajI pArakha evaM zrI lakSmIcaMdajI jhAbaka ke agAdha jJAna-prema evaM guru-bhakti ko bhI vismRta nahIM kara sakatI huuN| Apane na kevala jJAnArjana meM artha-sahayoga hI pradAna kiyA, varan isa kArya ke preraNA-srota bhI rhe| isake sAtha hI bar3audA zrIsaMgha kA jo sahayoga rahA, vaha bhI avismaraNIya hai, etadartha maiM unakI bhI hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| isa zodha-sAmagrI ko kampyuTarAijDa karane meM zrI saMjayajI saksenA evaM zrI amitajI paramAra kA evaM prapha-saMzodhana meM zrI caitanyakumArajI sonI, zAjApura kA sahayoga rahA hai, etadartha unake prati bhI kRtajJatA jJApita karatI huuN| inake atirikta pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se isa zodhaprabandha ke praNayana meM jo bhI sahayogI bane haiM, una sabake prati bhI maiM hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatI huuN| - sAdhvI mokSaratnAzrI

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viSaya sUcI adhyAya 1. viSaya praveza : 1. saMskAra kA artha .... 2. saMskAra kA prayojana 3. saMskAra kA mahattva 4. saMskAroM kI saMkhyA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana 2. saMskAro se sambandhita sAhitya : 1. saMskAra sambandhI hindU paramparA kA sAhitya 2. saMskAra sambandhI digambara paramparA kA sAhitya 3. saMskAra sambandhI zvetAmbara paramparA kA sAhitya (a) vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara ke pUrva kA sAhitya (ba) vardhamAnasUrikRta AvAradinakara (sa) vardhamAnasUrikRta se paravartI saMskAroM se sambandhita zvetAmbara sAhitya 3. vardhamAnasUri kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva : 1. vardhamAnasUri kA vyaktitva paricaya 2. vardhamAnasUri kA kRtitva 3. AcAradinakara meM varNita vibhinna saMskAra 4. gRhastha ke solaha saMskAra 5. muni ke solaha saMskAra 6. sAmAnya ATha saMskAra | 7. tulanA evaM samIkSA 4. AcAradinakara meM varNita gRhastha jIvana ke saMskAra : 1. gRhastha jIvana ke solaha saMskAroM kA vivecana aura unakI tulanA evaM samIkSA 5. AcAradinakara meM varNita muni jIvana ke saMskAra : 2. muni jIvana ke solaha saMskAroM kA vivecana aura unakI tulanA evaM samIkSA 218 6. AcAradinakara meM varNita sAmAnya saMskAra : 1. gRhastha aura muni donoM se sambandhita ATha saMskAroM kA pratipAdana aura __unakI tulanA evaM samIkSA 7. upasaMhAra: 1. vividha saMskAroM kI mUlyavattA aura vartamAna samaya meM unakI prAsaMgikatA 386 316

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varSamAnasarikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana adhyAya-1 viSaya-praveza 'saMskAra' zabda kA artha - ___ saMskAra zabda kA artha jAnane se pahale isa zabda kI vyutpatti ke sambandha meM jAnanA Avazyaka hai| saMskAra zabda kI vyutpatti saMskRta kI 'kRJ' dhAtu meM 'sam' upasarga evaM 'ghaJ' pratyaya ke yoga se huI hai, arthAt sm+kR+ghny=sNskaar| saMskAra zabda kA prayoga bhAratIya-itihAsa, dharma aura sAhitya meM aneka arthoM meM huA hai| DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya ke anusAra mImAMsaka yajJAMgabhUta puroDAza Adi kI vidhivata zuddhi se isakA Azaya samajhate haiN| advaita vedAntI AtmA para zArIrika-kriyAoM ke mithyA Aropa ko saMskAra mAnate haiM evaM naiyAyika-bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane kI AtmavyaMjaka-zakti ko saMskAra mAnate haiM, jisakA parigaNana vaizeSika-darzana meM caubIsa guNoM ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-sAhitya meM saMskAra zabda kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai:'saMskAro nAma sa bhavati yasminjAte padArthoM bhavati yogyaH kasyacidarthasya"re arthAt saMskAra vaha hai, jisake hone se koI padArtha yA vyakti kisI kArya ke lie yogya ho jAtA hai| tantravArtika ke anusAra "yogyatAM cAdadhAnAH kriyAH saMskArA ityucyante," arthAta saMskAra vaha kriyA hai, jo yogyatA pradAna karatI hai| ' hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-eka, pR.-18, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. * dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-176, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980. dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-176, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

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18 sAthvI mokSaralA zrI vIramitrodaya ne saMskAra zabda ko paribhASita karate hue kucha isa DhaMga se kahA hai- "saMskAra eka vilakSaNa yogyatA hai, jo zAstravihita kriyAoM ke karane se utpanna hotI hai|" isI prakAra hindUdharmakoza' meM bhI saMskAra kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai- "zarIra evaM vastuoM kI zuddhi ke lie, unake vikAsa ke sAtha samaya-samaya para jo karma kie jAte haiM, unheM saMskAra kahate haiN|" saMskRta evaM hindI sAhitya meM saMskAra kA prayoga mAtra inhIM arthoM meM nahIM huA hai, varan isakA anya arthoM meM bhI prayoga huA hai, yathA : pUrNa karanA, saMskR ta karanA, pAliza karanA, vyAkaraNajanya zuddhi, saMskriyA, prazikSaNa, Asajja karanA, khAnA banAnA, zrRMgAra karanA, abhimantraNa karanA, antazuddhi karanA, vicArabhAva, pratyAsmaraNa-zakti, saMsmaraNa, zuddhi-saMskAra, dhArmikakRtya yA anuSThAna, abhiSeka, viziSTa kriyA, aadi| isa prakAra bhASA-jagat meM saMskAra zabda ke sAtha aneka arthoM kA yoga huA hai, jo isake dIrghakAlika-itihAsa ke krama meM isake sAtha saMyukta hote gae jaina-paramparA meM saMskAra zabda kA tAtparya mAtra bAhya-ADambara, Adi se hI nahIM liyA gayA hai| mAnava janma se asaMskRta hotA hai, kintu saMskAroM kI anupAlanA se usakA bhautika, bauddhika evaM AdhyAtmika-jIvana nikhara uThatA hai aura dhArmika-jIvana unnata hotA hai| zucitA-sanniveza, manovRtti kA pariSkAra, dharmArtha-sadAcaraNa, kriyAzuddhi, deva-sannidhAna evaM vidhi-vidhAna saMskAra ke hI pramukha lakSaNa haiN| pavanakumAra zAstrI ke anusAra- "ve vizeSa kriyAe~ jo manuSya ke antasa ko svataH yA parataH pariSkRta karatI haiM, usake bhAvoM kI vizuddhi karatI haiM, unheM saMskAra kahate haiN| * dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-176, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980. 5 hindU dharma koza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR.-645, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1678. saMskRta hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pR.-1051, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1666. zramaNa (patrikA), lekhaka : DaoN. vijaya kumAra jhA, pR.-11, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, varSa 54, aMka 1-3, 2003. 'AdipurANa parizIlana, saMH- phUlacaMda jaina, pR.-333, AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara (rAja.) prathama saMskaraNa 2001.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 19 ___ saMkSepa meM "saMskAra kA abhiprAya bAhya dhArmika-kriyAkANDa, dhArmika-anuSThAna, ADambara pUrNa karmakANDa, rAjya dvArA nirdiSTa aupacArikatAoM evaM anuzAsita vyavahAroM se bhinna Antarika-vizuddhi aura Atmika-parizuddhi se hai| saMskAra zabda vyakti ke daihika, mAnasika aura bauddhika-pariSkAra ke lie kie jAne vAle anuSThAnoM se sambandhita hai|" digambara-paramparA ke jaina-purANoM meM saMskAra hetu kriyA zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jisakA artha bhI AcaraNa, zikSaNa, zuddhi-saMskAra, dhArmika-saMskAra se hI liyA jAtA hai, jo eka sImA taka saMskAra zabda kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| isa prakAra saMskAra zabda kA eka artha viziSTa kriyA bhI hai| AcAradinakara meM yaha zabda vyakti ke vikAsa hetu kie jAne vAle una vidhi-vidhAnoM hetu vyavahRta huA hai, jinake mAdhyama se vyakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| saMskAra kA artha vahA~ mAtra vidhi-vidhAnoM se hI nahIM liyA gayA hai, kyoMki mAtra vidhi-vidhAna se vyakti ke antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi nahIM hotI hai| AtmA kA parimArjana karane hetu vidhi-vidhAna eka mAdhyama hai| usakA mUla uddezya to antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi karanA hai| vaha eka prakAra se cAritrika-vikAsa kI prakriyA isa prakAra jaina-paramparA meM saMskAra kA samyak artha aisI samyaka kriyAoM se hai, jo vyakti kA pavitrIkaraNa kara use AdhyAtmika-sAdhanA, dhArmika-kriyAkalApa aura sAmAjika dAyitva ke nirvAha ke yogya banAtA hai| saMskAra kA mahatvaH __saMskAra kI avadhAraNA-samAja sApekSa hai, ataH saMskAroM kA mUlya evaM mahatva kA AMkalana bhI sAmAjika-pariveza meM hI karanA hogaa| yadyapi paramparAgata rUpa se ina saMskAroM ko eka dhArmika-svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai, kintu bhArata meM dharma aura samAja eka-dUsare se pRthak nahIM mAne gae haiM, ataH dhArmika-saMskAroM kA bhI eka sAmAjika-pariprekSya hotA hai| vastutaH, ye saMskAra isalie Avazyaka haiM ki inake mAdhyama se vyakti ko eka sAmAjika prANI ke rUpa meM vikAsa kA avasara milatA hai| sahI artha meM saMskAra kI mahattA evaM upayogitA eka ora vyakti ko samAja se jor3ane meM hai, to dUsarI ora samAja dvArA usakI asmitA ko svIkAra karane meM bhI hai| saMskAra vyakti kA sAmAjika-mahatva svIkAra karane ke bhI mAdhyama 'AdipurANa meM bhArata, nemIcaMda zAstrI, pR.-164, gaNezavarNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1668. saMskRta hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pR.-311, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1666.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vyakti ko eka sAmAjika prazikSaNa bhI diyA jAtA hai aura use samAja ke aviyojya aMga ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| saMskAroM kA dUsarA mahatva isa bAta meM hai ki ve vyakti ko saMskArita yA zikSita karate haiN| upanayana aura vidyArambha ke saMskAra vyakti ko zikSA ke kSetra meM praveza dene ke lie hI kie jAte haiN| zikSA hI eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jisake AdhAra para vyakti kA samAjIkaraNa hotA hai, ataH zikSA sambandhI saMskAroM kA bhI vyakti ke vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika-jIvana meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| zikSA vastutaH vyakti ke jIvana kA lakSya spaSTa karatI hai aura usakI jIvana-zailI ko parimArjita karatI hai| ___ vyakti ko eka samAja ke sadasya ke rUpa meM kArya karane hetu pArasparika sahayoga kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, kintu vyakti dUsare ke sAtha kisa prakAra kA vyavahAra kare aura dUsarA usake prati kisa prakAra kA vyavahAra kare- yaha bAta kahIM-na-kahIM naitika-vyavasthA se jur3I huI hai| saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vyakti ke jIvana meM naitika mUlyoM kA vikAsa kiyA jAtA hai| eka-dUsare ke prati sAmAjika dAyitva kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai aura parivAra tathA samAja meM samarpita bhAva se kaise jIvana vyatIta kiyA jAe? yaha bAta bhI vyakti ko saMskAra ke mAdhyama se hI prApta hotI hai| sAmAjika dAyitvoM evaM kartavyoM ke bodha kA mUlAdhAra saMskAra hI haiN| isa prakAra saMkSepa meM saMskAra kI eka sAmAjika, naitika aura AdhyAtmika-mUlyavattA rahI huI hai| usase inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| saMskAroM kI yaha paramparA na kevala hindU-dharma yA jaina-dharma meM hai, apitu IsAI, islAma aura pArasI, Adi vizva ke sabhI dharmoM meM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM saMskAroM kI paramparA pAI jAtI hai| saMskAra mAtra karmakANDa nahIM haiM, balki ve vyakti ke jIvana-nirmANa ke sUtra bhI haiN| unake pIche sAmAjika, naitika aura vaijJAnika AdhAra rahe hue haiN| yaha AdhAra hI unakI mUlyavattA ko spaSTa karate haiN| saMskAroM kI saMkhyA kA tulanAtmaka vivecana zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA kitanI-kitanI batAI gaI hai- yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA me varNita saMskAroM ke svarUpa Adi meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai, yadyapi apanI-apanI paramparAgata mAnyatA ke kAraNa kucha aMtara avazya hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA meM kramazaH 'AcAradinakara' evaM 'AdipurANa' hI aise grantha haiM, jisameM hameM sampUrNa saMskAroM kA varNana mila jAtA hai| anya granthoM meM bhI kucha saMskAroM ke kie jAne hetu nAmollekha to avazya milate haiM, kintu vahA~ inakI nizcita saMkhyA ke bAre meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| AcAradinakara 40 saMskAroM kA ullekha karatA hai, to AdipurANa meM inakI saMkhyA 100 se bhI adhika ho jAtI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM Apasa meM matabheda rahA hai, jaise- koI saMskAroM kI saMkhyA solaha mAnate haiM, koI aThAraha, to koI caaliis| yaha to saMskAroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM sAmAnya jAnakArI hai| aba pratyeka paramparA meM varNita saMskAroM ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecana hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM varNita saMskAroM kI saMkhyA zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AcAradinakara nAmaka grantha meM sarvaprathama cAlIsa saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| isase pUrvavartI granthoM meM inameM se kucha saMskAroM ke vidhi-vidhAna sahita ullekha milate haiM, yathA- pratiSThAvidhi, Avazyakavidhi, prAyazcittavidhi, ityAdi, kintu vahA~ inheM saMskAra ke nAma se abhihita nahI kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ inheM vidhi-vidhAna ke rUpa meM hI mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra garbhAdhAna (svapna-darzana) jAtakarma, sUrya-candradarzana, nAmakaraNa, Adi saMskAroM ke nAmollekha to AgamoM meM bhI milate haiM, kintu vahA~ inase sambandhita vidhi-vidhAnoM ke ullekha nahIM milate hai| AgamakAlIna yuga se lekara 15vIM zatI taka aura usake bAda bhI hameM kisI aise grantha kA ullekha nahIM milatA, jo ina sabhI cAlIsa saMskAroM kA unake vidhi-vidhAnoM sahita nirUpaNa karatA ho| isa prakAra zvetAmbara-paramparA meM saMskAroM kA vidhi-vidhAna sahita nirUpaNa karane vAlA ekamAtra grantha AcAradinakara hI hai| isameM varNita cAlIsa saMskAroM ko nimnAMkita tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai(a) gRhastha sambandhI (2) muni sambandhI (3) muni evaM gRhastha sambandhI (1) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (1) brahmacarya-vratagrahaNa-vidhi (1) pratiSThA-vidhi (2) puMsavana-saMskAra (2) kSullaka-vidhi (2) zAntika-karma (3) jAtakarma-saMskAra (3) pravrajyA-vidhi . (3) pauSTika-karma (4) sUrya-candradarzana-saMskAra (4) upasthApanA-vidhi (4) bali-vidhAna (5) kSIrAzana-saMskAra (5) yogodvahana-vidhi (5) prAyazcitta-vidhi (6) SaSThI-saMskAra (6) vAcanAgrahaNa-vidhi (6) Avazyaka-vidhi

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22 (7) zuci - saMskAra (8) nAmakaraNa - saMskAra (6) annaprAzana- saMskAra (10) karNavedha saMskAra (11) cUr3AkaraNa-saMskAra (12) upanayana-saMskAra (13) vidyArambha-saMskAra 14) vivAha-saMskAra (15)vratAropaNa-saMskAra (16) antya-saMskAra (2) digambara - paramparA meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA (7) nAmakarma - kriyA (8) bahiryAna-kriyA (6) niSadyA- kriyA (10) prAzana-kriyA (7) vAcanAnujJA-vidhi (7) tapa - vidhi (8) AcArya - padasthApana - vidhi (8) padAropaNa - vidhi (6) upAdhyAya - padasthApana - vidhi (10) pratimA - udvahana - vidhi (11) sAdhvI kI dIkSA - vidhi (12) pravartinIpadasthApana-vidhi (13) mahattarApadasthApana - vidhi (14) ahorAtricaryA-vidhi (15) RtucaryA-vidhi (16) antasaMlekhanA - vidhi zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhA~ti hI digambara- paramparA ke purANa granthoM meM bhI hameM saMskAroM ke sambandha meM ullekha prApta hote haiN| AdipurANa meM saMskAra zabda kriyA ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| ise vahA~ bhI saMskAra ke rUpa meM hI liyA gayA hai| AdipurANa meM tIna prakAra kI kriyAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, yathA - ( 9 ) garbhAnvaya- kriyAe~ (2) dIkSAnvaya - kriyAe~ (3) kartranvaya kriyaaeN| ina tInoM kriyAoM kI saMkhyA kramazaH 53, 48 evaM 7 hai| ina kriyAoM ke nAmollekha isa prakAra haiM garbhAnvaya-kriyAe~ dIkSAnvaya-kriyAe~ kartranvaya-kriyAe~ (1) AdhAna - kriyA (2) prIti - kriyA (3) suprIti - kriyA (4) dhRti-kriyA (5) moda - kriyA (6) priyodbhava - kriyA (1) avatAra-kriyA (2) vRttalAbha - kriyA (3) sthAnalAbha-kriyA (4) gaNagraha- kriyA (5) pUjArAdhya-kriyA (6) puNyayajJa - kriyA (7) dRr3hacaryA - kriyA sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI (1) sajjAti-kriyA (2) sadgRhitvakriyA (3) pArivrAjya (4) surendratA (5) sAmrAjya (8) upayogitA-kriyA (6) upanIti-kriyA (10) vratacaryA - kriyA (6) paramArhantya (7) paramanirvANa

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (11) vyuSTi-kriyA (12) kezavApa-kriyA (13) lipisaMkhyAna saMgraha-kriyA (14) upanIti-kriyA (15) vratacaryA-kriyA (16) vratAvataraNa-kriyA (17) vivAha-kriyA (18) varNalAbha-kriyA (16) kulacaryA-kriyA (20) gRhIzitA-kriyA (21) prazAnti-kriyA (22) gRhatyAga-kriyA (23) dIkSAdya-kriyA (24) jinarUpatA-kriyA (25) maunAdhyayanavRttatva-kriyA (26) tIrthakRtabhAvanA-kriyA (27) gurusthAnAbhyupagama-kriyA (28) gaNopagrahaNa-kriyA (26) svagurusthAnasaMkrAnti-kriyA (30) niHsaMgatvAtmabhAvanA-kriyA (31) yoganirvANasaMprApti-kriyA (32) yoganirvANasAdhana-kriyA (33) indropapAda-kriyA (34) abhiSeka-kriyA (35) vidhidAna-kriyA (36) sukhodaya-kriyA (37) indratyAga-kriyA (38) avatAra-kriyA (11) vratAvaraNa-kriyA (12) vivAha-kriyA (13) varNalAbha-kriyA (14) kulacaryA-kriyA (15) gRhIzitA-kriyA (16) prazAnti-kriyA (17) gRhatyAga-kriyA (18) dIkSAdya-kriyA (16) jinarUpatA-kriyA (20) maunAdhyayanavRttatva-kriyA (21) tIrthakRtbhAvanA-kriyA (22) gurusthAnAbhyupagama-kriyA (23) gaNopagrahaNa-kriyA (24) svagurusthAnasaMkrAnti-kriyA (25) niHsaMgatvAtmabhAvanA-kriyA (26) yoganirvANasaMprApti-kriyA (27) yoganirvANasAdhana-kriyA (28) indropapAda-kriyA (28) abhiSeka-kriyA (30) vidhidAna-kriyA (31) sukhodaya-kriyA (32) indratyAga-kriyA (33) avatAra-kriyA (34) hiraNyotkRSTajanmatA-kriyA (35) mandarendrAbhiSeka-kriyA (36) gurupUjopalambhana-kriyA (37) yauvarAjya-kriyA (38) svarAjya-kriyA

Page #28
sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI (36) hiraNyotkRSTajanmatA-kriyA (36) cakralAbha-kriyA (40) mandarendrAbhiSeka-kriyA (40) digvijaya-kriyA (41) gurupUjopalambhana-kriyA (41) cakrAbhiSeka-kriyA (42) yauvarAjya-kriyA (42) sAmrAjya-kriyA (43) svarAjya-kriyA (43) niSkrAnti-kriyA (44) cakralAbha-kriyA (44) yogasanmaha-kriyA (45) digvijaya-kriyA (45) Arhantya-kriyA (46) cakrAbhiSeka-kriyA (46) tadvihAra-kriyA (47) sAmrAjya-kriyA (47) yogatyAga-kriyA (48) niSkrAnti-kriyA (48) agranirvRtti-kriyA (46) yogasanmaha-kriyA (50) Arhantya-kriyA (51) tadvihAra-kriyA (52) yogatyAga-kriyA (53) agranirvRtti-kriyA ___ AdipurANa meM garbhAnvaya nAmaka jina 53 kriyAoM kA ullekha huA hai, ve sAmAnya vyakti kI apekSA se kahI gaI haiN| 48 dIkSAnvaya kriyAoM kA ullekha vratoM kA grahaNa karane hetu utsuka puruSa ke lie nirdiSTa hai" tathA antima 8 kanvayaH kriyAoM kA ullekha alpasaMsArI manuSya ke lie kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA vaidika-paramparA meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM kAphI matabheda rahA hai, jinakA adhyayana nimna binduoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jA rahA hai " AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- unacAlIsavA~, pR.-266, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 2 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- unacAlIsavA~, pR.-277, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 13 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-177, uttarapradeza hindIsaMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980.

Page #29
vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (1) gRhyasUtra vaidika-paramparA meM sarvaprathama saMskAra zabda kA ullekha gRhyasUtroM meM huA hai, kintu vahA~ saMskAra zabda kA prayoga usake vAstavika artha meM na hokara mImAMsakoM kI bhA~ti paMca - bhU-saMskAra evaM pAka saMskAra ke rUpa meM huA hai| prAcInakAla meM logoM ke manaHpaTala para yajJoM kA gaharA prabhAva thA, "ataH ve samasta gRhya vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vargIkaraNa vividha yajJoM ke nAmoM ke antargata karate the / daihika-saMskAroM kA bhI antarbhAva unhoMne pAkayajJoM meM hI kara liyA thA / 4 pAraskara gRhyasUtra meM pAkayajJoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai- (1) huta (2) Ahuta (3) prahuta evaM (4) prAzita, kintu baudhAyana gRhyasUtra meM ina yajJoM ko sAta bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| ve sAta prakAra haiM- (1) huta (2) Ahuta (3) prahuta (4) zUlagava ( 5 ) baliharaNa ( 6 ) pratyavarohaNa evaM (7) aSTAhoma | gRhyasUtra meM prathama tIna kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra dI gaI hai " jaba yajJa meM Ahuti de dI jAtI hai, to use huta kahate haiN| unhoMne isake antargata vivAha se sImantonnayanaparyanta saMskAroM ko samAviSTa mAnA hai| agni meM Ahuti dene ke pazcAt jaba brAhmaNoM tathA anya vyaktiyoM ko dAna vagairaha diyA jAtA hai, to use prahuta kahA jAtA hai| isameM unhoMne jAtakarma se lekara caula - karma taka ke sampUrNa saMskAroM kA samAveza mAnA hai| huta evaM prahuta ke bAda jaba koI svayaM anya vyaktiyoM se upahAra prApta karatA hai, to use Ahuta kahate haiN| isake antargata upanayana evaM samAvartana saMskAra kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| 15 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki gRhyasUtroM meM jinheM gRhyayajJoM ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA thA, kAlAntara meM unhIM ko saMskAra ke nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| 25 vaikhAnasa se pUrva prAyaH sabhI gRhyasUtroM meM daihika - saMskAroM evaM devArAdhana hetu kie jAne vAle yajJoM ko eka hI mAnA jAtA thA, ve unameM koI antara nahIM mAnate the| sarvaprathama vaikhAnasa - smArtasUtroM meM hI daihika - saMskAroM tathA vibhinna avasaroM para devArAdhana hetu kie jAne vAle yajJoM meM spaSTa vibheda kiyA gayA hai| ina sUtroM meM na kevala RtusaMgamana athavA garbhAdhAna se vivAha taka ke aThAraha saMskAroM kA ullekha huA hai, varan inameM svataMtra rUpa se bAIsa yajJoM yathA 14 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-do (dvitIya pariccheda), pR. 20, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. 15 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-do ( dvitIya pariccheda), pR. 20, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. 16 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-do ( dvitIya pariccheda), pR. 21, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665.

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26 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI paMcaAhika-yajJa, sAta pAkayajJa, sAta haviryajJa evaM sAta somayajJa (yahA~ paMcaAhika yajJoM ko eka hI mAnA gayA hai, ataH kula milAkara bAIsa yajJa hue) kA bhI ullekha hai| sAmAnyataH, gRhyasUtroM meM daihika-saMskAroM kI carcA vivAha se Arambha kI gaI hai tathA usakA samApana samAvartana-saMskAra se kiyA gayA hai, kintu gRhyasUtroM meM eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se dekhane ko milatI hai, vaha yaha ki adhikAMza sUtroM meM antyeSTi-saMskAra kA ullekha hI nahIM milatA hai| sambhavataH, yaha eka azubha kArya hai, ataH sUtrakAroM dvArA isa azubha kArya kA ullekha zubha kAryoM ke sAtha karanA ucita nahIM samajhA gayA hogaa| kucha hI gRhyasUtra haiM, jinameM hameM isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, yathA : pArAzara-gRhyasUtra, AzvalAyana-gRhyasUtra, baudhAyana-gRhyasUtra, aadi| vibhinna gRhyasUtroM meM varNita saMskAroM kI saMkhyA gyAraha milatI hai tathA sarvAdhika saMskAroM kI saMkhyA aThAraha milatI hai| vividha sUciyoM meM saMskAroM ke nAmoM meM bhI thor3A-bahuta antara dekhane ko milatA hai, jo nimnAnusAra spaSTa haiAzvalAyanagRhyasUtra pAraskaragRhyasUtra baudhAyanagRhyasUtra (1) vivAha-saMskAra (1) vivAha-saMskAra (1) vivAha-saMskAra (2) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (2) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (2) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (3) puMsavana-saMskAra (3) puMsavana-saMskAra (3) puMsavana-saMskAra (4) sImantonnayana-saMskAra (4) sImantonnayana-saMskAra (4)sImantonnayanasaMskAra (5) jAtakarma-saMskAra (5) jAtakarma-saMskAra (5) jAtakarma-saMskAra (6) nAmakaraNa-saMskAra (6) nAmakarma-saMskAra (6) nAmakaraNa-saMskAra (7) cUDAkarma-saMskAra (7) niSkramaNa-saMskAra (7) paniSkramaNa-saMskAra (8) annaprAzana-saMskAra (8) annaprAzana-saMskAra (8) annaprAzana-saMskAra (E) upanayana-saMskAra (6) cUr3Akarma-saMskAra (6) cUDAkarma-saMskAra (10) samAvartana-saMskAra (10) upanayana-saMskAra (10) karNavedha-saMskAra (11) antyeSTi-saMskAra (11) kezAnta-saMskAra (11) upanayana-saMskAra (12) samAvartana-saMskAra (12) samAvartana-saMskAra (13) antyeSTi-saMskAra (13) pitRmedha-saMskAra vArAhagRhyasUtra vaikhAnasagRhyasUtra (1) jAtakarma-saMskAra (1) RtusaMgamana-saMskAra

Page #31
vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (2) nAmakaraNa - saMskAra (3) dantodgamana - saMskAra (4) annaprAzana- saMskAra (5) cUr3Akarma - saMskAra (6) upanayana saMskAra (7) cAra veda vrata - saMskAra (8) godAna - saMskAra (6) samAvartana-saMskAra (10) vivAha-saMskAra (11) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (12) puMsavana-saMskAra (13) sImantonnayana - saMskAra ( 14 ) vratabandha - visarga - saMskAra (15) upAkarma - saMskAra (16) utsarjana saMskAra (17) samAvartana - saMskAra (18) pANigrahaNa-saMskAra dharmasUtra (2) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (3) sImanta - saMskAra (4) viSNubali - saMskAra (5) jAtakarma - saMskAra (6) utthAna - saMskAra (7) nAmakaraNa - saMskAra (8) annaprAzana- saMskAra (6) pravasAgamana - saMskAra (10) piNDavarddhana - saMskAra (11) caulaka - saMskAra (12) upanayana - saMskAra (13) pArAyaNa - saMskAra sarvaprathama saMskAroM kA ullekha gRhyasUtroM meM huA aura usake bAda dharmasUtroM meM, kintu gRhyasUtroM meM jisa prakAra kA unakA svarUpa prakaTa huA thA, usase kucha haTakara hI unakA ullekha hameM dharmasUtroM meM milatA hai| cU~ki unakA adhikAMza bhAga paramparAgata vidhi ke vivaraNa ne hI ghera liyA hai, ataH sabhI dharmasUtroM meM saMskAroM kA varNana nahIM milatA hai aura na hI unameM unakA parisaMkhyana hI kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI hameM vahA~ kucha saMskAroM ke, yathA - upanayana, vivAha, upAkarma, utsarjana, Adi ke sambandha meM niyamoM kA ullekha milatA hai| gautamadharmasUtra meM hameM ATha AtmaguNoM ke sAtha nimna cAlIsa saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai. (1) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (14) sahacAriNI-saMyoga vivAha-saMskAra 27 * dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 177, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

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28 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI (2) puMsavana-saMskAra (15) devayajJa (3) sImantonnayana-saMskAra (16) pitRyajJa (4) jAtakarma-saMskAra (17) manuSyayajJa (5) nAmakaraNa-saMskAra (18) bhUtayajJa (6) annaprAzana-saMskAra (16) brahmayajJa (7) caulakarma-saMskAra (20) aSTakayajJa (8) upanayana-saMskAra (21) pArvaNayajJa (15 se 16 taka paMcamahAyajJa) (6-12) cAravedavrata-saMskAra (22) zrAddhayajJa (13) snAna-saMskAra (23) zrAvaNIyajJa (24) AgrahAyaNIyajJa (33) sautrAmaNI (27-33 taka sapta haviryajJa) (25) caitrIyajJa (34) agniSTa homa (26) AzvayujI (20-26 taka sapta pAkayajJa) (35) atyagniSToma (27) agnyAdheya (36) ukthya (28) agnihotra (37) SoDazI (26) darza paurNamAsa (38) vAjapeya (30) cAturmAsya (36) atirAtra (31) AgrahAyaNeSTi (40) AptauryAmi (34-40 taka sapta somayajJa) (32) nirUr3ha pazudhana dharmasUtroM meM bhI saMskAroM evaM yajJoM kA ullekha hameM eka sAtha hI milatA hai| spaSTa hai ki vahA~ bhI saMskAroM aura yajJoM meM koI vibheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| saMskAra zabda kA prayoga sAmAnya rUpa se dhArmika kRtyoM ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| hArIta ke anusAra saMskAroM kI do koTiyA~ haiM- (1) brahma evaM (2) daiv| garbhAdhAna Adi manuSya-jIvana ke vibhinna avasaroM para kie jAne vAle saMskAroM ko brahma kahate haiM tathA vibhinna yajJoM ko daiva-saMskAra kahate haiN| vAstava meM dekhA jAe, to brahma-saMskAroM ko hI yathArtha meM saMskAra kI zreNI meM rakhA jAnA caahie| isa ra hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-do (dvitIya pariccheda), pR.-23, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. * dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-177, uttarapradeza hindIsaMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

Page #33
vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mAnyatA kA prabhAva yaha huA ki smRtikAla meM unhIM kRtyoM kA samAveza saMskAroM meM kiyA gayA, jisakA prayojana vyakti ke vyaktitva evaM zarIra ko saMskRta karanA thaa| smRtiyA~ smRtiyoM meM mUlataH unhIM kRtyoM kA samAveza saMskAroM meM kiyA gayA, jinakA anuSThAna vyakti kI zuddhi ke lie kiyA jAtA thaa| kucha smRtiyoM meM hameM saMskAroM ke sAtha pAkayajJoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, yathA- gautamasmRti, nimna teraha smArta yA yathArtha saMskAra haiM 20 yAjJavalkyasmRti, Adi / manu ke anusAra (1) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (2) puMsavana saMskAra (3) sImantonnayana - saMskAra (4) jAtakarma-saMskAra (5) nAmadheya - saMskAra (6) niSkramaNa - saMskAra (7) annaprAzana- saMskAra (1) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (2) puMsavana saMskAra (3) sImanta - saMskAra (4) jAtakarma - saMskAra (5) nAmakriyA - saMskAra yAjJavalkyasmRti meM bhI kezAnta ko chor3akara hameM inhIM saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| gautamasmRti meM 40 saMskAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| manu evaM yAjJavalkyasmRti meM varNita daihika - saMskAroM ke sAtha hI inameM pAkayajJoM kI bhI gaNanA kI gaI hai| pUrvavartI smRtiyoM meM to hameM saMskAroM kI koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM milatI, kintu paravartI smRtiyoM meM hameM prAyaH solaha saMskAroM kA hI ullekha milatA hai; jaise vyAsasmRti meM hameM nimna solaha saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai" 20 (8) cUr3Akarma saMskAra (6) upanayana saMskAra (10) kezAnta - saMskAra (11) samAvartana - saMskAra (12) vivAha-saMskAra (13) zmazAna - saMskAra 29 (6) karNaveda-saMskAra (10) vratAdeza - saMskAra (11) vedArambha-saMskAra (12) kezAnta - saMskAra (13) snAna - saMskAra dekheH hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-do ( dvitIya pariccheda), pR. 24, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. 21 dekheH hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya - do ( dvitIya pariccheda), pR. 24, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665.

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30 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI (6) niSkramaNa-saMskAra (14) udvAha-saMskAra (7) annaprAzana-saMskAra (15) vivAhAgniparigraha-saMskAra (8) vapanakriyA-saMskAra (16) tretAgnisaMgraha-saMskAra isI prakAra smRticandrikA dvArA uddhRta jAtUkarNya meM bhI nimna solaha-saMskAroM kI hI sUcI milatI hai2. (1) garbhAdhAna-saMskAra (6-12) cAravedavrata-saMskAra (2) puMsavana-saMskAra (13) godAna-saMskAra (3) sImanta-saMskAra (14) samAvartana-saMskAra (4) jAtakarma-saMskAra (15) vivAha-saMskAra (5) nAmakaraNa-saMskAra (16) aMtyeSTi-saMskAra (6) annaprAzana-saMskAra (7) caula-saMskAra (8) upanayana-saMskAra ___ vyAsa dvArA dI gaI tAlikA se isameM kucha antara hai, jaise- vyAsa dvArA dI gaI sUcI meM vedArambha-saMskAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jAtUkarNya meM usake sthAna para cAravedavratoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ityaadi| isI prakAra madhyakAlIna lekhana meM hameM gautama, aMgirA, vyAsa, jAtakarNya, Adi kI saMskAra-sUcI kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu usameM prAyaH garbhAdhAna se Arambha kara vivAha taka ke saMskAroM kA hI varNana milatA hai| usameM hameM daiva-saMskAroM, arthAt yajJoM kA varNana nahIM milatA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve kevala saMskAra kA paramparAgata rUr3ha artha hI svIkAra karate haiN| inameM bhI hameM adhikAMzataH, smRtiyoM kI bhA~ti hI, antyeSTi-saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM samaya ke pravAha ke sAtha-sAtha saMskAroM kI saMkhyA Adi meM bhI parivartana huA hai, jo vaidika-vidvAnoM ke lie carcA kA viSaya rahA hai| antataH, vaidika-paramparA meM SoDaza saMskAroM kI mAnyatA sthira ho gaI, jo Aja taka pracalita hai| jaina-paramparA meM AcAradinakara meM gRhastha ke jina SoDaza 22 dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-177, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 31 saMskAroM kA nirdhAraNa huA hai, unakI solaha kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa bhI vastutaH vaidika-paramparA se prabhAvita hai| yahA~ vardhamAnasUri ne digambara-purANa-sAhitya kA anusaraNa na karake hindU-paramparA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| saMskAroM kA prayojana susaMskRta jIvana hI manuSya-janma kI sArthakatA hai| saMskAroM se rahita vyakti dharatI ke lie bhArarUpa aura samAja ke lie abhizApa hotA hai tathA usakA apanA jIvana bhI nirarthaka hotA hai| yadi janasAmAnya ke vicAra aura kArya susaMskRta DhA~ce meM Dhala jAeM, to vyakti aura samAja kA vividha-pakSIya vikAsa ho sakatA hai aura samAja meM sukhazAnti raha sakatI hai| yaha to saMskAra ke prayojana ke sambandha meM eka sAmAnya avadhAraNA hai, kintu saMskAroM jaisI prAcIna saMsthAoM ke mUla prayojana kI jaba hama gaveSaNA karate haiM, to mArga meM aneka kaThinAiyA~ upasthita hotI haiM, kyoMki jina paristhitiyoM meM una saMskAroM kA prAdurbhAva huA thA, ve to yugoM ke garbha meM chipI huIM haiM aura unake cAroM tarapha lokapracalita andhavizvAsoM, ADambaroM evaM kore kriyAkANDoM kA jAla-sA bicha gayA hai| unake mUla prayojana unase kahIM dUra ho gae haiM, jinake kAraNa vyakti unase samucita lAbha hI prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai aura aisI sthiti meM vyakti ke mana meM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yadi kriyAyoga se manuSya ko koI vizeSa pratibhA, kIrti, tejasvitA, Adi kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, to phira ina kriyAoM ko karane kA kyA prayojana hai? jisa prakAra agni jalAne tathA pacana-pAcana meM sakSama hai, usI prakAra maMtroM ke saMskAra ke binA bhI manuSya kArya karane meM samartha hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jisa prakAra IMdhana, Adi se puSTa agni jalAne meM sakSama hai, usI prakAra AhArAdi se puSTa vyakti kI deha bhI kArya karane meM sakSama hotI hai| isa prakAra yadi saMskAra karane kA koI prayojana pratIta nahIM hotA hai, to phira saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna hetu vyartha meM vitta kA vyaya karane se kyA lAbha? kyA purANoM meM vihita ye kriyAe~ vyartha haiM? uttamatA se anuSThita ye saMskAra sambandhI kriyAe~ kisa prakAra hameM saMsAra-samudra se pAra utAra sakatI haiM?" isake pratyuttara meM vardhamAnasUri kahate haiM- ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika-karmoM kI phalazruti ke sambandha meM vidvajjanoM evaM kevaliyoM ke vacana hI samyak rUpa se grAhya evaM pramANya haiN| syAdvAda-pradhAna arhat mata ko uttama kahA gayA hai| usake anekAnta zabda se vividha sambhAvanAoM 22 SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, paM.zrIrAma zarmA, pR.-225, akhaNDa jyoti saMsthAna, mathurA, prathama saMskaraNa 1665. " hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-do (dvitIya pariccheda), pR.-27, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. * AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-388, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. .

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI kA grahaNa hotA hai / kevalI dvArA nirdiSTa AcAra hI paramArtha hai tathA sajjanoM dvArA mAnya veza evaM AcaraNa vyavahAramArga kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha sarvasammata hai ki pApakarmoM kA kSaya hone se evaM puNyakarma kA udaya hone se vyakti ke dAna, tapa, brahmacarya evaM karuNA kI zubhabhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| AcAra aura veza- ye donoM kalyANakArI haiM, ataH inase sambandhita jo kriyAe~ haiM, ve sabhI kalyANakArI haiN| isa prakAra ina saMskAroM kA prayojana svataH hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ,,26 32 paM. zrIrAma zarmA ke anusAra " sAmAnyataH, tatvadarzI RSiyoM-muniyoM ne dharma evaM adhyAtma kA vizAlakAya DhA~cA eka hI uddezya se lekara khar3A kiyA hai ki mAnava ke Upara janma-janmAntaroM se car3he hue kusaMskAra dUra hoM aura unake sthAna para susaMskRta AdarzoM, mAnyatAoM, bhAvanAoM evaM pravRttiyoM kA vikAsa ho sake / pUjA, upAsanA, japa-tapa, svAdhyAya, vidhi-niSedha evaM karmakANDoM kA vistRta vidhi-vidhAna kevala isI prayojana ke lie hai ki isa avalambana ko svIkAra kara vyakti nirantara suvikasita evaM susaMskRta banatA calA jAe, satat kaSAya - kalmaSoM kA parizodhana karatA jAe, jisase vaha Atmika - sukha ko prApta kara ske|' ,,27 AcAradinakara meM varNita cAlIsa saMskAroM kA kyA uddezya hai, arthAt ve kina prayojanoM se abhibhUta hokara kie jAte haiM- isakA varNana granthakAra ne vyavahAra-paramArtha (vyavahAramArga aura paramArthamArga) meM kiyA hai, jinheM nimna binduoM ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA jA rahA hai 1. garbhAdhAna-saMskAra , 28 garbhAdhAna-saMskAra "garbha kI prasiddhi hetu tathA svakula ke logoM ko AnaMda pradAna karane ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke madhya jo zAntikakarma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha garbha ke rakSaNa hetu tathA maMtra kA prayoga bhrUNa ke vikAsa meM Ane vAle vidhnoM kA nAza karane hetu kiyA jAtA hai| prayojana garbha kI prasiddhi karanA evaM garbha kI rakSA karanA hai / digambara evaM vaidika - paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA prayojana santAna kI prApti karanA mAnA gayA hai| 2. puMsavana saMskAra saMkSepa meM isa saMskAra kA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra " isa saMskAra kA prayojana garbha ke doSoM ko dUra karanA, garbha kI vRddhi evaM garbha rahane hetu ullAsa prakaTa karanA, arthAt vardhApana 26 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 388, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, paM. zrIrAma zarmA, pR. 2.25, akhaNDa jyoti saMsthAna, mathurA, prathama saMskaraNa 1665 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 27 28

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karanA hai," kyoMki bAlaka yadi durguNoM se yukta, arthAt rogI, krodhI, AlasI yA vikalAMga, Adi hogA, to usase mAtA-pitA to duHkhI hoMge hI, usake sAtha hI usakA bhaviSya bhI andhakAramaya lagane lagegA, kyoMki vaha svayaM kA kArya svayaM hI nahIM kara sakegA, use apane pratyeka kArya hetu parAzrita rahanA par3egA, ataH bAlaka doSoM se rahita evaM paripUrNa aMga vAlA ho- isa apekSA se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai / hindU paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko karane kA mukhya prayojana garbhastha zizu ko putrarUpa pradAna karanA hai, kintu paM. zrIrAma zarmA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra garbhastha zizu ke samucita vikAsa ke lie garbhiNI strI kA kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki bAlaka ko susaMskArI banAne ke lie sarvaprathama usake janmadAtA mAtA ko susaMskRta honA caahie| digambara-paramparA meM AcAradinakara ke anurUpa hI yaha saMskAra "garbha kI puSTi tathA uttama saMtAna kI prApti hetu kiyA jAtA hai / ' 30 ,,3 ,31 3. jAtakarma-saMskAra vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra " yaha saMskAra janma - mahotsava karane ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai|"32 bAlaka yA bAlikA kA janma hote hI janmadAtA mAtA-pitA evaM parijanoM ke hRdaya meM harSa vyApta ho jAtA hai aura ve isa khuzI ko sabake samakSa prakaTa karane hetu mahotsava karate haiM, sarvatra vitta kA vyaya karate haiN| isa prakAra jAtakarma-saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana AnaMda kI abhivyakti karanA hai / hindU-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra putra kA prasava hone para tathA usake lie zubhakAmanAoM kI abhivyakti karane hetu kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka mAtA-pitA apane navajAta zizu ke lie yaha kAmanA karate haiM ki usakA jIvana sukhI evaM nirApada bane aura use kisI prakAra kI koI parezAnI na ho| isa Azaya se prerita hokara hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara- paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zizu ke janma hone para vidhipUrvaka mAtA ko snAna aura santAna ko AzIrvAda pradAna karane ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA 33 34 hA 33 26 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 30 SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, paM. zrIrAma zarmA, pR- 4.12, akhaNDa jyoti saMsthAna, mathurA, prathama saMskaraNa 1665. 31 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 32 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 33 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 162, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 34 AdipurANa, jinasenAcArya kRta, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- unacAlIsavA~, pR. 266, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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34 4. sUrya-candradarzana saMskAra vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra " isa saMskAra kA uddezya zizu ko pratyakSataH sRSTi ke darzana karAnA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se hI bAlaka ko sarvaprathama vizva ko prakAzita karane vAle sUryadeva evaM candradeva ke darzana karavAe jAte haiN| sUrya tejasvitA kA pratIka hai, to candramA zItalatA kA / zizu meM ina donoM guNoM kA AvirbhAva ho, isa uddezya ko lekara bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| hindU paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zizu ko prathama bAra zuddha vAyu kA sevana karAne ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra meM zizu ko sUrya-candradarzana bhI karavAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi digambara - paramparA meM isa saMskAra meM zizu ko sUrya-candradarzana karavAne kA ullekha to nahIM milatA hai, kintu priyodbhava - saMskAra ke antargata hI zizu ko tAroM se suzobhita AkAza ke darzana karavAe jAte haiN| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA uddezya zizu ko zuddha vAyu ke sevana evaM pariveza se paricita karAnA mAnA jA sakatA hai| 36 5. kSIrAzana- saMskAra ,,38 AcAradinakara ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA mUla prayojana "zizu ko janma ke bAda prathama bAra mAtA ke dugdha kA pAna karAnA hai|' bAlaka ke lie sabase sAttvika evaM supathya AhAra dUdha hI hai| dUdha kA AhAra hI zizu ke svAsthya hetu lAbhakArI hotA hai, kyoMki navajAta zizu kI AMteM, AmAzaya, Adi itane kamajora hote haiM ki vaha bhArI, mirca-masAle vAle, caTapaTe pakavAna tathA miSThAnna ko pacA hI nahIM pAtA hai| inakA sevana karavAne para zizu kA komala zarIra pratikriyAsvarUpa aneka prakAra ke rogoM se AkrAMta ho sakatA hai, ataH isa samasyA ke samAdhAna zizu ko vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka mAtA ke dugdha kA pAna karavAyA jAtA hai, jisase zizu kI deha niroga rhe| digambara evaM vaidika - paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA pRthak se koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa saMskAra ko unhoMne jAtakarma ke antargata hI mAna liyA hai| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 35 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 36 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-chaH (tRtIya pariccheda), pR. 111, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. 37 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva - unacAlIsavA~, pR. 306, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 38 'AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 6. SaSThI-saMskAra AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra zizu ke maMgala hetu kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se usake zarIra kI adhiSThitA mAtA kI pUjA kI jAtI hai, sAtha hI jo mAtRkA-deviyA~ loka meM prANiyoM kI rakSA ke lie paribhramaNa karatI haiM, unakI pUjA zizu kI rakSA ke lie kI jAtI hai|"36 digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| hindU-paramparA meM yadyapi mAtRkA-pUjana kA to ullekha milatA hai, kintu hindU-paramparA meM ise pRthak saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA gayA hai| 7. zucikarma-saMskAra zucikarma-saMskAra kA mUla prayojana zuddhikaraNa karanA hai| prasava hone ke bAda bhI strI kucha samaya taka dUSita rakta ke pravAha se grasita rahatI hai, jisase aneka doSoM evaM saMkrAmaka rogoM kI sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai| una doSoM ko dUra karane hetu zucikarma-saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki AcAradinakara meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "zucikarma-saMskAra ke mAdhyama se snAnAdi karma dvArA prasUti hone ke pazcAt bahane vAle dUSita rakta se utpanna doSoM kA unmUlana kiyA jAtA hai|" isake sAtha hI viprAdi cAroM varNa ke zauca ke lie adhikAdhika dina kI jo saMkhyA batAI gaI hai, usakA uddezya mAtra ucca evaM nimna jAti ke karma ko abhivyakta karanA hI nahIM hai, apitu jina vargoM meM saphAI kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai, unameM kama-se-kama dinoM ke pazcAt aura dUsare vargoM meM kucha adhika dinoM ke pazcAt yaha zucikarma-saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, isa viSaya ko spaSTa karanA bhI hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA pRthak se koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, vahA~ ise jAtakarma-saMskAra meM hI nihita mAna liyA gayA hai| 8. nAmakaraNa-saMskAra __ "nAmakaraNa-saMskAra kA prayojana bAlaka ko samAja se evaM samAja ko isa avatarita Agantuka se paricita karAnA hai| kisa nAma se use samAja jAne yA kisa nAma se use sambodhita kiyA jAe? isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| nAma kevala zabdoM kA samUha hI nahIM hai, una zabdoM ke pIche bhAvanA bhI saMlagna hai| acche yA bure zabda mana para acchA yA burA asara DAlate haiN| jisane kahA hai, jisane sunA hai yA jisake prati kahA gayA hai, una sabhI 36 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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36 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI para una zabdoM kA prabhAva par3atA hai, isalie hara vyakti apane lie acche vizeSaNayukta zabdoM ko sunanA pasanda karatA hai, kyoMki inhIM zabda-vizeSaNoM ke AdhAra para usakA samAja ke sAtha paricaya hotA hai, usakA svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai|" isa prakAra nAma sAmAjika-vyavahAra hetu Avazyaka hai, kyoMki samAja ke sAre hI vyavahAra isI AdhAra para calate haiN| jaisA ki vardhamAnasUri ne svayaM bhI AcAradinakara meM kahA hai- "nAmakaraNa-saMskAra AhvAna evaM preSaNa kA hetu hai", isalie zizu ko isa saMskAra se saMskRta kiyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta zizu ke bhaviSya ko jAnane ke lie bhI nAmakaraNa-saMskAra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki nAmAkSaroM ke binA usake bhaviSya ko jAnane kA aura koI upAya nahIM hai, isalie bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra isI prayojana se kiyA jAtA hai| 6. annaprAzana-saMskAra bAlaka jaba lagabhaga chaH mahIne kA ho jAtA hai, taba use dUdha ke atirikta anya vastue~ khAne ko dI jAtI haiN| yaha krama dhIre-dhIre Arambha kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki yadi use janma ke sAtha hI ekasAtha adhika mAtrA meM yA bhArI AhAra diyA jAe, to usakA peTa kharAba ho sakatA hai| pAcana-tantra bigar3a jAne para zizu mAtra aneka rogoM se grasita hI nahIM ho jAtA hai, varan kabhI-kabhI to usakI ihalIlA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai, kintu Ayu bar3hane ke sAtha-sAtha usakA zarIra dhIme-dhIme itanA sudRr3ha hone lagatA hai ki vaha halke AhAra ko pacA sakatA hai, isalie usakI zarIra kI AvazyakatA ko dekhate hue, use isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se sarvaprathama anna kA AhAra karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra "isa saMskAra kA prayojana deha ko ArogyatA pradAna karanA hai, kyoMki zubha muhUrta meM kiyA gayA AhAra deha ko ArogyatA pradAna karatA hai"3 tathA deha ko puSTa banAtA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra isI prayojana se kiyA jAtA hai| " SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, paM.zrIrAma zarmA, pR.-5.10, akhaNDa jyoti saMsthAna, mathurA, prathama saMskaraNa 1665 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 13 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 37 10. karNavedha-saMskAra AcAradinakara vyavahAraparamArtha nAmaka prakaraNa meM isa saMskAra ke prayojana se sambandhita gAthA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vahA~ hameM isase sambandhita mAtra arddha zloka hI upalabdha hai, kintu nizcita rUpa se isa saMskAra ko kie jAne ke pIche koI uddezya rahA hogaa| sAmAnyatayA, yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki karNa-chedana karavAne se vyakti aneka rogoM se baca jAtA hai| vartamAna meM ekyUprezara, ekyUpaMcara, Adi cikitsA-praNAlI bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra karatI haiM ki kAna ke amuka bhAga meM cheda karavAne se "aNDakoza kI vRddhi tathA AntravRddhi kA nirodha hotA hai|" yadyapi prArambha meM isa saMskAra kA pracalana alaMkaraNa pahanAne hetu huA hogA, kintu aba isa saMskAra ke kie jAne se hone vAle lAbhoM ko pratyakSa meM anubhUta kiyA jA rahA hai| suzruta kA bhI kathana hai- "roga, Adi se rakSA tathA bhUSaNa yA alaMkaraNa ke nimitta bAlaka ke kAnoM kA chedana karanA caahie|" isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana roga, Adi se rakSA karanA tathA bhUSaNa ke nimitta kAnoM kA chedana karavAnA thaa| digambara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra isI prayojana se kiyA jAtA hai| 11. cUr3AkaraNa-saMskAra AcAradinakara ke anusAra- "keza kA apanayana kie binA vrata-bandhAdi karma nahI hote hai, isalie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| dUsare, isa saMskAra ko kie jAne kA AdhyAtmika-uddezya vyakti ke saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA unmUlana karanA hai, kyoMki keza daihika-saundarya ke pratIka haiN| kezoM ke uccheda se hI paramAtmA ke samakSa dehArpaNa sambhava hotA hai| jaba taka saMsArarUpI rAga kA uccheda nahIM hotA hai, taba taka paramAtmA ke samakSa apanA pUrNa samarpaNa bhI sambhava nahIM hotA hai, isIlie gRhastha-jIvana ke vratoM ko svIkAra karane tathA pravrajyA dhAraNa karane, Adi meM muNDanakarma Avazyaka hai| isa saMskAra se deha ke prati Asakti ke bhAva kA nirAsa hotA hai, isalie janma-maraNa ke ucchedarUpa dehAsakti kA kSaya karane hetu yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki saMsArarUpI vRkSa kA mUla Upara evaM zAkhAe~ nIce haiN| mAnava-zarIra meM keza mUla (jar3oM) ke rUpa meM 44 dekheH hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-cha: (SaSTha pariccheda), pR.-128, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, __vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. 45 dekheH hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-chaH (SaSTha pariccheda), pR.-128, caukhammA vidyAbhavana, __ vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. 46 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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38 . sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI haiM- mUla ke uccheda se hI saMsAra kA uccheda sambhava hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra janma ke bAda prathama bAra kezoM kA apanayana karane ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zizu ke sira ke bAla pahalI bAra utArane ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta paM. zrIrAma zarmA ke anusAra pUrvajanma ke mastiSka meM baiThe kusaMskAroM ke kuprabhAvoM ko samApta karanA bhI isa saMskAra kA uddezya hai| 12. upanayana-saMskAra upanayana-saMskAra kie jAne kA mukhya prayojana varNatva kI prApti karanA hai, kyoMki upanayana-saMskAra se hI vyakti varNatva ko prApta karatA hai| jaisA ki AcAradinakara meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "upanayana-saMskAra dvArA vyakti varNatva ko prApta karatA hai|" isa saMskAra ke antargata vibhinna prakAra kI jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, unakA bhI kucha-na-kucha prayojana avazya hai, jaise- puruSoM ko jo sUtra dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, usakA prayojana jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra-rUpI mokSamArga ko sUtrarUpa meM dhAraNa karanA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra vidyAdhyayana evaM dvijatva kI prApti ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko kie jAne kA prayojana vidyAdhyayana-kAla meM bAlaka ko brahmacarya kA pAlana karavAnA hai| paM0 AzAdharajI ke anusAra jisakA upanayana-saMskAra huA hai, vaha dvija, arthAt brAhmaNa, kSatriya yA vaizya samyaktva se yukta hokara jIvanaparyanta ke lie madyapAna Adi mahApApoM kA tyAga karatA hai tathA vItarAga sarvajJa deva dvArA upadiSTa upAsakAdhyayana, Adi ke zravaNa karane kA adhikArI hotA hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana bAlaka ko zAstra-zravaNa evaM adhyayana kA adhikArI banAnA bhI hai| 13. vidyArambha-saMskAra _ 'vidyArambha', jaisA ki isa saMskAra ke nAma se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai, isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se bAlaka ko prathama bAra adhyayana karane hetu baiThAyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra vyakti kA zarIra-sAmarthya AhAra ke AdhAra para bar3hatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra mana kA sAmarthya vidyA ke mAdhyama se vikasita hotA hai, ataH bAlaka ko 7 SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, paM.zrIrAma zarmA, pR.-7.10, akhaNDa jyoti saMsthAna, mathurA, prathama saMskaraNa 1665 6 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-386, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 46 SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, paM.zrIrAma zarmA, pR.-6.2, akhaNDa jyoti saMsthAna, mathurA, prathama saMskaraNa 1665 sAgAradharmAmRta, anu.- supArzvamatijI, adhyAya-2, pR.-72-73, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vidyArambha - saMskAra se saMskArita kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA mukhya uddezya bAlaka ko vidyAdhyayana karavAnA hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra zAstrAdhyayana karavAne ke hai| vaidika - paramparA evaM uddezya se kiyA jAtA 14. vivAha - saMskAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana janasamudAya ke samakSa strI evaM puruSa ko vaivAhika sambandha se jor3anA hai, kyoMki janasAmAnya ke samakSa kie jAne vAle vaivAhika sambandha se vyakti nindA kA pAtra nahIM banatA hai tathA vaha sambandha sabako mAnya bhI hotA hai| AcAradinakara meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "yaha vaivAhika-karma vyaktiyoM ke samakSa isalie kiyA jAtA hai ki nindA, Adi se bacA jA sake, sAtha hI vaha yaunasambandha vihita mAnA jA sake""", kyoMki vivAha ke abhAva meM sthApita yaunasambandha loka meM pApAcAra mAne jAte haiM tathA unake isa sambandha se prApta santAna ko mAnyatA prApta nahIM hotI hai, ataH unake madhya yaunasambandha kI puSTi karane ke uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara evaM vaidika - paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra kA uddezya strI evaM puruSa ke madhya yaunasambandha sthApita karanA hI hai| 15. vratAropaNa - saMskAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana bAlaka ke jIvana ko dharmamaya banAnA hai| vyakti cAhe kitanA hI yaza, vaibhava, vidyA, Adi prApta kara le, kintu jaba taka vaha dharma-AcaraNa nahIM karatA hai, kucha tyAga tapa nahIM karatA hai, taba taka usakA jIvana vyartha hai, kyoMki usakI ye sArI upalabdhiyA~ use mAtra bhautika sukha pradAna kara sakatI haiM, ve use mokSasukha pradAna karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| jaisA ki AcAradinakara meM bhI kahA gayA hai- " jisane saba kalA sIkhI ho, kintu dharmakalA na sIkhI ho, to usake lie saba kalAe~ vyartha haiN|"2 ataH isa saMskAra kA prayojana vyakti ko dharmakalA kA jJAna pradAna karanA hai| digambara - paramparA meM vratAvataraNa - saMskAra kA prayojana vyakti ko jinendradeva evaM guru kI sAkSI meM madhu, mAMsa, madya tathA hiMsAdi 51 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 360, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 52 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-pandrahavAM, pR. 42, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 39

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sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI ke pA~ca sthUla pApoM ke AjIvana tyAga kA saMkalpa karavAnA hai|53 vaidika-paramparA meM hameM vratAropaNa-saMskAra kI bhA~ti kisI saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 16. antya-saMskAra AcAradinakara ke anusAra "antya-saMskAra, arthAt sallekhanA kA grahaNa AtmazAnti evaM antima samaya meM zubhadhyAna ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki antima samaya meM jIva kI jaisI mati hotI hai, usakI gati (parabhava) vaisI hI hotI hai|"50 zava kI dahanakriyA deha-saMskAra ke prayojana se kI jAtI hai| zava kI deha para jo vastrAdi DAle jAte haiM, ve use saMskAra ke yogya banAne ke lie haiN| isa prakAra kI antyakriyAe~ tathA tanimitta kI jAne vAlI snAtrapUjAe Adi mRtAtmA ke zubhayoni kI prApti, usakI sanAthatA ke AkhyApana evaM puNya kA saMcaya karane ke uddezya se kI jAtI hai|" digambara-paramparA meM zrAvaka ke lie to isa saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| hA~, use antima samaya meM muni-dIkSA pradAna karake saMlekhanA-vidhi avazya karavAI jAtI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra mRtadeha kI antima kriyA karane ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| 17. brahmacaryavrata-saMskAra AcAradinakara ke anusAra "brahmacaryavrata kA grahaNa kAma-bhogoM se virakti ke abhyAsa hetu evaM AtmasaMyama ke parIkSaNArtha kiyA jAtA hai| brahmacaryavrata sabhI vratoM kA mUla hai| brahmacaryavrata ke bhagna hone se anya sabhI vratoM kA pAlana bhI nirarthaka ho jAtA hai, kyoMki karmoM ke Asrava kA nirodha nahIM hotA hai| vyakti aindrika-viSayoM meM gRddha banA rahatA hai tathA saMbhoga kI kriyA meM strI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| strI parigraharUpa hotI hai| punaH, strI ke sAtha maithunakriyA bhI Arambha kA hetu hai| Arambha jIvoM kI hiMsA kA sUcaka hai| punaH, saMbhogakriyA meM aneka mAnava-jIvoM, arthAt samUrchima manuSyoM kA ghAta hotA hai, ataH maithuna sabhI pApakarmoM kA mUla-mArga hai, isIlie usase virata honA Avazyaka hai|"5 isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA mUla uddezya vyakti ko aindrika-viSayoM se virakta karanA hai| vaidika-paramparA evaM digambara-paramparA meM yadyapi ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu vahA~ bhI brahmacaryavrata kA prayojana kAma-bhogoM se virakti hI 53 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atAlIsavA~, pR.-250, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 54 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. " AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 18. kSullaka - vidhi AcAradinakara ke anusAra " isa saMskAra kA prayojana pravrajyA se pUrva vyakti kI yogyatA kA parIkSaNa karanA hai / 6 kisI bhI niyama ko AjIvana hetu grahaNa karate samaya usakA pUrva parIkSaNa kiyA jAnA atyanta Avazyaka hai / vyavahAra meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki jaba hama maTakI kharIdane jAte haiM, to use dasa bAra Thoka kara, TakorA dekara lete haiN| isa taraha yaha jAnane kA prayatna karate haiM ki yaha maTakI jala rakhane ke yogya hai yA nahIM, yA kahIM se phUTI huI to nahIM hai| isI prakAra paMcamahAvratoM evaM chaThaveM rAtribhojana - viramaNa - vrata kA AropaNa karane se pUrva usakA isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se parIkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha gRhIta vratoM kA pAlana samyak prakAra se kara pAegA yA nhiiN| digambara - paramparA meM dIkSAdya - kriyA ke rUpa meM yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| vahA~ isa saMskAra kA prayojana pravrajyA se pUrva gRhatyAga karanA hai| vaidika - paramparA meM yadyapi isa saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu vahA~ vAnaprastha nAmaka jo saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, usakI tulanA hama isa saMskAra se kara sakate haiN| 57 16. pravrajyA - vidhi AcAradinakara ke anusAra "isa saMskAra kA prayojana sAmAyika cAritra kA grahaNa karanA hai|"* sAmAyika kA artha hai - samabhAva kI sAdhanA / isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti samabhAva kI sAdhanA karatA hai tathA indriya evaM mana ko bAhyajagat se haTAkara antarajagat meM lagAtA hai, vaha apanI kaSAya - vRttiyoM yA rAgadveSa kA dRSTA banakara unake nirAkaraNa kI sAdhanA karatA hai| isa saMskAra kA prayojana munidIkSA ke yogya vyaktiyoM kA parIkSaNa karanA bhI hai, tAki ve mahAvratoM kA nirvAha samyak prakAra se kara skeN| isake sAtha hI isa saMskAra kA uddezya vyakti ko saba prakAra ke sAMsArika dAyitvoM se mukta karanA bhI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM sanyAsAzrama kA grahaNa bhI kucha inhIM prayojana se abhibhUta hokara kiyA jAtA hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra kA prayojana digambara- munivrata kI dIkSA grahaNa karanA hai| 41 *d AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 57 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- ar3atIsavA~, pR. 253, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 15 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 20. upasthApana-vidhi isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana dIkSita muni ko mahAvratoM kA AropaNa karanA tathA sAdhuoM kI maMDalI meM praveza denA hai| isase pUrva muni mAtra sAmAyika-cAritradhArI hI hotA hai tathA use sAdhuoM kI maMDalI meM praveza bhI nahIM diyA jAtA hai| vaha kAla bhI eka prakAra kA parIkSaNakAla hotA hai| isa saMskAra se yukta hokara hI vaha paMcamahAvratadhArI hokara sAdhuoM kI sapta maMDaliyoM meM praveza kI anumati ko prApta karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, munisaMgha kA sthAyI sadasya banatA hai| isake atirikta isa saMskAra kA prayojana "sAMsArika-vyavahAra kA pUrNataH parityAga kara sAMsArika-jIvana ke vikalpoM kA varjana karanA bhI hai|"60 vaidika evaM digambara-paramparA meM hameM isa saMskAra kA pRthak se ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vahA~ pravrajyA evaM upasthApanA meM aMtara nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| 21. yogodvahana-vidhi ___ yogodvahana-saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana mana, vacana evaM kAyArUpa trividha yogoM kA UrcIkaraNa karanA hai, kyoMki isake binA vyakti na to samyak rUpa se cAritra kA pAlana hI kara sakatA hai aura na hI samyak prakAra se Agama ke vacanoM ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai| ina donoM hI guNoM ke abhAva meM vaha AgamoM ke adhyayana ke ayogya ho jAtA hai| jo ina guNoM se yukta hotA hai, vaha Agama-vAMcana kA adhikArI hotA hai| AcAradinakara meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "zukla cAritra vAle munijana hI vAcanA ke yogya hote haiN|"61 isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se muni mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA nigraha karake AgamoM ke adhyayana karane ke yogya banatA hai| vaidika evaM digambara-paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra ke saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM zAstroM ke adhyayana hetu maunAdhyayanavRttitva-kriyA kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahA~ hameM isa prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA 16 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. ' AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 'AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-254, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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vardhamAnasarikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 22. vAcanAgrahaNa-vidhi isa saMskAra kA prayojana vidhipUrvaka guru se vAcanA grahaNa karanA, arthAt Agama kA adhyayana karanA hai,"63 kyoMki avidhipUrvaka prApta kiyA gayA jJAna kabhI lAbhadAyaka nahIM hotA hai| vidhipUrvaka grahaNa kiyA gayA jJAna hI sadA phaladAyI hotA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se guru ke samakSa vinayAvanata hokara jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai| dUsare, zAbdika-jJAna kI apekSA gurumukha se prApta kiyA gayA anubhavamUlaka jJAna hI vyakti ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka banatA hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana vidhipUrvaka gurumukha se jJAna prApta karanA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM hameM prAyaH isa prakAra ke saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 23. vAcanAnujJA-vidhi ___ AcAradinakara ke anusAra "isa saMskAra kA prayojana yogya muni ko AcAryapada pradAna kie binA vAcanAdAna, arthAt ziSyoM ko adhyayana karAne kI anumati pradAna karanA hai|" isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se muni ko apane Azrita ziSyoM ko zAstrAdhyayana karavAne kA dAyitva sauMpA jAtA hai, cU~ki vyakti ko jaba taka kisI kArya kA dAyitva nahIM sauMpA jAtA hai, taba taka vaha usa kArya ko bhalI prakAra se nahIM kara pAtA hai, ataH vyakti ko dAyitva pradAna karane tathA usase sambandhita adhikAra pradAna karane ke uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI vAcanAcArya kI niyukti isI prayojana se kI jAtI hai| 24. upAdhyAya-padasthApana-vidhi jaina-paramparA meM muniyoM ke lie zAstrAdhyayana ke sAtha hI dvAdazAMgI kA adhyayana karanA bhI eka Avazyaka kriyA hai, lekina dvAdazAMgI kA adhyayana kisake pAsa kiyA jAe? yaha eka mahatvapUrNa viSaya hai| kyoMki jinavacana ke sArabhUta dvAdazAMgI kA samyak jJAna vagaira yogyatA prApta kie koI vyakti nahIM karavA sakatA, isalie dvAdazAMgI kA adhyayana karavAne ke lie kisI yogya muni kI niyukti kI jAnA Avazyaka hai, jo apane Azrita ziSyoM ko anuzAsita karake dvAdazAMgI kA adhyayana karavA ske| isa AvazyakatA kI pUrti hetu yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI upAdhyAya kI niyukti zAstrAdhyayana ke prayojana se kI jAtI hai| vaidika-paramparA ke saMnyAsAzrama meM hameM isa prakAra kI vyavasthA dekhane ko nahIM milatI, vaise unake yahA~ bhI upAdhyAya kA pada hotA hai| 55 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 6 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI vaidika-paramparA meM upAdhyAya kA kArya bhI ziSyoM ko adhyayana karAnA hai, kintu usakA muni yA saMnyAsI honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| 25. AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana kisI yogya muni ko AcArya-pada para niyukta karanA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vAcanAcArya evaM upAdhyAya para mukhyataH ziSyoM ke adhyApana kA dAyitva hotA hai, jabaki AcArya samagra saMgha kA sarvocca prazAsanika adhikArI hotA hai| saMgha kA saMcAlana vahI vyakti kara sakatA hai, jo prabhAvazAlI tathA guNavAn ho, kyoMki jo vyakti prabhAvazAlI evaM guNavAn hotA hai, usI kA prabhAva saMgha yA samAja para par3atA hai| jaisA ki AcAradinakara meM bhI kahA gayA hai"AcArya pada ko dhAraNa karane vAlA muni prabhutvazAlI, jJAnI, tapasvI, sajjana, guNavAn, pratibodha dene meM samartha, vizeSalabdhi ko prApta, kSamAvAn, Adi guNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA tathA prabhAvazAlI honA cAhie, kyoMki isa prakAra ke guNoM se yukta muni kA samAja para prabhAva par3atA hai|"65 isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana yogya muni ko saMgha ke prazAsana kI bAgaDora sauMpanA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra isI prayojana se kiyA jAtA hai| 26. pratimohana-vidhi AcAradinakara ke anusAra "isa saMskAra kA prayojana pUrNarUpa se yogasiddhi; arthAt mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA anuzAsana, nirAgatA, evaM viSayoM kA parityAga karanA hai|"16 isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se mana, vacana, kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko kramazaH niruddha karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| phalataH, eka samaya aisA AtA hai ki vyakti yoga kI siddhi, arthAta apanI ceSTAoM evaM vRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa prApta kara letA hai| isa saMsAra meM AtmalakSyI jIva kA mukhya lakSya AtmasvabhAva ko hI prApta karanA hai aura usa uddezya kI pUrti hetu hI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA ina dvAdaza pratimAoM kA vahana kiyA jAtA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, yadyapi prAcInakAla meM digambara-paramparA meM pratimAvahana kiyA jAtA thaa| AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 66 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pra.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 27. sAdhvI (vratinI) kI dIkSA-vidhi yadyapi sAdhvI kI dIkSA bhI sAdhu ke samAna hI hotI hai, kintu usameM kucha vidhiyA~ aisI hotI haiM, jo dIkSApradAtA AcArya nahIM kara sakate haiM, yathA- vezadAna karanA, coTI lenA, ityaadi| yaha saba kArya variSTha sAdhvI dvArA hI karaNIya hai| isI uddezya se isa saMskAra-vidhi kA pRthak se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM hameM isa saMskAra kA pRthak se koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kyoMki ve striyoM meM mahAvratoM kA AropaNa upacAra se hI mAnate haiM, paramArthataH nhiiN| phira bhI digambara-paramparA meM striyoM kI AryikA-dIkSA hotI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA strI ke lie saMnyAsa kA varjana kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI kucha paramparAoM meM vahA~ bhI striyoM ko saMnyAsa diyA jAtA hai| 28. pravartinI-padasthApana-vidhi sAdhvI-saMgha kA samyak prarvatana karane ke uddezya se pravartinI-padasthApana kI vidhi kI jAtI hai| isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana sAdhvI-samudAya ko vAcanA pradAna karane tathA unakA pravartana karane hetu yogya sAdhvI ko isa pada para sthApita karanA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra ke kisI saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 26. mahattarA-padasthApana-vidhi isa saMskAra kA prayojana AcArya-pada kI bhA~ti hI sAdhviyoM meM kisI yogya sAdhvI ko mahattarA-pada para niyukta karanA hai| yadyapi mahattarA-pada para virAjita sAdhvI ko zramaNI saMgha (sAdhvI-samudAya) ke prazAsana kA pUrNa adhikAra hotA hai, kintu mahattarA hone ke bAvajUda bhI kucha kArya aise hote haiM, jo unake lie niSiddha hote haiM, yathA- sAdhviyoM ko upasthApanArUpa bar3I dIkSA denA, pravartinIpada pradAna karanA, ityaadi| ina kAryoM ko chor3akara sAdhvI-saMgha ke zeSa prazAsanika adhikAra dene ke uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI mahattarA-pada kI niyukti prAyaH isI uddezya se kI jAtI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa pada kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, kyoMki usa paramparA meM saMnyAsiniyoM kA koI saMgha nahIM hotA hai| mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka, adhyayana, DaoN. phUlacaMdra jaina, adhyAya-5, pR.-433, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1687.

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46 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 30. sAdhu-sAdhvI kI ahorAtri kI caryA-vidhi isa vidhi kA mukhya prayojana sAdhu-sAdhvI kI dina evaM rAtri-caryA kA ullekha karanA hai, "jisase durAgraha na rhe|"56 jIva meM anAdikAla ke jo saMskAra rahe hue haiM, unake phalasvarUpa use jo acchA lagatA hai, usa kArya ko to vaha karatA hai, kintu use jo acchA nahIM lagatA hai, usa kArya kI vaha upekSA karatA hai| sAdhujIvana grahaNa karane ke pazcAt bhI aisA durAgraha na rahe tathA sAdhu apanI dinacaryA ke prati sajaga rahe- isa uddezya se yahA~ sAdhu-sAdhvI kI ahorAtricaryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI ina kriyAoM kA mUla prayojana saMyama-bhAva ko puSTa karanA hI hai| isa prakAra isa vidhi kA prayojana sAdhu-sAdhvI kI dinacaryA ko niyantrita karanA hai| 31. sAdhu-sAdhvI kI RtucaryA-vidhi AcAradinakara ke anusAra "isa vidhi kA prayojana sarva karaNIya evaM akaraNIya kAryoM kA samyak jJAna pradAna karanA hai|"66 rAga, dveSa, Adi kA haraNa karane vAlI vihAra-vidhi tathA viziSTa tapa, sthiravAsa, loca, malamUtrAdi ke utsarga (tyAga) kI vidhi ko jAnane tathA bhASA-samiti ke nirvAha ke lie ye vidhi-vidhAna Avazyaka haiN|" digambara-paramparA meM evaM vaidika-paramparA meM yadyapi isa prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna kA pRthak se koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu ina paramparAoM ke granthoM meM yatra-tatra inase sambandhita kucha ullekha avazya milate haiM, unakA bhI prayojana kaSAya tathA indriyoM kA nigraha karane vAle akaraNIya kAryoM kA varjana karanA evaM pratyeka kriyA kA samyakrUpeNa sampAdana karanA hai| 32. antima saMlekhanA-vidhi isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana muni ko jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM ArAdhanA karavAnA hai| isameM "sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko kSamAyAcanA, AlocanA, Adi kA jo vidhi-vidhAna batAyA gayA hai- usakA prayojana karma, kaSAya, Adi kSaya karanA tathA antima samaya meM zubha dhyAna, Adi kI prApti karavAnA hai| sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM dvArA muni ke zava kI jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, vaha unakI sanAthatA ke AkhyApana hetu tathA unakA punaH janma na ho- isa uddezya se kI jAtI hai|" 56AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. * AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana digambara-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMlekhanA-vidhi antima samaya kI ArAdhanA hetu hI kI jAtI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa vidhi kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 33. pratiSThA-vidhi ___ AcAradinakara ke anusAra- "isa saMskAra kA prayojana pASANa, kASTha evaM ratnAdi se nirmita devapratimA Adi meM maMtrAdi dvArA devatva kA praveza karavAnA hai|"1 divyazakti ke saMcaraNa ke abhAva meM pratimA logoM ko apanI tarapha AkarSita nahIM karatI hai, ataH usameM AkarSaNa-zakti paidA karane tathA usake prabhAva meM vRddhi karane ke uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| "pratiSThA-vidhi meM snAtra-vidhi se paramAtmA kI jo pUjA kI jAtI hai, vaha zubhadhyAna tathA janmakalyANaka kI prAcIna paramparA ke nirvAha hetu kI jAtI hai| isa prakAra pratiSThA-vidhi se sambandhita kriyAoM kA bhI kucha-na-kucha prayojana hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI pratiSThA kI vidhi pASANa kI pratimA meM devatva ke praveza ke uddezya se hI kI jAtI hai| 34. zAntika-karma ___jaisA ki isake nAma se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai, isa saMskAra kA prayojana zAnti sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna karanA hai| vyakti koI bhI zubha kArya prArambha karatA hai, to usa kArya meM aneka vighna Ate haiM, jo usa kArya kI siddhi meM bAdhaka hote haiN| una vighnoM kA nivAraNa karane hetu zAntikakarma-vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH, digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra isI uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| 35. pauSTika-karma isa saMskAra kA bhI mukhya prayojana kArya kI siddhi karavAnA hai| kisI bhI kArya ke Arambha meM pauSTika-karma kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai, jisase kArya puSTatA ko prApta kre| yaha kriyAvidhi puSTi-karma (pauSTika-karma) kahalAtI hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha vidhi-vidhAna isI prayojana se kiyA jAtA hai| " AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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48 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI 36. bali-karma saMskAra kA pratyeka vyakti yahI cAhatA hai ki use hamezA sukha kI hI prApti ho, kabhI duHkha kI prApti na ho| isake lie vaha aneka devI-devatAoM kI pUjA karatA hai, unheM phala, naivedya Adi car3hAkara prasanna karatA hai, jisase kI hamezA usakA maMgala hI ho tathA use kisI prakAra kA koI kaSTa na ho- isa prakAra balikarma-saMskAra kA prayojana devI-devatAoM ko saMtuSTa karake maMgala kI prApti karanA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha vidhAna isI uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| 37. prAyazcitta-vidhi isa saMskAra kA prayojana antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi karanA hai| isa saMsAra meM Ane ke bAda jIva jAne yA anajAne meM aneka aise kArya kara jAtA hai, jo karma-bandha ke hetu bana jAte haiM, isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se una karmoM ko kSaya karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| karmoM kA kSaya kie binA jIva unake dAruNa pariNAma se nahIM baca sakatA hai, ataH karmoM kA kSaya karane ke uddezya se tathA apane antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi hetu yaha vidhi kI jAtI hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha kriyA Antarika-zuddhi hetu kI jAtI hai| 38. Avazyaka-vidhi- . Avazyaka-vidhi kA prayojana sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM dvArA avazya karaNIya kRtyoM kA varNana karanA hai| pratyeka sAdhu evaM vratadhArI zrAvaka ke lie pratidina SaDAvazyaka kI kriyA karanA Avazyaka hai, ve SaDAvazyaka ye haiM-(1) sAmAyika (2) caturviMzatistava (3) vaMdana (4) pratikramaNa (5) kAyotsarga evaM (6) prtyaakhyaan| Agama-sUtroM meM ina SaDAvazyakoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ye SaDAvazyaka kisa vidhi se kie jAeM- usakI vidhi kA pratipAdana isa prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI Avazyaka-vidhi kA yahI prayojana hai| vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra kI vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 36. tapa-vidhi isa vidhi kA prayojana karmoM kI nirjarA karane meM sahAyabhUta cha: prakAra ke bAhya-tapoM kA nirUpaNa karanA hai| karmoM kI nirjarA karane hetu tapa eka mAdhyama 73 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai| jaisA ki tattvArthasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "tapasA nirjarA ca"74, arthAta tapa karane se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| AcAradinakara meM bhI kahA gayA hai- "cha: prakAra ke bAhya-tapoM ke karane se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai, kintu samajhapUrvaka kI gaI tapasyA hI mokSa kA kAraNa banatI hai| ajJAnatA meM evaM avidhi se kiyA gayA tapa karmabaMdha kA hetu bana jAtA hai, ataH kauna-sA tapa kisa prakAra kiyA jAnA cAhie, tathA kauna-se tapa kA kyA prabhAva hai, isa viSaya kA vivecana isa prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparAoM meM bhI tapa kA vidhAna karmoM kI nirjarA karane hetu batAyA gayA hai| 40. padAropaNa-vidhi - isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana yogya vyaktiyoM ko unase sambandhita yogya padoM para sthApita karanA hai| yogya vyakti hI apane AzritoM ko sahI nirdeza de sakatA hai tathA unakA pAlana-poSaNa kara sakatA hai, svAmI yA prazAsaka agara acchA hogA, to usake adhInastha bhI sAmAnyataH acche hoMge jaisA ki kahA gayA hai- "yathA rAjA, tathA prajA", arthAt jaisA rAjA hotA hai, vaisI hI usakI prajA hotI hai, ataH kisI samAja kI suvyavasthA hetu yogya padoM para yogya vyaktiyoM kA cayana kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcAradinakara meM varNita cAlIsa saMskAroM yA vidhi-vidhAnoM kA eka prayojana hai aura unhIM prayojanoM se ye saMskAra kie jAte " tattvArthasUtra, anu.: paM. khUbacandrajI, sUtra-6/3, pR.-381, zeTha maNIlAlarevAzaMkara jagajIvana javerI, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 5 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 6 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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50 adhyAya-2 saMskAroM se sambandhita sAhitya hindU - paramparA kA sAhitya hindU - paramparA ke gRhyasUtroM meM sarvaprathama saMskAroM kA ullekha huA hai, yadyapi ina gRhyasUtroM meM isa zabda kA prayoga mUla artha meM nahI huA hai| isa zabda kA apane mUla artha meM prayoga vAstava meM smRtikAla meM hI huA hai, kintu gRhyasUtroM meM bhI ina saMskAroM se sambandhita ullekhoM ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai ki hindU - paramparA meM saMskAroM kI prAcInakAla se hI paramparA calI A rahI hai aura isa sambandha meM aneka grantha bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki prAcIna granthoM meM ina saMskAroM ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA spaSTa ullekha to nahIM milatA, kintu ina granthoM ke ullekhoM se aisA to pratIta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM saMskAroM ko kie jAne kA vidhAna thaa| jahA~ taka saMskAroM kI saMkhyA ke vistAra evaM niyamoM kA sambandha hai, yaha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai kiM Rgveda, Adi ke sUktoM meM inake vidhi-vidhAna kA nirdeza nahIM hai, kintu unameM prAsaMgika rUpa meM samAviSTa aneka sandarbhoM meM saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise- Rgveda meM vivAha ke prakAroM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai, vidyArthI - jIvana kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| sAmaveda meM hameM ina saMskAroM ke svarUpa meM koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai|" yajurveda meM muNDana - saMskAra kA hI ullekha milatA hai| Rgveda, Adi anya saMhitAoM kI apekSA laukika-dharma tathA dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI jAnakAriyoM kI dRSTi se atharvaveda meM paryApta sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| isameM mAnava jIvana ke pratyeka bhAga se sambaddha mantra milate haiN| isameM vivAha aura antyeSTi-viSayaka sUkta Rgveda kI apekSA adhika vistRta haiN| " "saMkSepa meM atharvaveda meM ina tInoM vedoM kI apekSA 1919 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya -eka, pR. 2, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. 78 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-eka, pR. 4, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 51 saMskAra sambandhI ullekha vistRta rUpa meM milate haiN| vedoM ke pazcAt saMskAroM kA ullekha brAhmaNagranthoM meM bhI milatA hai, jaise- gopathabrAhmaNa meM upanayana kA kucha varNana milatA hai| zatapathabrAhmaNa meM upanayana, godAna, saMskaraNa, antyeSTi, Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra aitareya evaM tANDya-brAhmaNa meM bhI hameM upanayana-saMskAra sambandhI kucha ullekha milate haiN| isI prakAra taittirIya AraNyaka, chAndogya-upaniSad meM bhI hameM vivAha Adi saMskAroM kI AMzika carcA milatI hai| isa prakAra uparyukta prAcIna granthoM meM kucha saMskAroM kI AMzika carcA hI milatI hai| inakI vistRta carcA gRhyasUtroM, dharmasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM milatI hai| jaise- AzvalAyana-gRhyasUtra meM vivAha, garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, cUDAkarma, annaprAzana, upanayana, antyeSTi saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| pAraskara evaM baudhAyana-gRhyasUtra meM uparyukta saMskAroM ke atirikta niSkramaNa (sUrya-candra-darzana-saMskAra) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| vArAha-gRhyasUtra evaM vaikhAnasa-gRhyasUtroM meM bhI jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, Adi saMskAroM kI carcA milatI hai| gautama-dharmasUtra meM garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, caulakarma, upanayana evaM vivAha-saMskAra kA hI varNana milatA hai| smRtiyoM meM saMskAroM kA ullekha hai| manusmRti meM garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, jAtakarma, nAmadheya, niSkramaNa, annaprAzana, cUDAkarma, upanayana, vivAha evaM zmazAna kA ullekha milatA hai| yAjJavalkyasmRti meM bhI inhIM saMskAroM kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra vyAsa, gautamasmRti, Adi meM bhI saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| uparyukta prAcIna granthoM ke atirikta madhyakAlIna granthoM, yathAvIramitrodaya, smRticandrikA, saMskAramayUkha, dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, Adi meM bhI SoDaza saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| - uparyukta sabhI prAcIna evaM arvAcIna granthoM meM ina saMskAroM ke atirikta anya saMskAroM kI bhI carcA milatI hai, kintu yahA~ unhIM saMskAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jinakI carcA AcAradinakara ke gRhastha sambandhI SoDaza saMskAroM meM milatI 76 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-eka, pR.-5, caukhammA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1965. hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-eka, pR.-5, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665.

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sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI hai| yadyapi muni-jIvana ke SoDaza saMskAroM meM varNita kSallaka evaM pravrajyA-vidhi ke samatulya vAnaprastha evaM saMnyAsAzrama kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, kintu kucha vaidika-vidvAnoM ne hI inheM saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA ke prAcIna evaM arvAcIna granthoM, yathA-agnipurANa, matsyapurANa, nRsiMhapurANa, nirNayasiMdhu, pratiSThA-mahodadhi, pratiSThA-mayUkha, sarvadeva-pratiSThA, pratiSThArNava Adi meM pratiSThA-vidhi Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| isI prakArakRtyakalpatarU, zAntimayUkha, viSNudharmottara, bRhadyogayAtrA, Adi meM zAntika, pauSTika-karma kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi prAyazcitta evaM tapa-vidhi kA bhI vaidika-paramparAoM ke granthoM meM ullekha milatA hai, kintu jahA~ taka jJAta hotA hai, pratiSThA evaM zAntika-pauSTika-karma kI bhA~ti inakA svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM prakAzana nahIM huA hai| isa prakAra vaidika-sAhitya meM saMskAra sambandhI pracura sAmagrI milatI hai, jo hamAre isa zodha-prabandha meM vaidika-paramparA se tulanA karane meM sahAyabhUta rhegii| digambara-paramparA kA saMskAroM se sambandhita sAhityamUlAcAra isa kati' kI racanA digambarAcArya vaTakera ne kI hai| isa kRti ko kartA ne bAraha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| yaha eka saMgrahAtmaka kRti hai| isa grantha meM sAmAyika, Adi SaDAvazyakoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isa kRti kA kAla lagabhaga pA~cavIM-chaThavIM zatAbdI hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita SaDAvazyaka, Adi viSayoM ke digambara-paramparA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM yaha grantha bhI upayogI rahA hai| 2. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA isa kRti ke racayitA zivArya haiN| yaha grantha prAkRta-bhASA meM likhA gayA hai, isameM kula gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 2164 hai| yaha grantha ATha paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai, jinameM samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa- ina cAra ArAdhanAoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isa grantha meM sAmAnyatayA munidharma kA tathA vizeSa rUpa meM samAdhimaraNa kA mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvaya : DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSada, prathama saMskaraNa: 1666. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, anu.: paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, bAla bra. zrI hIrAlAla khuzAlacaMda dozI, phalaTaNa vAkharIkara, prathama saMskaraNa 1660

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vivecana hai| isa grantha kA racanAkAla vikrama kI pA~cavI - chaThavIM zatI hai| isa grantha kI samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi kI kucha samarUpatA AcAradinakara se hai / 3. AdipurANa :3 isa grantha e e ke racanAkAra paMcastupAnvaya vIrasena ke ziSya jinasenAcArya haiN| yaha kRi saMskRta bhASA meM gumphita hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAlaM vikrama kI nauvIM zatI hai| yaha grantha 47 parvoM meM vibhAjita hai, jinameM se prArambha ke 42 parva aura taiMtAlisaveM parva ke tIna zloka jinasenAcArya dvArA viracita haiM, zeSa parvoM ke 1620 zloka unake ziSya guNasena dvArA racita haiN| isa grantha ke 47 parvoM meM vibhinna viSayoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, kintu isake 38, 36 evaM 40veM parva meM vizeSa rUpa se saMskAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita saMskAroM kA digambara- paramparA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana hetu yaha grantha atyanta sahAyabhUta rahA hai| digambara - paramparA meM sambhavataH yaha prathama grantha hai, jisameM hameM vistRta rUpa se saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 4. harivaMzapurANa isa kRti ke racanAkAra punnATasaMgha ke AcArya jinasena haiN| yaha mahAkAvya kI zailI para racA gayA hai aura yaha brAhmaNa-purANoM ke anusaraNa para likhA gayA hai| yaha sampUrNa grantha 66 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai, jinakA grantha- parimANa 12 hajAra zloka hai| isa grantha kA racanAkAla zaka saM. 705 tadanusAra vikrama saM. 840, arthAt vikrama kI 6vIM zatI hai| isa grantha kA mukhya viSaya harivaMza meM utpanna hue 22veM tIrthaMkara nemInAtha ke sAtha-sAtha vAsudeva kRSNa ke caritra kA varNana karanA hai| isake kucha sargoM meM hameM kucha saMskAroM, yathA- garbhAdhAna, jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, karNachedana, vidyArambha, upanayana, vivAha, antyeSTi, Adi kA bhI varNana milatA hai| 5. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha kRti AptamImAMsA Adi ke racayitA samantabhadra kI hai, kintu adhikAMza vidvAnoM kA isa sambandha meM matabheda bhI hai| ise 53 83 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.: DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18 iMsTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI ror3a, dillI, sAtavAM saMskaraNa 2000 harivaMzapurANa, anu.: DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya vidyApITha prakAzana, paMcama saMskaraNa 1666 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra : anu.: paM. sadAsukhadAsajI kAsalIvAla, paM. sadAsukha granthamAlA, ajamera, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1667 64 85

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54 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI upAsakAdhyayana bhI kahate haiN| yaha grantha sAta paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| isa grantha meM samyaktvadarzana ke svarUpa evaM lakSaNa kI carcA karate hue zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata, saMlekhanA-vidhi evaM zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla lagabhaga vikrama kI chaThavIM se navIM zatI ke madhya mAnA jAtA hai| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra kI bhA~ti hI anya granthakAroM dvArA racita zrAvakAcAroM ke bhI ullekha milate haiM, yathA- vasunaMdIkRta zrAvakAcAra, amitagatikRta zrAvakAcAra, amRtacandrakRta zrAvakAcAra (puruSArtha-sidyupAya), dharmasaMgraha-zrAvakAcAra, guNabhUSaNakRta zrAvakAcAra, aadi| ina sabhI zrAvakAcAroM kA ullekha zrAvakAcAra-saMgraha, bhAga-1 se 4 taka meM milatA hai| 6. ArAdhanAsAra isa kRti kI racanA devasena ne lagabhaga vi.saM. 660 meM kI thii| isa grantha meM 115 padya haiM tathA isa grantha kI bhASA zaurasenI-prAkRta hai| devasena vimalasena ke ziSya the- aisA ullekha inakI ratnakIrti kI TIkA meM milatA hai| isa grantha meM bhI samAdhi ke svarUpa kI carcA milatI hai| 7. ArAdhanA isa kRti ke racanAkAra mAdhavasena ke ziSya amitagati haiN| yaha zivAryakRta "ArAhaNA" kA prAyaH saMskRta padyAtmaka anuvAda hI hai| isameM bhI hameM samAdhimaraNa sambandhI pracura sAmagrI milatI hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla lagabhaga vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI hai| isa kRti kA ullekha hameM jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa (bhAga-4) meM milatA hai| 8. pratiSThAsAra saMgraha isa kRti ke kartA vasunandi haiN| 700 zloka-parimANa bAlA yaha grantha cha: bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vikrama kI bArahavIM zatI hai| isa grantha meM digambara-paramparA ke anusAra pratiSThA-vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti kA ullekha hameM jaina-sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa (bhAga-4) meM milatA hai| 6. pratiSThAkalpa isa kRti ke kartA mAghanaMdI haiN| nAma ke anurUpa isa grantha meM bhI pratiSThA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vikrama ArAdhanAsAra, anu.: AryikA supArzvamatijI, zrI digambara jaina madhyaloka zodha saMsthAna, sammeta zikharajI, prathama saMskaraNa 2002

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 55 kI 12vIM zatI hai| isa kRti kA ullekha bhI hameM jaina-sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa (bhAga-4) meM milatA hai| 10. pratiSThA-sAroddhAra pratiSThA-sAroddhAra' nAmaka isa grantha kI racanA paNDita AzAdharajI ne saMskRta-bhASA meM (padyAtmaka zailI meM) kI hai| isa grantha kI prastAvanA meM yaha ullekha hai ki vasunaMdi AcAryakRta "pratiSThA sAra saMgraha" ke viSaya kA uddhAra karane ke lie vistAra ke sAtha pratiSThAsAroddhAra nAmaka yaha grantha racA gayA hai| isa kRti kA apara nAma "jinayajJakalpa" hai| isa grantha meM digambara-paramparA ke anusAra hI pratiSThA-vidhi kA vivecana huA hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vikrama kI 13vIM zatI hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita pratiSThA-vidhi se tulanA karane meM yaha grantha bhI atyanta upayogI rahA hai| 11. pratiSThA-pATha isa kRti ke racanAkAra jayasenAcArya haiN| yaha grantha saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| isa grantha meM digambara-paramparA ke anusAra jinabimba, Adi kI pratiSThA-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi antima prazasti meM lekhaka ne apane ko kundakunda kA agraziSya ullekhita kiyA hai, kintu ye kundakunda ke sAkSAt ziSya na hokara paramparA-ziSya hI ho sakate haiN| kundakunda ke samayasAra kI tAtparyavRtti ke TIkAkAra bhI jayasena haiN| unakA kAla terahavIM zatI ke lagabhaga hai| sambhAvanA yahI hai ki pratiSThApATha ke racanAkAra jayasena bhI lagabhaga isI kAla ke pratIta hote haiN| 12. sAgAra evaM anagAra dharmAmRta isa kRti ke kartA paM. AzAdharajI haiN| yaha grantha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| prathama bhAga kA nAma anagAra-dharmAmRta hai aura dUsare bhAga kA nAma sAgAra-dharmAmRta hai| ina donoM vibhAgoM meM digambara-paramparA ke anusAra kramazaH sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM ke AcAradharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vikrama kI terahavIM zatI hai| 65 pratiSThAsAroddhAra, paM. AzAdharajI, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI jaina graMtha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1673 8 pratiSThApATha, jayasenAcArya viracita, seTha hIrAlAla nemacaMda DozI, maMgalavAra peTha, zolApura vI.sa. 2450 "dharmAmRtaanagAra, anu.- paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa 1677 sAgAradharmAmRta, anu.- AryikA supArzvamatI, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvata pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665

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56 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 13. kriyAkoza isa kati' ke racanAkAra kavivara kizanasiMha haiN| yaha zrAvakAcAra kA advitIya grantha hai| isa grantha meM prAyaH zrAvaka hetu AcaraNIya viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jinameM se kucha viSayoM kA ullekha isa zodhaprabandha hetu bhI upayogI rahA hai, jaise- zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAe~, samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi, zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata, kanakAvalI, ratnAvalI, siMha-niSkrIDita, Adi vividha tapoM ke ullekh| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vi.sa.-1784 hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA kA saMskAra evaM vidhividhAna sambandhI sAhitya(i) vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara ke pUrva kA sAhitya 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - uttarAdhyayanasUtra jaina AgamoM kA prathama mUlasUtra mAnA jAtA hai| isakA nAma uttarAdhyayana kyoM par3A? yaha vivAdAspada hai| isa grantha meM 36 adhyAya haiN| isa grantha ke 26veM sAmAcArI nAmaka adhyayana meM hameM muni kI dina evaM rAtri kI caryA kA ullekha milatA hai tathA antima 36veM adhyAya meM saMlekhanA-vidhi-vidhAna kI carcA mukhya rUpa se milatI hai| AcAradinakara meM muni kI dina-rAta kI caryA kA jo ullekha milatA hai, usa hetu yaha AdhArabhUta Agama grantha hai| 2. dazAzrutaskandha - dazAzrutaskandha-sUtra kA dUsarA nAma AcAradazA bhI hai| sthAnAMga-sUtra ke dasaveM sthAna meM isakA AcAradazA ke nAma se ullekha karate hue isameM pratipAdita dasa adhyayanoM-uddezyoM kA nAma ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa sUtra meM varNita kucha viSayoM, yathA-bIsa asamAdhi-sthAnoM, ikkIsa zabaladoSa, teMtIsa AzAtanAe~, upAsaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM, bhikSu kI bAraha pratimAoM, mohanIya-karmabandha-sthAnoM kI carcA prasaMgAnusAra AcAradinakara meM bhI milatI hai| isa rUpa meM yaha ina viSayoM kA AdhArabhUta Agamagrantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| " kriyAkoza, anu.: paM. pannAlAla jaina, zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama sTezana, borIyA, prathama saMskaraNa 1985 "uttarAdhyayanasUtra, madhukaramuni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1661. 6 dazAzrutaskandha, madhukaramuni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 57 3. AvazyakasUtra - AvazyakasUtra AgamoM meM dUsarA mUlasUtra mAnA jAtA hai| isa grantha meM nityakarma ke pratipAdaka Avazyaka kriyAnuSThAnarUpa kartavyoM kA ullekha hai, isalie ise Avazyaka kahA gayA hai| isa sUtra meM chaH adhyAya haiM- (1)sAmAyika (2)caturviMzatistava (3)vaMdana (4)pratikramaNa (5)kAyotsarga evaM (6)prtyaakhyaan| AcAradinakara meM varNita Avazyakavidhi kA prakaraNa prAyaH isI grantha para AdhArita hai| 4. dazavaikAlikasUtra - dazavaikAlikasUtra' jaina-AgamoM kA tIsarA mUlasUtra hai| isa kRti ke racayitA zayyaMbhavasUri haiN| yaha grantha dasa adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai| isake anta meM do cUlikAe~ haiM, jo zayyaMbhavasUri dvArA racita nahIM hai| isa sampUrNa grantha meM muni-AcAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara meM muni-AcAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna ke lie yaha grantha AdhArabhUta rahA hai| 5. oghaniyukti oghaniyukti nAmaka yaha grantha caturtha mUlasUtra ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| isameM sAdhucaryA sambandhI niyama tathA AcAra-vicAra-viSayaka kaI prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna pratipAdita kie gae haiN| isake kartA AcArya bhadrabAhasvAmI haiM, isa niyukti para droNAcArya ne vRtti likhI hai, isameM 811 prAkRta gAthAe~ haiN| isa grantha meM pratilekhanAdvAra, piNDadvAra, upadhi-nirUpaNa, anAyatana-varjana, pratisevanAdvAra, AlocanAdvAra aura vizuddhidvAra, ityAdi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| yaha kRti vi.sa. tIsarI se chaThavIM zatI ke madhya kabhI nirmita huI hogii| yadyapi paramparAgata avadhAraNA yaha hai ki niyuktiyA~ AcArya bhadrabAhu prathama kI racanA hai, kintu upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para yaha avadhAraNA samucita nahIM hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA mAnanA hai ki niyuktiyA~ bhadrabAhu (prathama) kI racanA na hokara tIsarI-cauthI zatI meM hue Aryabhadra kI kRtiyA~ haiN| anya kucha vidvAn niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra ke rUpa meM bhadrabAhu (dvitIya), jo varAhamihira ke bhAI the, ko mAnate haiN| vAstavikatA kevaligamya hai| isameM sAdhvAcAra ke atirikta anya koI vidhi-vidhAna nahIM hai| AvazyakasUtra madhukaramuni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1664. dazavaikAlikasUtra, nathamalamuni, jaina vizva bhAratI, lAMDana, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1674. 6 odhaniyukti, saM.: vijayajinendra sUrIzvara, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhAbAvala zAMtipurI (saurASTra).

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58 6. jItakalpabhASya jItakalpa ke praNetA prasiddha bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (vi.saM. 650 ke AsapAsa) haiN| isa grantha meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke bhinna-bhinna aparAdha-sthAna-viSayaka prAyazcitta kA jItavyavahAra ke AdhAra para nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM kula 103 gAthAe~ haiM, isa grantha meM dasa prakAra ke prAyazcittoM, yathA(1) pratikramaNa ( 2 ) AlocanA (3) ubhaya ( 4 ) viveka (5) vyutsarga ( 6 ) tapa (7) cheda (8) mUla (6) anavasthApya evaM (10) pArAMcika kA ullekha hai / AcAradinakara ke prAyazcitta - vidhi meM bhI hameM prAyazcitta ke inhIM dasa prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| uparyukta Agama-granthoM ke atirikta anya Agama-granthoM meM bhI AcAradinakara meM varNita viSayoM ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu ve mAtra sUcanArUpa haiM, unake viziSTa vidhi-vidhAna una Agama-granthoM meM nahIM haiM, jaise- AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyayana meM hameM samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM kucha ullekha milate haiN| antakRtdazAMga meM hameM kanakAvalI, ratnAvalI, Adi pramukha tapa kI vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| aupapAtikasUtra evaM rAjapraznIyasUtra meM jAtakarma saMskAra, candra-sUrya-darzana, dharmajAgaraNa (SaSThIjAgaraNa), nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, karNavedha, cUlopanayana, garbhAdhAna, Adi saMskAroM ke nAmollekha milate haiN| isI prakAra kalpasUtra meM jAtakarma, sUrya-candra-darzana, SaSThI - saMskAra, zucikarma - saMskAra, nAmakaraNa, Adi saMskAroM ke nAmollekha milate haiN| jJAtAdharmakathA meM jAtakarma, sUrya-candra-darzana, SaSThI - jAgaraNa, nAmakaraNa, Adi saMskAroM ke nAmollekha evaM pravrajyA - vidhi-sambandhI ullekha milate haiN| bRhatkalpasUtra meM sAdhu-sAdhvI ke AcAradharma se sambandhita vidhi-niSedhoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vyavahArasUtra meM muni - AcAra sambandhI vidhiniSedhoM ke sAtha hI AcArya, upAdhyAya, Adi padasthApana sambandhI ullekha bhI milate haiN| sAtha hI nizItha, Adi chedasUtroM meM muni - AcAra meM lagane vAle vibhinna doSoM aura unake prAyazcittoM kA bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| mahAnizIthasUtra meM upadhAna, jinapUjA, Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| inake atirikta prakIrNaka-sAhityoM, ArAdhanAkulaka, AlocanAkulaka, mithyAduSkRtakulaka (prathama evaM dvitIya), AtmavizodhIkulaka, catuHzaraNaprakIrNaka, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, ArAdhanAprakaraNa, maraNavibhakti, saMstArakaprakIrNaka, bhaktaparijJA, Adi meM bhI samAdhimaraNa sambandhI ullekha milate haiN| 67 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI jItakalpasUtra, bhAI zrI babalacaMdra kezavalAla moda, hAjApaTela kI pola, ahamadAbAda.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 7. ArAdhanApatAkA isa kRti ke racanAkAra vIrabhadra haiN| yaha grantha jaina-mahArASTrI meM 660 padyoM meM nibaddha hai| isa grantha kA racanAkAla vi.saM.-1078 hai| isa kRti kA ullekha hameM jaina-sAhitya ke bRhat itihAsa (bhAga-4) meM milatA hai| 8. paMcasUtraka isa kRti ke racanAkAra kauna haiM ?- yaha jAnakArI to hameM upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu yaha sUtra pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| ina pA~ca sUtroM meM eka sUtra pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI vidhi se sambandhita hai| ___ haribhadrasUri ne isa para 880 zloka-parimANa kI eka TIkA likhI hai| inhoMne mUla kRti kA nAma paMcasUtraka likhA hai, jabaki nyAyAcArya yazovijayajI ne ise paMcasUtrI kahA hai| isa para municandrasUri tathA kisI ajJAta lekhaka ne bhI eka-eka avacUri likhI hai| isa kRti kA ullekha hameM jaina-sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa (bhAga-4) meM milatA hai| 6. pratiSThAkalpa bhadrabAhu dvArA viracita pratiSThAkalpa nAma ke isa grantha kA ullekha hameM sakalacandragaNIkRta pratiSThAkalpa ke anta meM milatA hai| nAma ke anurUpa isa kRti meM kartA ne jinabimba kI pratiSThA-vidhi, Adi kA ullekha kiyA hogA, aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| vartamAna meM yaha kRti upalabdha nahIM hai| sambhAvanA yaha hai ki yaha kRti varAhamihira ke bhAI bhadrabAhu kI ho sakatI hai, jinakA kAla sAtavIM zatI hai| ___isI nAma se sambandhita anya kRtiyA~ bhI hameM milatI haiM, yathArudrapallIgacchIya haribhadrasUriviracita pratiSThAkalpa (vi.saM.-1510) kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandrasUriviracita pratiSThAkalpa, guNaratnAkarasUri viracita pratiSThAkalpa (vi.sa. kI pandrahavIM zatI), kintu hameM ye sabhI kRtiyA~ upalabdha nahIM ho pAIM, ataH inake sambandha meM adhika kucha kahanA sambhava nahIM hai| ina saba kRtiyoM kA ullekha hameM jaina-sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa (bhAga-4) meM milatA hai| 10. paMcAzaka-prakaraNa AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yaha kRti mahArASTrI-prAkRta meM nibaddha hai| isa kRti meM unnIsa paMcAzaka saMgRhIta haiM, jisameM dUsare meM 44 aura satrahaveM meM 52 paMcAzaka prakaraNa, anu. DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1667 .

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60 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI tathA zeSa meM 50-50 padya haiN| yaha vidhi vidhAna saMbaMdhI viSayoM kA maulika grantha hai| isa grantha meM gRhastha dvArA, sAdhu dvArA evaM gRhastha tathA sAdhu - donoM dvArA AcaraNIya vidhi-vidhAna ullekhita haiN| isa grantha kA racanAkAla AThavIM zatAbdI hai| jaina AcAra evaM karmakANDa ke sandarbha meM yaha grantha eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| prastuta kRti meM varNita unnIsa paMcAzakoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM pahale paMcAzaka meM zrAvakadharma ko grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA ullekha hai| dUsare paMcAzaka me jinadIkSA grahaNa karane kI vidhi prajJapta hai| tIsare paMcAzaka meM caityavaMdana karane kI vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai| cauthe paMcAzaka meM pUjA karane kI vidhi darzita kI gaI hai| pA~caveM paMcAzaka meM pratyAkhyAna kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| chaThaveM paMcAzaka meM stavana kI vidhi nirdiSTa kI gaI hai| sAtaveM paMcAzaka meM jinabhavana-nirmANa-vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| AThaveM paMcAzaka meM jinabimba - pratiSThA kI vidhi prastuta kI gaI hai| nauveM paMcAzaka meM yAtrA karane kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| dasaveM paMcAzaka meM upAsaka - pratimA - vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai| gyArahaveM paMcAzaka meM sAdhudharma - vidhi kA ullekha hai| bArahaveM paMcAzaka meM sAdhu- sAmAcArI kI vidhi nirUpita hai| terahaveM paMcAzaka meM piNDavidhAna - vidhi nirdiSTa hai| caudahaveM paMcAzaka meM zIlAMgavidhAna - vidhi kA pratipAdana hai| pandrahaveM paMcAzaka meM AlocanA - vidhi kA prastutikaraNa hai| solahaveM paMcAzaka meM prAyazcitta - vidhi kA varNana hai / satrahaveM paMcAzaka meM kalpavidhi kA ullekha hai| aThArahaveM paMcAzaka meM bhikSupratimA - kalpa-vidhi kA varNana hai| unnIsaveM paMcAzaka meM tapa - vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana TIkAe~ ___ abhayadevasUri ne vi.saM.-1124 meM eka vRtti likhI hai| haribhadrasUri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai- aisA jinaratnakoza (pR.-231) meM ullekha hai| isa para eka ajJAta TIkA bhI hai| vIragaNi ke ziSya zrI candrasUri ke ziSya yazodeva ne bhI pahale paMcAzaka para jaina-mahArASTrI meM vi.saM.-1172 meM eka cUrNi likhI thI, jisameM prArambha meM tIna padya aura anta meM prazasti ke cAra padya haiM, zeSa grantha gadya meM hai| isa cUrNi meM sAmAcArI ke viSayoM kA aneka bAra ullekha huA hai| maNDanAtmaka zailI meM racita hone ke kAraNa isameM "tulAdaNDa nyAya" kA ullekha bhI hai| paMcavastuka grantha paMcavastuka nAmaka yaha kRti AcArya haribhadrasUri kI hai| yaha kRti jaina-mahArASTrI prAkRta-bhASA meM gumphita hai| isameM kula 1714 padya haiN| isa kRti kA racanAkAla paramparAgata dhAraNA ke anusAra chaThavIM zatI kA uttarArddha hai, kintu vidvajjana isa kRti kA racanAkAla AThavIM zatI kA uttarArddha mAnate haiN| jaisA ki isa grantha ke nAma se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa grantha meM pA~ca vastuoM, arthAt muni-jIvana se sambandhita pA~ca kriyAoM kA vivecana hai| isa grantha meM zramaNa jIvana ke janma (dIkSA) se lekara kAladharma (saMlekhanA) taka kI samagra carcA kA pA~ca adhikAroM meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ___yaha grantha vizeSa rUpa se jainamuni-AcAra se sambandhita hai| granthakAra ne ise nimna pA~ca adhikAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai(prathama) pravrajyA-adhikAra isa adhikAra ke antargata 228 padya haiN| isa adhikAra meM dIkSA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna die gae haiN| (dvitIya) dainikacaryA-adhikAra isa nityakriyA sambandhI adhikAra meM 381 padya haiN| yaha adhikAra munijIvana ke dainika kriyAkalApoM sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kI carcA karatA hai| paMcavastuka graMtha : anu.: rAjazekhara sUrizvarajI, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, hindustAna milsa sTorsa 481, ganI apArTameMTa, muMbaI-AgarA ror3a, bhivaMDI, dvitIya AvRtti.

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sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI (tRtIya ) upasthApanA-vidhi-adhikAra prastuta mahAvratAropaNa-vidhi meM 321 padya haiN| isa adhikAra meM bar3I dIkSA, arthAt mahAvratAropaNa-vidhi, Adi kA vivecana huA hai| (caturtha) anuyoga-gaNAnujJA-vidhi-adhikAra isa adhikAra meM 434 gAthAe~ haiM, jinameM mukhyataH AcArya-padasthApanA, gaNa-anujJA, ziSyoM ke adhyayana, Adi sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kI carcA hai| (paMcama) saMlekhanA-vidhi-adhikAra isa adhikAra meM saMlekhanA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna die gae haiN| isameM 350 gAthAe~ haiN| saMlekhanA ke atirikta isa adhikAra meM muni-AcAra sambandhI anya viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| anta meM grantha-racanA kA hetu evaM gAthAoM kA parimANa batAte hue grantha kI pUrNAhuti kI gaI hai| paMcavastuka-TIkA isa kRti kI 5050 zloka-parimANa 'ziSyahitA' nAmaka svopajJaTIkA bhI milatI hai| nyAyAcArya yazovijayajI ne mArgavizuddhi nAma kI kRti paMcavatthuka ke AdhAra para likhI hai| unhoMne pratimAzataka ke zloka 67 kI svopajJaTIkA meM thayapariNNA ko uddhRta karake usakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| zrAvaka-prajJapti yaha kRti jaina-mahArASTrI meM racita hai| 405 kArikA kI yaha kRti prazamarati Adi ke racayitA umAsvAtI kI hai- aisA kaI hastalikhita pratiyoM ke anta meM ullekha AtA hai, kintu vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha haribhadrasUri kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai| yaha bAta paMcAzaka kI abhayadevasUrikRta vRtti, lAvaNyasUrikRta dravyasaptati, Adi ke ullekhoM se jJAta hotI hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vikrama kI AThavIM zatI hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| isameM zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata tathA zrAvaka kI sAmAcArI kA ullekha hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita vratAropaNa-saMskAra sambandhI kucha viSayoM kI carcA hameM isa grantha meM milatI hai| isa kRti kA ullekha hameM jaina-sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa (bhAga-4) meM milatA hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 63 yatidinakRtya yaha haribhadrasUri kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai| isameM zramaNoM kI dainandika pravRttiyoM ke viSayoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vikrama kI AThavIM zatI hai| AcAradinakara meM bhI sAdhu-dinacaryA sambandhI eka prakaraNa hai, jisakI viSayavastu kA AdhAra yaha grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa kRti kA bhI ullekha hameM jaina-sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa meM milatA hai| nirvANakalikA isa grantha0deg ke kartA zrIpAdaliptasUri haiN| DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina ke anusAra ye pAdaliptasUri AryarakSita (dvitIya zatI) ke samakAlIna evaM unake mAmA pAdaliptasUri se bhinna haiN| ye sambhavataH dasavIM, gyArahavIM zatI ke AcArya haiN| yaha kRti saMskRta-gadya meM hai aura ikkIsa prakaraNoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM mukhya rUpa se pratiSThA-vidhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| haribhadra ke SoDazaka, paMcAzaka, Adi granthoM ke bAda meM vidhi-vidhAna se sambandhita sAmagrI hameM isI grantha meM milatI hai| nirvANakalikA kI viSayavastu kA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai isa grantha ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa, viSaya-nirUpaNa evaM grantha-prayojana hetu do zloka die gae haiN| tatpazcAt prathama prakaraNa meM nityakarma kI vidhi sambandhI carcA kI hai| usameM dehazuddhi, dvArapUjA, pUjAgRha meM praveza karane kI vidhi, karanyAsa, bhUtazuddhi, mAntrika-snAna, jinapUjA, gurupUjA, caturmukha siMhAsana-pUjA, arhat evaM siddha paramAtmA kI mUrti ke nyAsa kI vidhi, AhvAnAdi kI vidhi, devasnAnAdi kI vidhi, paMcaparameSThI-yaMtra kI pUjA-vidhi, AratI, maMgala dIpaka, tIna prakAra ke jApa, gRhadevatA kI pUjA, balipradAna, Adi ke vidhAna nirdiSTa haiN| dUsare prakaraNa meM "dIkSAvidhi" kA pratipAdana hai| isameM gRhastha kI mAMtrika dIkSA kA, sarvatobhadramaNDala kA aura aSTasamayAdi dhAraNa kA vidhAna batAyA gayA tIsare prakaraNa meM AcAryapadAbhiSeka kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| isa prakaraNa meM maNDapasvarUpa kA, vaidikAsvarUpa kA, ATha prakAra ke kumbha kA, ATha prakAra ke zaMkha 100 nirvANakalikA, pAdaliptasUrikRta, mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa javerI, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI kA, anuyoga kI anujJA hetu nandIpATha kA zravaNa, AcAryapadasthApanA ke samaya rAjA ke cihna-vizeSa, zivikA, Adi kA varNana huA hai| cauthe prakaraNa meM jinacaitya kA nirmANa karane ke lie bhUmi kI parIkSA-vidhi kA ullekha hai| pAMcaveM prakaraNa meM zilAnyAsa kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| chaThaveM prakaraNa meM pratiSThA-vidhi kA ullekha hai| isameM zilpI, indra evaM AcArya ke guNoM kA varNana bhI hai, sAtha hI adhivAsanAmaNDapa, snAnamaNDapa, toraNa-patAkAdimaNDapa kI alaMkaraNa-sAmagrI kA varNana hai| sAtaveM prakaraNa meM pAdapITha kI pratiSThA-vidhi hai| AThaveM prakaraNa meM jinacaitya ke mukhya dvAra kI pratiSThA-vidhi kA varNana nauveM prakaraNa meM jinabimba kI pratiSThA-vidhi kA ullekha hai| isameM kSetrazuddhi, AtmarakSA, bhUtabali, abhimaMtraNa, sakalIkaraNa, digbandhana, bimbasnapana, nandyAvarttamaNDala Alekhana evaM pUjana, sahaja guNa-sthApana, adhivAsanA, aMjanazalAkA, jinabimba kI pratiSThA, pratiSThAdevatA kA kAyotsarga, Adi vividha vidhi-vidhAna nirUpita hue haiN| isake atirikta isameM lepyamaya pratimA kI pratiSThA-vidhi evaM ambikAdi devI-devatAoM kI pratiSThA-vidhi bhI alaga se batAI gaI hai| dasaveM prakaraNa meM hRtpratiSThA kI vidhi nirUpita hai| gyArahaveM prakaraNa meM cUlikA kI pratiSThA-vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA to bArahaveM prakaraNa meM kalaza, dhvajA aura dharmacakra kI pratiSThAvidhi ullekhita the terahaveM prakaraNa meM jIrNoddhAra kI vidhi kA varNana hai| caudahavA~ prakaraNa pratiSThA-upayogI mudrAvidhi se sambandhita hai| pandrahaveM prakaraNa meM prAyazcitta-vidhi batAI gaI hai| solaha se unnIsa prakaraNoM meM arhadAdi kA varNAdi-krama kahA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI ina prakaraNoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI janmarAzi, janmanakSatra, Adi kA varNana

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tathA yakSa-yakSiNI, zrutadevatA, solaha vidyAdeviyoM, dasa dikpAla, navagraha evaM brahmazAnti-yakSa, Adi ke svarUpa evaM AyudhAdi kA varNana hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM kevala mandira, mUrtipUjA, Adi vidhi-vidhAna ko lakSya meM rakhakara likhA jAne vAlA yaha prathama grantha hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA - isa kRti " ke racanAkAra buddhisAgarasUri ke ziSya jinacandrasUri haiN| isa grantha kA zloka - parimANa 10054 hai / isa kRti kA racanAkAla bArahavIM zatI kA prArambha (vi.sa. - 1125) hai / isa grantha meM samAdhimaraNa kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI samAdhimaraNa sambandhI sthAnaka bhI die gae haiN| samAdhimaraNa sambandhI tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM yaha grantha bhI upayogI hai| yatijItakalpa isa kRti ke racanAkAra dharmaghoSasUri ke ziSya aura 28 yamakastuti ke praNetA somaprabhasUri haiN| isameM 306 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM zramaNoM ke AcAra kA nirUpaNa hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla sambhavataH 13vIM zatI se pUrva rahA hogA, kyoMki devasundarasUri ke ziSya sAdhurana ne vi.sa. 1356 meM isa para vRtti likhI thI, jo ki 5700 zloka parimANa hai| isa kRti kA ullekha hameM jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa ( bhAga - 4 ) meM milatA hai / pravacana - sAroddhAra - 909 102 isa kRti ' ke racanAkAra devabhadra ke ziSya siddhasenasUri haiN| yaha grantha mahArASTrI - prAkRta bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| isa kRti kA kAla vikrama kI 13vIM zatI hai| isa grantha meM 1566 padya haiM tathA isake 276 dvAroM meM vibhinna viSayoM ke sAtha-sAtha AcAradinakara meM varNita kucha vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM viSayoM kA bhI vivecana huA hai; yathA - caityavaMdana, vandanaka, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke upakaraNoM kI saMkhyA, dasa prakAra ke prAyazcitta, dIkSA ke ayogya puruSoM, striyoM evaM napuMsakoM kI saMkhyA, zrAvakoM kI gyAraha pratimAe~, Arya-anArya dezoM ke g2amollekha, aadi| isa prakAra AcAradinakara meM varNita kucha vidhiyoM kI AMzika carcA hameM isa grantha meM bhI milatI hai| 102 65 saMvegaraMgazAlA, jinacandrasUrikRta, saM.: muni hemendravijaya, paNDita bAbUbhAI savacaMda 655 /a, manasukhabhAI pola, kAlupura, ahamadAbAda. pravacana sAroddhAra, anu. - hemaprabhAzrIjI, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1666.

