Pramukh Jainacharyo ka Sanskrit Kavyashastro me Yogadan

Author(s): Rashmi Pant
Publisher: Ilahabad University
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010447/1

Page #1
THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.

Page #2
pramukha jainAcAryoM kA saMskRta kAvyazAstra yogadAna ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya kI pI0 eca0 DI0 upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha - prabandha prastutakoM razmi panta nirdezaka DA0 surezacandra pANDe prAdhyApaka saMskRta - vibhAga APALL QUOT saMskRta - vibhAga ilAhAbAda - vizvavidyAlaya 1992

Page #3
prAkkathana sAmAnyatayA kavi ke karma ko kAvya kahA jAtA hai| ata: sarvaprathama kAvya ke sAtha zAstra pada jor3akara kAvyazAstra nAma prayukta huA hai| kAvyazAstra viSayaka ganyo' ko bhAmaha, rUTa, vAmana Adi AcAryoM ne "kAvyAlaMkAra' saMjJA se abhihita kiyaa| ata: kAlAntara meM alaMkArazAstra kA bhI prayoga hone lgaa| paiki zabda tathA artha ke sAhitya (sahitayo: bhAvaH sAhityasa) kA nAma kAvya hai| ata: ise sAhityazAstra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kAvyazAstra, alaMkA razAstra aura sAhityazAstra nAma eka hI artha meM prayukta kiye jAne se paryAya hI haiN| sAhitya kA bahuta vyApaka artha hai| isameM sarjanAtmaka aura anuzAsanAtmaka yA samIkSAtmaka sAhitya sabhI kucha A jAtA hai| anuzAsanAtmaka sAhitya sarjanAtmaka sAhitya kA niyAmaka hai| alaMkA razAstra kA sambandha isI anuzAsanAtmaka yA samIkSAtmaka sAhitya se hai| ata: isakA jJAna atyAvazyaka hai| adyAvadhi jina alaMkArazAstroM kA zodha-dRSTi se adhyayana kiyA gayA hai, unameM jainAcAryoM dvArA racita alaMkArazAstroM kI gaphnA svalpa hai, ata: unakI zodha - khoja Avazyaka hai jisase sudhIjanoM ko jainAcAryo

Page #4
kI kAvyazAstraviSayaka mAnyatAoM para vicAra karane kA avasara prApta hogaa| prastuta zodha - prabandha "pramukha jainAcAryoM kA saMskRtakAvyazAstra meM yogadAna* isI dizA meM eka vinama prayAsa hai| ___jainadharma prArambha se hI bahuvyApI tathA bahujIvI dharma rahA hai usakI paramparA Aja bhI avicchinna rUpa te vidyamAna hai| sAhitya kI pratyeka vidhA ko nyUnAdhika rUpa se jaina - manISiyoM ne apanI pratibhA dvArA saMvArA hai| dharma - darzana tathA AcAra - niyama ke atirikta vyAkarapa, sAhitya, koza Adi viSayoM para aneka aise gantha upalabdha haiM, jinake racayitA jaina the| kAvyazAstra jaise gambhIra viSaya para bhI jainAcAryo dvArA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM kI mUla bhASA prAkRta hai, parantu kAlAntara meM unhoMne saMskRta bhASA ko apanI bhAvA bhivyakti kA sAdhana banAyA kyoMki IsA kI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoM meM saMskRta - bhASA kA pracAra - prasAra thaa| isa bhASA kA adhyayana va cintana - manana na karane vAloM ke liye apane vicAroM ko surakSita rakha pAnA kaThina ho gayA thaa| bhAratIya dArzanika darzana sambandhI gaTa tatvoM ko apane granthoM meM saMskRta bhASA meM hI saMjote the| sAtha hI tatkAlIna samAja meM saMskRta bhASA meM likhanA tathA zAstrArtha Adi meM saMskRta - bhASA kA prayoga karanA vidvattA kA pratIka bana gayA thaa| tarka,

Page #5
lakSapa tathA sAhitya usa yuga kI mahA vidyAyeM thI tathA isa mahattrayI kA pANDitya rAjadarabAra tathA janasamAja meM agragaNya hone ke liye Avazyaka thaa| ata : jainAcAryoM ne apanI pratiSThA banAye rakhane va pratibhA ko kasauTI para kasane hetu saMskRta bhASA ko bhAvAbhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAkara sAhitya ke pratyeka kSetra ko apanI mahatvapUrNa racanAoM dvArA pallavita va puSpita kiyA jinameM kAvyazAstra bhI eka hai| prastuta zodha - prabandha ko sapta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya, "saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke pramukha jainAcArya vyaktitva va kRtitva meM cha: jainAcAryo'- AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama, hemacanda, rAmacandragupacandra, narendraprabhasari, vAgbhaTa dvitIya va bhAvadevatari kA aitihAsika krama se paricaya hai, jinameM unake mAtA-pitA, gurU, kula - gotra va samaya Adi para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAtha hI unake dvArA racita anya granthoM kA ullekha karate hue unake alaMkArazAstra viSayaka granthoM kA sAmAnya paricaya diyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya "kAvya-svarUpa, hetu va prayojana" meM sarvaprathama kAvyasvarUpa para vicAra karate hue vibhinna AdhAroM para kAvya ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| kAvya-bhedoM ke antargata mahAkAvya ke svarUpa va usake varSanIya viSayoM kA ullekha hai| isI prasaMga meM kAvya ke anya bheda-AkhyAyikA, kathA, campa, ":

Page #6
44 va anibada (muktaka) para vizeSa rUpa se vicAra kiyA hai| tatpazcAt dhvani ke AdhAra para mAnya kAvya-bheda, dhvani-bheda, kAvya-hetu va kAvya-prayojana para kramaza: prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya "jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM rasa - svarUpa vivecana * maiM pUrvakathita chaH pramukha jainAcAryoM kI rasa viSayaka mAnyatAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM sarvaprathama rasa kA mahattva va usake svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai| A. rAmacandra - gupacandra kI rasa viSayaka isa mAnyatA kI ki " rasa sukha-duHkhAtmaka hai" kI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai| isI krama meM rasoM ke sabhI bhedoM para pRthaka-pRthaka vicAra kiyA hai tathA anuyogadvArasUtrakAra dvArA bhayAnaka rasa ke sthAna para mAnya vrIDanaka rasa kA vivecana kiyA hai| tatpazcAta vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicAribhAva, sAttvikabhAva, sthAyibhAva va rasAbhAsa va bhAvAbhAsa para vicAra kiyA hai| caturtha adhyAya "doSa - vivecana" meM doSa kA svarUpa prastuta karate hue jainAcAryoM dvArA mAnya padadoSa, padAMzadoSa, vAkyadoSa, ubhayadoSa, arthaToSa va rasadoSoM para pRthaka-pRthaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt doSa parihAra kA bhI ullekha hai / paMcama adhyAya "guNa-vivecana va jainAcArya " meM guNa sambandhI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karate hue gupa ke svarUpa va bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM dvArA mAnya

Page #7
gupa-bhedoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya "alaMkAra-vivecana va jainAcArya" meM alaMkAra ke sAmAnya svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tatpazcAta zabda va artha kI pradhAnatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara alaMkAra ke zabdAlaMkAra Adi bhedoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA anta meM prakRti ke AdhAra para mAnya arthAlaMkAroM ke vargIkarapa kA vivecana hai| saptama adhyAya "nATya kA samAveza" meM nATyazAstrIya tatvoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| inameM jainAcAryo dvArA racita alaMkArazAstroM meM pAye jAne vAle nATya tattva hI pramukha haiN| nATya kI utpatti, nATyazAstrIya pramukha granthoM kA paricaya, nAyaka-svarUpa usake sAtvika gupa tathA usake bheda, pratinAyakasvarUpa, nAyaka ke anya sahAyaka pAtroM - vidUSaka Adi, nAyikA - svarUpa, nAyikA-bheda, nAyikA ke sattvaja alaMkAra, pratinAyikA tathA nATya vRttiyAM vivecya viSaya haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha ke prastutIkarapa meM, maiM adeya gurUvarya DA. surezacandra jI pANDe (prAdhyApaka, saMskRta - vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya) kI hRdaya se AbhArI hai, jinake kuzAla - nirdezana, kRpA va sajjanatA se yaha zodha - prabandha anupANita huA hai| sAtha hI maiM zraddhaya gurUvarya DA. surezacandra jI zrIvAstava (adhyakSa, saMskRta - vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya) kI bhI hRdaya se AbhArI hai jinhoMne apanI kRpA va sneha

Page #8
kA pAtra mujhe sarvadA samajhA / isa prasaMga meM, maiM apane samasta gurUjanoM kI bhI hradaya te kRtajJa hU~ jinakI sadbhAvanA va sneha mere avalamba rhe| 6 mujhe apane mitroM se sadA isa kArya ko sampanna karane hetu preraNA tathA utsAha prApta hotA rahA, jisakI abhilASA mujhe sarvadA hI rhegii| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ke nidezaka AdaraNIya DA. sAgaramala jI jaina va adhikAriyoM tathA kendrIya pustakAlaya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke adhikAriyoM kI bhI maiM AbhArI hU~, jinakI kRpA se aneka granthoM ke avalokana tathA upayoga karane kI suvidhA milii| ilAhAbAda di. - 9.7.1992 razmi panta

Page #9
viSayAnukramapikA pRSTha saMkhyA prAkkathana | - 6 prathama adhyAya saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke pramukha jainAcArya vyaktitva va kRtitva AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama vAgbhaTAlaMkAra AcArya hemacandra kAvyAnuzAsana AcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra nATyadarpapa AcArya narendraprabhatari alaMkAramahodadhi AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya kAvyAnuzAsana AcArya bhAvadevatari kAvyAlaMkAraptAra dvitIya adhyAya kAvyasvarUpa, hetu, prayojana kAvyasvarUpa kAvya-bheda 46 - 123 46 - 56 46 - 1

Page #10
pRSTha saMkhyA dhvani ke AdhAra para kAvya-bheda jainAcAryoM ke anusAra dhvani-bheda vivecana kAvya-hetu kAvya-prayojana 71 - 78 79 - 97 98 - 112 112 - 123 tRtIya adhyAya jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM rasa-svarUpa vivecana rasa-svarUpa rasa-bheda 124 - 139 140 - 146 146 - 157 161 - 163 bhaMgAra rasa hAsya rasa karUNa rata raudra rata vIra rasa bhayAnaka rasa vIbhatsa rasa 170 - 171 172 - 173 173 - 177 adabhuta rasa zAnta rasa sthAyibhAva vibhAva 177 - 183 183 - 184 185 - 188 anubhAva vyabhicAribhAva sAttvika bhAva 188 - 198 198 - 200 rasAbhAsa va bhAvAbhAsa 200-203

Page #11
caturtha adhyAya doSa - vivecana 204 - 278 204 - 206 206 - 276 208 - 216 216 doSa - svarUpa doSa - bheda padadoSa padAMzagata doSa vAkya - doSa ubhaya - doSa artha - doSa rasa - doSa doSa - parihAra 217 - 234 234 - 246 247 - 262 262 - 276 276 - 278 paMcama adhyAya gapavivecana va jainAcArya 279 - 309 gapa - vicAra gupa - bheda - 286 286 - 309 SaSTha adhyAya alaMkAra vivecana va jainAcArya 310 - 348 310 - 314 314 alaMkAra svarUpa alaMkAra saMkhyA alaMkAra vargIkarapa zabdAlaMkAra vivecana arthAlaMkAra vivecana 315 315 -325 325 -348

Page #12
pRSTha saMkhyA saptama adhyAya nATya kA samAveza 349 -390 349 - 352 352 - nATya kI utpatti pAtra vidhAna nAyaka-svarUpa nAyaka ke sAtvika gupa nAyaka ke bheda 354 357 355 - 357 357 - 363 anya nAyaka 364 pratinAyaka anya sahAyaka pAtra nAyikA svarUpa nAyikA bheda pratinAyikA nAyikAoM ke alaMkAra nATyavRttiyAM 364 - 365 365 - 366 366 367 - 375 375 376-382 383-390 391 saMkSipta saketa sUcI sahAyaka grantha sUcI 392 - 398

Page #13
prathama adhyAyaH saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke pramukha jainAcArya vyaktitva va kRtitva jainAcAryoM ne jahAM nyAya, vyAkarapa, koza Adi vividha viSayoM para maulika ganthoM kI racanA kI hai, vahIM, kAvyazAstra jaise lokopayogI viSayoM para bhI gandhoM kA prapayana kiyA hai, jisase unake kAvyazAstrIya jJAna kA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| yApi ina kAvyazAstrIya ganthoM kI gaphnA svalpa rahI hai tathApi inameM katipaya gandharatna aise haiM jisameM unhoMne apanI kucha viziSTa mAnyatAeM pratipAdita kI haiN| ata: saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM jainAcAryoM kI dena mahatvapUrNa hai| kAla kI dRSTi se prathama jainAcArya AryarakSita IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke haiN| tathA antima AcArya sidvicandragapi IsA kI SoDaza zatI ke haiM, isake atirikta kaI TIkAkAra hai, jinakI paraMparA aSTAdaza tI taka vistRta hai| Arya rakSita yadhapi vizuddha AlaMkArika nahIM haiM tathApi inake dvArA racita 'anuyogadArasUtra' se unake alaMkArazAstrIya jJAna kI jhalaka milatI hai| tatpazcAt eka lambI avadhi taka jainAcAryoM dvArA racita alaMkArazAstroM kA abhAva hai| IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM kisI ajJAtanAmA jainAcArya dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha "alaMkAradappapa" nAmaka gandha milatA hai| prathama zatI ke AryarakSita va ekAdaza pAtI ke alaMkAradappapakAra ke anantara vAgbhaTa prathama se prArambha hone vAlI jaina AlaMkArikoM kI paraMparA mehama praviSTa hote haiM, jo dvAdaza zatAbdI se avicchanna calatI hai| ___AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ke "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra' meM kAvyazAstrIya viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya hemacandra kRta "kAvyAnuzAsana' gandha / unakA alaMkAraviSayaka ekamAtra gandha hai| isa grantha meM alaMkArazAstrIya gupa-doSa,

Page #14
alaMkAra Adi viSayoM ke atirikta nATyazAstrIya nAyaka - nAyikA di vividha viSayoM kA saMbhavataH prathamataH varNana milatA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke ziSya rAmacandra-gupacandra viracita "nATyadarpapa" to nATyazAstrIya jJAna hetu darpaNa hI hai, isameM aneka navIna mAnyatAoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| AcArya narendraprabhatari kRta "alaMkAramahodadhi ATha taraMgoM meM vibhakta hai, jisameM alaMkArazAstrIya samasta viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| amaracandratari kI "kAvyakalpalatA - vRtti va vinayacandrasari kI "kAvya-zikSA" ye donoM gandha kAvya - racanA ke icchukoM hetu atyupayogI haiN| dasa paricchedoM meM vibhakta vijayavI kI "zrRMgArArpavacandrikA alaMkAraviSayaka gantha hai| ajitasena dvArA racita "alaMkA racintAmapi pA~ca paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai, isake dvitIya, tRtIya, va caturtha paricchedoM meM kevala alaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jo ajitatena ke alaMkArazAstrIya gaMbhIra jJAna kA sUcaka hai| AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne bhI "kAvyAnuzAsana" nAma se eka gantha kI racanA kI hai, isameM adhikAMza sAmagrI hemacandrAcArya ke "kAvyAnuzAsana" ke AdhAra para vivecita hai| maMDanamantrI kA "alaMkAramaNDana aura bhAvadevatari kA "kAvyAlaMkAratAra" - ye do alaMkArazAstrIya laghu gantha haiM, jinameM prAcIna paddhati kA anusarapa kiyA gayA hai| padamasundaragapi kA "akabaratAzrRiMgAradarpapa' nATyazAstrIya grantha hai, isameM vividha mahatvapUrNa viSayoM kA vivecana hai| sidvicandragapi kA "kAvyaprakAzakhaNDana' AcArya mammaTa ke prasiddha gandha "kAvyaprakAza ke khaNDana kI dRSTi se likhita hai| ___uparyukta ganthoM ke atirikta anya aneka grantha va TIkAeM bhI haiM, jo yatra-tatra vibhinna gandha-bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiM athavA jinakA yatra-tatra ganthoM meM ullekha mAtra milatA hai|

Page #15
prastuta zodha-prabandha meM ukta jainAcAryoM meM se, cha: pramukha jainAcAryoAcArya vAgmaTa prathama, AcArya hemacandra, AcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra , AcArya narendraprabhasUri, AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya evaM AcArya mAvadevatari ke ganthoM - kramamAH "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra', "kAvyAnuzAsana", "nATyadarpapa", "alaMkAramahodadhiH, "kAvyAnuzAsana evaM "kAvyAlaMkArasAra' - ke AdhAra para saMskRta kAvyazAstra maiM unake yogadAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke kSetra meM AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama kI prasiddhi unake dvArA prapIta gandha vAgbhaTAlaMkAra" ke kAraNa hai| inake sambandha meM itanA to nissandigdha hai ki ye jainadharmAnuyAyI the| "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra' kA prArambha maMgala jainadharma tathA janadarzana ke pati vAgbhaTa kI AsthA va manastuSTi kA paricAyaka hai|' yadyapi AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama evaM AcArya hemacandra donoM samakA lika haiM tathApi kAla kI dRSTi se vAgbhaTa prathama hemacandra ke pUrvavartI haiM, kintu vAgbhaTa prathama kI apekSA AcArya hemacandra ko adhika prasiddhi prApta huI hai, isaliye kucha vidvAnoM ne AcArya hemacandra ko pUrva meM sthAna diyA hai evaM vAgbhaTa prathama ko pazcAta meN|2 "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra' prapetA vAgbhaTa ko vAgbhaTa prathama kahanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki isI nAma ke eka aura AlaMkArika ho cuke haiM jinhoMne"kAvyAnuzAsana" 1. "triyaM dvizata vo devaH zrInAmeya jina H sdaa| ___ vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 1/1 draSTavya - saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - anamaMgaladeva zAstrI , pR. 468 haTavya - alaMkAra dhArapA vikAsa va vizleSapa, pu. 224 va pU. 229

Page #16
kI racanA kI hai| inheM abhinava vAgbhaTa athavA "vAgbhaTa dvitIya" ke nAma te abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| egaliMga (Eggeling ) ne bhrAMtivaza ina donoM lekhakoM ko eka hI vyakti samajhakara use donoM granthoM kA racayitA mAna liyA hai| kintu kAvyAnuzAsanakAra vAgbhaTa dvitIya dvArA apane grantha meM svayaM vAgbhaTa prathama kA ullekha donoM ke paraspara bhinna hone kiMvA bhinna bhinna alaMkAra - granthoM ke praNayana karane kA eka prAmANika saMketa hai jisameM kisI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Ayurveda ke prakaraNa grantha "aSTAMgahRdaya" ke racayitA bhI "vAgbhaTa " nAma ke hI AcArya ho cuke haiM kintu inheM "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra" ke prapetA vAgbhaTa prathama se abhinna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki donoM kI vaMza-paramparA bhinna bhinna hai tathA donoM kA kAryakAla bhI eka nahIM / - vAgbhaTa prathama ne apane vaMza ke sambandha meM kucha thor3A sA saMketa "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra" meM kiyA hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki inakA prAkRta nAma "bAhaDa" tathA pitA kA nAma soma thaa| 3 1. saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa lekhaka - suzIla kumAra De anuvAdaka zrI mAyArAma zarmA - - pR. 176-77 4 2. * daNDivA manavA raTA dipapItA yAM kAvyaguNAH / vayaM tu mAdhuryauja : prasAdalakSaNAMstrIneva guNAnmanyAmahe / kAvyAnuzAsana, pR0 31 3. bambhaNDasuttisampuDamuktiamaNipo pahAsamUha vva / sirivAhaDa tti taNao Ati buho tassa somansa / / brahmANDa zaktisampuTa mauktikamaNe: prabhAsamaha iva / zrIvAhaDa iti tanaya AsIdabudhastasya somasya / / vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 4 / 147 pR. 95

Page #17
vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke vyAkhyAkAra zrI siMhadevamaNi ne bhI yahI nirdeza kiyA hai|' inake atirikta vyAkhyAkAra jinavardhanasari evaM kSamahaMsagaNi ne bhI isakI puSTi kI hai| prabhAvakacarita meM kaI sthaloM para vAhaDa ke sthAna para thAhaDa kA prayoga prApta hotA hai tathA jJAta hotA hai ki vAgbhaTa prathama dhanavAna tathA uccakoTi ke zrAvaka the| eka bAra inhoMne svayaM dvArA kisI prazaMsanIya kArya me dhana vyaya karane hetu gurU se AzA mA~gI / gurUne jinamaMdira banavAne meM vyaya kiye gaye dhana ko saphalIbhUta batalAyA thA, tadnaMtara guru kI AjJAnusAra vAgbhaTa ne eka bhavya jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thA jisameM virAjamAna vardhamAna svAmI kI pratimA adbhuta zobhA se yukta thI, jisake teja se candrakAnta evaM sUryakAnta maNi kI prabhA phIkI par3a gaI 3 thii| " vAgbhaTAlaMkAra" ke udAharaNoM meM karNadeva ke putra anahilapaTTana ke cAlukyavaMzI rAjA jayasiMha kI stuti pAyI jAtI hai|" isase yaha nizcita ho 1. "idAnIM granthakAraH idamalaMkArartRtvaravyApanAya vAgbhaTAbhidhasya mahAkavermahAmAtyasya tannAma gA yayaikayA nidarzayati / * 5 2. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, pR. 95 athAsito thADo nAma dhanavAn dhArmikA guNI : prabhAvakArita vAdidevasaricarita, 67 prabhAvaka vAdidevasaricarita, 67-70 30 4. (ka) jagadAtmakIrtinaM janayannuddAmadhAmado : paridhaH | jayati pratApapUSA jayasiMha kSamAbhUdadhinAthaH / / vAgbhaTAlaMkAra 4-45 alahillapATakaM puramavanipati: karpadevanRpa sUnuH / TO 4-131 zrI kalazanAmadheya : karI ca jagatIha ratnAni / / (kha) indreNa kiM yadi sa karpanarendrasUnu:, erAvatena kimaho yadi tadvipendraH dambholinApyalamUlaM yadi tatpratApaH, svargo'pyayaM nanumudhA yadi tatpurI sA vahIM, 4/75 -

Page #18
jAtA hai ki AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama rAjA jayasiMha ke samakAlIna the| rAjA jaya siMha kA rAjyakAla vi0saM0 1150 te / / 11 (1093 I. te / / 43 I.) taka mAnA jAtA hai| ata: vAgbhaTa prathama kA bhI yahI kAla pratIta hotA hai| vAgbhaTa prathama ke uparyukta kAryakAla kI puSTi prabhAvakacarita ke isa kathana se bhI hotI hai ki vi0saM0 1178 meM municandrasari ke samAdhiramaNa hone ke eka varSa pazcAta devatari ke dvArA thADa (vAgbhaTa) ne marti pratiSThA kraaii| isa prakAra vAgbhaTa kA kAla pUrvokta rAjA jayasiMha kA hI kAla jJAta hotA hai| 1. jainAcAryoM kA alaMkA razAstra meM yogadAna, pu, 7 -gaparza tryaMbaka dezapANDene vAgbhaTa kA lekhanakAla riTara. 1122 se 1156 mAnA hai| (pR. 135, bhAratIya sAhityazAstra ) 2. tikAdazake sASTAsaptatau vikrmaarktH| vatsarApAM vyatikAnte shriimunicndrsuuryH|| ArAdhanA vidhipreSThaM kRtvA praayopveshnm| zamapIyUSakallolaplutAtte tridivaM yyuH|| vatsare tatra caikatra parSe zrI devsribhiH| zrIvIrasya pratiSThA pta thADo kaarynmdaa|| -prabhAvakacarita - vAdidevatariracarita, 71-73

Page #19
vAgbhaTAlaMkAra upalabdha sAkSyoM ke anusAra vAgbhaTa prathama kA ekamAtra AlaMkArika ganya "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra' hI prApta hai| rasikalAla pArI kA kathana hai ki yaha kRti jaya siMha ke mAlavA vijaya (1136 I.) tathA usakI mRtya (1143 I.) ke madhyavartI kAla meM samApta huI hogI kyoMki isameM usa vijaya kA ullekha to hai parantu kumArapAla kI prazaMsA me usameM eka bhI praloka nahIM hai|' vAgbhaTAlaMkAra kI aneka prAcIna TIkAeM haiM jo jaina vidvAnoM ke atirikta jainetara vidvAnoM dvArA bhI likhI gaI haiN| inameM pA~ca prasiddha hai -- / 828 838 jinavardhanatariprapIta ttiikaa| siMhadevagapipapIta ttiikaa| kSemahaMsagapiprapIta ttiikaa| anantabhaTTatuta gapezapraNIta ttiikaa| rAjahatopAdhyAya prapIta ttiikaa| 358 itanI adhika TIkAoM se isa gantha kI mahattA siddha hotI hai| 1. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala, se uddhata pR. 21

Page #20
"vAgbhaTAlaMkAra" pA~ca paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM kula milAkara 260 padya haiN| adhikAMza patha anuSTupa meM haiN| pariccheda ke aMta meM katipaya anya chaMdoM meM race gaye haiN| prathama pariccheda meM, maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt kAvya-svarUpa, kAvya-prayojana, kAvyahetu, kAvya meM artha-sphUrti ke pAMca hetu - mAnasika AhlAda navanavonmeSazAlinI buddhi, prabhAtavelA, kAvya-racanA meM abhiniveza tathA samasta zAstroM kA anuzIlana Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara kavi samaya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, isake antargata lokoM va dizAoM kI saMkhyA nirdhAraNa, yamaka, zleSa evaM citrabandha ke anusvAra tathA visarga kI chUTa Adi kA sodAharaNa varNana kiyA gayA hai| 8 - - dvitIya pariccheda meM, kAvya zarIra nirUpapa ke anaMtara kAvya kI racanA ina cAra bhASAoM meM kI jA sakatI hai, saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA bhUtabhASA yaha varNita hai| kAvya ke chanda - nibaddha tathA gaMdha nibadu - ye do tathA gadya, paya evaM mizra ye tIna prakAra ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| isake bAda pada aura vAkya ke ATha dorSoM ke lakSaNa kA udAharaNoM ke sAtha vivecana karake artha - doSoM kA nirUpaNaM kiyA gayA hai| - tRtIya pariccheda meM, audArya, samatAdi dasa kAvyaguNoM kA sodAharaNa lakSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi vAgmaTAlaMkAra meM sarvatra padyoM kA prayoga kiyA

Page #21
kiyA gayA hai tathA pi ojagupa ( 3.14 ) kA udAharapa gaya meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ___ caturtha pariccheda meM, prathamataH alaMkAroM kI upayogitA para prakAza DAlane ke anaMtara citrAdi cAra pabdiAlaMkAroM evaM jAti Adi paiMtIsa arthAlaMkAroM kA sodAharapa varpana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAta gauDIyA evaM vaidarbhI - ina do rItiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| paMcama va aMtima pariccheda meM, rasa-svarUpa, sabheda zrRMgArAdi nau rasa aura unake sthAyI bhAva, anubhAva tathA bhedoM evaM nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke bheda tathA tatsambandhI anya viSayoM kA nirUpapa kiyA gayA hai|

Page #22
-10 AcArya hemacandra - bhAratavarSa ke prAcIna vidvAnoM meM bahumukhI pratibhA sampanna jaina pavetAmbarAcArya zrI hemacandratari kA atyanta ucca sthAna hai| paM0 zivadatta zarmA ke anusAra saMskRta sAhitya aura vikramAditya ke itihAsa meM jo sthAna kAlidAsa kA, zrIharSa ke darabAra meM bApaTTa kA hai, prAyaH vahI sthAna IsavI sana kI bArahavIM sadI ke cAlukyavaMzI supasiddha gurjara - narendrazirAmapi siddharAja jayasiMha ke itihAsa meM hemacandra kA hai|' AcArya hemacandra ne apane yugAntakArI tathA yugasaMsthApaka vyaktitva ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna gajarAta ke sAmAjika, sAhityika tathA rAjanItika itihAsa ke nirmANa meM adbhuta yoga diyaa| ___jarmana vidvAn svargIya DA. balDara ne apane "lAipha Apha hemacandra nAmaka gandha (hi. anuvAdaka - kastUramala bAMThiyA) meM AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana kA AlocanAtmaka vivarapa prastuta kiyA hai| hemacandra ke jIvana kA vivAda vivecana karane meM DA. balDara ne jina cAra ganthoM kI sahAyatA lI hai ve isa prakAra haiM - 1. hemacandrAcArya jIvanacaritra - anu0 kastaramala bAMThiyA 2. hemacandrAcArya jIvanacaritra - anu0 kastUramala bAMThiyA

Page #23
1. 2. merutuMgakRta prabandhacintAmaNi 3. rAjazekhara kA prabandhakoza jinamaNDana upAdhyAya kA kumArapAla pratibodha ! 4. prabhAcandravari kA prabhAvakArita ina vibhinna granthoM te tahAyatA lene ke atirikta svayaM hemacandra dvArA racita dvayAzraya kAvya, siduhemavyAkaraNa kI prazasti, "triSaSTizalAkA purUSacaritAntargata", mahAvIracarita" Adi se bhI DA bUlhara ne hemacandra ke jIvana ke sAkSya ekatrita kiye haiN| inake atirikta hemacandra ke jIvana para prakAza DAlane vAle nimna grantha bhI sAmane Aye haiM - 1. 2. 11 somaprabha sUrikRta "kumArapAla pratibodha" yazapAlakRta moharAjaparAjaya 3. purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha (ajJAta) uparyukta tIna granthoM meM prathama do hemacandra ke samakAlIna grantha haiM aMtima " purAtana prabandha saMgraha aneka vivaraNoM kA ekatra saMkalana mAtra hai| pUrvokta granthoM meM somaprabhasUrikRta "kumArapAlapratibodha" hemacandra kI samasAmayika racanA hone ke kAraNa unakI jIvanaviSayaka prAmANika sAmagrI de sakatI thI para lekhaka svayaM hI isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hai ki usane hemacandra tathA kumArapAla ke jIvana se sambaddha unhIM ghaTanAoM ko liyA hai jinakA saMbaMdha

Page #24
12 . unake jainadharma svIkAra karane ke bAda ke jIvana se hai| ata : hemacandrAcArya kA jIvana - caritra likhate tamya zrI somaprabhasUrikRta "kumArapAlapatibodha ko AdhAra mAnakara, anya lekhakoM dvArA nirdiSTa sAmagrI kA upayoga karanA bhI Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai jIvanacaritra - AcArya hemacandra kA janma gujarAta meM ahamadAbAda te sATha mIla dUra dakSipa - pazcima meM sthita "dhundhukA nagara meM vi. saM. 1145 (1088 I.)kArtikI pUrNimA kI rAtri meM huA thaa|' saMskRta grantha meM ite "dhukkanagara" yA "dhukapura" bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha prAcInakAla meM suprasiddha va samRdizAlI nagara thaa| inake mAtA - pitA moDhavaMzIya vaizya ye tathA pitA kA nAma cAciga va mAtA kA nAma pAhiNI devI thaa| inakI kuladevI "cAmuNDA' aura kulayakSa "gonasa thaa| mAtA - pitA ne devatA - prItyartha ukta donoM devatAoM ke AdhantakSara lekara bAlaka kA nAma cAMgadeva rkhaa| ataH AcArya hemacandra kA malanAma cAMgadeva pdd'aa| DA. musalagAMvakara ke anusAra AcArya hemacandra ke pitA vyApArI tathA deva va gurU kI upAsanA karane vAle zava the para inakI mAtA evaM mAmA neminAga jaina dharmAvalambI the| - - - I. 2. 3 + AcArya hemacandra pR. 1 lekhaka - DA, vi.bhA. musalagAMvakara vahI, pR, 9-10 AcArya hemacandra - pR. 10 AcArya hemacanda -pR. 11-12

Page #25
13 hemacandra ke janma ke pUrva hI unakI bhavitavyatA ke lakSapa prakaTa hone lage the| jaba ve garbha meM hI the, tabhI unakI mAtA ne eka sundara tathA Azcaryajanaka svapna dekhA thaa| isa sandarbha meM vividha granthoM - "kumArapAlapratibodha', "prabandhakoza", evaM prabhAvaka carita" Adi meM aneka prakAraseullekha milatA hai| DA. musalagAMvakara ne bhI isakI vistRta carcA "AcArya hemacandra' nAmapustaka meM kI hai| prAcIna saMskRta granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki cAMgadeva dhArmika pravRtti kA bAlaka thaa| mAtA ke sAtha nityaprati maMdira jAnA, pravacana sunanA, gurUjanoM ke prati zraddhAbhAva rakhanA, dhArmika kriyAkalApa Adi usake dainika kArya the| matuMgatarikRta "prabandha cintAmapi" ke anusAra eka bAra devacandrAcArya apahilapantana se prasthAna kara tIrthayAtrA ke paMsaga meM dhandhukA phuNce| vahA~ ve jaba moDhavaMziyoM ke jaina - maMdira meM devadarzana kara rahe the tabhI ATha varSIya bAlaka cAMgadeva apane bAlacApalya svabhAva se devacandrAcArya kI gaddI para jA baitthaa| usake alaukika rAma-lakSapoM ko dekhakara AcArya bAlaka ko prApta karane kI ikA se cAciMga ke nivAsa sthAna para pge| usa samaya cAyiga bAhara gaye the ataH devacandra ne unakI patnI se bAlaka cAMgadeva ko prApta karane kI abhilASA prakTa kI / pAhipI devI ne AcArya ke prastAva kA hRdaya se svAgata karate hue mI gRhapati kI anupasthiti meM bAlaka ko dene meM asamarthatA vyakta kii| para bAda meM upasthita jana samudAya kA anurodha svIkAra karate hue apane gupI putra ko

Page #26
14 AcArya devacandrasUri ko sauMpa diyaa| AcArya ne bAlaka te pUchA "vatsa! tU hamArA ziSya banegA? cAMgadeva ne uttara diyA "jI hA~ avazya banU~gA / isa uttara te AcArya ati prasanna hue| unhoMne bAlaka ko karNAvatI meM udayana mantrI ke pAsa rakha diyA jo usa samaya jaina saMgha kA sabase bar3A prabhAvazAlI vyakti thaa| cAciga ne ghara lauTakara jaba vRtAnta sunA to vaha putra darzana kI icchA se AcArya ke pAsa gyaa| usake mana kI bAta jAnakAra usakA moha dUra karane ke liye AcArya ne use samajhAyA tathA maMtrivara udayana ko bhI apane pAsa bulaayaa| udayana maMtrI ne use apane ghara le jAkara satkArAdi ke anaMtara usakI goda meM cAMgadeva ko baiThAkara paJcAMga sahita tIna duzAle evaM tIna lAkha rUpaye bheMTa kiye tathA putra kI yAcanA kii| taba sneha vihavala cAciga ne kahA"merA putra amUlya hai, kintu ApakA bhaktibhAva apekSAkRta adhika amUlya hai| ataH isa bAlaka ke mUlya meM apanI bhakti hI rahane dIjiye / Apake isa dravya ko maiM zivanirmAlya ke samAna sparza bhI nahIM kara sktaa| cAciga ke kathana ko sunakara udayana maMtrI bolA "Apa apane putra ko mujhe sauMpeMge, to usakA kucha bhI abhyudaya nahIM ho sakegA", parantu yadi ise Apa pUjyapAda gurU devacandrAcArya ke caraNoM meM samarpita kareMge to vaha gurUpada prAptakara bAlendu ke samAna tribhuvana meM pUjya hogaa|" taba cAciga ne "ApakA vacana hI pramANa hai, maiMne apane putra ratna ko gurUjI ko bheMTa kara diyaa| aisA kahakara apane putra ko devacandrasUri ko sauMpa diyA tabhI usakA dIkSA mahotsava maMtrI