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66 subodhA-sAmAcArI subodhA - sAmAcArI' nAmaka yaha kRti jaina - mahArASTrI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| yaha kRti mukhyatayA gadya meM hai| isa grantha ke racanAkAra zrIcandrasUri zIlaprabhasUri ke praziSya dhanezvarasUri ke ziSya haiN| inake dvArA racita munisuvratasvAmI - caritra, Adi kRtiyoM ke bhI ullekha milate haiN| prastuta kRti kA grantha- parimANa 1386 zloka hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla lagabhaga 13vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha hai| isa grantha ko racanAkAra ne nimna bIsa dvAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai pahale dvAra meM samyaktvavrata grahaNa karane kI vidhi varNita hai| dUsare dvAra meM parigraha-parimANa - vidhi evaM SaNmAsika-sAmAyika grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| tIsare dvAra meM darzanAdi cAra pratimAoM ko svIkAra karane kI vidhi nirdiSTa kI gaI hai| 103 cauthe dvAra meM upadhAna- tapa kI vidhi evaM upadhAna- prakaraNa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| pAMcaveM dvAra meM mAlAropaNa ( upadhAna - tapavAhI dvArA mAlA pahanane evaM pahanAne kI vidhi varNita hai| gaI hai| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI chaThaveM dvAra meM indriyajayAdi vividha prakAra kI tapa-vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM dvAra meM sAdhu dvArA karane yogya aMtima ArAdhanA-vidhi varNana hai| 103 nauveM dvAra meM pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI vidhi nirdiSTa hai| dasaveM dvAra meM upasthApanA kI vidhi prajJapta hai| gyArahaveM dvAra meM lUMcana karane kI vidhi nirUpita hai| AThaveM dvAra meM zrAvaka dvArA kI jAne yogya antima ArAdhanA prastuta subodhA sAmAcArI, candrasUrikRta, zreSThi devacandra lAlabhAI, jaina pustakodvAra, baoNmbe, vi.sa.- 1680. -vidhi kA kI

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bArahaveM dvAra meM pratikramaNa karane kI vidhi aMkita hai| terahaveM dvAra meM AcArya-padasthApana kI vidhi ullekhita hai| caudahaveM dvAra meM upAdhyAya-padasthApana kI vidhi varNita hai| pandrahaveM dvAra meM mahattarApada para sthApita karane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| solahaveM dvAra meM gaNAnujJA kI vidhi dI gaI hai| satrahaveM dvAra meM yoga kI vidhi kA varNana hai| aThArahaveM dvAra meM acittasaMyata (mRtadeha) pariSThApanA-vidhi kA ullekha hai| unnIsaveM dvAra meM pauSadhavrata grahaNa karane kI vidhi evaM samyaktvAdi kI mahimA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| bIsaveM dvAra meM jinabiMba kI pratiSThA-vidhi, dhvajAropaNa kI vidhi evaM kalazAropaNa kI vidhi nirUpita hai| sAmAcArI-prakaraNa - sAmAcArI-prakaraNa nAmaka yaha kRti prAkRta evaM saMskRta mizrita gadya meM gumphita hai| yaha racanA kisI ajJAta prAcIna AcArya dvArA nirmita hai| yaha grantha 1167 zloka-parimANa hai| ___ isa grantha ke sampUrNa viSaya ko 21 dvAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| prastuta kRti ke 21 dvAroM kA viSayAnukrama yaha hai pahalA dvAra- samyaktva-vrata kI AropaNa-vidhi se sambandhita hai| dUsarA dvAra- dezavirati-vrata kI AropaNa-vidhi kI vivecanA karatA hai| tIsarA dvAra- darzanAdi cAra pratimAoM ko grahaNa karane kI vidhi se yukta cauthA dvAra- tapa-svarUpa kI vidhi kA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| pAMcavA~ dvAra- pratikramaNAdi kI vidhi kA pratipAdana karatA hai| chaThavA~ dvAra- pauSadha grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| sAtavA~ dvAra- pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA vivecana karatA hai| AThavA~ dvAra- upasthApanA kI vidhi se yukta hai|

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889 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI navA~ dvAra- kAla grahaNa karane kI vidhi kI vivecanA se samanvita hai| dasavA~ dvAra - yogavahana kI tapa - vidhi kA varNana karatA hai| gyArahavA~ dvAra- AcAryapada kI sthApanAvidhi kA ullekha karatA hai| bArahavA~ dvAra- upAdhyAyapada kI sthApanAvidhi se sambandhita hai| terahavA~ dvAra - pravarttakapada kI sthApanAvidhi kI pratipAdanA karatA hai / caudahavA~ dvAra - sthavirapada kI sthApanAvidhi kI carcA karatA hai / pandrahavA~ dvAra- gaNAvacchedakapada kI sthApanAvidhi kA pratipAdana karatA hai| solahavA~ dvAra - mahattarApada kI sthApanAvidhi se samanvita hai| satrahavA~ dvAra- pravartinIpada kI sthApanAvidhi ko prastuta karatA hai / aThArahavA~ dvAra - vAcanAcAryapada kI sthApanAvidhi kA nirUpaNa karatA hai / unnIsavA~ dvAra- aMtima samaya kI ArAdhanAvidhi ko prakaTa karatA hai| bIsavA~ dvAra- acittasaMyata - mahApariSThApanA kI vidhi kA ullekha karatA hai / ikkIsavA~ dvAra - jinabimba kI pratiSThAvidhi ko nirdiSTa karatA hai / grantha- samApti ke pazcAt pariziSTa ke rUpa meM yogavidhi se sambandhita yaMtrAdi kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isake sAtha hI nIvi saMbaMdhI kalpyAkalpya - vidhi, yogavidhAna meM prayukta hone vAlI stutiyA~, tIsa nIviyAtA, asvAdhyAya kI vidhi, Adi kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| yaha kRti aprakAzita hai| sAmAcArI-saMgraha 68 sAmAcArI-saMgraha nAmaka yaha grantha zrIkulaprabhasUri ke ziSya narezvarasUri viracita hai| yaha grantha mukhyataH saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai, kintu kucha sAmagrI prAkRta bhASA meM bhI nibaddha hai| yaha kRti vallabha nAmaka svopajJaTIkA se yukta hai / yaha nau paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| isa grantha kA zloka - parimANa 4000 hai / isa grantha meM nirdiSTa 50 dvAroM ke nAma nimnAMkita haiM pahalA dvAra jinamandira ke yogya bhUmi kA zubhAzubhatva | - dUsarA dvAra - kuurmprtisstthaa-vidhi| tIsarA dvAra - jinabhavana kI nirmANa-vidhi /

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 69 cauthA dvAra - jinapratimA ke lkssnn| pAMcavA~ dvAra - jinabiMba kI prtisstthaa-vidhi| chaThavA~ dvAra-mithyAtva kA svarUpa, mithyAtva ke bheda evaM usake tyAga kA updeshtv| sAtavA~ dvAra - samyaktva kI mahimA, svarUpa evaM usake tyAga kA prruupnn| AThavA~ dvAra - vAsacUrNa kI abhimNtrnn-vidhi| nauvA~ dvAra - samyaktvavrata kI AropaNa vidhi| dasavA~ dvAra - zrAvaka-pratimAoM ko grahaNa karane kI vidhi| gyArahavA~ dvAra - upadhAna kI vidhi| bArahavA~ dvAra - mAlAropaNa kI vidhi| terahavA~ dvAra - vratagrahaNa, tapagrahaNa-upadhAna, pravezAdi ke samaya karane yogya naMdI kI vidhi| caudahavA~ dvAra - parigraha-parimANa karane kI vidhi| pandrahavA~ dvAra - pravrajyA-grahaNa karane kI vidhi| solahavA~ dvAra - vihAra kI vidhi| satrahavA~ dvAra - asvAdhyAya-svarUpa kI vidhi| aThArahavA~ dvAra - AvazyakasUtra kI nNdii-vidhi| unnIsavA~ dvAra - dazavaikAlikasUtra kI nNdii-vidhi| bIsavA~ dvAra - yogodvahana saMbaMdhI khmaasmnnaa-vidhi| ikkIsavA~ dvAra - saMghaTTAdi kI vidhi| bAIsavA~ dvAra - upasthApanA kI vidhi| teIsavA~ dvAra - locapravedana (anumati-grahaNa) kI vidhi| caubIsavA~ dvAra - maMDalItapa kI vidhi| paccIsavA~ dvAra - kAlagrahaNa kI vidhi| chabbIsavA~ dvAra - vasatipravedana kI vidhi|

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sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI sattAIsavA~ dvAra - kAlapravedana kI vidhi| aTThAIsavA~ dvAra - yoga-utkSepa kI vidhi| unatIsavA~ dvAra - yoganikSepa kI vidhi| tIsavA~ dvAra - svAdhyAya-prasthApanA kI vidhi| ekatIsavA~ dvAra - AcArAMgAdi sUtroM kI nNdii-vidhi| battIsavA~ dvAra - kAlasaMbaMdhI khamAsamaNa kI vidhi| teMtIsavA~ dvAra - kAlamaMDala kI vidhi| cauMtIsavA~ dvAra - anuSThAna kI vidhi| paiMtIsavA~ dvAra - saMghaTTa grahaNa karane kI vidhi| chattIsavA~ dvAra - utsaMghaTTa kI vidhi| saiMtIsavA~ dvAra - AuttavANaya kA svruup| ar3atIsavA~ dvAra - yogavAhiyoM kI klpyaaklpy-vidhi| unacAlIsavA~ dvAra - yogavAhiyoM kI aahaar-vidhi| cAlIsavA~ dvAra - yogavAhiyoM ke apraadh-sthaan| ikatAlIsavA~ dvAra - saMghaTTa rakhane kI vidhi| bayAlIsavA~ dvAra - AuttavANaya chor3ane kI vidhi| teMtAlIsavA~ dvAra - sabhI sUtroM ke yoga, dina, kAla-saMkhyAdi kA niruupnn| cavAlIsavA~ dvAra - aacaary-pdsthaapn-vidhi| paiMtAlIsavA~ dvAra - upaadhyaay-pdsthaapn-vidhi| chiyAlIsavA~ dvAra - mhttraa-pdsthaapn-vidhi| saiMtAlIsavA~ dvAra - aalocnaa-vidhi| ar3atAlIsavA~ dvAra - sAdhu kI antima aaraadhnaa-vidhi| unacAsavA~ dvAra - zrAvaka kI antima aaraadhnaa-vidhi| pacAsavA~ dvAra - mRtksNyt-prisstthaapnaa-vidhi|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yaha kRti aprakAzita hai| kRti kA racanAkAla hameM anupalabdha hai| 30x vidhimArgaprapA 104 yaha kRti jinaprabhasUri ne prAyaH jaina - mahArASTrI meM racI hai| isa grantha kA racanAkAla vi.sa. - 1363 mAnA jAtA hai| yaha grantha 3515 zloka - parimANa hai| vidhimArga kharataragaccha kA nAmAntara hai / isa kRti meM kharataragaccha ke anuyAyiyoM ke vidhi-vidhAna kA nirdeza hai| yaha racanA prAyaH gadya meM hai| Adi ke padya meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki isa grantha meM zrAvakoM evaM sAdhuoM kI sAmAcArI kA varNana hai / anta meM solaha padyoM kI prazasti hai / isake Adi ke chaH padyoM meM prastuta kRti ke 41 dvAroM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM prathama prakaraNa meM- samyaktvAropaNa kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| dvitIya prakaraNa meM- parigraha ke parimANa kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| tRtIya prakaraNa meM- sAmAyika - AropaNa kI vidhi varNita hai| cauthe prakaraNa meM- sAmAyika lene aura pArane kI vidhi kA varNana hai| pAMcaveM prakaraNa meM- upadhAna-nikSepaNa kI vidhi darzita kI gaI hai| chaThaveM prakaraNa meM- upadhAna - sAmAcArI pravedita kI gaI hai| sAtaveM prakaraNa meM- upadhAna kI vidhi darzita kI gaI hai| AThaveM prakaraNa meM- mAlAropaNa kI vidhi prajJapta kI gaI hai| nauveM prakaraNa meM- pUrvAcAryakRta upadhAna, pratiSThA - paMcAzaka kA ullekha hai / dasaveM prakaraNa meM- pauSadha kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| gyArahaveM prakaraNa meM- daivasika-pratikramaNa kI vidhi kA varNana hai / bArahaveM prakaraNa meM- pAkSika-pratikramaNa kI vidhi nirdiSTa kI gaI hai| terahaveM prakaraNa meM- rAtrika-pratikramaNa kI vidhi kA pravedana kiyA gayA hai| caudahaveM prakaraNa meM tapa - vidhi ullekhita hai| pandrahaveM prakaraNa meM- naMdIracanA kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, saM.: vinayasAgara, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, purnamudraNa 2000. 71

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sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI solahaveM prakaraNa meM- pravrajyA-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| satrahaveM prakaraNa meM- locakaraNa kI vidhi varNita hai| aThArahaveM prakaraNa meM- upayoga-vidhi kA varNana hai| unnIsaveM prakaraNa meM- AdyaaTana kI vidhi kA ullekha hai| bIsaveM prakaraNa meM- upasthApanA kI vidhi kA vivecana hai| ikkIsaveM prakaraNa meM- anadhyAya-vidhi prastuta kI gaI hai| bAIsaveM prakaraNa meM- svAdhyAya-prasthApana kI vidhi kA prastutikaraNa hai| teIsaveM prakaraNa meM- yoganikSepa kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| caubIsaveM prakaraNa meM- yoga kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| paccIsaveM prakaraNa meM- kalpatrepa-sAmAcArI kA varNana hai| chabbIsaveM prakaraNa meM- yAcanA kI vidhi kA pravedana kiyA gayA hai| sattAIsaveM prakaraNa meM- vAcanAcArya kI prasthApanA kI vidhi kA ullekha hai| aTThAIsaveM prakaraNa meM- upAdhyAya kI prasthApanA-vidhi ullekhita hai| unatIsaveM prakaraNa meM- AcArya kI prasthApanA-vidhi varNita hai| tIsaveM prakaraNa meM- pravartinI aura mahattarA kI prasthApanA-vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai| ekatIsaveM prakaraNa meM- gaNa kI anujJA-vidhi nirdiSTa hai| battIsaveM prakaraNa meM- anazana kI vidhi darzita kI gaI hai| teMtIsaveM prakaraNa meM- mahApariSThApanikA kI vidhi kI carcA hai| cauMtIsaveM prakaraNa meM- prAyazcitta-vidhi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| paiMtIsaveM prakaraNa meM- jinabimba kI pratiSThA-vidhi kA ullekha hai| chattIsaveM prakaraNa meM- sthApanAcArya kI pratiSThA-vidhi kA ullekha hai| saiMtIsaveM prakaraNa meM- mudrA-vidhi kA varNana hai| ar3atIsaveM prakaraNa meM- causaTha yoginiyoM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha unakA upazama-prakAra batAyA gayA hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana unacAlIsaveM prakaraNa meM tIrthayAtrA kI vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai| cAlIsaveM prakaraNa meM- tithi kI vidhi kA ullekha hai| ekatAlIsaveM prakaraNa meM- aMgavidyA - siddhi kI vidhi kA kathana hai / uparyukta varNana ke AdhAra para ina dvAroM meM varNita viSayoM ke tIna vibhAga kie jA sakate haiN| 1 se 12 dvAroM meM mukhyarUpa se zrAvaka sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kA, 13 se 26 taka ke dvAroM meM mukhyarUpa se sAdhu sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kA tathA 30 se 41 taka ke dvAroM meM sAmAnya rUpa se zrAvaka evaM sAdhu sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kA ullekha hai| ina 41 dvAroM meM se kitane hI dvAroM ke upaviSaya viSayAnukrama meM batAe gae haiN| prastuta kRti meM kaI racanAe~ samagrataH athavA aMzataH saMgRhIta bhI kI gaI haiN| prastuta zodhaprabandha ke vivecya grantha AcAradinakara ke lie bhI yaha kRti AdhArabhUta rahI hai aura lagabhaga isake 100 varSa pUrva nirmita huI hai| zrAddhajItakalpa - 73 yaha kRti devendrasUri ke ziSya dharmaghoSasUri ne vi.sa. 1375 meM likhI hai| isameM zrAvakoM kI pravRttiyoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sAmAcArI 105 yaha kRti tilakAcArya dvArA viracita hai| yaha grantha mukhyataH saMskRta gadyoM meM nibaddha hai| ye pUrNimAgacchIya ( Agamikagaccha ) candraprabhasUri ke vaMzaja aura ziSyaprabha ke ziSya the| isa grantha kA zloka - parimANa 1421 hai / isa grantha ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNarUpa eka zloka tathA anta meM prazastirUpa sAta zloka haiN| pahale zloka meM samyagdarzana, naMdI, ityAdi vidhirUpa sAmAcArI kA kathana karane kI pratijJA kI gaI hai| isa grantha kI viSaya-vastu ko granthakAra ne nimna 37 adhikAroM meM vibhakta kiyA hai prathama adhikAra meM dezaviratisamyaktva AropaNa, naMdI kI vidhi kA ullekha dvitIya adhikAra meM kevala dezavirati naMdI kI vidhi ullekhita hai| 105 sAmAcArI, tilakAcArya viracita, zeTha DAhyAbhAI mokamacaMda, pAMjarA pola, ahamadAbAda, vi. sa. 1660.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI tRtIya adhikAra meM zrAvakoM ke vratoM ke karor3oM bhAgoM (vibhinna vikalpoM) ke sAtha zrAvaka ke vrata aura abhigrahoM ke pratyAkhyAna kI vidhi nirUpita hai| cauthe adhikAra meM upAsaka - pratimA kI naMdI - vidhi aMkita hai| 74 pAMcaveM adhikAra meM upAsaka - pratimAoM ke anuSThAna kI vidhi pravedita hai / chaThaveM adhikAra meM upadhAna- naMdI kI vidhi dI gaI hai| sAtaveM adhikAra meM upadhAna kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| AThaveM adhikAra meM mAlAropaNa kI naMdI - vidhi kA ullekha hai| nauveM adhikAra meM sAmAyika grahaNa karane kI vidhi prajJapta hai| dasaveM adhikAra meM pauSadha grahaNa karane kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| gyArahaveM adhikAra meM sAmAyika aura pauSadha pArane kI vidhi ullekhita hai| bArahaveM adhikAra meM pauSadhika - dinakRtya - vidhi kI nirUpaNA hai| terahaveM adhikAra meM tapakulaka kI carcA hai| caudahaveM adhikAra meM tapayaMtra kA varNana hai| mUlagrantha meM pandrahaveM adhikAra kI viSaya- sAmagrI kA varNana nahIM milatA solahaveM adhikAra meM zrAvaka ke prAyazcittoM kA yantra varNita hai| satrahaveM adhikAra meM pravrajanA ( pravrajyA) - vidhi kA ullekha hai| aThArahaveM adhikAra meM locapravedana (anumati) kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| unnIsaveM adhikAra meM upasthApanA - vidhi batAI gaI hai| bIsaveM adhikAra meM upasthApanA kI kathA pravedita kI gaI hai| ikkIsaveM adhikAra meM rAtrika - daivasika-pAkSika - pratikramaNa se yukta sAdhu kI dinacaryA - vidhi kA ullekha hai| bAIsaveM adhikAra meM yoga utkSepa evaM nikSepapUrvaka naMdI - vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| teIsaveM adhikAra meM yoga anuSThAna kI vidhi kahI gaI hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana caubIsaveM adhikAra meM yogatapa-vidhi ullekhita hai| paccIsaveM adhikAra meM (yoga) kAla, khamAsamaNa kI vidhi varNita hai| chabbIsaveM adhikAra meM sarvayogiyoM ke kalpyAkalpya vidhi kA varNana hai| sattAIsaveM adhikAra meM eSaNA - upahanana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| aTThAIsaveM adhikAra meM anadhyAya kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| unatIsaveM adhikAra meM kAlagrahaNa kI vidhi kA varNana hai / tIsaveM adhikAra meM vasati evaM kAla ke pravedana kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| ekatIsaveM adhikAra meM svAdhyAya- prasthApana kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| battIsaveM adhikAra meM kAlamaDaMla ke pratilekhana kI vidhi darzita kI gaI tIsaveM adhikAra meM vAcanAcArya - padasthApanA kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| cauMtIsaveM adhikAra meM vAcanAcArya - vidyAyaMtralekhana kI vidhi kA ullekha hai| paiMtIsaveM adhikAra meM AcAryapada-pratiSThA kI vidhi prarUpita hai| chattIsaveM adhikAra meM upAdhyAyapada-pratiSThA kI vidhi varNita hai| saiMtIsaveM adhikAra meM mahattarA - padasthApanA kI vidhi varNita hai| prasaMgAnusAra isa grantha meM vardhamAnavidyA, saMskRta ke chaH zlokoM kA caityavaMdana, mithyAtva ke hetuoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI ATha gAthAe~, upadhAnavidhi-viSayaka paiMtAlIsa gAthAe~, tapa ke bAre meM paccIsa gAthAoM kA kulaka, saMskRta ke chattIsa zlokoM meM rohiNI kI kathA, teMtIsa AgamoM ke nAma, Adi bAteM bhI AtI haiN| 75 sAmAcArI - zataka isa kRti kI racanA rudrapallIgacchIya somasundara gaNI (1415 - 21) ne kI hai| isa grantha ke sau adhikAra haiM, jo pA~ca prakAzoM meM vibhakta haiN| yaha grantha mukhyarUpa se gadya meM hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita kucha viSayoM kI carcA hameM isa grantha meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai, yathA- pratikramaNa kI vidhi, yogopadhAna kI vidhi, pauSadhagrahaNa karane kI vidhi, pravrajyA - vidhi, upadhAna - vidhi, Adi / isa kRti kA ullekha hameM jaina-sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa (bhAga-4) meM milatA hai| -

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI yatisAmAcArI - vi.sa. 1412 meM pArzvanAtha-caritra ke racayitA zrI bhAvadevasari ne yatisAmAcArI (yatidinacaryA) kA saMkalana kiyA hai|06 isa grantha meM 154 gAthAe~ haiN| AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti hI isameM bhI jaina-sAdhuoM kI dinacaryA meM prabhAtakAlIna-jAgaraNa se lekara saMstAraka taka kI vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara isa kRti ke kartA rudrapallI zAkhA ke abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) ke ziSya vardhamAnasUri haiN| yaha kRti saMskRta evaM prAkRta-bhASA meM nibaddha hai| isa grantha kA zloka-parimANa 12500 hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vi.sa.-1468 hai| isa grantha meM gRhastha, muni evaM gRhastha tathA muni ke AcAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM kula cAlIsa udaya yA adhyayana haiN| prathama khaNDa meM gRhastha ke SoDaza saMskAroM kA evaM munijIvana ke SoDaza saMskAroM kA ullekha hai tathA dUsare khaNDa meM gRhastha evaM muni dvArA kie jAne vAle ATha sAmAnya vidhi-vidhAnoM kI carcA hai| prastuta kRti ke 40 udayoM meM jina vidhi-vidhAnoM kI carcA hai, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM(a) gRhastha ke SoDaza saMskAra (ba) muni ke SoDaza saMskAra(sa) muni evaM gRhastha sambandhI ATha saMskAra 1. garbhAdhAna-saMskAra 1. brahmacaryavrata-grahaNa-vidhi 1. pratiSThA-vidhi 2. puMsavana-saMskAra 2. kSullaka-vidhi 2. zAntika-karma 3. jAtakarma-saMskAra 3. pravrajyA-vidhi 3. pauSTika-karma 4. sUrya-candradarzana-saMskAra 4. upasthApanA-vidhi 4. balividhAna 5. kSIrAzana-saMskAra 5. yogodvahana-vidhi 5. prAyazcitta-vidhi 6. SaSThI-saMskAra 6. vAcanAgrahaNa-vidhi 6. Avazyaka-vidhi 7. zucikarma-saMskAra 7. vAcanAnujJA-vidhi 7. tapa-vidhi 8. nAmakaraNa-saMskAra 5. upAdhyAya-padasthApana-vidhi 8. padAropaNa-vidhi 6. annaprAzana-saMskAra 6. AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi 106 yatisAmAcArI, (yatidinacaryA), vijayajinendrasUri, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhAbAbala, zAMtipurI (saurASTra), prathama saMskaraNa : 1667. 107 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 10. karNavedha saMskAra 10. pratimA - udvahana-vidhi 11. cUr3AkaraNa - saMskAra 11. vratinIvratadAna - vidhi (sAdhvI kI pravrajyA - vidhi) 12. upanayana saMskAra 12. pravartinI - padasthApana - vidhi 13. mahattarA - padasthApana - vidhi 13. vidyArambha - saMskAra 14. vivAha - saMskAra 14. ahorAtricaryA - vidhi 15. vratAropaNa - saMskAra / 15. RtucaryA-vidhi 16. antya - saMskAra 16. anta-saMlekhanA - vidhi grantha ke anta meM " vyavahAra paramArtha" zIrSaka ke mAdhyama se saMskAroM ke prayojanoM ko abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai tathA isake bAda grantha - prazasti dI gaI hai| yahA~ mAtra isa grantha kI sAmAnya jAnakArI dete hue cAlIsa udayoM kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai, inakA vistRta varNana hamaneM agrima tRtIya adhyAya " vardhamAnasUri kA vyaktitva" meM kiyA hai| 77 AcAradinakara se paravartI saMskAroM se sambandhita zvetAmbara - paramparA kA sAhitya pratiSThAkalpa 108 isa kRti ke karttA hIravijayasUri ke ziSya sakalacandragaNI haiN| yaha kRti saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| gaMthakAra ne yaha kRti prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA viracita pratiSThAkalpoM kA AdhAra lete hue banAI hai| yaha ullekha granthakAra ne isa grantha ke anta meM kiyA hai| isa grantha meM jinabimba kI pratiSThA evaM pUjAvidhi kA ullekha hai| isa kRti kA racanAkAla vi. sa. 1630 hai / kalyANakalikA yaha kRti tapAgacchIya zrI vijayasiddhasUri ke praziSya paM. kalyANavijayagaNi dvArA racita hai| upalabdha kRti svopajJa gujarAtI bhASA kI TIkA sahita hai| yaha grantha do bhAga meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa meM pratiSThA-paddhati kI carcA kI gaI hai tathA dvitIya khaNDa ' pratiSThA - vidhi kA ullekha hai| 106 990 1os pratiSThAkalpa, sakalacandragaNIkRta, seTha nemacanda melApacaMda jhaverI, jainavAr3I, upAzraya TrasTa, gopIpurA, surata, vi. sa. 2042. 990 106 kalyANakalikA, (prathama bhAga ), zrI kalyANavijayajI zAstrasaMgraha samiti, jAlora (rAja.), dvitIya AvRtti 1687. kalyANakalikA, (dvitIya bhAga), zrI kalyANavijayajI gaNivara, zrI AdinAtha jaina zvetAmbara mUrti pUjaka saMgha cikapeTa, baiMgalora, prakAzana varSa vi.sa. 2051.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI zrI saptopadhAna-vidhi yaha kRti" muni maMgalasAgarajI dvArA saMkalita kI gaI hai| isa kRti kA saMkalana vi.sa. 1647 meM huA hai| yaha kRti-saMkalana kI dRSTi se arvAcIna hai, kintu isameM pratipAdita upadhAna kI vidhi prAcIna granthoM, yathA- vidhimArgaprapA, AcAradinakara, sAmAcArIzataka, Adi ke AdhAra para dI gaI hai| yaha kRti saMskR ta-gadya meM hai| isa prakAra hameM AcAradinakara ke vratAropaNa-saMskAra meM nihita upadhAna-vidhi kI bhA~ti hI saptopadhAna kI vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina-saMskAra, rIti-rivAja evaM jainavivAha-vidhi - yaha pustaka ema.pI.jaina dvArA vi.sa. 1667 nAgapura me saMkalita kI gaI hai| yaha pustaka sAmagrI evaM AkAra kI dRSTi se parama upayogI hai| isameM janma se lekara mRtyuparyanta jitane vidhi-vidhAna evaM saMskAra sampanna kie jAte haiM, ve sabhI jaina-paddhati ke AdhAra para prastuta kie gae haiN| prastuta kRti ke anta meM prazastirUpa cha: zloka die gae haiM, usase jJAta hotA hai ki kharataragacchIya jinakIrtisUri ke praziSya upAdhyAya zrI sukhasAgara ke ziSya munimaMgalasAgara dvArA prastuta kRti vidhimArgaprapAdi prAcIna granthoM ke anusAra saMkalita kI gaI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki isa kRti ke mukhya saMkalanakartA munimaMgalasAgarajI haiN| mukhyataH isameM do prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna die gae haiM- prathama prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna solaha saMskAroM se sambandhita haiM evaM dUsare prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna meM bhI hameM AcAradinakara se sambandhita saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, yathA- garbhAdhAnasaMskAra, nhAvaNa-vidhi (zucisaMskAra yA jAtakarma), aadi| zrI bRhadyoga-vidhi AcArya devendrasAgarasUrijI dvArA saMpAdita yaha pustaka gujarAtI meM hai|12 yaha bhI eka saMkalita kRti hai| isa kRti meM sUtroM ke yogodvahana kI kriyA ke atirikta dIkSAvidhi, padasthApanA-vidhi, upasthApanA-vidhi se sambandhita yogoM evaM anuSThAnoM kI bhI carcA hai| isa pustaka ke anta meM yogacaryA ke sivAya sAdhu kI kAladharma-vidhi evaM upadhAna-vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| " zrI saptopadhAna vidhi, saMkalanakarttA-munimaMgalasAgara, jinadattasUri jJAna bhaNDAra, sUrata, vi.sa. 2006. 12 zrI bRhadyoga-vidhi, saM. AcArya devendrasAgarasUri, zrI umedakhAnti jaina jJAna maMdira, jhIMjhuvAr3A, 1684.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dIkSAyoga-vidhi yaha bhI saMkalita kI gaI kRti hai|"3 isakA sampAdana yogIrAja zAntivimalagaNI ne kiyA hai tathA yaha prAcIna gujarAtI bhASA meM nibaddha hai| isa kRti meM tapAgacchIya-paramparAnusAra vidhiyoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM nimna vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha hai- dIkSA grahaNa karane kI vidhi, upasthApanA-vidhi, vrtoccaarnn-vidhi| isameM samyaktvAropaNa, brahmacarya-vratAropaNa, bIsasthAnaka-tapa, jJAnapaMcamI-tapa, rohiNI-tapa, mauna ekAdazI-tapa, bArahavrata, Adi tapoM evaM vratoM ko grahaNa karane kI vidhi, loca karane kI vidhi, AvazyakasUtra ke yoga kI vidhi, dazavaikAlikasUtra ke yoga evaM mAMDalIyoga sambandhI yaMtra (koSThaka) bhI die gae haiN| uparyukta sabhI viSayoM kI carcA hameM AcAradinakara meM bhI milatI hai| upadhAna-vidhi yaha eka saMkalita kati hai| isakA saMyojana tapAgacchIya rAmacandrasarijI ke ziSya paMnyAsa zrI kAntivijayajI gaNi ne kiyA hai| yaha kRti gujarAtI meM racita hai| isameM jItavyavahAra ke anusAra upadhAna-vidhi varNita kI gaI hai| AcAradinakara ke vratAropaNa-saMskAra meM bhI isa viSaya kA ullekha milatA hai| vidhisaMgraha . pU. prabodhasAgarajI ke ziSya pU. pramodasAgarasUrijI dvArA saMgRhIta yaha kRti5 gujarAtI meM racita hai| isameM dIkSA saMbaMdhI, yogavahana saMbaMdhI, padapradAna saMbaMdhI evaM vrata-tapa-grahaNa saMbaMdhI vidhiyoM kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra kI saMkalita kRtiyA~ anya bhI prakAzita huIM haiN| una sabhI kRtiyoM kA avalokana karane se pratIta hotA hai ki prAyaH ina pRthak-pRthaka saMskaraNoM meM apanI-apanI paramparA yA samudAya kI apekSA AMzika parivartana dekhe jAte haiM, kintu mUlabhUta AdhAra vidhimArgaprapA aura AcAradinakara kA hI pratIta hotA hai| kRtiyaNa kA avalokana karane 13 dIkSAyoga vidhi, saM.: zAntivimalagaNi, zrI amRta-himmata-zAntivimalajI, jainagranthamAlAvatI, zrI jasavaMtalAla giradharalAla zAha, kuberanagara, ahamadAbAda, vi.sa. 2018. " upadhAna vidhi, saMyojana paMnyAsa zrIkAntivijayajI, zrI sihora jaina saMgha-jJAnakhAtA, vi.sa. 2502 x vidhisaMgraha, saMkalanakartAH pramodasAgarasUri, AgamoddhAraka jJAnazAlA, ema.ema. jaina sosAyaTI, varasoDAnI cAla, sAbaramatI, ahamadAbAda.

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80 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI zrAddhasaMskArakumudendu (pUrvArddha) vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara evaM zAntivijayajIkRta jainasaMskAra-vidhi se uddhRta zrAddhasaMskArakumudendu pUrvArddha"6 kA hindI anuvAda evaM vivecana sAdhvI zrI sujJAnazrIjI ne kiyA hai| isa kRti ke antargata garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, Adi saMskAroM kA ullekha milA hai| isa kRti meM AcAradinakara ke mUla zlokoM yA gAthAoM ko lekara hI bAta kahI gaI hai, ataH isa viSaya meM jyAdA kucha kahanA piSTapeSaNa hI hogaa| zrI taporatna mahodadhi - yaha eka saMkalita kRti hai| isa kRti ke saMpAdaka tapAgacchIya paMnyAsa zrI jinendravijayajI haiN| isa kRti kA mukhya AdhAra bhI AcAradinakara, vidhimArgaprapA, Adi grantha raheM haiN| isa kRti ke prathama bhAga meM varNita 88 tapa AcAradinakara meM se udadhRta haiN| isa kRti kA hI hindI anuvAda karake, cA~damalasIpANI ne use taparatnAkara ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| 16 zrAddhasaMskAra kumudendu pUrvArddha, zrImAn basaMtIlAlajI kocara, hIMgaNaghATa, prathama saMskaraNa, vi.sa. 1654. 7. taporatna mahodathi, saM.: jinendravijayajI, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jainagraMthamAlA, lAkhAvAbala, zAMtipurI (saurASTra), prathama AvRtti 1682.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 118 adhyAya - 3 vardhamAnasUri kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva vardhamAnasUri kA vyaktitva paricaya prastuta kRti ke racanAkAra abhayadevasUri ke ziSya vardhamAnasUri haiN| abhayadevasUri aura vardhamAnasUri jaise prasiddha nAmoM ko dekhakara sAmAnyataH candrapurIya vardhamAnasUri evaM navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri kA smaraNa ho AtA hai, kintu AcAradinakara ke karttA vardhamAnasUri inase bhinna haiN| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM vardhamAnasUri nAma ke aneka AcArya hue haiM, ataH yaha saMzaya honA svAbhAvika hai ki isa kRti ke racanAkAra vardhamAnasUri kauna haiM? kharataragaccha ke saMsthApaka jinezvarasUri ke guru bhI vardhamAnasUri the| inakA kAla vikrama kI (dasavIM - gyArahavIM) zatI mAnA jAtA hai| navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ( prathama ) ke ziSya ke rUpa meM bhI vardhamAnasUri kA ullekha milatA hai, jinhoMne AdinAtha - caritra kI racanA kI thI aura jinakA kAla vikrama kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra govindasUri ke ziSya vardhamAnasUri kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jo saTIka "gaNaratna mahodadhi" ke karttA haiN| unakA kAla vikrama kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai / isI zreNI meM " vAsupUjya - caritra" ke lekhaka vardhamAnasUri kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jinakA kAla vikrama kI bArahavIM - terahavIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| aisI paristhiti meM grantha- prazasti ke binA isake vAstavika karttA kauna the ? - yaha patA karanA atyanta jaTila kArya hotA, parantu racanAkAra vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara kI antima prazasti meM spaSTa rUpa se isa samasyA kA samAdhAna prastuta kara diyA hai| isa prazasti meM granthakAra ne apanI sampUrNa vaMza-paramparA kA ullekha karate hue apane ko kharataragaccha kI rudrapallI - zAkhA ke abhayadevasUri kA ziSya batAyA hai| grantha-prazasti meM unhoMne jo apanI guru-paramparA sUcita kI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai18_ AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 367, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNaH 1622. 81

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82 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI AcArya haribhadrasUri devacandrasUri nemIcandrasUri vardhamAnasUri jinezvarasUri abhayadevanAre (prathama) jinavallabhasUri isake pazcAt unhoMne rudrapallI-zAkhA kI sthApanA ko batAte hue usakI AcArya paramparA nimna prakAra se dI hai jinazekharasUri (rudrapallI ke saMsthApaka) padmacandrasUri vijayacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) - (12vIM-13vIM zatI) devabhadrasUri prabhAnaMdasUri (vi.sa. 1311) zrIcandrasUri (vi.sa. 1327) jinabhadrasUri jagattilakasUri guNacandrasUri (1415-21) abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) jayAnaMdasUri vardhamAnasUri (dvitIya) (vi.sa. 1464/I.sa. 1412) AcAradinakara ke kartA

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kRti meM vardhamAnasUri ne jo apanI guru-paramparA dI hai, usase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve kharataragaccha kI rudrapallI-zAkhA se sambandhita the| rudrapallI-zAkhA kA udbhava kharataragaccha se hI huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki hameM rudrapallI-gaccha kI svataMtra rUpa se koI paTTAvalI nahIM milatI hai| isa zAkhA ke prathama AcArya zrI jinazekharasUri the, jo AcArya jinavallabhasUri ke gurubhrAtA the| "kharataragaccha ke bRhata itihAsa"16 meM jinazekharasari ko jinavallabhasUri kA ziSya batAyA hai| jinavallabhasUri ke svargavAsa ke bAda vaha jinadattasUri ke AjJAnuvartI ho ge| kintu jinadattasUri ne rAsalanandana ko vi. sa. 1203 meM ajamera meM dIkSA dekara alpAvasthA meM hI vi. sa. 1205 vaizAkha sudI 6 ko vikramapura meM AcArya pada pradAna kara jinacandrasUri nAma ghoSita kiyA, arthAt unheM apane paTTa para sthApita kiyaa| sambhAvanA yaha hai ki isase ruSTa hokara jinazekharasUri unase pRthaka ho gae aura unhoMne rudrapallI-zAkhA kI sthApanA kI aura rudrapallI ko hI apanA vicaraNa-kendra banA liyaa| rudrapallI-zAkhA kA udbhava vastutaH lakhanaU aura ayodhyA ke madhyavartI rudrapallI nAmaka nagara meM huA aura isIlie isakA nAma rudrapallI pdd'aa| vartamAna meM bhI yaha sthAna rUdaulI ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai, ki rudrapallI-zAkhA svataMtra gaccha na hokara kharataragaccha kA hI eka vibhAga thaa| kharataragaccha-paramparA meM abhayadevasUri tIna hue tathA vardhamAnasUri do hue, kintu grantha-prazasti ke anusAra prastuta kRti ke kartA vardhamAnasUri (dvitIya) abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) ke ziSya hI haiN| yaha to isa kRti ke kartA ke sambandha meM sAmAnya carcA huIM aba hama unake vyaktitva ke sambandha meM kucha vicAra prastuta karanA cAhate haiN| vardhamAnasUri ke vyaktitva kA paricaya vastutaH unakI kRti AcAradinakara se hI ho jAtA hai| saMskAroM ko isa prakAra vahI vyakti nirUpita kara sakatA hai, jo isake mahatva evaM gUr3hatA ko samajha sakatA ho| vastutaH, isa kRti meM unhoMne itanI sahajatA evaM saralatA se gRhastha evaM muni-jIvana ke Avazyaka saMskAroM kA praNayana kiyA hai, jisase aisA lagatA hai ki ve svayaM ina saMskAroM ke vidhi-vidhAna ke jJAtA the| unake gRhastha-jIvana ke sambandha meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu unakI racanA, unakI guru-paramparA evaM unake dharma-parivAra se hama unake vyaktitva kA AMkalana kara sakate haiN| unakI paramparA meM aneka vidvAnAcArya hue haiN| sAhityika-dRSTi se rudrapallI-zAkhA ke AcAryoM dvArA aneka granthoM kI racanA huI hai| abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) dvArA "jayantavijaya mahAkAvya" vi. sa. 19 kharataragaccha kA bRhat itihAsa, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, pR.-261, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2004. -

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84 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 1278 meM racA gyaa| abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) ke paTTadhara devabhadrasUri ke ziSya tilakasUri ne "gautamapRcchAvRtti" kI racanA kI hai| unake pazcAt prabhAnaMdasUri ne "RSabhapaMcAzikAvRtti" aura "vItarAgavRtti" kI racanA kii| isI krama meM Age saMghatilakasUri hue, jinhoMne "samyaktava-saptatiTIkA", "vardhamAna-vidyAkalpa", "SaTdarzana-samuccayavRtti" kI racanA kii| inake dvArA racita graMthoM meM vIrakalpa, kumArapAla-caritra, zIlataraMginIvRtti, kanyAnayana mahAvIra-pratimAkalpa, Adi kRtiyA~ bhI milatI haiN| unakI kRti evaM unakI guruparamparA se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki ve bhI eka prabhAvaka jainAcArya the| dUsare, jaba hama unake gurubhrAtAoM aura unake dharma-parivAra ko dekhate haiM, to spaSTa rUpa se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki ve sabhI apane yuga ke viziSTa vidvAn raheM haiN| prastuta kRti ke avalokana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vardhamAnasUri saMskRta-bhASA evaM sAhitya ke viziSTa jAnakAra the| unhoMne apanI isa kRti meM jagaha-jagaha AgamoM ke sandarbha bhI prastuta kie haiM, jisase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unako AgamoM kA bhI viziSTa jJAna thaa| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM na kevala AgamoM ke hI sandarbha die haiM, varan anya paramparAoM ke granthoM ke bhI sandarbha prastuta kie haiM, jo yaha pramANita karate haiM ki unhoMne jainetara-sAhitya kA bhI adhyayana kiyA thaa| isa prakAra yaha kRti svayaM hI unakI vidvattA ko ujAgara kara detI hai| lagabhaga 12500 saMskRta-prAkRta gAthAoM se nibaddha yaha kRti unake gaMbhIra adhyayana kA hI pariNAma hai| vardhamAnasUri kA sattAkAla vardhamAnasUri kA sampUrNa sattAkAla kitanA thA? isakA nirNaya kara pAnA kaThina kArya hai, kyoMki isa sambandha meM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| isakA anumAna mAtra inakI isI kRti ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcAradinakara 12500 zlokoM se nibaddha eka bRhatkAya kRti hai| aisA lagatA hai ki yaha kRti unakI praur3ha-avasthA kI racanA hogii| isake lekhana-kArya meM unake gurubhrAtA jayAnaMdasUri ke ziSya tejaHkIrtimuni kA sadaiva sahayoga rahA hai| vastutaH, isakA saMzodhana racanAkAra ne svayaM hI kiyA hogA-aisA pratIta hotA hai| yaha kRti vikrama saMvat 1468 meM pUrNa huI, isa AdhAra para unakA sattAkAla vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| yadi ise unakI praur3ha-avasthA kI kRti mAnA jAe, to unakA janma vikrama saMvat 1410 ke Asa-pAsa huA hogaa| isa prakAra unakA sattAkAla vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha se lekara usakA uttarArddha siddha hogaa|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAnasUri kI jIvana-rekhA vardhamAnasUri ke sAMsArika jIvana ke bAre meM koI bhI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH vardhamAnasUri ke mAtA-pitA kauna the? ve kisa nagara meM janme the? isa sambandha meM kucha bhI kaha pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| grantha- prazasti se bhI hameM isa sambandha meM koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotI hai| kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki inakA janma rudrapallI - zAkhA ke prabhAvakSetra meM hI kahIM huA hogA / grantha kI prazasti meM yaha to ullekha milatA hai ki prastuta kRti jAlaMdhara nagara ke naMdanavana gA~va meM anaMtapAla rAjA ke rAjya meM vikrama saMvat 1468 meM pUrNa huI thI / jAlaMdhara nagara sambhavataH vartamAna meM paMjAba meM jo jAlaMdhara nagara hai, vahI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra granthaprazasti meM jisa sthAna kA ullekha hai, usase yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa grantha kI racanA paMjAba meM huI hai| isa prakAra jAlaMdhara (paMjAba) meM grantha - racanA karane se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki inake vicaraNa aura sthiratA kA kSetra paMjAba aura hariyANA rahA hogaa| rAjasthAna, paMjAba, hariyANA aura uttarapradeza eka samaya taka kharataragacchIya-AcAryoM evaM yatiyoM ke mukhya prabhAvakSetra rahe haiN| derAura, jo vartamAna meM pAkistAna ke paMjAba prAMta meM hai, dAdA jinakuzalasUri kA svargavAsa - sthala hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki prastuta grantha ke karttA kA janmasthala bhI isI kSetra meM kahIM rahA hogA - vizeSa sambhAvanA paMjAba yA hariyANA kI haiN| inake guru abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) dvArA dIkSita hone ke sambandha meM bhI kisI prakAra kI koI zaMkA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, kintu inakI dIkSA kaba aura kahA~ huI, jAnakAriyoM ke abhAva meM isa sambandha meM adhika kucha kahanA sambhava nahIM haiN| isa prakAra isa kRti ke karttA ke kRtitva kA hama upalabdha jAnakAriyoM se hI AMkalana kara sakate haiN| vardhamAnasUri kA kRtitva - AcAradinakara ke karttA vardhamAnasUri prakhara vidvAn AcArya the, isameM koI do mata nahIM haiN| AcAradinakara ke atirikta unakI anya kRti ke sambandha meM bhI hameM ullekha milate haiN| "jinaratnakoza" evaM " jaina - sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa" ( bhAga - 5 ) ke anusAra " svapnapradIpa" apara nAma " svapnavicAra", ke karttA bhI rudrapallIgaccha ke AcArya vardhamAnasUri hI haiN| isake atirikta vardhamAnasUri ke nAma se anya kRtiyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ina kRtiyoM kI carcA hama nIce vistAra se kareMge 120 120 (a) jinaratnakoza, bhAga-1, pR. 261, (ba) jaina - sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, bhAga - 5, pR. 210. 85

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86 1. svapna- pradoSa - isa grantha meM cAra udyota haiN| ina cAroM hI udyota meM svapnavicAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti meM 162 zloka haiM, jo cAra udyota meM vibhAjita haiN| isa grantha kI viSayavastu kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. prathama udyota - isa udyota meM 44 zloka haiN| ina 44 zlokoM meM granthakAra ne "daivata-svapnavicAra" kA prastutikaraNa kiyA hai| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 2. dvitIya udyota - isa udyota meM (45-80) 36 zloka haiN| ina 36 zlokoM meM 'dvAsaptati', arthAt bahattara mahAsvapnoM kA ullekha hai / 3. tRtIya udyota isa udyota meM (80-112 ) 42 zloka haiN| ina 42 zlokoM meM lekhaka ne zubhasvapnoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| 4. cauthA udyota - isa udyota meM ( 123 - 162 ) 40 zloka haiN| ina 40 zlokoM meM azubha svapnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha aprakAzita hai / " jaina - sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa" meM isa kRti ke racanAkAla kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| sambhavataH, isa kRti ke racanAkAra bhI AcAradinakara ke karttA vardhamAnasUri hI honA cAhie, kyoMki jahA~ taka hamArI jAnakArI hai, rudrapallI - zAkhA meM vardhamAnasUri nAma ke eka hI AcArya hue haiN| pratiSThAvidhi 121 jinaratnakoza meM vardhamAnasUrikRta "pratiSThAvidhi" nAmaka grantha kI sUcanA milatI hai| sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki AcAradinakara ke pratiSThA udaya ko hI eka svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM " pratiSThAvidhi" ke nAma se jAnA gayA ho / 12 jinaratnakoza, bhAga - 1, pR. 458.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zakunaratnAvalI (kathA-koza) isake atirikta jinaratnakoza meM abhayadevasUri ke ziSya vardhamAnasUrikRta kathAkoza, aparanAma zakunaratnAvalI22 kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, kintu kartA kA samaya jJAta nahIM hone ke kAraNa yaha saMzaya kA viSaya hai ki yaha kRti bArahavIM zatI ke vardhamAnasUri kI hai, yA pandrahavIM zatI ke rudrapallI-zAkhA ke vardhamAnasUri kii| cU~ki ina donoM ke guru ke rUpa meM abhayadevasUri kA nAmollekha milatA hai, isalie samyak sUcanAoM ke abhAva meM yaha nizcaya kara pAnA kaThinatama kArya hai ki yaha bArahavIM zatI ke vardhamAnasUri haiM, yA pandrahavIM zatI ke| AcAradinakara evaM svapnapradIpa grantha meM jyotiSa sambandhI paryApta carcA milatI hai| zakunaratnAvalI meM bhI jyotiSa sambandhI carcA hone se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kRti bhI rudrapallIgaccha ke vardhamAnasUri kI hI honA caahie| uparyukta kRtiyoM ke atirikta hameM rudrapallIgaccha ke vardhamAnasUrikRta anya kRtiyoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| jahA~ taka merA vicAra hai, itane vidvAnAcArya kI AcAradinakara, svapnapradoSa (svapnavicAra), zakunaratnAvalI (kathAkoza) hI kRtiyA~ hoMgI-yaha sambhava nahIM hai| unakI anya kRtiyA~ bhI hogii| unakI ina kRtiyoM ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unake pAsa agAdha jJAna thA, jisake AdhAra para unhoMne anya kRtiyoM kI racanA kI hogI, kintu jAnakAriyoM ke abhAva meM hama usa sambandha meM kucha kaha pAne meM samartha nahIM haiN| aba hama vardhamAnasUrikRta kRtiyoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa evaM prastuta zodhaprabandha ke AdhArabhUta grantha AcAradinakara meM varNita viSaya-sAmagrI kI carcA kreNge| AcAradinakara aura usakI viSayavastu prastuta kRti ke kartA rudrapallI-zAkhA ke abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) ke ziSya vardhamAnasUri haiN| yaha kRti saMskRta evaM prAkRta-bhASA meM nibaddha hai| anuSTupa chaMdoM kI apekSA se isa grantha kA zloka-parimANa 12500 hai|123 isa kRti kA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1468 tadanusAra I. 1412 hai| isa grantha ke prArambha meM granthakAra ne dasa zlokoM ke mAdhyama se maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai| prathama do zlokoM meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI stuti kara unheM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya zloka ke mAdhyama se sarvajJa deva ko namaskAra 122 (6) jinaratnakoza, bhAga-1, pR.-65, (i) jinaralakoza, bhAga-1, pR.-368. 123 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-3, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. -

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88 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI kiyA gayA hai| cauthe zloka meM paramAtmapada kI prApti karane vAlI AtmAoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| pAMcaveM zloka meM jinavANI kI stuti kara use namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| chaThaveM zloka meM ambikAdevI kA guNagAna kara unheM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM evaM AThaveM zloka meM guru kI mahimA kA bakhAna karake unheM namana kiyA gayA hai / antima do zlokoM meM granthakAra ne jJAna - darzana evaM cAritra ko kaivalya kA kAraNa batAkara Adijina, arthAt RSabhadeva dvArA pratipAdita AcAramArga ko pramANarUpa mAnA hai| _124 yaha grantha ke aMta meM vistRta granthaprazasti bhI milatI hai, jisameM granthakAra ne apanI guru- paramparA kA ullekha karate hue, isa grantha meM sahAyabhUta muniyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI isa granthaprazasti meM grantha ke racanAkAla, racanAsthala, Adi kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| granthaprazasti ke anusAra " grantha kalpavRkSa kI upamA se upamita anaMtapAla rAjA ke rAjya meM jAlaMdhara nagara ke nandanavana meM vikrama saMvat 1468 meM kArtika pUrNimA kI rAtri meM pUrNa huA / granthaprazasti meM na kevala granthakAra ne apanI guru-paramparA kA hI ullekha kiyA hai, varan isake sAtha hI unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA ke prayojana sambandhI vicAroM ko bhI abhivyakta kiyA hai| granthaprazasti ke anta meM granthakAra ne, yaha cirakAla taka sthAI rahe- aisI kAmanA bhI abhivyakta kI hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita vibhinna saMskAra AcAradinakara gRhastha, sAdhu tathA gRhastha evaM sAdhu- donoM se sambandhita vidhi-vidhAnoM kA AkAra - grantha hai| vastutaH yaha grantha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa meM gRhastha evaM muni - jIvana sambandhI SoDaza saMskAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA dvitIya khaNDa meM muni tathA gRhastha sambandhI ATha sAmAnya saMskAroM kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra yaha grantha kula cAlIsa udayoM meM samApta huA hai| dvitIya khaNDa ke anta meM granthakAra ne " vyavahAra - paramArtha" ke mAdhyama se ina saMskAroM ke kie jAne ke kyA prayojana haiM- isakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| , prastuta grantha meM varNita cAlIsa udayoM kI viSaya-sAmagrI, aAt cAlIsa saMskAroM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 124 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 367, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (a) gRhastha ke solaha saMskAra - AcAradinakara meM prathama udaya se lekara solaha udaya taka granthakAra ne gRhastha ke SoDaza saMskAroM kI vidhi ullekhita kI hai| gRhastha ke ina SoDaza saMskAroM meM granthakAra ne janma ke pUrva se lekara mRtyuparyanta ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinheM hama nimna binduoM ke mAdhyama se dekheMge : 1. prathama udaya meM garbhAdhAna nAmaka saMskAra kI vidhi pratipAdita kI gaI 2. dvitIya udaya meM puMsavana-saMskAra kI vidhi vivecita kI gaI hai| 3. tRtIya udaya meM jAtakarma-saMskAra kI vidhi kahI gaI hai| 4. cauthe udaya meM sUrya-candra-darzana kI vidhi varNita kI gaI hai| 5. pA~caveM udaya meM kSIrAzana-vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 6. chaThaveM udaya meM SaSTI-jAgaraNa aura mAtAoM (deviyoM) kI pUjA kA vidhAna batAyA gayA hai| 7. sAtaveM udaya meM zucikarma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 8. AThaveM udaya me nAmakaraNa, grahalagnAdi kI pUjA evaM maNDala-pUjana kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 6. nauveM udaya meM annaprAzana-saMskAra kI vidhi ullekhita hai| 10. dasaveM udaya meM karNachedana kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 11. gyArahaveM udaya meM muNDana kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| 12. bArahaveM udaya meM upanayana-saMskAra kA ullekha hai| isameM jina-upavIta kA svarUpa, usakI vidhi, vratadhAraNa evaM vratAdeza kA vivecana hai| sAtha hI vrata-visarjana evaM godAna kA bhI ullekha hai| isI udaya meM cAroM vargoM ke upavIta-saMskAra meM vratagrahaNa kI zikSA tathA zUdra ke baTukakaraNa meM uttarIya dhAraNa karane kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha hai| 13. terahaveM udaya meM adhyayana-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|

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90 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI 14. caudahaveM udaya meM prajApati, ArSa, daiva, brAhma, paizAca, rAkSasa, gAndharva evaM Asura-ina ATha prakAra ke vivAhoM kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI isa udaya meM vedIsthApanA, kulakaroM kI pUjAvidhi, agnisthApanA-vidhi, agnisaMtarpaNa-vidhi, uttama arghavidhi Adi kA bhI ullekha hai| isI udaya ke anta meM gaNikAvivAha-vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 15. pandrahaveM udaya meM samyaktva-AropaNa, dvAdaza vratAropaNa, zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kI udvahana-vidhi, sapta upadhAna-tapazcaryA tathA upadhAna meM kI jAne vAlI mAlAropaNa kI vidhi, Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI udaya meM parigraha-parimANa kA TippaNa taiyAra karane tathA gRhastha kI ahorAtri kI caryA vidhi bhI ullekhita hai, jisameM arhat-pUjAvidhi kA vistRta varNana karate hue laghusnAtra-vidhi, dikpAla evaM grahoM kI pUjAvidhi, laghu upadhAna, naMdI kI sapanA, Adi kI Avantara vidhiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 16. solahaveM udaya meM mRtyu se pUrva kI ArAdhanA-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa vidhi ke antargata-uttamArtha (saMlekhanAvrata) kI ArAdhanA, catuHzaraNa (catuHsmaraNa), kSamApanA, antyasaMskAra, Adi ke vidhi-vidhAna gRhasthoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara batAe gae haiN| (ba) muni ke solaha saMskAra - AcAradinakara meM satraha se lekara battIsa taka ke udayoM meM muni ke solaha saMskAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa vibhAga meM unhoMne brahmacaryavrata grahaNa karane kI vidhi se lekara muni-jIvana ke antima chora para kI jAne vAlI aMtima saMlekhanA-vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| ina solaha udayoM meM varNita saMskAroM kA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai - 1. satrahaveM udaya meM brahmacaryavrata kI duSkaratA kA pratipAdana karate hue brahmacarya-vrata dhAraNa karane kI vidhi pratipAdita kI gaI hai| 2. aThArahaveM udaya meM kSullakadIkSA-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI kSullaka dvArA karaNIya vidhi-vidhAnoM kA nirdeza diyA gayA

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 3. unnIsaveM udaya meM dIkSA hetu ayogya strI, puruSa evaM napuMsakoM ke prakAroM kA ullekha karate hue gRhatyAgavidhi evaM pravrajyAgrahaNa kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| 4. bIsaveM udaya meM chedopasthApanIyacAritra evaM mahAvratoccAra kI vidhi kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai tathA saptamaNDalIyoga kI carcA kI gaI hai| 5. ikkIsaveM udaya meM yogodvahana karane kI vidhi, kAlagrahaNa kI vidhi, svAdhyAya-prasthApanA kI vidhi, khamAsamaNA-yojanA, kAyotsarga, vaMdana, saMghaTTavidhi, pravedana-vidhi, pratidina kI kriyA tathA arddhavArSika-yoga kI vidhi vivecita hai| isI udaya meM kAlika evaM utkAlika-sUtroM meM pratyeka ke uddeza, samuddeza evaM anujJA kI vidhi kA bhI vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 6. bAIsaveM udaya meM vAcanA-vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| mani kisa krama se sUtroM kA adhyayana kare- isakA bhI isa udaya meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 7. teIsaveM udaya meM vAcanAcArya-padasthApanA-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA vAcanAcArya ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| 8. caubIsaveM udaya meM upAdhyAya-padasthApanA-vidhi ullekhita hai| 6. paccIsaveM udaya meM AcArya-padasthApanA kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI isa udaya meM AcAryapada ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kI bhI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| 10. chabbIsaveM udaya meM muniyoM dvArA dvAdaza pratimAoM ke vahana karane kI prakriyA kA varNana hai| 11. sattAIsaveM udaya meM sAdhviyoM kI vratAropaNa-vidhi, arthAt pravrajyAvidhi ullekhita hai| 12. aTThAIsaveM udaya meM pravartinI-padasthApanA-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakaraNa meM pravartinIpada ke yogya sAdhvI ke lakSaNa tathA unake dvArA karaNIya evaM akaraNIya kAryoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA

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92 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 13. unatIsaveM udaya meM mahattarA-padasthApanA kI vidhi, mahattarA ke guNoM tathA mahattarA ke kAryoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 14. tIsaveM udaya meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI ahorAtri kI kriyAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, arthAt prAtaH - saMstAraka kA tyAga karane se lekara punaH rAtri ko saMstAraka grahaNa karane taka kI vibhinna kriyAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa udaya meM jinakalpI, sthavirakalpI evaM pratyekabuddha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke saMyamopakaraNoM kI bhI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| saMyamopakaraNoM kA parimANa kitanA honA cAhie, unakI kyA upayogitA hai? isakA bhI isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 15. ekatIsaveM udaya meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI RtucaryA-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kisa Rtu meM muni ko kaisA AcaraNa karanA cAhie? isa viSaya kA isameM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI isa prakaraNa meM vihAra kI vidhi, Arya-anArya dezoM kI sUcI, loca kI vidhi, kalpatarpaNa kI vidhi, vyAkhyAna kI vidhi bhI batAI gaI hai| 16. battIsaveM udaya meM muni ke aMtima saMskAra kI vidhi ullekhita hai| isa udaya meM na kevala utkRSTataH bAraha varSIya saMlekhanA-vidhi kA ullekha hI kiyA gayA hai, varan muni kI mRtyu ho jAne para antima-saMskAra ke rUpa meM jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, usakA bhI isameM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| paMcaka, Adi meM muni kI mRtyu hone para usase utpanna doSoM kA nivAraNa kisa prakAra kiyA jAe? isakA bhI isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (sa) gRhastha evaM muni ke sAmAnya ATha saMskAra - AcAradinakara ke dvitIya vibhAga meM sAmAnya ATha saMskAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ye ATha saMskAra sAdhu evaM gRhastha- donoM dvArA saMyukta rUpa se karavAe jAte haiM, arthAt ina saMskAroM kI niSpatti meM ina donoM kA sahayoga Avazyaka hai, jaise- pratiSThAvidhi meM bRhatsnAtrapUjA, Adi karane hetu zrAvaka (gRhastha) kI AvazyakatA hotI hai tathA netronmIlana, prANapratiSThA, Adi hetu muni kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, isa prakAra se AThoM hI saMskAra muni evaM gRhastha-donoM ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se batAe gae haiN| ina ATha saMskAroM kI viSaya-sAmagrI kA saMkSipta vivaraNa nimnAMkita hai

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1. teMtIsaveM udaya meM pratiSThAvidhi kA varNana hai| isa udaya meM mukhya rUpa se jinabimba-pratiSThA, caityapratiSThA, kalazapratiSThA, dhvajapratiSThA, bimba ke parikara kI pratiSThA, devIpratiSThA, kSetrapAlapratiSThA, gaNeza Adi devoM kI pratiSThA, siddhamUrti kI pratiSThA, devatAvasara - samavasaraNa-pratiSThA, maMtrapaTapratiSThA, pitRmUrtipratiSThA, yatimUrtipratiSThA, navagrahapratiSThA, caturnikAyadevapratiSThA, gRhapratiSThA, vApI Adi jalAzayoM kI pratiSThA, vRkSapratiSThA, aTTAlikAdi bhavanapratiSThA, durgapratiSThA evaM bhUmi-adhivAsanA-vidhi kA vivecana hai| isI meM sabhI devoM ke AhvAna, sthApanA aura pUjA kI vidhi bhI dI gaI hai, sAtha hI isameM bRhatsnAtrapUjA-vidhi, bRhat evaM laghunaMdyAvartta Adi Alekhana kI vidhi, unakI pUjAvidhi, kaMkaNachoTana - vidhi, aSTamaMgala - pUjAvidhi evaM tatsambandhI pUjAsAmagrI hetu 360 kriyANakoM kI sUcI kA ullekha hai| 93 2. cautIsaveM udaya meM sabhI prakAra ke pUjAnvita zAntikarma kI vidhi tathA mUlAdi nakSatroM evaM grahoM kI zAntikavidhi batAI gaI hai| isa prakaraNa meM nakSatroM evaM grahoM kI pUjA-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA prasaMgavazAt tathA lokAcAra ke anusAra snAnAdi dvArA kI jAne vAlI nakSatra - zAntika kI vidhi kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| 3. paiMtIsaveM udaya meM pauSTikakarma, Adi kI vidhi kA vidhAna hai| isa prakaraNa meM vizeSa rUpa se pAMca pIThoM para kramazaH causaTha indroM, dikpAloM, kSetrapAla sahita nau grahoM, solaha vidyAdeviyoM evaM SaTdrahadeviyoM kI sthApanA karane evaM unakI pUjana vidhi kA ullekha huA hai| 4. chattIsaveM udaya meM balikarma kI vidhi batAI gaI hai / kina-kina ko kisa-kisa vastu kI bali pradAna kareM? isakA bhI isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 5. saiMtIsaveM udaya meM prAyazcittavidhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yaha vidhi jItakalpabhASya para AdhArita hai| yaha vidhi sAdhu evaM gRhastha ke jIvana meM lagane vAle doSoM aura unakI zuddhi hetu kie jAne vAle prAyazcittoM kA ullekha karatI hai| isa udaya meM prAyazcitta ke dasa prakAroM yathA - (1) AlocanA ( 2 ) pratikramaNa (3) ubhaya ( 4 ) viveka ( 5 ) kAyotsarga (6) tapayogya ( 7 ) chedayogya (8) mUlayogya (6) anavasthApya evaM (10) pArAMcika kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai|

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94 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 6. ar3atIsaveM udaya meM Avazyakavidhi ke antargata SaDAvazyakoM yathA-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga evaM pratyAkhyAnoM ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa udaya meM dasavidha pratyAkhyAnoM kI bhI yojanA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI isa udaya ke antargata pAkSika-pratikramaNasUtra, yati evaM zrAvaka-pratikramaNasUtra, arthAt zramaNasUtra evaM vaMditusUtra kI vyAkhyA, zakrastava, arhat evaM siddha paramAtmA kI stuti Adi kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| rAtrika, daivasika, pAkSika evaM saMvatsarika-pratikramaNa kI vidhi kA bhI isa udaya meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI isa udaya meM ativyasta rAjA, maMtrI, Adi dvArA kI jAne vAlI saMkSipta pratikramaNa-vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 7. unacAlIsaveM udaya meM trividha prakAra ke tapoM kI vidhi vivecita hai| isa udaya meM na kevala vividha prakAra ke tapoM kI vidhi kA varNana hI kiyA gayA hai, varan una tapoM kI udyApanavidhi ke bhI nirdeza die gae 8. cAlIsaveM udaya meM padAropaNa kA mahatva batAyA gayA hai| isa udaya meM vratiyoM (muniyoM), brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM kI zAsana-vyavasthA kA aura sAmanta, maNDalAdhikArI, maMtrI, Adi kI padasthApanA kI vidhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI vaizya, zUdrAdi sahAyakoM kI padasthiti kA bhI varNana hai| isake atirikta sabhI vargoM ke nAmoM ke sAtha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke nAmakaraNa kisa vidhi se kie jAeM-isakA tathA pratiSThA, padAropaNa, Adi vidhiyoM meM upayogI mudrAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa grantha ke cAlIsa udayoM meM vividha viSayoM kA nirdeza hai, jinakA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta karane kA prayAsa yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| mere isa zodhaprabandha hetu isa grantha kA bahuta hI mahatva hai, kyoMki yaha mere zodhaprabandha kA AdhArabhUta grantha hai| isa grantha kA sarvaprathama prakAzana "kharataragaccha granthamAlA" se varSoM pUrva mUla rUpa meM patrAkAra meM huA hai| isa para abhI taka kisI ne bhI koI zodhakArya nahIM kiyA hai aura na sampUrNa grantha kA anuvAda kara ise punaH prakAzita hI kiyA hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 'AcAradinakara' meM varNita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana - AcAradinakara meM varNita cAlIsa saMskAroM kA digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM varNita saMskAroM ke sAtha tulanA evaM samIkSA kA saMkSipta vivaraNa hama yahA~ prastuta kara rahe haiN| vistRta vivaraNa to yathAsthAna kiyA jaaegaa| tInoM paramparAoM meM kauna-kaunase saMskAra kaba evaM kisa samaya kie jAte haiM? tInoM paramparAoM kI isa sambandha meM kyA avadhAraNA hai? isa viSaya ko hama isa bindu ke antargata vivecita karane kA prayatna kareMge, kintu isase pUrva hameM yaha jAna lenA bhI Avazyaka hai ki tInoM paramparAoM meM ye saMskAra kisa prayojana se kie jAte the, cAroM varNa meM se kauna-kaunase varNa ke loga ina saMskAroM ke adhikArI mAne gae haiM, ityaadi| sAmAnyatayA, ina saMskAroM ko karane kA prayojana samAja kI suvyavasthA ko sthApita karanA hI thaa| jainadharma meM gRhastha ke saMskAroM kA AdhyAtmika-vikAsa se koI sambandha nahIM mAnA gayA hai, apitu eka sAmAjika-vyavasthA ke rUpa meM inheM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| munijIvana ke SoDaza saMskAra evaM ATha sAmAnya saMskAroM meM se kucha saMskAra yathA-pravrajyA, upasthApanA, yogodvahana, bhikSuoM kI bAraha pratimAoM kI udvahanavidhi, prAyazcittavidhi, Avazyakavidhi, Adi kA avazya AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAtha AMzika sambandha mAnA jA sakatA hai| hindU-paramparA meM inheM sAmAjika evaM dhArmika rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| hindU-paramparA meM SoDaza saMskAroM kA adhikArI mAtra brAhmaNoM, kSatriyoM evaM vaizyoM ke puruSa-varga ko hI mAnA gayA thA, kintu jaina-paramparA meM to cAroM hI varNa ke logoM ko ina saMskAroM kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai, apitu yaha bhI mAnA hai ki saMskAroM, vizeSa rUpa se upanayana-saMskAra dvArA varNa-parivartana evaM nirdhAraNa bhI hotA hai, kintu vaidika-paramparA meM varNa-parirvatana evaM nirdhAraNa kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA meM kanyA ke sambandha meM bhI gRhastha ke saMskAroM ko kie jAne ke ullekha milate haiM,25 kyoMki jaina-paramparA meM puruSa ke samAna hI strI ko bhI samAna mahatva pradAna kiyA gayA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-paramparA meM strI hetu bhI ina saMskAroM ke kie jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM maMtroccArapUrvaka ye SoDaza saMskAra puruSoM ke sambandha meM hI kie jAne ke nirdeza die gae haiM, kyoMki ve puruSa evaM strI ko eka samAna nahIM mAnate haiN| unake anusAra * jJAtAdharmakathA, madhukaramuni, sUtra saM.-8/31, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.), prathama saMskaraNa : 1662.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI yadi striyoM ke sambandha meM ye saMskAra karane hoM, to unako vaidika maMtroM kA uccAraNa kie binA karanA caahie| 126 96 uparyukta sAmAnya carcA karane ke pazcAt aba hama AcAradinakara meM varNita saMskAroM kA nimna binduoM ke mAdhyama se digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM svIkRta saMskAroM ke sAtha tulanA evaM samIkSA kareMge - garbhAdhAna-saMskAra 128 AcAradinakara" ke anusAra garbhasthApana ke pA~caveM mAsa meM zubha tithi, vAra, nakSatra, Adi tathA pati ke caMdrabala ko dekhakara garbhAdhAna-saMskAra kiyA jAnA cAhie | hindU paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbhasthApana se pUrva, uttama guNoM se yukta putra kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, kintu AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra garbha kI prasiddhi tathA garbharakSaNa ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, kintu usameM isa saMskAra kI avadhAraNA yatkiMcit hindU - paramparA ke sadRza hai, arthAt vahA~ bhI yaha saMskAra garbhasthApana ke pUrva santAna kI prApti ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| 126 puMsavana saMskAra 130 AcAradinakara' ke anusAra garbha ke ATha mAsa vyatIta ho jAne para tathA sarvadohada (garbhavatI strI kI kAmanAe~) pUrNa hone ke pazcAt garbhastha zizu ke sampUrNa aMgopAMga pUrNataH vikasita hone para zarIra meM pUrNIbhAva pramodarUpa stanoM meM dUdha kI utpatti ke sUcakArtha yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki hindU paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbha ke tIsare mAsa meM santAna putrarUpa ho - isa uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| 131 digambara-paramparA meM suprIti kriyA ke rUpa meM yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai / 132 126 prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlatattva, DaoN. bAbUrAma tripAThI evaM DaoN. zrI bhagavAna zarmA, pR. 56, mahAlakSmI prakAzana, AgarA, tRtIya saMskaraNa. 127 'AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya prathama, pR. 5, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 128 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya - 6, pR. 181, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, 126 lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR. 245, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 132 130 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya 939 prathama, pR. 8, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya - 6, pR. 188, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- ar3atIsavA~, pR. 246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jAtakarma - saMskAra AcAradinakara" 133 ke anusAra yaha saMskAra garbhakAla ke apekSita mAsa, dina kI kAlAvadhi ke pUrNa hone para jaba zizu kA prasava hotA hai, usa samaya kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra kA mUla uddezya AnaMda kI abhivyakti karanA hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra zizu ke janma ke bAda hI kiyA jAtA hai, kintu digambara- paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko jAtakarma - saMskAra ke nAma se abhihita na karake vahA~ use priyodbhava - kriyA ke nAma se sUcita kiyA gayA hai / 134 hindU-paramparA meM putra kA janma hone para yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai / sUrya-candra-darzana- saMskAra - AcAradinakara" ke anusAra zizu ke janma ke pazcAt tIsare dina yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| hindU paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ yaha saMskAra niSkramaNa - saMskAra ke rUpa meM sampanna kiyA jAtA hai / 136 janma ke cauthe mAsa meM, athavA tIsare mAsa meM kramazaH sUrya-candra-darzana karavAkara yaha saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| digambara- paramparA meM sUrya-candra-darzana karavAne ke ullekha nahIM milate haiN| kSIrAzana- saMskAra - 137 AcAradinakara" ke anusAra yaha saMskAra janma ke tIsare dina karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika evaM digambara- paramparA meM kSIrAzana- saMskAra ko pRthak rUpa se nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| ina donoM paramparAoM meM yaha vidhAna jAtakarma - saMskAra ke sAtha hI sampanna kara diyA jAtA hai| SaSThI - saMskAra 97 AcAradinakara138 ke anusAra yaha saMskAra janma ke chaThaveM dina kiyA jAtA hai| yaha saMskAra zizu kA maMgala karane ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra meM SaSThI mAtA (durgA) Adi deviyoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| digambara- paramparA kintu vahA~ 133 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya tRtIya, pR. 6, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 134 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- ar3atIsavAM, pR. 246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. - 135 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cauthA, pR. 11, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 136 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 201-02 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 137 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya pAMcavA, pR. 12, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-chaThavA~, pR. 12, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 138

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98 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI meM hameM isa prakAra ke saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| hindU paramparA meM mAtRkApUjana ke rUpa meM durgAdi deviyoM kI pUjA karane ke ullekha to milate haiM, kintu vahA~ ise saMskAra kI zreNI meM nahIM rakhA gayA hai| zuci - saMskAra - AcAradinakara" ke anusAra sUtaka kA nivAraNa karane hetu yaha saMskAra apanI kula paramparA ke anusAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara- paramparA ke grantha AdipurANa meM isa saMskAra ko priyodbhavakriyA meM hI samAhita kiyA gayA hai| hindU - paramparA meM hameM isa saMskAra kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai / yadyapi, hindU - paramparA meM bhI sUtaka sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA aura usake nivAraNa kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahA~ ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM ullekhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| nAmakaraNa - saMskAra - AcAradinakara" ke anusAra yaha saMskAra zucikarma ke dina athavA dUsare dina yA tIsare dina, athavA anya koI zubha dina dekhakara kiyA jAnA caahie| isa saMskAra kA mUla uddezya zizu kA nAmakaraNa karanA hai| hindU paramparA meM yaha saMskAra prAyaH dasaveM yA bArahaveM dina kiyA jAtA hai / " digambara- paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra janma ke bAraha dina bAda kiyA jAtA hai| ' 142 141 annaprAzana 143 AcAradinakara" ke anusAra yaha saMskAra sAmAnyataH pA~caveM yA chaThaveM mAsa meM kiyA jAtA hai| hindU paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti hI pA~caveM yA chaThaveM mahIne meM kiyA jAtA hai| digambara- paramparA meM yaha saMskAra sAtaveM yA AThaveM mAsa meM kiyA jAtA hai / 136 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya sAtavA~, pR. 12, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- AThavA~, pR. 14, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 140 141 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 166, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva ar3atIsava, pR. 248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-navamA~, pR. 6, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 142 143

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 99 karNavedha-saMskAra - AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra zubha varSa, mAsa, Adi dekhakara kulaparamparA ke anusAra bAlaka ke tIsare, pA~caveM yA sAtaveM varSa meM kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM hameM isa nAma ke saMskAra kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| hindU-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra vizeSa rUpa se paravartI kAla meM pracalita huA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke samaya ke sambandha meM matabheda haiM, kintu kAtyAyanasUtra ke anusAra zizu ke janma ke tRtIya yA paMcama varSa meM karNavedha-saMskAra kiyA jAnA ucita hai| cUr3AkaraNa-saMskAra - AcAradinakara46 ke anusAra yaha saMskAra apanI kulavidhi ke anusAra zubha dinoM meM karanA caahie| hindU-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zizu ke janma ke prathama yA tRtIya varSa kI samApti ke pUrva kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM isa saMskAra ko kie jAne ke samaya kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| upanayana-saMskAra - yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie? isa sambandha meM AcAradinakara meM koI sUcanA nahIM dI gaI hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbha ke AThaveM mAsa meM kiyA jAtA hai|47 vaidika-paramparA ke AzvalAyana-gRhyasUtra meM brAhmaNakumAra kA ATha varSa meM, kSatriya kA gyAraha varSa evaM vaizya kA bArahaveM varSa meM yaha saMskAra karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|48 vidyArambha-saMskAra - AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra upanayana-saMskAra kI bhA~ti zubhadina evaM zubhalagna meM kiyA jAnA caahie| isa saMskAra kA mUla uddezya upanayana-saMskAra se dIkSita evaM varNatva ko prApta bAlaka ko bhASA evaM lekhana kA AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikata, udaya-dasavA~, pR.-17, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, bAmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. " dekheH hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSThaM (SaSThaM pariccheda), pR.-130, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665. 146 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-gyArahavA~, pR.-18, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, bAmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu : DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-7, pR.-211, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980. 6 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-terahavAM, pR.-30, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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100 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI jJAna karAyA jAnA hai| hindU-paramparA ke anusAra upanayana-saMskAra ke pazcAt usI dina yA usase eka dina pazcAt gurudeva-stuti ke pazcAt brahmacArI ko gAyatrI-maMtra kA upadeza dekara zikSA pradAna kI jAtI hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra (1) lipisaMkhyAna evaM (2) vratacaryAkriyA-ina do caraNoM meM saMpanna kiyA jAtA hai| 150 vivAha-saMskAra - AcAradinakara ke anusAra kanyA kA vivAha ATha varSa bAda kara denA cAhie, kintu puruSa kA vivAha ATha varSa se lekara assI varSa kI Ayu ke bIca kabhI bhI ho sakatA hai| jaina-paramparA meM vivAha ko anivArya saMskAra nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jabaki hindU-paramparA ke smRtigranthoM meM to puruSa ko anivArya rUpa se vivAha karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki isake abhAva meM vaha apatnIka puruSa ayajJIya kahalAtA hai|52 hindU-paramparA meM puruSa ke vivAha ke lie koI nizcita avadhi nahIM rakhI gaI hai, parantu kanyA ke lie vivAha kI avadhi kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| gRhyasUtroM evaM dharmasUtroM ke anusAra sAmAnyataH lar3akiyoM ko yuvAvasthA ke bilkula pAsa pahu~ca jAne yA usake prArambha hone para hI vivAha yogya mAnA jAtA thaa|53 digambara-paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai| vahA~ bAraha varSa kI kanyA evaM solaha varSa ke kizora ko vivAha ke yogya mAnA vratAropaNa-saMskAra - __ yaha saMskAra jaina-paramparA meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa loka meM garbha se lekara vivAha taka ke caudaha saMskAroM se saMskArita vyakti bhI vratAropaNa-saMskAra ke binA isa janma meM lakSmI kA sadupayoga nahIM kara pAtA hai| vaha jagat meM prazaMsA kA pAtra nahIM hotA hai tathA Aryadeza meM manuSyajanma kI prApti, svarga evaM mokSa ke sukha se bhI vaMcita rahatA hai, ataH manuSyoM ke lie vratAropaNa-saMskAra parama kalyANakAraka hai| hindU-paramparA meM yadyapi cAra vedavratoM kA 150 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu : DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-244, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. " AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-caudahavA~, pR.-31, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 152 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-165, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1665. 153 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-273, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980. 5" harivaMzapurANa eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, rAmamUrti caudharI, adhyAya-2, pR.-44, sulabha prakAzana, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1686. 155 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-pandrahavA~, pR.-42, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnamarikta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 101 ullekha to milatA hai, kintu jaina-paramparA kI bhA~ti vratAropaNa-saMskAra kA ullekha hameM vahA~ bhI nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra vratAvaraNakriyA56 ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| antyasaMskAra - ___ vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra jIvanadIpa ke bujhane kI sthiti meM, arthAt mRtyu kI sannikaTatA ko jAnakara yaha saMskAra vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai| jaina-paramparA meM mAtra mRtyoparAnta kI kriyA ko hI isa saMskAra meM samAhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai, varana mRtyu se pUrva kI ArAdhanA-vidhi ko bhI isameM zAmila kiyA hai, jo jaina-paramparA kI apanI vizeSatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra mRtyoparAnta kiyA jAtA hai| jaina-paramparA kI bhA~ti vaidika-paramparA meM saMlekhanA, Adi karane kA vidhAna bhI sAmAnyatayA dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anurUpa hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, mAtra antara yaha hai ki vahA~ anta meM munidIkSA dete samaya puruSa ko vastra kA bhI tyAga karanA hotA hai| brahmacaryasaMskAra - munijIvana ke SoDaza saMskAroM meM sarvaprathama vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa vidhi meM sAdhaka ko eka avadhi-vizeSa ke lie brahmacarya kA grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM hameM pRthak se isa saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| kSullakavidhi - vardhamAnasari ke anusAra isa saMskAra meM sAdhaka ko pravrajyA kI pUrva bhUmikA meM upasthita karane hetu eka avadhi vizeSa ke lie paMcamahAvrata evaM chaThaveM rAtribhojanatyAga-vrata kA uccAraNa karavAyA jAtA hai, kintu yaha pratijJA do karaNa evaM tIna yoga se karavAI jAtI hai| digambara-paramparA meM hameM isa saMskAra kA pRthak se ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi zrAvaka kI gyArahavIM pratimA meM sthita zrAvaka ko kSullaka kahA jAtA hai aura isakI dinacaryA bhI prAyaH munivat hI 56 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-244, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 57 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-solahavA~, pR.-66, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-aThArahavA~, pR.-73, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. " sAgAradharmAmRta, anu : supArzvamatijI, adhyAya-3, pR.-368, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1622.

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102 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI hotI hai, kintu vahA~ kSallakAvasthA meM gRhIta niyama yAvata jIvana heta hote haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM isa nAma kA koI saMskAra dekhane ko nahIM milatA, kintu vaidika-paramparA meM pracalita vAnaprasthAzrama isa saMskAra ke samatulya mAnA jA sakatA pravrajyAvidhi - yaha saMskAra jaina-paramparA kI eka apanI dharohara hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra ke saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| hA~, vaidika-paramparA meM pracalita saMnyAsAzrama ko isa saMskAra kA AMzika anukaraNa avazya mAnA jA sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki prArambha meM vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra pracalita nahIM thaa| vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA sarvaprathama ullekha aupaniSadika-RSi yAjJavalkya dvArA saMnyAsa grahaNa se hotA hai, phira bhI jainazramaNa evaM vaidika-saMnyAsa ke AcAra meM antara hai| upasthApanAvidhi - AcAradinakara meM varNita isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se mahAvratoM kA grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai tathA isake sAtha hI naMdIvidhi sahita dazavaikAlikasUtra evaM AvazyakasUtra ke yogodvahana karavAe jAte haiN|160 digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jinarUpa kriyA ke rUpa meM sampanna karavAyA jAtA hai, kintu usameM saptamaMDalI-yogodvahana-vidhAna dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra ke kisI saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yogodvahanavidhi - AcAradinakara meM varNita yaha saMskAra zvetAmbara-paramparA kI apanI vizeSatA hai| isa saMskAra-vidhi meM sAdhaka ko vidhipUrvaka zAstroM kA adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa nAma ke kisI saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu digambara-paramparA meM maunAdhyayanavRttitvakriyA ko isa saMskAra kA AMzika anukaraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai|62 160 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-bIsavA~, pR.-76, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 16" AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-276, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 162 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu : DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-254, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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103 vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vAcanAgrahaNavidhi - isa saMskAra meM vAcanA grahaNa karane ke samaya kyA vidhi-vidhAna kie jAnA cAhie- isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM jyeSTha zukla paMcamI ke dina siddhabhakti evaM zrutabhaktipUrvaka vAcanA grahaNa kI jAtI hai, kintu vahA~ AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti vAcanAgrahaNa se pUrva evaM pazcAt vidhi-vidhAna karane ke ullekha nahIM milate haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vAcanAnujJAvidhi - vardhamAnasUri ne vAcanAcArya-padasthApanA kI vidhi ko bhI saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| digambara-paramparA meM vAcanAcArya-pada kA ullekha milatA hai| AdipurANa meM varNita gaNopagrahaNavidhi ke sAtha hama isa saMskAra kI tulanA kara sakate haiN|63 vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| upAdhyAya-padasthApana-vidhi - vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra AcAryapada ke samAna hI zubha muhUrta Ane para yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yadyapi upAdhyAya-pada kI vyavasthA dekhane ko milatI hai tathA vahA~ isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM ke ullekha bhI milate haiN| vaidika-paramparA ke saMnyAsAzrama meM isa pada kI vyavasthA dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai, kintu gRhasthajIvana meM avazya vahA~ isa pada kI vyavasthA hai| AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi - isa grantha meM AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra guNoM se yukta pAtra milane para hI use AcArya-pada para sthApita kiyA jAnA caahie|165 digambara-paramparA meM bhI isa vidhi kA ullekha sva-gurusthAnavApti-kriyA ke rUpa meM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa vidhi ko saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA gayA hai| 163 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu : DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-255, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 64 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-caubIsavA~, pR.-112, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 165 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-paccIsavA~, pR.-113, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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104 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI pratimodvahana kI vidhi - isa vidhi kA ullekha hameM zvetAmbara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hI milatA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| sAdhviyoM ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI vidhi - vardhamAnasari ne sAdhvI ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI vidhi kA pRthak se ullekha karake ise eka svataMtra vidhAna svIkAra kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yadyapi AryikA-dIkSA kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahA~ ise eka svataMtra saMskAra ke rUpa meM vivecita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA strIdIkSA ko pApa samajhatI hai, ataH vahA~ bhI ise pRthak saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA hai| pravartinI-padasthApana-vidhi - __ AcAradinakara meM isa pada para sthApanavidhi ko bhI svataMtra saMskAra ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| digambara evaM vaidika- ina donoM hI paramparA meM hameM isa saMskAra kI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai aura jahA~ taka mujhe jJAta hai, ina donoM paramparAoM meM isa pada kI bhI koI vyavasthA nahIM hai| yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM mAnya mUlAcAra nAmaka grantha meM sAdhviyoM ke gaNadhara kA ullekha hai| mahattarA-padasthApana-vidhi - _ isa vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne mahattarApada ke yogya sAdhvI ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa karake mahattarA-padasthApana-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM isa vidhi ko saMskAra ke rUpa meM abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM hameM mahattarA-pada kI vyavasthA sAdhviyoM ke AcArya ke rUpa meM dekhane ko milatI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa pada kI vyavasthA dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai, ataH vahA~ ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kA to prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| ahorAtricaryA-vidhi - isa prakaraNa meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI dina-rAta kI caryA kA ullekha karate hue saMyamopakaraNoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai|66 saMyamanirvAha hetu upayogI hone ke kAraNa vardhamAnasUri ne ise bhI munijIvana ke saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, 166 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-tIsavA~, pR.-121, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / 105 kintu digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ne ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA hai, yadyapi ina donoM hI paramparAoM ke granthoM meM isa viSaya kI AMzika carcA milatI hai| RtucaryAvidhi - isa vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne sAdhuoM kI RtucaryA kA varNana kara alaga-alaga RtuoM meM unakI AcAravidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|67 digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa vidhi ko saMskAra ke rUpa me ullekhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| aMtima saMlekhanA-vidhi - muni jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM kisa prakAra kI ArAdhanA kareM tathA usakI kyA vidhi hai? isakA isa vidhi meM nirUpaNa huA hai| digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM yaha saMskAra yoganirvANasaMprApti-kriyA ke rUpa meM ullekhita huA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra ke saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| pratiSThAvidhi - ___ vardhamAnasUri ne pratiSThAvidhi ko muni evaM gRhastha- ina donoM ke lie karane yogya ATha sAmAnya saMskAroM meM antarnihita kiyA hai|66 digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM pratiSThAvidhi kA to ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahA~ ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM vivecita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| zAntikakarma, pauSTikakarma evaM balividhAna - vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM ina tInoM vidhiyoM ko bhI saMskAra ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM zAntikavidhAna evaM balividhAna (naivedya) dekhane ko milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI tInoM hI vidhAnoM ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM ina vidhi-vidhAnoM ko saMskAra kI zreNI meM nahIM rakhA gayA hai| prAyazcittavidhi - isa vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne pramAdavaza kie gae pApoM kI vizuddhi ke hetubhUta prAyazcittavidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yaha vidhi bhI muni evaM gRhastha hetu 167 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ikatIsavA~, pR.-126, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 'AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu : DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-256, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 166 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-3, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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106 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI nirdiSTa sAmAnya saMskAroM ke antarbhUta hI hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM prAyazcittavidhi kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahA~ isa vidhi ko bhI saMskAra ke nAma se abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| Avazyakavidhi - jaina-paramparA meM SaTa-Avazyaka mAne gae haiM - (1) sAmAyika (2) caturviMzatistava (3) vaMdana (4) pratikramaNa (5) kAyotsarga evaM (6) prtyaakhyaan| ina SaT-AvazyakoM kI kriyA-vidhi kA isa prakaraNa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI ina SaT-AvazyakoM kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu unake saMdhyAkarma meM isake kucha aMza dekhe jAte haiN| tapavidhi - isa prakaraNa meM karmoM kI nirjarA ke hetubhUta tapavidhi kA varNana huA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne ise bhI anivArya karma ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, jabaki digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM ise saMskAra kA rUpa nahIM diyA gayA hai| padAropaNavidhi - isa vidhi meM vibhinna padoM para yogya vyaktiyoM kI niyukti ke sAtha-sAtha mudrA-vidhi evaM nAmakaraNa-vidhi kA bhI ullekha huA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isase saMbaMdhita kucha vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparAoM meM saMskAra sambandhI avadhAraNAoM meM kucha samAnatA dRSTigata hotI hai, to kucha vibhinnatAe~ bhI dRSTigata hotI haiN| yahA~ hamane unakA saMkSipta vivecana hI prastuta kiyA hai, inakA vistRta vivecana hama caturtha, paMcama evaM SaSTha adhyAya meM kreNge|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 107 adhyAya - 4 AcAradinakara meM varNita gRhastha ke SoDaza saMskAra prastuta adhyAya meM AcAradinakara meM varNita gRhastha-jIvana ke saMskAroM kA vivecana karane ke sAtha-sAtha unakI digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM nirdiSTa saMskAroM ke sAtha tulanA evaM samIkSA kI gaI hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM bhI kaha cuke haiM ki tInoM paramparAoM meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM apanI- apanI avadhAraNA hai| yahA~ hamane una sabhI avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita gRhasthoM ke SoDaza saMskAroM meM se kSIrAzana, SaSThI, zucikarma evaM vratAropaNa-saMskAra kA ullekha hameM vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| isI prakAra AcAradinakara meM varNita ina SoDaza saMskAroM meM se kucha saMskAroM yathA sUrya-candra-darzana, kSIrAzana, SaSThI-pUjana, zucikarma, karNavedha, Adi kA ullekha hameM digambara-paramparA ke saMskAra sambandhI grantha AdipurANa meM bhI nahIM milatA hai| ina saMskAroM kA ullekha hameM AcAradinakara meM hI milatA hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita kucha saMskAra aise haiM, jinakA hameM vaidika evaM digambara-paramparA meM ullekha to milatA hai, kintu nAma meM bhinnatA hone ke kAraNa unameM thor3A vibheda dikhAI detA hai, jaise- AcAradinakara meM varNita sUrya-candradarzana-saMskAra kA ullekha hameM vaidika-paramparA meM niSkramaNa-saMskAra ke rUpa meM milatA hai, kintu ina donoM hI saMskAroM kA prayojana sUrya-candra-darzana karAnA hI hai| isI prakAra AcAradinakara meM nirdiSTa jAtakarma-saMskAra kA ullekha AdipurANa meM hameM priyodbhavakriyA ke rUpa meM milatA hai, ityaadi| vaidika-paramparA kI apekSA digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM varNita saMskAroM meM nAmoM kA parivartana bahutAyata meM huA hai, jinakI hama yathAsthAna carcA kreNge| yahA~ to hamane ina SoDaza saMskAroM kI sAmAnya carcA kI hai, inakI viziSTa carcA hama isa adhyAya ke agrima pRSThoM meM kreNge|

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108 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI garbhAdhAna-saMskAra garbhAdhAna-saMskAra kA svarUpa - garbhAdhAna-saMskAra kA tAtparya garbhasthApanA karane sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM se hai| isakA zAbdika-artha yahI mAnA jAtA hai, lekina vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isakA artha garbhasthApana sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna se na hokara sthApita garbha ke saMrakSaNa evaM saMskArita karane sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna se hai| isa prakAra jahA~ digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ne isake zAbdika artha kA anusaraNa karate hue isakA tAtparya garbhasthApana karane sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna se batAyA hai, vahIM vardhamAnasUri ne apane grantha AcAradinakara meM ise garbha ke skhalana se bacAne kA yA garbha ke saMrakSaNa sambandhI saMskAra mAnA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra sthApita (rahe hue) garbha ke saMrakSaNa hetu evaM use saMskArita karane hetu kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki sAmAnyatayA pUrvakAla meM yaha mAnyatA thI ki garbhiNI ko amaMgalakArI zaktiyA~ grasta kara sakatI haiM aura jinake kAraNa garbha kA skhalana ho sakatA hai, ataH unake nirAkaraNa ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hogA - aisA hama mAna sakate haiM, sAtha hI garbha ko maMtroccAra evaM vidhi-vidhAna dvArA saMskArita karane ke prayojana se bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hogA-aisA bhI hama mAna sakate haiM, kyoMki itihAsa meM abhimanyu, Adi ke aise aneka udAharaNa milate haiM, jo isa bAta kI puSTi karate haiM ki garbhastha zizu para bAharI vAtAvaraNa kA prabhAva par3atA hai, parantu digambara 7deg evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko karane kA prayojana garbha kI sthApanA karanA thA, arthAt unameM santAna kI prApti ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| yaha karma koI kAlpanika dhArmika-kRtya nahIM thA, apitu eka yathArtha karma thaa| jAti evaM kula kI paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane hetu prajanana-kArya ko soddezya aura susaMskRta banAne ke nimitta hI garbhAdhAna kiyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparA meM yaha saMskAra eka viziSTa prayojana ko lekara kiyA jAtA thaa| vartamAnakAla meM isa saMskAra ke prati abhiruci kama hone lagI hai| 28deg AdipurANa jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-245, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa - 2000 / 71 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, (bhAga-prathama), adhyAya-6, pR.-181, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680 /

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 109 saMskAra kA karttA - AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra jaina-brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ jaina-brAhmaNa se tAtparya72 - arhat maMtra se upanIta brAhmaNa se hai evaM kSullaka kA tAtparya73 - aise gRhastha se hai, jisane tIna varSa taka vizuddha brahmacarya kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt tIna varSa kI avadhi ke lie paMcamahAvratoM ko do karaNa evaM tIna yoga se pAlana karane kA niyama liyA ho| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM aise vyakti ko kSullaka kahA hai| cU~ki zvetAmbara-paramparA meM garbhAdhAna-saMskAra kA sambandha garbhasthApana se nahIM thA, ataH isa saMskAra ko karAne kA adhikAra kSullaka yA jaina-brAhmaNa (vidhikAraka) ko prApta thaa| yadyapi isa saMskAra kI vidhi meM garbhavatI strI ke sAtha usake pati kI bhI upasthiti mAnI gaI thii| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kauna karavAe, isa sambandha meM AdipurANa meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jise vidyAe~ siddha ho gaIM haiM, jo sapheda vastra pahane hue hai, pavitra yajJopavIta dhAraNa kie hue hai aura jisakA citta AkulatA se rahita hai- aisA dvija ina maMtroM ke dvArA ye samasta kriyAe~ karavA sakatA hai, kintu jJAtavya hai ki garbhAdhAna hetu sambhogakriyA to pati hI kara sakatA thaa| __ vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kauna karavAe - isa sambandha meM bahuta matabheda haiN| prAcIna vidvAnoM ke anusAra prAyaH pati hI isa saMskAra kA kartA hotA thA, kintu usakI anupasthiti meM usakA pratinidhitva karane vAlA vyakti bhI vihita mAnA gayA thaa| prAcInakAla meM hindU-paramparA meM niyoga-prathA pracalita thI, kyoMki kula-paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane hetu aura mRta pUrvajoM ke laukika tathA pAralaukika-kriyAkarma ke lie, yathA- zrAddha, tarpaNa, piNDa, Adi kI kriyA hetu santati kA honA Avazyaka thA aura isI uddezya ko lekara smRtiyoM meM vidhavA, napuMsaka kI strI yA ayukta pati kI patnI ko devara, sagotra yA brAhmaNa dvArA AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-prathama, pR.-5 nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 73 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-aThArahavA~ udaya, pR.-72 nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1922 * AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-cAlIsavA~, pR.-301, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa - 2000 .

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI santati prApta karane ke bhI nirdeza die gae haiM75, lekina kAlAntara meM pArivArika- pavitratA sambandhI vicAra Ane para pati ke pratinidhi ke dvArA garbhasthApanA kI paramparA upekSita hone lagI aura anta meM niSiddha mAna lI giiN| ataH kAlAntara meM kevala pati ko hI garbhAdhAna-saMskAra karAne kA adhikArI mAnA gyaa| 110 garbhAdhAna-saMskAra kI vidhi vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra garbhadhAraNa ke pazcAt pA~ca mAsa pUrNa hone para garbhAdhAna kI kriyA gRhastha- guru dvArA karavAI jAnA caahie| yaha saMskAra mAsa, tithi, dina, Adi kI zuddhi dekhe binA bhI nizcita mAsa, Adi meM karanA cAhie / phira bhI isa hetu kauna-kaunase nakSatra evaM vAra zubha kahe gae haiM tathA yaha saMskAra kisa prakAra ke veza evaM guNoM se yukta gRhastha- guru dvArA karavAyA jAnA cAhie, isakA bhI isameM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| - garbhAdhAna-saMskAra ke lie sarvaprathama gRhastha- guru ko garbhavatI strI ke pati kI anujJA prApta karanA caahie| tadanantara garbhavatI strI kA pati pUrNa snAna kara zuddha veza ko dhAraNa kare tathA bRhatsnAtra - vidhi se paramAtmA kI pUjA kare aura usa snAtrajala ko pavitra pAtra meM saMcita kare / tatpazcAt zAstrAnusAra paramAtmA kI dravya evaM bhAva pUjA kre| pUjA ke anta meM gRhastha- guru ke nirdezAnusAra sadhavA striyA~ garbhavatI strI ko snAtrajala se siMcita kreN| tadanantara sabhI jalAzayoM ke pAnI ko ekatrita karake use zAntidevI ke maMtra se sAta bAra abhimaMtrita kare tathA usameM sahasramUlacUrNa ko ddaale| tatpazcAt gRhastha- guru zAntidevI ke maMtra se yA anya maMtra se abhimaMtrita usa jala se garbhavatI strI ko snAna karavAne hetu sadhavA striyoM ko nirdeza de| snAna karavAne ke bAda gabharvatI strI ko susajjita kara usakA pati ke sAtha maMtrapUrvaka thibaMdhana kare tathA pati ke vAmapArzva meM padmAsana meM baiThakara zubhapAtra meM snAtrajala sahita tIrthodaka ko rakhe evaM Aryaveda (jaina) maMtrapUrvaka kuzAgra para sthita jala kI bUMdoM se garbhiNI strI ko siMcita kare / tadanantara paMca parameSThI maMtra kA smaraNa karate hue daMpatti ko Asana se uThAkara jina bimba ke samIpa le jaae| vahA~ zakrastava se jinavaMdana karake daMpatti ko zakti ke anusAra phala, vastra, mudrA, maNi, Adi car3hAnA cAhie / vidhi ke anta meM garbhavatI strI svasaMpatti meM se vidhikAraka - ka- guru ko dAna-dakSiNA de tathA guru usake pratiphala meM AzIrvAda de / tatpazcAt maMtrapUrvaka rgaMthi kA mocana kara daMpatti ko upAzraya meM le jAe tathA vahA~ 175 hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya - pAMcavA~ ( prathama pariccheda), pR. 67, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 /

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 111 unase sAdhuoM ko vaMdana karavAkara dAna dilvaae| tadanantara apane kulAcAra ke anusAra kuladevatA Adi kI pUjA kre| isI vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne Aryaveda aura jaina-brAhmaNa-varNa ke udbhava kI kathA bhI ullekhita kI hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa usakA ullekha hama yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| isakI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| vidhi ke anta meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita sAmagriyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana - ___garbhAdhAna-saMskAra kI avadhAraNA ko lekara jainoM ke donoM sampradAyoM meM evaM jaina tathA vaidika-paramparA meM bhI kucha matabheda haiN| yaha saMskAra kaba, kisa samaya aura kisa prakAra kiyA jAnA cAhie evaM isakI vidhi kyA ho ? isa sambandha meM sabhI kI alaga-alaga dhAraNAe~ haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha rAjapraznIyasUtra76 meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, parantu isameM isa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara AcArya vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra garbhadhAraNa ke pazcAt pAMcavA~ mAsa pUrNa hone para karane kA vidhAna hai, arthAta garbhadhAraNa ke bAda hI, garbha rahane ke spaSTa lakSaNa prakaTa hone para hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki jainoM kI digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra mAsikadharma ke caturtha dina caturtha snAna se zuddha hone para karane kA vidhAna hai| usameM garbhadhAraNa karavAne ke uddezya se hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI digambara-paramparA ke anusAra hI yaha saMskAra garbhadhAraNa karavAne ke uddezya se hI kiyA jAtA hai, parantu isa vidhi ko kisa samaya kareM, isa sambandha meM bhI hindU-paramparA meM aneka mata haiM, jaise - zaMkhAyana-gRhyasUtra meM vivAha kI tIna rAta ke uparAnta cauthI rAta ko yaha saMskAra karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| manu evaM yAjJavalkya'80 ke anusAra mAsika-pravAha kI abhivyakti ke 76 rAjapraznIya, saM. - madhukaramuni, sU. - 280, Agama prakAzana samiti, byaavr| 29 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama khaNDa), udaya - prathama, pR.-5, prakAzaka - nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1922 // dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-181, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680. munasmRti, sampAdaka - paM. zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, adhyAya-tIsarA, zloka-46, saMskRti saMsthAna barelI (u.pra.) 180 yAjJavalkyasmRti, sampAdaka - paM. zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, adhyAya-pahalA, zloka-76, saMskRti saMsthAna barelI (u.

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112 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI uparAnta solaha rAtriyA~ isa saMskAra ke yogya haiM, jabaki laghuAzvalAyana' ke anusAra rakta ke prathama prakaTIkaraNa ke cauthe dina ke uparAnta hI garbhAdhAna-saMskAra karanA caahie| smRticaMdrikA meM kahA gayA hai ki pravAha kI pUrNa samApti para caturtha divasa isa saMskAra-vidhi hetu upayukta hai| ___ isa prakAra zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AcArya vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra garbhadhAraNa ke pAMca mAsa pUrNa hone para kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra garbhadhAraNa ke uddezya se garbhAdhAna ke yogya samaya meM kiyA jAtA hai| punaH, garbhAdhAna ke yogya samaya ke sambandha meM aneka vicAradhArAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| vaidika-paramparA ke Apastamba gRhyasUtra, manusmRti 2 evaM yAjJavalkyasmRti meM evaM vaikhAnasa-sUtroM meM isa sambandha meM eka vizeSa bAta kA ullekha milatA hai, vaha yaha hai ki - mAsika dharma ke cauthe dina ke uparAnta sama dinoM meM lar3ake kI utpatti hetu tathA viSama dinoM meM lar3akI kI utpatti hetu saMbhoga karanA caahie| digambara-paramparA meM AryikA supArzvamatijI ne sAgAradharmAmRta ke anuvAda meM Ayurvedagrantha aSTAMgahRdaya kA Alambana lete hue isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki sama rAtriyoM meM samAgama karane se putra evaM viSama rAtriyoM meM samAgama karane se putrI kI prApti hotI hai|84 garbhAdhAna ke yogya samaya ke sambandha meM nivRttipradhAna jaina-paramparA ke granthoM meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zubha nakSatra, vAra evaM tithi meM kiyA jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| "AcAradinakara"85 ke anusAra zravaNa, hasta, punarvasu, mUla, puSya aura mRgazIrSa nakSatra meM, ravivAra, somavAra, budhavAra, Adi zubha vAroM evaM zubha tithiyoM meM yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| digambara-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM isa viSaya meM alaga se koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu nAthUlAla zAstrI kI jainasaMskAravidhi meM jyotiSa sambandhI ullekha milatA hai|86 vaidika-paramparA meM isa viSaya meM kucha jAnakArI milatI haiM, jaise - manu evaM yAjJavalkya ke anusAra garbhAdhAna hetu amAvasyA, pUrNamAsI, aSTamI, caturdazI ko chor3a denA caahie| mUla evaM maghA nakSatra bhI isa karma hetu tyAjya batAe gae haiN| 182 18' dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-182, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980. manusmRti, sampAdaka- paM. zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, adhyAya-pahalA, zloka-45, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI 183 yAjJavalkyasmRti, sampAdaka- paM. zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, adhyAya pahalA, zloka-76, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI / sAgAradharmAmRta, anu.-A. supArzvamati, adhyAya-tRtIya, pR.-176, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat prissd| 15 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama khaNDa), udaya-prathama, pR.-5, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1922 186 jainasaMskAravidhi, paM. nAthUlAla jaina, adhyAya-2, pR.-5-6, zrI vIranirvANa grantha, prakAzana samiti, gommaTagirI,, indaura pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa, 1668

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 113 isI prakAra anya hindU granthoM meM bhI kucha mahInoM, tithiyoM, nakSatroM, Adi ko garbhAdhAna hetu azubha mAnA gayA hai| AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ko karane se pUrva pati kI anumati evaM saMskAra-kArya meM pati kI upasthiti ko anivArya batAyA gayA hai, digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra meM pati kI upasthiti ko anivArya batAyA hai| isa saMskAra ko kisa prakAra se kiyA jAnA cAhie, arthAt kisa vidhi se yaha saMskAra kareM, isa sambandha meM donoM hI paramparAoM meM bahuta bhinnatA hai, jaise- zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AcAradinakara' nAmaka grantha meM isakI vidhi batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki garbhavatI strI evaM usakA pati sarvaprathama nakha se zikhAparyanta pUrNa snAna karake, nija varNa ke anasAra zuddha vastroM ko dhAraNa karake, AdinAtha paramAtmA kI pratimA kI zAstrAnusAra bRhatsnAtravidhi kare evaM usake snAtra ke jala ko pavitra pAtra meM saMcita kre| usake pazcAt jinapratimA kI aSTadravyoM se gIta-vAjiMtroM sahita zAstrokta pUjA kre| pUjA karane ke pazcAt gRhastha-guru sadhavA striyoM ke hAthoM se usa garbhavatI strI ko snAtra ke jala se siMcita kraae| tatpazcAt sarva jalAzayoM ke jala ko ekatrita kara usameM sahasramUla-cUrNa DAlakara zAntidevI ke maMtra dvArA use abhimaMtrita kare yA garbhitastotra dvArA sAta bAra use abhimaMtrita kre| isa abhimaMtrita jala se maMgalagIta gAtI huI putravAn sadhavA striyA~ garbhavatI strI ko snAna kraaeN| usake bAda garbhavatI upayukta sAjasajjA kara pati ke sAtha vastrAMcala-granthibandhana ke lie pati ke vAmapArzva meM zubha-Asana para svastika karake baitthe| vidhikAraka granthiyojana-maMtra dvArA granthibandhana kre| usake bAda gRhastha-guru (vidhikAraka) unake sAmane pAdapITha para padmAsana meM baiThakara maNi, svarNa, cAMdI evaM tAmra ke pAtroM meM paramAtmA ke snAtrajala sahita tIrthodaka ko rakhakara Arya vedamaMtra kA uccAraNa karate hue kuzAgra se yA patte se sAta bAra garbhiNI ke sira evaM zarIra ko abhisiMcita kre| usake bAda paMcaparameSThImaMtra kA smaraNa karate hue daMpatti Asana se uThe evaM jinapratimA ke samIpa jAkara zakrastava se jinavaMdana kre| yathAzakti paramAtmA ke samakSa phala, vastra, svarNamudrA, maNiratna, Adi cddh'aae| usake pazcAt apanI zakti ke anurUpa gRhastha-guru (vidhikAraka) 187 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, (bhAga prathama), adhyAya-6, pR.-181, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa, 1980 * AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama khaNDa), udaya-prathama, pR.-5, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1622 /

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114 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI ko bhI vastra, svarNamudrA (dravya), AbharaNa, Adi kA dAna de| gRhastha-guru una donoM ko AzIrvAda de| isake bAda maMtra dvArA granthi-vimocana karake upAzraya meM jAkara daMpatti sAdhujanoM ko guruvaMdana ke pATha se vaMdana kare evaM unako nirdoSa AhAra, vastra, pAtra, Adi kA dAna de| AcAradinakara meM jaina-paramparA anusAra yaha garbhAdhAna-saMskAra kI vidhi batAI hai| usake bAda apane kulAcAra ke anusAra kuladevatA, gRhadevatA evaM nagaradevatA kI pUjA kre| digambara-paramparA ke "AdipurANa"86 nAmaka grantha meM isa saMskAra kI vidhi ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai - caturtha snAna ke dvArA zuddha huI rajasvalA patnI ko Age kara garbhAdhAna ke pUrva arihaMtadeva kI pUjA dvArA maMtrapUrvaka yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa kriyA (saMskAra) kI pUjA meM jinendra paramAtmA kI dAhinI ora tIna cakra, bAIM aura tIna chatra aura sAmane tIna pavitra agniyoM kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| __ arihantadeva kI pUjA karane ke pazcAt zeSa bace hue pavitra dravya se putra utpanna hone kI icchA kara (putraprApti kI icchA se) maMtrapUrvaka una tIna agniyoM meM Ahuti dI jAtI hai| isa prakAra garbhAdhAnakriyA ko vidhipUrvaka karane ke pazcAt strI aura puruSa- donoM viSayAnurAga ke binA mAtra santAna kI prApti ke lie samAgama karate haiN| digambara-paramparA meM garbhAdhAna kI yahI vidhi batAI gaI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM vividha gRhyasUtroM meM isakI bhinna-bhinna kriyAvidhi batAI gaI hai| atharvaveda, bRhadAraNyakopaniSad', AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, zaMkhAyanagRhyasUtra, pAraskaragRhyasUtra,83 Adi meM bhI isa saMskAra kI vidhi milatI hai| zaMkhAyanagRhyasUtra meM isakA varNana isa prakAra milatA hai- vivAha kI tIna rAta vyatIta ho jAne para cauthI rAtri ko pati agni meM pake hue bhojana kI ATha AhutiyA~ detA hai| isake pazcAt adhyaNDA nAmaka vRkSa kI jar3a ko kUTakara usake 96 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-245, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, __ sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 10 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga prathama) pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-181, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 *" bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, bhASyakAra bhagavAna zaMkara, adhyAya-6/4/21, pR.-1357, govinda bhavana kAryAlaya, gItA presa, gorakhapura 2052 162 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga prathama) pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-181, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 / 163 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-181, uttarapradeza hindI __ saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 164 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-181, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 115 jala ko patnI kI nAka para chir3akatA hai, taba vaha patnI ko chUtA hai| saMbhoga karate samaya "tU gandharva vizvAsu kA mukha ho"- kahatA hai| punaH, vaha patnI se kahatA hai"he ! (patnI kA nAma lekara) maiM vIrya DAlatA huuN| jisa prakAra tarakaza meM bANa ghusatA hai, usI prakAra eka nara bhrUNa tere garbhAzaya meM praveza kare aura dasa mAsa ke uparAnta eka puruSa utpanna ho|" pAraskaragRhyasUtra meM bhI yahI vidhi kahI gaI hai| ApastambagRhyasUtra tathA gobhila ne bhI saMkSepa meM isI vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, kintu unake mantrapATha bhinna haiN| bhAradvAjagRhyasUtra'16 meM eka vizeSa bAta kA ullekha milatA hai ki rajasvalA strI cauthe dina snAnoparAnta zveta vastra dhAraNa kare, AbhUSaNa pahane evaM yogya brAhmaNoM se bAta kare - anya kisI vyakti se bAta na kre| isI bAta ko vaikhAnasa meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai ki vaha aMgarAga kA lepa kare, kisI nArI yA zUdra se bAta na kare, pati ko chor3akara kisI anya ko na dekhe, kyoMki snAnoparAnta vaha jise dekhegI, usI ke samAna santAna hogI - aisI mAnyatA hai| yahI bAta zaMkhasmRti meM bhI ullekhita hai| rajasvalA nAriyA~ usa avadhi meM jinheM dekhatI haiM, unhIM ke guNa unakI santAnoM meM A jAte haiM, kintu isa prakAra kI carcA prAyaH zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM kahIM dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA meM jisa prakAra saMskAra ke prAraMbha meM arhatpUjana kA vidhAna kiyA hai, ThIka usI prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM gobhilasmRti ke anusAra sabhI saMskAroM ke Arambha meM gaNAdhIza, arthAt gaNapati ke sAtha mAtRkApUjana kie jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko apane-apane DhaMga se evaM apanI-apanI zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha vidhi kucha vistRta evaM adhika spaSTa rUpa se milatI hai| isa saMskAra ko kaunase nakSatra, tithi, vAra, Adi meM kiyA jAnA cAhie- isakA spaSTa nirUpaNa vardhamAnasUri ne kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha vidhi saMkSipta rUpa se kahI gaI hai, jaise - arihantadeva kI pUjA kA nirdeza karake bhI vaha pUjA kisa 165 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-182, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 166 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-182, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 167 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-182, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 166 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (bhAga prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-186, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 .

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116 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI prakAra kareM- isakA spaSTa nirdeza usameM nahIM kiyA gayA hai, jabaki vardhamAnasUri ne pUjAvidhi kA vistRta ullekha kiyA hai| saMkSepa meM, tInoM hI paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura sabhI ne ise saMskAroM meM prathama sthAna diyA hai| sAtha hI ise pati kI sAkSI meM hI karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| bhinnatA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAe, to zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbhAdhAna ke pAMca mAsa pUrNa hone para kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM garbhAdhAna hetu hI yaha kriyA kI jAtI hai| upasaMhAra - isa tulanAtmaka-vivecana ke pazcAta hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA evaM AvazyakatA ko lekara kucha samIkSAtmaka vivecana prastuta karanA cAhate haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki pravRttipradhAna gRhidharma ke paripAlana ke lie tathA vaMza-paramparA ko Age bar3hAne ke lie isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA hai| yadyapi saMsAra meM binA saMskAra ke bhI garbhAdhAna aura vaMzavRddhi hotI dekhI jAtI hai, kintu susaMskArita santAna kI prApti ke lie saMskArakriyA ko prAcInakAla se hI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| prAcInakAla meM abhimanyu, Adi kI kathAoM ke mAdhyama se isa bAta ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki garbhastha-bAlaka para bhI bAhya-paristhitiyoM ke acche-bure saMskAra par3ate haiN| aba to Adhunika vijJAna bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra karane lagA hai ki pariveza kA prabhAva garbha para par3atA hai aura isa dRSTi se garbhAdhAna-saMskAra kI upAdeyatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| phira bhI samIkSAtmaka-dRSTi se hameM yaha bAta samajha lenA cAhie ki jahA~ vaidika aura digambara-paramparAe~ isa saMskAra ko garbhasthApana kI dRSTi se Avazyaka mAnatI haiM, vahIM zvetAmbara-paramparA meM garbha ke saMrakSaNa aura use saMskArita karane ke lie isa saMskAra ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| AcArya vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra ke kAla kA jo nirdhAraNa kiyA hai, vaha vastutaH unakI nivRttipradhAna dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| garbha ke sthApanA nimitta saMskAra karanA aura sthApita garbha ke saMrakSaNa aura saMskArita karane hetu saMskAra karanA - ina donoM dRSTikoNoM meM mahat antara hai, ise hameM samajhanA hogaa| garbhasthApana hetu saMskAra karane kI jo bAta digambara-paramparA aura vizeSa rUpa se hindU-paramparA meM kahI gaI hai, vaha kahIM-na-kahIM pravRttimArga kI saMpoSaka hai, jabaki vardhamAnasUri dvArA viracita AcAradinakara meM garbhAdhAna ke pAMca mAha pazcAt jo isa saMskAra kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha unakI nivRttimArgI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai aura usameM garbha ke kalyANa kI hI bAta pramukha hai| yahA~ sAMsArika-pravRttiyoM ke poSaNa kA nahIM, apitu unheM

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117 varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saMyamita evaM saMskArita karane kA dRSTikoNa pramukha hai| isa prakAra prastuta saMskAra ke sambandha meM AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita vardhamAnasUri kA dRSTikoNa jainadharma kI nivRttimArgI paramparA kA saMpoSaka hI pratIta hotA hai| puMsavana-saMskAra puMsavana-saMskAra kA svarUpa - garbhAdhAna ke pazcAt garbha se putra kI prApti ho- isa hetu puMsavana nAmaka saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| puMsavana zabda kA abhiprAya - vaha karma, jisake anuSThAna se 'puM-pumAn' (puruSa) kA janma ho| sambhavataH, isa saMskAra ko yaha nAma isalie diyA gayA, kyoMki isake karane se garbha se putrotpatti hotI thI- aisI loka-pracalita mAnyatA thI (pumAn prasUyate yena tat puMsavanamIritam-saMskAraprakAza6) puMsavana zabda atharvaveda00 meM bhI AyA hai, jisakA zAbdika artha hai -"lar3ake ko janma denaa|" isa avasara para gAe jAne vAle gItoM yA RcAoM meM bhI putrajanma kI hI kAmanA kI jAtI hai| prAcIna samaya meM puruSa pradhAna saMskRti hone ke kAraNa putra ko janma dene vAlI mAtA kI prazaMsA kI jAtI thI tathA samAja meM puruSa ko sammAnita sthAna prApta thaa| yaha paramparA usa yuga se calI A rahI hai, jaba yuddha ke lie puruSoM kI AvazyakatA adhika hotI thI, kyoMki pratyeka yuddha ke bAda puruSa-saMkhyA meM kamI A jAtI thii| usa kamI ko pUrA karane ke lie prAcIna samaya se hI yaha puMsavana-saMskAra sambandhI kriyA kI jAtI rahI hai| yadi santati strI bhI ho, to bhI AzA to yahI kI jAtI thI ki vaha Age calakara puruSa-saMtAna ko janma degii| vartamAna pariprekSya meM aba isa saMskAra kA itanA adhika mahatva nahIM rahA hai, ataH yaha saMskAra prAyaH upekSita hai| ___ vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara201 ke anusAra zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbha ke ATha mAsa vyatIta ho jAne para tathA sarvadohada (garbhavatI strI kI kAmanAe~) pUrNa hone ke pazcAt garbhastha zizu ke sampUrNa aMga-upAMga pUrNataH vikasita hone para zarIra meM pUrNIbhAva pramodarUpa stanoM meM dUdha kI utpatti ke sUcakArtha yaha 166 dekheM - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-187-188 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 200 dekheM - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6 pR.-188 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 101 "AcAradinakara", zrI vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-dvitIya, pra.-8, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe (sana 1622)

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118 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA alaga se koI vivecana nahIM milatA hai, yadyapi unake suprIti02 nAmaka saMskAra se isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbha kI puSTi aura uttama santAna kI kAmanA se garbhAdhAna ke pA~caveM mAha meM devArAdhana ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| yaha saMskAra putrotpatti hetu hI kiyA jAtA hai- aisA ullekha digambara-granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai, jabaki vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra tejasvI putra kI kAmanA se kiyA jAtA hai| yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie- isa sambandha meM sabakI alaga-alaga dhAraNA hai, koI ise dvitIya mAsa meM, to koI ise sImantonnayana-saMskAra ke bAda, arthAt cauthe mAsa ke pazcAt yaha saMskAra karane ko kahatA hai| isI prakAra kitane hI vidvAn pAMcaveM yA AThaveM mAsa ke pazcAt bhI yaha saMskAra karane ke lie kahate haiM, parantu AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra203 ke anusAra tIsare mahIne meM yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke anuSThAna kA samaya garbha ke dvitIya se aSTama mAsa taka mAnA gayA hai| saMskArakartA - zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jaina-brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kauna karavAe- isakA spaSTa nirdeza AdipurANa meM milatA hai| usake anusAra jise vidyAe~ siddha ho gaIM haiM, jo sapheda vastra pahane hue hai, pavitra yajJopavIta dhAraNa kie hue hai aura jisakA citta AkulatA se rahita hai- aisA dvija maMtroM dvArA samasta kriyAe~ kre| sAmAnyatayA, jaina-brAhmaNa hI yaha saMskAra karavAte haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbhiNI strI kA pati yA usake abhAva meM devara yaha saMskAra karavAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI hai - puMsavanasaMskAra kI vidhi - __ vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra garbha ke ATha mAsa vyatIta ho jAne para, sarvadohada pUrNa ho jAne para, garbhastha zizu ke sampUrNa aMga-upAMga pUrNataH vikasita ho jAne para zarIra ke pUrNIbhAva evaM usake pramodarUpa stanoM meM dUdha kI utpatti kA 202 "AdipurANa" zrI jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 / 203 dekheM - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-188 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 /

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 119 sUcaka puMsavanakarma karanA caahie| jyotiSAnusAra yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, isakA bhI vardhamAnasUri ne isameM ullekha kiyA hai| gRhastha-guru ke veza ko dhAraNa kie hue vidhikAraka-guru susajjita garbhavatI strI ko rAtri ke caturtha prahara meM jisa samaya gagana meM tAreM hoM, usa samaya zrRMgArita sadhavA striyoM dvArA maMgalagAna gAte hue telamardana aura ubaTana lagavAkara jala se snAna krvaae| tadanantara prabhAta hone para bhavya vastrAbhUSaNoM se susajjita usa garbhiNI strI kI upasthiti meM svajana, sambandhI yA vidhikAraka-guru svayaM gRhacaitya meM sthita jinabimba ko paMcAmRta se bRhatsnAtra-vidhipUrvaka snAna kraae| tatpazcAt jinapratimA ko sahastramUla evaM samasta tIrthajala se snAna karAe tathA usa snAtrajala ko zubha pAtra meM saMcita kre| tadanantara gRhastha-guru pati yA devara Adi janoM kI sAkSI meM zubha-Asana para sthita garbhiNI strI ke sira, stana evaM udara ko vidhipUrvaka vedamaMtroccArapUrvaka snAtrajala se ATha bAra abhisiMcita kre| tatpazcAt garbhavatI strI Asana se uThakara sarvajAti ke ATha phala tathA sone-cA~dI kI ATha mudrAe~, praNAma karake jinapratimA ke sammukha rkhe| tadanantara vidhikAraka guru ko dAna-dakSiNA de| usake bAda upAzraya meM jAkara sAdhuoM ko vandana kare, yathAzakti dAna de| tatpazcAt apane se AyuSya meM bar3e logoM ko namaskAra karake kulAcAra ke anusAra kuladevatA, Adi kI pUjA kre| anta meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita sAmagriyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| isa vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka-vivecana - puMsavana nAmaka saMskAra ko lekara jaina-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA kI apanI-apanI avadhAraNAe~ haiN| isI prakAra puMsavana-saMskAra kI vidhi evaM samaya ko lekara bhI donoM kA apanA-apanA maMtavya hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara204 ke anusAra yaha saMskAra garbhadhAraNa se AThaveM mAha pazcAt karane kA vidhAna hai, arthAt garbha ke pUrNa vikasita hone para hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM isa nAma kA koI saMskAra ullekhita nahIM hai, parantu usa paramparA ke suprIti-saMskAra205 ko 204 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama bhAga), udaya-dvitIya, pR.-8, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1622 'AdipurANa, zrI jinasenAcAryakRta (dvitIya bhAga), anuvAdaka - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNaH 2000 /

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120 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI isa saMskAra ke samAna mAna sakate haiN| isa saMskAra ko digambara-paramparA meM putrotpatti ke sUcakArtha nahIM, varan garbha ke puSTa evaM uttama santAna-prApti kI kAmanA se garbhAdhAna ke pAMcaveM mAha meM kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra putraprApti kI kAmanA se kiyA jAtA hai, kintu isa paramparA meM yaha saMskAra sAmAnyataH garbhAdhAna se tIsare mAsa ke pazcAt karane kA vidhAna hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra ke samaya ke sambandha meM sabake apane-apane mata haiN| ApastambagRhyasUtra, hiraNyakezigRhyasUtra evaM bhAradvAjagRhyasUtra ke matAnusAra yaha saMskAra sImantonnayana ke uparAnta hotA hai|206 Apastamba to ise garbha ke lakSaNa spaSTa ho jAne para hI karane ko kahate haiN| pAraskara, baijavApa, jAtakarNya, gobhila, khAdira, Adi bhI isake samaya ke sambandha meM ekamata nahIM haiN| kAThakagRhyasUtra garbhAdhAna ke pAMcaveM tathA mAnavagRhyasUtra ne AThaveM mAsa meM puMsavana karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| isa prakAra vaidika- paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke upayukta samaya ke sambandha meM sabakI alaga-alaga avadhAraNA hai, kintu AcAradinakara kA mata mAnavagRhyasUtra se milatA hai| isa saMskAra ko kisa samaya, arthAt kaunase graha, nakSatra evaM vAroM meM karanA cAhie- isakA nirdezana karate hue AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri kahate haiMnakSatroM meM mUla, punarvasu, puSya, hasta, mRgazIrSa aura zravaNa nakSatra evaM vAroM meM maMgalavAra, guruvAra evaM ravivAra puMsavanakarma ke lie ucita mAne gae haiN| chaThaveM mAsa meM yA AThaveM mAsa meM bhI yadi usake svAmI, arthAt pati ko abhukta puruSa lagna ho, to bhI isa saMskAra kI kriyA kI jAnA iSTa hai| sAmAnyatayA azubha tithi, nakSatra, yogoM kA tyAga karake garbhavatI strI ke pati ke caMdrabala meM hI puMsavana-saMskAra karanA caahie| digambara-paramparA meM kiyA jAne vAlA suprIti nAmaka saMskAra, jise hama puMsavana-saMskAra ke samAnAntara hI mAna sakate haiM, kisa samaya, arthAt kina nakSatroM Adi meM kiyA jAnA cAhie ? usakA ullekha prAcIna sAhitya meM to nahIM milatA hai, parantu nAthUlAla zAstrI kI jaina-saMskAra-vidhi meM jyotiSa sambandhI ullekha avazya milate haiM, jaise- suprIti yA puMsavanakriyA zravaNa, rohiNI, puSya nakSatra, ravi, maMgala, guru, zukravAra, dvitIyA, tRtIyA, paMcamI, saptamI, dazamI, ekAdazI, dvAdazI, trayodazI-tithi meM kreN|206 vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kina 206 dekheM - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-188 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 / / 207 dekheM - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-188 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 206 jaina saMskAra vidhi, paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, adhyAya-2, pR.-7-8, zrI vIranirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, gommaTagirI, indaura, pAMcavIM AvRtti 2000 /

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 121 nakSatroM meM kiyA jAnA cAhie- isakA dizA-nirdezana karate hue AzvalAyanagahyasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki garbha ke tIsare mahIne tiSya (puSya) nakSatra ke dina yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai|06 isI prakAra kucha vidvAn isa saMskAra ko puruSa-nakSatra meM karane ke lie kahate haiN| puruSa-nakSatra ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM kA eka mata nahIM hai| smRticandrikA dvArA uddhRta eka zloka meM hasta, mUla, zravaNa, punarvasu, mRgazirA evaM puSya puruSa-nakSatra kahe gae haiN| saMskAramayUkha meM ullekhita nAradIyasUtra ke anusAra rohiNI, pUrvabhAdrapadA evaM uttarabhAdrapadA bhI puruSa-nakSatra haiN| isa prakAra kitane hI mata haiM, jinake vistAra meM jAnA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM arahanta paramAtmA kI pUjA evaM sAdhuoM kI bhakti ke sAtha vidhi karAne vAle ko dAna dekara yaha saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra digambara-paramparA meM bhI suprIti nAmaka saMskAra arahaMta devArAdhana ke sAtha sampanna karane kA nirdeza milatA hai, parantu sAdhuoM kI bhakti evaM kriyAkAraka ko dAna dene ke sambandha meM yahA~ koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM homa, sema evaM jau ke sAtha dadhi-pAna evaM strI kI nAka meM koI auSadhi DAlane kI kriyAoM ke sAtha yaha saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparAoM meM isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa nirdeza hamArI jAnakArI meM nahIM zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko karate samaya kucha maMtroM kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai, jaise- paramAtmA ke snAtrajala se nimna maMtra bolate hue garbhiNI strI ke sira, stana evaM udara ko abhisikta karate haiM12 - ___"U~ arha namastIrthaMkaranAmakarmapratibandhasaMprAptasurAsurendrapUjAyArhate Atmane tvamAtmAyuH karmabandha prApyaM taM manuSya janma garbhAvAsamavApto'si tadbhavajanmajarAmaraNagarbhavAsa vicchittaye prAptArhaddharmo'rhadbhaktaH samyaktvanizcalaH kulabhUSaNaH sukhena tvjnmaastu| bhavatu tavatvanmAtApitroH kulasyAbhyudayaH tataH zAntiH tuSTivRddhiH RddhiH kAntiH sanAtanI, aha~ uuN|" 206 dekheM - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-188 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 210 dekheM - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-188 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 2" dekheM - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-188 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 2 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-dvitIya udaya, pR.-6, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622 /

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI digambara- paramparA meM bhI suprIti-saMskAra ko karane ke lie maMtroM kA vidhAna kiyA hai, para yaha maMtra kisa samaya bole jAnA cAhie- isakA spaSTa nirdeza evaM isakI vidhi na milane ke kAraNa hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki yaha maMtra saMskAra karate samaya, kisa samaya boleM, parantu AdipurANa meM jo isake maMtra batAe gae haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM _ 213 122 " avatAra kalyANI bhava, mandarendrAbhiSeka kalyANabhAgI bhava, niSkrAnti kalyANabhAgI bhava, Arhantya kalyANabhAgI bhava, paramanirvANa kalyANabhAgI bhava / " vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra ko karane ke lie kucha maMtroM kA nirdeza diyA hai| vIryavAn aura balavAn putra kI prApti ke lie eka jalapAtra strI ke aMka meM rakhakara usake udara kA sparza karate hue 'suparNo'si', Adi mantra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra isa saMskAra ke kie jAne ke samaya bole jAne vAle maMtroM meM tInoM paramparAoM meM matabheda haiN| 214 215 zvetAmbara - paramparA ke AcAradinakara nAmaka grantha meM pratipAdita puMsavana saMskAra kI sampUrNa vidhi karane ke pazcAt kulAcAra ke anurUpa kuladevatA, Adi kI pUjA evaM saMskAra hetu Avazyaka sAmagrI kA bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki digambara- paramparA evaM vaidika paramparA meM aisA koI nirdeza hameM prApta nahIM hotA hai, parantu zvetAmbara - paramparA meM jisa prakAra sarvaprathama arhatpUjA karane kA nirdeza milatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra vaidika paramparA meM gaNAdhIza ke sAtha mAtRkApUjana kA nirdeza milatA hai| yaha saMskAra pratyeka garbhadhAraNa ke samaya karanA cAhie yA nahIM ? isa sambandha meM jaina - paramparA meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA, para vaidika - paramparA kI smRtiyoM meM isa prazna para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| zaunaka 26 ke anusAra yaha kRtya pratyeka garbhadhAraNa ke pazcAt karanA cAhie, jabaki yAjJavalkyasmRti' _ 217 para 213 214 215 216 217 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAda- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva cAlIsavA~, pR. 303, bhAratIya vidyApITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa - 2000 / hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya- pAMcavA~ (dvitIya pariccheda) pR. 74-75, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa - 1665 / AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya - dvitIya, pR. 6, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622 / hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya- pAMcavA~ (dvitIya pariccheda) pR. 76, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa - 1665 / hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya - pAMcavA~ (dvitIya pariccheda) pR. 76, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 / -

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123 vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vijJAnezvarapraNIta mitAkSarATIkA meM isa saMskAra ko eka bAra hI sampAdana karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki donoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra apanI-apanI mAnyatA ke anurUpa kiyA jAtA hai, para isa saMskAra kA prayojana zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra zarIra meM pUrNIbhAva pramodarUpa stanoM meM dUdha kI utpatti ke sUcakArtha hai, to vaidika-paramparA ke anusAra putra kI prApti karanA hI hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa vidhi kA vivecana sarala DhaMga se kiyA hai| yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM vaidika-paramparA meM batAI gaI vidhi se yaha vidhi kucha vistRta hai, parantu isameM kartA, hetu Adi sabhI nirdeza bahuta spaSTa die gae haiN| digambara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra-vidhi hetu Avazyaka sabhI bAtoM kA vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhA~ti vaidika-paramparA meM bhI kucha eka dizAnirdeza milate haiM, jaise- amukavAra, amukanakSatra, Adi meM yaha saMskAra karanA cAhie, ityaadi| jJAtavya hai ki vaidika-paramparA meM garbharakSaNa-saMskAra ko bhI puMsavana-saMskAra kA hI eka bhAga mAnA hai| upasaMhAra - isa tulanAtmaka-vivecana ke pazcAt hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA, AvazyakatA evaM prayojana ko lekara samIkSAtmaka-vivecana prastuta kreNge| hama pAte haiM ki garbhAdhAna ke pazcAt kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra apane-Apa meM mahatvapUrNa hai| isa saMskAra ko karane kA uddezya hI isakI mahattA ko ujAgara kara detA hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM hara yuddha ke pazcAt puruSoM kI saMkhyA kama ho jAtI thI, jinakI pUrti karane ke uddezya se garbhiNI strI ko isa saMskAra se saMskArita kara putraprApti kI kAmanA kI jAtI thI, jisase garbhiNI strI putra ko janma de tathA puruSoM kI kamI na hoN| dUsarA, yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya puruSa-pradhAna saMskRti ke kAraNa puruSa ko sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA thA tathA putra kI mAtA ko bahumAna kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA thA, ataH putrotpatti kI kAmanA svAbhAvika thI, kyoMki hara mAtA isa bahumAna ko prApta karane kI icchA rakhatI thI, isI hetu ve isa saMskAra ko sampanna karatI thiiN|| digambara-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra patraprApti heta nahIM, varana garbha ke puSTa hone evaM uttama santAna kI kAmanA se kiyA jAtA hai, jisake pIche zAyada aisI mAnyatA rahI hogI ki putra yA putrI kI prApti to karmAnusAra hotI hai, para garbhastha jIva ke puSTa hone evaM uttama santAna kI prApti kI kAmanA to kI jA sakatI hai| digambara grantha sAgAradharmAmRta meM putra kI AvazyakatA batAte hue yogya

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124 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI putra kI prApti hetu prayatna karane ke lie kahA gayA hai, jo isa bAta kA samarthaka hai ki digambara-paramparA meM bhI santAna "putra" ho, isake lie prayatna kie jAte the, parantu digambara-grantha AdipurANa meM isa prakAra kA koI nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra ko putra-prApti kA hetu na mAnakara garbha kI zarIra-racanA ke pazcAt pramodarUpa mAtA ke stanoM meM dUdha kI utpatti ke lie mAnA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne apanA yaha maMtavya nizcita rUpa se jaina-dharma ke karmasiddhAMta ko anulakSya meM rakhakara hI diyA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| unhoMne saMtAna putrarUpa hI ho- aisA na mAnakara putra-putrI meM samabhAva batAyA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM putraprApti ke sAtha-sAtha parAkramI evaM balavAna bAlaka kI prApti ke lie yaha saMskAra karane kA ullekha bhI milatA hai, jo vastutaH prAcIna samaya meM yuddha hetu parAkramI evaM balavAn puruSa kI AvazyakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA jAtA rahA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiM, kintu vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra kA tAtparya digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA se kucha haTakara kiyA hai, jo vartamAna pariprekSya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue atyanta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| janma-saMskAra (jAtakarma-saMskAra) janma-saMskAra kA svarUpa - janma-saMskAra ke nAma se hI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve vidhi-vidhAna, jo zizu ke janma ke samaya kie jAte haiM, janma-saMskAra kahalAte haiN| Adima-mAnava ke lie zizu kA janma eka atyanta Azcaryajanaka dRzya thaa| isa vismayajanaka ghaTanA kA zreya usane kisI atimAnavIya-zakti ko pradAna kiyaa| isa avasara para use aneka saMkaToM tathA vipadAoM kI bhI AzaMkA huI, jinake upazamana ke lie aneka prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna astitva meM aae| prasUtA strI aura navajAta zizu kI prasavajanya azaucakAlIna sthiti ke lie sahaja sAvadhAnI tathA surakSA apekSita thI, jisake phalasvarUpa jAtakarma se sambaddha aneka vidhi-vidhAna kie jAne lge| isa saMskAra kA mUlabhUta prayojana laukika evaM alaukika-zaktiyoM ke bhaya se prasUtA evaM prasava ko mukta karavAnA thA, jisase zizu kA prasava bhalI-bhA~ti ho sake evaM prasUtA kA bhI kisI prakAra kA koI aniSTa na ho| isa janma-saMskAra ko vaidika evaM jaina- donoM hI paramparAoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AcAradinakara nAmaka grantha meM vardhamAnasUri ne

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 125 janma-saMskAra18 kI vidhi kA bahuta sundara vivecana kiyA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbhakAla kI avadhi pUrNa hone para, garbha kA prasava hone ke samaya kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra ko priyodbhava-saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa paramparA meM bhI zizu kA janma hone para yaha saMskAra vividha vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAtha sampanna karAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jAtakarma ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| usameM bhI yaha saMskAra zizu kA janma hone ke pazcAt kiyA jAtA hai, parantu vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra meM putra ke hone para kucha vizeSa vidhi-vidhAna karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| taittirIya-saMhitA220 ke anusAra - "jaba kisI ko putra utpanna ho, to use bAraha vibhinna pAtroM meM pakI huI roTI (puroDAza) kI bali vaizvAnara (agni) ko denA caahie|" isase spaSTa hotA hai ki lar3ake ke janma para vaizvAnareSTikRtya kiyA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra dUsare bhI anya vidhi-vidhAna kie jAte the| isa prakAra tInoM paramparA yaha saMskAra apanI-apanI vidhi ke anusAra sampanna karavAtI hai| saMskAra kA kartA - zvetAmbara-paramparA meM AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra jaina-brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAe jAte haiM, yadyapi vartamAna meM ye kriyAe~ hinda-brAhmaNa hI karavAte haiN| digambara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko karavAne kA adhikArI kauna hai ? isa sambandha meM AdipurANa meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai- jise vidyAe~ siddha ho gaI haiM, jo sapheda vastra pahane hue hai, pavitra yajJopavIta dhAraNa kie hue hai aura jisakA citta AkulatA se rahita hai, aisA dvija maMtroM dvArA samasta kriyAe~ krvaae| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra brAhmaNa dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai, yadyapi kahIM-kahIM zizu ke pitA dvArA bhI yaha saMskAra karavAne kA ullekha milatA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pratipAdita kI hai 8 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama bhAga), udaya-tRtIya, pR.-6, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 219 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa, 2000. 220 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-162, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa, 1680. .