Page #27
ke sahayoga se cAciga ne sampanna kiyaa| gurU ke dvArA diye gae hemacandra nAma se prasiddha yaha 36 sarigupoM se alaMkRta taripada para abhiSakta huaa| yahI vRtAnta kiMcita rUpAMtara ke sAtha somapabhatarikRta "kumArapAla pratibodha (vi. saM. 1241), prabhAcandratarikRta "prabhAvakacarita (vi. saM. 1334), jinamaMDanaupAdhyAyakRta "kumArapAla prabandha (vi. saM. 1392) meM tathA rAjazekhara sUri ne prabandhakoza (vi. saM. 1405) meM prastuta kiyA hai jisakI carcA DA. musalagAMvakara dvArA kI jA cukI hai| somaprabhatari ke anusAra cAMgadeva mAmA neminAga kI anumati se devacandrAcArya ke sAtha stammatIrtha (sambhAta) pahuMcA jahAM jainasaMgha kI anumati se cAMgadevako dIkSA dI gaI tathA usakA nAma somacandra rakyA gyaa| apAra jJAnarAzi saMcita kara lene para unheM zramapoM kA netA gAndhAra athavA AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| somacandra kA zarIra suvarpa ke samAna tejasvI evaM candramA ke samAna sundara thA isaliye ve hemacandra khlaaye|' 1. AcArya hemacandra, pR. 13-16 2. AcArya hemacandra, pR. 12 va 16 AcArya hemacandra pu. 13

Page #28
zrI kRSpamAcA riyara ke anusAra eka bAra somacandra ne zakti pradarzana ke liye apane bAhu ko agni meM rakha diyaa| lekina AzcaryajanakarUpa se somavandra kA jalatA hAtha sone kA bana gyaa| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt somacandra hemacandra ke nAma se prasiddha ho gye| DA. musalagAMvakara ne kumArapAla prabandhAdi ke nirdezAnusAra tathA jyotiSa kI kAla gaphnAnutAra (mAghazukla caturdazI, zanivAra ko vi. Ho || 54 meM) batalAte hue, cAMgadeva kA dIdhAsaMskAra turvidha saMgha ke samakSa stambhatIrtha ke pArzvanAtha caityAlaya meM devacandrAcArya dvArA cAciga kI upasthiti meM hI honA siddha kiyA hai| sAtha hI karNAvatI ke sthAna para "khambhAta" meM hI dIkSA huI - aisA svIkAra kiyA hai| dIkSAnAma somacandra rakhA gayA thA, bAda meM hemacandra nAma se prasiddha huaa| kAvyAnuzAsana kI prastAvanA se bhI isI niSkarSa kI puSTi hotI hai| uparyukta vivecana te yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki AcArya hemacandra ke gurU AcArya devacandratari the| AcArya hemacandra ne svayaM triSaSThizalAkApurUSacarita" ke dasaveM parva kI prazasti meM apane gurU kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai AcArya hemacandra pR. 13 te udbhUta "To demonstrate his powers he set his arms in a blazing fire and his father found to his surprise the flashing arm tumed in to gold" - History of Classical Sanskrit Literature - Krishanmacharior, Page 173-174 2. AcArya hemacanda, pR. 17 3 kAvyAnuzAsana - hemacandra, po0 pArIya kI aMgrejI prastAvanA

Page #29
17 tathA apane vidyAdhyayana kA tampUrNa zreya hemacandra apane gurU ko dete haiN|' AcArya devacandrasUri se dIkSita hone ke pazcAt A. hemacandra ne tarka, lakSapa tathA sAhitya usayubhI jo mahAvidhAyeM thI para alpa avadhi meM hI pravIpatA prApta kara lii| tatpazcAta unhoMne apane gurU ke sAtha vibhinna sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karate hue apane zAstrIya va vyAvahArika jJAna meM kAphI vRddhi kii| AcArya hemacandra kI sAhitya sAdhanA do mahAn rAjAoM kI trachAyA meM parivadita va vikasita huI - siddharAja jayasiMha tathA samATa kumaarpaal| ve ina donoM rAjAoM ke rAjagurU the| jaya siMha siddharAja kA zAsanakAla vi. saM. / / 51-1111 (1093 se 1143 I.) taka rhaa| AcArya hemacandra tathA unake AzrayadAtA siddharAja jayasiMha samakAlIna hI nahIM samavayaska bhI the| rAjA jayasiMha se unakA prathama paricaya / / 36 I. meM mAlava vijayotsava ke samAroha ke avasara para huA thaa| usa samaya unakI avasthA 46 varSa kI thii| isake bAda 7 varSa taka rAjA jayasiMha sidarAja ke sAtha unakA sambandha rhaa| ina sAta varSoM ke thor3e se kAla meM rAjA jayasiMha ke protsAhana va perapA te unhoMne vipula tathA mahatvapUrNa sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| 1. ziSyastasya ca tIrthamakamavane paavitrykRjjNgmm| sara ritapaH prabhAvavasatiH zrI devcndro'bhvt| AcAryo hemacandro'bhUtatpAdAmbujaSaTpadaH tatprasAdAdadhigatajJAnasampanna mhodyH|| tri.za. puNca prazAsti zloka 14, 15 AcArya hemacandra pRSTha 19 se uddhRta 2. kAvyAnuzAsana - hemacandra, pro0 pArIkha kI aMgrejI prastAvanA, pR. 266

Page #30
10 tida rAja jaya siMha kI mRtyu ke anaMtara vioo // 11 (samaya 11431173 I.) meM kumArapAla rAjyAbhiSikta huA, jisake sAtha A. hemacandra kA 30 varSa taka sambandha rhaa| AcArya hemacandra kA kumArapAla ke sAtha gurU ziSya sadRza saMbaMdha thaa| kumArapAla kI prArthanA para AcArya hemacandra ne "yogazAstra", "vItarAgastuti" evaM "triSaSThizAlA kApuruSacarita purApa kI racanA kii| saMskRta meM dayAzrayakAvya ke aMtima sarga tathA prAkRta dayAzraya kumArapAla ke samaya meM hI liye gye| "pramApamI mAtA' kI racanA isI samaya meM huii| kumArapAla ne 700 lekhakoM ko bulAkara hemacandra ke gAndha lesabda krvaaye|' vi0saM0 1229 (117I.) meM 84 varSa kI avasthA meM A. hemacandra ne apanI aihika lIlA samApta kI pabhAvakacarita ke anusAra rAjA kumArapAla ko AcArya kA viyoga atabya rahA tathA cha: mAsa pazcAta vaha bhI svarga sidhAra gyaa| AcArya hemacandra kI sAhitya sAdhanA atyanta vizAla tathA vyApaka hai| unhoMne vyAkaraNa, koza, chanda, alaMkAra, darzana, purApa, itihAsa Adi vividha viSayoM para saphalatA pUrvaka sAhitya sRjana kiyA hai| sAhityasRjana kI asAdhArapa kSamatA tathA alaukika pratibhA mAno ekAkAra hokara AcArya hemacandra ke rUpa meM martarUpa ho gaI thii| unakI sAhitya sevA ko dekhakara vidvAnoM 1. A. hemacandra, pR. 36

Page #31
19 ne unheM 'kalikAla sarvasa, jaitI upAdhi se vibhASita kiyA hai| ___ zabdAnuzAsana, kAvyAnuzAsana, chandonuzAsana, dayAzraya mahAkAvya, yogazAstra, dvAtriMzikAra, abhidhAna cintAmapi tathA triSaSTi zAlA - kApusSacarita - ye unakI pramukha racanA hai| kAvyAnuzAsana saMskRta alaMkAra ganthoM kI paramparA meM kAvyAnuzAsana" AcArya hemacandra dvArA prapIta alaMkAra viSayaka ekamAtra gantha hai| isakI racanA vi. saM0 1196 ke lagabhaga huI hai| yaha ganya niyatAgara presa, bambaI kI "kAvyamAlA" ganthAvalI meM svopajJa donoM bRttiyoM ke sAtha prakAzita huA thaa| phira mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya bambaI se san 1938 meM prakAzita huaa| jisameM DA. rasika lAla pAriya kI prastAvanA evaM Ara.vhI. AThavale kI vyAkhA hai| "kAvyAnuzAsana meM sUtrAtmaka zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kAvyaprakAza ke pazcAta race gaye prastuta gantha meM dhvanyAloka, locana, abhinavabhAratI, 1. hisTrI Apha iMDiyana liTarecara iema, vinTaraniTsa vAlyUma sekeNDa, pR. 282 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR. 100

Page #32
20 . kAvya-mI mIsA tathA kAvyaprakAza se lambe - lambe uddharaNa pastuta kiye gaye hai| phalataH katipaya vidvAna ite saMgraha - gantha kI koTi meM parigapita karate haiM, kintu kattipaya navIna mAnyatAoM kA prastuta gandha meM vivecana milatA hai| AcArya mammTa ne 67 alaMkAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai jabaki hemacandra ne mAtra 29 alaMkAro kA ullekha kara zeSa kA inhIM meM antarbhAva kara diyA hai| mammaTa kAvyaprakAza ko dasa ullAsoM meM vibhakta karake bhI utanA viSaya nahIM de pAye hai, jitanA hemacandrAcArya ne kAvyAnuzAsana ke mAtra ATha adhyAyoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| isake atirikta hemacandrAcArya ne alaMkArazAstra meM sarvaprathama nATyaviSayaka tatvoM kA samAveza kara eka navIna paramparA kA prapayana kiyA jisakA anukarapa paravartI AcArya viznAtha Adi ne bhI kiyA hai| "kAvyAnuzAsana" ke tIna pramukha bhAga haiM - 1. sUtra (gadya meM,),2. vyAkhyA tathA 3, vRtti| "kAvyAnuzAsana me kula sUtra 208 haiN| inhIM sUtroM ko "kAvyAnuzAsana" kahA jAtA hai| sUtroM kI vayAkhyA hetu alaMkAracUpAmapi tathA isa vyAkhyA ko adhika spaSTa karane hetu udAharaNoM sahita "viveka" nAmaka vRtti likhI gayI hai| tInoM ke kartA AcArya hemacandra hI haiN| yaha ganya ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM 25 sUtra haiN| sarvaprathama maMgalAcarapa ke pazcAt AcArya ne kAvya-prayojana, kAvya-hetu, kavi-samaya, kAvya-lakSapa, gupa-doSa kA sAmAnya lakSapa, alaMkAra kA sAmAnya lakSapa, alaMkAroM ke gahaNa tathA tyAga kA niyama,

Page #33
zabdArtha svarUpa, lakSya tathA vyaMgya artha kA svarUpa, pabdizaktimUlaka vyaMgya meM nAnArthanibandhana, arthazaktimala vyaMgya ke vastu tathA alaMkAra ina do bhedoM tathA isake pada vAkya tathA prabaMdha ke aneka bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI arthazaktyutbhava dhvani ke svata : saMbhavI, kaviproToktimAtra niSpanna zarIra, ina athavA kavinibaddhavaktRpoDhoktimAtraniSpanazArIra ina bhedoM ke kathana ko anucita batAyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM 59 sUtra haiM, jinameM rata-viSayaka sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ra sa-svarUpa, rasa-bheda, rata kI alaukikatA ratAMgoM kA vizada vivecana, rasAbhAta va bhAvAbhAsa Adi ita adhyAya ke pramukha vivecya haiN| anta meM kAvyabheda - nirUpapa ke sAtha adhyAya kI samApti kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM 10 sUtra haiN| yaha adhyAya kAvya-doSoM se sambaddha hai| isameM kAvya ke ratagata, padagata, vAkyagata, ubhayagata tathA arthagata doSoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| anta meM tIna sUtroM meM doSa-parihAra kI carcA kI gaI hai| caturtha adhyAya meM 1 sUtra haiN| kAvyaguNoM se sambaddha isa adhyAya meM, mAdhurya, oja evaM prasAda ina tIna guNoM ke sabheda lakSaNa tathA udAharapa va tat-tat gupoM meM Avazyaka varSoM kA gumpana kiyA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM, 1 sUtra haiM, jisameM anupAsa, yamaka, citra, zleSa, vakrokti tathA punarUktavadAbhAsa - ina cha: zabdAlaMkAroM ke sabheda lakSapa tathA

Page #34
udAharapoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pATha adhyAya meM, 3 / sUtra haiM jisameM upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, nidarzanA dIpaka, anyokti, paryAyokta, atizayokti, AkSepa, virodha, sahokti, samAsokti, jAti (svabhAvokti), vyAjastuti, zleSa, vyatireka, arthAntaranyAsa, sapsandeha, apahnuti, parivRtti, anumAna, smRti, bhAnti, viSama, sama, samuccaya, parisaMkhyA, kArapamAlA vAkara - ina 29 arthAlaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya meM 52 sUtra haiN| isameM nAyaka kA svarUpa, usake ATha sAttvika guNa, nAyaka ke bheda tathA lakSaNa, avasthAbheda se nAyaka ke bheda, pratinAyaka kA svarUpa, nAyikA kA svarUpa, nAyikA ke bheda, striyoM ke satvaja alaMkAroM kA salakSapa sodAharapa nirUpapa tathA pratinAyikA Adi kI saMkSipta carcA prastuta kI gaI hai| ____ aSTama adhyAya meM 13 sUtra haiN| isameM prabandhAtmaka kAvya bhedoM kA nirUpapa kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama prabandhakAvya ke do bheda- dRpraya tathA avya, punaH maya ke do bheda - pAzya tathA geya, tatpazcAt pAlya ke nATaka, prakarapa nATikA, samavakAra, IhAmRga, Dima, vyAyoga, utsRSTi kAMka, prahasana, bhApa, vIthI tathA sTaka Adi bhedoM kA lakSapa kiyA gayA hai| isI zrRMkhalA meM geya ke DombikA, bhApa, prasthAna, ziMgaka, bhApikA, prerapa, rAmakrIDa, hallI taka, rAsaka, goSThI, zrIgadita, rAga tathA kAvya kA lakSapa diyA gayA hai|

Page #35
tadanaMtara mahAkAvya ,AkhyA yikA, kathA AkhyAna, nidarzana pravAhikA, matallikA, maNikulyA, parikyA, khaNDakathA, sakalakathA, upakathA, bRhatkathA tathA campU ina avya kAvyoM kA salakSapa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anta meM muktaka, sandA nitaka, vizeSaka, kalApaka, kulaka va koza kA salakSapa vivecana hai| isa prakAra kAvya zAstra ke sabhI aMgoM kA savistAra vivecana "kAvyAnuzAsana meM prApta hotA hai|

Page #36
rAmacandra gupacandra taMtkRta sAhitya meM AcArya rAmacandra guNacandra kA nAmollekha prAyaH sAya - sAya hotA hai| jahA~ taka ina vidvAnoM ke mAtA - pitA tathA vaMza ityAdi kA prazna hai, isake viSaya meM koI pramApa upalabdha nahIM hai| "nATyadarpapa" ke pratyeka viveka kI antima puSpikA meM prApta ullekhAnusAra "nATayadarpapa" rAmacandra-guNacandra ke sammilita prayAsa kA pratiphala hai|' kAvyAnuzAsanakAra AcArya hemacandra ke sammAna meM likhe gaye isI ganya ke antima zloka se inake hemacandra ke ziSya hone kI bAta spaSTa hotI hai| isakI puSTi rAmacandra kI anya kRtiyoM meM prApta ullekhoM se bhI hotI hai|' prabhAvakacaritAnusAra eka bAra rAjA jayasiMha hemacandra ke uttarAdhikArI ke darzanArtha hemacandra ke pAsa gaye the| isa samaya hemacandra ne apane pratibhAzAlI ziSya rAmacandra ko apanA uttarAdhikArI batAyA thA evaM usI samaya yaha mI kahA ki usako meM Aja ke pUrva hI Apako dikhA cukA hU~ tathA usa samaya uttane ApakI apUrva DhaMga se stuti bhI kI thii| 1. iti rAmacandragupacandraviracitAyAM svopajJanATyadarpapavivRtau nATa kanirpayaH prathamo viveka :11hi . nATyadarpapa, pR. 198 zabda-pramApa-sAhitya-ndolakSmaviyAyinAsA zrIhemacandrapAdAnAM prasAdAya namo namaH // hi nATyadarpapa, pR. 409 antima prazasti, pdh| 38ka sajaNAraH datta: zrImadAcAryahamacandrasya ziSyepa rAmacandrapa viracita nalavilAsA bhidhAnamAdhaM rUpakamabhinetumAdeza : nalavilAsa, pR. 18 4kha zrImadAcArya hemacandraviSyasya prabandhaH karturmahAkaveH rAmacandratya bhayAMsaH prabandhAH / - nirbhayabhImavyAyoga, pR. /

Page #37
25 isate vidita hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra ne rAjA jaya siMha ddhirAja ke sAmane hI arthAta apanI mRtyu se lagabhaga 40-42 varSa pUrva hI rAmacandra ko apanA uttarAdhikArI va pramukha ziSya ghoSita kara diyA thaa| AcArya rAmacandra bAlyakAla se hI pratibhA ke dhanI the| eka bAra rAjA jaya siMha siddharAja dvArA apane pAriSadoM se yaha pUche jAne para ki garmI me dina lambe kyoM ho jAte haiN| logoM ne bhinna prakAra ke uttara die| AcArya rAmacandra se pUche jAne para unhoMne apanI kavitvapratibhA evaM tatkAlIna sAmaMtI paramparA ke anurUpa hI uttara diyaa|' isI prakAra kisI anya avasara para siddharAja ne rAmacandra se "apAhilapaTTana" nagara kA tatkAla varNana karane ko khaa| rAmacandra ne tanika sI dera me hI padya - racanA karadI12 unakI asA dhArapa pratimA va kavi-karmakuzalatA se prasanna hokara jayasiMha siddharAja ne rAmacandra ko 'kavikaTAramalla' kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyaa| 1. deva zrI giridurgamalla! bhavato tigjaitrayAtrotsave, dhAvadavI raturaMganiSThuraturakhurapakSamA mnnddlaat| vAtoddhatarajo milatsurasaritsaMjAtapaMkasthalI - dUrvAcumbanacaJcurAravihyAstenAtivRddha dinm|| hindI nATyadarpapa bhUmikA se uta, pR. 13 etasyAtya purasya pauravanitAcAturyatA nirjitA, manye nAtha! sarasvatI jaDatayA nIraMvahantI sthitaa| kIrtistambhamiSoccadaNDarUcirAmutsRjya vAhAvalItantrIkAM gurUsidabhapatisarastumbI nijAM kcchpiim|| hindI nATyadarpapa, bhUmikA se udhRta, pR. 13

Page #38
26 mahAkavi rAmacandra samatyApUrti karane meM bhI nipupa the| eka bAra kAzI se vizvezvara nAmaka vidvAn apahilapaTTana Ara tathA ve AcArya hemacandra kI sabhA meM ge| vahAM AcArya hemacandra ko AzIrvAda dete hue zalo kAI par3hA pAtu vo hema! gopAlaH kambalaM dnnddmvn| vahAM para hemacandrAcArya sahita Asa - pAsa kI sabhI maMDalI jaina thI ata: "kRSpa tumhArI rakSA kare" yaha bAta utanI rUcikara nahIM mAlUma pdd'ii| usa samaya kavi rAmacandra bhI vahAM para upasthita the unheM kRSNa kA yaha rakSA karane kA gaurava pasanda nahIM AyA unhoMne turanta hI zeSa Adhe loka kI pUrti isa prakAra kara dI - SaDdarzanapazugAmaM cArayana paina gocare AcArya rAmacandra kI vidvattA kA paricaya unakI svalikhita kRtiyoM meM bhI milatA hai| "raghuvilAsa" meM unhoMne apane ko "viyAtrayIcapam kahA hai| isI prakAra nATyadarpapa vivRti kI prAraMbhika prazAsti meM "viSavedinaH' tathA aMtima prazasti meM vyAkarapa-nyAya tathA sAhitya kA jJAtA kahA hai| 1. nATyadarpapa, bhUmikA, pR. 10 2. vahI, prAraMbhika prazasti ,1 pR. 7 evaM aMtima prazasti 4, pR. 409

Page #39
27 AcArya hemacandra ke vidhyatva tathA rAja sambandhoM ke naistarya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha saMbhAvanA vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki inake bhI jIvana kA kAryakSetra gujarAta tathA nivAsa guja rAta prAnta kI samasAmayika rAjadhAnI "apakhilapaTTana" meM rahA hogaa| yaha to jJAta hI hai ki AcArya hemacandra tathA jayasiMha samakAlIna the tathA usa samaya taka rAmacandra apanI atAdhArapa pratibhA ke kArapa pratiSThA prApta kara cuke the| di rAja jayasiMha ne saM0 1150 se saM0 1199 (I. san 1093 - 1142) paryanta rAja kiyA thaa| mAlavA para vijaya prApta karane ke upalakSya meM tidurAja kA svAgata samAroha vi.saM. 1193 (1136 I) meM huA thA, tabhI hemacandra kA siddharAja se prathama paricaya huA thaa|' siddharAja kI mRtya saM0 1199 meM huyI thii| isI bIca rAmacandra kA paricaya siddha rAja te ho cukA thA tathA pratidi bhI prApta kara cuke the| siddharAja jaya siMha ke uttarAdhikArI kumArapAla ne saM0 1193 -1230 tathA usake bhI uttarAdhikArI ajayadeva ne saM0 1230 se 1233 taka gurjara bhUmi para rAjya kiyA thaa| isI ajayadeva ke zAsanakAla meM rAmacandra ko rAjAjJA dvArA tAma-paTTikA para baiThAkara mArA gayA thaa| uparyukta vivecana se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya rAmacandra kA sAhityika kAla vi. saM. 1193 se 1233 ke madhya rahA hogaa| 1. hindI nATyadarpapa, bhUmikA, pR. 3

Page #40
28 mahAkavi rAmacandra "prabandhazatakartA" nAma se vikhyAta haiN| unhoMne svayaM aneka granthoM meM apane ko so ganyoM kA nirmAtA batalAyA hai| kiMtu durbhAgya se unake samasta grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| rAmacandra ne "nATyadarpapa" meM svaracita / / rUpakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| itakI sUcanA prAya: "asmadapajJe ...... ityAdi padoM se dI gaI hai| jinake nAma nimna haiM-(1) satyaharizcandra nATaka, (2) nalavilAsa nATaka, ( raghuvilAta nATaka, (4) yAdavAbhyudaya, (5) rAghavAbhyudaya, (6.) rohipI mRgAMka prakarapa, (7.) nirbhayabhImavyAyoga, (8) kaumudI minApanda - prakarapa, (90 sudhAkalAM, (10) mallikAmakaranda prakarapa tathA(vanamAlA - naattikaa| kumAravihArazataka, dravyAlaMkAra, aura yaduvilAsa ye unake anya pramukha ganya haiN| isake atirikta choTe - choTe stava Adi taka ko milAkara isa samaya taka unakI kevala 39 kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN|' AcArya gupacandra ke viSaya meM kucha adhika paricaya nahIM prApta hotA hai| kevala itanA vidita hotA hai ki ye rAmacandra ke sahapAThI, ghaniSTha mitra tathA AcArya hemacandra ke ziSya the| inhoMne apane tIsare sAthI vardhamAnagapi ke sAtha somaprabhAcAryaviracita "kumArapAla pratibodha" kA zravapa kiyA thaa| ina gupacandra ne rAmacandra ke sAtha milakara do ganthoM kI racanA kI hai| eka to "nATyadarpapa' hI hai tathA dvitIya "dravyalakAravRtti" ganya hai| isake atirikta gupacandra kI aura . hindI nATyadarpapa, bhUmikA, pR. 16

Page #41
koI kRti upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| nATyadarpaNa 29 nATyazAstrIya granthoM meM nATyadarpaNa kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha vaha zrRMkhalA hai jo dhanaMjaya ke sAtha vizvanAtha kavirAja ko jor3atI hai| yadyapi isakI racanA bharatamuni ke "nATyazAstra" ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai tathApi isameM aneka viSaya mahatvapUrNa tathA paraMparAgata siddhAnta se vilakSaNa haiN| AcArya prastuta grantha pUrvAcArya svIkRta nATikA ke sAtha prakaraNikA nAmaka navIna vidhA kA saMyojana kara dvAdazaM rUpakoM kI sthApanA kI hai| isI prakAra rasa kI sukha-duHkhAtmakatA svIkAra karanA isa grantha kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai / / isameM nau rasoM ke atirikta tRSNA, ArdratA, Asakti, arati tathA saMtoSa ko sthAyIbhAva mAnakara kramazA: laulya, sneha, vyasana, duHkha tathA sukha rasa kI * bhI saMbhAvanA kI gaI hai| isameM zAnta rasa kA sthAyibhAva zrama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prastuta granthoM me aise aneka granthoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo adyAvadhiM * upalabdha haiN| prastuta grantha meM do bhAga pAye jAte haiM prathama kArikAbdu mUlagrantha tathA dvitIya usake Upara likhI gaI svopajJa vivRti / kArikAoM maiM grantha kA lAkSaNika bhAga nivada hai tathA vivRti meM tadvaviSayaka udAharaNa va kArikA kA spaSTIkaraNa / 1. sthAyIbhAvaH zritotkarSo vibhAvyabhicAribhiH spaSTAnubhAvanizcaiyaH sukhaduH khAtmako rs|| hi nATyadarpaNa, 3/7

Page #42
30 nATyadarpaNa kA pratipAya viSaya rUpaka bheda hI hai| yaha cAra vivekoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama diveka meM maMgalAcarapa ke pazcAt rUpaka prakAra, rUpaka ke prathama bheda nATaka kA svarUpa, nAyaka ke cAra bheda, vRtta carita ke sacya, prayojya, abhyaya kalpanIya evaM upekSapIya nAmaka cAra bheda tathA kucha anya bhedoM ke / sAyaM kAvya meM parita nibandhana viSayaka zikSAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAta aMka, arthaprakRti, kAryAvasthA, arthopakSepaka, sandhi va sandhyaMga kA vivecana hai| dvitIya viveka meM, nATaka ke atirikta prakarapa, nA TikA prakarapI, vyAyoga, samavakAra, bhANa, prahasana, Dima, utsRSTikAMka, IhAmRga tathA vIthi nAmaka zeSa / / rUpakoM kA lakSapodAharapa sahita vivecana hai| punaH vIthi ke 13 aMgoM kA bhI pratipAdana hai| tRtIya viveka meM bhAratI, sAtvatI, kaizikI va AraTI nAmaka cAra vRttiyoM kA vivecana hai, punaH rasa svarUpa, usake bheda, kAvya meM rasa kA sanniveza, viruddha rasoM kA virodha tathA parihAra, rasadoSa, sthAyIbhAva, vyabhicAribhAva, anubhAva tathA vAcika, AMgika, sAtvika tathA AhArya nAmaka cAra abhinayoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ___ caturtha viveka meM, samasta rUpakoM ke liye upayogI kucha sAmAnya bAtoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isameM nAndI, dhuTA kA svarUpa, rasake prAdezikI,

Page #43
naSkAmikI, AkSepikI, prAsAdikI va AntarI nAmaka 5 bhedoM kA sodAharapa pratipAdana, puruSa tathA strI pAtroM ke uttama, madhyama tathA adhama bhedoM kA kathana, mukhya nAyaka kA svarUpa, usake ATha gupa, nAyaka ke sahAyaka, nAyikA-svarUpa, usake murAdhA, madhyA tathA pragalbhA - tIna sAmAnya bheda tathA proSitapatikA di ATha prasiddha bheda tathA striyoM ke bIsa alaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| punaH nAyikAoM kA nAyaka se sambandha, nAyikAoM kI sahAyikA tathA pAtroM ke sambodhana prakArAdi kA vivecana hai| anta meM, 12 rUpakoM ke atirikta saTTaka, zrIgadita, durmilitA, prasthAna, rAsaka, goSThI, halalIsaka, zampA, preSaNaka, nATya-rAsaka, kAvya, bhApa tathA bhApikA nAmaka / 3 anya rUpakoM kA saMkSipta lakSapa kiyA hai|

Page #44
narendraprabhatari narendraprabhatari harSapurIyagaccha ke AcArya naracandatari ke ziSya the| inake gurU na racandratari nyAya, vyAkaraNa sAhitya tathA jyotiSa ke prakANDa vidvAna the|' terahavIM sadI ke pUrvArddha meM mugha rAta ke dholakA nAmaka nagara ke vAghelA - vaMzIya rAjA vIradhavala ke mahAmAtya vastupAla eka vidyA - maNDala kA saMcAlana karate the, jisane saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM amUlya yogadAna diyA hai| vidyAmaMDala ke saMparka meM aneka vidvAna the, unameM naracandrasari bhI eka the| mahAmAtya vastupAla tathA naracandratari meM pragAr3ha maitrI thii| eka bAra vastupAla ne zraddhApUrvaka hAtha jor3akara naracandrasari te nivedana kiyA ki alaMkAraviSayaka kucha gantha vistRta tathA durbodha haiM, kuSTa saMkSipta tathA doSapUrNa hai, dUsare kuSTa granthoM meM viSayAntara kI bhI bahuta bAteM haiM aura ve kaThinAI se hI samajhe jA sakate haiM, aite kAvya-rahatya nirdaya se rahita aneka ganyoM ko sunate sunate merA mana Uba gayA hai| ataH kRpAkara mujhe aise zAstra kA jJAna karAie jo atyanta lambA na ho, jisameM alaMkAra kA sAra ho|' tathA jo sAdhAraNa buddhiyoM ke dvArA bhI gAya ho| vastupAla kI isa prakAra kI prArthanA sunakara naracandrasari ne apane suyogya ziSya narendraprabhasUri ko ukta prakAra kA ganya racne kI AjJA dii| gurU ke AdezAnusAra narendraprabhasUri ne vastupAla kI prasannatA hetu 1. dRSTavya - mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala tathA saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena vibhAga2, adhyAya 5, pRSTha 1024 2. alaM kAramahodadhi - prAraMbhika prazasti, 1/17-18

Page #45
33 "alaMkA ramahodadhi" nAmaka gandha kI racanA kI thii| isakA racanA kAla vi. saM. 1280 (I. san 1223) hai evaM itakI svopajJa TIkA kA lekhanakAla vi.saM. 1282 (I. san 1225) hai| ata : narendaprabhasari kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha nizcita hotA hai| alaMkAramahodadhi ke atirikta mI, narendraprabhasari ne 'kAkutsthakeli nAmaka eka anya gantha kI bhI racanA kI thI, aisA rAjazekharasari kI nyAyakandalIpaMjikA se uddhRta praloka se jJAta hotA hai| yaha eka nATaka thA jisakI koI prati adyAvadhi milI nahIM hai| isake atirikta narendrapramasari dvArA racI huI vastupAla para do stutiyA~ "vastupAla prazasti bhI haiN| sAtha hI giranAra ke vastupAla ke eka zilAlekha ke zloka bhI narendraprabhatari racita haiN| 1. "teSAM nirdezAdatha sadgurUpAM zrIvastupAlasya mude tadetat / cakAra lipyakSarasaMniviSTaM sarinarendrapabhanAmadheya H / / vahI, 1/19 jaina sAhitya kA bahada itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR. 109 3 nayana-vasu-sara 1282 varSe niSpalAyAH pramApametasyAH / ani sahastracatuSTyamanuSTubhAmupari paJcAtI ||1|| - alaMkAramahodadhi gandhAntaprazasti, pRSTha. 340 + tatya guroH priya ziSya H prabhunarendraprabhA prabhAvATyaH / yoDalaMkA ramahodadhimakarota kAkurasthakeliM ca / / mahAmAtya prastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala va saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena, vibhAga2 adhyAya5,(pR. 104) 5. mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sA. va saMskRta sA. meM usakI dena, vibhAga 2,a.5 pR. 106

Page #46
34 inake dhArmika viSayoM para bhI, diveka - pAdapa tathA vivekakalikA nAma ke do subhA dhita taMgaha hai, jinate jJAta hotA hai ki inakA kavi upanAma "vivudhacandra" thaa|' alaMkAramahodadhi AcArya narendraprabhasUri dvArA prapIta granthoM meM sarvocca, yaha eka alaMkAra viSayaka gantha hai| lekhaka dvArA isa ganya kI maulikatA kA koI dAvA nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki aisI koI bAta nahIM hai ki jisa para alaMkArazAstrI pUrvAgoM ne nahIM vivecana kiyA aura isaliye yaha racanA unakI uktiyoM kA cayana mAtra hI hai|2 "alaMkAramahodadhi para kAvyaprakAza kI chAyA pratIta hotI hai| ata: DA. bhogIlAla sADetarA kA yaha kathana ki "alaMkA ramahodadhi" kA sampUrNa tRtIya taraMga kAvyaprakAza ke cauthe adhyAya kA eka lambA tathA saralIkRta saMskaraNa hai., ucita hI hai| uparyukta kathana yaha bhI spaSTa karatA hai ki "alaMkAramahodadhi" "kAvyaprakAza jaite kuha gandha kI apekSA sarala hai| 1. vahI, pR. 106 2. nAsti prAcyairalaMkArakArairAviSkRtaM na yt| kRtistu tadacaH saarsNghvysnaadiym|| alaMkAramahodadhi, 1/21 mahA. vastu. kAsA. va saMskRta sA. maiM usakI dena, vibhAga 3, adhyAya 14, pR. 225

Page #47
isake sAtha hI prastuta grantha para hemacaMdrAcArya ke kAvyAnuzAsana kA bhI prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai| kavi zikSA prasaMga meM " kAvyAnuzAsana" kI svopajJa "alaMkAracUNAmapi nAmaka TIkA kA eka sampUrNa aMza hI prAyaH uddhata kara liyA gayA hai| lekina isake sAtha hI "alaMkAramahodadhi meM katipaya aisI viziSTatAyeM prApta hotI hai jo use kAvyaprakAza tathA kAvyAnuzAsana se pRthak siddha karatI haiN| udAharaNArtha "kAvyaprakAza" meM 61 arthAlaMkAroM tathA "kAvyAnuzAtana" meM mAtra 35 kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai jabaki "alaMkAramahodadhi meM 70 arthAlaMkAroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra kAvyaprakAza meM kula milAkara 603 udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM, jabaki alaMkAramahodadhi" meM 982 / lekhaka ne katipaya AnuSaMgika bAteM bhI isameM jor3a dI hai jo kAvyaprakAza meM aprApya thIM / isase isa grantha kA AkAra bhI bahuta vistRta ho gayA hai| 35 prastuta grantha ATha taraMgoM meM vibhakta hai| grantha kI racanA kArikA tathA vRtti meM huI hai| kArikAeM anuSTupa chanda meM haiM tathA pratyeka adhyAya kA aMtima zloka bhinna chanda meM hai| kArikAeM ku 296 haiN| prathama taraMga meM, sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa tathA guruparamparA kA anusaraNa karate hue mahAmAtya vastupAla tathA tejapAla kA yazogAna kiyA gayA hai / tadanantara I. tulanIya - alaMkAramahodadhi 1/10 kI TIkA tathA kAvyAnuzAsana 1 / 10 kI svopajJa alaMkAracUNAmapi TIkA /

Page #48
36 grantha racanA ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| punaH kAvyaprayojana, kAvya hetu, kavi - zikSA, kAvya lakSaNa tathA usake bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / - dvitIya taraMga meM zabda svarUpa, zabda - zaktiyA~ yathA abhidhA, lacaNA tathA vyaJjanA kA sapheda vivecana karate hue saMyogAdikoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya taraMga meM sarvaprathama arthavaicitrya kA sapheda nirUpaNa, rasa-svarUpa usake bheda-prabheda, sthAyIbhAva, sAttvika -bhAva, vyabhicAribhAva Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI krama meM zabda - zaktimalA tathA arthazaktimalA dhvani ke svarUpa tathA bheda - prabhedoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha taraMga meM guNIbhUta vyaMgya kAvya ke bhedoM kA sodAharaNa nirUpapa kiyA gayA hai tathA anta meM dhvani kA dvitIya svarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| paMcama taraMga meM, kAvya-doSoM kA sAmAnya svarUpa, pada-doSa, vAkya doSa, ubhayadoSa, arthadoSa, vaktA Adi kI vizeSatA se doSoM kA bhI guNa honA tathA rata-doSAdi kA sabheda nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| anta meM, rasavirodha parihAra kA nirUpapa hai| SaSTha taraMga meM, kAvya ke tIna guNoM - mAdhurya, ojas tathA prasAda kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai|

Page #49
saptama taraMga meM, anupAta, yamaka, zleSa tathA vakrokti nAmaka cAra zabdAlaMkAroM kA tabheda - prabheda vivecana kiyA hai| aSTama taraMga meM, atizayokti Adi 70 arthAlaMkAroM kA salakSapodAharapa sabheda - prabheda nirUpapa kiyA hai| anta meM, alaMkAradoSoM kA vivecana karate hue ganya samApta huA hai|

Page #50
38 vAgbhaTa dvitIya apane samaya ke uccakoTi ke vidvAna vAgbhaTa dvitIya ke viSaya meM pUrvokta jainAcAryoM kI apekSA kama jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai| inhoMne "kAvyAnuzAsana" nAmaka alaMkAra gantha kI racanA kI thii| ye abhinava vAgbhaTa ke nAma se bhI jAne jAte hai| AcArya priyavrata zarmA ne bhinna - bhinna vidvAnoM dvArA mAnya aneka vAgbhaToM kI sUcI prastuta kI hai, jisameM "kAvyAnuzAsana" tathA "chandonuzAsana Adi ke kartA baina kulotpanna nemikumAra ke putra vAgbhaTa kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isI prakAra paM0 nAyarAma premI ne cAra vAgbhaToM meM se eka ko"kAvyAnuzAsana tathA undonuzAsana' kA kartA svIkAra kiyA hai| vAgbhaTa dvitIya kA samaya vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI hai, kyoMki unhoMne udAttAlaMkAra ke prasaMga meM svopajJa "alaMkAra tilaka" nAmaka TIkA meM "alaMkAra-mahodadhi se eka pameM uddhata kiyA hai, jo "alaMkA ramahodadhi ke atirikta anya kahIM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| alaMkAra-mahodadhi kA lekhana samApti kAla vi. saM. 1282 hai| isI prakAra paM. AzAdhara jI kI racanA "rAjImatI dipalambha' athavA 'rAjImatI parityAga" ke kucha padyoM kA ullekha mI isameM kiyA gayA hai|deg paM. AzAdhara jI ke anagAradharmAmRta kI bhavyakamadacandrikA nAmaka TIkA kA lekhanakAla vi.saM0 1300 hai| ataH vAgbhaTa ditIya kA 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra tathA unakI AcArya paramparA, caturtha khaMDa, pR. 37 2. vAgbhaTa vivecana, pu. 281 3. jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna se uddhata, pR. 39 + vahI. pR. 40 5 vahI, pR. 40 6. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra tathA unakI AcArya paramparA, caturtha saMDa, pR. 39

Page #51
samaya uparyukta vidvAnoM ke pazcAta vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI mAnanA yukti saMgata pratIta hotA hai| "kAvyAnuzAsana tathA uttakI TIkA se jJAta hotA hai ki vAgmaTa dvitIya bhedapATa ( mevAr3a ) nivAsI naimikumAra ke putra tathA mavakalapa tathA mhAdevI ke pautra the|' inake jyeSTha mAtA kA nAma zrI rAhaDa thA, jinake prati vAgbhaTa ko agAdha zraddhA thii| inake pitA nebhikumAra ne apane dvArA arjita kiye gaye dhana se rAhaDapura meM uttuMga zikhara vAlA bhagavAna neminAtha evaM naloTakapura meM 22 devakulikAoM se yukta AdinAtha kA maMdira banavAyA thaa|' AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne aneka navIna tathA sundara nATakoM evaM mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta chanda tathA alaMkA raviSayaka gandhoM kA nirmApaM kiyA hai| kAvyAnuzAsana ke atirikta unakI do anya racanAe~ bhI upalabdha hai1. RSabhadevarita mahAkAvya tathA, 2. chndonushaasn| isakA ullekha kAvyAnuzAsana meM milatA hai| 1. kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa dvitIya, alaMkAratilaka, vRtti, pR.1 2. vahI, pR. / 3. vahI, pR. / + ka - zrImannemikumArasya naMdano vinirmitAnekanavyabhavyanATa kacchando - laMkAramahAkAvyapramukhamahAprabandhabandhuro pAratarazAstrasAgarasamuttarapatIrthAyamAnazeSamuSIsamanyastasamastAnavadha vidyA vinodakandalitasakalakalAkalApasaMpaduTo mahAkaviH zrIvAgbhaTo bhiissttdevtaanmskaarpuurvmpkrmo| kAvyA. pR. 1-2 - navyAnekamahAprabaMdharacanAcAturyavispharjitsphArodArayazaHpracArastata vyAkIpavitravatrayaH zrImannemikumArasanakhilapajJAlacDAmapiH kAvyAnAmanuzAsanaM varamidaM cakekavirvAgbhaTa : / / vahI, pR. 68

Page #52
kAvyAnazAsana "kAvyAnuzAtna" kI racanA sUtra zailI meM kI gaI hai| isa para AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne alaMkAratilaka nAmaka svopajJavRtti kI bhI racanA kI hai| isa para hemacandrakRt kAvyAnuzAsana kI chAyA pratIta hotI hai| sAtha hI kAvyamImAMsA tathA kAvyaprakAza kA bhI isameM upayoga kiyA gayA hai| prastuta grantha pA~ca adhyAyo meM vibhakta hai - prathama adhyAya meM, kAvya-prayojana, kAvya-hetu, kAvya-zikSA, kAvya-svarUpa, mahAkAvya, muktaka, rUpaka, AkhyAyikA tathA kathA Adi kA svarUpa nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 40 dvitIya adhyAya meM sarvaprathama 16 zabda doSoM kA vivecana hai jo pada tathA vAkya donoM meM hote haiN| punaH visaMdhi Adi vAkya doSoM tathA kaSTaapuSTa Adi artha - doSoM kA nirUpaNaM kiyA gayA hai| anta meM, kAnti taukumAryAdi dapta guNoM kA vivecana kara tIna guNoM ke sambandha meM apanA spaSTa abhiprAya tathA tIna rotiyoM kA ullekha hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM, jAti, upamA, utprekSA Adi 63 arthAlaMkAroM kA sabheda nirUpaNa hai| isameM anya apara, AziSa Adi virala alaMkAroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai|

Page #53
41 caturtha adhyAya meM, citra, praleSa, anuprAsa, vakrokti, yamaka tathA punarUktavadAbhAsa nAmaka zabdAlaMkAroM kA bheda - prabheda sahita vivecana hai| paMcama adhyAya meM, sarvaprathama nava ratoM kA tAMgopAMga nirUpapa hai / tatpazcAta rasa-doSa, nAyaka ke dhIrodAttAdi cAra bheda, dhIralalita ke anukUla, pATha, pRSTha tathA dakSipa nAmaka cAra prada, nAyaka ke gupa, nAyikAbheda, strI kI ATha avasthAe~, dasa kAmAvasthAe~ tathA kAlAdi-aucityoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai|

Page #54
AcArya bhAvasari AcArya bhAvadeva sUri kAlikAcArya- saMtAnIya khaMDilagacchIya paraMparA ke AcArya jinadevasUri ke ziSya the| inakA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki inhoMne pArzvanAtha caritaM kI racanA vi. saM. 1412 me zrIpattana nAmaka nagara meM kI thI, jisakA ullekha pArzvanAtha-carita" kI prazatti meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya bhAvadevasUri ne "kAvyAlaMkArasAra" isa alaMkAraviSayaka grantha ke atirikta anya kitane granthoM kI racanA kI, yaha spaSTarUpeNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki ina granthoM meM, paraspara eka dUsare kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai, kintu "pArzvanAthacarita?, "jar3a dipacariyA (pratidinacaryA) 3 aura kAlikAcAryakathA" nAmaka granthoM me kAlikAcArya santAnIya bhAvadevasUri kA 1. teSAM vineyavinayI bahu bhAvadeva sUriH prasanna jinadevagurUprasAdAt / zrIpatanAravyanagare ravi vizvavarSe pAzrvAprabhokhyacarita ralamidaM tatAna / / pArzvanAthacaritaprazasti, 14 ("jainAcAryo kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna' pR. 43 se uddhRta 1 ) "jainAcAryo kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna " pR. 44 se uddhata / 2. 3. tirIkA likasUrIpaM vasavyava bhAvadevasUrI hUi~ / saMkaliyA dipaceriyA esA yovamaijaNe (I ) joggA / / - 42 yatidinacaryA - prAnta, gA0 ( alaMkAramahodadhi prastAvanA, pR. 17 ) 4. tatpAdapadmamadhupA : vijJa, zrIbhAvadevasUrIpA: zrI kAlakAcaritaM punaH kRtaM yaiH svargaH pUrtyA / / jaina siddhAntabhAskara, bhAga 14, kiraNa2, e. 38

Page #55
43 spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki uparyukta ganyoM ke racayitA mAvadevasari hI hoNge| agara candanAhaTA ke eka lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki bhAvadevatari para eka rAta kI racanA kI gii| rAta meM yaha kadhita hai ki saM0 1604 meM bhAvadevasari ko prasiddhi prApta huI thii| isake atirikta ukta lekha se yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki anUpa saMskRta lAiberI se sari jI ke ziSya mAladeva racita "kalpAntarvAcya nAmaka ganya kI prati upalabdha hai jisakI racanA saM0 1612 yA / 4 meM kI gaI hai, usakI prazasti ke eka padha meM "kAlakAcarita' kA ullekha hai ityaadi| ukta rAsa ke nAyaka bhAvadevatari ko saM0 1604 meM prasiddhi prApta huI thI tathA pArzvanAtha carita' ke racayitA bhAvadevasari ne "pAparva nAtha carita' kI racanA saM0 1412 meM kI hai| ina donoM tithiyoM meM paryApta antarAla hai| ata: ukta donoM AcAryo ko eka hI mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM pratIta hotA hai| saMbhavata : prazasti bAda meM jor3I gaI ho tathA lipikAra ne bhAvadevatari kI prasiddhi ke kAraNa pramA davazAta kA lAyarita kA ullekha karane vAle ukta papaM kA samAveza kara diyA ho| 1. jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna pR. 55 te utta 2. tatyAdapAmadhupA:---svargAH patrye / jaina siddhAntabhAskara, bhAga 14, kiraNa 2, pR:38

Page #56
144 kAvyAlaMkAramAra kAvyAlaMkArasAra nAmaka ganya kI racanA A.bhAvadevatari ne pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM kii|' isa padyAtmaka kRti ke prathama padha meM isakA "kAvyAlaMkArasaMkalanA* , pratyeka adhyAya kI puSpikA meM "alaMkAratAra aura AThaveM adhyAya ke aMtima padya meM "alaMkA rasaMgaha' nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha saMkSipta kintu mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM AcArya ne prAcIna granthoM se sArabhUta tatvoM ko gRhapa kara saMgahIta kiyA hai| 2 ATha adhyAyo meM vibhakta isa ganya kI viSayavastu isa prakAra hai - prathama adhyAya meM kAvya-prayojana, kAvya-hetu tathA kAvya-svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ___dvitIya adhyAya meM, mukhya lAkSapika tathA vyaMjaka nAmaka tIna zabda-bheda, unake lakSapA tathA vyaMjanA nAmaka tIna arthamada tathA vAcya, lakSya tathA vyaMgya nAmaka tIna vyApAroM kA saMkSepa meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM, zrutikTu, cyutasaMskRti Adi 32 pada - doSoM kA nirUpapa kiyA gayA hai| ye 32 doSa vAkya ke bhI hote haiN| tatpazcAta apuSTArthakaSTAdi ATha arthadoSoM kA nAmollekha kara kiMcita vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 1. jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR. / / 1 2. AcArya mAvadevena prAcyazAstra mahodadheH AdAya sAraratnAni kRto'laMkArasaMgaha: 8/8 kAvyAlaMkA rasAra, 8/8

Page #57
45 caturtha adhyAya meM, sarvaprathama vAmana sammata dasa gupoM kA vivecana kara bhAmaha tathA Anandavardhana sammata tIna gupo kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| punaH zobhA, abhidhA, hetu, pratiSedha, nirUkti, mukti, kArya va siddhi nAmaka ATha kAvya-cinhoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| ___paMcama adhyAya meM vakrokti, anupAta, yamaka, zleSa, citra tathA punarUktavadAbhAsa nAmaka chaH zabdAlaMkAroM kA sodAharaNa nirUpapa kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM, upamA, utprekSA rUpaka Adi 50 arthAlaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya meM, pAMcAlI, lATI, gauDI tathA vedI nAmaka cAra rItiyoM kA nirUpapa kiyA gayA hai| aSTama adhyAya meM, bhAva, vibhAva, anubhAvAdi kA mAtra nAmollekha

Page #58
46 dvitIya adhyAya - kAvya svarUpa, hetu, prayojana : kAvyatvarUpa saMskRta kAvya-ciMtakoM ne kAvya ke sarvasammata nirdaSTa evaM sArvabhauma lakSaNa prastuta karane kA prayAta prAraMbha se hI kiyA hai, para unake vicAroM meM itanI bhinnatA rahI hai ki isa prazna ko lekara chaH saMpradAyoM kI sRSTi huI evaM pratyeka ne paraspara virodhI mAnyatAyeM sthApita kii| mAnasika AdhAra para avalambita kisI bhI vastu kA lakSaNa prastuta karanA atyaMta duSkara hai| sAmAnyata: vastu kA svarUpa taba taka pUrNata: zuddha nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, jaba taka ki vaha avyApti, ativyApti tathA asambhava ina doSoM se rahita na ho| ata : jita svarUpa meM uparyukta doSoM kA abhAva hogA vahI zuddha svarUpa mAnA jaayegaa| prAcInakAla se adyAvadhi kAvya ke svarUpa para vibhinna AcAryoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| upalabdha kAvya-svarUpoM meM bhAmaha-kRta kAvya-svarUpa sarvAdhika prAcIna hai| AcArya bhAmaha ke samaya kAvyasvarUpa viSayaka aneka dhArapAyeM thiiN| koI AcArya kevala zabda ko va koI AcArya kevala artha ko kAvya kI saMjJA se abhihita karate the jaisA ki vakroktikAra ke ullekha se spaSTa hotA hai| 1. keSAzcinmataM kavikauzalakalpitakamanIyatAtizaya : zabda eva kevalaM kaavymiti| keSAMcid vAcyameva racanAvaikiyacamatkArakAri kaavymiti| vakroktijIvita / / / vRtti

Page #59
isI dvandva ko samApta karane ke uddezya se AcArya bhAmaha ne "zabdArtho sahitau kAvya" / yaha kAvya kA lakSaNa prastuta kiyaa| arthAt unhoMne zabda evaM artha donoM ke sahabhAva ko kAvya maanaa| ve sahabhAva yA "sahitau" zabda kA kyA artha grahaNa karate haiM isakI vyAkhyA unhoMne nahIM kii| para unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa racanA meM varNita artha ke anurUpa zabdoM kA prayoga ho yA zabdoM ke anurUpa artha kA varNana ho ve zabda tathA artha hI "sahita pada se vivakSita haiN| lekina yaha kAvya svarUpa manISiyoM ko adhika grAhaya na ho sakA kyoMki yaha ativyApti doSa se grasta thA tathA isameM sAmAnya gadya-padya racanA kA bhI samAveza sambhava thaa| A. daNDI ne bhAmahakRta kAvyalakSaNa kA pariSkAra karate hue kAvya svarUpa nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA abhilaSita artha ko abhivyakta karane vAlI padAvalI kA nAma kAvya hai| 2 daNDI ne mAmaha ke "sahitau" pada kA artha spaSTa karate hue sarvaprathama kAvya ke zarIra kI hI bAta kI hai| kAvyAtmA ke viSaya me unhoMne koI vicAra nahIM kiyA hai| ataH bhAmaha tathA daNDI ke kAvyasvarUpa meM koI maulika antara nahIM hai| daNDI ke abhilaSita artha va padAvalI ( zabda samUha ) tathA bhAmaha ke zabda va artha meM lagabhaga eka hI bAta kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| yaha bhI ativyApti doSayukta kAvya hai| 1. kAvyAlaMkAra 1/16 2. 47 - zarIraM tAvadiSTArthavyavacchinnA padAvalI / kAvyAdarza, 1/10

Page #60
48 isa samaya taka viddhAnoM kA dhyAna kevala kAvya-zarIra taka hI sImita thaa| vAmana ne sarvaprathama kAvyazarIra meM AtmA kI bAta kI unhoMne rIti ko kAvya ke AtmabhUta tatva ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karake bhAmaha va daNDI Adi ke dvArA pratipAdita kAvyazarIra meM prApapratiSThA karane kA prayatna kiyaa| "rI tirAtmA kAvyasya" (arthAta rIti hI kAvya kI AtmA hai) yaha unakA kAvya-lakSapa yA malasiddhAnta hai| vaha likhate hai ki kAvya alaMkAra ke yoga se hI upAdeya hai tathA vaha kAvya zabda, gupa tathA alaMkAra se susaMskRta zabda tathA artha kA hI bodhaka hai| 2 isa prakAra vAmana ne "rI tirAtmA kAvyasya' likhakara kAvya kI "AtmA" kyA hai, eka nayA prazna uThA diyaa| isI liye agale vicAraka AnandavardhanAcArya ke samakSa kAvya kI AtmA ke nirdhAraNa karane kA prazna kAvyapavana bana gyaa| rItiyoM ko ve kevala saMghaTanA yA avayava-tasthAna ke samAna hI mAnate haiM, unako kAvyAtmA ve nahIM maante| unhoMna "dhvani" ko kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| unake anusAra dhvani hI kAvya kA jIvanAdhAyaka tatva hai| unakA dhvani-svarUpa nizcita hI eka 1. kAvyAlaMkArasUtra, 1/2/6 2. kAvyaM graahymlNkaaraat| kAvya zabdo'yaM gupAlaMkAra saMskRtayoH shbdaarthyorvtte| vahI, 1/1/1, vRtti 3 kAvyAtyAtmA dhvaniH. dhvanyAloka / / / yatrArthaH zabdovA tamarthamupasarjanI kRtsvaaryo| vyakta : kAvyavizeSaH sadhvaniriti sAribhi: kthitH|| vahI, 1/13

Page #61
uccastarIya kAvya kA saMketaka hai| de dhvani ko vastu, alaMkAra tathA rata dhvani bheda te tIna prakAra kA batAte hue ratadhvaniyukta kAvya ko sarvotkRSTa mAnate haiN| unhoMne liyA ki "sahdayoM ke hRdaya ko AnaMdamagna karane vAlA, rasA bhivyakti karA dene vAlA zabdArthayugala kAvya hai|' dhvanitattva kI dRSTi se yaha nakSapa mahatvapUrNa va AdarzabhUta hai para isameM gupa, dora, alaMkArAdi vizeSapoM kI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai tathA yaha citrakAvyAdi ko apane aMdara samAhita nahIM kara sakatA, ata: atyApti doSayukta hai| rAjazekhara ne kAvyapurudha kI kalpanA karake kAvya-svarUpa meM zabda, artha, guNa, rasa va alaMkAra sabhI kA sAmaMjasya karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| vakroktikA ra kuntaka ne bhI yapi "vako nti : kAvyanI vitam yaha mAnate hue vidagdhagIbhaNiti ko hI kAvya batalAyA tathApi kAvya-svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue usake sabhI aMgoM kI ora dhyAna diyaa| tadanantara kAvya lakSaNa meM samanvaya kI pravRtti bar3hatI rhii| eka bhoja rAja ne kAvya ko gupoM se yukta alaMkAroM se alaMkRta va ratoM se rAmanvita mAnA to dUsarI ora ora 1. sahadayahRdayAkSAdi zabdArthamayatvameva kAvyalakSapama vaDI, 1/I, vRtti 2. kAvyamImAMsA, tRtIya adhyAya 3. nirdoSa gpvtkaavymlNkaarelkRtm| rasAnvitaM kaviH kurvana kI ti prItiM ca vindti|| sarasvatI kaNThAbharapa 1/2

Page #62
bemendra ne "aucitya ko hI kAvya kA prApa" khaa| ina tamasta lakSaNoM kA samanvita rUpa AcArya mammaTa ke kAvya-svarUpa dRSTigata hotA hai| kAvya-svarUpa nirUpaNa karate unhoMne likhA ki - ( kAvyatva vighAtaka) doSa rahita, (mAdhuryAdi) guNa sahita tathA kahIM-kahIM sphuTa) alaMkAra rahita sAdhAraNata: alaMkAra sahita zabda tathA artha samUha kAvya haiN|' isa lakSaNa meM AcArya mammaTa ne zabdArthayugala ke "adoSoM" "sagupau Adi vizeSaNa prastuta karake nizcaya hI zlAghanIya kArya kiyA hai| unakA kAvya lakSaNa sAmAjika tathA kavi donoM kI dRSTi se pUrNa hai, kRti tathA anubhUti te sambandha rakhane vAlA hai| isameM alaMkAravAdI, rItivAdI, vakroktikAra va dhvanivAdI sabhI sampradAyoM ke kAvyalakSaNa A milate haiN| sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa ke 'nirdoSa guNavata.' Adi kA svarUpa ke sAtha isakA atyadhika sAmya hai| yadyapi sAhityadarpaNakAra tathA paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne isakI kaTu AlocanA avazya kI hai, kintu ve isase adhika vyApaka tathA sarvagrAhya kAvya na de ske| vastuta: kAvya to lokottara- varSanA nipuNa kavikarma hai| use lakSaNa 1. tadadoSI zabdArtho sagupAvanalai. kRtI punaH kvApi / / kAvyaprakAza 1/4 vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyasa "sAhityadarpaNa 1 / 3 2. - 3. ramaNIyArthapratipAdaka: zabda: kAvyam 1 rasaMgAdhara (kAvyamAlA) pR. 4-5 50 - - lakSaNa

Page #63
athavA paribhASA kI sImAoM meM kaise bAMdhA jA sakatA hai? saMkSepa meM, vizvanAtha tathA paNDitarAma jagannAtha sadRza svataMtra ciMtaka AcAryoM ke atirikta zeSa AcAryoM ke kAvya-svarUpa para prAya: A. mammaTa kA prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai| prAyaH samasta jainAcArya mammaTAnugAmI haiM jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne kAvya svarUpa para vicAra karate likhA hai ki - ( audAryAdi) gupa tathA (upamA di) alaMkAroM se yukta, (vaidarbhI Adi ) spaSTa rIti va (zrRMgArAdi) rasoM se yukta sAdhu zabda artha sandarbha kAvya kahalAtA hai| AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne mammaTa ke kAvya-svarUpa meM eka-do navIna tatvoM kA samAveza kiyA hai, jisameM rIti pramukha hai| kiMtu sAmAnyataH vidvAn rIti ko kAvya meM Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiN| sAtha hI inhoMne kAvya meM alaMkAra kI sthiti anivArya mAnI hai| 51 AcArya hemacandra ne mammaTa kI kaThina tathA vyAkhyApekSa zailI ko sarala karate hue, zabdavinyAsa meM kucha parivartana karake mammaTa ke kAvyalakSaNa ko prastuta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM- "doSarahita, gupAnvita tathA alaMkArayukta zabdArtha kAvya hai| 2 kintu kabhI alaMkArarahita zabdArtha bhI kAvya kahalAtA hai isa bAta ko unhoMne "cakAra" mAtra se kaha diyA tathA vRtti meM niralaMkAra 1. - sAdhuzabdArthasandarbha guNAlaMkArabhUSitam sphuTarI tirasopetaM lavyama vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 1/21 475781 2. adoSau saguNau tAlaMkArau ca zabdArthau kAvyam / kAvyAnuzAsana 1/11 - ALLAHATA

Page #64
zabdArtha ko kAvya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kI bAta kahI hai|| AcArya hemacandra ne kAvya meM guNoM kI sattA anivArya mAnI hai| kAvya meM guNoM kI sattA kA artha hai rasasampatti se yukta honaa| isa prakAra hemacandra kA Agraha hai ki aise zabdArtha hI jo doSarahita tathA rasasamanvita haiM, kAvya kI saMjJA se suzobhita ho sakate haiN| guNoM kI anivAryatA ko siddha karate hue svayaM kahA hai ki aisA zabdArthayugala jo alaMkAro se maNDita nahIM hai lekina gupabahula hai to loga usakA rasAsvAdana kreNge| arthAt vaha uttama kAvya hogaa| kintu vahI zabdArthayugala alaMkAroM se maNDita hote hue bhI jaba guNoM se hIna hogA to koI usakA rasAsvAda nahIM karegA arthAt vaha kAvya na hogaa| 2 hemacandrAcArya ne gupayukta kAvya kA udAharaNa, jisameM alaMkAroM kA sarvathA abhAva hai, "zUnyaM vAsagRhaM vilokya" ityAdi zloka prastuta kiyA hai tathA alaMkRta hote hue bhI guNarahita kAvya kA udAharaNa * stanakarparapRSThasthA" ityAdi diyA hai| 3 lo 2. 52 cakArI niralaMkArayorapi zabdArthayo: kavacitkAvyatvaravyApanArthaH / kAvyAnu vRtti, pR0 33 anena kAvye guNAnAmavazyaMbhAvamAha svadate / kAvyAnu, viveka TIkA, pR. 33 ....... tathA hi alaMkRtamapi guNabahava: alaMkRtamapi nirguNaM na svadate / 3. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR, 33-34

Page #65
ita prakAra AcArya hemacandra kA kAvya-lakSaNa saMkSipta hokara bhI sAragarbhita hai| mammaTa kI tulanA meM bhale hI koI navIna bAta isameM nahIM kahI gaI hai tathApi use parimArjita va sapatiSThita karane kA zreya AvArya hemacandra ko avazya hai| A. rAmacandra guNacandra ne apane nATyadarpapa meM yadhapi pramukhata : nATyazAstrIya viSayoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai tathApi isameM AnuSaMgika rUpa se rUpaketara kAvyazAstrIya prasaMgoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AcArya rAmacandragupacandra ke anusAra - abhineya (arthAt dRzya kAvya)tathA anabhinaya (zravya kAvya) ubhayavidha kAvya kA zabdArtha zarIra hai, rasa pApa hai|' vibhAvAnubhAvasaMcArI - rUpa kArapoM ke dvArA yaha kAvya saGdayoM ke hRdaya taka pahuMcatA hai| ata: kaviyoM ko cAhie ki ve rasa - niveza ke viSaya meM adhika sauhArdra se tallIna raheM, jisase ki anAyAsa rasa niveza ke sAtha-sAtha alaMkAra bhI usakA aMga - upakAraka bana jaay| tabhI vaha kAvya sahadayoM ke hRdaya meM camatkAra kA AdhAna kara sakatA hai| isake udAharapa rUpa meM ve "kapole patrAlI.... ityAdi udAharapa prastuta karate haiN| 1. artha zabdavapuH kAvyaM rataiH praapairvitrpti| hindI nATyadarpapa, 3/21 2. hindI nATyapa, vivarapa (vRtti) bhAga, pR. 318

Page #66
apane uparokta kathana ko aura spaSTa karate ve kahate haiM ki navInanavIna arthoM ko prakAzita karane vAle zabdoM kI racanA kara denA mAtra hI kAvya nahIM kahalAtA hai| kyoMki nyAya tathA vyAkaraNAdi meM bhI yaha ho sakatA hai| kiMtu camatkArajanaka, rasa se pavitra zabda tathA artha kA sanniveza hI kAvya kahalAne yogya hotA hai| jaise paripAka ho jAne ke kAraNa sundara dRSTigata hone vAlA bhI Amrapala rasazUnya hone para burA lagatA hai / ' AcArya narendraprabhasari ne mammaTa sammata kAvya-svarUpa meM kucha apanI doSarahita, guNa, alaMkAra va vyaMjanA bAta kA samAveza karate likhA hai ki sahita kAvya kahalAtA hai| 2 Age ve likhate haiM ki jahAM alaMkAra kI asphuTa 1. 2. - 54 na hi navanavArthavyutpannazabdagathanameva kAvyaM tarka- vyAkaraNayorapi tathA bhAvaprasaMgAt / kintu vicitra rasapavitrazabdArtha niveza: / vipAkakamanIyamapi yamakazleSAdInAmeva nibandhamarhati / hindI nATyadarpaNa, vivaraNa bhAga, pR. 320 nirdoSaH saguNaH sAlaMkRta: savyaMjana stathA / zabdazcAryazca vaicitryapAtratAM hi vigAhate / / alaMkAramahodadhi 1/13

Page #67
( aspaSTa ) pratIti hotI hai vahA~ bhI nirdoSatA, saguNatA tathA vyaMjanA kA tamAveza hone para kAvyatva kI hAni nahIM hotii| jaise - geyaM zrotraikapeyaM... ityAdi meN| AcArya narendraprabhasUri ne mammaTa ke kAvya-svarUpa meM " savyaMjanastathA" yaha eka vizeSaNa jor3A hai jo sarvathA maulika hai| lekina yahAM para yaha vicAraNIya hai ki kAvya ke sabhI prakAroM meM vyaMjanA kA samAveza to nahIM hotA / svayaM narendraprabhasUri ne kAvya ke avara kAvya nAmaka tRtIya bheda ke rUpa meM vyaMjanA kI anivAryatA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| 2 jisase unakA yaha kAvya-svarUpa avyApti doSa se grasita hai| ataH ukta vizeSaNa sadoSa hai| - vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne AcArya mammaTa ke kAvyasvarUpa kI punarAvRtti mAtra karate hue kAvyalakSaNa diyA ki "doSarahita, guNasahita tathA prAya: alaMkAra yukta zabdArtha samUha kAvya hai| 3 isake udAharaNarUpa meM "zUnyaMvAsagRhaM vilokya ...." ityAdi udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| 1. yatrApyasphuTatvaM tatrApi camatkAriNyaparatraye nirdoSatva saguNatva - savyajaMnatvalakSaNe sati na kAvyatA parihIyate / " vahI, vRti, pR. 11 55 2. yatra vyaMjanavaicitryacArimA ko'pi nekSyate / kAvyAdhvani sadA'dhvanyaistat kAvyamavaraM smRtam / / alaMkAramahodadhi, 1/17 3. zabdArthoM nirdoSau saguNI prAyaH sAlaMkArI kAvyasa kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa, pR. 14 -

Page #68
isI prakAra AcArya bhAvadevatari - sahadayoM ke liye iSTa, doSa - rahita, sadgupoM tathA alaMkAroM se yukta zabdArtha - samUha ko kAvya mAnate haiN|' isa kAvya - svarUpa ke mala meM bhI A. mammaTa ke kAvya-lakSapa kI hI bhAvanA pradhAna hai| isa prakAra ina kta samasta jainAcAryoM ne kAvya- svarUpa meM prArambha se calI AI paramparA ko adhuNpa banAye rakhane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai tathA kAvya-svarUpa para vibhinna daSTikopoM se vicAra kara katipaya navIna tathyoM kA samAveza karate hue apanA mata prastuta kiyA hai| kAvya-bheda kAvya ke bheda - prabhedoM para prAcInakAla se hI vicAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai|bhaamhaacaary ne kAvya ke do bheda kiye the - gaya kAvya tathA pagha kaavy| unhoMne vRttabandha tathA avRttabandha do prakAra kI racanA kI dvaSTi se ye bheda kiye the| rItivAdI AcArya dAmana ne bhI kAvya ke ina 1. zabdArthoM ca bhaveta kAvyaM tau va nirdeSa sdgpau| sAlaMkArI satA miSTAvata etannirUpyate kAvyAlaMkArasAra - 1/5

Page #69
do pakAroM kA nirUpapa karake jya tathA padya ke bhI racanAnusAra aneka prabheda kiye| unhoMne prAcIna kaviyo kI "gacaM kavInAM nikaSa vadanti" yaha ukti dekara gadya ko prAthamintA dI tathA gadha-papa rUpa kAvya ke bhI do bheda kiye - prabandha tathA muktaka2 / unhoMne prabandhakAvyoM meM dasa prakAra ke rUpaka nATakAdi ko zreSTha batalAte hue kahA - "sandarbheSu dazarUpakaM preya :- 3 AcArya daNDI ne "ga" tathA "paya" nAmaka do kAvya - medoM meM "mitra" nAmaka tIsarA bheda aura jor3a diyaa|' unhoMne gadya-paya mizrita nATakoM kA kAvya meM antarbhAva karane ke liye "mitra' nAmaka kAvya-bheda kI udabhAvanA kI, yadyapi prAcInakAla me hI bharatamuni nATaka ko "kAvya" batA cuke bhAmaha tathA daNDI ne bhASA ke AdhAra para bhI kAvya ke tIna bheda kiye - saMskRta kAvya 2. prAkRta kAvya 3 apabhaMza kaavy| 1. kAvyaM gaI pacaMca, kAvyAlaMkArasatra 1.3-21 2. tadanibddhaM nibaddhaMca __vahI, 1.327 3. vahI, 1. 3. 30 4. kAvyAdarza 1/11

Page #70
58 rUTa ne inameM tIna prakAra aura jor3a diye - + mAgadha kAvya paizAcakAvya 6 zauratena kAvya isI prakAra alaMkAra tathA rIti sampadAya AcAryoM ne kAvya ke anya bhI bheda prabheda kiye, jinameM mahAkAvya, kathA, AkhyAyikA, campa tathA nATaka va prakarapa Adi vividha rUpakoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA thaa| dhvanivAdI AcAryoM ne kAvya ke isa bheda-pabheda kI ora adhika dhyAna nahIM diyA tathApi AcArya ananandavardhana ne prAcIna AcAryoM ke abhimta aneka kAvya-prabhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - muktaka, sandA nitaka, vizeSaka, kalApaka kulaka, paryAyabA, parikathA, khaNDakathA, sakalakathA, sargabandha, abhinaya, AkhyAyikA tathA kthaa|' unhoMne ina kAvya-bhedoM kI racanA saMskRta, prAkRta va apagaMza meM svIkAra kI hai| jisase unake dvArA bhASA ko AdhAra mAnakara kAvya -bhedoM kI ora saMketa milatA hai| 1. dhvanyAloka, 3/7 vRtti / 2. dhvanyAloka, 3/7 vRtti /

Page #71
prathama ne bhASA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kucha jainAcArya vAgbhaTa udAra dRSTi apanAI tathA unhoMne kAvya racanA hetu pUrvAcAryoM dvArA svIkRta saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza ke atirikta bhUtabhASA paizAcI, ko bhI samAna rUpa se sthAna diyA hai|' isakA kucha kucha saMketa daNDI ke isa kathana meM bhI milatA hai ki vicitra arthoM vAlI bRhatkathA bhUtabhASA meM hai| 2 - - vAgbhaTa prathama ne chanda ke AdhAra para tIna bheda kie haiN| mizra / 3 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 2/1 2. kAvyAdarza, 1/38 3. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 2/4 4. - pAThya AcArya hemacandra ne indriyoM kI grAhakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue sarvaprathama do bheda kie haiM - prekSya tathA zravya / prekSya ke do bheda hai tathA gayA punaH pAThya ke 12 bheda haiM nATaka, prakaraNa, nATikA, samavakAra, IhAmRga, Dima, vyAyoga, utsRSTikAMka, prahasana, bhANa, vIthI tathA saTTaka / gaya ke 13 bheda haiM DombikA, bhASa, prasthAna, ziMgaka, mANikA, preraNa, rAmakrIDa, hallIsaka, rAsaka, goSThI, zrIgadita, rAga aura kAvya aadi| 4 kAvyAnuzAsana, 8/1-4 ---- gadya, padya tathA 59 -