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126 ma - saMskAra kI vidhi janma garbhakAla ke apekSita mAsa- dina Adi kI kAlAvadhi pUrNa hone para gRhastha-guru jyotiSI sahita zoragula se rahita ekAnta tathA striyoM, bAlakoM, Adi ke AvAgamana se rahita evaM sUtikAgRha ke atyanta samIpa ke sthala para ghaTikA - pAtra rakhakara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka paMcaparameSThI kA jApa kre| pahale se hI tithi, vAra, Adi kA vicAra na kre| bAlaka ke hone para gRhastha- guru jyotiSI ko janma- samaya kA pUrA jJAna prApta karane kA nirdeza de| usake bAda bAlaka ke pitRpakSa ke loga nAla chinna hone se pUrva gRhastha- guru evaM jyotiSI ko dAna-dakSiNA deM, kyoMki nAla chinna hone para sUtaka prArambha ho jAtA hai / tadanantara gRhastha- guru evaM jyotiSI, bAlaka tathA usake parijanoM ko AzIrvAda pradAna kreN| usake bAda jyotiSI janmalagna batAkara apane ghara calA jaae| tatpazcAt gRhastha- guru jaccA kA sUtikAkarma karane hetu kula kI vRddhAoM evaM dAioM ko nirdeza de tathA anya gRha meM sthita ho bAlaka ke snAnArtha jala ko sAta bAra maMtra se abhimaMtrita kre| usa abhimaMtrita jala se kulavRddhAe~ bAlaka ko snAna kraaeN| nAla kA chedana, Adi saba kriyAe~ apane kulAcAra ke anurUpa kreN| bAlaka ke rakSaNa hetu gRhastha- guru kisa prakAra se rakSA-poTTalikA banAe tathA use kisa maMtra se abhimaMtrita karake zizu ke hAtha meM baMdhavAe~ - isakA bhI prasaMgavaza isa vidhi meM ullekha huA hai| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI anta meM vicakSaNa vyaktiyoM ko isa saMskAra hetu kina-kina sAmagriyoM kA saMgraha karanA cAhie- isakA ullekha karate hue yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki yadi zizu kA janma AzleSA, jyeSThA, mUla-nakSatra meM, gaNDAnta yA bhadrA - nakSatra meM huA ho, to vaha usake pitA tathA usake kula ke duHkha, dAridraya, zoka evaM maraNa kA kAraNa banatA hai, ataH pitA va kula ke jyeSTha logoM ko zAntikavidhAna kie binA zizu kA mukha nahIM dekhanA caahie| isa vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| ke tulanAtmaka - vivecana janmasaMskAra tInoM paramparAoM meM kie jAte haiM, arthAt tInoM hI paramparAe~ isa saMskAra ko svIkAra karatI haiM, yadyapi nAmoM meM bhinnatA hai, jaise -

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 222 zvetAmbara - paramparA ke AcAradinakara meM ise janmasaMskAra ke nAma se varNita kiyA gayA hai, to digambara jaina evaM vaidika paramparA meM ise kramazaH priyodbhava evaM jAtakarma 223 ke nAma se vivecita kiyA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra tInoM hI paramparAoM meM bAlaka ke janma ke pazcAt hI kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM arddhamAgadhI AgamagraMtha jJAtAdharmakathA, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya evaM kalpasUtra meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu isa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha ina granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| digambara - purANoM meM isa sampUrNa kriyA ko janmAbhiSeka, janmAbhiSekotsava, janmAbhiSecana, janmotsava, Adi nAmoM se bhI ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| eka sandarbha meM ise putralAbhotsava bhI kahA gayA hai| 224 225 AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM kie jAne vAle vidhi-vidhAnoM meM zizu ke janma se pUrva kyA taiyArI rakhanA cAhie- isakA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai 226 garbhakAla ke apekSita mAsa, dina, Adi kI kAlAvadhi pUrNa hone para gRhastha- guru jyotiSIsahita ekAnta evaM zoragularahita tathA jahA~ striyoM, bAlakoM, Adi kA AvAgamana na ho aise sUtikAgRha ke atyanta samIpavartI kakSa meM ghaTikA - pAtra rakhakara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka paMcaparameSThI ke jApa meM nirata rahate hue prasava kA kAla jAnane kA prayatna kre| isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM bhI zvetAmbara - paramparA ke anurUpa hI eka mAsa pUrva se prasava kI taiyAriyA~ karane kA nirdeza hai| usameM bhI sUtikAkarma hetu ghara meM upayukta kamare kA cunAva karane se lekara aneka prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna karane kA nirdeza hai| digambara- paramparA meM isa sambandha meM hameM koI vizeSa carcA prApta nahIM hotI hai| itanA ullekha jarUra milatA hai ki prasava ke samaya garbhiNI ko sundara, svaccha evaM dIpakoM se prakAzita prasUtigRha meM le jAyA jAtA thaa| 227 221 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya-tRtIya, pR. 6, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. 222 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- ar3atIsavA~, pR. 246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 223 -221 224 - sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000. dekheM- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, ( prathama bhAga ) pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 162, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. (a) jJAtAdharmakathA sU. - 1/60-61, (ba) aupapAtika sU. - 105, ( sa ) rAjapraznIya sU. - 280 (saM. - madhukaramuni) (da) kalpasUtra sU. - 67-101 (saM. vinayasAgara) / 225 harivaMzapurANa eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, rAmamUrti caudharI, adhyAya- 2, pR. 41, sulabha prakAzana, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa: 1686 226 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga ) udaya tRtIya, pR. 6, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1622 harivaMzapurANa eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, rAmamUrti caudharI, adhyAya- 2, pR. 41, sulabha prakAzana, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1686 | 227 127

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128 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI zvetAmbara-paramparA meM bAlaka ke janma hone para sarvaprathama jyotiSI dvArA janma kA yathArtha samaya jJAta kie jAne kA bhI vidhAna hai| isa hetu jyotiSI ghaTikA lagAkara prasUtigRha ke samIpa ke kamare meM baiThe - yaha nirdeza hai| isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM bhI janmakAla kA pUrNa jJAna prApta karane ke ullekha milate haiM, para isa sambandha meM koI vizeSa nirdeza evaM vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM jyotiSI dvArA yaha saba kie jAne kA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM nAla chinna hone se pUrva hI vidhikAraka evaM jyotiSI ko yathAzakti dAna denA batAyA hai|228 isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM bhI smRticandrikA meM hArIta, zaMkha, jaiminI, Adi kA uddharaNa dete hue yaha kahA gayA hai226 - nAla kATane ke pUrva azauca nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, ataH taba taka dAnAdi diyA jA sakatA hai| dAna meM tila, sonA, paridhAna, dhAnya, Adi dene kA nirdeza hai| digambara-paramparA meM usI dina, arthAt janma vAle dina puNyAhavAcana ke sAtha-sAtha zakti ke anusAra dAna karanA cAhie aura jitanI bana sake, utanI saba jIvoM ke abhaya kI ghoSaNA karanA cAhie30 - aisA ullekha milatA hai, para yaha dAna kaba diyA jAnA cAhie, arthAt nAla ke chinna hone se pUrva yA pazcAt- isakA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAtha hI jyotiSI evaM vidhikAraka dvArA bAlaka ko die jAne vAle AzIrvAdarUpa maMtroM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM pitA hI putra ko AzIrvAda detA hai, jyotiSI evaM gRhastha-guru dvArA AzIrvAda dene kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa samaya kucha anya vidhi-vidhAna bhI kie jAte haiM, jaise-prasUtA ke snAnArtha jala ko abhimaMtrita karanA, rakSApoTalI ko rakSAmaMtra se abhimaMtrita karanA, aadi| ye vidhi-vidhAna digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA meM dekhane ko nahIM milte| kucha saMskAra aise haiM, jo digambara-paramparA meM hI maMtroccAra ke sAtha kie jAte haiM, jaise231 - nAla kA chedana "ghAtiMjayo bhava"- yaha maMtra par3hakara karanA, "tvaM mNdraabhissekaaho bhava"- yaha maMtra bolakara sugandhita jala se snAna karAnA, phira 226 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-tRtIya, pR.-10, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1622 226 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga) pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-164, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 23deg AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-cAlIsavA~, pR.-306, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 23" AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-cAlIsavA~, pR.-305-306, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana _232 234 "cirajIvyA bhava"- isa prakAra AzIrvAda dekara usa para akSata DAlanA, mukha aura nAka meM "nazyAt karmamalaM kRtsnam bhava" maMtroccAra karate hue auSadhi milAkara taiyAra kiyA huA ghI mAtrA ke anusAra DAlanA, jarAyupaTala evaM nAbhi kI nAla ko maMtroccArapUrvaka pavitra jamIna meM gAr3hanA, AkAza - darzana karAnA, Adi aneka aisI kriyAe~ haiM, jo digambara - paramparA meM vizeSa rUpa se kI jAtI haiN| isI prakAra vaidika - paramparA meM bhI kucha aise vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo mAtra vaidika paramparA meM hI milate haiM, jaise- brahmapurANa ke anusAra putrajanma ke avasara para nAMdIzrAddha karanA, bRhadAraNyakopaniSada ke anusAra dahI evaM ghRta kA maMtroM ke sAtha homa karanA, bacce ke dAhine kAna meM "vAk" zabda ko tIna bAra kahanA, svarNa-cammaca yA zalAkA se bacce ko dahI, madhu evaM ghRta caTAnA, bacce ko gupta nAma denA, mAtA ko maMtroM dvArA sambodhita karanA, zatapathAbrAhmaNa ke anusAra paMcabrAhmaNa-sthApana ( pAMca brAhmaNoM dvArA pUrva, dakSiNa, pazcima, uttara tathA Upara kI dizAoM se bacce ke Upara sAMsa lenA) homa karanA, meghAjanana, Adi aneka aise vidhi-vidhAna haiM, jo vaidika paramparA meM batAe gae haiN| yahA~ vistAra ke bhaya se una sabakA vivecana karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| vaidika paramparA kI bhA~ti digambara - paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra ke sAtha nAmakaraNa karane ke ullekha milate haiN| jisa prakAra zvetAmbara - paramparA meM AcAradinakara meM azubha nakSatroM, Adi meM santAnotpatti se utpanna prabhAvoM ko dUra karane ke lie zAntikakarma evaM pauSTikakarma, arthAt eka vizeSa vidhi kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai235, usI prakAra vaidika- paramparA meM bhI azubha nakSatroM, Adi meM santAnotpatti ke prabhAvoM ko dUra karane ke lie zAntikakarma, Adi kA nirdeza milatA hai| 236 digambara - paramparA meM paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI kI jaina-saMskAra-vidhi meM bhI azubha nakSatroM meM santAnotpatti ke prabhAvoM ko dUra karane ke lie mUla - zAnti kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| 237 isa prakAra tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke pazcAt hama dekhate haiM ki donoM hI paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra apanI-apanI paramparAoM ke anusAra hI kiyA 232 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya- 2, pR. 64, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 / 233 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 162, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 234 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 162, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 / 235 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya-tRtIya, pR. 10, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1622 / 236 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya - 6, pR. 165, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 237 jaina saMskAra vidhi, nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, adhyAya- 2, pR. 10, zrI vIranirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, gommaTagirI, indaura, pAMcavIM AvRttiH 2000 - - 129

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130 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI jAtA hai| kitane hI saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna aise bhI haiM, jo mAtra eka hI paramparA se sambandha rakhate haiM, jaise- vaidika-paramparA ke bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ke anusAra28 "putra ko sarvaprathama vimalIkRta makkhana caTAnA"- isa kriyA kA vivecana jaina-paramparA kI donoM zAkhAoM meM kahIM bhI nahIM milatA hai, kyoMki jaina-paramparA meM makkhana ko abhakSya mAnA gayA hai aura isI kAraNa isa kriyA kA ullekha vardhamAnasUri evaM jinasenAcArya ne kramazaH apane granthoM AcAradinakara evaM AdipurANa meM nahIM kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke anya grantha upAsakAdhyayanAMga meM isa saMskAra kA vivecana bahuta vistAra se milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AcAradinakara nAmaka isa grantha meM janma-saMskAra kI vidhi digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA kI apekSA sarala hone ke sAtha hI saMkSipta bhI hai| vAstava meM, yaha vidhi prasUtA evaM navajAta zizu hetu bahuta suvidhAjanaka bhI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kI vidhi zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA kI apekSA bahuta vistRta aura jaTila hai, jo prasUtA evaM navajAta ziza hetu adhika suvidhAjanaka nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vartamAna meM hindU-dharma meM una vidhi-vidhAnoM meM se kucha hI pracalana meM haiM, zeSa lupta ho gae haiN| upasaMhAra - isa tulanAtmaka-vivecana ke pazcAt jaba hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA, AvazyakatA evaM prayojana ko lekara samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, to hama pAte haiM ki atiprAcInakAla meM apanI patnI ke sahavAsa kA sukhopabhoga karane vAle puruSa ke lie isa kaThina samaya meM strI tathA zizu ke jIvana kI rakSA karanA Avazyaka thaa| isa hetu janma sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kie jAte the| patnI kI isa prasavakAlIna tIvra vedanA ko dekhakara pati kA hRdaya svabhAvataH hI vicalita ho jAtA thaa| vaha use isa pIr3A se yathAzIghra mukta karane ke lie vyagra bana jAtA thA aura isa prasava-vedanA ko sarala evaM sahaya kara dene ke lie devatAoM aura abhicArakoM kI zubhecchA ke lie prArthanA kI jAtI thI - isa bAta kI puSTi atharvaveda meM bhI milatI hai| isa prakAra janma-saMskAra kA mUlabhUta hetu prasavavedanA ko sahya banAnA thA, jo kAlAntara meM mAtA evaM zizu kI rakSA tathA azuci kI zuddhi ke sAtha saMyukta ho gaIM garmiNI strI ke prasava ke pazcAt snAna, Adi dvArA zuddhi karAnA, 238 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-165, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 /

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Adi kArya lokAcAra kI dRSTi se evaM dhArmika dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa isa saMskAra kA mahatva bahuta adhika rahA hai, kyoMki isI saMskAra meM prasava ke pazcAt daihikazuddhi kaise kareM ? isake nirdeza bhI die gae haiN| isa prakAra anya saMskAroM kI bhAMti hI yaha saMskAra bhI apane-Apa meM mahatvapUrNa hai| sUrya-candra-darzana-saMskAra sUrya-candra-darzana- saMskAra kA svarUpa zizu ke vikAsazIla jIvana meM usakA pratyeka padanyAsa yA caraNa mahatvapUrNa hotA hai aura mAtA-pitA tathA parivArajanoM ke lie harSa aura AnaMda kA avasara hotA hai, ataH use avasarocita dhArmika vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAtha manAyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM meM eka sUrya-candradarzana - saMskAra bhI hai, yaha apanI kula paramparA ke anurUpa kiyA jAtA hai| 131 prathamataH, zizu ko bAharI saMsAra se avagata karAne ke lie sUrya evaM candra kA darzana karAyA jAtA thaa| dUsare pUrvakAla meM zizu kA jIvana prAkRtika saMkaToM se surakSita nahIM thA, ataH zizu kI rakSA ke lie devatAoM kA arcana karake unakI sahAyatA prApta karane kA yatna kiyA jAtA thaa| tIsarA kAraNa hama yaha bhI mAna sakate haiM ki zizu ke ujjvala bhaviSya hetu sUrya-candra kA darzana karAyA jAtA hogA, jisase zizu meM sUrya jaisI tejasvitA evaM candramA jaisI saumyatA prakaTa ho / cauthA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki zizu ko saMsAra se paricita hone ke lie prakAza Avazyaka hai evaM sUrya aura candra prakAza ke hetu haiM, ataH unakA darzana karAnA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hogaa| vAstava meM, isa saMskAra kA mUlabhUta hetu bAlaka ko prakAza se paricita karAnA hai| sUrya evaM candra kA prakAza sRSTi ko gatizIla banAne meM sahAyakarUpa hai| inake sahAre hI saMsAra meM dina evaM rAtri kA krama anavarata gati se cala rahA hai| sUrya evaM candra sRSTi ke abhinna aMga haiM, ataH zizu kA unase paricaya karAnA Avazyaka hai| _236 vardhamAnasUra ke anusAra zvetAmbara - ra - paramparA meM sUrya-candradarzana nAmaka yaha saMskAra janma ke pazcAt tIsare dina karAyA jAtA hai| digambara- paramparA meM isa saMskAra sambandhI koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai, parantu isa saMskAra kI bhA~ti hI digambara - paramparA meM priyodbhava nAmaka kriyA meM janma se tIsare dina rAta ke samaya 236 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya cauthA, pR. 11, nirNaya sAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1622

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 240 _241 maMtroccAra ke sAtha zizu ko tAroM se suzobhita AkAza kA darzana karavAte haiN| isa paramparA meM alaga se sUrya evaM candra-darzana karavAne kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isa nAma ke saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, varan niSkramaNa nAmaka saMskAra meM hI isa saMskAra kA samAveza kara diyA gayA hai| usameM tIsare mAha meM sUryadarzana evaM cauthe mAsa meM candradarzana karavAne ke spaSTa ullekha milate haiM, jabaki jaina - paramparA meM yaha saMskAra tIsare dina karane kA ullekha hai| 132 saMskAra kA karttA - - 242 zvetAmbara - paramparA evaM vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra apanI-apanI kula - paramparA ke anusAra karate haiN| zvetAmbara - jaina - paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jaina-brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ke dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika - paramparA ke gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra yaha saMskAra mAtA-pitA karavAte the| muhUrta - saMgraha ke anusAra isa saMskAra ko sampanna karAne ke lie mAmA ko AmaMtrita karanA hotA thA, kintu paristhitiyoM meM parivartana hone ke kAraNa isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane kA adhikAra usase anya vyaktiyoM ko bhI prApta ho gyaa| saMskAraprakAza 243 meM isakA nirdeza dete hue kahA gayA hai - pati kI anupasthiti meM garbhAdhAna ko chor3akara sabhI saMskAra kisI sambandhI dvArA kie jA sakate haiN| isa prakAra hindU paramparA meM karttA ke sambandha meM matabheda haiN| digambara - paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke samarUpa AkAza- darzana nAmaka kriyA kA ullekha milatA hai| usameM " mAtA-pitA putra ko godI meM uThAkara tAroM se suzobhita AkAza kA darzana karAte haiM, kintu digambara- paramparA meM AdipurANa ke anusAra sampUrNa kriyA vaha vyakti hI karavA sakatA hai, jise vidyAe~ siddha ho gaIM haiM, jo sapheda vastra pahane hue hai, pavitra hai, yajJopavIta dhAraNa kie hue hai aura jisakA citta AkulatA se rahita hai / aisA dvija mantroM dvArA samasta saMskAroM saMbaMdhI kriyAe~ karavA sakatA hai / " AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pratipAdita kI hai 240 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 241 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya- pAMcavA~ (tRtIya pariccheda), pR. 111, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 242 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya- pAMcavA~ (tRtIya pariccheda), pR. 112, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 243 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya - 6, pR. 183, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 1 - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva - ar3atIsavA~, pR. 306, bhAratIya jJAnapITha,

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 133 sUrya-candra-darzana saMskAra - zizu ke janma ke tIsare dina gRhastha guru samIpa ke gRha meM arhat-arcanApUrvaka jinapratimA ke Age svarNa, tAmra yA rakta-caMdana kI sUrya kI pratimA ko sthApita karake vidhipUrvaka usakI pUjA kre| usake bAda zizu-mAtA snAna karake sundara vastroM evaM AbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa kare tathA donoM hAthoM meM zizu ko lekara sUrya ke sammukha jaae| vidhikAraka-guru-sUrya vedamaMtra kA uccAraNa karake mAtA aura putra ko sUrya kA darzana kraae| sUryadarzana ke bAda mAtA putrasahita guru ko namaskAra kre| tadanantara guru una donoM ko AzIrvAda pradAna kre| usake bAda vidhikAraka-guru apane sthAna para Akara sthApita jina-pratimA evaM sUrya-pratimA ko visarjita kre| mAtA evaM putra ko sUtaka hone ke kAraNa vahA~ na le jaae| tatpazcAt usa dina saMdhyAkAla ke samaya dUsare kakSa meM gRhastha-guru jinapUjApUrvaka jinapratimA ke Age sphaTika, cA~dI yA candana kI caMdra-pratimA ko sthApita kara usakI vidhipUrvaka pUjA kre| tatpazcAt sUryadarzana kI bhA~ti hI caMdrodaya ke samaya vedamaMtrapUrvaka gRhastha-guru mAtA evaM zizu ko caMdra ke darzana krvaae| caMdradarzana hone ke bAda putra ko goda meM lekara mAtA guru ko namaskAra kare tathA guru unheM AzIrvAda pradAna kre| sUtaka meM dakSiNA nahIM dI jAtI hai| usake bAda guru jinapratimA evaM caMdra-pratimA kA visarjana kre| ___ yadi usa rAtri meM caturdazI, amAvasyA hone ke kAraNa, athavA AkAza bAdaloM se DhakA hone ke kAraNa candradarzana na ho pAe, to bhI pUjana usI saMdhyA meM kare, candradarzana kisI anya rAtri ko bhI karavAyA jA sakatA hai| ___ anta meM isa vidhi se sambandhita sAmagrI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka-vivecana - vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara ke anusAra zvetAmbara-paramparA meM sUrya-candradarzana nAmaka yaha saMskAra janma ke pazcAt do dina vyatIta ho jAne para tIsare dina kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha jJAtAdharmakathA, rAjapraznIya evaM kalpasUtra meM bhI isa saMskAra kA yahI samaya batAyA gayA hai|244 aupapAtikasUtra meM janma ke dUsare hI dina yaha saMskAra karane kA 25 (a) jJAtAdharmakathA sU.-1/63 (ba) rAjapraznIya sU.-280 (saM.-madhukaramuni) (sa) kalpasUtra sU.-101 (sN.-vinysaagr)|

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134 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ullekha milatA hai,245 kintu isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha ina granthoM meM kahIM nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI AkAza-darzana tIsare dina hI karAyA jAtA hai| dina ke sambandha meM donoM ekamata haiM, kintu darzana-vidhi ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparAoM meM kucha matabheda haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha vidhi-vidhAna niSkramaNa-saMskAra ke antargata hI kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM saMskAra karane kA samaya janma ke pazcAt bArahaveM dina se caturtha mAsa taka mAnA gayA hai| bhaviSyapurANa aura bRhaspatismRti isa saMskAra ke lie janma se bArahaveM dina kA vidhAna karate haiM, kintu gRhyasUtroM evaM anya smRtiyoM ke anusAra sAmAnyataH janma ke tIsare yA cauthe mAsa meM yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| yama nAmaka grantha meM tRtIya aura caturtha mAsa ke vikalpa kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - tRtIya mAsa meM zizu ko sUryadarzana karAnA cAhie tathA caturtha mAsa meM cndrdrshn| yadi kisI prakAra uparyukta avadhi meM saMskAra sampanna nahIM ho pAtA hai, to AzvalAyana ke anusAra yaha saMskAra annaprAzana- saMskAra ke samaya avazya kiyA jAnA caahie| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra sUtikAgRha ke samIpa ke gRha meM gRhastha-guru (vidhikAraka) paramAtmA kI pUjA karane ke pazcAt jinapratimA ke Age sUrya kI pratimA ko sthApita karake vidhipUrvaka usakI bhI pUjA kare, tatpazcAt snAna se zuddha evaM vastrAlaMkAra se susajjita zizu kI mAtA ko zizusahita pratyakSa sUrya ke sammukha le jAkara gRhastha-guru nimna sUryamaMtra kA uccAraNa karake mAtA evaM putra ko sUryadarzana karAe - "OM aha~ sUryo'si, dinakaro'si, sahasrakiraNo'si, vibhAvasurasi, tamo'paho'si, priyaMkaro'si, zivaMkaro'si, jagaccakSurasi, suraveSTito'si, muniveSTito'si, vitatavimAno'si, tejomayo'si, aruNasArathirasi, mArtaNDo'si, dvAdazAtmAsi, cakrabAndhavo'si namaste bhagavan prasIdAsya kulasya tuSTiM, puSTiM, pramoda kuru-kurU sannihato bhava aha~ AUM||" 245 aupapAtikasUtra, saM.-madhukaramuni, sUtra-105 / 246 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-pAMcavA~ (tRtIya pariccheda), pR.-111, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 / / 247 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-pAMcavA~ (tRtIya pariccheda), pR.-111, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 / / 50 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-pAMcavA~ (tRtIya pariccheda), pR.-111, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 1 246 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-caturtha, pR.-11 , nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 135 sUryadarzana ke pazcAt putrasahita mAtA guru ko namaskAra karatI hai tathA guru unako AzIrvAda pradAna karatA hai| yaha kriyA karane ke pazcAt gRhastha guru punaH sUtikAgRha ke samIpa ke gRha meM, jahA~ jina - pratimA evaM sUrya-pratimA ko sthApita kiyA thA, vahA~ Akara unakA vidhipUrvaka visarjana kre| AcAradinakara meM sUryadarzana - vidhi kA isa prakAra ullekha milatA hai - 250 vaidika - paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke Arambha meM gobhila ke anusAra gaNAdhIza (gaNeza) ke sAtha mAtRkApUjana karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| isa saMskAra ke antargata prathama bAra zizu ko sUtikAgRha se bAhara lAyA jAtA thA tathA sUryadarzana karavAyA jAtA thaa| isake lie mAtA barAmade yA AMgana ke aise vargAkAra bhAga ko, jahA~ se sUrya dikhAI detA, gobara aura miTTI se lIpatI, usa para svastika kA cihna banAtI tathA dhAnyakaNoM ko vikIrNa karatI thii| phira pitA bAlaka ko bAhara lAkara ' taccakSurdevahitam ' maMtroccAra ke sAtha use sUryadarzana kraataa| jJAtavya hai ki paravartI granthoM meM isa saMskAra kA bahuta vistAra kiyA gayA hai, jaise- ATha lokapAla, sUrya, candra, vAsudeva aura AkAza kI stuti karanA / isa avasara para brAhmaNa evaM vRddhajana use AzIrvAda dete haiM - aisA bhI ullekha milatA hai, parantu AcAradinakara ke anusAra jisa maMtra se AzIrvAda diyA jAtA hai, vaidika - paramparA kA maMtra usase bhinna hai| 251 digambara- paramparA meM zvetAmbara evaM vaidika - paramparA ke anurUpa kisI viziSTa prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| priyodbhava nAmaka saMskAra meM tIsare dina 'anantajJAnadarzI bhava' 252 maMtroccAra ke sAtha tAroM se suzobhita AkAza ke darzana karAne kA hI ullekha milatA hai| isake atirikta koI vizeSa vidhi hameM prApta nahIM hotI hai / vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra zvetAmbara - paramparA meM punaH usI dina saMdhyA ke samaya sUryadarzana kI vidhi ke samAna hI caMdrodaya ke hone para caMdra ke darzana karavAne kA nirdeza milatA hai| kadAcit usa rAtri meM caturdazI yA amAvasyA hone ke kAraNa yA anya kisI kAraNa se candradarzana na ho pAe, to pUjana usI dina kareM, 250 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 186, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 251 hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya- pAMcavA~ (tRtIya pariccheda), pR. 111, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 / AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-cAlIsavA~, pR. 306, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa: 2000 | 252 -

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI caMdradarzana kisI anya rAtri ko bhI kara sakate haiM / 253 vaidika paramparA meM caMdradarzana cauthe mAsa meM karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, para isakI vidhi kyA hai ? isa saMbaMdha meM vahA~ hameM koI sAmagrI prApta nahIM hotI hai| 136 jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara - paramparA ke grantha AcAradinakara meM vidhikAraka ko isa saMskAra kI dakSiNA isa samaya dene ke lie (sUtaka hone ke kAraNa ) niSedha kiyA gayA hai| | 254 vaidika paramparA meM aise kisI vidhi - niSedha kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isI prakAra vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra hetu Avazyaka sAmagrI kA nirdeza diyA hai255, usa prakAra kA dizAnirdeza digambara evaM vaidika paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA ke AcAradinakara nAmaka grantha meM janma ke tIsare dina sUrya-candra-darzana- saMskAra kA vidhAna hai aura sAtha hI isakI saMkSipta evaM sarala vidhi bhI batAI gaI hai| vaidika paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI isakI vidhi kA saMkSipta ullekha hI milatA hai, parantu vaidika - paramparA kI paravartI racanAoM meM isakI vidhi ko vistRta rUpa dekara jaTila banA diyA gayA hai| isa saMskAra ke samaya ke sambandha meM vaidika - vidvAn ekamata nahIM haiN| koI bArahaveM dina, to koI tIsare mahIne meM, to koI cauthe mahIne meM aura koI annaprAzana ke sAtha isa saMskAra ko karane ke lie kahate haiN| digambara - paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA svataMtra rUpa se koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| mAtra priyodbhavakriyA, arthAt jAtakarma - saMskAra ke sAtha hI tIsare dina mAtra AkAza-darzana karAne kA ullekha milatA hai| upasaMhAra - isa tulanAtmaka - vivecana ke pazcAt jaba hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA evaM prayojana ko lekara samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki yaha saMskAra prAcInakAla se kiyA jAtA rahA hai, kyoMki zvetAmbara - paramparA ke Agamagrantha kalpasUtra meM bhI isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, yadyapi isakI pUrNa vidhi vahA~ hameM upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| nizcita rUpa se isa saMskAra ko kie jAne ke pIche viziSTa prayojana yahI rahA hogA ki bAlaka ko prakAza se aura usake mAdhyama se bAhyajagat se paricita karAyA jaae| hamAre jIvana meM prakAza kA atyanta 253 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya-cauthA, pR. 11, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, san 1622 254 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya-cauthA, pR. 11, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 255 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya-cauthA, pR. 11, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 137 mahatva hai| sUrya-candra prakAza ke puMja haiM, isalie bAlaka ko prakAza evaM bAhyajagat se paricita karAne hetu yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| __isakA dUsarA kAraNa hama yaha bhI mAna sakate haiM ki jisa prakAra sUrya tejasvI evaM gatizIla hai tathA candramA saumyatA evaM zAnti ko dene vAlA hai, usI prakAra yaha bAlaka bhI ina guNoM ko prApta kare- aisI kAmanA se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hogaa| kSIrAzana-saMskAra kSIrAzana-saMskAra kA svarUpa - jisa saMskAra meM kSIra, arthAt dugdha kA AhAra karAyA jAtA hai, use kSIrAzana-saMskAra kahate haiN| yaha saMskAra navajAta zizu ko vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka dugdhapAna karAe jAne se sambandhita hai| navajAta zizu ke lie sabase pauSTika AhAra yadi kucha hai, to vaha haidUdha, jise navajAta zizu kA pAcanataMtra bhalIbhA~ti pacA sakatA hai, isalie sarvaprathama zizu ko mAtA ke dugdha kA pAna karAyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra meM zizu ko maMtroccAra ke sAtha dugdhapAna karAyA jAtA hai| maMtroccAra se zuddha taraMgeM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM zizu ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| sAmAnyatayA, isa saMskAra ke pIche yaha mAnyatA rahI hogI ki mAtA aura pitA kI taraha zizu meM bhI sAtvikatA, dhairya, zUravIratA evaM parAkrama Adi guNoM kA nyAsa ho| isa saMskAra ko karane kA dUsarA kAraNa hama yaha bhI mAna sakate haiM - pratyeka mAtA apane putra kI dIrgha-AyuSya kI kAmanA karatI hai, isalie vaha amRtamaMtra ke jala se siMcita stanoM kA pAna hI zizu ko karAnA cAhatI hai tathA yaha kAmanA karatI hai ki usakA yaha dugdhapAna amRta ke samAna bana jAe aura zizu dIrgha-AyuSya ko prApta kre| isI prayojana ko lekara hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA rahA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| __ AcAradinakara ke anusAra zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra sUrya-candradarzana ke dina, arthAt janma ke tIsare dina vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka karavAyA jAtA hai|56 vardhamAnasUri dvArA pratipAdita AcAradinakara meM isakI samyak vidhi batAI gaI hai| - 256 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pAMcavA~, pR.-12, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622.

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138 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI digambara-jaina evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko alaga se koI sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai, apitu ise jAtakarma-saMskAra meM hI antarnihita kara diyA gayA hai| jAtakarma- saMskAra ke sAtha-sAtha maMtroccArapUrvaka yaha kriyA usI dina sampanna kara dI jAtI hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jainabrAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa nAmaka grantha meM yaha saMskAra pitA dvArA karAne kA saMketa milatA hai, jabaki vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra pitA yA vaidika-brAhmaNa dvArA karavAe jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| isa prakAra jaina evaM vaidika- donoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra maMtroccArapUrvaka karavAyA jAtA hai, parantu zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM "kSIrAzana-saMskAra" ko alaga se nirdezita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki anya paramparAoM meM ise svataMtra saMskAra nahIM mAnA gayA hai, apitu ise jAtakarma-saMskAra meM hI antarnihita kara diyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI haikSIrAzana-saMskAra - janma ke pazcAta tIna dina hone para candra-sUryadarzana ke dina hI ziza ko dUdha kA AhAra karAte haiN| usake lie pUrva meM batAe gae anurUpa veza ko dhAraNa karane vAle gRhastha-guru sarvaprathama amRtamaMtra ke dvArA 108 bAra abhimaMtrita kie gae tIrthajala ko zizu kI mAtA ke donoM stanoM para siMcita kare, tatpazcAt mAtA kI goda (aMka) meM sthita zizu kI nAsikA ko mAtA ke stana se lagAkara stanapAna karAte hue gRhastha-guru usa zizu ko vedamaMtra se AzIrvAda de| etadartha vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| 257 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-cAlIsavA~, pR.-3, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000

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vardhamAnasarikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 139 tulanAtmaka-vivecana - zvetAmbara-paramparA meM kSIrAzana nAmaka saMskAra ko anya saMskAroM kI bhA~ti eka svataMtra saMskAra mAnA gayA hai, jabaki digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko jAtakarma-saMskAra ke antargata mAnA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra janma ke pazcAt tIsare dina, arthAt sUrya-candradarzana ke dina hI kiyA jAtA hai, parantu digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jAtakarma ke dina hI, arthAt prathama dina hI vidhi-vidhAna evaM maMtroccAra ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| isa paramparA meM ise priyodbhava nAma kI kriyA meM hI samAhita kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI ise svataMtra saMskAra ke rUpa meM ullekhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai, unhoMne bhI ise jAtakarma meM hI antarnihita mAna liyA hai| unake anusAra bhI stanapAna ke vidhi-vidhAna digambara-paramparA kI bhA~ti hI prathama dina hI kie jAte haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM AcAradinakara ke anusAra gRhastha-guru amRtamaMtra ke dvArA 108 bAra abhimaMtrita tIrtha-jala ko zizu kI mAtA ke donoM stanoM para siMcita karate haiN| usake pazcAt hI mAtA zizu ko stanapAna karAtI hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI mAtA ke stana ko abhimaMtrita jala se abhisiMcita karane ke bAda hI stanapAna karavAne kA nirdeza milatA hai, jabaki vaidika-paramparA meM mAtra vaidika maMtroccAra ke sAtha zizu ko stanapAna karAe jAne kA ullekha hai, parantu tInoM hI paramparAoM meM saMskAra ke samaya bole jAne vAle maMtroM meM bhinnatA hai; jaise- zvetAmbara-paramparA meM mA~ ke stana ko abhisiMcita karane vAle jala ko nimna amRtamaMtra se abhisiMcita kiyA jAtA hai - "U~ amRte amRtodbhave amRtavarSiNi amRtaM srAvaya-srAvaya svaahaa||" digambara-paramparA meM "vizvezvarIstanyabhAgIbhUyA"260, arthAt tU tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke stana kA pAna karane vAlA ho - isa maMtra dvArA mAtA ke stanoM ko maMtrita karate haiN| 258 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pAMcavA~, pR.-12, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. 256 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pAMcavA~, pR.-12, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. 26deg AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-cAlIsavA~, pR.-305, bhAratIya jJAnapITha sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000

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140 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra Rgveda61 ke maMtroccAra ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparAoM ke maMtroM meM bhinnatA hai| tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra eka nizcita dina karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, yadyapi digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zizu ke janma ke prathama dina tathA zvetAmbara-paramparA meM tIsare dina kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM stanapAna karate hue zizu ko gRhasthaguru (vidhikAraka) kisa maMtra se AzIrvAda de, usakA bhI ullekha AcAradinakara meM kiyA gayA hai| vaha maMtra nimna hai262 - "U~ aha~ jIvo'si, AtmAsi, puruSo'si, zabdajJo'si, rUpajJo'si, rasajJo'si, gandhajJo'si, sparzajJo'si, sadAhAro'si, kRtAhAro'si, abhyastAhAro'si, kAvalikAhAro'si, lomAhAro'si, audArikazarIro'si, anenAhAreNa tavAMgavarddhatAM, balaM varddhatAM, tejovRddhatAM, pATavaM varddhatAM, sauSThavaM varddhatAM, pUrNAyubhava aha~ uuN||" parantu digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra ke AzIrvAda dene sambandhI maMtra kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke lie kisa prakAra kI sAmagrI kI AvazyakatA hai, usakA bhI ullekha vardhamAnasUri ne apane grantha AcAradinakara meM kiyA hai|263 sAmagrI sambandhI isa prakAra kA nirdeza digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM jisa prakAra ise svataMtra saMskAra mAnakara jo mahatva diyA gayA hai, utanA mahatva digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM ise nahIM diyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke saMskAra sambandhI grantha AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI bahuta hI sarala evaM saMkSipta vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai, jabaki digambara-paramparA meM evaM vaidika-paramparA meM ise na to isa nAma se vivecita kiyA gayA hai tathA na isakI alaga se koI vidhi batAI gaI hai, apitu jAtakarma meM hI 261 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-162, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 262 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pAMcavA~, pR.-12, nirNaya sAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. 263 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pAMcavA~, pR.-12, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 141 isako antarnihita karake mAtra do paMktiyoM meM hI isa vidhi ko sampUrNa kara diyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra - isa tulanAtmaka-vivecana ke pazcAt jaba hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA ko lekara samIkSAtmaka-dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki yaha saMskAra apane-Apa meM bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| zizu ko isa saMsAra meM janma lene ke pazcAt sabase pahale yadi koI AhAra diyA jAtA hai, to vaha hai- mA~ ke dUdha kA AhAra, jo vaha stanapAna dvArA prApta karatA hai| sAmAnyatayA, yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki navajAta zizu ko AhAra zIghratA se nahIM pacatA hai aura AhAra kA pAcana vyavasthita na hone ke kAraNa aneka roga utpanna hone kA bhaya rahatA hai, isalie zizu ko yaha AhAra amRtarUpa bane, arthAt usakA pAcana vyavasthita rUpa se ho- isa prayojana ko lekara yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| vaidyakazAstroM meM bhI aise ullekha milate haiM ki jisa bhojana kA pAcana sucArU rUpa se hotA hai, vahI bhojana vyakti ke lie amRtarUpa hotA hai| jisa prakAra amRta tuSTi-puSTi aura sauSThava Adi dene vAlA hotA hai, usI prakAra amRtamaMtra se mantrita vaha AhAra bhI use tuSTi-puSTi aura sauSThava, pradAna karane vAlA banatA hai| hara mAtA kI yahI icchA hotI hai ki merA navajAta zizu Arogya ko prApta kare aura hRSTa-puSTa ho| isI kAmanA ko lekara yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA rahA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| yadi hama vartamAna pariprekSya meM dekhate haiM, to bhI isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai, kyoMki zizu ke lie mAtA kA dUdha amRta ke samAna mAnA gayA hai| Adhunika yuga meM cikitsaka bhI isa mata kA samarthana karate haiM ki zizu ko usakI prArambhika-vaya meM mAtA kA hI dUdha pilAnA caahie| yadyapi isa sandarbha meM yaha sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai ki mAtA kisI saMkrAmaka roga se pIr3ita na ho| isa saMskAra ko, jo janma ke tIsare dina karane ke lie kahA gayA hai, usakA prayojana yaha hai ki mAtA ke stana meM garbhakAla kA jo saMcita dUdha rahatA hai, vaha bAlaka ko pilAne yogya nahIM rahatA hai, isalie yaha kahA gayA hai ki yaha saMskAra janma ke tIsare dina karanA caahie| jahA~ anya paramparAoM ne isa saMskAra ko jAtakarma saMskAra ke antargata hI mAnakara isakA avamUlyana kiyA hai, vahIM vardhamAnasUri ne ise eka svataMtra saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake isake mahatva ko abhivyakta kiyA hai|

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142 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI SaSThI-saMskAra SaSThI-saMskAra kA svarUpa - SaSThI-saMskAra meM bAlaka ke janma ke chaThaveM dina vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka devI (SaSThI mAtA) kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| yaha saMskAra janma se chaThaveM dina vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka mAtRkAoM kI pUjA se sampanna hotA hai| vaise to sAdhAraNataH hindU-paramparA meM SaSThI kA abhiprAya SaSThIdevI hai, jo kAtyAyanI ke nAma se durgA kA hI eka rUpa mAnI jAtI hai tathA jo solaha vidyA-deviyoM meM se eka hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM AcAradinakara ke anusAra SaSThI-saMskAra kA tAtparya brAhmI, Adi ATha mAtAoM sahita ambikAdevI ke pUjana se hai|5 digambara-paramparA meM isa sambandha meM koI vizeSa carcA nahIM milatI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa nAma kA koI saMskAra nahIM hai, yadyapi gobhila ke anusAra265 - sabhI saMskAroM ke AraMbha meM gaNeza ke sAtha-sAtha mAtRkApUjana kA vidhAna milatA hai, jo vastutaH zvetAmbara-paramparA ke SaSThI-saMskAra ke sadRza hI hai- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| isa saMskAra ko karane kA prayojana mukhyataH kyA rahA hogA ? isa sambandha meM jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha pAte haiM ki isa saMskAra ko karane kA mUlabhUta prayojana aniSTa kA nivAraNa aura abhISTa kI prApti rahA hogA, kyoMki saMsAra kA pratyeka vyakti yaha cAhatA hai ki use vAMchita kI prApti ho, avAMchita sthiti usase dUra rahe, jisase usake jIvana meM kisI prakAra kA koI vikSepa, yA kisI prakAra kI khedajanaka sthitiyA~ utpanna na hoN| navajAta zizu kA mana-mastiSka bahuta komala hotA hai| usake isa komala aMga para kisI prakAra kI azubha zaktiyoM kA prabhAva na par3e, usase bacane ke lie evaM zizu ke kalyANa kI kAmanA se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA rahA hogaa| AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra zizu ke kalyANa hetu kiyA jAtA hai|266 zvetAmbara-paramparA ke arddhamAgadhI AgamagranthoM jJAtAdharmakathA, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya evaM kalpasUtra meM rAtrijAgaraNa yA dharmajAgaraNa ke rUpa meM isa saMskAra 264 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pAMcavA~, pR.-12, nirNaya sAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 265 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-186, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.. 266 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pAMcavA~, pR.-12, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 143 kA ullekha milatA hai|267 jJAtAdharmakathA meM yaha saMskAra dUsare dina karane ke lie kahA gayA hai, parantu ina Agama-granthoM meM isa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra apane nAma ke anurUpa janma ke chaThaveM dina kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM isa sambandha meM koI ullekha hameM prApta nahIM hotA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI devIpUjana sambandhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, kintu zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhA~ti janma se chaThaveM dina nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| usake anusAra sabhI saMskAroM ke prArambha meM gaNeza aura devI kI pUjA kI jAtI hai, phira bhI isase sambandhita vidhi-vidhAna kA varNana vahA~ nahIM karake anyatra kiyA gayA hai| mAtAoM kI saMkhyA evaM nAmollekha jarUra milate haiM, jinameM se kucha mAtAoM ke nAma AcAradinakara meM varNita mAtAoM ke nAma se milate haiM, jaisebrAhmI, mAhezvarI, kaumArI, caamunnddaa|68 zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jaina-brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha vidhi-vidhAna kauna karavAe, isa sambandha meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu sAmAnyataH brAhmaNa dvArA hI yaha saMskAra karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pratipAdita kI hai - SaSThI-saMskAra kI vidhi - vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra prasava ke chaThaveM dina guru prasUtigRha meM Akara SaSThIpUjana kI vidhi prAraMbha kre| isa vidhi meM sUtaka kA koI matalaba nahIM hai| ___isa saMskAra ke lie sarvaprathama sadhavA striyA~ sUtikAgRha ke bhittibhAga evaM bhUmibhAga ko gobara se liipeN| tatpazcAta zubha vAra dekhakara sUtikAgRha ke bhittibhAga, bhUmibhAga, Adi ko khar3iyA~ miTTI se sapheda karake suzobhita kre| tadanantara sadhavA striyA~ kuMkuma, hiMgula, Adi lAla varNoM (raMgoM) se ATha khar3I huI, ATha baiThI huI evaM ATha leTI huI mAtAoM kA Alekhana kreN| kahIM-kahIM kula evaM guru-paramparA ke anusAra cha:-cha: mAtAoM ke Alekhana kA bhI vidhAna hai| usake bAda sadhavA striyoM dvArA maMgalagIta gAe jAne 267 (a) jJAtAdharmakathA sU.-1/63 (ba) aupapAtika sU.-105 (sa) rAjapraznIya sU.-280 (saM.-madhukaramuni) . (da) kalpasUtra sU.-101 (sN.-vinysaagr)| - dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-187, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

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144 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI para guru caukora zubha Asana para baiThakara maMtrapUrvaka ina sabhI mAtAoM kA AhvAna, saMnidhAna evaM gandha, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa, akSata, Adi se dravyapUjana kre| kucha loga cAmuNDA, tripurA ko chor3akara cha: mAtAoM kI hI pUjA karate haiN| tatpazcAt ina mAtAoM kI pUjA karake zizu ke kalyANa hetu prArthanA kI jAtI hai| tadanantara mAtRsthApana ke agra bhUmibhAga para candana kA lepa kara ambA mAtA kI sthApanA kare tathA usakI bhI vidhipUrvaka pUjA kre| tatpazcAt zizu kI mAtA sahita kulavRddhAe~, sadhavA striyA~, Adi gIta gAte hue evaM vAjintra bajAte hue rAtri-jAgaraNa kareM tathA prAtaH maMtroccArapUrvaka sabhI mAtAoM kA visarjana kreN| usake bAda gRhastha-guru zizu ko paMcaparameSThI-maMtra se abhimaMtrita jala se abhisiMcita kare tathA veda-maMtra se AzIrvAda de| sUtaka meM dakSiNA nahIM dI jAtI hai| isI vidhi ke anta meM vardhamAnasUri ne saMskAra hetu Avazyaka sAmagrI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isa vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| upasaMhAra - jaisA ki hama pUrva meM batA cuke haiM, isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti aniSTakArI zaktiyoM kA nivAraNa kara abhISTa kI prApti karanA cAhatA hai, sAtha hI isa saMskAra kA anya prayojana kuladevI kI paramparA ko jIvaMta rakhanA hogAaisA bhI hama mAna sakate haiM, kyoMki vyakti kula-paramparA ke mAdhyama se hI kulAcAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM se bhalIbhA~ti paricita ho sakatA hai| yaha saMskAra bhI kula-paramparA se sambandhita hai| apanI kula- paramparA meM kie jAne vAle vidhi-vidhAnoM se kula kI ekatA prakaTa hotI hai| Aja hama kitane hI aise vidhi-vidhAnoM ke bAre meM sunate haiM, para unakA vyavahAra meM pracalana na hone ke kAraNa mAtra nAmollekha hI milatA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti ko apane kula kI devI kA bhI jJAna hotA hai| zucikriyA-saMskAra zucisaMskAra kA svarUpa - ___ yaha saMskAra daihikazuddhi, sthAnazuddhi hetu kie jAne vAle vidhi-vidhAnoM se sambandhita hai| zuci kA abhiprAya sabhI paramparAoM meM prAyaH zuddhi, arthAt pavitratA se hI liyA gayA hai| vyakti ke janma evaM maraNa ke kAraNa jo azuci utpanna sa

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 145 hotI hai; use dUra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai, kyoMki jaba taka yaha zuddhi nahIM hotI hai; taba taka vyakti zubha-anuSThAna, Adi nahIM kara sakatA hai| bAhya-zArIrika evaM sthAna-zuddhi vaha prAthamikatA hai, jo sabhI dhArmika-kriyAoM ke sampAdana kA adhikAra pradAna karatI hai| kisI sapiNDa ke janma, Adi ke avasara para azuci utpanna hotI hai| yahA~ isa saMskAra meM mAtra janma sambandhI azuci ke nivAraNa-vidhi kI hI carcA kI gaI hai| zizu ke janma ke pazcAt sabhI paramparAoM meM eka kAlAvadhi taka azauca kI sthiti, arthAt sUtaka mAnate haiN| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki sUtaka kI kAlasthiti sabhI paramparAoM meM bhinna-bhinna batAI gaI hai| isa saMskAra ke mUlabhUta prayojana ke sambandha meM jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki isake pIche dehazuddhi evaM sthAnazuddhi kA lakSya rahA hogA, kyoMki prAyaH yaha sarvamAnya dhAraNA hai ki yaha zarIra azuddha hai, azuci kA dhAma hai| isase malamUtra, Adi aneka prakAra kI azuddhiyA~ nikalatI rahatI haiN| zizu ke janma ke samaya bhI mAtA kI yoni se raktAdi azuci nikalatI hai| jaina-paramparA meM bhI zarIra ko azuci kA bhaNDAra mAnA hai, usase aneka rUpoM meM azuci bAhara nikalatI rahatI hai| prasava ke pazcAt kI azuci kA nivAraNa karane ke viziSTa prayojana ko lekara hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| ___zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vardhamAnasUri ne apanI kula-paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| cUMki sUtaka ke sambandha meM sabakI apanI-apanI dhAraNAe~ hotI haiM, ataH kula-paramparA ke anusAra hI zucikarma karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| kalpasUtra266 meM gyArahaveM dina yaha saMskAra karane kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, ise unhoMne priyodbhava nAmaka saMskAra ke antargata hI mAnA hai| digambara-paramparA meM janma sambandhI sUtaka kI avadhi 10 dina kI batAI gaI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI prasava sambandhI sataka to svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, parantu saMskAra ke rUpa meM isako vivecita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa paramparA meM sUtaka aura usake nivAraNa sambandhI racanAe~ bahuta haiM, parantu gRhyasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM 266 kalpasUtra, bhadrabAhuviracita, anu.-vinayasAgara, pR.-153, prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1984 17deg jaina saMskAra vidhi, nAthUlAla jaina (zAstrI), adhyAya-2, pR.-6, zrI vIra nirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti gommaTagirI, indaura, pAMcavIM AvRtti-1668. .

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146 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI Adi meM ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi zizu ke janma sambandhI sUtaka ke nivAraNa ke sambandha meM itanA avazya kahA gayA hai - "brAhmaNoM ko dasaveM dina, kSatriyoM ko bArahaveM dina, vaizyoM ko solahaveM dina evaM zUdroM ko eka mahIne meM sUtaka kA nivAraNa karanA caahie| kArU, arthAt zilpiyoM ko sUtaka nahIM hotA hai|"27 zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jaina-brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra isa saMskAra meM janma-saMskAra, sUrya-candradarzana- saMskAra, kSIrAzana evaM SaSThI-saMskAra karAne vAle gRhastha-guru ko bhI isI saMskAra ke dina dAna denA cAhie, kyoMki isase pUrva sUtaka hone ke kAraNa unako dAna denA evaM lenA vihita nahIM hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra kI nimna vidhi prastuta kI zucikarma-saMskAra kI vidhi - vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra apane-apane varNa ke anusAra nirdhArita dinoM ke vyatIta hone para zucikarma-saMskAra karanA caahie| kaunase varNa meM kitane dina bAda sUtaka kA nivAraNa karanA cAhie- isakA bhI mUla grantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| zucikarma-saMskAra hetu gRhastha-guru sarvaprathama AmaMtrita sabhI gotrIjanoM ko pUrNasnAna evaM vastra-prakSAlana hetu khe| tadanantara zuddha vastroM ko dhAraNa karake gRhastha-guru kI sAkSI meM paramAtmA kI vividha prakAra se pUjA-arcanA kre| tatpazcAt zizu ke mAtA-pitA paMcagavya se kullA evaM snAna karake zizusahita apane nAkhUna kaatte| tadanantara granthi se baMdhe hue daMpatti jinapratimA ko namaskAra kreN| sadhavA striyA~ maMgalagIta gAte hue evaM vAdya bajAte hue sabhI maMdiroM meM pUjA kareM evaM naivedya cddhaaeN| sAdhu ko yathAzakti anna, vastra, Adi kA dAna deM tathA vidhikAraka-guru ko bhI tAmbUla, mudrA, AbhUSaNa, Adi kA dAna deN| isI dina janma-saMskAra, caMdra-sUryadarzana, kSIrAzana-saMskAra evaM SaSThI-saMskAra karavAne vAle guru ko bhI dAna deM tathA yathAzakti svajana, gotrajana, Adi ko bhojana, Adi krvaaeN| tadanantara guru unake kulAcAra ke anusAra zizu ko paMcagavya, jinasnAtra-jala, sarvoSadhi-jala evaM tIrthajala se snAna karavAkara vastra, 27' AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-sAtavA~, pR.-14, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 147 AbhUSaNa phnaae| sUtaka ke dina pUrNa ho jAne para bhI yadi Ardra-nakSatra, siMhayoni-nakSatra evaM gajayoni-nakSatra hoM, to strI ko sUtaka-snAna nahIM karavAnA cAhie- isa bAta kA ullekha karate hue ina nakSatroM meM snAna karavAne ke duSpariNAma ke sambandha meM bhI mUla grantha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| anta meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita sAmagrI kA ullekha huA hai| isa vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| zucikarma-saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana - zvetAmbara-paramparA meM arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha jJAtAdharmakathA, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, kalpasUtra meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu isakI vidhi hameM vahA~ upalabdha nahIM hotI hai|72 vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM zucikarma ko eka svatantra saMskAra ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA hai, jabaki digambara-paramparA ke grantha AdipurANa, Adi meM ise jAtakarma-saMskAra ke antargata hI ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ isakI eka svatantra saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnyatA nahIM hai| yahI sthiti hindU dharmagranthoM meM bhI pAI jAtI hai, vahA~ bhI ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM ullekhita nahIM karake azauca (sUtaka) aura azauca-nivAraNa ke antargata isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| hindU-paramparA meM azauca (sUtaka) ke do prakAra batAe gae haiMjanana-azauca evaM mrnn-ashauc| isI prakAra paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI ne jaina-saMskAra vidhi meM bhI ina donoM azaucoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| zucikarma-saMskAra kA sambandha azauca-nivAraNa se hai, sabhI paramparAoM meM yaha to svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki azauca kI zuddhi Avazyaka hai| hindU-paramparA meM gRhyasUtroM, smRtiyoM evaM purANoM ke atirikta bhI azauca aura usakI zuddhi para vizeSa sAhitya likhA gayA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, hindU-paramparA meM bhI vardhamAnasari ke samAna hI vibhinna vargoM ke lie sUtaka ke vibhinna dinoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki sUtaka sambandhI ye vicAra vardhamAnasUri ne hindU-paramparA ke AcAra para hI mAne haiM, yadyapi hindU-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa sambandha meM matabheda hone ke kAraNa hindU-paramparA ke granthoM se vardhamAnasUri ke grantha meM kucha antara bhI dekhA jAtA hai| yadyapi prastuta prasaMga to kevala jananAzauca kA hai, kintu hindU-paramparA meM azauca ke aneka rUpa mAnakara usakI zuddhi ke lie vibhinna dinoM kA alaga-alaga ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-hindU-paramparA meM janma kA sUtaka sAmAnyataH 10 dina kA mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra digambara-paramparA meM janma strI ke pitRpakSa meM ho, to usake mAtA-pitA 272 (a) jJAtAdharmakathA sU.-1/63 (ba) aupapAtika sU.-105 (sa) rAjapraznIya sU.-280 (saM.-madhukaramuni) (da) kalpasUtra sU.-101 (sN.-vinysaagr)|

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148 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI aura bhAiyoM ko 1 dina kA azauca hotA hai, kintu yadi zizu kA janma strI ke zvasurapakSa meM ho, to usake mAtA-pitA aura bhAiyoM ko azauca nahIM hotA, kintu hara paristhiti meM sagotra ko to jananAzIca hotA hI hai| isa prakAra se bAlaka kA janma kahA~ huA hai, isa para bhI azauca kI sthiti nirbhara karatI hai| phira bhI, itanA to nizcita hai ki cAhe ise koI svataMtra saMskAra mAne yA na mAne, parantu jananAzauca kA nivAraNa to sabhI paramparAoM meM Avazyaka mAnA hai aura zucikarma-saMskAra kA sambandha usI se hai| upasaMhAra - sAmAnyatayA, isa bAta meM to kisI ko koI matabheda nahIM ho sakatA hai ki jisa sthAna para prasava kI ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai, usa sthAna para azuci kA honA svAbhAvika hai, kintu jo bhI azuci hotI hai, usakA nivAraNa to sAmAnyataH tatkAla hI kara diyA jAtA hai, phira agrima dinoM meM azauca mAnane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? yaha vicAraNIya hai| hamArI dRSTi meM eka to sUtaka kA kAraNa yaha hai ki zizu ke prasava ke sAtha jo azuci utpanna hotI hai, cAhe usakA nivAraNa tatkAla kara diyA jAe, kintu nAla ko kATane ke kAraNa bAlaka evaM raktasrAva ke kAraNa usakI mAtA kI azuci to aneka dinoM taka banI rahatI hai, ataH usa azuci ke samApta hone taka azauca ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| isake pIche hameM eka kAraNa yaha bhI samajha meM AtA hai ki navajAta zizu va usakI mAtA ko prasavakAla ke kucha samaya pazcAt taka bhI saMkrAmaka rogoM se grasta hone kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai| azauca kI avadhAraNA ke kAraNa anya logoM se aura anya sthAnoM se mAtA evaM zizu kA saMsparza bacA rahatA hai aura isa prakAra azauca yA sUtaka ke kAraNa bAlaka aura sadyaHprasUtA strI aneka saMkrAmaka rogoM se baca jAte haiN| isa prakAra yaha saMskAra bAhya-pavitratA yA bAhyazuddhi tathA bAlaka aura usakI mAtA ko saMkrAmaka rogoM se bacAne ke lie ati upayogI mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi itanA nizcita hai ki pUrva meM jaba taka azuci kA nivAraNa nahIM hotA, taba taka bAhyazuddhi ke prati jo upekSAbhAva thA, vaha samucita nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vartamAna yuga meM hameM isa saMskAra ko bAlaka aura usakI mAtA ko saMkrAmaka rogoM se bacAne hetu aura usakI daihika-zucitA ko banAe rakhane ke lie Avazyaka mAnanA hogaa|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 149 nAmakaraNa-saMskAra nAmakaraNa-saMskAra kA svarUpa - isa saMskAra ke dvArA eka niyamita samayAvadhi ke pazcAt zizu kA nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| janma ke pazcAt zizu ko kisa nAma se bulAyA jAe, isa samasyA kA nivAraNa karane ke lie hI zizu kA nAmakaraNa-saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki saMsAra ke prAyaH sabhI vyavahAra nAma ke AdhAra para hI calate haiN| vyakti kI pahacAna ke lie tathA anya vyaktiyoM se pRthakkaraNa hetu viziSTa tathA nizcita nAma kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| nAma ke binA sabhya samAja meM vyavahAra kA saMcAlana asaMbhava hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nAmakaraNa kI prathA ko eka dhArmika-saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| jaina aura hindU- ina donoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ko ekamata se mAnA gayA hai| jaba hama isa saMskAra ko karane ke pIche kyA prayojana rahA hai- isa sambandha meM bhI vicAra karate haiM, to isa saMskAra kA prayojana evaM mahatva svataH hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai| nAma samasta vyavahAra kA hetu hai| nAma ke abhAva meM koI bhI vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM hai, cAhe zikSA kA kSetra ho tathA vyApAra kA kSetra ho, yA zAsakIya vyavasthA kA prazna ho, nAma ke binA kAma nahIM calatA hai| nAma se hI vyakti ko kIrti prApta hotI hai, ataH nAmakaraNa- saMskAra atyanta prazasta evaM Avazyaka hai| bhAratIya-paramparA meM zizu ko janmalagna evaM graha kI spaSTa sthiti dekhakara hI viziSTa nAma diyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra meM grahoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai, tAki vaha lagna ke adhipati grahoM kI kRpA ko prApta kara sake evaM jIvana meM yaza, kIrti evaM saphalatA ko prApta kara ske| nAmakaraNa vyakti ke jIvana kA atyanta mahatvapUrNa pakSa hai, kyoMki nAma kI rAzi ke AdhAra para hI vyakti ke bhAvI jIvana ke zubhAzubhatva kI bhaviSyavANI kI jAtI hai, jo vyakti ke vyavahAra kI preraka hotI hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA, digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, yaha bAta bhinna hai ki yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jaae| isa sambandha meM kucha matabheda haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zucikarma ke dina, athavA usake dUsare yA tIsare dina, athavA anya koI zubha dina dekhakara yaha saMskAra karane kA vidhAna hai| 72 digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra janma ke bAraha dina bAda 273 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-AThavA~, pR.-14, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI _275 karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| 274 vaidika - paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie - isa sambandha meM matabheda haiN| gRhyasUtroM ke sAmAnya niyama ke anusAra nAmakaraNa - saMskAra zizu ke janma ke pazcAt dasaveM yA bArahaveM dina sampanna kiyA jAtA thA, kintu paravartI vikalpa ke anusAra nAmakaraNa janma ke pazcAt dasaveM dina se lekara dvitIya varSa ke prathama dina taka sampanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra isa sambandha meM aura bhI matabheda haiM, jinakA varNana yahA~ sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| saMskAra kA karttA AcAradinakara ke anusAra zvetAmbara - paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jaina - brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai, digambara - paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra AdipurANa dvArA nirdiSTa yogyatA ke dhAraka jaina-brAhmaNoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra brAhmaNa ke dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| 150 AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne nAmakaraNa - saMskAra kI nimna i pratipAdita kI hai nAmakaraNa - saMskAra kI vidhi vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra mRdu, dhruva evaM kSipra saMjJaka nakSatroM meM bAlaka kA nAmakaraNa - saMskAra kreN| guru evaM zukra ke caturtha sthAna meM hone para nAmakaraNa - saMskAra karanA zubha kahA gayA hai| gRhastha- guru zucikarma ke dina yA anya zubha dina meM Asana para paMcaparameSThI - maMtra kA smaraNa karate hue sukhapUrvaka baitthe| tadanantara zizu ke pitRpakSa ke loga vidhipUrvaka gRhasthaguru, kulapuruSoM, kulavRddhAoM evaM kula kI striyoM ko samakSa baiThAkara jyotiSI ko janmalagna kA prarUpaNa karane hetu kheN| jyotiSI janmalagna kA pUjana kare tathA usake bAda navagrahoM kI pUjA kre| tatpazcAt jyotiSI janmalagna kahakara tathA lagna kA sampUrNa vivaraNa kuMkuMma - akSaroM se patra meM likhakara zizu ke kulajyeSTha ko arpaNa kare / tadanantara pitA, Adi jyotiSI ko dAna-dakSiNA deN| phira jyotiSI janmanakSatra ke anusAra nAmAkSara batAkara apane ghara jAe / AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, ( bhAga-2), parva - ar3atIsavA~, pR. 248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 274 275 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSThaM (dvitIya pariccheda), pR. 107, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa - 1665.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tatpazcAt gRhastha- guru kisa prakAra se kulavRddhA ke kAna meM zizu kA nAma batAe, kisa prakAra se zizu evaM usakI mAtA ko caitya meM lekara jAe tathA vahA~ kisa prakAra se paramAtmA kI dravyapUjA kare ? isakA bhI mUla grantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt jinapratimA ke samakSa kulavRddhAe~ zizu kA nAma prakaTa kreN| gA~va yA nagara meM maMdira kA abhAva hone para gRha- pratimA ke sammukha bhI isI prakAra kI vidhi kreN| tatpazcAt pauSadhazAlA meM Akara bhojana - maNDalI ke sthAna para maNDalIpaTTa ko sthApita kara usakI vidhipUrvaka pUjA kreN| tatpazcAt sAdhuoM kI tIna pradakSiNA karake namaskAra kareM tathA sone-cA~dI kI mudrAoM se yati (sAdhu) guru ke navAMga kI pUjA kreN| phira akSata se badhAkara vAsakSepa ddlvaae| yati guru kisa prakAra se vAsakSepa kareM tathA kulavRddhAe~ kisa prakAra se zizu kA nAmakaraNa kareM ? isakA ullekha karate hue mUlagrantha meM yatiguru evaM gRhasthaguru ko dAna dene ke lie kahA gayA hai| vidhi ke anta meM vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra se sambandhita sAmagrI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI ke lie mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka - vivecana 151 nAmakaraNa - saMskAra lokavyavahAra hetu anivArya hai, isalie tInoM paramparAoM meM ise eka dhArmika - saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi ina tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sambandha meM kucha matabheda haiM, to kucha samAnatA bhI hai| 276 277 zvetAmbara-paramparA ke arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha jJAtAdharmakathA, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya evaM kalpasUtrAdi meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu isa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra guru evaM zukra ke caturtha sthAna meM hone para kiyA jAnA zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai| digambara - paramparA ke grantha AdipurANa meM isa prakAra kA jyotiSa sambandhI koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI isa sambandha meM koI nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| 276 (a) jJAtAdharmakathA sU. -1/65, (ba) aupapAtika sU. - 105, (sa) rAjapraznIya sU. - 280 (saM. - madhukaramuni) (da) kalpasUtra sU. - 101-104 (saM. vinayasAgara ) / 277 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya - AThavA~ pR. 14, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI AcAradinakara ke anusAra zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zucikarma ke dina yA usake dUsare yA tIsare dina, athavA anya kisI zubha dina meM zizu ke caMdrabala ko dekhakara kiyA jAtA hai| jaina-Agama-grantha kalpasUtra Adi ke anusAra- azuci kA nivAraNa karane ke bAda janma se bArahaveM dina yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, parantu unameM isakI vidhi nahIM batAI gaI hai| digambara-paramparA meM janma ke bAraha dina ke bAda jo bhI dina mAtA-pitA aura putra ke anukUla ho, sukha dene vAlA ho, usa dina nAmakriyA-saMskAra karane kA ullekha milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM nAmakaraNa-saMskAra kaba kiyA jAe ? ise lekara vaidika-vidvAnoM meM matabheda haiN| Apastamba, baudhAyana, bhAradvAja evaM pAraskara ne nAmakaraNa ke lie dasavA~ dina nirdhArita kiyA hai| yAjJavalkya ne janma ke gyArahaveM dina nAmakaraNa karane ko kahA hai| baudhAyana-gRhyasUtra meM dasavA~ yA bArahavA~ dina tathA hiraNyakezigRhyasUtra meM bArahavA~ dina nAmakaraNa-saMskAra ke lie mAnA hai|280 isI prakAra anya vidvAnoM ke bhI isa sambandha meM vibhinna mata haiM, jinakI carcA vistAra ke bhaya se yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra sAmAnyataH nAmakaraNa-saMskAra zizu ke janma ke pazcAt dasaveM yA bArahaveM dina sampanna kiyA jAtA thaa| isakA ekamAtra apavAda hai- guhyanAmakaraNa, jo katipaya vidvAnoM ke anusAra janma ke pazcAt dasaveM dina se lekara dvitIya varSa ke prathama dina taka kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa paramparA meM zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhA~ti hI isa saMskAra ko azubha dinoM, yathA- saMkrAMti, grahaNa yA zrAddhapakSa meM sampanna karanA ucita nahIM mAnA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM82 isa saMskAra ke antargata zubha-Asana evaM zubha sthAna para paMcaparameSThI kA smaraNa karate hue baiThane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, jo isa saMskAra ke prati pUjyatA kA bhAva pradarzita karatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI 278 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-AThavA~, pR.-14, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 276 kalpasUtra, bhadrabAhuviracita, anu.-vinayasAgara, pR.-153, prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1984 280 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-166, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980. 2hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (dvitIya pariccheda), pR.-108, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa - 1665. 262 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-AThavA~, pR.-13, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 9622

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 153 isa saMskAra ko karane se pUrva siddha paramAtmA kI pUjA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|283 isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke pUrva gaNapatipUjA, mAtRkApUjana Adi karane kA nirdeza milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke isa saMskAra meM jisa prakAra jyotiSa dvArA janmalagna ko zubhapaTTa para likhakara sthAna-sthAna para grahoM ko sthApita karake dravya evaM mudrAoM se lagna evaM grahoM kI pUjA karane kA jo vidhAna AcAradinakara meM milatA hai, usa prakAra kI kriyAvidhi digambara evaM vaidika-paramparAoM ke granthoM meM hameM dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM lagna evaM grahoM kI pUjA ke pazcAta jyotiSI lagna kA sampUrNa varNana kuMkuma akSara se patra meM likhakara kulajyeSTha ko arpaNa karatA hai tathA janmanakSatra ke anusAra nAmAkSara batAtA hai| tatpazcAt gRhastha-guru sarvasammati se parameSThImaMtra kA smaraNa karate hue kulavRddhA ke kAna meM jAti evaM kulocita nAma kahatA hai| phira sabhI ADambarapUrvaka mandira jAte haiM, vahA~ jAkara paramAtmA kI pUjA karate haiM, phira usake bAda paramAtmA ke samakSa nAma prakaTa karate haiN| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa prakAra kI vidhi kA ullekha hameM nahIM milA hai| sAtha hI zvetAmbara-paramparA meM nirdiSTa maNDalIpUjA, guru kI pUjAvidhi, vAsakSepa grahaNa karanA, yatiguru dvArA vAsakSepa ko U~kAra, hrIMkAra, zrIMkAra sanniveza dvArA kAmadhenu-mudrA se vardhamAnavidyA kA jApa karate hue mAtA evaM zizu ke sira para DAlanA, bAlaka ko candana kA tilaka karake usa para akSata lagAkara nAmakaraNa karanA, yatiguru ko caturvidha AhAra, vastra, pAtra, Adi kA dAna denA, Adi mahatvapUrNa kriyAoM kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai,85 vaha digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM jinendradeva ke eka hajAra ATha nAmoM ke samUha se ghaTapatra kI vidhi286 se koI eka zubhanAma grahaNa karake nAmakaraNa karane kA ullekha 283 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, (bhAga-2), parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-247, bhAratIya jJAnapITha sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 28" dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-186, uttarapradeza hindI ___ saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 285 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-AThavA~, pR.-15, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. 286 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, (bhAga-2), parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-247, bhAratIya jJAnapITha sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

Page #158
154 sAdhvI mokSaka zrI milatA hai| sAtha hI usameM RSiyoM kI pUjA kA bhI nirdeza milatA hai| harivaMzapurANa meM bhI isa saMskAra kI carcA milatI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isakI vidhi bahuta lambI batAI gaI hai| usameM nAma cayana karane sambandhI bahuta adhika nirdeza milate haiM, jaise - jo nAma nahIM rakhanA cAhie, yA jo nAma rakhanA cAhie, Adi ke ullekha bhI haiN| usameM nAmakaraNa kI vidhi mAtra itanI hI hai ki zizu ke dAhine kAna kI ora jhukatA huA pitA use isa prakAra sambodhita karatA hai - "he zizu! tU kuladevatA kA bhakta hai, terA amuka nAma hai, tU isa mAsa meM utpanna huA hai, ataH terA amuka nAma hai, tU isa nakSatra meM janmA hai, ataH terA amuka nAma hai tathA yaha terA laukika-nAma hai|" itanA kahane ke pazcAt brAhmaNa "yaha nAma pratiSThita ho"- aisA kahakara usakA nAmakaraNa karate haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM jyotiSa evaM vidhikAraka ko yathocita dAna dene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI dvijoM ko dAna dene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jyotiSI ko alaga se dAna dene ke sambandha meM vahA~ koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kyoMki ve dvijoM ke antarbhUta hI mAne gae haiM, yadyapi vyavahAra meM unheM bhI dakSiNA dI jAtI hai| ___ AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra isa saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka vastuoM kA nirdeza diyA hai, isa prakAra kA nirdeza digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu paM. nAthUlAlajI zAstrI Adi paravartI vidvAnoM ke granthoM meM aise ullekha dekhane ko mila jAte haiN| upasaMhAra - isa tulanAtmaka-vivecana ke pazcAt jaba hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA kA AMkalana karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki yaha saMskAra bhI zizu ke jIvana kA eka mahatvapUrNa pakSa hai, jise kisI bhI stara para nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| isa saMskAra ko karane kA mukhya prayojana zizu kA viziSTa nAma sthApita karane se hai, jisase vaha apanI pahacAna banAkara apane jIvana ke hara vyavahArika kArya ko usa nAma se kara ske| hara mAtA-pitA kI yaha icchA hotI hai ki merA putra apane nAma se saphalatA ke sopAna prApta kre| 287 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (dvitIya pariccheda), pR.-106, caukhammA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa - 1665.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 155 jyotiSazAstra ke anusAra vyakti kI saphalatA kA kucha aMza vyakti ke nAma para bhI AdhArita hotA hai| isa saMskAra kA sabase mahatvapUrNa pahalU to yaha hai ki vizva meM aneka manuSya haiM, aneka prakAra kI vastue~ haiM, jinako nAmakaraNa ke binA pahacAna pAnA sambhava nahIM hai, ataH vyakti kI pahacAna ke lie nAma atyanta anivArya hai, sAtha hI sampUrNa bhASA-vyavahAra bhI nAma para AdhArita hai| yaha anivAryatA hI isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA ko spaSTa kara detI hai| annaprAzana-saMskAra annaprAzana-saMskAra kA svarUpa - ___ annaprAzana-saMskAra meM zizu ke janma ke pazcAt use prathama bAra anna kA AhAra karAyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra meM aise prazasta anna kA AhAra, jo zizu ke lie yogya ho tathA jo usake vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka ho, vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka karAyA jAtA hai| annaprAzana-saMskAra na hone taka zizu mAtra mAtA ke stanapAna yA dugdhAhAra para nirbhara rahatA hai| isa saMskAra ke hone ke pazcAt hI zizu ko Thosa annAdi kA AhAra diyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke mUlabhUta prayojana ke sambandha meM jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to pAte haiM ki janma ke 5-6 mahIne taka zizu mA~ ke stanapAna para hI Azrita rahatA hai, lekina jaise-jaise usakA zarIra vikasita hotA hai, vaise-vaise use Thosa AhAra kI bhI apekSA rahatI hai| dUsarI ora, dhIre-dhIre mAtA ke dUdha kI mAtrA bhI ghaTatI jAtI hai, ataH zizu evaM mAtA - donoM ke hita kI dRSTi se yaha Avazyaka samajhA gayA ki zizu ko mAtA ke stanapAna ke sAtha-sAtha anya khAdyapadArtha bhI die jAeM, tAki kAlAntara meM vaha mAtA ke dUdha para nirbhara na rhe| isI AvazyakatA kA anubhava karate hue hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, zizu kI zArIrika-AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti evaM mAtA ke hita ko dhyAna meM rakhakara yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| __AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke janma se chaThaveM mAsa meM evaM bAlikA ke janma se pA~caveM mAsa meM karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI isa saMskAra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| unameM janma se sAtaveM yA AThaveM mAsa meM yaha saMskAra karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke 28 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathamavibhAga), udaya-navA~, pR.-16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina (bhAga-2), parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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156 sAdhvI mokSamA zrI granthoM meM260 yaha saMskAra zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhA~ti hI sAmAnyataH chaThaveM mAsa meM karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| tInoM paramparAoM meM vidhipUrvaka zizu ko prathama anna kA bhojana karAne kI yaha prathA isa bAta kI dyotaka hai ki yaha eka sarvamAnya prathA thI, jise sabhI paramparAoM ne eka saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| saMskAra kA kartA - zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jaina-brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa ke anusAra bhI yaha saMskAra jaina-brAhmaNa dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra brAhmaNa dvArA karAne kA tathA kahIM-kahIM pitA dvArA bhI karAne kA ullekha milatA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne annaprAzana-saMskAra kI nimna vidhi pratipAdita kI haiannaprAzana-saMskAra kI vidhi - ___ vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra janma ke chaThaveM mahIne meM putra ko evaM pA~caveM mahIne meM putrI ko zubha nakSatra, tithi, vAra evaM yoga hone para zizu ke candrabala ko dekhakara vidhipUrvaka anna kA AhAra karAnA caahie| yaha saMskAra kaunase nakSatroM meM evaM vAroM meM kiyA jAnA cAhie- isa para bhI mUla grantha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI kaunase lagna meM yaha saMskAra kie jAne para usakA kyA prabhAva par3atA hai- isakA bhI isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| __isa saMskAra hetu sarvaprathama gRhastha guru zizu ke ghara jAkara deza meM utpanna hone vAle dhAna, phala, Adi kA saMgraha kre| tatpazcAt unase aneka prakAra ke vyaMjana bnaae| tadanantara arhat-pratimA ko bRhatsnAtravidhi se paMcAmRta-snAna karavAkara, arhatkalpa meM ullekhita naivedya-maMtrapUrvaka anna, zAka, pakavAna, Adi ko pRthak pAtra meM saMcita kara jinapratimA ke sammukha car3hAe tathA sabhI prakAra ke phala bhI rkhe| usake bAda zizu para snAtrajala kA siMcana kre| tatpazcAt ve sabhI vastue~, jo jinapratimA ke sammukha car3hAI gaI thIM, usI prakAra kI saba vastue~ amRtAzrava-maMtrapUrvaka gautamasvAmI kI pratimA, kula- devatA ke maMtra se kuladevatA ko tathA kuladevI ke maMtra se gotradevatA ke samakSa cddh'aae| tadanantara kuladevI ke naivedya 260 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-202, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680 ' dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-202, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

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varthamAnArikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 157 meM se zizu ke yogya AhAra lekara gIta-gAna tathA maMtrapUrvaka zizu ke mukha meM de| isa avasara para yatiguru evaM gRhasthaguru ko kina-kina vastuoM kA dAna de- isakA bhI mUla grantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ____etadartha vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke prathama bhAga ke nauveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka-vivecana - zizu ke zArIrika-vikAsa kI dRSTi se annaprAzana nAmaka yaha saMskAra atyanta mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| isake mahatva ko samAna rUpa se svIkArate hue bhI sabhI paramparAoM meM apane upAsya deva Adi ke bheda se isake vidhi-vidhAnoM meM AMzika matabheda bhI parilakSita hotA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha rAjapraznIya 62 meM milatA hai, kintu isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAna hameM vahA~ upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| AcAradinakara ke anusAra zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra bAlikA ke janma se pA~caveM mahIne meM tathA bAlaka ke janma se chaThaveM mahIne meM zizu kA candrabala dekhakara kiyA jAtA hai| jabaki digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra sAta yA ATha mAha vyatIta hone para kiyA jAtA hai, vaidika-paramparA ke vidvAnoM kA isa saMskAra ke samaya ke sambandha meM mataikya nahIM hai| lauMgAkSi ke anusAra263 - zizu kI pAcanazakti ke vikasita ho jAne para tathA dA~ta ke nikalane para yaha saMskAra karanA caahie| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra - annaprAzana-saMskAra janma se chaThaveM saura-mAsa meM tathA kAraNavazAt sthagita hone para AThaveM yA nauveM yA dasaveM mAsa meM karanA cAhie, kintu katipaya paNDitoM ke matAnusAra yaha bArahaveM mAsa meM yA eka varSa pUrNa hone para bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu isase Age ise sthagita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bAlakoM kA sama mAsa meM evaM bAlikAoM kA viSama mAsa meM yaha saMskAra karane kA ullekha milatA hai|265 22 rAjapraznIyasUtra, sampAdaka - madhukaramuni, sUtra-280, pR.-206, zrI AgamaprakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1961 263 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (caturtha pariccheda), pR.-115, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1965 264 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (caturtha pariccheda), pR.-115, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 265 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (caturtha pariccheda), pR.-115, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1965

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158 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI smRtiyoM meM sAmAnyatayA isa saMskAra ko karane ke lie chaThavA~ mahInA upayukta mAnA gayA hai| mAnavagRhyasUtra ne bhI isa saMskAra ke lie pAMcavA~ yA chaThavA~ mahInA batAyA hai, jo AcAradinakara ke mata kA samarthana karatA hai| ___ AcAradinakara267 meM yaha saMskAra kauna-kaunase vAroM, nakSatroM, tithiyoM evaM lagnoM meM karanA cAhie- isakA bahuta spaSTa vivecana milatA hai| aisA spaSTa vivecana digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai| AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra hetu zizu ke lie AhAra kisa prakAra se taiyAra kareM- isakA bhI spaSTa nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa sambandha meM mArkaNDeyapurANa298 meM itanA ullekha jarUra milatA hai ki pitA zizu ko madhu aura ghI ke sAtha khIra khilaae| gRhyasUtroM meM isa saMskAra meM mAMsAhAra ke bhI kucha ullekha haiM, isase lagatA hai ki usa kAla meM hindU samAja meM mAMsAhAra kA pracalana rahA hogA, kintu isase paravartIkAla ke hinduoM ke saMskAra sambandhI granthoM meM zizu ko madhu aura ghI ke sAtha khIra khilAe jAne tathA dahI, dUdha, ghI, Adi khilAe jAne kA hI ullekha milatA hai| 200 zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra201 isa saMskAra meM sarvaprathama arhat paramAtmA kI pratimA ko bRhatsnAtravidhi se paMcAmRta-snAna karAne kA nirdeza hai, sAtha hI arhatkalpa meM nirdiSTa naivedya-maMtra dvArA isa saMskAra hetu taiyAra kie gae vyaMjanoM ko paramAtmA ke sammukha car3hAne kA vidhAna hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI arihaMta paramAtmA kI pratimA kI pUjA kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isake atirikta vahA~ kisI prakAra kA aura koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke prArambha meM mAtRkApUjana evaM gaNapati-pUjana kA saMketa milatA hai| 202 266 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-202, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 7 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathamavibhAga), udaya-navA~, pR.-16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. 26 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (caturtha pariccheda), pR.-117, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1965 266 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-202, uttarapradeza hindI _ saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 300 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (caturtha pariccheda), pR.-117, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 201 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathamavibhAga), udaya-navA~, pR.-16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. 302 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-186, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AcAradinakara meM303 gautamasvAmI kI pratimA ke samakSa bhI ve sabhI vastue~ car3hAne kA nirdeza hai, jo jinapratimA ke samakSa car3hAI gaI thiiN| vizeSa yaha ki gautamasvAmI kI pratimA ke samakSa ve sabhI vastue~ amRtAsrava maMtroccAra ke sAtha car3hAne kA vidhAna hai| phira usI prakAra kI ve saba vastue~ kuladevI yA kuladevatA ke samakSa bhI car3hAne kA nirdeza hai tathA usa kuladevI ke naivedya meM se hI zizu ke yogya AhAra lekara gIta-gAna karate hue zizu ke mukha meM diyA jAtA hai| zizu ko AhAra dete samaya bole jAne vAle maMtroM meM bhI ina sabhI paramparAoM meM bhinnatA hai, jaise zvetAmbara - paramparA meM gRhastha- guru nimna maMtra bolatA hai304 "arha bhagavAnarhan trilokanAthaH trilokapUjitaH sudhAdhAradhArita zarIro'pikAvalikAhAramahAritavAn pazyannapi pAraNA vidhAvikSurasaparamAnnabhojanAtparamAnandadAyakaM balaM / taddehinnaudArika zarIramAptastvamapyAhAraya AhAraM tatte dIrghamAyurArogyamastu arhaM AUM|| " digambara - paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke samaya nimna maMtra bolA jAtA hai305 " divyAmRtabhAgIbhava, vijayAmRtabhAgIbhava, akssiinnaamRtbhaagiibhv|" vaidika - paramparA meM annaprAzana ke samaya nimna maMtra bolA jAtA hai306 159 "bhUH bhUvaH svaH ..... / " vaidika-paramparA meM kahIM-kahIM maunapUrvaka yA 'hanta' zabda ke sAtha bhI zizu ko bhojana karAne kA ullekha milatA hai| 307 isa prakAra tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke samaya bole jAne vAle maMtroM meM bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM jisa prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha hai, vaisA digambara evaM vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai| vaidika - paramparA meM zizu ko AhAra karAne se pUrva yajJa (homa) karane kA vidhAna hai| 303 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathamavibhAga), udaya- navA~, pR. 16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. 304 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathamavibhAga), udaya- navA~, pR. 16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka DaoN. pannAlAla jaina (bhAga-2), parva - cAlIsavA~, pR. 308, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 305 306 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 186, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 307 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (caturtha pariccheda), pR. 117, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1965 -

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160 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI zvetAmbara-paramparA meM zizu ko anna kA AhAra karAne ke pazcAt sAdhuoM ko bhI vaha AhAra dene kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, sAtha hI vidhikAraka ko bhI yathokta anna, dhana evaM vastra, Adi dene ke lie kahA gayA hai|308 digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM brAhmaNabhoja206 kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM jisa prakAra se isa saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI kA nirdeza kiyA hai, vaise vistRta nirdeza hamArI jAnakArI meM digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM milate haiN| upasaMhAra - isa saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka-adhyayana karane ke pazcAt jaba hama isake prayojana evaM upAdeyatA ke sambandha meM samIkSAtmaka-dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, to hama pAte haiM ki zizu ke zarIra ke vikAsa sambandhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie tathA mAtA ke dugdhapAna karAne ke dAyitva se nivRtti hetu yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai| annaprAzana-saMskAra ke mAdhyama se ucita samaya para zizu ko apanI mAtA ke stanapAna se kramazaH pRthak kara anna se apanA jIvana calAne vAlA banAyA jAtA hai| zizu ke hitArtha jAnakara chaThaveM mAha meM yA usake kucha samaya pazcAt yaha saMskAra karane kA vidhAna isalie kiyA gayA ki zizu ke dA~ta A jAne para tathA usakI pAcanakSamatA kA vikAsa hone para hI vaha isa Thosa AhAra ko pacA sakatA hai| sAmAnyataH, chaThaveM mahIne meM zizu ke dA~ta A jAne evaM usakI pAcanakSamatA kA vikAsa ho jAne ke kAraNa hI isa saMskAra kI avadhi janma se chaThaveM mahIne meM rakhI gaI, kyoMki isase pUrva usakI pAcanakSamatA vikasita na hone para Thosa bhojana dvArA zizu rogagrasta bhI ho sakatA hai| sAtha hI, yaha saMskAra mAtA ke hita ke lie bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| cU~ki eka samaya ke bAda mAtA ke dUdha kI mAtrA bhI ghaTatI jAtI hai tathA nayA garbhadhAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai, ataH mAtA kI zakti kA bhI nirarthaka kSaya na ho, isalie bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA rahA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| dUsare, yaha saMskAra mAtA ke putra ke prati karttavya ko bhI iMgita karatA hai, kyoMki yadi mAtA eka samayAvadhi ke pazcAt use Thosa AhAra prArambha nahIM karatI hai, to zizu kI 308 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathamavibhAga), udaya-navA~, pR.-16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. 6 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (caturtha pariccheda), pra.-117, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665

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varthamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 161 pAcanazakti bhI kamajora banI rahegI, ataH zizu kI pAcanazakti kA kSaya na ho, isalie mAtA kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha use dhIre-dhIre Thosa AhAra kraae| vardhamAnasUri kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne anya saMskAroM kI bhA~ti isa saMskAra meM kuladevI-devatAoM ke naivedya Adi kA bhI nirdeza AcAradinakara meM kiyA hai, jo apanI kula-paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane hetu Avazyaka thaa| uparyukta sabhI dRSTikoNoM para jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to isa saMskAra kA prayojana evaM isa saMskAra kI jIvana meM upAdeyatA svataH hI prakaTa ho jAtI hai| manuSya kA jIvana AhAra para hI Azrita hai, usake binA vyakti kA zArIrika-vikAsa sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki AhAra hI zarIra ko zakti evaM saMbala pradAna karatA hai, isalie zizu ke zArIrika-vikAsa ke lie yaha saMskAra atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| karNavedha-saMskAra karNavedha-saMskAra kA svarUpa - isa saMskAra meM zizu kA karNachedana kara vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka karNa-AbhUSaNa pahanAyA jAtA hai| AbhUSaNa pahanAne ke lie zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM ke chedana kI prathA sampUrNa saMsAra kI Adima jAtiyoM meM pracalita rahI hai| isa saMskAra kA udbhava atiprAcInakAla se hI huA hogA, kyoMki itihAsa meM aise aneka udAharaNa milate haiM, jaise - sUryadevatA dvArA karNa ko kuMDala denA aadi| yaha isa bAta ko spaSTa karatA hai ki usa kAla meM bhI yaha karNavedha-saMskAra pracalita rahA hogaa| yadyapi prAcIna granthoM meM isakI vidhi Adi nahIM milatI, tathApi karNa-AbharaNa pahanane ke ullekhoM se karNavedha sambandhI isa saMskAra kI puSTi hotI hai| isa saMskAra ko kie jAne kA mUlabhUta prayojana kyA rahA hogA, isa sambandha meM jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha pAte haiM ki prAcInakAla meM bhI isa saMskAra kA prArambha kAnoM ke AbhUSaNa pahanAne ke lie hI huA hogA, kintu Age calakara ise dhArmika saMskAra kA rUpa de diyA hogaa| vaidika-paramparA ke prAcIna sAhitya meM vizeSa rUpa se gRhyasUtroM meM isake vidhi-vidhAna kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, jo isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki atiprAcInakAla meM mAtra yaha eka prathA thI, lekina isakI upayogitA siddha hone para paravartI sAhitya meM ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnA gyaa| ekyUpaMcara kI cikitsA-vidhi ke anusAra karNachedana se rogoM kA yathAsambhava nirodha hone kI zakyatA rahatI hai| isa mahatvapUrNa

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sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI pakSa para vicAra karake hI yaha saMskAra prArambha huA hogA- aisA bhI hama mAna sakate haiN| 162 vardhamAnasUri ke AcAradinakara meM vidhi-vidhAnasahita yaha saMskAra karane kA ullekha milatA hai / digambara - paramparA ke AdipurANa meM hameM isa nAma ke saMskAra kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu jaina - saMskAra - vidhi meM caula-saMskAra ke samaya karNacheda karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, parantu ise svatantra saMskAra ke rUpa meM ullekhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-' 5- paramparA ke antargata yaha saMskAra karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| 310 karNavedha-saMskAra gRhyasUtroM meM varNita nahIM hai, parantu kAlAntara vAlI smRtiyoM evaM purANoM meM hI ullekhita hue haiM " tathA paravartI vaidika - vidvAnoM ne ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara isakA vidhi-vidhAnasahita vivecana kiyA hai| isa prakAra vardhamAnasUri ke AcAradinakara meM evaM vaidika - paramparA meM ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra zubha varSa, mAsa, dina Adi dekhakara kula - paramparA ke anusAra bAlaka ke tIsare, pA~caveM yA sAtaveM varSa meM kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika - paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke samaya ke sambandha meM vibhinna mata haiN| bRhaspati ke anusAra " yaha saMskAra zizu ke janma ke pazcAt dasaveM, bArahaveM yA solahaveM dina karanA caahie| garga ke anusAra 4 chaThaveM, sAtaveM, AThaveM mAsa meM yaha saMskAra karanA cAhie, kintu kAtyAyanasUtra karNavedha saMskAra ke upayukta samaya ke rUpa meM zizu ke tRtIya yA pA~caveM varSa kA vidhAna karatA hai, zvetAmbara - paramparA meM nirdiSTa samaya kA samarthana bhI karatA haiN| 314 315 jo 30 jaina saMskAra vidhi, nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, adhyAya- 2, pR. 12, zrI vIra nirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, gommaTagirI, indaura, pAMcavIM AvRtti : 2000. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmanakANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 178, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680. 399 312 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathamavibhAga), udaya-dasavA~, pR. 17, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. 313 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya - 6, pR. 201, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 314 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya - SaSTha (SaSTha pariccheda), pR. 130, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 315 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (SaSTha pariccheda), pR. 130, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 163 saMskAra kA kartA - AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM kAtyAyanasUtra ke matAnusAra yaha saMskAra pitA dvArA kiyA jAtA thA, para kAnoM kA chedana kauna kare ? isa sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| madhyakAlIna lekhaka zrIpati ne yaha adhikAra suI banAne vAle aura svarNakAra ko diyA hai|317 Adhunika samaya meM bhI vaMza-paramparA ke anubhava ke kAraNa karNavedha prAyaH svarNakAra dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne karNavedha kI nimna vidhi pratipAdita kI karNavedha-saMskAra kI vidhi - vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra nirdoSa varSa, mAsa, tithi, vAra, nakSatra hone para zizu ke ravi-candrabala meM hI karNavedha-saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| karNavedha-saMskAra ke samaya grahoM, nakSatroM kI kyA sthiti ho, kaunase vAra isa kArya hetu zubha kahe gae haiM, isakI vistRta carcA mUla grantha meM kI gaI hai| ___karNavedha-saMskAra hetu tIsarA, pAMcavA~, sAtavA~ varSa nirdoSa mAnA gayA hai| isameM bhI jisa mAsa meM zizu kA sUrya balavAn ho, usa mAsa meM guruvAra Adi zubha dinoM meM amRta-maMtra dvArA jala ko abhimaMtrita kareM tathA usa jala se sadhavA striyA~ zizu evaM usakI mAtA ko maMgalagIta gAte hue snAna kraaeN| tatpazcAt gRhastha guru usake gRha meM pauSTikakarma adhikAra ke anurUpa pauSTikakarma kare tathA SaSThImAtA ko chor3akara ATha mAtAoM kI pUjA kre| tatpazcAt apanI kula- paramparA ke anusAra yogya sthAna para karNavedha-saMskAra kI kriyA kre| vahA~ modaka Adi banAne kA sabhI kArya apane kulAcAra ke anusAra kreN| tadanantara bAlaka ko sukhAsana meM pUrvAbhimukha baiThAkara usakA karNavedha kreN| usake bAda bAlaka ko kisa prakAra se upAzraya meM le jAeM, kisa prakAra se vahA~ maNDalI-pUjA kareM evaM vAsakSepa leM, isakA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt gRhastha guru bAlaka ko usake ghara le jAkara karNa-AbharaNa phnaae| usake bAda yatiguru ko caturvidhAhAra tathA gRhasthaguru ko dAna-dakSiNA deN| 216 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (SaSTha pariccheda), pR.-131, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 27 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (SaSTha pariccheda), pR.-131, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665

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164 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI karNavedha hetu kina-kina sAmagriyoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, isakA bhI prasaMgavaza mUla grantha meM ullekha huA hai| isakI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke prathama khaNDa ke dasaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana - zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha arddhamAgadhI Agama rAjapraznIyasUtra meM milatA hai, kintu isa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha hameM vahA~ nahIM milatA hai| AcAradinakara evaM vaidika-sAhitya meM karNavedha nAmaka isa saMskAra ko apanI-apanI kula-paramparA ke anurUpa kie jAne kA ullekha hai| isa kAraNa isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM meM bhI kucha antara hai| AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM jyotiSa sambandhI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| usake anusAra yaha saMskAra uttarASAr3hA, uttarAphAlgunI, uttarAbhAdrapada, hasta, rohiNI, revatI, zravaNa, punarvasu, mRgazIrSa evaM puSya nakSatra meM karanA caahie| sAtha hI isameM unhoMne viziSTa zubha nakSatroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| kauna-kaunase vAroM evaM tithiyoM meM yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA cAhie, isakA ullekha karate hue unhoMne anya saMskAroM kI bhA~ti hI zizu ke sUryabala evaM candrabala ko dekhakara hI yaha saMskAra karane ke lie kahA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM isa saMskAra ke muhUrta Adi kA vistRta varNana na karake itanA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki yaha saMskAra zuklapakSa meM kisI zubha dina meM sampanna karanA caahie|220 AcAradinakara ke anusAra isa saMskAra ke antargata gRhastha guru sarvaprathama amRtamaMtra dvArA jala ko abhimaMtrita karate haiM aura usa jala se sadhavA striyA~ zizu evaM usakI mAtA ko snAna karAtI haiN| AcAradinakara meM yaha snAna kulAcAra ke anusAra vizeSa tela kA mardana karake tIsare, pA~caveM, naveM yA gyArahaveM dina karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt ghara meM pauSTikakarma karake evaM SaSThImAtA ko chor3akara zeSa ATha mAtAoM 1 rAjapraznIya sUtra, sampAdaka-madhukaramuni, sUtra-280 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1661 31 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-dasavA~, pR.-17, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. 30 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (SaSTha pariccheda), pR.-132, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 165 kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| tatpazcAt kula-paramparA ke anusAra kuladevatA ke sthAna para yA anya kisI jagaha para jAkara karNavedha kA kArya kiyA jAtA hai|31 vaidika-paramparA meM isa sambandha meM mAtra mAtRkApUjana evaM gaNezapUjana kA hI ullekha milatA hai|322 vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kahA~ kiyA jAe, isa sambandha meM koI nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra 23 naivedya Adi banAne kA kArya bhI kuladevatA ke sthAna para jAkara hI kiyA jAtA hai| vahA~ gIta, gAna, maMgalAcAra Adi saba kArya bhI kula-paramparA ke anusAra hI kiyA jAtA hai aura usI sthAna para bAlaka ko sukhAsana meM pUrvAbhimukha baiThAkara usakA karNachedana karate haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti kuladevatA Adi kI koI vizeSa carcA nahIM hai| vaidika-paramparA meM kAtyAyanasUtra ke anusAra zizu ko pUrvAbhimukha baiThAkara use kucha miThAI dI jAtI hai, phira maMtroccAra ke sAtha zizu kA dAhinA kAna chedA jAtA hai| suzruta ke anusAra225 zizu ko mAtA yA dhAya kI goda meM baiThAkara yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke samaya bole jAne vAle maMtroM meM bhI matabheda haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM karNachedana ke samaya nimna maMtra bolA jAtA hai26 - "OM aha~ zrutenAMgairUpAMgaiH kAlikairUtkAlikaiH pUrvagataizcUlikAbhiH parikarmabhiH sUtraiH pUrvAnuyogaiH chandobhilakSaNairnirUktairdharmazAstraviddhakarNIbhUyAt arha uuN||" yahA~ vardhamAnasUri ne zUdroM ke lie alaga maMtra batAyA hai, jo nimna prakAra se hai327 "U~ ahaM tava zrutidvayaM hRdayaM dhrmaaviddhmstu|" 32" AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-dasavA~, pR.-17, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622 222 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-18, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 222 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-dasavA~, pR.-17 Tha, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. 324 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (SaSTha pariccheda), pR.-132, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 325 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (SaSTha pariccheda), pR.-133, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 326 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-dasavA~, pR.-17, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1922. 10 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-dasavA~, pR.-17, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622.

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166 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI isa prakAra zvetAmbara - paramparA meM ye do maMtra batAe gae haiN| vaidika paramparA meM dAhinA karNachedana karate samaya "hama apane kAnoM se bhadravANI sune" evaM bAyA~ karNachedana karate samaya " vakSyanti" Adi maMtrocAra kie jAte haiN| aisA ullekha milatA hai / 328 vaidika paramparA meM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti zUdroM ke lie alaga se kisI maMtra kA vidhAna nahIM milatA hai| - AcAradinakara ke anusAra karNachedana ke pazcAt zizu ko upAzraya meM le jAkara maNDalIpUjA karate haiM aura yatiguru se vidhipUrvaka vAsakSepa DalavAkara zizu ko ghara le jAte haiM, phira karNa - AbharaNa pahanAte hai| isa prakAra kA vidhAna vaidika paramparA meM nahIM milatA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra isa avasara para yatiguru ko caturvidha AhAra, vastra, pAtra, Adi kA dAna dene kA tathA gRhastha guru ko bhI svarNa, vastra Adi kA dAna dene kA vidhAna hai| vaidika paramparA meM brAhmaNa bhojana kA vidhAna milatA hai| uttarakAlIna sAhitya meM lekhakoM ne isa saMskAra ke aneka vidhi-vidhAnoM ko jor3akara isa saMskAra ko thor3A vistRta kara diyA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra ke lie jisa prakAra Avazyaka sAmagrI kA nirdezana diyA hai, usa prakAra kA ullekha vaidika sAhitya ke prAcIna granthoM meM hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM kie jAne vAle isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM meM bhinnatA hai, lekina donoM kA dhyeya karNachedana karanA hI hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra tulanAtmaka vivecana ke bAda jaba hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA ke bAre meM vicAra karate haiM, to hama pAte haiM ki yaha saMskAra mAtra karNa ke alaMkaraNa (zobhA) ke lie hI nahIM kiyA jAtA thA, apitu isake pIche eka prayojana yaha bhI rahA hogA ki isa saMskAra ko karane se zizu kI roga Adi se rakSA hotI hai| aisI mAnyatA thI ki aNDakozavRddhi evaM AntravRddhi ke nirodha ke lie yaha saMskAra karanA caahie| vartamAna meM ekyUpaMcara ke cikitsaka bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM, ki karNachedana se rogoM kA nirodha hotA hai| hara vyakti apane jIvana kA hara pala khuzI meM, sukha meM vyatIta karanA cAhatA hai, vaha kisI roga kA duHkha yA trAsa sahana karanA nahIM cAhatA / ataH rogoM kI rokathAma karane meM bhI isa saMskAra kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA svataH hI 328 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (SaSTha pariccheda), pR. 132, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1965

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prakaTa ho jAtI hai| lagabhaga 50-60 varSoM se yaha saMskAra puruSa varga meM upekSita ho gayA thA, kintu vartamAna meM kitane hI loga karNachedana karAne lage haiN| cUr3AkaraNa - saMskAra cUr3AkaraNa - saMskAra kA svarUpa isa saMskAra meM bAlaka ke mastaka kA prathama bAra muNDana kiyA jAtA hai| cUr3A zabda kA tAtparya bAloM ke guccha yA zikhA se hai, jo muNDita sira para rakhI jAtI hai| ise coTI yA zikhA bhI kahate haiN| isa prakAra cUr3Akarma vaha saMskAra hai, jisameM janma ke uparAnta pahalI bAra sira para eka bAlaguccha ( zikhA ) rakhakara zeSa sira ke bAloM kA muNDana kiyA jAtA hai| tInoM hI paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ko isI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa saMskAra ko karane kA mUlabhUta prayojana kyA hai ? isa sambandha meM jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to hama pAte haiM ki prAcIna samaya meM sira ko svaccha rakhane ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| lekina kAlapravAha ke sAtha jaise-jaise isase lAbha hone lagA, vaise-vaise vyakti kI yaha dhAraNA bana gaI ki isa saMskAra se vyakti ko dIrgha Ayu, saundarya tathA kalyANa kI prApti hotI hai| hinduoM ke Ayurveda sambandhI granthoM se bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| isa saMskAra ko karane kA mukhya prayojana garbhakAla ke kezoM kA muNDana rahA hai / kucha logoM kI yaha bhI mAnyatA thI ki pUrvajanma ke mastiSka meM baiThe kusaMskAroM- kuprabhAvoM ko samApta karane ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA cAhie, jisase bAlaka pAzavika saMskAroM se mukta ho sake tathA vaha mAnavIya sadguNoM se ota-prota bana ske| dUsarA, garbha ke bAla apavitra mAne jAte haiM tathA unheM haTAnA bhI Avazyaka thaa| isa prakAra ina uddezyoM ko lekara yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| 167 _326 AcAradinakara ke anusAra' yaha saMskAra apanI kulavidhi ke anusAra zubhadinoM meM karanA cAhie / yahA~ samayAvadhi kA nirdeza na dekara isa sambandha meM kula - paramparA ko hI mahatva diyA gayA hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAe, isa sambandha meM purANoM Adi meM koI nirdeza nahIM milatA hai, kintu jaina saMskAra vidhi meM isase sambandhita ullekha milate haiM, jisake anusAra yaha bAlaka ke pAMca varSa pUrNa hone para kiyA jAtA hai, dUsare yA tIsare varSa meM bhI yaha 326 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya - gyArahavA~, pR. 18, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622.

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168 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI kriyA kI jA sakatI hai|330 vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, isa sambandha meM vibhinna mata haiM, lekina sAmAnyatayA gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra331 cUDAkaraNa-saMskAra janma ke pazcAt prathama varSa ke anta meM yA tRtIya varSa kI samApti ke pUrva kiyA jAtA hai| prAcInatama smRtikAra manu bhI isI samaya kA samarthana karate haiN| saMskAra kA karttA - AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra dvijoM (jaina brAhmaNa) dvArA karavAne kA nirdeza hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra brAhmaNa dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne cUr3AkaraNa-saMskAra kI nimna vidhi pratipAdita kI hai - cUr3AkaraNa-saMskAra kI vidhi - sarvaprathama AcAradinakara meM yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie - isa sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra bAlaka kA sUrya jisa mAsa meM balavAn ho, usa mAsa meM tathA jisa dina caMdra balavAn ho usa dina, zubha tithi, vAra evaM nakSatroM ke hone para kulAcAra ke anurUpa kuladevatA ke sthAna para athavA anya kisI sthAna para pauSTikakarma kreN| tatpazcAt SaSThImAtA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI mAtAoM kI pUjA kreN| tadanantara kulAcAra ke anusAra kuladevatA ke lie naivedya, pakavAna Adi bnaaeN| tatpazcAt gRhastha guru snAna kie hue bAlaka ko Asana para baiThAkara bRhatsnAtravidhi se prApta snAtrajala se zAntidevI ke maMtra se use abhisiMcita kre| tatpazcAt kula paramparAgata nAI ke hAtha se bAlaka kA muNDana kraae| tInoM vargoM ke logoM meM muNDana kisa vidhi se karAeM - isakA bhI ullekha vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM kiyA gayA hai| muNDana ke pazcAt abhimaMtrita jala se zizu ko abhisiMcita kareM tathA paMcaparameSThI ke smaraNapUrvaka bAlaka ko Asana se uThAkara snAna kraaeN| tadanantara candana Adi kA lepa karake 330 jaina saMskAra vidhi, nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, adhyAya-2, pR.-12, zrI vIranirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, gommaTa girI, indaura, pAMcavI AvRtti : 2000 231 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR.-122, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 332 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR.-122, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 169 tathA vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa karavAkara bAlaka ko upAzraya meM le jAeM aura maNDalIpUjA, guruvaMdana Adi kRtya kareM tathA vAsakSepa grahaNa kreN| tatpazcAt yatiguru evaM gRhI guru ko dAna deM tathA nAI ko vastra evaM kaMkaNa Adi pradAna kreN| isake pazcAt mUla grantha meM isa saMskAra hetu Avazyaka sAmagrI ke sambandha meM nirdeza diyA gayA isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAna kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke prathama khaNDa ke gyArahaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana - cUr3AkaraNa nAmaka yaha saMskAra tInoM paramparA meM kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko isI nAma se vivecita kiyA gayA hai, kintu digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kezavApa333 yA caulakriyA ke nAma se varNita hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha jJAtAdharmakathA evaM rAjapraznIyasUtra meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai339, kintu isa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha hameM ina granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra235 zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke sUryabala evaM candrabala ko dekhakara zubha tithi, vAra evaM nakSatra meM kulavidhi ke anusAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM vardhamAnasUri ne jyotiSazAstra sambandhI kucha vidhi-niSedhoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai, jisakA ullekha pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| unhoMne yaha batAyA hai ki kina-kina nakSatroM, tithiyoM evaM vAroM meM yaha saMskAra karanA cAhie tathA kina-kina nakSatroM, tithiyoM evaM vAroM meM tathA kina sthAnoM para yaha saMskAra nahIM karanA caahie| digambara-paramparA ke prAcIna sAhitya meM jyotiSazAstra sambandhI koI ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM mile| unake matAnusAra yaha saMskAra zubha dinoM meM karanA cAhie, parantu ve zubha dina kauna-kaunase mAne gae haiM, isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI ne apanI pustaka jaina saMskAra vidhi meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| isa saMskAra ke lie unhoMne vAroM meM 233 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 334 (a) jJAtAdharmakathA sU.-1/67 (ba) rAjapraznIya sU.-280, sN.-mdhukrmuni| 35 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-gyArahavA~, pR.- 18, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. International

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI soma, budha, zukravAra, tithiyoM meM dvitIyA, tRtIyA, paMcamI, saptamI, dazamI, ekAdazI, trayodazI tathA nakSatroM meM jyeSThA, mRgazirA, citrA, revatI, hasta, svAti, punarvasu, puSya, dhaniSThA, zatabhiSA, azvinI ko zubha mAnA hai, 336 jo AcAradinakara ke samarUpa hI hai| vaidika - paramparA meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita jyotiSa viSayaka mAnyatAoM kA ullekha gRhyasUtra meM nahIM milatA hai, parantu uttarasmRti - kAla meM isa sambandha meM carcA kI gaI hai, jisake anusAra yaha saMskAra sUrya ke uttarAyaNa meM karanA caahie| rAjamArtaNDa ke anusAra caitra aura pauSa mAsa tathA sArasaMgraha ke anusAra 38 jyeSTha aura mRgazIrSa mAsa isa saMskAra ke lie varjita mAne gae haiN| sAtha hI yaha saMskAra dina meM karanA cAhie - aisA bhI nirdeza hai| phira bhI AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra jyotiSa sambandhI nirdezoM ko jitane vistRta DhaMga se evaM spaSTa rUpa se vivecita kiyA hai, usa prakAra kA ullekha vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai / 337 336 170 AcAradinakara ke anusAra isa saMskAra ke lie sarvaprathama kuladevatA ke sthAna para grAma, parvata athavA ghara meM zAstrokta vidhi se pauSTikakarma kiyA jAtA hai, isake bAda SaSThI mAtA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI mAtAoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / sAtha hI kulAcAra ke anusAra kuladevatA ke lie pakavAna banAe jAte haiN| digambara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra meM deva evaM guru kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / 340 vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra gaNezapUjana, mAtRkApUjana, saMkalpa, maMgala zrAddhakarma evaM brahmabhoja ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai / 341 yahA~ yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra pauSTikakarma kA nirdeza diyA hai, usa prakAra kA ullekha digambara - paramparA meM hameM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra gRha yA kuladevatA ke sthAna para karane kA nirdeza avazya milatA hai| 336 jaina saMskAra vidhi, nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, adhyAya- 2, pR. 12, zrI vIranirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, gommaTa girI, indaura, pAMcavI AvRtti 2000. 337 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha ( pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR. 123, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 338 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR. 123, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 33. dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya - SaSTha ( pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR. 123, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 340 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- ar3atIsavA~, pR. 248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 341 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (pAMcavAM pariccheda), pR. 124, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 171 AcAradinakara ke anusAra242 gRhastha guru snAna kie hue bAlaka ko Asana para baiThAkara bRhatsnAtravidhi se prApta snAtrajala dvArA zAntidevI ke maMtra se bAlaka ko abhisiMcita karate haiN| phira usake bAda, kulaparamparAgata nAI se usake sira kA muNDana karavAte haiN| yahA~ vardhamAnasUri ne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki tInoM varNa meM sira ke madhya bhAga meM zikhA rakhate haiM tathA zUdra zikhA na rakhakara pUrA hI muNDana karavAte haiN| digambara-paramparA meM bAlaka ko snAna karavAne kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa paramparA meM bAlaka ke kezoM ko gIlA karake usa para pUjA ke zeSa akSata rakhate haiN| phira usakI coTI chor3akara yA kulapaddhati ke anusAra muNDana kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra kI kriyA meM 'puNyAha' nAmaka maMgalakriyA kie jAne kA bhI nirdeza milatA hai|343 vaidika-paramparA meM pahale bAlaka ko snAna karAyA jAtA hai| phira anadhule vastra meM lipaTe hue usa bAlaka ko goda meM lekara mAtA yajJIya-agni ke pazcima meM baiThatI hai tathA pitA use pakar3e hue AhutiyA~ detA hai| yajJazeSa bhojana kara cukane para maMtroccAra ke sAtha bAlaka ke sira para zikhA rakhakara zeSa bAloM kA muNDana kiyA jAtA hai| zikhAoM kI saMkhyA kitanI ho, isa sambandha meM kula kI mAnyatA ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| hinduoM ke lie zikhA rakhanA anivArya samajhA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM tInoM varNa (brAhmaNa, kSatriya evaM vaizya) meM zikhA rakhane kA tathA zUdra ko zikhA nahIM rakhane kA vidhAna hai| isa sambandha meM digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM spaSTa nirdeza dekhane ko nahIM milatA aura na abhimaMtrita jala se bAlaka ko snAna karAne kA nirdeza milatA hai| tInoM paramparAoM meM caulakarma ke samaya bole jAne vAle maMtroM meM bhI bhinnatA hai, jaise zvetAmbara-paramparA meM nimna maMtroccAra ke sAtha yaha vidhi sampanna kI jAtI _ "U~ aha~ dhruvamAyurbuvamArogyaM dhruvAH zriyoM dhruvaM kulaM dhruvaM yazo dhruvaM tejo dhruvaM karma dhruvA ca kulasantatirastu arha uuN||" 242 AdhAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-gyArahavA~, pR.-18, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. 343 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 244 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR.-126, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 255 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-gyArahavA~, pR.-18, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622.