Page #72
Adi pada se zampA, chalita tathA dvipadA Adi kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| / dvipadI tathA zampA kA ullekha isase pUrva bhAmaha ne bhI kiyA hai| 2 AcArya hemacandra ne zravya ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiM mahAkAvya, AkhyAyikA, kathA, campU aura anibadu 31 nATyadarpaNakAra ne apane grantha meM kAvya ke bhedoM kA mAtra kathA Adi kA mArga alaMkAroM se komala ho jAne ke kAraNa sukhapUrvaka saMcaraNa karane yogya hai" itanA hI ullekha kiyA hai tathA rUpaka ke 12 bheda batAye haiMnATaka, prakaraNa, nATikA, prakaraNI, vyAyoga, samavakAra, bhASa, prahasana, Dima, utsRSTikAMka, IhAmRga tathA viithii| 5 - AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne gadya, padya tathA mizra tIna bhedoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| ' punaH vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne padma ke mahAkAvya, muktaka, saMdAnitaka, vizeSaka, kalApaka tathA kulaka ye cha: bheda, gadya kA AkhyAyikA mAtra eka bheda tathA mizra ke rUpaka, kathA, va campU ye tIna bheda kie haiN| punaH 1. bhAdigrahaNAt zampAccha lita dvipadhAdi parigrahaH / vahI, 8/4 vRtti | 2. 3. 4. - 5. 6. 60 - kAvyAlaMkAra 1/24 zravyaM mahAkAvyamAkhyAyikA kathA campUranibaddhaM ca / kAvyAnuzAsana, 8/5 hi. nATyadarpaNa, zloka 3, prathama viveka hi. nATyadarpaNa, zloka 1/3 kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 15

Page #73
rUpaka ke abhinaya tathA geya ye do bheda kie hai| inake anusAra abhineya kI saMkhyA data hai, jo hemacandra sammata pAThya ke 12 medoM meM se nA TikA tathA sTaka ko chor3akara zeSa dasa haiN| geya hemacandrasammata hI hai|' bharatamuni ne nATyazAstra meM nATakAdi dRzya - kAvyoM kA bRhada rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai, ataH prastuta meM kevala avya-kAvya ke bheda - mahAkAvya AkhyAyikA, kathA, campU tathA anibaddha - 5 bhedoM kA hI nirUpapa kiyA jA rahA hai - mahAkAvya - jIvana kI samaga ghaTanAoM kA jahA~ eka sAtha vistRta vivecana kiyA jAtA hai, aisI padyamayI racanA kA nAma mahAkAvya hai| AcArya mAmaha ne sarvaprathama mahAkAvya kA svarUpa nirUpapa karate hue likhA hai ki - jo sargabandha ho, jisameM mahApuruSoM kA carita nibaddha ho, bar3A ho, aisA grAmya - zabdoM se rahita, arthasauSThava sampanna, alaMkAra yukta, sajjanAzrita, maMtrapA, itasampreSapa, prayApa, yuddhanAyaka ke abhyudaya tathA paMcasandhiyoM se samanvita anativyAkhyeya (akliSTa), vaibhava - sampanna, caturvarga kA nirUpapa karane para bhI adhikatA arthopadeza kI ho tathA jo lokAcAra tathA samasta rasoM se yukta ho, vaha mahAkAvya kahalAtA hai| daNDIkRta mahAkAvya ke svarUpa meM katipaya anya bAtoM kA bhI samAveza hai| yathA - isakA prAraMbha - 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 15-19 2. kAvyAlaMkAra, 1/19-21 3 kAvyAdarza 1/14-19

Page #74
AzIrvAda, namaskAra athavA kathAvastu ke nirdeza te hotA hai| isameM sabhI sargoM ke anta meM chandoM kI bhinnatA tathA lokAnuraMjana Adi pramukha haiN| isa lakSaNa kI eka aura anya pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki jahA~ bhAmaha ne mahAkAvya me varNya kucha hI viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, vahA~ daNDI ne nimna aThAraha viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - nagara, samudra, parvata, atu, candrodaya, sUryodaya, udyAna, jalakIDA, madhupAna, prema, vipralambha, vivAha, kumArotpati, maMtrapA, ita-preSapa, prayApa, yuddha tathA naaykaabhyudy| inameM se antima pA~ca kA ullekha bhAmaha ne isake pUrva kiyA hai| jainAcArya hemacandra ne mahAkAvya kA svarUpa nirUpapa karate hue liyA hai ki - saMskRta, prAkRta apabhaMza tathA gAmyabhASA meM nibaddha, sarga ke anta meM bhinna chandoM se yukta sarga, AzvAsa, sandhi aura avaskandhakabandha meM vibhakta, uttama sandhiyoM se yukta, tathA zabdArya - vaicitrya sampanna padyamayI racanA kA nAma mahAkAvya hai|' isake atirikta AcArya hemacandra kI mAnyatA hai ki saMskRta bhASA meM nibadu mahAkAvya meM sarga ke sthAna para yadi AzvAsaka kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAye to koI hAni nahIM hai tathA sampUrNa mahAkAvya meM prArambha se lekara - -- - - - - - 1. pacaM prAyaH saMskRtaprAkRtApabhaMzagAmyabhASAnibaddha bhinnAntyavRttasargApavAsasaMdhyavaskandhakabandhaM satsandhi zabdArthavaicitryopetaM mhaakaavym| kAvyAna. 8/6

Page #75
63 samAptiparyanta eka hI chanda kA prayoga bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai|' AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya kA mahAkAvya-svarUpa AcArya hemacandra ke sUtrarUpa meM nibaddha mahAkAvya ke svarUpa aura vRtti meM kiye gaye vyAkhyAna ke sammizrapa kA punaH stra rUpa meM nibadu pariSkRta rUpa hai|2 1. prAyogahapAta saMskRta bhASayA'pyAzvAsakabandho hariprabodhAdau na dussyti| prAyogahapAdeva rAvapavijayaharivijayasetubandhenvAdita : samAptiparyantamekamevaM chando bhvtiiti| kAvyAnu, 8/6 vRtti 2. tatra prAyaH saMskRtaprAkRtApabhaMzagAmyabhASAnibaddha bhinnAntyavRttasargA zvAsakasaMdhyavaskandhakabandhama, mukhapatimukhagarbhavimarzanirvahaphrUpasaMdhipaMcakopetam, asaMkSipta ganthama, aviSamabandhama, anativistI parasparasaMbaddha sargama, AzIrnamaStyiAvastunirdezopakramayutama, vaktavyavastupratijJAtataprayojanopanyAsakaviprazaMsA sajjanadurjanacintA divAkyopetam, duSkarIcitrAyekasagAMkitama, svabhipretavastvaMktitargAntam, caturvagaphlopetam, catarodAttanAyakama, prasiddhanAyakacaritamu, ngnaagrtaagrtcndraakodyaastsmgrodhaan jalake limapAnasaratamantradatatainyAvAsapayApA jinAyakAbhyudaya vivAhavipalambhAzramanadyAdivarpanopetaM mhaakaavym| kAvyAnu., vAgbhaTa, pR. 15

Page #76
64 - -- - AkhyAyikA - AkhyAyikA kA tAtparya hai, aitihAsika vRtt| A. mAmajhusAra "saMskRta bhASA meM nibdha gadyamayI racanA AkhyAyikA kahalAtI hai| usameM zabda, artha tathA samApta akliSTa evaM bhravya ho, viSaya udAtta ho aura ucchvAtoM meM vibhakta ho, isameM nAyaka AtmavRtta svayaM kahatA hai| samaya - samaya para bhaviSya meM hone vAlI ghaTanAjoM ke sUcaka vaktra tathA aparavaktra nAmaka chanda rahate haiN| vaha kavi ke kinhIM abhiprAyapUrpa kathanoM se aMkita, kanyAharapa, saMgAma, vipalambha aura abhyudaya ke varNanoM se yukta hotI hai|' AkhyA yikA meM AtmavRtta nAyaka hI kahe yaha daNDI Avazyaka nahIM maante| ve kathA tathA AkhyAyikA ko eka hI jAti ke do nAma mAnate haiN| isake atirikta daNDI ke mata meM kanyAharaNa Adi bhI kathA athavA AkhyAyikA ke viziSTa gupa na hokara sargabandha kI taraha sAmAnya gupa hI hai tathA kavisvabhAvakRta cinha vizeSa kahIM bhI dUSita nahIM hote haiN| jainAcArya hemacandra ne AkhyAyikA ke lie bhAmaha sammata 5 bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake anutAra - jisameM nAyaka AtmavRtta svayaM kahatA ho tathA bhaviSya meM hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ke sUcaka vaktrAdi chandoM se yukta, ucvAsoM meM vibhakta, saMskRta bhASA meM nibda gadya - padyamayI racanA - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. kAvyAlaMkAra, 1/25-27 2. kAvyAdarza, 1/25-30

Page #77
65 AkhyAyikA kahalAtI hai| yahAM para AkhyAyikA gayamaya na hokara gadha se yukta hotI hai, aitA jo kahA gayA hai, usameM hemacandra kA yukta ke grahapa se tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi AkhyAyikA ke bIca - bIca meM atyalpa rUpa se padya kA nibandhana ho jAya to isate AkhyAyikA dUSita nahIM hogI, jaite - bApavira cita hrsscrit| vAgbhaTa - dvitIya AkhyAyikA meM minAdi ke mukha se vRtAnta kahalAne kI chUTa dete hai tathA bIca-bIca meM padya racanA ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| zeSa bAteM prAmaha-sammata hI unheM mAnya haiN| isa prakAra jainAcArya prAyaH bhAmahasamarthaka hai| kathA : kathA meM sAmAnyata: kavikalpanApasata varpana kiyA jAtA hai| bhAmaha ke anusAra isakI racanA saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza meM hotI hai, isameM vaktra tathA aparavaktra nAmaka chandoM tathA ucchavAsoM kA abhAva hotA hai| 1. nAyakAkhyAtasvavRttA bhAvyarthazaMsivaktrAdiHsocchavAtA saMskRtA gdyyuktaakhyaayikaa| kApyAnuzAsana, 8/7 2. kAvyAnu, 8/7 3. tatra nAyikAkhyAtasvavRttAntAbhAvyatinIsocchavAsA kanyakA pahArasamAgamAbhyudayabhASitA midimakhyAkhyAtavRttAntA antarAntarApraviralapaghabandhA aakhyaayikaa| kApyAnu vAgmaTa, pR. 16

Page #78
isake atirikta usameM nAyaka apanA carita svayaM nahIM kahatA, apitu kisI anya vyakti te kahalAtA hai, kyoMki kulIna, vyakti apane guNa svayaM kaise kahegA / / daNDI kathA tathA AkhyAyikA meM koI maulika bheda " na mAnakara eka hI jAti ke do nAma mAnate haiM? unake anusAra kathA kI racanA sabhI bhASAoM tathA saMskRta meM bhI hotI hai| adbhuta arthoM vAlI bRhatkathA bhUtabhASA meM hai| 3 Anandavardhana ne bhI kAvya ke bhedoM meM paTakathA, khaMDakathA tathA sakalakathA kA ullekha kiyA hai| 4 jainAcArya hemacandra ne kathA kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai ki jisameM dhIraprazAnta nAyaka ho tathA jo sarvabhASAoM meM nibadu ho, aisI gadya athavA pathamayI racanA kathA kahalAtI hai| inake anusAra saMskRta prAkRta, mAgadhI, zaurasenI, paizAcI tathA apabhraMza meM bhI kathA kA nibandhana, kiyA jA sakatA hai|' A. hemacandra ne kathA ke dasa bheda kie haiM - AkhyAna, nidarzana, pravahnikA, matallikA, maNikulyA, parikathA, khaNDakathA, sakalakathA, upakathA tathA bRhtkthaa'| pratyeka kA svarUpa nimna prakAra ha 1. kAvyAlaMkAra - 1/28-29 kAvyAdarza 1/28 vahI, 1/38 2. 3. 4. dhvanyAloka, 3/7 vRtti 5. * dhIrazAntanAyakA gadhena padyena vA sarvabhASA kathA | kAvyAnu - 8/8 6. kAvyAnu, 8 / 8 vRtti 7. vahI, 8/8 vRtti 66 ----

Page #79
AkhyAna - prabandha ke madhya meM dUsare ko samajhAne ke lie nalAdi upAkhyAna ke samAna upAkhyAna kA abhinaya karatA huA, par3hatA, gAtA huA jo eka granthika (jyotiSI ) kahatA hai, vaha govinda kI taraha AkhyAna kahalAtA hai| ' nidarzana pazu pakSiyoM athavA tadRbhinna prANiyoM kI ceSTAoM ke dvArA jahA~ kArya athavA akArya kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ paMcatantra Adi kI taraha tathA dhUrta, viTa, kuTTanImata, myUra, mArjArikA Adi ke samAna nidarzana hotA hai| pravahnikA vaha ardhaprAkRta meM ceTakAdi ke samAna pravahnikA hai| 3 - 67 2. pradhAna nAyaka ko lakSya karake jahA~ do vyaktiyo meM vivAda ho, - matallikA preta (bhUta) bhASA athavA mahArASTrI bhASA meM racita laghukathA, gorocanA athavA anaMgavatI Adi kI bhAMti matallikA hotI hai, jisameM purohita, amAtya athavA tApasa Adi kA prArambha kiye gaye kArya ko samApta na kara pAne ke kAraNa upahAsa hotA hai, vaha bhI matallikA kahalAtI hai| 4 1. prabandhamadhye paraprabodhanArthaM nalApAkhyAnamivopAkhyAnamabhinayan paThan gAyana yadaiko granthikaH kathayati tad govindavadAkhyAnam / vahI, 8 / 8 vRtti / tirazcAmatirazcAM vA ceSTAbhiryatra kAryamakArya vA nizcIyate tatpaMcatantrAdivat, dhUrta viTakuTTanImatampUramArjArikAdivacca nidarzanam / vahI, 8 / 8 vRtti ! 3. pradhAnamadhikRtya yatradvayorvivAdaH so'rdhaprAkRta racitA peTakA divat pravahikA / vahI 8/8 vRtti| 4. preta mahArASTrabhASayA kSudrakathA gorocanA anaMgavatthA divanmatallikA / yatyAM purohitAmAtyatApasAdInAM prArabdhAnirvAhi upahAsa : tApi matallikA / vahI, 8 / 8 vRtti |

Page #80
68 mApikulyA - jitameM pahale vastu lakSita nahIM hotI, kintu bAda meM prakAzita hone lagatI hai, vaha matsvasita Adi kI taraha mapikulyA hai|' parikathA - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM meM se kisI eka ko lakSya karake vibhinna prakAra se unantavRttAnta-darpana-pradhAna TikAdi ke samAna parikathA hotI hai| yaNDakathA - anya granthoM meM prasiddha itivRtta ko madhya te athavA anta te grahaNa kara jisameM varpana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha indumatI Adi kI taraha khaNDakathA kahalAtI hai| sukalakathA - caturpuruSAryoM ko lekara jahA~ itivRtta kA varpana ho, vaha samarAditya kI taraha sakalakathA kahalAtI hai| 1. yatyA pUrva vastu na lakSyate pazcAttu prakAzyeta sA matsyahasitA - divnmpikulyaa| kAvyAnu. 8/8 vRtti 2. ekaM dharmAdipuruSArthamuddizya prakAraciyepAnantavRtAntavarpanapadhAnA zatakA divata prikthaa| vahI, 8/8 vRttiA 3 madhyAdupAntato vA ganthAntaraprasiddha mitivRttaM yatyA vaya'te vA indumatyAdivata ynnddkthaa| vahI, 8/8 vRtti / + samastaphlAntativRttavarpanA samarAdityAdivat sklkyaa| vahI, 8/8 vRttiA

Page #81
upakathA - jahA~ prasiddha kathAntara kA kisI eka pAtra meM upanibandhana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha upakathA hai / / yathA citralekhAdi / bRhatkathA ke samAna bRhatkathA hotI hai| 2 kathA ke itane adhika upabhedoM kA ullekha kisI bhI anya AcArya ne nahIM kiyA hai| gadha campU : campU kA sarvaprathama ullekha AcArya daNDI ne kiyA hai| unake anusAra padyamaya mizra zailI meM nibadu racanA campU kahalAtI hai| 3 1. - lambhoM se aMkita adbhuta arthavAlI naravAhanadatta Adi ke carita jainAcArya hemacandra campU kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate likhate haiM ki sAGka, tathA ucchvAsoM meM vibhakta gadya padyamayI racanA campU hai| isakI racanA saMskRta bhASA meM hotI hai| campUkAvya kA udAharaNa vAsavadattA athavA damayantI haiN| vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne campU kA hemacandrasammata svarUpa hI prastuta kiyA hai| 40 3. kAvyAdarza, 1/31 5. 2. lambhAMkitAdbhutArthA naravAhanadattAdiparitavaDha bRhatkathA / vahI, 8 / 8 vRtti | - ekataracaritAzrayeNa prasiddha kathAnta ropanibandha upakathA | vahI, 8 / 8 vRtti| 69 gadhapadyamayI sAMkA socchvAsA campUH / kAvyAnu, 8/9 gadyapadyamayI sAMkA socchvAsA campUH / kAvyAnu, vAgbhaTa, pR. 19

Page #82
anibaddha - anidada kA artha hai jo nibda na ho arthAt svtntr| bhAmaha ne ite anibaTu kI saMjJA hIdI hai, kintu paravartI AcArya daNDI, Anandavardhana, agnipurApakAra tathA vizvanAtha Adi ne ite muktaka kahA hai| mAmaha vako kti tathA svabhAvokti se yukta gAthA athavA pralokamAtra ko anibaddha mAnate haiN|' daNDI ne ise (muktaka) aura itakaanya meda kulaka, koza tathA saMghAta ko bhI sargabandha ke aMza rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| itI prakAra vAmana agni ke eka paramApu kI taraha anibda racanA ko zobhAyamAna nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu Anandavardhanane muktaka ko dizeSa mahattA pradAna kI hai| unake anusAra prabandha kI taraha muktaka meM bhI rasa kA sanniveza karane vAle kavi dRSTigata hote haiN| yathA amarUka kavi ke muktaka zrRMgAra rasa ko pravAhita karane vAle prabandha kI taraha prasiddha hI haiN| unhoMne anibaTu ke muktaka, sandA nitaka, vizeSaka, kalApaka, kulaka tathA paryAyabandha ina F: medoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. kAvyAlaMkAra, 1/30 2. kAvyAdarza, 1/13 3. kAvyAlaMkArasUtra, 1/3/29 + muktakeSu prabandheSviva rasabandhAbhinivezinaH kavayo dRshynte| yathA hiamarUkasya kavermuktakAH zRMgArarasatyandinaH prabandhAyamAnAH prasdiA ev| - dhvanyAloka, 30 vRtti 5. vahI, 3/7 dRtti

Page #83
jainAcArya hemacandrAnusAra muktaka Adi anibaddha haiN|' AnaMdavardhana sammata anibaTu ke ukta cha : meda inheM bhI mAnya haiN| hemacandra ne vAkyasamApti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pratyeka kA lakSapa karate hue likhA hai ki eka chanda meM vAkya samApta hone para muktaka, do meM saMdAnitaka, tIna meM vizeSaka, cAra meM kalApaka, tathA pAMca se caudaha paryanta chandoM meM vAkya samApta hone para kulaka kahalAtA hai| apane tathA dUsare ke dvArA racita sUktiyoM kA saMgaha koza hai|' vAgbhaTa dvitIya pAMca se bAraha chandoM paryanta vAkya samApta hone para kalaka mAnate haiN| zeSa bhedoM ke lapapa hemacandrasammata haiN| dhvani ke AdhAra para kAvya-bhedaH A. Anandavardhana dvArA dhvani kI sthApanA ke pazcAta dhvani ko AdhAra mAnakara bhI kAvya-bhedoM kI gapanA hone lgii| sarvaprathama svayaM dhvanikAra ne tIna bheda kie - dhvanikAvya, gupIbhUta-vyaMgya tathA 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, 8/10 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, 8/12 vahI, 8/13 4. kAvyAnu, vAgbhaTa, pR. 16 5. yatrArtha : zabdo vA tmrthmupsrjniikRtsvaartho| __vyaMGktaH kAvyavizeSa: sa dhvaniriti taribhi: kathita : / / dhvanyAloka, 1/13 6. prakAro'nyo gupImatavyaMgya : kAvyasya dRshyte| yatra vyaMgyAnvaye vAcyacArUtvaM syAt prkrssvt|| vahI, 3/35

Page #84
citrkaavy'| unhoMne dhvani kAvya ko bheda-prabheda evaM udAharaNa-patyudAharapa ke mAdhyama te vividha rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA hai, gupIbhUta vyaMgya kAvya kA sAmAnya vivecana kiyA hai tathA citrakAvya ke do bheda kiye haiM - zabdacitra tathA arthacitra / AcArya mammaTa ne isI AdhAra para kAvya ke tIna bheda kie haiM - uttama, madhyama tathA adhamA vAcya kI apekSA vyaMgyArtha jisameM adhika camatkA rajanaka ho vaha uttama kAvya hai|' vyaMgyAya ke vaisA camatkAra janaka na hone para gummata vyaMgya nAmaka madhyamakAvya' tathA vyaMgyArtharahita zabdacitra tathA arthaki ina do bhedoM vAlA adhamakAvya hai| mammTa ke anusAra madhyamakAvya ke ATha meda haiM - agaDha, aparAMga, vAcyatidayaMga, asphuTa, saMdigdha-pradhAnya, tulya-pradhAnya, kAkvAkSipta tathA asundara / 1. pradhAnagupabhAvAbhyAM vyaMgyatyaivaM vyvsthite| kAvye ubhe tato'nyathata tccitrmbhidhiiyte|| vahI, 3/42 2. dhvanyAloka, 3/43 OM idamuttamamatizayini vyaMgye dAcyAda dhvanirbudhai :kathitaH kAvyapakAza, 1/4 4. atAdRzi gupImatavyaMgye tu mdhymm| kAvyaprakAza 1/5 5. pabdicitraM vAcyacimavyai. gyaM tvavaraM smRtm|| kAvyaprakAza 1/15 vahI, 5/45-46

Page #85
73 AcArya hemacandra ne bhI kAvyAnuzAsana ke dvitIya adhyAya meM dhvani ( vyai. gya) ke AdhAra para kAvya ke tIna bheda mAne haiM - uttama, madhyama tathA avr| unake anusAra vyai. ya kI pradhAnatA hone para uttamakAvya hotA hai|' ise vyAkhyAyita karate hue ve likhate haiM ki jaba vAcya artha se vastu-alaMkAra evaM rata rUpa vyaMgya artha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai to vaha uttama kAvya kahA jAtA hai| yathA - vAlmIka: kimutoddhato giririyatkasya spRzedAzayaM trailokyaM tapasA jitaM yadi mado doSpA kimetaavtaa| sarva sAdhvatha vA rUpatti virahakSAmasya rAmasya ceda tvadvadantAGkitavAlikavarUdhiraklinnAgrapaGgu shrm|| yahA~ para dantAGkita'ityAdi padoM se bAli dvArA parAbhava ko prApta karake usakI kA~kha me dabAye jAte hue cAra samudoM taka bhamapa usakA pratikAra na kara pAne para bhI isa prakAra kA abhimAna darpa ityAdi vastu abhivyakta ho rahI hai| ___ vyaMgya ke asatprAdhAnya, sandigdhaprAdhAnya va tulyaprAdhAnya hone se ukta nAmoM vAlA tIna prakAra kA madhyamakAvya hotA hai| - - - - - 1. vyaMgyasya prAdhAnye kAvyamuttamam kAvyAnu, 2/57 2. asatsaMdigdhatulyapradhAnye madhyama zredhA kAvyAnu, 2/58

Page #86
74 asatprAdhAnya - unake anusAra vyai. gyArya kA utkarSa na hone para atatprAdhAnya nAmaka kAvya hotA hai|' yathA - vApIrakuDaMguTTI pasauphikolAhalaM supNtiir| gharakammavAvaDAe bahae tIyaMti aNgaaii|| vAnI rakuJoDInazaMka nikolAhalaM zRNvantyAH / gRhakarmavyApRtAyA vadhvAH siidntyNgaani||2 yahA~ para 'dattasaMketa koI puruSa latAgRha meM praviSTa ho gayA' isa vyaMi. yArtha se "vadha ke aMga zithila ho rahe haiM - isa vAcyArtha kI hI atizayatA (pradhAnatA hai| isa saMdigdha pradhAnya - jahA~ para vAcyArtha athavA vyaMi gyArtha kI pradhAnatA saMdigdha hotI hai arthAt yaha nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA ki vAcyArtha pradhAna hai athavA vyaimpArtha pradhAna hai to vaha saMdigdha prAdhAnya nAmaka madhyama kAvya hotA hai| yathA - mahilAsahassamarie tuha hiyara sudaya sA amaayntii| apadiNmapaNpakammA aMga tapuyaM pi tnnuei||' - - - / tatrAsatprAdhAnyaM kvacidrAcyAdnu tkrssep| ___ kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/57 kI vRtti 2. vahI, pR. 152 3. vahI, pR. 155

Page #87
75 ( mahilA sahabhArite tava hRdaye subhaga sA amaantii| anudinamananyakAMga tanvapi tnyti||) yahA~ para "vaha nAyikA apane dhIpa aMgoM ko bhI kSIpa banA rahI hai" yaha vAcyArtha athavA 'atyadhika kRdhAtA se kahIM vaha mRtyu ko na prApta kara le, ata: durjanatA ko chor3akara usako samaya rahate manA lo' yaha vyaMilyArya pradhAna hai, isa bAta kA nizcaya na ho pAne se yaha saMdigdha prAdhAnya vyaMgya kA udAharapa mAnA gayA hai| gahu~ tulya prAdhAnya - jahA~ para vyaMigyArya evaM dAcyArya donoM kI samAna pradhAnatA hotI hai, vahA~ tulya prAdhAnya nAmaka madhyama kAvya hotA hai| yathA - bAhamApAtikamatyAgo bhavatAmeva bhtye| jAmadagnyastathA mitramanyathA durmnaayte||' yahA~ para (jUda ho jAne para)parazurAma "sabhI kSatriyoM kI bhAMti rAkSatoM kA saMhAra kara deMge isa vyaMi-mArya evaM "buddha ho jAyeMge" isa vAcyArya kI samAna pradhAnatA hai| I. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 156

Page #88
unhoMne puna: atatprAdhAnyakAvya ke cAra upabheda kie haiMkvacitvAcyAdanutkarSa, kvacitparAMgatA aura kvacidasphuTatA aura kvcidtisphutttaa|' saMdigdhaprAdhAnya va tulya prAdhAnya ke koI upabheda nahIM kiye haiM / A. hemacandra kA kAvya-vibhAjana Anandavardhana aura mammaTa ke hI samAna hai, parantu madhyamakAvya ke prabhedoM meM mammaTa tathA hemacandra meM bahuta aMtara hai| A. hemacandra ne svasammata madhyamakAvya ke tIna bhedoM kA pratipAdana karate hue mammaTa sammata 8 bhedoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| 2 $38 vyaMgya se rahita kAvya ko hemacandra ne avara kAvya kI saMjJA dI hai3 tathA prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM kI bhAMti unhoMne bhI 1. adhamakAvya avara (adhama ) kAvya ke do bheda kiye haiM - (1) zabdacitra aura ( 2 ) artha 4 citra | zabdagata tathA arthagata vaicitrya ke pRthak pRthak udAharaNa unhoMne die 2. 76 kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/57, vRtti iti trayo madhyamakAvyabhedA na tvaSTau / vahI, 2/57, vRtti 3. avyaMgya mavaram 4. ast, 2/58 zabdArthavaicitryamAtraM vyaMgya rahitaM avaraM kaavym| vahA, 2 / 58 vRtti -

Page #89
haiN| yathA - zabda - vaicitrya se yukta kAvya - "aghaughaM no nRsiMhatya ghnaaghnghndhvniH| hatAda dayurugharAghoSaH sudIrgho ghorghrghrH||' yahA~ para anupAsa zabdAlaMkAra kI pradhAnatA hone se, zabda vaicitrya mAtra se yukta hone ke kArapa yaha adhama kAvya kA udAharapa hai| arthavacitrya yukta kAvya, yathA - ye dRSTimAtrapatitA api kasya nAtra dhobhAya pakS maladRzAmalakAH khalAzca / nIcAH sadaiva savilAsamalI kalagnA ye kAlatA kuTilatAmiva na tynti|| 2 yahA~ upamA praleSAdi arthAlaMkAra kI pradhAnatA hai| A. hemacandra vyaMgya rahita kAvya ke saMdarbha meM likhate haiM ki yadyapi kAvya ke anta meM sarvatra vibhAvAdi rUpa se rasa meM hI paryavasAna hotA hai tathApi sphuTa rasa kA abhAva hone se avyaMgya avara kAvya ko kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra A. hemacandra ne pvani ko AdhAra mAnakara kAvya kA tridhA vibhAjana kAvyAnuzAsana ke dvitIya adhyAya meM hI prastuta kara diyA hai| kAvyAnuzAsana ke aSTama adhyAya meM jo kAvyabhedoM kA nirUpapa 1. 2. vahI, pR. 157 vahI, pR. 157-158 yApi sarvatra kAvye'ntato vibhAvAdirUpatayA rasaparyavasAnama, tathApi sphuTasya rasatyAnupalambhA dvyNgaatkaatymuktm| kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 158

Page #90
kiyA gayA hai usakA tAtparya prabandhAtmaka kAvya-bhedoM se hai / / A. narendraprabhasUri ne bhI mamsTa sammata uttama, madhyama tathA adhama ye tIna kAvya-bheda hI kiye haiN| 2 sAtha hI inhoMne madhyama kAvya ke, A. mammaTa dvArA svIkRta ATha upabhedoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| 3 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki Anandavardhana ne kAvya ke jina tIna bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, unheM paravartI AcArya viznAtha tathA paNDita rAja jagannAtha ko chor3akara prAyaH anya sabhI AcAryoM ne samAna rUpa se mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| I. 2. vAcyavAcakayoranyad vicitratvaM tirodadhat / vyaMjakatvaM sphure yatratat kAvyaM dhvaniruttamam / / alaMkAramahodadhi 1/15 3. 4. atha prabandhAtmakakAvyabhedAnAha... ...I vahI, pR. 432 5. tayoryatrAnyavaikiyAda vyaMjakatvasya gauSatA / tanmadhyamaM guNIbhUtavyaMgyaM kAvyaM nigadyate / / vahI, 1/16 yatra vyaMjanavaicitryacArimA ko'pinekSyate / kAvyAdhvani sadA'dhvanyaistat kAvyamavaraM smRtm|| vahI, 1/17 agUDhatvAsphuTatvAbhyAmasundaratayA tathA / tidvayaMgatvena vAcyasya kAkvAkSiptatayA'pi ca / / saMdigdhatulyaprAdhAnyatayA'nyAgatathA'pi c| guNIbhUtamapivyaMgyaM yat kiMciccArimAtpadam || alaMkAramahodadhi 4/1-2 A. vizvanAtha ne kAvya ke do cheda mAne kAvyaM dhvanirguNIbhUtatyaMgyaM veti dvidhAmatam / sAhityadarpaNa, 4/1 paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne kAvya ke 4 bheda mAne haiMtaccottamottamottamamadhyamAdhamabhedAccaturdhA | - CEOgara 78 77.21 -

Page #91
79 jainAcAryo ke anatAra dhvani-bheda vivecana alaMkArazAstra ke prAraMbhika kAla meM dhvani - siddhAnta ko mAnyatA prApta nahIM thii| in : usakI pratiSThA AcArya AnaMdavardhana ne kI! punaH ||viiN zatA. I. meM A. mahimabhaTTa ne dhvani-siddhAnta ko anumAna ke antargata svIkAra kiyA tathA dhvani kA sayuktika khaNDana kiyaa| kintu pararartI AcArya mammaTa va hemacandra ne mahimabhaTTa ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana karate hue dhvani-ddhiAnta kI punaH pratiSThA kI, jisate dhvani tiddhAnta ko sarvAdhika pratiSThA prApta huii| jainAgarya hemacandra ne dhvani kA lakSaNa karate hue likhA ki mukhya Adi (Adi pada se gauSa aura lakSyArtha) ke atirikta pratIyamAna vyaMgyA dhvani hai|' ni zabda kA prAraMbha se hI -1) sAmAnyata : vyaMgya artha ko samjhAne ke liye evaM (2) kAvya vizeSa ko samAne ke liye - ina do artho meM vyavahAra hotA rahA hai| jainAcAryoM ne prathama artha ko hI dhyAna meM rakhakara vivecana kiyA hai jabaki Anandavardhana ne dvitIya artha ko dhyAna meM rakhakara dhvani-svarUpa nirUpapa kiyA hai| 1. mukhyAtiriktaH pratIyabhAno vyaMgyo dhvniH| kAyAnuzAsana, 1/19

Page #92
80 AnaMdavardhanane tarvaprathama dhvani ke tIna bhedoM - vastudhdani, alaMkAra dhvani va rasadhvani ko svIkAra kiyA hai| prathama do bheda saMlakSyakramavyaMgya haiM aura aMtima bheda asaMla ykrmvyNgy| jainAcArya hemacandra' va A. narendraprabhatari2 ne bhI sarvaprathama dhvani ke vastu, alaMkAra va rasadhvani nagamaka ukta tIna bhedoM ko svIkAra diyA hai| A. hemacandra ne vastu: vani ke teraha bhedoM ko sodAharapa prastuta kiyA hai tathA paha sTi kiyA hai ki pratIyamAnArtha vAcyArya te bhinna va vividha prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| unake anusAra kahIM vAcyArtha vidhirUpa hotA hai va pratIyamAnArtha nissedhp| yayA - bhama dhammiya dIsatyo so supo bhajja mArio tenn| golApar3a kara kuDaMgavAtipA dariyasIhepa / / kahIM vAcyArtha niSedhaparaka hotA hai va pratIyamAnArtha vidhiruup| yathA - atthA etya tu majjaI etya ahaM diyasayaM puloesu| mA pahiya rattidhya tejAra maI na mjjihaati|| 1. ayaM ca vastvalArasA dibhedaattredhaa| kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 47 2. yadhapyanekadhA vyaMgyaM vyaMja kA didibhedtH| tathApi vastvalaMkAra-rasAtmatvAta vidhaittt|| ___ alaMkA ramahodadhi, 3/6 3. kAvyAnu. pR. 47 4. vahI, pa. 53

Page #93
vidhyantara rUpa / yathA - kahI mukhyArtha vidhiparaka hotA hai aura pratIyamAnArtha niSedhAntara rUpa / yathA bahalatamAhayarAI ajja pauttho paI gharaM sunnaM / taha jaggijja sayajjhaya na jahA amhe musijjAmo / / ' 1. kahIM vAcyArtha niSedha rUpa hotA hai aura pratIyamAnArtha 3. F vidhi kI pratIti hotI hai, yathA AtAiyaM ApAepa jettiyaM tettiyaNa baMdhadihiM / 2 orama vasaha iNDiM rakkhijjaI gahavaIcchitaM / / hotI hai| yathA - kahIM vAcyArtha na vidhirUpa hai aura na niSedha rUpa, phira bhI mahue hiM kiMva paMthiyajaI harati niyaMtaNaM niyaMbAo / sAhemi kassa ranne gAmo dUre ahaM ekkA 113 vahI, pR. 53 2. vahI. pR. 54 - kahIM vidhi va niSedha ke na hone para bhI niSedha kI pratIti - jIvitAzA balavatI dhanAzA durbalA mm| gaccha vA tiSThavA kAnta svAvasthA tu niveditA / / 4 81 kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 54 vahI, pra. 54

Page #94
hotI hai| yathA kahIM vidhi va niSedha ke rahane para bhI vidhyantara kI pratIti hotI hai niyadaiyasapuktti pahiya anneSa vaccatu pahepa gavavadhUA dullaMghavAurA iha hayaggAme / / ' hotI hai| yathA - kahIM vidhi va niSedha te niSedhAntara kI pratIti - uccita paDiyakusumaM mA dhupa tehAliyaM haliyatu / esa avatApabiraso saseNa subha valayasadvado / / 112 - kahIM vAcyArtha vidhi rUpa hone para bhI anubhayarUpa pratIta yathA - saSiyaM vacca kisoyari para payanteSa Thavasu mahivaTThe / bhajjihiti vatthayatthapi vihiSA dukkheNa nimmaviyA / 3 82 1. vahI, pR. 55 2. vahI, pR. 55 3. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 55

Page #95
83 kahIM vAcyArya niSedharUpa hone para bhI pratIyamAnArtha anabhayarUpa hotA hai| de A patima niantata muhasaslioNhAviluttatamo nivhe| ahisAriApa vigrSa kareti aNpApavi yaase||' kahIM vAcyArya ke kiva niSedha rUpa hone para bhI pratIyamAnArtha anabhayarUpa hotA hai| yathA - vacca mahaM cijha ekkAe hoMtu nosaasroiavvaaii| mA tujha vi tIra vipA dakmiNpayassa jaaytu||2 kahIM vAcyArtha ke na vidhi aura na niSedha rUpa hone para bhI pratIyamAnArtha anubhayarUpa hotA hai| yathA - pamuhapatA hiaMgo nidAghummaMtaloapo na thaa| jaha nivvapAharo tAmalaMga me si maha TiayaM / / / kahIM vAcyArtha te pratIyamAnArtha vibhinna viSaya vAlA bhI ho sakatA hai, yathA - kassa va na hoi roso daLUpa pijhAi savvapaM are| sabhamarapaumagyAiri vAriavAme sahata innddiN|| 1. vahI, pR. 55 2. vahI, pR. 56 vahI, pR. 56 + kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 57

Page #96
84 isa prakAra hemacandrAcArya ne vAcya te bhinna svarUpa vAlI vastudhvani ke teraha udAharaNoM ko prastuta kara dhvani kA prabala samarthana kiyA hai / alaMkAra mahodadhikAra narendraprabhasari ne bhI dhvani kI siddhi ke liye vidhi se niSedha, niSedha te vidhi, vidhi se vidhyantara, niSedha se niSedhAntara, vidhi se anubhaya, niSedha te anubhaya, saMzaya se nizcaya, nindA se stuti aura vAcya te vibhinna viSaya rUpa aneka bhedoM kA sodAharaNa vivecana kiyA hai, jinameM adhikAMzata: hemacandra sammata haiN| saMlakSya kramavyaMgya : saMlakSyakramavyaMgya ke sAmAnyataH tIna bheda mAne jAte haiM-zabdazaktimUlaka vyaMgya, arthazaktimUlaka vyaMgya tathA ubhayazaktimUlaka vyaMgya | para AcArya hemacandra ubhayazaktimUlaka vyaMgya ko zabdazaktimUlaka vyaMgya te pRthak nahIM mAnate haiM kyoMki vahAM para pradhAnarUpeNa zabda kI hI vyaMjanA hotI hai| 2 A. narendraprabhari 3 ne ukta tInoM hI bheda svIkAra kiye haiN| zabdazaktimUlakavyaMgya : A. hemacandra ke anusAra anekArthaka mukhya zabda kA saMsargAdi niyAmakoM dvArA abhidhA rUpa vyApAra ke niyaMtrita ho jAne para 1. alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 116-118 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, pu, 57 3. alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 116-118

Page #97
85 mukhya zabda vantu va alaMkAra kA vyaMjaka hotA hai, ata: zabdazaktimalaka vyaMgya mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra amukhya arthAta gaupa aura lAkSaNika kA mukhyArtha bAdhA Adi ke dvArA lakSaNArUpa vyApAra ke niyaMtrita ho jAne para amukhya zabda vastu kA vyaMjaka hotA hai, ata : vahAM bhI zabdazaktimAlaka vyaMgya hotA hai| ye donoM pada aura vAkya ke bheda te do-do prakAra ke hote haiN|' saMsargAdi kA jJAna karAne hetu hemacandra ne bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya te do kArikAeM uddhata kI hai -- saMsargo viprayogazca sAyaM virodhitaa| artha: prakarapaM liMga zabdatyAnyasya snnidhiH|| sAmarthyamau citI dezaH kAlo vyakti : svraadyH| zabdArthatyAnavacchede vishessmtihetvH||2 saMsarga : yathA - "vanamidamabhaya midAnIM yatrAste lakSmapAnvito rAmaH" yahA~ lakSmaNa ke yoga se dazarathi rAma va lakSmaNa kA jJAna ho rahA hai| vipayoga : yathA - "binA sItAM rAmaH pravizati mahAmohataraNim" yahA~ sItA ke viyoga se dazarathi rAma kA jJAna ho rahA hai| - - - - - - - - 1. kAvyAnuzAsana 1/23 2. vahI, 1/23 vRtti| vAkyapadIya 2/315-16 3 kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 64

Page #98
sAhacarya budha aura bhauma ke paraspara sAhacarya se hai / / virodha yathA 1 yathA 2. "rAmArjunavyatikara: sAmprataM vartate tayo: " yahAM paraspara virodha se bhArgava va kArtavIrya kA jJAna ho rahA hai| 2 3. - artha - ( prayojana ) - yathA prayojana se azva kA jJAna ho rahA hai| 3 - 5. yathA * budho bhaumazca tastho ccairanukUlatvamAgato" yahA~ vizeSa kA jJAna ho rahA - - pakarapa "asmAdbhAgyaviparyayAdyadi punardevo na jAnAti tam" yahA~ prakaraNa te anekArthaka deva zabda yuSmad (Apa) artha meM niyaMtrita hai| prakaraNa zabda rahita hotA hai aura artha (prayojana) zabdavAn, yahI ina donoM meM antara hai| 4 1. vahI, pR.64 vahI, pR. 64 vahI, pR. 64 4. vahI, pR. 64 vahI, pa. 64 graha - 86 - liMga (cihna) - yathA - "kodaNDaM yasya gANDIvaM spardheta kastamarjunam" yahAM gAMDIva isa liMga (cihna) se arjuna kA jJAna ho rahA hai| 5 "saindhavamAnaya, mRgayAM cariSyAmi yahAM

Page #99
zabdAntarasannidhi - " kiM sAkSAdupadezayaSTi rathavA devasya zrRMgAriNaH " yahAM zRMgArI isa zabdAntara ke saMnidhAna te deva kA artha kAmadeva hai| sAmarthya yathA - * kvapati madhunA mattazcetoharaH priya kokila : " yahA~ sAmarthya te madhu kA artha vasanta pratIta ho rahA hai| 2 "tandhyA yatsuratAntakAntanayanaM vaktraM rati vyatyaye / aucitya - yathA tattvA pAtu cirAya.... yahA~ aucitya ke kAraNa pAlana prasannatArUpI anukUlatA artha meM niyaMtrita hai| 3 ANM fi dezA yathA se rAjA kA bodha ho rahA hai| 4 kAla - yathA ho rahA hai| 5 1. - 2. - 3. 5. 6. - yathA - - vyakti yathA - yahA~ vyakti vizeSa te mitra zabda suhat artha meM niyaMtrita hai / ' 87 " mahezvarasyAsya kApi kAnti" yahA~ rAjadhAnI rUpa deza "citrabhAnurvibhAtyahni" yahAM kAla vizeSa se sUrya kA jJAna " mitraM hantitarAM tamaH parikaraM dhanye dRzau mAdRzAm * kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 64 kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 64 kAvyAnuzAsana, pU. 63 kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 63 kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 63 vahI, pu. 65

Page #100
88 udAtta Adi svara te artha vizeSa kA jJAna kAvya meM anupayogI hai|' parantu kAku rUpI svara apanA pRthak mahatva rakhatA hai| jete - madhnAmi kauravazataM samare na kopAt" yahA~ kAku rUpa svara te artha vizeSa kA jJAna hotA hai| Adi pada se abhinaya, apadeza. nirdezA. saMjJA. iMgita aura AkAra ko gahapa kiyA gayA hai|2 abhinaya - yathA - "itane bar3e stanoM vAlI, itane bar3e netroM te, mAtra itane dino meM, isa prakAra ho gii| apadeza - yathA - yahA~ se sampatti ko prApta kiyA huA vaha rAkSasa yahA~ hI vinaSTa hone yogya nahIM hai| viSA:- vRkSa kA bhI pAlana-poSapa kara use apane dvArA hI kATanA ucita nahIM hai|* nirdeza - yathA - "rAjakumArIjI / bhAgya se hama loga ThIka hai ki yahA~ para hI koI kisI kA rahA hai, yaha hamako aMgulI ke saMketa se kaha rahe haiN| 1. vahI, pR. 65 2. vahI, pR. 65 vahI, pR. 65 + vahI, pR. 65 5. vahI, pR. 65

Page #101
89 saMjJA - yathA - "jaba zivajI vArtAlApa ke prasaMga meM (pArvatI jI se) idhara-udhara kI bAtoM kA uttara mAMgate to pArvatI jI dRSTi ghumAkara tathA sira hilA kara uttara detI thiiN|' iMgita - yathA - "hama logoM kA milana kaba hogA isa prakAra janAkI ke kArapa kahane meM asamartha nAyaka ko jAnakara nAyikA ne krIDAkamala ko sikor3a diyaa| AkAra - yathA - apane uSNa niHpravAsa pUrvaka jo nivedana diyA hai, usane merA mana saMzaya ko hI prApta ho rahA hai, kyoM ki tumhAre yogya hI koI vyakti dikhAI nahIM detA hai, punaH jite tuma cAhatI ho vaha tumhe alabhya kaise hogaa| isa prakAra saMtargAdi se niyaMtrita abhidhA meM jo arthAntara pratIti hotI hai, vaha vyaMjanA - vyApAra se hI hotI hai| amukhya zabda meM bhI mukhyArya - bAdha Adi ke niyaMtrita ho jAne para prayojana kA bodha vyaJjanA vyApAra se hI hotA hai| 1. vahI, pR. 66 2. vahI, pR. 66 3 vahI, pR. 66

Page #102
90 A. narendraprabhatari ne bhI bhartRhari kI 'saMto viprayogazca ...? ityAdi ukta kArikAoM ko uddhRta kara ke saMtargAdi ke udAharapa die hemacandrAcArya ne zabdazaktimalakavyaMgya ke sarvaprathama tIna bheda kie hai - mukhya, gaupa va lkssk| punaH mukhyazabdazaktimalakavyaMgya ke vastudhvani va alaMkAradhdani - ye do bheda kara donoM ke pRthak-pRthak padagata va vAkyagata udAharaNa prastuta kie haiN| zeSa do gopazAbdazAktimalakavyaMgya aura lakSakazabdazAktimalakavyaMgya bhedoM ke prabheda vastudhvani ke padagata va vAkyagata udAharapa prastuta kie haiN| A. narendraprabhatari ne zabdazaktimalakavyaMgya ke sarvaprathama do bheda kie haiM -- vastudhvani va alNkaardhvni| punaH donoM meM arthAntarasaMkramita vAcya va atyantatiraskRtavAcya - ye do - do bheda kie haiN| ye nAroM pada va vAkyagata bhI hote haiN| arthazaktimUlakavyaMgya - A. hemacandra ne vaktA Adi ke vaiziSTya se artha kI bhI vyaMjaktA svIkAra kI tathA vaktA, pratipAdha, kAku,vAkya, vAcya, anyAsakti, prastAva, deza, kAla, va ceSTA ke vaiziSTaya se dhvanita hone vAle artha kI mukhya, amukhya va vyaMgya rUpI arya kI vyaMjakatA / . draSTavya, alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/33-34 savRtti 2. vaktrA divaiziSTyAdarthasyApi vynyjktvm| kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/29

Page #103
91 kA todAharaNa varSana kiyA hai|' isI prakAra vaktA Adi do (yA adhika) ke yoga se bhI vyaMjaktA svIkAra kI hai| narendraprabhAri ne hemacandra ke samAna hI vaktA va boddhA Adi ke vaiziSTya te artha kI vyaMjakatA ko svIkAra karate hue sodAharapa pratipAdana kiyA hai tathA vaktAdi do (yA adhika) ke yoga se bhI artha kI vyaMja katA svIkAra kI hai| hemacandra ne arthazaktimalakavyaMgya ke sarvaprathama do bheda kie haiM -- vastu aura alNkaar| punaH vastu ke vastu se vastu aura vastu se alaMkAra tathA alaMkAra ke alaMkAra se vastu aura alaMkAra se alaMkAra nAmaka do - do bheda kie haiN| unake anusAra ye cAroM bheda pada, vAkya va prabandhagata bhI hote haiN| A. hemacandra ne arthazaktimUlakavyaMgya ke svata: saMbhavI, kavipraudo ktimAtra niSpanna aura kavinibaddhavaktapaudoktimAtra niSpanna - ina tInoM bhedoM kA kathana ucita nahIM mAnA hai, kyoMki prauDhoktiniSpannamAtra se hI 1. vahI, 1/21, vRtti , pR. 58-63 2. vahI, pR. 62 . 3. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/7-8 vRtti| 5. vahI, pR. 52 5. kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/24 savRtti

Page #104
92 sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| proTokti ke atirikta svata: saMbhavI arthahIna hai aura kaviproTokti hI kavinibaddhavaktapauDhokti hai, ata: unheM adhika prapaMca abhISTa nahIM hai|' A. narendraprabhasari ne arthazaktimalakavyaMgya ke sarvaprathama svataH siddha aura kavi prauDhoktisiddha - ye do bheda kie haiN| punaH pratyeka ke vastu va alaMkAra - ye doro bheda kie haiN| tatpazcAta vastu ke vastu te vastu aura alaMkAra - ye tathA alaMkAra ke alaMkAra se vastu aura alaMkAra se alaMkAra nAmaka do - do bheda kie haiN| unake anusAra ye AThoM bheda pada, vAkya aura prabandha meM samAnarUpa te pAye jAte haiN| ubhayazaktimUlaka vyaMgya - hemacandrAcArya ne ise zabdazaktimUlakavyaMgya hI mAnA hai| A. narendraprabhatari ne ubhayazaktimalakavyaMgya kA vAkyagata eka hI bheda mAnA hai| asaMlakSyakamavyaMgya - jisa vyaMgya ke krama kI pratIti na ho vaha asaMlakSyakrama vyaMgya kahalAtA hai| arthAta asaMlakSyakramavyaMgya meM vAcyArtha se vyaMgyartha ke madhya meM hone vAle samaya kA jJAna nahI hotA hai| isameM ratA di hI vyaMgya hote haiM, ataH ise rasadhvani ke nAma se bhI sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| / . vahI, 1/24 vRtti , pR. 72-74 2. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/59-60 - vahI, 3/16 + vAkya evobhayotthaH syAt ... / vahIM, 3/16

Page #105
vastuta: rasa kI niSpatti meM vibhAvAdi ke krama kI pratIti jhaTiti (zIghratA se ) hone ke kAraNa usake krama kA bodha nahIM ho pAtA hai / ata: ise asaMlakSyakramavyaMgya kahA gayA hai| isako spaSTa rUpa te samajhane ke lie kAvyazAstriyoM ne utpalaprati patra bhedanyAya kA sahArA liyA hai| arthAta jisa prakAra sau kamala patroM ke samUha meM eka sAtha suI cubhAne te kamalapatroM kA kramapa hI bheda hotA hai, kintu zIghratA ke kAraNa pUrvApara kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| usI prakAra asaMlakSyakramavyaMgya meM krama ke hone para bhI bheda kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| asaMlakSyakramavyaMgya ke rasabhAvAdi ke bheda hai ananta bheda saMbhava hai, kintu AcAryoM ne agaNanIya hone se prAyaH eka hI bheda mAnA hai| / ita sambandha meM hemacandrAcArya kA yaha kathana hai ki rasa, bhAva, rasAbhAsa, bhAvAbhAsa, bhAvazAnti, bhAvodaya, bhAva sthiti, bhAvasandhi, bhAvazabalatA 1. kAvyaprakAza, pR, 162 93 alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 103-104 -

Page #106
94 Adi arthazaktimalakavyaMgya haiN|' isa prakAra unhoMne ratAdi ko arthazaktimalavyaMgya hI mAnA hai| 'ratAdizca ipta sUtra meM vakAra kA grahaNa pada, vAkya va prabandha meM samAveza ke lie kiyA gayA hai| rasAdi sadA vyaMgya hI hote haiM, ve kabhI bhI vAcya nahIM hote haiM, isaliye ratA di kI pradhAnatA batAne hetu pRthak sUtra kahA gayA hai| kyoMki vastu va alaMkAra to vAcya bhI hote haiN| 2 ___ isa prakAra hemacandrAcArya ne saMkSepa me zabdazaktimalakavyaMgya ke 8 bheda aura arthazaktimUlakavyaMgya ke 15 bhedoM ko milAkara dhvani ke kula 23 bheda kahe haiN| A. narendraprabhatari ne rasAdi asaMlakSyakamavyaMgya kA agaNanIya eka hI bheda mAnA hai|' punaH yaha pada, vAkya, prabandha, padAnta, racanA va varga ke bheda se cha: prakAra hotA hai| 1. rasabhAvatadAbhAsabhAvazAnti bhAvodayamAvasthitibhAvasandhimAvazabalatvAni arthazaktimalA ni vyNgyaani| kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/25 2. kAvyAnu. 1/25 3 ekaiva hi rasAdInAmagaNyatvAda bhidhA bhvet| alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/16 . + vahI, 3/62-63

Page #107
vastu | pada vAkya A. hemacandrakRt dhvanivibhAjana ke spaSTIkaraNa hetu nimna tAlikA draSTavya hai mukhya zabdazakti malaka gaupa alaMkAra | pada | pada vAkya vAkya + lakSaka vyaMgya (dhvani) | pada 2 vAkya vastu vastu vastu se alaMkAra puna: pratyeka ke pada vAkya va prabandhagata zabdazakti malakavyaMgya ke 8 bheda arthazaktimUlakavyaMgya 15 bheda vastu 6 + alaMkAra cha + rasa 3 = 15 23 kula dhvani bheda arthazakti malaka alaMkAra | alaMkAra se vastu 2 alaMkAra se alaMkAra punaH pratyeka ke pada, vAkya va prabandhagata 95 rasa | pada, vAkya aura prabandhagata

Page #108
isI prakAra AcArya narendraprabhasari ke anusAra aba taka zabdazaktimUlakavyaMgya ke 8 bheda, arthazaktimUlakavyaMgya ke 24 bheda aura ubhayazakti malakavyaMgya kA eka bheda milAkara saMlakSyakramavyaMgya ke kula 33 bheda hue tathA asaMlakSyakramavyaMgya ke chaH bheda milAne para 39 bheda / ina 39 bhedoM kI 39 ke sAtha saMsRSTi hokara 1521 bheda hote haiN| punaH tIna prakAra kA saMkara hokara 4563 bheda hote haiN| isa prakAra 1521 saMsRSTi ke aura 4563 saMkara ke milAne para 6084 mizrita bheda hue / inake 39 zabda bheda milA dene para dhvani ke kula 6123 bheda hote haiN| ' 1. saMsRSTe rekarUpAyAstrirUpAta saGkarAdapi / siddha bhinmIlanAcca syustA vizvArka rasormitAH / / - vahI, 3/64 96

Page #109
97 isake spaSTIkarapa hetu nimna tAlikA draSTavya hai -- dhvani saMlakSyakramavyaMgya asaMlakSyakamavyaMgya (pada,vAkya, prabandha, padAnta, racanA va varSa ke bheda te 6 bheda ) zabdazaktimala arthazaktimala ubhayazaktimala (vAkya meM kevala eka bheda - - - - alakAra kAntavAcya |arthaantrsNkraantvaacy svata:di kaviproToktisida raskRtavAcya atyantatiraskRtavAcya pada aura vAkya donoM meM (4 x 2 = 8 bheda) alaMkAra vasta / vastu se vastu / alaMkAra se alaMkAra 2 vastu se alaMkAra 2 alaMkAra se vastu alaMkAra / vastu se vastu / alaMkAra se alaMkAra 2 alaMkAra se alaMkAra 2 alaMkAra se vastu pratyeka ke pada, vAkya aura prabandhagata bhI (8x3 = 24 bheda) saMlakSyakramavyaMgya bheda - 33 asaMlakSyakramavyaMgyabheda - 6 + 9 bheda saMsRSTi 39 ke sAtha 39 kI, 39 x 39 - 1521 saMkara tIna prakAra kA, 1521 x 3 = 4563 6084 mizrita bheda + 39 zudabheda

Page #110
98 kAvya - hetu kavi kI vilakSapa kRti isa kAvya kA udabhava kaise hotA hai? kavi ke vyaktitva meM kauna sI vizeSa bAta hotI hai jisapta sahadayoM ko AhalAdita karane vAle kAvya kA spharapa ho jAtA hai| isa prazna kA bhAratIya kAvyAcAryoM ne atyanta vaijJAnika vivecana kiyA hai tathA kAvyanirmApa ke kAraNoM para vicAra karate hue alaMkArikoM ne paraspara virodhI mata vyakta kie haiM tathA unameM mataikya nahIM dRSTigata hotaa| saMbaddha viSaya kI do prakAra kI vicAra paddhatiyA~ pradarzita hotI haiN| eka mata ke anusAra kAvya kA kArapa eka mAtra pratimA hotI aura vyutpati tathA abhyAsa usake saMskAraka tatva hote haiM, para anya mata isa vicAra kA poSaka hai ki pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa tInoM samaSTirUpa se hI kAvya-nirmApa ke hetu haiN| sarvaprathama A. bhAmaha ne kAvya - hetuoM para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai ki gurU ke upadeza te marya loga bhI zAstroM kA adhyayana karane meM samartha ho sakate haiM para kAvya to kisI pratibhAzAlI vyakti meM yadAkadA sphurita / hotA hai| kAvya - sarjanA hetu vyAkarapa, chanda, kozA, artha, itihAsAzrita kathA, lokajJAna, tarkazAstra tathA kalAoM kA kAvya-sarjanA hetu manana karanA caahie| pabdi aura artha kA vizeSa rUpa se jJAna karake kAvya-prapetAoM kI upAsanA tathA anya kaviyoM kI racanAoM ko dekhakara kAvya - sarjanA meM

Page #111
99 pravRtta honA caahie|' yahA~ bhAmahAgarya ne kAvyahetu ke tInoM sAdhanoM - pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa kA nirUpapa kiyA hai| unhoMne vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa kI apekSA pratibhA para adhika bala diyA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki ve pratibhA ko anivArya va pramukha hetu mAnate haiN| A. daNDI svAbhAvika pratibhA, atyanta nirmala vidyAdhyayana evaM usakI bahu - yojanA ko hI kAvya hetu mAnate haiN| unhone bhAmaha kI gurUpadezAdadhyetuM zAstraM jaDadhiyo' pylm| kAvyaM tu jAyate jAtu kathaMcit prtibhaavtaam|| zabdAchando'bhidhAnArthA itihAtAzrayAH kthaaH| loko yuktiH kalApaceti mantavyA kaavygmii| zabdA bhidheye vijJAya kRtvA tdvipaasnaam| vilokyAnya nibandhAzca kArya : kaavykiyaadrH|| - kAvyAlaMkAra, 1/15, 9-10 2. naisargikI ca pratibhA zrutaM ca bhunirmlm| amandAcA bhiyogo'tyAH kArapaM kaavysmpdH|| - kAvyAdarza, 1/103

Page #112
100 bhAMti pratibhA para adhika bala na dekara tInoM kA samAna rUpa se mahatva svIkAra kiyA hai| isake ThIka Age vaha likhe haiM ki yadi vaha adabhuta pratibhA na bhI ho to bhI zAstrAdhyayana vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa se dANI apanA durlabha anugaha pradAna karatI hai| kavitva zakti ke kRza hone para bhI parizramI vyakti vidvAnoM kI goSThI meM vijaya prApta karatA vAmana ne kAvyahetuoM ke liye kAvyAMga praoNbda kA prayoga kiyA hai| inake anusAra kAvya ke tIna hetu haiM - loka, vidyA tathA prkiip|2 yahA~ loka se tAtparya loka-vyavahAra se hai| vidyA ke antargata zabdazAstra, chandaHzAstra, koza, daNDanIti Adi vidyAeM AtI haiN| prakIrpa ke aMtargata lakSya jJAna, abhiyoga, vRddhatevA, avekSapa, pratibhAna tathA avadhAna Ate haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki vAmana ne pratibhA ko kavitva kA bIja mAnA hai, jisake binA kAvya-racanA saMbhava nahIM hai aura yadi saMbhava bhI 1. na vidyate yadyapi pUrvavAsanAgapAnubandhi prtibhaanmdbhutm| atena yatnena ca vAgupAsitA dhuvaMkarotyeva kmpynugrhm|| kRSakavitve'pi janAH kRtazramA vidagdhagoSThISu vihrtumiishte|| vahI, 1/104-105 2. loko vidyA prakIpaM ca kAvyAMgAni - kAvyAlaMkArasUtravRtti / /3/1

Page #113
101 hai to upahAsAspada ho jAtI hai| parantu unhoMne use vAMchita gaurava nahIM diyA tathA pratibhA kA ullekha kAvya ke tRtIya aMga prakIrpa ke antargata kiyA hai| A. Anandavardhana ne pratibhA kA mahatva svIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki usa AsvAdapUrva arthatatva ko prakAzita karane vAlI mahAkaviyoM kI vApI alaukika sphurapazIla pratibhA ke vaiziSTya ko prakTa karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM unhoMne avyuta pattijanya doSa ko pratibhA ke dvArA AcchAdita honA bhI svIkAra kiyA hai arthAta Anandavardhana pratibhA ke prabala samarthaka haiN| locanakAra ne pratibhA kI vyAkhyA karate hue liyA hai ki apUrva vastu ke nirmApa meM samartha prajJA ko pratimA kahate haiN|' 1. sarasvatI svAda tadarthavastuniSyandamAnA mahatAM kviinaam| alokatAmAnyamabhivyanakti pratisphurantaM pratibhA vishessm|| - dhvanyAloka, 1/6 2. avyutpattikRto doSaH zaktyA saMviyate kveH| yastvazaktikRtastasya sa jhttityvbhaaste|| - dhvanyAloka, 1/6 3 apUrvavastu nirmANamA prajJA (pratibhA) - vahI, locana, pR. 171

Page #114
102 rAjazekhara pratibhA tathA vyutpatti dAnoM ko kAvya kA preyaskara hetu mAnate haiN|' A. mammTa ne prAktana paraMparApravAha kA samAveza karate hue kAvya-kArapa prasaMga meM likhA hai ki zakti, loka(vyavahAra)zAstra tathA kAvya Adi ke paryAlocana se utpanna nipupatA tathA kAvya (kI racanAzailI tathA AlocanA paddhati) ko jAnane vAle guru kI zikSAnusAra (kAvya - nirmApa)abhyAsa (ye tInoM) milakara samaSTi rUpa se uta ( kAvya) ke vikAsa (udbhava) ke hetu haiN|2 mammaTa ne apane ina kAvyahetuoM me hetu : isa ekavacana kA prayoga kiyA hai, jisakA tAtparya yaha hai ki pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa - ye tInoM milakara kAvyodabhava meM hetu hai, pRthak - pRthak nhiiN|' --- - 1. pratibhAvyutpatI mithaH samavete zreyasyo iti yAyAvarIyaH, - kAvyamImAMsA, a. pR. 3 / 2. zaktirnipupatA lokshaastrkaavyaaghveksspaat| __kAvyajJa zikSayAbhyAsa iti hetustdbhve|| - kAvyaprakAza, 1/3 3. iti trayaH samaditAH, na tu vyastAH, tatya kAvyasyodabhave niSi samullAte ca heturna tu hetvH| - kAvyaprakAza, 1/3/ vRtti

Page #115
103 jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne pratibhA ko hI kAvya kA hetu svIkAra kiyA hai tathA zeSa vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa ko kramazaH vizeSa zobhAjanaka tathA zIghra kAvya nirmApa meM sahAyaka kahA hai|' punaH tInoM kA svarUpa nirUpita karate likhA hai ki - prasAdAdi guNoM vAle ramapIya padoM se, nadIna va camatkArapUrNa artha kI udabhAvanA karane meM samartha tathA sphurapazIlA, satkavi kI sarvatomukhI buddhi kA nAma pratibhA hai| 2 gurUparamparA se prApta zabdazAstra, zruti - smRti - purApA di dharmazAstra tathA vAtsyApana - praNIta kAmasUtrAdi jo aneka zAstra haiM unameM paramparA se pravRtta rahane vAlI atAdhAraNa pratipatti hI vyutpatti kahI gayI haiN| 3 1. pratibhAkA rapaM tatya vyutpattistu vibhUSaNam / bhRzotpattikRdabhyAsa ityaadhkvitngkyaa|| vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 1/3 2. prasannapadanavyArthayuktyudodhavidhA yinii| sphurantI satkaverbuddhiH pratibhA srvtomukhii| vahI, 1/4 3. zabdadharmArthakAmA dishaastressvaanaaypuurvikaa| pratipatti rasAmAnyA vyutpttirbhidhiiyte|| vahI, 1/5

Page #116
tathA yogya guru ke caraNoM meM baiThakara nirantara abAdha gati se kAvyaracanA hetu jo parizrama kiyA jAtA hai ute "abhyAsa" kahate haiN| ' isameM abhyAsa ke prakAroM meM batalAyA gayA hai kAvya racanA hetu sarvaprathama ramaNIya sandarbha kA nirmANa karate hue arthazUnya padAvalI ke dvArA samasta chandoM ko vaza meM kara lenA caahie| 2 Age ve kahate haiM ki yadyapi prAraMbhika abhyAsa te kAvya meM nUtana arthoM kI udbhAvanA nahIM ho sakatI kintu pratidina ke vAgvyavahAra meM artha tatvoM ke saMgraha kA abhyAsa karanA kAvya - racanA karane vAloM ke liye Avazyaka hai / 3 1. 2. anArataM gurUpAnte yaH kAvye racanAdaraH / tamabhyAsaM vidustasya kramaH ko'pyapudizyate / / - * vahI, 1/6 vibhatyA bandhacArutvaM padAvalyArthazUnyayA vazIkurvIta kAvyAya chadAMti nimityapi / / vahI, 1/7 3. anullasantyAM navyArthayuktAvabhinavatvata: / arthasaG* lanAtattvamabhyasyetsaGkathAsvapi / / ka - vahI 1/10 - 104 -

Page #117
105 kAvyAnuzAsanakAra AcArya hemacandra ke kAvya - hetu tambandhI vicAra apane pUrvavartI AcAryo - rAjazekhara, Anandavardhana aura mammTAdi se prabhAvita haiN| prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne kAvya ke tIna hetu - pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa mAne haiM jisameM kisI ne pratibhA ko pradhAnatA dI hai to kisI ne vyutpatti aura abhyAsa ko| AcArya hemayandra ne pradhAnarUpa se pratibhA ko hI kAvya kA hetu svIkAra kiyA hai tathA vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa ko pratimA kA saMskAraka mAnA hai| pratibhA do prakAra kI hotI hai --- (1) sahajA (janmajAtA), aura (2 ) aupAdhikI ( kArapajanya ) / inameM sAvaraNa dhayopazama mAtra se hone vAlI sahajA kahalAtI hai| isI ko spaSTa karate kAvyAnuzAsanakAra kahate haiM - AtmA sUrya ke 1. pratibhAtya hetuH / - kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/4 2. vyutpattyabhyAtAbhyAM sNskaaryaa| vahI, 1/7 3 sA ca sahajaupAdhikI ceti dvidhaa| kAvyAnuzAsana 1/4 vRtti 4. sAvarapakSayopazamamAtrAta shjaa|| kAvyAnazAsana, 1/5

Page #118
samAna svayaMprakAza hai| jisa prakAra prakAzasvabhAva "sUrya" ke amara AvaraNa ke rUpa meM meghapaTala chA jAte haiM, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa karmoM ke sampAdana svabhAva AtmA ke Upara ajJAnAvaraNa par3A rahatA hai jaba ke kAraNa prakAza isa ajJAnAvaraNa kA nAza (kSaya) hotA hai athavA isakA upazama ho jAtA hai - 1 taba pratibhA svata: apanI pUrNavibhUtiyoM ke sAtha AvirbhUta hotI hai| jaba yaha AvirbhAva svata: sampanna hotA hai to use sahajA pratibhA kahate haiN| dvitIya aupAdhikI pratibhA mantrAdi se utpanna hone vAlI hai| 2 arthAt jaba vAya upAyoM, jaise devatA kI kRpA se, maMtra ke bala se, kisI mahApurUSa ke anugraha te yaha kArya sampanna hotA hai to use aupAdhikI pratibhA kahate haiN| 3 106 1. ruvitukhi prakAzasvabhAvatyAtmano' bhrapaTalamiva jJAnAvaraNIyAyAvarapam, tasyoMditasya vaye'nuditasyopazame ca yaH prakAzA virbhAvaH sA sahajA pratibhA / 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/5, vRtti maMtrAropAdhikI vahI, 1/6 3. mantradevatAnugrahA dipabhavopAdhikI pratibhA / iyamapyAcaraNakSayopazamanimittA, evaM dRSTopAdhinibandhanatvAttu aupAdhikItyucyate / vahI, 1/6, vRtti -

Page #119
107 caiki A. hemacandra ne vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa ko pratibhA kA saMskAraka mAnA hai, ataH vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa kAvya ke sAkSAta hetu nahIM hai, kyoMki pratibhArahita vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa viphala dekhe gaye haiN|' yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki hemacandra ne yadyapi daNDI kA sAkSAta ullekha nahIM kiyA hai tathApi ukta kathana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne daNDI ke "na vidyate yadyapi pUrvavAsanA ... / " ityAdi kayana kA khaNDana avazya kiyA hai| vyutpatti kA svarUpa prastuta karate hue A. hemacandra ne sthAvarajaMgamAtmaka lokavRtta meM zabda, chanda nAmamAlA, zruti, smRti, purANa, itihAsa, Agama, tarka, nATya, arthazAstrAdi granthoM meM tathA mahAkavi 1. ataeva na to kAvyasya sAkSAtkAra pratibhopakAripau tu bhvtH| dRzyate hi pratibhAhInasya viphalau vyutptybhyaasau| vahI, 1/7 vRti 2. jainAcAryo kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna - DA. kamalezakumAra jaina pR. 75 se udadhRta |

Page #120
108 prapIta mahAkAvyoM meM nipupatA ko hI vyutpatti kahA hai|' abhyAsa kA vivecana karate ve likhate haiM ki kisI kAvyavettA ke pAsa rahakara usakI zikSA ke dvArA kAvya-racanA ke liye punaH prayAsa karanA hI abhyAta hai| A. hemacandra kI mAnyatA hai ki abhyAsa dvArA parimArjita kI gaI pratibhA kAvyarUpI amRta ko pradAna karane vAlI kAmadhenu kI bhAMti hai|' itakI puSTi hetu unhoMne A. vAmana kA mata uddhRta karate hue - - - - - 1. lokazAstrakAvyepu nipuNatA vyutpttiH| loke sthAvarajaGgamAtmake lokavRtte ca zAstreSu zabdacchandonazAsanA jhijJAnakoza zrutismRtipurApetihAsAgamatarkanATyA kAmayogA diganyeSu kAvyeSu mahAkavi prapIteSu nipupatvaM tattvaveditva vyutpatti: lokAdi nipuptaa| kAvyAnu. 1/8 tathA vRti| 2. kAvyavickSiyA punaH punaH pravRttirabhyAsa: vahI, 1/9 3. abhyAsasaMskRtA hi pratibhA kaavyaamRtkaamdhenurbhvti| vahI, hatti pR. 14

Page #121
likhA hai ki abhyAsa hI karma meM kauzala lAtA hai| patthara para girAI gaI jala kI eka bUMda gaharAI ko prApta nahIM hotI, kintu vahI bUMda bAra-bAra- girAI jAya to patthara para bhI gaDDhA kara detI hai / / A. hemacandra ne abhyAsa ke prasaMga me "zikSA" kA jaisA vizada vivecana sodAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai, vaisA pUrvavartI kisI grantha meM dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| isake liye unakI vRtti tathA TIkA donoM mahatvapUrNa haiN| unake anusAra vidyamAna hote hue bhI kisI vastu kA varNana na karanA, avidyamAna kA kAvya meM nibandhana kara denA, niyama ( kavi samaya Adi), chAyA Adi kA upajIvana ( grahaNa karanA zikSA hai| 2 isa prasaMga meM chAyA kA upajIvana cAra prakAra se batalAyA gayA hai (1) pratibimbakalpatayA, ( 2 ) AlekhyaprakhyatayA, ( 3 ) tulyadehitulyatayA tathA ( 4 ) parapurapravezapratimatayA / iname se dhvanyAlokakAra ne prathama tIna bhedoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| 3 rAjazekhara ne bhI apanI kAvya mImAMsA meM isakI saMkSipta carcA kI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne Adipada te padapAda Adi kA dUsare kAvyoM se aucitya ke 2. 109 1. "abhyAso hi karmasu kauzalamAvahati / na hi sakRnnipatitamAtre paudabindurapi grAvaNi nimnatAmAdadhAti iti / vahI, pR.14 sato'pyAnabandho'sato'pi nibandho niyama chAyAdyupajIvanAdayazca zikSA : / kAvyAnu, 1/10 - - 3. dhvanyAloka 4/12-13