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sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI 172 digambara-paramparA meM caulakarma karate samaya nimna maMtra bole jAte haiM.46 - "upanayanamuNDabhAgI bhava, nirgranthamuNDabhAgI bhava, niSkrAntimuNDabhAgI bhava, paramanistArakezabhAgI bhava, paramendrakezabhAgI bhava, paramarAjyakezabhAgI bhava, ArhantyarAjyakezabhAgI bhv|" vaidika-paramparA meM caulakarma ke samaya jo mantra bole jAte haiM, unakA hindI rUpAntaraNa nimna hai|47 - "maiM AyuSya, anAdya, prajanana, aizvarya (rAyaspoSa), suprajAtya tathA suvIrya ke lie kezoM ko kATatA huuN|" sira ke pIche ke keza ko "tigunI Ayu" Adi maMtroM dvArA tathA sira ke dAhinI evaM bAIM ora ke kezoM ko anya maMtroM se kATate isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparAoM ke maMtro meM bhinnatA hai, parantu zvetAmbara-paramparA meM bole jAne vAle maMtra kA bhAvArtha kiMcit rUpa se vaidika-paramparA ke maMtravAkyoM se milatA-julatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA48 meM sira kA muNDana hone ke bAda parameSThImaMtra kA pATha karate hue bAlaka ko Asana se uThAkara snAna karAte haiN| phira candana Adi kA lepa karake evaM sundara vastrAbhUSaNa se sajjita karake upAzraya le jAte haiM tathA vahA~ jAkara maMDalIpUjA, guruvaMdana, vAsakSepa-grahaNa Adi kriyAe~ karate haiN| sAdhuoM ko vastra, anna, pAtra Adi kA dAna karate haiM tathA gRhastha guru evaM nAI ko bhI ucita dAna diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke grantha AdipurANa46 meM bhI zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhA~ti hI kezavApa kI kriyA ke pazcAt bAlaka ko snAna karAkara, candanAdi kA lepa lagAkara uttama AbhUSaNoM se sajjita kiyA jAtA hai| isake bAda bAlaka se muni bhagavaMta ko namaskAra karavAte haiM - aisA ullekha milatA hai, parantu muni bhagavaMta ko AhAra Adi dene evaM vidhi karAne vAle brAhmaNa Adi ko dAna dene kA 346 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-306, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000 347 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR.-126, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1665 348 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathamavibhAga), udaya-gyArahavA~, pR.-18, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san ____ 1622. 346 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 173 vahA~ ullekha nahIM milatA hai aura na hI maNDalIpUjA, guruvaMdana Adi kriyAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA 50 meM sira kA muNDana karane ke pazcAt kaTe hue kezoM ko gobara meM rakhakara gauzAlA meM gAr3ha die jAne yA tAlAba Adi meM DAla die jAne kA vidhAna hai| isa paramparA meM bhI brAhmaNa (vidhikAraka) evaM nApita ko dAna-dakSiNA dI jAtI hai - aise ullekha haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM kanyA kA cUr3AkaraNa karane kA bhI nirdeza milatA hai, para isa sambandha meM maMtroccAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|351 vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI kA bhI nirdeza diyA hai, kintu digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa prakAra kA koI ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milA, jabaki vaidika-paramparA meM granthoM meM bhI isa saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|352 isa prakAra tInoM paramparAoM meM cUr3AkaraNa-saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAna meM kahIM samarUpatA dikhAI detI hai, to kahIM bhinnatA bhI dikhAI detI hai| upasaMhAra - isa saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karane ke pazcAta jaba hama isakI upAdeyatA ke sambandha meM samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, to hama pAte haiM ki yaha eka sarvamAnya saMskAra thA, jise sabhI paramparAoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai, sira ko svaccha rakhane ke lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki garbhakAla ke kezoM ko chedana kiyA jAe, jisase sira meM jIvAdika kI utpatti na ho| dUsarA, isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM yaha mAnyatA bhI thI ki isa saMskAra se vyakti kI Ayu dIrgha hotI hai, jisakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue vaidika vidvAn suzruta kahate haiM - "mastaka ke bhItara kI ora zirA tathA sandhi kA saMnipAta hai| isa aMga ko kisI bhI prakAra kA AghAta lagane para tatkAla mRtyu ho jAtI hai|"353 ataH isa mahatvapUrNa aMga kI surakSA Avazyaka mAnI jAtI thI, aura isIlie isa aMga para zikhA rakhakara isa prayojana 350 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR.-127, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1965 30 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-18, uttarapradeza hindI ___ saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980. 352 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-gyArahavA~, pR.-18, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622. 353 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-SaSTha (pAMcavA~ pariccheda), pR.-128, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa 1965

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174 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ko pUrNa kiyA jAtA thaa| tIsare, bAlaka kA sira atyanta komala hotA hai, usake sira kA muNDana karate samaya mAtA-pitA ke mana meM bhaya banA rahatA hai ki keza chedana ke tIkSNa aujAra se usake sira para kisI prakAra kA AghAta yA kSati na ho| isa bhaya se mukta hone ke lie tathA zizu ke sira kI asthiyoM ke kaThora hone para usake prati maMgala kAmanA vyakta karate hue yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| ___ saMkSepa meM sira zarIra kA eka mahatvapUrNa aMga mAnA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pratyeka nagara meM eka UrjAkendra yA vidyutakendra hotA hai, usI prakAra mastiSka bhI hamAre pUre zarIra kI kriyA kA vidyutakendra hai, ataH usa aMga kI surakSA evaM svacchatA kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka thA, isI kAraNa isa saMskAra ko anivArya mAnA gyaa| upanayana-saMskAra upanayana-saMskAra kA svarUpa - upanayana kA zAbdika artha hai - samIpa yA sannikaTa le jaanaa| isa saMskAra meM bAlaka ko vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka AcArya ke pAsa le jAkara jJAnArjana hetu brahmacaryavrata kI dIkSA dekara vidyArthI banAyA jAtA hai| yaha eka aisA saMskAra hai, jisake mAdhyama se bAlaka ko vidyAdhyayana ke yogya banAyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se saMskArita bAlaka guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara eka nizcita avadhi taka brahmacarya kA pAlana karate hue vidyAdhyayana karatA hai| tInoM hI paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA isa saMskAra kA prayojana vidyAdhyayana mAnA gayA hai| ___ isa saMskAra ke antargata kI jAne vAlI kriyAe~, jaise - yajJopavIta. jise vardhamAnasUri ne jinaupavIta kA nAma diyA haiM, Adi kI kriyAe~ prAyaH samAna haiM, phira bhI paramparAoM kI bhinnatA kI apekSA se unameM AMzika bheda bhI dekhA jAtA isa saMskAra ke prayojana ke sambandha meM jaba hama vicAra karate hai, to pAte haiM ki mUlataH vidyAdhyayana hI isakA pramukha prayojana thA aura isa hetu chAtra ko AcArya ke sAnnidhya meM rakhA jAtA thA, kintu vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra54 vyakti ko varNa vizeSa meM praveza karane ke lie aura tadanurUpa veza evaM mudrA ko dhAraNa 354 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-bArahavA~, pR.-16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 175 karane ke lie tathA apane-apane guru dvArA upadiSTa dharmamArga meM praveza pAne hetu upanayana nAmaka saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke anusAra isa saMskAra ko karane kA prayojana bAlaka ko dvijatva kI prApti karAnA tathA use vratoM dvArA susaMskArita karake vidyAdhyayana karAnA thaa| vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko kie jAne kA mUlabhUta prayojana vidyAdhyayana evaM dvijatva kI prApti hI thaa| yahA~ vardhamAnasUri kA evaM digambara jaina AcArya jinasena kA dRSTikoNa vaidika-paramparA se aMzataH bhinna rahA hai, kyoMki vaidika-paramparA janmanA varNa-vyavasthA ko svIkAra karatI hai, ataH usameM sAmAnyatayA brAhmaNa-kula meM janmeM bAlaka aura vizeSa avasthA meM kSatriya evaM vaizya-kula meM utpanna bAlaka kA hI upanayana-saMskAra hotA hai| usameM saMskAra ke mAdhyama se varNa-parivartana nahIM hotA hai, jabaki jaina-paramparA ke anusAra isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vidyAdhyayana kara koI vyakti brAhmaNa Adi varNa vizeSa ko prApta kara sakatA hai, kyoMki jaina-paramparA meM varNa vyavasthA karmaNA hai| jinasena ke AdipurANa evaM vardhamAnasUri ke AcAradinakara ke anusAra brAhmaNa janma se nahIM, apitu vizeSa vratoM ko dhAraNa karake banA jAtA hai| yadyapi upanayana-saMskAra kI isa carcA meM vardhamAnasUri ne kahIM-kahIM vaidika-paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue janmanA jAtivAda kA samarthana bhI kiyA hai| saMskAra kA kartA - vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra AdipurANa meM nirdiSTa yogyatA ko dhAraNa karane vAle jaina dvijoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kauna karavAe, arthAt kisake dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai, isa sambandha meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM milate haiM, parantu sAmAnyataH brAhmaNoM dvArA hI yaha saMskAra karavAyA jAtA hai| - AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne upanayana-saMskAra kI nimna vidhi pratipAdita kI hai - 31 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-310, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000

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176 upanayana saMskAra kI vidhi - upanayana saMskAra manuSyoM ko varNa vizeSa meM praveza karane hetu tadanurUpa veza evaM mudrA dhAraNa karane ke lie tathA apane-apane guru dvArA upadiSTa dharma-mArga meM praveza karane ke nimitta kiyA jAtA hai / tadanantara mUla grantha meM upanayana ke mahatva ko samajhAyA gayA hai tathA kauna-kauna se kula tathA varNa ke loga kisa prakAra ke veza evaM upavIta ko dhAraNa karane ke yogya hote haiM, isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nirgrantha yatiyoM ko upavIta dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki ve tatsvarUpa hote haiN| tadanantara kisa-kisako kisa kAraNa se kitane sUtra ke upavIta ko dhAraNa karanA cAhie, isakA ullekha karate hue yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki zUdra ko jinAjJAbhUta uttarIya vastra tathA vaNika Adi ko deva, guru, dharma kI upAsanA ke samaya jinAjJArUpa uttarAsaMgamudrA dhAraNa karane kI anujJA hai / tatpazcAt jinaupavIta ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI upanayana-vidhi kA ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra hetu zubhalagna Adi kI vistRta carcA karate hue upanayana saMskAra hetu upayukta Ayu kA ullekha kiyA hai| upanayana saMskAra hetu upanayana ke yogya puruSa ko nau, sAta, pA~ca yA tIna dina taka tela kA mardana karake snAna krvaae| tatpazcAt lagnadina meM gRhastha guru usake ghara meM brahmamuhUrta meM pauSTikakarma kreN| phira coTI ko chor3akara usake zeSa bAloM kA muNDana karAe tathA vedI para samavasaraNa ke sadRza caturmukha jinabimba kI sthApanA kre| tatpazcAt jinabimba kI pUjA karake gRhastha guru upaneya puruSa se tIna pradakSiNA karavAe tathA cAroM dizAoM meM arhatastotrayukta zakrastava kA pATha kare / usa samaya maMgala gIta gAe jAeM tathA caturvidha saMgha ko AmaMtrita kreN| tatpazcAt Arya vedamaMtra, arthAt jaina - maMtrapUrvaka upanayana - vidhi kA AraMbha karake punaH cAroM dizAoM meM sthita ho AdinAtha bhagavAn ke stava sahita zakrastava kA pATha kreN| usa dina upaneya puruSa Ayambila kare / tatpazcAt guru abhimaMtrita caMdana se hRdaya, kaTi evaM lalATa para rekhA aMkita kare / tadanantara ziSya kisa prakAra se guru ko nivedana karatA hai, guru kisa prakAra se guMjamekhalA, laMgoTI evaM jinaupavIta ko abhimaMtrita karake dhAraNa karavAe isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| tadanantara gRhastha guru upaneya puruSa ko mahAprabhAvazAlI paMcaparameSThImaMtra dAe~ karNa meM tIna bAra sunAe / tatpazcAt isa maMtra kI mahimA batAte hue apavitra, zaTha Adi ko yaha maMtra dene kA niSedha kre| tatpazcAt upaneya puruSa gRhastha guru ko dAna-dakSiNA de / tatpazcAt upaneya puruSa kI vratAdezavidhi kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakaraNa meM cAroM varNoM ke lie sAmAnya evaM vizeSa vratAdezoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| tatpazcAt upaneya puruSa kI vrata - visarjana

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kI vidhi evaM godAna - vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki godAna Adi gRhastha guru evaM viproM ko hI deM, niHspRha yatiyoM ko nhiiN| unheM anna-pAna, vastra Adi kA hI dAna deN| tatpazcAt gRhastha guru upanIta puruSa ko varNa kI anujJA dekara mahotsavapUrvaka upAzraya meM le jAe tathA pUrva kI bhA~ti maNDalIpUjA Adi kre| tadanantara caturvidha saMgha kI pUjA kara sAdhuoM ko AhAra Adi kA dAna de| yaha upanayana kI vidhi hai| isake bAda mUlagrantha meM zUdra ko uttarIya vastra dene kI tathA baTuka banAne kI vidhi kA ullekha huA hai| anta meM upanayana saMskAra sambandhI sAmagrI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 177 isa vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI ke lie mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke prathama khaNDa ke bArahaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana - upanayana nAmaka yaha saMskAra tInoM hI paramparAoM meM kiyA jAtA hai, lekina unake vidhi-vidhAnoM meM kucha bhinnatA hai, jise hama tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke mAdhyama se jAna sakate haiN| vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra kA mahatva evaM itihAsa ke pramANoM kI carcA karane ke pazcAt kinako jinopavIta dhAraNa karanA cAhie - isakA vivecana kiyA hai| unake anusAra nirgrantha yatiyoM ko upavIta dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoki ve tatsvarUpa haiM, ataH upavIta kevala gRhasthoM ke lie hI dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai / 356 digambara - paramparA meM isa sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai ki upavIta ko kauna dhAraNa kare, kauna nhiiN| jo bhI zrAvaka ke vratoM ko svIkAra kara sadAcArapUrNa jIvana vyatIta karanA cAhe tathA adhyayana, adhyApana evaM dharmasAdhanA meM rUci le, vaha upavIta dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM sAmAnyataH saMnyAsI yajJopavIta dhAraNa nahIM karatA, lekina yadi karanA cAhe, to eka yajJopavIta ko dhAraNa kara sakatA haiM aisA ullekha milatA hai| . 357 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra jinaupavIta kA tAtparya navabrahmacaryaguptiyuta jJAna, darzana, cAritra ke cinharUpa mudrAsUtra se hai| digambara - paramparA meM upavIta kA tAtparya 356 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya - bArahavA~, pR. 16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 357 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-7, pR. 218, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680

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sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI aise hI sUtra se hai, jo vrata dhAraNa ke cinhasvarUpa haiM / 358 vaidika - paramparA meM yajJopavIta kA artha dvijavarNa kI prApti hai| 178 isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparAoM meM upavIta kA artha AMzika rUpa se bhinna aura AMzika rUpa se samAna batAyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra jinopavIta meM navatantugarbhita trisUtra hote haiM, jo kramazaH brahmacarya kI navagupti ke tathA jJAna, darzana, cAritra rUpa triratna ke pratIka mAne jAte haiM / 356 digambara- paramparA meM yajJopavIta sAta sUtra kA hotA hai, ye sAta sUtra sAta parama sthAnoM ke sUcakarUpa mAne jAte haiN| 360 vaidika paramparA meM devala ke anusAra yajJopavIta ke nau tantu nau devatAoM ke pratIkarUpa haiM / 361 vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM kauna, kisa kAraNa se, kitane sUtra kA dhAraNa kare - isakA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| jaise- vipra navatantugarbhita sUtra ke tIna sUtra dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, kyoMki brAhmaNoM ke lie navabrahmaguptigarbhita jJAna-darzana-cAritrarUpa ratnatraya svayaM karaNIya hai, dUsaroM se karAne yogya hai evaM dUsaroM ko karavAne kI AjJA dene ke yogya hai| isI prakAra kSatriya ko navatantugarbhita trisUtra meM prathama ke do sUtra aura vaizya ko eka sUtra, zUdra ko mAtra uttarIyavastra evaM vaNikoM ke lie uttarAsaMga ko dhAraNa karanA batAyA hai / 362 digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI yogyatA ke anurUpa yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai / 263 vaidika - paramparA meM kisa varNa kA vyakti kitane sUtroM ko dhAraNa kare isakA ullekha nahIM milatA, parantu isa bAta kA ullekha jarUra milatA hai ki brahmacArI kevala eka yajJopavIta ko dhAraNa karatA thaa| saMnyAsI bhI agara cAhe, to eka yajJopavIta pahana sakatA thA / snAtaka evaM gRhastha do upavIta tathA jo dIrghajIvana cAhe vaha do se adhika yajJopavIta pahana sakatA thaa| 364 ? 358 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva - ar3atIsavA~, pR. 246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 362 356 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya- bArahavA~, pR. 16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1922 360 'AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR. 246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 361 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya 7, pR. 218, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya - bArahavA~, pR. 16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san - 363 1622 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 364 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya 7, pR. 218, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 - - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva - ar3atIsavA~, pR. 311, bhAratIya jJAnapITha,

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isake atirikta aura koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| . 365 jinaupavIta kA svarUpa kyA ho, arthAt vaha kaisA evaM kisa parimANa kA ho, isa sambandha meM vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM kahA hai ki do stanoM ke antara ke samarUpa caurAsI dhAgoM ko baTakara eka sUtra kareM, aisA eka tantu hotA hai| usake sAtha aise do tantu aura jor3e, isakA eka agra hotA haiN| brAhmaNa ko aise tIna, kSatriya ko do evaM vaizyoM ko eka agra dhAraNa karanA caahie| isa prakAra brAhmaNa ke lie upavIta tIna agra kA, kSatriya ke lie do agra kA evaM vaizyoM ke lie eka agra kA hotA hai / digambara - paramparA meM isa sambandha meM mAtra itanA ullekha milatA hai ki yajJopavIta sAta lara arthAt sAta sUtroM kA hotA hai, parantu isakA parimANa kitanA ho, isakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yajJopavIta kA parimANa 66 aMgula kA tigunA batAyA hai / 367 vaidika paramparA meM evaM digambara jaina - paramparA meM varNa vizeSa ke hisAba se upavIta ke parimANa kA ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| 366 vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra brAhmaNoM ke lie svarNasUtra evaM kSatriyoM aura vaizya ko kapAsa kA sUtra dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, vaisA nirdeza digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai| vaidika - paramparA meM manu evaM viSNusUtra ke anusAra M brAhmaNa, kSatriya evaM vaizya ko kramazaH kapAsa, sana evaM Una kA yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA caahie| 368 - vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM upanayana saMskAra kina-kina nakSatroM meM karanA cAhie isakA vivecana bahuta sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai tathA isake sAtha hI saMskAra ke samaya grahoM kI sthiti kaisI ho, usakA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| jaise varNa ke svAmI graha kA lagna balavAn hone para, yA vyakti ke guru, candra aura sUrya balazAlI hone para upanayana saMskAra karanA caahie| isa prakAra jyotiSa sambandhI vivecana digambara-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu - 365 179 AcAradinakara vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya - bArahavA~, pR. 16, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 366 AdipurANa jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva - ar3atIsavA~, pR. 246, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 367 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( bhAga - prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya 7, pR. 220, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 368 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya 7, pR. 220, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 -

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI jaina- saMskAra - vidhi meM isakA vivecana milatA hai / 366 vaidika - paramparA meM bhI ke grantha AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti hI isakI vistRta vivecanA amuka nakSatroM meM, zubha samaya meM, amuka tithiyoM meM evaM jaba taba upanayana saMskAra karanA caahie| isI prakAra vibhinna AdhAra para bhI varNa vizeSa kA upanayana saMskAra karane kA 180 zvetAmbara - paramparA milatI hai, * 370 jaise sUrya uttarAyaNa meM ho, RtuoM evaM mAsoM ke ullekha milatA hai| 371 _372 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra " brAhmaNoM meM garbhAdhAna se yA janma se AThaveM varSa meM, mauMjI bandhana karane kA vidhAna hai| kSatriyoM meM gyArahaveM varSa meM evaM vaizyoM ko bArahaveM varSa meM upanayana saMskAra karane kA aura tatpazcAt vedAdhyayana karAne kA vidhAna hai| digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM vibhinna vargoM hetu vibhinna varSoM kA nirdeza na karate hue mAtra itanA hI ullekha kiyA hai ki garbha se AThaveM varSa meM bAlaka kA upanayana saMskAra karanA caahie| vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAe, isa sambandha meM matabheda haiM, parantu sAmAnyataH AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra meM73 brAhmaNakumAra kA upanayana AThaveM varSa meM, kSatriya kA gyArahaveM varSa meM evaM vaizya kA bArahaveM varSa meM honA batAyA hai| isa prakAra AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra meM upanayana saMskAra kA jo samaya batAyA gayA hai, vaha AcAradinakara grantha meM nirdiSTa kAla kA prAyaH samarthana karatA hai| 374 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra " isa saMskAra meM upanayana ke yogya vyakti ko pahale nau, sAta, pA~ca yA tIna dina taka tela kA mardana kara snAna karavAyA jAtA hai tathA lagnadina Ane para gRhastha guru usake ghara jAkara brahmamuhurta meM pauSTika karma karatA hai evaM usake sira para eka zikhA rakhakara zeSa bAloM kA muNDana karavAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM375 isa saMskAra ke prAraMbha meM arhantadeva kI pUjA karane kA 366 jaina saMskAra vidhi, nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, adhyAya- 2, pR. 13, zrI vIranirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, gommaTagirI, indaura, pAMcavIM AvRtti 2000. 370 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya 7, pR. 220, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-7 (dvitIya pariccheda), pR. 164, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya - bArahavA~, pR. 20, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 371 372 1622 373 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya 7, pR. 221, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya - bArahavA~, pR. 20, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 374 - 1622 AdipurANa jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 375 - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, (dvitIya bhAga) parva - ar3atIsavA~, pR. 248,

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 181 ullekha milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra se pUrva gaNeza evaM mAtRkAoM kI pUjA karane kA ullekha milatA hai tathA upanayana se pUrva rAtri ko bAlaka ke zarIra para haldI kA lepa karane tathA usakI zikhA se cA~dI kI aMgUThI bAMdhane kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|376 vardhamAnasari ne AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra hetu kisa prakAra ke bhU-bhAga para kaisI vedI banAeM, usakI pratiSThA kaise kareM, kriyA hetu kisa prakAra ke vastra dhAraNa kareM tathA vedI ke samakSa kisa prakAra se kriyA kareM, isakA bahuta sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra kI kriyAvidhi kA ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| vaidika-paramparA meM upanayana se pUrva mAtA ke sAtha sahabhoja karanA, muNDana ke bAda snAna karanA Adi kriyAvidhi vizeSa rUpa se batAI gaI hai,277 jo jaina-paramparA kI donoM zAkhAoM meM dRSTigata nahIM hotI hai, kintu usakA isase koI virodha bhI nahIM hai| vardhamAnasari ne upanayana saMskAra AraMbha karane ke lie bhI eka viziSTa maMtra batAyA hai| jabaki digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA meM upanayana-saMskAra AraMbha karane hetu isa prakAra ke viziSTa maMtra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isI prakAra aisI aneka kriyAe~ haiM, jo AcAradinakara meM ullekhita haiM, jaise - saMskAra ke dina upaneya vyakti ko jala evaM yava, arthAt telarahita khAdyavastu se Ayambila karanA, amRtamaMtra ke abhimantrita jala se upaneya ko abhisiMcita karanA, caMdanamaMtra se abhimaMtrita candana se hRdaya para upavItarUpa kaTi para mekhalArUpa evaM lalATa para tilakarUpa rekhA karanA ityaadi| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra kI kriyAoM kA ullekha hameM dRSTigata nahIM huaa| kucha aisI bhI kriyAe~ haiM, jo tInoM hI paramparAoM meM kI jAtI haiM, jaise - kaTisUtra, laMgoTI, upavIta evaM daNDa ko dhAraNa karavAnA, parantu jisa prakAra vardhamAnasUri ne mekhalA Adi kA parimANa vagairaha batAyA hai, jaise - mekhalA ikyAsI hAtha parimANa kI ho, Adi, isa prakAra kA ullekha hameM digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM milaa| 176 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-7 (dvitIya pariccheda), pR.-165-66, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 177 hindU saMskAra vidhi, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-saptama (dvitIya pariccheda), pR.-165-166, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665. 27 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-bArahavA~, pR.-20, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622

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182 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI vardhamAnasUri ne kucha aisI kriyAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jo vaidika-paramparA meM bhI kI jAtI haiM, jaise - kRSNa mRgacarma yA vRkSa kI chAla dhAraNa karavAnA, palAza kA daNDa denA, cAroM vargoM ke bhinna-bhinna vratAdeza, godAna, brahmacArI banAne kI vidhi aadi| kisI kAraNa se yadi punaH upavIta ko dhAraNa karanA par3e, to usakI vidhi kA bhI vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM ullekha kiyA hai| zUdra ko uttarIyavastra kisa prakAra deM, arthAt dhAraNa karAeM, isakI vidhi kA bhI varNana vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM kiyA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI navIna yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane kI vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai|276 yadi hama saMkSepa meM kaheM, to upanayana nAmaka saMskAra kI kriyAvidhi tInoM hI paramparAoM meM AMzika samAnatA evaM AMzika bhinnatA hai| phira bhI AcArya vardhamAnasUri evaM vaidika-paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne jitane vistAra se isa kriyAvidhi kA vivecana kiyA hai, utanA vistRta vivecana digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM milatA anya saMskAroM kI bhA~ti hI vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra hetu Avazyaka sAmagrI kA bhI nirdeza diyA hai| isa prakAra kA nirdeza digambara evaM vaidika-granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai| upasaMhAra - isa prakAra tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke pazcAt hama pAte haiM ki yaha saMskAra vAstava meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se hI bAlaka kA adhyayana prAraMbha hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA vaidika-paramparA meM yaha dhAraNA thI ki vyakti janma se zUdra hotA hai, saMskAra se dvija banatA hai aura usake pazcAt hI use kisI bhI dhArmika anuSThAna Adi karane, karAne kI anumati milatI hai| yajJopavIta prakArAntara se jinaupavIta ko dhAraNa karane vAlA upanayana-saMskAra se saMskArita vyakti hI dvija kahA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isa sambandha meM vistRta vivecana milatA hai, jaise - jo yajJopavIta ko dhAraNa nahIM karatA hai, usakA yajJa saphala nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra dainika kriyAoM jaise bhojana Adi karate samaya yajJopavIta ko dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai tathA usako dhAraNa nahIM karane para prAyazcitta AtA 376 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-7, pR.-221, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 380 hai| isa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM bhI yajJopavIta ko dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| vaidika - paramparA ke granthoM meM aisA bhI ullekha milatA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM yajJopavIta ke rUpa meM kRSNamRgacarma yA usake abhAva meM rUI kA vastra tathA vastra ke abhAva meM trisUtra dhAraNa kiyA jAtA thA / digambara- paramparA meM isa saMskAra kI mahattA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki302 yajJopavIta ko dhAraNa kie binA use zrAvakadharma ke pAlana kA tathA munidAna kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra digambara - paramparA meM bhI upanayana saMskAra ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne bhI varNa- krama meM praveza karane aura usa anurUpa veza evaM mudrA dhAraNa karane ke lie tathA jinadharma meM praveza karane ke lie yaha saMskAra anivArya batAyA hai| vartamAna meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki dhArmika anuSThAna ke samaya, mandira meM praveza karate samaya zrAvaka ko uttarAsaMga dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| vartamAna meM digambara - paramparA meM upavIta dhAraNa karane kI paramparA jIvita hai, jabaki zvetAmbara - paramparA meM isakA prAyaH abhAva hI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya haiM ki jinaupavIta kI yaha carcA vardhamAnasUri ke atirikta kisI anya zvetAmbara AcArya ne kI ho yaha hamArI jAnakArI meM nahIM hai| vidyAraMbha - saMskAra 183 vidyAraMbha saMskAra kA svarUpa jaisA ki isake nAma se hI spaSTa hai, yaha saMskAra bAlaka ko vidhipUrvaka vidyAdhyayana kA AraMbha karavAne hetu kiyA jAtA hai| jaba bAlaka kA mana-mastiSka zikSA grahaNa karane ke yogya ho jAtA hai, taba usakI zikSA kA AraMbha isa saMskAra dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| prArambha meM use akSarajJAna karavAyA jAtA hai aura bAda meM zAstroM kA adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai| tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha huA hai, parantu isake nAma kI bhinnatA ke sAtha hI adhyayana ke viSaya ke sambandha meM bhI bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara evaM vaidika paramparA ne ise vidyAraMbha ke nAma 382 - 380 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya 7, pR. 217, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 381 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya 7, pR. 217, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, sva. paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI ( bhAga-4), pR. 161, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I.sa. 1668 - -

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI se vivecita kiyA hai, to digambara- paramparA ne ise lipisaMkhyAna- kriyA ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai| isa prakAra saMskAra ke nAma Adi meM AMzika bhinnatA hai, jise hama yathAsthAna vivecita kreNge| vidyAraMbha saMskAra upanayana saMskAra kI apekSA paravartI saMskAra hai| yahI kAraNa hai, ki vaidika paramparA ke gRhyasUtroM evaM dharmasUtroM meM isakA vivecana nahIM milatA hai| isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki prAcInakAla meM upanayana saMskAra ke sAtha hI maukhika adhyayana prArambha ho jAtA thaa| usa samaya lipi kA vikAsa nahIM huA thA, ataH isa saMskAra kI koI alaga se AvazyakatA anubhava nahIM kI gaI hogii| 184 isa saMskAra ko kie jAne kA prayojana bAlaka ko likhanA evaM par3hanA sikhAnA thA, kyoMki varNamAlA ke, yA svara aura vyaMjana ke jJAna ke abhAva meM, bAlaka ke sAmane pustaka ho, to bhI nahIM par3ha sakatA; ataH bAlaka ko akSarabodha karAnA atyanta anivArya thaa| isa saMskAra ke do caraNa haiN| pahale caraNa meM bAlaka ko svara-vyaMjana kA jJAna karavAyA jAtA hai tathA dUsare caraNa meM Agama Adi granthoM kA adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai| bAlaka ke vikAsa meM zikSA kA atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai| isa uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai / ..383 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra bhI upanayana ke samAna hI zubhadina aura zubhalagna meM karanA cAhie / isake nizcita samaya kA nirdeza AcAradinakara meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu digambara - paramparA ke anusAra lipisaMkhyAna nAmaka yaha kriyA pA~caveM varSa meM kI jAtI hai384 aisA ullekha milatA hai| vaidika - paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra digambara- paramparA kI bhA~ti hI sAmAnyataH pAMcaveM varSa meM hI karane kA vidhAna hai| vidyArambha nAmaka yaha saMskAra gRhyasUtroM meM varNita nahIM hai, parantu kAlAntara meM racita kucha smRtiyoM evaM purANoM meM hI ullekhita hai| 386 385 38.3 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya-terahavA~, pR. 30, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 384 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva- ar3atIsavA~, pR. 248, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 385 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 206, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 386 dekhe dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya - 6, pR. 206, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 - -

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 185 saMskAra kauna karAtA hai - ___ vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke grantha AdipurANa ke anusAra yaha saMskAra nirdiSTa yogyatA vAle dvijoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI sAmAnyataH yaha saMskAra brAhmaNoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra kI nimna vidhi prastuta kI vidyAraMbha-saMskAra kI vidhi - upanayana ke samAna hI zubhadina evaM zubhalagna hone para vidyAraMbha-saMskAra karanA caahie| isase pUrva mUlagrantha meM isa saMskAra hetu ucita nakSatroM, vAroM evaM tithiyoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vidyAraMbha-saMskAra hetu sarvaprathama gRhastha guru upanIta puruSa ke ghara meM pauSTikakarma kre| tadanantara gRhastha guru yogya sthAna para baiThakara apane vAmapArzva meM ziSya ko baiThAkara usake dAhine kAna ko pUjakara sArasvatamaMtra sunaae| tatpazcAt gAte- bajAte hue use upAzraya meM le jAe aura maNDalIpUjApUrvaka vAsakSepa krvaae| tadanantara ziSya ko pAThazAlA le jaae| phira pAThazAlA meM ziSya guru ke samakSa baiThakara guru kI stuti kre| tatpazcAt guru ziSya ko hitazikSA dekara tathA usake dvArA dI gaI dAna-dakSiNA lekara apane ghara calA jaae| usake bAda upAdhyAya sarvaprathama ziSya ko mAtRkA-pada kA pATha pddh'aae| vipra, kSatriya, vaizya evaM kArUoM ko sarvaprathama kisakA adhyayana karAe isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| tatpazcAt sAdhuoM ko caturvidha AhAra Adi kA dAna dene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isa vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI prApta karane hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke prathama khaNDa ke anuvAda meM terahaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana - zvetAmbara-paramparA ke arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha jJAtAdharmakathA, aupapAtika evaM rAjapraznIya Adi meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha hameM vahA~ nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasari ne isa saMskAra kI vidhi meM sarvaprathama isake muhUrta ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne yaha batAyA hai ki yaha saMskAra kauna se nakSatroM, 387 (a) jJAtAtharmakathAsUtra-1/68, (ba) aupapAtika sU.-107, (sa) rAjapraznIya sU.-280, saM.- mdhukrmuni|

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186 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI vAroM evaM tithiyoM meM karanA cAhie tathA kina-kina nakSatroM, tithiyoM evaM vAroM meM nahIM karanA caahie| isa prakAra vardhamAnasUri ne isake muhUrta ke sambandha meM vidhi aura niSedha - donoM dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI kI "jaina-saMskAra-vidhi" meM isa saMskAra ko karane ke lie jyotiSa sambandhI ullekha milate haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhA~ti nakSatroM Adi kA to ullekha nahIM hai, parantu yaha ullekha avazya milatA hai ki - kArtika zuklapakSa ke bArahaveM dina se ASAr3ha zuklapakSa ke gyArahaveM dina taka, kintu pratipadA, SaSThI, amAvasyA, riktA tithiyoM evaM maMgalavAra tathA zanivAra kA tyAga karake yaha saMskAra karanA caahie|286 / / zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vardhamAnasari ke anusAra upanayana-saMskAra ke samAna zubhadina evaM zubhalagna hone para yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra pA~caveM varSa meM karane kA vidhAna hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI vizvamitra ke anusAra yaha saMskAra bAlaka kI Ayu ke pA~caveM varSa meM karane kA vidhAna hai| paM. bhImasena zarmA dvArA likhita SoDaza-saMskAra-vidhi meM yaha ullekha hai ki eka ajJAtanAmA smRtikAra ke anusAra yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke pA~caveM yA sAtaveM varSa meM kiyA jAnA caahie| yadi kinhI anivArya paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa ise sthagita karanA par3e, to upanayana-saMskAra ke pUrva kisI samaya isakA kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra niyata samaya ke sambandha meM vaidika-paramparA meM matAntara haiN| ___ isa saMskAra ke prAraMbha meM vardhamAnasUri ne upavIta vyakti ke ghara meM pauSTikakarma karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| usake bAda gRhastha guru devAlaya meM, upAzraya meM, yA kadaMba-vRkSa ke nIce kuza ke Asana para baiThakara apane vAmapArzva meM kuza ke Asana para usa upanIta bAlaka ko baiThAte haiM aura usake dAhine kAna ko pUMjakara tIna bAra sArasvatamaMtra362 par3hate haiN| digambara-paramparA meM evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra kI kriyAvidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM sarvaprathama 288 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-terahavA~, pR.-30, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622 386 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-prathama), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-206, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 360 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-7 (dvitIya pariccheda), pR.-140, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 261 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-7 (dvitIya pariccheda), pra.-140, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 ra AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-terahavA~, pR.-30, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 187 bAlaka ko snAna karavAkara use susajjita kiyA jAtA hai aura usake bAda vinAyaka, sarasvatI, bRhaspati aura gRhadevatA Adi kI pUjA jAtI hai|263 zvetAmbara AcArya vardhamAnasari ke anusAra bAlaka ko sArasvatamaMtra dene ke bAda vAhana dvArA upAzraya meM lekara jAte haiM aura vahA~ maMDalIpUjA evaM sAdhu bhagavaMta se vAsakSepa DalavAte haiN| phira pAThazAlA lekara jAte haiN| pAThazAlA meM jAkara ziSya guru ke samakSa baiThakara zloka ke mAdhyama se guru ki stuti karatA hai, phira guru usako hitazikSA dete haiN| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra kA koI ullekha hameM nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne ziSya ko zikSA dene ke pazcAt guru ko dakSiNA dene kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai|264 digambara-paramparA meM isa sambandha meM koI ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| vaidika-paramparA meM dakSiNA Adi se brAhmaNoM kA satkAra karane sambandhI nirdeza milate haiN| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra265 ina saba kriyAoM ko karane ke pazcAt upAdhyAya ziSya ko sarvaprathama mAtRkApATha par3hAe, arthAt svara-vyaMjana kA jJAna karAe - yaha prathama caraNa hai| usake bAda bAlaka ko Agama evaM zAstroM kA adhyayana karAe - yaha dvitIya caraNa hai| vardhamAnasUri ne kisa varNa ke vyakti ko pahale kisa zAstra kA adhyayana karAe - isakA bhI nirdeza diyA hai, jaise - vipra ko pahale Aryaveda, usake bAda SaTaMga evaM usake bAda dharmazAstra evaM purANa Adi pddh'aae| vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra hetu alaga se vratoM kA vidhAna na karake upanayana-saMskAra ke antargata hI vratAdeza kiyA hai, kyoMki upanayana-saMskAra ke pazcAt hI vidyAraMbha-saMskAra kiyA jAtA thA, ataH alaga se vratAdeza nahIM kie gae haiN| upanayana-saMskAra ke vratoM kI avadhi yAvajjIvana hetu batAI gaI hai| digambara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke antargata mAtra prathama caraNa ko hI zAmila kiyA gayA hai| isa saMskAra meM bAlaka ko akSarajJAna hI karavAyA jAtA hai| isake dvitIya caraNa ko unhoMne vratacaryA66 nAmaka kriyA ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai 263 dekhe - hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-7 (dvitIya pariccheda), pR.-141, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 264 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-terahavA~, pR.-30, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 364 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-terahavA~, pR.-31, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 366 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-250, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000

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188 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI tathA isa saMskAra meM vizeSa vratoM kA vidhAna bhI kiyA gayA hai| jaise - sthUlahiMsA kA tyAga karanA cAhie, brahmacArI ko vRkSa kI dAtauna nahIM karanI cAhie, pAna nahIM khAnA cAhie, ityAdi; parantu inakI avadhi vidyAdhyayana ke pUrNa hone taka hI kahI gaI hai| isake pazcAt brahmacArI ko mUlaguNa dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai / digambara - paramparA meM bhI sarvaprathama kaunasA grantha par3he - isakA ullekha milatA hai / 37 vaidika - paramparA meM donoM caraNoM kA samAveza isI saMskAra meM kiyA gayA hai tathA vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa saMskAra kA bahuta vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA haiM / 368 isa saMskAra ke anta meM vardhamAnasUri ne nirgrantha muniyoM ko AhAra, vastra Adi kA dAna dene kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra isa saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI kA nirdeza diyA hai, usa prakAra kA koI ullekha digambara evaM vaidika - paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke pazcAt jaba hama isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ke sambandha meM vicAra karate hai| to pAte haiM ki yaha saMskAra vAstava meM atimahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki kisI bhI pragatizIla sabhyatA ke lie zikSA Avazyaka hai| zikSA ke binA pragatizIla mAnava samAja kI kalpanA bhI nirarthaka hai aura zikSA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa isa saMskAra kI mahattA suspaSTa hai| kahA gayA hai - "suzikSita vyakti hI vidvAnoM kI sabhA meM haMsa ke samAna zobhAyamAna hotA hai|" vahI samAja meM pratiSThA, yaza aura kIrti ko prApta karatA hai aura aise suzikSita vyaktiyoM ko samAja, rASTra evaM vizva meM bhI agrima sthAna milatA hai| saMkSepa meM vidyArambha - saMskAra dvArA bAlaka-bAlikA meM una mahatvapUrNa guNoM kI sthApanA kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, jinake AdhAra para usakI zikSA mAtra akSarajJAna na rahakara jIvana - nirmANa karane vAlI hitakArI vidyA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho sake / AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya-terahavA~, pR. 31, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622. 367 368 - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva - ar3atIsavA~, pR. 250, bhAratIya jJAnapITha,

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 189 isa prakAra yaha saMskAra vyakti ke jIvana meM zikSA kI anivAryatA ko spaSTa kara detA hai| vivAha-saMskAra vivAha-saMskAra kA svarUpa - vivAha kevala do zarIroM kA milana nahIM, varan do AtmAoM kA pavitra milana hai| isake dvArA do prANI apane alaga astitva ko samApta kara eka sammilita ikAI kA nirmANa karate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki strI-puruSa eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, vivAha-saMskAra ke binA ve apUrNa rahate haiM, isIlie vivAha ko sAmAnyatayA mAnava-jIvana kI eka AvazyakatA mAnA gayA hai| vivAha ko strI-puruSa sammilana kI eka ghaTanA kI jagaha eka dhArmika kriyA ke rUpa meM parivartita kara RSi, maharSiyoM ne ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| vyakti ke lie sAmAnyataH cAra AzramoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai, jisameM se dvitIya gRhasthAzrama kI vyavasthA vivAha-saMskAra para hI AdhArita hai| isake dvArA hI vyakti gRhastha-jIvana meM praveza kara gRhasthAzrama ke dAyitvoM kA nirvAha karatA hai| isa prakAra vivAha gRhastha-jIvana kI AdhArazilA hai, jo strI-puruSa ke na kevala zArIrika sambandha para, apitu AtmIya sambandhoM para AdhArita hai| isa saMskAra ko karane kA mUlabhUta prayojana kyA thA, jaba hama isa prazna para vicAra karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki samAja kI vyavasthA ko sundara evaM suvyavasthita karane hetu vivAha atyanta anivArya saMskAra hai| isake abhAva meM svastha samAja kI kalpanA hI asambhava hai| jisa prakAra AjIvikA kI samucita vyavasthA kie binA samAja meM sthiratA nahIM AtI, usI prakAra striyoM aura puruSoM ke sambandhoM kA samucita rUpa se nirdhAraNa kie binA, arthAt vivAha ke pavitra saMskAra ke binA svastha evaM sadAcArI samAja kA nirmANa honA asambhava hai| ataH susabhya samAja ke lie vivAha-saMskAra atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai aura isake isI mahatva ko dRSTi meM lekara hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai| hindU-paramparA ke smRti granthoM meM to puruSa ko anivArya rUpa se vivAha karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, kyoMki isake abhAva meM vaha apatnIka puruSa ayajJIya kahalAtA hai, jo usake lie atyanta nindAsUcaka zabda mAnA jAtA rahA hai|266 vivAha ke abhAva meM use dhArmika hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-165, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665

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190 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI kriyAoM kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA jAtA hai:09, ataH isa adhikAra ko prApta karane ke uddezya ko lekara bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarA, vaMza-paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai| svacchaMda yaunasambandhoM meM vaMza yA kula-paramparA saMbhava nahIM hai, vastutaH isakA mUlabhUta prayojana samAja meM pArasparika yaunasambandhoM kI samucita vyavasthA ko sthApita karanA hI hai, tAki santAna ke pAlana-poSaNa Adi ke dAyitvoM kA samyak nirdhAraNa ho ske| jaina-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA - donoM meM isa saMskAra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra kanyA kA vivAha ATha varSa bAda kara denA cAhie, kintu puruSa kA vivAha ATha varSa se lekara assI varSa ke bIca meM ho sakatA hai|01 jJAtavya hai ki vardhamAnasUri kA dRSTikoNa bAla-vivAha aura vRddha-vivAha kA samarthana karatA pratIta hotA hai, kintu unake kAla meM muslimoM ke AtaMka ke kAraNa yaha eka vivazatA meM kiyA gayA sAmAjika nirNaya thaa| digambara-paramparA meM yazastilakacampU ke anusAra 12 varSa kI kanyA evaM 16 varSa kA kizora vivAha ke yogya mAne gae haiN|02 vaidika-paramparA meM bhI puruSa ke vivAha ke lie koI nizcita avadhi nahIM rakhI gaI hai|03, parantu kanyA ke vivAha ke lie avadhi kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| gRhyasUtroM evaM dharmasUtroM ke anusAra sAmAnyataH lar3akiyoM ko yuvAvasthA ke bilkula pAsa pahu~ca jAne para, yA usake prArambha hone para hI vivAha ke yogya mAnA jAtA thaa| 04 saMskAra kA kartA - vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke anusAra bhI yaha saMskAra AdipurANa meM nirdiSTa yogyatA ko dhAraNa karane vAle dvijoM yA paNDitoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra sAmAnyataH brAhmaNa dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| 400 hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-165, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 101 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-caudahavA~, pR.-31, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622 402 dekhe - harivaMzapurANa : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, rAmamUrti caudharI, adhyAya-2, pR.-44, sulabha prakAzana, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1686 403 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-272, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980 'dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.-273, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI hai| vivAha saMskAra isa vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama yaha batAyA hai ki jinakA zIla evaM kula eka samAna ho, unameM hI maitrI evaM vivAha sambandha karane caahie| tatpazcAt mUlagrantha meM kanyA ke vikRta kula, vikRta kanyA evaM kanyAdAna hetu vara ke vikRta kuloM kA ullekha huA hai| kadAcit donoM kA vikRta kula ho, to pA~ca zuddhiyoM ko dekhakara hI vivAha karanA caahie| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki garbha se AThaveM varSa bAda kanyA kA vivAha kara denA caahie| usase Upara kI umra vAlI kanyA rAkA kahalAtI hai aura usakA vivAha yathAzIghra hI kara denA cAhie / puruSa kA vivAha ATha varSa se lekara assI varSa taka kabhI bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu usake bAda nhiiN| 191 tatpazcAt vivAha ke prakAroM kA ullekha karate hue brahma, prAjApatya, ArSa evaM daiva vivAha ko dharmAdhArita tathA gAndharva, Asura, rAkSasa evaM paizAca vivAha ko pApavivAha kahA hai| mUlagrantha meM sarvaprathama brahmavivAha kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| isake lie zubhadina, zubha lagna meM guNayukta vara ko bulAkara use snAna karavAkara alaMkRta kareM evaM alaMkRta kanyA deN| tatpazcAt maMtrapUrvaka vastrAMcala - bandhana kara - daMpatti apane ghara jAte haiN| yaha brahmavivAha kI vidhi hai / tadanantara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ArSavivAha meM vana meM rahane vAle gRhastha muni apanI putrI ko anya RSi ko gAya aura baila ke dAna ke sAtha dete haiN| isa vivAha kA vedamaMtra jainazAstroM meM nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina ise akRtya mAnate haiN| deva - vivAha meM pitA yajJAdi karmoM kI pUrti ke lie purohita ko apanI kanyA dakSiNAvat dete haiN| tadanantara gAndharva - vivAha, Asura vivAha, rAkSasa-vivAha evaM paizAcika - vivAha kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isake bAda prajApati - vivAha kI vidhi kA ullekha huA hai| mUlagrantha meM sarvaprathama prAjApati - vivAha hetu zubha nakSatra, tithi, vAra, lagna Adi kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| tadanantara kanyAdAna kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| sarvaprathama varapakSa samAna kula evaM zIla se yukta anya gotra kI kanyA kI yAcanA kre| tatpazcAt kanyApakSa ke kula ke jyeSTha vyakti varapakSa ke kula ke jyeSTha vyakti ko nAriyala Adi ke dAna se maMtrapUrvaka kanyAdAna kreN| tatpazcAt kanyApakSa ke loga saba ko tAmbUla deN| tadanantara varapakSa evaM kanyApakSa ke loga paraspara vara, kanyA hetu vastra - AbharaNa Adi deN| usake bAda lagnadina se pahale mAsa yA pakSa meM

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI jyotiSI ko bulAkara vivAha - lagna kI pUjA kareM tathA jyotiSa ko dAna-dakSiNA deN| tatpazcAt miTTI ke karave meM jau boeM, phira kanyA ke ghara meM mAtR - sthApanA evaM SaSThImAtA kI sthApanA kareM tathA vara ke ghara meM jinamatAnusAra kuladevI evaM kulakaroM kI sthApanA kreN| isake bAda mUlagrantha meM kulakara - sthApanA kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| tatpazcAt vara ke ghara meM zAntika- pauSTikakarma tathA kanyA ke ghara meM mAtA kI pUjA kreN| tadanantara vivAha se sAta, nau, gyAraha yA teraha dina pahale se hI pratidina vara aura vadhU ko maMgalagIta gAnapUrvaka tela kA mardana karake snAna kraaeN| vara evaM vadhU ke ghara meM vara-vadhU ke parijana kisa prakAra se vastuoM kA AdAna-pradAna kareM isakA ullekha karate hue mUlagrantha meM deza evaM kulAcAra ke anurUpa dhUlipUjA, cAkapUjA Adi karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, tatpazcAt bArAta - prasthAna kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vivAha kA dina Ane para vivAhalagna se pUrva nagaravAsI yA anya deza se AyA huA vara vidhipUrvaka vivAha hetu nikle| usakI bahana lavaNa Adi utArane kA kArya kre| tatpazcAt gRhastha guru bArAtasahita kanyA ke gRhadvAra para jaae| vahA~ vara kI sAsa evaM vara ke sasura tathA kanyApakSa kI anya striyA~ vivAha sambandhI aupacArikatAoM ko pUrNa kreN| tadanantara mUlagrantha meM maMtrapUrvaka hastabandhana, vedIracanA evaM usakI pratiSThA, toraNapratiSThA tathA agnisthApanA kI vidhi batAI gaI hai / tatpazcAt deza evaM kulAcAra ke anusAra Ayudha lekara calanA, kaNTha meM Ayudha dhAraNa karanA Adi rIti-rivAja kie jAte haiN| hastamilApa kie hue vara aura vadhU ko vedI ke pAsa laaeN| tatpazcAt gRhastha guru kisa prakAra se agni ko prajvalita kare, saba logoM ke samakSa kisa prakAra se vara-vadhU ke vaMza kA prakAzana kiyA jAe, vara evaM vadhU i prakAra se agni kI pUjA kareM tathA gRhastha guru kisa prakAra se vara evaM vadhU ko sAta phere dilavAe, kanyA ke svajana evaM sambandhI kisa prakAra se upahAra deM evaM kanyA kA pitA kisa prakAra se vara ko kanyA pradAna kare ina sabakA mUlagrantha meM vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt gRhastha guru apane kathana se vivAha sambandha kI puSTi karatA hai tathA vara-vadhU ko hitazikSA detA hai / tadanantara vara-vadhU kA vidhipUrvaka karamocana kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt vara punaH svagRha kI tarapha prasthAna karatA hai / vara-vadhU ke gRhapraveza ke samaya usake mAtA-pitA Adi aneka aupacArikatAe~ karate haiN| tatpazcAt sAta rAtriyoM ke pazcAt, yA eka mAsa ke pazcAt kanyApakSa vAle mAtRkAvisarjana kareM tathA varapakSa vAle kulakaroM kA visarjana kareM - isakA ullekha karate hue mUlagrantha meM kulakaroM ke visarjana kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| kulakaroM kA visarjana karane ke bAda vara-vadhU dvArA maNDalIpUjA, gurupUjA, vAsakSepa grahaNa karanA Adi kArya kie jAte haiM tathA sAdhuoM ko vastra Adi kA 192 -

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 193 dAna diyA jAtA hai| isake sAtha hI vahA~ viproM evaM dUsareM yAcakoM ko bhI yathAzakti dAna dene ke lie kahA gayA hai| anya deza, kula evaM dharma meM vivAha ke lagna prApta hone para tathA vara ke zvasuragRha meM praviSTa hone para SaT AcAra kisa prakAra se kie jAte haiM tathA vaizyAvivAha kI kyA vidhi hai - isakA bhI vahA~ ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa hama usakA ullekha yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiM, etadartha vistRta jAnakArI ke lie mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara (prathamakhaNDa) ke caudahaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana - vivAha-saMskAra ko sabhI paramparAoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai aura apanI-apanI paramparAoM ke anurUpa isake vidhi-vidhAna nizcita kie gae haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha arddhamAgadhI Agama jJAtAdharmakathA evaM vipAkasUtra meM milatA hai, 05 kintu isa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vahA~ koI vistRta ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri dvArA pratipAdita isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAna bahuta kucha vaidika-paramparA se milate-julate haiM, phira bhI kahIM-kahIM AMzika asamAnatAe~ bhI dRSTigata hotI haiM, jinheM tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke mAdhyama se jAnA jA sakatA hai| vardhamAnasari ne AcAradinakara meM sarvaprathama vivAha kahA~ karanA cAhie ? isakA vivecana kiyA hai, prathamataH jinake kula aura zIla samAna ho, unameM paraspara vivAha karanA caahie| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AgamoM meM bhI isa sambandha meM samAna kula, zIla, vaya Adi kI carcA milatI hai| jinakA kula vikRta ho evaM zIla bhI samAna na ho, unameM paraspara vivAha sambandha nahIM karanA caahie| isake sAtha hI vardhamAnasUri ne vikRta kula kauna-kauna se haiM tathA vikRta kanyA evaM vikRta vara kina-kina ko mAnA gayA hai, isakA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki donoM kA kula avikRta hone para pA~ca zuddhiyoM ko dekhakara vivAha karanA caahie| digambara-paramparA meM isa prakAra ke avikRta kuloM kI carcA hameM sAmAnyataH dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai, phira bhI vara-kanyA ke guNoM evaM yogyatAoM kA tathA yogya kula meM vivAha karane ke ullekha avazya milate haiN| isI prakAra sAgAradharmAmRta grantha meM kanyAdAna kise kareM, samyak kanyAdAna kI vidhi kyA hai evaM sAdharmika ko kanyA dene se kyA puNyalAbha hotA hai ? isakA ullekha karate hue vara 405 (a) jJAtAdharmakathA sU.-1/104, (ba) vipAkasUtra sU.-6/1/6, saM. madhukaramuni /

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ke guNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 406 vardhamAnasUri dvArA varNita vikRtakula Adi se sambandhita ullekha vaidika paramparA meM bhI usI prakAra se hI varNita haiM, parantu jahA~ vaidika-sAhitya meM ise bahuta vistAra se vivecita kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ vardhamAnasUri ne ise utane vistAra se vivecita nahIM kiyA hai| 194 407 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra kanyA kA vivAha garbha se AThaveM varSa bAda kara denA caahie| gyAraha varSa se Upara kI Ayu vAlI kanyA ko rAkA mAnA gayA hai tathA usakA vivAha vara ke prApta hone para caMdrabala meM yathAzIghra kara denA cAhie / ' puruSa kA ATha varSa se lekara assI varSa ke bIca me vivAha ho sakatA haiM, parantu usake bAda zukrANurahita hone ke kAraNa vaha vara vivAha yogya nahIM hotA / digambara-paramparA meM yazastilaka ke anusAra vivAha hetu kanyA kI Ayu 12 varSa evaM puruSa kI Ayu 16 varSa mAnI gaI hai| isake atirikta isa sambandha meM aura koI ullekha nahIM milte| vaidika - paramparA meM puruSa ke lie vivAha kI koI nizcita avadhi nahIM mAnI gaI hai| mAtra kanyA kI vivAha se sambandhita Ayu ko lekara hI vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai / gRhyasUtroM evaM dharmasUtroM ke anusAra lar3akiyoM ke yuvAvasthA ke bilkula pAsa pahu~ca jAne para, yA usake prArambha hone para, unakA vivAha kara denA caahie| isake pazcAt kI Ayu vAlI kanyAoM ke sambandha meM aneka bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ thIM, jaise - yadi koI 12 varSa ke uparAnta apanI kanyA kA vivAha na kare, to usake pUrvaja pratimAsa usa kanyA kA Rtu pravAha pIte haiN| brAhmaNa usa kanyA se vivAha kare, to vaha vRSalI kA pati ho jAtA hai, Adi aisI aneka bhrAnta lokamAnyatAe~ thiiN| ' 408 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra vivAha ATha prakAra ke hote haiM- brAhma, prAjApatya, ArSa, daiva, gAndharva, Asura, rAkSasa evaM paizAca / inameM se prathama cAra dharmAdhArita evaM mAtA-pitA ke vacana ke yoga se hote haiM tathA antima cAra pApavivAha evaM svecchA se hote haiN| digambara-paramparA meM vivAha ke aneka prakAra batAe gae haiM406 - prazastavivAha - isameM prAjApratya evaM daivavivAha ko zAmila kiyA gayA hai| 406 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 273, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya-caudahavA~, pR. 31, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 407 1622 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga ), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR. 276, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680 dekhe harivaMza purANa : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, rAmamUrti caudharI, adhyAya- 2, pR. 52 se 64, sulabha prakAzana, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1686 tou vot

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varthamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 195 aprazastavivAha - isameM gAndharva evaM rAkSasavivAha ko zAmila kiyA gayA hai| Asura aura pizAcavivAha ke sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM milte| svayaMvaravivAha - isa vivAha ko bhI tIna bhAga meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA isake atirikta antarvarNavivAha, sagotravivAha, bahupatnI yA bahupativivAha, punarvivAha evaM bAlavivAha ke bhI ullekha milate hai| sAgAradharmAmRta kI anuvAdikA ne ArSagrantha kA Alambana lete hue vivAha ke unhIM cAra prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinheM vardhamAnasUri ne dharmavivAha mAnA haiN| vahA~ vivAha ke anya prakAroM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM vivAha ke jina ATha prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, ye ATha prakAra ve hI haiM, jinheM vardhamAnasUri ne bhI vivecita kiyA hai, kintu smRtikAroM ne vivAha ke ukta ATha prakAroM ko bhI (1) prazasta tathA (2) aprazasta - aise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karake prathama cAra vivAha ko prazasta evaM antima cAra vivAha ko aprazastavivAha ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA haiN| isake atirikta bhI vaidika-paramparA meM vinimayavivAha, sevAvivAha Adi bhI mAne gae haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM vivAha ke lie kucha sImAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jinakI AMzika carcA digambara-paramparA ke sAhitya meM bhI milatI hai| vardhamAnasUri ne prAjApatyavivAha ko chor3akara brAhma evaM daivavivAha kI vidhi ko bahuta saMkSipta rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai| ArSavivAha ko jaina-paramparA meM akR tya mAnA hai, tathA isake lie jaina vedoM, arthAt jainazAstroM meM maMtroM kA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa prakAra AcAradinakara meM hameM brAhma, prAjApatya evaM daivavivAha kI vidhi kA hI varNana milatA hai| zeSa cAra vivAhoM kI vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA ke prAcIna sAhityoM meM bhI vivAha kI vidhi kA varNana milatA hai, parantu vardhamAnasUri ne jitanI sUkSmatA ke sAtha isakI sampUrNa vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaisA vistRta ullekha digambara-granthoM meM nahIM hai| yadyapi pa. nAthUlAla zAstrI kI pustaka jaina-saMskAra-vidhi meM vivAha kI vidhi kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA haiN| 12 'sAgAradharmAmRta, anuvAdaka - AryA supArzvamati jI, adhyAya-dvitIya, pR.-106, bhArata varSIya anekAMta vidvata pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa, san 1665 / " hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-203, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 " jaina saMskAra vidhi, nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI, adhyAya-3, pra.-16-53, zrI vIranirvANagrantha prakAzana samiti, gommaTagirI, indaura, pAMcavI AvRtti : 2000.

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196 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI vardhamAnasari ne prAjApatyavivAha kI vidhi kA vivecana karate hae isake zubha muhUrta hetu jyotiSa sambandhI nirdeza die haiM, jaise 13 - mUla, anurAdhA, rohiNI, maghA, mRgazIrSa, hasta, revatI, uttarAtraya aura svAti nakSatroM meM vivAha karanA caahie| isa sambandha meM unhoMne svamata ke sAtha hI jyotiSazAstra ke anya vidvAnoM kA abhimata bhI prakaTa kiyA hai| isa prakAra AcAradinakara meM vivAha ke muhUrta sambandhI vistRta vivecana milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI vivAha zubhadina, tithi evaM nakSatra meM karane kA vidhAna hai, parantu jisa prakAra AcAradinakara meM isa viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, usa prakAra kA spaSTIkaraNa digambara-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM hameM dekhane ko nahIM milA, kintu paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI kI jaina-saMskAra-vidhi meM jyotiSa sambandhI nirdeza avazya milate haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM pUrvakAla meM muhUrta ke viSaya meM koI khAsa dhyAna nahIM dene ke kAraNa gRhyasUtroM meM muhUrta-viSayaka vicAra atyanta alpa haiM, kintu paravartI smRtiyoM, purANa Adi meM vivAha ke muhUrta sambandhI ullekha vistAra se milate haiN| vardhamAnasUri ne vivAha-saMskAra ke AraMbha meM kanyA ke vAkdAna kI vidhi batAI hai tathA usase sambandhita maMtroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM vivAha ke pUrva vAgdAna kI vidhi kA vistRta ullekha nahIM milatA hai, jabaki vaidika-paramparA meM vAgdAna ke nAma se isakI vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai|414 kanyA ke vAgdAna ke mAdhyama se aupacArika rUpa se vara-vadhU kA vivAha nizcita kara diyA jAtA thaa| isake pazcAt donoM pakSa eka-dUsare ko prasAdhana sAmagrI, AbharaNa Adi vastuoM kA AdAna-pradAna karate haiN| yaha vidhi vaidika-paramparA meM bhI kI jAtI hai| vardhamAnasari ke anusAra vivAha-lagna ke zodhana hetu bhI eka vizeSa prakAra kI vidhi kI jAtI hai, jisameM vivAha ke lagnapatraka kI pUjA bhI kI jAtI hai| digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra kI vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne ise vivAha kI vidhi kA AraMbha mAnA hai| usake bAda miTTI ke karave meM jau bokara kanyA ke ghara meM mAtRkA yA kuladevI evaM SaSThImAtA kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai tathA vara ke ghara meM bhI jinamata ke anusAra maMtroccArapUrvaka mAtA evaM kulakara kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| inakI vidhi ke sAtha hI vardhamAnasUri ne anya dhAraNA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM AcAradinakara vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-caudahavA~, pR.-32, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 * hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-265, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa :1665

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 197 paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI kI jaina-saMskAra-vidhi ke anusAra bAnA (vinAyaka) baiThAyA jAtA hai, jisameM vinAyakayantra kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM jau bone kI kriyA mRdAharaNa nAmaka kriyA ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai|5|| vaidika-paramparA meM kulakaroM kI sthApanA kI jagaha gaNapati evaM kandarpa kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai aura isakI vidhi kA bhI vaidika sAhitya meM ullekha milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne kulakaroM kI sthApanA hetu maMtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu vaidika-paramparA meM gaNapati evaM kaMdarpa kI sthApanA ke samaya kina maMtroM kA uccAraNa kareM, isakA ullekha pUrvavartI sAhitya meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu paravartI granthoM meM ye ullekha milate haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM gaNapatipUjana ke sAtha hI anya kriyA bhI kI jAtI hai, jaise 16 - svastivAcana, vasodhArIpUjA, AyuSyajapa Adi, jinakA ullekha AcAradinakara meM nahIM milatA hai| isa prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM vivAha-saMskAra ke antargata aise aneka vidhi-vidhAna kie jAte haiM, jo sAmAnyataH jaina paramparA meM dekhane ko nahIM milate haiN| ___ vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra kulakara kI sthApanA evaM pUjA karane ke bAda vara ke ghara meM zAntika aura pauSTikakarma tathA kanyA ke ghara meM mAtAoM kI pUjA karanA cAhie, jabaki digambara-paramparA meM vidhipUrvaka siddha paramAtmA kI pUjA karane kA ullekha milatA hai|417 usameM zAntika-pauSTika karma karane evaM mAtAoM kI pUjA karane sambandhI ullekha nahIM milate haiM, kintu vaidika-paramparA meM mAtRkApUjana kA ullekha milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra vivAha se pUrva donoM pakSa meM aneka kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, jaise - vivAha ke kucha dinoM pUrva se hI vara-vadhU ko tela kA mardana kara snAna karAnA, prasAdhana-sAmagrI, sugandhita vastuoM, drAkSA Adi khAdyapadArthoM kA paraspara AdAna-pradAna karanA, kaMkaNa-bandhana karanA aadi| ye sabhI kriyAe~ vara-vadhU ke caMdrabala meM evaM vivAha sambandhI nakSatra meM hI karanI caahie| digambara-paramparA meM 415 hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-266, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-267, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ __saMskaraNa : 1665 " AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-251, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000

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198 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI bhI inameM se kucha kriyAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM vivAha ke eka yA do dina pUrva haridrAlepa karane kA ullekha milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne dhUlipUjA, karavApUjA, pavitra jala lAnA Adi sabhI maMgalakArya deza evaM kulAcAra ke anurUpa karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| sAtha hI varayAtrA ke prasthAna kI vidhi tathA maMtroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isakI vidhi ullekhita hai, parantu isake lie kina maMtroM kA uccAraNa kareM, usakA ullekha ina donoM hI paramparAoM meM nahIM milatA hai| bArAta ke prasthAna kI vidhi, vivAha kI vidhi Adi sAmAnyataH tInoM hI paramparAoM meM samAna hai, phira bhI paramparAoM ke bheda ke kAraNa kucha AMzika matabheda avazya milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne apanI isa vidhi meM pratyeka kriyA hetu maMtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA kI vidhi meM dekhane ko nahIM milte| isI prakAra kucha anya kriyAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jaise - toraNa-pratiSThA-vidhi, vedI-sthApana karanA aadi| yadyapi paM. nAthUlAlajI zAstrI ne jaina-saMskAra-vidhi meM vedI banAne Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu digambara-paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM inakI vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vivAha kI ina sampUrNa kriyAoM meM vardhamAnasUri ne deza evaM kulAcAra ko bhI mahatva diyA haiN| vardhamAnasUri ne vivAha-vidhi ke antargata jo madhuparka Adi SaTaAcAra kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha digambara-paramparA meM dekhane ko nahIM milate haiM, kintu vaidika-paramparA meM ina AcAroM kA varNana milatA hai| 16 vardhamAnasUri ne pApa-vivAha ke svarUpa ko bhI ullekhita kiyA hai| sAtha hI vezyA ke vivAha kI vidhi kA bhI nirdeza diyA hai, jisakA ullekha hameM digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| digambara-paramparA meM kanyA-pradAna evaM varaNa ke pazcAt havana karane kA bhI ullekha vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai| isa saMskAra hetu Avazyaka sAmagrI kA varNana bhI vardhamAnasUri ne apane grantha AcAradinakara meM kiyA hai, kintu isa prakAra kA ullekha digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke pUrvavartI granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai, yadyapi paravartI granthoM meM isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 48 hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-266, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 416 hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-aSTama, pR.-268, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1965

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAna meM AMzika bhinnatA evaM AMzika samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai| paramparAoM ke bheda ke kAraNa kucha vidhiyA~ aisI bhI haiM, jo mAtra eka hI paramparA se sambandha rakhatI haiM, dUsarI paramparA se nahIM, kintu paramparA - bheda ke kAraNa aisA honA svAbhAvika hI hai / upasaMhAra isa saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karane ke pazcAt jaba hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA ke bAre meM vicAra karate haiM, to hama yaha pAte haiM ki vivAha susabhya samAja kI nIMva hai| kisI bhI samAja meM yauna-sambandhoM meM varjanAoM ko banAe rakhane evaM naitika mUlyoM kA AdhAra sudRr3ha banAne ke lie vivAha ko eka karttavya ke rUpa meM anivArya mAnA gayA hai| vivAha saMsthA strI-puruSa kI vAsanAtmaka pazuvRtti ko sImita kara eka sAmAjika suvyavasthA pradAna karatI hai aura isa taraha vaha manuSya ko pazutA kI ora kadama bar3hAne se rokatI hai| mana gatizIla hai, vaha nirantara vAsanAoM kI pUrti kI ora bhAgatA hai, use samyak dizA dene hetu vivAha saMsthA anivArya hai| isase mAnava - zakti, cAritrika - pavitratA evaM sAmAjika - suvyavasthA ke racanAtmaka kArya meM laga jAtI hai| isase manuSya zreSTha mArga kI ora agrasara hokara pUrNatA kI ora bar3hatA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM bhI jaba isa saMskAra ko dekhate haiM, to pAte haiM ki vAstava meM yaha saMskAra apane-Apa meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki isake mAdhyama se hI manuSya kI kAma-vAsanAoM ko sImita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura aneka sAmAjika vikRtiyoM se bacA jA sakatA hai| vratAropaNa - saMskAra kA svarUpa isa saMskAra meM vyakti jAtA hai| vrata kA zAbdika artha hai vratAropaNa - saMskAra - - dvArA vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka vratoM kA grahaNa kiyA niyama yA pratijJA evaM AropaNa kA artha hai grahaNa krnaa| ataH isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti ko vratoM kA grahaNa karAyA jAtA hai| phalataH usameM ina vratoM ke pAlana se utpanna hone vAle guNoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| sabhI dharmoM meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM ko ekamata se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| saphala jIvana hetu ina cAroM puruSArthoM kA AcaraNa anivArya hai| inameM se kisI bhI eka puruSArtha kI upekSA ucita nahIM hai| phira bhI ina cAroM puruSArthoM meM dharma-puruSArtha pramukha haiM aura vyakti ke jIvana meM usakA AcaraNa atyanta anivArya hai, kyoMki dharma hI vyakti ko jIvana jIne kA 199

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200 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI sahI dizA-nirdeza detA hai evaM use adhaHpatana se bacAtA hai| vaha artha aura kAma-puruSArthoM kA niyAmaka bhI hai evaM mokSa-puruSArtha kA sAdhana hai| vratAropaNa-saMskAra kA artha vastutaH dharma yA nItipUrvaka jIvana jIne kI pratijJA karanA hai| isa saMskAra ke mUlabhUta prayojana ke sandarbha meM jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki vyakti ke jIvana meM dharma kA paripAlana atyanta Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isake abhAva meM vyakti kA jIvana durAcArI evaM pApoM kA saMkula bana jAtA hai, ataH vyakti ko dharma ke saMskAroM se saMskArita karane ke uddezya se hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai - aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMbaMdha meM apanA maMtavya spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki 20 "isa loka meM garbha se lekara vivAha taka ke caudaha saMskAroM se saMskArita vyakti bhI vratAropaNa-saMskAra ke binA isa janma meM lakSmI kA sadupayoga nahIM kara pAtA hai| vaha jagata meM prazaMsA kA pAtra nahIM hotA hai| vaha na to isa loka meM aura na hI paraloka meM sva-para kalyANa kA bhAgI hotA hai| vaha Aryadeza, manuSyajanma tathA svarga evaM mokSa ke sukha se bhI vaMcita rahatA hai|" ataH manuSyoM ke lie vratAropaNa-saMskAra parama kalyANakAraka hai| Agama meM bhI isake mahatva ko pradarzita karate hue kahA gayA hai - "brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra - koI bhI ho, sabhI dharma se hI mokSa kI prApti ke yogya hote haiN| sarva kalAoM meM pravINa jo munaSya dharmakalA ko nahIM jAnate haiM, ve bahattara kalAoM meM kazala evaM vivekazIla hone para bhI (vAstava meM) kuzala nahIM haiN|" anya dharmoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai - "dharmAcaraNa ke binA upanIta, pUjya tathA kalAvAn manuSya bhI na to isa loka meM aura na paraloka meM sukha ko prApta kara pAtA hai|42 vardhamAnasari ne yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, arthAta isa saMskAra ko karate samaya vyakti kI Ayu kitanI ho, isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, parantu isa sambandha meM vyakti kI yogyatA ko atyanta mahatva diyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra vratAvataraNa nAmaka saMskAra ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra bAraha yA solaha varSa ke bAda meM kiyA jAtA hai|422 vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI vedavratoM kA ullekha milatA hai, 420 AcAradinakara vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pandrahavA~, pR.-42, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 4' AcAradinakara vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pandrahavA~, pR.-42, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622 AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu. DaoN pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-250, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000 422

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 201 parantu unameM isakI kriyAvidhi kA koI ullekha hameM dRSTigata nahIM hotA hai| ataH sarvaprathama hama jainadharma kI zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparAoM meM isa sambandha meM kyA avadhAraNA hai, unheM hI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kreNge| saMskArakartA - vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra vratAropaNa-saMskAra viziSTa guNoM se yukta nirgranthamuni (yatiguru) dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| nirgranthaguru kI ve viziSTa yogyatAe~ kyA haiM? isakA ullekha bhI vardhamAnasUri ne vistAra se kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra AdipurANa meM nirdiSTa yogyatA ko dhAraNa karane vAle jainadvija yA bhaTTAraka ke dvArA karavAyA hai| vaise to usa paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra nirgranthamuni dvArA hI sampanna hotA thA, kintu kAlAntara meM nirgranthamuni paramparA vicchinna hone se yaha kArya unake pratinidhi ke rUpa meM bhaTTAraka karane lge| __ vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM vratAropaNa kI nimna vidhi prastuta kI hai vratAropaNa-saMskAra kI vidhi - isa vidhi ke antargata vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama isa saMskAra ke mahatva kA pratipAdana karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki vratAropaNa-saMskAra nirgranthayati dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| tadanantara mUlagrantha meM nirgranthaguru ke guNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pita-paramparA meM mAnya nirgranthaguru ko, yA usake abhAva meM ina guNoM se yukta anya gaccha Adi ke nirgranthaguru ke prApta hone para hI gRhastha ko vratAropaNa kI vidhi karanI cAhie tathA jo gRhastha pUrva kathita ina caudaha saMskAroM se susaMskRta hai, vahI gRhIdharma ko dhAraNa karane ke yogya hai| tadanantara vratadhAraNa karane ke yogya zrAvaka ke 21 sAmAnya guNoM tathA 35 mArgAnusArI guNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt vratAropaNa-saMskAra-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| varSa, mAsa, dina, nakSatra, lagna ke zuddha hone para vivAha, dIkSA evaM pratiSThA ke samAna hI zubhalagna meM gRhasthaguru usake ghara meM zAntika-pauSTikakarma kre| tatpazcAt upAzraya Adi meM yogya sthala para samavasaraNa kI racanA kara usameM paramAtmA kI pratimA sthApita kre| phira zrAvaka snAna se pavitra hokara apane ghara se mahotsavapUrvaka upAzraya meM Akara zrAvakayogya veza ko dhAraNa kareM tathA guru kI bAIM aura pUrvAbhimukha hokara baitthe| tatpazcAt zrAvaka guru kI AjJA se nAriyala, akSata aura supArI ko hAtha meM rakhakara parameSThImaMtra kA uccAraNa karate hue

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202 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI samavasaraNa kI tIna pradakSiNA de| tadanantara guru evaM zrAvaka - donoM IryApathikI kI kriyA kreN| tatpazcAt zrAvaka kisa prakAra se vidhipUrvaka naMdI kriyA kare, isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara devavaMdana tathA zrutadevatA Adi ke kAyotsarga tathA stuti kA krama batAyA gayA hai| devavaMdana ke madhya bole jAne vAle arhaNAdistotra kA bhI ullekha mUlagrantha meM kiyA gayA hai| caityavaMdana ke bAda zrAvaka anujJApUrvaka samyaktva-sAmAyika Adi ke lie kAyotsarga karatA hai tathA mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA karatA hai| isake bAda zrAvaka dvArA samyaktvAdi trika grahaNa karane kI icchA vyakta karane para yatiguru vidhipUrvaka samyaktvadaMDaka kA tIna bAra uccAraNa karavAte haiN| tatpazcAt guru zrAvaka ke mastaka para vAsakSepa karate hai| tadanantara guru sUrimaMtra se akSata evaM vAsakSepa ko abhimaMtrita karate haiN| isake bAda zrAvaka samyaktva traya ke sthirIkaraNa hetu kAyotsarga karatA hai tathA cauthI stuti ko chor3akara zakrastava dvArA caityavaMdana karatA hai| tatpazcAt guru zrAvaka ko sAmane baiThAkara niyama grahaNa karavAte haiM tathA use samyaktva ke svarUpa kA upadeza dete haiN| usa dina zrAvaka Ayambila, ekAsanA Adi vrata kre| yaha nirdeza dekara vardhamAnasUri ne sAdhuoM ko dAna dene, maNDalIpUjA karane, caturvidha saMgha ko bhojana karAne tathA saMghapUjA karane kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| yaha samyaktva-sAmAyika, arthAta samyaktva-dhAraNa kI vidhi hai| tadanantara mUlagrantha meM dezavirati-sAmAyika-AropaNa kI vidhi kA ullekha huA hai| isameM zrAvaka ko bAraha vratoM kA grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai| isI prakaraNa meM parigraha-parimANa sambandhI TippaNaka likhane kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha huA hai| tatpazcAt mUlagrantha meM cha:mAsika sAmAyika-vrata grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara mUlagrantha meM zrAvaka pratimAoM ke nAmollekha karate hue unakI udvahana kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| isa prakaraNa meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo pratimA jIvanaparyanta ke lie grahaNa kI jAtI hai, usameM kAla Adi kA niyama nahIM hotA hai, zeSa meM hotA hai| pratimAoM ke vahana meM bhI naMdIkriyA, caityavaMdana, khamAsamaNA, vAsakSepa Adi kI vidhi kI jAtI hai| prathamadarzana-pratimA meM darzana-pratimA sambandhI daMDaka kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isake sAtha hI anya-anya pratimAoM meM unase sambandhita pratijJApATha meM ullekhita vratacaryA kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt mUlagrantha meM zrutasAmAyika-AropaNa kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| sAdhuoM ko yogodvahana-vidhi se zruta-AropaNa hetu AgamapAThoM dvArA adhyayana-adhyApana dvArA zruta-sAmAyika kA AropaNa karAte haiM tathA gRhasthoM ko

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 203 upadhAnavidhi se zrutasAmAyika kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| mUlagrantha meM sAta upadhAna batAe gae haiM, kintu inameM se - 1. parameSThI maMtra kA 2. IryApathikI kA 3. zakrastava kA 4. arhatcaityastava kA 5. caturviMzatistava kA evaM 6. zrutastava kA hI upadhAna hotA hai aura unhIM kI vidhi mUlagrantha meM dI gaI hai| siddhastava kI prathama tIna gAthAoM kI vAcanA upadhAna ke binA bhI hotI hai, zeSa gAthAe~ Adhunika haiM, ataH unake hetu upadhAna Avazyaka nahIM hai| tatpazcAt chahoM upadhAnoM kI vistRta vidhi kA ullekha huA hai, arthAt kaunase upadhAna meM kitane dinoM taka kaunasA tapa kareM tathA kisa prakAra se upadhAna se sambandhita sUtra kI vAcanA deM - isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| prasaMgavazAt mUlagrantha meM mAnadevasUri viracita upadhAna sambandhI prakaraNa ko bhI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt udyApanarUpa mAlAropaNavidhi kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara isI udaya meM prasaMgAnusAra zrAvaka kI dinacaryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| rAtri meM do muhUrta zeSa rahane para upAsaka ko uTha jAnA caahie| tatpazcAt nityakarma se nivRtta hokara Asana para baiThakara parameSThImaMtra kA jApa kare, stotra pATha yukta caityavaMdana kare tathA pratikramaNAdi kre| tatpazcAt uSAkAla meM snAna karake evaM zuddha vastroM ko dhAraNa kara paramAtmA kI pUjA kre| tadanantara mUlagrantha meM arhatkalpAnusAra paramAtmapUjA-vidhi tathA laghusnAtra-vidhi kA varNana huA hai| tatpazcAt zrAvaka devagRha meM jAkara stotra evaM zakrastava Adi dvArA paramAtmA kI stuti kara pratyAkhyAna grahaNa kre| phira upAzraya meM jAkara susAdhuoM ko vaMdanA kare tathA dharmadezanA sune| tatpazcAt guru ko namaskAra kara nyAyanItipUrvaka dhana kA arjana kre| tatpazcAt gRhacaitya meM paramAtmA kI pUjA kare tathA sAdhuoM ko AhAra vagairaha kA dAna de| Agata atithiyoM kA bhI satkAra kare tathA dInoM ko saMtuSTa karake vrata evaM kula ke lie ucita ho - aisA AhAra kare . . ityaadi| isa prakAra zrAvaka kI dinacaryA sambandhI vistRta carcA mUlagrantha meM huI hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa usakA hama yahA~ ullekha nahIM kara rahe haiN| isase sambandhita vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara (prathama khaNDa) ke pandrahaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA tulanAtmaka vivecana - zvetAmbara-paramparA ke arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha upAsakadazA meM isa saMskAra kA AMzika ullekha milatA hai:23, jaise - bAraha aNuvratoM kA grahaNa karanA, zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAe~ dhAraNa karanA aadi| kintu isa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM 423 upAsakadazA, sU.-1/13-57, 1/70-71 saM.-madhukaramuni, byAvara /

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204 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI kA ullekha hameM vahA~ nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasari ne424 isa saMskAra ke pUrva kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki vratAropaNa karAne vAle nirgranthaguru kaise hoM aura jisa vyakti ko vratAropaNa kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha kina-kina yogyatA kA dhAraka ho| vratAropaNa karane yogya zrAvaka 21 guNoM se yukta honA cAhie, AcArya haribhadra ne zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNa 25 meM evaM AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM yahI bAta kucha vistRta rUpa meM kahI 26 hai| digambara-paramparA meM jisane samasta vidyAoM kA adhyayana kara liyA hai - aise usa brahmacArI kI vratAvataraNa kriyA hotI hai| AzAdhara Adi ne isa sambandha meM zrAvakadharma ke adhikArI ke 14 guNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 20 vardhamAnasari ne isa saMskAra kI kriyAvidhi kA bahuta vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne kina nakSatroM meM, kisa dina (vAra) evaM kisa muhUrta meM yaha saMskAra kareM, isakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jabaki digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM vratAvataraNa kI kriyA kA varNana bahuta saMkSipta rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI vardhamAnasUri kI bhA~ti digambara jainAcAryoM ne isa bAta kA bhI koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, ki yaha saMskAra kaba aura kisa muhUrta meM karanA caahie| vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra vratAropaNa kI sampUrNa kriyAvidhi kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai, usa prakAra isakI kriyA-vidhi kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| AdipurANa meM mAtra itanA ullekha avazya milatA hai ki brahmacArI ke vratAropaNa kI yaha kriyA nirgranthaguru kI sAkSI meM jinendra bhagavAn kI pUjA tathA dvijoM kA satkAra karane ke pazcAt kI jAtI hai| guru kI AjJA se vaha brahmacArI vastra, AbhUSaNa aura mAlA Adi ko dhAraNa karatA hai| yadi vaha zAstropajIvI, arthAt kSatriya varga kA hai, to vaha apanI AjIvikA evaM prajA kI rakSA ke lie zastra bhI dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, yA kevala zobhA ke lie bhI zastra grahaNa kara sakatA hai evaM jaba taka usake Age kI kriyA nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha kAma-parityAga rUpa brahmavrata kA pAlana karatA hai tathA yAvajjIvana ke lie ATha 424 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-pandrahavA~, pR.-42 se 43, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1622 5 zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNa, DaoN. surendra botharA, gAthA na.-3 se 11, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa : 2001. 426 yogazAstra, anu.- vijaya kezarasUrIzvara, adhyAya-dvitIya prakAza, pR.-66-100, mukticaMdra zramaNa ArAdhanA, girivihAra, pAlItANA, chaThavI AvRttiA * sAgAratharmAmRta, anu.-AryA supArzvamati jI, adhyAya-prathama, pR.-17, bhArata varSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, tRtIya saMskaraNa, san 1965

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 205 mUlaguNoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai|428 digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa nAmaka grantha meM vratAvataraNa ke sambandha meM mAtra itanA hI ullekha milatA hai| usameM isakI kriyAvidhi evaM maMtroM kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| vardhamAnasari ne vratAropaNa-saMskAra meM sarvaprathama jisa prakAra samyaktva grahaNa karane sambandhI nirdeza diyA hai, usa prakAra kA nirdeza digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM varNita vratAvataraNa-saMskAra meM nahIM diyA gayA hai| yadyapi digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI samyaktva grahaNa karane sambandhI ullekha milatA hai, parantu jinasenAcArya ne ise vratAvataraNa meM samAhita nahIM kiyA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne vratAropaNa-saMskAra meM bAIsa abhakSyoM ke tyAga karane kA bhI nirdeza diyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke vratAvataraNa-saMskAra meM ina bAIsa abhakSyoM meM se pA~ca udumbara phaloM kA tyAga karane kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM bhI dvidala aura abhakSya sambandhI nirdeza haiM, parantu vratAvataraNa-saMskAra meM ina pA~coM ke tyAga kA hI ullekha milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne vratAropaNa-saMskAra meM dezaviratirUpa zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM kA bhI vistRta ullekha kiyA hai, jabaki digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM varNita vratAvataraNa-saMskAra meM hiMsAdi pA~ca sthUla pApoM kA hI tyAga karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai; yadyapi digambara-paramparA ke aneka granthoM meM zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM kA ullekha hai| sAgAradharmAmRta evaM vibhinna zrAvakAcAroM meM ina vratoM kA aticArasahita vistRta vivecana milatA hai| zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparAe~ ekamata haiN| zrAvaka ke ina bAraha vratoM kA vibhAjana nimna rUpa meM huA hai - pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvratA zvetAmbara Agama upAsakadazAMga meM pA~ca aNuvratoM aura sAta zikSAvratoM kA ullekha hai| yahA~ guNavratoM kA zikSAvratoM meM hI samAveza kara liyA gayA hai| pA~ca aNuvratoM ke nAma evaM krama ke sambandha meM bhI mataikya hai, lekina tIna guNavratoM meM nAma kI ekarUpatA hote hue bhI krama meM aMtara hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM upabhoga-paribhogavrata kA krama sAtavA~ aura anarthadaNDaviramaNa-vrata kA krama AThavA~ hai| donoM paramparAoM meM mahatvapUrNa antara zikSAvratoM ke sambandha meM hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM zikSAvratoM kA krama isa prakAra hai - 6. sAmAyikavrata, 10. dezAvakAzikavrata, 11. pauSadhavrata, 12. atithisNvibhaagvt| lekina digambara-paramparA ke kucha granthoM meM dezAvakAzika ke sthAna para saMlekhanA ko zikSA vrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA krama AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anuvAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-250, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000

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206 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI isa prakAra hai / 6. sAmAyika, 10 pauSadhavrata, 11. atithisaMvibhAgavrata aura 12. sNlekhnaavrt| digambara - paramparA meM dezAvakAzika aura pauSadhavrata ko eka meM milA liyA gayA hai tathA usa rikta saMkhyA kI pUrti saMlekhanA ko vrata meM samAveza karake kI gaI hai| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM AMzika matabheda dRSTigata hotA hai| mukhyataH vardhamAnasUri ne ina bAraha hI vratoM ko vratAropaNa - saMskAra meM samAhita kiyA hai, jabaki digambara - paramparA meM vratAvataraNa meM hiMsAdi pAMca pApoM ke tyAga ko hI antarnihita kiyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne vratAropaNa - saMskAra meM pratimA - udvahana kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| digambara - paramparA meM vratAvataraNa meM isa viSaya ko vivecita nahIM kiyA hai, kintu digambara - paramparA meM bhI zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki una gyAraha pratimAoM ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara- paramparA meM AMzika matabheda haiN| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM zrAvaka kI nimna gyAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha milatA hai 1. darzana 2. vrata 3. sAmAyika 4. pauSadha 5. pratimA 6. brahmacarya 7. sacittatyAga 8. AraMbhatyAga 6. preSyatyAga 10. uddiSTatyAga aura 11. zramaNabhUta / digambara- paramparA meM zrAvaka kI nimna gyAraha pratimA batAI gaI haiN| 1. darzana 2 vrata 3. sAmAyika pauSadha 5. sacittatyAga 6. divAmaithunatyAgapratimA 7. brahmacaryavratapratimA AraMbhatyAga pratimA 6. parigrahatyAgapratimA 10. anumatityAgapratimA aura 11. uddisstttyaagprtimaa| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM pratimA sambandhI dhAraNA meM matabheda dRSTigata hotA hai| nAmoM ke matabheda evaM kramabheda ke sAtha inake vivecana meM bhI kucha matabheda haiM, jaise zvetAmbara - paramparA meM sAmAyikapratimA ke antargata prAyaH donoM samaya sAmAyika karane kA vidhAna hai, vahIM digambara- paramparA meM isa prakriyA ke antargata tInoM samaya sAmAyika karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| 4. 8. - - vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM vratAropaNa - saMskAra kI kriyAvidhi meM zAntika evaM pauSTikakarma karane, naMdI ke samakSa samyagdarzana Adi ratnatraya ke AropaNa karane, bAIsa abhakSya Adi kA tyAga karavAne evaM parigraha kA parimANa karane ityAdi aneka kriyAoM kA bahuta vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI isa vratAropaNavidhi meM zrAvaka ko jina bAraha vratoM kA grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai, una bAraha vratoM kA varNana, usake niyama, aticAra aura jina vikalpoM se vratagrahaNa kie jAte haiM, unakA varNana vardhamAnasUri ne bahuta vistAra se kiyA hai| dvAdaza vratoM ke grahaNa kI avadhi ke sambandha meM unhoMne maryAditakAla yA yAvajjIvana ullekha kiyA hai| isI prakAra zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimA, upadhAna vidhi, mAlAropaNavidhi, zrAvaka kI dinacaryA, paramAtmA kI pUjAvidhi, laghusnAtravidhi, bRhat donoM kA -

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 207 snAtravidhi, navagraha evaM kSetrapAla kI pUjAvidhi Adi kA bhI bahuta sundara vivecana isI vratAropaNa-saMskAra kI vidhi meM kiyA gayA hai| itanA vistRta ullekha digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM hameM nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke Agamagrantha upAsakadazAMga meM bhI zrAvaka dvArA dvAdaza vratoM ko dhAraNa karane, gyAraha pratimAoM ke vahana karane ke ullekha to milate haiM, parantu vardhamAnasUri ne jisa kriyAvidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai, usa prakAra kI sampUrNa kriyAvidhi kA ullekha hameM AgamagranthoM meM nahIM milatA hai| vratAropaNa meM varNita vibhinna viSayoM kI vidhi kA varNana zrIjinaprabhasUrikRta "vidhimArgaprapA" meM bhI milatA hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki guru-paramparA ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM AMzika bhinnatA hai, usameM bhI isakI vidhi vistAra se milatI hai| digambara-paramparA meM itanA vizeSa hai ki vratAvataraNa ke samaya grahaNa kie gae aNuvratoM tathA guNavratoM kA kAla yAvajjIvana hotA hai, jabaki vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara ke anusAra ina vratoM kA kAla mAsika, SaTmAsika, vArSika tathA yAvat jIvana bhI ho sakatA hai| vratagrahaNa karane ke samaya kucha kartavyoM kA bhI nirdeza AcAradinakara meM kiyA gayA hai, jaise - usa dina sAdharmika vAtsalya kare, guru mahArAja ko caturvidha AhAra Adi dAna kare, saMghapUjA kare, vratagrahaNa karane vAlA zrAvaka usa dina ekAsanA yA Ayambila tapa kare, aadi| vaidika-paramparA meM vedavratoM ke sambandha meM dharmazAstroM meM jo ullekha milate haiM, unakA vivecana AcArya pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe ne apane dharmazAstra ke itihAsa meM isa rUpa meM kiyA hai|030 "AzvalAyanasmRti (padya) ke anusAra cAra vedavrata ye haiM - 1. mahAnAmnIvrata 2. mahAvrata 3. upaniSad-vrata evaM 4. godaan| AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra ke anusAra vratoM meM caulakarma se paridAna taka ke sabhI kRtya, jo upanayana ke samaya kie jAte haiM, pratyeka vrata ke samaya duharAe jAte haiN| zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra ke anusAra pavitra gAyatrI se dIkSita hone ke uparAnta cAra vrata kie jAte haiM, yathA-zukriya, zAkvara, vAtika aura aupnissdk| inameM zukriyavrata tIna yA bAraha dina yA eka varSa taka calatA thA tathA anya tIna kama se kama varSa-varSa bhara kie jAte the| antima tIna vratoM ke Arambha meM alaga-alaga upanayana kiyA jAtA thA tathA isake uparAnta uddIkSaNikA nAmaka kRtya kiyA jAtA thaa| uddIkSaNikA kA 426 vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, pR.-1 se 16, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, punarmudraNa : 2000 43deg dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga) pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-7, pR.-251, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680

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208 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI tAtparya hai - Arambhika vratoM ko chor3a denaa| AraNyaka kA adhyayana gA~va ke bAhara vana meM kiyA jAtA thaa| manu ke anusAra ina cAroM vratoM meM pratyeka vrata ke Arambha meM brahmacArI ko navIna, mRgacarma, yajJopavIta evaM mekhalA dhAraNa karanI par3atI thii| gobhila gRhyasUtra, jo sAmaveda se sambandhita hai; godAnika, vrAtika, Aditya, aupaniSad, jyeSThasAmika nAmaka vratoM kA varNana karatA hai, jinameM pratyeka eka varSa taka calatA hai| godAnavrata kA sambandha saMbhoga, gandha, nAca, gAna, kAjala, madhu, mAMsa Adi kA parityAga kiyA jAtA hai aura gA~va meM jUtA nahIM pahanA jAtA hai| gobhila ke anusAra mekhalAdhAraNa, bhojana kI bhikSA, daNDa lenA, pratidina snAna, samidhA denA, guru ke caraNavandana karanA, Adi kriyAe~ sabhI vratoM meM kI jAtI haiN| godAnikavrata meM sAmaveda ke pUrvArcika kA Arambha kiyA jAtA thaa| bAtika se AraNyaka kA Arambha hotA thaa| isI prakAra Aditya se zukriya kA, aupaniSad se upaniSada brAhmaNa evaM jyeSTha-sAmika se Ajya-doha kA Arambha kiyA jAtA thaa| vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra isa saMskAra ke anta meM saMskAra se sambandhita sAmagrI kA ullekha kiyA hai, usa prakAra kA ullekha bhI zvetAmbara AgamoM evaM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM prAcIna granthoM meM to nahIM, kintu paravartI granthoM meM aise ullekha mila jAte haiN| upasaMhAra - isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke pazcAt jaba hama isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA evaM upAdeyatA para vicAra karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki vAstava meM vyakti ke naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie vratAropaNa-saMskAra atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiN| garbhAdhAna se lekara vivAhaparyanta taka ke sabhI saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vyakti apanI daihika AvazyakatAoM evaM sAmAjika dAyitva kI pUrti karatA hai, lekina ina sAmAjika-dAyitvoM ke sAtha hI vyakti apane naitika, dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika-dAyitvoM se vaMcita na ho, isalie vratAropaNa-saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| eka taraha se dekhA jAe, to isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti mAtra apane dhArmika-dAyitvoM ko hI pUrA nahIM karatA, balki sAmAjika-dAyitvoM kI bhI pUrti karatA hai, jaise - ahiMsAvrata ke mAdhyama se vyakti dUsaroM kI hiMsA na karane kI pratijJA lekara "jIo aura jIne do" ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karatA hai, jisase samAja meM ahiMsA kA vAtAvaraNa sthApita hotA hai| isI prakAra parigraha-parimANa-vrata evaM upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANa-vrata ke mAdhyama se vyakti dUsare ke zoSaNa evaM upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti ke duSpariNAmoM se baca jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha saMskAra

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209 vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vyakti ko sAmAjika dAyitvoM ke sAtha-sAtha naitika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika-dAyitvoM evaM kartavyoM kA nirvAha karane ke lie bhI prerita karatA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM isa saMskAra kI prAsaMgikatA atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| Adhunika kAla meM vyakti kI jo saMgrahavRtti evaM hiMsA kI bhAvanAe~ vikasita ho rahIM haiM, unakA nirAkaraNa evaM svasthya samAja kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI vyakti ke cahuMmukhI vikAsa ke lie yaha saMskAra atyanta anivArya hai, kyoMki isake mAdhyama se vyakti na mAtra sva kA kalyANa karatA hai, varan para kA kalyANa karane ke lie bhI tatpara banatA hai| antya-saMskAra antyasaMskAra kA svarUpa - sAdhAraNatayA antyasaMskAra kA tAtparya maraNa ke pazcAt zava kI antima kriyA se hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa zabda ko isI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, parantu vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra ko vyApaka artha meM lete hue maraNa se pUrva kI sAdhanA, arthAt jIvana kI antima ArAdhanA ko bhI isa saMskAra meM antarnihita kiyA hai| isa prakAra vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke antargata mRtyu se pUrva kI sAdhanA evaM mRtyu ke pazcAt kI kriyAoM-donoM ko sammilita kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM mRtyu se pUrva kI sAdhanA ke rUpa meM yoganirvANaprApti evaM yoganirvANasAdhanA kriyA kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM meM mRtyoparAnta kI kriyA kA vistRta ullekha nahIM hai, kintu bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM isa kriyA kA "vijahaNA" ke rUpa meM vistRta ullekha hai| phira bhI zvetAmbara evaM digambara - donoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke antargata samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA aura mRtadeha kI antima kriyA - donoM hI samAhita haiN| jaba hama isa saMskAra ke mUlabhUta prayojana ke saMdarbha meM vicAra karate haiM, to yaha pAte haiM ki isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti svecchA se mRtyu kA varaNa karatA hai| sAmAnyataH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki vyakti yaha jAnate hue bhI ki "jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyuH", arthAta janma lene vAloM kI mRtyu sunizcita hai, vyakti mRtyu se bhayabhIta rahatA hai aura jIvana meM anAsakta dRSTi kA vikAsa nahIM kara pAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA zarIra ke prati Asakti ke kAraNa vyakti mRtyu se bacane kA prayatna karatA hai, yA usase dUra bhAgatA hai, lekina isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti ko jIvana evaM zarIra kI anityatA kA bhAsa karavAyA jAtA hai tathA use

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210 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI mRtyu ke bhaya se mukta kara AtmasAdhanA ke liye prerita kiyA jAtA hai, jisase vyakti mRtyu Ane para bhI bhayAkrAnta nahIM hokara, samabhAvapUrvaka usakA svAgata kre| jaina-cintana meM mAnava-jIvana kA antima lakSya AtmA ke svarUpa kI prApti hai| isa hetu sAdhanA kA Azraya lenA Avazyaka hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka ko tapa Adi vividha prakAra kI sAdhanA karavAI jAtI hai, jisase vaha apane jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM sajaga evaM anAsakta rahe tathA apane pApoM kI AlocanA kara AtmasAdhanA meM saMlagna ho apane deha kA visarjana kre| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana vyakti ko AtmonmukhI karanA thA, na ki mAtra mRtadeha kI antima kriyaa| jJAtavya haiM ki vaidika-paramparA meM vyakti ke isa saMsAra se prasthAna karane para usake bhAvI jIvana ke sukha yA kalyANa ke prayojana se antyeSTi (antya) saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki hindU-paramparA meM isa loka kI apekSA paraloka ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra jIvana-dIpa ke bujhane kI sthiti meM, arthAt mRtyu kI sannikaTatA ko jAnakara yaha saMskAra vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka karavAyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA ke sAhitya meM mRtyu kI sannikaTatA ko jAnane ke aneka upAya bhI batAe gae haiM, jisakA varNana hama yathAsthAna kreNge| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI kucha granthakAroM ne ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| gautama Adi kucha gRhyasUtroM meM ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu jAtUkarNya meM ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai|431 . isa prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM isa sambandha meM AMzika matabheda dRSTigata hotA hai| saMskArakartA - vardhamAnasari ke anusAra isa saMskAra meM samAdhimaraNa sambandhI ArAdhanA nirgrantha yati tathA deha kI antyeSTi kI kriyA zrAvaka yA jaina brAhmaNa dvArA kI jAtI hai| digambara-paramparA meM isa sambandha meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai, kintu bhagavatIArAdhanA ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA muni yA AcArya dvArA karavAI jAtI hai aura deha-visarjana kI kriyA zrAvakavarga karatA hai| muni ke kAladharma (svargavAsa) hone para kucha kriyAe~ munigaNa evaM kucha kriyAe~ zrAvakavarga karatA hai, yadyapi prAcIna granthoM ke anusAra muni ke mRta deha kI vijahanA yA 5" dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe (prathama bhAga), adhyAya-6, pR.-178, uttarapradeza, hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 211 visarjana bhI muni hI karate haiN| ve use yogya sthala para chor3a Ate haiN| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimnavidhi prastuta kI hai - antyasaMskAra kI vidhi - upAsaka ko zrAvakoM kI AcAravidhi ke anusAra vratoM kA pAlana karate hue jIvana kA antima samaya Ane para zreSTha saMlekhanAvrata kI ArAdhanA karanI caahie| paramAtmA ke kalyANa ke sthAnoM para, yA vana meM, yA anyatra yogya sthAna para AmaraNa anazana karanA caahie| usa samaya guru bhI usa zubhasthAna para jAkara glAna ko mRtyuparyanta ArAdhanA kraae| __ avazyambhAvI mRtyu ke nikaTa Ane para ArAdhaka ko samyaktva AropaNa ke samaya kI jAne vAlI naMdIkriyA karAe, kintu samyaktvAropaNa ke sthAna para "saMlehaNA ArAhaNA" zabda kA uccAraNa kre| tatpazcAt vaiyAvRtyakaradevatA ke ArAdhanArtha kAyotsarga evaM stuti ke bAda ArAdhanAdevatA kA kAyotsarga kara unakI stuti bole| tatpazcAt guru pUrvokta vidhi ke anusAra samyaktvadaNDaka evaM dvAdaza vratoM kA uccAraNa kraae| sampUrNa kriyA pUrva kI bhA~ti hI kare, kintu usameM "saMlehaNA ArAhaNA" zabda kA uccAraNa kare tathA niyamoM ko grahaNa karavAte samaya 'yAvat niyama paryanta' ke sthAna para 'yAvat jIvanta paryanta' khe| tatpazcAt vidhipUrvaka sarvajIvoM se kSamAyAcanA kre| tatpazcAt ArAdhaka sukRta kI anumodanA tathA duSkRta kI AlocanA karatA hai| yadi pahale samyaktvavrata kA AropaNa kiyA huA ho, to bhI punaH isa kriyA ke anta meM samyaktvavratapUrvaka bAraha vratoM kA AropaNa kre| jisane pUrva meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ko grahaNa kiyA huA ho, use pahale unake 124 aticAroM kI AlocanA kraae| tatpazcAt guru evaM saMgha kisa prakAra se glAna ke sira para vAsakSepa DAle, punaH ArAdhaka kisa prakAra se kSamA yAcanA kare - isakA mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| tadanantara mRtyu ke nikaTa Ane para glAna se sukRta meM vitta kA viniyoga karavAe tathA jJAta-ajJAta duSkRtyoM ke lie AlocanA krvaae| tatpazcAt namaskAramaMtrapUrvaka glAna cAra maMgaloM kI zaraNa svIkAra kare tathA aThAraha pApasthAnakoM kA tIna yoga evaM tIna karaNa se jIvanaparyanta ke lie tyAga kre| tadanantara guru yogazAstra ke paMcama prakAza kA aura kAlapradIpa Adi kA vAMcana kare tathA glAna kI Ayu kSINa hotI jAnakara saMgha Adi kI anumati se ArAdhaka ko yAvajjIvana hetu anazana kA uccAraNa kraae| phira antima samaya meM AgArarahita anazana grahaNa kraae| guru evaM saMgha kisa prakAra se use vAsakSepa pradAna kare, antima samaya meM guru glAna ko kina-kina viSayoM kA vyAkhyAna kare - isakA bhI

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ullekha mUlagrantha meM huA hai| tatpazcAt anta samaya meM sAdhaka sampUrNa AhAra, sampUrNa deha evaM sampUrNa upadhi kA tyAga kara parameSThImaMtra ke smaraNapUrvaka deha kA tyAga kre| yaha anazana kI vidhi hai| 212 tadanantara mRtadeha - visarjana kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| zikhA ko chor3akara brAhmaNa ke sampUrNa sira evaM dAr3hI kA muNDana karavAnA cAhie isakA ullekha karate hue varNa, jAti ke anusAra zava - saMskAra kI vidhi karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| tatpazcAt mRtadeha ko kisa prakAra se snAna karAkara use zrRMgAroM se vibhUSita kareM, kisa prakAra se kASTha kI zayyA banAeM tathA gRhastha kI mRtyu paMcaka meM hone para usase utpanna doSa ke nivAraNArtha kisa prakAra se kuzaputra banAeM isakA bhI isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt svajAti ke cAra vyaktiyoMsahita zava ko zmazAna meM le jAeM tathA citA meM sthApita kara putra agni-saMskAra kare / tatpazcAt preta sambandhI dAna ko grahaNa karane vAle ko dAna deM tathA saba snAna kareM aura usI mArga se apane ghara A jaaeN| tatpazcAt usakI bhasma eMva asthiyoM ko kitane samaya ke bAda mRtaka kA putra nadI meM bahAe, parivArajana zoka kA nivAraNa kisa prakAra se kareM tathA kisa prakAra se jinacaitya evaM upAzraya meM jAeM Adi vivaraNa bhI mUlagrantha meM diyA gayA hai| prasaMgavazAt aMta meM mRtaka - snAna meM varjita nakSatroM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| isake sAtha hI vardhamAnasUri ne isa vibhAga meM janma evaM maraNa sambadhI sUtaka para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| etadartha vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke prathamakhaNDa ke solahaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana - vardhamAnasUri ne apane grantha AcAradinakara meM antyasaMskAra ke antargata vyakti kI mRtyu se pUrva kI ArAdhanAvidhi evaM mRtyoparAnta zarIra ke visarjana sambandhI vidhi kA vivecana bahuta vistAra se kiyA hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA ke arddhamAgadhI Agamagrantha upAsakadazA meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAna kA hameM vahA~ ullekha nahIM milatA hai / 432 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra antyasaMskAra meM mRtyu se pUrva saMlekhanAvrata kI ArAdhanA karavAI jAtI hai| vaidika paramparA meM isa prakAra kI kriyAvidhi kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| 432 upAsakadazA, sUtra - 1/86, saM. - madhukaramuni, byAvara

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana donoM dvArA zvetAmbara evaM digambara - AgamagranthoM meM gRhastha aura muni saMlekhanA dhAraNa karane sambandhI vidhi ke ullekha milate haiN| vardhamAnasUri ne bhI saMlekhanAvrata ko kisa vidhi se dhAraNa kareM - isakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| isa vidhi ke lie vardhamAnasUri ne kisI nizcita nakSatra, tithi, muhUrta Adi ke sambandha meM nirdeza nahIM diyA hai, kyoMki mRtyu avazyambhAvI hokara bhI aniyata hai, vaha kaba A jAe, kisI ko patA nahIM haiN| vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama isa saMskAra ke sthAna ke bAre meM nirdeza diyA hai, ki muni yA gRhastha tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke janma Adi kalyANakoM ke sthAna para, yA vana meM, yA parvata para jIvajantu se rahita vizuddha baMjara bhUmi para yA apane ghara meM yogya sthAna para AmaraNa anazana vidhipUrvaka grahaNa kre| 433 vardhamAnasUra ke anusAra isa isa saMskAra meM naMdIkriyA evaM saMlekhanA-ArAdhanAvidhi kI jAtI hai| saMlekhanA - ArAdhanAvidhi ke anusAra sarvaprathama samyaktvadaNDaka evaM dvAdaza vratoM kA punarpratyAkhyAna (uccAraNa) karavAyA jAtA hai, parantu isa saMskAra meM niyamoM ko grahaNa karAte samaya " yAvat niyama paryanta" ke sthAna para " yAvat jIvana paryanta" kA uccAraNa karAyA jAtA hai| sAdhaka saba jIvoM se kSamAyAcanA karatA hai evaM sarvajIvoM ko kSamA pradAna karatA hai| sAtha hI sukRta kI anumodanA karatA haiM evaM duSkRta kI AlocanA karatA hai / sarvaprathama mRtyu ko nikaTa jAnakara zrAvaka apane putrAdi se dhArmika anuSThAna karAtA hai / yathA - maMdiroM meM pUjA, snAtra, dhvajArohaNa aadi| sAtha hI vaha sAdhaka sarvaprathama cAra zaraNa svIkAra karake tathA aThAraha pApasthAnaka kA tyAga karake yAvajjIvana hetu anazanavrata ko svIkAra karatA hai / anta meM paMcaparameSThImaMtra ke smaraNa evaM zravaNa pUrvaka zarIra kA tyAga karatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM ye saba vidhi-vidhAna dekhane ko nahIM milte| pUrvavartI vaidika - sAhitya meM mRtyu ke bAda kI kriyAoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai / mRtyu ke pUrva anusRta prathAoM tathA kriyAoM kA vizada vivaraNa to hindU dharmazAstroM meM nahIM diyA gayA hai, ' parantu kahIM-kahIM isase sambandhita ullekha milate haiN| yathA " jaba eka hindU yaha anubhava karatA hai ki usakI mRtyu samIpa A gaI hai, to vaha apane sambandhiyoM aura mitroM ko nimantrita karatA hai aura unase mitratA se bAtacIta karatA hai| sAtha hI apane bhAvI kalyANa ke lie 434 434 - - 213 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta ( prathama vibhAga), udaya- sohalavA~, pR. 66, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe san 1622 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya- dazama, pR. 311, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pA~cavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665

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214 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI vaha brAhmaNoM tathA nirdhanoM ko dAna detA hai"435, parantu vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra "mittI se savvabhUesu" ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para sAdhaka ko prANImAtra se kSamAyAcanA karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, usa prakAra kA nirdeza vaidika-paramparA meM nahIM miltaa| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra 36 mRtyu hone para tIrthasaMskAra (agnisaMskAra) kiyA jAtA hai| isakA ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne cAroM vargoM kI kriyAvidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai, jaise - brAhmaNoM ko sampUrNa sira evaM dAr3hI kA muNDana karAnA caahie| kucha logoM ke anusAra kSatriya evaM vaizyoM ko bhI aisA karAne kA vidhAna hai| zUdra ko muNDana karAne kA niSedha kiyA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM zAntikarma ke antargata kSaurakarma karavAne kA ullekha milatA hai, jo agnisaMskAra ke pazcAt kiyA jAtA hai|437 vardhamAnasari ne zava kI saMskAravidhi apane varNa evaM jAti ke anusAra karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra zava ko sugaMdhita dravyoM se snAna karAyA jAtA hai, gandha evaM kuMkuma Adi kA vilepana kiyA jAtA hai, vastra dhAraNa karAe jAte haiM, aadi| vardhamAnasUri ne arthI kisa prakAra se banAeM tathA paMcaka meM mRtyu hone para kuzaputra kaise banAeM tathA unheM kaise rakhakara zava kA agnisaMskAra kareM - isakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, sAtha hI anna kA bhojana na karane vAle bAlaka kA bhUmisaMskAra karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke katipaya AcAryoM ke anusAra zava vayovRddha dAsoM dvArA le jAyA jAnA cAhie38, jabaki anya AcAryoM ke anusAra do bailoM dvArA Dhoe jAne vAlI gAr3I para lAdakara le jAnA caahie| isI prakAra brAhmaNa kA zava Dhone ke lie zUdra kA upayoga karane kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki vardhamAnasUri ne arthI kA vahana svajAtijanoM dvArA karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| 435 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-dazama, pR.-311, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 436 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-solahavA~, pR.-70, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1922 437 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-dazama, pR.-330, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665 36 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-dazama, pR.-313-314, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 215 vardhamAnasUri ne agnisaMskAra ke pazcAt citA kI bhasma evaM asthiyoM kA visarjana evaM zoka kA nivAraNa kisa prakAra kareM - isakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, sAtha hI unhoMne mRtaka ke snAna karAne ke samaya kina-kina nakSatroM kA tyAga kareM tathA kina-kina vAroM meM preta sambandhI kriyA kareM - isakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI citA kI bhasma evaM asthiyoM ke visarjana kA ullekha milatA hai, parantu pUrvavartI vaidika-granthoM meM isa sambandha meM kucha alaga hI ullekha milate haiN| bhasma para dUdha aura jala kA secana karake asthiyoM ko udumbara vRkSa yA gUlara ke DaNDe se bhasma se pRthak kiyA jAtA thA tathA usa samaya maMtroccAra kie jAte the| bhasma ko ekatrita karake dakSiNa dizA meM pheMka diyA jAtA thA tathA asthiyA~ vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka jala yA gaDr3he meM DAla dI jAtI thiiN| 436 digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM gRhastha ke antyasaMskAra sambandhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, parantu digambara-paramparA ke anya granthoM jaise bhagavatIArAdhanA Adi meM gRhastha ke antima samaya kI ArAdhanA kA varNana milatA hai| isI prakAra sAgAradharmAmRta meM bhI zrAvaka ke antima samaya kI ArAdhanArUpa saMlekhanA kA varNana bahuta vistAra se milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri kI bhA~ti hI isameM AzAdhara jI ne saMlekhanA grahaNa karane ke lie sthAna kaisA ho, vahA~ kisa prakAra kramazaH kaSAyoM evaM AhAra kA tyAga karate hue zarIra kA tyAga kareM, Adi kA bahuta vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM kucha vizeSa ullekha milate haiM, jaise - zrAvaka ko samAdhimaraNa ke lie zarIra ko kramazaH kRza karanA cAhie, kyoMki anna se puSTa aura vAta, pitta, kaphAdi ke doSoM se grasta zarIra samAdhimaraNa meM sahAyaka nahIM hotA hai, isalie samAdhimaraNa kI icchA rakhane vAle vyakti ko sarvaprathama zAstroktavidhi se kAya aura kaSAyoM ko kuza karanA cAhie tathA jaTharAzaya ke saMcita mala ko yogya virecana Adi dvArA zuddha karanA caahie| yadyapi vardhamAnasUri ne bhI kaSAyoM ko kRza karane ke lie maitrIbhAvanA se AtmA ko bhAvita karane ko kahA hai, parantu jisa prakAra digambara-paramparA meM jaTharAzaya ke mala ko apekSita virecana Adi dvArA zuddha karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, usa prakAra kA nirdeza AcAradinakara meM nahIM miltaa| AdipurANa meM do prakAra kI mRtyu kA ullekha hai - zarIramaraNa, arthAt Ayu ke anta meM zarIratyAga aura saMskAramaraNa, arthAt vratI puruSoM dvArA pApoM kA prityaag| zarIramaraNa meM hI antyeSTi saMskAra kI vyavasthA dI gaI hai| zarIra kI antyeSTi ke bhI aneka rUpa haiM, jaise - agnidAha, zava ko jamIna meM gAr3anA, jala meM pravAhita karanA, athavA pazu-pakSiyoM 26 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-dazama, pR.-328, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1965

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216 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI ko khAne ke lie khule sthAna meM chor3anA, parantu vardhamAnasari ne jisa prakAra se mRtyu ke pazcAt kI kriyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaisA ullekha hamArI jAnakArI ke anusAra digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| vaidika-paramparA meM antyeSTi-saMskAra kA bahuta vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke anusAra aise kitane hI kRtyoM ko ullekha kiyA hai, jo jaina-paramparA meM dekhane ko nahIM milate, jaise - anustaraNIkriyA ke mAdhyama se gAya yA bakare kI balI denA, yA usakA dAna denA, udakakarma karanA, zAntikarma karanA, piNDadAna denA aadi|440 ___ vardhamAnasari ne mRtyu ke pazcAta kitane dina kA sUtaka ho, garbhapAta meM kitane dina kA sUtaka ho, bAlaka kA kitane dina kA sUtaka ho - isakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai|41 vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI azauca sambandhI ullekha bahuta vistAra se milate haiN| usameM azauca kA kAla, mRtaka kI jAti, Ayu aura liMgabheda ke anusAra batAyA gayA hai| gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra azauca kI sAdhAraNa avadhi dasa dina kI hai, parantu vaizyoM evaM zUdroM ke lie azauca kI avadhi kramazaH pandraha dina aura eka mAsa hai|42 paravartI smRtiyoM ke anusAra viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM azauca se pUrNataH mukta bhI huA jA sakatA hai| do varSa se kama Ayu ke zizu ke lie mAtra usake mAtA-pitA ko hI eka yA tIna rAtri kA azauca lagatA hai| isa prakAra ke anya mata bhI milate haiM, jinakA varNana sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa yahA~ kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| digambara-paramparA meM paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI ne jaina-saMskAra-vidhi meM mRtyu ke samaya evaM mRtyu ke bAda kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM kA saMkSipta rUpa meM ullekha karate hue sUtaka sambandhI vicAroM ko bhI prastuta kiyA vardhamAnasUri ne apane-apane varNa ke anusAra sUtaka ke anta meM kalyANarUpa paramAtmA kI snAtrapUjA evaM sAdharmikavAtsalya karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM paramAtmA kI pUjA karane sambandhI ullekha to nahIM milate haiM, kintu brAhmaNabhoja kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isI saMskAra 440 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-dazama, pR.-315-334, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ ___ saMskaraNa : 1665 4' AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta (prathama vibhAga), udaya-solahavA~, pR.-70, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, san 1922 442 hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-dazama, pR.-325, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa :1665

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 217 ke antargata parivrAjaka evaM saMnyAsiyoM ke antimasaMskAra kA bhI ullekha hai|443 saMnyAsiyoM kA antimasaMskAra aneka rUpoM meM hotA hai, jaise - 1. agnisaMskAra 2. bhUmi meM gAr3hanA 3. nadI ke jala meM pravAhita karanA aura 4. pazu-pakSiyoM ke bhakSaNa hetu jaMgala meM chor3a denA, aadi| jJAtavya hai ki jaina-paramparA meM bhI prAcInakAla meM muni kI mRtadeha kI antima kriyA muniyoM dvArA zava jaMgala meM rakhakara hI kI jAtI thI, kintu vartamAnakAla meM zrAvakoM dvArA unakA dAha-saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparAoM meM apanI-apanI paramparAoM kI vidhi ke anurUpa antyasaMskAra karane kA ullekha milatA hai| upasaMhAra - isa tulanAtmaka vivecana karane ke uparAnta jaba hama isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA evaM upAdeyatA kA AMkalana karate haiM, to hama pAte haiM ki mRtyu ke pUrva prANI ko sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se deha ke prati nirmamatva kA bhAva jAgrata karAyA jA sakatA hai, tAki vaha mRtyu se bhayabhIta yA duHkhI na hokara zAntabhAva se zarIra kA tyAga kara ske| sAmAnyataH mRtyu ke antima kSaNoM meM bhI jIva moha se Upara nahIM uTha pAtA aura apane svajanoM, mitra, parivAra Adi kA aura apanI dhana sampatti kA hI cintana-manana karatA rahatA hai| anAsakta bhAva kA vicAra bhI usake mana meM utpanna nahIM hotaa| moha se parivRtta jIva saMsAra kA cintana-manana karate hue hI paralokagamana kara jAtA hai| jaina-paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki yadi antima kSaNoM meM jIva ke adhyavasAya zubha hoM, to vaha apane AgAmI bhava ko sudhAra sakatA hai| prAyazcitta aisI agni haiM jo pApakarmoM kA nAza karane meM samartha hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka ko pUrvakRta pApoM kI AlocanA evaM sukRta kI anumodanA karavAI jAtI hai tathA anityAdi bAraha bhAvanAoM kA ciMtana karavAyA jAtA hai, jisase sAdhaka antima kSaNoM meM dharmasAdhanA meM juTa jAtA hai tathA paramAtmA ke smaraNapUrvaka hI deha kA visarjana kara apanA AtmakalyANa karatA hai| mRtyu ke bAda vyakti kI sanAthatA kA AkhyApana karane ke lie agnisaMskAra kI kriyA kI jAtI hai, jise vardhamAnasUri ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| hindU saMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, adhyAya-dazama, pra.-341, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNa : 1665

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218 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI adhyAya-5 AcAradinakara meM varNita muni-jIvana ke saMskAra isa adhyAya meM AcAradinakara meM varNita muni-jIvana ke saMskAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI muni-jIvana ke ina SoDaza saMskAroM kA vaidika evaM digambara- paramparA meM varNita saMskAroM ke sAtha tulanA evaM samIkSA kI gaI hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita muni-jIvana ke ina SoDaza saMskAroM meM se kucha saMskAroM kI carcA digambara-paramparA meM to milatI hai, kintu vaidika-paramparA meM prAyaH hameM ina saMskAroM kA vizeSa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| hA~, vaidika-paramparA meM varNita vAnaprasthAzrama evaM saMnyAsAzrama ko AcAradinakara meM varNita kSullakasaMskAra evaM pravrajyAsaMskAra ke samatulya mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu unheM bhI pUrNarUpeNa unake sadRza nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki unake AcAra meM bhinnatA hone ke kAraNa isameM bheda pAyA jAtA hai| ___ AdipurANa meM hameM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti brahmacaryavrata-vidhi, kSullakavidhi, yogodvahanavidhi, vAcanAgrahaNavidhi, upAdhyAyapadasthApana-vidhi, sAdhvI ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI vidhi, pravartinI evaM mahattarApadasthApana kI vidhi, ahorAtri kI caryAvidhi evaM RtucaryAvidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, arthAt vahA~ ina vidhi-vidhAnoM ko saMskAroM kI zreNI meM nahIM rakhA gayA hai| phira bhI digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM inase sambandhita yatkiMcit jAnakArI avazya milatI hai aura unhIM granthoM kA AdhAra lekara hamane AcAradinakara meM varNita muni-jIvana ke SoDaza saMskAroM kI digambara-paramparA se tulanA kI haiN| AdipurANa meM spaSTa rUpa se AcAradinakara meM varNita muni-jIvana ke SoDaza saMskAroM meM se jina saMskAroM kI carcA huI, ve haiM- pravrajyAvidhi

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (dIkSAdyavidhi), upasthApanAvidhi (jinarUpatAkriyA), vAcanAnujJAvidhi ( gaNopagrahaNavidhi), AcAryapada sthApana vidhi (svagurusthAnAvApti-kriyA), aMtimasaMlekhanA - vidhi ( yoganirvANasaMprApti - kriyA evaM yognirvaannsaadhn-kriyaa)| yaha to isa adhyAya kI viSayavastu kI sAmAnya jhalaka hai, isakA vistRta vivaraNa hama agrima pRSThoM meM kreNge| brahmacaryavrata-saMskAra brahmacaryavrata - saMskAra kA svarUpa brahmacarya zabda do zabdoM se milakara banA hai- brahmacaryaM brahma kA artha haiAtmA yA paramatattva tathA carya kA artha hai - ramaNa karanA; ataH AtmA meM ramaNa karane ko brahmacarya kahate hai| vyakti apanI AtmA meM ramaNa tabhI kara sakatA hai, jaba usakA mana bAhUhya paudgalika vastuoM se virakta ho, kyoMki usake abhAva meM vyakti kA mana punaH punaH svacetanA se haTakara bAhya paudgalika vastuoM kI tarapha daur3a lagAtA hai| vidvAnoM ne brahmacarya zabda kA tAtparya maithuna se virakti bhI mAnA hai| yahA~ granthakAra ne isI artha meM isa saMskAra ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| digambara- paramparA evaM vaidika paramparA meM bhI brahmacaryavrata ko svIkRta to kiyA gayA hai, kintu ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA hai, jabaki vardhamAnasUri ne ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana kSullakatva kI prApti se pUrva kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karanA hai, arthAt kSullakatva prApta karane se pUrva use isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se prazikSita kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki yati AcAra kA pAlana karanA atyanta duSkara kArya hai aura usameM bhI sarvAdhika duSkAra kArya brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karanA hai; ataH isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se usakA prazikSaNa evaM parIkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 219 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, isa sambandha meM hameM koI nirdeza nahIM milate haiM, kyoMki jaina- paramparA meM prAyaH brahmacaryavrata ko grahaNa karane ke lie kisI Ayu vizeSa kA nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM brahmacAriyoM ke aneka prakAra batAeM haiM, ' kintu Ayu ke sambandha meM vahA~ bhI koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM prathama, tRtIya 445 444 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR. 71, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. sAgAradharmAmRta, anu. AryikA supArzvamatijI, adhyAya- sAtavA~, pR. 376, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665. 445

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220 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI evaM caturtha Azrama meM isa vrata kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, isa apekSA se vaha jIvana ke tIna bhAgoM meM isa vrata ko grahaNa karatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI upakurvANa aura naiSTika brahmacArI ke rUpa meM brahmacArI ke do prakAroM kI carcA milatI hai|046 saMskAra kA kartA AcAradinakara grantha ke anusAra yaha saMskAra yatiguru dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI brahmacaryavrata kA grahaNa sAmAnyataH muni yA bhaTTAraka dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM brahmacaryavrata kA grahaNa kisake dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai, isakA koI ullekha hameM nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra kI nimna vidhi prastuta kI brahmacaryavrata-grahaNa-vidhi ___ isa vidhi meM sarvaprathama vardhamAnasUri ne yati-AcAra kI duSkaratA kA kathana kiyA hai| tatpazcAt sabhI vratoM meM brahmacaryavrata ko atyanta duSkara batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa taraha indriyoM meM rasanendriya, karmoM meM mohanIyakarma eMva gupti meM managupti atyanta kaThina hai, usI prakAra vratoM meM brahmacaryavrata ko pAlanA duSkara kahA gayA hai| tadanantara brahmacaryavrata grahaNa karane vAloM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| isake bAda brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karane kA adhikArI kauna ho sakatA hai, yaha batAyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai, ki brahmacaryavrata grahaNa karane kA icchuka zrAvaka sarvaprathama zAntika-pauSTika karma, gurupUjA evaM saMghapUjA kre| tadanantara pravrajyA ke samAna uparyukta muhUrta ke Ane para muNDita sira evaM zikhAsUtra ko dhAraNa kie hue vaha zrAvaka mahotsavapUrvaka guNoM se yukta yatiguru ke pAsa jaae| tadantara guru naMdIpUrvaka use samyaktva evaM dezavirati sAmAyika kA AropaNa kraae| phira guru zrAvaka ko tIna bAra namaskAra maMtra kA uccAraNa karavA kara use do karaNa tIna yoga se sAmAyika vrata kA tathA maithunatyAgavata kA grahaNa krvaae| tadanantara "saMsAra-sAgAra se pAra hoo " yaha kahakara guru use vAsakSepa de tathA saMgha use bdhaae| tatpazcAt guru brahmacArI ko brahmacarya ko nava vADoM sahita pAlana karane kA upadeza de| isake sAtha hI guru brahmacArI ko maunapUrvaka donoM samaya Avazyaka kriyA karane tathA tIna varSa taka trikAla paramAtmA kI pUjA karane kA 446 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga) pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- sAtavA~, pR.-252 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 447 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR.-71, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 221 upadeza bhI de| isa vrata meM prAyaH sacitta kA sampUrNa rUpa se tyAga nahIM hotA hai, kevala brahmacaryavrata kA dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| kathana upadeza dene ke bAda guru brahmacArI ko vAsakSepa pradAna kre| tadanantara zikhAsUtra Adi ko dhAraNa karate hue mauna evaM zubhadhyAna meM nimagna vaha brahmacArI tIna varSa taka vicaraNa kre| tIna varSa taka zuddha brahmacarya kA pAlana karane para hI vaha kSullakatva ke yogya hotA hai, anyathA nhii| isase sambandhita vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga meM satrahaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA tulanAtmaka vivecana yahA~ sarvaprathama yaha spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki brahmacaryavrata grahaNa karane kI kAla kI apekSA se do koTiyA~ hai| (1) niyatakAla ke lie evaM (2) jIvanaparyanta ke lie| niyatakAla ke lie jo brahmacaryavrata grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha eka avadhi vizeSa ke lie hI hotA hai| sAmAnyataH isa prakAra kA vrata gRhasthoM dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaise adhyayanakAla kI avadhi meM, athavA upanayana ke samaya bAlaka ko brahmacArI banAyA jAtA hai tathA adhyayanakAla pUrNa hone para usa vrata kA virsajana karA diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra eka avadhi vizeSa ke lie gRhIta brahmacaryavrata kA usa avadhi ke pUrNa hone para svataH hI visarjana ho jAtA hai| dUsarA, jIvanaparyanta hetu gRhIta brahmacaryavrata jIvana ke antima kSaNa taka ke lie hotA hai| sAmAnyataH isa prakAra kA vrata jaina-paramparA meM nirgrantha muniyoM tathA vaidika-paramparA meM saMnyAsI dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM brahmacArI ke jo pA~ca prakAra batAe haiM; upanayana, avalamba, adIkSA, gUr3ha, aura naiSThika- ina pA~ca bhedoM meM se naiSThika brahmacArI bhI jIvanaparyanta hetu isa vrata kA grahaNa karatA hai| isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM naiSThika brahmacArI dvArA gRhIta brahmacaryavrata yAvat jIvana hetu hotA hai|46 isa prakAra vibhinna avasaroM yA kriyAoM ke prasaMga meM brahmacaryavrata kI avadhi ke sambandha meM vibhinna mata milate haiM, vistAra ke bhaya se una sabakA yahA~ vivecana karanA sambhava nahIM hai| 'sAgAradharmAmRta, anu.-AryikA supArzvamati jI, adhyAya-sAtavA~, pR.-376, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa prathama bhAga) pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- sAtavA~, pR.-253, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya .skaraNa 1980. -

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222 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra meM gRhIta brahmacaryavrata kI avadhi tIna varSa kI batAI hai| ina tIna varSoM kI avadhi ke parIkSaNa meM saphala hone para use kSullaka pravrajyA pradAna kI jAtI hai, anyathA vaha punaH gRhasthadharma meM calA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vardhamAnasari ne isa vrata kI eka avadhi vizeSa kA nirdeza diyA hai| saMkSepa meM yahA~ niyata kAla hetu gRhIta brahmacaryavrata kI hI carcA kI gaI hai| usake Age kI prakriyAe~ usa niyata kAla ke paripUrNa hone para hI hotI hai| vardhamAnasari ne isa saMskAra kI vidhi batAne se pUrva yati-AcAra ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai tathA usakI duSkaratA kA varNana kiyA hai| jaise- yatidharma svAdarahita bAlukA ke kavala ko khAne ke samAna hai, talavAra kI dhAra para calane ke samAna hai, ityaadi| isake sAtha hI granthakAra ne brahmacaryavrata kI mahattA ko spaSTa karate hue isa sambandha meM AgamoM evaM anya matoM ke sandarbha die hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isa vrata ke mahatva ko svIkAra karate hue ise duSkara kahA gayA hai, isa bAta kA ullekha bhI vardhamAnasUri ne kiyA hai| ___ vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra zuddha samyaktvapUrvaka dvAdazavrata-AcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA, caitya evaM jinabimba kA nirmANa karAne vAlA, jinAgama evaM caturvidha saMgha kI sevA hetu pracura dhana kA vyaya karane vAlA, bhoga se virakta nirAkAMkSI, utkRSTa vairAgyabhAvanA se vAsita, gRhasthajIvana meM sampUrNa manorathoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, zAnta rasa meM nimagna, kula kI vRddhAoM, putra, patnI athavA svAmI Adi dvArA anujJA prApta tathA pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke lie utsuka zrAvaka hI brahmacaryavrata ko dhAraNa karane ke yogya hotA hai| digambara tathA vaidika-paramparAoM ke granthoM meM isa brahmacaryavrata ke dhAraNa kA adhikArI kauna ho sakatA hai, isa sambandha meM koI vizeSa nirdeza hameM dekhane ko nahIM milate haiN| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra brahmacaryavrata dhAraNa karane se pUrva zrAvaka ko zAntika- pauSTikakarma, gurupUjA evaM saMghapUjA karanI caahie| isake bAda vaha pravrajyA hetu upayukta muhUrta ke Ane para muNDita sira evaM zikhAsUtra ko dhAraNa karake guru ke samIpa jAkara naMdIkriyApUrvaka dezaviratisAmAyika, samyaktvasAmAyika evaM brahmacaryavrata kA uccAraNa karatA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA pRthak se koI varNana nahIM hone ke kAraNa isake vidhi -vidhAna kA koI ullekha 44deg AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR.-71, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. " AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR.-71, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 223 nahIM milatA hai, naiSThika brahmacArI ke rUpa meM maujIbandhana Adi kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| ___vardhamAnasUri ne brahmacaryavrata ko grahaNa karane hetu eka vizeSa daNDaka kA nirdeza diyA hai| yathA 52 "karemi bhaMte sAmAiyaM sAvajjaM jogaM paccakkhAmi jAvaniyamaM pajjuvAsAmi duvihaM tiviheNaM maNeNaM vAyAe kAeNaM na karemi na kAravemi tassa bhaMte paDikkamAmi niMdAmi garihAmi appANaM vosirAmi savvaM mehuNaM paccakkhAmi jAva niyama pajjuvAsAmi duvihaM, tiviheNaM, maNeNaM, vAyAe, kAraNaM na karemi na kAravemi tassa bhaMte paDikkamAmi niMdAmi garihAmi appANaM vosirAmi" isa prakAra ke pATha (daNDaka) kA nirdeza digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra brahmavrata ko grahaNa karane ke pazcAt guru dvArA vrata ko puSTa karane hetu brahmacarya kI nauM vADoM kA tathA anya Avazyaka bAtoM kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai| jaise 52- svAdhyAya ko chor3akara hamezA mauna dhAraNa karanA, anya kisI ke ghara meM bhojana karate samaya prAyaH sacitta kA tyAga karanA, hamezA laMgoTI evaM muMja-mekhalA ko dhAraNa karanA, zarIra kA saMskAra nahIM karanA, AbhUSaNa Adi dhAraNa nahIM karanA.... ityaadi| digambara vaidika-paramparA meM brahmacaryAzrama meM sthita brahmacArI hetu bhI kucha isI prakAra ke nirdeza die gae hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI brahmavrata ko puSTa karane hetu dasa prakAra ke abrahma ko tyAgane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| upadeza prApta karane ke pazcAt brahmacArI ko kisa prakAra se tathA kitane samaya taka isa vrata kA pAlana karanA cAhie, isakA bhI ullekha vardhamAnasUri ne prastuta kRti meM kiyA hai| 55 digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI brahmacAriyoM ke lie prAyaH isI prakAra ke nirdeza milate haiM, kintu vardhamAnasUri ne isa vrata hetu jisa prakAra tIna varSa kI avadhi vizeSa kA nirdeza diyA hai, usa prakAra kA nirdeza digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM nahIM milatA hai| 452 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR.-72, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. "AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR.-72, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. " aNagAra dharmAmRta, anu.-paM.kailAza candra zAstrI, adhyAya-caturtha pR.-273 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prathama saMskaraNa 1677. 45 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR.-72, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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224 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI isa prakAra tInoM paramparAoM meM brahmacaryavrata dhAraNa karane sambandhI saMskAra meM kucha samAnatA, to kucha viSamatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| upasaMhAra _456 isa tulanAtmaka vivecana ke pazcAt isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA evaM AvazyakatA ko lekara kucha samIkSAtmaka vivecana karanA Avazyaka hai| vardhamAnasUri dvArA nirdiSTa yaha saMskAra vAstava meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| isa saMskAra se saMskArita hone para vyakti brahmacaryavrata ke prabhAva se adbhuta Atmika vaibhava ko prApta karatA hai| jaisA ki sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kahA gayA hai- "niraticAra brahmacaryavrata pAlana karane vAle ko vidyA sAdhita, siddha aura varapradA hotI hai aura maMtra par3hane mAtra se siddha ho jAte haiN| deva kiMkara ke samAna AcaraNa karate hai / nirmala brahmacArI ke nAma uccAraNamAtra se krUra brahma rAkSasAdi bhI zAnta ho jAte haiN| " isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti apanI indriyoM ko saMyamita karatA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM isa prakAra ke saMskAra kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| saMskAroM ke abhAva meM hI vyakti apanI maryAdAoM ko bhUla jAtA hai| vyakti ke mana evaM indriyoM ke saMyamana hetu brahmacaryavrata saMjIvanI - auSadhi ke samAna hai, jo vyakti ke bhoga-vilAsarUpI roga kA mUla se nAza kara detA hai| isake sAtha hI vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bhI isa saMskAra kA bahuta yogadAna hai, kyoMki isa vrata ke binA vyakti Atmonnati nahIM kara sakatA hai| kSullaka - vidhi kSullaka - vidhi kA svarUpa kSullaka zabda kA tAtparya hai- choTA / prAcInakAla meM kSullaka zabda kA tAtparya laghumuni thA, arthAt jisane mAtra sAmAyikacAritra grahaNa kiyA ho tathA jise mahAvratAropaNa rUpa upasampadA yA chedopasthApanacAritra abhI nahIM diyA gayA ho, use kSullaka kahA jAtA thaa| use yAvajjIvana hetu sAmAyikavrata kA hI uccAraNa karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara- paramparA meM gyArahavIM pratimA ko dhAraNa karane vAle ko kSullaka kahA jAtA hai 47, jisakI caryA bhI prAyaH AcAradinakara meM varNita kSullaka 456 sAgAradharmAmRta, anu. AryikA supArzvamati jI, adhyAya - sAtavA~, pR. 376, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665. 457 sAgAradharmAmRta, anu. - AryikA supArzvamati jI, adhyAya- sAtavA~, pR. 366, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665.

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vardhamAnasarikata AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 225 ke samAna hI hai, kintu digambara-paramparA meM ise zrAvaka kI gyArahavIM pratimA grahaNa rUpa mAnA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra ke sadRza kisI saMskAra kA ullekha hameM nahIM milatA hai, phira bhI vAnaprastha avasthA se isakA AMzika sAmya mAnA jA sakatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne ise yatijIvana ke pUrva kI bhUmikA mAnakara ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai| jisakI carcA hama yathAsthAna kreNge| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana pravrajyA se pUrva kI taiyArI karanA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se use munidIkSA hetu paripakva banAyA jAtA hai| jaisA pUrva meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki yati-AcAra kA pAlana atyanta duSkara kArya hai| 18 vaha lohe ke cane cabAne ke sadRza hai| pratyeka vyakti usakA samyaka paripAlana kara hI pAe, yaha koI Avazyaka nahIM hai; ataH pravrajyA se pUrva use tIna varSa hetu do karaNa tIna yoga se mahAvratoM sahita rAtribhojana kA tyAga karavAyA jAtA hai, jisase vaha svayaM kI zakti kA AMkalana kara sake ki vaha ina mahAvratoM kA yAvajjIvana hetu pAlana kara pAegA yA nhiiN| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana pravrajyA grahaNa karane se pUrva sAdhaka ko paripakva banAnA haiM jJAtavya hai jahA~ muni paMca mahAvratoM ko tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se yAvajjIvana hetu grahaNa karatA hai, vahA~ kSullaka do karaNa aura tIna yoga se mAtra tIna varSa hetu ina vratoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, isa sambandha meM vardhamAnasUri ne koI nirdeza nahIM diyA hai| hA~, itanA avazya hai ki pUrva meM tIna varSa samyak rUpa se brahmacarya kA pAlana karane para hI sAdhaka ko kSullaka dIkSA dI jAtI hai|056 yadi vaha samyak rUpa se brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana nahIM karatA hai, to use isa saMskAra se saMskArita nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke anusAra zrAvaka kI gyArahavIM pratimA grahaNa karate samaya vyakti kSullakatva ko prApta karatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra hI digambara-paramparA meM bhI kSullakatva kI prApti se pUrva brahmacaryavrata kA nirvAha kiyA jAtA hai| zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM meM brahmacaryavratapratimA bhI AtI hai tathA pUrva-pUrva kI pratimAoM ke pAlana karane ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhaka Age kI pratimAoM kA pAlana karatA hai|06deg isa prakAra digambara-paramparA meM bhI kSullakatva kI prApti se pUrva brahmacarya kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR.-72, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-satrahavA~, pR.-72, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. sAgAra dharmAmRta, anu.- AryikA supArzvamati jI, adhyayana-prathama, pR.-37, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665.