Page #122
110 anusAra gahapa karanA, tamasyApUrti karanA Adi ko bhI chAyA kA upajIyana batalAyA hai|' ___A. rAmacandra-gupacandra kA dRSTikopa yadyapi kAvya' yA nATya-hetu kA vistRta vivecana karanA nahIM hai, tathApi prakArAntara se ganyArambha meM kAvyanATya-nirmANa para calatA sA prakAza DAlate hue ve kahate haiM ki jo kavi nirdhana se lekara rAjA taka kI "aucitI' arthAta unake sAmAnya vyavahAra se avagata na hote hue bhI kAvya - nirmANa kI kAmanA karate haiM, ve vidvajjanoM ke upahAsa ke pAtra banate haiN| tathA jo nATakakAra na to gIta, vApa, nRtya Adi jAnate haiM, na lokasthiti se paricita hai, aura na prabandhoM arthAta, nATakoM kA abhinaya hI kara sakate haiM ve bhI nATya-racanA ke adhikArI nahIM hai| yahA~ do kAvyahetuoM kI prakArAntara se carcA huI hai : gIta, vAgha, 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, 14, 16 2. Ara.kAda bhapatiM yAvadaucitIM na vidanti ye| spRhyanti kavitvAya, yelanaM te sumedhsaam|| nATyadarpapa, 1/8 3 na gItavAdhanRttajJAH, lokasthitivido na ye abhinetuM ca kartu ca prabandhAste bahirmukhAH / / nATyadarpapa, 1/4

Page #123
kRta ( nRtya ) abhinaya Adi kA kriyAtmaka jJAna tathA raMka se rAjA paryanta loka vyavahAra ke pariciti / ina dono hetuoM ko adhikAMza sImA taka vyutpatti kaha takate haiN| pUrva sImA taka isaliye nahIM ki una AcAryoM ne vyutpatti tathA nipupatA ke antargata loka-vyavahArajJAna ke atirikta kAvyagranthoM evaM kAvyazAstrIya granthoM kA paThana-pAThana bhI sammilita kiyA hai| para AcArya rAmacandra - guNacandra ke pUrvokta kathana te yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki unheM kevala vyavahAra jJAna ko hI kAvyahetu mAnanA abhISTa hogA tathA zeSa do - pratibhA va abhyAsa ko nahIM / nATyadarpaNa ke tRtIya viveka meM rasa vivecana ke prasaMga meM, nATyadarpaNakAra kavi kI zakti arthAt, pratibhA ko hI kAvya kA pradhAna hetu mAnate pratIta hote haiN| ve likhate haiM ki jo kavi, naTa Adi kA zakti kauzala hai, ye camatkAravizeSa hI kavi va sahRdayoM kI lekhana va prekSaNa pravRtti ko prerita karate haiM / / - 1 2. - AcArya narendraprabhasari' evaM vAgbhaTa dvitIya hemacandrAcArya kI bhAMti vyutpati tathA abhyAsa te saMskRta pratibhA ko hI kAvya kA hetu mAnate haiN| kAraNa pratimevAsya vyutpatyabhyAsavAsitA / bIjaM navAMkurasyeva kAzyapI - jala saMgatam / / alaMkAramahodadhi 1/6 11 - 1. "... anenaiva ca sarvAMgahlAdakena kavinaTa-zaktijanmanA camatkAreNa vipralabdhA:paramAnaMdarUpatAM duHkhAtmakeSvapi karUpAdiSu sumedhasaH pratijAnIte / etadAsvAdalaulyena prekSakA api eteSu pravartante / " nATyadarpaNa, pR. 291 3. vyutpatyabhyA saMskRtA pratibhAsya hetu: kAvyAnuzAsana vAgbhaTa - pR.2 - -

Page #124
112 AcArya bhAvadevatari mammaTa kA anusarapa karate hue pratibhA, vyutpati tathA abhyAsa ke sammilita rUpa ko kAvya kA hetu mAnate haiN|' pUrvokta kAvya-hetu vivecana ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhAvadevasari ko chor3akara anya ullikhita samasta jainAcAryo ne vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa se saMskRta pratibhA ko hI kAvya-hetu svIkAra kiyA hai| jisakA samarthana paravartI vidvAn paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne kiyA kAvya - prayojana kAvya - prayojana - vicAra kI paramparA alaMkArazAstra kI eka prAcInatama paramparA hai| yahA~ kalA kalA ke liye kI bAta ko nahIM mAnA gayA aura na Adhunika upayogitAvAda ko hI kAvyabhUmi meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai apitu kAvya ke dRSTa tathA akRSTa donoM prakAra ke prayojana mAne gaye haiN| nATya ke athavA kAvya ke prayojana para sarvaprathama bharatamuni ne ( tRtIya zatAbdI ) vicAra kiyA thaa| unakA kathana hai ki loka kA 1. zaktiryutpattirabhyAsastasya heturiti trayam / kaavyaalNkaaryaa|/2

Page #125
113 manoraMjana va zokapIr3ita tathA parizrAnta janoM ko vizrAnti pradAna karanA? Age unhoMne dharma, yaza, Ayu, hita, buddhi-vardhana tathA lokopakArI upadeza ko nATya (kAvya) kA prayojana batAyA hai| __ bharatamuni ke pazcAt jyoM jyoM sAhityika vivecanA kA vikAsa hone lagA tyoM tyoM kAvya ke prayojana kA bhI vizada vivecana kiyA gyaa| alaMkArika AcArya bhAmaha ke anusAra satkAvya kA anuzIlana (I) dharma, artha, kAma tathA mos nAmaka purUSArthacatuSTaya evaM kalAoM meM nipupatA, ( 2 ) yaza prApti tathA (3) prIti kA kAraNa hai|' mahAkavi da:khAAnAM zramAAnAM zokAnAM tpsvinaas| vizrAmajananaM loke nATayametada bhvissyti|| - nAsmazAstra 1/113 2. dhamyaM yaza tyamAyuSyaM jiNbudivivrdhnm| lokopadezajananaM nATyametad viSyati / / nATayazAstra, I/I15 3. dharmArthakAmamokSeSu vaikSaNyaM kalAtu c| prIti karoti kIrti ca saadhukaavynibndhnm|| kAvyAlaMkAra, 1/2

Page #126
daNDI ne kAvya-prayojana kI carcA alaga se na karake kAvya lakSapa meM hI saMkSipta rUpa se kara dI hai| daNDI ne bhAmaha ke dvArA pratipAdita "caturvargaphalaprApti" ko hI kAvya-prayojana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|' sAtha hI unakA kathana hai ki kAvya lokaraMjaka honA caahie| rItivAdI AcArya vAmana ne bhAmaha pratipAdita kAvya-prayojanoM meM se kevala prIti tathA kIrti ko hI kAvya-prayojana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai tathA pIti ( AnandAnubhUti) ko dRSTa prayojana tathA kIrti (yaza)ko adRSTa prayojana batalAyA hai|' dRSTa tathA adRSTa rUpa meM kAvya-prayojana ke vibhAjana kA zreya nizcita hI vAmana ko hai| tadanantara dhvaniyAdI AcArya Anandavardhana (1vIM zatAbdI) ne bhI prIti ko hI kAvya kA pradhAna prayojana svIkAra kiyA - "tena brUmaH sajhadayamana H prItaye tatsvarUpam / kintu dhvanivAdI AcArya Anandavardhana 1. kAvyAdarza, 1/15 2. lokara-janama kAvyam - vahI, 1/19 3 kAvyaM sada dRSTAdRSTA prItikI tihtutvaat| kAvyAlaMkArasUtra, 1/1/5 vanyAloka: 1/1

Page #127
115 tathA AT. abhinavagupta kI prIti kI vyAkhyA rItivAdI AcAryoM kI vyAkhyA se bhinna hai| yaha to usa vilakSapa Ananda kA nAma hai jo sahdayoM ke udaya kI anumati kA viSaya hai, athavA rasavAdI AcArya jite rasAsvAdana yA rasAnubhUti kahate haiN| dhvanivAdiyoM dvArA pratipAdita kAvya ke isa mukhya prayojana ko bAda ke AcAryoM ne apanA Adarza vAkya sA banA liyaa| navIna vakroktivAda kA udghATana karate hue bhI AcArya kuntaka ne prIti ko hI kAvya kA mahatvapUrNa prayojana batAyA jisakA abhiprAya sahRdaya kA AhalAda hai|' isI prakAra rasa-tAtparyavAdI kAvyAcArya bhoja rAja (10vIM ||viiN zatAbdI) ke anusAra "kI ti" aura "prIti" hI kAvya ke tAttvika prayojana hai / aura "prIti" kA abhiprAya kAvyArthatattva kI bhAvanA se saMbhata "Ananda" hai jaisA ki "sarasvatIkaNThAbharapa" ke vyAkhyAkAra ratnezvara (14vIM zatAbdI) kA vizleSapa hai| AcArya mammTa ne 1. dharmAditAdhenopAyaH sakumA rkmoditH| kAvyabandho'bhipAtAnAM hadayAhA dakA rk:|| vakoktijIvita, |.4 2. kavi .... kIrti prIti ca vindati sarasvatIkaMThAbharapa, 1.2 3. prIti : sampUrpakAvyArthasvAdasamuttha AnandaH, kAvyArthabhAvanAdazAyAM kaverapi sAmAjikatvAMgIkArAt sa.ka. ratnadarpapa - 1.2

Page #128
116 kAvya-payojana-viSayaka vibhinnavAdoM kA samanvaya karate hue adhikatama cha: prakAra ke prayojana svIkAra kiye haiM -(1) yaza kI prApti, (2) dhanalAbha, (3) vyavahArajJAna, (4) akalyApa kA vinAza, (5) kAvyapATha ke sAtha - sAtha zIghra hI uccakoTi ke Ananda kI prApti tathA kAntAsammita updesh|' ye vibhinna AcAryoM dvArA mAnya kAvya - prayojana kucha kavi ke lie haiM tathA kucha pAThaka ke lie| isake atirikta kucha prayojana aite bhI haiM jo kavi tathA saDadaya donoM ko samAna rUpa se hitakArI haiN| yathA mammaTa - nirdiSTa akalyApa kA vinAzarUpa pryojn| isa prasaMga meM jainAcAryoM dvArA mAnya kAvya - prayojana nimna prakAra haiM -- jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne kevala yaza ko hI kAvya kA prayojana svIkAra kiyA hai jo kevala kaviniSTha hI hai jabaki anya samasta AcAryoM ne prAyaH AnandarUpa prayojana ko na kevala svIkAra kiyA hai, apitu sarvazreSTha tathA ubhayaniSTha (kavi va sahRdaya) bhI ghoSita kiyA hai| ata: 1. kAvyaM yaza se'rthakRte vyavahAravide shivtrksstye| sadhaH paranirvataye kaantaasmmittyopdeshyuje|| kApyaprakAza, 1/2 2. kAvyaM kurvIta kiirty| vAgbhaTAlaMkAra 1/3

Page #129
prazna utpanna hotA hai ki AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne AnandarUpa prayojana kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA? para jahA~ taka vAgbheTa AnandarUpa prayojana ke ullekha na karane kI bAta hai usa sambandha meM ye kahA jA sakatA hai ki unake anusAra pAThaka kA prayojana par3hane ke sAtha hI svayaMsiddha hai ata: usakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| cU~ki kavi kI racanA usakI kIrti meM prAyaH kAraNa hotI hai, ataH vAgbhaTa - prathama dvArA yaza ko hI kAvya kA prayojana mAnane kA aucitya ThaharatA hai| * 2. - A. hemacandra ne mammaTa sammata cha H kAvya-prayojanoM meM se kAvya ke tIna hI prayojana svIkAra kie haiM Ananda, yaza tathA kAntAsammita updesh|' hemacandra ke anusAra Ananda kA artha rasAsvAda te udbhUta hone vAlI vedyAntara samparkazUnya brahmAmvAda savidha prIti hai| 2 Ananda ko unhoMne anya kAvya prayojanoM kA upaniSadbhUta mukhya prayojana batAyA hai| kyoMki yaza tathA vyutpati ke dvArA bhI Ananda kA sampAdana hotA hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - "kIrtisvargaphalamADu: "3 - prathama dvArA I. kAvyamAnandAya yazate kAntAtulyopadezAya cA kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/3 sadyorasAsvAdajanmA nirastavedyAntarA brahmAsvAdasadRzI prItirAnandaH / kAvyAnu, 1/3 kI vRtti 117 3. yazovyutpattiphalatve'pi paryante sarvatrAnandasyaiva sAdhyatvAt / tathAhi kavestAvat kIrtyApi prItireva saMpAdyA / yadAha (1)* kIrti: svargaphlAmAhuH / ' kAvyAnuzAsana, viveka TIkA, pR. 3

Page #130
118 svarga se tAtparya Ananda se hai| cAro vargoM kI vyutpatti kA bhI pAryantika tathA mukhya phala Ananda hI hai|' A. hemacandra ke anusAra AnaMda kI prApti kavi tathA sahRdaya donoM ko hotI hai| sahadayoM ko rasAnubhUti hotI hai, ise to prAya: sabhI AcAryoM ne nirvirodha svIkAra kiyA hai| rahI bAta kavi kI to kavi bhI jaba bhAvuka kI sthiti meM AtA hai to use bhI kAvya kI bhAvanA karane para alaukikAnanda kI anubhUti hotI hai| abhinava gupta ne bhI locana ke maMgalAcarapa me likhA hai - "sarasvatyAstattvaM kavi sahRdayAkhyaM vijyte|' arthAta jisakA kavi tathA sahRdaya meM nirantara "khyAna' arthAta sphuraNa hotA hai - vaha sarasvatI kA tattva(kAvya) vijayI ho| 1. cartuvargavyutpatterapi cAnanda eva pAryantikaM mukhya - phala miti / vahI, viveka TIkA, pR. 4 2. idaM sarvaprayojanopaniSadamAta kavitahadayayoH kaavypryojnm| vahI, 1/3 vRtti

Page #131
119 hemacandrAcAryAnusAra yazaH prApti kevala kavi ko hotI hai|' sahadayoM ko kAntAsammita upadekSA kI prApti hotI hai| prabhusammita upadeza zabda pradhAna, mitrasammita upadeza arthapradhAna hotA hai tathA kAntAsammita upadeza meM zabda tathA artha donoM kA gupIbhAva hokara rasa kI pradhAnatA ho jAtI hai| kAntA kI bhAMti rasapradhAna vilakSapa kAvya sarasatA ke sampAdana dvArA jo upadeza pradAna karatA hai, vahI sahadayoM kA prayojana hai|2 mammaTAdi ne jo dhanAgamAdi ko kAvya ke prayojana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, usakA maNDana karate hue hemacandra likhate haiM ki dhana prApti anaikA ntika hai arthAta kAvya se dhana prApti ho bhI sakatI hai aura nahIM bhii| vyavahArajJAna zAstroM se bhI saMbhava hai tathA anartha nivAraNa prakArAnAra mantrAnuSThAna Adi te bhI ho sakatA hai, ata: inakA 1. yazastu kverev| yata iyati saMtAre cirAtItA apyagha yAvat kAlidAsAdayaH sahadayeH stayante kvyH| vahI, 1/3, vRtti 2. prabhutulyebhyaH zabdapradhAnebhyo vedAgamA dizAstrebhyo mitratabhitebhyo - 'rthapradhAnebhyaH purApapakarapAdibhyazca zabdArthayopabhAve rasaprAdhAnye ca vilakSaNaM kAvyaM kAnteva sarasatApAdanena saMmukhIkRtya rAmAdivata vartitavyaM na rAvapAdivata ityupadizatIti sahRdayAnAM pryojn| vahI, 1/3, vatti

Page #132
120 hamane ullekha nahIM kiyA hai|' kintu unakA yaha tarka samucita nahIM pratIta hotA kyoMki kAvya kA prayojana mammaTa ke mata meM dhana hI na hokara dhana bhI hai| DA. devendranAtha zarmA ke anusAra anaikAntikatA kA AdhAra lekara hemacandra dvArA svIkRta yaza kA bhI khaNDana kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaza kA ekamAtra hetu kAvya nahIM hai| AcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra ne granthArambha meM hI namaskArAtmaka maMgalaparaka praloka dvArA hI nATya(kAvya)ke prayojana kA ullekha kara diyA hai|inhoNne caturvarga dharmArthakAmamokSa pala vAlA nATaka mAnA hai|' inake anusAra jisa vyakti ke lie jo puruSArtha abhISTa hai vahI usakA pradhAna phala hai, taditara gaupa phala hai| Age ve kahate haiM ki yadyapi 1. dhanamanaikAntikaM vyavahArakauzalaM zAstrebhyo'pyanarthanivAra / prakArAntarepApItI na kAvyaprayojanatayAtmAbhirUktamaH / vahI, pR. 5 2. jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna - pR. 69 3 caturvargaphlAM nityaM jainI vaacmupaasmhe| nATyadarpaNa / / 5. iSTalakSapatvAcca phlatya yo yasya puruSArtho'bhISTa : sa tatya pradhAnaM, aparo gaupH| nATyadarpapa / / / kI vRtti

Page #133
121 sAkSAtpa se nATakAdi dharma, artha tathA kAma ina tInoM meM se hI kisI eka phala ko hI pradAna karane vAle hote haiM tathApi rAma ke samAna AcaraNa karanA cAhie rAvapa ke samAna nahIM isa prakAra kI heya tathA upodaya ke parityAga tathA gRhapa paraka hone se nATakAdi modha ke prati bhI paramparayA kArapa ho sakate haiN| italiye bhI mokSa ko unakA phala kahA jA sakatA hai tathA dharma ke bhI mokSajanaka hone se paramparA se mokSa bhI nATakAdi kA phla ho sakatA hai|' hA~ mokSaprAptirUpa phala dharma kI apekSA gaupa phala hotA hai| Age de likhate haiM ki nATakAdi nAyaka tathA pratinAyaka ke nItiparaka tathA anItiparaka kArya-panoM ko divAkara pravRtti-nivRtti kA upadeza pradAna karate haiN|' 1. yadyapi sAkSAta dharma-artha-kAmaphlAnyeva nATakAdIni tathApi "rAmavada vartitavyaM na rAvaNavada' iti heyopAdeya - hAnopAdAnaparatayA, dharmasya ca mokSahetatayA modho'pi pAramparyepa phls| hi. nA. da., pRSTha / / 2. mokSastu dharmakAryatvAta gaupaM phlm| nA. da pRSTha 2 nAyakapatinAyakayohi nayAnayaphlopadazanena nATakAdibhiIdAntacetasAM nyAyAdanapete kRtye prvRttirvyvsthaapyte| nA. da pRSTha 12

Page #134
122 AcArya narendraprabhatAra ne hemacandrAcAryasammata Ananda, yaza tathA kAntAsammita upadeza ke atirikta dharma, artha tathA kAmarUpa sAtiya (nirargala )trivarga ko kAvya-prayojana mAnA hai|' AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne pramoda (dRrSa), anartha-nivArapa, vyavahArajJAna, trivarga phala prApti, kAntAsammita upadeza tathA kIrtirUpa : kAvya-prayojanoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| mAvadevatari iSTa tathA aniSTa kA jJAna karake usameM pravartana aura nirvatana, gurU tathA mitra ke sadRza kArya-sAdhaka, kalyApakArI yaza tathA dhana-prApti rUpa prayojana mAnate haiN| 1. amandodgatirAnandastrivargapaca nirrglH| kIrtipaMca kAntAtulyatvenopadezazca ttphlm|| alaMkAramahodadhi, 1/5 2. kAvyam / pramodAmAnarthaparihArAya vyavahArajJAnAya trivargaphalalAbhAya kAntAtulyatayopadezAsa kIrtaye c| kApyAnu. vAgbhaTa, pR. 2 3 iSTAniSTeSu tajjJAnaM pravartana - nivartanAt kAvyaM gurU - suhat - tulyaM kArya ayo.yazaH zriye // kaavyaalNkaarmaar|/2

Page #135
123 pUrvokta vibhinna jainAcAryoM dvArA nirUpita kAvya- prayojanoM para dRSTipAta karane se jJAta hotA hai ki puruSArtha - catuSTya jisakA sarvaprathama ullekha AcArya bhAmaha ne kiyA hai, use jainAcAryoM meM narendraprabhatari (trivarga) tathA vAgbhaTa dvitIya (trivarga) ne bhI mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne yayApi mammaTa sammata arthaprApti Adi tIna prayojanoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathApi mammaTa kI bhAMti AnandarUpa prayojana ko sarvazreSTha mAnA hai| vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne mammaTa ke arthaprApti ke sthAna para trivarga phala - prApti rUpa prayojana mAnA hai, zeSa pA~ca prayojana mammaTa sammata hI hai| bhAvadevasari prAyaH mammaTa ke samarthaka haiN| astu samasta kAvya prayojanoM kA samyakRtayA vivecana karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne pUrvAcAryo dvArA kathita kAvya - prayojanoM ko AdhAra mAnakara apanA mata prastuta kiyA hai tathApi vAgbhaTa-prathama dvArA mAnya ekamAtra yazarUpa prayojana apanI maulikatA prastuta karatA hai| isI prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne mammaTa svIkRta cha: kAvya-prayojanoM meM se tIna kA khaNDana kara eka navIna vicAra prastuta kiyA hai|

Page #136
124 tRtIya adhyAya - jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM ratasvarUpa vivecana rasa - siddhAnta bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kA atyanta prAcIna tathA pratiSThita siddhAnta hai| yaha bhAratIya sAhityazAstra kA merudaNDa hI nahIM, usakI mahattama upalabdhi bhI hai| sAmAnyataH rasa zabda kA prayoga zrRMgArAdi kAvya rata, kaSAya, tikta, kaTu Adi AsAtha padArtha, ghRtAdi cikane padArtha tathA viSa, jala, niryAta vRkSoM te cane vAlA tarala padArtha pArada, rAga aura vIrya meM hotA hai|' kAvyazAstra meM rasa zabda kA prayoga pAribhASika artha meM huA hai, ataH jo AsvAdita ho vaha rata hai| kAvya ke paThana, pravapa yA darzana te jita AnaMda kA anubhava hotA hai, vahI Ananda "rasa" kahalAtA hai| __ "nahi ratAda te kazcidarthaH pravartate AcArya bharata ke isa kathana se rasa kA sarvAdhika mahatva evaM kAvya tathA nATya meM isakA aparihAryatva suspaSTa ho jAtA hai| nAdaya kI racanA ko rasakallolasaMkula hone ke kArapa hI kaThina kahA gayA hai| para vaha rasa hI nATya yA kAvya kA prApabhUta tatva hai ataeva rasasiddha kaviyoM kI sarvatra prazaMsA kI gaI hai| vahI vAstavika kavi hai, tathA usI ke kAvya ke par3hane se martyaloka ke vAsI manuSya bhI kAvyarata rUpI sudhA kA pAna - - - - 1. zrRMgArAdo kaSAyAdI ghRtAdo ca viSe jale / niyati pArade rAgeM vIrye'pi rasa issyte|| - jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna, pR. 11 se uddheta 2 alaMkAramRdaH panthAH kathAdInAM susbhyrH| duHsa carastu nAdayasya rasakallolasaMkula : / / - nATayadarpapa, 1/3

Page #137
125 karane vAle bana jAte haiM, jisakI vApI rasormiyoM meM TakarAtI huI nATya meM nRtya karatI hai|' nATya athavA kAvya meM varNita jJAta bhI kathA, rasAya se navIna sI lagatI hai| AcArya mammaTa ne rasAsvAdana se samudbhUta vigalita vedhAntara Ananda ko sakalaprayojanamaulibhata kahA hai| rasAdi ke Azraya te parimita kAvyamArga mI anantatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai|* rasavAdI evaM dhvanivAdI AcAryoM ne kAvya meM rasa ko sarvocca sthAna dete hue isakI pratiSThA kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa meM hI kI hai| isake abhAva meM alaMkArAdi - - - - - - 1. sa kavistasya kAvyena mA api sudhaandhsH| raso mirpitA nATye yattya nRtyati bhAratI / / vahIM, 1/5 2. dvanTapUrvA api yarthAH kAvye rsprigRhaat| sarve navA ivA bhAnti madhumAsa iva dumaaH|| dhvanyAloka 4/4 3. sakalaprayojamaulibhataM tamanantaramevarasAsvAdanasamudabhUtaM vigalita kyaantrmaannds| __ kAvyaprakAza, pR. + yuktyAnayAnusartavyo rsaadirbhuvistrH| mito'pyanantatAM prAptaH kAvyamArgoM ydaashryaat|| dhvanyAloka, 4/3 5. tena rasa eva vastutaH AtmA, vastvalaDa kAradhvanistu sarvathA rasaM prati paryavatyete itiabhinavagupta, dhvanyAlokalocana, pR. 85

Page #138
126 se yukta bhI kAvya hAsyAspada ho jAte haiN|' kAvya ke aise mahatvapUrNa tatva kI abhivyakti ke liye kavi kA sarvAtmanA prayatnazIla honA sarvathA apekSita hai| rasa-siddhAnta kA sarvaprathama ullekha AcArya bharata ne apane nATyazAstra meM kiyA hai yadyapi yaha nATyazAstra kI racanA ke pUrva apane astitva meM vidyamAna rahA hai| para bharatamuni ne aba taka jo rasa-svarUpa anizciya ke hiMDole meM idhara udhara jhUla rahA thA, use nizcita sthAna para baiThAkara rasa ko suvyavasthita rUpa se paribhASita karate likhA ki - "vibhAva anubhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAva ke saMyoga se rasa kI niSpatti hotI hai|' rasa-siddhAnta kA yaha prathama satra uttaravartI AcAryoM ke liye AdhArazilA banA / isameM prayukta "niSpatti" zabda ko lekara bahuta vivAda huA tathA paripAmasvarUpa bhaTTalollaTa ke utpattivAda, zaikuka ke anumitivAda, maTTanAyaka ke muktivAda tathA abhinavagupta ke abhivyaktivAda nAmaka siddhAntoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| inakI vistRta vyAkhyA abhinavaguptakRta "abhinavabhAratI meM 1. zleSAlaMkArabhAjo'pi ratA nityndkrkshaaH| darbhagA iva kAminyaH pIpanti na mano girH|| nATyadarpapa, 1/7 vyaMgyavyajakamAve'sminvividhai smbhvtyaapi| rasAdimaya ekasminkaviH syAdavadhAnavAn / / dhvanyAloka 4/5 3 nATyazAstra, SaSTha adhyAya, pu. 71

Page #139
milatI hai| AcArya mammaTa ne use apane "kAvyaprakAza" tathA AcArya hemacandra ne apane kAvyAnuzAsana meM pariSkRta tathA samucita rUpa meM samAhita kiyA hai| ukta cAra AcAryoM meM jahAM abhinavagupta dvArA prastuta bharata rasa-sUtra kI vyAkhyA ko sarvAdhika pratiSThA prApta huI hai vahIM bhaTTalollaTa kI vyAkhyA ko heya dRSTi se dekhA gyaa| para isa tathya ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki rasa-sUtra kI vyAkhyA tathA rasa siddhAnta kI pratiSThA kA mArga bhaTTalollaTa ne hI kholA / bhaTTa lollaTa vibhAva, anubhAva tathA saMcAribhAva ke saMyoga se rasa kI utpatti mAnate haiN| isa mata ko mAnane vAle unake atirikta anyAcArya bhI haiN| 2 bharata rataM sUtra ke dvitIya vyAkhyAkAra zaMkuka ke anusAra sAmAjika anumAna ke dvArA rasAsvAdana karatA hai| 3 tRtIya vyAkhyAkAra hai- bhaTaTanAyaka / inhoMne bhAvakatva tathA bhojakatva nAmaka do navIna vyApAroM kI kalpanA kI hai tathA niSpatti kA artha bhukti tathA saMyoga kA artha bhojyabhojakabhAva sambandha kiyA hai| 4 rasa-sUtra ke caturtha vyAkhyAkAra abhinavagupta ne apanI vyAkhyA meM sAmAjika ko rasAnubhUti kA Azraya svIkAra kiyA hai tathA rasa ko alaukika AnandarUpa kahA hai| 5 AcArya mammaTa ne rasa-svarUpa nirUpita karate likhA hai ki loka meM jo 1. draSTavya - 127 kAvyaprakAza, kR. pR. 101-12 kAvyAnu, TIkA, pR. 89-103 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, pu, 89 3. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 90-93 - 4. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 96 5. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 102

Page #140
rati Adi sthAyIbhAvoM ke kAraNa, kArya tathA sahakAribhAva pAye jAte haiM, ve hI yadi nATya yA kAvya meM prayukta hote haiM to vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAva kahalAte haiM aura unhIM vibhAvAdi bhAvoM se abhivyakta hone vAlA ratyAdirUpa sthAyibhAva rasa kahalAtA hai / ' jainAcAryoM ke rasa - svarUpa kA upajIvya prAyaH bharata rasa-sUtra hI rahA hai| AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama rasa kI mahattA pratipAdita karate apane grantha meM likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra uttama rIti se pakAyA huA bhojana bhI namaka ke binA svAdahIna rahatA hai usI prakAra rasahIna kAvya bhI anAsvAdya hotA hai| 2 isI krama meM ve rasa ko paribhASita karate hue likhate haiM ki vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicAribhAva aura sAttvika bhAvoM se paripoSa ko prApta karavAye gaye sthAyibhAva ko rasa kahate haiN| 3 128 AcArya hemacandra bharata rakha-sUtra va usake vyAkhyAkAra A. abhinavagupta vibhAva, anubhAva kA anusaraNa karate hue rasa ko paribhASita karate likhate haiM ki tathA vyabhicAribhAvoM se abhivyakta sthAyibhAva hI "rasa" kahalAtA hai / " vRtti meM - 1. kAvyaprakAza, 4/27-28 2. sAdhupAke'pyanAsvArthaM bhojyaM nirlavarSaM yathA / tathaiva nIrata kAvya miti brUmo rasAniha / / vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/1 3. vibhAvairanubhAvaizca sAti vakairvyabhicAribhiH / AropyamApa utkarSa sthAyI bhAvo rasaH smRtH| / vahI, pR. 5/2 vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicAribhirabhivyaktaH sthAyI bhAvo rasaH / kAvyAnuzAsana 2/1 4.

Page #141
129 rata-sUtra ko vyAkhyAyita karate ve likhate haiM ki - vA cika Adi abhinayoM te yukta jinake dvArA sthAyI aura vyabhicAribhAva vizeSa rUpa se jAne jAte hai ve kAvya aura nATyazAstra meM prasiddha lalanA, Adi Alambana aura udhAnAdi uddIpana svabhAva vAle vibhAva kahalAte haiN| sthAyibhAva aura vyabhicAribhAva rUpa cittavRtti vizeSa kA anubhava karate hue sAmAjika loga jina kaTAkSa va bhujAkSepa Adi dvArA sAkSatkAra karate haiM tathA jo kAryarUpa meM paripaMta hote hai, ve anubhAva kahalAte haiN| vividha rUpa se rasa kI ora unmukha hokara vicarapa karane vAle dhRti, smRti Adi vyabhicAribhAva kahalAte haiN| ye vibhAvAdi sthA yibhAva ke anumApaka hone se loka meM kArapa, kArya va sahakArI zabdoM se sambodhita kiye jAte haiN| ye mere haiM, ye dUsare ke haiM, ye mere nahIM hai, ye dUsare ke. nahIM hai| isa prakAra sambandha vizeSa ko svIkAra athavA parihAra karane ke niyama kA nizcaya na hone se sAdhArapa rUpa se pratIta hone vAle tathA vibhAvAdi se abhivyakta hone vAle sAmA jiloM meM vAsanA rUpa se sthita ratyAdi sthAyibhAva hai| yaha sthAyibhAva niyata pramAtA (sahRdaya vizeSa)meM sthita hone para bhI vibhAvAdi ke sAdhArapIkarapa ke kAraNa sabhI sahRdayoM kI samAna anumati kA viSaya banA huA, AsvAdamAtra svarUpa vAlA, vibhAvAdi kI bhAvanA paryanta rahane vAlA, alaukika camatkAra ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa parabahamAsvAdasahodara tathA nimIlita netroM se kavi va sadayoM dvArA AvAghamAna, svasaMvedana sida rata kahalAtA hai|' 1. vahI, 2/ vRtti

Page #142
130 AcArya hemacandra ne rasa ko alaukika kahA hai| usakI alaukikatA siddha karate ve likhate haiM ki vibhAvAdi ke vinAza hone para bhI rasa kI sthiti saMbhava hone se vaha rasa vibhAvAdi kA kArya nahIM hai aura usa sidrata kA anubhava ke pUrva abhAva hone se vaha rasa jJApya bhI nahIM hai|' AcArya hemacandra kA ukta kathana AcArya mammaTa ke kathana se zabdaza: milatA hai| donoM hI AcAryo kA mantavya hai ki yadi rasa ko vibhAvAdi ( kArapoM) kA kArya mAna leM to vibhAvAdi hI usake kArapa kahe jAyeMge aura loka meM jaite daNDa cakrAdi kArapa ke naSTa hone para bhI ghaTarUpa kArya banA hI rahatA hai vaise kAvya meM vibhAvAdi kArapa ke na rahane para rasa rUpa kArya nahIM raha sakatA hai| ataH rasa ko vibhAvAdi ke kArya rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra rasa jJApya bhI nahIM hai kyoMki usa sid rata ke anubhava hone ke pUrva usa rasa kA abhAva rahatA hai| yathA-ghaTAdi padArya adhare meM rahate haiM tabhI to dIpakA di ke dvArA prakAzyamAna hone para jJApya hote haiN| unakA pahale te abhAva ho to dIpakAdi ke dvArA vaha kaise hApya ho sakate haiN| arthAta nahIM ho skte| isa prakAra kI sthiti rasa ke viSaya meM nahIM hai| kyoMki vibhAvAdi ke pUrva rasa kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vibhAvAdi ke / sa ca na vibhAvAdeH kAryastadvinAze'pi rssNbhvprsNgaat| nApi jJApyaHsidatya tsyaabhaavaat| ___kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 103 - tulanIya, kAvyaprakAza, vRtti, pR. 10

Page #143
carvaNAyogya hone para, rasAsvAdana ke samaya hI usakI sattA rahatI hai / ' unakA kathana hai ki yadi koI kahatA hai ki loka meM kAraka aura jJApaka hetuoM ke atirikta anya kauna sA hetu dekhA gayA hai to isakA uttara hai ki kahIM nhiiN| yaha to rasa ke alaukikatva kI siddhi meM bhUSaNa hI hai, dUSapa nahIM hai| 2 AcArya hemacandra kI mAnyatA hai ki vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAvaye tInoM sammilita rUpa se rasa ke vyaMjaka hote haiM, alaga-alaga nahIM kyoMki alaga-alaga hetu mAnane para vyabhicAra doSa utpanna hogaa| 3 bhAva ye hai ki kisI bhI vibhAva Adi kA kisI eka rasa ke sAtha niyata sAhacarya nahIM hotA / yathA "vyAghra' Adi vibhAva bhayAnaka rasa ke samAna vIra, anupAta Adi anubhAva karUpa ke samAna adbhuta aura raudrarasa ke bhI hote haiN| zrRMgAra va bhayAnaka rasa ke bhI hote haiN| isI prakAra cintA Adi vyabhicAribhAva karUNa ke samAna zrRMgAra, vIra va bhayAnaka rasa ke bhI hote haiN| 4 1. vibhAvAdibhAvanAvadhiralau kicamatkArakA ritayA kAvyAnu, vRtti, pR. 88 kArakajJApakAbhyAmanyat kvadRSTamiti cenna kvacidRSTamityalaukikatva siddhebhUSaNametantra duussnnm| vahI, vRtti, pR. 103, tulanIya kAvyaprakAza a.ma vibhAvAdInAM ca samastAnAmabhivya-jakatvaM na vyastAnAm vyabhicArAt kAvyAnu, vRtti, pU, 1038 4. vyAghradayo hi vibhAvA bhayAnakasyaiva vIrAtbhuta raudrnnaam| anupAtAdayo' nubhAvAH karUpasyeva zrRMgArabhayAnakayo zcintAdayo vyabhicAriNaH karUpasyeva bhNgaarviirbhyaankaanaam| 2. 3. 131 .... ityAdi / vahI, vRtti, pR, 103 tulanIyaH kAvyaprakAza, vRtti pR. 113

Page #144
isaliye vibhAvAdi ko vyasta ( alaga-alaga rUpa te rasAbhivyakti kA kAraNa mAnanA asaMgata hai, jabaki inheM sammilita rUpa se kAraNa mAnane para koI doSa nahIM raha jAtA hai| jaise- priyamaraNa Adi vibhAvarodana Adi anubhAva evaM cintA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva ye tInoM milakara karUpa rasa kI hI abhivyakti karate haiM, anya rasa kI nhiiN| isaliye ina tInoM ko samasta rUpa meM rasAbhivyakti kA hetu mAnA gayA hai, vyasta rUpa meM nhiiN| yadi kAvya meM kahIM vibhAvAdi (vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicArI bhAva ) meM se kisI eka athavA do kA hI varpana hotA hai to bhI anya eka athavA do bhAvoM kA AkSepa upacAra se kara liyA jAtA hai|' udAharaNArtha "kelI ka dalitasya'.. ' ityAdi meM kevala sundarI rUpa Alambana vibhAva kA hI varNana hai, kintu yaha vibhAva anya anubhAva va vyabhicAri bhAvoM ko AkSipta karake sammilita rUpa se hI ratAbhivyakti kA hetu banatA hai| isI prakAra "yadvizramya 3... ityAdi dekhane kI vicitratA, aMgoM kI kRzatA, vaivarya Adi anubhAvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, anya vibhAva va vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA AkSepa se bodha hotA hai tathA 'dUrAdutsukamAgate... ityAdi meM autsukya, lajjA, harSa, krodha, anusUyA va prasAda Adi vyabhicAribhAvoM kA hI varNana hai, phira bhI unake (vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke) aucitya se anya do bhAvoM (vibhAva, anubhAva ) kA Azvaipa ho jAtA hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 4" vahI, TIkA, pR. 105 vahI, pR, 104 vahI, pR. 104 , 104 vahI, 132 "

Page #145
isa prakAra hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicArIbhAva milakara rasAbhivyakti karate hai, isa niyama meM koI vyabhicAra nahIM hotA hai| 133 AcArya rAmacandra guNacandra kI rasasvarUpa viSayaka mAnyatA anya sabhI AcAryoM se vilakSaNa hai| unake anusAra vibhAva aura vyabhicArIbhAva Adi ke dvArA utkarSa ko prApta hone vAlA tathA spaSTa anubhAvoM ke dvArA pratIta hone vAlA, sthAyibhAva ( rUpa hI ) sukhaduH ravAtmaka rasa hotA hai|' prastuta svarUpa kI vyAkhyA meM pratikSaNa udaya aura asta dharma vAle aneka vyabhicAribhAvoM meM jo anugatarUpa se avazya vidyamAna rahatA hai vaha "sthAyibhAva" kahalAtA hai| arthAt sthAyibhAva ke rahane para hI usake rahane tathA na rahane para vyabhicAribhAvoM ke na rahane te vyabhicAribhAvarUpa glAni ke prati ityAdi nizcita rUpa sthAyibhAva hotA hai| uparyukta vyabhicAribhAva Adi sAmagrI ke dvArA paripAka ko prAptakara rasarUpa ratyAdi bhavatIti bhAva:" isa vyutpatti ke anusAra bhAva kahalAtA hai| vibhAva arthAt lalanA udyAnAdi Alambana va uddIpana vibhAvarUpa vAhya kAraNoM dvArA pahale se vidhamAna sthAyibhAva kA hI avirbhAva hone se tathA sahRdayoM ke mana meM vidyamAna glAni Adi vyabhicAribhAvoM ke dvArA paripuSTa hone ke kAraNa, utkarSa ko prApta arthAta sAkSAtkArAtmaka anubhUyamAnAvasthA ko prApta, yathAsaMbhava sukha-duHkhobhayAtmaka, 1. sthAyI bhAvaH zritotkarSo vibhAva-vyabhicArimaH / spaSTAnubhAvanizcayaH sukhaduHkhAtmako rasaH / / hindI nATyadarpaNa 3/7

Page #146
134 * rasyate iti rasa:" isa vyutpatti te AsvAdyamAna hone se vahI sthAyibhAva rasa kahalAtA hai / ' uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nATyadarpaNakAra rasa ko sukha-duHkha : rUpa ubhayAtmaka mAnate haiN| ataH yahA~ para yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki ve sampUrNa nau rasoM ko sukha-duHkhAtmaka mAnate haiM? athavA kucha rasoM ko sukhAtmaka mAnate haiM tathA kucha ko duHkhaatmk| isI ko spaSTa karate vai likhate haiM ki iSTa vibhAvAdi ke dvArA svarUpa sampatti ko prakAzita karane vAle zrRMgAra, hAsya vIra, adbhuta tathA zAnta ye pA~ca sukhAtmaka rasa haiM tathA aniSTa vibhAvAdi ke dvArA svarUpa lAbha karane vAle karUNa, raudra vIbhatsa tathA bhayAnaka ye cAra duHkhAtmaka rasa haiN| 2 unakA kathana hai ki kucha AcAryoM ke dvArA jo saba rasoM ko sukhAtmaka batalAyA gayA hai va pratIti ke viparIta hai| kyoMki vAstavika karUSAdi vibhAvoM kI to bAta hI jAne do, usase to duHkha hogA hI, kintu kAvya nATaka Adi maiM naToM ke dvArA avAstavika rUpa meM pradarzita abhinaya meM prApta vibhAvAdi se utpanna bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa, karUpa athavA raudra rasa kA AsvAdana karane vAlA vyakti avarSanIya kaSTa kA anubhava karatA hai| ataeva bhayAnakAdi dRzyoM se sAmAjika udvigna ho jAte haiN| yadi saba rasa sukhAtmaka hI hote to sukhAsvAda se kisI ko udvega nahIM hotA hai, isalie karUpAdi rasa duHkhAtmaka hI hote haiN| aura.. 1. hindI nATyadarpaNa, 3/7 vRtti / 2. iSTa vibhAvAdigrathitasvarUpasampattaya: zrRMgAra- hAsya-vIra adbhuta zAntAH sukhaatmaanH| apare punaraniSTa vibhAvAdyupanItAtmAnaH karUpa-raudra-vIbhatsa - bhayAnakAzcatvAro duHkhAtmAnaH / hindI nATyadarpaNa, pU, 290

Page #147
135 karUpAdi rasoM se bhI sahRdayoM meM camatkAra dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha rasAsvAda ke samApta ho jAne para yathAsthita jaise-taise padArthoM ko dikhalAne vAle kavi tathA naTa ke zakti kauzala se hotA hai kyoM ki vIratA ke abhimAnI jana bhI eka hI prahAra meM sira ko kATa DAlane vAle, prahAra-kuzAla zatru ke kauzaoNla ko dekhakara Azcaryacakita raha jAte haiN| aura isI sAMga AnandAnubhati se kavi aura naTagata zakti se utpanna camatkAra ke dvArA Thage hue se dviAn duHyAtmaka karUpA di ratoM meM paramAnandarUpatA kA anubhava karate haiN| isI AsvAda ke lobha se darzaka bhI inameM pravRtta hote haiN|' kavigapa to sukha duHkhAtmaka saMsAra ke anurUpa hI rAmAdi caritra kI racanA karate samaya sukha-duHkhAtmaka ratoM se yukta hI kAvya nATakAdi kI racanA karate hai aura jisa prakAra pAnaka-rasa kA mAdhurya tIkSpa AsvAda se aura adhika acchA lagatA hai, usI prakAra karUpAdi duHkha pradhAna rasoM meM duHkha ke tIkheM AsvAda se milakara suyoM kI anumati aura bhI adhika AnandadA yinI bana jAtI hai| nATakAdi meM sItA ke harapa, draupadI ke kezA evaM vastrAkarSapa, harazcindra kI cANDAla ke yahA~ dAsatA, rohitAzva ke maraNa, lakSmapa ke zApita-bhedana, mAlatI ke mArane ke upakrama Adi ke abhinaya ko dekhane vAle sahadayoM ko sukhAsvAda kaise ho sakatA hai| ataH karUpAdi rasoM ko sukhAtmaka mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| isI ke samarthana meM Age yukti dete kahate haiM ki naTa ke dvArA karUpAdi prasaMgoM meM kiyA jAne vAlA abhinaya duHkhAtmaka hI hai| yadi anukarapa meM use sukhAtmaka mAneMge to vaha samyak anukarapa nahIM hogaa| 1. hindI nATyadarpapa, 3/1 vRtti 2. hi nATyadarpaNa 3/7 vRtti

Page #148
136 apitu viparIta hone se AbhAsa ho jaayegaa| jo iSTajanoM ke viyoga se duHkhI vyaktiyoM ke sAmane karUpA di ke varNana athavA abhinaya se sukhAnubhUti hotI hai, vaha bhI yathArtha meM duHyAnamati hI hai| kyoMki duHkhI vyakti dukhiyoM kI vArtA se sukha jaisA anubhava karatA hai aura pramodakArI vArtA se dukhita hotA hai| ata: karUpAdi rasa duHkhAtmaka hI haiN|' ___ ratoM ko sukhAtmaka aura duHkhAtmaka svIkAra karane vAle prathama AcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra nahIM haiN| inase pUrva bhI kucha isa prakAra ke spaSTa kathana mila jAte haiN| para nATyadarpapa rAmacandra gupacandra kA rasasiddhAnta anya AcAryoM ke siddhAnta vilakSaNa hI hai| vaha yaha ki anya AcAryoM ne rasa ko alaukika mAnA hai| loka me hone vAlI strI-puruSa kI paraspara rati ko anya AcAryo ne rasa nahIM mAnA hai| kAvya nATaka meM hone vAle vibhAvAdi ko hI una logoM ne vibhAvAdi zabda se kahA hai| unake mata meM vibhAvA di zabda mI loka ke nahIM kAvya nATaka ke kSetra meM sImita zabda haiN| jabaki nATyadarpapakAra ne laukika strI puruSa Adi ko bhI "vibhAvAdi' zabdoM se aura unakI rati Adi ko bhI "rasa' zabda se nirdiSTa kiyA hai| isaliye unhoMne sAmAnya viSayaka tathA vizeSa viSayaka dvividha rasoM kI sthiti mAnI hai| isI ko spaSTa karate granthakAra likhate haiM ki jahA~ (arthAta loka meM ) vAstavika rUpa meM ha. nAiparapaNa, AkRti 2. ka- abhinavabhAratI bhAga 1, pR. 219-20 ( nagendra ) - rasasya sukhaduHvAtmakatayA tamayalakSapatvena upapadyate, ataeva tadubhayajanakatvam / -rsklikaa| rUdrabhaTTa nambara Apha rasAja pR. 155 hindI nAdayaurpapa pR. 84 se udhata ga- rasA hi sukhadaHvarUpAH zrapra. 2yabhAga pR. 369 hindI nATyadarpapa pR. 84 se utta

Page #149
sthita vibhAva (sItA rAma Adi) nizcita vyakti vizeSa meM (ratyAdirUpa) sthAyibhAva ko rasarUpatA ko prApta karAte haiM vahA~ rasa kA AsvAda niyata vyaktivizeSa meM hotA hai| jaise ki loka meM koI yuvaka kisI yuvati ko lekara usake viSaya meM apanI rati ko zrRMgArarasa ke rUpa meM AsvAdana karatA hai| yahA~ rasa kI pratIti vizeSa viSayaka va laukikI huii| jahA~ loka meM vAstavika rUpa maiM sthita, para) anya meM anurakta vanitA ko ( arthAt parakIyA nAyikA ko ) lekara aneka vyaktiyoM meM sAmAnya viSayaka rati paripoSaNa hotA hai, vahA~ niyata vyakti vizeSa se sambaddha rUpa zrRMgArarasa kA AsvAda nahIM hotA hai arthAt eka strI se aneka vyaktiyoM ko sAmAnyarUpa se zrRMgArAnubhUti hotI hai kyoMki aise udAharaNoM meM strI Adi rUpa vibhAvoM se sAmAnya rUpa se aneka vyakti viSayaka . rati Adi sthAyibhAva kA AvirbhAva hone se sAmAnya viSayaka hI rasAsvAda hotA hai| isI prakAra apane kisI priya bandhu ke viyoga se pIr3ita yuvatiko rote dekhakara dekhane vAle aneka vyaktiyoM ko sAmAnya viSayaka hI karuNarasa kA AsvAda hotA hai| isI prakAra anya rasoM meM bhI donoM prakAra kI sthiti hotI hai|' kintu kAvya tathA nATaka meM vibhAvAdi vAstavika rUpa maiM vidyamAna nahIM hote hai kevala kAvya tathA abhinaya ke dvArA samarpita hote hai| isaliye unase vizeSa viSayaka rasAnubhUti na hokara sAmAnya viSayaka rasAnubhUti hI hotI hai| 2 1. hindI nATyadarpaNa, pU, 296-97 2. hindI nATyadarpaNa, pU, 297 137 -

Page #150
rAmacandra guNacandra ke anusAra rasAnubhava ke 5 AdhAra hote haiM: 1. laukika strI-puruSa 2. 3 4. naTa kAvya tathA nATaka kA zrotA kavi evaM nATya kA anusandhAtA, aura 5. sAmAjika - 138 anukArya, anukartA, zrotA va anusandhAtA meM rasa kI pratIti pratyakSa rUpa meM evaM sAmAjika ko parokSa rUpa meM hotI hai| sAmAjika meM sthita ra lokottara hotA hai aura anyatra sthita laukika / rasa mukhya rUpa se kisameM rahatA hai? isake uttara meM nATyadarpaNa kAra kA kathana hai ki cittavRttirUpa rasa kA AvirbhAva sAmAjika hI hotA hai aura kAvyArthaparizIlanakartA sAmAjika cintavRttirUpa rasa kA AsvAdana apane Antarika sukha kI taraha karate haiM, na ki vAhya vastu janya sukha kI taraha / jaise modakAdi vAhya vastu se sukhAsvAda hotA hai, usase vilakSaNa kAvyArtha bhAvanA janya rasa kA AsvAda hai|' isaliye rasa kA AsvAdaka sAmAjika I. zritotkarSo hicetovRttirUpaH sthAyI bhAvo rasaH, sa cAcetanasya kAvyasyAtmAdheyo vA kathaM syAt 1 tataH kAvyArthapratipattairanantaraM pratipatRNAM rasAvirbhAvaH / pratipattArazcAtmasthaM sukhamiva rasamAsvAdayanti / na puna:rbahiHsthaM ra modakamiva pratiyanti / anyo hi modakasyAsvAdo'nyazca pratyayA rasasya / hindI nATyadarpaNa, pR. 302

Page #151
139 hI hai, naTa - anuvartA yA anukArya rAmA di nahIM hai|' narendraprabhatari ne vibhAva anubhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAvoM se abhiyakta hone vAle ratyAdi sthAyibhAva ko rasa kahA hai| tatpazcAta bharata - rasa - sUtra ko prastuta karate hue AcArya mammaTa ke sadRzA maTTalollaTa, zaikuka, bhaTTanAyaka va abhinavagupta ke ramaviSayaka matoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|' ___ AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAvoM se abhivyakta hone vAle sthAyibhAva ko rasa kahA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki anyAcAryoM ke samAna jainAcAryoM ne bhI prAyaH bharata-rasa-sUtra ko AdhAra mAnakara apanA rasa-svarUpa nirUpapa kiyA hai| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - kAvye naTe'nyatravA rasatyAsatvAta asatazcApi pratyaye ahdayasyApi pratItiH syaat| tato vibhAvayatipAdakakAvyapatipatteranantaraM pratipattureva sthAyI raso bhvti| hindI nATyadarpapa, pR. 303 2. vibhAvairanubhAvaidhaca vyakto'ya vyabhicAbhiH / sthAyI ratyAdiko bhAvo rasatvaM prtipdyte|| __ alaMkAramahodadhi 3/12 3. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/12 vRtti + kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 53

Page #152
140 rasa - bheda rasa - bhedoM ke sandarbha meM sAhityazAstrIya prAcIna AcAryoM meM bahuta matabheda rahA hai| katipaya AcArya zrRMgAra hAsya, karUpa, raur3a, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa va amRta ina ATha rasa - medoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| anya AcArya uparyukta rasa ke ATha medoM meM zAntarasa kA samAveza karate hue rasoM kI saMkhyA nau mAnate haiM tathA kucha loga nATaka meM zAntarasa kI sthiti nahIM mAnate haiN| nATyazAstra ke prapetA bharatamuni ne zrRMgAra - hAsya Adi ATha rasoM ko nATya meM svIkAra kiyA hai|' AcArya mammaTa ne bharatamuni kI kArikA ko yathAvat uddhata karate hue 9veM zAntarasa kI parigaphnA alaga se kI hai| saMbhavata: isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki "aSTau nATye rasAH smRtAH' nATyazAstra ke isa kArikAMza ko lekara bahuta vivAda rahA hai| bhAmaha va daNDI Adi ne 8 rasoM kA pratipAdana kara zAntarasa nahIM mAnA hai| umaTa, AnaMdavardhana va abhinavagupta ne spaSTa rUpa se zAntarasa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dhanaMjaya va dhanika ne zAntarasa kA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki nATya meM zAntarasa hotA hI nahIM hai| 1. zrRMgArahAtyakarUparaudravIrabhayAnakAH / vIbhatsAnbhutasaMjJA ghetyaSTau nATye ratAH smRtaa|| nATyazAstra 6/15 kAvyaprakAzaM 4/29 3 vahI, 4/35 5. kAvyaprakAza, AcArya vizvezvara, pR. / / 6 5. zamamapi kecitpAhuH puSTirnATyeSu naitty| dazarUpaka 4/33

Page #153
141 bharatamuni ke samakAlIna jainAcArya anuyogadvArasUtrakAra AryarakSita ne purAne ATha ratoM meM navAM prazAnta rasa sammilita karate hue nau rasoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|' DA. kamaleza kumAra jaina ne ina nau rasoM ke nAma isa prakAra batAye hai -1) vIra, (2) zrRMgAra, (3) adbhuta, (4) raudra, (5) bIDanaka, (6) vIbhatsa, ( 7 ) hAsya, ( 8 ) karUpa va(7) prshaant| isake sAtha hI unhoMne anuyogadvArasUtra te kArikA bhI uddhata kI hai| isa prakAra yahA~ eka navIna bAta ye dRSTigata hotI hai ki AcArya AryarakSita ne bharatA di AcAryo dArA ullikhita bhayAnaka rata ke sthAna para vIDanakra rasa kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu isakI sattA meM sandeha hai kyoMki ise paravartI AvAryo dvArA mAnyatA prApta nahIM huI hai| isI liye DA. dI. rAghavana Adi Adhunika kAvyazAstrI vIDanaka ko svataMtra rasa kI sattA nahIM dete haiN| jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne zrRMgAra, vIra, karUpa, hAsya, adbhuta, bhayAnaka, raudra, vIbhatsa aura zAnta ina nau ratoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| 4 1. gaTavya - da nambara Apha rasAba, pR. 24 2. vIro siMgAro abbhao a rauDhdo a hoi bodvvo| velapao bIbhaccho, hAso kalapo paMsato a / / anuyogadvArasatra prathama bhAga, pu, 828, "jainAcAryo kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna" pR. 105 se uddht| 3 dI nambara Apha rasApa, vI, rAghavana, pR. 143 + vAgbhaTAlaMkAra - 5/3

Page #154
142 AcArya hemacandra ne bhI nau rasa svIkAra kiye haiM para unakA krama isa prakAra hai - zrRMgAra, hAsya, karUpa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa, adbhuta va shaant|' isa krama ko apanAne meM unakA eka vizeSa prayojana hai| unakA kathana hai ki rati ( zrRMgAra rasa kA sthAyIbhAva) ke sabhI prANiyoM meM sulabha hone se, sabake atyanta paricita hone se evaM sabake prati AjhAdaka hone ke kArapa sarvaprathama zrRMgAra rasa kA gRhapa kiyA gayA hai| zrRMgAra kA anugAmI hone ke kArapa tatpazcAt hAsya rasa ko rakhA gayA hai| nirapekSa bhAva hone ke kAraNa usa hAsya ke viparIta karUpa ko hAsya ke bAda rakhA gayA hai| tatpazcAt karUpa-rasa kA nimittabhUta tathA arthapradhAna raudrarata kA ullekha huA hai| isa prakAra kAmapradhAna evaM arthapradhAna rasoM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAta kAma aura artha ke dharmamalaka hone ke kAraNa dharmapradhAna vIrarasa ko rakhA gayA hai| vIrarasa kA "bhItoM ko abhaya pradAna karanA" rUpa prayojana hone se isake bAda bhayAnaka rasa kA kathana hai| bhayAnaka rasa ke samAna hI vIbhatsa rasa ke vibhAva hone se bhayAnaka ke pazcAta vIbhatsa rasa ko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo vIrarasa ke dvArA AkSipta hai| vIrarasa ke anta meM adabhuta rasa kI prApti hotI hai, ata : adbhuta rasa kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAta dharma, artha, kAmarUpa trivarga ke sAdhanabhUta pravRtti-dharmoM se viparIta nivRtti dharma - pradhAna mokSa rUpa phala vAlA zAnta rasa hotA hai, ata: usakA gahae kiyA gayA hai| ThIka isI prakAra kA vivecana abhinavabhAratIkAra A, abhinavagupta ne zrI AcArya hemacandra se pUrva / * kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/2 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/2 vRtti

Page #155
143 kiyA hai| ___ AcArya hemacandrAnusAra ye nau rata paraspara eka dUsare se sambaddha haiN| ataH AdratA rUpa sthAyibhAva vAle sneha ko rasa mAnanA unakI dRSTi meM asaMgata hai kyoMki usakA ratyAdi bhAvoM meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra yuvakoM kA mitra ke prati sneha rati meM, lakSmapAdi kA bhAI ke prati sneha dharmavIra meM aura bAlakoM kA mAtA-pitA Adi ke pati sneha kA bhayAnaka - rasa meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra tuda kA putrAdi ke prati sneha ke viSaya meM samajhanA cAhie tathA gaMdha sthAyibhAva vAle laulya rasa kA hAsa, rati athavA anyatra antarbhAva samjhanA caahie| isI prakAra bhaktirasa kA antarbhAva bhI anya rasoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. tatra kAmasya sakalajAtisalamatayAtyantaparicitatvena sarvAna pratiyateti pUrva shrRNgaarH| tadanugAmI ca hAsyaH / nirapekSabhAvatvAt tApirItastataH kruupH| tatastannimita raudrH| sa caarthprdhaanH| tataH kAmArthayodharmamalatvAda viirH| sa hi dhrmprdhaanH| tasya ca miitaamypdaansaartvaat| tadanantaraM bhyaank:| tadvibhAvasAdhAraNyasambhAvanAta tato vIbhatsa iti| vIratya paryante'da- . bhtH| yadIrepA kSipta phlamityanantaraM tadapAdAnama / ... tatastrivargAtmakapravRttidharmaviparIta - nivRtti dharmAtmako mokSaphla: shaanti| - abhinavabhAratI, pR. 432 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/2 vRtti

Page #156
144 ukta kathana se ye pratIta hotA hai ki kucha loga sneha, laulya evaM bhakti rasa ko bhI svIkAra karate the, kintu ina rasoM ko alaga se svIkAra karanA hemacandra ko mAnya nhiiN| ataH unhoMne ukta rasoM kA khaMDana karake aMgArAdi ratoM meM hI unakA antarbhAva kiyA hai| AcArya rAmacandra gupacandra ne nau ratoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|' unhoMne zrRMgArAdi rasoM ko usI krama se prastuta kiyA hai, jo krama hemacandra ne apanAyA hai tathA inake rakhane meM bhI vahI hetu prastuta kie haiM, jinheM hemacandra ne svIkAra kiyA hai| isake atirigata AcArya rAmacandra-guNacandra kA kathana hai ki zrRMgArAdi nau rasa vizeSa rUpa se manoraMjaka evaM puruSArthoM meM upayogI hone se pUrvavartA AcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa kiye gaye hai kintu inase bhinna aura rata bhI ho sakate haiN| jaise tRSNA (lAlaca)rUpa sthAyibhAvavAlA laulya, ArdratArUpa sthAyibhAva vAlA sneha, Asakti rUpa syA yibhAvavAlA vyasana, arati rUpa sthAyibhAva vAlA duHsa aura saMtoSa rUpa sthAyibhAvavAlA sukha - ityAdi anya rasa bhI ho sakate haiN| kucha loga inhaiM rasa to mAnate haiM, kiMtu antarbhAva pUrvokta nau ratoM meM hI kara lete haiN| 1. hindI nATyadarpapa 3/2 2. vahI 3/9vRtti 3. vahI, 3/1, vRtti

Page #157
145 AcArya narendraprabhatari ne zrRMgArAdi nau ratoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai|' inhoMne rasakama meM AcArya hemacandra kA hI anukarapa kiyA hai tathA apane isa krama ko apanAne ke liye unhoMne jo hetu prastuta kie haiM ve hemacandrasammata hI haiN| unhoMne ArdratA rUpa sthAyibhAva vAle snehAdi sabhI rasoM kA ratyAdi ( zrRMgArAdi) rato meM hI antarbhAva kiyA hai| unheM zAntarasa kI sthiti nATya meM bhI svIkAra thI, aitA unake 'navanATye rasA amI 'kathana te spaSTa hotA hai| AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne bhI zrRMgAra, hAsya, karUpa, raudra, vIra bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa, adbhuta evaM zAnta - ye nava rasa svIkAra kiye haiN| jinakA krama hemacandra sammata hI haiN| AcArya bhAvadevasari ne yamapi nau rasoM kI gapanA spaSTa rUpa se nahIM kI hai tathApi unake dvArA pratipAdita nau vibhAvoM kI gaNanA se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki unheM nau rasa- meda hI mAnya hai| 1. zrRMgAra-hAsya karUpA raudr-viir-bhyaankaaH| vIbhatsAha tazAntAca nava nATye rasA amii|| ___ - alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/13 2. vahI 3/13 vRtti / OM kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa, pR. 53 +. kAvyAlaMkArasAra.8/3

Page #158
146 uparyukta vivecana se ye spaSTa hotA haida ki jainAcArya vAgbhaTaprathama, hemacandra, rAmacandra-gupacandra, narendraprabhatari, vAgbhaTa dvitIya va bhAvadevatari nau rasa - medoM ke samarthaka haiN| hemacandra, rAmacandra-gupacandra va narendraprabhasari ne rasa - krama - nirUpapa meM ve hI hetu svIkAra kie haiM jo abhinavagupta ko mAnya the| narendraprabhasari ne spaSTa rUpa se zAnta rasa kI sthiti nAdaya meM svIkAra kI hai| isa prakAra jainAcAryoM dvArA kiyA gayA rasa-bheda vivecana bharataparamparA kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI anUThA hai| zrRMgArAdi ATha yA nau ratoM ko sabhI AcArya svIkAra karate haiM, jo isa prakAra hai - zrRMgAra rasa - aMgAra rasa kA sthAyibhAva rati hai| AcArya bharatAnusAra ye uttama prakRti vAle nAyaka-nAyikA meM hotA hai| isake do bheda haiM - saMbhoga zrRMgAra va vipralambha shrRNgaar| saMbhoga - zrRMgAra, Rtu, mAlA, anulepana, alaMkAra dhArapa, iSTajana, sAmIpya, viSaya, sundara bhavana kA upabhoga, vanAgamana tathA anubhava karane, sunane, priya ke dekhne tathA kIDA aura lIlAdi vibhAvoM se utpanna hotA hai| kintu jaba nAyaka-nAyikA eka dUsare se vidyur3akara duHkhAnubhati karate haiM taba vipralambha zrRMgArakI apatti hotI hai| * nATyazAstra, 6/45

Page #159
147 AcArya dhanaMjaya ne aMgAra ke tIna bheda kie haiM - - a yoga, viprayoga tathA saMyogA' mammaTa ne zrRMgAra rasa ke bharata-sammata hI ukta do bheda karake saMyoga - zrRMgAra ke paraspara avalokana, AliMgana, adharapAna, cambanAdi ananta bheda hone se agapanIya eka hI bheda ginA hai tathA vipralaMbha zrRMgAra ke abhilASa, viraha, IyA, pravAsa aura zApa ke kArapa 5 bheda mAne haiN| jainAcArya vAgbhaTa - prathama ke anusAra - strI aura purUSa kA paraspara prema bhAva zrRMgAra hai| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai- saMyoga aura viprlm| strI - puruSa kA milana saMyoga zrRMgAra hai aura unakA viyoga vipalamma zrRMgAra hai| punaH zrRMgAra ke do bheda unhoMne aura kie haiM- pracchanna tathA prktt|| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra (avya kApya meM) sune jAte hue athavA nATya abhinaya Adi meM) dekhe jAte hue Alambana evaM uddIpana rUpa strI-purUSa evaM paraspara unake upayogI mAlya, Rtu, zala, nagara, mahala, nadI, candra, pavana, udyAna, bAvar3I, jala evaM krIDA ityAdi vibhAva vAlI evaM juguptA, Alasya tathA ugratA se rahita anya (samasta tIsa) vyabhicAri bhAva vAlI, sthira anurAga vAle evaM saMbhoga sukha kI icchA vAle tarUpa kAmI evaM kAminI kI paraspara vibhA vikA banI huI tathA una donoM (tarUpa evaM tarUpI)meM eka 1. hindI dazarUpaka, pR, 268 / kAvyaprakAza, pR. 121-123 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra - 5/5-6

Page #160
148 rUpa se prAraMbha (paraspara anurAga) se lekara phala (saMbhoga ) paryanta vyApta rahane vAlI alaukika sukha pradAna karane vAlI AzAbandhAtmikA ratirUpa jo sthAyI bhAva hai, vahI caryamApa hotA huA zRMgAra rasa kahalAtA hai|' saMkSepa meM - kAmI yugala meM eka rUpa se vyApta rahane vAlA, AsvApamAna hotA huA ratirUpa sthAyIbhAva hI zrRMgAra rasa hai| isa rati ke strI, purUSa mAlyAdi vibhAva hote haiM tathA juguptA, Alatya evaM ugatA ko chor3akara anya sabhI tIsa vyabhicArIbhAva ho sakate haiN| zrRMgAra rasa kI do avasthAeM haiM- saMbhoga evaM vipralambhA AcArya hemacandra kI dhArapA hai ki saMbhoga aura vipralambha ye zrRMgAra ke do bheda nahIM hai apitu zAbaleya (citakabarA) va bAhuleya ( kAlA)golva kI bhAMti zrRMgAra kI do prakAra kI dazA hI haiN| donoM ke sAtha zrRMgAra usI taraha prayukta hotA hai, jete - gAma ke eka deza ko bhI gAma kahA jAtA hai| unakA kathana hai ki vipralambha meM bhI avicchinnarUpa se saMbhoga kI kAmanA rahatI hai| nirAza ho jAne para to karUpa rasa hI hogA, vipralambha nhiiN| saMbhoga zrRMgAra meM bhI yadi vi raha kI AzaMkA nahIM hogI to priyajana ke nirantara anakala rahane para anAdara hI hogA; kyoMki kAma kI gati vAma hotI hai| jaisA ki bharatamuni ne kahA hai -"pratikUla viSaya ke prati jo utkaTa abhilASA hotI hai, tathA usase jo nivAraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura jo nArI kI durlabhatA hotI hai 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 108

Page #161
149 vaha kAmI kI gAda rati hai|' arthAta rati kA paripoSa nirantara kAmanA ke bane rahane para hI saMbhava hai| isalie donoM dazAoM - saMbhoga va vipalaMbha ke milana meM hI zrRMgArarasa kA atizaya camatkAra hai| jaise - "ekatmin zAyane. ityaadi| yahA~ para IA vipalambha evaM sambhoga ke sammilana te dampati ke vibhAva, anabhAva va vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke dvArA atizaya rasa kI anubhati hotI hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra sukhamaya dhRti Adi vyabhicAribhAvoM va romAMcAdi anubhAvoM vAlA saMbhoga zrRMgAra hai|* lajjA ityAdi ke dvArA niSiddha hote hue bhI iSTa jo priya darzana Adi hai, ve hI kAmIyugala ke dvArA jahA~ samyakpepa bhoge jAte haiM, use hI saMbhoga kahate haiM, aura yaha sukhamaya hotA hai| dhRti Adi vyabhicAribhAva hote haiN| romAMca, sveda, kampa, azru, mekhalA - skhalana, zvasita, vikSoma, kezAbandhana, vastra-saMyamana, vastrAbharapa, mAlyAdi ke vicitra prakAra se samyak niderzana meM kSapika cATukArI Adi vA cika, kAyika va mAnasika vyApAra ke lakSaNa vAlA anubhAva hotA hai| isa prakAra isake paraspara avalokana, AliMgana va cumbana Adi ananta 1. yadvAmAbhinivezitvaM yatazca vinivaaryt| darlamatvaMca yannAryAH kAminaH sA parA rtiH||| nA.zA.a. 22 zloka 193, ni. sA. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 108 se utta kAvyAna. pU. 108 3 vahI, pR. 108-109 para vahI, pR. 109

Page #162
1 bheda hote haiN| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne AcArya mammaTa 2 kI bhAMti anaMta bheda saMbhava mAne haiM tathA dRSTAnta rUpa meM "dRSTvaikAsanasaMgate... 3. ityAdi zloka ko prastuta kiyA hai jisameM nAyikA ke cumbana kA varNana hone se saMbhoga zrRMgAra kI abhivyakti ho rahI hai| vipralaMbha zrRMgAra kA lakSaNa dete hue hemacandra likhate haiM - zaMkAdi vyabhicAribhAvoM va saMtApAdi anubhAvoM vAlA vipralaMbha aMgAra hai| 4 unake anusAra sambhogajanya sukhAsvAda ke lobha se vyakti isameM vizeSa rUpa se ThagA jAtA hai, isaliye ise vipralambha kahate haiN| 5 vipralambha zrRMgAra meM zaMkA, autsukya, mada, glAni, nidrA, supta, prabodha, cintA, asUyA, zrama, nirveda, maraNa, unmAda, jar3atA, vyAdhi, svapna evaM apasmAra Adi vyabhicAribhAva hote haiN| aura saMtApa, jAgaraNa kRzatA, pralApa, kSINatA, netra evaM vApI kI vakratA, dIna saMcaraNa, anukaraNa, kRti, lekha - lekhana, vAcana, svabhAva nihnava, vArtA, prazna, sneha - nivedana, 1. sa ca parasparAvalokanA liMganacumbana pAnAdyanantabhedaH / vahI, pR. 109 2. 3. 150 m tatrAyaH parasparAvalokanA liMganA dharapAnaparicumbanAdyanantabhedatvAdaparicchedya ityeka eva gaNyate / kAvyaprakAza, vRtti, 121 pR0 kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 110 vahI, pR. 110 5. saMbhogasukhAbhvAdalobhena vizeSiSa palabhyate ( AtmA'treti vipralaMbhaH / vahI, pR. 110