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226 saMskAra kA karttA - AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra yatiguru dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai|46' digambara-paramparA meM kSullaka - saMskAra kI vidhi kauna karavAe ? isameM sambandha AdipurANa meM koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM milate haiM, parantu sAmAnyataH yaha vidhi muni yA bhaTTAraka dvArA karavAI jAtI hai| humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha " meM bhI yaha vidhi guru ( muni) dvArA karavAne kA kahA gayA hai| _462 AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI haikSullaka vidhi isa vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne kSullakavrata grahaNa karane ke yogya sAdhaka kI yogyatA kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki trikaraNa kI zuddhipUrvaka tIna varSa taka brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karane para tIsare varSa ke anta meM vyakti kSullakatva ko prApta karane yogya hotA hai| isake lie sAdhaka sarvaprathama guNasampanna guru ke pAsa jAkara, dIkSA ke upayukta lagna Ane para sira muNDita karavAkara snAna kare tathA zikhA evaM upavIta ko dhAraNa kre| tatpazcAt gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kA pratikramaNa kare, tadanantara vratAropaNa ke sadRza kriyA karate hue eka avadhi vizeSa hetu do karaNa tIna yoga se sAmAyikavrata, paMcamahAvrata evaM chaThaveM rAtribhojana - viramaNavrata ko grahaNa kre| uparyukta vratoM ko grahaNa karane kI kyA vidhi hai ? isakA mUlagrantha meM vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara guru sAdhaka ko kSullakAcAra kA upadeza dete haiM tathA usake dvArA karaNIya kAryoM kI anumati pradAna karate hai / tadanantara guru kSullaka ko vAsakSepa pradAna kare eva saMgha vardhApana kre| tatpazcAt kSullaka guru kI anujJA se muni kI taraha dharmopadeza dete hue tIna varSa kI avadhi taka vicaraNa kre| tIna varSa taka saMyama kI yathAvat paripAlanA karane para hI vaha pravrajyA ke yogya banatA hai, anyathA vaha punaH gRhastha jIvana meM praveza kara sakatA hai| isase sambandhita vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke aThArahaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai | sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 461 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-aThArahavA~, pR. 72, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 462 humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR. 467, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jayapura.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tulanAtmaka vivecana vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama isa saMskAra meM kSullakatva ke yogya sAdhaka ke lakSaNa batAe hai| jaise 63 -tIna varSa taka trikaraNa kI zuddhipUrvaka brahmavrata kA pAlana karane vAlA, vairAgyabhAva se paripUrNa, dRr3hatApUrvaka zIla kA pAlana karane vAlA tathA yatidIkSA grahaNa karane ko utsuka brahmacArI hI kSullaka dIkSA ke yogya hotA hai| digambara-paramparA meM alaga se kSullaka dIkSA ke yogya vyakti ke lakSaNoM kI carcA hameM dekhane ko nahIM milI, kintu pUrva-pUrva kI pratimAoM ke pAlana karane se unameM bhI ye yogyatAe~ sAmAnyataH prakaTa ho hI jAtI haiM, yaha svIkAra karane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra kSullakatva kI avadhi vizeSa kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usa prakAra kA nirdeza hameM digambara- paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| usameM sAmAnyataH jIvanaparyanta ke lie isa pratimA kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / AcAradinakara ke anusAra kSullakatva kI prApti ke lie sAdhaka guNoM se yukta guru ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA ke upayukta tithi, vAra, nakSatra, evaM lagna ke Ane para sira muNDita karavAkara tathA snAna karake zikhA evaM upavIta ko dhAraNa kare aura isake lie eka vizeSa prakAra kI kriyAvidhi kare tathA usa kriyAvidhi meM vizeSa rUpa se tIna varSa hetu pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM chaThaveM rAtri bhojana tyAga kA vrata do karaNa aura tIna yoga se grahaNa kre| digambara- paramparA ke AdipurANa meM isakI kriyAvidhi kA hameM vistAra se koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| sAgAra - dharmAmRta meM itanA ullekha avazya milatA hai ki kSullaka (utkRSTa zrAvaka ) guhya aMga ko pracchAdana karane ke lie sapheda laMgoTI tathA uttarIyavastra ko dhAraNa kare tathA dAr3hI aura mastaka ke bAla kaiMcI se yA ustare se kaTavAe; lekina isakI kyA vidhi hai ? isa sambandha meM vahA~ koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| kintu humbuja zramaNa bhakti saMgraha meM isakI vidhi dI gaI hai, jo isa prakAra hai 227 kSullaka dIkSA ke yogya nakSatroM meM yathAyogya alaMkAroM se aMlakRta kara use caityAlaya meM laaeN| tadanantara arihaMta deva ko vaMdanakara vaha sabhI ke sAtha kSamApanA kare tathA guru ke Age dIkSA kI yAcanA kre| dIkSA kI anujJA milane para saubhAgyavatI strI vidhipUrvaka svastika kara usake Upara zveta vastra pracchAdita kre| usa para mumukSu ko baiThAkara guru vidhipUrvaka loca kare / loca ke pUrvaka guru 463 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-aThArahavA~, pR. 72, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. ** sAgAra dharmAmRta, anu. AryikA supArzvamati jI, adhyAya- sAtavA~, pR. 368, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI siddha, yogI, zAMti bhakti Adi kA pATha karake maMtrapUrvaka bhAvI kSullaka ke sira para gaMdhodaka vagairaha DAlane kI kriyA karate hai / tatpazcAt use kSullakavrata grahaNa kA pATha tIna bAra uccArita karavAyA jAtA hai| isa pATha meM use zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA hI uccAraNa karavAyA jAtA hai / tadanantara use maMtrapUrvaka saMyamAdi upakaraNa pradAna kie jAte haiN| 465 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra zrAvaka ko isa saMskAra meM avadhi vizeSa hetu do karaNa evaM tIna yoga se mahAvratoM evaM rAtribhojana tyAga karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara- paramparA meM ina vratoM kA pRthak se grahaNa nahIM karavAyA jAtA hai| vahA~ zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM ke grahaNa karane kA hI ullekha milatA hai| 466 228 _467 kSullakatva - dIkSA ke pazcAt kSullaka ko jina niyamoM ke paripAlanArtha upadeza diyA jAtA hai, vardhamAnasUri ne unakA bhI varNana kiyA hai| kSullaka kisa prakAra se vicaraNa kare, kisa prakAra se tathA kaise AhAra ko grahaNa kare, ityAdi / isa prakAra ke vyavahArika jJAna kA saMkSipta vivecana AcAradinakara meM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA ke sAgAradharmAmRta grantha meM isakA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaise - kSullaka (utkRSTa zrAvaka) jantuoM ko bAdhA nahIM utpanna karane vAle-aise komala vastrAdi dvArA mArjanAdi kare, cAroM parva meM aSTamI, caturdazI ke dina cAra prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAgarUpa upavAsa kre| jaise muni picchI rakhate haiM, usase jIvoM kI virAdhanA kA bacAva hotA hai, usI prakAra kSullaka baiThate samaya, sote samaya yA pustakAdi ke uThAte - rakhate samaya mRdu vastra se jIvoM kI rakSA kre| isI prakAra kSullaka kisa prakAra se kaise evaM kina AcAroM kA pAlana karate hue bhikSA grahaNa kare / isakA bhI usameM vistRta ullekha milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vartamAna meM kSullaka mora kI picchI rakhate haiM, kintu paM. AzAdhara ne isake sthAna para vastra se hI pramArjana karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra kSullaka vratAropaNa saMskAra ko chor3akara gRhastha ke zeSa saMskAra karavA sakatA hai, sAtha hI vaha zAntika- pauSTikakarma evaM pratiSThA Adi kriyAe~ bhI karavA sakatA hai| kintu digambara - paramparA meM kSullaka ko yaha saba karane kI anujJA nahIM hotI hai| usameM to ye saba kriyAe~ prAyaH jaina brAhmaNoM dvArA karavAI jAtI hai| kSullaka kA ina kriyAoM se koI sambandha nahIM hotA hai / 465 humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR. 467 - 468, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jayapura. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-aThArahavA~, pR. 73, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. sAgAra dharmAmRta, anu. AryikA supArzvamati jI, adhyAya-sAtavA~, pR. 368, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1665. 466 467

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana _468 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra " kSullaka guru kI AjJA se muni kI taraha dharmopadeza dete hue tIna varSa kI avadhi taka vicaraNa karatA hai tathA saMyama kI yathAvat paripAlanA karane para tIna varSa pazcAt dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai, kintu yadi vaha vratoM kA samyak prakAra se paripAlana nahIM kara pAtA hai, to vaha punaH gRhasthajIvana ko svIkAra kara sakatA hai| digambara - paramparA meM kSullaka dIkSA AjIvana hetu hI hotI hai, ataH usameM use punaH gRhastha hone kI koI anumati nahIM hai| upasaMhAra tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke pazcAt jaba hama isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA evaM AvazyakatA ko lekara samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karate haiM, to hamAre sAmane kaI mahatvapUrNa tathya upasthita hote hai| vardhamAnasUri ne svayaM apanI kRti meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki "yati AcAra atyanta duSkara hai|" yaha kSullaka dIkSA - saMskAra vastutaH munijIvana grahaNa karane kI pUrva bhUmikArUpa hai| tIna varSa kI prAthamika prazikSaNa avadhi meM usase ina paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karavAkara use vratoM meM sthira kiyA jAtA hai, tAki vaha pravrajyA evaM upasthApanA ke pazcAt bhI unakA samyak rUpa se paripAlana kara sake, kyoMki pUrva prazikSaNa ke binA hI yadi use sIdhA mahAvratoM kA AropaNa kara diyA jAe aura vaha unakA samyak paripAlana na kare yA gRhIta niyama kA tyAga kara de, to vaha usake lie tathA jinazAsana ke lie apayaza kA kAraNa banatA hai / vardhamAnasUri ne bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra karate hue vyavahAra paramArtha prakaraNa meM kahA ki sAdhaka yadi dIkSA grahaNa karake una vratoM kA AcaraNa na kare, to vaha usake lie pApakArI evaM apayaza ko pradAna karane vAlA hotA hai, ataH kSullakavrata meM munidIkSA pAlana karane kI usakI yogyatA kA parIkSaNa kiyA jAtA haiN| 466 229 vartamAna pariprekSya meM yaha saMskAra atyanta mahattpUrNa hai| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki sAdhaka ko binA pUrva prazikSaNa ke yU~ hI dIkSA de dI jAtI hai| sAtha meM rakhakara usakA parIkSaNa bhI nahIM kiyA jAtA, jisakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki kitane hI sAdhaka bhAvAveza meM binA soce-samajhe, binA kisI pUrva prazikSaNa ke dIkSA to le lete haiM, kintu bAda meM unakA samyak prakAra se nirvAha na karane ke kAraNa una vratoM kI avahelanA karate haiM yA unakA tyAga kara dete hai, jisase samAja meM unakA to apayaza hotA hI hai, sAtha hI deva guru evaM dharmarUpa jinazAsana bhI kaMlakita hotA hai| *68 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-aThArahavA~, pR. 72, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 466 'AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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230 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI isa prakAra vardhamAnasUri dvArA nirdiSTa yaha saMskAra sAdhaka ko mahAvratoM meM sthira rahane hetu atyanta upayogI hai| pravrajyA saMskAra vidhi pravrajyAvidhi kA svarUpa pravrajyA zabda kA tAtparya saMnyAsa grahaNa karane se hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka ko yAvat jIvana hetu sAmAyikavrata ke pAlana kI pratijJA karavAI jAtI hai| haribhadrasUri ke anusAra 70 vairAgya kI uttama bhUmikA ko prApta hokara mumukSu vyakti jaba apane saba sambandhiyoM se kSamAyAcanA kara guru kI zaraNa meM jAkara, sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga kara detA hai aura jJAtA-dRSTAbhAva meM rahakara samabhAva kI sAdhanA karane kI pratijJA karatA hai, to ise jinadIkSA yA pravrajyA kahate haiN| dIkSA muNDanasaMskAra ko bhI kahate haiM, kintu vaha muNDana citta kA hotA haiM- aisA jAnanA caahie| cittamuNDana se tAtparya hai- mithyAtva, krodha Adi doSoM ko dUra karanA, kyoMki caMcala cittavAlA vyakti dIkSA kA adhikArI nahIM hotA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM ise choTI dIkSA bhI kahate hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra kSullakatva ke bAda sAdhaka ko isa saMskAra se saMskArita kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| vahA~ ise dIkSAdya nAmaka kriyA ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki digambara-paramparA meM gRhatyAga evaM dIkSAdya- ina donoM ko pRthak-pRthaka kriyA mAnA hai, kintu vardhamAnasUri dvArA varNita saMskAra meM donoM hI kriyAoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI saMnyAsa-grahaNa kA vidhAna hai, kintu vahA~ ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA hai, kyoMki vaidika-paramparA pravRti-pradhAna hone se gRhasthajIvana ko hI mahatva detI hai| isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparAoM meM yaha vidhi kI jAtI hai| vardhamAnasari ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana sAdhaka ko sAvadha vyApAra se virata karanA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti yAvat jIvana uccakoTi kI samabhAva kI sAdhanA kara sakatA hai, pApakArI pravRttiyoM se virAma le sakatA hai, kyoMki jaba taka vyakti isa saMskAra se saMskArita nahIM hotA hai, taba taka usakI sAMsArika pravRttiyA~ kriyAzIla hI rahatI hai| jJAniyoM ne ina sAMsArika 470 paMcAzaka prakaraNa, anu- DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, adhyAya-2, pR.-21 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1667. 47' AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgAra mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___231 pravRttiyoM ko kAraNa kA kArya meM upacAra karake pApakArI kahA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI pravrajyA kA vidhAna isI uddezya se kiyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM, yaha saMskAra kisa samaya kiyA jAnA cAhie, isa sambandha meM koI nirdeza nahIM diyA hai, kintu jinezvaroM ne pravrajyAyogya jIvoM kA dravyaliMga dhAraNa karane ke lie Ayu-pramANa jaghanyataH ATha varSa evaM utkR STataH atyanta vRddha na ho, taba taka kA kahA hai|72 digambara-paramparA meM bhI sAmAnyataH isI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA me saMnyAsa grahaNa karane hetu aneka mata milate hai| jaise73- manu ke anusAra vedAdhyayana, santAnotpatti evaM yajJoM ke uparAMta hI mokSa kI cintA karanI caahie| baudhAyana dharmasUtra evaM vaikhAnasa dharmasUtra ke anusAra vaha gRhastha jise santAna na ho, jisakI patnI mara gaI ho, yA jisake lar3ake ThIka se dharma-mArga meM laga gae hoM, yA jo 70 varSa se adhika kA ho cukA hai, vaha saMnyAsI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparAoM meM pravrajyAgrahaNa apane-apane matAnusAra kiyA jAtA hai| saMskAra kA kartA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra nirgranthamuni (yatiguru) dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM bhI zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra nirgrantha muniyoM dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra muniyoM dvArA aura unake abhAva meM bhaTTArakoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kisake dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai- isa sambandha meM hameM koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI haipravrajyA-vidhi isa vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama dIkSA ke ayogya vyaktiyoM ko dIkSA pradAna karane kA niSedha karate hue dIkSA ke ayogya vyaktiyoM kI sUcI dI hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra aThAraha prakAra ke puruSa, bIsa prakAra kI striyA~, dasa prakAra ke napuMsaka tathA vikalAMga vyakti pravrajyA ke ayogya hote hai| mUla grantha meM isakI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| tadanantara pravrajyA ke yogya vyakti meM anya kina-kina lakSaNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai, isakI carcA kI gaI hai| tatpazcAt yaha 472 paMcavastu, anu. AcArya rAjazekhara sUri jI, dvAra-prathama, pR.-30, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe, dvitIya ___ AvRtti. 473 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmaNa kANe, adhyAya-28, pR.-461, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI batAyA gayA hai ki AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka tathA vAcanAcArya yA gItArtha zreSTha sAdhu dIkSA dene ke adhikArI haiM, anya nhiiN| 232 dIkSAvidhi kA prArambha karane se pUrva sarvaprathama nakSatra, vAra, lagna Adi kA vicAra kre| tadanantara zubhalagna meM dIkSA ke pUrva pauSTikakarma kareM aura mahAdAna deN| vadhU ko chor3akara dIkSA kI sampUrNa vidhi vivAha ke samAna hI hotI hai / tadanantara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki upanayana se upanIta tathA jinhoMne gRhasthadharma, brahmacaryavrata evaM kSullakatva kA pAlana kiyA hai- aise brAhmaNa, kSatriya athavA vaizya isa vrata ke yogya hote haiN| isI prakAra ke dvijoM ke samAna AcaraNa karane vAlA zUdra bhI dIkSA ke yogya ho sakatA hai, kintu dIkSA se pUrva zUdra ko sarvaprathama upanIta kiyA jAtA hai, tatpazcAt use dIkSA pradAna kI jAtI hai| dIkSAvidhi kA prArambha karane hetu sarvaprathama guru ke upAzraya meM vedikA kI racanA kara samavasaraNa kI sthApanA kare tathA samavasaraNa meM sthita arahaMta paramAtmA kI pUjA kreN| tatpazcAt dIkSArthI svajanoM ke sAtha RddhipUrvaka caitya meM arihaMta paramAtmA kI pUjA karake punaH guru ke upAzraya meM aae| tatpazcAt dIkSArthI svayaM vastrAlaMkAra Adi utArakara sira ke kezoM kA loca yA muNDana karavAkara sira para zikhA mAtra rakheM aura apane parivArajanoM ke sAtha guru ke pAsa jAe / tatpazcAt dIkSArthI samavasaraNa ko tIna pradakSiNA de / tatpazcAt parijanoM kI anumatipUrvaka aura dIkSArthI dvArA kramazaH samyaktvasAmAyika, zrutasAmAyika, dezaviratisAmAyika evaM sarvaviratisAmAyika AropaNa karane kI yAcanA karane para inheM pradAna karane kA krama calatA hai| isa krama se guru ziSya ko vAsakSepa pradAna karate haiM tathA devavaMdana evaM zrutadevatA Adi ke ArAdhanArtha kAyotsarga evaM stuti karavAte hai / tadanantara ziSya guru ko vinayapUrvaka veza pradAna karane hetu nivedana karatA hai tathA guru usa nivedana ko svIkAra kara use vidhipUrvaka muniveza pradAna karate hai| ziSya ahobhAvapUrvaka usa veza ko grahaNa karake IzAna koNa meM jAkara use dhAraNa kare tathA punaH guru ke samIpa Akara zikhA ke kezoM ke loca karane hetu prArthanA kre| guru zikhA kA loca karake dIkSArthI ko samyaktva sAmAyika, zrutasAmAyika, dezaviratisAmAyika evaM sarvaviratisAmAyika kA AropaNa kraae| guru dIkSArthI ko uparyukta sAmAyikoM kA AropaNa kisa prakAra se karAe? isakA bhI mUla grantha meM vistRta varNana huA hai| dIkSA ke dina guru dIkSArthI ko Ayambila kA pratyAkhyAna kraae| tadanantara guru ziSya kA saptazuddhiyoM se yukta nAmakaraNa kre| nAmakaraNa ke pazcAt saMgha dIkSArthI ke sira para akSata evaM munijana vAsakSepa prakSipta kreN| tatpazcAt ziSya samavasaraNa evaM guru kI pradakSiNA karake guru ko aura anya sAdhuoM ko unake dIkSAparyAya ke kramapUrvaka vaMdana kre| tadanantara sAdhvIgaNa tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ evaM kSullakoM ke AcAra kA

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vivecana kreN| tatpazcAt guru dezanA de tathA sAdhuoM evaM kSullakoM ke AcAra kA vivecana kare / kSullakAcAra kA vivecana karate hue mUla grantha meM dazavaikAlikasUtra ke kSullakAcAra nAmaka adhyayana ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| isa pravrajyAvidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA kie AcAradinakara ke dvitIya vibhAga ke unnIsaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| anta meM jinakalpiyoM kI dIkSAvidhi ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki jinakalpI muNDana ke sthAna para svayaM saMpUrNa kezoM kA loca karate hai / veza grahaNa meM mAtra tRNa kA eka vastra dhAraNa karate haiM tathA camarI gAya kI pUMcha kA yA morapaMkhoM se nirmita rajoharaNa ( pratilekhanArtha ) grahaNa karate hai| zeSa upasthApanAyoga kA udvahana Adi saba kArya sthavira muniyoM ke sadRza hI karate hai, kintu saMghaTTadAna, saMghaTTapratikramaNa gRhastha ke ghara meM karate hai tathA pANipAtra, arthAt svayaM kI aMjali meM hI bhojana karate hai / tulanAtmaka vivecana 474 AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra kI vidhi meM Agama evaM anya matoM kA sandarbha dete hue dIkSA ke ayogya vyaktiyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| AgamoM evaM Agamika vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta bhI munidIkSA ke ayogya vyakti kI sUcI zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka granthoM meM milatI hai, jaise- pravacanasAroddhAra Adi / vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra vahI vyakti pravrajyA kA adhikArI hai, jisane gRhasthadharma, brahmacarya aura kSullakatva kI samyak prakAra se ArAdhanA kI ho / haribhadrasUri ne paMcavastu evaM paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM ise kucha alaga DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| unake anusAra Aryadeza meM udbhava, jAti- kula meM vizuddha laghukarmI, vimalabuddhi, saMsAra kI asAratA ko jAnane vAlA, saMsAra se virakta, pratanukaSAya, alpahAsya, sukRtajJa, vinIta, rAjAdi kA avirodhI nirdoSa aMgavAlA, zraddhAlu, sthira mana vAlA, samupasampanna Adi guNoM se yukta vyakti pravrajyA ke yogya hotA hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA ke anya granthoM meM bhI isakA vistAra se varNana 476 - 475 233 474 pravacanasAroddhAra, anu. hemaprabhAzrIjI, dvAra- 107 se 110, pR. 433 se 440, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1666. 475 paMcavastu, anu. AcArya rAjazekharasUrijI adhyAya- prathama, pR. 23 se 24, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe, dvitIya saMskaraNa 476 paMcAzakaprakaraNa, anu.- DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, adhyAya- 2, pR. 22 se 23, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1667.

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234 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI milatA hai| digambara-paramparA77 meM dIkSA ke adhikArI kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sAdhujIvana atyanta pavitra jIvana hotA hai, ataH bAla, vRddha, napuMsaka, rogI, aMgahIna, Darapoka, buddhihIna, DAkU, rAjazatru, pAgala, andha, dAsa, dhUrta, mUr3ha, karjadAra, bhAge hue evaM garbhiNI, prasUtA ko munidIkSA nahIM denI caahie| yahA~ garbhiNI, prasUtA Adi ke ullekha yaha siddha karate haiM ki striyoM ko dIkSA dete samaya isa bAta kA vicAra kiyA jAtA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara-paramparA me cAroM vargoM ke vyakti zramaNa ho sakate haiM, kintu digambara-paramparA meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya ko hI dIkSA ke yogya mAnA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM cAroM vargoM ke loga saMnyAsa dhAraNa kara sakate haiM yA kevala brAhmaNa hI dIkSA ke yogya hai? isa prazna ke pratyuttara meM gaharA matabheda hai| kucha vidvAna cAroM hI vargoM ke logoM ko saMnyAsa ke yogya mAnate hai| isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA dharmazAstra ke itihAsa grantha78 meM kI gaI hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ke dIkSA ke adhikArI kA varNana karane ke pazcAt dIkSA dene ke adhikArI, arthAt dIkSA pradAtA ke sambandha meM bhI vicAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra AcArya evaM AcArya kI anupasthiti meM upAdhyAya Adi dIkSA dene ke adhikArI hai| yahA~ vardhamAnasUri ne dIkSApradAtA ke yogya lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA hai| paMcavastuka nAmaka grantha ke pravrajyAvidhAna prakaraNa meM dIkSA pradAtA kI yogyatA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| yogya guru ke hone se kyA-kyA lAbha hote haiM, usakA bhI bahuta sundara vivecana milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa prakAra kI carcA hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AIM AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasari ne dIkSAvidhi evaM usase pUrva karaNIya kAryoM kA bahuta vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| jaise80 dIkSA se pUrva zubha lagna meM pauSTika karma kare, mahAdAna deN| sabhI dharmoM va darzanoM ke anuyAyI yAcakoM ko saMtuSTa kareM, ityaadi| dIkSA ke samaya yadi sAdhaka zUdravarNa kA ho, to use upanayana Adi kI vidhi se saMskArita kreN| tatpazcAt dIkSArthI mahat ADambarapUrvaka svajanoM ke sAtha caitya meM paramAtmA kI pUjA karake guru ke upAzraya aae| phira svayaM vastrAbharaNa utArakara sira ke kezoM kA loca kare yA muNDana karavAkara sira para zikhAmAtra 477 aNagAradharmAmRta, anu. kailAzacandra zAstrI, adhyAya-6, pR-663, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa 1677 478 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmaNa kANe, adhyAya-28, pR.-416 se 417, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980. 476 paMcavastuka, anu.- AcArya rAjazekharasUri, dvAra-prathama, pR.-13 se 17, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe, dvitIya saMskaraNa. 49deg AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-unnIsavA~, pR.-76, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 235 rakhe, ityaadi| isI prakAra anya mahatvapUrNa bAtoM kA nirdeza granthakAra ne apanI kR ti meM kiyA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AgamoM evaM vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI anya granthoM jaise antakRtadazAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, paMcavastu, paMcAzaka prakaraNa, nirvANakalikA, vidhimArgaprapA, subodhAsAmAcArI, sAmAcArI meM bhI pravrajyAvidhi kA varNana milatA hai| digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM dIkSA-vidhi kA saMkSipta ullekha milatA hai, kintu dIkSAdya kriyA vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| humbuja zramaNa bhakti saMgraha meM pravrajyAvidhi kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| vahA~ dIkSAvidhi kA nirUpaNa karate hue sarvaprathama munidIkSA, AryikAdIkSA Adi ke yogya-ayogya nakSatroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| laghudIkSAvidhi meM sarvaprathama siddhabhakti, yogabhakti karake usakA kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| tadanantara locakaraNa, nAmakaraNa, nAgnyapradAna evaM picchikA pradAna kI kriyA hotI hai| locakriyA karane se pUrva siddhabhakti evaM yoga bhakti kA pATha kara usakA kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai tathA loca kriyA ke bAda siddha bhakti kara usakA kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| dIkSA ke samaya mumukSu ko muni ke aTThAIsa guNoM kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isake antargata paMcamahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, paMca indriyanirodha, kSitizayana, adaMtadhAvana, khar3e hokara bhojana karanA, kezaloca, acelatA, SaTAvazyaka, asnAna, eka samaya bhojana karanA Ate hai|' vaidika-paramparA meM isakI kriyAvidhi kA ullekha baudhAyanagRhyazeSasUtra, baudhAyanadharmasUtra Adi meM bahuta vistAra se milatA hai82, kintu vardhamAnasUri ne jisa prakAra kI kriyAvidhi nirdiSTa kI hai, vaha vidhi usase kucha alaga hai| vistArabhaya se hama usakI carcA nahIM kara rahe haiN| AcAradinakara ke anusAra sAmAyikavratAropaNa ke pazcAt guru ziSya kA nAmakaraNa karate hai| vaha nAma kaisA tathA kitanI vizuddhiyoM se yukta ho, isakA bhI vardhamAnasUri ne varNana kiyA hai| vidhimArgaprapA 83 Adi meM bhI nAma kI zuddhi ke sambandha meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa grantha meM hameM isa prakAra ke ullekha nahIM milate hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI saMnyAsa ke bAda navIna nAmakaraNa karane kA ullekha prAyaH nahIM milatA hai| k' humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR.-488-90, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura. 582 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga) DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmaNa kANe, adhyAya-28, pR.-502, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1980. 483 vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa-16, pR.-35, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa(punarmudraNa) 2000.

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236 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI dIkSA ke pazcAt ziSya ko, arthAt sAdhakamuni ko kisa prakAra se apane AcAra kA pAlana karanA cAhie, isakA vivecana karate hue granthakAra ne dazavaikAlika ke kSullakAcAra kA upadeza dene kA nirdeza kiyA hai| paMcavastu84 meM bhI isa prasaMga kA varNana bahuta hI vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM dIkSAdyakriyA ke bAda upadeza dene kA ullekha to hameM nahIM milatA, kintu digambara-paramparA meM bhI dIkSAdyakriyA ke bAda sAdhaka ko dharma meM sthira karane hetu upadeza dene kA vidhAna hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI saMnyAsI ko kisa taraha se rahanA cAhie, ina sabakA ullekha milatA hai| pravrajyAsaMskAra ke anta meM vardhamAnasari ne prasaMgavaza jinakalpiyoM kI dIkSA vidhi kA bhI saMkSepa meM vivecana kiyA hai, jo digambaroM kI munidIkSA ke samAna pratIta hotI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tInoM paramparAoM meM pravrajyAvidhi sambandhI kucha bAteM paraspara samAna haiM tathA kucha bAteM asamAna hai| jaina-paramparA meM pravrajyAvidhi ke pazcAt sAvadyakArI pravRttiyoM kA pUrNa niSedha ho jAtA hai, kintu vaidika-paramparA meM ina kriyAoM kA pUrNa niSedha nahIM hotA hai, mAtra AMzika niSedha hI hotA hai| jaise- jaina-paramparA meM muni ko zaucakarma karane kA niSedha hai, kintu vaidika-paramparA meM saMnyAsiyoM ko bhI gRhastha ke samAna hI krama se tIna evaM cAra bAra zaucakarma (zarIrazuddhi) karane kA nirdeza hai| upasaMhAra isa tulanAtmaka vivecana ke pazcAt isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA evaM upAdeyatA ke sambandha meM samIkSAtmaka vivecana karanA Avazyaka hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra sAmAyika ke saMgraha ke rUpa meM hai| sAmAyika kA tAtparya hai- rAgadveSa ke tyAgarUpa saamy-bhaav| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti samatA kI sAdhanA karatA hai| vikaTa paristhitiyoM ke Ane para bhI usake mana meM kisI prakAra kA udvega nahIM hotA hai, anukUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI kisI ke prati rAga tathA pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM kisI ke prati dveSa nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra vaha sAdhaka 584 paMcavastu, anu. AcArya rAjazekharasUrijI, dvAra-prathama, pR.-75 se 76 arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe, dvitIya saMskaraNa * dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (prathama bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmaNa kANe, adhyAya-28, pR.-461-465, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. 46 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 237 pratikSaNa apanI AtmA meM lIna rahakara svayaM kA tathA upadeza dekara para kA kalyANa kara sakatA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM AtmotthAna hetu yaha saMskAra paramAvazyaka haiM, kyoMki vyakti karmoM kA bandha samatA ke abhAva meM hI karatA hai| vyakti meM jaise hI isa guNa kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai, vaise hI karmoM kI nirjarA hone lagatI hai tathA sAdhaka AtmAnaMda kI anubhUti karane lagatA hai| Agama ke anusAra isa dIkSA-vidhAna kA cintana karane se vyakti sakRtbandhaka evaM apunarbandhaka rUpa kadAgraha kA zIghra hI tyAga karatA hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti samatA kI sAdhanA karake apane AtmasvabhAva kI prApti karatA hai, jo pratyeka AtmA kA parama lakSya hai| isa prakAra sarvaviratirUpa cAritra ke prApta hone para vaha bhUtakAla meM Acarita mithyAcAroM kI niMdA karake, vartamAna meM una AcAroM kA sevana nahIM karake aura bhaviSya meM una AcAroM kA pratyAkhyAna karake, jIva uttarottara vikAsa ko prApta hotA huA jIvanmukti kA anubhava karake, anta meM sabhI karmoM se mukta hokara mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| upasthApana-vidhi upasthApana vidhi kA svarUpa upasthApana zabda kA tAtparya hai- AtmA ke nikaTa upasthita rahanA yA AtmA meM ramaNa krnaa| isa saMskAra kA sampUrNa nAma chedopasthApanIya cAritra hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki isameM pUrva dIkSAparyAya kA cheda karake navIna mahAvratAropaNa rUpa dIkSA pradAna kI jAtI hai| paramparAgata dRSTi se ise bar3I dIkSA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka ko paMcamahAvratoM evaM chaThaveM rAtribhojana-tyAgavata kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se pUrva sAdhaka sAvadha vyApAroM kA tyAga karatA hai aura sAmAyika cAritra grahaNa karatA hai| isa saMskAra dvArA hI use mahAvratoM ke pAlana kI pratijJA karavAI jAtI hai| paramparAgata mAnyatA yaha hai ki bhagavAna AdinAtha evaM mahAvIra svAmI ke ziSyoM ko sAmAyikacAritra ke bAda paMcamahAvratoM ke pratyAropaNarUpa chedopasthApanIyacAritra grahaNa karavAyA jAtA thA, vahI paramparA Aja bhI pracalita hai| zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSyoM ko mAtra sAmAyikavrata kA hI AropaNa karavAyA jAtA thaa| prathama aura 1 paMcAzaka prakaraNa, anu.- DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, adhyAya-2 pR.-35 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1667.

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238 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI antima tIrthakara ne hI paMcamahAvratarUpa paMcayAma kA upadeza diyA, jabaki zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ne cAturyAmadharma kA upadeza diyaa| digambara-paramparA meM bhI yahI avadhAraNA hai| aNagAra dharmAmRta' ke anusAra- "jaba koI muni dIkSA letA hai, to vaha nirvikalpa sAmAyika-saMyama para hI ArUr3ha hotA hai, kintu abhyAsa na hone se jaba usase cyuta hotA hai, taba vaha bhedarUpa vratoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura vaha chedopasthApaka kahalAtA hai, lekina paNDita AzAdhara jI kI yaha mAnyatA Agamokta nahIM hai, kyoMki unake kAla meM digambara-paramparA meM sAmAnyataH muni-paramparA vicchinna ho gaI thI aura bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA prAdurbhAva ho gayA thaa| isIlie mahAvIra ke zAsana meM dvividhacAritra, arthAt sAmAyikacAritra evaM chedopasthApanIyacAritra kI jo vyavasthA thI, use ve samajha nahIM paae| prAcIna paramparA meM kisI dIkSArthI ko sarvaprathama sAmAyikacAritra pradAna kiyA jAtA thA aura jaba vaha usakI sAdhanA meM paripakva ho jAtA thA tathA aMhisA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM parigraha-viramaNa vrata ko pUrNataH pAlana karane meM tatpara hotA thA, to use chedopasthApanIyacAritra pradAna kiyA jAtA thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM cAritra grahaNa ke ye donoM bheda surakSita rahe tathA vardhamAnasUri ne bhI pravrajyA evaM upasthApana ke rUpa meM ina donoM cAritroM ke grahaNa karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM kI isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM apanI-apanI avadhAraNA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra kA koI saMskAra hameM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana dIkSita muni ko paMcamahAvrata evaM chaThaveM rAtribhojana-viramaNavrata ke pAlana kI pratijJA grahaNa karavAnA hai| chedopasthApanIyacAritra grahaNa karane para hI vaha muni saMgha kA sadasya banatA hai| isake bAda hI use sAdhuoM kI saptamaNDalI meM praveza diyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI jinarUpatA nAmaka kriyA ke rUpa meM yaha saMskAra karavAyA jAtA hai| humbuja zramaNabhakti saMgraha meM ise bRhaddIkSA vidhi ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra kisa muhUrta Adi meM kareM, isakA to ullekha AcAradinakara meM milatA hai, kintu yaha saMskAra kisa vaya meM kiyA jAnA cAhie, isa sambandha meM koI vizeSa ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vyavahArasUtra meM isakA vistRta vivecana hai| prathama evaM antima tIrthaMkara ke zAsana meM bhikSuoM ko sAmAyikacAritrarUpa dIkSA dene * aNagAradharmAmRta, anu.-kailAzacandra zAstrI, adhyAya-6, pR.-663, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa 1677. xc6 AdipurANa anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-265-266, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 239 ke bAda chedopasthApanIyarUpa bar3I dIkSA dI jAtI hai| usakI jaghanyakAla-maryAdA sAta ahorAtra kI madhyamakAla maryAdA cAra mAsa kI evaM utkRSTakAla-maryAdA chaha mAsa kI kahI gaI hai|6deg kAla vizeSa meM yaha kAlamaryAdA bar3hAI bhI jA sakatI hai| yadi chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA artha jinakalpa kI dIkSA mAnA jAe, to usake lie 18 varSa kI dIkSAparyAya aura 30 varSa kI Ayu Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| navadIkSita sAdhu sAta rAtri ke bAda kalpAka (baDI dIkSA ke yogya) kahA jAtA hai aura guNa kI apekSA AvazyakasUtra sampUrNa artha evaM vidhisahita kaMThastha kara lene para, 'jIvAdi kA evaM paMca samitiyoM kA jJAna kara lene para', dazavaikAlikasUtra ke cAra adhyayana kI arthasahita vAcanA lekara kaMThastha kara lene para evaM pratilekhana Adi dainika kriyAoM kA abhyAsa kara lene para kalpAka, arthAt chedopasthApanIya cAritra ke yogya kahA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANagrantha meM isa prakAra kA koI nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| humbuja zramaNabhakti saMgraha meM ise bRhaddIkSA vidhi ke madhya itanA ullekha avazya milatA hai, ki laghudIkSA ke bAda usI pakSa meM yA dUsare pakSa meM zubhamuhUrta meM mahAvratAropaNa kI kriyA kI jAtI hai| saMskAra kA karttA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yati saMbaMdhI saMskAra nirgrantha guru dvArA karavAe jAte hai, kintu nirgrantha guru meM to AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi padavIdhara bhI A sakate haiM tathA sAmAnya muni bhii| graMthakAra ne jisa prakAra isase pUrva ke saMskAra meM vidhi karAne vAle guru ke sambandha meM nirdeza diyA hai, usa prakAra kA nirdeza graMthakAra ne isa saMskAra meM nahIM kiyA hai| sAmAnyataH yaha saMskAra bhI gaccha kI sAmAcArI ke anusAra AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM yaha saMskAra AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi padavIdhArI muni yA bIsa varSa ke saMyamaparyAya vAle muni dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA 92 meM yaha saMskAra yogya AcaraNa vAle munirAjoM dvArA karavAne kA ullekha milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI hai vyavahArasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra-10/17, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662. " humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR.-466, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura. 462 AdipurANa, jinasenAcArya, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-unacAlIsavA~ pR.-276, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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240 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI upasthApanA-vidhi upasthApanA-vidhi hetu sarvaprathama naMdI vidhi sahita AvazyakasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra ke yogodvahana kraaeN| maNDalIpraveza evaM yogodvahana ke madhya dazavakAlika ke tIna adhyayana ke tIna Ayambila hone para hI naMdI evaM upasthApanAvidhi kreN| upasthApanAvidhi meM sarvaprathama muhUrta sambandhI nirdeza die gae hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ziSya ke lie vastra saMstAraka Adi muniveza sambandhita sabhI upakaraNa nae hone caahie| upasthApanA kI vidhi ke lie caitya meM yA upAzraya meM samavasaraNa kI sthApanA kreN| tadanantara guru ziSya ko tIna bAra parameSThImaMtra kA uccAraNa karavAkara samavasaraNa kI tIna pradakSiNA krvaae| tatpazcAt guru vAsakSepa ko abhimaMtrita kre| isake bAda ziSya mahAvratoM ke AropaNArtha evaM naMdIkriyA karane hetu vAsakSepa evaM caityavaMdana karavAne ke lie nivedana kre| tatpazcAt guru ziSya ko vAsakSepa karake caityavaMdana vagairaha karavAe tathA tIna bAra naMdIsUtra kA pATha sunaae| mUlagrantha meM naMdIsUtra kA pATha bhI diyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt guru evaM ziSya mahAvrata ke AropaNArtha kAyotsarga kre| tadanantara ziSya viziSTa mudrA ko dhAraNa karake kramazaH pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM chaThaveM rAtribhojana-parityAgavata kA tIna-tIna bAra uccAraNa kre| ziSya kisa pATha ke mAdhyama se ina vratoM kA grahaNa kare, isakA mUlagrantha meM vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt lagnavelA ke Ane para ziSya punaH kahe "isa prakAra maineM pA~ca mahAvratoM aura chaThaveM rAtribhojana-viramaNavrata ko Atmahita ke lie aMgIkAra karake upasampadA grahaNa kI hai|" phira guru punaH vAsakSepa evaM akSata abhimaMtrita karake kramazaH sAdhuoM evaM zrAvakoM ko de| tadanantara khamAsamaNAsUtrapUrvaka vaMdana karane ke pazcAt muni saMgha ziSya ke sira para vAsakSepa evaM zrAvakavarga akSata nikSipta kreN| tatpazcAt ziSya mahAvratoM ke sthirIkaraNa hetu kAyotsarga kare, phira dIkSAparyAya ke krama se sAdhuoM ko vandana kre| phira ziSya ke nAmakaraNa kI vidhi kreN| upasthApanA ke dina ziSya Ayambila kare tathA usake bAda bhI cAra Ayambila kre| __vidhi ke anta meM saptamaNDalI kA nAmollekha karate hue ina saptamaNDaliyoM meM praveza pAne hetu sAta Ayambila kie jAte haiM- aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI vidhi meM Avazyaka evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra kA adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai| alpabuddhi vAle ziSya kI bhI dazavaikAlika ke cAra adhyayanoM ke binA upasthApanA nahIM hotI hai- aisA ullekha mUla grantha meM hai| etadartha vistRta jAnakArI

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga meM bIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra svayaMbuddha arihaMta paramAtmA sAmAyikacAritra ko svIkAra karake yatidharma kI pravrajyA grahaNa karate hai| ve buddhabodhita nahIM hote haiM tathA paMcamahAvrata uccAraNarUpa chedopasthApanIyacAritra bhI grahaNa nahIM karate haiN| ' isa bAta kI puSTi Agama granthoM se bhI hotI hai| digambara - paramparA meM sAmAnyataH yahI avadhAraNA milatI hai| 463 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa saMskAra meM naMdIvidhi sahita AvazyakasUtra evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra ke yogodvahana karavAe jAte hai| maNDalIpraveza yogodvahana ke madhya dazavaikAlikasUtra ke tIna adhyayana ke tIna Ayambila hone para naMdI evaM upasthApanA kI vidhi kI jAtI hai| digambara - paramparA meM isa prakAra kI kriyA prAyaH dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| digambara- paramparA meM jinarUpa nAmaka kriyA kI vidhi AMzika rUpa se vardhamAnasUri varNita pravrajyAvidhi se milatI hai| yahA~ mAtra itanA antara hai ki zvetAmbara - paramparA meM pravrajyAvidhi ke samaya sarvaviratirUpa sAmAyikacAritra kA hI grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai, kintu digambara - paramparA meM jinarUpa nAmaka kriyA meM sarvaviratisAmAyika ke atirikta pAMca mahAvrata Adi kA bhI grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara - paramparA meM jinarUpa nAmaka kriyA meM hI sAdhaka ko paMcamahAvratoM kA AropaNa karavAyA jAtA hai, isalie isa kriyA kI tulanA hamane vardhamAnasUri dvArA nirdiSTa upasthApanA nAmaka saMskAra se kI hai| digambara - paramparA ke humbuja zramaNabhakti saMgraha * meM isI vidhi ko bRhad dIkSAvidhi ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| isa vidhi ke anusAra dIkSA ke pUrvadina bhojana ke samaya bhojana Adi ke tiraskAra kI vidhi kre| phira AhAra karake caityAlaya meM Ae / tadanantara vratapratyAravyAna-pratiSThApana ke nimitta siddhabhakti aura yogibhakti kA pATha kare tathA guru ke samIpa upavAsa kA pratyAkhyAna kre| phira AcAryabhakti, zAnti evaM samAdhi bhakti kA pATha karake guru ko pramANa kre| dIkSAdAna ke avasara para dIkSAdAtA yathAzakti zAMtikarma evaM gaNadharavalaya kA pUjana kre| phira dIkSAdAtA dIkSita hone vAle ko snAnAdi karavAkara yathAyogya alaMkAra se yukta karake mahAmahotsava pUrvaka caitya meM le jaae| vahA~ dIkSArthI deva, zAstra evaM guru kI pUjA * 464 241 463 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-bIsavA~, pR. 76, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. ** humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR. 460 - 466, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura.

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242 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI karake vairAgya bhAvanA se pUrita hokara sabhI se kSamApanA karake guru ke samakSa baiThe aura guru se tathA saMgha se dIkSA kI yAcanA kre| unakI AjJA milane para saubhAgyavatI strI svastika ke Upara zvetavastra bichaae| usa para dIkSArthI pUrvAbhimukha ho paryaMkAsana meM baiThe aura guru uttarAbhimukha hokara saMgha evaM samudAya kI anumatipUrvaka kezaloca kreN| kezaloca karate samaya AcArya siddhabhakti evaM yogabhakti kre| tatpazcAt gaMdhodaka Adi ko maMtra se maMtrita karake tIna bAra usake sira para nikSipta kre| phira usake mastaka ko bAe~ hAtha se sparzita kre| tadanantara dadhi, akSata, gobara evaM dUrvA ke komala patte usake mastaka para vardhamAnamaMtra se nikSipta kre| phira maMtroccAra karate hue guru apane hAthoM se pA~ca bAra kezoM kA loca kre| usake pazcAt koI bhI sampUrNa loca kI kriyA kre| locaniSThApana kriyA ke pUrva AcArya siddhabhakti kre| tadanantara dIkSArthI sira kA prakSAlaya karake gurubhakti kare aura vastra AbharaNa, yajJopavIta Adi kA parityAga kara dIkSA kI yAcanA kre| tatpazcAt guru usake sira para zrIM likhe aura a.si.A.u.sA. maMtra kA 108 bAra japa kre| usake pazcAt guru usake hAthoM meM kezara, kapUra aura candana se zrI likhe| phira pUrva meM 3, dakSiNa meM 24, pazcima meM 5 aura uttara meM 2 aMka likhakara ratnatraya ko namaskAra karate hue usakI aMjali cAvaloM se pUrI bhara de| usake Upara nAriyala evaM supArI rakhakara siddhabhakti, cAritra-yoga bhakti kA pATha kara use vrata pradAna kre| vrata Adi pradAna karate hue muni ke aTThAIsa mUla guNoM kA AropaNa kre| tatsambandhI gAthA ko tIna bAra uccarita karake zAnti bhakti kare tathA aMjali meM saMcita cAvala Adi pAtra meM ddlvaae| tatpazcAt solaha maMtroM se nUtana muni ke SoDaza saMskAra kre| anta meM SaDjIvanikAya ke rakSaNArtha, picchikA, dvAdazAMgasUtra ke adhyayanArtha jJAnopakaraNa evaM brAhya tathA abhyantara zuddhi hetu zaucopakaraNa pradAna kre| usake bAda samAdhibhakti kA pATha kare tathA navadIkSita muni, guru evaM anya muniyoM ko pramANa kre| jaba taka vratAropaNa nahIM hotA haiM, taba taka anya muni use prativaMdanA nahIM karate hai| usake bAda usI pakSa meM yA dUsare pakSa meM zubha muhUrta meM mahAvratAropaNa kI kriyA kI jAtI hai| isameM ratnatraya kI pUjA karake pAkSika pratikramaNa kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai| pAkSika niyama grahaNa karate samaya vratasamiti Adi kA pATha karake mahAvrata pradAna kie jAte haiM aura kisI eka tapa kA niyama diyA jAtA hai| dIkSApradAtA evaM zrAvakAdi bhI eka tapa kA niyama grahaNa karate haiM aura isa kriyA ke bAda hI anya muni navadIkSita ko prativaMdanA karate haiN| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra upasthApanA kI kriyA karate samaya AcArya ziSya ko samavasaraNa ke samakSa naMdIkriyA karavAkara tIna bAra naMdIsUtra kA pATha sunAte haiM

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 243 tathA usake bAda use mahAvratoM kA AropaNa karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM granthakAra ne isa vidhi kA ullekha karate samaya isa bAta kA bhI ullekha vizeSa rUpa se kiyA hai ki mahAvratoM ko grahaNa karate samaya ziSya kisa prakAra se mukhavastrikA evaM rajoharaNa ko dhAraNa kre| 5 digambara-paramparA meM dIkSAdAna ke pazcAt, arthAt liMgadAna ke pazcAt paMcamahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, pA~coM indriyoM ko vaza meM karanA, pRthvI para sonA, ityAdi uttaraguNoM kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai,66 kintu mahAvratoM ko grahaNa karate samaya muni kisa mudrA meM khar3A rahe- isakA ullekha hameM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasari ke anusAra mahAvratoM kA AropaNa karane ke pazcAta muni ke nAma kI udghoSaNA kI jAtI hai| yaha udghoSaNA kisa vidhi se karanI cAhie? isakA bhI ullekha AcAradinakara meM kiyA gayA hai|467 digambara-paramparA meM nAmakaraNa kI kriyA mahAvratoM ke uccAraNa se pUrva kI jAtI hai, kintu vahA~ isakI kyA vidhi hai? isakA ullekha hameM nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne upasthApanA kI jisa vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai, vaha vidhi zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anya granthoM jaise paMcavastu, vidhimArgaprapA, tilakAcArya viracita sAmAcArI, zrI candraviracita sAmAcArI Adi meM bhI milatI hai| sAmAnyataH to ina saba meM varNita vidhi prAyaH samAna hI hai, lekina kahIM-kahIM kucha AMzika aMtara hai| vaha apanI-apanI gaccha-paramparA ke AdhAra para hai| phira bhI vardhamAnasUri ne prAyaH sabhI matoM ke samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA hai| upasaMhAra isa tulanAtmaka vivecana ke pazcAt isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA ke sambandha meM bhI kucha vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se muni ko paMca mahAvratarUpa cAritra kA grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai tathA saptamaNDalI, AvazyakasUtra evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra ke yogodvahana karavAe jAte hai| AvazyakasUtra evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra donoM- Agamagrantha haiN| ina donoM AgamoM kA samyak adhyayana muni-jIvanacaryA ke samyak paripAlana hetu Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jaba taka vaha AvazyakasUtra evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra ke artha samyak prakAra se nahIM jAnatA hai, taba taka usakI kriyA mAtra kAyika kriyA hI hotI hai tathA vaha samyak prakAra se 5 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-bIsavA~ pa.-90, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AdipurANa, jinasenAcArya ana.-DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-unacAlIsavA~, pra.-276 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 200.. 67 AcAradinaka., vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-bIsavA~ pR.-81, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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244 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI muni-AcAroM kA bhI pAlana nahIM kara pAtA hai| ataH sAdhaka niraticAra muni-jIvana kA pAlana kara sake, isa hetu use ina granthoM kA adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra maNDalI-yogodvahana ke pazcAt hI nUtana muni pUrva meM dIkSita muniyoM ke sAtha eka paMkti meM baiThakara bhojana kara sakatA hai| isI taraha anya sAmUhika kriyAoM ke sambandha meM bhI hotA hai| isa saMskAra se pUrva usakI saba vyavasthAe~ alaga hotI hai| jaise- sUtra kI vAcanA ke samaya nUtana muni pUrva dIkSita muniyoM ke sAtha nahIM baiTha sakatA hai, agara baiThAnA bhI par3e, to DorI yA anya kisI vastu kA maNDala yA sImA banAkara usameM hI use baiThAyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke pazcAt hI vaha bhojana, pratikramaNa Adi sAmUhika rUpa se milakara kara sakatA hai, usase pUrva nhii| vastutaH isa saMskAra ke pazcAt hI vaha munisaMgha kA sadasya mAnA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM bhI yahI vyavasthA dekhane ko milatI hai| isa prakAra yaha saMskAra sAdhaka ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa, muni-jIvana ke samyak paripAlana evaM nirgrantha muni-saMgha kA sadasya banane hetu Avazyaka hai| __ yogodvahana-vidhi yogodvahana vidhi kA svarUpa yogodvahana zabda do zabdoM se milakara banA hai- yog+udvhn| yoga zabda ke vaise to aneka artha haiM, kintu jainadarzana meM mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko yoga kahA jAtA hai, udvahana kA tAtparya hai- UrdhvamukhI gmn| ataH yogodvahana kA tAtparya mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ko UrdhvamukhI yA AtmonmukhI banAnA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra mana, vacana aura kAyA kI samAdhipUrNa-tapa sAdhanA ko yoga kahate haiM, athavA Agama yA siddhAMta-granthoM kI vAcanA hetu anyatra ullekhita tapa-sAdhanA ko yogodvahana kahate haiN|466 digambara-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA meM sUtroM ke adhyayanArtha isa prakAra tapa karane ke vidhAnoM kA ullekha prAyaH nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI bhA~ti yogodvahana ke mAdhyama se zAstroM kA adhyayana karAe jAne kI paramparA nahIM hai| vahA~ mAtra zAstra kI AcAradinakara, varSamAnasUrikRta, udaya-bIsavA~, pR.-361, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, varSamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ikIsavA~, pR.-81, nirNayasAgAra mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 245 samAptiparyanta mauna rahakara hI adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai, jise AdipurANa meM maunAdhyayanavRttitva kriyA ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA nigraha karanA hai|500 saMsAra meM jIva karma kA baMdha ina tIna yogoM ke kAraNa se hI karatA hai| yogodvahana ke mAdhyama se una yogoM ko zubha kAryoM meM lagAyA jAtA hai, jisase ve karmabaMdha kA hetu na bana skeN| isa saMskAra meM kAlagrahaNa, japa Adi zubha kriyAoM se mana kA, maunAdi ke mAdhyama se vacana kA evaM nIrasa AhAra tathA saMghaTTA Adi kriyAoM se kAyA kA nigraha kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana mana-vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA nigraha karake jIva ko Atmonmukha banAnA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI granthoM yathA-vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI, subodhAsAmAcArI Adi meM bhI yogodvahana kI vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| unameM varNita vidhi prAyaH AcAradinakara meM varNita vidhi ke sadRza hI hai| cAritra grahaNa karane ke kitane samaya pazcAta muni ko yogodvahana karake sUtroM kA vAcana karanA cAhie? isa sambandha meM granthakAra ne AcAradinakara grantha meM koI nirdeza nahIM diyA hai, kintu zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anya granthoM evaM AgamoM meM isa viSaya kI gaharAiyoM ko samajhate hue, isa sambandha meM vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai "Ame ghaDe nihattaM, jahA jalaM taM ghaDaM vinnaasei| ia siddhata rahassaM, appAhAraM vinnaasei||" arthAta jisa prakAra miTTI ke kacce ghar3e meM DAlA gayA pAnI kacce ghar3e kA nAza karatA hai, usI prakAra ayogya ko diyA gayA siddhAMta kA rahasya usakI AtmA kA nAza karatA hai|01 ataH AgamagranthoM meM bhI isa viSaya para bala dete hue nirdeza diyA hai ki'02 tivAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai AyArapakappe nAma ajjhayaNaM uddisitte| cauvAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai sUyagaDe nAmaM aMge uddisitte| paMcavAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai dasA-kappa vavahAre uddisitte| aTThavAsa- pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai ThANa-samavAe 500 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-361, nirNayasAgAra mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. " paMcavastu, anu.-rAjazekharasUrijI, dvAra-gaNAnujAdvAra, pR.-445, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe,dvitIya saMskaraNa. 102 vyavahArasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra saM.-10/22-36, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, prathama saMskaraNaH 1662.

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246 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI uddisitte| dasavAsa- pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai viyAhe nAma aMge uddisitte| ekkArasavAsa- pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai khuDDiyAvimANa pavibhattI, mahalliyAvimANa pavibhattI, aMgacUliyA, vaggacUliyA, viyAhacUliyA nAma ajjhayaNe uddisitte| bArasavAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai arUNovavAe, varUNovavAe, garUlovavAe, dharaNovavAe, vesamaNovavAe, velaMdharovavAe, nAmaM ajjhayaNe uddisitte| terasavAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappar3a uTThANasue, samuTThANasue, vidapariyAvaNie, nAgapariyAvaNie nAmaM ajjhayaNe uddisitte| coddasavAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai sumiNa bhAvaNAnAmaM ajjhayaNe uddisitte| pannarasavAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai cAraNa bhAvaNAnAmaM ajjhayaNe uddisitte| solasavAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai teyaNisagge nAmaM ajjhayaNe uddisitte| sattaravAsa- pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai AsIvisabhAvaNAnAmaM ajjhayaNe uddisitte| aTThArasavAsa- pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai diTThivisabhAvaNAnAmaM ajjhayaNe uddisitte| egUNavIsavAsa-pariyAyassa samaNassa niggaMthassa kappai diTThivAya nAma aMge uddisitte| vIsavAsa-pariyAe samaNe niggaMthe savvasuyANuvAi bhvi|" ... isa prakAra tIna barasa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko AcArAMga, cAravarSa ke dIkSApAya vAle ko sUtrakRtAMga, pA~ca varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko dazA, kalpa, vyavahArasUtra, ATha varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMgasUtra, dasa varSa ke dIkSA paryAya vAle ko vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, gyAraha varSa ke dIkSA ke paryAya vAle ko kSullikA vimAnapravibhakti, mahallikA vimAnapravibhakti, aMgacUlikA, vargacUlikA, aura vyAkhyAcUlikA, bAraha varSa ke dIkSA paryAya vAle ko arUNopapAta, varUNopapAta, garUDopapAta, dharaNopapAta, vaizramaNopapAta evaM velandharopapAta, teraha varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko utthAnazruta, samutthAnazruta, devendra pariyApanikA evaM nAgapariyApanikA, caudaha varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko svapnabhAvanA, pandraha varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko cAraNabhAvanA, solaha varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko tejonisarga, satraha varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko AsIviSabhAvanA, aThAraha varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko dRSTiviSabhAvanA, unnIsa varSa ke dIkSAparyAya vAle ko dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahavA~ aMga par3hAnA kalpatA hai tathA bIsa varSa ke dIkSA paryAya vAlA zramaNa sarvazruta ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 247 isa viSaya kI carcA karate hue zrI bRhadyogavidhi meM bhI isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|503 saMskAra kA kartA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra viziSTa guNoM ke dhAraka athavA upAdhyAya Adi dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| saMskAra ko karAne vAle guru ke guNoM kI carcA bhI granthakAra ne vistAra se kI hai ki vaha kisa prakAra kA honA cAhie, kaise-kaise guNa usameM hone cAhie, ityaadi| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimnavidhi aMkita kI haiyogodvahana-vidhi AgamagranthoM ke adhyayana hetu tapa evaM unakA pAraNa tathA svAdhyAya hetu kAlagrahaNa Adi ko nirdhArita krama se karanA yogodvahana hai| isa vidhi meM sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra ke guNoM se yukta sAdhu yogodvahana ke yogya hotA hai, yogodvahana karavAne vAle guru kisa prakAra ke hone cAhie, yogodvahana meM kisa prakAra kI sAmagrI, upakaraNa Adi sahAyaka hote haiM, sAtha hI yogodvahana hetu kisa prakAra kA kSetra evaM vasati zubha hotI hai- isakA vistRta vivecana mUlagrantha meM huA hai| tatpazcAt yogodvahana hetu ucita kAla batAte hue yogodvahana kI sAmAnya caryA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara vibhinna AgamoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavatIsUtra ke yoga kI vizeSa caryA kA bhI ullekha huA hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra ke yogavAhI ko kisa prakAra kA AhAra lenA cAhie, kisa prakAra kA AhAra nahIM lenA cAhie, bhikSA grahaNa karate samaya kina-kina bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| tIsa prakAra ke niviyAtoM meM se kauna-kaunase nivAyateM kisa prakAra sAdhu ko grahaNa karane ke yogya haiM, ityaadi| kadAcit nirdiSTa caryA kA bhaMga ho jAe, to usakA kyA prAyazcitta AtA hai, isa para bhI mUlagrantha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara AvAgamana meM hone vAle saMsparzoM ke doSoM kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| tatpazcAt hAtha, paira, dharmadhvaja, pAtra DorI, jholikA Adi sthira saMghaTTa (saMsparza) haiM- isa kathana kA ullekha karate hue mUlagrantha meM ina sabakI sparzana kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara kina kAloM meM kAlagrahaNa, svAdhyAya Adi kare, usase sambandhita ucita evaM anucita kAla kA mUlagrantha meM sUcana kiyA gayA hai| - 503 zrI bRhad yoga vidhi, zrI khAntivijayajI gaNi, pR.-12, zrI umeda khAnti jaina jJAna maMdira, jhIMjhuvADA, 1628.

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248 sAdhvI mokSaranA zrI isa prakaraNa meM asvAdhyAyakAla kI bhI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| tadanantara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki yoga ke Arambha meM yogavAhI ko loca, upadhi prakSAlana, sarvAzrayoM kA tyAga tathA kalpyatarpaNa kI vidhi karanI caahie| tatpazcAt yogodvahana kI vidhi ke samaya dina-zuddhi Adi dekhe jAne kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt Agama ke (1) zruta (2) zrutaskandha (3) varga yA zataka (4) adhyayana (5) uddezakaina pA~ca vibhAgoM ko batAte hue pratyeka vibhAga kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai tathA uddeza, samuddeza evaM anujJA ke artha ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki aMga-AgamoM ke zrutaskandha, adhyayana, uddezaka Adi kI vAcanA divasa ke prathama prahara meM hI kareM, anya praharoM meM na kreN| aMgabAhya ke adhyayana, uddezaka Adi kI vAcanA rAtri meM kara sakate haiN| tatpazcAt yoga ke do prakAroM AgAr3hayoga evaM anAgAr3hayoga kI vyAkhyA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kaunase sUtra ke yoga AgAr3ha haiM tathA kaunase sUtra ke yoga anAgAr3ha haiN| tadanantara kAlikasUtroM ke yoga hetu kAlagrahaNa kI vidhi evaM svAdhyAya prasthApana kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| yogavAhI ko pratidina prabhAtakAla meM yoga ke saMrakSaNArtha eka logassa kA kAyotsarga karanA cAhie tathA yogodvahana evaM zrutaskandhoM ke AraMbha samApti para naMdIvidhi karanI caahie| tatpazcAt mUlagrantha meM naMdIvidhi kA ullekha huA hai| yaha naMdIvidhi pravrajyAvidhi ke samAna hI hai, kintu naMdIpATha ke anta meM uddeza, samuddeza evaM anujJA hetu kucha vizeSa kriyA kI jAtI hai| tadanantara uddezaka Adi ke uddeza, samuddeza evaM anujJA kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| tadanantara yogavAhI amuka zrutaskandha, amuka adhyayana ke uddeza, samuddeza athavA anujJArtha Ayambila evaM nIvi ke (pratyAkhyAna) hetu guru se nivedana kre| tatpazcAt guru nirUddha meM Ayambila kA tathA pAraNa meM nIvi kA pratyAkhyAna kraae| tatpazcAt punaH svAdhyAya prasthApana kre| kAlika evaM utkAlika aMgabAhya AgamagranthoM ke adhyayana hetu kAlagrahaNa, svAdhyAyaprasthApana, saMghaTTA Adi kI alaga se koI vidhi nahIM kahI gaI hai| inakI vidhi aMgapraviSTa AgamagranthoM hetu nirdiSTa vidhi ke samAna hI hai| yaha saba yogoM ke saMsAdhana kI vidhi hai| tadanantara vibhinna AgamoM ke yogodvahana kI kramika vidhi batAI gaI hai| sarvaprathama AvazyakasUtra ke yogodvahana kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| AvazyakasUtra meM eka zrutaskandha haiM, yaha AgADhayoga hai tathA isa yoga meM ATha dina lagate hai| isa yoga meM ekAntara se Ayambila ke pAraNe nIvi karate hai| prathama tathA antima dina naMdIkriyA kI jAtI hai| prathama cha: dinoM meM SaT adhyayanoM ke uddeza, samuddeza evaM anujJA hetu kriyA kI jAtI hai| prathama dina Avazyaka zrutaskandha ke uddeza kI kriyA bhI kI jAtI hai tathA usa dina mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA, vaMdana, khamAsamaNA,

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 249 kAyotsarga- ye saba kriyAe~ cAra-cAra bAra karate hai| zeSa dinoM meM ye saba kriyAe~ tIna-tIna bAra karate hai| antima do dina zrutaskandha ke anujJA kI vidhi hotI haiaisA mUlagrantha meM ullekha hai, kintu bRhadyogavidhi ke anusAra aMtima do dinoM meM kramazaH Avazyaka zrutaskandha ke samuddeza evaM anujJA kI kriyA kI jAtI hai aura vaha hameM ucita bhI lagatA hai| isa prakAra ATha dinoM meM AvazyakasUtra ke yoga hote hai| isI prakAra mUlagrantha meM dazavaikAlika, maNDalIpraveza, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nizItha, jItakalpa, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, dazAzrutaskandha, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, aMtakRtdazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNadazA, vipAkasUtra, upAMgasUtra, prakIrNakasUtra, mahAnizIthasUtra, evaM bhagavatIsUtra ke yogodvahana kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa usakA ullekha hama yahA~ nahIM kara rahe hai| isakI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke unatIsaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| upasaMhAra pratyeka vastu yA kriyA kI kyA AvazyakatA evaM upAdeyatA hai, isa sambandha meM vicAra karanA anivArya hai| yogodvahana ke mAdhyama se jIva ko bAhya paudgalika jagat se dUra karake sva meM sthita kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki jaba taka sAdhaka bahirAtmA banA rahatA hai, arthAt aindrika viSayoM meM rUci rakhatA hai, taba taka vaha sUtroM kA bhI samyak prakAra se adhyayana nahIM kara pAtA hai| vyavahAra meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki jaba taka hama apanA mana ekAgra nahIM karate haiM, taba taka hamArA mana adhyayana meM nahIM lagatA hai| cAhe vyakti kI AMkheM hAtha meM rahI huI pustaka kA avalokana karatI rahe, kintu vaha usa pustaka meM rahe hue viSaya kA hArda samajha nahIM pAtA hai| isI prakAra kisa viSaya ko kisa apekSA se kahA gayA hai, isako jAna pAnA bhI taba taka sambhava nahIM hai, jaba taka hama usa viSaya kI gaharAI taka nahIM phuNceN| sAdhAraNa se viSaya ko samajhane ke lie bhI jaba hameM itanI sAvadhAnI rakhanI par3atI hai, to syAdvAda kI pracuratA vAle AgamagranthoM ko jAnane ke lie to kitanI sAvadhAnI rakhanI par3egI; kyoMki AgamagranthoM meM kisa viSaya ko kisa samaya kisa naya kI apekSA se kahA gayA hai, ise dhIra aura gambhIra vyakti hI samajha sakatA hai| yogodvahana ke mAdhyama se use sAdhanA ke aise stara para pahu~cAyA jAtA hai ki jisase ve usa viSaya kA samyak adhyayana kara skeN| yogodvahana karane se na kevala Agama sUtroM ke vAMcana kA hI avasara prApta hotA hai, varan karmoM kI nirjarA bhI hotI hai, kyoMki mana-vacana-kAyArUpa yoga ko azubha pravRtti karane kA avakAza

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250 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI hI nahIM milatA hai| isI ke sAtha hI kevala unakI zubha pravRttiyA~ hI kriyAzIla rahatIM haiM, ataH karmoM ko kSaya karane meM bhI isa saMskAra kA mahatvapUrNa avadAna hai| vartamAna meM bhI zvetAmbara - paramparA ke kucha gacchoM meM yaha paramparA pracalita vAcanA grahaNa vidhi vAcanA-grahaNa- - vidhi kA svarUpa vAcanA-grahaNa kA tAtparya hai ki vidhipUrvaka siddhAMtagranthoM ke sUtrArtha ko grahaNa krnaa| isa vidhi meM vAcanA-grahaNa se lekara vAcanA ke pazcAt taka kI samasta kriyAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vAcanA - grahaNa karane se pUrva muni ko kyA-kyA karanA cAhie, vAcanA grahaNa karate samaya use kisa prakAra baiThanA cAhie, vAcanA pUrNa hone para use kyA karanA cAhie ityAdi kriyAoM kA isa vidhi meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yogodvahana ke madhya bhI siddhAMtasUtroM kI vAcanA dI jAtI hai, kintu vahA~ unakA ullekha mAtra hI hai / vAcanA grahaNa karane vAlA muni kyA - kyA kriyAe~ kare ? ina sabakA vistRta ullekha usameM itanI spaSTatA ke sAtha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, isI hetu vardhamAnasUri ne ise saMskAra kA rUpa dekara isakI pRthak se vyAkhyA kI hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhI vAcanA grahaNa kI jAtI hai, kintu isa sambandha meM paM. AzAdharajI kI kRti aNagAradharmAmRta' meM mAtra itanA hI ullekha milatA hai ki sAdhuoM ko jyeSTha zukla paMcamI ke dina bRhat siddhabhakti aura bRhad zrutabhaktipUrvaka zrutaskandha kI vAcanA, arthAt zruta ke avatAra, arthAt zruta ke avataraNa kA upadezagrahaNa karanA caahie| usake bAda zrutabhakti aura AcAryabhakti karake svAdhyAya karanA cAhie aura zrutabhaktipUrvaka svAdhyAya ko samApta karanA cAhie / samApti para zAntibhakti bhI karanI caahie| isake atirikta vAcanA grahaNa karane ke sambandha meM koI vistRta ullekha nahIM milate hai / -504 -505 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana guru- mukha se vAcanA grahaNa karanA hai, kyoMki guru ke binA prApta jJAna AkAza- kusuma ke samAna nirarthaka hotA hai| jisa prakAra AkAzapuSpa kA koI artha (mUlya) nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra guru binA gRhIta jJAna kA bhI koI mUlya nahIM hotA hai| gurugama se prApta kiyA gayA jJAna hI AtmotthAna meM sahAyaka hotA hai| gurugama ke binA prApta kiyA gayA jJAna 504 aNagAradharmAmRta, anu. - kailAzacandra zAstrI, adhyAya - 6, pR. 672-73, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa 1677. 505 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- bAIsavA~, pR. 362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 251 AtmA kA utthAna kara sake, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana gurugama se vAcanA grahaNa karanA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha vidhi vAcanA-grahaNa ke samaya kI jAnI cAhie, kintu kisa dina evaM kisa samaya vAcanA grahaNa kare, isakA ullekha unhoMne isa udaya meM nahIM kiyA hai| sAmAnyatayA svAdhyAya ke lie AgamoM meM jo samaya batAyA gayA hai, usI samaya meM zAstroM ke adhyayana evaM adhyApana kA kArya karanA caahie| anadhyAyakAla meM sUtroM ke adhyayana evaM adhyApana kA kArya nahIM karanA caahie| sthAnAMgasUtra'06 meM isa viSaya kI carcA karate hue battIsa anadhyAyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA ke mUlAcAra meM bhI svAdhyAya ke kAtvAdi kA varNana milatA hai| vidhimArgaprapA08 meM bhI anadhyAya viSayaka ullekha milate haiN| isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM bhI manusmRti Adi smRtiyoM meM anadhyAyakAla kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| saMskAra kA kartA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra nirgrantha muniyoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI sAmAnyataH zAstroM kI vAcanA nirgrantha muniyoM ke dvArA hI grahaNa kI jAtI hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimna vidhi prajJapta kI hai:vAcanA-grahaNa vidhi vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama isa vidhi meM vAcanA grahaNa karane ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki guru kaise hone caahie| tadanantara yogodvahana hetu Avazyaka sAmagrI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt vAcanAgrahaNa kI vidhi kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dRr3hayoga vAlA muni vidhipUrvaka prabhAtakAla grahaNa kara svAdhyAya prasthApana kre| tatpazcAt guru ke pAsa jAkara gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kA pratikramaNa kara guru ko dvAdazAvata vandana kre| tatpazcAt ziSya guru ko adhyayana AraMbha karAne ke lie nivedana kare 10 sthAnAMgasUtra, sampAdaka- munijambuvijayajI, sUtra-285 evaM 714, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1985. 'mulAcAra, DaoN. phUlacandra jaina premI evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra-paMcama, pra.-163 se 164, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa 1666. 5degvidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa-21, pR.-41 se 42, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000.

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252 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI tathA anuyoga ke ArambhArtha kAyotsarga kre| tatpazcAt ziSya guru ke samakSa sukhAsana meM baiThakara vidhipUrvaka vAcanA grahaNa kre| vAcanA ke bIca kina-kina kAryoM kA niSedha kiyA jAnA cAhie, isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| isake sAtha hI vAcanAkrama kA bhI vahA~ ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara vAcanA ke pazcAt guru ke sAtha ziSya svAdhyAyaprasthApanA kare tathA anuyoga ke pratikramaNArtha kAyotsarga kre| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vAcanAkrama meM vAcanA karate hue saMghaTTA (saMsparza) aura Ayambila Adi kucha bhI na kre| sAdhuoM dvArA pratidina yaha kriyA karanI caahie| ___ isa sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya vibhAga ke bAIsaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM muni ke vAcanAgrahaNa-saMskAra ke sadRza kisI saMskAra kA ullekha prAyaH hameM nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi vaidika-paramparA meM upanayana saMskAra meM hI vedAdhyayana kA eka upasaMskAra hotA hai, kintu usa paramparA meM muni/saMnyAsI ke adhyayana sambandhI kisI viziSTa vidhi-vidhAna kA koI ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| digambara-paramparA meM muni ke zAstra adhyayana sambandhI saMskAra kA ullekha to purANoM meM kriyA ke rUpa meM hai, kintu usakI pUrI prakriyA kA ullekha nahIM haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidhimArgaprapA, paMcavastu Adi granthoM meM isa saMskAra kI carcA milatI hai| vidhimArgaprapA meM isa saMskAra ko vAcanAdAna ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA hai, jisakI vidhi lagabhaga AcAradinakara meM varNita vAcanAgrahaNa-saMskAra kI bhA~ti hI hai| ina donoM vidhiyoM meM jo AMzika bhinnatA hai, usakI carcA hama yahA~ kreNge| AcAradinakara meM vAcanA grahaNa karane vAle sAdhu ko kisa krama se AgamasUtroM kI vAcanA deM, isakA spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai, kintu vidhimArgaprapA meM muni ko kina-kina sUtroM kA adhyayana karAeM, isakA to ullekha milatA hai, parantu kisa krama se unakA adhyayana karAeM- isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| vAcanAdAna meM sUtroM ke krama kA bahuta mahatva hai| sarvavirati cAritra kA pAlana karane meM jo sUtra atyanta upayogI ho, unhIM kA adhyayana sarvaprathama karAyA jAtA hai, kyoMki jaba taka nIMva majabUta nahIM ho, taba taka usakA DhA~cA apane 50 vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa-21, pR.-41 se 42, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000.

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vardhamAna sUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nirdhArita svarUpa ko pUrNa rUpa se prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai| vyavahAra nAmaka chedasUtra meM bhI kisa Agama ko kisa krama se aura kitane varSa kI dIkSAparyAya ke pazcAt par3hAyA jAe, isakI vistRta carcA hai, jisakA ullekha hamaneM yogodvahana - vidhi meM kiyA hai| AcAradinakara meM vAcanA-grahaNa karane ke yogya muni ke lakSaNa, vAcanA - sAmagrI kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, vidhimArgaprapA meM isakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu dazAzrutaskandha meM vAcanA ke yogya kauna muni hotA hai, isa saMdarbha meM ullekha milatA hai| .510 253 vAcanAgrahaNa vidhi kI kucha kriyAe~ aisI bhI haiM, jinakI carcA hameM vidhimArgaprapA meM to milatI haiM, kintu AcAradinakara meM nahIM milatI hai, jaise " - anuyoga ke ArambhArtha kAyotsarga ke bAda vAcanA dene kI AjJA prApta karane hetu evaM vAcanA kI AjJA ko svIkAra karane hetu vAcanAdAtA AcArya ko khamAsamaNA detA hai, isI prakAra Asana grahaNa karane hetu bhI do bAra khamAsamaNA denA hote haiN| _512 513 AcAradinakara meM vAcanAdAna evaM vAcanAzravaNa ke niyamoM tathA vAcanA zravaNa se kyA lAbha hotA hai, isakI carcA nahIM milatI hai, jabaki vidhimArgaprapA' evaM paMcavastu ' meM isa viSaya kI spaSTa carcA milatI hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara - paramparA ke uparyukta granthoM kI ina vidhiyoM meM AMzika samAnatA evaM bhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| upasaMhAra muni - jIvana meM yaha saMskAra atyanta Avazyaka hai, jisa prakAra khadAna meM par3e hue hIre ko yogya jauharI tarAzakara usake mUla svarUpa ko prakaTa kara detA hai, usI prakAra yogya guru ziSya ko zAstroM kA samyak adhyayana karAkara usake zuddhAtmasvarUpa ko prakaTa karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / vAcanA-grahaNa kI vidhi se mAtra ziSya kA hI zreya nahIM hotA, varan guru ke bhI kartavya kA nirvAha hotA hai, kyoMki guru kA bhI yaha karttavya hotA hai ki vaha apanI zakti ke anusAra sva- Azrita ziSyoM kA anugraha karane ke dhyeya se unheM vAcanA avazya de| zAstroM meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki vAcanAdAtA guru bhI svayaM kI vAcanA dene kI 510 dazAzrutaskandha, madhukaramuni, sUtra- 4 /10-13, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662. " vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa-26, pR. 65, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000. 512 vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa-26, pR. 65, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000. 53 paMcavastu, anu. - rAjazekharasUrijI dvAra-gaNAnujJAdvAra, pR. 454 se 455, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe, dvitIya saMskaraNa.

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254 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI zakti kA gopana karake anya ArAdhanA karatA hai, to usakA aisA karanA ucita nahIM hai| kAraNa, zakti kA gopana kie binA jo yatna karatA hai, use hI yati kahate haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM bhadrabAhu svAmI dvArA apanI dhyAna sAdhanA hetu muniyoM ko pUrvo kA adhyayana karAne se niSedha karane para unheM prAyazcitta kA adhikArI batAyA thA, ataH jJAnI guru ko kartavya kA nirvAha karane hetu bhI yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai| mokSa kI prApti meM sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa bhI yaha saMskAra upayogI hai, kyoMki prAyaH dhRtadharma se hI samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai| "samyaktva mokSa kA bIja hai, vaha samyaktva svarUpataH satya jIvAdi tattvoM ke jJAna evaM zraddhAsvarUpa aura AtmA ke zubha pariNAmasvarUpa hotA hai| samyaktva prakaTa hote ke sAtha hI jIva ko zubhAzaya vAlA banAtA hai, jisase jIva ko pAramArthika sukha kI prApti hotI hai| jIva jaba paramArthataH dharma meM pravRtti karatA hai, to vaha pAramArthika zubha kA anubaMdha karatA haiN| isa prakAra anantara mokSa kA hetu hone ke kAraNa bhI yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai| vAcanAnujJA (vAcanAcArya) vidhi vAcanAnujJA vidhi kA svarUpa vAcanAnujJA zabda do zabdoM se milakara banA hai- vaacnaa+anujnyaa| vAcanA zabda kA tAtparya adhyayana karanA aura adhyayana karAnA- donoM hI haiM, kyoMki vAcanA meM vAcanA dene vAlA (guru) aura vAcanA lene vAlA ziSya-donoM hI antargarbhita hai| anujJA kA tAtparya anumati pradAna karanA hai| saMkSepa meM adhyayana karAne kI anumati pradAna karane kI vidhi ko vAcanAnujJA kI vidhi kahate hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vAcanA pradAna karane ke yogya muni ko vAcanAcArya ke pada para niyukta kiyA jAtA hai| vAcanAcArya ke pada para niyukta hone ke bAda usa muni kA yaha karttavya hotA hai, ki vaha apanI zakti ke anurUpa vAcanA deM, arthAt adhyayana kraae| vardhamAnasUri ne vAcanAcArya kI vidhi kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki gaNAnujJA kI bhI yahI vidhi hai|516 donoM kI vidhiyoM meM jo AMzika bhinnatA hai, use bhI graMthakAra ne AcAradinakara meM ullekhita kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM "paMcavastu, anu.-rAjazekharasUrijI, dvAra-gaNAnujJAdvAra, pR.-453, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe,dvitIya saMskaraNa. 515 paMcavastu, anu.-rAjazekharasUrijI, dvAra-gaNAnujJAdvAra, pR.-461, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe, dvitIya saMskaraNa. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- teIsavA~, pR.-112, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 255 nirdiSTa gaNopagrahaNa kriyAvidhi kI tulanA hama AcAradinakara meM varNita vAcanAnujJA yA gaNAnujJA se kara sakate hai| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa prakAra kA koI saMskAra hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra AcArya yA upAdhyAya kI anupasthiti meM vAcanA dene hetu anya yogya muni ko anumati pradAna karane ke uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| 18 AcArya yA upAdhyAya kI anupasthiti meM nirgrantha sAdhu-sAdhvI vAcanA arthAta zrRtAdhyayana Adi kAryoM se vaMcita na raha jAeM- isa prayojana se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki mokSAbhilASiyoM ke lie zrutAdhyayana atyanta anivArya hai, usake abhAva meM mokSArthI apane patha se cyuta ho sakatA hai| ataH gaccha ke sAdhu-sAdhvI samudAya ko AcArya kI anupasthiti meM bhI vAcanA milatI rahe, arthAt unakA zAstrAdhyayana hotA rahe, isa dIrgha dRSTi se hI vAcanAcArya kI niyukti kI jAtI hai| vardhamAnasUri ne yaha saMskAra kisa mAha, nakSatra Adi meM karaNIya hai, isakA vistRta ullekha na karate hue mAtra itanA hI ullekha kiyA hai ki AcAryapadayoga ke Ane para zubha dina evaM zubha lagna meM yaha saMskAra kareM, kintu muni ko yaha pada kitanI dIkSAparyAya ke pazcAt diyA jAe- isa sambandha meM AcAradinakara meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| usameM mAtra isa pada hetu yogya muni ke lakSaNa hI batAe gae haiM, jisakI carcA AMzika rUpa se digambara-paramrA meM pracalita gurusthAnAbhyupagamakriyA meM bhI milatI hai| isa prakAra digambara-paramparA ke grantha AdipurANa meM varNita gurusthAnAbhyupagama evaM gaNopagrahaNa kriyA kA isa saMskAra meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| sambhavataH muni meM ina yogyatAoM kA prAdurbhAva hone para hI use isa saMskAra se saMskArita kiyA jAtA hogA- aisA hama mAna sakate hai| saMskAra kA kartA saMskAra ke kartA kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAravidhi AcArya dvArA hI sampanna karavAI jAtI 5" AdipurANa, anu.-DaoN. pannAlAlajI jaina, parva- aDatIsavA~, pR.-255, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. "AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AdipurANa, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAlajI jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pra.-254, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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256 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI gaNopagrahaNa kI kriyA (AcArya) dvArA hI karavAne kA nirdeza milatA hai|520 AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI haivAcanAnujJA-vidhi vardhamAnasUri ne isa vidhi meM sarvaprathama vAcanAcArya pada ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AcArya-padasthApanA ke yogya muhUrta, zubha tithi, vAra, nakSatra, evaM lagna meM viziSTa veza ko dhAraNa kara guru vAcanAcArya pada ke yogya ziSya ko jisane loca evaM Ayambila kiyA huA hai, apane pAsa meM bulaae| tatpazcAt samavasaraNa kI racanA karavAkara ziSya se tIna pradakSiNA dilvaae| tadanantara vAcanA kI anujJA hetu naMdIvidhi kI kriyA kA krama calatA hai| naMdIkriyA ke bAda guru ziSya ke sira para vAsakSepa karate hai| tadanantara guru vardhamAnavidyA dvArA vAsakSepa cUrNa ko abhimaMtrita karake sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko de| "amuka muni vAcanAcArya pada para niyukta kie gae"- isa ghoSaNA ke sAtha sabhI vAcanAcArya ke sira para vAsakSepa kreN| tatpazcAt vAcanAcArya samavasaraNa evaM guru kI tIna pradakSiNA kre| isake bAda vAcanAcArya kambala para baiThakara dezanA de| tatpazcAt saMgha ke samakSa guru vAcanAcArya dvArA karaNIya kAryoM kI anujJA pradAna karate hai| maMtra kI ArAdhanA hetu vardhamAna vidyApaTa dete hai| vAcanAcArya vinayapUrvaka usa paTa ko grahaNa kare tathA jyeSThAnukrama se sAdhuoM ko vandana kre| vAcanAcArya-padasthApana-vidhi ke antargata hI gaNAnujJA (gaNipada pradAna karane) kI vidhi bhI nirdiSTa kI gaI hai| isase sambandhita vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke teIsaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana vardhamAnasUri ne vAcanAcArya evaM gaNanAyaka ke jina kAryakalApoM kA nirdeza diyA hai, prAyaH unhIM kAryakalApoM kA nirdeza AdipurANa meM varNita gaNopagrahaNakriyA meM kiyA gayA hai, isalie hama isa saMskAra kI tulanA gaNopagrahaNakriyA se kara sakate hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra kI vidhi kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai, kintu digambara-paramparA ke purANa Adi granthoM meM hameM isa saMskAra 52degAdipurANa, anu. DaoN. pannAlAlajI jaina, parva- aDatIsavA~, pR.- 254-255, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 257 kI koI viziSTa vidhi dekhane ko nahIM milii| AdipurANa meM mAtra unake kAryoM kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jaise21- vaha muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoM ko samIcIna mArga meM lagAtA huA acchI taraha saMgha kA poSaNa kare tathA zAstra-adhyayana kI icchA karane vAle ko dIkSA dekara zAstrAdhyayana karAe aura dharmAtmA jIvoM ke lie dharma kA pratipAdana kre| vaha gaNanAyaka sadAcAra dhAraNa karane vAloM ko prerita kre| durAcAriyoM ko dUra haTAe aura kie hue svakIya aparAdharUpI mala ko zodhatA huA apane AzritagaNa kI rakSA kre| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM vAcanAcArya evaM gaNanAyaka ke jo kArya batAe haiM, unakA kAryakSetra AdipurANa meM varNita kAryoM kI apekSA vyApaka hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa saMskAra se saMskArita muni ko vAcanA dene, tapa-vidhAna karavAne evaM dizA anujJA ke sAtha-sAtha vratAropaNa, naMdI, yogodvahana, pratiSThA, zAntika evaM pauSTikakarma karavAne kI bhI anumati pradAna kI jAtI hai| isa prakAra digambara evaM zvetAmbara-paramparA meM pracalita ina donoM vidhiyoM meM AMzika samAnatA evaM AMzika bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anya granthoM meM bhI isa saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise- vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI, subodhAsAmAcArI aadi| vidhimArgaprapA evaM sAmAcArI meM yaha vidhi vAcanAnujJA (vAcanAcArya) ke nAma se hI vivecita kI gaI hai, kintu subodhAsAmAcArI meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha gaNAnujJA ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| isa vidhi ko granthakAroM ne apane-apane granthoM me bhale hI bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se abhihita kiyA ho, kintu unakI vidhiyA~ prAyaH eka samAna hI hai, kahIM-kahIM para yatkiMcit asamAnatA bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| jaise- AcAradinakara meM vAcanAcArya yA gaNAnujJArtha gaNAcArya (gaNi) ko vardhamAna stutiyoM dvArA caityavaMdana karane ke pazcAt zrutadevatA, zAntidevatA Adi ke ArAdhanArtha kAyotsarga evaM stuti karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai,523 jabaki vidhimArgaprapA, subodhAsAmAcArI, sAmAcArI Adi meM caityavaMdana ke pazcAt devI-devatAoM ke ArAdhanArtha kAyotsarga evaM stuti karane kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isI prakAra isa padAropaNa-saMskAra ke avasara para kina-kina dvArA mahotsava kiyA jAe, isakA ullekha AcAradinakara meM to milatA hai, kintu vidhimArgaprapA, subodhAsAmAcArI, sAmAcArI Adi meM nahIM milatA hai| kucha kriyAe~ aisI bhI haiM, jinakA ullekha AcAradinakara meM nahIM milatA 5"AdipurANa, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAlajI jaina, parva-aDatIsavA~, pR.-254 se 255, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 522 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teIsavA~, pR.-112, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 52"AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teIsavA~, pR.-111, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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258 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI hai, kintu anya granthoM meM milatA hai| jaise- vidhimArgaprapA meM vardhamAnavidyA-maMtra kA ullekha milatA hai29, kintu AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnavidyA-maMtra nahIM diyA gayA hai| vAcanAcArya-pada pradAna karate samaya vAcanAcArya pada dhAraNa karane vAlA ziSya kaunase tapa kA pratyAkhyAna kare, isakA ullekha AcAradinakara meM milatA hai, kintu vidhimArgaprapA, eva sAmAcArI meM isakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isI prakAra vardhamAnavidyA-maMtralekhana kI vidhi kA ullekha sAmAcArI25 meM milatA hai, kintu AcAradinakara meM isakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa prakAra yaha saMskAra donoM paramparAoM meM apanI-apanI gaccha kI mAnyatA ke anusAra Aja bhI kiyA jAtA hai| upasaMhAra jaina-paramparA meM vAcanA kA bahuta mahatva hai| nUtana muniyoM ke dIkSita hone ke sAtha hI unheM vAcanA dI jAtI hai aura unake jJAna ko paripakva banAyA jAtA hai, jisase ve Age calakara usa paramparA kA nirvAha kara sakeM, kintu vAcanA-grahaNa karate samaya yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki vAcanA grahaNa karane vAle sabhI muni vAcanA ko samyak prakAra se grahaNa kara hI pAeM, kyoMki jJAna ke kSayopazama ke kAraNa koI alpa mAtrA meM usa vAcanA ko grahaNa kara pAtA hai, to koI adhika mAtrA meM usa vAcanA ko grahaNa kara pAtA hai| punaH, vAcanA grahaNa karane ke bAda bhI yaha Avazyaka nahIM, hai ki vAcanA grahaNa karane vAle sabhI muni vAcanA pradAna karane meM samartha ho hI, kyoMki koI muni apanI vAk zailI evaM Agama yuktiyoM se kisI ko bhI koI viSaya acchI taraha se samajhA sakane meM samartha hotA hai aura koI muni apanI bAta kisI ko acchI taraha samajhAne meM samartha nahIM hotA hai| yaha unake jJAna ke kSayopazama para nirbhara hai| ataH vAcanA pradAtA ke rUpa meM sahI vyakti kA cayana karanA Avazyaka hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vAcanA dene ke yogya, arthAt adhyApana karAne ke yogya vyakti kA cayana karake use vAcanAcArya ke pada para niyukta kiyA jAtA hai, jisase ki vaha apane AzritoM ko samyak jJAna de sake, kyoMki yogya vyakti hI apane kAryoM ko sahI aMjAma de sakatA hai| yahI gaNAnujJA ke sambandha meM bhI jAnanA caahie| kuzala evaM yogya vyakti hI gaNa kA netRtva bhalI prakAra se kara sakatA hai| akuzala vyakti svayaM to karma 1"vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa-27, pR.-65, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000. "sAmAcArI, tilakAcArya viracita, prakaraNa-34, pR.-46,se 47, seTha DAhyAbhAI mokamacanda, ahamadAbAda, vi.sa. -1660.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 259 kA baMdhana karatA hI hai, sAtha hI saMgha meM bhI avyavasthA ko phailAtA hai; ataH gaNa ke kuzala saMcAlana hetu bhI yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai| upAdhyAya padapradAna- vidhi upAdhyAya padapradAna vidhi kA svarUpa upAdhyAya zabda adhyAya ke Age upa upasarga lagane se banA hai| upa kA artha samIpa tathA adhyAya kA artha-adhyayana karanA hai, arthAt jisake samIpa baiThakara adhyayana kiyA jAe, use upAdhyAya kahate haiN| bhikSu Agama viSaya koza ke anusAra sUtrArtha ke jJAtA tathA sUtravAcanA dvArA ziSyoM ke niSpAdana meM jo kuzala ho-use upAdhyAya kahate haiN| sAmAnyataH zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra jo paThana-pAThana karavAe, use upAdhyAya kahate haiN| digambara-paramparA meM bhI upAdhyAya zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki- jisake pAsa jAkara adhyayana kiyA jAe, use upAdhyAya kahate haiN|127 vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isa zabda kI yahI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, kintu yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara lenA Avazyaka hai ki jaina-paramparA meM nirgrantha upAdhyAya mAtra sva-para kalyANa ke dhyeya se siddhAMtoM kA paThana-pAThana karavAte haiM, jabaki vaidika-paramparA meM upAdhyAya AjIvikA kA upArjana karane ke lakSya se ziSyoM ko adhyayana karavAte hai| jaisA ki manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki- veda ke eka deza athavA aMga ko, jo vRtti ke lie adhyayana karAtA hai, use upAdhyAya kahate haiN| bhaviSya-purANa ke dUsare adhyAya meM bhI upAdhyAya ke sambandha meM yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| ataH jaina-paramparA ke upAdhyAya evaM vaidika-paramparA ke upAdhyAya kI adhyApana dRSTi meM mahat antara hai| upAdhyAya-pada ke mahatva ko samajhate hue vardhamAnasUri ne ise bhI eka saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, jabaki digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA hai| yadyapi vaidika-paramparA meM yaha pada hotA to hai, lekina isa pada ko pradAna karane sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha upalabdha granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| vidvajjanoM ko yadi isa sambandha meM koI jAnakArI ho, to hameM avazya btaaeN| 526 526 bhikSuAgama viSayakoza (bhAga-1), sampAdaka- AcArya mahAprajJa, pR.- 151, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU,prathama __ saMskaraNa : 2005. 50 mUlAcAra, sampAdaka DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra-caturtha, pR.-116, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvata pariSada, prathama saMskaraNa 1666. hindU dharmakoza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR.-123, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1678. humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR.-466, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA,

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 530 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana ziSyoM ko dvAdazAMgI kA samyak rUpeNa adhyApana karAne hetu muni vizeSa kI niyukti karanA hai / ' sAmAnya vAcanAoM ke lie to yogya vAcanAcAryoM kI niyukti kI jAtI hai, kintu jinavANI ke sArabhUta dvAdazAMgI kA adhyayana karavAne ke uddezya se upAdhyAya kI niyukti kI jAtI hai| jise samyak jJAna ho, vahI ziSyoM ko dvAdazAMgI kA paripUrNa adhyayana karavA sakatA hai| isa prakAra samyakrUpeNa sUtrArtha ke adhyApana ke prayojana se upAdhyAya-pada para kisI muni kI niyukti kI jAtI hai| 260 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra AcArya pada kA yoga, arthAt muhUrta hone para yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| granthakarttA ne isa saMskAra hetu dIkSA ko mahatva na dete hue mAtra upAdhyAya - pada kI yogyatAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, arthAt jaba vyakti meM upAdhyAya ke pada ke yogya lakSaNa prakaTa ho jAte haiM, tabhI use upAdhyAya kA pada pradAna kiyA jAtA hai, kintu vyavahAra sUtra meM isa pada ke lie upayukta yogyatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha dIkSAparyAya kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jaise - 531 tivAsa pariyAe samaNe niggaMthe- AyAra kusale, saMjama kusale, pavayaNa kusale, paNNatti kusale, saMgaha kusale, uvaggaha kusale akkhAyAre, abhinnAyAre, asabalAyAre, asaMkiliTThAyAre, bahussue babbhAgame, jahaNNeNaM AyArappakappa-dhare, kappai uvajjhAyattAe uddittie / arthAt tIna varSa kI dIkSAparyAya vAlA zramaNa nirgrantha-yadi AcArakuzala, saMyamakuzala, pravacanakuzala, prajJaptikuzala, saMgrahakuzala, aura upagraha karane meM kuzala ho, tathA akSata cAritra vAlA, azabala cAritra vAlA aura asaMkliSTa AcAra vAlA ho, bahuzruta evaM bahuAgamajJa ho aura kama se kama AcAra - prakalpa dhAraNa karane vAlA ho, to use upAdhyAya kA pada diyA jA sakatA hai| uparyukta yogyatAoM ke abhAva meM bhale hI usakI dIkSAparyAya tIna varSa kI bhI ho, to bhI vaha upAdhyAyapada ke yogya nahIM hotA hai| isake sivAya madhyama yA utkRSTa kisI bhI dIkSAparyAya vAle evaM zruta - adhyApana kI yogyatA vAle kisI bhI muni ko yaha pada diyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra AgamasUtroM meM upAdhyAya ke pada hetu Avazyaka yogyatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha usake lie jaghanya dIkSAparyAya kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| digambara- paramparA meM bhI upAdhyAya - pada ke yogya hone para hI use upAdhyAya - pada se suzobhita kiyA jAtA hai tathA vahA~ bhI zubha muhUrta Adi para jauharI bAjAra, jayapura. 530 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. vyavahArasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra - 3/3, pR. 311, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662. 531

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 261 vicAra kiyA jAtA hai|32, yadyapi vartamAna meM ina mAnadaNDoM para vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA jA rahA hai| saMskAra kA kartA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra AcArya dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM bhI yaha saMskAra AcArya dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI sAmAnyataH yaha saMskAra AcArya (guru) dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimna vidhi pravedita kI haiupAdhyAya-padasthApana-vidhi upAdhyAya-padasthApana kI vidhi AcArya-padasthApana kI vidhi ke sadRza hI hai, kintu upAdhyAya-padasthApana kI vidhi meM akSamuSTi, valaya, guruvaMdana, kAlagrahaNa kI vidhi, bRhatnadIpATha, yava-vapana Adi kriyAe~ nahIM hotI haiN| bRhatnadIpATha ke sthAna para vahA~ tIna bAra laghunaMdI kA pATha bolA jAtA hai| upAdhyAya-padasthApanavidhi ke antargata vardhamAnavidyApaTa evaM vardhamAnavidyA pradAna karane kA bhI ullekha hai| AcAradinakara ke caubIsaveM udaya meM upAdhyAya-padasthApana kI mAtra itanI hI vidhi kA ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne isakI vistRta jAnakArI hetu prAcIna zAstroM meM varNita AcArya-padasthApana kI vidhi ko dekhane kA nirdeza diyA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM jo upAdhyAya padasthApanA kI vidhi milatI hai, vaha AcAradinakara Adi zvetAmbara-parAmparA ke granthoM se ekadama bhinna hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA kI bhA~ti vahA~ naMdIkriyA, kAlagrahaNa, bRhatnadIpATha kA zravaNa karanA Adi kArya nahIM kie jAte hai| digambara-paramparAnusAra zubhamuhUrta meM dAtA gaNadharavalaya evaM dvAdazAMgI-zruta kI pUjA kre| tatpazcAt zrIkhaNDa Adi ke chIMTe dekara akSata kA svastika kare tathA usa para paTTa ko sthApita kara upAdhyAya-pada ke yogya muni kA pUrvAbhimukha karake baitthaae| tadanantara AcArya siddha, zruta bhakti kA pATha kara AhvAna Adi maMtroccArapUrvaka bhAvI upAdhyAya ke sira para lauMga evaM puSpa ddaale| tatpazcAt maMtrapUrvaka usake sira para kapUrayukta candana lagAkara zAMti evaM samAdhibhakti kA pATha kre| tadanantara nUtana upAdhyAya gurubhakti kara upAdhyAya-pada 132 humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR.-466, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura.

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262 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ke dAtA ko namaskAra kre| dAtA bhI pratyuttara meM use ArzIvAda pradAna kre|533 yaha upAdhyAya-padadAna kI vidhi hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA meM upAdhyAya-padasthApanA kI vidhi meM bahuta antara dikhAI detA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM kisa vidhi se upAdhyAya pada para niyukti kI jAtI hai; vaidika-granthoM meM usakI vidhi kA abhAva hone se hama usakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM kara sakate hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke aneka granthoM meM isakI vidhi milatI hai| jaise- vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI, subodhAsAmAcArI aadi| ina sabhI granthoM meM prajJapta vidhi prAyaH samAna hI hai, kintu gaccha-paramparA ke kAraNa unameM AMzika bhinnatA milatI hai, jisakI carcA hama yahA~ kara rahe haiN| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra upAdhyAya-padAropaNa kI vidhi prAyaH AcArya-padasthApana vidhi ke samAna hI hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki AcAryapada ke yogya lakSaNa upAdhyAya pada ke sandarbha meM bhI jAnanA caahie| vardhamAnasUri ne upAdhyAya-pada hetu yogyamuni ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa bahuta hI vistAra se kiyA hai| AcAradinakara ke sadRza upAdhyAya-pada hetu yogyamuni ke lakSaNoM kI vistRta carcA uparyukta granthoM meM bhI nahIM milatI hai| ina yogyatAoM se yukta hone para hI muni ko upAdhyAya pada se vibhUSita kiyA jAtA hai| ina guNoM se yukta hone para kadAca ziSya AhAra-pAnI kI apekSA kisako kisa prakAra grahaNa karanA cAhie-ina guNoM se rahita ho, to bhI use upAdhyAya-pada hetu niyukta karanA caahie| jaisA ki vidhimArgaprapA meM kahA gayA hai534 __ "navaraM uvajjhAyapayaM Asannaladdha paibhattAdiguNa rahiyassa visamaggasutattha gahaNa dhAraNa vakkhANaNaguNavaMtassa satavAyaNe aparissaMtassa paMsatassa AyariyANajogasseva dijji|" arthAt jo ziSya upalabdha AhAra-pAnI ke sAraNA-vAraNA Adi guNoM se rahita hone para bhI samagra sUtroM ke artha ke grahaNa, dhAraNa aura vyAkhyAna karane meM guNavaMta hai, use hI upAdhyAya-pada diyA jAnA caahie| __vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra nUtana upAdhyAya-padAropaNa-vidhi meM tIna bAra laghunaMdI kA pATha bolA jAtA hai| vidhimArgaprapA ke anusAra 530 humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR.-466, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura. 534 vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa-28, pR.-65, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 263 upAdhyAya-padasthApana-vidhi meM maMtradAna se pUrva eka bAra hI naMdI kA pATha bolA jAtA hai, jabaki subodhAsAmAcArI evaM sAmAcArI meM isa saMskAra kI vidhi meM naMdIpATha kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra nUtana upAdhyAya ko caukora, arthAt cAra dvAra vAlA varddhamAnavidyApaTa pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI evaM subodhAsAmAcArI meM bhI vardhamAnavidyA kA upadeza dete hai, kintu vardhamAnavidyApaTTa dene kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vidhimArgaprapA meM to isa maMtra ko vidhipUrvaka siddha karane kA bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki AcAradinakara meM hameM isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasari ke anusAra upAdhyAya-padasthApana meM akSamaSTivalaya Adi nahIM hote haiM aura guruvaMdana bhI nahIM karate hai| kAlagrahaNa kI vidhi, bRhatnadIpATha aura yava Adi kA vapana bhI nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAcArI meM bhI prAyaH upAdhyAyapada-vidhi ke sambandha meM yahI nirdeza milate hai| yathA 35 "navaraM akkhamuTThIo guruvaMdaNaM ca na deI kAlaggahaNa sattassaiya naMdikaDDhaNaM ca na karei ti" isa prakAra zvetAmbara-paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAna se sambandhita granthoM meM varNita upAdhyAya-pada kI vidhi meM AMzika samAnatA aura AMzika bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai| upasaMhAraH jisa gaccha meM aneka sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ haiM, jinake aneka saMghATaka (saMghAr3e) alaga-alaga vicarate hoM, athavA jisa gaccha meM navadIkSita bAla yA taruNa sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ hoM, unameM aneka padavIdharoM kA honA Avazyaka hai, kintu kama se kama AcArya evaM upAdhyAya-ina do padavIdharoM kA honA to nitAMta Avazyaka hai| AcArya gaccha kI saMpUrNa vyavasthAoM ke uttaradAyitva kA nirvAha karatA hai, to upAdhyAya ziSyoM ko AgamoM kA adhyayana karavAkara apane kartavya ko pUrNa karatA hai| upAdhyAya kA mukhya uttaradAyitva adhyayana karAne kA hai, kintu isake sAtha hI ziSyoM ke adhyayana sambandhI sabhI prakAra kI dekha-rekha karanA tathA unheM anuzAsita rakhanA bhI upAdhyAya kA hI dAyitva hai| yaha kArya vahI kara sakatA hai, jo svayaM gItArtha ho, samayajJa ho, anuzAsita ho, kyoMki jo svayaM AgamoM kA jJAtA nahIM hai 555 sAmAcArI tilakAcArya viracita, prakaraNa-36, pra.-50, seTha DAjhA bhAI mokamacanda, ahamadAbAda, vi.saM. 1960.

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264 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI yA anuzAsanapriya nahIM hai, vaha kisa prakAra se apane Azrita ziSyoM ko Agama kA jJAna pradAna kara sakegA, athavA unheM anuzAsita kara skegaa| kisI bhI gaccha kI sudRr3ha vyavasthA upAdhyAya para hI nirbhara karatI hai| yogya evaM kuzala upAdhyAya hI saMgha evaM gaccha ko unnati ke carama zikhara para pahu~cA sakatA hai| ataH gaccha evaM saMgha kI unnati hetu yaha saMskAra atyAvazyaka hai| isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA vidvAnoM ne isalie bhI mahasUsa kI hogI, ki saMgha meM kadAcita koI AcArya na ho, to bhI usakA netRtva eka saphala evaM kuzala vyakti ke hAtha se ho, jisase ki saMgha meM kisI prakAra kA vaira-virodha utpanna na ho| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yaha saMskAra jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA hetu Avazyaka evaM upayogI hai| AcArya-padasthApana vidhi AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi kA svarUpa AcArya unheM kahate haiM, jo svayaM AcAra kA pAlana karate haiM tathA dUsaroM se AcAra kA pAlana karavAte hai| Avazyakaniyukti536 meM AcArya kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai paMcavihaM AyAraM AyaramANA tahA pabhAsaMtA AyAraM daMsaMtA AyariyA teNa vuccaMti arthAt jo pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM-jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura vIryAcAra kA anupAlana svayaM karate haiM, unake pAlana hetu upadeza dete haiM aura dUsaroM ko AcAra kI kriyAoM kA sakriya prazikSaNa dete haiM, unheM AcArya kahate hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI AcArya zabda kI vyAkhyA aneka prakAra se kI gaI hai| isa-paramparA meM sAdhuoM ko zikSA-dIkSAdAyaka, unake doSanivAraka tathA anya aneka guNa viziSTa saMghanAyaka ko AcArya kahA gayA hai| mUlAcAra'20 meM kahA gayA hai ki jo sarvakAla sambandhI AcAra ko jAnatA ho, AcaraNa-yogya kA AcaraNa karatA ho aura anya sAdhuoM ko AcaraNa karAtA ho, use AcArya kahate 536 bhikSuAgama viSayakoza (bhAga-1), sampAdaka- AcArya mahAprajJa, pR.- 86, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU, prathama saMskaraNa 1666. 537 dekheH jainendra siddhAMtakoza (bhAga ), jinendravarNI, pra.-241, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, chaThA saMskaraNa- 1668.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 265 haiN| hindU-paramparA meM bhI AcArya zabda kI yahI vyAkhyA dRSTigata hotI hai| hindU-paramparA ke anusAra Acinoti hi zAstrArthAn Acarate sthaapytypi| svayaM Acarate yastu AcArya saH uccte|| arthAt jo zAstroM ke arthoM kA cayana karatA hai aura unakA AcAra ke rUpa meM kAryAnvayana karatA hai tathA svayaM bhI unakA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha AcArya kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra sabhI matoM meM kI gaI AcArya zabda kI vyAkhyA prAyaH samAna hI hai| AcArya-pada para sthApana kI kriyA ko hI AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi kahate hai| vardhamAnasari ne AcArya-pada kI garimA ko svIkAra karate hue ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra kA ullekha sva-gurusthAnavApti ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai,536 kintu isa saMskAra se sambandhita kriyAoM kA ullekha hameM digambara-paramparA ke AdipurANa meM dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| aNagAradharmAmRta meM bhI mAtra itanA hI ullekha milatA hai ki guru saMgha ke samakSa yaha kahakara ki- Aja se Apa prAyazcittazAstra ke adhyayana, dIkSAdAna Adi AcArya kArya ko kare, picchikA samarpita karate hai aura usakA grahaNa hI AcArya-pada kA grahaNa hai|0deg isake atirikta vahA~ isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI koI ullekha nahIM milate hai| isa vidhi kA spaSTa ullekha humbuja zramaNabhakti saMgraha meM milatA hai, jisakI carcA hama yathAsthAna kreNge| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI hameM isa saMskAra kI vidhi kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA gayA hai| isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana jinazAsana kI bAgaDora ko kisI suvyavasthita hAthoM meM sauMpanA hai| jaina-paramparA meM AcArya ko rAjA kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra rAjya saMcAlana kA bhAra rAjA para hotA hai, usI prakAra sampUrNa saMgha-vyavasthA kA bhAra AcArya para hotA hai| saMgha meM kyA-kyA vyavasthAe~ karanI haiM, kisa muni ko kaunasA kArya sauMpanA hai, kise vAcanAcArya, upAdhyAya yA gaNi Adi ke pada para niyukta karanA hai-yaha saba kArya AcArya hI karatA hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana jinazAsana-vyavasthA ko dRr3ha banAnA hai| 538 hindU dharmakoza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR.-75, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1678. 556 AdipurANa, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-255, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa : 2000. 540 aNagAra dharmAmRta, anu.- paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, adhyAya- navA~, pR.-676, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prathama saMskaraNa :1677.

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266 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha vidhi kisa samaya kareM- isa sambandha meM jyotiSa sambandhI nirdeza spaSTa rUpa se die gae haiM, kintu muni ko kitane varSa kI dIkSAparyAya ke bAda meM AcArya-pada diyA jAnA cAhie-isa sambandha meM hameM AcAradinakara meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu zvetAmbara-paramparA ke Agamagrantha vyavahArasUtra meM AcArya-pada dene hetu jaghanya dIkSA paryAya kA spaSTa rupa se nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jaghanya rupa se pA~ca varSa ke dIkSAparyAya evaM AcArya-pada ke yogya lakSaNoM se yukta hone para hI muni ko AcArya-pada para sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI AcArya-pada dene hetu dIkSAparyAya kA hameM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| usameM hameM mAtra AcArya-pada ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai| saMskAra kA kartA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra AcArya dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM bhI yaha saMskAra AcArya dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai tathA unakI anupasthiti meM saMgha dvArA bhI yaha pada pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra AcArya dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi prajJapta kI hai - AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi vardhamAnasUri ne isa vidhi ke prArambha meM AcAra pada ke yogya lagnAdi kI carcA kI hai| tatpazcAt isameM AcArya-pada ke yogyAyogya muni ke lakSaNoM kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| tadanantara AcArya-padasthApana se pUrva zrAvakoM dvArA kie jAne vAle kAryoM, yathA-vedikA banAnA, yavavapana karanA, mahotsava karanA Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara AcArya-padasthApana kI mUla vidhi kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki lagnadivasa kI pUrvasaMdhyA ke samaya guru AcArya veza ko gaNividyA dvArA abhimaMtrita kara rAtri meM eka sthAna para rakha de tathA zrAvakagaNa usa veza ke samIpa rAtri jAgaraNa kreN| lagna-dina ke Ane para bhAvI AcArya brahmamuhUrta meM uThakara kyA-kyA kriyAe~ kare- isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AcArya-padasthApana kI kriyA hetu caitya meM, yA vizuddha pauSadhazAlA meM, yA tIrtha meM yA manohara udyAna meM samavasaraNa kI sthApanA kraae| tadanantara bhAvI AcArya se samavasaraNa kI tIna pradakSiNA kraae| tatpazcAt AcArya akSapoTTalikA ko pratiSThita evaM abhimaMtrita kreN| isake bAda ziSya dvArA 541 vyavahArasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra.-3/5, pR.-312, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nivedana karane para guru anuyoga ke jJApanArtha solaha mudrAoM se abhimaMtrita vAsakSepa pradAna karate hai tathA use naMdIkriyA karavAte hai| naMdIkriyA meM vizeSa rUpa se saptazatI naMdI kA pATha sunAyA jAtA hai| naMdIkriyA ke pazcAt lagnavelA kaM Ane para pUrva AcArya bhAvI AcArya ko vidhipUrvaka sUrimaMtra tathA akSapoTTalikA pradAna karate hai| tadanantara guru navInAcArya kA nAmakaraNa karate hai| tatpazcAt saMgha navInAcArya para sugandhita cUrNa DAlatA hai| samAna pada ke AkhyApanArtha pUrvAcArya kisa prakAra se nUtanAcArya ko vaMdana Adi kare, isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| tatpazcAt nUtanAcArya dezanA dete hai / dezanA ke bAda pUrvAcArya navInAcArya, anyamuniyoM tathA navInAcArya ke ziSyoM ko kisa prakAra se hitazikSA de, isakA mUlagrantha meM vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt sAdhuvarga dvArA nUtanAcArya ko upakaraNa, pustaka Adi bheMTa karane kA tathA zrAvakoM ko mahotsava Adi karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| tadanantara donoM AcArya anuyoga ke visarjanArtha kisa prakAra se kAyotsarga kareM tathA nUtanAcArya kisa prakAra se pratyAkhyAna kare isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vistArabhaya se usakA ullekha hama yahA~ nahIM kara raheM hai / etadartha vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke paccIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana vaidika - paramparA ke granthoM meM isa saMskAra kI vidhi kA hameM ullekha nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara- paramparA ke granthoM meM hI hameM isa saMskAra kI vidhi milatI hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke vidhi-vidhAna se sambandhita aneka grantha milate haiN| jaise - vidhimArgaprapA, pAdaliptasUrikRta nirvANakalikA, paMcavastu, subodhAsAmAcArI Adi jinakI tulanA hama vardhamAnasUri dvArA prajJapta AcArya padasthApana - vidhi se kreNge| 542 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra ' latAdi saptadoSoM se rahita muni ko dIkSA pradAna karane ke muhUrta ke samAna hI AcArya-padasthApana hetu bhI upayukta nakSatroM meM tathA zubha varSa, mAsa dina aura lagna meM AcArya - padasthApana kI vidhi karanI caahie| AcArya-padasthApana ke lagna meM grahoM kI yuti dIkSA ke samAna tathA varSa, mAsa, dina, nakSatra Adi kI zuddhi kA vicAra vivAha ke samAna karanA caahie| vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI, subodhAsAmAcArI, paMcavastu, nirvANakalikA Adi meM ina saba bAtoM kA vistRta ullekha nahIM karate hue, vahA~ mAtra itanA hI nirdeza diyA 542 267 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-paccIsavA~, pR. 112, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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268 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI gayA hai ki prazasta tithi, karaNa, muhUrta, nakSatra, yoga evaM zubhalagna meM isa vidhi ko kiyA jAnA caahie| digambara-paramparA meM bhI yaha vidhi zubha muhUrta meM kI jAtI hai| AcArya-pada hetu muni meM kina-kina lakSaNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai, isakA vardhamAnasUri ne bahuta vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI Adi meM hameM AcArya-pada ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA itanA vistRta ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi vidhimArgaprapA meM bhI AcArya-pada ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vaha varNana bahuta saMkSipta hai| isake sAtha hI vardhamAnasUri ne AcArya-pada ke ayogya muni ke jina lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, unakA bhI vistRta ullekha hameM ina granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu pravacanasAroddhAra meM AcArya-pada ke ayogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA ullekha avazya milatA hai|43 digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI AcArya ke guNoM kA ullekha milatA hai, AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi se pUrva zrAvakoM dvArA kyA-kyA kArya kie jAne cAhie, unakA bhI ullekha AcAradinakara meM milatA hai| anyatra isa prakAra kA ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| __ AcAradinakara meM AcArya-padasthApana kI jo mUla vidhi batAI gaI, vaha mUla vidhi prAyaH uparyukta sabhI granthoM meM upalabdha AcArya-vidhi ke sadRza hI hai| lagna ke dina kAlagrahaNa karanA, svAdhyAya-prasthApana karanA, AcArya-pada pradAna kA muhUrta nikaTa Ane para pratilekhita bhUmi para kambala Adi kI pratilekhanA kara use AsanarUpa meM bichAnA, sthApanAcArya kI sthApanA karanA, guru dvArA dravya-guNa-paryAya dvArA anuyoga ke anujJArtha naMdIkriyA karanA, caityavaMdana karanA evaM vAsakSepa pradAna karanA, vAsakSepa ko abhimaMtrita karanA, naMdIpATha sunAnA, navInAcArya ko anuyoga kI anujJA pradAna karanA, sUrimaMtra pradAna karanA, sthApanAcArya pradAna karanA, Adi sabhI kriyAe~ vidhimArgaprapA, subodhAsamAcArI, sAmAcArI Adi meM bhI milatI hai| ina granthoM meM varNita vidhi meM kahIM-kahIM AMzika bhinnatA hai| jaise-AcAradinakara meM vAsakSepa ko abhimaMtrita karane hetu solaha mudrAoM ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisakA ullekha hameM anyatra kahIM nahIM milatA hai| ___AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi ke samaya pradAna kie gae sUrimaMtra kI sAdhanA vidhi kyA hai, sAdhanA-vidhi ke samaya sAdhaka ko kina niyamoM kA pAlana karanA 542 pravacanasAroddhAra, anu.-hemaprabhAzrIjI, dvAra-110, pR.-440, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana cAhie, isa maMtra kI kyA mahimA hai- ina sabakA ullekha hameM AcAradinakara meM nahIM milatA hai, jabaki vidhimArgaprapA meM ina saba viSayoM kA ullekha hameM milatA hai| 544 nirvANakalikA meM AcArya pada ke samaya maNDapa, vedikA evaM maNDala Alekhana karane kA bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI anya granthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milA / 545 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara - paramparA ke granthoM meM varNita AcArya - padasthApana kI vidhiyoM meM kahIM samAnatA milatI hai to kahIM asamAnatA bhI dikhAI detI hai| digambara- paramparA ke humbuja zramaNabhakti saMgraha ' meM AcArya - padasthApanA kI jo vidhi dI gaI hai, vaha zvetAmbara - paramparA ke granthoM meM varNita AcArya-padasthApana kI vidhi se bhinna hai / digambara- paramparA meM AcArya - padadAtA sumuhUrta meM zakti ke anusAra zAMtika kara gaNadhara valaya kI pUjA karatA hai, tatpazcAt upAdhyAya - pada kI bhA~ti zrIkhaMDa Adi ke chIMTe dekara vidhipUrvaka saMsthApita kie gae pATa para AcArya pada ke yogya muni ko baiThAte haiN| tadanantara siddha, AcArya kA pATha kara AcArya maMtrapUrvaka paMcAmRta kalaza se bhAvI AcArya ke pairoM ko abhisiMcita kre| tatpazcAt paMDitAcArya nirveda sauSThava ityAdi maharSistavana kA pATha kara bhAvI AcArya ke donoM pairoM ko Age lekara guNoM kA AropaNa karate hai / tadanantara maMtrapUrvaka AhUvAna Adi kara bhAvI AcArya ke donoM pairoM para kapUrayukta caMdana kA tilaka kre| isake bAda zAMti, samAdhi, guru bhakti Adi kA krama calatA hai| zvetAmbara - parAmparA kI bhA~ti hameM vahA~ naMdIkriyA, kAlagrahaNa, svAdhyAya prasthApana, guru dvArA nUtana AcArya ko vandana karanA, pUrvAcArya dvArA nUtana AcAryAdi ko upadeza denA Adi aneka kriyAoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, jisase yaha parilakSita hotA hai ki ina donoM hI paramparAoM ke granthoM meM varNita vidhi prAyaH eka-dUsare se ekadama bhinna hai, kintu ina saba vidhiyoM kA dhyeya AcArya - pada ke yogyamuni ko anuyoga kI anujJA pradAna kara AcArya - pada para sthApita karanA hI hai| upasaMhAra 269 mAnava-jIvana meM AcAra kA bahuta mahatva hai| AcAra ke binA vyakti kA jIvana mAtra aupacArikatAoM se hI bharA hotA hai, ataH jIvana ko sahI arthoM meM 544 nirvANakalikA, pAdaliptAcAryakRta prakaraNa-4, pR. 7 se 8, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1682. humbuja zramaNa bhaktisaMgraha, pR. 466 se 450, zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA, khaNDAkA jaina jvailarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jayapura. 545

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270 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI jIne ke lie vyakti ke jIvana meM AcAra-niyamoM kA pAlana atyanta anivArya hai| vyakti kina AcAroM kA AcaraNa kare, unakA nirdeza yA dizAsUcana kauna kare? yaha bahuta bar3A prazna hai| AcArya hI eka aisA vyaktitva hai, jo svayaM to AcAroM kA pAlana karatA hI hai, dUsaroM ko bhI upadeza dekara una AcAroM kA pAlana karavAtA hai| zAstrakAroM ne AcArya ko prajvalita dIpaka kI upamA dI hai, jo svayaM to prakAzita hotA hai tathA usake samparka meM Ane vAle anya dIpakoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai.46 jaha dIvA dIvasayaM, paippae so ya dippae diivaa| dIva samA AyariyA, dippaMti paraM ca diiveNti|| arthAt eka dIpa saikar3oM dIpoM ko pradIpta karatA hai aura svayaM bhI pradIpta rahatA hai| AcArya bhI apane jJAna ke Aloka se dUsaroM ko Alokita karate hai, aura svayaM bhI pradIpta rahate hai| isake sAtha hI saMgha kI vyavasthAoM ko sucArU rUpa se nirdiSTa karane heta bhI yogya AcArya kA honA paramAvazyaka hai, kyoMki yogya AcArya hI kisa samaya kyA karanA cAhie-isakA nirNaya le sakatA hai| AcArya agara gItArtha ho, to hI vaha ziSya ke saMsAranAzaka pradhAna jJAnAdi guNoM kI vRddhi meM sahAyaka banatA hai, kyoMki ajJAnI AcArya ziSyoM ke saMsAranAzaka pradhAna jJAnAdi guNoM meM vRddhi nahIM kara sakatA hai| yadi jJAnAdi kI guNa-saMpatti svayaM ke pAsa na ho, to usakA AropaNa vaha dUsaroM meM kaise kara sakatA hai? daridra vyakti cAhe ki vaha kisI ko zrImaMta banA de, to bhI vaha use zrImaMta nahIM banA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha svayaM dhanasampatti kA dhAraka nahIM hai; isI prakAra ajJAnI AcArya bhI heyopAdeya kA jJAna hone se ziSyoM ke jJAnAdiguNoM kI vRddhi nahIM kara paataa| ataH ziSyoM ke jJAnA diguNoM kI abhivRddhi hetu yogya muni ko AcArya-pada pradAna karanA Avazyaka hai| pratimodvahana kI vidhi (yatiyoM kI bAraha pratimAoM kI udvahana-vidhi) yatiyoM kI bAraha pratimAoM kI udvahana-vidhi kA svarUpa bhASA jagat meM pratimA zabda ke aneka artha haiM, yathA- pratibimba, samAnatA, AkRti, samarUpatA ityAdi, kintu jaina-paramparA meM pratimA zabda kA 546 bhikSuAgama viSayakoza (bhAga-1), sampAdaka- AcArya mahAprajJa, pR.- 60, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 271 tAtparya eka vizeSArtha meM liyA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA meM pratimA zabda kA tAtparya pratijJA, niyama yA abhigraha se liyA gayA hai| vRttikAra AcArya abhayadevasUri ne bhI sthAnAMgasUtra kI vRtti meM pratimA ko isI artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai| haribhadrasUri ke anusAra pratimAe~ viziSTa kriyA vAle sAdhu kA prazastra adhyavasAyarUpI zarIra hai| viziSTa kriyA vAle zarIra se tathAvidha guNoM kA yoga hotA hai, jinake kAraNa pratimAdhArI sAdhu anya sAdhuoM kI apekSA pradhAna ho jAte haiN| ise sUcita karane ke lie zubhabhAvayukta sAdhu ke zarIra ko bhI pratimA kahA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita yatiyoM kI bAraha pratimAoM kI udvahanavidhi eka viziSTa sAdhanA-paddhati hai| isa sAdhanA paddhati kA vahana sAdhaka kisa prakAra se kare- usase sambandhita vidhi-vidhAnoM kA hI isameM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara jaina-paramparA meM gRhasthoM kI gyAraha aura yatiyoM kI bAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu yati kI bAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha hameM vahA~ dekhane ko nahIM milaa| isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA meM bhI isa prakAra kI vidhi hameM dekhane ko nahIM milii| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra 46 rAga-dveSa se Upara uThakara viSaya parityAgapUrvaka pratimA kA pUrNataH pAlana karane se sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko yogasiddhi hotI hai| jaina-paramparA meM mana-vacana evaM kAyA ke vyApAra ko yoga kahA gayA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se mana-vacana evaM kAyA ke vyApAroM ko virAma mila jAtA hai, kyoMki yadi koI sAdhaka samyak rUpa se pratimA kI paripAlanA karatA hai, to vaha nizcita rUpa se apane paramalakSya ko prApta kara letA hai, aura paramalakSya ko prApta karane para svataH hI mana-vacana evaM kAyA kA vyApAra rUka jAtA hai| ataH yoga-siddhi ke uddezya se hI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra sAdhaka kina nakSatroM, vAroM Adi meM pratimA kA vahana kare- isakA to ullekha milatA hai, kintu kauna-kitanI dIkSAparyAya meM pratimAkalpa ko svIkAra kare-isakA ullekha AcAradinakara meM to nahIM milatA hai, kintu dazAzrutaskandha kI mUla gAthAoM kI TIkA meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| TIkA ke anusAra 50 bhikSupratimA kA ArAdhana karane ke lie prArambha ke tIna saMhanana, 20 varSa kI saMyamaparyAya, 26 varSa kI vaya tathA jaghanyataH naveM pUrva kI vastu kA "dekheH aupapAtikasUtra, madhukaramuni, pR.-38, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa : 1662. paMcAzaka prakaraNa, anu.- dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- aThArahavA~, pR.-313, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1967. 546 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 55degdazAzrutaskandha, madhukaramuni, pR.-64, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa : 1662.

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272 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| haribhadrasari ne bhI paMcAzaka prakaraNa meM kahA hai"sthavirakalpa ke kartavyoM ke pUrNa hone ke bAda hI pratimAkalpa ko svIkAra karanA cAhie," isase pahale sthavira ko pratimAkalpa kA sevana karanA kalpya nahIM hai| isake sAtha haribhadrasUri ne dIkSAdAna ke samaya bhI pratimAkalpa svIkAra karane kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai| unake anusAra abhyudyatamaraNa (samAdhimaraNa) aura pratimAkalpa-ina do meM se kisI eka ko svIkAra karane kI icchA vAlA gaNi guNa aura svalabdhi se yukta sAdhu bhI kalpa Adi ko svIkAra karate samaya bhI sarvaprathama dIkSA lene Ane vAle yogya jIva ko dIkSA de| jo gaNi guNa aura svalabdhi se yukta na ho, to bhI yadi labdhiyukta AcArya kI nizrA vAlA ho, to sarvaprathama dIkSA deM, usake pazcAt pratimAkalpa Adi ko dhAraNa kre| saMkSepa meM sthavira ko gaccha ke prati pUrNa kartavyoM kA nirvAha karake hI pratimAoM kA vahana karanA caahie| saMskAra kA kartA yaha saMskAra kisake dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai-yaha to kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki isa vidhAna meM yogodvahana, vAcanAgrahaNa Adi ke sadRza koI vizeSa kriyA nahIM hotI hai| ataH pratimA ko muni svayaM hI dhAraNa karatA hai, kintu isa hetu guru kI AjJA avazya letA hai| pratimAoM kA udvahana evaM unase sambandhita AcAroM kA pAlana to svayaM hI karanA hotA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi prarUpita kI haiyatiyoM kI bAraha pratimAoM kI udvavahana-vidhi isa vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne bhikSuka kI bAraha pratimAoM kA nAmollekha karate hue pratimAoM ke udvahana ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| tadanantara pratimAoM ke udvahana kI sAmAnyacaryA meM gaccha kA parityAga karake sAdhuoM, pustakoM, pAtroM, vastroM, aura vasati Adi meM nirmamatva bhAva rakhane kA ullekha mUlagrantha meM huA hai| isake bAda pratimA ke prArambha karane ke sambandha meM samucita tithi, nakSatra, vAra Adi vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pahalI pratimA eka mAsa kI hotI hai| isameM muni AhAra tathA pAnI kI eka-eka datti letA hai| phira dUsarI pratimA se lekara chaThavIM pratimA taka eka-eka datti aura eka-eka mAsa kI uttarottara vRddhi kI jAtI hai| sAtavIM pratimA meM 'paMcAzaka prakaraNa, anu.- dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- aThArahavA~, pra.-323-24, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1667.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 273 sAta-sAta dattiyA~ sAta mAsa taka letA hai| AThavIM, navIM aura dasavIM pratimA sAta-sAta ahorAtra kI hotI hai| AThavIM pratimA meM muni nirjala upavAsa aura pAraNe meM ekabhakta karatA hai tathA kAyotsarga ke sAtha utthitta Asana meM rahatA hai| muni navI pratimA meM pUrvokta tapa karate hue utkaTika Asana yA daNDAsana meM tathA dasavIM pratimA meM goduhikA, vIrAsana yA kubjAsana meM sthita rahatA hai| zeSa vidhi AThavIM se dasavIM pratimA taka AThavIM pratimA kI taraha hI hai| gyArahavIM ahorAtri kI pratimA meM muni do dina ke nirjala upavAsa meM bhujAoM ko pralambita kara kAyotsarga karatA hai| bArahavIM eka rAtri kI pratimA meM muni nirjala upavAsa ke tIsare dina nirnimeSa dRSTipUrvaka vyAghrAJcita pANipAda kI sthiti meM rahatA hai-isa prakAra yati kI bAraha pratimAe~ hai| etadartha vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke chabbIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana zvetAmbara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhikSu kI bAraha pratimAoM kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha dazAzrutaskandha, aupapAtikasUtra evaM haribhadrasUrikRta paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM milatA hai| vidhimArgaprapA, subodhAsAmAcArI, nirvANakalikA, sAmAcArI Adi vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI granthoM meM hameM pratimAvAhana-vidhi nahIM milatI hai| __ vardhamAnasUri ne pratimAvahana kI vidhi kA ullekha karane se pUrva pratimA grahaNa karane ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|552 dazAzrutaskandha meM pratimA vahana karane ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kI carcA pRthak se dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| TIkA meM inakA saMkSipta vivecana to milatA hai, kintu mUlagAthAoM meM isakA hameM koI ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| haribhadrasUrikRta paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM isa viSaya kI carcA vistAra se kI gaI hai| yathA53- saMhananayukta (prathama tIna saMghayaNa), dhRtiyukta, mahAsAttvika, bhAvitAtmA, sunirmita, utkRSTa se thor3A kama dasapUrva aura jaghanya se naveM pUrva kI tIsarI vastu taka kA zrutajJAnI, vyutsRSTakAya, tyaktakAya, jinakalpI kI taraha upasarga sahiSNu, abhigrahavAlI eSaNA lene vAlA, alepa AhAra lene vAlA aura abhigraha vAlI upadhi lene vAlA sAdhu hI guru se samyak AjJA prApta kara ina pratimAoM ko svIkAra kara sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vardhamAnasUri ne prathama saMghayaNa (vizeSa zArIrika saMracanA) se yukta muni ko hI ina 52 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-chabbIsavA~, pR.-117, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 553 paMcAzakaprakaraNa, anu.- dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- aThArahavA~, pR.-314, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1667.

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274 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI pratimAoM ke vahana karane yogya batAyA hai, jabaki haribhadrasUri evaM dazAzrutaskandha kI TIkA meM prathama tIna saMghayaNoM se yukta muni ko ina pratimAoM ke vahana karane yogya batAyA gayA hai| - isake bAda vardhamAnasari ne AcAradinakara meM pratimAoM ke udvahana kI sAmAnya caryA kA vivecana kiyA hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita isa sAmAnya caryA kA varNana hameM dazAzrutaskandha evaM paMcAzakaprakaraNa jaise prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu dUsarI ora ina granthoM meM varNita pratimA ArAdhanAkAla ke viziSTa niyamoM evaM abhigrahoM ko vardhamAnasUri ne apane DhaMga se vivecita karane kA prayatna avazya kiyA hai, kyoMki AcAradinakara meM varNita kucha caryAoM kA ullekha hameM dazAzrutaskandha evaM paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM milatA hai aura kucha caryAoM aura abhigrahoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasari ne AcAradinakara meM prathama sAta pratimAoM meM tapa kA jo vivecana kiyA hai, vaisA hI varNana hameM dazAzrutaskandha, paMcAzakaprakaraNa, AvazyakacUrNi Adi meM bhI milatA hai, kintu AThavIM, navIM evaM dasavIM pratimA kI tapazcaryA meM AMzika bheda dRSTigata hotA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra AThavIM, navamI, dazamI pratimA meM prathama dina eka bhakta, dUsare dina nirjala upavAsa, tIsare dina ekabhakta, isa prakAra sAta dina taka ekAntara se nirjala upavAsa ke pAraNe meM ekabhakta kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki dazAzrutaskandha, paMcAzaka prakaraNa, AvazyakacUrNi Adi meM AThavIM, navIM evaM dasavIM pratimA meM sAta-sAta dina taka nirjala upavAsa ke pAraNe, Ayambila karane kA ullekha milatA hai| zeSa gyArahavIM evaM bArahavIM pratimAoM sambandhI tapa kI vivecanA sabhI meM eka jaisI milatI hai| mAsakalpa pUrNa hone ke bAda usa pratimA-sAdhaka kI anumodanA kisa prakAra se kareM- isakA varNana AcAradinakara meM nahIM milatA hai, kintu haribhadrasUrikR ta paMcAzaka prakaraNa kI TIkA meM isa sambandha meM nirdeza dete hue kahA gayA hai ____ "mAsakalpa pUrNa hone ke bAda ArAdhaka muni bhavyatA ke sAtha svagaccha meM praveza kare, jo isa prakAra hai-jisa gA~va yA nagara meM svagaccha ho, usake samIpa ke gA~va meM vaha sAdhu Ae, AcArya usakA parIkSaNa kare aura isakI sUcanA rAjA ko deM aura taba usakI prazaMsA karate hue nagara praveza kraae|" 54 paMcAzakaprakaraNa, anu.- dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- aThArahavA~, pR.-318, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1667.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra zvetAmbara - paramparA ke granthoM meM pratimAvahana sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna meM kahIM-kahIM AMzika bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai / upasaMhAra pratyeka jIva kA yahI lakSya rahatA hai ki samasta karmoM kA kSaya karake paramAtma dazA kA sAkSAtkAra kare evaM mokSa ke paramasukha kI prApti kare / isa lakSya ko kendra meM rakhakara hI sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA karatA hai, kintu mana meM yaha saMzaya ho sakatA hai ki karmavyAdhi kI pravrajyArUpI cikitsA ko bhAva se svIkAra karane vAle sAdhu ko ina pratimAoM ke vahana kA nirdeza kyoM diyA gayA hai? sAdhu ko ina pratimAoM ke vahana kI kyA AvazyakatA hai| ina praznoM kA samAdhAna karate hue paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai -555 "taM cAvatthaMtara miha jAyai tahA saMkiliTThakammAo / patthuyanivAhidaTThAi jaha tahA sammamavaseyaM / / 275 ahigayasuMdara bhAvassa vigdhajaNagaMti saMkiliTTha cA taha ceva taM khavijjai ettocciya gammae eyaM / / arthAt jisa prakAra lUtArogagrasta rAjA kI sarpadaMza Adi ke kAraNa anya bhI vikRta avasthAe~ sambhava hotI haiM, usI prakAra pravrajita sAdhu kI sAdhanA meM azubha karmoM ke udaya se anya vikRtiyA~ AnA sambhava hai, jo pratimA kalparUpa viziSTa cikitsA se hI ThIka hotI hai| pUrvakarmajanya vikRtiyA~ sAmAnya pravrajyA meM vighnakAraka aura saMkliSTa bhAvoM kA kAraNa hotI haiM, isalie pratimAkalparUpa zubha bhAvoM meM ramaNa karake hI una azubha karmoM ko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra pUrva karmoM kA nAza karane hetu pratimAkalpa kA vahana karanA Avazyaka hai| pratimAoM kA vahana samyak rUpa se karane para sAdhanA meM eka aisI parAkASThA A jAtI hai ki jaba sAdhaka apane sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya karake lokAloka prakAzaka kevalajJAna ko prApta kara letA hai| 555 paMcAzakaprakaraNa, anu.- dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- aThArahavA~, pR. 328, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1667.

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276 sAdhvI ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI vidhi sAdhvI ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI vidhi kA svarUpa meM AcAradinakara ke sattAIsaveM udaya (adhyAya) varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA jisa prakAra puruSa ko usI prakAra striyoM ko bhI dIkSA pradAna kI jAtI hai| vizeSa antara nahIM hai, kintu puruSa kI apekSA strI ko dIkSA pradAna karate samaya jina-jina bAtoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA cAhie, isakA isa udaya meM vizeSa rUpa se varNana kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kitane prakAra kI striyA~ dIkSA grahaNa karane ke ayogya hotI haiM, dIkSA ke pUrva unheM kina-kina kI anumati prApta karanA Avazyaka hotA hai- ina sabakA bahuta saMkSipta, kintu sundara vivecana granthakAra ne isa grantha meM kiyA hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA ke atirikta digambara - paramparA meM bhI striyoM ko sAdhvI- AryikAdIkSA pradAna kI jAtI hai, yaha bAta bhinna hai ki ve unakI dIkSA ko upacAra- dIkSA mAnate haiN| unake anusAra strI paramArthataH mahAvrata grahaNa karane kI adhikAriNI nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha nagna nahIM ho sakatI hai aura digambara - paramparA ke anusAra nagna hue binA aparigraha mahAvrata dhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH strI ko vratAropaNa upacAra se hotA hai, digambara - paramparA meM strI kI dIkSAvidhi kA koI alaga se ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milA, yadyapi digambara-granthoM meM aneka striyoM dvArA sAdhvI yA AryikAdIkSA grahaNa karane ke ullekha milate hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina- paramparA kI acela dhArA kA eka sampradAya, jise yApanIya sampradAya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, strI dIkSA kA spaSTa rUpa se samarthana karatA hai aura strI meM mahAvratAropaNa bhI svIkAra karatA hai / vaidika-paramparA meM nAriyoM ke saMnyAsAzrama grahaNa karane ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa vicAra nahIM milate haiN| kucha vaidika - vidvAn strI dvArA saMnyAsAzrama ko svIkAra karanA ucita mAnate haiM, to kucha vidvAn use pApa samajhate hai / 556 kintu hindU-granthoM meM aneka sAdhviyoM yA saMnyAsiniyoM ke ullekha milate hai, lekina strI dvArA saMnyAsAzrama grahaNa karane kI svataMtra vidhi hameM vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI dekhane ko nahIM milii| sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI strI - dIkSA dIkSA pradAna donoM kI pratyeka vidhi-vidhAna kA kucha na kucha prayojana hotA hai aura usI prayojana se abhibhUta hokara janasAmAnya dvArA ve vidhi-vidhAna kie jAte hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana ke Arambhika kAla meM striyoM ko samAja meM pUrNa sammAna kA kI vidhi kA kI jAtI hai, dIkSA - vidhi meM 556 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe (prathama bhAga ), adhyAya- 28, pR. 467, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana darjA prApta nahIM thA, kintu mahAvIrasvAmI ne striyoM ko samAja aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sammAnapUrNa sthAna pradAna kiyaa| unhoMne zrAvakasaMgha ke sAtha zrAvikAsaMgha kI aura munisaMgha ke sAtha sAdhvIsaMgha kI bhI sthApanA kii| isa prakAra unhoMne striyoM ke mahatva ko sthApita kiyA / yadyapi jaina - paramparA meM bhI puruSa kI pradhAnatA mAnI gaI hai, kintu nAriyA~ bhI apane ko dharma ke kSetra meM samarpita kara sakatI haiN| strI ko kitane varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA pradAna karanI cAhie, isakA ullekha hameM AcAradinakara meM nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA ke anya granthoM meM bhI vizeSa rUpa se striyoM kI dIkSA ke viSaya meM Ayu sambandhI koI niyama hameM nahIM milatA hai| sAmAnyatayA jaina AgamoM meM pravrajyA yogya jIvoM ko munivrata grahaNa karane ke lie vaya pramANa jaghanya se ATha varSa evaM utkRSTa se atyanta vRddha na ho, taba taka kA kahA hai|557 nizIthacUrNi58 meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "AdeseNa vA gabmaTThamassa dikkhatti", arthAt garbha ke nau mAsa sahita ATha varSIya bAlaka-bAlikA ko dIkSA dI jA sakatI hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhI sAmAnyataH strIdIkSA kI vaya ke sambandha meM yahI avadhAraNA hogI - aisA hama mAna sakate hai / bauddha paramparA meM bhikkhutti pAcittiya niyama ke anusAra 12 varSa se kama kI vivAhita zikSamANA tathA 20 varSa se kama kI avivAhitA zikSamANA ko upasampadA denA niSiddha thA, arthAt isase kama umra meM vaha bhikSuNI nahIM bana sakatI hai- isa prakAra bauddha - paramparA meM bhI dIkSA pradAna karate samaya Ayu kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai| saMskAra kA karttA - 556 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra sthaviramuni yA AcArya dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, kintu vezadAna anya sAdhvI dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| ' digambara- paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra AcArya dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI hai sAdhvI ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI vidhi 277 isa vidhi kA pratipAdana karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama dIkSA grahaNa karane ke ayogya bIsa prakAra kI striyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / tadanantara yaha 557 paMcavastu, anu.- AcArya rAjazekharasUrIzvarajI, prakaraNa- 1, pR. 30, arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, baoNmbe, dvitIya saMskaraNa. 556 pravacanasAroddhAra, anu. - hemaprabhAzrIjI, dvAra - 107, pR. 433, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1666. 55 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-sattAIsavA~, pR. 118, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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278 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI batAyA gayA hai ki kumArI yA vivAhitA ke vairAgyavAsita hone para usake svajanoM yathA- pati,putra, pitA yA bandhujanoM se anujJA hone para hI use pravrajita kreN| usake binA use dIkSA lenA yA denA nahIM kalpatA hai| sAdhvI kI sampUrNa dIkSAvidhi munidIkSA-vidhi ke samAna hI hai, mAtra zikhAsUtra kA upanayana AcArya yA guru ke dvArA nahIM hotA hai aura vezadAna bhI guru ke hAthoM se nahIM hotA hai| etadartha vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke sattAIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana zvetAmbara-paramparA ke granthoM meM sAdhviyoM ko dIkSA pradAna karane sambandhI kisI pRthak vidhi-vidhAna kA varNana nahIM milatA hai| sAmAnyataH puruSa ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI jo vidhi hai, vahI vidhi strIdIkSA ke sambandha meM bhI pracalita rahI hai, jise svayaM granthakAra ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM sAdhvI ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI vidhi kyA rahI hai- isa sambandha meM kucha kahanA kaThina kArya hai, kyoMki digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM sAdhvI ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI kisI svataMtra vidhi kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| dUsare, digambara-paramparA meM sAdhvI ko mahAvratoM kA AropaNa upacAra se mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki usakI AryikAdIkSA bhI savastra hI hotI hai| digambara-paramparA kA kahanA hai ki vastra parigraha hai ataH sAdhvI ko paramArthataH aparigraha mahAvrata nahIM hotA hai, kintu yApanIya-sampradAya meM sAdhvI ke vastra ko saMyamopakaraNa mAnakara use aparigraha-mahAvrata paramArthataH mAnA gayA hai| bauddha-paramparA meM bhI striyoM ko dIkSA pradAna karane tathA usakI vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| jisa prakAra jaina-paramparA meM prArambha se hI strIdIkSA ke ullekha milate hai, bauddha-dharma meM striyoM kA saMghapraveza dharma ke saMsthApaka kI icchA ke viparIta tathA aneka AzaMkAoM ke sAtha huA thA,560 jisake pariNAmasvarUpa pravrajyA se pUrva unheM ATha gurudharmA, arthAt zartoM ke pAlana kA bandhana thA, kintu jainadharma meM striyoM ke saMghapraveza ko kisI AzaMkA kI dRSTi se nahIM dekhA gayA thA aura na hI unake lie bauddha-paramparA kI bhA~ti kucha zartoM kA pAlana anivArya mAnA gayA, yadyapi puruSa ko jyeSTha mAnakara sthavira sAdhvI bhI navadIkSita muni ko vaMdana kare- yaha-paramparA donoM meM hI samAna hai| jaina aura bauddha-donoM saMghoM meM jAti, dharma, raMga, rUpa, liMga, kA khyAla kie binA pratyeka strI-purUSa ko praveza kI anumati thI, tathApi saMgha ko sucArU 26 jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha, DaoN. arUNapratApasiMha, adhyAya-1, pR.-12, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1683.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rUpa se calAne ke lie evaM saMgha kI pratiSThA tathA surakSA ke lie praveza sambandhI kucha niyama the| jaina - paramparA ke anusAra bIsa prakAra ke doSoM se yukta striyoM ko dIkSA ke ayogya mAnA jAtA thA / sthAnAMgaTIkA, ,561 pravacanasArodvAra" -562 Adi meM ina doSoM kA varNana milatA hai, vardhamAnasUri ne bhI AcAradinakara meM inhIM doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI bhikSuNIsaMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI bhikSuNIsaMgha meM praveza sambandhI ayogyatAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 63 vahA~ zArIrika evaM mAnasika dRSTi se vikR ta, rogiNI evaM RNagrasta nArI ko dIkSA ke ayogya mAnA jAtA thaa| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra strI ko dIkSAgrahaNa se pUrva apane saMrakSakoM kI anumati lenA anivArya thaa| digambara evaM bauddha - paramparA meM bhI strI ko dIkSA pradAna karate samaya isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| binA anumati ke saMgha meM praveza dene se kaTutA bar3hatI thI, ataH isa vivAda se bacane ke lie strI ko dIkSA grahaNa karane se pUrva usake saMrakSakoM kI anumati lenA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thaa| jaina evaM bauddha paramparA meM strI ko dIkSA grahaNa karane se pUrva kucha niyamoM ko sIkhanA Avazyaka thaa| jaina paramparA meM strI ko dIkSA se pUrva kSullikA ke rUpa meM una niyamoM kA prazikSaNa diyA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra bauddha bhikSuNIsaMgha meM bhI nArI ko zrAmaNerI ke rUpa meM dasa zikSApadoM tathA zikSamANA ke rUpa meM kama se kama do varSa taka SaDniyamoM kI jAnakArI prApta karanA hotI thI, taduparAnta usakI upasampadA hotI thii|164 jaina - paramparA ke sAmAyikacAritra evaM chedopasthApanA cAritra ke samAna hI bauddha paramparA meM bhI dIkSA aura upasampadA kI vyavasthA hai| - strIdIkSA sambandhI uparyukta bAtoM meM jaina- paramparA evaM bauddha paramparA kI vicAradhArAoM meM to samAnatA dikhAI detI hai, kintu unakI dIkSA - vidhi Adi meM kucha bhinnatA bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| bauddha bhikSuNIsaMgha meM upasampadA prApta karane ke lie zikSamANA ko lambI prakriyA se gujaranA par3atA thA / usa hetu bhikSu aura bhikSuNI- donoM saMghoM kI sahamati anivArya thI / sarvaprathama bhikSuNIsaMgha meM tatpazcAt 279 561. 'sthAnAMgasUtra, sampAdaka- muni zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI, sUtra -3/202, TIkA pR. 154 se 155, Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sAMDerAva, rAjasthAna. 562 pravacanasAroddhAra, anu. - hemaprabhAzrIjI, dvAra - 108, pR. 437, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa : . 1666. 56 jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha, DaoN. arUNapratApasiMha, adhyAya- 1, pR. 20, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1683. 564 jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha, DaoN. arUNapratApasiMha, adhyAya- 1, pR. 30, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1683.

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280 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI bhikSusaMgha meM upasampadA prApta karane ke lie vijJapti tathA tIna bAra anuzrAvaNa kI vidhi kI jAtI thI tathA anta meM dhAraNA dvArA saMgha kI mauna sahamati se usakI svIkRti kI sUcanA milatI thii| jainasAdhvI saMgha meM strI ko dIkSA grahaNa karane hetu itanI lambI prakriyA se nahIM gujaranA par3atA thaa| kSullikA yA sAmAyikacAritra ke rUpa meM prazikSaNa grahaNa karane ke bAda eka nizcita kAlAvadhi ke pazcAt use pravrajyA pradAna kara dI jAtI thii| bauddha-bhikSuNIsaMgha meM upasampadA pradAna karane ke pazcAt bhikSuNI ko tIna nizraya tathA ATha akaraNIya karma batalAe jAte the| jainasAdhviyoM ke sandarbha meM isa prakAra ke nizraya tathA akaraNIya karmoM kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai, yadyapi inakA pAlana jaina-bhikSuNIsaMgha meM bhI hotA thaa|55 isa prakAra jaina tathA bauddha-paramparA meM strIdIkSA kI vidhi meM kucha samAnatAe~ evaM kucha asamAnatAe~ dRSTigata hotI haiN| upasaMhAra - vardhamAnasUri dvArA varNita yaha saMskAra striyoM ko dIkSA pradAna karane hetu hai| striyoM ko dIkSA pradAna karate samaya nimna doSoM kA parihAra karanA Avazyaka hai _566 (1) bAla (2) vRddha (3) napuMsaka (4) strIklIba (5) jaDDa (6) vyAdhigrasta (7) stena (8) rAjApakArI (6) unmatta (10) adarzana (11) dAsa (12) duSTa (13) mUr3ha (14) juMgita (15) avabaddhaka (16) bhRtya (17) RNAta (18) zaikSanispheTikA (16) garbhiNI evaM (20) baalvtsaa|| ina doSoM se rahita strI hI gRhIta vrata kA samyak paripAlana kara sakatI hai, kyoMki yadi strI bAlikA hogI, to apane caMcala svabhAvavaza dezavirati yA sarvavirati grahaNa nahIM kara sakegI, vRddha hogI, to jyeSTha ke prati bhI vinaya nahIM kara pAegI, napuMsaka hogI, to viSayabhoga ke AvegoM kI tIvratA ke kAraNa gRhIta vratoM kA samyak pAlana nahIM kara pAegI, ityaadi| ina saba bAtoM kA vicAra karake hI strI ko dIkSA dI jAnI cAhie, kadAcit dIkSA pradAna karate samaya ina doSoM kA dhyAna nahIM rakhA jAe, to usase sAdhvI-samudAya kA apayaza to hotA hI hai, usake sAtha hI jinazAsana kI bhI nindA hotI hai| yadi koI AcArya binA kisI parIkSaNa 565jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha, DaoN. aruNapratApasiMha, adhyAya-1, pR.-31, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1983. 16 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-unnIsavA~, pR.-74, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 281 ke garbhiNI strI ko dIkSA pradAna kara de aura samaya-prasAra hone para garbha ke lakSaNa prakaTa hone lage, to loga use to vyabhicAriNI kaheMge hI, sAtha hI sAtha jinazAsana kI bhI AlocanA kareMge ki jaina sAdhu-sAdhvI caritrahIna hote hai; aadi| dIkSA ke samaya ina doSoM kA parihAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha dIkSArthI ke svajanoM kI anujJA prApta karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM yaha niyama atyanta upayogI hai| vartamAna meM hama dekhate haiM ki kitane hI sAdhu-sAdhvI mAtA-pitA yA pati kI anujJA ke binA hI strI ko dIkSA pradAna kara dete haiM, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa logoM meM dharma ke prati AsthA kama hotI jAtI hai aura loga dharma se vimukha hote jAte haiM; ataH vardhamAnasUri ne striyoM ko dIkSA pradAna karane hetu jina niyamoM kI carcA kI hai, ve ati Avazyaka haiN| pravartinI-padasthApana-vidhi pravartinI-padasthApana-vidhi kA svarUpa sAdhvI-samudAya kA pravartana karane vAlI sAdhvI ko pravartinI kahate haiN| inakA mukhya kArya sAdhviyoM ko vAcanA pradAna karane kA hotA hai| jisa prakAra munisaMgha meM vAcanAcArya kA pada hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra sAdhvI-samudAya meM pravartinI kA pada hotA hai| yadyapi vAcanAcArya kI apekSA pravartinI ke adhikAra sImita hote haiM, kintu donoM kA mukhya kArya to unake Azrita ziSya evaM ziSyAoM ko vAcanA dene kA hI hotA hai| vAcanAcArya-pada pradAna karane kI vidhi kA ullekha to pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai, yahA~ mAtra pravartinI pada pradAna karane kI vidhi kA hI ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| kina-kina guNoM se yukta sAdhvI isa pada hetu yogya hotI hai, pravartinI-pada para ArUr3ha hone ke bAda usake dvArA kauna-kauna se kArya karaNIya haiM tathA kauna-kauna se kArya akaraNIya haiM-ina sabakA vistRta vivecana isa vidhi meM kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vidhimArgaprapA ko choDakara anyatra kahIM bhI isa vidhi kA ullekha hameM svataMtra rUpa se dekhane ko nahIM milaa| "vidhimArgaprapA" meM bhI granthakAra ne isa vidhi kA vistRta vivecana nahIM karate hue mAtra itanA hI nirdeza diyA hai567 "sA ya pavattiNIpayAbhilAveNa vAyaNAyariyapayaTThavaNAtullA, maMto so ceva, navaraM khaMdhakaraNI laggavelAe dijji| sesaM savvaM nisijjAi tahevA" 56degvidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, pR.-71, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000.

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282 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI arthAt vaha pravartinI-padasthApana-vidhi pravartinI-pada ke AlApaka se, arthAt pravartinI-pada ke nAmoccAraNapUrvaka vAcanAcAryapadasthApana vidhi ke samAna hI jAnanI cAhie aura maMtradAna bhI vAcanAcAryapadasthApana-vidhi ke samAna hI hai| vizeSa yaha hai ki lagna-samaya meM skandhakaraNI dI jAtI hai| zeSa sabhI AsanAdi vidhAna vAcanAcAryapadasthApanA-vidhi kI taraha hI samajhanA caahie| digambara-paramparA meM AryikAoM meM isa pada kI vyavasthA nahIM hotI hai, vahA~ mAtra gaNinI (mahattarA) pada kI hI vyavasthA hameM dekhane ko milI, jisakI carcA hama yathAsthAna kreNge| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI hameM isa prakAra ke pada aura usake vidhi-vidhAna kA vistRta ullekha nahIM milatA hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM bhI vidita hai ki munijIvana meM vAcanA kA bahuta hI mahatva hai, kyoMki vAcanA se na kevala pratyakSataH jJAna kI abhivRddhi hotI hai, balki parokSataH mokSasukha kI bhI prApti hotI hai| sAdhuoM kI bhA~ti hI sAdhviyoM ko bhI adhikAdhika vAcanA kA avasara prApta ho-isa uddezya se sAdhvI-samudAya meM yogya sAdhvI ko pravartinI-pada para niyukta kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi vAcanAcArya bhI sAdhviyoM ko vAcanA dete haiM, kintu dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA unakI bhI kucha maryAdAe~ hotI haiM- isa vyavahAra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI vAcanA pradAna karane ke lie yogya sAdhvI ko pravartinI-pada para niyukta kiyA jAtA hai, jisase vaha adhika samaya taka sAdhviyoM ko vAcanA pradAna kara ske| yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, arthAt pravartinI-pada pradAna karate samaya sAdhvI kina-kina guNoM se yukta ho, arthAt pravartinI pada ke yogya sAdhvI meM kyA-kyA lakSaNa hone cAhie-isakI vistRta carcA isa grantha meM milatI hai| yathA'68 "vaha indriyoM ko jItane vAlI ho, vinItA ho, kRtayoginI ho, Agama ko dhAraNa karane vAlI ho, madhurabhASI ho, spaSTavaktA ho, karUNAmayI ho, dharmopadeza meM sadA nirata rahane vAlI ho, guru evaM gaccha ke prati snehazIla ho, zAnta ho, vizuddhazIla vAlI ho ......... ityaadi|" saMskAra kA kartA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra AcArya athavA unakI anupasthiti meM mahattarA dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| AcArya apane gaccha ke sampUrNa sAdhu-sAdhviyoM 56AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya - aTThAIsavA~, pR.-120, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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varthamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 283 ke dharmazAsaka hote haiM, ataH unakA nirNaya sAdhvIsaMgha ko bhI svIkAra karanA hotA hai| ve hI yogyatA kA parIkSaNa kara kisI sAdhvI ko isa pada para niyukta karate hai, kintu vyavahArasUtra ke anusAra66 sAdhviyA~ yA pravartinI Adi bhI anya yogya sAdhvI ko pravartinI-pada para niyukta kara sakatI haiN| __ AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pravedita kI haipravartinI padasthApana kI vidhi vardhamAnasUri ne isa vidhi meM sarvaprathama pravartinI pada ke yogya sAdhvI ke lakSaNoM kI carcA kI hai| tadanantara pravartinI-padasthApana kI mUla vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra guNoM se yukta sAdhvI ko jisane loca tathA alpaprAsuka jala se snAna kiyA huA hai, pravartinI pada pradAna karane kI vidhi zrAvakajana ko bar3e mahotsava pUrvaka karanA caahie| isake lie sarvaprathama samavasaraNa kI sthApanA kreN| tatpazcAt bhAvI pravartinI samavasaraNa kI tIna pradakSiNA kara pravartinI-pada pradAna kie jAne hetu naMdIkriyA, vAsakSepa evaM caityavaMdana kI anujJA prApta karane hetu guru ke samakSa nivedana kre| tatpazcAt guru vardhamAnavidyA se abhimaMtrita vAsakSepa pradAna kara use naMdIkriyA evaM caityavaMdana vagairaha kraae| tadanantara lagnabelA ke Ane para guru vidhipUrvaka pravartinI ko SoDazAkSarI parameSThIvidyAmaMtra tathA parameSThImaMtra kA cakrapaTa pradAna kre| tatpazcAt use laghunaMdI kA pATha sunaae| caturvidha saMgha dvArA vAsakSepa prakSipta karane ke pazcAt guru use karaNIya kAryoM kI anujJA evaM akaraNIya kAryoM kA niSedha karate haiN| ____ etadartha vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke aTThAIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| upasaMhAra sAmAnyataH kisI bhI kArya ke saphala saMcAlana hetu eka nizcita vidhi kA honA Avazyaka hai| vidhipUrvaka kiyA gayA kArya nizcita rUpa se siddhi ko prApta karatA hai-isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| vyavahAra meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki kisI vyakti ko kisI sAmAnya pada para niyukta karane ke lie use janasAmAnya ke samakSa pratijJA karavAI jAtI hai tathA usa kArya se sambandhita dAyitva sauMpe jAte haiM, jisase ki vaha apane kArya ke prati sajaga rhe| jaba sAmAnya vyavahAra meM bhI ina saba bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai, to phira pravartinI jaise pramukha pada para to ina saba "vyavahArasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra - 5/13-14, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa, 1662.

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284 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA aura bhI Avazyaka hai| dharma meM to inakI upekSA karanA ucita hai hI nhiiN| ina vidhi-vidhAnoM ke kAraNa vyakti apane dAyitvoM ke prati pUrNa rUpa se sajaga rahatA hai| sAdhvI-samudAya meM pravartinI kA pada eka mahatvapUrNa pada hai| pravartinI-pada para sthita sAdhvI yadi yogya ho aura apane dAyitvoM ke prati pUrNa sajaga ho, to hI vaha apane Azrita sAdhviyoM ko samyak jJAna pradAna kara sakatI hai, isalie kisI yogya sAdhvI, jo ki sauMpe gae kArya ko bhalI-bhA~ti karane meM sakSama ho-use pravartinI-pada para niyukta kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| pravartinI-pada para ArUr3ha hone ke bAda unake dvArA kauna-kauna se kArya karaNIya haiM aura kauna-kauna se akaraNIya haiM-isakA jJAna honA bhI Avazyaka hai| AcAradinakara meM isakA spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, jisase kI vaha karaNIya kAryoM ko Acarita kara sake aura akaraNIya kAryoM kA niSedha kara ske| isa prakAra sAdhvI-saMgha kI vyavasthA hetu yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai| __ mahattarApadasthApana-vidhi mahattarA-padasthApana-vidhi kA svarUpa mahattarA-padasthApana-vidhi kA svarUpa jAnane se pahale yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki mahattarA kise kahate haiM? mahattarA zabda kA tAtparya hai-pradhAna yA mukhiyA, arthAt jo sAdhvI samudAya meM pradhAna ho, use mahattarA kahate haiN| sAdhvI ko mahattarA-pada para kisa vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka niyukta kiyA jAe- isakA isa vidhi meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa vidhi meM mahattarA-pada ke yogya sAdhvI ke lakSaNa, unake dvArA karaNIya kAryoM Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA meM prAcInakAla se hI zramaNIsaMgha meM isa pada kI vyavasthA rahI hai| itihAsa meM yAkinI mahattarA Adi ke aise aneka ullekha milate haiM, jo yaha sUcita karate haiM ki prAcIna samaya meM bhI sAdhviyoM ko mahattarA-pada se vibhUSita kiyA jAtA thaa| vardhamAnasUri ne bhI isI paramparA kA anukaraNa karate hue ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI gaNinI (mahattarA) pada kI vyavasthA dekhane ko milatI hai, use vahA~ sAdhviyoM kA gaNadhara kahA jAtA hai| kintu isakI kyA vidhi hai? isakA ullekha hameM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM mahattarA-pada ke yogya sAdhvI ke lakSaNa tathA unake kAryoM Adi kA saMkSipta ullekha milatA hai, kintu svatantra rUpa se inake kAryoM Adi kI vistRta carcA hameM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa saMskAra ke samAna kisI anya saMskAra kA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milaa|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 285 isa saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana sAdhvI-samudAya kA saMcAlana karane vAlI sAdhvI ko sAdhvI-pramukha ke pada para niyukta karanA hai| yadyapi sAdhviyA~ AcArya ke netRtva meM hI apanI saMyamayAtrA sampanna karatI haiM, kintu AcArya sAdhviyoM ke pratyeka kArya kI dekha-rekha kara sake-yaha sambhava nahIM hai, ataH unakA samyak saMcAlana karane hetu kisI yogya sAdhvI ko mahattarA-pada para niyukta karane ke prayojana se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| mahattarA kA pada pravartinI ke apekSA ucca yA zreSTha hotA hai| yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, arthAt kitanI dIkSAparyAya vAlI sAdhvI ko yaha pada pradAna karanA cAhie-isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha hameM AcAradinakara meM bhI nahIM milatA hai, kintu mahattarA-pada ke yogya sAdhvI ke kyA-kyA lakSaNa haiM, usakA isameM vistRta vivecana milatA hai| jisa prakAra muni-samudAya meM AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi padoM para AsIna hone ke lie yogyatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha nizcita dIkSAparyAya kA honA bhI Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra kA koI nirdeza hameM pravartinI yA mahattarA-pada ke sambandha meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| saMskArakartA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha vidhi AcArya dvArA hI karavAI jAtI hai| vartamAna meM yaha saMskAra AcArya kI anupasthiti meM unake nirdezAnusAra anya variSTha sAdhviyoM dvArA bhI kiyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pravedita kI haimahattarApada-sthApanA-vidhi isa vidhi meM sarvaprathama mahattarA-pada ke yogya sAdhvI ke lakSaNoM ko batAyA gayA hai| tadanantara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isa vidhi hetu zubha nakSatra, tithi, vAra evaM lagna Adi AcArya padasthApanA vidhi ke samAna hI dekhA jAtA hai| isa avasara para amAri ghoSaNA karavAnA Adi sabhI kriyAe~ AcArya-padasthApana-vidhi ke samAna hI kI jAtI hai| mahattarApada ke yogya sAdhvI loca karake lagnadina ke Ane para prabhAtakAla kA grahaNa kare tathA svAdhyAya prasthApana kre| mahattarA-padasthApana kI vidhi bhI pravartinI-padasthApana-vidhi ke sadRza hI hai| mAtra itanA vizeSa hai ki vahA~ 57degAcAradinakara, varSamAnasUrikRta, udaya- unatIsavA~, pR.-120, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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286 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI "pravartinIpada ke anujJArtha" Adi zabdoM ke sthAna para "mahattarApada ke anujJArtha" Adi zabda bole jAte haiM tathA bhAvI mahattarA para guru pA~ca mudrAoM se abhimaMtrita vAsakSepa nikSipta karate haiN| tadanantara lagnabelA ke Ane para guru mahattarA ke kandhe para kAmbalI rakhate haiM aura usake hAtha meM Asana dete hai| tatpazcAt usI lagnabelA meM guru vidhipUrvaka usake dAe~ kAna meM sampUrNa vardhamAnavidyA tIna bAra bolate hai tathA vardhamAnavidyApaTa pradAna karate haiN| tatpazcAt bhAvI mahattarA kA nAmakaraNa kara guru use AzIrvAda pradAna karate haiM tathA Avazyaka karaNIya kAryoM kA nirdeza dete haiN| tatpazcAt 'nUtana mahattarA guru ko vaMdana kara Ayambila ke pratyAkhyAna letI hai| tadanantara sAdhviyA~, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA varga mahattarA ko vaMdana karate haiN| anta meM mahattarA dharmopadeza pradAna karatI hai| vidhi ke anta meM vardhamAnasUri ne sva evaM paragaccha meM mahattarA-pada se sambandhita pracalita avadhAraNAoM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa una sabakI carcA hama yahA~ nahIM kreNge| etadartha vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke unatIsaveM udaya ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM mahattarA-pada sthApana-vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI granthoM meM hameM isa vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai, jinakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hama yahA~ prastuta kreNge| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara ke atirikta mahattarApada ke yogya evaM ayogya sAdhvI ke lakSaNoM kA vistRta vivecana zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI anya granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM yadyapi gaNinI (mahattarA) pada ke yogya AryikA ke lakSaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu yaha ullekha bahuta hI saMkSipta rUpa meM milatA hai| isa sambandha meM gacchAcAra painnA meM mAtra itanA hI ullekha milatA hai ki zIlavatI, sukRta karane vAlI, kulIna aura gambhIra aMtaHkaraNa vAlI, gaccha meM mAnya AryikA mahattarA-pada ko prApta karatI hai| isake atirikta aura koI carcA hameM isa sambandha meM vahA~ nahIM milatI "dekheH mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. phUlacandra jaina, adhyAya-5, pR.-422 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNaH 1687.

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287 vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra AcArya-pada kI bhA~ti hI zubha nakSatra, tithi, vAra evaM lagna meM sAdhvI ko mahattarA-pada pradAna karanA caahie| isa sambandha meM prAyaH vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI granthoM ke sabhI granthakAroM kA mataikya hai| ___ AcAradinakara meM mahattarA-pada pradAna karane se pUrva zrAvakoM dvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM, yathA'72- amAri ghoSaNA karanA, vedI banavAnA, jvArAropaNa karanA ityAdi kriyAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI, subodhAsAmAcArI Adi meM hameM zrAvakoM dvArA ina kriyAoM ke kie jAne kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| mahattarA pada pradAna karane kI mUla vidhi prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM eka sadRza hI hai| kahIM-kahIM apanI-apanI guru paramparA ke kAraNa AMzika bhinnatA avazya dRSTigocara hotI hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra mahattarA-pada ke anujJArtha jo vAsakSepa abhimaMtrita kiyA jAtA hai, use pA~ca mudrAoM, yathA73- saubhAgyamudrA, parameSThImudrA garUr3amudrA, mudgaramudrA evaM kAmadhenumudrA se abhimaMtrita kiyA jAnA caahie| vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI, subodhA sAmAcArI meM vAsakSepa ko abhimaMtrita karane kA to ullekha milatA hai, kintu use pA~ca mudrAoM se abhimaMtrita kareisakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isI prakAra AcAradinakara meM varddhamAnavidyA pradAna karane ke bAda mahattarA sAdhvI ko vardhamAnavidyApaTa dene kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI, subodhA sAmAcArI Adi meM mahattarA-pada pradAna karane ke pazcAt sAdhvI ko vardhamAnavidyApaTa pradAna karane kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasari ne mahattarA dvArA karaNIya evaM akaraNIya kAryoM kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai, yathA- he vatsa! sAdhviyoM ko dIkSA denA, gRhasthoM ko vratoM kI anujJA denA, sAdhu evaM sAdhviyoM ko anuzAsita karanA, zrAvikAvarga dvArA dvAdazAvartasahita vaMdana karavAnA, ityAdi kArya yathAvidhi tuma sampanna kara sakatI ho, parantu tumheM muni dIkSA dene evaM pratiSThA karavAne kI anujJA nahIM hai-ityAdi", kintu sAmAcArI evaM subodhAsAmAcArI meM mahattarA ke kAryoM sambandhI vidhi-niSedhoM kA nirdeza (ullekha) hameM nahIM milatA hai| vidhimArgaprapA 1622. 572AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- unatIsavA~, pR.-120, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 57'AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- unatIsavA~, pR.-120, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- unatIsavA~, pR.-121, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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288 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI meM mahattarA ko zikSA pradAna karate samaya usake kAryoM se sambandhita kucha dizA-nirdeza avazya milate haiN| AcAradinakara meM mahattarA ke kAryoM se sambandhita nirdeza meM hameM eka vizeSatA dekhane ko milI, vaha yaha hai ki sAmAnyataH mahattarA kA kArya sAdhvI- samudAya ko hI anuzAsita karane kA hotA hai, kintu vardhamAnasUri ne mahattarApada para vibhUSita sAdhvI ko sAdhu evaM sAdhvI - donoM ko hI anuzAsita karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vidhimArgaprapA meM mahattarA dvArA mAtra sAdhviyoM ko hI anuzAsita karane kA nirdeza milatA hai 75 aura vartamAna meM bhI yahI paramparA dRSTigata hotI hai, kintu vardhamAnasUri ne mahattarA ke kAryakSetra ko vyApaka karate hue sAdhviyoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhuoM ko bhI anuzAsita karane kA ullekha kiyA hai, yaha alaga bAta hai ki vyavahAra meM isakA pracalana nahIM hai| yadyapi gaNa yA gaccha meM AcArya yA suyogya sAdhu kA abhAva hone para mahattarA isa dAyitva kA nirvAha karatI hogI - aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| AcAradinakara meM mahattarA - pada pradAna karane sambandhI anya gacchoM kI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne svagaccha kI mAnyatAoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unake anusAra anya sabhI gacchoM meM pUrvadIkSita, arthAt adhika saMyamaparyAya vAlI, athavA vRddhA sAdhviyoM ko mahattarA - pada pradAna kiyA jAtA hai, kintu granthakAra ke svagaccha meM kama dIkSA paryAya aura tarUNAvasthA vAlI sAdhvI ko mahattarA - pada pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM to prAyaH sabhI gacchoM meM pUrvadIkSita, arthAt adhika saMyamaparyAya vAlI sAdhvI ko hI mahattarA - pada pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM, ki vibhinna granthoM meM prajJapta mahattarApadasthApanA kI vidhiyoM meM kahIM-kahIM kucha asamAnatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI hai / upasaMhAra tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke pazcAt isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA evaM AvazyakatA ke sambandha meM vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| jaina- paramparA meM mahattarA - pada kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| munisaMgha meM jo sthAna AcArya kA hotA hai, vahI sthAna sAdhvIsaMgha meM mahattarA kA hotA hai, kyoMki sAdhvIvarga meM paramparAgata ra-vicAra ke pAlana karavAne tathA sva- Azrita sAdhvI- samudAya evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko naitika evaM ucca Adarzamaya jIvana kI AMtarika preraNA dene meM mahattarA kI sadA ahaM bhUmikA rahI hai| AcAra-1 575 vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa- 30, pR. 73, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mahattarA ke pada para yogya sAdhvI kA cayana kiyA jAnA paramAvazyaka hai| yogya sAdhvI hI apane kAryakSetra ko samyak prakAra se saMbhAla sakatI hai| sAdhvIsaMgha kA saMcAlana karate samaya aise kitane hI prasaMga upasthita hote haiM, jinakA nirNaya tatkAla lenA Avazyaka hotA hai aura yaha kArya yogya sAdhvI hI kara sakatI hai, siddhAMtavettA, buddhizAlI evaM nIti meM nipuNa sAdhvI hI saMgha ke hitAhita kA vicAra karake tatkAla nirNaya le sakatI hai, ataH sAdhvI- samudAya ke saMcAlana hetu yogya sAdhvI ko pramukha pada para sthApita kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| sAdhviyoM kI surakSA vyavasthA hetu bhI yaha pada mahatvapUrNa hai| jisa prakAra parakoTA nagara kI rakSA karatA hai, usI prakAra mahattarA sAdhvI- samudAya kI rakSA karatI hai / kucha samudAya meM eka hI AcArya hotA haiM, ataH yaha sambhava nahIM ho pAtA hai, ki vaha AcArya sabhI jagaha sabhI kAryoM meM apanI upasthiti de ske| ataH una AcArya ke kucha kAryoM kA vibhAjana karane hetu bhI yaha pada Avazyaka hai / ahorAtracaryA vidhi 289 ahorAtricaryA - vidhi kA svarUpa ahorAtricaryA zabda do zabdoM se milakara banA hai- ahorAtri + caryAM ahorAtra kA tAtparya hai- divasa evaM rAtri tathA caryA kA tAtparya hai- AcaraNa vidhi | saMkSepa meM ahorAtra caryA kA tAtparya divasa evaM rAtri sambandhI dainika kriyAoM kI AcaraNa-vidhi se hai| pratyeka vyakti kI kucha na kucha dainika caryA hotI hai, jise vaha niyamita rUpa se karatA hai| vaha pratidina apanI dainikacaryA ko usI prakAra kare hI, yaha usake lie Avazyaka nahIM varan aicchika hotA hai, kintu muni - jIvana kI kucha viziSTa caryAe~ hotI haiM, jinakA AcaraNa karanA muni ke lie anivArya hotA hai| muni - jIvana se sambandhita divasa - rAtri kI kyA - kyA caryAe~ haiM, unakI AcaraNA muni kaise evaM kisa samaya kare - isakA vivecana isa vidhi meM kiyA gayA hai| viSaya kI prAsaMgikatA ko dekhate hue granthakAra ne jinakalpI evaM sthaviroM ke upakaraNoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| una upakaraNoM kA jaghanyataH, madhyamataH evaM utkRSTataH kitanA parimANa honA cAhie? isakA bhI isameM vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara - paramparA meM muni kI ahorAtricaryA ke kucha ullekha avazya milate haiM, kintu usakI vidhi kA vistRta rUpa hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| hA~, AcAradinakara meM varNita divasa - rAtri sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke kucha viSayoM kA digambara- paramparA ke granthoM meM yatra-tatra ullekha avazya hai| isI prakAra vaidika - paramparA meM bhI hameM saMnyAsiyoM kI divasa evaM ahorAtri sambandhI caryA kA kucha varNana to milatA hai, yathA- bhikSATana, bhikSApAtra Adi se sambandhita viSayoM ke

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290 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ullekha to avazya milate haiM, kintu sampUrNa divasa-rAtri kI caryA kA ullekha eka sthAna para eka hI grantha yA adhyAya ke rUpa meM nahIM milatA hai, jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana yA AcAradinakara Adi meM hai| jaina-paramparA kI bhA~ti bauddha-paramparA meM bhI ahorAtri kI caryA kA koI kramabaddha varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi adhyayana-adhyApana tathA dhyAna Adi karane sambandhI Avazyaka kRtyoM kA ullekha hameM bauddha-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI milatA hai, kintu isake lie dina tathA rAtri kA kaunasA samaya nizcita thA, isakA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| vyakti jo bhI kriyA karatA hai, usake pIche kucha na kucha prayojana hotA hai, binA prayojana ke koI bhI kriyA nahIM hotI hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki kucha prayojana mukhya hote haiM aura kucha prayojana gauNa hote haiN| vardhamAnasUri dvArA prajJapta isa vidhi kA mukhya prayojana sAdhuoM ko unakI dinacaryA kA bodha karAte hue unheM saMyamamArga meM sthira karanA hai| muni apanI kriyAoM ko samyak prakAra se sampAdita tabhI kara pAegA, jaba vaha unake bAre meM jAna paae| usake abhAva meM usakI kriyA samyak nahIM ho sktii| maharSiyoM kA kathana hai ki muni apanI kriyAoM ko samyak prakAra se kare to hI vaha apane icchita lakSya ko prApta kara sakatA hai| kyoMki muni kI pratyeka kriyA karma nirjarA kA kAraNa hai, kintu muni unake prati jarA sI bhI asAvadhAnI rakheM to vahI kriyA karmabaMdha kA kAraNa bana sakatI hai| ataH muni sAvadhAnI pUrvaka apanI caryAoM kA pAlana kara ske| isa prayojana se granthakAra ne isa saMskAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| granthakAra ke anusAra munijIvana kI divasa-rAtri sambandhI jo caryA hai, vaha jisa dina se sAdhaka munidIkSA grahaNa karatA hai, usI dina se usakI ye saba kriyAe~ prArambha ho jAtI hai| saMkSepa meM agara hama yaha kaheM ki yaha usakI dainika vidhi hai, to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI nirgrantha muni ke dainikacaryA kA pAlana dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda se hI karanA hotA hai| saMskAra-vidhi kA kartA yaha vidhi muni ko svayaM karanA hotI hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki vaha divasa-rAtri sambandhI apanI pratyeka kriyA ke lie guru yA variSThatama muni se anujJA prApta kare, kintu ina kriyAoM kA AcaraNa to svayaM hI karanA hotA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi nirUpita kI hai

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 291 ahorAtricaryA-vidhi vardhamAnasUri ne isa prakaraNa meM sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM kI dinarAta kI caryA kA ullekha karate hue sarvaprathama saMyama meM sahAyaka dharmopakaraNoM kI carcA kI hai| isake sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki pustaka, syAhI kI davAta, lekhanI, paTTikA (sleTa), pustakabandha morapicchI aura pramArjanI Adi jJAnopakaraNa haiN| jJAna ke sAdhanarUpa ina jJAnopakaraNoM evaM sAdhuoM ke Agamavihita saMyamopakaraNoM se saMyatiyoM ke niSparigrahavrata kA upaghAta nahIM hotA hai| saMyamopakaraNoM kI carcA karate hue unakI kyA upayogitA hai tathA unakA parimANa kitanA honA cAhie? isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara AcAradinakara meM sAdhu-sAdhvI kI dinacaryA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu aura sAdhvI rAtri ke antima prahara meM parameSThImaMtra ke smaraNapUrvaka uThakara yatanApUrvaka prasravaNabhUmi taka jAeM aura laghuzaMkA kA nivAraNa kare tathA punaH saMstAraka ke pAsa Akara gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA kreN| isa saba kA vivecana mUlagrantha meM vistArapUrvaka kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara kuHsvapna Adi ke prAyazcitta hetu kAyotsarga kara zayyA sambandhI doSoM kI AlocanA kreN| tatpazcAt sAdhu-sAdhvI rAtri kA eka muhUrta zeSa rahane taka dhIme svara meM svAdhyAya Adi kreN| tadanantara rAtri-pratikramaNa kreN| tatpazcAt sUryodaya hone para gautama gaNadhara stutipUrvaka aMga kI, upadhi kI evaM vasati kI pratilekhanA kreN| tadanantara svAdhyAya, dharmAkhyAna evaM sAdhu-sAdhvI tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko adhyayana-adhyApana Adi kArya kreN| tatpazcAt prathama prahara vyatIta hone para porasI kI pratilekhanA kreN| tatpazcAt sAdhu-sAdhvI jinacaitya meM jAkara devadarzana evaM caityavaMdana kreN| tatpazcAt sthaNDila bhUmi para jAkara malamUtra kA utsarga kreN| phira vidhipUrvaka upAzraya meM Akara sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA karanI caahie| tatpazcAt mUlagrantha meM pratyAkhyAna pAraNavidhi evaM bhikSAcaryA sambandhI vidhi-niSedhoM kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara bhikSAcaryA karate samaya gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA karane ke pazcAt gocaracaryA ke pratikramaNa hetu kAyotsarga kreN| tatpazcAt AhAra karane se pUrva sAdhu-sAdhvI nirdiSTa gAthAoM kA smaraNa karake AhAra grahaNa kreN| AhAra karane ke pazcAt pAtra-prakSAlana Adi kisa prakAra se kareM, isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| tatpazcAt IryApathikI ke doSoM kI AlocanA kara zakrastava kA pATha kreN| tadanantara munijana guru evaM anya sAdhuoM kI vaiyAvRttya kareM tathA upakaraNoM ko vyavasthita karane kA kArya kreN| tatpazcAt cauthe prahara meM muni pratilekhanA evaM svAdhyAya kre| kadAca bAla, glAna Adi hetu punaH bhikSATana karanA par3e, to usake lie bhI vidhi-niSedha nirdiSTa kie gae haiN| tatpazcAt caturtha prahara vyatIta hone para

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292 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI muni vidhipUrvaka saMthArA porasI kre| saMthArA porasI karane ke pazcAt muni kisa prakAra se zayana kare tathA rAtri kA tRtIya prahara vyatIta hone para punaH kisa prakAra se svAdhyAya kare- isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa usakA vistRta ullekha hama yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| etadartha vistRta jAnakArI ke lie mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke tIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana yadyapi digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM AcAradinakara ke samAna yati dinacaryA kA eka hI sthAna para vidhivat ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milA, kintu inase sambandhita jina-jina viSayoM kA ullekha hameM ina paramparAoM ke granthoM meM yatra-tatra prakIrNa rUpa se milA hai, usakA hama yathAsthAna ullekha kreNge| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa vidhi se sambandhita ullekha hameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra, yatidinakRtya, yatidinacaryA, sAmAcArI, paMcavastu Adi granthoM meM to milate hI haiM, inake atirikta pravacanasAroddhAra Adi granthoM meM bhI yatidinacaryA se sambandhita kriyAoM ke ullekha milate haiM, jinake AdhAra para hama yahA~ tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kreNge| vardhamAnasUri ne munijIvana kI divasa-rAtri kI caryAvidhi kA ullekha karane se pUrva sarvaprathama muni ke upakaraNoM kI carcA kI hai|06 isa viSaya meM unhoMne jinakalpI, sthavirakalpI, pratyekabuddha evaM sAdhvI ke upakaraNoM kI saMkhyA, upakaraNoM kA parimANa, unakI upayogitA, jinakalpI kI upadhi ke sambandha meM vibhinna vikalpoM kA, jinakalpa kA parIkSaNa kisa prakAra se hotA hai, isakA tathA muniyoM dvArA rakhe jAne vAle daNDa ke prakAra, parimANa Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| muniyoM ke upakaraNoM Adi kA ThIka aisA hI varNana oghaniyukti'77 evaM pravacanasAroddhAra 78 meM bhI milatA hai| yatidinacaryA grantha-76 meM bhI sthavira kalpiyoM kI upadhi kI carcA milatI hai| yatidinacaryA meM muni ke daMDa ke parva sambandhI niyamoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, arthAt daMDa meM kitane parva hoM, to usake kyA 576AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- tIsavA~, pR.-121-127, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 57 opaniyukti, saM.- vijayajinendrasUrI, sUtra- 668-680, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, jAmanagara, prathama saMskaraNa 1686. 5"pravacana sAroddhAra, anu.-hemaprabhAzrIjI, dvAra-60-62, pR.-220-238, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama __ saMskaraNa 1666. 57yatidinacaryA, saM.-jinendrasUrI, pR.-60-64, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jainagranthamAlA, jAmanagara, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 293 pariNAma hote haiM, usakA bhI usameM ullekha hai| jaise 80-daMDa meM eka parva ho, to vaha zubha hotA hai; daMDa meM do parva hoM, to vaha kalahakArI hotA hai, tIna parva ho to vaha lAbhadAyaka hotA hai, cAra parva ho to maraNAntika kaSTa dene vAlA hotA haiityaadi| saMkSepa meM usameM samasaMkhyA vAle parva se yukta daNDa ko azubha mAnA gayA hai tathA viSama saMkhyA vAle parva se yukta daMDa ko zubha mAnA gayA hai, jabaki AcAradinakara meM hameM isa prakAra kI carcA dekhane ko nahIM miltii| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI zramaNa ke upakaraNoM kI carcA milatI hai, kintu usame daNDa kA ullekha nahIM hai| mUlAcAra ke anusAra zramaNa kI upadhi cAra prakAra kI hotI hai- (1) jJAnopadhi (2) saMyamopadhi (3) zaucopadhi evaM (4) anya updhi| zAstra jJAnopadhi haiM, picchI saMyamopadhi hai, kamaNDalu zaucopadhi hai, anya upadhi meM caTAI-pATa Adi Ate haiM, jo alpakAla ke lie gRhIta kie jAte haiN| digambara-paramparA ke zramaNoM ko sAmAnyatayA picchI, kamaNDalu evaM zAstra ina tIna upadhi ke hI rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM saMnyAsiyoM ko apane pAsa kucha bhI ekatrita nahIM karane kA nirdeza dete hue kahA gayA hai ki ve mAtra jIrNa paridhAna, jalapAtra evaM bhikSApAtra rakha sakate haiM, kintu kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra ve jala chAnane kA vastra, pAdukA, Asana, sardI se bacane ke lie katharI tathA kamaNDalu Adi bhI rakha sakate haiN| para isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparAoM me saMyama ke nirvAha hetu sahayogI upakaraNoM kI carcA milatI hai| saMyama hetu upayogI upakaraNoM kI carcA karane ke bAda vardhamAnasUri ne muni kI dina-rAta kI caryAvidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| yadyapi yatidinacaryA evaM sAmAcArI meM varNita muni kI ahorAtri kI caryA prAyaH samAna hI hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM gaccha-paramparA ke kAraNa viSamatA bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| jaise-vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra 83 sAdhu ko rAtri ke antima prahara meM parameSThImaMtra kA smaraNa karate hue saMstAraka kA tyAga karanA cAhie aura usake bAda vidhipUrvaka mUtra kA tyAga yatidinacaryA, saM.-jinendrasUrI, pR.-63, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jainagranthamAlA, jAmanagara, prathama saMskaraNa 1667. "mUlAcAra, saM.-DaoN. phUlacandra jaina, evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, sUtra saM.-1/14, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta viddhat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa 1666. 582dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga) pAMDuraMga vAmaNa kANe, adhyAya-28, pR.-413, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1680. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- tIsavA~, pR.-127, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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294 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI karanA cAhie, kintu yatidinacaryA ke anusAra sAdhu ko parameSThImaMtra kA smaraNa karate hue cintana karanA cAhie kiM nAyarAmi kiccaM? kiM kayamahiyaM? abhiggaho kovaa| appA paro'vi pAsai kiM mahaM? iya ciMtai mhppaa|| isa gAthA kA cintana karane ke bAda use vidhipUrvaka mUtra kA visarjana karanA caahie| sAmAcArI'65 meM bhI muni-dinacaryA ke sandarbha meM sAdhu ko nidrA kA tyAga karake cintana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, yadyapi sAmAcArI meM nirdiSTa gAthA yatidinacaryA grantha meM varNita gAthA se bhinna hai, kintu isameM nihita bhAva prAyaH samAna hI haiN| AcAradinakara ke anusAra 86 uparyukta kriyA karane ke pazcAt sAdhu ko gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA karake zakrastava kA pATha karanA cAhie aura usake bAda kusvapna-duHsvapna ke vizodhanArtha kAyotsarga karake-"icchAmi paDikkamiuM pagAmasijjhAe" se lekara "rAIo aiAro kao tassa micchAmi dukkaDaM" kA pATha bolakara zayyA sambandhI doSoM kI AlocanA karanI cAhie aura usake bAda muni ko rAtri kI eka ghaTikA zeSa rahane taka zAstra kA svAdhyAya, stotrAdi kA pATha, namaskAramaMtra kA jApa yA anya vidyA kA dhIme-dhIme svara se pATha karanA caahie| yatidinacaryA grantha ke anusAra'87 muni ko mUtra kA visarjana karane ke pazcAt IryApathikI sambandhI doSoM kI AlocanA, kusvapna-duHsvapna ke vizodhanArtha kAyotsarga evaM muni-bhagavaMtoM ko vandana karane ke bAda svAdhyAya karanA caahie| sAmAcArI meM bhI svAdhyAya karane taka kI yahI vidhi batAI gaI hai, kintu isa vidhi meM granthakAra ne gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA karane ke pazcAt caityavaMdana karane kA bhI nirdeza diyA hai|88 isa prakAra gaccha-paramparA ke anusAra ina vidhiyoM meM kucha antara dikhAI detA hai| yadyapi yatidinacaryA sambandhI anya kriyAoM jaise-rAtripratikramaNa karanA, svAdhyAya karanA, pAtra kI pratilekhanA karanA, caityavaMdana karanA, AhAra-pAnI kI gaveSaNA karanA, AhAra-pAnI grahaNa karane ke bAda gamanAgamana evaM piNDeMSaNA sambandhI doSoM kI AlocanA karanA, guru ke samakSa bhikSAcaryA kA varNana karanA, 584yatidinacaryA, saM.-jinendrasUrI, pra.-2 se 3, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, jAmanagara, prathama saMskaraNa 1667 185sAmAcArI, tilakAcAryaviracita, prakaraNa-21, pR.- 26, seTha DAhyAbhAI mokamacanda, ahamadAbAdaH 1660. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- tIsavA~, pR.-127, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. yatidinacaryA, saM.-jinendrasUrI, pR.-2-3, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jainagranthamAlA, jAmanagara, prathama saMskaraNa 1667. sAmAcArI, tilakAcArya viracita, prakaraNa-21, pR.-26, seTha DAhyAbhAI mokamacanda, ahamadAbAdaH 1660.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana gocarI karanA, pAtra prakSAlana karanA, pAtroM ko vidhipUrvaka yathAsthAna para rakhanA, svAdhyAya karanA, punaH pratilekhanA karanA, saMdhyAkAlIna AvazyakakriyA karanA, rAtra ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya karanA, prathama prahara ke vyatIta hone para saMthArA porasI karake nidrAdhIna honA Adi kI vidhi prAyaH AcAradinakara, sAmAcArI evaM yatidinacaryA grantha meM eka jaisI hI batAI gaI hai, phira bhI kucha aisI kriyAe~ haiM, jinakA ullekha hameM AcAradinakara meM hI milatA hai, kintu sAmAcArI evaM yatidinacaryA grantha meM nahIM milatA hai aura kucha mahatvapUrNa bAteM hameM AcAradinakara meM hI dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai, kintu sAmAcArI Adi meM dekhane ko milatI hai| jaise - sAmAcArI ke anusAra muni ko gocarI karane se pUrva kucha gAthAoM kA svAdhyAya karanA cAhie, isakA nirdeza diyA gayA hai tathA sAmAcArI meM hameM ina gAthAoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai, kintu AcAradinakara meM hameM isa prakAra kA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| isI prakAra bhojanamaMDalI meM baiThane se pUrva muni kyA kriyA kare - usakA ullekha hameM sAmAcArI meM to milatA hai, kintu AcAradinakara meM nahIM milatA hai| digambara- paramparA ke mUlAcAra grantha meM sAdhuoM ko pUrvAhnakAla, aparAhUnakAla tathA rAtri ke ubhayakAla meM nirantara paThana-pAThana, vyAkhyAnAdika svAdhyAya karane kA ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra muni kI AMzika dinacaryA kA bhI ullekha mUlAcAra kI TIkA meM milatA hai, yathA " - sUrya udaya hote hI muni ko devavaMdanA karanI caahie| tatpazcAt do ghar3I vyatIta hone para zrutabhakti evaM gurubhakti karake svAdhyAya karanA caahie| do prahara meM do ghar3I zeSa rahane para zrutabhaktipUrvaka svAdhyAya sampUrNa karanA caahie| tatpazcAt saMstara sthAna se dUra mUtrapurISAdika kI zaMkA kA nivAraNa karake hastapAdAdi kA prakSAlana karanA cAhie tathA picchI evaM kamaMDalu kA grahaNa karake madhyAhUna kA devavaMdana karanA cAhie / tatpazcAt hI use udarapUrti ke lie bhikSAcaryA ke lie aTana karanA cAhie ..... 560 295 ityAdi / muni dvArA pratikramaNa Adi kriyA karane sambandhI ullekha bhI mUlAcAra meM milate haiM, kintu AcAradinakara meM jisa prakAra muni kI ahorAtricaryA kA suvyavasthita ullekha milatA hai, vaisA ullekha hameM digambara- paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA / vaidika paramparA meM bhI muni sambandhI anivArya kAryoM, 58 sAmAcArI, tilakAcArya viracita, prakaraNa - 21, pR. 28, seTha DAhyAbhAI mokamacanda, ahamadAbAdaH 1660. to mUlAcAra, saM. - DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM zrImatI munnI jaina, sUtra saM.-5/74, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa 1666. r 'mUlAcAra, saM. - DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM zrImatI munnI jaina, pR. 116, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa 1666.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI _562 yathA - bhikSA, japa, snAna, dhyAna, zauca evaM devArcana kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu unakA kramabaddha vivecana to hameM vahA~ bhI dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| 296 AcAradinakara meM uparyukta viSayoM ke atirikta, bAlasAdhu aura caturtha, chaThaveM, aSTama bhakta ke tapasvI punaH dUsarI bAra kaba evaM kisa vidhi se bhikSATana karake AhAra prApta kare, muniyoM ko kina-kina sthitiyoM meM gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA karanI cAhie, sAdhu ko AhAra kI gaveSaNA hetu ekAMkI kyoM nahIM jAnA cAhie? ina saba bAtoM kA bhI ullekha milatA haiM, kintu sAmAcArI, yatidinacaryA Adi meM hameM ina bAtoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM avazya isa bAta kI carcA milatI hai ki AhAra karane ke chaH kAraNoM meM se kisI eka kAraNa ke upasthita hone para muni tRtIya prahara meM bhaktapAna kI gaveSaNA kara sakatA hai| 563 saMkSepa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki yatidinacaryA evaM sAmAcArI meM munidinacaryA kA varNana bahuta vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| muni ko kaunasI kriyA kisa prakAra se aura kaise karanI cAhie- ina saba bAtoM kA ina granthoM meM vistRta vivecana milatA hai| paMcavastu meM bhI muni kI dinacaryA sambandhI kriyAoM kA ullekha bahuta vistRta milatA hai, kintu usameM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti kramapUrvaka vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai / usameM muni kI dinacaryA ko dasa bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake unase sambandhita kriyAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara meM yadyapi muni kI ahorAtricaryA kA saMkSipta hI ullekha milatA hai, phira bhI usameM muni kI caryA kA vidhivat evaM suvyavasthita prastutikaraNa kiyA gayA hai| grantha kA vistAra na karate hue granthakAra ne yathAsthAna una-una kriyAoM kI samyak jAnakArI hetu AgamagranthoM ke sandarbha bhI die haiM, yathA - muni piNDaniryuktizAstroM meM kahI gaI vidhi ke anusAra AhAra- pAnI kI gaveSaNA kare, dazavaikAlikasUtra ke piNDaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM kahI gaI vidhi ke anusAra AhAra- pAnI Adi grahaNa karake punaH vasati meM praveza kare.. ..ityAdi / 52 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe (prathama bhAga ), adhyAya- 28, pR. 462, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1860 r uttarAdhyayanasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra saM.- 26 / 32, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662. 564 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-tIsavA~, pR. 128 - 128, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra zvetAmbara - paramparA ke granthoM meM varNita muni kI ahorAtricaryAvidhi meM kahIM-kahIM paraspara samAnatA dikhAI detI hai, to kahIM kucha bhinnatA bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| upasaMhAra AcAradinakara meM varNita muni kI dinacaryA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kI kyA upayogitA hai, isa sambandha meM jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to hamAre samakSa kaI mahatvapUrNa tathya ubharakara sAmane Ate haiN| sAdhujIvana meM praveza karane ke bAda saMyamI kA yahI lakSya hotA hai ki vaha sUtra meM kahe gae anusAra cAritra kA pAlana karake mokSa ko prApta kare, kintu jaba taka saMyamI ko yaha patA nahIM hogA ki saMyamajIvana meM sAdhu ko apanI dinacaryA kA pAlana kaise aura kisa krama se karanA cAhie, to vaha apanI kriyA samyak prakAra se nahIM kara pAegA, kyoMki jJAna ke abhAva meM muni apanI dinacaryA jaisI-taisI bhaleM hI pUrI kara le, kintu vyavasthita krama ke abhAva meM usakI vaha kriyA sArthaka nahIM hotI hai| jaisA ki haribhadrasUri ne bhI zAstrokta AcaraNa se viparIta AcaraNa kA pariNAma batAte hue kahA hai ' stokopyatrAyogo yogena niyamena vipAkadAruNo bhavati / pAka kriyAgato yathA jJAtamidaM suprasiddhaM tu / / arthAt zAstra meM kahe gae AcaraNa kA alpamAtra abhAva, athavA viparIta AcaraNa kA phala nizcaya hI duHkhadAyI hotA hai / jaise ki bhojana meM namaka kA abhAva yA zakkara ke sthAna para namaka kA prakSepa bhojana ko bigAr3a detA hai, ThIka usI prakAra zAstra meM kahI gaI vidhi se viparIta vidhi kA AcaraNa karane para muni karmanirjarA ke sthAna para karma kA bandha karane lagatA hai, isalie munijIvana kI dinacaryA kA samyak rUpa se pAlana ho sake, isake lie muni ko ahorAtricaryA jAnanA Avazyaka hai| isake mAdhyama se hI vaha gRhIta vratoM kA pAlana karate hue saMyama-jIvana kA nirvAha kara sakatA hai, jaise ki svayaM vardhamAnasUri ne bhI isa grantha ke upasaMhAra meM kahA hai566. vratinIvratinoryazca dinarAtristhiti kramaH / saH saMyamassa nirvAha haThaupAyApaghAtanaH / / 297 " viMzativiMzikA, saM. - dharmarakSita vijaya, viMzikA - 12, pR. 63, mudraka: 687/1, chIpApola, kAlUpura, ahamadAbAda. 566 'AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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298 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI arthAt sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM kI jo dina-rAtri kI caryA vidhi kahI gaI hai, vaha saMyama ke nirvAha tathA durAgrahoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie hai| isa prakAra saMyama-jIvana meM sthita sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie apanI dinacaryA kA jJAna honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| sAdhuoM kI RtucaryA-vidhi RtucaryA-vidhi kA svarUpa RtucaryA zabda kA tAtparya Rtu vizeSa meM kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM kI AcaraNa vidhi se hai, arthAta kina-kina RtuoM meM muni ko kisa prakAra se AhAra-vihAra Adi karanA cAhie-isakA isa vidhi meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta muniyoM ko kina-kina RtuoM meM prAyaH kina vastroM kA tyAga karanA cAhie tathA kina vastroM ko dhAraNa karanA cAhie, vihAra ke lie upayukta evaM anupayukta kSetra kauna-kauna se haiM, muni ko eka sthAna para adhika se adhika kitane samaya taka rahanA kalpya hai, Adi-ina saba bAtoM kA vistRta vivecana isa vidhi meM kiyA gayA hai| vihAra hetu kauna-kaunase vAra, nakSatra zubha mAne gae haiM, kaunase nakSatra meM muni ko kisa dizA meM prayANa nahIM karanA cAhie, dizAzUla, nakSatrazUla, yoginIvAsa, pAzakAla, vatsa, zukrAcAra Adi jyotiSa sambandhI viSaya kA bhI isa vidhi meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI granthoM meM AcAradinakara hI eka aisA grantha hai, jisameM sAdhuoM kI RtucaryA kA itanA vistRta ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI sAdhuoM kI RtucaryA kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vaha ullekha bahuta hI saMkSipta hai| vardhamAnasUri dvArA varNita isa vidhi meM jina-jina viSayoM kA varNana milatA hai| unakA thor3A-thor3A varNana yatra-tatra aneka granthoM meM milatA hai, jisakI carcA hama yathAsthAna tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM karane kA prayatna kreNge| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM hameM sAdhu kI RtucaryA ke sadRza pRthak se koI saMskAra dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa vidhi meM varNita viSayoM kI avazya kucha carcA milatI hai| mana meM saMzaya ho sakatA hai ki sAdhu ke lie yogodvavahana, prAyazcittavidhi, Avazyakavidhi Adi nirdiSTa karane kA kucha prayojana ho sakatA hai, kintu sAdhuoM kI RtucaryAvidhi batAne kA yahA~ kyA prayojana hogA? isa saMzaya kA nivAraNa karate hue svayaM vardhamAnasUri ne isa grantha ke vyavahAra-paramArtha prakaraNa meM kahA hai ki sAdhuoM kI RtucaryAvidhi nirdiSTa karane kA mUla prayojana kaSAya evaM

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 299 indriyoM kA nigraha karanA hai|587 RtuoM ke parivartana hone se vyakti ke pariveza meM bhI aneka parivartana hote haiM, jo muni-jIvana para bahuta prabhAva DAlate haiN| bAharI vAtAvaraNa ke parivartanoM ke bIca rahakara bhI sAdhu apane saMyama kA pUrNa rUpa se pAlana kara sake-isa uddezya se granthakAra ne ise muni-jIvana sambandhI vidhividhAna ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai| vardhamAnasari ne jina-jina RtuoM meM jo-jo kArya karane yA nahIM karane ke vidhi-niSedha kie haiM, sambhavataH unake samaya meM una-una RtuoM meM hI una kriyAoM kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hogA yA nahIM kiyA jAtA hogA-aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| yadyapi prakIrNaka sAhitya meM vizeSa rUpa se gaNivijjA evaM gacchAcAra meM vihAra ke sambandha meM isa bAta kA ullekha avazya milatA hai ki muni ko kina-kina vAroM, nakSatroM, tithiyoM Adi meM vihAra karanA cAhie, kina-kina vAroM, nakSatroM, tithiyoM Adi meM vihAra nahIM karanA caahie| pravrajyA, upasthApanA, vAcanAdAna, yogodvahana Adi sAdhu-AcAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ko karavAne ke sambandha meM saMskAra karane vAle kI carcA milatI hai, kintu RtucaryA ke sambandha meM kisI vizeSa kartA kI carcA nahIM milatI hai, kyoMki isa RtucaryAvidhi kA vahana bhI dinacaryAvidhi kI bhA~ti svayaM muni hI karatA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne RtucaryA kI nimna vidhi prajJapta kI haisAdhuoM kI RtucaryA-vidhi isa vidhi ke antargata vardhamAnasUri ne alaga-alaga RtuoM meM sAdhuoM kI AcAra vidhi kisa prakAra kI honI cAhie? isakA varNana kiyA hai| isa prakaraNa meM vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama hemantaRtu meM sAdhu kA AcAra kaisA honA cAhie, isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaise-cAturmAsa ke pazcAta hemantaRtu meM sAdhu ko prAyaH vastroM kA tyAga kara zItapariSaha sahana karanA cAhie, alpanidrA evaM alpa-AhAra karanA cAhie, kabhI bhI tela kA mardana nahIM karanA cAhie, ityaadi| tadanantara isa Rtu meM vihAra kI uttama vidhi kyA hai, isakA ullekha karate hue sarvaprathama vihAra karane ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt vihAra ke lie Avazyaka sthitiyA~ evaM vastuoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara vihAra ke yogya dezoM evaM vihAra ke ayogya dezoM ke nAma batAe gae hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki munijanoM ke lie sUryodaya ke pazcAt pratidina dasa muhUrta taka pA~ca sau dhanuSa kI yAtrA karanA zubha hai| tadanantara vihAra 587AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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300 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI hetu zubha nakSatra kauna-kauna se haiM, aura kauna-kauna se nakSatra azubha haiM - isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt digdvAra, dizAzUla, nakSatrazUla, kila, yoginIvAsa, sammukha candramA, ravivicAra, pAzakAla, vatsa, zukrAcAra Adi jyotiSa sambandhI viSayoM kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai / tadanantara yaha kahA gayA hai ki muni ko tithi, vAra, lagna, nakSatra, candrabala Adi ko dekhakara anukUla zakuna hone para vihAra karanA caahie| muni ko cAturmAsa ke bAda pUrNimA ke dina vihAra nahIM karanA cAhie, usase pUrva trayodazI ke dina avazya vihAra kara sakatA hai| tatpazcAt vasati yA upAzraya meM Thaharane hetu muni ko kina chaH vyaktiyoM kI anujJA lenI hotI hai, usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| unakI anujJA na lene para muni ko adattAdAna-vratabhaMga kA doSa lagatA hai - yaha muni kI hemantaRtu kI caryA hai | muni kI ziziraRtu kI caryA bhI hemantaRtucaryA ke sadRza hI hai| ziziraRtu meM muni ko zleSma nigalanA nahIM caahie| adhika mAtrA meM jala bhI nahIM pInA cAhie - yaha zizira Rtu kI caryA hai / tatpazcAt basaMtaRtu kI caryA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| baMsataRtu meM muni ko vibhUSA kA sarvathA tyAga karanA caahie| nIrasa AhAra karanA cAhie tathA acche vastra dhAraNa nahIM karanA caahie| basaMtaRtu meM brahmacaryavrata kI surakSA hetu muni ko vizeSa rUpa se sAvadhAna rahanA cAhie / vizuddhazikSA grahaNa karate hue pratidina vihAra karanA cAhie, Adi / Azvina mAsa aura caitramAsa - donoM ke navarAtra ke vyatIta hone para asvAdhyAya ke nivAraNa hetu kalpatarpaNa kI vidhi karanI caahie| tadanantara mUlagrantha meM kalpatarpaNa kI vidhi kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha basantaRtu kI caryA hai| muni ko grISmaRtu meM kAyotsarga meM rahanA cAhie tathA sUryakiraNoM kI AtApanA kA sevana karate hue dehAsakti kA tyAga karanA caahie| zItala jala, zItala sthAna evaM zItala peyapadArthoM kA sevana nahIM karanA cAhie, ityAdi bAtoM kA ullekha karate hue mUlagrantha meM isa Rtu se sambandhita anya vidhi - niSedhoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara varSARtu kI caryA kA ullekha karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhuoM ko kaise sthAna para rahanA cAhie, SaTukAya Adi jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie apanI dainika caryAoM ko kisa prakAra se karanA cAhie, payUSaNa parva kI ArAdhanA kisa prakAra se karanI cAhie, payUrSaNa meM kisa prakAra se loca karanA cAhie, loca ke kitane prakAra hai, varSAvAsa se pUrva muni ko vastroM kA prakSAlana kisa prakAra se karanA cAhie, varSAvAsa meM acitta jala kitane samaya taka prAsuka rahatA hai, ityAdi viSayoM kA vivecana bhI mUlagrantha meM kiyA gayA hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 301 zaradakAla kI caryA bhI varSARtu kI caryA ke sadRza hI hai| isameM itanA vizeSa hai ki muni ko isa Rtu meM naI vastue~ nahIM lenI cAhie tathA AhAra-pAnI kA yathAsaMbhava tyAga karanA caahie| tadanantara mUlagrantha meM vyAkhyAna kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| vyAkhyAna vidhi ke antargata hI yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pravacana pradAtA ko dvAdaza aMgaAgamoM tathA, utkAlika aura kAlika aMgabAhya AgamoM kI vyAkhyA yogodvavahanapUrvaka hI karanA caahie| sAtha hI triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM ke saMpUrNa cAritra kA vyAkhyAna karanA caahie| dharmasAdhanA hetu preraNA dete samaya muni ko unase sambandhita kathAnakoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana karanA cAhie tathA dvAdaza bhAvanAoM kI vyAkhyA karanI cAhie........ ityaadi| tadanantara adhyayana sambandhI vidhi-niSedhoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa isakI vistRta carcA hama yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiM, isa sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke ekatIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA meM aisA koI grantha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyA, jisameM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti sAdhu kI RtucaryA kA ullekha huA ho| yadyapi AcAradinakara meM varNita ina viSayoM kI carcA hameM jaina-paramparA ke aneka granthoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai, jisakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra'88 hemantaRtu meM sAdhuoM ko prAyaH vastroM kA tyAga kara denA caahie| isa Rtu meM unheM nidrA evaM AhAra-donoM alpamAtrA meM lenA caahie| tela kA mardana nahIM karanA cAhie tathA bAloM kA guccha bhI nahIM rakhanA cAhie, zIta ke nivAraNArtha rUI kI zayyA para zayana aura agni kA prayoga nahIM karanA caahie| jinase rasa utpanna ho-aise garma, tIkSNa, khaTTe evaM madhura AhAra kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| ziziraRtu meM muni ko adhika mAtrA meM jala nahIM pInA cAhie tathA zleSma nahIM nigalanA caahie| basaMta Rtu meM muni ko bhUSA kA sarvathA tyAga karanA caahie| nIrasa AhAra kA sevana karanA cAhie tathA acche vastra dhAraNa nahIM karane caahie| muni ko isa Rtu meM brahmacaryavrata ke prati vizeSa rUpa se sajaga rahanA caahie| asvAdhyAya ke nivAraNArtha kalpatarpaNa karanA caahie| grISmaRtu meM muniyoM ko kAyotsarga meM rata rahanA cAhie tathA AtApanA lenI caahie| zItala jala, zItala sthAna evaM pAna (zItala peya padArthoM) kA sevana nahIM AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ikatIsavA~, pR.-126/135, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. -

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302 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI karanA cAhie, snAna nahIM karanA cAhie, parISahoM ko sahana karanA cAhie tathA ubaTana kA prayoga nahIM karanA caahie| varSARtu meM sAdhu ko vihAra nahIM karanA cAhie, eka sthAna para hI rahanA cAhie, kezaluMcana evaM payUrSaNaparva jaise Avazyaka kRtya karane caahie| zaradakAla meM sAdhuoM ko vihAra nahIM karanA cAhie, naI vastuoM kA grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie tathA AhAra-pAnI kA yathAsaMbhava tyAga karanA cAhie, ityaadi| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke Agamagrantha dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI hameM sAdhuoM kI RtucaryA kA saMkSipta ullekha milatA hai, yathA susamAhita nirgrantha grISmaRtu meM sUrya kI AtApanA lete haiM, hemanta Rtu meM khule badana rahate haiM aura varSAkAla meM pratisaMlIna hote haiN| sAdhu saMyama ke samyak paripAlana hetu eka sthAna para adhika se adhika kitane samaya taka raha sakatA hai tathA punaH usa sthAna para kitane samaya pazcAt Ae-isa sambandha meM bhI vardhamAnasUri ne apanA maMtavya prakaTa kiyA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra 0deg muni ko eka mAsa; eka Rtu, arthAt do mAsa; do Rtu; arthAt cAra mAsa; tIna Rtu, arthAt, chaH mAsa yA varSa ke anta meM avazya vihAra karanA caahie| sAmAnyataH cAturmAsa ko chor3akara muni ko eka mAsa tathA sAdhviyoM ko do mAsa taka hI eka sthAna para rahanA kalpya hai| dazavaikAlika kI viviktacaryA nAmaka dUsarI cUlikA meM bhI isakA ullekha hai ki jisa gA~va meM muni kAla ke utkRSTa pramANa taka raha cukA ho, arthAt varSAkAla meM cAturmAsa evaM zeSakAla meM eka mAsa raha cukA ho, vahA~ do varSa, arthAt do cAturmAsa evaM do mAsa kA antara kie binA na rhe| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki muni jahA~ eka mAsa raha cukA hai, vahA~ do mAsa anyatra bitAe binA nahIM aae| isI prakAra jahA~ cAturmAsa kare, vahA~ do cAturmAsa anyatra bitAe binA punaH cAturmAsa na kre| digambara-paramparA meM bhI muni ke lie eka sthAna para rUkane sambandhI yahI vidhAna hogA-aisA hama mAna sakate haiM, kyoMki digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa sambandha meM koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| vaidika-paramparA ke saMnyAsI ke lie bhI eka sthAna para adhikatama samaya taka rUkane sambandhI vidhi-niSedhoM kA ullekha milatA hai| mitAkSarA (yAjJavalkya) dvArA uddhRta zaMkha ke vacanAnusAra02 saMnyAsI varSARtu meM eka sthAna para kevala do mAsa dazavaikAlikasUtra, saM.-muninathamala, sUtra-3/13, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1674. 60 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ikatIsavA~, pR.-126, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 6"dazavaikAlikasUtra, saM.-muni nathamala, dvitIya cUlikA sUtra-11, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1674. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), pAMDuraMga vAmaNa kANe, adhyAya-28, pR.-461, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1860.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 603 taka rUka sakatA hai| isI prakAra kaNva ke anusAra saMnyAsI eka rAtri gA~va meM yA pA~ca dina nagara meM (varSA Rtu ko chor3akara) raha sakatA hai| ASAr3ha pUrNimA se lekara cAra yA do mahInoM taka varSA Rtu meM eka sthAna para raha sakatA hai, kintu saMnyAsI yadi cAhe to gaMgA ke taTa para sadA raha sakatA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI bhikSuoM ko cAturmAsa ke atirikta zeSa ATha mAsa vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai, kintu bhikSu eka sthAna para utkRSTa kitane samaya taka raha sakatA hai - isa sambandha meM bauddha paramparA meM hameM koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotI hai / 604 muni ko sAmAnyataH kina kSetroM meM vihAra karanA cAhie evaM kina-kina kSetroM meM vihAra nahIM karanA cAhie, isa viSaya kI carcA karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne vihAra ke yogya AryadezoM evaM vihAra ke ayogya anAryadezoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke bRhatkalpasUtra 605 kI TIkA meM tathA pravacanasAroddhAra meM bhI ina nAmoM kI carcA milatI hai| digambara - paramparA meM vihAra ke yogya kSetra kI carcA karate hue mAtra itanA hI kahA gayA hai ki saMyamI ko prAsukakSetra aura sulabhavRtti, arthAt jahA~ zuddha AhAra - jala Adi sahajarUpa meM upalabdha ho, vaha kSetra svayaM tathA anya muniyoM ke saMlekhanA ke yogya samajhanA cAhie, arthAt aise kSetra meM vicaraNa karanA caahie| 106 AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti digambara- paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM yogyAyogya Arya-anArya dezoM ke nAmollekha nahIM milate haiN| bauddha paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI hameM vihAra ke yogyAyogya dezoM ke nAmollekha prApta nahIM hote haiN| 303 607 608 isI prakAra AcAradinakara meM vihAra ke sandarbha meM jyotiSa sambandhI viSaya kI bhI vistRta carcA milatI hai / yadyapi gaNivijjA kalyANakalikA Adi prAcIna granthoM meM bhI vihAra ke saMdarbha meM jyotiSa se sambandhita AMzika carcA milatI hai, kintu ve ullekha bahuta hI saMkSipta haiM / digambara, bauddha Adi paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra kI carcA dekhane ko nahIM milii| 603 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe (prathama bhAga ), adhyAya- 28, pR. 461, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1860. 604 'AcAradinakara, varSamAnasUrikRta, udaya ekatIsavA~, pR. 130, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 605. 'bRhatkalpasUtra, madhukaramuni, TIkA pR. 154, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. phUlacandra jaina, adhyAya- 4, pR. 286, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1687. 600 gaNivijjA, anu. - DaoN. subhASa koThArI, pR. 3 se 5, Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1664. 60 kalyANakalikA, kalyANavijaya viracita, pR. - 444 se 446, zrI ka. vi. zAstra saMgraha samiti, jAlora, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1687.

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304 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI AcAradinakara meM asvAdhyAya ke nivAraNa ke lie kalpatarpaNa (vastra-prakSAlana) kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke granthoM meM vidhimArgaprapA ke atirikta kalpatarpaNa kI vidhi kA ullekha hameM svataMtra rUpa se kahIM bhI dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vidhimArgaprapA meM isa vidhi ko svataMtra rUpa se vivecita kiyA gayA hai, yaha bAta bhinna hai ki vahA~ granthakAra ne use kalpatrepa vidhi ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA hai, kintu usakA prayojana bhI asvAdhyAya kA nivAraNa karanA hI hai| digambara-paramparA meM muni nirvastra hote haiM, ataH unake lie kalpatarpaNavidhi kA koI mahatva nahIM raha jAtA aura yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara-paramparA meM hameM kalpatarpaNa kI vidhi kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi AryikA savastra hotI hai, kintu unake lie kalpatarpaNa (vastra-prakSAlana) kI kyA prakriyA hai, unake granthoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM hone ke kAraNa usa sambandha meM kucha kaha pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| bauddha-paramparA meM bhI vastra-prakSAlana kI vidhi kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu usa sambandha meM koI vizeSa vidhi-vidhAna varNita nahIM AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isa prakaraNa meM aneka aise viSayoM kI carcA kI hai, jaise- vihAra ke yogya muni ke lakSaNa kyA haiM?61deg eka mAsa taka eka sthAna para sthira-vAsa karane hetu muni ko kina-kina kI anujJA lenI hotI hai? aadi| ina bAtoM kA ullekha hameM zvetAmbara digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM yatra-tatra to mila jAtA hai, kintu isakA suvyavasthita vivecana to AcAradinakara meM hI milatA hai| __ vardhamAnasUri ne anya RtuoM kI carcA kI apekSA varSARtu kI caryA kA apekSAkRta vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| AgamagranthoM, yathA-kalpasUtra 12 vagairaha meM bhI anya RtuoM kI apekSA varSARtu kI caryA kA vistRta varNana milatA hai, kyoMki muni ko cAra mAsa taka eka sthAna para rahakara hI apanI saMyama kI ArAdhanA karanI hotI thii| ina cAra mahInoM meM bhI muni saMyama kA samyak paripAlana kara sake tathA gRhIta vratoM kA AcaraNa samyak prakAra se kara sake- isa prayojana se isa prakaraNa meM usa kAla se sambandhita Avazyaka bAtoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hogA-aisA hama mAna sakate haiN| digambara-paramparA ke mUlAcAra, aNagAra dharmAmRta 60 vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrIkRta, prakaraNa-25, pR.-64, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ekatIsavA~, pR.-126-130, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1922. 6" AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ekatIsavA~, pR.-131, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. kalpasUtra, anu.-vinayasAgAra, vAcanA- navIM, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1662.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 305 Adi granthoM meM hameM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti varSAmAsa sambandhI vidhi-niSedhoM kI vistRta carcA nahIM milatI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki muni kI RtucaryA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA dhyeya kaSAya evaM indriyoM kA nigraha karate hue sucArU rUpa se saMyamayAtrA kA nirvahana karanA hI hai| upasaMhAra jisa prakAra muni ko saMyama kI samyak paripAlanA ke lie ahorAtri kI caryA kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai usI prakAra RtucaryA kA bhI jJAna honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai, kyoMki usake abhAva meM usakI saMyama kI paripAlanA samyak nahIM hogii| muni-jIvana meM praveza karane ke bAda muniyoM kI aneka aisI kriyAe~ haiM, jinakA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai, jaise- vihAracaryA zramaNajIvana kI eka anivArya evaM mahattpUrNa caryA hai, kyoMki binA kisI prayojana ke ve sthAyI rUpa se kisI eka niyata sthAna para nivAsa nahIM kara sakate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko bhAraNDa pakSI kI taraha grAmAnugrAma anAsakta evaM apramatta bhAva se nirantara vicaraNa613 karate hue apanI sAdhanA meM lIna rahanA cAhie, kintu jaba taka muni ko yaha jJAna nahIM hogA ki muni ko kaba vihAra karanA cAhie, kaba vihAra nahIM karanA cAhie, kina kSetroM meM vicaraNa karanA cAhie, kina kSetroM meM vicaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie, taba taka vaha AgamAnusAra vihAracaryA kA pAlana kaise kara sakegA? kyoMki vihAracaryA ke jJAnAbhAva meM yadi vaha viparIta vihAracaryA kA anusaraNa karatA hai, to usakA AcaraNa zAstravirUddha kahalAtA hai tathA nizIthasUtra ke anusAra 17 vaha prAyazcitta kA adhikArI hotA hai| ataH AgamAnusAra vihAracaryA kA pAlana karane hetu usakA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra Rtu sambandhI AcAroM kA jJAna bhI muni ke lie Avazyaka hai| kisa Rtu meM muni ko AtApanA lenI cAhie, kisa Rtu meM muni ko khule badana rahanA cAhie, kisa Rtu meM muni ko eka kSetra meM sthiratA rakhanA cAhie Adi mahatvapUrNa viSayoM kA jJAna RtucaryA ke binA honA azakya hai| RtucaryA kA jJAna hone para hI vaha una-una RtuoM se sambandhita caryAoM kA pAlana karake rAga-dveSa ke nimittoM ko dUra kara sakatA hai| 65 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra saM.-4/10, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662. "nizIthasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra saM.-16/25-26, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662.

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306 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI isa prakAra saMsAra ke paribhramaNarUpa rAga evaM dveSa kI jar3oM ko kamajora karane hetu bhI RtucaryA kA bodha Avazyaka hai| aMtimasaMlekhanA kI vidhi aMtimasaMlekhanA-vidhi kA svarUpa aMtimasaMlekhanA zabda do zabdoM se milakara banA hai- aMtima aura sNlekhnaa| aMtima zabda kA tAtparya hai-jIvana ke anta meM, arthAt jIvana ke aMtima caraNa meM, tathA saMlekhanA zabda kA tAtparya hai-zarIra aura kaSAya kA kRzIkaraNa, arthAt muni apane aMtima samaya meM jisa ArAdhanA se zarIra evaM kaSAya kA kRzIkaraNa karatA hai, use aMtimasaMlekhanA yA maraNAMtika saMlekhanA kahate haiN| isa prakaraNa meM muni-AcAra sambandhI aMtimasaMlekhanA-vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| muni ko apane aMtima kSaNoM meM kisa prakAra se evaM kina kriyAoM ke dvArA apane zarIra evaM kaSAyoM ko kRza arthAt durbala karanA cAhie, isakA isa vidhi meM vistRta vivecana hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM aMtimasaMlekhanA sambandhI pracura sAhitya upalabdha hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI isa vidhi se sambandhita aneka granthoM kA sarjana huA hai| vardhamAnasUri kI bhA~ti jinasenAcArya ne bhI ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 16 digambara-paramparA meM saMlekhanA kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki ativRddha yA asAdhya roga se grasta ho jAne para athavA apratikArya maraNAMtika upasarga A jAne para, athavA durbhikSya Adi kI sthiti meM sAdhaka samabhAvapUrvaka antaraMga kaSAyoM kA samyak prakAra se nirasana karate hue, bhojana Adi kA tyAga karake dhIre-dhIre zarIra ko kRza karate hue isa zarIra kA tyAga kara dete haiM, ise hI maraNAMtika saMlekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa kahate haiN| vaidika evaM bauddha-paramparA meM mRtyuvaraNa ke ullekha to haiM, kintu unameM tatsambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kA vistRta ullekha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| yadyapi vaidika evaM bauddha-paramparA meM svecchA mRtyuvaraNa ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra jaina aura vaidika tathA bauddha-paramparAoM meM pramukha antara yaha hai ki jahA~ vaidika-paramparA meM jala evaM agni meM praveza, girizikhara se giranA, viSa yA zastraprayoga Adi vividha sAdhanoM se mRtyu kA varaNa milatA hai, vahA~ jainaparamparA meM 6* bhikSu Agama viSayakoza (bhAga-1), pradhAna saM.-AcAryamahAprajajI, pR.-660 jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lAina, prathama saMskaraNaH 166. AdipurANa, jinasenAcAryakRta, anu.- DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, parva-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-255-56, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa 2000. 6 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha, prabandha sampAdaka- DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya, khaNDa-paMcama, pR.-421, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1668.

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vardhamAnasarikata AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 307 sAmAnyatayA kevala upavAsa dvArA dehatyAga kA samarthana milatA hai| jaina-paramparA zastra Adi se hone vAlI tAtkAlika mRtyu kI apekSA upavAsa dvArA hone vAlI kramika mRtyu ko hI adhika prazasta mAnatI hai| janma aura mRtyu jIvanarUpI zrRMkhalA ke do chora haiM, jisa vyakti kA janma hotA hai, usakI mRtyu avazya hotI hai, kintu phira bhI jIva jIvana ko zAzvata mAnakara AnaMda mAnatA hai aura jaba mauta usake sAmane A khar3I hotI hai, to vaha usase bhayAsakta hokara idhara-udhara daur3ane lagatA hai aura jIne kI AkAMkSA karatA hai| jIvana meM saMyoga kA sukha hai, isa kAraNa jInA acchA lagatA hai, jabaki mRtyu meM viyoga kA duHkha hai, ataH vaha acchI nahIM lagatI hai, phira bhI mRtyu kI anivAryatA yA aparihAryatA se koI inkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai| mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai| jaisA ki AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki mRtyu anAgama nahIM hai| vyakti kitanA bhI prayatna kare, to bhI vaha mRtyu ke cakra se chUTa nahIM sktaa| jaba vyakti ko mRtyu ko prApta karanA hI hai, to kyoM na vaha apanI ArAdhanA isa prakAra se kare, jisase aMtima samaya meM bhI usakI AtmasamAdhi banI rahe, AtmasamAdhi ke binA jIva karmoM kA kSaya nahIM kara sakatA, ataH aMtima samaya meM bhI muni apanI sAdhanA-ArAdhanA dvArA karmoM kA kSaya kara sake, isI uddezya se yaha vidhi kI jAtI hai| saMskAra kA kartA vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha saMskAra AcArya, upAdhyAya vAcanAcArya yA niryApaka muni kisI ke bhI dvArA karavAyA jA sakatA hai| 16 digambara-paramparA meM niryApakAcArya dvArA yaha saMskAra karAe jAne ke ullekha milate hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pravedita kI hai:aMtimasaMlekhanA-vidhi __ vardhamAnasUri ne isa vidhi ke antargata sarvaprathama bAraha varSa kI utkRSTa saMlekhanA-vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sarvaprathama isake antargata ina bAraha varSoM meM sAdhaka ko kisa-kisa prakAra ke tapa karane cAhie-isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki saMlekhanA kI sAdhanA ke ina bAraha varSoM ke madhya bhI yadi sAdhu mRtyu ko prApta kara letA hai, to usameM koI doSa nahIM hai| vaha 6*AcArAMgasUtra, AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI jaina, sU.saM.-1/4/2/134, prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA 1963. {*AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-battIsavA~, pR.-136, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. -

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308 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI saMlekhanAvrata kA ArAdhaka hI mAnA jAtA hai| zAstrAnusAra vrata kA pAlana karate hue kadAc pUrvakarmoM ke kAraNa use roga yA zarIra meM pIr3A utpanna ho jAe, to vaha yathAsaMbhava cikitsA kI icchA na rakhe, kintu sAdhaka ke vyathita hone para pradhAna muni kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha viSama upAyoM se bhI usake usa roga ke upazamana kA prayAsa kareM, kyoMki usake abhAva meM jinazAsana sAdhakoM se zUnya ho jaaegaa| kadAcit upacAra se bhI roga kA nirodha na ho, to muni ko apanI AyuSya pUrNa hone kA samaya jAnakara antya - ArAdhanA karanI caahie| antya - ArAdhanA hetu glAna ke samakSa caturvidhasaMgha ko ekatrita kare tathA glAna ko jinabimba ke darzana karavAkara use devavandana evaM zrutadevatA Adi kI stuti tathA kAyotsarga krvaaeN| tatpazcAt glAna uttama ArAdhanA hetu vAsakSepa karane ke lie nivedana kre| aisA kahe jAne para ArAdhanA karAne vAle AcArya usake sira para vAsakSepa nikSipta kreN| tadanantara glAnamuni AlocanA karake samasta jIvarAzi se kSamA yAcanA kre| isake sAtha hI glAnamuni caturvidhasaMgha se kisa prakAra se kSamApanA kare tathA kisa prakAra se apane samyaktva ko puSTa kare ? - isakA bhI ullekha mUlagrantha meM kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt niryApaka AcArya glAna muni ko sarvavirati sAmAyika daNDaka evaM paMcamahAvratoM ke daNDaka kA tIna bAra uccAraNa kraae| tadanantara cAra zaraNa svIkAra karake glAnamuni aThAraha pApasthAnakoM kA pUrNa rUpa se tyAga kare tathA sAgAra yA anagAra anazana kA pratyAkhyAna kare / mUlagrantha meM ina donoM pratyAkhyAnoM ke pATha bhI die gae haiN| tadanantara ArAdhanA karAne vAlA AcArya use kisa prakAra evaM kaunasA pATha sunAe - isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isa pATha ke mAdhyama se use saMsAra kI asAratA evaM anityatA kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki samAdhimaraNa hone para zrAvakoM ko saMghapUjAdi mahotsava karane caahie| tadanantara AcAradinakara meM muni ke mRtadeha kI pariSThApanikA vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake lie sarvaprathama tIna prakAra kI sthaMDila bhUmi - (1) dUrastha ( 2 ) madhyama dUrI kI evaM (3) nikaTastha kI gaveSaNA kreN| glAnamuni kI mRtyu kadAcit rAta meM ho jAe, to rAtrijAgaraNa karanA caahie| rAtrijAgaraNa ke samaya bAla, kAyara aura agItArtha muniyoM ko mRtadeha ke pAsa nahIM rahanA caahie| usa samaya kuzala aura gItArtha muni ko hI mRtadeha ke samIpa rahanA caahie| rAtri meM yadi mRtadeha meM koI vyaMtara Adi deva kA praveza ho jAe, to muni kyA kriyA kare, isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| isake sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki paiMtAlIsa muhUrta ke nakSatroM meM muni kA dehAvasAna ho, to mRta sAdhu ke zava ke pAsa meM sAdhuveza sahita kuza ke do putale rkheN| isI prakAra anya nakSatroM meM glAna kI mRtyu hone para kyA karanA cAhie

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 309 isakA bhI ullekha isa grantha meM kiyA gayA hai| muni kI aMtima kriyA ke pazcAt anya munijanoM ko kisa prakAra se devavandana karanA cAhie, muni kI mRtyu se kitane dina kA asvAdhyAyakAla lagatA hai, ityAdi bAtoM kA bhI ullekha AcAradinakara meM kiyA gayA hai| vistArabhaya se sabakA ullekha yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| etadartha mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke dvitIya bhAga ke battIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana __ jaina-paramparA meM saMlekhanA ke utkRSTa, madhyama evaM jaghanya-isa prakAra tIna bheda kie gae haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anusAra 20 saMlekhanA utkRSTataH bAraha varSa, madhyamataH eka varSa tathA jaghanyataH chaH mAsa kI hotI hai| sAmAnyataH zvetAmbara-paramparA ke granthoM meM prAyaH samAdhimaraNa sambandhI vidhiyoM meM utkRSTa saMlekhanA-vidhi kA hI ullekha milatA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki svayaM vardhamAnasUri ne bhI yahA~ utkRSTa saMlekhanA-vidhi ko vivecita kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke anusAra bhI saMlekhanA utkRSTataH bAraha varSa, jaghanyataH antamuhUrta tathA madhyamataH ina donoM ke bIca kA antaravartIkAla kI hotI hai| vardhamAnasari ne muni kI aMtimasaMlekhanA ke utkRSTakAla meM kI jAne vAlI tapasyA kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne tapa kI jo vidhi batAI hai, vahI vidhi paMcavastu, saMvegaraMgazAlA Adi meM bhI milatI hai| yadyapi uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI saMlekhanA kI vidhi batAte hue bAraha varSa ke daramyAna kie jAne vAle tapa kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, kintu uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM varNita vidhi AcAradinakara meM nirdiSTa vidhi se kucha bhinna hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM sAdhaka ko prathama cAra varSa vikRtiyoM kA tyAga karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, dUsareM cAra varSoM meM ekAntara upavAsa ke pAraNe Ayambila karane kA, gyArahaveM varSa ke cha: mahInoM taka utkRSTa tapa nahIM karane kA, pazcAt ke cha: mahIne vikRSTa tapa (telA, colA Adi tapa) karane kA tathA bArahaveM varSa meM koTIsahita, arthAt nirantara Ayambila karake eka pakSa yA eka mAsa kA anazana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki AcAradinakara meM cAra varSa paryanta vibhinna prakAra ke tapa karane kA, dvitIya cAra varSa meM vividha prakAra ke tapa karate hue vikRti pAraNA karane kA, do varSa "uttarAdhyayanasUtra, madhukaramuni, sUtra saM.736/251, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1662. "jainendra siddhAnta koza, jinendravarNI, pR.-388, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prathama saMskaraNa 1673 "uttarAdhyayanasUtra, mathukaramuni, sUtra saM.-36/252-255, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1962.

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310 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ekAntarita AyaMbila sahita upavAsa karane kA, chaH mAsa taka apekSAkRta sAmAnya tapa karate hue pAraNe ke dina parimita AhAra lekara AyaMbila karane kA, chaH mAsa taka vikRSTa tapa karane kA tathA aMtima bArahaveM varSa meM koTisahita AyaMbila karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI bhA~ti AcAradinakara meM bArahaveM varSa ke pazcAt eka pakSa yA eka mAsa ke anazana karane kA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai / yadyapi vardhamAnasUri ne matAMtara se saMlekhanA kI anya vidhi kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai, kintu vaha vidhi bhI uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM varNita vidhi se pUrNataH sadRza nahIM hai, donoM meM kucha antara hai, jise hama nimna binduoM ke mAdhyama se samajha sakate haiM (1) uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM dUsare cAra varSoM meM mAtra vikRtiyoM kA hI tyAga karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki AcAradinakara meM prathama cAra varSoM meM vibhinna tapa, arthAt binA antara ke do upavAsa, tIna upavAsa, cAra upavAsa, pA~ca upavAsa, ATha upavAsa, pakSakSamaNa (pandrahadina ke niraMtara upavAsa) mAsakSamaNa ( tIsa dina ke nirantara upavAsa ) Adi ke pAraNe ekAzana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| (2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM dUsare cAra varSoM meM vividha tapa, arthAt upavAsa, belA, telA Adi karane kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu AcAradinakara meM dvitIya cAra varSoM meM ekAntarita nIvi sahita upavAsa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| (3) uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM tIsare do varSo meM ekAntara upavAsa ke pAraNe Ayambila karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara meM bhI do varSoM meM ekAntara upavAsa ke pAraNe Ayambila karane kA nirdeza milatA hai, kintu sAdhaka cAhe, to nIvi bhI kara sakatA hai| (4) uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM gyArahaveM varSa ke chaH mahInoM taka utkRSTa tapa nahIM karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki AcAradinakara meM chaH mahIne taka upavAsa yA chaTTha ke pAraNe meM UnodarIyukta Ayambila karane kA sUcana diyA gayA hai| (5) uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM tatpazcAt chaH mAsa taka vikRSTa tapa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki AcAradinakara meM chaH mAsa taka dazama tapa ke pAraNe Ayambila karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| (6) uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM aMtima bArahaveM varSa meM koTisahita Ayambila karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai tathA anta meM eka pakSa yA eka mAsa kA anazana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, AcAradinakara meM bhI koTisahita Ayambila karane

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 311 kA nirdeza to diyA gayA hai, kintu isake sAtha hI anta meM parvata-guphA meM jAkara pAdopagamana anazana karane kA bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra AcAradinakara evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM varNita saMlekhanA kI tapa-vidhi meM kucha antara dikhAI detA hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA523 meM varNita vidhi meM bhI hameM eka vizeSa bAta dekhane ko milI ki salekhanAkAla ke aMtima bArahaveM varSa ke zeSa cAra mAsa meM sAdhaka ko lambe samaya taka mukha meM tela bharakara kullA karane ko kahA hai-aisA karane se sAdhaka kA mukha vAyu se banda nahIM hotA hai tathA mRtyukAla meM bhI vaha namaskAra mahAMmatra kA smaraNa binA kisI kaSTa ke kara sakatA hai| AcAradinakara meM hameM isa bAta kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI hameM bAraha varSa ke daramyAna isa prakAra ke vicitra tapa karane ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| bhagavatIArAdhanA ke anusAra sAdhaka prathama cAra varSa nAnA prakAra ke tapa dvArA kAya evaM klezoM ko kSINa karane meM vyatIta karatA hai| bAda ke cAra varSoM meM vaha bhojana meM samasta prakAra ke rasoM kA parityAga karake zarIra ko sukhAtA hai| yahA~ rasoM ke parityAga se tAtparya dUdha, ghI, dahI, miThAI, namakIna Adi samasta prakAra ke sarasa padArthoM kA parityAga karanA hai| zeSa cAra varSoM meM se do varSa kAMjI aura sarasa vyaMjana Adi se rahita bhojana khAkara vyatIta karatA hai, bAda ke do varSa meM se eka varSa kevala kAMjI kA AhAra letA hai| aMtima bArahaveM varSa ke prathama chaH mahIne madhyama tapa tathA aMtima chaH mahIne utkRSTa tapa karate hue vyatIta karatA hai| __ isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM bAraha varSa taka vicitra tapa dvArA zarIra evaM kaSAya ko kRza kiyA jAtA hai| Agama meM kahe gae anusAra vratoM kA pAlana karate hue kadAcita pUrvakarma ke kAraNa use roga yA zarIra meM pIr3A utpanna ho jAe, to usa samaya sAdhaka ko evaM niryApakAcArya ko kyA karanA cAhie-isakA bhI vardhamAnasUri ne spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki "roga ke utpanna hone para sAdhaka ko yathAsaMbhava, jaba taka ho sake, taba taka vedanA ko sahana karanA cAhie, cikitsA nahIM karavAnI cAhie, kintu sAdhaka ke vyathita hone para niryApaka muni kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha viSama upAyoM se, arthAt apavAdamArga kA Azraya lekara bhI usakI rakSA kre| 62"saMvegaraMgazAlA, jinacandrasUrikRta, gAthA-4012-4016, paNDita bAbUbhAI savacaMda 655/a, manasukhabhAI pola, kAlUpura, ahamadAbAda, vi.saM.-1250. 6"bhagavatIArAdhanA, saM.-kailAzacandra zAstrI, gAthA -255-256, bAla bra. zrI hIrAlAla khuzAlacaMda dozI, phalaTaNa, I.saM.-1660.

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312 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI cikitsA karane para bhI yadi roga kA nirodha na ho, to niryApaka muni yogazAstra ke paMcamaprakAza meM varNita bAhya cihnoM evaM Abhyantara sAdhanoM se mRtyu ko nikaTa jAnakara muni ko ArAdhanA kraae|,625 sAmAnyatayAH zvetAmbara evaM digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM saMlekhanA ke antargata rogopacAra karAne ke ullekha prApta nahIM hote hai; mRtyu ke nikaTa Ane para antya - ArAdhanA karane sambandhI ullekha avazya prApta hote haiN| vardhamAnasUri ne yahA~ apavAdamArga meM cikitsA kI bAta kahI hai, vaha paristhiti vizeSa kA vicAra karake ki kSapaka ko vikalatA na ho, samAdhi na TUTe - isa dRSTi se kahI hai| _626 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra' mRtyu kA samaya nikaTa jAnakara glAnamuni ke samakSa caturvidhasaMgha ko ekatrita karake evaM jinabimba ko lAkara usako antima ArAdhanA karavAnI cAhie | antima ArAdhanA kI vidhi meM glAna ko kisa prakAra se devavandana karavAnA cAhie, kina-kina devatAoM ke ArAdhanArtha kAyotsarga evaM stuti karanI cAhie, glAna ko vAsakSepa kisa prakAra se prakSepita karanA cAhie, pUrvakRta duSkRtyoM kI garhA glAna ko kisa prakAra se karanI cAhie, caturvidhasaMgha evaM sarvajIvoM se kisa prakAra kSamAyAcanA karanI cAhie. ityAdi, ina saba bAtoM kA vistRta vivecana AcAradinakara meM milatA hai / isake sAtha hI isa vidhi meM glAna ko punaH sarvaviratidaNDaka evaM mahAvratoM ke uccAraNa karavAne kA bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai| 627 zvetAmbara - paramparA ke anya granthoM, jaise - vidhimArgaprapA meM bhI isa vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| 28 vidhimArgaprapA meM varNita vidhi prAyaH AcAradinakara meM varNita vidhi ke sadRza hI hai| digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM isa prakAra kI vidhi kA ullekha to dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai, kintu usameM bhI punaH mahAvratAropaNa, sarvajIvarAzi se kSamAyAcanA evaM duSkRtyoM kI AlocanA ke ullekha haiN| glAna kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake mRtazarIra kI pariSThApana-kriyA kisa prakAra se kareM ? isakA bhI AcAradinakara meM samyak prakAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai / sAdhu ke prANa nikala jAne para usake zarIra ke visarjana kI kriyA sabhI munijana karate haiN| isake lie munijana sarvaprathama tIna prakAra kI sthaMDilabhUmi kI gaveSaNA karate haiN| tatpazcAt mRta muni kI kyA-kyA kriyAe~ karanI cAhie, muni 625 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-battIsavA~, pR. 136, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 626 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-battIsavA~, pR. 136, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 620 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- battIsavA~, pR. 137, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 628 vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa- 32, pR. 77, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 630 kI mRtyu rAtri meM huI ho, to anya muniyoM ko kyA karanA cAhie, muni kI mRtadeha meM yadi kisI vyaMtaradeva kA praveza ho jAe, to kyA karanA cAhie - isakA bhI AcAradinakara meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / 62 vidhimArgaprapA meM bhI muni kI pariSThApanikA - vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| vidhimArgaprapA meM hameM eka vizeSa bAta dekhane ko milI ki kadAcit mRtadeha meM kisI vyaMtaradeva kA praveza hone se vaha deha uThe, to muni ko usa kSetra kA tyAga kara denA cAhie ( arthAt vasatI meM mRtadeha uThe, to vasatI kA tyAga kara denA cAhie ) - isakA vistRta ullekha hameM vidhimArgaprapA meM hI dekhane ko milA, AcAradinakara meM hameM isa viSaya kI carcA nahIM milatI hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura usakI aparAjitATIkA meM bhI hameM isa prakAra kI kucha kriyAoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| sAmAnyataH jo muni mRtyu ko nikaTa jAnakara svayaM hI kisI nirjana sthAna para pAdopagamanamaraNa ko svIkAra kara letA hai, unake lie ina saba kriyAoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / mRtamuni kI deha ko vahIM visarjita kara niryApakamuni vApasa A jAtA hai, kintu yadi kisI muni kA vasati meM hI dehAvasAna ho jAe, to usa samaya kyA kriyA karanI cAhie, usa apekSA se hI vardhamAnasUri ne yahA~ pariSThApanakriyA kA vivecana kiyA hai - yaha saba vivecana prakArAntara se maraNavibhakti, ArAdhanApatAkA Adi prAcIna zvetAmbara grantha meM upalabdha haiN| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra muni kI mRtyu ke samaya nakSatroM kA vicAra karate hue hI mRtadeha kA visarjana karanA cAhie / vizAkhA, rohiNI, uttarAtraya aura punarvasu-ina nakSatroM meM yadi sAdhu kI mRtyu huI ho, to mRta sAdhu ke pAsa do kuza ke putale banAkara unake hAtha meM laghu rajoharaNa evaM mukhavastrikA rakhanA cAhie tathA mRtaka sAdhu ke bAe~ hAtha kI tarapha muni ke svayaM ke upakaraNoM ko evaM ina kuzamaya putaloM ko DorI se bAMdhanA caahie| isI prakAra anya nakSatroM se sambandhita vidhi-vidhAnoM kI bhI carcA granthakAra ne vistAra se kI haiN| nizIthacUrNi, vidhimArgaprapA Adi meM bhI hameM isa prakAra kI carcA dekhane ko milatI hai| digambara- paramparA kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM hameM isa prakAra kA ullekha kucha prakArAntara se dekhane ko milatA hai| 313 626 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-battIsavA~, pR. 138 - 136 nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 630 6. vidhimArgaprapA, jinaprabhasUrikRta, prakaraNa- 33, pR. 78, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 2000. " AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-battIsavA~, pR. 138-136, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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314 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI muni kI mRtadeha kA visarjana karane ke pazcAt sAdhu-sAdhvI ko kisa prakAra se caityavaMdana karanA cAhie, vasati kI zuddhi kisa prakAra se karanI cAhie tathA zrAvakoM dvArA kyA-kyA kiyA jAnA cAhie-ina sabakA ullekha bhI hameM AcAradinakara meM milatA hai| 632 vartamAna meM bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke mUrtipUjakasaMgha meM yaha vidhi munijanoM dvArA kI jAtI hai aura mRtadeha kA agnisaMskAra zrAvakoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| jJAtavya hai prAcInakAla ke zvetAmbara aura digambara-granthoM meM muni ke mRtadeha ko nirjana vana yA parvata para muniyoM dvArA hI visarjita karane kA ullekha hai| AcAradinakara meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki munijanoM dvArA mRtadeha kA visarjana karane ke pazcAt zava kI zeSa kriyA zrAvakoM dvArA kI jAtI hai| isa bAta kA ullekha karate hue anta meM granthakAra ne likhA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI mRtyu hone para sUtaka, piNDadAna, zoka Adi nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA meM pracalita antya-saMskAra kI vidhi tathA AcAradinakara meM varNita aMtimasaMlekhanA-vidhi meM AMzika samAnatA aura kahIM AMzika bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai| unhoMne AcAradinakara meM prAcIna vidhi ke sAtha-sAtha apane samaya meM pracalita vidhi se samanvaya kiyA hai| upasaMhAra isa prakAra tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke pazcAta isa vidhi kI upayogitA evaM AvazyakatA ke sandarbha meM vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| saMsAra meM Ane ke bAda pratyeka jIva navIna karmoM kA baMdha kara janma-maraNa ke cakra meM phaMsA rahatA hai, kintu ArAdhanA se jIva apane pUrvakRta karmoM ko kSaya karake isa janma ko sArthaka kara sakatA hai| jaisA ki paMcavastu 623 meM kahA gayA hai ki-ArAdhaka jIva antima ArAdhanA se pramAda ke kAraNa baMdhe hue jJAnAvaraNIya vagairaha azubha karmoM kA kSaya karake bhavAMtara meM jAti-kula Adi kI apekSA se vizuddha janma ko prApta karatA hai aura use punaH samyak cAritra kA yoga prApta hotA hai| 632AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-battIsavA~, pR.-136-136, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 633 paMcavastuka, AcArya rAjazekhara sUrIzvara, prakaraNa- saMlekhanAdvAra, pR.-687, arihaMta ArAdhanA TrasTa, muMbaI, dvitIya AvRtti.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana to _ 634 yadi jIva apane antima kSaNoM meM bhI samyak ArAdhanA karatA hai, nizcita rUpa se nikaTa bhaviSya meM mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| jaisA ki saMvegaraMgazAlA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki paNDitamaraNa prApta karake yaha jIva usI bhava meM, athavA devagati kA eka bhava karake punaH zrAvakakula meM janma lekara zuddhacAritra pAlakara tIsare bhava meM mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai, adhikatama AThaveM bhava meM to mukta ho hI jAtA hai| 635 isa jagat meM cintAmaNi maNiratna, kAmadhenu aura kalpavRkSa dvArA bhI jisakI prApti duHsAdhya hai, use prApta karAne meM paNDitamaraNa hI samartha hai, ataH yaha sAdhanA atyanta anivArya hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra karmoM ke kSaya ke lie tathA zubhadhyAna ke lie bhI yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai, 636 kyoMki antima ArAdhanA karate samaya jIva ke pariNAma itane nirmala ho jAte haiM jisase vaha nae karmoM kA baMdha nahIM kara pAtA hai / sAmAnyataH jIva jaba mRtyu ke nikaTa pahu~catA hai, to usake mana meM aneka prakAra ke zubhAzubha saMkalpa-vikalpa prArambha ho jAte haiM aura una zubhAzubha vicAroM meM vaha karmoM kA bandha kara letA hai| antima samaya kI ArAdhanA se jIva saMkalpa - vikalpa se rahita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki ArAdhanA karate samaya use itanA avakAza hI nahIM milatA hai ki vaha koI saMkalpa - vikalpa kara sake, ataH zubhAzubha karmoM ke baMdha ko aTakAne ke lie bhI yaha saMskAra mahatvapUrNa hai| 315 muni kI mRtyu ke samaya nakSatroM kA vicAra karake unase sambandhita vidhi-vidhAna karanA bhI munisaMgha ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai, kyoMki usake abhAva meM munisaMgha para vipatti A sakatI hai| ataH kina nakSatroM meM kyA karanA cAhie, isakA jJAna honA bhI munijanoM ke lie Avazyaka hai / saMkSepa meM kRta karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie tathA zubhadhyAna kI prApti ke lie yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hI nahIM, varan upayogI bhI hai| 634 'saMvegaraMgazAlA, jinacandrasUrikRta, gAthA - 3712 - 3714, paNDita bAbUbhAI savacaMda 655 /a, manasukhabhAI pola, kAlUpura, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 1250. 635 saMvegaraMgazAlA, jinacandrasUrikRta, gAthA - 3736, paNDita bAbUbhAI savacaMda 655 / a, manasukhabhAI pola, kAlUpura, ahamadAbAda, vi.saM. 1250. 636 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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316 adhyAya-6 AcAradinakara meM varNita sAmAnya ATha saMskAra sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI prastuta adhyAya meM AcAradinakara meM varNita ATha sAmAnya saMskAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| gRhastha evaM muni- ina donoM sambandhita ATha saMskAroM ke sambandha meM vaidika evaM digambara - paramparA meM kyA avadhAraNA hai? unameM paraspara kyA samAnatA hai evaM kyA bhinnatA hai? isakA bhI yahA~ vivecana kiyA gayA hai| meM AcAradinakara meM varNita ATha saMskAroM meM- (1) pratiSThA - vidhi (2) zAntika - karma ( 3 ) pauSTika - karma (4) bali-vidhAna ( 5 ) prAyazcitta - vidhi ( 6 ) Avazyaka - vidhi (7) tapa - vidhi evaM (8) padAropaNa - vidhi se hameM kucha vidhiyoM kI carcA digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM milatI haiM, jaise pratiSThA - vidhi, zAntika-karma, bali-vidhAna, tapa - vidhi Adi, kintu vahA~ inheM saMskAroM ke rUpa meM na mAnakara eka dhArmika kRtya ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM ye vidhiyA~ prakArAntara rUpa meM pracalita haiM, aura unakA uddezya prAyaH AcAradinakara meM varNita ATha saMskAroM ke abhiprAya se milatA hai| digambara- paramparA meM AcAradinakara kI hI bhA~ti prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahA~ prAyazcitta kI vidhi kucha bhinna hai, jisakA vivecana hama prasaMga Ane para kreNge| isa prakAra ina tInoM paramparAoM kI ina saMskAroM ke sambandha meM kyA - kyA avadhAraNAe~ haiM, isakA vizleSaNa hama AgAmI pRSThoM meM kreNge| pratiSThA vidhi pratiSThA - vidhi kA svarUpa bhASA - jagat meM pratiSThA zabda ke unake artha haiM- ThaharanA, rahanA, sthiti, sthAyitva, uccapada, pramukhatA, khyAti, yaza ityAdi / yahA~ para pratiSThA zabda kA

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 317 tAtparya pUjyatA se liyA gayA hai| jaisA ki vardhamAnasUri ne svayaM kahA hai,637 kisI vyakti aura vastu ko pUjyatA pradAna karane ke lie jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, use pratiSThA-vidhi kahate haiN| jaisA muni AcAryapada yA anya yogya pada se, brAhmaNa veda-saMskAra se, kSatriya rAjya meM kisI mahatvapUrNa pada para abhisikta hone se, vaizya zreSThipada se, zUdra rAjasammAna se, evaM zilpI zilpasammAna se pratiSThA ko prApta karatA hai, usI prakAra pASANa se yA anya kisI vastu se nirmita jinezvara evaM anya devoM kI pratimAoM ko bhI maMtra-kriyAoM dvArA pratiSThita kiyA jAtA hai, arthAt unheM pUjanIya banAyA jAtA hai| paramAtmA Adi kI pratimA kI pratiSThA kaise evaM kina maMtroM se kI jAe? isI kA isa vidhi meM vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| prasaMgavaza isa adhyayana meM naMdyAvartta mahApUjana, bRhatsnAtravidhi Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, isake sAtha hI isameM jina-pratiSThA ke kAma meM Ane vAle 360 kriyANakoM kI sUcI bhI dI gaI hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM jina-pratiSThA sambandhI prAcIna-arvAcIna aneka grantha upalabdha haiM, yathA- pratiSThAkalpa, nirvANakalikA, sAmAcArI, vidhimArgaprapA, kalyANakalikA, pratiSThAvidhi samuccaya aadi| ina sabhI granthoM meM varNita vidhi prAyaH samAna hI hai| yadyapi AcArya haribhadra ke paMcAzaka prakaraNa meM bhI jinabimba-pratiSThA kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahA~ maMtroccAra evaM usake vistRta vidhi-vidhAna kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI jinabimba Adi kI pratiSThA sambandhI aneka grantha milate haiM, yathAmAghanandIkRta pratiSThAkalpa, vasunaMdIkRta pratiSThAsAra saMgraha, jayasenAcArya kRta pratiSThApATha, AzAdharakRta pratiSThAsAroddhAra, pratiSThAtilaka aadi| hindU-paramparA meM bhI viSNu, ziva evaM anya devI-devatAoM kI pratiSThA kI jAtI hai, usameM bhI pratiSThAmahodadhi, pratiSThA mayUkha, agnipurANa, pratiSThArNava Adi aneka grantha milate vardhamAnasari ke anusAra 628 acetana pratimA meM maMtrAdi dvArA devatA kA praveza karavAne ke lie pratiSThA-vidhi niSpanna kI jAtI hai| pratiSThA-vidhi ke daramyAna jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI hai, ve sabhI kisI prayojana se hI kI jAtI hai| jaise-636 pratiSThA meM vedI, dIpaka, mudrA, kalpyakarma Adi se sambandhita jo vidhi-vidhAna kie jAte haiM, ve saba deva gRha evaM devapratimA Adi kI rakSA ke lie kie jAte hai| isI prakAra kaMkaNa baMdhana kI kriyA bhI rakSA ke uddezya se hI kI jAtI hai| tIna sau sATha kriyANakoM dvArA jinabimba kI jo pUjA kI jAtI hai, vaha 630 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- teMtIsavA~ pR.-141, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.- 362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-362, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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318 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI bimba ke prabhAva ko bar3hAne ke uddezya se kI jAtI hai, ityaadi| saMkSepa meM isa vidhi kA prayojana pASANa Adi se nirmita pratimA ko pUjanIya banAkara vibhinna kriyAoM dvArA usakA saMrakSaNa, upadravoM kA zamana evaM bimba ke prabhAva meM vRddhi karanA hai| yaha vidhi kaba kI jAnI cAhie? isa sambandha meM vardhamAnasUri ne jyotiSa sambandhI vistRta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unake anusAra mUlA, punarvasu, svAti, anurAdhA, hasta, zravaNa, revatI, rohiNI aura uttarAtraya nakSatra pratiSThA evaM dIkSA hetu zreSTha kahe gae hai| zAstroM meM kahe gae sAta doSoM kA tyAga karake ina nakSatroM meM pratiSThA-vidhi kI jAnI caahie| siMhastha guru ke varSa ko chor3akara tathA maMgalavAra ko chor3akara zubha varSa, mAsa, nakSatra, vAra kI zuddhi dekhakara hI pratiSThA kA kArya kiyA jAnA caahie| tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke janma nakSatra meM tathA maghA, vizAkhA, jyeSThA, dhaniSThA aura pUrvAbhAdrapadA nakSatra meM pratiSThA nahIM karanI caahie| isI prakAra dUsare grahoM se grasita graha, udita evaM astagata graha-nakSatra meM evaM krUra tathA ugra grahoM se AkrAnta nakSatroM meM bhI pratiSThA nahIM karanI caahie| vidhimArgaprapA, paMcAzakaprakaraNa Adi meM hameM pratiSThA muhUrta ke sambandha meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hote hai| vAstusAra prakaraNa, kalyANakalikA meM avazya isase sambandhita vistRta ullekha milate hai| digambara-paramparA meM pratiSThA-vidhi kaba kI jAe? isase sambandhita ullekha prApta hote hai| pratiSThApATha ke anusAra nimitta jJAnI jyotiSazAstra ke jJAtA dvArA nirdiSTa dina meM pratiSThA-vidhi kI jAnI caahie| pratiSThAkArya meM maMgalavAra, zanivAra evaM ravivAra kA tyAga karanA caahie| siddha, amRta Adi yoga kI yojanA karake tathA amAvasyA kA tyAga karake kI gaI pratiSThA kartA ke lie sukhakArI hotI hai| isI prakAra jisa tithi meM jisa paramAtmA kA jo kalyANaka huA ho, usa kalyANaka-tithi meM kI gaI pratiSThA zubha hotI hai| uttarAtraya, punarvasu, puSya, hasta, zravaNa- ye nakSatra tathA revatI, rohiNI aura azvinI nakSatra meM yadi zubhayoga ho, to ye bhI pratiSThA hetu grAhya hai| citrA, maghA, svAti, bharaNI, mUla nakSatroM ko kevala aparihArya paristhiti meM aMgIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, ityaadi| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI hameM viSNu, brahmA, zina Adi devoM ke pratiSThA sambandhI kAla kA ullekha milatA hai| jaisA ki pratiSThA mahodadhi meM kahA gayA hai42- pUrvASAr3hA; uttarASAr3hA mUla, uttarAtraya, jyeSThA, zravaNa, rohiNI, 640 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- teMtIsavA~, pR.-143-145, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 64" pratiSThApATha, jayasenAcArya viracita, pR.-45-48, seTha hIrAlAla nemacaMda DozI, maMgalavAra peTha, zolApura, vI. saM. 2452 pratiSThAmahodadhi, sva. pa. zrI vAyunaMdana mizra, pra.-1, caukhambA amarabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 2005.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 319 pUrvAbhAdrapadA, hasta, azvinI, revatI, puSya, mRgazIrSa, anurAdhA, tathA svAtI nakSatra pratiSThA hetu zreSTha kahe gae hai| pratiSThA kArya meM cara rAzi ke lagna kA tyAga karanA cAhie tathA sthira rAzi ke lagna ko grahaNa karanA cAhie, ityaadi| isa prakAra pratiSThAkAla ke sambandha meM sabake apane apane maMtavya hai| saMskAra kA kartA : vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra yaha vidhi gRhastha-vidhikAraka evaM AcAryAdi yA sthavira muniyoM dvArA saMyukta rUpa se karavAI jAtI hai| vartamAna meM bhI yaha vidhi zvetAmbara-paramparA meM vidhikAraka evaM AcArya yA sthavira muniyoM dvArA hI karavAI jAtI hai| digambara-paramparA meM pratiSThA-vidhi zrAvakoM dvArA karavAne ke ullekha milate haiN| paNDita AzAdharajI ke anusAra243 vAnaprastha aura bhikSu ko pratiSThA karAne kA niSedha hai| dUsarI jagaha aisA bhI kahA gayA hai ki cauthI pratimA se AThavIM pratimA taka pA~ca pratimA vAloM meM koI bhI ho, vahI pratiSThA karavAne kA adhikArI hai, kintu vartamAna meM netronmIlana evaM maMtradAna kA kArya AcArya yA sthavira muni dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| yadi AcArya yA muni na ho, to usa samaya pratiSThAcArya ko bhI jinaliMga ko dhAraNa karake hI ye donoM kriyAe~ karanI caahie| pratiSThApATha meM bhI pratiSThA karane hetu Avazyaka adhikAriyoM kA varNana karate hue sarvaprathama sUrimaMtra ke dAtAra AcArya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|644 sambhavataH yahA~ nirgrantha AcArya ke lie hI nirdeza diyA gayA hogaa| vaidika-paramparA meM karmakAMDa vizArada AcArya dvArA pratiSThA karavAne ke ullekha saMprApta hote hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pravedita kI haipratiSThA-vidhi - vardhamAnasUri ne pratiSThA-vidhi ke antargata jinabimba, caitya, kalaza, dhvaja, parikara, zAsanadevatA, kSetrapAla Adi kI pratiSThA kI vidhiyA~ pratipAdita kI hai| isameM sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kisa AkAra-prakAra kI pratimAoM kI kisa sthAna para pratiSThA karanI caahie| phira isa grantha meM pratiSThA kA muhUrta jAnane hetu nakSatra, rAzi, tithi, vAra, lagnazuddhi, Adi kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt kisa prakAra ke patthara, thAtu athavA kASTha kI pratimA banAI jAtI hai, 645 pratiSThAsAroddhAra, paM. AzAdhara jI, adhyAya-1, pR.-13, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI jaina graMtha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1674. 65 pratiSThApATha, jayasenAcArya viracita, pR.- 12, seTha hIrAlAla nemacaMda DozI, maMgalavAra peTha, zolApura, vi. saM. : 2452

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI isakA ullekha kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai, ki zuddha bhUmi se prApta patthara, dhAtu yA kASTha kI pratimA banAnI caahie| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ miTTI evaM gobara se bhI lepya pratimA banAne kA ullekha huA hai| 320 pratiSThA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna meM sarvaprathama kSetrazuddhi kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AvazyakatA ke anurUpa sau dhanuSa, pacAsa dhanuSa yA paccIsa dhanuSa yA sau hAtha kSetra kI zuddhi karake use gaumUtra evaM gobara Adi se lipta kreN| usake pazcAt rAjA ko upahAra dekara amArI arthAt hiMsA - niSedha kI ghoSaNA karAeM tathA unase pratiSThA kI anujJA prApta kreN| isI avasara para mUrti yA caitya nirmAtA ko vastra, mudrikA Adi se sammAnita kareM aura pacAsa yojana kI paridhi meM rahe hue caturvidhasaMgha ko Amantrita kreN| pratiSThA-vidhi ke prAMrabha meM dikpAloM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| isa pUjA hetu jala ke kalaza aura vedikA kI racanA kI jAtI hai aura sabhI dizAoM meM akhaNDita pAtroM meM nAnA prakAra ke pakavAna rakhe jAte haiM evaM cAroM dizAoM ko dhUpa se suvAsita kiyA jAtA hai| ye pakavAna kisa prakAra banAe jAeM, unheM kauna banAeM, sUkhe evaM gIle- kisa prakAra ke phala rakhe jAeM? isakI vistRta carcA mUlagrantha meM kI gaI hai| isI avasara para aMjanazalAkA hetu netrAMjana banAne kI vidhi kA ullekha huA hai| tadanantara pUrva sthApita bimba kI snAtra vidhi se pUjA evaM AratI kI jAtI hai tathA AtmarakSA hetu sakalIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / tadanantara vibhinna devI-devatAoM ke nimitta kAyotsarga aura stavana kA krama calatA hai aura zucividyA kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt navIna bimba para puSpAMjali arpita karate haiM, raudradRSTi se tarjanI mudrA batAte haiM aura bAe~ hAtha meM jala lekara bimba para chIMTate hai| yaha kriyA duSTa devatAoM ke upazamana hetu kI jAtI hai / phira vajramudrA, garur3amudrA Adi mudrAoM se bimba ke sampUrNa zarIra kI rakSA kI jAtI hai aura bali-vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai / tadanantara paMcaratna kI poTTalikA bimba kI aMgulI meM bAMdhI jAtI hai| usake bAda hiraNyodaka, ratnodaka aura udumbara varga kI chAla Adi sarvauSadhiyoM se vAsita jala se vibhinna chaMdoM ko bolate hue nau abhiSeka karavAe jAte haiM aura phira AcArya vibhinna mudrAoM se vibhinna pratiSThAkara devatAoM kA AhvAna karate hai / kisa jala ke dvArA, kisa maMtra se bimba kA abhiSeka kiyA jAe? isakI bhI vistRta carcA vardhamAnasUri ne mUlagrantha meM kI hai| isI krama meM bIca-bIca meM candanapUjA, puSpapUjA, dhUpapUjA kI jAtI hai tathA darpaNa meM bimba ke pratibimba ko maMtra ke uccAraNa pUrvaka dekhA jAtA hai / tadanantara eka sau ATha zuddha jala ke kalazoM se bimba kA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA hai aura kaMkaNa - baMdhana kI kriyA kI jAtI hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 321 navIna bimba kI pratiSThA ke isa avasara para naMdyAvartta ke Alekhana evaM usake pUjana kA bhI vidhAna vardhamAnasUri ne vistAra se batAyA hai| naMdyAvarta meM ATha padoM evaM vibhinna devI-devatAoM kI pUjA ke anantara bimba kA netronmIlana, arthAt aMjanazalAkA evaM sthirIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| sarvasaMgha usakI mahApUjA karate hai evaM bimba kI AratI karake naivedya Adi car3hAkara bhUtabali dI jAtI hai| phira yaha bimba supratiSThita rahe- aisI kAmanA kI jAtI hai| tadanantara isa pratiSThA-mahotsava meM kArya karane vAloM ko vastrAbhUSaNa Adi pradAna kie jAte hai| isa prakAra bimba kI pratiSThA sampanna hone para usakI pratidina snAtrapUjA kI jAtI hai| snAtrapUjA ko vibhinna kriyAoM evaM unake maMtroM kA ullekha bhI yahA~ vardhamAnasUri ne kiyA hai| phira pratiSThA-vidhi ke anta meM dikpAla evaM grahoM ke virsajana kI vidhi batAI gaI haiM aura tIna, pA~ca, sAta yA nau dina ke bAda pratimA ke kaMkaNamocana kI kriyA kareM- isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI kaMkaNamocana ke avasara para kyA-kyA kriyAe~ kareM? isakA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA ___ mUlagrantha meM bimbapratiSThA ke atirikta caityapratiSThA, kalazapratiSThA, dhvajapratiSThA, bimba ke parikara kI pratiSThA, devIpratiSThA, kSetrapAlapratiSThA, gaNeza Adi devoM kI pratiSThA, siddhamUrti kI pratiSThA, devatAvasara samavasaraNa kI pratiSThA, maMtrapaTapratiSThA, pitRmUrtipratiSThA, yatimUrtipratiSThA, navagrahapratiSThA, caturnikAyadevapratiSThA, gRhapratiSThA, vApI, sarovara Adi jalAzayoM kI pratiSThA, vRkSapratiSThA, aTTAlikA Adi bhavanapratiSThA, durga pratiSThA evaM bhUmi adhivAsanA Adi vidhiyoM kA bhI ullekha vardhamAnasUri ne kiyA hai| vistAra bhaya se hama usakA vivecana yahA~ nahI kara rahe haiM, use AcAradinakara ke pratiSThAvidhAna nAmaka udaya evaM usake mere dvArA kie gae anuvAda meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAnasari ne isa vidhi meM sarvaprathama bimbapratiSThA kI carcA karate hue gRhacaitya evaM caitya meM pratiSThita kI jAne vAle pratimA ke parimANa, usakI saMracanA tathA vAstusAra se viparIta pratimA kI AkRti hone para usase kyA-kyA hAniyA~ hotI haiM- usakA vizada varNana kiyA hai| jaise05-caitya meM viSama aMgula yA hastaparimANa vAle bimba ko hI sthApita kareM, sama aMgula parimANa vAle bimba ko "AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-tetIsavA~, pR.-142-143, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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322 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI sthApita na kreN| bAraha aMgula se kama parimANa vAle bimba ko sarva sAdhAraNa logoM ke lie nirmita caitya meM sthApita nahIM karanA caahie| gRha caitya meM eka aMgula se lekara gyAraha aMgula parimANa kI pratimA pUjA hetu sthApita kreN| adhika yA kama parimANa vAlI, viSama aMga vAlI aura apratiSThita pratimA amaMgalakAraka hotI haiityAdi pratimA sambandhI vistRta carcA isa vidhi meM kI gaI hai| isake sAtha hI vardhamAnasUri ne jinaprAsAda meM kaunase bhAga meM kisakI pratimA sthApita kareM tathA gRhacaitya ke bimba ke kyA lakSaNa hone cAhieM? isakI bhI carcA unhoMne apane isa prakaraNa meM kI hai| vAstusAraprakaraNa meM bhI pratiSThA-nirmANa sambandhI vistRta jAnakArI milatI hai| isI prakAra vivekavilAsa meM bhI tatsambandhI yatkiMcit sUcanAe~ upalabdha hotI hai| digambara-paramparA ke pratiSThAsAroddhAra Adi meM bhI hameM pratimA ke lakSaNa Adi kI carcA milatI hai, yathA647- apane ghara ke caityAlaya meM eka vistati se adhika parimANa vAlI pratimA nahIM rakheM, use sArvajanika jina maMdira meM hI rakhakara puujeN| aisI pratimA pratiSThA ke yogya nahI hotI hai, jo ki pahale pratiSThita ho, jinaliMga ke sivAya dUsarA AkAra ho, pahale ziva Adi AkAra banA ho, phira phor3a kara jinadeva kA Akara kiyA ho, ityaadi| isI prakAra vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM, yathA- agnipurANa, pratiSThAmayUkha meM viSNu, kRSNa, brahma, Adi kI pratimAoM ke lakSaNoM kI carcA milatI hai, kintu zilpazAstra ke kucha granthoM meM * viSNu, ziva Adi kI pratimA ke sAtha jinapratimA ke bhI lakSaNa die gae hai| phira bhI vardhamAnasUri ne jitanI vistRta carcA isa sambandha meM kI hai, utanI vistRta carcA hameM anyatra kahIM dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| jina-pratimA kI pratiSThA se pUrva kitane-kitane kSetra kI zuddhi karanI cAhie- isakA ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne kSetra kA jaghanyataH, madhyamataH evaM utkRSTataH parimANa batAyA hai| unake anusAra pratiSThA se pUrva utane kSetra kI vidhipUrvaka zuddhi karanI caahie| rAjA se amAri ghoSaNA karavAnI caahie| rAjA yA nagara ke adhipati ko pracura mAtrA meM bheTa dekara pratiSThA kI anujJA prApta karanI caahie| somapurA, arthAt mandira yA mUrti ke nirmAtA ko vastra, mudrikA Adi svarNAbhUSaNa dAna meM dene cAhie tathA apane sthAna se pacAsa yojana kI paridhi meM sthita AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAoM ko AmaMtrita karanA 6"vAstusAra prakaraNa, anu.- paM. bhagavAnadAsa jaina, prakaraNa-2, pR.-73-65, rAjarAjendra, prakAzana TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, 16866. pratiSThA sAroddhAra, paM. AzAdharajI, adhyAya-1, pR.-6, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI jaina grantha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1674.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 323 caahie| paMcAzakaprakaraNa648 meM bhUmi zuddhi karane kA to vidhAna milatA hai, kintu anya bAtoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| digambara-paramparA ke pratiSThApATha646 Adi meM bhI kSetrazuddhi, pratiSThA hetu rAjAnujJA, muni, AryikA, zrAvaka, zrAvikAoM ko nimaMtrita karane Adi ke ullekha milate haiN| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI maMDapArtha bhUzuddhi Adi kI carcA karane ke pazcAta pratiSThA evaM pratiSThA hetu upayogI sAmagriyoM kI vistRta carcA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anya granthoM yathAvAstusAraprakaraNa, kalyANa kalikA Adi meM bhI jinapratimApratiSThA ke muhUrta Adi kI itanI hI vistRta carcA milatI hai, kintu pratiSThA hetu upayogI sAmagrI kA itanA vistRta ullekha hameM zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAna sambandhI prAcIna granthoM meM nahI milatA hai, yadyapi paravartI granthoM meM inakA ullekha avazya milatA hai| AcAradinakara meM hI hameM ina donoM viSayoM kI vistRta jAnakArI milatI hai| digambara-paramparA ke pratiSThApATha 650 nAmaka grantha meM bhI pratiSThA upayogI sAmagrI evaM pratiSThA-muhUrta sambandhI sUcanAe~ upalabdha hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM hameM ina viSayoM kI carcA nahIM milatI hai| vaidika-paramparA ke ati prAcIna granthoM agnipurANa Adi meM to hameM isase sambandhita koI vizeSa ullekha prApta nahIM hote hai, kintu paravartI granthoM meM pratiSThA upayogI sAmagrI evaM pratiSThA-muhUrta ke sambandha meM kucha ullekha milate hai, jaise ki pratiSThAmayUkha 51 meM ratnASTaka, dhAtvASTaka (haritAlAdi), bIjASTaka, dhAtvASTaka (suvarNAdi), saptamRttikA, sarvoSadhI, sapta dhAnya, Adi pratiSThA upayogI sAmagrI kA ullekha milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki pratiSThA hetu upayogI ina sAmagrI kI sUcI AcAradinakara meM bhI varNita hai| ___AcAradinakara ke anusAra 652 jinabimba kI pratiSThA hetu pahale zuddhisaMskAra se yukta laghubimba ko caityagRha meM pUjA hetu laaeN| tatpazcAt sthirabimba ko paMcaratna tathA kumbhakAra ke cakra kI mRttikA sahita sthApita kareM tathA calabimba ke nIce pavitra nadI kI bAlU evaM mUla sahita eka bAlizta mAtra darbha rakhakara bimba ko sthApita kreN| phira nirdiSTa jalAzayoM kI vidhipUrvaka pUjA karake jalAzayoM kA jala laaeN| granthakAra ne yahA~ jalAzaya-pUjA ke maMtra kA bhI 646 paMcAzakaprakaraNa, anu.- DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa-8, pra.-137, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1667. 646 pratiSThApATha, jayasenAcAryakRta, pR.- 46-52, seTha hIrAcaMda nemacaMda DozI, maMgalavAra peTha, zolApura, vI.saM. 2452 65 pratiSThApATha, jayasenAcAryakRta, pR.-11, seTha hIrAcaMda nemacaMda DozI, maMgalavAra peTha, zolApura, vI.saM.- 2452 "pratiSThAmayUkha,anu.- DaoN. mahezacandra jozI, pR.- 7-10, kRSNAdAsa akAdamI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1666. 652AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR.-150, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ullekha kiyA hai| tatpazcAt maNDapa ke madhya meM vedikA kI racanA kareM, ityAdi / jinabimba ke sthApana se pUrva kI bhUmikA kI vardhamAnasUri ne vistAra se carcA kI haiM digambara - paramparA meM bhI jinabimba kI pratiSThA se pUrva uparyukta vidhi-vidhAna karane ke ullekha milate hai, kintu sthirabimba ko paMcaratna tathA kumbhakAra ke cakra kI mRttikA sahita sthApita karane tathA calabimba ke nIce pavitra nadI kI bAlU evaM mUla sahita darbha rakhane kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI maNDapa Adi banAne ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu agnipurANa meM jo pratiSThA - vidhi dI hai, usameM ziva Adi devoM kI pratimA ke nIce dUba Adi rakhane kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai / hA~, pratiSThA ke samaya svarNa evaM cA~dI Adi dhAtuoM se nirmita vastuoM ke rakhane sambandhI ullekha avazya milate haiN| 324 AcAradinakara653 meM bimba-pratiSThA se pUrva dikpAloM kI sthApanA, unakI pUjA karanA, cAroM dizAoM meM bhUtabali denA, snAtrakAroM, vidhikAraka evaM AcArya ke deha kI rakSA evaM sakalIkaraNa karanA, caityavaMdana karanA, devI-devatAoM ke ArAdhanArtha kAyotsarga evaM stuti karanA, laghusnAtrapUjA karanA, bimba para puSpAMjali arpaNa karanA, mudrAoM dvArA bimba kI rakSA karanA, dasoM dizAoM kA digbandha karanA, vibhinna auSadhiyoM Adi ke mAdhyama se jina bimba kA abhiSeka karanA, kaMkaNa-baMdhana karanA, dasa valayoM se yukta naMdyAvartta kA Alekhana pUrvaka usakI vistAra se pUjA karanA, tathA paMcaparameSThI evaM ratnatraya ko chor3akara naMdyAvartta meM sthita sabhI devI-devatAoM evaM jina ke mAtA evaM pitA Adi ko AhUti pradAna karanA, vedikA sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna karanA, bimba-pratiSThA kA samaya najadIka Ane para caubIsa hAtha parimANa candana se vAsita evaM puSpoM se yukta sadaza navIna zveta vastra se pratimA Adi AcchAdita karanA Adi, aise aneka kArya kie jAte hai| ina saba kAryoM ke bAda guru adhivAsanAmaMtra se jinabimba kI pratiSThA karate haiM, snAtrakAra saptadhAnyoM se yuta jala se bimba kA snAna Adi karAte hai| bimba kI aMjanazalAkA kisa prakAra se evaM kisa samaya kareM- isakA bhI vidhivat varNana AcAradinakara meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya kisa prakAra se bimba ke dAe~ karNa meM maMtra bole, pratimA kA sthirIkaraNa kisa prakAra se kare, mudrA pUrvaka maMtra kA sarvAMgoM para kisa prakAra se nyAsa kare ? punaH caityavaMdana devI - devatAoM ke ArAdhanArtha kAyotsarga kisa prakAra se kare, kisa prakAra se maMgalapATha bole, dezanA de, Adi kAryoM kA bhI AcAradinakara meM vistRta varNana milatA hai| digambara - paramparA meM bhI prakArAntara se inameM se kucha vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jaise 653 agnipurANa, saM. pa. zrIrAma zarmA, prakaraNa- 145, pR. 238, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1687.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sakalIkaraNa karanA, dasa dikpAloM kA AhvAna evaM pUjA karanA, jinapratimA kI jinamaMtra se sAta bAra maMtrita karake zuddhi karanA, jinapratimA kA abhiSeka karanA, sarvauSadhi dvArA abhiSeka karake pratimA kI zuddhi karanA, kaMkaNabaMdhana karanA, zuddha vastra se pratimA ko AcchAdita karanA, netronmIlana karanA, yAgamaMDala kI sthApanA evaM pUjA karanA, solaha vidyA deviyoM kI pUjA karanA, jina mAtAoM, caubIsa yakSoM, caubIsa yakSiNiyoM, dvArapAla evaM dikpAloM kI pUjA vidhi Adi kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| digambara - paramparA meM 16 vidyAdeviyoM, 24 jinamAtAoM, 24 yakSa-yakSiNiyoM evaM dvArapAla kI pUjA ke ullekha to haiM, kintu ratnatraya, jinapitA, causaTha indrANiyoM Adi kI pUjA kA ullekha hameM vahA~ nahIM milatA hai| digambara- paramparA meM battIsa indroM kI pUjA vidhi kA nirdeza hai654, kintu AcAradinakara meM battIsa kI jagaha causaTha indroM kI sthApanA evaM pUjA vidhi karane kA ullekha milatA hai / 655 isI prakAra digambara- paramparA meM dasa valaya vAle naMdyAvartta maMDala ke sthAna para nau valaya se yukta yAgamaMDala ke Alekhana evaM pUjana karane kA vidhAna hai tathA ina valayoM meM sthApita kie jAne vAle paMcaparameSThI Adi kI vidhi meM bhI antara hai| isake sAtha hI AcAradinakara meM nirdiSTa naMdyAvartta meM vartamAna caturviMzati jina ke sthApana evaM pUjana kA ullekha milatA hai, 656 jabaki digambara- paramparA ke yAgamaMDala meM atIta, anAgata evaM vartamAna- ina tInoM kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM evaM bIsa viharamAna ke sthApana evaM pUjana kA ullekha milatA hai / ' 657 evaM AcAradinakara meM bRhatsnAtravidhi, naMdyAvartta - visarjana kI vidhi Adi kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| digambara- paramparA meM ina vidhiyoM kA ullekha nahI milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti naMdyAvartta-pUjana jinabRhatsnAtra - vidhi Adi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai- yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| yadyapi vaidika-paramparA meM pratiSThA ke samaya sarvatobhadramaNDala kI sthApanA evaM usameM sthApita brahmAdi devoM kA Ajya se homa karane kA ullekha milatA hai / 658 zivAdi kI pratiSThA ke samaya dvArapAloM, digpAloM ke pUjana, abhiSeka, kalazasthApana, bali-vidhAna, yAgamaNDapa Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina paramparA evaM 325 654 pratiSThAsAroddhAra, paM. AzAdharajI, adhyAya-3, pR. 60, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI jaina grantha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1674. 655 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR. 156, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 656 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR. 156, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 657 pratiSThApATha, jayasenAcAryakRta, pR. 154 182, seTha hIrAcaMda nemacaMda DozI, maMgalavAra peTha, zolApura vI.saM. 2452 658 pratiSThAmayUkha, anu.- DaoN. mahezacandra jozI, pR. 313, kRSNAdAsa akAdamI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1666.

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326 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI vaidika-paramparA kI mAnyatAoM meM matabheda hone ke kAraNa inake maMtroM Adi meM jo antara haiM, vaha svAbhAvika hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra956 caitya kI sthApanA, navagrahoM kI sthApanA aura dhAtu, kASTha, pASANa evaM hAthIdA~ta se nirmita jinabimboM kI pratiSThA-vidhi eka jaisI hI hai, kintu lepyamaya, arthAt miTTI Adi se banI pratimA kI pratiSThA meM itanA vizeSa hai ki lepyamaya pratimA para snAtravidhi na karake usake samakSa sthita darpaNa meM jo pratibiMba giratA hai, usakI snAtravidhi karanI cAhie, zeSa sarvavidhi pUrvavat hI kI jAtI hai| gRha caitya meM pUjanIya bimboM kI jahA~ pratiSThA kI gaI ho, cAhe unheM usI gRha yA nagara meM pratiSThita karanA ho, to bhI pUrva pratiSThita bimboM kI kaMkaNamocana-vidhi kI jAtI hai| yadi bimba ko anya kisI gRha meM, anya gA~va meM yA anya deza meM sthApita karanA ho to vahA~ le jAkara praveza mahotsavapUrvaka kaMkaNamocana karanA caahie|660 digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra ke kaMkaNamocana kA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milaa| digambara-paramparA ke pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM itanA ullekha avazya milatA hai ki citrAma Adi kI abhiSeka-vidhi usake darpaNa meM pratibiMbita bimba kI karanI caahie| vaidika-paramparA ke pratiSThA-mayUkha meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki- 'lepayukta mUrti, bhitti tathA paTa Adi meM nirmita mUrti ke snAna Adi kRtyoM ko darpaNa meM karanA cAhie aura unakA pUjana jala se rahita puSpoM se karanA caahie|' AcAradinakara meM caityapratiSThA kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra bimba pratiSThA ke zubhalagna meM, arthAt usa lagna meM jisameM bimba kI pratiSThA huI ho, athavA anya dina, mAsa, pakSa yA varSa vyatIta hone para usI lagna meM saMgha ko ekatrita karanA caahie|15 caitya kI cAroM dizAoM meM cAra vedikA banAkara caubIsa tantu sUtroM se andara kI tarapha evaM bAhara kI tarapha lapeTa kara zAntimaMtra dvArA caitya kI rakSA karanI caahie| caitya kI pratiSThA meM ve hI saba kriyAe~ hotI haiM, jo bimba-pratiSThA ke samaya kI jAtI hai| yathA- snAtrakAroM evaM auSadhi-peSaNa kA kArya karane vAlI striyoM ko AmaMtrita karanA, bRhatsnAtravidhi se pUjA karanA, sAta prakAra ke dhAnya car3hAnA tathA rakSAbandhana karanA, raudradRSTi pUrvaka donoM madhya aMgaliyoM ko khar3I karake bAe~ hAtha meM sthita jala se caitya ko abhisiMcita karanA, caitya ke Upara vastra DhakanA, naMdyAvartta-pUjana karanA, ityAdi; 56 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR.-201, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. deg AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR.-201,nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 66" AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR.-201, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 327 kintu caityapratiSThA ke samaya suramA evaM zahada se rasAMjana banAne kI kriyA nahIM hotI hai| phira lagnabelA ke Ane para jinapratiSThAmaMtra evaM vAstudevatA kA maMtra bolakara vAsakSepa pUrvaka caitya kI dehalI, toraNa evaM zikhara kI pratiSThA kI jAtI haiM tathA punaH bimba kI bRhatsnAtravidhi se pUjA karanA, caitya ke Upara se vastra utArakara mahotsava karanA, naMdyAvartta kA visarjana karanA Adi saba kriyAe~ jinabimba-pratiSThA kI bhA~ti hI kI jAtI hai| digambara-paramparA meM hameM caitya-pratiSThA kI vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milaa| vaidika-paramparA ke agnipurANa meM yadyapi prAsAda-pratiSThA kA ullekha avazya milatA hai662, kintu AcAradinakara meM nirdiSTa kAryoM kA hameM vahA~ koI ullekha nahIM milaa| pratiSThAmayUkha ke prAsAdAdhivAsana prakaraNa meM hameM uparyukta kRtyoM meM se kucha kRtyoM kI carcA milatI hai| jaise- prAsAda kA abhiSeka karanA, prAsAda ko sUtra se veSTita karanA, patAkA Adi lagAkara usakI pUjA karanA ityaadi| 562 vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM varNita prAsAda-adhivAsanA sambandhI kucha vidhAnoM kA jaise- 81 kalazoM kI sthApanA karanA 50, prAsAda ko lIpanA, 165 viSNugAyatrI ko par3hate hue cAra gAyoM ko duhanA, usa dUdha meM viSNugAyatrImaMtra se caru ko pakAkara sthApya devatA ko nivedana karake bAraha brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara 'viSNu prIyatAma'- aisA kahanA, yAjamAna AcAryoM ko gAyoM kA dAna denA,666 ityAdi ullekha hameM AcAradinakara meM nahIM milate hai| jinacaitya-pratiSThA kI vidhi ke pazcAt AcAradinakara meM kalazapratiSThA, dhvaja pratiSThA, rAjadhvaja kI pratiSThA, jinabimba ke parikara kI pratiSThA, jalapaTTa (phalaka) kI pratiSThA, toraNa kI pratiSThA, prAsAdadevI, saMpradAyadevI- kuladevI kI pratiSThA, kSetrapAla kI pratiSThA, gaNapati Adi kI pratiSThA, mANudhana Adi kula devoM kI pratiSThA, siddhamUrti kI pratiSThA, devatAvasara samavasaraNa kI pratiSThA, maMtrapaTTa kI pratiSThA, pitamUrti kI pratiSThA, yati (sAdhu-sAdhvI) mUrti kI yA stUpa kI pratiSThA, navagrahoM kI pratiSThA, caturnikAya devoM kI pratiSThA, gRha Adi kI pratiSThA, jalAzayoM agnipurANa, saM.- zrI rAma zarmA, prakaraNa-146, pR. 255, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1987. 665 pratiSThAmayUkha,anu.- DaoN. mahezacandra jozI, pR.- 205-6, kRSNAdAsa akAdamI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNaH 1966. 665 pratiSThAmayUkha,anu.- DaoN. mahezacandra jozI, pR.- 2012, kRSNAdAsa akAdamI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNaH 1666. 665 pratiSThAmayUkha,anu.- DaoN. mahezacandra jozI, pR.- 203, kRSNAdAsa akAdamI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 666 pratiSThAmayUkha, anu.-DaoN. mahezacandra jozI, pR.- 206-7, kRSNAdAsa akAdamI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNaH 1966.

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328 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI kI pratiSThA, vRkSa kI pratiSThA, aTTAlikAdi kI pratiSThA, durga kI pratiSThA tathA gRhopayogI anya sAmagriyoM kI adhivAsanA Adi kI vidhi kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai| digambara-paramparA ke pratiSThApATha Adi granthoM meM uparyukta vidhiyoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM zrutadevatA kI pratiSThA, AcArya (mUrti) kI pratiSThA, yakSAdi mUrti kI pratiSThA ke ullekha milate hai|667 vaidika-paramparA meM inameM se kucha vidhiyoM kA ullekha agnipurANa Adi meM avazya milatA hai| yathA- sUryapratiSThA, dvArapratiSThA, gaurapratiSThA, kUpa, vApI, tar3Aga Adi kI pratiSThA, devatA sAmAnyapratiSThA, vAstupratiSThA aadi| anta meM granthakAra ne sabhI pratiSThAoM kI pratiSThA dina zuddhi kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai jaise- svanakSatra, tithi, aura vAroM meM kRSNa pakSa ke zubhalagna meM candramA evaM tAroM kA bala dekhakara una devoM kI sthApanA karanI cAhie, puSya, zravaNa, abhijita nakSatra meM aizvarya se paripUrNa kubera aura kArtikeya kI pratiSThA karanI cAhie, anurAdhA tigmaruca, hasta evaM mUla nakSatra meM durgAdi kI pratiSThA karanI cAhie, ityaadi|668 digambara-paramparA ke hamAre pAsa jo grantha haiM, unameM isa prakAra kA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milaa| vaidika-paramparA ke kucha granthoM pratiSThAmayUkha, zrIprabhuvidyA pratiSThArNava meM hameM uparyukta viSaya kI AMzika carcA milatI hai, jaise- zrIprabhuvidyA pratiSThArNava meM kahA gayA hai ki saba devatAoM kI pratiSThA vaizAkha, jyeSTha evaM phAlguna mAsa meM karanI caahie| viSNu ko chor3akara anya saba devatAoM kI pratiSThA mAgha mAsa meM karanI cAhie, mAtR, bhairava, vArAha, narasiMha tathA trivikrama kI pratiSThA dakSiNAyana meM karanI cAhie, ityaadi| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tInoM paramparAoM meM pratiSThA sambandhI vidhiyoM meM kahIM-kahIM samAnatA dikhAI detI hai, to kahIM viSamatA dRSTigata hotI hai| upasaMhAra isa tulanAtmaka vivecana ke pazcAt isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ke viSaya meM hama kucha vicAra prastuta karanA caaheNge| pASANa se nirmita pratimA kI pratiSThA karane se kyA matalaba hai, kyoMki jo svayaM pASANa hai, nirjIva hai, vaha dUsare kA kyA upakAra kara sakatI hai? aisI pASANa kI pratimA yA anya kisI vastuoM se nirmita pratimA kI pratiSThA yA adhivAsanA karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? pratiSThAsAroddhAra, paM. AzAdharajI, adhyAya-6, pR.-130-133, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI jaina grantha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1674. 66AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR.-218, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 666zrI prabhuvidyA pratiSThArNava, paM. daulatarAma gaur3a, pR.- 3, sAvitrI ThAkura prakAzana, 2004.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 329 isakA pratyuttara dete hue vardhamAnasUri ne svayaM AcAradinakara meM kahA hai ki pratiSThA-vidhi dvArA mUrti ko viziSTa nAma dekara pUjyatA pradAna kI jAtI hai| isa vidhi dvArA hI mUrti meM prabhAvaka zakti utpanna hotI hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra gRha, kue~, bAvar3I Adi kI pratiSThA-vidhi se unakI prabhAvakatA meM vRddhi hotI hai, usI prakAra siddha tathA arihaMta paramAtmA kI pratimA kI bhI pratiSThA-vidhi se usake prabhAva meM abhivRddhi hotI hai| usa pratiSThA-vidhi se samyagdRSTi deva tathA adhiSThAyaka deva mUrti ke prabhAva meM abhivRddhi karate haiM, jisase pUjaka vAMchita phala ko prApta karatA hai| pratiSThA-vidhi hetu graha, nakSatra Adi kI sthiti kA jJAna honA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki zubhalagna meM kI gaI pratiSThA maMgalakArI hotI hai| azubha lagna meM kI gaI pratiSThA na kevala pratiSThAkartA ke lie hI, varan zrIsaMgha ke lie bhI amaMgalakArI hotI hai, jaisA ki svayaM vardhamAnasUri ne kahA haiM ki pratiSThAlagna meM candramA yadi maMgala evaM sUrya se yukta ho, athavA candra para ukta grahoM kI dRSTi par3atI ho, to agni kA bhaya rahatA hai, candramA yadi zani se yukta yA dRSTa ho, to maraNabhayakAraka hotA hai| pratiSThAlagna meM sUrya balahIna ho, to pratiSThA karane vAle kA aura candra balahIna ho, to usakI patnI kA, zukra balahIna ho, to dhana kA evaM guru balahIna ho, to nizcita rUpa se sukha kA nAza karatA hai| sUrya aura zani vakrI ho, to prAsAda kA vinAza karatA hai| maMgala, zani, rAhu, ravi, ketu, zukra- ye graha kuMDalI ke sAtaveM sthAna meM hoM, to pratiSThA karavAne vAle kA tathA pratimA kA bhI zIghra vinAza hotA hai, ityAdi ullekha AcAradinakara ke atirikta kalyANakalikA meM bhI milate haiN| pratiSThA-vidhi ke daramyAna aneka dhArmika utsava kie jAte hai| ina dhArmika utsavoM meM dharmAtmA logoM ke ekatrita hone se janasamUha meM dharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA hotI haiN| dharma ke prati logoM meM utsAha prakaTa hotA hai, jisase dhArmikajanoM ke pApoM kA prakSAlana hotA hai, isalie vidhi-vidhAnapUrvaka pratiSThA saMpanna karanA karmoM kI nirjarA kA hetu bhI hai| 67degAcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR.-141, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. "AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-teMtIsavA~, pR.-141, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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330 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI zAntikakarma-vidhi zAntikakarma-vidhi kA svarUpa zAntikakarma kA tAtparya hai- saMkaTa ko dUra karane ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA anuSThAna,572 arthAta jisa kriyA se saMkaToM kA nivAraNa ho, unakA upazamana ho, use zAntikakarma kahate hai| isa prakAra zAntikakarma eka aisA anuSThAna hai, jo vyakti ko amana-caina pradAna karatA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke hindU zabdakoza meM bhI kahA gayA hai - "ve sabhI karma zAntikakarma kahalAte haiM, jinase Adhibhautika, Adhidaivika tathA AdhyAtmika upadrava zAnta hote haiN| yadyapi Age calakara jyotiSa kI vyApakatA bar3ha jAne para graha-zAnti karmakANDa kA pradhAna aMga bana gayA, kintu prAcInakAla meM zAntikakarma kA kSetra vyApaka thA aura zAntikakarma kA tAtparya una sabhI kriyAoM se liyA jAtA thA, jo vyakti ko sukha-zAnti pradAna kre| vardhamAnasUri ne isa prakaraNa meM una sabhI anuSThAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo sAmAnyatayA zAntikakarma ke rUpa meM lokapracalita rahe hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI zAntikakarma sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke ullekha milate hai| zAntika karma vighnoM ke upazamana hetu kiyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki svayaM vardhamAnasari ne bhI vyavahAra paramArtha meM kahA hai674 ki "zAntika karma vighnoM ke zamana hetu kiyA jAtA hai| isameM caturnikAya devoM kI pUjA karake unako prasanna kiyA jAtA hai, unake prasanna hone se sarvavighnoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai| zAntikakarma karane se aniSTakArI upadrava evaM dAvAnala bhI zAnta ho jAte hai| jinasnAtravidhi se prApta jala se sarvadoSoM kA nivAraNa hotA hai tathA zAntipATha ke udghoSa se duSTa, arthAt aniSTakArI zaktiyA~ zaktihIna ho jAtI haiN|" isa prakAra zAntikakarma kie jAne kA mukhya prayojana aniSTa zaktiyoM ko zaktihIna karake sukha-zAnti ko prApta karanA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI vighnoM kA upazamana karane ke uddezya se hI zAMtikakarma kiyA jAtA haiN| ____ vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra75- "sUtaka evaM mRtyu ko chor3akara gRhastha ke sabhI saMskAroM meM, sabhI pratiSThAoM meM, chaH mAsa yA eka varSa meM, kisI bhI mahAkArya ke prArambha meM, upadrava dikhAI dene para yA hone para, roga, doSa, mahAbhaya, yA saMkaTa kI sthiti meM gRhastha, vidhikArakoM ke dvArA yaha kriyA karavAI jAnI saMskRta-hindIkoza, vAmana zivarAma oNpTe, pR.- 1011, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana , vArANasI, 1966. 67 hindU zabdakoza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR.- 626, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1678. 6 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.-363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa, 1622. 67 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cautIsavA~, pR.-225, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 676 -677 caahie|" digambara- paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM yaha ullekha to nahIM milatA hai ki zAntika-vidhAna kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, kintu sAmAnyatayA vahA~ bhI mAMgalika kAryoM ke prArambha meM yaha vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| pratiSThA sAroddhAra meM agrima vighnoM kI anutpatti evaM pUrva vighnoM kI zAMti ke lie yaha vidhAna karane kA ullekha milatA hai|' vaidika-paramparA meM aneka prakAra kI zAntiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai- jo unase sambandhita kAryoM se pUrva kI jAtI thii| dharmazAstra ke itihAsa ke anusAra jaba rAjA vijayI honA cAhatA hai yA jaba usa para AkramaNa hotA hai, yA jaba use bhaya hotA hai ki usa para mAyA kI gaI hai, yA jaba vaha zatruoM kA nAza karanA cAhatA hai yA jaba usa para mahAbhaya A jAtA hai, taba use abhayazAnti karanI cAhie / " isI prakAra matsyapurANa meM varNita aThAraha prakAra kI zAntiyA~ kaba yA kisa samaya kI jAnI cAhie, usake bhI ullekha hameM vahA~ milate haiN| unakA avalokana karane se hameM jJAta hotA hai ki sAmAnyatayA vaidika-paramparA meM bhI upadravoM kI zAnti hetu evaM mAMgalika kAryoM ke prArambha meM yaha vidhAna kiyA jAtA thA / zAnti - sampAdana ke kAla ke viSaya meM sAmAnya niyama hai ki yaha kabhI bhI avasara par3ane para hotA hai| yathA svapna meM dekhe gae zakunoM se nirdezita duSTa phaloM ke nivAraNa, grahoM ke duSTa yA bure phaloM, utpAdoM Adi se surakSA pAne Adi ke lie| sUrya ke uttarAyaNa, zukla pakSa Adi ke lie pratIkSA nahIM kI jAtI hai 678 isa prakAra tInoM hI paramparA meM yaha vidhAna mAMgalika kAryoM ke pUrva tathA upadravoM ke upasthita hone para unake nivAraNArtha kiyA jAtA thA / saMskAra kA karttA : yaha vidhi-vidhAna gRhastha guru ( vidhikAraka ) dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM bhI yaha vidhi-vidhAna gRhastha guru dvArA hI karavAne kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara - paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kisake dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai, isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha to nahIM milatA hai, phira bhI sAmAnyatayA vahA~ ye vidhAna bhaTTArakoM yA jaina brAhmaNoM ke dvArA karavAe jAte hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha vidhAna sAmAnyatayA karmakANDa meM vizArada brAhmaNoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| 676 pratiSThAsAroddhAra, paM. AzAdhara jI, adhyAya- 2, pR. 32, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI jaina grantha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1674. 600 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 20, pR. 251, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673. 678 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 21, pR. 258, uttara pradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673. 331

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332 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pravedita kI haizAntika-karma vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra zAntikakarma hetu sarvaprathama bRhatsnAtravidhi kreN| isake lie sarvaprathama snAtrapITha para zAntinAtha bhagavAn kI pratimA sthApita kreN| tadanantara arhatkalpavidhi se paramAtmA kI pUjA kreN| tatpazcAt bRhatsnAtravidhi ke anusAra kusumAMjali arpaNa kreN| tadanantara paramAtmA ke samakSa uttama dhAtu ke sAta pIThoM ko sthApita karake una para kramazaH paMcaparameSThI, dasa dikpAla, bAraha rAziyoM, aTThAIsa nakSatroM, navagrahoM, solaha vidyAdeviyoM tathA gaNapati-kArtikeya-kSetrapAlapuradevatA evaM caturnikAya devoM kI sthApanA kareM tathA vidhipUrvaka unakI pUjA kreN| sAtoM hI pIThoM kI pUjA kina-kina maMtroM se kareM? inakA ullekha mUlagrantha meM kiyA gayA haiN| tatpazcAt ina saptapIThoM se sambandhita devI-devatAoM ko saMtuSTa karane hetu havana kreN| havana hetu Ahuti tathA samidhAe~ kisa prakAra kI honI cAhie, isakA bhI vahA~ ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt bRhatsnAtra vidhi ke anusAra snAtrapUjA kreN| tadanantara snAtrajala ko ekatrita kara usameM sarva tIrthoM ke jala ko milAkara vidhipUrvaka zAntikalaza bhreN| zAntikalaza bharane ke pazcAt gRhastha guru usa zAntikalaza ko zAntidaNDaka ke pATha se AbhimaMtrita kre| tatpazcAt zAnti kalaza ke usa jala se zAntikakarma karavAne vAle ko tathA usake parivAra ko abhisiMcita kre| tatpazcAt dikpAla Adi kA visarjana kre| yaha zAntikakarma kI vidhi hai| tadanantara zAntikakarma kaba-kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie tathA zAntikakarma karane se kyA phala milatA hai, isakA ullekha AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne kiyA hai| tatpazcAt graha evaM nakSatra zAnti kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| isameM sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki graha evaM nakSatra zAnti kaba karanI caahie| tadanantara nakSatra-zAnti kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| isa vidhi meM pratyeka nakSatra ke svAmI kI sthApanA kara unakI vidhi pUrvaka pUjA tathA havana kiyA jAtA hai| isa vidhi meM vizeSa rUpa se mUla evaM AzleSA nakSatra kI zAnti kA varNana huA hai| tadanantara lokAcAra ke anusAra snAnAdi dvArA kI jAne vAlI nakSatra-zAnti kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| isameM bhI kisa nakSatra kI zAnti hetu kina-kina vastuoM se vAsita jala se snAna kareM, isakA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jaise- azvinI nakSatra kI zAnti ke lie madayantI, gandha, madanaphala, vaca evaM madhu se vAsita jala se snAna karanA cAhie, bharaNI nakSatra kI zAnti ke lie sapheda sarasoM, cIr3a ke vRkSa evaM vaca se vAsita jala se snAna kareM ...............ityaadi|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 333 tadanantara grahazAnti kI vidhi batAI gaI hai-isameM sarvaprathama pUjA, pATha evaM havana dvArA kI jAne vAlI zAnti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara lokAcAra ke anusAra grahazAnti hetu snAnavidhi batAI gaI hai| vidhi ke anta meM kisa graha kI zAnti hetu kauna-kauna se ratna dhAraNa karane cAhie, isakA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vistArabhaya ke kAraNa hama ina saba bAtoM kA ullekha yahA~ nahIM kara rahe hai| etadartha vistRta jAnakArI mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke tRtIya bhAga ke cautIsaveM udaya se prApta kI jA sakatI hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana ____vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra zAntikakarma karane hetu sarvaprathama snAtrapITha para zAntinAtha bhagavAn kI pratimA ko sthApita karanA caahie| kadAc zAntinAtha bhagavAn kI pratimA upalabdha na ho, to anya tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI pratimA ko zAntinAtha bhagavAn kI pratimA mAnakara, arthAta maMtra evaM vAsakSepapUrvaka anya jinapratimA meM zAntinAtha bhagavAn kI dhAraNA karake usakI sthApanA kareM, tatpazcAt arhatkalpavidhi se paramAtmA kI pUjA karake bRhatsnAtra vidhi se kusumAMjali arpaNa kreN| phira bimba ke Age uttama dhAtuoM ke sAta pIThoM kI sthApanA karake una para kramazaH paMcaparameSThI, dikpAloM, rAziyoM, nakSatroM, navagrahoM, vidyA deviyoM evaM gaNapati-kArtikeya-kSetrapAla tathA caturnikAya devoM kI sthApanA kreN| ina sAtoM pIThoM kI vidhipUrvaka pUjA karake unako santuSTa karane hetu havana kreN| tatpazcAt bRhatsnAtra vidhi se prApta jala ko saMcita karake vidhipUrvaka sthApita zAntikalaza meM zAntidaNDaka pUrvaka kuza se DAlate hai| tIna bAra zAntikadaNDaka se abhimaMtrita usa zAntikalaza ke jala se zAntikakarma karavAne vAle ko tathA usake parivArajanoM ko abhisiMcita karate haiM tathA anta meM sarvadevoM kA visarjana karate hai| digambara-paramparA ke prAcInatama granthoM meM hameM zAntikakarma-vidhAna dekhane ko nahIM milaa| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM pratiSThA-vidhi kI jalayAtrA-vidhi ke prasaMga meM hame zAntividhAna ke kucha ullekha milate hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra ke anusAra 8deg zAntikarma AMrabha karane ke lie sarovara ke kinAre puSpAMjali nikSepita karake maMtrapUrvaka sarovara ko jala se arghya dete haiN| tatpazcAt maMDala kI pUrvAdi cAroM dizAoM meM siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sarva sAdhuoM kA sthApana karate haiM tathA vidizAoM meM maMgala, lokottama, evaM zaraNa- ina tInoM ko likhate hai| siddhoM ke Upara atyanta 676 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cautIsavA~, pR.-220, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1922. 68 pratiSThAsAroddhAra, paM. AzAdhara jI, adhyAya-2, pR.-22-23, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI jI, jaina grantha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1674.

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334 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI mahimAvAn dharma ko sthApita karate haiM tathA ATha patroM para jayAdi ATha deviyoM, dasa dizAoM meM dikpAloM ko tathA somadvArapAla ke Upara ke bhAga meM sUryAdi nau graha ko sthApita karate haiM, ityaadi| isa prakAra zAMtimaMDala kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| tatpazcAt unakI pUjA kI jAtI hai, kintu AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti hameM vahA~ jinapratimA ke sthApana, bRhatsnAtravidhipUrvaka paramAtmA kI snAtrapUjA Adi karane kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI hameM isa prakAra ke ullekha dekhane ko nahIM mileN| zAntikakarma-vidhi batAne ke pazcAta granthakAra ne nakSatra zAnti kI vidhi batAI hai| isameM 27 nakSatroM kI vidhipUrvaka zAnti karane kA nirdeza dete hue pratyeka nakSatra kI zAnti kI vidhi prajJapta kI hai, jaise- azvinI nakSatra kI zAnti ke lie azvinIkumAra kI do mUrti sthApita karake unakI vidhivata pUjA kareM tathA ghI, madhu evaM guggula sahita sarvauSadhi se Ahuti deN| nakSatra-zAnti kI vidhi batAte hue vardhamAnasUri ne mUla evaM AzleSA nakSatra kI zAntika kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI mUla nakSatra meM yadi bAlaka kA janma ho, to usakA parijana dhana Adi para kyA duSprabhAva par3atA hai, isakA bhI usameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tIna putroM ke pazcAt kanyA ho, tIna kanyAoM ke pazcAt putra ho, juDavA~ kanyA ho yA hInAdhika aMgopAMga vAle zizu kA janma hone para bhI vardhamAnasUri ne mUlasnAna karane ke lie kahA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM prAyaH isa prakAra kA ullekha dekhane ko nahI milA, kinta usameM zAntikarma kI vidhi pracalita hai| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI hameM nakSatra-zAnti ke vidhAna milate hai| vahA~ bhI mUla aura AzleSA nakSatra meM bAlaka kA janma hone para nakSatra-zAnti kA vidhAna batAyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke madanaratna82 grantha meM nakSatra-zAnti kA vistRta varNana milatA hai, kintu yaha prati aprApta hone ke kAraNa isa viSaya meM jyAdA kucha kaha pAnA saMbhava nahIM haiM, phira bhI dharmazAstra ke itihAsa meM varNita isa grantha kI viSayavastu se itanA to spaSTa hai ki isameM nakSatroM kI zAnti, kI vidhi dI gaI hai| vartamAna meM bhI bAlaka yadi mUla yA AzleSA nakSatra meM janmatA hai, to usase sambandhita vidhi-vidhAna kie jAne kA rivAja hai| 6.' AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- cauMtIsavA~, pR.- 225-226, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 682 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- cauMtIsavA~, pR.- 220, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 682 dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-20, pR.- 347-48, uttara pradeza,hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 335 __AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne lokapracalita snAnAdi dvArA kI jAne vAlI nakSatra zAnti kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisake antargata unhoMne amuka dravyoM se vAsita jala se snAna karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, jaise-:580 azvinI nakSatra kI zAnti ke lie madayanti, gandha, madanaphala, vaca evaM madhu se vAsita jala se snAna karanA caahie| bharaNI nakSatra kI zAnti ke lie sapheda sarasoM, cIr3a kA vRkSa eva vaca se vAsita jala se snAna karanA cAhie, kRtikA nakSatra kI zAnti ke lie baragada, sirasa evaM pIpala ke patroM tathA gandha se vAsita jala se snAna karanA caahie.........ityaadi| isa prakAra unhoMne 27 nakSatroM kI zAnti ke lie amuka vastuoM se vAsita jala se snAna karane kI vidhi batAI hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM nakSatra kI zAnti karane hetu isa prakAra kI snAnavidhi kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM nakSatroM kI zAnti hetu uparyukta snAnavidhi kA ullekha milatA hai| yogayAtrA evaM hemAdri ne azvinI se revatI taka ke nakSatroM evaM unake devatAoM kI pUjA tathA dhArmika snAnoM kA tathA tajjanita katipaya lAbhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AtharvaNa pariziSTa meM86 bhI kRtikA se bharaNI taka ke nakSatroM meM snAna kA vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM nakSatroM kI zAnti hetu dhArmika snAnoM kA vidhAna milatA hai| nakSatroM kI zAnti ke pazcAt vardhamAnasUri ne grahazAnti kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| 687 isake lie sarvaprathama vidhivat pUjita tIrthaMkara kI pratimA ke Age gobara se lipta zuddha bhUmi para candana se lipta zrIkhaNDa (candana) yA zrIparNI ke pITha para sva-sva varNAnusAra grahoM ko sthApita karanA caahie| ina navagrahoM kI sthApanA kisa vidhi se kareM? isakA bhI vahA~ vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai, yathAcAvala se madhya meM gola AkRti banAkara sUrya kI, Agneya koNa meM catuSkAkAra banAkara candra kI, dakSiNa dizA meM trikoNAkAra banAkara maMgala kI, IzAna koNa meM bANa ke sadRza AkRti banAkara budha kI, uttara dizA meM AyatAkAra banAkara guru kI, pUrva dizA meM paMcakoNa AkRti banAkara zukra kI, pazcima dizA meM dhanuSAkAra 6" AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- cauMtIsavA~, pR.- 228-226, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. 685 dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-21, pR.- 364, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673. 686 dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-21, pR.- 364, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673. 687 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- cauMtIsavA~, pR.- 230, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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336 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI banAkara zani kI, naiRtya meM zUrpAkAra banAkara rAhu kI evaM vAyavya koNa meM dhvajAkAra banAkara ketu kI sthApanA karanI caahie| tatpazcAt unakI vidhivat pUjA karanI caahie| sUrya Adi navagrahoM kI zAnti ke lie kisa cIja se havana kareM, havana meM kina vRkSoM kI samidhAoM kA upayoga kareM tathA kisa vastu kA dAna deMisakA bhI isameM varNana kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA ke graMthoM meM bhI hameM navagraha-zAMtividhAna dekhane ko milatA hai, kintu isakI vidhi AcAradinakara meM varNita vidhi se kucha bhinna hai| jaina-saMskAra vidhi ke anusAra sarvaprathama sarvagrahoM kI zAnti karane hetu caturviMzati tIrthaMkaroM kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai, tatpazcAt maMtrapUrvaka unakI aSTaprakArI, jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa, phala evaM arghyapUjA kI jAtI hai| isake bAda usameM navagrahoM kI zAnti ke lie navagrahoM se sambandhita tIrthaMkaroM kI sthApanA kara aSTaprakArI pUjA karane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai, usameM sUryagraha kI zAnti ke lie padmaprabhu kI, caMdragraha kI zAnti ke lie caMdraprabhu kI, maMgalagraha kI zAnti ke lie vAsupUjya kI, budhagraha kI zAnti ke lie vimalanAtha Adi ATha jina kI, gurugraha kI zAnti ke lie RSabhadeva Adi ATha jina kI, zukragraha kI zAnti ke lie neminAtha evaM ketu kI zAnti ke lie mallinAtha evaM pArzvanAtha kI sthApanA karake unakI aSTaprakArI pUjA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI vahA~ navagraha kI zAnti hetu maMtrajApa kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI navagrahoM kI zAnti ke vidhAna kA ullekha milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti hI navagrahoM kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai tathA unase sambandhita AkRti banAI jAtI hai| navagrahoM kI zAnti hetu sarvagrahoM havana ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se pIpala, baragada evaM plakSa kI samidhAoM kA ullekha na karate hue vahA~ mAtra pratyeka graha hetu alaga-alaga samidhAoM kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yAjJavalkya ke anusAra sarya se lekara ketu taka ke lie havana kI samidhA kramazaH arka, palAza, khadira, apAmArga, pIpala, udumbara, zamI, durvA, evaM kuza kI honI caahie| yAjJavalkya dvArA ullekhita yaha sUcI AcAradinakara meM varNita sUcI ke sadRza hI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti pratyeka graha ke havana hetu pRthak-pRthak sAmagriyoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| hA~, navagraha kI zAnti hetu kina-kina vastuoM kA dAna 688 jainasaMskAra vidhi, paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI adhyAya-8, pR.- 63-65 zrI vIranirvANa grantha prakAzana, samiti, gommaTagirI, indaura, paMcama AvRtti 1698. 6 dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 21, pR.- 354, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673. 160 dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 21, pR.- 355, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 337 denA cAhie, isakA ullekha avazya milatA hai, jaise661- sarya ke lie bA~sa se bane pAtra meM cAvala, kapUra, motI, zvetavasana, ghRtapUrNaghar3A bail..........ityaadi| AcAradinakara kI apekSA vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM isa viSaya kI carcA vistAra se kI gaI hai| . vardhamAnasUri ne prakArAntara se kI jAne vAlI anya navagraha zAMti kI pUjAvidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isake atirikta grahazAnti hetu lokapracalita snAnavidhi kA bhI unhoMne AcAradinakara meM ullekha kiyA haiM tathA anta meM kaunase graha kI zAnti ke lie kisa ratna yA dhAtu ko dhAraNa kareM- isakA isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai|662 digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA ke prAcInatama granthoM meM hameM yaha ullekha nahIM milatA hai ki kisa graha kI zAnti ke lie kaunase ratna yA dhAtu ko dhAraNa karanA caahie| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tInoM hI paramparAoM meM zAntikakarma sambandhI vidhAnoM meM AMzika samAnatA evaM AMzika bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai| jahA~ taka merA vicAra hai, AcAradinakara meM varNita zAntikakarma-vidhAna vaidika-paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAnoM se prabhAvita rahA hai, kyoMki isa prakaraNa meM kucha aisI vastuoM kA bhI ullekha hai, jo Agamasammata nahIM haiM aura jise jaina-paramparA svIkAra nahIM karatI upasaMhAra zAntika karma karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? jaba hama isa prazna para vicAra karate haiM, to hamAre sAmane aneka tathya ubharakara Ate hai| sAmAnyatayA nirvighna phala kI prApti evaM utpAtoM ke azubha prabhAvoM ko dUra karane ke lie zAMtikarma Avazyaka hai, kyoMki vyakti ke jIvana para grahoM, nakSatroM evaM rAziyoM kA bahuta prabhAva par3atA hai| kaba, kaunasA graha kisa para kaisA prabhAva DAlatA hai, yaha vyakti kI janma ke samaya ke grahoM kI sthiti evaM gocara ke grahoM kI sthiti para nirbhara karatA hai| ina donoM sthitiyoM meM kabhI koI graha vyakti para azubha prabhAva DAlatA hai, to koI graha vyakti para zubha prabhAva DAlatA hai| vyakti ke jIvana para jo graha azubha prabhAva DAlate hai, sAmAnyatayA unhIM kI zAMti ke lie zAMtikavidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, kintu pratyeka vyakti to yaha jAna nahIM sakatA hai ki kaunase graha 66" dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 21, pR.- 356, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673. 662 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cauMtIsavA~, pR.-334-335, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. .

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338 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI usake lie azubha phala dene vAle hai- ataH isa samasyA ke nirAkaraNa hetu samasta grahoM evaM nakSatroM kI zAMti kI jAtI hai| zAMtikavidhAna karane se vyakti ke saMkaToM kA nivAraNa hI nahI hotA hai, varan usase sukha-zAnti kI prApti bhI hotI hai| zAMtika vidhAna karane se vyakti apane cAroM tarapha kavaca kA nirmANa kara letA hai, jo daivika upasargoM se usakI rakSA karatA hai| matsya purANa meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki 63 jisa prakAra bANoM se rakSA ke lie kavaca hotA hai, usI prakAra zAntikarma daivopaghAtoM se rakSA karatA hai| isake abhAva meM manuSya ko bhayaMkara kaSTa uThAne par3ate hai, kyoMki pratyeka graha apanA-apanA prabhAva batAte hI hai| jaisA ki skandhapurANa meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki zani kI pratikUla dRSTi ke kAraNa saudAsa ko mAMsa khAnA par3A, rAhU ke kAraNa nala ko pRthvI para ghUmanA par3A, maMgala ke kAraNa rAma ko vanagamana karanA par3A, candra ke kAraNa hiraNyakazyapa kI mRtyu huI, sUrya ke kAraNa rAvaNa kA patana huA, bRhaspati ke kAraNa duryodhana kI mRtyu huI, budha ke kAraNa pANDavoM ko unake ayogya karma karanA par3A tathA zukra ke kAraNa hiraNyAkSa ko yuddha meM maranA pdd'aa| isa prakAra grahoM evaM nakSatroM ke azubha prabhAva ko kama karane ke lie zAntikakarma Avazyaka hai| * anta meM vardhamAnasUri ne grahoM kI zAMti hetu jo dhAtu yA ratna dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA hai, vaha bhI yuktisaMgata hI hai, kyoMki varNa kA bhI vyakti gaharA asara par3atA hai, jaise- vyakti yadi zvetavarNa ko dekhatA hai, to use zAnti kI anubhUti hotI hai| yahI nahIM, cikitsA praNAlI meM bhI karNa ke mahatva ko svIkArA gayA hai, ataH grahoM kI zAMti hetu una-una grahoM se sambandhita ratnoM ko dhAraNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti ke amana-caina hetu zAntikakarma bhI eka Avazyaka vidhAna hai| pauSTikakarma-vidhi pauSTika-karma kA svarUpa pauSTikakarma zabda kA tAtparya hai, vRddhi kAraka kalyANa kAraka, poSaNa karane vAlA, puSTikAraka, balavarddhaka, ityaadi|664 isa prakAra bhASA jagata meM pauSTika zabda ke aneka artha hai, kintu yahA~ pauSTika zabda kA tAtparya puSTikAraka zabda se liyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI pauSTika zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA 662 dekheH dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (caturtha bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 21, pR.- 356, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1673. 56 saMskRta hindIkoza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pra.- 638, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1666.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / 339 gayA hai, ki jIvana kI puSTi ke lie jo dhArmika kRtya kiyA jAtA hai, use pauSTikakarma kahate haiN| 65 vardhamAnasari ne isa prakaraNa meM pauSTikakarma kI vidhi batAI hai| vyakti ko apane jIvana meM Ananda evaM pratApa kI vRddhi kaise karanI cAhie, arthAt isake lie use kyA anuSThAna karanA cAhie? isakA isa vidhi meM vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM pauSTikakarma-vidhAna kA ullekha hamAre dekhane meM nahI aayaa| vaidika-paramparA meM pauSTikakarma kA vidhAna zAntikarma ke sAtha-sAtha hI dekhane ko milatA hai, kyoMki vaidika-paramparA meM ye donoM hI karma yajJa-yAga se sambandhita mAne jAte haiM, kintu ina donoM kRtyoM meM antara hai| vaidika-paramparA ke anusAra 66 pauSTika kAryoM meM homa, yajJa, yAgAdi kR tya Ate haiM, jo dIrghAyu kI prApti hetu kiyA jAtA hai| zAntika kRtyoM homAdi kA Ayojana duSTa grahoM ke prabhAva ko dUra karane tathA asAdhAraNa ghaTanAoM jaise pucchalatAre ke udaya, bhUkampa athavA ulkAoM ke patana se hone vAle aniSTa ke nivAraNArtha kiyA jAtA hai, kintu AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti vahA~ pauSTikakarma se sambandhita kisI vizeSa vidhi kA ullekha hameM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| pratiSThAmayUkha meM itanA ullekha avazya milatA hai, ki pauSTikakarma hetu pauSTika maMtroM se palAza, udumbara, azvattha, apAmArga aura zamI meM se pratyeka kI bAraha hajAra yA chaH hajAra yA tIna hajAra athavA eka hajAra ATha athavA eka sau ATha samidhAe~ "hiraNyagarbhaH samavartatAgre." ityAdi maMtra kA pATha karate hue kuNDa ke samIpa rakhavAkara apane sahayogI RtvijoM ke sAtha yathA saMkhya AhutiyoM se havana kreN| isake atirikta hameM pauSTika vidhAna sambandhI aura koI jAnakArI nahIM milI, jisake sAtha hama AcAradinakara meM varNita pauSTika vidhAna kI tulanA kara sakevidvajjanoM se nivedana hai ki yadi unheM isa sambandha meM koI jAnakArI ho, to hameM avazya jJAta kraaeN| pauSTikakarma karane kA kyA uddezya hai, isake kie jAne ke pIche kyA rahasya hai? aise aneka prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se mana-mastiSka meM ubharakara Ate hai, kintu jaba hama isa zabda ke artha ke bAre meM vicAra karate haiM, to svataH hI hamAre prazna kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| pratyeka vyakti kArya kA Arambha karane se pUrva apane mana meM yahI kAmanA karatA hai ki merA yaha kArya siddhi ko prApta kare aura 65 hindU dharmakoza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR.- 416, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1678 666 hindU dharmakoza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR.- 416, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1678. pratiSThAmayUkha,anu.- DaoN. mahezacandra jozI, pR.- 168, kRSNAdAsa akAdamI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa :1666.

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340 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI isI kAmanA se abhibhUta hokara vaha isa prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna karatA hai, jo usake kArya ko puSTatA pradAna kareM, arthAt usake kArya meM abhivRddhi kreN| isa prakAra pauSTikakarma kArya kI siddhi karane hetu kiyA jAtA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra 68 sUtaka evaM mRtyu ko chor3akara gRhastha ke sabhI saMskAroM meM dIkSAgrahaNa ke pUrva, kisI vrata ko grahaNa karane ke pUrva, sabhI prakAra kI pratiSThAoM meM, rAjya evaM saMgha meM kisI padAropaNa ke samaya, sabhI zubha kAryoM meM, sabhI paryoM meM, mahotsava ke sampUrNa hone para, mahAkArya ke saMpUrNa hone para pauSTikakarma kiyA jAnA caahie| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha anuSThAna kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie? isakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| sambhavataH vahA~ yaha kRtya kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vahA~ pauSTika karma ko jIvana kI puSTi hetu kiyA jAne vAlA dhArmika kRtya mAnA gayA hai,666 isa apekSA se vyakti apane jIvana kI puSTi ke lie kabhI bhI yaha vidhAna kara sakatA hai| usake lie kinhIM vizeSa paristhitiyoM kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| saMskAra kA kartA AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha vidhAna gRhastha guru arthAta vidhikAraka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi yaha kRtya muni evaM gRhastha ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se batAyA gayA hai, kintu isakA vidhi-vidhAna gRhastha guru dvArA hI karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA yaha vidhAna yajJa-yAgAdi ke vizArada paNDitoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi prajJapta kI haipauSTikakarma-vidhi vardhamAnasari ke anusAra pauSTikakarma hetu caMdana se lipta pITha ke Upara AdinAtha bhagavAna kI pratimA ko sthApita kara vidhipUrvaka usakI pUjA kreN| tatpazcAt jinapratimA ke samakSa uttama dhAtu ke pA~ca pITha sthApita kara una para kramazaH causaTha indra, dasa dikpAla, kSetrapAla sahita navagrahoM, solaha vidyAdeviyoM evaM Sadraha deviyoM kI sthApanA kreN| tatpazcAt unake maMtroM se vidhipUrvaka pUjA kareM tathA unheM saMtuSTa karane hetu aSTakoNa ke agnikuMDa meM AmravRkSa kI samidhAoM sahita 668 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- paiMtIsavA~, pR.- 238, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. hindU dharmakoza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR.- 416, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1678.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ikSudaNDa, kharjUra, drAkSa, ghRta, evaM dUdha se havana kreN| tatpazcAt bRhatsnAtravidhipUrvaka jinabimba kI snAtrapUjA kreN| tatpazcAt snAtra jala evaM sarva tIrthoM ke jala se pauSTikakalaza bhreN| tadanantara AcAradinakara meM pauSTika - kalaza kI vidhi tathA pauSTikadaNDaka ( mUlapATha) kA ullekha huA hai| pauSTikakalaza bharakara karma karavAne vAlA kuza dvArA usa jala se apane gRha ko abhisiMcita kare tathA kalaza ko acchI taraha se apane ghara meM le jAkara hamezA usa jala se chir3akAva kre| tatpazcAt causaTha indra, dasa dikpAloM Adi kA visarjana kare / tadanantara sAdhuoM ko pracuramAtrA meM vastra evaM caturvidha AhAra kA dAna kare tathA sabhI prakAra kI pUjA - sAmagrI se guru kI pUjA kre| vidhi ke anta meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki yaha karma kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie tathA isa karma ko karane se kyA lAbha hotA hai / yahA~ hama isa saba kI vistRta carcA nahIM kareMge / etadartha mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke tRtIya bhAga meM paiMtIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| upasaMhAra uparyukta carcA karane ke pazcAt pauSTikakarma kI upayogitA evaM AvazyakatA ke sambandha meM hameM apane vicAra prastuta karanA caaheNge| sarvakAryoM ke Arambha meM pauSTikakarma karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki kArya ke Arambha meM kiyA gayA pauSTikakarma puSTi ko pradAna karatA hai tathA devoM kI samyak prakAra se pUjA karane se niyata kArya kI siddhi hotI hai, isalie kArya ke Arambha meM pauSTikakarma avazya kiyA jAnA caahie| pauSTikakarma ke prabhAva se Adhi, vyAdhi, durAzayI, duSToM, zatruoM evaM pApoM kA nAza hotA hai, devatA prasanna hote haiM, yaza buddhi evaM saMpatti kI prApti hotI hai, AnaMda evaM pratApa meM vRddhi hotI hai tathA prayatnapUrvaka Arambha kie gae mahAkAryoM meM vizeSa saphalatA milatI hai| " 701 isa prakAra pauSTikakarma ke mahatva ko dekhakara pauSTikakarma kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa hotI hai| mahAmaMgalakArI kAryoM, yathA-pratiSThA Adi vidhAnoM meM to yaha karma avazya hI kiyA jAnA caahie| kyoMki zubha kAryoM meM aneka vighna Ane kI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki "zreyAMse bahuvighnAni", arthAt kalyANakArI kAryoM meM aneka vighna Ate hai| ataH una vighnoM ke nivAraNArtha evaM kArya kI siddhi ke lie pauSTikakarma kiyA jAnA mahat Avazyaka hai| 700 1909 341 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-paiMtIsavA~, pR. 238, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa 1622.

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342 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI bali-vidhAna-vidhi bali-vidhAna kA svarUpa bali vidhAna kA svarUpa jAnane se pahale yahA~ yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki bali zabda yahA~ kisa artha meM prayukta huA hai| vaise to bali zabda ke aneka artha haiM, yathA- Ahuti, bheMTa, car3hAvA, dainika AhAra meM se kucha aMza kA saba jIvoM ko upahAra denA, pUjA, ArAdhanA, devatA ko naivedya arpaNa karanA, ityaadi| prastuta prasaMga meM bali zabda kA Azaya devatAoM ko saMtuSTa karane hetu unheM naivedya arpita karanA hai| AcAradinakara meM bali zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki devatAoM ke saMtarpaNa ke lie unheM jo naivedya (bhojya padArtha) arpita kiyA jAtA hai, use bali kahate hai|02 digambara-paramparA meM bali zabda kA tAtparya pUjA se liyA gayA hai|04 yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM bhI arihaMta paramAtmA evaM pratiSThA Adi kAryoM meM devI-devatAoM ke samakSa naivedya car3hAyA jAtA hai, kintu vahA~ isa kriyA ke lie bali zabda vyavahRta nahIM huA hai| vahA~ isake lie naivedya zabda hI prayujya huA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bali zabda kA artha naivedya kI vastu hai| prAcInakAla meM rAjA dvArA niyamita rUpa se utpAdana kA eka bhAga liyA jAtA thA aura jisake badale meM prajAvarga surakSA prApta karatA thA, use bhI bali kahA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra devoM dvArA kie gae mahAn anugraha kA deya 'kara' samajhakara unheM bali pradAna kI jAtI thii| devatAoM ko saMtuSTa karane hetu vaha bali kisa prakAra se dI jAe- isa viSaya kA isa prakaraNa meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM devatAoM ko naivedya arpita karane ke sandarbha meM 'vaizvadeva' zabda kA bhI prayoga huA, jo prAyaH bali kA hI eka rUpa hai| bali-vidhAna karane kA mukhya prayojana devatAoM ko naivedya arpita karake unheM saMtuSTa karanA hai| isa vidhAna ko kie jAne ke pIche kyA prayojana hai? isakA spaSTIkaraNa svayaM vardhamAnasari ne bhI AcAradinakara meM kiyA hai| unake anusAra 05 mukti ko aprApta devoM ko saMtuSTa karane ke lie tathA maMgala ke hetu balikarma-vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa kathana se mana meM yaha saMzaya ho sakatA hai ki arihaMta paramAtmA to mukta deva haiM, phira unako kyoM bali (naivedya) pradAna kI jAtI 02 . saMskRta hindIkoza, vAmanazivarAma ApTe, pR.- 706, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1666. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- chattIsavA~, pR.- 238, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 700 paramAtmaprakAza, yogindudevaviracita, sUtra-2/136, pR.-176, manubhAI bha. modI, zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama, boriyA (gujarAta), tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1662. 705 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR.- 363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 343 hai? isa samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI svayaM granthakAra ne isI prakaraNa meM karate hue kahA hai ki arihaMta paramAtmA na to kisI para tuSTa hI hote haiM aura na hI kisI para ruSTa, kintu phira bhI bhaktajana apane mAnasika saMtoSa aura citta kI zAnti ke lie arihaMta paramAtmA ko bali pradAna karate hai| bali-vidhAna kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie? isa sambandha meM hameM AcAradinakara meM koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| sAmAnyatayA pratiSThA, zAntikakarma, pauSTikakarma Adi meM yaha vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara jaina-paramparA meM vartamAna meM bhI yaha kRtya pratiSThA-vidhi, zAntika-karma, mahApUjana Adi meM kiyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI sAmAnyatayA yaha kRtya pratiSThAvidhi, zAMtika karma Adi meM kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi vaidika-paramparA meM bhI yaha kRtya uparyukta pa~sagoM para to kiyA hI jAtA hai, kintu isake sAtha hI usa paramparA meM pratidina bhI yaha bali-vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| dakSa06 ke anusAra dina ke pA~caveM bhAga meM gRhastha ko apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra devatAoM, pitaroM, manuSyoM, yahA~ taka ki kIr3oM-makor3oM ko bhojana denA caahie| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-paramparA meM to kinhIM avasara vizeSa para hI bali-vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki vaidika-paramparA meM pratidina bhI ise kie jAne ke ullekha milate haiN| saMskAra kA kartA zvetAmbara jaina-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra gRhastha guru (vidhikAraka) dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra pratiSThAcArya yA paNDita dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha vidhAna brAhmaNa paNDitoM dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimna vidhi nirUpita kI balikarma vidhAna devatAoM ke saMtarpaNa ke lie unheM kisa prakAra se naivedya arpita kareMisakI vidhi kA pratipAdana karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama jinapratimA ke samakSa car3hAe jAnI vAlI naivedya vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake lie bhavikajana, gRha-AcAra ke anusAra jo bhI bhojya padArtha banAe gae haiM, unameM se tela se 706 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-20, pR.- 404, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1980.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI nirmita AhAra tathA kAMjI ko chor3akara zeSa tatkAla nirmita bhojya-sAmagrI ke agrapiNDa ko pavitra pAtra meM rakhakara usI dina jina pratimA ke samakSa car3hAe tathA hAtha jor3akara parameSThImaMtra evaM bali (naivedya ) maMtra boleM- yaha jinabimba ko dI jAne vAlI bali kI vidhi hai| 344 tadanantara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki anya devI-devatAoM ko kisa prakAra se bali deM, jaise viSNu aura ziva ko gRhastha ke dvArA apane yA unake nimitta banAe gae AhAra meM se bali denA kalpatA hai| pitaroM ko bagIce ke kandoM evaM phaloM se saMtarpita kareM tathA unake manovAMchita bhojana kA svaguru yA viproM ko dAna kreN| tatpazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki apanI-apanI AmnAya vizeSa ke anusAra devI kI pUjA kI jAtI hai, usameM parikara pratiSThA vidhi kI bhA~ti hI bali deN| devI ke pUjana meM nAnA prakAra ke pakavAnoM, karambha evaM sapta dhAnya ke bakuloM kI bali deN| gaNapati ko tAje modakoM se bali deM, ityAdi / isake sAtha hI naMdyAvarttapUjana meM dI jAne vAlI bali kA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| tadanantara zAkinI, bhUta, vetAla Adi ko tathA nidhi devatA ko kisa prakAra se bali pradAna kareM, isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / tadanantara yaha batAyA gayA haiM ki vidvajjanoM ko jinezvara ziva evaM viSNu ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI devatAoM kI pUjA unake varNAnusAra gandha evaM puSpoM se karanI caahie| isa sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke tRtIya bhAga ke chattIsaveM udaya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAnasUri ne isa prakaraNa meM sarvaprathama yaha carcA kI hai ki devatAoM ko kina vastuoM kI bali dI jAnI caahie| AcAradinakara ke anusAra devatAoM ko nAnA prakAra ke khAdya, peya, cUSya evaM lehUya padArtha- jo azana, pAna, khAdima tathA svAdima- ina cAra prakAra ke AhAroM meM samAviSTa haiM, kI bali dI jAnI cAhie, arthAt ye vastue~ devatA ko arpita karanI caahie| devatA vizeSa kI vRtti yA rUci ke anusAra bali ke padArthoM meM bhI bheda hotA hai| gRha - AcAra ke anusAra jo bhI bhojya padArtha banAe gae haiM, unameM se tela se nirmita AhAra tathA kAMjI ko chor3akara zeSa tatkAla nirmita padArtha agrapiNDa ke rUpa meM pAtra meM rakhakara usI dina jinapratimA ke samakSa car3hAnA caahie| digambara- paramparA meM bhI pratiSThA vidhi Adi 707 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-chattIsavA~, pR. 238, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 345 ke samaya paramAtmA ke samakSa pakvAnna rakhane kI vidhi pracalita hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra ke anusAra uttama vastra, sugaMdhita padArtha, AbhUSaNa, sAtiyA, khIra Adi aneka pakavAna dUdha, ghI, dahI, mizrI, uttama phUla, phala, patte, dIpa, dhUpa Adi bhogoM kI sAmagrI sone ke pAtra meM rakhakara prabhu kI pratimA ke samakSa zilA para naivedya ke rUpa meM rakhane kA vidhAna hai| vaidika-paramparA meM viSNu Adi devoM ke samakSa naivedya rakhane ke ullekha milate haiM, jinakI carcA hama Age kreNge| jJAtavya hai ki jaina-paramparA me bAsI AhAra paramAtmA ke samakSa nahIM car3hAyA jAtA hai aura na hI paramAtmA ke nimitta vizeSa rUpa se AhAra hI banAyA jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa spaSTa karate hue svayaM vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM kahA hai 06 ki bhagavAna ne apane AyuSyakAla meM mahAvrata grahaNa karane ke bAda apane lie banAe gae AhAra se zarIra kA poSaNa nahIM kiyA thA, ataH unake lie alaga se koI naivedya nahI banAyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM aisI koI avadhAraNA hameM dekhane ko nahIM milii| vaidika-paramparA meM devoM ke nimitta banAe gae AhAra meM se bali denA kalpya hai| vardhamAnasUri ne bhI isa kathana kI puSTi karate hue kahA hai- "viSNu aura ziva ko gRhastha ke dvArA apane yA unake nimitta banAe gae AhAra meM se bali dene kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu usake sAtha hI devoM ke nimitta banAe gae AhAra meM se bhI bali dene kA ullekha milatA hai| "dharmazAstra ke itihAsa ke anusAra bhavikajana bhale hI usa dina svayaM bhojana kisI kAraNa se na kareM, kintu unheM bali to venI hI caahie| isa prakAra jaina-paramparA evaM vaidika-paramparA kI mAnyatAoM meM AMzika bheda dikhAI detA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM to bali ke sambandha meM yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai"yadi kisI dina vaizvadeva (bali) kA bhojana kisI kAraNa vazAta na bana sake, to gRhastha ko eka rAta aura dina taka upavAsa karanA caahie| jo vyakti binA vaizvadeva ke svayaM khA letA hai, vaha naraka meM jAtA hai|" jaina-paramparA meM hameM bali ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 706 pratiSThAsAroddhAra, paM. AzAdharajI viracita, adhyAya-4, pR.- 100, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI jaina grantha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1673. o AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-chattIsavA~, pR.- 238, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. "AcAradinakara, varSamAnasUrikRta, udaya-chattIsavA~, pR.- 236, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. " dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-20, pR.- 405, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680.

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346 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI vardhamAnasUri ne isa prakaraNa meM isa viSaya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki devI ko, gaNapati ko, kSetrapAla Adi ko kina-kina vastuoM se bali denI cAhie tathA naMdyAvartta- mahApUjana meM devI-devatA Adi ko kisa prakAra se bali dI jAtI hai| digambara-paramparA meM inameM se kucha bAtoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jaisezAMtividhAna meM navagraha Adi ko naivedya ke rUpa meM bali pradAna kI jAtI hai| isI prakAra battIsa indroM, solaha vidyAdeviyoM Adi ko bhI naivedya pradAna karane ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu gaNapati Adi ko kina-kina vastuoM se bali pradAna kareM- isakA ullekha hameM vahA~ nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM naMdyAvartta-pUjana meM se kucha devI-devatAoM, jinamAtA evaM pitA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI ko kina vastuoM se evaM kaise bali pradAna kareM? inakA hameM ullekha milatA hai, jaisebaudhAyanagRhyasUtra 12 meM gaNeza ko apUpa evaM modaka kI AhUti (bali) pradAna karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| zAkinI, bhUta, vetAla, graha, yoginiyoM, preta, pizAca, rAkSasa Adi ko kahA~ evaM kina vastuoM kI bali deM? isakA bhI AcAradinakara meM ullekha milatA hai| isake sAtha hI vahA~ nidhi (khajAnA) prApta hone kI dazA meM nidhidevatA ko bhI ucita bali dene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| nidhi devatA dvArA apane mAdhyama se vizeSa bali vastu na mAMgane para kisa prakAra se nidhi grahaNa kareM- isakA bhI isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vigambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM isa prakAra kA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milaa| vaidika- paramparA meM bhUtAdi ko bali dene ke ullekha milate hai| pratiSThAmamUkha meM hameM isa sambandha maiM jo ullekha milatA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai- "isa loka meM bali kI AkAMkSA karane vAle jo bhI bhUtAdi yahA~ Ae hue haiM, unheM bAra-bAra namaskAra karake bali detA hU~," kintu vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM yaha ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milA ki nidhi prApta hone kI dazA meM nidhi devatA ko kisa prakAra bali deN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki balividhAna ke sambandha meM tInoM paramparAoM kI apanI-apanI avadhAraNA hai, jinake phalasvarUpa hameM AMzika vaividhya dikhAI detA hai| 712 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-6, pR.- 186, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1680. "pratiSThAmayUkha, anu.- DaoN. mahezacandra jozI, pR.- 30, kRSNAdAsa akAdamI, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1666.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 347 upasaMhAra uparyukta tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke pazcAt yaha saMzaya honA svAbhAvika hai ki bali-vidhAna kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? isa vidhAna kI kyA upayogitA hai? yadyapi jaina-siddhAMta kI dRSTi se saMskAra kI itanI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kyoMki vyakti karmAdhIna hai, sukha yA duHkha kI prApti to vyakti ke svakarma para Azrita hai| kisI devI-deva ko bali pradAna karane se na to pUrvabaddha karma hI badala sakate haiM aura na hI zAnti kI prApti ho sakatI hai| to phira bali vidhAna kyoM kiyA jAtA hai? jaba hama isa para gaharAI se vicAra karate haiM, to hamAre sAre saMzaya svataH hI miTa jAte hai| bali-vidhAna kyA hai- bali vidhAna eka aisI prakriyA hai, jisameM gRhastha ko apane sAmarthya ke anusAra devatAoM, pitaroM Adi ko bhojana kA eka aMza denA hotA hai| yaha prakriyA manuSya ko tyAga karanA sikhAtI hai| vaise to vyakti apane svajanoM ke lie khUba tyAga karatA hai, kintu isa vidhAna ke mAdhyama se usake dAyare ko vistRta karake paropakAra kI vRtti kA sarjana kiyA jAtA hai| isa vidhAna ke mAdhyama se hI vyakti meM tyAga kI bhAvanA pragAr3ha hotI hai aura eka samaya aisA AtA hai, ki jaba use saMsAra kA tyAga karanA hotA hai, taba usake mana meM lezamAtra bhI duHkha yA ArtatA kA bhAva nahIM AtA hai| isa prakAra tyAga kI vRtti ko prabala karane hetu yaha saMskAra upayogI hI nahIM, Avazyaka bhI hai| prAyazcitta vidhi prAyazcitta-vidhi kA svarUpa vaidika vidhAnoM ne prAyazcitta zabda kA vyutpattiparaka artha isa prakAra se kiyA hai, prAyaH- tapa, citta- dRr3hasaMkalpa, ataH prAyazcitta kA tAtparya huA, tapa karane kA dRddh'sNklp| yAjJavalkyasmRti kI bAlambhaTTI TIkA meM eka zlokArddha uddhRta hai, jisake anusAra isa zabda kI vyutpatti prAyaH pApa, citta- zuddhi arthAt pApa kI zuddhi se batAI gaI hai| isake atirikta bhI prAyazcitta ke kaI artha haiM, yathA- parizodha, pApaniSkRti, kSatipUrti, saMtoSa, sudhAra, pApa se nistAra pAne ke lie dhArmika sAdhanA ityaadi| yahA~ yAjJavalkyasmRti kI bAlambhaTTI TIkA meM ullekhita prAyazcitta zabda kI vyAkhyA hI yuktisaMgata pratIta hotI hai| abhidhAna rAjendrakoza ke anusAra-"pApaM chinnatIti pApacchim", ataH jo pApoM kA chedana kare use 74 hindUdharmakoza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR.-430, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1678. * saMskRta hindIkoza, vAmanazivarAma ApTe, pR.- 661, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1666.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 716 prAyazcitta kahate hai| aparAdha kA artha prAyaH kahalAtA hai aura citta kA artha zodhana hai| jisa prakriyA se aparAdha kI zuddhi ho, vaha prAyazcitta kahalAtA hai| 348 jainendra zabdakoza meM prAyazcitta zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai- prati samaya lagane vAle antaraMga va bAhya doSoM kI nivRtti karake antarzodhana karane ke lie kiyA gayA pazcAtApa yA daNDa ke rUpa meM upavAsa Adi kA grahaNa prAyazcitta kahalAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM prAyazcitta ko pramAdavaza kie gae pApoM kI vizuddhi ke hetu mAnA hai / 718 vidvajjanoM ne bhale hI prakArAntara se prAyazcitta kI aneka paribhASAe~ dI ho, kintu una sabhI kA mUla lakSya pApoM kI vizuddhi karanA hI hai| vardhamAnasUri ne isa prakaraNa meM pApoM kI vizuddhi ke hetubhUta prAyazcitta kI vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai / granthakAra ne isa prakaraNa meM mUlAdhAra jItakalpabhASya, yatijItakalpa Adi kA liyA hai| digambara- paramparA meM prAyazcitta sambandhI avadhAraNA AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti hI haiM, arthAta vahA~ bhI hameM prAyazcittoM ke dasa prakAroM Adi kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vaidika - paramparA kI prAyazcitta-va sambandhI avadhAraNA kucha isase bhinna hai, vahA~ hameM prAyazcitta ke ina prakAroM kI carcA nahIM milatI hai| isa vidhi kA mukhya prayojana pramAdavaza kie gae pApoM kI zuddhi karanA haiM, kyoMki vizuddhi una pApoM kI hI ho sakatI hai, jo pramAdavaza kie gae hoM, aMhakArapUrvaka kie gae pApoM kI zuddhi prAyazcitta se nahI ho sakatI hai| prAyazcitta - vidhi ke mAdhyama se vyakti meM pApabhIrutA, sajagatA, saralatA Adi guNoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, kyoMki prAyazcitta vaha vyakti kara sakatA hai, jo pApabhIru ho, sajaga ho, sarala ho| isa prakAra prakArAntara se prAyazcitta - vidhi kA prayojana vyakti meM sahajatA, sajagatA Adi guNoM ko vikasita karanA hai / prAyazcitta kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie? yaha bhI eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra pakSa meM, cAturmAsa meM, varSa meM, pramAdavaza kie gae pApoM ke anta meM, gItArtha guru kA saMyoga hone para, tIrtha meM, tapa vizeSa ke Arambha meM evaM kisI mahotsava ke Arambha meM yA aMta meM prAyazcitta grahaNa karanA caahie| vardhamAnasUri dvArA prajJapta prAyazcitta kA yaha kAla viziSTa aparAdhoM ke sambandha meM hI batAyA gayA hogA- aisA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki jaina- paramparA meM to sAdhu evaM 716 abhidhAna rAjendrakoza, bhAga-5, pR. 855. jainendra zabdakoza (bhAga - 1), jinendravarNI, pR. 157, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dvitIya saMskaraNaH 1687. 7* AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya saiMtIsavA~, pR. 240, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. wry

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zrAvaka ko AlocanA evaM pratikramaNa ke mAdhyama se pratidina prAyazcitta karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM bhI AcArya haribhadra ne kahA hai716 jinendradeva ne AlocanA kA kAla pakSa, cAturmAsa Adi kahA hai| pUrvAcArya bhadrabAhu Adi ne bhI ise isI prakAra kahA hai| sAmAnya AlocanA to pratikramaNa ke rUpa meM subaha-zAma kI jAtI hai| pakSAdi kAla prAyaH vizeSa AlocanA kA hai| koI viziSTa aparAdha huA ho, to usakI samaya vizeSa meM AlocanA kreN| bImArI se uThA ho, lambA vihAra kiyA ho, Adi kAraNoM se pakSAdi meM bhI AlocanA kI jAtI hai| vaidika - paramparA meM pratidina AlocanA karane kA vidhAna hameM dekhane ko nahI milaa| vahA~ para sAmAnyataH pApa lagane para hI prAyazcitta karane ke ullekha milate haiN| prAyazcitta-vidhi meM mukhya rUpa se prAyazcitta- pradAtA guru hI hote haiN| yadyapi prAyazcitta kA grahaNa sAdhu-sAdhvI yA zrAvaka-zrAvikA dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, kintu usakI ye sampUrNa prakriyA nirgrantha guru dvArA hI karavAI jAtI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM prAyazcitta kinake dvArA pradAna kiyA jAtA hai, isakA hameM ullekha nahIM milatA hai| usameM paramparAgata rUpa se to kisI brAhmaNa paNDita se hI prAyazcitta grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi aMkita kI hai : prAyazcitta-vidhi 349 AcAradinakara meM prAyazcitta-vidhi ke antargata sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara yA ajJAnadazA meM kie gae pApakarmoM kI vizuddhi prAyazcitta dvArA hotI hai, kintu yadi tIvra kaSAyoM se prerita hokara koI pApakarma kiyA jAtA hai, to usakA phala bhoganA hI hotA hai| pApa pravRttiyoM ke karttA kI caitasika sthitiyoM ke AdhAra para aneka stara hote hai| kaunasA pApakarma kisa prakAra ke manobhAvoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, yaha to kevala jJAnI hI jAna sakatA hai; phira bhI deza, kAla, sthiti aura vyakti kI prakRti ke AdhAra para gItArtha muni dvArA kiMcit rUpa se kisI kArya ke prAyazcitta ke svarUpa ko batAyA jA sakatA hai, isalie vardhamAnasUri kA kathana hai ki prAyazcitta karane ke icchuka muni ko sarvaprathama dUra-dUra ke kSetroM meM gItArtha muni kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhie / phira unhoMne prAyazcitta - vidhi ke sandarbha meM prAyazcitta dene vAle aura prAyazcitta grahaNa karane vAle ke lakSaNoM kI vivecanA kI hai / tadanantara prAyazcitta grahaNa karane 76 paMcAzaka prakaraNa, anu. DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- pandrahavA~, pR. 260, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1667.

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350 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI ke yogya deza, kAla Adi kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| anta meM prAyazcitta na karane se kyA hAni aura kyA lAbha hote haiM, isakI carcA kI gaI hai| tatpazcAt vardhamAnasUri ne prAyazcitta grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| prAyazcitta ke muhUrta ke sandarbha meM vardhamAnasUri kA kathana hai ki mRdu, dhruva, cara aura kSipra nakSatroM meM tathA maMgalavAra evaM zukravAra ko prAyazcitta grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| zeSa nakSatroM aura vAroM meM prAyazcittadAyaka tathA prAyazcitta grahaNa karane vAle kA caMdrabala dekhakara prAyazcitta-vidhi karanI caahie| isa vidhi ke antargata sarvaprathama sarva caityoM meM caityavaMdana aura sabhI sAdhuoM ko vandana karake prAyazcitta grahaNa karane vAlA muni Ayambila tapa kre| yadi prAyazcitta grahaNa karane vAlA gRhastha ho, to use sabase pahale bRhatsnAtravidhi se paramAtmA kI mahApUjA aura sAdharmikavAtsalya karanA caahie| sAtha hI sAdhuoM ko caturvidha AhAra, vastra aura jJAna ke upakaraNoM kA dAna karanA caahie| phira zubhalagna meM prAyazcitta grahaNa karane vAlA gItArtha guru kI pradakSiNA karake IryApathikI kI AlocanA kare tathA cAra stutiyoM se caityavaMdana kre| tadanantara mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA karake sabhI muniyoM ko dvAdazAvata vaMdana kre| punaH guru ke sammukha mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA kara aura unheM vandana kara Atmazuddhi ke hetu AlocanA karane kI AjJA maaNge| guru kI AjJA prApta hone para Atmazuddhi ke nimitta kAyotsarga kre| kAyotsarga pUrNa karake vinayapUrvaka mukha ko mukhavastrikA se AcchAdita kara tathA hAtha jor3akara jo bhI dRSkRta kie hoM, tathA jinakI smRti ho, una saba dRSkRtyoM kA gItArtha guru ke samakSa kathana kare, kucha bhI chipAeM nhiiN| gItArtha guru una dRSkRtyoM ko sunakara deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke anusAra jisa prakAra ke prAyazcitta ke vaha yogya ho, vaha prAyazcitta pradAna kare- yaha prAyazcitta grahaNa karane kI saMkSipta vidhi hai| isake pazcAta AcAradinakara meM dasa prakAra ke prAyazcittoM tathA kaunasA aparAdha kisa prAyazcitta ke yogya hotA hai- isakI bahuta hI vistRta carcA kI hai| mUlagrantha meM yaha viSaya ativistAra ke sAtha varNita hai| vistArabhaya se usa sabakI carcA karanA yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai| jinheM isa sambandha meM vistAra se jAnane kI icchA ho, ve mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke tRtIya bhAga kA saiMtIsavA~ udaya dekha sakate haiN| prAyazcitta sambandhI yaha vistRta vivecana vyavahArasUtra, yatijItakalpa aura jItakalpa bhASya ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| jItakalpa Adi ye bhASyagrantha kevalamuniyoM kI AcAra-vyAkhyA se sambandhita prAyazcittoM kA hI kathana karate haiM, kintu AcAradinakara meM na kevala muniyoM kI apitu zrAvakoM kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA bhI ullekha hai| zrAvakoM kI prAyazcitta-vidhi ke sandarbha meM AcAradinakara meM do

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 351 granthoM ko AdhAra mAnA gayA hai- (1) laghujItakalpa evaM (2) shraaddhjiitklp| laghujItakalpa muniyoM aura zrAvakoM-donoM ke hI prAyazcittoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karatA hai, jabaki zrAddhajItakalpa meM mAtra zrAvakoM ke aNuvratoM Adi ke aticAroM kI zuddhi hetu prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki vardhamAnasUri ne prAyazcitta-vidhi kI vivecanA karate hue AcAradinakara meM jItakalpabhASya, laghujItakalpa, yatijItakalpa, zrAddhajItakalpa Adi granthoM ko pUrNatayA uddhRta kara diyA hai| isa kAraNa se prAyazcitta sambandhI yaha saiMtIsavA~ udaya ati vistRta ho gayA hai| sampUrNa viSaya kA vistArapUrvaka samAveza karanA isa zodha grantha meM samucita nahIM thA, kyoMki jainadharma ke prAyazcittavidhAna ko lekara eka svataMtra zodha prabandha likhA jA sakatA hai, itanI sAmagrI AcAradinakara meM hai| ataH yahA~ hameM vivazatA meM hI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA saMkSepa meM ullekha karanA par3a rahA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki sarvaprathama to gRhastha aura muniyoM ke aparAdhoM kI saMkhyA hI hajAroM meM ho sakatI hai, kintu mUlagrantha meM bhI jJAnAticAra, darzanAticAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra- ina pA~ca prakAroM ke aticAroM ke sAtha-sAtha muni aura zrAvaka ke jo vividha kriyA-kalApa haiM, unase sambandhita aparAdhoM kI evaM unake prAyazcittoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| jinheM isa sambandha meM gaharAI se jAnane kI rUci ho, ve bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha Adi AgamoM ke sAtha-sAtha mere dvArA anudita AcAradinakara ke tRtIya bhAga ke saiMtIsa udaya ko dekhane kI kRpA kreN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM chaH chedasUtra mAne gaye hai yathA- (1) dazAzrutaskandha, (2) bRhatkalpa, (3) vyavahAra, (4) nizItha, (5) mahAnizItha tathA (6) jItakalpA inakI niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi Adi meM bhI prAyazcitta sambandhI viSaya carcita hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana kina-kina pApoM kA nAza prAyazcitta se hotA hai, prAyazcitta-vidhi hetu guru kaise hone cAhie, Adi ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasari ne pAparupI zalya-uddharaNa, arthAt prAyazcitta ke nimitta se gItArtha kI gaveSaNA hetu kSetra evaM kAla kI utkRSTa maryAdA kA ullekha kiyA hai| kadAc prAyazcitta hetu jIvanaparyanta yogya guru kI khoja meM lagA muni sAmAnya muni kI sevA karate hue yadi kAladharma ko prApta kara letA hai, to bhI use AlocanA kA phala prApta hotA hai, kyoMki yadi jIvana rahatA, to gItArtha guru kA yoga hone para AlocanA pUrvaka prAyazcitta grahaNa

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 720 krtaa| AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti hI pravacanasAroddhAra meM bhI hameM AlocanAdAtA kI gaveSaNA ke sambandha meM ullekha milate haiN| vahA~ bhI zalyoddhAra ke lie gItArtha kI khoja utkRSTataH kSetra kI apekSA se sAta sau yojana taka evaM kAla kI apekSA se bAraha varSa paryanta kahA gayA hai| paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM AlocanA pradAtA guru ke lakSaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vidhimArgaprapA meM bhI uparyukta viSaya kI carcA nahIM milatI hai| digambara evaM vaidika - paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM isa prakAra kA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milaa| 721 352 722 prAyazcitta grahaNa karane yogya sAdhaka ke kyA lakSaNa haiM, prAyazcitta nahIM karane ke kyA doSa haiM evaM prAyazcitta karane se kyA lAbha hotA hai ? isakA bhI ullekha vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM kiyA hai| paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM bhI hameM uparyukta viSayoM kI carcA milatI hai, yathA - AlocanA meM ajJAnatA Adi ke kAraNa duSkRtya kA sevana karane para bhI saMsAra ke bhaya se usa duSkRtya ke lie pazcAtApa hotA hai, ataH AlocanA sArthaka hai / ' paMcAzakaprakaraNa meM haribhadrasUri ne kahA haiM ki tIrthaMkaroM ne saMvigna ( saMsAra se bhayabhIta ) mAyA rahita, vidvAn, kalpasthita, anAzaMsI, prajJApanIya, zraddhAlu, AjJAvAn, duSkRtya, tApI, AlocanA-vidhi - samutsuka aura abhigraha AsevanA Adi lakSaNoM se yukta sAdhu ko AlocanA ke yogya mAnA hai ityAdi, 723 kintu ye vivecana AcAradinakara kI apekSA saMkSipta hai| digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM prAyazcitta na karane ke doSoM kA to ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahA~ hameM prAyazcitta grahaNa karane ke yogya sAdhaka ke lakSaNa evaM prAyazcitta karane se kyA-kyA lAbha hote hai- isakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika - paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM isa sambandha meM yatkiMcit ullekha milate hai| smRtiyoM, purANoM evaM madhyakAlIna granthoM ke anusAra prAyazcitta na karane se pApI ko pApoM kA duSpariNAma bhugatanA par3atA hai / yAjJavalkya M ke anusAra pApakRtya ke phalasvarUpa samyak prAyazcitta na karane se parama bhayAvaha evaM kaSTakAraka _724 pravacanasAroddhAra, anu. - hemaprabhAzrIjI, dvAra- 126, pR. 36, prAkRtabhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa : 2000. paMcAzakaprakaraNa, anu.- DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- pandrahavA~, pR. 262, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1667. 22 paMcAzakaprakaraNa, anu.- DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- pandrahavA~, pR. 258, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1667. paMcAzakaprakaraNa, anu. DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA, prakaraNa- pandrahavA~, pR. 261, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1667. 724 * dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (tRtIya bhAga), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya - 6, pR. 1067 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1675. 720 721

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 353 naraka-yAtanA sahanI par3atI hai ityAdi, kintu vahA~ hameM prAyazcitta grahaNa karane yogya sAdhaka ke lakSaNoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| uparyukta carcA karane ke pazcAt vardhamAnasUri ne prAyazcitta grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra 25 zubha muhUrta meM guru aura ziSya ke caMdrabala meM AlocanAgrAhI sAdhu ko sarvacaityoM meM caityavaMdana, sarva sAdhuoM kA vandana tathA Ayambila-tapa karanA caahie| yadi AlocanAgrAhI gRhastha hai, to use sarvacaityoM meM bRhatsnAtravidhi se pUjana, sAdharmikavAtsalya, saMghapUjana, sAdhuoM ko vastra, annapAtra Adi kA dAna, jJAnapUjA, maNDalapUjA karanI caahie| tatpazcAt zubhavelA ke Ane para prAyazcitta grahaNa karane vAlA sAdhu yA zrAvaka guru ko pradakSiNA dekara gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA kare aura devavandana kre| phira mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA evaM sarva sAdhuoM ko dvAdazAvatavandana karake guru ke Age mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA kreN| isake bAda khamAsamaNAsUtrapUrvaka prAyazcitta-vidhi kI AjJA lekara prAyazcitta dvArA zuddhi karane hetu kAyotsarga kare, kAyotsarga meM sAdhaka caturviMzatistava kA cintana kare tathA kAyotsarga pUrNa karake punaH prakaTa rUpa se caturviMzatistava bole| tatpazcAt guru ke samakSa tIna bAra parameSThImaMtra evaM AlocanA kI gAthA bole| phira vinayapUrvaka Asana meM guru ke samakSa baiThakara niSkapaTa bhAva se jJAta duSkRtoM kI AlocanA kre| guru bhI samabhAvapUrvaka ziSya ke duSkRtyoM ko sunakara use paristhiti ke anusAra usake yogya AlocanA Adi dasavidha prAyazcitta ko karane kA Adeza de| digambara-paramparA meM isa prakAra kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milA, yadyapi vahA~ bhI guru ke samakSa hI prAyazcitta karane ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu khamAsamaNAsUtrapUrvaka guru kI AjJA prApta karanA, prAyazcitta-vidhi hetu kAyotsarga karanA, Adi kriyAoM kA ullekha hameM vahA~ dekhane ko nahIM milaa| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI ukta vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai aura yaha svAbhAvika hai| - prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha karane ke bAda vardhamAnasUri ne dasavidha prAyazcittau 26- (1) AlocanA (2) pratikramaNa (3) ubhaya (4) viveka (5) kAyotsarga (6) tapayogya (7) chedayogya (6) mUlayogya (E) anavasthApyayogya aura (10) pArAMcikayogya kA ullekha karate hue kina-kina doSoM 74 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 2411, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 726 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 241, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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354 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI meM kauna-kauna sA prAyazcitta denA cAhie? isakA vistRta ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI prAyazcitta ke dasa prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu ina prakAroM meM AMzika bheda dikhAI detA hai| digambara-paramparA meM mUlayogya prAyazcitta taka ke prakAroM kA to yathAvat ullekha milatA hai, kintu anavasthApya prAyazcitta ko parihAravizuddhi-prAyazcitta ke rUpa meM vivecita karake pArAMcika-prAyazcitta ko isI meM samAhita kara liyA gayA hai aura usakI jagaha usameM zraddhAna" nAmaka prAyazcitta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| antima ina do prakAroM kI avadhAraNA ke sambandha meM bhI ina donoM paramparAoM meM kucha matabheda dikhAI detA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa hama unakA ullekha yahA~ nahIM kara raheM hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI prAyazcittoM ke dasa prakAroM ke sAtha hI hameM yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki kisa doSa ke lagane para kaunasA prAyazcitta karanA cAhie, jaiseAcArya se pUche binA AtApanA Adi karane para, dUsare ke parokSa meM usake pustaka pIchI Adi upakaraNa le lene para, pramAda se AcArya Adi kA kahA na karane para, saMgha ke svAmI se pUche binA kisI kAma se kahIM jAkara lauTa Ane para, dUsare saMgha se pUche binA apane saMgha meM jAne para, deza aura kAla ke niyama se avazya kartavya vizeSa vrata kA dharmakathA Adi ke vyAsaMga se bhUla jAne para, kintu punaH usako kara lene para, isI prakAra ke anya bhI aparAdhoM meM AlocanAmAtra hI prAyazcitta hai|" isa prakAra dharmAmRta anagAra meM prArambha ke chaH prakAra ke prAyazcitta ke doSoM kA eka sAtha ullekha kiyA gayA hai, saMgraha grantha ke chedapiNDa 26 meM bhI hameM ThIka isI prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai| sambhavataH paM. AzAdharajI ne dharmAmRta anagAra meM isa prakaraNa ko vahIM se uddhRta kiyA hogA, kintu AcAradinakara kI apekSA yaha vivaraNa bahuta hI saMkSipta hai| AcAradinakara meM ina chahoM prAyazcittoM kA vistRta varNana hai| ina prAyazcittoM meM bhI taMparUpa prAyazcitta kA vivecana to vizeSa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| isa prAyazcitta meM unhoMne caudaha prakAra ke tapoM ke sAMketika nAmoM ke sAtha-sAtha dasavidha pratyAkhyAnoM kI navakAramaMtra ke sAtha paraspara saMkalanA bhI kI hai|30 isake sAtha hI guruvrata evaM laghuvrata sambandhI vidhi-niSedhoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM hameM ina bAtoM kI carcA nahIM milatI hai| (r) dharmAmRta anagAra, anu.-paM. kailAzacandra zAstrIjI, adhyAya-sAtavA~, pR.- 513, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa : 1677. 729 dharmAmRta anagAra, anu.-paM. kailAzacandra zAstrIjI, adhyAya-sAtavA~, pR.- 516, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa : 1677. 726 chedapiNDa, indranandiyogindra viracita, pR.-38, mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, mubaI naM.-4, 1978. " AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 243, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 355 vaidika-paramparA meM AcAradinakara kI bhA~ti dasavidha prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| tapayogya prAyazcitta meM vardhamAnasari ne paMcAcAra- jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra meM lagane vAle doSoM kA ullekha kiyA huA hai| inameM bhI cAritrAcAra meM lagane vAle doSoM kA ullekha vistRta rUpa se huA haiisameM unhoMne na kevala cAritra jIvana meM lagane vAle doSoM kA hI varNana kiyA hai, varan piNDaiSaNA sambandhI saiMtAlIsa doSoM ke prAyazcittoM kA bhI vistRta vivecana kiyA hai, jaise- karma audadezikapiNDa, parivartitapiNDa, svagraha pAkhaNDa mizrapiNDa, bAdara prAbhRtika piNDa, satpratyavAyAhRtapiNDa ke grahaNa karane para, athavA lobhavaza atimAtrA meM piNDa kA grahaNa karane para upavAsa kA prAyazcitta AtA hai| pratyeka vanaspatikAya yA anaMta vanaspatikAya se nikSipta piNDa ke grahaNa karane para bhI upavAsa kA prAyazcitta AtA hai, ityaadi| digambara-paramparA meM hameM paMcAcAra meM lagane vAle doSoM ke prAyazcittoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi vahA~ piNDaiSaNA sambandhI doSoM kA ullekha milatA hai"32, kintu unake lie vahA~ prAyazcitta kA kyA vidhAna hai, usakA hameM ullekha nahIM milA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI hameM ukta doSoM kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne jItakalpasUtra kA Azraya lete hue AcArya ko prAyazcitta dene ke sambandha meM kahA hai733 ki AcArya ko chedaprAyazcitta AtA ho, to bhI use tapayogya prAyazcitta hI denA caahie| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM hai| viziSTa cheda prAyazcitta cAra mAsa yA cha: mAsa kA hotA hai| budhajanoM dvArA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, puruSa aura pratisevanA, arthAt jisa rUpa meM usa doSa kA AcaraNa kiyA hai, usako samyak prakAra se dhyAna meM rakhakara adhika yA kama prAyazcitta bhI diyA jA sakatA hai| isake sAtha hI vardhamAnasUri ne zAstroM meM varNita cAra prakAra kI puruSa pratisevanA- (1) AvRtti (2) pramAda (3) darpa evaM (4) 73' AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 244, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 732 mUlAcAra, saM.-DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra-paMcama, bhArata varSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 73 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 246, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. o AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 246, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. .

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356 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI kalpa kA vicAra karate hue inase sambandhita prAyazcittoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM cheda prAyazcitta kI isa jaghanya evaM utkRSTa sthiti kA evaM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, puruSa evaM pratisevanA ke AdhAra para prAyazcitta dene kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM hameM prAyazcitta ke isa bheda (prakAra) kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| uparyukta carcA karane ke bAda vardhamAnasUri ne chedaprAyazcitta mUlaprAyazcitta evaM pArAMcita ke yogya doSoM kI carcA kI hai tathA yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki anavasthApya tapakarma aura pArAMcita- ye donoM prAyazcitta antima caudaha pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ke samaya se viccheda hai| zeSa prAyazcitta jaba taka jina zAsana hai, taba taka rheNge| 35 digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI hameM cheda, mUla, anavasthApya (parihAra) evaM pArAMcita (parihAra prAyazcitta kA eka bheda) ke yogya doSoM kI carcA milatI hai, kintu vahA~ inakA varNana AcAradinakara kI apekSA saMkSipta hai| vardhamAnasUri ne yahA~ taka jina prAyazcittoM kI carcA kI hai, ve saba munijIvana se sambandhita haiN| isake bAda unhoMne zrAddhajItakalpa ke anusAra bAraha vratadhArI zrAvakoM kI taparUpa prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| vahA~ muni kI bhA~ti zrAvakoM hetu dasa prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna nahIM hai| mana se jinezvara paramAtmA ke vacanoM meM zaMkA hone para, anya dharma kI icchA rakhane para, dharmakaraNI ke phala meM saMdeha rakhane para, mithyAdRSTiyoM kI prazaMsA karane para tathA unake sAtha paricaya rakhane para Ayambila tapa kA prAyazcitta AtA hai tathA usase adhika tIvra bhAva se ina doSoM kA sevana karane para upavAsa kA prAyazcitta AtA hai, ityaadi|26 zrAvaka ke darzana, jJAna Adi meM lagane vAle doSoM kI carcA evaM unake prAyazcittoM kA varNana bhI hameM AcAradinakara meM milatA hai| isake atirikta zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke aticAroM kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA bhI vahA~ ullekha huA hai| digambara-paramparA ke prAyazcitta sambandhI granthoM, yathA- chedapiNDa, chedazAstra, evaM prAyazcitta Adi meM hameM vratadhArI zrAvaka evaM sAmAnya zrAvaka kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise- chedazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki muniyoM ke lie prAyazcitta kA jo vidhAna hai, vahI vidhAna zrAvakoM ke lie bhI hai| uttama zrAvaka ko muni kI apekSA AthA prAyazcitta, diyA jAnA caahie| usakA AdhA prAyazcitta 735 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 248, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 76 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 248, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 70 chedazAstra, ajJAtakartA, pR.- 101, mANikacandra jaina grantha mAlA, hIrAbAga, mumbaI : 1678.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 357 brahmacArI ko, usase AdhA prAyazcitta madhyama zrAvaka ko, usase AdhA prAyazcitta jaghanya zrAvaka ko diyA jAnA caahie| paMcamahApAtaka karane para vizeSa zuddhi hetu prAyazcitta ke atirikta jinapUjA karane kA nirdeza denA cAhie, ityaadi| vaidika-paramparA meM hameM bAraha vratadhArI zrAvaka kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| __isI prakaraNa meM vardhamAnasUri ne anya jItakalpoM yathA laghujItakalpa, vyavahAra evaM jItakalpa kA Azraya lekara punaH sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisakA ullekha sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa hama yahA~ nahIM kara raheM hai| use AcAradinakara ke mere dvArA kie gae anuvAda meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isake bAda vardhamAnasari ne prAyazcitta-vidhi ke eka anya prakAra, arthAta prakIrNaka-prAyazcitta evaM bhAvaprAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM kI choTe-choTe se doSoM kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA ullekha huA hai, jaise muni yadi loca kI pIr3A se calAyamAna ho jAe, to upavAsa kA prAyazcitta AtA hai| bAIsa parISahoM ko sahana na kara pAe, to bhI upavAsa kA prAyazcitta AtA hai| adhyApana karAte samaya zrAvaka evaM ziSya Adi ko mArane para ina donoM doSoM kI zuddhi pratikramaNa se hotI hai| mumukSu yadi sadguru kI AjJA kA vidhipUrvaka pAlana na kare, arthAt unakI AjJA kA ullaMghana kare, to use nirvikRti kA prAyazcitta AtA hai,738 ityaadi| isI prakAra zrAvakoM dvArA lajjAdi ke kAraNa anya paramparAoM ke devatAoM tathA sAdhuoM ko namaskAra karane para usakI zuddhi jinapUjA se hotI hai| balAtkArapUrvaka saba vratoM kA bhaMga karane para muniyoM evaM gRhasthoM ko dasa upavAsa kA prAyazcitta AtA hai , ityaadi| digambara-paramparA ke prAyazcitta sambandhI granthoM meM bhI hameM sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM ke prakIrNaka doSoM ke prAyazcittoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu AcAradinakara meM varNita kucha prakIrNaka doSoM kA ullekha hameM vahA~ nahIM milatA hai, jaise- muni yadi loca kI pIr3A se calAyamAna ho jAe, to kyA prAyazcitta AtA hai| isake sthAna para hameM isa bAta kA ullekha avazya milatA hai ki muni cAturmAsa meM loca na karAe, to eka upavAsa kA prAyazcitta AtA hai| eka varSa meM bhI yadi loca na karAe, to nirantara do upavAsa kA aura pA~ca varSa meM bhI yadi loca na karAe, to "paMcakalyANa" kA 738 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 257, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 72 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR.- 257, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 740 741 prAyazcitta AtA hai| sambhavataH vardhamAnasUri ne isI bAta ko prakArAntara se kahane kA prayatna kiyA hogA / vaidika paramparA meM yadyapi kucha doSoM ke prAyazcittoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise- ghAsa, IMdhana, vRkSa, sUkhe bhojya padArtha, vastra, khAla evaM mAMsa kI corI ke prAyazcitta ke lie tIna dinoM kA upavAsa karanA cAhie " kintu vahA~ upavAsa kA artha anna jala ke sampUrNa tyAga se nahIM liyA gayA hai, varan thor3I mAtrA meM halkA bhojana karane se liyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina evaM vaidika - paramparA kI mAnyatAoM meM kAphI antara dikhAI detA hai / " 358 6742 _743 vardhamAnasUri ne bhAvaprAyazcitta ke sAtha hI dravyaprAyazcitta kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| pA~ca prakAroM (1) sparza (2) kRtya (3) bhojana ( 4 ) durnaya evaM (5) vimizraNa ke doSoM ke lagane para bAhyazuddhi hetu - (1) snAna ke yogya ( 2 ) karaneyogya ( 3 ) tapayogya (4) dAnayogya evaM (5) vizodhanayogya - ina pA~ca prAyazcittoM kI vidhiyoM kA vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara - paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra kI prAyazcitta - vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra kI prAyazcitta - vidhi kA ullekha avazya milatA hai, jaise- snAnayogya prAyazcitta ke sambandha meM gautama meM kahA gayA hai ki patita, cANDAla, sUtikA, rajasvalA, zava, spRSTi, tatspRSTi ko chUne para vastra ke sAtha snAna karanA caahie| isI prakAra kA ullekha hameM yAjJavalkya evaM manusmRti meM bhI milatA hai / karaNIya prAyazcitta ke sambandha meM pArAzara ne kahA hai ki cAroM vedoM ke jJAtA brAhmaNa kI hatyA karane vAle ko rAmezvara jAnA cAhie, ityAdi / isI prakAra tapayogya, dAnayogya evaM vizodhanayogya prAyazcittoM kA bhI vahA~ ullekha milatA hai| sambhavataH AcAradinakara kI snAnAdi ke yogya prAyazcitta kI yaha vidhi vaidika paramparA se prabhAvita rahI hogI - aisA hama mAne, to koI galata nahIM hogA / _744 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tInoM paramparAoM meM prAyazcitta - vidhi kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu unameM paraspara bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai| 740 chedazAstra, ajJAtakartA, pR. 61, mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, mubaI - 4 : 1678. 741 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-tRtIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 2, pR. 1041, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1675. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR. 258, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 742 743 744 1622. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-tRtIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 4, pR. 1072 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1675. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-tRtIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-2, pR. 1042 uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1675.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana upasaMhAra 745 dhArmika jIvana evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI suvyavasthA hetu prAyazcitta-vidhi Avazyaka hai| isase na kevala deha kI bAhyazuddhi hI hotI hai, varan Antarika zuddhi bhI hotI hai| prAyazcitta karane se jIva pApakarma kI vizuddhi karatA hai aura niraticAra ho jAtA hai| samyak prakAra se prAyazcitta karane vAlA jIvamArga ( samyaktva ) aura mArgaphala (jJAna) ko nirmala karatA hai tathA AcAra ( cAritra) aura AcAraphala (mukti) kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| prAyazcitta - vidhi kI AvazyakatA para jora dete hue vardhamAnasUri ne bhI kahA hai- ajJAnatAvaza nAnA prakAra ke bhogoM ko bhogate hue yA dUsaroM ke Adezavaza yA bhayavaza yA hAsyavaza, athavA nRpAdi ke bala ke kAraNa, kiMvA prANa kI rakSA ke lie yA guru tathA saMgha kI bAdhAoM ko dUra karane ke lie yA paravazatA meM miragI, durbhikSya Adi saMkaToM meM kie gae pApoM kA kSaya gItArtha sadguru ke samakSa unakI AlocanA karake evaM prAyazcitta - vidhi kA samyak AcaraNa karake hI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra AtmA ko vizuddha karane hetu prAyazcitta atyanta anivArya hai, kyoMki prAyazcitta karane se jIva ke adhyavasAya nirmala ho jAte haiM aura vaha punaH pApakarma karane hetu prerita nahIM hotA hai| 747 vyakti yadi apane dRSkRtyoM kI AlocanA nahIM karatA hai, to satat usake jIvana meM doSoM kA Azrava cAlU hI rahatA hai aura eka samaya aisA AtA hai ki vaha mahAn doSoM kA ghara bana jAtA hai| jaisA ki paM. AzAdharajI T ne kahA hai - " pramAda se cAritra meM lage doSoM kI bAr3ha ruka nahIM sktii| eka bAra maryAdA TUTane para yadi rokA na gayA, to vaha maryAdA phira raha nahIM sakatI, isalie prAyazcitta atyanta Avazyaka hai| kahA bhI gayA hai- "yaha mahAtaparUpI tAlAba guNarUpI jala se bharA hai| isakI maryAdArUpI taTabandI meM thor3I sI bhI kSati kI upekSA nahIM karanA caahie| thor3I sI bhI upekSA karane se jaise tAlAba kA pAnI bAhara nikalakara bAr3ha lA detA hai, vaise hI upekSA karane se mahAtapa meM bhI doSoM kI bAr3ha Ane kA bhaya rahatA hai| isa kathana se na kevala vyakti ke Antarika zodhana hetu hI prAyazcitta kI upayogitA siddha hotI hai varan sAmAjika pariveza hetu bhI 2745 bhikSuAgama viSayakoza, sampAdaka- AcAryamahAprajJa, pR. 465, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- saiMtIsavA~, pR. 236-240, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. dharmAmRta anagAra, anu. - paM. kailAzacandra zAstrIjI, adhyAya- sAtavA~, pR. 512, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa : 1677. 746 359 TvT

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360 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI isakI mahattA siddha hotI hai| jisa prakAra bAr3ha se na kevala tAlAba ko hI nukasAna hotA hai, varan samUcA jIvana bhI asta-vyasta ho jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra prAyazcitta se rahita durguNI vyakti samAja meM asaMtoSa evaM azAnti ke vAtAvaraNa kA sarjana kara detA hai| ataH samAja kI suvyavasthA hetu bhI prAyazcitta-vidhi Avazyaka hai| Avazyaka vidhi Avazyaka vidhi kA svarUpa : 748 _746 avazya karaNIya sAmAyika Adi SaT kriyA anuSThAna ko Avazyaka kahate hai| jo jJAna, darzana, cAritra - ina tInoM kA prasAdhaka hai aura pratiniyatakAla meM anuSTheya yoga paramparA kA Asevana hai, vaha Avazyaka hai| mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA se prArambha kara sampUrNa dina-rAta meM karaNIya kramika sAmAcArI kA AcaraNa Adi samasta kriyAe~ Avazyaka kahalAtI haiM / " jainendra zabdakoza T ke anusAra vyAdhi, roga, azaktatA, ityAdi vikAra jisameM haiM, aise vyakti ko avaza kahate haiM- aise vyakti ko jo kriyAe~ karanA yogya hai, unako Avazyaka kahate haiM, jaise- "AzugacchatItyazvaH ", arthAt jo zIghra daur3atA hai, usako azva kahate hai / vyAghra Adi koI bhI prANI, jo zIghra daur3a sakate hai, ve sabhI azva zabda se saMgRhita hote hai, parantu azva zabda prasiddhi ke vaza hokara isa artha meM ghor3A hI rUr3ha hai| vaise avazya karane yogya jo koI bhI kArya hai, vaha Avazyaka zabda se kahA jAnA cAhie, jaise- sonA, karavaTa badalanA, kisI ko bulAnA, ityAdi karttavya avazya karane par3ate haiM, parantu Avazyaka zabda yahA~ sAmAyika SakriyAoM meM hI prasiddha hai| Avazyaka zabda kA prAkRta rUpa AvAsaka - aisA mAnakara " AvAsayanti ratnatrayamapi iti AvAsakAH ", arthAt jo AtmA meM ratnatraya kA nivAsa karAte haiM, unako AvAsaka kahate haiM / vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA hai- avazya karane yogya vaha kriyA jo AtmA ko durguNoM se haTAkara sadguNoM ke adhIna kare tathA AtmA ko jJAna, darzana tathA cAritrAdi guNoM se AvAsita, anuraMjita athavA AcchAdita kare, vaha Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra avazya karane yogya SaT kRtya ko kramazaH karane kI prakriyA ko Avazyaka - vidhi kahate hai / Avazyaka - vidhi jaina- paramparA kI sabhI -750 748 bhikSuAgama viSayakoza, pra. sampAdaka- AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 124 - 125, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 4 jainendra zabdakoza (bhAga-1), jinendravarNI, pR. 276-280, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, chaThavA~ saMskaraNaH 1668. 750 vizeSAvazyakabhASya (bhAga-1), anu zAhacunIlAla hakamacanda, sU. -873, maMdrakara prakAzana, 46 / 1, mahAlakSmI sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, tRtIya saMskaraNa : vi.saM. 2053.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 361 zAkhAoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita isa vidhi kA mUlAdhAra grantha AvazyakasUtra hai| vaidika-paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra kI Avazyaka-vidhi kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| Avazyaka-vidhi kyoM kI jAnI cAhie? isa vidhi ke karane kA kyA prayojana hai? isake sambandha meM vardhamAnasUri kahate haiM ki divasa, rAtri, pakSa, mAsa evaM varSa bhara ke pApoM kI vizuddhi ke lie sammilita rUpa se jo SaDAvazyaka kie jAte haiM, ve Avazyaka kriyAe~ karmoM ke ghAta ke tathA zubhadhyAna kI prApti ke hetu kI jAtI hai| isa prakAra isa vidhi kA mukhya prayojana jIva ko aSTakarmoM se mukta kara zukla dhyAna meM sthita karanA hai| isake sAtha hI zrAvaka evaM sAdhu apane AcaraNa ke prati sajaga rahe, isI prayojana se yaha kriyA-vidhi yahA~ prajJapta kI gaI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAoM ko yaha vidhi pratidina prAtaH evaM saMdhyA ke samaya karanI caahie| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke lie yaha kriyA pratidina Avazyaka rUpa se karaNIya hai, kintu yadi zrAvaka-zrAvikA kAraNavazAt pratidina yaha kriyA donoM samaya na kara sake, to use yaha kriyA pakSa meM karanI caahie| pakSa meM bhI nahIM kara sake, to cAturmAsa meM karanI cAhie aura cAturmAsa meM bhI kara pAnA saMmbhava na ho, to saMvatsara meM to avazyameva yaha vidhi zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko karanI hI caahie| zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM hetu isa prakAra kI chUTa (apavAdamArga) to pUrva meM kahA gayA hai, vahI hai| digambara-paramparA meM sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM ke lie bhI yaha vidhi pratidina donoM samaya karane kA vidhAna hai, kintu vartamAna meM digambara zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM meM prAyaH yaha vidhi pracalana meM nahIM hai| yaha kriyA sAdhu-sAdhvI evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko svayaM karanI hotI hai| yadyapi yaha vidhi karate samaya bIca-bIca meM garu yA AcArya se AjJA lenI hotI hai, kintu mUlataH yaha vidhi kartA ko svayaM hI karanI hotI hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI yaha kriyA kartA ko svayaM ko karanI hotI hai, kyoMki ye saba kriyAe~ AtmasAdhanA hetu kI jAtI hai aura AtmasAdhanA svayaM ko hI karanA hotI hai| " vizeSAvazyakabhASya (bhAga-1), anu.- zAhacunIlAla hakamacanda, sU.-975, bhaMdrakara prakAzana, 46/1, mahAlakSmI sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, tRtIya saMskaraNa : vi.saM.-2053.

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362 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi pratipAdita kI haiAvazyaka-vidhi vardhamAnasUri meM SaDAvazyakoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karate hue kramazaH SaDAvazyakoM meM una-una se sambandhita mUlasUtra evaM usakI TIkA kI bhI vyAkhyA kI hai| ina SaDAvazyakoM meM sarvaprathama sAmAyika kA svarUpa evaM usase sambandhita sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| sAmAyika-sUtroM ke antargata dezavirati evaM sarvavirati sAmAyikadaNDaka, namaskAra-mahAmaMtra sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai tathA prasaMgavaza isameM sAmAyika kA kyA phala hai, svAdhyAya kitane prakAra kA kahA gayA hai, evaM namaskAramaMtra kI kyA mahimA hai- isakA ullekha karate hue mahAmaMtra ke prabhAva ko batAne ke lie pA~ca dRSTAMta bhI die gae hai| caturviMzatistava nAmaka dUsare Avazyaka meM vandanaka ke 168 vikalpoM (bhaMgoM) kA ullekha karate hue unakA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ina 168 vikalpoM kA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai- muhapatti kI pratilekhanA, zarIra kI pratilekhanA aura Avazyaka kriyA- ina sabake paccIsa-paccIsa vikalpa hai| icchA Adi chaH sthAna, cha: guNa, chaH chaMdeNa Adi rUpa guru ke chaH vacana, vaMdana karane ke pA~ca adhikArI, vaMdana ke pA~ca anadhikArI, vaMdana kI pA~ca niSedhAvasthAe~, eka avagraha, vandana ke pA~ca nAma tathA vandana ke pA~ca dRSTAMta, guru kI teMtIsa AzAtanA, vandana ke battIsa doSa, vandana ke ATha kAraNa evaM avandana ke cha: doSa- isa prakAra vandana-vidhi ke 168 sthAna, arthAt prakAra hote haiN| tadanantara granthakAra ne vaMdanasUtra kI vyAkhyA kI hai| pratikramaNa nAmaka Avazyaka meM pratikramaNasUtroM, yathA- iriyAvahisUtra, tassa uttarIsUtra, devasika-AlocanA ke sUtra, sAdhu ke rAtrikaAlocanA ke sUtra, sAdhu ke daivasika-AlocanA ke sUtra, zrAvaka ke divasa evaM rAtri sambandhI AlocanAsUtra, sAdhu ke laghudaNDakasUtra, pratikramaNa ke madhya sAdhuoM ke aticAroM kI AlocanA karane kA sUtra, zrAvakoM ke aticAroM kI gAthAe~, gurukSAmaNAsUtra, saMgha Adi se sambandhita kSamApanAsUtra, pAkSika kSAmaNA sambandhitasUtra, zramaNasUtra, yati sambandhita pAkSikasUtra, zrutadevatA kI stuti evaM zrAvakasUtra kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| tadanantara kAyotsarga Avazyaka meM kAyotsarga ke svarUpa ko batAte hue annatthasUtra kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| prasaMgavaMza kAyotsarga ke apavAdoM evaM doSoM kA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| sabhI kAyotsarga meM sAdhakoM ko candesa nimmalayarA

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana gAthA taka caturviMzati kA cintana evaM namaskAramaMtra ke cintana meM navapada kA cintana karanA caahie| tatpazcAt pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka meM pratyAkhyAna ke prakAroM mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna evaM uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna kA vivecana huA hai / sAdhuoM evaM zrAvakoM ke lie mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna evaM uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna kauna-kauna se hai? unakA ullekha karate hue mUlagrantha meM sarvauttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna ke anAgata Adi dasa bhedoM kA tathA unase sambandhita pratyAkhyAnasUtroM, jaise- navakArasahita pratyAkhyAnasUtra, pauruSIsUtra, pUrvArddhasUtra, ekAzana pratyAkhyAnasUtra, ekasthAnasUtra, AyambilasUtra Adi kA bhAvArthasahita vistRta vivecana mUlagrantha meM huA hai| isI prakaraNa meM pratyAkhyAna zuddhi ke chaH prakAroM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| tadanantara pratyAkhyAna ke phala ko batAte hue pratyAkhyAna ke 147 bhAgoM (vikalpoM para bhI vahA~ vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 363 tatpazcAt ina AvazyakoM kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama sAmAyika kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| "mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA, namaskAramaMtra, sAmAyika kA pATha, IryApatha-pratikramaNa ( iriyAvahI), Asana kI pratilekhanA, svAdhyAya, pratyAkhyAna evaM guru- sAdhuoM ko vaMdana karanA" - yaha sAmAyika-vidhi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakaraNa ke anta meM pauSadhavidhi kA ullekha huA hai| tadanantara caityavaMdana kI vidhi kA ullekha huA hai / caityavaMdana ke pUrva kyA karanA cAhie, sAdhuoM evaM zrAvakoM ko dina meM kitanI bAra caityavaMdana karanA cAhie- isakA ullekha karate hue, caityavaMdana kI vidhi ke tIna prakAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| namaskAra pATha dvArA jaghanya, pA~ca daMDaka evaM stutiyugala dvArA madhyama, pA~ca daMDaka, cAra stuti, stavana evaM praNidhAnoM dvArA utkRSTa caityavaMdana hotA hai| punaH mUlagrantha meM ina prakAroM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| isake bAda vandana vidhi kA ullekha huA hai| kaba-kaba dvAdazAvartta - vidhi kI jAnI cAhie? isakA ullekha karane ke bAda isakI vidhi batAI gaI hai| isake atirikta mUlagrantha meM pratikramaNa - vidhi, kAyotsarga - vidhi evaM pratyAkhyAna - vidhi kA bhI ullekha huA hai, kintu vistArabhaya ke kAraNa unakA ullekha hama yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| isakI vistRta jAnakArI ke lie mere dvArA kie gae AcAradinakara ke tRtIya bhAga ke anuvAda ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa vidhi ke anta meM nRpa, maMtrI, parasevaka evaM bahuvyavasAyI Adi kI Avazyaka - vidhi kA bhI ullekha huA hai| anta meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki yadi kabhI kisI prajJAvAn ko sAmAyika evaM pratyAkhyAnadaNDaka kA mukhya pATha na AtA ho to use mana se grahaNa kre| tadanantara

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364 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI sAmAyika evaM pratyAkhyAna kA bhaMga hone para kyA prAyazcitta karanA cAhie? isakA bhI isameM ullekha huA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAnasari ne isa vidhi meM SaDAvazyakoM kA nAmollekha jisa krama se kiyA hai, ThIka usI prakAra ke krama kA ullekha hameM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM me dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne kAyotsarga ke bAda pratyAkhyAna kA ullekha kiyA hai, jabaki digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM pratyAkhyAna ke bAda kAyotsarga kA ullekha huA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI bhA~ti hameM digambara-paramparA meM Avazyaka vidhi se sambandhita sabhI sUtroM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi digambara-paramparA ke yApanIya sampradAya meM hameM zvetAmbara-paramparA ke Avazyaka sUtra kI bhA~ti hI "pratikramaNa granthatrayI" grantha milatA hai, jo ki zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AvazyakasUtra ke sUtra-pATha se bahuta hI sannikaTatA rakhatA hai, kintu yaha pustaka anupalabdha hone ke kAraNa isa viSaya meM hama jyAdA kucha kahane meM samartha nahIM haiN| digambara-paramparA ke mUlAdhAra grantha ke SaDAvazyaka sambandhI adhikAra meM jo ullekha mile haiM, unhIM ko AdhAra mAnate hue usakI tulanA hama yahA~ AcAradinakara meM varNita Avazyaka-vidhi se kreNge| vardhamAnasUri 53 ke anusAra sAmAyika ke do bheda haiM-(1) sarvavirati sAmAyika aura (2) dezavirati saamaayik| digambara-paramparA meM bhI sAmAyika ke ina donoM bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isake sAtha hI digambara-paramparA meM hameM sAmAyika ke (1) nAma (2) sthApanA (3) dravya (4) kSetra (5) kAla evaM (6) bhAva ina cha: bhedoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai|754 kahIM-kahIM inameM se cAra bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne sAmAyika Avazyaka meM karemibhaMtesUtra evaM parameSThImaMtra kA antarbhAva kiyA hai tathA unakI vistRta vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| digambara-paramparA meM sAmAyika Avazyaka meM kina-kina sUtroM kA antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai, isakA hameM ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 752 jainadharma meM yApanIya sampradAya, lekhaka- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.- 160, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 753 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 261, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 54 mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.-334, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvata pariSada, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 754

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 365 vardhamAnasUri ne isI Avazyaka meM svAdhyAya ke prakAroM kA varNana bhI kiyA hai, kintu ye bheda zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM se kucha haTakara haiN| vardhamAnasUri ne svAdhyAya ke (1) vAcanA (2) pRcchanA (3) AmnAya evaM (4) Agama- ye cAra bheda batAe haiM, jabaki digambara evaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM svAdhyAya ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| anuprekSA svAdhyAya ko vardhamAnasUri ne svAdhyAya ke prakAra ke rUpa meM ullekhita nahIM kiyA hai| tadanantara vardhamAnasUri ne caturviMzati Avazyaka ke svarUpa evaM unake antarnihita sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake antargata vardhamAnasUri ne namutthuNasUtra, logassasUtra, arhat caityastava, zrutastava, siddhastava, vaiyAvRttyakara kAyotsargasUtra, caitya- sAdhusmaraNasUtra, evaM jayavIyarAyasUtra kA samAveza kiyA hai|056 digambara-paramparA meM logujjoyayare (logassa) sUtra kA ullekha thossAmidaNDaka ke rUpa meM milatA hai kintu isake atirikta anya sUtroM kA ullekha hameM vahA~ dekhane ko nahIM milaa| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA kI bhA~ti hI digambara-paramparA meM bhI caturviMzatistava Avazyaka kA tAtparya arhat paramAtmA kI stuti karanA hI mAnA hai| digambara-paramparA meM sAmAyika kI bhA~ti hI stava ke bhI cha: bheda mAne hai|018 zvetAmbara-paramparA meM hameM ina bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vandana Avazyaka ke antargata vardhamAnasari ne vandana ke 168 vikalpoM kA ullekha karate hue unakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai056 tathA unase sambandhita sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM ina 168 vikalpoM meM nihita kucha viSayoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai, jaise- vardhamAnasari ne vandana ke pA~ca nAma batAe hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI hameM vandana ke pA~coM nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi vahA~ spaSTa rUpa se to (1) kRti (2) citikarma (3) pUjAkarma evaM (4) vinayakarma- ina cAra nAmAntaroM kA hI ullekha huA hai, 60 o AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 264, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 756 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 267-271, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 740 mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.-335,bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.-334,bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvata pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 6 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 272, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 760 mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, lekhaka- DaoN. phUlacandra jaina, adhyAya-2, pR.-102, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, prathama saMskaraNa : 1687. -

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366 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI kintu vandana bhI svayaM eka nAma hai- isa apekSA se vahA~ bhI vandana ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai- aisA hama mAna sakate hai| isI prakAra hameM vahA~ vandana ke adhikArI, vandana ke anAdhikArI, vandana ke paccIsa AvazyakoM meM se kucha Avazyaka, vandana ke battIsa doSa Adi ke ullekha bhI milate haiM, kintu isa Avazyaka meM kina-kina sUtroM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai, isakA ullekha hameM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| pratikramaNa Avazyaka meM vardhamAnasUri ne IryApathikI pratikramaNa aticAra, AlocanA, kSAmaNA evaM pratikramaNa sambandhI sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake antargata unhoMne zrAvaka evaM zramaNa ke pratikramaNa sambandhI sabhI sUtroM, yathAiriyAvahIsUtra, tassauttarIsUtra, devasika AloyaNAsUtra, zramaNa evaM zrAvaka sambandhita AlocanAsUtra, gurukSAmaNAsUtra, saMgha Adi se kSamApanA karane kA sUtra, pAkSika pratikramaNa sambandhI kSAmaNAsUtra, zramaNasUtra, zrAvakasUtra, pAkSikasUtra Adi sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA meM pratikramaNa Avazyaka meM kina-kina sUtroM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai, unake pratikramaNasUtra kI pustaka ke anupalabdha hone se isakI tulanA hama nahIM kara pAe hai| yadyapi digambara-paramparA meM bhI pratikramaNa kA tAtparya pApoM se pIche haTanA hI hai, kintu ye kriyA kina sUtroM ke mAdhyama se kI jAe, isakA hameM mUlAcAra meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| sambhAvanA hai ki pratikramaNa granthatrayI jaisI vahA~ pratikramaNa kI pustakeM rahI hoNgii| kAyotsarga Avazyaka kA svarUpa batAte hue vardhamAnasUri ne kAyotsarga Avazyaka meM sannihita sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra kAyA kI gatividhiyoM ko saMyamita karanA aura kAyA ke prati mamatva kA tyAga karanA kAyotsarga hai|061 digambara-paramparA meM bhI kAyotsarga kA abhiprAya parimitakAla hetu zarIra ke prati mamatva kA tyAga karanA hI hai, kintu vardhamAnasUri ne isa Avazyaka ke prArambha meM jisa annatthasUtra kA ullekha kiyA hai, usakA ullekha hameM mUlAcAra grantha meM dekhane ko nahIM milaa| AcAradinakara meM kAyotsarga ke unnIsa doSoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu mUlAcAra meM battIsa doSoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi AcAradinakara meM varNita una 16 doSoM kA ullekha mUlAcAra meM bhI " AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 311, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 762 mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, lekhaka- DaoN. phUlacandra jaina, adhyAya-2, pR.-126, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, prathama saMskaraNa : 1687. 1622.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 367 milatA hai, kintu inake atirikta 14 anya doSoM kA bhI ullekha mUlAcAra meM hai|763 pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka meM vardhamAnasUri ne (1) mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna evaM (2) uttaraguNa pratyAkhyAna- ina do bhedoM kA ullekha karate hue uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna meM dasa prakAra ke pratyAkhyAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| tadanantara antima addhApratyAkhyAna ke punaH navakArasI Adi dasa pratyAkhyAnoM kA ullekha kara unake pratyAkhyAnasUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai|64 digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI hameM mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna evaM uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna ke sAtha-sAtha dasa prakAra ke uttaraguNapratyAkhyAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu vardhamAnasUri ne pratyAkhyAna ke jina dasa prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM se antima do pratyAkhyAnoM-sAMketapratyAkhyAna evaM addhApratyAkhyAna ke sthAna para hameM mUlAcAra meM adhvAnamata evaM sahetuka pratyAkhyAna kA ullekha milatA hai| 55 vardhamAnasUri ne addhApratyAkhyAna ke jina 10 pratyAkhyAnoM kA tathA unake sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, usakA ullekha hameM mUlAcAra meM nahIM milatA hai| AcAradinakara meM hameM pratyAkhyAnazuddhi ke chaH prakAroM (1) zraddhAzuddhi (2) jJAnazuddhi (3) vinayazuddhi (4) anubhASaNazuddhi (5) anupAlanazuddhi evaM (6) bhAvazuddhi kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|066 digambara-paramparA ke mUlAcAra grantha meM hameM jJAnazuddhi ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca zuddhiyoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai| tadanantara AcAradinakara meM ina SaDAvazyakoM kI vidhiyoM kA ullekha huA hai| isa zrRMkhalA meM sarvaprathama unhoMne sAmAyika vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne sarvavirati evaM dezavirati-sAmAyika kI vidhi ke sambandha meM mAtra nirdeza dekara zrAvakoM dvArA jo avazya karaNIya haiM, aise sAmAyika Avazyaka kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra sAmAyika kI saMkSipta vidhi isa prakAra hai- sarvaprathama mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA kreN| phira kramazaH namaskAramaMtra, sAmAyika kA pATha evaM iriyAvahI kreN| phira Asana kI pratilekhanA, svAdhyAya, pratyAkhyAna evaM 763 mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvaya- DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.-365-67, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. * AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 312-313, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama __ saMskaraNa : 1622. 75 mUlAcAra, sampAdakaddhayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.-382-83, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. " AcAradinakara, varSamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 317, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 67 AcAradinakara, varSamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 316, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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368 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI guru tathA sAdhuoM ko vandana kreN| AcAradinakara meM sAmAyika kI isa saMkSipta vidhi kA ullekha karake vardhamAnasUri ne punaH isakI vistRta vyAkhyA bhI kI hai tathA isake sAtha hI pauSadhavidhi kA tathA sAmAyika pArane ke sUtra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| mUlAcAra meM hameM sAmAyika kI vidhi ke sambandha meM itanA hI ullekha milatA hai ki zramaNa ko dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI zuddhipUrvaka aMjuli ko mukulita karake svastha buddhi se sthita hokara athavA ekAgramanapUrvaka tathA AkulatArahita mana se AgamAnusAra kramapUrvaka sAmAyika karanA caahie| 56 isake atirikta isa sambandha meM hameM vahA~ aura koI sUcanA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| pauSadha grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM ullekha nahI milatA hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM varNita pauSadha kI vidhi bhI mAtra pauSadha sambandhI divasa-rAtri kI kriyA ko hI ullekhita karatI hai| usameM pauSadha grahaNa karane aura usake pAraNa kI vidhi nahIM dI gaI hai| ___ tadanantara vardhamAnasUri ne caturviMzatistava kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake antargata unhoMne sarvaprathama sthApanAcArya meM bhagavAna evaM guru kI kalpanA karane tathA sthApanAcArya kA jaghanya, madhyama evaM utkRSTa kitanA parimANa honA cAhie? isakA ullekha karate hue caityavaMdana-vidhi ke tIna prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra namaskAra-pATha dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA jaghanya, pA~cadaMDaka evaM stutiyugala dvArA madhyama evaM pA~cadaMDaka, cArastuti, stavana evaM praNidhAnoM dvArA utkRSTa caityavaMdana hotA hai|66 itanA ullekha karane ke bAda vardhamAnasUri ne ina tInoM vidhiyoM kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke mUlAcAra grantha meM hameM stava kI mAtra itanI hI vidhi milatI hai- zarIra, bhUmi aura citta kI zuddhipUrvaka donoM pairoM meM cAra aMgula ke antara se samapAda khar3e hokara aMjuli joDakara saumyabhAva se stavana karanA cAhie tathA yaha cintana karanA cAhie ki arhat parameSThI jagat ko prakAzita karane vAle uttama kSamAdi dharmatIrtha ke kartA hone se tIrthaMkara kIrtanIya haiM aura kevalajJAna se yukta uttama bodhi dene vAle haiM, 768 mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.-333-34, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvata pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 766 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 324, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : ___ 1622. 70 mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.- 350, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 771 mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.- 335, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 770

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369 vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___369 bhagavAn evaM guru ke rUpa meM sthApanAcArya kI sthApanA Adi karane kA ullekha hameM mUlAcAra meM nahIM milatA hai| tatpazcAt AcAradinakara meM dvAdazAvartta vandana kI vidhi kA ullekha huA hai| sAdhaka ko vandana Avazyaka kI vidhi kaba-kaba karanA cAhie? isakA ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne vandana kI vidhi batAI hai| dvAdazAvatavandana ke lie sarvaprathama sAmAnya vandana kreN| tatpazcAt utkRSTa caityavandana tathA mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA karake dvAdazAvarttavandana kreN| tadanaMtara "icchAkAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan devasiyaM Aloemi"- isa prakAra kahakara punaH dvAdazAvarttavandana kreN| tatpazcAt "icchAkAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan devasiyaM khAmemi"- isa prakAra kSamApanA kreN| punaH dvAdazAvata vandana karake pratyAkhyAna kreN| tatpazcAt AcArya, upAdhyAya, guru evaM anya sAdhuoM ko vandana kreN| isa vidhi meM dvAdazAvatavandana kI vidhi tIna bAra kyoM kI jAtI hai, isake kAraNoM kA bhI vahA~ hameM ullekha milatA hai| mUlAcAra meM vandana kI vidhi isa prakAra se batAI gaI hai- sarvaprathama jisa AcAryAdi jyeSTha zramaNoM kI vandanA kI jAtI hai, unameM tathA vandanakartA ke madhya eka hAtha antarAla rakhakara phira apane zarIrAdi ke sparza se deva kA sparza yA guru ko bAdhA na karate hue kaTi Adi aMgoM kA picchikA se pratilekhana kreN| taba vandanA karane kI anumati prApta kareM- "maiM vandana karanA cAhatA huuN"| unakI svIkRti milane para icchAkAra pUrvaka vandana karanA caahie| isa vidhi ke atirikta hameM vandana kI anya kisI vidhi yA sUtroM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| __isake bAda vardhamAnasUri ne cauthe pratikramaNa Avazyaka kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakaraNa meM sarvaprathama isa bAta kI jAnakArI dI hai ki gamanAgamana kA pratikramaNa kahA~-kahA~ karanA caahie| tatpazcAt prAbhAtika-pratikramaNa kI vidhi nirdiSTa kI hai- iriyAvahI, kusvapna-vizuddhi hetu kAyotsarga, guruvandana, atIta kA pratikramaNa, zakrastava, khar3e hokara sAmAyikadaMDaka bolanA, punaH kAyotsarga karanA, caturviMzatistava bolanA, punaH kAyotsarga karanA, zrutastava bolanA, punaH kAyotsarga karanA, siddhastava bolakara mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA karanA, vandana kara AlocanAsUtra, saMstArakasUtra, vandana, kSamApanAvandana, sAmAyikadaNDaka, kAyotsarga, caturvizatistava, mukhavastrikA kI pratilekhanA, vandana, stutitrika, phira utkRSTa 772 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 324-325, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 773 mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.-368, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvata pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666.

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370 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 774 devavandana evaM zakrastava bolanA- yaha prAbhAtika pratikramaNa kI vidhi hai|777 prAbhAtika pratikramaNa kI saMkSipta vidhi prastuta karake unhoMne punaH usakI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| prasaMgavaza yahA~ granthakAra ne muni kI divasa sambandhI cAra prahara kI vibhinna kriyAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| prAbhAtika-pratikramaNa-vidhi kA ullekha karane ke bAda vardhamAnasUri ne kramazaH daivasika, pAkSika evaM sAMvatsarika-pratikramaNa kI vidhi kA bhI vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| ina vidhiyoM meM thor3A-bahuta antara bhI hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa hama unakI yahA~ carcA nahIM kara rahe haiM, kintu itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki vardhamAnasUri ne inakI bhI vidhi pRthak se AcAradinakara meM ullekhita kI hai| mUlAcAra meM hameM pratikramaNa ke 7 bhedoM kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu vahA~ inake lie pRthak se kisI vidhi kA sUcana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra meM sAmAnya rUpa se pratikramaNa kI jisa vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai- sarvaprathama vinayakarma karake zarIra, Asana Adi kA picchikA se pramArjana va netra se dekhabhAla kara zuddhi kreN| isake bAda Rddhi Adi gaurava tathA jAti Adi sabhI taraha ke mAna chor3akara aMjuli jor3akara vratoM meM hue aticAroM kA guru ke samakSa nivedana kreN| AlocanAbhakti karate samaya kAyotsarga, pratikramaNabhakti karane meM kAyotsarga, vIrabhakti meM kAyotsarga aura caturviMzati tIrthaMkara bhakti meM kAyotsarga-pratikramaNakAla meM ye cAra kRtikarma karane kA vidhAna hai| choTe aparAdha ke samaya yadi guru samIpa na ho, taba vaisI avasthA meM- 'maiM phira aisA kabhI nahIM karUMgA, merA pApa mithyA ho - isa prakAra kA pratikramaNa karanA caahie| mUlAcAra meM pratikramaNa kI hameM yahI vidhi milatI hai| yadyapi daivasika, pAkSika, cAtumArsika, sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa meM kAyotsarga kI saMkhyA kitanI honI cAhie? isakA ullekha hameM avazya kAyotsarga Avazyaka meM milatA hai| bAkI isa sambandha meM aura koI sUcanA hameM vahA~ upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| pratikramaNa Avazyaka ke bAda vardhamAnasUri ne kAyotsarga Avazyaka kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra jinacaitya, zruta, tIrtha, 776 74 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- ar3atIsavA~, pR.- 325, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. * mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR.-373,bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvata pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pra.-362, bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvata pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 777 mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, lekhaka- DaoN. phUlacandra jaina, adhyAya-2, pR.- 116, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, prathama saMskaraNa : 1687. o AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-ar3atIsavA~, pR.-330, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 371 jJAna, darzana, cAritra-ina sabakI pUjA evaM ArAdhanA karane ke lie "vaMdaNavattiyAe6 " kA pATha bolakara kAyotsarga karanA caahie| prAyazcitta-vizodhana, upadrava-nivAraNa, zrutadevatA ke ArAdhana evaM samasta caturnikAya devoM ke ArAdhana hetu "vaMdaNavattiyAe6" pATha kI jagaha mAtra annatthasUtra bolakara hI kAyotsarga kreN| gamanAgamana meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA hetu hamezA caturviMzatistava kA kAyotsarga karanA caahie| isI prakAra prAyazcitta ke vizodhana Adi ke lie kitanI-kitanI bAra caturviMzatistava yA namaskAramaMtra kA smaraNa karanA cAhie? isakA bhI vardhamAnasUri ne spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki sAdhaka ko bAhuyugala nIce karake donoM pairoM meM cAra aMgula ke antara se samapAda evaM nizcala khar3e hokara mana se zarIra ke prati mamatvabuddhi kI nivRtti kara lenA caahie|780 dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva se kAyotsarga aneka sthAnoM meM zakti kI apekSA anekavidha hote haiN| una aneka prakAroM kI carcA bhI mUlAcAra meM milatI hai, kintu kAyotsarga ke samaya kaunasA sUtra bolanA caahie| isakA ullekha hameM mUlAcAra meM nahIM milatA hai| anta meM vardhamAnasUri ne addhApratyAkhyAna ke dasa bhedoM ke pratyAkhyAnasUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, arthAt unakI vidhi (yojanA) batAI hai| mUlAcAra meM hameM pratyAkhyAnavidhi ke rUpa meM ina sUtroM kI carcA nahIM milatI hai| sambhavataH vahA~ mana kI dhAraNA se hI isa Avazyakavidhi ko sampanna kiyA jAtA hogaa| yadyapi pratyAkhyAnazuddhi ke prakAroM kI carcA vahA~ avazya milatI hai, kintu navakArasI Adi pratyAkhyAna kina sUtroM se kareM? isakA hameM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa Avazyakavidhi ke anta meM vardhamAnasUri ne ativyasta nRpa, maMtrI, zreSThI Adi hetu bhI pratikramaNa-vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM isa prakAra alaga se isa pratikramaNa-vidhi kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM huaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM varNita SaDAvazyakoM kI vidhi meM kAphI kucha antara hai, kintu ina SaDAvazyakoM ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM donoM hI paramparAoM kA mata eka samAna hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA ke anya granthoM, yathA- vidhimArgaprapA, sAmAcArI, subodhAsAmAcArI 776 mUlAcAra, sampAdakadvayaH DaoN. phUlacandra jaina evaM DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina, adhikAra- sAtavA~, pR. -388,bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvata pariSad, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 78deg bhagavatI ArAdhanA, saM.-4. kailAzacandra zAstrI, pR.- 381, bAla bra. zrI hIrAlAla khuzAlacaMda dozI,phalaTaNa, (bAkharIkara), prathama saMskaraNa : 1660.

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sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI pravacanasAroddhAra meM bhI hameM ina SaDAvazyakoM meM se kucha AvazyakoM kI vidhiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina granthoM meM varNita vidhiyA~ bhI AcAradinakara meM varNita vidhi ke sadRza hI hai, kintu gacchaparamparA meM bheda hone ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM AMzika bheda dikhAI detA hai| upasaMhAra 372 virATa vizva ke samasta prANI sukha cAhate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai- " savve pANa piyAuA suhasAyA dukkha paDikUlA", samasta prANI cAhe vaha cIMTI ho yA kuMjara (hAthI), daridra mAnava ho yA svargAdhipati indra, sabhI sukha cAhate haiM / duHkha koI nahI cAhatA hai, lekina isa sukha kI prApti kaise ho ? sukha koI vastu to nahIM? jise bAjAra se kharIda liyA jaae| yadi aisA hotA, to saba dhanavAn sukhI hone caahie| unheM kisI prakAra kI koI duHkha kI anubhUti honI hI nahIM cAhie, kyoMki unake pAsa to dhana hai, aura ve dhana se saba kucha kharIda sakate haiM, kintu aisA nahIM hai| sukha apane hI bhItara se prakaTa hotA hai| AtmA hI duHkha-sukha kA karttA hai, koI bhI paravastu use duHkhI yA sukhI nahI banA sakatI hai| isa prakAra AtmA meM hI sukha-duHkha ke bIja chipe hue haiN| usa sukha ko prApta karane ke lie yaha Avazyakavidhi atyanta anivArya hai| jIvita rahane ke lie jisa prakAra zvAsa lenA anivArya hai, usI prakAra AdhyAtmika kSetra meM jIvana ke vikAsa hetu Avazyaka vidhi bhI jarUrI hai| Agama granthoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai782_ "bhavvassa mokkhamaggAhilAsiNo Thiyaguruvaesassa AIe joggamiNaM bAlagilANassa vA''hArA / " jaise bAla aura glAna ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai, vaise hI guru AjJA ke anupAlaka aura mokSAbhilASI bhavya jIvoM ke lie Avazyaka kA anuSThAna Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra yaha vidhi bahuta hI upayogI evaM Avazyaka hai| AcArAMgasUtra, saM.- muni zrI samadarzIjI, sU.- 1/63, pR. 236, AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI, jainAgama prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, prathama saMskaraNa : 1663. 782 bhikSuAgama viSayakoza, pra. sampAdaka- AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 126, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU, prathama saMskaraNa: 1666. 781

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tapa - vidhi tapa - vidhi kA svarUpa 783 787 jisa kriyA dvArA zarIra kA rasa, rUdhira Adi sAta prakAra kI dhAtuoM kI vizuddhi ho, athavA karmasamUha kI nirjarA ho, use tapa kahA jAtA hai| dazavaikAlika kI jinadAsakRta cUrNi784 meM tapa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai"tavoNAma tAvayati aTThavihaM kammagaMThiM nAsetitti buttaM bhavai", arthAt jo ATha prakAra kI karmagranthiyoM ko tapAtA hai, usakA nAza karatA hai, use tapa kahate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI bRhadvRtti 785 meM bhI tapa kI paribhASA ko vivecita karate hue kahA gayA hai- "tapati puropAttakarmANi kSapaNeneti tapo", arthAt jo pUrva upArjita karmoM ko kSINa karatA hai, use tapa kahate hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara - paramparA ke granthoM meM tapa kI aneka paribhASAe~ dI gaI hai| digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM tapa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai- "karmakSayArthaM tapyata iti tapaH 8786, arthAt karmakSaya ke lie jo tapA jAtA hai, vaha tapa kahalAtA hai| rAjavArtika M meM tapa kI paribhASA kucha isa prakAra se dI gaI hai- "karmadahanAtapaH " arthAta jo karma ko bhasma kare, use tapa kahate hai| paM. AzAdharajI 88 ke anusAra mana, indriyA~ aura zarIra ke tapane se, arthAt inakA samyak rUpa se nivAraNa karane se samyagdarzana Adi ko prakaTa karane ke lie icchA ke nirodha ko tapa kahate haiN| vaidika paramparA me tapa kA artha Atmazodhana evaM tapasyA hai| isa prakAra tapa kI vyutpattiparaka aneka paribhASAe~ samaya-samaya para vidvAnoM ne dI hai| vardhamAnasUri ne karma ke nirjarAbhUta tapa kI vidhi kA isa prakaraNa meM varNana kiyA hai| digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM tapa ko saMskArarUpa nahIM, sAdhanArUpa mAnA gayA hai| ina donoM paramparAoM meM hameM vividha tapa sambandhI ullekha milate haiM, jinakI carcA hama yathAsthAna kreNge| Utf PLE 78 taparatnAkara, anu. - cA~damalasIpANI, pR. 7, azoka kumAra golechA, kapar3e ke vyApArI, subhASa cauka, kaTanI, prathama saMskaraNa : 1676. 784 bhikSuAgama zabdakoza ( prathama bhAga ), pradhAna saM. AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 265, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanU prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. bhikSuAgama zabdakoza (dvitIya bhAga), pradhAna saM- AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 265, jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lAMr3anU, prathama saMskaraNa : 1666. 786 jainendra zabdakoza (bhAga-2), jinendravarNI, pR. 'jainendra zabdakoza (bhAga-2), jinendravarNI, pR. 358, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNaH 1667. 358, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, pAMcavA~ saMskaraNaH 1667. anagAra dharmAmRta, anu.- paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, adhyAya 7, pR. 462, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, pA~cava saMskaraNaH 1677. hindUdharmakoza, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR. 265, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1678. Err 373 786

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374 760 isa vidhi ke Alekhana kA mukhya prayojana karmoM kI nirjarA M meM hetubhUta tapa-vidhi kA varNana karanA hai| jIva karma to kara letA hai, kintu unakA kSaya kaise ho? isake lie use kyA karanA cAhie- isakA isa vidhi meM spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| tapa karane se mana duSkarmoM kI tarapha pravRtta nahIM hotA hai tathA AtmA apane mUla zuddhasvarUpa ko prApta karatI hai / dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki cAra jJAna ke dhanI tIrthaMkara paramAtmA jinakA niyata mokSa hone vAlA hai, vaha bhI yaha jAnate hue ki merA mokSa nizcita hai, tapa kA AcaraNa karate hai, isalie bhI tapa kA AcaraNa kiyA jAnA ucita hai / karmoM kA nAza karane ke lie Apta-puruSoM ne jisa AcAra kA pAlana kiyA hai, usakA sarvajIva bhI AcaraNa kareM- isa uddezya se yahA~ tapa - vidhi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI sAmAnyataH tapa karane hetu kisI kAla kA pratibaMdha nahIM hai| koI bhI tapa kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu dIrghAvadhi vAle tapa nirvighna rUpa se pUrNa ho, isa apekSA se bhavika jana zubhamuhUrta meM tapa kA prArambha karate haiN| AcAradinakara meM bhI kahA gayA hai761 ki pratiSThA aura dIkSA meM jo kAla tyAjya batAyA gayA hai, usa kAla meM chaH mAsI tapa, varSI tapa tathA eka mAsa se adhika samaya vAle tapa prArambha nahI karanA caahie| prathamavihAra, tapa, naMdI aura AlocanA meM mRdu, dhruva, cara, kSipra saMjJA vAle nakSatra tathA maMgala evaM zanivAra ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI vAra zubha mAne gae hai| kucha tapa aise bhI haiM, jo tithi vizeSa se sambandha rakhate haiM, ataH una tapoM kA prArambha una tithiyoM se kiyA jAnA caahie| digambara evaM vaidika - paramparA meM hameM tapa ke prArambha ke sambandha meM koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| hA~, jo tapa jina tithiyoM se sambandhita haiM, una-una tithiyoM meM vaha tapa karane ke ullekha avazya milate hai| saMskAra kA karttA - yadyapi tapa kA vahana karttA svayaM hI karatA hai, kintu kucha tapoM kI vidhi nirgrantha muniyoM dvArA karavAI jAtI hai, jaise- upadhAnatapa kA vahana to zrAvaka karatA hai, kintu usakI kriyA nirgranthamuni dvArA karavAI jAtI hai| isI prakAra yogodvahanatapa kA vahana yogavAhI ziSya dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai, tathApi usakI kriyA AcArya Adi dvArA karavAI jAtI hai| digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM isa 1960 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, pR. 363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-unacAlIsavA~, pR.- 335, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : ge, 1622.

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 375 sambandha meM koI nirdeza nahIM milatA hai, para yaha to nizcita hai ki tapa kA vahana to tapavAhI dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai| AcAradinakara meM vardhamAnasUri ne isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI haitapa-vidhi vardhamAnasari ne isa prakaraNa meM sarvaprathama tapa kA mAhAtmya batAte hue isa sambandha meM zivakumAra kA dRSTAnta diyA hai aura kahA hai ki jo vyakti zivakumAra kI taraha gRhasthAzrama meM rahakara bhI tapasyA kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha devasabhA meM bhI kAMti, mahattA aura sphUrti ko prApta karatA hai| isI sandarbha meM naMdiSeNa kA bhI dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| tadanantara bAraha prakAra ke tapa meM se cha: prakAra ke tapoM kA ullekha karate hue unheM tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, jinameM yogopadhAna Adi tapoM kA samUha kevalI dvArA bhASita hai, kalyANaka Adi tapa gItArtha muniyoM dvArA bhASita hai evaM rohiNI Adi tapa kA samUha aihika yA laukika phala kI apekSA vAle tapa kahe gae hai| tatpazcAt sAdhu-sAdhvI evaM samyaktvI zrAvaka ko aihika phala kI apekSA vAle tapa ko karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| isI prasaMga meM tapa karane ke yogya tapavAhI ke lakSaNoM kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai| tapasyA kA Arambha kaba karanA cAhie, tapa karate samaya bIca meM yadi parva tithi kA tapa AtA ho, to kyA karanA cAhie, anAbhoga Adi kAraNoM se tapa kA bhaMga hone para kyA karanA cAhie evaM tithi kI mukhyatA vAle tapa meM kaunasI tithi lenA zreSTha hai- isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| tadanantara anazana Adi chaH prakAra ke bAhya tapoM, navakArasI Adi pratyAkhyAnoM kA ullekha karate hue inameM uttarottara zreSThatA ko darzAyA gayA hai| tapa kA prArambha karane se pUrva vardhamAnasUri ne jinezvara paramAtmA kI aSTaprakArI pUjA karane, vidhipUrvaka pauSTikakarma karane tathA sAdhu bhagavaMta ko pustaka, pAtra Adi kA dAna dene kA nirdeza diyA hai| mUla grantha meM yogodvahana Adi tapoM meM naMdI kI sthApanA karane tathA anya tapoM meM zakrastava bolakara AvazyakAdi kI vAcanA kI vidhi karane kA nirdeza diyA hai tathA isake sAtha udyApana kI mahattA ko batAte hue tapa kA udyApana karane kA bhI nirdeza diyA hai| tadanantara 66 tapoM kA nAmollekha karate hue unakI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| upadhAna tapa, gRhastha kI gyAraha pratimA tapa, bAraha yatipratimA tapa evaM siddhAntayogatapa (yogodvahanatapa) kI vidhi kA ullekha isI grantha ke anya prakaraNoM me kiyA jA cukA hai, isalie inake atirikta anya kula 62 prakAra tapa vidhiyoM kA ullekha isa grantha meM huA hai, jaise- pA~ca indriyajaya tapa-pUrvArddha, ekAsana, nIvi, AyaMbila aura upavAsa- isa prakAra pA~ca dina kramazaH ina pAMca tapoM ko karane se eka indriyajaya kA tapa hotA

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376 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI hai| isa taraha pAMcoM indriyoM ke jaya ke lie pAMca avalI karane se paccIsa dina meM yaha tapa pUrA hotA hai| isa tapa ke udyApana meM jinezvara paramAtmA ke samakSa paccIsa-paccIsa phala, naivedya Adi rakhane caahie| isake sAtha hI mUlagrantha meM isa tapa se sambandhita koSTaka bhI diyA gayA hai| isI prakAra anya sabhI tapoM, yathAkaSAyajayatapa, yogazuddhitapa, dharmacakratapa, aSTAhnikAtapadvaya, karmasUdanatapa, kalyANatapa, jJAnadarzanacAritratapa, cAMdrAyaNatapa, vardhamAnatapa, paramabhUSaNatapa, jinadIkSA-jJAna-nirvANatapa, anodarikAtapa, saMlekhanAtapa, sarvasaMkhyA mahAvIratapa, kanakAvalItapa, ratnAvalItapa, muktAvalItapa, laghu evaM bRhada siMha niSkrIDitatapa, bhadratapa, mahAbhadratapa, bhadrottaratapa, sarvatobhadratapa, guNaratna saMvatsaratapa, gyAraha aMgatapa, saMvatsaratapa, naMdIzvaratapa, puMDarIkatapa, mANikya prastArikAtapa, padamottaratapa, samavasaraNatapa, vIragaNadharatapa, azokavRkSatapa, eka sau sattara jinatapa, navakAratapa, caudaha pUrvatapa, caturdazItapa, ekAvalItapa, dazavidha yatidharmatapa, paMcaparameSThItapa, laghupaMcamItapa, bRhatpaMcamItapa, caturvidha saMghatapa, ghanatapa, mahAghanatapa, vargatapa, zreNItapa, pA~ca merUtapa, battIsa kalyANakatapa, cyavanatapa, janmatapa, sUryAyaNatapa, lokanAlItapa, kalyANaka aSTAhnakatapa, AyaMbila vardhamAnatapa, mAghamAlAtapa, mahAvIratapa, lakSa pratipadatapa, sarvAMgasundaratapa, nirUja zikhatapa, saubhAgyakalpavRkSatapa, damayaMtItapa, Ayatijanakatapa, akSayanidhitapa, mukuTasaptamItapa, ambAtapa, zrutadevItapa, rohiNItapa, mAtRtapa, sarvasukhasaMpattitapa, aSTApadapAvaDItapa, mokSadaNDatapa, aduHkhadarzI tapadvaya, gautamapaDaghAtapa, nirvANadIpatapa, amRtASTamItapa, akhaNDadazamItapa, paratrapAlItapa, sopAnatapa, karmacaturthatapa, navakAratapa (choTA) avidhavA dazamItapa, bRhadnaMdyAvarta tapa evaM laghunaMdyAvartta kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha mUlagrantha meM kiyA gayA hai, kintu sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa hama unakA ullekha nahIM kara rahe hai| kaunasA tapa AgAr3ha yA anAgAr3ha hai tathA kauna-kauna se tapa sAdhu ke dvArA evaM kaunase tapa zrAvaka dvArA karaNIya hai- isakA bhI vahA~ ullekha huA hai| anta meM sAdhuoM ke tapa kA udyApana bhI karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki jina tapoM meM udyApana kriyA hotI hai una tapoM ko sAdhuoM evaM zrAvakoM ko eka sAtha karanA cAhie, tAki sAdhuoM ke tapa kA udyApana bhI zrAvaka apane sAtha kara skeN| tulanAtmaka vivecana zvetAmbara-paramparA meM hameM tapa-vidhAna ke ullekha aneka granthoM meM milate haiM, yathA- antakRtdaMzAga, aupapAtikasUtra, paMcAzakaprakaraNa pravacanasAroddhAra, vidhimArgaprapA, tilakAcArya -viracita sAmAcArI aadi| ina sabhI granthoM meM hameM una-una tapoM kI vidhi kA vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai tathA ina saba meM varNita tapavidhi eka jaisI hI hai, mAtra hameM antakRttdazAMga evaM aupapAtikasUtra meM varNita

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 762 kanakAvalI evaM ratnAvalItapa kI vidhi meM kucha bheda dikhAI diyA, vaha yaha hai kipravacanasAroddhAra, AcAradinakara Adi meM ratnAvalI ke nAma se vivecita tapavidhi ko vahA~ kanakAvalI tapa ke nAma se evaM kanakAvalItapa ko ratnAvalI tapa ke nAma se vivecita kiyA hai| mAtra itanA hI bheda hameM ina vidhiyoM meM dRSTigata huaa| digambara- paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI hameM AcAradinakara meM ullekhita kucha tapavidhiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu unakI tapavidhi meM kucha bhinnatA hai, yadyapi nAma eka jaise hI haiN| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM varNita tapa jaina paramparA kI tapavidhiyoM se bahuta bhinna hai| vahA~ hameM jaina paramparA ke sadRza koI tapa dekhane ko nahIM milA / hA~, vahA~ hameM cAMdrayANa tapa ke rUpa meM yavamadhyacAMdrayANatapa evaM vajramadhyacAMdrayANatapa kA ullekha avazya milatA hai / " usameM bhI kavala kA vahI pariNAma haiM, jo zvetAmbara - paramparA ke granthoM meM varNita hai, kintu usa tapa meM vahA~ homa Adi karane kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jo hameM jaina - paramparA ke grantha meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| 763 764 _765 vardhamAnasUri ne tapa - vidhi kA ullekha karate hue tapa ke mAhAtmya ko batAyA hai ki jo atyanta duHsAdhya haiM, jo duHkha - kaSTasAdhya haiM tathA jo dUrastha haiMve saba vastue~ tapasyA ke dvArA hI sAdhya hotI haiN| isI prasaMga meM vardhamAnasUri ne zivakumAra evaM naMdISeNa brAhmaNa kA dRSTAMta bhI diyA hai, jinhoMne tapa ke prabhAva se devoM meM mahattA ko prApta kiyaa| digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI hameM tapa ke mAhAtmya kA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra nirdoSa tapa se jo prApta na hogA, aisA padArtha jagat meM nahIM hai, arthAt tapa se puruSa ko sarva uttama padArthoM kI prApti hotI hai| jaise prajvalita agni tRNa ko jalAtI hai, vaise hI taparUpa agni karmarUpa tRNa ko jalAtI hai| uttama prakAra se kiyA gayA aura karmAnavarahita tapa kA phala -varNana karane meM hajAra jivhAvAle zeSAdi deva bhI samartha nahIM hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI tapa ke mAhAtmya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 762 763 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-tRtIya), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-5, pR. lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1675. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-caturtha), pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya- 13, pR. lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1673. 76 377 antakRtdazAMgasUtra saM.- 8/1/2-8/2/5, madhukaramuni, AgamaprakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.), dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1660. 765 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, anu. - paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, sUtra saM. 1467-68, bAla. bra. zrI hIrAlAla, khuzAlacanda dozI, phalaTaNa ( vAkharIkara), prathama saMskaraNa : 1660. 1084, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, 126, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna,

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378 766 isake bAda vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM varNita 66 vidhiyoM ko tIna vibhAgoM- (1) kevalIprarUpita tapa ( 2 ) gItArtha munivaroM dvArA prajJapta tapa evaM ( 3 ) aihikaphala kI prApti hetu kie jAne vAle tapa meM vibhakta karake kauna se tapa sAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA kie jAne cAhie evaM kauna se tapa zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM dvArA kie jAne cAhie- isakA ullekha kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI vahA~ tapavAhI ke lakSaNoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM hameM isa prakAra ke ullekha dekhane ko nahIM mile| tapa karate samaya bIca meM yadi parvatithi kA tapa AtA ho, to usa bar3e tapa ko na karake usa parvatithi ke tapa ko karanA cAhie yA pUrva se ArAdhita usa bar3e tapa ko karanA cAhie? isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki eka tapa ke madhya meM yadi dUsarA tapa bhI karaNIya ho, to aisI sthiti meM jo tapa bar3A ho, vahI karanA caahie|' 767 yahA~ kaunase tapa se kaunasA tapa bar3A hai, isakA ullekha bhI vardhamAnasUri ne prasaMgAnusAra kiyA hai| anAbhogAdi kAraNoM se yadi tapa kA bhaMga ho jAe, to usakI AlocanA kaise kareM tathA tithi kI mukhyatA vAle tapa meM kaunasI tithi ko tapa kareM? isakA bhI hameM vahA~ vistRta ullekha milatA hai| digambara - paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM ina tapoM ke vidhi-vidhAna ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI nahI milatI, kintu aneka sandarbhoM meM vahA~ bhI tapa kI vidhi pratipAdita hai / tithi se sambandhita tapoM meM se bhI kucha tapoM ke ullekha milate haiN| vaidika-paramparA meM hameM tithi ke sambandha meM kucha ullekha avazya milate haiM, kintu vahA~ bhI vaidika-vidvAnoM meM isa sambandha meM paraspara matabheda dekhA jAtA hai| vistArabhaya se vaha sabhI carcA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI tatpazcAt vardhamAnasUri ne tapa se pUrva kyA-kyA kiyA jAnA cAhie tathA tapa kA udyApana kisa prakAra se kiyA jAnA cAhie aura udyApana kA kyA mahatva hai ? isakA ullekha kiyA hai| digambara - paramparA meM hameM tapa prArambha karane se pUrva jinezvara paramAtmA kI aSTa prakArI pUjA, pauSTika - karma, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko dAna dene kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu digambara- paramparA ke granthoM meM tapoM ke udyApana karane sambandhI ullekha avazya milate haiN| 768 766 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya- unacAlisavA~, pR.- 335, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-unacAlisavA~, pR. 335, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 1622. 768 kriyAkoSa, anu.- paM. pannAlAla jaina, pR. 20-21, manubhAI modI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, boriyA, prathama saMskaraNa : 1685. 767

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varthamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 379 tadanantara vardhamAnasUri ne vibhinna tapoM kI vidhiyA~ prajJapta kI haiN| AcAradinakara meM varNita tapavidhiyoM meM se aneka tapa ke ullekha hameM digambara-paramparA ke granthoM me milate haiM, jaise-86 ratnatrayavrata, akSayanidhivrata, ekAvalItapa, ratnAvalItapa, kanakAvalItapa, muktAvalItapa, mukuTasaptamItapa, siMhaniSkrIDitatapa, paMcakalyANakatapa aadi| digambara-paramparA meM varNita ina tapoM ke nAmollekha to AcAradinakara meM varNita nAmoM ke sadRza hI haiM, kintu inakI vidhiyoM meM antara bhI dRSTigata hai| kucha vidhiyA~ aisI bhI haiM, jo AcAradinakara meM varNita vidhi kI bhA~ti haiM, jaise-candrAyaNatapa (yavamadhyacAndrAyaNatapa) kI vidhi AcAradinakara meM varNita yavamadhyacAndrAyaNa kI bhA~ti hI hai vahA~ mAtra itanA pharka hai ki prArambha meM amAvasyA ke dina upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai tathA aMta meM amAvasyA ke dina pAraNA AtA hai, jabaki AcAradinakara meM amAvasyA ke dina upavAsa karane kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| isa prakAra kucha tapavidhiyA~ aisI haiM, jo hameM donoM paramparAoM ke madhya AMzika bheda ko hI sUcita karatI hai, kintu kucha tapavidhiyA~ aisI haiM, jo donoM hI paramparAoM meM alaga-alaga hai, jaise-AcAradinakara ke anusAra samavasaraNatapa kI ArAdhanA ke lie zrAvaNa kRSNapakSa yA bhAdrapada kRSNapakSa ekama ko tapa kA prArambha karake apanI zakti ke anusAra solaha dina taka biyAsanA' yA ekAsanA02 kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha tapa cAra varSa taka kiyA jAtA hai,03 jabaki digambara-paramparA meM samavasaraNatapa kI ArAdhanA hetu zukla evaM kRSNa-donoM pakSoM kI caturdaziyoM ke caubIsa upavAsa zIlavratasahita kie jAte haiN|04 digambara-paramparAnusAra yaha tapa mAtra eka varSa meM hI pUrA ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara-paramparA kI tapa-vidhi meM kahIM AMzika bheda dikhAI detA hai, to kahIM atyadhika vaividhya bhI dRSTigata hotA hai, kintu kucha meM samAnatA bhI hai| 766 kriyAkoSa, anu.- paM. pannAlAla jaina, pR.- 21, manubhAI modI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, boriyA, prathama saMskaraNa : 1685. 800 kriyAkoSa, anu.- paM. pannAlAla jaina, pR.- 280, manubhAI modI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, boriyA, prathama saMskaraNa : 1685. 80 biyAsanA arthAt dina meM mAtra do bAra eka Asana meM baiThakara AhAra krnaa| 802 ekAsanA arthAt dina meM mAtra eka bAra eka Asana meM baiThakara AhAra krnaa| AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-unacAlIsavA~, pR.- 335, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 80kriyAkoSa, anu.- paM. pannAlAla jaina, pR.- 255, manubhAI modI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, boriyA, prathama saMskaraNa : 1685.

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380 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI upasaMhAra ____ AtmA ke pariNAmoM ko nirmala karane hetu tapa atyanta Avazyaka hai, kyoMki tapa ke dvArA hI vyakti apane karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai| tapa mAtra karmoM kI nirjarA kA hI hetu nahIM hai, varan saMvara kA bhI hetu hai| jaisAki tatvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki "tapasAnirjarA ca," arthAt tapa se nirjarA bhI hotI hai,05 arthAt tapa se saMvara aura nirjarA donoM hote haiN| karmoM kI nirjarA evaM saMvara kie binA jIva anantacatuSTaya ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai, isalie jJAnAdi anaMtacatuSTaya kI prApti karane ke lie tapa kI ArAdhanA karanA Avazyaka hai| tapa se sabhI arthoM kI siddhi hotI hai tathA AtmA svarNa ke samAna camakane lagatI hai| rAjavArtika06 meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "tapaH sarvArtha saadhnm| tata eva RddhayaH sNjaaynte| tapasvibhiradhyuSitAnyeva kSetrANi loke tiirthtaamupgtaani| tadyasya na vidyate sa tRnnaallghurlkssyte| muMcanti taM sarve gunnaaH| nAsau muMcati saMsAram," arthAt tapa se sabhI arthoM kI siddhi hotI hai, isase RddhiyoM kI prApti hotI hai| tapasviyoM kI caraNaraja se pavitrasthAna hI tIrtha bane haiN| jo tapa kA AcaraNa nahIM karatA hai, vaha tinake se bhI laghu hai| use saba guNa chor3a dete haiM tathA vaha saMsAra se mukta nahI hotA hai| isa prakAra saMsAra se mukta hone ke lie tapa eka mAdhyama hai| svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI tapa kA jIvana meM anUThA sthAna hai| TAiphAiDa ke viSama jvara ke samaya mAnava ko laMghana karAyA jAtA hai, yaha eka prakAra kA tapa jaisA hI hai| vaha jabarana karAyA jAtA hai, kintu jaba usakA pariNAma sAmane AtA hai, to vaha hameM kalyANakArI lagane lagatA hai| isa prakAra tapa pAralaukika dRSTi se hI nahIM, varan aihika dRSTi se bhI upayogI hai| padAropaNa vidhi padAropaNa-vidhi kA svarUpa - yahA~ pada zabda kA tAtparya hai- sammAnajanaka sthAna, padavI aadi| jisa vidhi ke dvArA kisI vyakti ko koI padavI yA koI sammAnajanaka sthAna pradAna 805 svataMtratA ke sUtra, AcAryakanakanaMdI, sUtra saM.- 6/3, dharmadarzana vijJAna zodha prakAzana, nikaTa, digambara jaina, atithi bhavana, bar3auta (meraTha), prathama saMskaraNa : 1662. 06 jainendra zabdakoza (bhAga-1), jinendravarNI, pR.- 362, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, chaThavA~ saMskaraNaH 1667.

Page #385
381 varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai, use padAropaNa-vidhi kahate haiN| pada kA eka artha prApta karanA bhI hai| isa artha meM yadi isa zabda kI vyAkhyA kI jAe, to padAropaNa-vidhi eka aisI prakriyA hai, jisase vyakti usa pada se sambandhita adhikAroM ko prApta karatA hai| vardhamAnasUri ne isa prakaraNa meM na kevala sAdhuoM kI padAropaNa-vidhi kA hI ullekha kiyA hai, varan brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra, mahAzUdra, kArU evaM pazuoM kI padAropaNa-vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM sAdhuoM ke AcArya padAropaNa vidhi kA ullekha milatA hai, jisakI tulanA hamane AcAryapadasthApana-vidhi se kI hai| gacchanAyaka Adi kI padAropaNavidhi kA hameM vahA~ koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI hameM saMnyAsiyoM ke maThAdhIza, maNDalezvara, mahAmaNDalezvara Adi ke padAropaNa kI vidhi kA pracalana to milatA hai, kintu hameM tatsambandhI grantha upalabdha nahIM hue| bAhmaNa Adi vargoM meM se kucha varSoM kI padAropaNa-vidhi kA ullekha vardhamAnasUri ne avazya kiyA hai, jisakI hama yathA-sthAna carcA kreNge| padAropaNa-vidhi ke atirikta isI vidhi meM vardhamAnasUri ne mudrA-vidhi evaM nAmakaraNa-vidhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai|pdaaropnn-vidhi kA mukhya prayojana vibhinna padoM para yogya vyaktiyoM ko sthApita karanA hai| kisI saMgha yA samAja kI sudRr3ha vyavasthA ke lie eka mukhya vyakti kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki svAmI ke abhAva meM saMgha kA saMcAlana sucArU rUpa se nahIM ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha svAmI kaisA ho, kina guNoM se yukta ho, yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki yogya svAmI hI sabhI kA yogakSema kara sakatA hai| isa vidhi kA prayojana yogya svAmI kA cayana karake use pada para abhisikta karanA hai| gacchAdhipati Adi kI padAropaNa-vidhi kaba aura kisakI kI jAnI cAhie, isake sambandha meM AcAradinakara meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vizuddha kula, jAti evaM cAritra vAlA ho, vidhipUrvaka jisane cAritra ko grahaNa kiyA ho, yogoM kA udvahana kiyA ho, AcArya ke chattIsa guNoM se yukta ho tathA vidhikrama se jisaneM AcArya pada ko prApta kiyA ho-aise AcArya ko08 AcArya-padocita lagna ke Ane para 06 gacchanAyaka pada para Aropita karanA caahie| isI prakAra anya padoM ke sambandha meM bhI vardhamAnasUri ne una padoM ke yogya guNoM evaM muhUrta kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM bhI rAjyAbhiSeka Adi padoM hetu zubhamuhUrta Adi dekhane CON AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikata, pR.- 363, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 808 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cAlIsavA~, pR.- 374, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 806 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cAlIsavA~, pR.- 374-375, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

Page #386
382 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu kinhIM vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM zubhamuhUrta dekhe binA bhI rAjyAbhiSeka karane ke nirdeza bhI milate haiN| viSNudharmottara meM kahA gayA hai ki rAjA ke mara jAne para uttarAdhikArI ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke lie kisI zubha ghar3I kI pratIkSA nahIM karanI cAhie, kintu dUsarI ora rAjanItiprakAza ke anusAra rAjA ke mara jAne para uttarAdhikArI ko mukuTa eka varSa ke bAda pahanAnA caahie| saMskAra kA karttA AcAradinakara ke anusAra gacchanAyaka padAropaNa kI vidhi svaguru athavA vayovRddha, jJAnavRddha gItArtha ke dvArA, jaina brAhmaNa AcArya-pada Adi kI vidhiyA~, yati AcArya athavA AcArya-pada ko prApta brAhmaNa dvArA karavAI jAtI hai| vaidika-paramparA meM AcArya-padAropaNa kI vidhi AcAryAdi dvArA tathA rAjyAbhiSeka Adi padAropaNa kI vidhi rAjapurohita Adi dvArA karavAI jAtI hai| vardhamAnasUri ne AcAradinakara meM isakI nimna vidhi prastuta kI haipadAropaNa kI vidhi isa vidhi meM sarvaprathama gacchanAyaka ke padAropaNa kI vidhi kA ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne gacchanAyaka-pada ke yogya muni ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| tadanantara gacchanAyaka padAropaNa kI vidhi se pUrva kyA kareM? isakA ullekha karate hue gacchanAyaka- pada vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| AcArya-padocita lagna ke Ane para svaguru athavA anya vayovRddhAcArya vAsacUrNa ko abhimaMtrita karake usa AcArya ke sira para DAlate haiM tathA gaNadhara vidyA se tilaka karate haiN| caturvidhasaMgha bhI parameSThImaMtrapUrvaka candana dvArA tilaka, athavA vAsakSepa karate haiN| tatpazcAt guru dvArA AzIrvAda pradAna karane para sabhI usa AcArya para abhimaMtrita vAsacUrNa evaM akSata nikSepita karate haiN| tadanantara vandana-vidhi karate haiN| isake atirikta upAdhyAya, sAdhu Adi ko gaNAnujJA dete samaya gaNAnujJA sambandhI jo kathana hai, vaha vAcanAnujJA adhikAra meM dRSTavya hai| padAropAdhikAra meM yati-padAropaNa kI yaha vidhi batAI gaI hai| tadanantara viproM kI padAropaNa-vidhi batAI gaI hai| vinoM meM AcArya, upAdhyAya, sthAnapati evaM karmAdhikArI-ye cAra prakAra ke pada hote haiN| viprAcArya kI * dekhe- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-dvitIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-3, pR.- 611, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1673. " AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cAlIsavA~, pR.- 376, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

Page #387
383 varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vidhi kA ullekha karate hue sarvaprathama usake lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| tadanantara sUripada ke lie ucita lagna ke Ane para yatiguru athavA gRhasthAcArya pUrvokta guNoM se yukta, brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karane vAle usa gRhastha vipra ko, jisakA bhaMdrakaraNa-saMskAra kiyA jA cukA ho aura mAtra zikhAdhArI ho evaM uttarAsaMga se yukta usa uttama guNa vAle brAhmaNa ko pauSTikakarma pUrvaka jaina brAhmaNa AcArya-pada kI vidhi kraae| isake lie sarvaprathama usa vipra ko samavasaraNa kI tIna pradakSiNA dilavAkara, devavandana, zrutadevatA Adi ke kAyotsarga evaM stuti karavAkara samyaktvadaNDaka evaM dvAdazavratoM kA uccAraNa kraae| tadanantara lagnavelA ke Ane para guru kisa prakAra se gautamamaMtra sahita SoDazAkSarI parameSThI mahAvidyA pradAna kara, vAsakSepa kare, Adi kA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha huA hai| jaina brAhmaNa AcArya kI yaha vidhi pUrNa hone ke bAda guru kisa prakAra se use anujJA de tathA ziSya guru kA kina vastuoM se sammAna kare? isakA bhI vardhamAnasUri ne ullekha kiyA hai| isI prakAra isa prakaraNa meM jaina brAhmaNa kI upAdhyAyapada vidhi, sthAnapatipada vidhi, karmAdhikArIpada vidhi, kSatriyoM kI rAjapada vidhi, sAmantapadavidhi, maNDalezvarapadavidhi, dezamaNDalAdhipatividhi, grAmAdhipatipadavidhi, maMtrIpada vidhi, senApatipadavidhi, karmAdhikArIpadavidhi, vaizyoM evaM zUdroM kI zreSThipadavidhi, sArthavAha padavidhi, gRhapatipadavidhi, mahAzUdra evaM kArUoM kI padAropaNa-vidhi, pazuoM ke padAropaNa kI vidhi, saMghapati-padAropaNavidhi Adi kA bhI mUlagrantha meM vistAra se ullekha huA hai| sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa hama unakI carcA yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| mudrA-vidhi tadanantara pratiSThA Adi kRtyoM meM upayogI 42 prakAra kI mudrA-vidhi kA ullekha huA hai| ina 42 mudrAoM ke atirikta kucha anya mudrAoM kI vidhi kA ullekha bhI mUlagrantha meM huA hai| yahA~ mUlagrantha meM jina mudrA-vidhiyoM kA ullekha huA hai, unake nAmollekha isa prakAra haiM- parameSThImudrA, mudgaramudrA, vajramudrA, garUr3amudrA, jinamudrA, muktAzuktimudrA, aMjalimudrA, surabhimudrA, padmamudrA, cakramudrA, saubhAgyamudrA, yathAjAtamudrA, ArAtrikamudrA, vIramudrA, vinItamudrA, prArthanAmudrA, parazumudrA, chatramudrA, priyaMkarImudrA, gaNadharamudrA, yogamudrA, kacchapamudrA, dhanuHsaMdhAnamudrA, yonimudrA, daNDamudrA, siMhamudrA, zaktimudrA, zaMkhamudrA, pAzamudrA, khaDgamudrA, kuntamudrA, vRkSamudrA, zAlmakImudrA, kandukamudrA, nAgaphaNamudrA, mAlAmudrA, patAkAmudrA, ghaNTamudrA, yathAjAtamudrA, mokSakalpalatAmudrA, kalpavRkSamudrA aadi|

Page #388
384 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI nAmakaraNa vidhi tadanantara vardhamAnasUri ne nAmakaraNa-vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| nAma kI kyA upayogitA hai, zAstra meM kitane prakAra ke nAma batAe gae hai, kaunase nAma prazasta haiM tathA prAcInakAla meM jaina sAdhusaMsthA meM nAma kI kyA vyavasthA thI? isakA ullekha bhI isa prakaraNa meM prasaMgavaza huA hai| isake sAtha hI mUlagrantha meM yoni-vaira, nakSatroM ke gaNa, vairASTaka kA ullekha karate hue-(1) yoni (2) varga (3) labhyAlabhya (4) gaNa (5) rAzi bheda ke anusAra nAma rakhane ke lie kahA gayA hai| tadanantara sAdhuoM ke nAma ke pUrva ke padoM yathA- deva, guNa, zubha, Agama, jina, kIrti Adi tathA uttarapadoM yathA- zazAMka, kumbha, zaila, abdhi, kumAra Adi kA ullekha huA hai| sAdhviyoM ke nAma ke pUrvapada yatiyoM ke samAna hI hote haiM, tathA uttarapada mati, cUlA, prabhA, devI, labdhi, siddhi, vatI hote haiN| pravartinI evaM mahattarA ke nAma, vidvAna viproM ke nAma, kSatriyoM ke nAma ke pUrvapada evaM uttara pada tathA vaizya, zUdra, kArUoM ke nAma evaM pazuoM ke nAma kaise hoM? isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| __ isa vidhi kI vistRta jAnakArI hetu mere dvArA anuvAdita AcAradinakara grantha ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| tulanAtmaka vivecana AcAradinakara ke isa prakaraNa meM varNita padAropaNa kI vidhiyoM meM se hameM do vidhiyoM, yathA-AcAryapadAbhiSeka, rAjyAbhiSeka ina do vidhiyoM kA ullekha milA hai, jinakI tulanA hama yahA~ kreNge| anya padAropaNa kI vidhiyoM, yathA-gacchanAyakapadavidhi, jaina brAhmaNa upAdhyAyapadavidhi, sthAnapati-padAropaNa Adi vidhiyoM ke ullekha hameM, upalabdha vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM me dekhane ko nahIM mile| dharmazAstra ke itihAsa meM maMtrI,12 senApati 13 Adi ke guNoM kA ullekha to avazya milatA hai, kintu unameM padAropaNa kI vidhi nahIM dI gaI hai| ____ AcAradinakara meM viproM kI AcAryapadavidhi kA ullekha karate hae vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama jaina brAhmaNa ke AcArya-pada ke yogya lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| 12 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-dvitIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmanakANe, adhyAya-4, pR.- 625, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1673. 3 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-dvitIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-4, pR.- 635, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1673.

Page #389
vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 385 vardhamAnasUri ke anusAra jaina brAhmaNoM kA AcArya pavitra kulavAlA, dvAdazavrata kA dhAraka, anya devoM tathA anya liMgioM ko praNAma na karane vAlA, unake sAtha saMbhASaNa na karane vAlA, unakI paiMzasA na karane vAlA, sAvadha vyApAra kA tyAgI, duSpratigraha se rahita, nitya navakArasI Adi pratyAkhyAna karane vAlA, Adi guNoM se yukta hotA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke agnipurANa 15 Adi granthoM kI AcAryapadAbhiSeka vidhiyoM meM hameM viprAcArya ke guNoM (lakSaNoM) kA varNana nahIM milatA hai, kyoMki vahA~ AcAryapada vaMzaparamparAgata calatA hai, isalie sambhava hai ki vahA~ isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA na kI gaI ho| AcAradinakara ke anusAra pUrvokta guNoM se yukta, brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karane vAle usa vipra ko, jisakA bhadrAkaraNa-saMskAra kiyA jA cukA ho aura jo mAtra zikhAdhArI evaM uttarAsaMga se yukta ho, aise uttama guNa vAle brAhmaNa ko muhUrta ke Ane para pauSTikakarma pUrvaka caitya, upAzraya, gRha, udyAna athavA tIrtha meM vAmapArzva meM sthApita karake samavasaraNa kI tIna pradakSiNA karavAnI caahie| tatpazcAt kisa prakAra se devavandana kareM, kina-kina devatAoM kA kAyotsarga evaM stuti kareM tathA lagna samaya ke Ane para ziSya kisa prakAra se SoDazAkSarI parameSThI mahAvidyA kA grahaNa kare? isakA bhI AcAradinakara meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt ziSya guru evaM samavasaraNa kI pradakSiNA lagAkara zakrastava kA pATha kareM tathA yatiguru ho, to dvAdazAvarttavandana athavA gRhastha guru ko daNDavat praNAma kre| AcArya ziSya ko kisa prakAra se vAsakSepa de, kisa prakAra se vedamaMtra kA uccAraNa kareM, evaM pauSTikadaNDaka bole - isakA bhI mUlagrantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa vidhi ke anta meM guru kisa prakAra se ziSya ko vividha vidhi-vidhAna karane yA karavAne kI anujJA de, isakA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| agnipurANa meM hameM AcAryAbhiSeka kI itanI lambI prakriyA kA ullekha nahI milatA hai| agnipurANa ke anusAra miTTI ke kalazoM ko jo ki sundara ratnoM se samanvita ho, madhya aura pUrva Adi meM nyasta karanA caahie| ye kumbha sahasra athavA zatavatI hone caahie| maNDapa meM jo maNDala hai, usameM bhagavAn viSNu ko pITha para prAcI tathA aizAnI * AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cAlIsavA~, pR.- 376, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. * agnipurANa, saM.-paM. zrIrAma zarmA, adhyAya-135, pR.- 183, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, vedanagara, barelI, saMzodhita saMskaraNa : 1657. 16 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cAlIsavA~, pR.- 376, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 8% agnipurANa, saM.-paM. zrIrAma zarmA, adhyAya-135, pR.- 183, saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, vedanagara, barelI, saMzodhita saMskaraNa : 1687.

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386 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI dizAoM meM nivezita kareM evaM sAdhikAdi putra ko saMkalita karake gItagAnapUrvaka abhiSeka-abhyarcana kareM tathA yogapITha Adi pradAna kreN| vaidika-paramparA meM AcAryAbhiSeka kI hameM itanI hI vidhi milatI hai| rAjyAbhiSeka kI vidhi kA ullekha karate hue vardhamAnasUri ne sarvaprathama nRpati ke yogya lakSaNoM kI vistAra se carcA kI hai| vardhamAnasari ke anusAra 18 vizuddha kSatriya kula meM janmA huA, krama se rAjya kA adhikAra rakhane vAlA, sampUrNa aMgopAMga vAlA, kSamAvAn dAtA, dhairyavAna, buddhizAlI, zUravIra, kRtajJa, aThAraha prakAra kI vidyAoM meM pravINa, Adi guNoM se yukta kSatriya nRpati pada ke yogya hotA hai| vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI rAjapada ke yogya kSatriya ke guNoM kI vistRta carcA huI hai| yAjJavalkyasmRti ke anusAra rAjA ko zaktimAna, dayAlu, dUsaroM ke atIta karmoM kA jAnakAra, tapa, jJAna evaM anubhava vAloM para Azrita, anuzAsita mana vAlA, acche-bure bhAgya meM samAna svabhAva rakhane vAlA, Adi guNoM se yukta honA caahie| kauTila ne rAjA ke guNoM kI sUcI kaI dRSTikoNoM se upasthita kI hai| usameM sabase pahale aise guNoM kA varNana hai, jisake dvArA rAjA logoM ke hRdaya ko jIta sake, yathA-kulInatA, dharmaparAyaNatA, aadi| tatpazcAt rAjA ke buddhi - viSayaka guNa, utsAha Adi kI carcA kI gaI hai| ___ kSatriya ke rAjyAbhiSeka se pUrva sarvaprathama zAntika-pauSTikakarma karanA caahie|" rAjyAbhiSeka kisa muhUrta meM karanA cAhie? isakA bhI ullekha AcAradinakara meM milatA hai| zubha muhUrta meM pUrvokta guNoM se yukta rAjaputra ko bRhatsnAtravidhi ke snAtrajala evaM sauSadhi se yukta jala se mahotsavapUrvaka snAna karavAkara zvetavastra, uttarAsaMga, AbharaNa Adi dhAraNa krvaaeN| tatpazcAt sadhavA evaM putravAn striyoM dvArA lAe gae, ratnajaTita sundara Asana para use paryaMkAsana meM baiThAeM aura vividha vAdyoM kI dhvaniyA~ kareM tathA lagna-samaya ke Ane para gRhastha guru samasta tIrthoM ke jala se vedamaMtroM ke dvArA evaM yatiguru sUrimaMtra, valayamaMtra Adi dvArA use abhisiMcita kre| yati guru evaM gRhastha guru kina maMtroM se nRpati ko tilaka kare, mukuTa ke nIce bhAla para kisa prakAra se tIna rekhAoM se yukta 18 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cAlIsavA~, pR.- 377, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. * dekhe- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-dvitIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-2, pR.- 567, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1673. 820 dekhe- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-dvitIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMgavAmanakANe, adhyAya-2, pR.- 567, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1673. (2" AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cAlIsavA~, pR.- 377, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmbe, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622.

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 387 ratnajaTita suvarNapaTTa ko bAMdhe, anya rAjA, sAmanta Adi kisa krama se tilaka kareM tathA upahAra meM kyA vastue~ pradAna kareM, yatiguru athavA gRhastha guru kisa prakAra se pauSTikadaNDaka kA pATha bole, rAjacihnoM kI kina maMtroM se pUjA karake una se kisa prakAra rAjA ko suzobhita kareM? isakA bhI ullekha AcAradinakara meM kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt yati guru athavA gRhastha guru rAjA ko zikSA pradAna karane se pUrva kucha niyama dete haiM, yathA- deva, guru, dvija, kula, jyeSTha evaM sAdhu-saMnyAsI ko chor3akara tuma anya kisI ko namaskAra mata karanA, kisI ke hAthoM se chuA huA AhAra mata khAnA, anya kisI ke sAtha bhojana bhI mata karanA ityaadi| ye niyama dene ke bAda guru kisa prakAra se nRpati ko nIti-zikSA deM isakA ullekha karate hue prasaMgavaza yahA~ para rAjacinoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-parampara ke agnipurANa nAmaka grantha meM bhI hameM ukta kriyAoM meM se kucha kriyAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise- rAjA ko snAna karAnA, bhadrAsana para baiThAnA, zAntikarma karanA, rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya gAna evaM vAdyayantroM ko bajAnA, rAjA ke samakSa paMkhe evaM cAmara pakar3akara khar3e rahanA, rAjA ke bhAla para paTTa bA~dhanA, evaM usa para mukuTa rakhanA Adi, kintu ina saba prakriyAoM meM prayukta maMtroM evaM kriyAoM meM AMzika antara hai, jaise- AcAradinakara meM rAjA ko jinasnAtrajala evaM sauSadhiyoM se yukta jala se snAna karAne ke lie kahA gayA hai,822 jabaki agnipurANa meM yaha snAna tila evaM sarasoM se yukta jala se karane kA ullekha milatA hai|24 isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM kI isa vidhi meM kahIM-kahIM AMzika bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai| isake atirikta AcAradinakara meM anya padAropaNa kI vidhiyoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai, kintu vaidika-paramparA ke granthoM meM hameM ye vidhiyA~ upalabdha nahIM hone se hama yahA~ una vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane meM asamartha haiN| upasaMhAra kisI bhI kArya ko sucArU rUpa se saMcAlana karane ke lie usa kArya se sambandhita adhikAroM ko kisI vyakti ke hAtha meM sauMpanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jaba taka use samucita adhikAra pradAna nahIM kie jAte haiM, taba taka vaha adhikAroM 122 dekhe - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-dvitIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-2, pR.- 611, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1673. 523 AcAradinakara, vardhamAnasUrikRta, udaya-cAlIsavA~, pR.- 378, nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, baoNmce, prathama saMskaraNa : 1622. 225 dekhe- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa (bhAga-dvitIya), DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe, adhyAya-2, pR.- 611, uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU, dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1673.

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388 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ke abhAva meM mAtra una kriyAoM ko karane yA na karane kA nirdeza to de sakatA hai, kintu yadi koI vyakti usake nirdezAnusAra kArya nahIM karatA hai to vaha use daNDita nahIM kara sakatA hai| dUsare, svAmI ke pAsa adhikAra hone se unake nirdeza meM kArya karane vAlo ko bhI thor3A bhaya rahatA hai ki yadi hama samucita kArya nahIM kareMgeM, to svAmI hameM daNDita karegA yA hameM pada se cyuta kara degaa| isa bhaya se bhI ve ucita DhaMga se kArya karate haiN| eka mAlika ke abhAva meM kArya meM samarUpatA bhI nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki koI kucha nirdeza detA hai aura koI kucha any| isase karmacArI varga asamaMjasa kI sthiti meM par3a jAtA hai ki kyA kare aura kyA na kare? jisakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki na to kArya ThIka DhaMga se hI ho pAtA hai aura na hI vyakti apane nizcita lakSya kI pUrti hI kara pAtA hai| ataH ina samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie bhI padAropaNa-vidhi Avazyaka hai| isake atirikta prajA kI rakSA hetu, zatrurAjya ke AkramaNa se rakSA hetu, Adi sthitiyoM meM nirNaya lene hetu rAjA, sAmanta, maMtrI, senApati Adi padoM para padAropaNa kA honA Avazyaka hai, jo aise samaya para turanta nirNaya le skeN| nAmakaraNa-vidhi evaM mudrAvidhi bhI apane-Apa meM mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki vyakti ke nAma evaM vividha mudrAoM kA bhI bahuta prabhAva par3atA hai tathA sarvakAryoM meM jo zubhamuhUrta dekhA jAtA hai, vaha usa kArya meM saphalatA ko prApta karane hetu kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra samucita muhUrta meM yogya vyaktiyoM ko janasAdhAraNa kI upasthiti meM vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka padAropaNa karanA samAja evaM rASTrahita meM Avazyaka

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana adhyAya-7 upasaMhAra vividha saMskAroM kI mUlyavattA aura vartamAna samaya meM unakI prAsaMgikatA - jIvana meM saMskAroM kA atyanta mahatva hai| saMskAroM ke abhAva meM manuSya pazuvat hotA hai| jaise pazu yaha nahIM jAnate haiM ki unakI kyA maryAdAe~ haiM, unheM kaise rahanA cAhie, kaise jIvana-yApana karanA cAhie, ThIka usI prakAra saMskAra vihInamanuSya bhI ina sabase anabhijJa rahatA hai| usakI samasta kriyAe~, pravRttiyA~ pazuoM jaisI hI hotI haiN| phira bhI jahA~ pazu kA jIvana apanI prakRti se nirdhArita hotA hai, vahI saMskArahIna mAnava to mAnavIya prakRti kA ullaMghana kara pazu se bhI nimna sthiti meM jItA hai| 389 saMskAra eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jo vyakti ke andara bIjarUpa meM rahe hue guNoM ko vRkSa ke samAna pallavita kara detA hai| bIja ko jaba ucita vAtAvaraNa, khAdya, jala Adi kA saMyoga milatA hai, to vaha bIja vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| ThIka usI prakAra saMskAroM kA saMyoga milane para vyakti ke andara rahI huI yogyatAe~ bhI prakaTa ho jAtI haiN| jaise vibhinna prakAra kI miTTI ko vidhAnAnusAra saMskAroM dvArA zodhakara usase lohA, tA~bA, sonA Adi bahumUlya dhAtue~ prApta kI jAtI haiM, jisa prakAra Ayurvedika rasAyana banAne vAle auSadhiyoM ko kaI prakAra ke rasoM meM mizrita kara unheM gajapuTa, agnipuTa vidhiyoM dvArA kaI-kaI bAra tapAkara saMskArita kara unase makaradhvaja evaM anyAnya camatkArI auSadhiyoM kA nirmANa karate haiM, ThIka usI prakAra manuSya ke lie bhI samaya-samaya para vibhinna dhArmika upacAroM, saMskAroM kA vidhAna karake unheM susaMskArita banAyA jAtA hai, jisase ki vaha apane meM nihita sadguNoM yA mAnavIya guNoM ko prApta kara sake / isa prakAra mAnava - zizu ke ujjavala bhaviSya ke lie usakA susaMskArI honA atyanta anivArya hai| saMskAroM ke abhAva meM usakA jIvana murajhAe hue paudhe ke samAna hotA hai, jo ucita vAtAvaraNa ke abhAva meM yathAzIghra hI apane astitva ko samApta kara detA hai|

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390 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI vividha saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vyakti meM sadAcAra, vinaya, kSamA, dayA, satya, ahiMsA Adi guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai, jo parivAra, samAja, rASTra evaM vizva meM zAnti sthApita karane meM sahayogI hote haiN| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti choTI-choTI bAtoM ko lekara korTa-kacaharI taka pahu~ca jAte haiM, eka-dUsare kI hatyA taka kara dete haiM- yaha saba kusaMskAroM kA hI prabhAva hai| vyakti jaba taka svayaM ke kSudra svArthoM se Upara nahIM uTha pAegA, taba taka vaha samAja, rASTra evaM vizva kalyANa ke mahAna kAryoM ko kaise kara paaegaa| vyakti samAja kI hI eka ikAI hai| vyaktiyoM se milakara hI samAja kA nirmANa hotA haiN| samAja kA cahuMmukhI vikAsa tabhI sambhava hai, jaba vyakti kA cahuMmukhI vikAsa ho aura vyakti ke cahu~mukhI vikAsa ke lie usakA susaMskArI honA atyanta anivArya hai| AcAradinakara meM varNita cAlIsa saMskAra na kevala vyakti ke vaiyaktika, pArivArika jIvana hetu hI Avazyaka haiM, varan usake dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana hetu bhI upayogI haiN| AcAradinakara meM varNita vividha saMskAroM kI kyA upayogitA hai evaM vartamAna samaya meM unakI kyA prAsaMgikatA hai, isakI carcA hama nimna binduoM ke mAdhyama se kareMgegarbhAdhAna-saMskAra garbha ko skhalana se bacAne evaM usakA saMrakSaNa karane hetu yaha saMskAra upayogI hai| pA~caveM mAha meM kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra garbhavatI tathA usake svajanoM ko yaha sUcita karatA thA ki vaha garbhavatI hai, tAki svajana garbhavatI strI kI evaM garbha kI samyak prakAra se surakSA kara sakeM, kyoMki unakI thor3I-sI bhI asAvadhAnI garbhastha bAlaka para kuprabhAva DAla sakatI hai| kalpasUtra kI TIkA meM bhI hameM isa sambandha meM ullekha milatA hai| jaba trizalA kSatriyANI ke garbha meM mahAvIra svAmI kA jIva thA, taba vaha usa garbha kA pAlana kisa prakAra se karatI thI, use batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki usane atyanta zIta, atyanta uSNa, atyanta tIkSNa, atyanta kaTuka, atyanta kasaile, atyanta khaTTe, atyanta mIThe, atyanta snigdha, atyanta rUkSa bhojana kA tyAga kara diyaa| vaha RtuoM ke anukUla sukhakArI bhojana karatI tathA vastra, gandha aura mAlAoM ko dhAraNa karatI huI roga, zoka, moha, bhaya aura trAsa rahita hokara rahane lagI, ityaadi| isase phalita hotA hai ki garbhavatI ko na kevala khAne-pIne kA hI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie, varan uThane-baiThane meM bhI bahuta sAvadhAnI rakhanI cAhie, kintu vartamAna meM garbhavatI striyA~ ina bAtoM kI tarapha koI dhyAna nahIM detI haiM, jisakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki unakA svAsthya bigar3ane lagatA hai tathA rogopacAra ke lie unheM auSadhiyoM kA sevana karanA par3atA hai, jo bAlaka para bahuta burA prabhAva DAlatI haiN| pathyoM kA sevana karane se ina duSpariNAmoM

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se bacA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra pathyoM ke sevana meM yaha saMskAra bhI sahAyabhUta hai| gabhArdhAna saMskAra parivAra evaM samAja meM nae sadasya ke zubhAgamana kA sUcaka hotA hai| vaha kisI navAgata sadasya ke svAgata hetu tatpara rahane kI sUcanA detA hai| puMsavana saMskAra 391 zizu-zarIra meM pUrNIbhAvarupI pramodajanya stanoM meM dUdha kI utpatti ke sUcakArtha kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra bhI vartamAna jIvana meM atyanta upayogI hai| zizu kA jIvana janma ke bAda chaH mAsa taka mAtA ke dugdha para hI AdhArita rahatA hai aura usI se usakA poSaNa hotA hai, kintu yadi mAtA ke stanoM meM dUdha kI utpatti samucita na ho, to zizu ko paryApta AhAra nahIM mila sakatA hai aura paryApta AhAra ke abhAva meM zizu kA svAsthya bhI bigar3a sakatA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se garbhavatI strI ke mana meM zizu ke prati vAtsalya evaM prIti kI bhAvanA ko vikasita kiyA jAtA thA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa mAtA ke stanoM meM svataH hI dUdha kI utpatti ho jAtI thI, kintu vartamAna meM hama dekhate haiM ki kitanI hI striyoM kI yaha zikAyata rahatI hai ki unake stanoM meM dUdha utaratA hI nahIM haiisakA kAraNa kyA hai? isakA kAraNa hai mAtAoM meM santAna ke prati vAtsalya kA abhaav| yaha kaTu satya hai, jise hameM svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki kitanI hI garbhavatI striyA~ apane garbha ko bhArarUpa samajhatI hai, tathA kabhI-kabhI to apanI icchAnusAra santAna ke na hone para striyA~ garbhapAta jaise duSkRtya kara baiThatI haiN| yaha saba prakriyAe~ mAtRtva evaM vAtsalyabhAva ko kSINa kara detI haiM, jisakA pariNAma usake zarIra para bhI par3atA hai, ataH vartamAna pariprekSya meM santAna ke prati vAtsalya evaM mAtRtvabhAva ko vikasita karane hetu yaha saMskAra upayogI hai| vAtsalyabhAva hI eka aisA tattva hai, jo mAtA aura santAna meM samyak sambandha ko sUcita karatA hai / janma-saMskAra jAtakarma - saMskAra kA mUlabhUta hetu prasava vedanA ko sahUya banAnA thA tathA isake sAtha hI garbhiNI strI ko prasava ke bAda snAna Adi dvArA zuddhi karAnA thaa| vartamAna meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki kitanI hI striyoM ko prasava kI vedanA sahana nahIM hotI hai, jisake kAraNa aneka prakAra ke upakaraNoM dvArA strI kA prasava karavAyA jAtA hai| usakA pariNAma kabhI-kabhI to itanA bhayaMkara hotA hai ki strI apane jIvana se hI hAtha dho baiThatI hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se use sukha- samAdhipUrvaka prasava karAyA jAtA hai, jisase na to zizu ke svAstha para koI asara par3atA hai aura na hI garbhavatI strI, isalie vartamAna samaya meM isa saMskAra kA apanA hI

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392 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI mahatva hai| prasavasthala evaM prasava ke samaya mAtA evaM zizu ke zarIra kI saMkrAmaka rogoM se mukti ke lie bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai aura isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se prasUtA, prasava evaM prasavasthala kI zuddhi kI jAtI hai / sUrya-candra-darzana- saMskAra bAlaka ke andara sadguNoM kA vikAsa karane hetu yaha saMskAra bhI atyanta upayogI hai| sUrya-candra ke darzana se bAlaka meM tejasvitA, gatizIlatA, paropakAratA, saumyatA, zItalatA Adi guNoM kA avirbhAva hotA hai, kyoMki sUrya-candra svayaM ina guNoM ke pratIka haiN| vartamAna jIvana meM hama bAlakoM meM ina guNoM kA abhAva prAyaH dekhate haiM, jaise- hama yadi bAlaka ko usake kisI galata kRtya para DA~Ta dete haiM, to vaha turanta krodhita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki usameM saumyatA ke guNoM kA abhAva hotA hai, jisake kAraNa vaha apanI pratikriyA krodha ke rUpa meM abhivyakta karatA hai| isI prakAra paropakAra Adi guNoM kA bhI vikAsa honA vartamAna pariprekSya meM atyanta Avazyaka hai| yaha saMskAra na kevala sadguNoM ke vikAsa ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, apitu bAlaka ko bAhUyajagat aura pariveza se paricita karAne ke hetu bhI kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki use Age isI parivAra meM jInA hai| kSIrAzana- saMskAra zizu ke zarIra kA samucita vikAsa karane hetu yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai| isa saMskAra meM zizu ko mAtA kA dugdhapAna karAyA jAtA hai, jo usake svAsthya hetu pathyarUpa hotA hai tathA usake zArIrika vikAsa kA AdhAra hotA hai| Adhunika yuga meM cikitsaka bhI isa mata kA samarthana karate haiM ki zizu ko yadi usakI prArambhika vaya meM mAtA kA hI dUdha na dekara gAya-bhaiMsa Adi kA dUdha diyA jAe to vaha zizu ke svAsthya para bahuta burA prabhAva DAla sakatA hai tathA use ulTI, dasta apaca Adi kI zikAyata ho sakatI hai, ataH zizu ke svAsthya hetu yaha saMskAra atyanta Avazyaka hai| SaSThI-saMskAra isa saMskAra meM SaSThImAtA arthAt mAtRkAdevI kI pUjA-upAsanA kI jAtI hai| bhAratIya - paramparA meM mAtA kI upAsanA kA bahuta mahattva mAnA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra mAtra bhAratIya mAtRsaMskRti kI upAsanA kA pratIka hI nahIM hai, varan mAtA ke prati vyaktiyoM ke karttavyoM kA bodha bhI karAtA hai, kintu vartamAna meM hama dekhate haiM ki loga aisI prakriyAoM ko aMdhavizvAsa mAnakara inase dUra hote jA rahe haiM, jisakA pariNAma hamAre samakSa Aja upasthita hai| loga apanI mAtRmUlaka saMskRti

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 393 kI tarapha daur3a rahe haiM, unameM punaH mAtRmUlaka ko chor3akara pAzcAtya saMskRti bhAratIya saMskRti ke prati ahobhAva utpanna karane hetu isa prakAra ke saMskAra Avazyaka haiN| yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke jIvana meM mAtA ke mUlya evaM mahatva ko spaSTa karatA hai| zucikarma saMskAraH garbhiNI strI ke prasava ke bArahaveM dina pavitrIkaraNa hetu kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra bhI bhAratIya-saMskRti kI zaucamUlaka prakRti kA hI pratIka hai| bhAratIya-saMskRti meM jananAzauca evaM maraNAzauca- ina do prakAroM ke zauca kI zuddhi ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| garbhiNI strI ke prasava se lekara jaba taka yaha zuddhirUpI saMskAra na kiyA jAe, taba taka usa ghara meM sUtaka mAnA jAtA hai tathA garbhiNI strI ko eka kamare meM hI rakhA jAtA hai, kyoMki prasava ke bAda bhI strI ke zarIra meM satat dUSita rakta kA pravAha cAlU hI rahatA hai, jo vAtAvaraNa para galata asara karatA hai| pUrva meM bhI prasUtA ko eka nizcita samaya taka eka sthAna para hI rakhA jAtA thA, jisase kI Asa-pAsa kA vAtAvaraNa dUSita na ho, sAtha hI bAhya-saMkrAmaka azuciyoM evaM sthitiyoM kA prabhAva mAtA aura zizu para na ho| nizcita kAla ke pUrNa hone para hI use isa saMskAra se saMskArita karake zuddha kiyA jAtA thaa| vartamAna meM katipaya loga ina saMskAroM ko rUr3hivAditA kA nAma dekara sabhyatA ke nAma para ina saMskAroM ko chor3a rahe haiN| aisI paristhitiyoM meM vAtAvaraNa para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai, ataH vAtAvaraNa ko zuddha rakhane hetu bhI yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai| nAmakaraNa-saMskAra yaha saMskAra bhI zizu ke jIvana kA eka mahatvapUrNa pakSa hai, jise kisI bhI stara para nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| nAma vyakti ke jIvana para bahuta prabhAva DAlatA hai, ataH zizu ko guNoM se yukta nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| jyotiSazAstra bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hai ki vyakti kI saphalatA kA kucha aMza nAma para bhI AdhArita hotA hai, kintu vartamAna meM mAtA-pitA ke manaHmastiSka para pAzcAtya-saMskRti kA itanA gaharA prabhAva par3a rahA hai, ki vaha ina saba bAtoM ko gauNa karake aise-aise nAma rakhate haiM, jisakA vyakti ke jIvana se kahIM se kahIM taka koI sambandha nahIM hotA hai| ataH vyakti kA nAma aisA honA cAhie, jo use jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM na kevala saphalatA hI pradAna kare, varan usake guNoM ko bhI prakaTa kre|

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394 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI nAma vyakti kA paricAyaka hotA hai| nAma kA prabhAva vyakti aura samAja-donoM para hotA hai| guNasUcaka nAma se jahA~ vyakti meM usa guNa ko jIvanta banAne kI bhAvanA hotI hai, vahI vaha usase samAja meM Adara bhI prApta karatA hai| annaprAzana-saMskAra __bAlaka ke paripUrNa vikAsa hetu yaha saMskAra bhI upayogI hai| janma ke kucha mAsa bAda jaise-jaise bAlaka ke aMgoM kA vikAsa hotA hai, vaise-vaise usakI AhAra sambandhI AvazyakatA bhI bar3hane lagatI hai, ataH usa AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| zizu kA AhAra kaisA ho? yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki yadi bAlaka ko teja mirca-masAle vAlA yA bhArI AhAra diyA jAe, to usase usakA svAsthya bigar3a sakatA hai, ataH usake svAsthya ke hisAba se sAttvika AhAra pradAna kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| sAttvika AhAra na kevala zizu ko svasthatA hI pradAna karatA hai, varan usameM sAttvika guNoM kA bhI AvirbhAva karatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai- "jaisA khAe anna, vaisA hoe mana, jaisA pie pAnI, vaisI hoe vaannii|" ataHisa Adhunika pariveza meM AhAra viveka evaM mAnavIya guNoM ko vikasita karane hetu bhI yaha saMskAra upayogI hai| karNavedha-saMskAra karNavedha-saMskAra mAtra karNa meM AbhUSaNa pahanane ke uddezya se nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, varan rogoM kI rokathAma ke lie bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki ekyUpaMkcara Adi cikitsaka bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki kAna meM cheda karAne se vyakti aneka sambhAvita rogoM se baca sakatA hai| usa sthAna para karNa AbhUSaNa pahanane se vaha sthAna satata dabatA rahatA hai, jo zarIra ke andara rogoM kI sambhAvanAoM ko paidA hI nahIM hone detA hai| isa saMskAra se na kevala sambhAvita rogoM kI rokathAma hI hotI hai, balki vyakti yadi kisI roga se pIr3ita hotA hai, to vaha bhI zAnta ho jAtI hai| jaise kAna ke amuka bhAga meM cheda karAne se vyakti ko miragI ke daure AnA baMda ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bAlaka ko nirogI banAne hetu yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai| cUr3AkaraNa-saMskAra janma ke pazcAt prathama bAra isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se bAlaka ke kezoM kA apanayana kiyA jAtA hai| purAtanakAla se hI RSiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai, ki manuSya na jAne kitanI yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA huA pAzavika-saMskAra dhAraNa karatA huA mAnava yoni ko prApta hotA hai| kezoM ko saMsArarupI vRkSa kI jar3a kahA gayA

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai| kezoM ke upanayana se pUrva janma ke saMskAroM kA unmUlana hotA hai, ataH pUrvajanma ke anupayukta evaM avAMchanIya saMskAroM ke niSkAsana evaM bAlaka ko sahI mAnasika vikAsa hetu yaha saMskAra anivArya hai| isa saMskAra se vyakti sumdaratA, pavitratA Adi ko bhI prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha saMskAra bhI apane Apa meM upayogI hai| upanayana upanayana-saMskAra bhI bAlaka ko susaMskArI banAne kA eka vilakSaNa upAya hai| isa saMskAra se saMskArita bAlaka ko gurukula meM vAsa karanA hotA thA tathA use apane sAre kArya guru kI AjJAnusAra hI karane hote the| guru bhI ziSya ko putra ke samAna mAnakara use zikSita karate the, kintu vartamAna kI zikSA praNAlI itanI dUSita ho cukI hai, ki na to ziSya apane guru ko sammAna kI dRSTi se hI dekhatA hai aura na guru hI use sahI DhaMga se adhyApana karavAte haiN| guru apanI svArthavRtti kA poSaNa karane ke lie ziSyoM ko vidyAlaya meM sahI DhaMga se par3hAte nahIM hai, tAki unako TyUzana ke mAdhyama se eka acchI khAsI rakama mila ske| vartamAna kI isa dUSita praNAlI ke sudhAra hetu yaha saMskAra bahuta hI Avazyaka hai, jisase ki ziSya kA guru ke prati evaM guru kA ziSya ke prati karttavya buddhi kA vikAsa ho / vidyArambha - saMskAra zikSA ke kSetra meM praveza dilAne hetu kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke bhAvI jIvana hetu atyanta upayogI hai, kintu yaha saMskAra nirdiSTa avadhi ke daurAna kiyA jAe, to usakA bAlaka ke jIvana para bahuta acchA asara par3a sakatA hai| / sAmAnyatayA zizu ko pA~ca varSa ke bAda isa saMskAra se saMskArita kiyA jAtA thA, jisase kI bAlaka kI buddhi samucita prakAra se jJAna ko grahaNa kara sake, kintu vartamAna meM hama dekhate haiM ki mAtA-pitA bAlaka ko do-DhAI sAla kA hote hI use narsarI skUloM meM DAla dete haiN| jo kAla unakI bAlasulabha ceSTAoM kA hotA hai, usa samaya vaha ina saba prapaMcoM se jur3a jAtA hai aura jo jJAna use sahaja rUpa meM apane Asa-pAsa ke pariveza evaM svajanoM se milanA hotA hai, usase vaha vaMcita raha jAtA hai| isa prakAra vartamAna samaya meM isa aMdhAdhuMdhI se bacane ke lie yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai| - 395

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396 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI vivAha-saMskAra vartamAna meM gRhasthoM meM zIladharma ko maryAdita, surakSita aura saMtAna-paramparA ko nirdoSa banAe rakhane ke lie tathA pAzavika kAma-sevana kI dUSita manovRtti se mAnava-samAja ko saMrakSaNa pradAna karane hetu yaha saMskAra Avazyaka hai| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti mAtra apane kAma-vAsanAoM kI pUrti ke lie idhara se udhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se usakI isa pAzavika-vRtti ko saMyamita karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai tathA usake dAyare ko sImita kiyA jAtA hai| mAnava-jIvana meM yaha saMskAra nahIM hotA, to zAyada vartamAna samaya meM hameM jo bhAI-bahana, mAtA-pitA Adi sambandha dikhAI de rahe haiM, ve sambandha zAyada dekhane ko bhI nahIM milte| isa prakAra vartamAna samaya meM isakI prAsaMgikatA svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai| vratAropaNa-saMskAra garbhAdhAna se lekara vivAhaparyanta ke sabhI saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vyakti apanI daihika AvazyakatAoM evaM sAmAjika-dAyitva kI pUrti karatA hai, lekina ina sAmAjika-dAyitvoM ke sAtha hI vyakti apane naitika, dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika-dAyitvoM se vaMcita na ho, isalie vratAropaNa-saMskAra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| naitika, dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika-dAyitvoM ko pUrNa karane meM sahAyaka ina saMskAroM kA yadi jIvana meM AcaraNa nahIM hotA, to yaha saMsAra aba taka zAyada vinAza kI kagAra para jA khar3A hotaa| vratAropaNa-saMskAra meM nirdiSTa vratoM kA AcaraNa vyakti ko ahiMsaka, satyavAdI, ImAnadAra Adi guNoM se yukta karatA hai| vartamAna samaya meM jo loga apane naitika, sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika-dAyitvoM se vaMcita ho rahe haiM, unake lie yaha saMskAra kAragara siddha ho sakatA hai| antya-saMskAra isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti se jIvana ke antima chora para saMsAra ke prati viraktatA ke bhAva ko paidA karake AtmasAdhanA karavAI jAtI hai| isa bhautikavAdI yuga meM jIva itanA jyAdA paudgalika viSayoM meM Asakta bana jAtA hai ki vaha vAstava meM apane mUla astitva ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai aura para meM sva kA AropaNa karane lagatA hai| maiM kauna hU~? kahA~ se AyA hU~ aura mujhe kahA~ jAnA hai?- ye saba bAteM socane kA usako avakAza hI nahIM milatA hai| aisI sthiti meM jIva ko antima samaya meM saMsAra se virakta karake Atma-cintana meM lagAne hetu

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 397 yaha saMskAra, arthAt saMlekhanAvrata kA grahaNa Avazyaka hai, jisase ki vaha apanA AtmakalyANa kara ske| isa prakAra vartamAna ke isa bhautikavAdI yuga meM adhyAtma kI kiraNoM ko prasphuTita karane vAlA yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai| brahmacaryavratagrahaNa-vidhiH isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti meM puruSa kA strI ke prati aura strI kA puruSa ke prati jo AkarSaNa bhAva hai, use samApta karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| kahA gayA hai ki indriyoM meM rasanA, karmoM meM mohanIya, vratoM meM kAmavAsanA evaM guptiyoM meM manogapti- ye cAra bar3e kaSTa se vijIta hote haiM, ataH vratoM meM sarvazreSTha brahmacaryavrata ko isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| isa vrata ke abhAva meM jIva laukika aura alaukika- sabhI guNoM ko naSTa kara detA hai| isa prakAra yaha vrata vyakti ke guNoM ko akSuNNa rakhane meM bhI sahAyaka hai| kSullaka-vidhi isa vidhi meM sAdhaka ko eka avadhi vizeSa hetu paMcamahAvrata evaM chaThaveM rAtribhojana-tyAgavata kA do karaNa evaM tIna yoga se grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai| munijIvana kI pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti ina vratoM kA pAlana karate hue paripakvatA ko prApta karatA hai, jo use agrima saMskAroM hetu prastuta karatA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki sAdhakoM ko pUrva prazikSaNa ke binA unheM mahAvratoM ke pAlanI kI pratijJA karA dI jAtI hai, jisakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki yA to ve una vratoM kA samyak prakAra se nirvAha nahIM kara pAte haiM, yA phira gRhIta vrata kA tyAga kara dete haiM, jisase jaina-zAsana kI bahuta hI AlocanA hotI hai| ataH pravrajyA-vidhi se pUrva kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra vartamAna jIvana meM bahuta hI upayogI hai| pravrajyA-vidhi isa vidhi ke mAdhyama se vyakti ko samatA kI sAdhanA karavAI jAtI hai| samatA vyakti kI svabhAvadazA hai aura krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi AtmA kI vibhAvadazA hai, kintu anAdikAla ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa vyakti apanI svabhAvadazA ko bhUla cukA hai| aura krodhAdi vibhAvadazA ko hI apanA mAna baiThA hai| aisI paristhiti meM vyakti ko svabhAvadazA kA anubhava karanA bahuta hI jarUrI hai| isake abhAva meM vyakti rAga-dveSa kI gA~The bA~dhatA rahatA hai, jisase usakA evaM samAja kA jIvana tanAvagrasta rahatA hai| vartamAna meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki thor3A sA kisI

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398 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI ne kucha kaha diyA yA apane kahe anusAra koI kArya na kare, to hameM turanta gussA A jAtA hai aura hama vaimanasya kI gA~Tha bA~dha lete haiN| yaha gA~Tha vyakti ko samatArUpI svabhAvadazA kA bodha karAne meM bAdhaka hai| isa gA~Tha ko samatA kI sAdhanA se hI galAyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vartamAna pariprekSa meM samatA kI sAdhanArUpa yaha saMskAra bhI upayogI hai| upasthApanA-vidhi isa saMskAra kA prayojana sAdhaka ko paMcamahAvrata evaM chaThaveM rAtribhojana-viramaNavrata kA grahaNa karavAnA hai| kSullakavidhi meM ye vrata do karaNa tIna yoga se dhAraNa karavAe jAte haiM, kintu isa vidhi meM sAdhaka ko tIna karaNa evaM tIna yoga se ina vratoM kA uccAraNa karavAyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM muni jIvana ko grahaNa karane ke pazcAt isa saMskAra kA honA bahuta hI jarUrI hai, kyoMki isa vidhi ke mAdhyama se na kevala sAdhaka ko mahAvratoM kA AropaNa hI karavAyA jAtA hai, varan use munijIvana kI caryAoM kI Avazyaka jAnakArI dene vAle mUlabhUta granthoM, yathA- dazavaikAlika, AvazyakasUtra Adi kA bhI adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai| vartamAna ke isa bhautikavAdI yuga meM bhI sAdhaka apanI caryA kA pAlana bhalI prakAra se kara sake tathA usake AcAra meM koI zithilatA na Ae, usake lie yaha saMskAra bhI upayogI hai| yogodvahana-vidhi yogodvahana-saMskAra sAdhaka ke mana-vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ke UrvIkaraNa hetu kiyA jAtA hai| jaba taka sAdhaka kA mana bhogavRtti se Upara nahIM uThatA hai, taba taka vaha sahI arthoM meM Atmacintana kI tarapha utprerita nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadyapi isa saMskAra kA mUla prayojana mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI samAdhipUrNa sthiti meM tapa-sAdhanApUrvaka Agama siddhAMtoM kA adhyayana karavAnA hai, kintu jaba hama gaharAI meM jAte haiM, to hameM jJAta hotA hai ki yaha to eka Alambana mAtra hai, kintu vAstava meM to isakA mUla prayojana mana-vacana evaM kAyArUpI tInoM yogoM ko saMyamita karake sAdhaka ko Atmonmukha karanA hai| Adhunika yuga meM jahA~ sAdhaka apane yaza evaM kIrti ke lie prayatnazIla hai, vahIM sAdhakoM ko Atmasammukha banAne hetu yaha saMskAra saMjIvanI auSadhi ke samAna hai| vAcanAgrahaNa-vidhi vAcanA prApta karane hetu, arthAt zAstra ke adhyayana hetu guru evaM ziSya ko kyA karanA cAhie, isakI vidhi kA isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 399 vidhi ziSya meM vinayaguNa kA prAdurbhAva karatI hai, arthAta ziSya ko vAcanA lene ke pUrva vAcanAdAtA guru ke prati Adara prakaTa karanA cAhie evaM anya ko vAcanA dene ke pUrva unakI anujJA prApta karanA caahie| vartamAna meM hama dekhate haiM ki ina vidhiyoM ke abhAva meM ziSya guru kA samucita Adara nahIM kara pAtA hai| guru vAcanA dene ke lie baiThe ki ziSya zIghratA se Akara yU~ hI baiTha jAte haiM, na to unakI sukhazAtApRcchA hI karate hai aura na hI unake prati vinayabhAva prakaTa karate hai| vinaya ke binA vidyA kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, ataH samyak prakAra se vidyA kA grahaNa ho, isalie bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| vinaya prakaTa karane se guru meM jJAna pradAna karane kI bhAvanA hotI hai aura viSaya kA sugamatA se grahaNa hotA hai| vAcanAnujJA-vidhi muni jIvana meM vAcanA arthAt AgamoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kA bahuta adhika mahatva hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vAcanA pradAna karane ke yogya muni ko vAcanAcArya-pada pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya ko dekhate hue yaha saMskAra bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| Ajakala ke sAdhaka (muni) bahuta hI tarka-vitarkavAdI hote haiM, ataH unheM samajhanA bahuta hI Ter3hI khIra hai| unheM vahI muni samyak prakAra se samajhA sakatA hai, jise Agama kA jJAna ho, jo samajhAne meM kuzala ho, aadi| ina guNoM se hIna vAcanAcArya na to sva kA kalyANa kara sakatA hai, na para kA hI; ataH jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA hetu tathA munijanoM ko samyak jJAna pradAna karane hetu yaha saMskAra bhI upayogI hai, jisase ki yogya muni ko Agama-adhyApana kI anumati dI jA sake arthAt use vAcanAcArya banAyA jA ske| upAdhyAyapadasthApana-vidhi isa vidhi ke mAdhyama se yogya muni ko upAdhyAyapada para abhisikta kiyA jAtA hai| upAdhyAya kA mukhya uttaradAyitva adhyayana karAne kA hai, kintu isake sAtha hI ziSyoM ke adhyayana sambandhI sabhI vyavasthAoM kI dekha-rekha karanA tathA unheM anuzAsita rakhanA bhI upAdhyAya kA hI dAyitva hai| yaha kArya vahI kara sakatA hai, jo svayaM gItArtha ho, samayajJa ho, anuzAsita ho| jo svayaM AgamoM kA jJAtA yA anuzAsanapriya nahIM hai, vaha kisa prakAra se apane adhIna ziSyoM ko dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna pradAna kara sakatA hai? saMgha meM aise yogya upAdhyAya kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| kintu sAmAnyataH vartamAna meM hama dekhate haiM ki eka avadhi vizeSa ke bAda kucha vrata, upavAsa Adi karavAkara muni ko yaha pada pradAna kara diyA jAtA hai, usameM upAdhyAyapada ke yogya guNa haiM yA nahIM, isakA samyak AMkalana bhI nahIM

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400 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki mAtra vaha padadhArI ho jAtA hai| dvAdazAMgI kI vAcanA vagairaha dene se, arthAt AgamoM kA adhyApana karAne se usakA koI vAstA nahIM hotA hai| isase zramaNasaMgha meM AgamoM kA jJAna kSINa hotA calA jA rahA hai| ataHzramaNoM ko Agama Adi kA samyak jJAna prApta ho, isake lie kisI yogya muni ko upAdhyAyapada para sthApita karanA Avazyaka hai| AcAryapadasthApana-vidhi jisa gaccha meM aneka sAdhu-sAdhvI hoM, jinake aneka saMghATaka alaga-alaga vicarate ho, unameM aneka padavIdharoM kA honA Avazyaka hai, kintu kama se kama AcArya evaM upAdhyAya- ina do padavIdharoM kA honA to nitAMta Avazyaka hai| isa saMskAra kA prayojana saMgha kA saMcAlana karane meM nipuNa muni ko AcArya pada para sthApita karanA hai, kyoMki yogya AcArya hI usa gaccha yA samudAya ke sabhI muniyoM ko apane sAtha lekara cala sakatA hai| vartamAna meM vibhinna gacchoM meM to kyA, eka hI gaccha meM hama aneka paramparAe~ yA bheda dekhate haiN| usakA mUla kAraNa AcArya meM saMgha ko ekajuTa rakhane kI kSamatA kA abhAva hai, kyoMki usakA sAmarthya itanA nahIM hotA ki vaha sabako sAtha lekara cala ske| isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki saMgha TukaDoM me ba~Ta jAtA hai tathA koI unakI sunane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hotA hai| saba apanI icchAnusAra AcaraNa karane lagate haiN| ataH saMgha ko ekatA ke sUtra meM pirone ke lie tathA saMgha meM anuzAsana sthApita karane ke lie yogya muni ko sarvAnumati se AcArya-pada para sthApita karanA Avazyaka hai| muni kI bAraha pratimAoM kI udvahana-vidhi isa vidhi ke mAdhyama se mana-vacana evaM kAyA ke yoga, arthAta pravRttiyoM kI siddhi kI jAtI hai, arthAt una pravRttiyoM ko anuzAsita kiyA jAtA hai| jaba taka mana-vacana-kAyA ke vyApAra anuzAsita nahIM hote haiM, taba taka vyakti paramasukha ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| sAmAnyataH yaha sAdhanA sAdhaka apane mana-vacana-kAyA ke saMyamana hetu karatA hai, jo saMgha meM paraspara vaimanasya kI bhAvanAoM ko paidA hI nahIM hone detI hai| Aja sAmAnyataH jo vivAda hote haiM, ve kisI asaMyamita vyavahAra yA vacanoM ke kAraNa se hote haiN| munijIvana meM bhI kabhI-kabhI aise prasaMga upasthita ho jAte haiM, jo Apasa meM manamuTAva karA dete haiN| una sabake nirAkaraNa hetu tathA mana-vacana evaM kAyA ke saMyamana hetu vartamAna pariprekSya meM yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai|

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAdhvI ko dIkSA pradAna karane kI vidhi strI ko sAdhvI - dIkSA pradAna karane hetu yaha vidhi atyanta upayogI hai| isI vidhi ke mAdhyama se usakI yogyatA kA parIkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai tathA usake svajanoM kI anujJA prApta kI jAtI hai| vartamAna meM isa vidhi kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki yadi dIkSA hetu utsuka strI kA pUrva parIkSaNa na kiyA jAe aura svajanoM kI anujJA prApta na kI jAe, to sAdhu-sAdhvI evaM mumukSu ke parijanoM ke bIca azAnti kA vAtAvaraNa bana sakatA hai| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki kitaneM hI sAdhu-sAdhvI corI chipe dIkSArthI ke mAtA-pitA yA parijanoM kI AjJA ke binA evaM dIkSArthI kI yogyatA ke parIkSaNa ke binA hI lar3akiyoM ko dIkSA pradAna kara dete haiM, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa jainazAsana kI nindA hotI hai, ataH usa duSpariNAma se bacane ke lie yaha saMskAra bahuta hI upayogI hai / punaH yaha saMskAra sampanna hone ' para yaha sAdhvI bana gaI hai'- aisA vidita ho jAtA hai| pravartinIpadasthApanA - vidhi sAdhvI samudAya meM pravartinI kA pada eka mahatvapUrNa pada hai| isa mahatvapUrNa pada para kisI yogya sAdhvI ko sthApita karane ke uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| zramaNasaMgha meM jo sthAna upAdhyAya kA hotA hai, vahI sthAna sAdhvIsaMgha meM pravartinI kA hotA hai / prAcIna kAla se hI adhyayana-adhyApana para bahuta jora diyA gayA hai| isakA sAdhviyoM ke lie bhI utanA hI mahatva hai, jitanA kI sAdhu- samudAya ke lie / sAmAnyataH sAdhviyoM ko vAcanA dene kA kArya pravartinI ko hI sauMpA jAtA hai, kintu vartamAna samaya meM yaha pada mAtra aupacArikatA bana kara raha gayA hai, kyoMki pravartinI banane ke bAda logoM kA AnA-jAnA tathA patra vyavahAra itanA bar3ha jAtA hai ki vaha vAcanA dene ke lie to samaya hI nahIM de pAtI hai| isa prakAra vaha dina-pratidina isa pada ke mUla uddezya se dUra hotI calI jAtI hai| aise samaya meM vidhAnapUrvaka kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra upayogI hai, jo use isa karttavya kA bodha karAtA hai| mahattarApadasthApana - vidhi isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se yogya sAdhvI ko mahattarA - pada para sthApita kiyA jAtA hai / mahattarA kA kArya sAdhvIsaMgha kA saMcAlana karanA hai / mahattarA kA kAryakSetra pravartinI kI apekSA adhika vyApaka hai, ataH isake lie isa pada para aisI sAdhvI kI niyukti Avazyaka hai, jo sAdhvIsaMgha kA vyavasthita saMcAlana kara ske| vartamAna samaya meM zramaNI - saMgha chinna-bhinna ho rahA hai, aisI paristhiti meM yogya 401

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402 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI sAdhvI ko isa pada para ArUDha karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai, jo apane adhInastha sAdhvI ko niyaMtrita karake unheM ekatA ke sUtra meM piro ske| isa prakAra vartamAna samaya meM zramaNIsaMgha kI dazA ko dekhate hue yaha saMskAra nitAMta anivArya hai| ahorAtricaryA-vidhi isa vidhi meM munijIvana kI divasa-rAtri kI kriyAoM kA ullekha huA hai| zAstra meM kahe gae AcAra kA pAlana tabhI sambhava hai, jaba vyakti ko usakA jJAna ho, kyoMki jAnakAriyoM ke abhAva meM vaha apanI kriyAoM se pare haTatA jAtA hai| sAdhu-jIvana yatanA, arthAt sajagatApradhAna hai| sAdhu kI divasa-rAtri kI jo caryA hai, ve adhikAMzataH AcAra-niyamoM ke sajagatApUrvaka paripAlana hetu hI hai| vartamAna samaya meM hama dekhate haiM ki jAnakAriyoM yA sajagatA ke abhAva meM sAdhaka kabhI-kabhI choTI-choTI galatiyA~ kara baiThatA hai| yadyapi usakA uddezya usa prakAra kA nahIM hotA hai, kintu galatI to galatI hI hotI hai, cAhe vaha jAnabUjhakara kI jAe yA asAvadhAnI kI dazA meN| isase sAdhaka karmabaMdhana se nahIM baca sakatA hai, ataH munijIvana meM kama se kama doSa lage, isa hetu yaha vidhi atyanta upayogI hai| RtucaryA-vidhi- vibhinna RtuoM meM sAdhu kA kyA AcAra hai, isa viSaya kA isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| munijIvana meM praveza karane ke bAda isa vidhi kA jJAna honA ekadama jarUrI hai, kyoMki yaha vidhi munijIvana meM lagane vAle doSoM kA na kevala jJAna hI karavAtI hai, varan usake duSpariNAmoM se bhI sAdhaka ko bacAtI hai; jaisevihAracaryA ke anusAra muni ko AryadezoM meM hI vicaraNa karanA cAhie, nizcita, vAra, tithi, muhUrta Adi dekhakara vihAra karanA cAhie, ityaadi| isakA kAraNa spaSTa hai ki yadi muni anAryadeza meM vicaraNa karegA, to usake mana meM sadA yaha bhaya vyApta rahegA ki koI use hAni nahIM pahuMcA de| isa bhaya ke kAraNa na to vaha apanI kriyAoM ko samyak prakAra se kara pAegA aura na hI AtmasAdhanA kara pAegA, ataH munijIvana meM vihAra caryA, kalpatarpaNa kI vidhi, vyAkhyAna-vidhi Adi kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra isa vidhi kI upayogitA svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai| punaH, isase yaha bodha hogA ki kisa Rtu meM kaisI caryA karanA caahie| aMtimasaMlekhanA-vidhiH isa vidhi ke mAdhyama se muni ko antima kSaNa kI ArAdhanA karavAI jAtI hai| yadyapi muni kA jIvana tyAgamaya hotA hai, kintu mana itanA caMcala hai ki

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vardhamAnasarikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 403 usakA kitanA bhI niSedha karo, to bhI vaha idhara-udhara daur3a hI jAtA hai| saMlekhanA meM usa mana ko ArAdhanA meM lagAkara sthira kiyA jAtA hai, tAki antima samaya meM muni kA mana sAMsArika bhogoM meM, rAga-dveSa yA kaSAya meM bhaTaka na jAe, kyoMki kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki jo vyakti jIvanabhara utkRSTa sAdhanA karatA hai, usakA mana bhI antima samaya meM paudgalika vastuoM meM, rAga-dveSa kI vRtti yA kaSAyoM meM bhaTaka jAtA hai, jo usake bhavabhramaNa kA kAraNa banatA hai| isa prakAra bhavabhramaNa ke nirodha hetu kiyA jAne vAlA yaha saMskAra vartamAna pariprekSya meM bhI upayogI hI nahIM, varan Avazyaka bhI hai| yaha samabhAvapUrvaka anAsaktavRtti se upasthita mRtyu kA svAgata karatA hai| yaha saMskAra vyakti ko samabhAvapUrvaka maraNa kI kalA sikhAtA hai| pratiSThA-vidhi ___ acetana pratimA meM maMtrAdi dvArA devatattva kA praveza karavAne ke lie pratiSThA-vidhi niSpanna kI jAtI hai| jaise sUrya apanI kiraNoM ke prakAza se apane-apane vyavahAra ko sampAdana karane vAle prANiyoM kA patha-pradarzaka hai tathA nidrA se jagAne vAlA hai, usI prakAra jinendra bhagavAn bhI apane upadeza se saMsAra ke prANiyoM kI mohanidrA kA nAza karane vAle haiM, udbodha ko dene vAle haiM, hitamArga ke darzaka haiM; kintu vartamAna samaya meM to unake pratyakSa darzana sambhava nahIM hai, to phira jIva kisako Adarza ke rUpa meM apane samakSa rakhakara apanI AtmasAdhanA kare- isakA vicAra karake hI vidvajjanoM ne jinacaityoM meM jina-pratimAoM kI sthApanA kara vyakti ko apanI AtmasAdhanA ke lie eka sambala prastuta kiyaa| vidhipUrvaka kI gaI pratiSThA hI sAdhaka ko sukha-zAnti pradAna karatI hai tathA jinacaitya ke vAtAvaraNa ko suramya banAtI hai| vartamAna samaya meM to jinacaityoM evaM jina-pratimAoM kA nirmANa kArya bahuta pragati se cala rahA hai| sAdhaka ko jitanI zAnti kA anubhava vahA~ honA cAhie, utanI zAnti kA AbhAsa evaM pratimA ke prati AkarSaNabhAva utpanna nahIM ho pAtA hai| isakA kAraNa kahIM na kahIM kucha kamI hai, jo isa prakAra ke bhAvoM ko utpanna nahIM hone detI hai| pratiSThA-vidhi ke mAdhyama se una kamiyoM ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai tathA maMtroccAra se pratimA ke prabhAva meM vRddhi kI jAtI hai| isa prakAra jinacaityoM evaM jina-pratimAoM ke prabhAva ko baDhAne ke lie evaM sAdhakoM ke bhakti-bhAva ko jagAne hetu pratiSThA-vidhi eka mAdhyama hai, jisase jur3akara hajAroM-lAkhoM loga bhaktibhAvapUrvaka ucca AtmadazA ko prApta karane kA prayatna karate haiN|

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404 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI zAntikakarma-vidhi nirvighna phala kI prApti evaM kSudra upadravoM tathA azubha vAtAvaraNa ko dUra karane ke lie yaha vidhi kI jAtI hai| zAntika vidhAna karane se vyakti ke saMkaToM kA hI nivAraNa nahIM hotA hai, varan usameM aisI AsthA utpanna hotI hai ki vighna-bAdhAe~ dUra ho gaI hai, usase use sukha-zAnti kI prApti hotI hai| vyakti ke jIvana meM zAnti hogI, to samAja meM zAnti hogI aura samAja meM zAnti hogI, to deza evaM rASTra meM zAnti rhegii| zAnti ke manobhAvoM ko sajaga karane hetu vartamAna pariprekSya meM bhI yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai| Aja samAja meM cAroM tarapha azAnti kA vAtAvaraNa hai rASTra, rAjya, samAja evaM vyakti eka-dUsare se kaTa rahe haiM, unake bIca darAreM par3a rahI haiN| aisI sthiti meM zAnti sthApita karane kA saMdeza dene hetu yaha saMskAra upayogI siddha ho sakatA hai| pauSTikakarma-vidhi Arambha kiyA gayA kArya puSTi ko prApta kare, arthAt siddhi ko prApta kare, isa uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| vyakti koI bhI kArya karatA hai, to usake mana meM yaha saMzaya rahatA hai ki yaha kArya pUrNa ho pAegA yA nhiiN| vartamAna ke pratispardhI mAhaula meM to yaha bhaya aura adhika banA rahatA hai aura isa bhaya ke kAraNa vyakti kisI bhI kArya ko zurU karane se ghabarAtA hai| yaha karma eka taraha se use kArya kI siddhi ke prati Azvasta karatA hai| yadyapi puruSArtha to vyakti svayaM hI karatA hai, kintu usa kArya ke prati sAhasa kA saMbala yaha karma hI pradAna karatA hai| isa prakAra vyakti ke lakSya kI saphalatA ke lie yaha saMskAra bhI upayogI hai| balividhAna yaha vidhAna devatAoM ko naivedya arpita karake unheM saMtuSTa karane hetu kiyA jAtA hai, kintu vAstava meM dekhA jAe, to yaha vidhAna vyakti meM tyAga kI vRtti kA sarjana karatA hai| bhogavRtti meM AkaNTha DUbe hue mAnavoM ke lie vartamAna pariprekSya meM yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai| vartamAna samaya meM vyakti itanA svArthaparaka hotA jA rahA hai ki usameM usake naitika guNoM kA stara kama hotA jA rahA hai| tyAga karane ke sthAna para mAtra saMgraha karane kI pravRtti hI cAroM tarapha dikhAI detI hai| aise samaya meM tyAga ke mAnavIya evaM naitika guNoM kA vikAsa karane meM yaha saMskAra upayogI hai| balividhAna meM devatA ko naivedya samarpaNa to eka mAdhyama

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vardhamAnasarikta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 405 hai, vastutaH usase dUsare prANiyoM kI kSudhA-vedanA zAMta hotI hai aura unakI antarAtmA se nikale zubhASIza usake maMgala meM sAdhaka hote haiN| prAyazcitta-vidhi isa vidhi kA mukhya prayojana pramAdavaza kie gae pApoM kI zuddhi karanA hai| vyakti ke jIvana meM prAyazcitta kA bahuta hI mahatva hai| prAyazcitta karane se vyakti ke pariNAma nirmala banate haiM tathA punaH usa duSkRtya karane kI vRtti samApta hotI hai| vartamAna meM hama deza meM jo aparAdha kI vRttiyA~ dekha rahe haiM, vaha isa vidhi ke samyak AcaraNa na hone ke kAraNa hI haiM, kyoMki vyakti jaba taka aparAdha kA prAyazcitta nahIM karatA hai, taba taka usake mana meM usa duSkRtya ke prati ghRNA kA bhAva nahIM AtA hai aura vyakti ke mana meM jaba taka duSkRtya ke prati ghRNA kA bhAva nahIM Ae, taba taka una vRttiyoM se chuTakArA pAnA asaMbhava hai, ataH vyakti ke mana meM duSkRtyoM ke parihAra kI vRtti kA sarjana karane hetu yaha vidhi upayogI hI nahIM, varan sarvazreSTha bhI hai| prAyazcitta kI bhAvanA svataH prerita hone se aparAdhoM kI rokathAma meM ati upayogI hai| Avazyaka-vidhi isa vidhi meM sAdhu evaM zrAvakoM ke lie karaNIya SaDAvazyakoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue unakI vidhi prajJapta kI gaI hai| ina SaDAvazyakoM, arthAt (1) sAmAyika (2) caturviMzatistava (3)vandana (4) pratikramaNa (5) kAyotsarga evaM (6) pratyAkhyAnakA AcaraNa manuSya-jIvana meM atyanta Avazyaka hai| sAmAyika-vidhi se jahA~ vyakti samatA kI sAdhanA karatA hai, vahIM caturviMzatistava se guNIjanoM kA anurAgI hotA hai| vandana se vaha apane ArAdhya ke prati ahobhAva tathA gurujanoM ke prati vinaya ko prakaTa karatA hai| pratikramaNa se apane duSkRtyoM kI AlocanA, kAyotsarga evaM pratyAkhyAna-vidhi ke mAdhyama se vyakti deha evaM paudgalika vastuoM ke prati mamatvavRtti kA tyAga karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha sampUrNa kriyA-kalApa vyakti ko sAdhanAparaka banAte haiM, kintu Aja hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti ke pAsa ina saba cIjoM ke lie samaya hI nahIM hai| isa sabako ve vyartha samaya naSTa karanA mAnate haiN| aisI mAnasikatA ke kAraNa loga dina-pratidina ina pravRttiyoM se dUra hote jA rahe haiM tathA inake AdhyAtmika lAbhoM se vaMcita hote jA rahe haiN| isakA duSprabhAva Aja hama pratyakSa dekha rahe haiM, vaha yaha ki vyakti samatA ke abhAva meM rAga-dveSa kI gA~Tha bA~dha lete haiN| unake mana meM na to apane Adarza ke prati ahobhAva hai aura na viny| aisI paristhitiyoM meM vyakti ko guNAnurAgI banAne, samatA Adi guNoM se AplAvita karane hetu yaha saMskAra svayaMsiddha maMtra ke samAna hai|

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406 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI tapa-vidhi tapazcaryA zarIra evaM indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane, pApoM kA kSaya karane evaM vAsanAoM se vimukti ke lie Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra tapa kevala zarIra ko kaSTa dene kI prakriyA hI nahIM hai, balki Atmazuddhi kI bhI prakriyA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna AcAryoM ne prAyazcitta ke dasa prakAroM meM bhI tapa kA prAvadhAna kiyA hai, kintu vartamAna ke isa bhautikavAdI yuga meM ina tapoM kA koI mahatva nahIM raha gayA haiN| loga mAtra apanI indriyoM kA poSaNa karane meM hI lage hue hai tathA yaha mAnate haiM ki jinheM khAne ko nahIM milatA hai, ve loga hI tapasyA karate haiM, kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai, jinheM khAne ko milatA hai, ve bhI tapasyA karate haiN| kyoMki ve sahI arthoM meM tapasyA ke artha ko samajhate haiN| tapasyA se Atmazuddhi ke sAtha-sAtha zarIrazuddhi bhI hotI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra tapa Atma vizuddhi yA cittavizuddhi kA anupama hetu hai| sAtha hI tapa zarIrazuddhi kA bhI mAdhyama hai| mukhyatayA zArIrika kriyAoM ke lie yA zArIrika USmA ke lie IMdhana khAdya padArthoM ke kArbohAiDreTa evaM carbI se prApta hotA hai| upavAsa ke daramyAna bhojana rUpI IMdhana nahIM milane se zarIra meM saMgRhIta carbI jalane lagatI hai tathA anAvazyaka rUpa se jamA huA zarIra kA kUr3A-kacarA bhI jalatA hai| cikitsakoM ne bhI apane anubhavoM ke AdhAra para mAnA hai ki kaI bImAriyoM meM davAI ke bajAya upavAsa adhika lAbhadAyaka hai| jvara, ekz2imA, raktacApa, cecaka, damA, bavAsIra Adi meM upavAsa rAmabANa auSadhi hai| isa prakAra svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha vidhi upayogI hai| padAropaNa-vidhi isa vidhi ke mAdhyama se sAmAjika evaM rAjanItika mukhya padoM para yogya vyaktiyoM ko abhisikta kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM yaha saMskAra atyanta upayogI hai| isake abhAva meM saMgha evaM samAja meM arAjakatA kI sthiti bana jAtI hai, kyoMki yogya adhikArI ke abhAva meM samAja evaM rAjya kI vyavasthA kA saMcAlana sahI DhaMga se nahIM ho pAtA hai| ayogya padAdhikArI svayaM hI bhraSTAcAra ke raMga meM raMge hue hone ke kAraNa dUsaroM ke hitAhita kA vicAra nahIM kara pAte haiN| aisI paristhitiyoM meM yogya vyaktiyoM kA cayana kara unheM yogya pada para sthApita karane kI yaha prakriyA nitAMta Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vividha saMskAroM kA apanA-apanA mahatva hai aura unake usa mahatva ke kAraNa hI vartamAna meM bhI unakI upayogitA siddha hotI hai| uparyukta vivecana se ina saMskAroM kI upayogitA vartamAna meM bhI svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai| dUsare, ye saMskAra vyakti kI jIvana-zailI ko bahuta prabhAvita karate haiM

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 407 tathA use isa yogya banAte haiM ki vaha apane sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika dAyitvoM ko pUrA kara ske|

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408 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI sahAyaka grantha sUcI varSa grantha kA nAma lekhaka prakAzaka agnipurANa (1-2) / saM.-paM. zrIrAma saMskRti saMsthAna, 1987 zarmA khvAjAkutuba, vedanagara, barelI (u.pra.) antakRtdazAMga | saM.-madhukaramuni Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1660 byAvara (rAjasthAna) abhidhAnarAjendrakoza | zrImadrAjendrasUri / zrI abhidhAnarAjendrakoza 1686 (bhAga-5) prakAzana saMsthA, ahamadAbAda AcAradinakara (1-2) | zrIvardhamAnasUri nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, 1922 baoNmbe AcArAMgasUtra (1) saM.-muni AcArya zrI 1963 zrIsamadarzIjI AtmArAmajI jainAgama prakAzana samiti, jainasthAnaka, ludhiyAnA AdipurANa (bhAga-2) | jinasenAcArya, anu. bhAratIya jJAnapITha - DaoN. pannAlAla prakAzana, jaina 18-insTITyUzanala, eriyA, lodI ror3a, naI dillI AdipurANa parizIlana | saM.-DaoN. phUlacandra AcArya jJAnasAgara 2001 jaina vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara (rAja.) AdipurANa meM bhArata | nemicaMdra zAstrI gaNezavarNI jaina 1668 granthamAlA, vArANasI ArAdhanAsAra anu.-AryikA zrI digambara jaina 2002 supArzvamatijI madhyaloka, zodha saMsthAna, sammetazikharajI AvazyakasUtra saM.-madhukaramuni Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1664 byAvara (rAjasthAna) uttarAdhyayanasUtra saM.-madhukaramuni | Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1961 2000

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varSamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 409 varSa grantha kA nAma lekhaka prakAzaka byAvara (rAjasthAna) upadhAnavidhi saM.-paMnyAsa zrI sihora jaina saMgha, vi.saM. zrIkAntivijayajI jJAnakhAtA -2502 upAsakadazAMgasUtra saM.-madhukara muni Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1986 byAvara (rAjasthAna) oghaniyukti saM.-vijayajinendra zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina sUrIzvara granthamAlA, lAkhAvAbala, zAMtipurI (saurASTra) aupapAtikasUtra saM.-madhukaramuni Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1962 byAvara (rAjasthAna) kalpasUtra saM.-vinayasAgarajI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, | 1684 jayapura kalyANakalikA zrI kalyANavijayajI zrI kalyANavijayajI 1687 (bhAga-1) zAstrasaMgraha samiti, jAlora (rAja.) kalyANakalikA zrI kalyANavijayajI | zrI AdinAtha jaina vi.saM.(bhAga-2) zvetAmbara maMdira, 2051 cikapeTa, baiMgalora kriyAkoSa anu.-paM. pannAlAla zrI madrAjacaMdra Azrama, | 1985 jaina sTezana- AgAsa, bAyAANaMda, posTa-borIyA (gujarAta) kharataragaccha kA bRhad | vinayasAgarajI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 2004 itihAsa jayapura chedapiNDa mANikacanda digambara 1678 jaina graMthamAlA, hIrAbAga, muMbaI chedazAstra indranandiyogIndra mANikacanda digambara 1678 jaina graMthamAlA, hIrAbAga, muMbaI jinaratnakoza (bhAga-1) | haridAmodara beMlakara | bhaNDArakara oriyanTala | 1646 risarca insaTITyUTa, pUnA

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410 grantha kA nAma jItakalpasUtra jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha jainadharma meM yApanIya sampradAya jaina saMskAra vidhi itihAsa ( bhAga - 5 ) jainendra siddhAMtakoza (1-4) jJAtAdharmakathA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha sAhitya paM. aMbAlAla pre. zAha taporatna mahodadhi dazavaikAlikasUtra lekhaka DaoN. arUNa pratApasiMha paM. nAthUlAla jaina zAstrI ahamadAbAda pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI. TI. AI. ror3a, karauMdI, vArANasI DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha jinendravarNI saM. - madhuramuni pra. saM.- DaoN. zrI prakAza pANDeya prakAzaka bhAI zrI babalacaMdra kezavalAla modI, paTela kI pola, anu.- paM. khUbacandrajI saM.jinendravijayajI saM.- tha sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI varSa hAjA saMsthAna, AI. TI. AI. ror3a, karauMdI, vArANasI zrI vIra nirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, gommaTagiri, indaura pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, jainAzrama, hindU yunivarsiTI, vArANasI bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18- insTITyUzanala, eriyA, lodI ror3a, naI dillI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna) pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI. TI. AI. ror3a, karauMdI, vArANasI zeTha maNIlAla revAzaMkara jagajIvana javerI, baoNmbe zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhAvAbala, zAMtipurI (saurASTra) jaina vizvabhAratI, lAr3anU 1686 1666 2000 1663 1681 1668 vi.saM. 1686 1654 1674

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 411 grantha kA nAma prakAzaka / varSa dazAzrutaskandha saM. madhukaramuni / AgamaprakAzana samiti, 1962 byAvara dIkSAyoga vidhi saM.-zAntivimalagaNi| zrI amRta-himmala-zAnti | vi.saM. vimalajI jaina grantha 2018 mAlAvatI, zrI jasavaMtalAla, giradharalAlazAha, kubera nagara, ahamadAbAda dharmazAstra kA itihAsa | DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana | uttarapradeza hindI (1-4) kANe saMsthAna, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, lakhanaU dharmAmRta aNagAra anu.- paM. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1677 kailAzacandra zAstrI bI/45-47, kanaoNTa plesa, naI dillI nirvANakalikA pAdaliptAcArya mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa javerI, nirNayasAgara, mudrAlaya, baoNmbe saM.-madhukaramuni Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1661 byAvara (rAjasthAna) paramAtmaprakAza anu.-rAvajIbhAI manubhAI bha. modI, 1662 desAI evaM zrI zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, paMDita guNabhadra jaina sTezana-AgAsa, bAyA ANaMda, posTa-borIyA paMcavastuka grantha | anu.- rAjazekhara arihaMta ArAdhaka TrasTa, sUrIzvarajI hindustAna milsa sTorsa, 481 ganI apArTamenTa, muMbaI, AgarA ror3a, bhivaMr3I nizIthasUtra paMcAzaka prakaraNa anu.-DaoN. dInAnAtha | pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha | 1667 zarmA saMsthAna, AI.TI.AI.

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412 sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI grantha kA nAma pratiSThAkalpa vi.saM. pratiSThApATha pratiSThAmayUkha lekhaka prakAzaka / varSa ror3a, karauMdI, vArANasI sakalacandragaNikRta zeTha nemacaMda melApacaMda jhaverI, jainavAr3I, 2042 upAzraya TrasTa, gopIpurA, sUrata jayasenAcArya zeTha hIrAlAla, nemacaMda / vi.saM. dozI, maMgalavAra peTha, 2452 zolApura saM.-DaoN. mahezacandra kRSNadAsa akAdamI, po. 1966 jozI bA.naM.-1118, ke. 37/118, gopAla maMdira lena, vArANasI | paM. zrIvAyunaMdana caukhambhA amara bhAratI | 2005 mizra prakAzana, po.bA.naM.-138, ke. 37/118, gopAla maMdira lena, vArANasI paM. AzAdharajI paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, | 1674 zrI jaina graMtha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, baoNmbe anu.-hemaprabhAzrIjI | prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, | 1666 jayapura pratiSThAmahodadhi pratiSThAsAroddhAra pravacanasAroddhAra prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlatattva bRhatkalpasUtra bRhadAraNyakopaniSad DaoN. bAbUrAma mahAlakSmI prakAzana, tripAThI AgarA saM.-madhukaramuni Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1962 byAvara (rAjasthAna) bhASyakAra bhagavAn | govinda bhavana, kAryAlaya, | vi.saM. gItApresa, gorakhapura / 2052 anu.- paM. bAla bra. zrI hIrAlAla / 1660 kailAzacandra zAstrI / | khuzAlacandra dozI, zaMkara bhagavatI ArAdhanA

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana grantha kA nAma lekhaka bhikSu Agama viSayakoza (bhAga - 1) manusmRti mUlAcAra mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yatisAmAcArI ( yatidinacaryA) yAjJavalkyasmRti yogazAstra ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra __rAjaprazna vAstusAra prakaraNa pra. saM.- AcArya mahAprajJa saM.- paM. zrIrAma zarmA saM. - DaoN. phUlacandra jaina, DaoN. zrImatI munnI jaina DaoN. phUlacandra jaina premI saM. - vijayajinendrasUri anu. - vijayakezara sUrIzvara anu. - paM. sadAsukhadAsa jI kAsalIvAla prakAzaka phalaTaNa, (bAkharIkara) jaina vizva bhAratI, saM.- madhukaramuni anu. - paM. lADanU saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA kutuba, vedanagara, barelI ( u . pra . ) bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSada saM. - paM. zrIrAma zarmA saMskRti saMsthAna, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI. TI. AI. ror3a, karauMdI, vArANasI-5 zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhAvAbala, zAMtipurI (saurASTra ) khvAjAkutuba, vedanagara, barelI (u.pra.) mukticaMda zramaNa ArAdhanA, girivihAra, pAlItANA paM. sadAsukha granthamAlA, zrI vItarAga vijJAna svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, vItarAga vijJAna bhavana, purAnI maNDI, ajamera (rAja.) Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna) rAja-rAjendra prakAzana 413 varSa 1666 1666 1687 1667 1661 1686

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414 sAdhvI mokSaralA zrI grantha kA nAma vidhimArgaprapA vidhisaMgraha vipAkasUtra viMzativizikA vizeSAvazyakabhASya lekhaka prakAzaka / varSa bhagavAnadAsa jaina TrasTa, rAja-rAjendra hAthIkhAnA, ahamadAbAda jinaprabhasUrikRta | prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 2000 jayapura saM.-pramodasAgarasUri AgamoddhAraka jJAnazAlA, ema.ema. jaina, sosAyaTI, varasor3AnI cAla, sAbaramatI, ahamadAbAda saM.-madhukaramuni | Agama prakAzana samiti, | 1962 byAvara (rAjasthAna) saM.-dharmarakSita 687/1, chIpApola, vijayajI kAlUpura, ahamadAbAda anu.-zAha bhaMdrakara prakAzana, 46/1, visaM.cunIlAla hakamacanda mahAlakSmI sosAyaTI, 2053 sujAtA phleTa ke pAsa, zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda saM.-madhukaramuni Agama prakAzana samiti, 1EE2 byAvara (rAjasthAna) DaoN. vijayakumAra pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha 2003 saMsthAna, AI.TI.AI. | (aMka | ror3a, karauMdI, vArANasI | 1-3) anu.- sAdhvI zrImAn basaMtIlAlajI 1954 zrIsujJAnazrIjI | kocara, hIMgaNaghATa (mahArASTra) | saM.-paM. hIrAlAla | jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka 1688 jaina zAstrI | saMgha, zolApura anu.- DaoN. surendra | prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 2001 botharA jayapura vyavahArasUtra zramaNa (patrikA) jhA zrAddhasaMskAra kumudendu zrAvakAcAra saMgraha (1-5) zrAvakadharma vidhi prakaraNa zrIprabhuvidyA pratiSThArNava paM. daulatarAma gaur3a | sAvitrI ThAkura prakAzana, | 2004 rathayAtrA, vArANasI

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vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM pratipAdita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lekhaka saM.- AcArya devendra sAgara grantha kA nAma zrI bRhadyoga vidhi zrIsaptopadhAna vidhi SoDaza saMskAra vivecana saMvegaraMgazAlA saMskRta-hindI koza sAgAradharmAmRta sAmAcArI subodhAsAmAcArI sthAnAMgasUtra svataMtratA ke sUtra harivaMzapurANa harivaMzapurANaH eka sAMskRtika adhyayana prakAzaka zrI umedakhAnti jaina jJAna maMdira, jhIMjhuvAr3A saM.-munimaMgalasAgara zrI jinadattasUri jJAna paM. zrIrAma zarmA jinacandrasUri vAmana zivarAma oNpTe anu. - AryA. supArzva tilakAcAryaviracita candrasUrikRta saM.- jambuvijayajI samI. - AcArya kanakanaMdI anu. - DaoN. pannAlAla jaina DaoN. rAmamUrti caudharI bhaNDAra, sUrata akhaNDa jyoti saMsthAna, mathurA paNDita bAbubhAI savacaMda, 655/a, manasukhabhAI pola, kAlUpura, ahamadAbAda bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI bhAratavarSIya anekAMta vidvat pariSada zeTha DAhyAbhAI mokamacaMda, pAMjarA pola, ahamadAbAda zreSTha devacaMdalAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra baoNmbe zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, baoNmbe dharmadarzana vijJAna zodha prakAzana nikaTa digambara jaina atithi bhavana, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18- insTITyUzanala, eriyA, lodI ror3a, naI dillI sulabha prakAzana, 17 azoka mArga, lakhanaU 415 varSa 1684 vi.saM. 2006 1665 1666 1665 1660 vi.saM. 1680 1685 1662 1666 1686

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416 grantha kA nAma hindUdharmako hindU saMskAra humbuja zramaNa bhakti saMgraha ( prathama khaNDa ) lekhaka DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya zrIsaMtakumAra khaNDAkA sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI prakAzaka uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, lakhanaU caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, po.bA. naM. - 1066, vArANasI khaNDAkA jaina jvelarsa, haldiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura varSa 1678 1665

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prAcya vidyApITha: eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 meM saMcAlita prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI rASTrIya rAjamArga para sthita hai| isa saMsthAna kA mukhya uddezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko puna: pratiSThita karanA hai| isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindU dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 10,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hasta likhita pANDulipiyA~ hai| yahA~ 40 patra-patrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai| isa parisara meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zodhArthiyoM aura mumukSujanoM ke lie adhyayana-adhyApana ke sAtha-sAtha nivAsa, bhojana Adi kI bhI uttama vyavasthA hai| zodhakAryoM ke mArgadarzana evaM zikSaNa hetu DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kA satat sAnidhya prApta hai| ise vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina dvArA zodha saMsthAna ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai| prakAzana sUcI 1. jaina darzana ke nava tattva-DaoN.dharmazIlAjI 2. Peace and Religious Hormony-Dr. Sagarmal Jain 3. ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 4. jaina dharma kI aitihAsika vikAsa yAtrA-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 5. jaina gRhastha ke SoDaza saMskAra-anu. sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI 6. jaina muni jIvana ke vidhi-vidhAna-anu. sAdhvI mokSaratnAzrI 7. anubhUti evaM darzana-sAdhvI rUcidarzanAzrI 8. jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa-sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI 9. pratiSThA, zAntikakarma, pauSTika karma evaM bali vidhAna-anu. sAdhvI mokSaratnAzrI 10. prAyazcita, Avazyaka, tapa evaM padAropaNa vidhi-anu. mokSaratnAzrI 11.dharma kA marma-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 12. jaina dharma meM ArAdhanA kA svarUpa-sAdhvI priyadivyAMjanAzrI 13. jaina saMskAra evaM vidhi vidhAna-sAdhvI mokSaratnAzrI www.jainelibrary org

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pravacana-sAroddhAra pravacana-sArobAra Junarne lerikhakA eka paricaya.... sAdhvI zrI mokSaratnAzrIjI kA janma rAjasthAna ke gulAbI nagara jayapura meM san 1975 ko eka susaMskArita dhArmika parivAra meM huaa| pitA zrI chaganalAlajIjunIvAla evaM mAtA zrImatI kAntAbAI ke dhArmika saMskAroM kAApake bAla mana para itanA gaharA prabhAva par3A ki vyavahArika adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha hI Apa dhArmika adhyayana para vizeSa dhyAna dene lgii| zanai:zanai: ApameM vairAgya-bhAvanA vikasita hotI gaI aura cAritra vrata aMgIkAra karane kA nirNaya le liyaa|aapke dRr3ha saMkalpa ko dekhakara parijanoM ne saharSa dIkSA grahaNa kI AjJA pradAna krdii|aNttH san 1998 meM jayapura meM hIpU. caMdrakalA zrIjI ma.sA. kI pAvana nizrA meM pa.pU.harSayazAzrIjI ma.sA.kI ziSyA ke rUpa meM dIkSita ho gayI|ApakA nAma sAdhvI mokSaratnA zrI rakhA gayA / dhArmika adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha Apane gujarAta yUnivarsiTI se snAtakottara upAdhi prApta kI ApaneDaoN.sAgaramalajI ke nirdezana meM "AcAradinakara meM varNita saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana parazodha prabandha likhakara jaina vizva bhAratI lADanU se "DAkTarekTa" kI padavI prApta kI haiN| ' PintedalAkratloffset, OBJAINIPT0734-2561720,98272-42489, 98276917