Page #163
151 sAttvika, anumAna, zIta - sevana, bharapoyama tathA saMdeza Adi anubhAva hote haiN|' yaha vipalaMbha zrRMgAra tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - (1) abhilASa vipralambha, (2) mAna vipralaMbha evaM (3) pravAsa viprlNbh| A. hemacandra kA kathana hai ki uparyukta tIna prakAra ke vipralambha ke atirikta aura koI vipralambha nahIM hotA hai| yadi koI karUNa vipralambha ko vipralambha zrRMgAra ke antargata mAna letA hai to yaha anucita hai kyoMki karUpavipralaMbha to vAstava meM karUpa hI hai| udAharapArtha- "hRdaye vasatI ti.... ityAdi karUNa vipalambha kA udAharapa hai jisase vAstava meM karUpa rata kI hI pratIti ho rahI hai| / abhilASa vipralambha do prakAra kA hotA hai - devadaza viplNbh| isakA udAharapa - "zailAtmanA pi..:' ityAdi AcArya ne diyA hai| isameM vipalamma devavazAta huA hai| dvitIya bheda hai - pAravazya viprlmbh| jisakA udAharapa "smaranavanadIpUrepoTA.... ityAdi padya hai| 1. vahI, pR. / / / 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. / / / 3 vahI, pR. / / / vahI, pR, / / / - vahI, pU, 11-112

Page #164
152 328 mAna vipalaMma bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- (1) prapaya-janya mAna aura(2) IAjanya maan|| premapUrvaka vazIkarapa ko prapaya kahate haiM arthAta prema kA paripakva rUpa hI prapaya hai aura usa prapaya ke bhaMga ho jAne para jo mAna hotA hai, vaha prapayamAna kahalAtA hai| yaha prapayamAna strI (nAyikA) kA bhI ho sakatA hai, purUSa ( nAyaka) kA bhI ho sakatA hai aura strI-puruSa donoM kA bhI ho sakatA hai| udAharapArtha - "prapayakupitA..." ityAdi papa nAyikA ke prapayamAna kA, "asminneva latAgRhe.... ityAdi nAyaka ke praphyamAna kA evaM "papayakuviyApha..5. ityAdi padha ubhayagata prapayamAna kA udAharapa hai| ___IAmAna kevala nAyikAgata hI hotA hai| "saMdhyAM yatprapipatya.. ityAdi isakA udAharapa hai| 14 pravAsa vipralambha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-( ka ) kAryavaza vipralambha (kha) zApavaMza vipralambha, (ga) saMbhamavaza vipalambhAra - - --- - 1. vahI, pR. 112 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 112 pra vahI, pR, 112 + vahI, pR. 12 5. vahI. pR. 112 vahI. pu. // 3 __ vahI. pa. / / 3

Page #165
8 ka 8 1 kha 1 ga kAryavaza vipralambha lie pravAsa (dUsare sthAna para jAtA hai, aisI dazA meM hone vAle vipralambha ko kAryavaza vipralambha kahate haiM / yathA "yAte dvAravatI -" ityAdi padya meM kisI kAryavaza zrIkRSNa ke dvArikA cale jAne para rAdhA kA viraha varNita huA hai| 3. - zApavarza vipralambha zApa ke kAraNa dIrghakAla taka priyatama ke pravAsa rahane se utpanna virahAvasthA ko zApavaza vipralambha kahate haiN| isake liye hemacandra ne kAlidAsakRta meghadUta kAvya ko hI udAharaNa banAyA hai| 2 - jaba kisI kAryavaza priyatama dIrghakAla ke - I. vahI, pR. 113 2. vahI, pR. 113 vahI, pR. 113 saMbhramavaza vipralambha - viplavavaza hone vAlI vyAkulatA ko saMbhrama kahate haiM yathA * kimapi kimapi 3. ityAdi padya meM makaranda ke 153 yuddha maiM sahAyatArtha gaye hue mAdhava kI vihvalatA varpita hai| sodAharaNa vistArapUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne vipralaMbha zrRMgAra ke bheda - prabhedoM kA

Page #166
154 AcArya rAmacandra- gupacandra ke anusAra sambhoga va vipralaMbhAtmaka do prakAra kA zrRMgAra rasa hotA hai| unameM se prathama arthAta saMbhoga zrRMgAra ananta prakAra kA hotA hai evaM vipalambha zrRMgAra -(1) mAna, (2) pravAsa, (3) zApa, (4) IrSyA tathA (5) viraharUpa pAca prakAra kA hotA hai|' Age ve likhate haiM eka dUsare ke anukUla par3ane vAle tathA eka dUsare ko prema karane vAle (strI-purUSa rUpa) do vilAsiyoM kA jo paraspara darzana, sparzana Adi hai vaha saMbhoga zRMgAra kahalAtA hai| paraspara anurakta hone para mI paratantratA Adi ke kArapa donoM vilAsiyoM kA paraspara milana na ho sakanA athavA citta kA vilaga ho jAnA vipralaMbha zrRMgAra hai| saMbhoga meM bhI vipralaMbha kI saMbhAvanA bane rahane aura vipalamma meM bhI mana meM saMbhoga kA icchAtmaka sambandha vidyamAna rahane se zRMgArarasa ubhayAtmaka hotA hai| kintu kisI eka aMza kI pradhAnatA ke kArapa saMbhoga bhaMgAra vipalamma magAra kahA jAtA hai| donoM avasthAoM ke sammizrapa kA varNana hone para vizeSa camatkAra hotA hai| jaise - "ekasmina zayane" ityAdi kyA isameM IrSyA vipralambha tathA 1. sambhoga - vipalammAtmA aMgAraH prathamobahuH / mAna-pravAsa-zApecchA-virahai: pNcdhaa'prH| hi. nATyadarpapa, 3/10 2. hi. nATyadarpapa, pR. 306 3 hi. nATyadarpapa, pR. 306 5. hindI nATyadarpapa, pR. 107 5 vahI, pR. 107

Page #167
155 saMbhoga donoM kI eka sAtha mizrita rUpa meM vibhAvAdi ke kArapa atyanta camatkArayukta pratIti hotI hai| ___ isI prakAra "kimapi kimapi mandaM ityAdi pana meM saMbhoga aMgAra ke aneka rUpoM kA pradarzana kiyA gayA hai| vipralaMma aMgAra ke 5 medoM meM se IrSyA athavA prapaya-kalaha ke kAraNa hone vAlA vaimanasya mAna kahalAtA hai| yathA "yAte dAravatI ityAdi pgh| samIpastha rahane vAle kA bhI anya rUpa karA denA "zApa" kahalAtA hai| jaise "kAdambarI' meM mahAzvetA ke dvArA vaizampAyana ko zuka banA denaa| mAtA-pitA Adi ke parataMtra hone ke kArapa isa samaya jina do premiyoM kA milana nahIM ho pA rahA hai kintu Age jinakA prathama milana hone vAlA hai unakI paraspara milana kI icchA abhilASa kahalAtI hai| usake kArapa do premiyoM kA jo milana kA abhAva hai vaha abhilASajanya vipalamma kahalAtA hai| jaise - "udvaccho piyai. ityAdi pdh| jinakA sammilana pahale ho cukA hai isa prakAra ke premiyoM kA mAtApitA Adi ke pratibandha ke binA bhI anya kAryo ke kArapa paraspara milana na ho sakanA viraha kahalAtA hai| jaise - "anyatra bajatIti kA khalu ityAdi pdh| 1. vahI, pR. 107 2. vahI, pR. 107-8 3- hindI nATyadarpaNa, 308 vahI, pu, 308 5 vahI, pR. 309

Page #168
saMbhoga tathA vipralambha rUpa donoM prakAra ke zrRMgAra ke vibhAva tathA anubhAvoM kA varNana karate rAmacandra gupacandra likhate haiM ki zRMgAra rasa meM nAyaka nAyikA Alambana vibhAva tathA kAvya, gIta, basanta candrodaya, udyAnAdi, uddIpana vibhAva hote haiN| paraspara nayana vadana, prasAda - sthiti, manojJaaMgavikArAdi anubhAva hote haiM aura utsAha, santApAzrupAta, manyu, glAni, cintA harSAdi saMcArI ( vyabhicAri) bhAva hote haiN| saMyoga zrRMgAra meM jo tApAzru, IrSyA, glAni Adi saMcArI bhAva hote haiM vahI vipralambha meM anubhAva hote haiN|| vipralambha zrRMgAra meM Alasya, ugratA aura juguptA 2 ko chor3akara nirvedAdi duHkhamaya padArtha bhI saMcArI bhAva hote haiN| -- AcArya narendraprabhari ne sarvaprathama zrRMgAra ke do bheda kie haiM saMbhoga aura vipralambha | punaH saMbhoga ke paraspara avalokana, AliMgana, cumbana Adi ananta bheda mAne haiN| 3 vipralambha ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiN| spRhA, zApa, viyoga, IrSyA aura pravAsajanya / " A. narendraprabhasUri ne yadyapi saMbhoga zrRMgAra ke ananta bheda mAne haiM tathApi pA~ca prakAra ke vipalambha ke pazcAt hone vAle saMbhoga ke kAraNa saMbhoga - zrRMgAra bhI pA~ca prakAra kA mAnA hai spRhAnantara, zApAnantara, viyogAnantara, IrSyAnantara evaM pravArAntara / ' 1. hi nATyadarpaNa, 3/11 evaM vivaraNa 2. hi. nATyadarpaNa, 3 / 11 evaM vivaraNa 3. sa ca parasparAvalokanA liMgana alaMkAramahodadhi - 3/15 kI vRtti alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/16 4. 5. vahI, 3/16 vRtti / 156 - cumbana - pAnAdyanantabhedaH / - --

Page #169
157 narendapabhasari ne A.hemacandra kI taraha karUpa - vipalamma ko karUpa rata hI mAnA hai|' A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne hemacandra ke samAna hI zrRMgAra - rasa - bheda vivecana kiyA hai| dono meM antara mAtra itanA hai ki vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne pravAsa ke - kAryahatuka, zApa-hetuka, daivavazAta evaM paravazAla ye cAra bheda mAne haiM jabaki hemacandra ne pravAsa ke tIna bheda kie haiM -- kAryahatuka, zApa-hetuka tathA sNbhm| ina jainAcAryo dvArA kiyA gayA zrRMgAra rasa vivecana prAya: bharataparamparA kA anusarapa karate hue bhI A. hemacandra va narendraprabhasari dvArA karUpavipralambha ko karUpa-rasa svIkAra karanA unakI navInatA kA paricAyaka hai| hAsya rasa : hAsya rasa kA sthAyibhAva hAsa hai| AcArya bharata ne vikRta veSa, alaMkArAdi vibhAvoM se isakI utpatti mAnI hai| unake anusAra hAsya chaH prakAra kA hotA hai - smita, hasti, vidRsita, upahasita, apahasita aura atihsit| prathama do prakAra kA hAsya uttama puruSoM meM, madhyama do prakAra kA hAsya madhyama purUSo meM tathA antima do prakAra kA hAsya adhama puruSoM - - - - - - - - 1. vahI, 3/16 vRtti / 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 53-54 - vahI, pR. 54 + nATyazAstra, 6/48, pR. 74

Page #170
158 meM pAyA jAtA hai|' yaha Atmanya va parastha bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| jaba kisI bhI vastu ke darzanAdi se svayaM hatatA hai taba Atmastha kahalAtA hai aura jaba dUsare ko haMsAtA hai, taba vaha parastha kahalAtA hai| A. vAgbhaTa prathama ke anusAra prAyaH ceSTA, aMga aura veSaja nita vikAra se hAsya kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha uttama, madhyama va adhama / prakRti bheda se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| sajjanoM arthAta uttama vyaktiyoM ke hAsya meM mAtra netra tathA kapola praphullita ho uThate haiM para unake oSTha banda rahate haiN| madhyama zreNI ke vyaktiyoM ke hAtya meM mukha khula jAtA hai aura adhamajanoM kA hAsya zabdayukta hotA hai| A. hemacandra ke anusAra vikRta veSAdi vibhAva vAlA, nAsA spandana Adi anubhAva vAlA tathA nidrAdi vyabhicAra bhAva vAlA hAta nAmaka sthAyibhAva abhivyakta hone para hAsya rasa kahalAtA hai| deza, kAla, vaya aura varNa ke viparIta kezabandhAdi vikRta veza kahalAtA hai| Adi zabda se nartana anya gati Adi kA anukarapa, asatpralApa, bhUSapa Adi vibhAva / . vahI, 6 - 52 - 53 2. nATyazAstra, 6/48, pR. 74 3 ceSTAMgaveSavaikRtyAdacyo hAsyasya codvH| vAgbhaTAlaMkAra 5/23 + vahI, 5/24 5. vikRtaveSAdivibhAvo nAtAspandanAyanubhAvo nidrAdivyabhicArI hAso hAsyaH! kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/9

Page #171
- nAsA, oSTha, kapola * spandana, dRSTi-vyAkoza, AkuMcana svedAsyarAga, pArzvagrahaNAdi anubhAva tathA nidrA, avahitthA, trapA, AlasyAdi vyabhicAribhAva kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne hAsya ko Atmastha va parastha do prakAra kA mAnA hai| 2 punaH Atmastha hAsya rasa smita, vihasita va apahasita bheda se tIna prakAra kA batAyA hai jo kramazaH uttama, madhyama va adhama prakRti meM pAyA jAtA hai| 3 unhoMne smitAdi ke lakSaNa hetu bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra kI kArikAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| 4 1. 2. parastha hAsya, unake anusAra smitAdi kI saMkrAnta avasthA hai| isake bhI tIna bheda haiM harita, apahasita va atiihasita' yaha bhI kramazaH uttama, madhyama va adhama prakRtiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai|' ukta hatitAdi ke lakSaNa ke lie bhI hemacandra ne bharata kArikAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| 7 - 4. 5. 6. 7. vahI, 2/ 9 kI vRtti / sa cAtmastha: parasthazca / kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 114 3. uttamamadhyAmA dhameSu sthita vihasitApahasitai : sa AtmasthastredhA / vahI, 2/10 - vahI, pR. 114 vahI, pR. 114 159 vahI, pR. 114 hi. nATyadarpaNaM, 3/12 evaM vivaraNa

Page #172
160 rAmacandra-gupacandra kA kathana hai ki vikRta AkAra, veza - bhaSA di, AcAra - avasthA vizeSa se aura vikRta - vAgAdi ceSTA vizeSa se aura vikRta aMgoM ke vikRta vezabhUSAdi ke vismayotpAdaka dhRSTatA va laulyabhAvAdi se tathA gIvA, karpa, DA, mIsA di kI vikRta keTA vizeSa ina svagata tathA paragata bhAvoM te hAta sthAyika hAsya-rasa vyakta hotA hai| isameM nAsikA, gaNDa, oSThAdikoM kA spandana, AkuMcana prasArapAdi, anu, netra vikAra, jaraThagaha, pAparvapradeza kA tADanAdi anubhAva hote haiM aura avahityA, harSotsAha, vismayAdi vyabhicAribhAva hote haiN|' hAtya ke smita, dRsita, vihasti, upahatita apahasita aura atihasita ye cha: bheda hote haiN| uttama puruSoM ke smita tathA hatita, madhyamoM ke vihasita tathA upahasita tathA adhamoM ke apahatita tathA atihasita hAsya hote haiN| rAmacandra-gupacandra kA kyana hai ki yaha hAsya rata adhikatara adhama prakRti meM hI dekhA jAtA hai| manuSyoM meM apane varga kI apekSA striyoM meM aura puruSoM meM apane varga kI apedhA adhama prakRti meM yaha adhikatara pAyA jAtA hai| kyoMki inhIM meM ye karUpa, vimatsa, bhayAnakA di rasa va adhikatara zoka, hAta, bhaya, paranindAdi dekhe jAte haiM aura thor3I sI vicitra bAta meM unheM kAphI vismaya ho jAtA hai| 1. hindI nATyadarpapa, 3/12 evaM vivaraNa 2. hindI nATyadarpapa, 3/13 evaM vivaraNa 3. hindI nATyadarpapa, vivarapa pR. 312

Page #173
A. narendraprabhasUri ne bhI vikRta vaiSAdi, nAsAspandana Adi se hAsya rasa kI utpatti mAnI hai| unake anusAra nidrA, avahittha, trapA, AlasyAdi isake vyabhicArI bhAva hote haiN| yaha Atmastha va parastha bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne hAsya ke tIna bheda kie haiMsmita, vihasita va apahasita jo kramazaH uttama, madhyama va adhama prakRti meM pAyA jAtA hai| 2 uparyukta vivecana se ye spaSTa hotA hai ki ina jainAcAryoM ne hAsya rasa kI utpatti vikRta veSAdi se hI svIkAra kI hai tathA hAsya ke bheda bhI vahI svIkAra kie haiM jo anyAcAryoM dvArA mAnya haiN| 161 karUNa rasa : karuNa rasa kA sthAyibhAva zoka hai| iSTa vastu ke nAza athavA aniSTa kI prApti hone para isa karuNa rasa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| AcArya bharata ne zApa, kleza, vinipAta, iSTajana-viyoga, vibhAva-nAza, vadha, bandha, vidrava, upaghAta aura vyasana Adi vibhAvoM se karUpa rasa kI utpati mAnI hai| 3 - jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne zoka se utpanna rasa ko karUNa kahA hai| jisameM pRthvI para giranA, rUdana, pIlApana, mUrcchA, vairAgya, pralApa aura azruoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| 4 1. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3 / 17 evaM vRtti 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa - pR. 55 3. nATyazAstra, 6/61, pR. 75 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, pa / 22 4.

Page #174
162 hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra iSTavinAza Adi vibhAva vAlA, devopAlamma Adi anubhAva tathA nirveda-glAni Adi duHsamaya vyabhicAribhAva vAlA zoka nAmaka sthAyibhAva carvapIyatA ko prApta hone para karUpa rapta kahalAtA hai| Adi pada se iSTaviyoga,aniSTa saMpayoga, vibhAva, devopAlambha, niHzvAsatA, navamusazoSapa, svarabheda, azrupAta, vaivarNya, pralaya, stambha, kampa, bhaluNThana, aMgoM kA DhIlA par3a jAtA tathA Akrandana Adi anubhAva tathA nirveda, glAni, cintA, autsukya, moha, zrama, trAsa, viSAda, dainya, vyAdhi jar3atA, unmAda, apasmAra, Alasya, bharapa prabhRti duHkhamaya ye vyabhicAribhAva haiN| 2 karUparata ke udAharapa rUpa meM unhoMne kumArasaMbhava kA "ayi jIvitanAtha'.... " ityAdi loka prastuta kiyA hai| rAmacandragupacandra ke anusAra - mRtyu - baMdhana - dhana zAdi iSTa vastu ke nAza tathA zApa - divya prabhAva vAloM kA Akroza vizeSa aura vyasana - anAdi jo aniSTa kI prApti hai| ina vibhAvoM se utpanna hone vAlA - zoka sthAyika karUpa rasa hotA hai| isameM vASpa, a, 1. iSTanAzA divibhAvo devopAlambhAunubhAvo duHkhamaya vyabhicArI zoka :kruupH|| ___kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/12 2. vahI, vRtti , pR. / / 6 3. vahI, pR. / / 6

Page #175
vivarNatA, nizvAsa, gAtra zithilatAdi anubhAva hote haiN| nirveda glAni, cintAdi vyabhicArI bhAva hote haiM / / A. narendraprabhasUri bhI iSTa-nAza, aniSTa saMyogAdi se utpanna daivopAlambha, niHzvAsa, azrukandanAdi anubhAvoM, nirveda-glAni, daityAdi vyabhicAribhAvoM se yukta zoka rUpa sthAyibhAva vAlA karUNa rasa mAnate haiN| 2 163 A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne AcArya hemacandra ke samAna hI karUNa rasa kA vivecana kiyA hai jisameM karuNa rasa ke vibhAva, anubhAva va vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA ullekha karate hue usake sthAyibhAva para prakAza DAlA hai| 3 raudra rasa : raudrarasa kA sthAyibhAva krodha hai| zatru dvArA kiye gaye apakAra te isakI utpatti hotI hai| AcArya bharata ise rAkSasa, dAnava aura uduta puruSoM ke Azrita mAnate haiN| yaha rasa krodha, gharSaNa, adhikSepa, apamAna, jhUTha bacana, kaThora vANI, droha va mAtsarya Adi vibhAvoM se utpanna hotA hai| 4 - jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ke anusAra zatru dvArA tiraskRta hone para raudra rama utpanna hotA hai|' isakA nAyaka bhISaNa svabhAvavAlA, ugra aura krodhI hotA hai| apane kandhe ko pITanA, AtmazlAghA, astrAdi kA pheMkanA, 1. hi. nATyadarpaNa, 3/14 va vivaraNa 2. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/18 va vRtti 30 kAvyAnuzAsana vAgbhaTa, pR. 55 40 nATyazAstra, 6/63, pR. 75 5. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/29-30 -

Page #176
bhrukuTi car3hAnA, zatruoM kI nindA tathA maryAdA kA ullaMghana ye usake anubhAva haiN| hemacandra ne strI harapa, Adi vibhAva, netroM kI lAlimA Adi anubhAva aura ugratAdi vyabhicAribhAvoM se yukta krodharUpa sthAyibhAva vAlA raudra rasa kahA hai|' Adi pada se striyoM kA apamAna, deza, jAti, abhijana, vidyA, karma, nindA, asatyavacana, svabhRtya adhikSepa, upahAsa, vAkyapArUSya, droha, mAtsarya Adi vibhAva, nayanarAga, bhRkuTIkaraNa, dantoSpIDana, gaNDasphuraNa, hAthoM ko ragar3anA, mAranA, do Tukar3e kara denA (pATana), pIDana, praharaNa, AharaNa, zastrasaMpAta, rUdhira nikAla denA, chedana Adi anubhAva tathA ugratA, Avega, utsAha, vibodha, amarSa va capalatA Adi vyabhicAribhAvoM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| 2 164 - zatru ke prati zastrAdi vyApAra, asatya, badha, bandha, vAkpAruSyAdi aura paraguNoM ke asUyA asahanajanya mAtsarya - vizeSa, vidyA, karma, deza, jAtyAdi kI nindA va apanIti Adi vibhAvoM se krodha sthAyika raudra rasa hotA hai| isakA abhinaya apane hI dAMtoM te oSThoM ko kATane, bhujAoM ko Thokane, cIraphAr3a karane, zastra prahAra karane, mastaka, bhujA, kabandha aura kandhoM ko hilAne, mArane, pITane, Tukar3e kara DAlane, rakta nikAlane, bhauMheM car3hAne, hAtha malane Adi anubhAvoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| ugatA, 1 2. 1. dArApahArAdivibhAvo nayanarAgAdyanubhAva aug2ayAdi vyabhicArI krodho raudraH kAvyAnuzAsana, 2 / 13 vahI, vRtti, pR. 116

Page #177
165 amarSa, romAMca, vepathu, sveda, capalatA, moha, Avega, kampanA di isake vyabhicArI bhAva hote haiN| narendraprabhasari A. hemacandra ke samAna rodra rasa kA varNana karate . likhate haiM ki strI-harapAdi vibhAda, netra lAlimA Adi anubhAva, ugatA Adi vyabhicArI bhAvoM se yukta kodha rUpa sthAyibhAva vAlA raudra rasa hotA hai| ___ vAgbhaTa dvitIya kA raudra rata vivecana hemacandra kA anugAmI isa prakAra raudrarasa sambandhI vivecana meM sabhI AcAryoM meM sAmya draSTigata hotA hai| vIra - rasa : vIrarasa kA sthAyibhAva utsAha hai| AcArya bharata ne utsAha nAmaka sthAyibhAva ko uttama prakRtistha mAnA hai| unake anusAra vIra rasa kI utpatti aMsamoha, adhyavasAya, nIti, vinaya, atyadhika parAkrama, zakti, pratApa aura prabhAva Adi vibhAvoM se hotI hai| I. hi. nATyadarpapa, 3/15 va vivarapa 2. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/19 3 kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 55 +.' nATyazAstra, 6/66

Page #178
166 vAgbhaTa prayama ke anusAra utsAha nAmaka sthAyibhAva vAlA vIrarasa tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-- dharmavIra, yuddIra va daanviir| unhoMne dI rarata ke nAyaka ko samasta zlAghanIya gupoM se yukta mAnA hai|' A. hemacandra ne vIrarasa kA lakSapa va usake bhedoM kI gaNanA karate hue liyA hai ki naya (nIti) Adi vibhAva vAlA, sthairya (sthiratA) Adi anubhAva vAlA tathA dhRtyAdi vyabhicAri bhAva vAlA utsAha nAmaka sthA yibhAva carvapIyatA ko prApta hone para, dharmavIra, dAnavIra aura yuddhavIra bheda se tIna prakAra kA vIrarasa kahalAtA hai| Adi pada se gAya vibhAvAdi kA pratipAdana karate hue unhoMne vRtti meM pratinAyakavartI naya, vinaya, aMsamoha, adhyavasAya, bala, zakti, pratApa, prabhAva, vikrama, adhikSepa Adi vibhAva, sthairya, dhairya, zaurya, gAMbhIrya, tyAga, vaizAsya Adi anubhAva tathA dhRti, smRti, ugratA, garva, amarSa, mati, Avega, harSa Adi vyabhicAribhAva kI parigaNanA kI hai| naya vinaya Adi kA svarUpa viveka TIkA meM prastuta kiyA hai|' tathA vIrarata ke tIna prakAra ke bhedoM kI puSTi meM nATyazAstra kI kArikA - 'dAnavIraM dharmavIraMyuddhavIraM tathaiva c| rasaM dIramapi prAha baddamA trividhameva hi||' prastuta kI hai| unhoMne tInoM bhedoM kA eka hI udAharaNa"ajitvA sArpavAmurvImamaniSThA...." ityAdi udhata kiyA hai|' 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/21 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/14 - vahI, vRtti , pR. 117 + vahI, TIkA, pR. 117 5 vahI, vRtti , pR. 118

Page #179
167 anta meM ve raudra tathA vIrarasa kA antara bhI spaSTa kara dete haiN|' rAmacandragupacandra kA kathana hai ki parAkrama-zatrumaNDalAdi meM AkramaNa, bala-senA samudAya, nyAya-sAmAdi upAyoM kA samyak prayoga, yaza-sarvatra / zaurya janya khyAti, tattvavinizcaya - yathArtha bAtoM kA yA vIrocita bAtoM kA nirpaya Adi vibhAvoM se utsAha sthAyika vIrarasa utpanna hotA hai| isameM dhairya-dhora saMkTa Ane para bhI avicalita rahanA yA nirbhIka rahanA athavA buddhibala santulana rakhanA, sahAyAnveSaNAdi - anubhAva haiM aura dhRti - mati - garva-smRti, tarka romAMcAdi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| inhoMne vIrarasa ke nizcita bheda nahIM mAne haiM, apitu yuddha, dharma, dAna Adi gupoM tathA pratApAkarSapaM Adi upAdhi bhedoM se isake aneka bheda svIkAra kie haiN|' narensabhari kA vIrarata vivecana A. hemacandra ke samAna hai|' vAgbhaTa dvitIya kA vIrarasa vivecana bhI hemacandra sammata hai| 1. iha cApatyakanimagnatAM svalpasaMtoSa mithyAjJAnaM cApAsya yastattava nirUpo'saMmohAdhyavasAyaH sa eva pradhAnatayotsAhahetu H / raudraM tu . mamatAprAdhAnyAzAstritAnucitayudAdhapIti mohavismayaprAdhAnya miti vivekH| vahI, vRtti , pR. 118 2. hi. nATyadarpapa, 3/16 3. vahI, 3/16 vivaraNa + nyAyAdibodhyaH sthairyaadiheturdhtyaadhupskRt:| utsAho dAna-yudha-dharmabhedo vIrarasaH smRtH|| alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/20 5. kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa, pR. 56

Page #180
bhayAnaka rasa: bhayAnaka rasa kA sthAyibhAva bhaya hai| isakI utpatti bhayAnaka dRzyoM ko dekhane se hotI hai| AcArya bharata ne vikRta dhvani, bhayAnaka prANiyoM ke darzana, siyAra aura ullU ke dvArA trAsa, udvega, zUnya - gRha araNya - praveza, bharaNa, svajanoM ke vadha athavA bandhana ke dekhane sunane yA kathana karane Adi vibhAvoM se usakI utpatti mAnI hai| ' " jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne bhayAnaka vastuoM ke darzana se bhayAnaka rasa kI utpatti mAnI hai| yaha rasa prAyaH striyoM, nIca vyaktiyoM tathA bAlakoM meM varNita kiyA jAtA hai| 2 * 1. nATyazAstra, 6/68 168 - hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra vikRta svara kA zravaNa Adi vibhAva, kara - kampana Adi anubhAva va zaMkAdi vyabhicAribhAva vAlA bhaya nAmaka sthAyibhAva abhivyakta hone para bhayAnaka rasa kahalAtA hai| 3 hemacandra kA yaha kathana bharatamuni se prabhAvita hai| Adi pada se pizAcAdi kA vikRta svara zravaNa, usakA dekhanA, svajanabadha bandhana Adi kA darzana, zravaNa, oNnyagRha, araNyagamana Adi vibhAva, karakampana, caladRSTi nirIkSaNa, hRdaya, pAda spandana, zuSka auSTha, kaNTha, mukhavaivarNya, svarabheda Adi anubhAva tathA zaikA vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/27 - 2. 3. vikRtasvarazravaNAdivibhAvaM karakampAdyanubhAvaM zaMkA divya bhicAri bhayaM bhayAnakaH / / kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/15

Page #181
169 apasmAra, marapa, trAsa, cApala, Avega, dainya, mohAdi vyabhicAribhAva kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| AcArya hemacandra kI mAnyatAnusAra striyoM va nIca prakRti ke logoM meM bhaya svAbhAvika rUpa meM aura uttamaprakRti ke logoM meM kRtaka (banAvaTI) rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai|' AcArya mammaTa ke samAna AcArya hemacandra ne bhI "abhijJAnazAkuntalam" se "gIvAbhaMgA bhirAmaM ... ityAdi paloka uddhata karake bhayAnaka rasa ke udAharapa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA rAmacandra gupacandAnusAra patAkArUpI kIrti se yukta bhISapa-saMgAma, vikRta zabda, pizAcA di kA darzana, gAla, ulUka Adi kA bda, bhaya, ghabarAhaTa, nirjana vana, cora va anya bhaMyakara doSoM ke pravapa darzanAdi vibhAvAdikoM se bhayAnaka rata abhivyakta hotA hai| stambha, kampana va romAMcA di isake anubhAva haiN| mukha va dRSTi vikAra, vaivarNya, mAdi bhI isake anubhAva haiN| zaMkA, moha, dainyAvega, capalatA trAsa Adi isake vyabhicArI bhAva hai| narendraprabhatari kA kathana hai ki kUra-svara avapAdi vibhAva, kampanAdi anubhAva va zaMkAdi vyabhicAra bhAvoM se yukta bhaya nAmaka sthAyibhAva vAlA * kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 118 2. hi. nATyadarpaNa, 3/17 3 hi nATyadarpapa, vivarapa, pu, 315-316

Page #182
bhayAnaka rasa hotA hai|' unakA ye bhayAnaka rasa- vivecana hemacandra te prabhAvita hai| isa prasaMga meM vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne bhI hemacandra sammata vivecana hI prastuta kiyA hai| 2 uparyukta vivecana se ye spaSTa hotA hai ki jainAcAryoM dvArA kiyA gayA bhayAnaka rasa vivecana bharata paramparA kA hI poSaka hai| - - - vIbhatsa rasa : isakA sthAyibhAva jugupsA hai| vIbhatsa dRzyoM ke darzana se isakI utpatti hotI hai / AcArya bharata ne bhayAnaka rasa kI utpatti aya aura apriya padArthoM ko dekhane, aniSTa vastu ke zravaNa, darzana aura parikIrtana Adi vibhAvoM se mAnI hai / 3 170 jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne jugupsA nAmaka sthA vibhAva te isakI utpatti mAnI hai| unake anusAra ahya vastu ke zravaNa athavA darzana isameM vibhAva evaM thUkanA va mukha vikRti Adi isake anubhAva haiN| unakA kathana hai ki ina thUkanA Adi anubhAvoM kA varNana uttama janoM ke sambandha meM nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| 4 1. kampAdikAraNaM karasvarazrutyAdyudaMcitaM bhayaMbhavati zaMkAdivyabhicArI bhayAnakaH / / alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/12 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 56 3. nATyazAstra, 6/72 ho vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/31

Page #183
171 hemacandra ne adha darzanAdi vibhAvavAlI, aMgasaMkoca Adi anabhAva vAlI, apasmAra Adi vyabhicAribhAvavAlI jugupsA, carvapIya dazA ko prApta hone para vImatsa rasa kahalAtI hai| aisA mAnA hai| Adi pada se ulTI, ghAva, pIpa, kRmi - kITAdi kA darzana, zravapa Adi vibhAva, aMgarsakoca, hallAsa, nAsA, mukha-vikUpana, AcchAdana, niSThIvana Adi anubhAva tathA apasmAra ugatA, moha, mada Adi vyabhicAribhAva kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isake udAharaparUpa meM A. hemacandra "ukRtyotkRtya kRttiM.... ityAdi udAharapa prastuta kiyA hai| rAmacandra-gupacandra ne vIbhatsa rasa kI abhivayakti aya, apriya, apavitra evaM aniSTa vastuoM ke darzana, pravapa va udvejana arthAta zarIra ke hilAne Adi rUpa vibhAvoM se hotI hai| apane sabhI aMgoM kA saMkocana, thakanA, mukha phera lenA, nAka dabAnA, Apasa meM anajAne hI pairoM ko paTakanA, A~khoM ko Ter3hA karanA Adi isake anubhAva haiM aura vyAdhi, moha, Avega, apasmA rAdi vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| narendraprabhasari' evaM vAgbhaTa dvitIya' donoM kA vIbhatsa-rata vivecana hemacandra sammata hai| 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/15 2. vahI, vRtti , pR. 119 3 hi. nATyadarpapa, pR. 316 + aramyAlokanAyutyA saMkocAdinibandhanam / vIbhatsA syaajjgpsaa'ptmaaraadivybhicaarinnii|| ___ alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/22 .5 * kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgmaMTa, pR. 56-57

Page #184
172 adabhata rasa : isakA sthAyibhAva vismaya hai jisakI utpatti Azcarya -janaka vastuoM ke darzana se hotI hai| bharatamuni ne isakI utpatti divya vastuoM ke darzana, icchita vastu kI prApti, uttama vana evaM devAlaya meM Ane, vimAna, mAyA, indrajAlAdi ke darzana Adi vibhAvoM se mAnI hai| vAgbhaTa prathama ne vismaya sthAyibhAva vAle adabhUta rasa kI utpatti asaMbhava vastu ke darzana athavA avapa se mAnI hai|2 hemacandra ke anusAra divya-darzanAdi vibhAva vAlA, nayanavistArAdi anubhAvavAlA aura harSA di vyabhicAribhAvavAlA, vismaya nAmaka sthAyibhAva carvaNIyatA kI sthiti ko prApta hone para adbhuta rasa kahalAnA hai|' Adi pada se divya-darzana, Ipsita manoratha kI pApti, upavana, devakula Adi gamana, sabhA, vimAna, mAyA, indrajAla atizA yi zilpakarma Adi vizAva, nayana-vistAra, animiSa-prekSaNa, romAMca, azu, sveda, sAdhuvAda, dAna hAhAkAra, velAMgulibhamaNa Adi anubhAva tathA harSa, Avega, jar3atA Adi 1. nATyazAstra, 6/74, 2 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/25 3 kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/16

Page #185
173 vyabhicAribhAva kA samAveza vRtti meM miyA gayA hai| rAmacandra-gupacandra adbhuta rasa kI utpatti divya vibhUtiyoM indrajAla athavA sundara vastuoM ke darzana tathA abhISTa siddhi se mAnate haiN| 2 nayana - vistAra, gadgad vacana, gAtra - vepathu, - kampanAdi anubhAvoM te ye abhinaya hotA hai| Avega, jar3atA, saMbhama, capalatA, unmAda, romAMcA di isake vya bhivAribhAva hote haiN| narendraprabhatari kA adbhuta - rasa - vivecana hemacandra ke hI samAna hai' va vAgbhaTa dvitIya kA vivecana bhI hemacandra se prabhAvita hai| -- zAnta rasa : zAntarasa bahuta vivAdAspada hai| nATya meM isakI sattA ko to svIkAra hI nahIM kiyA jaataa| isaliye bharatamuni dvArA kathita ATha ratoM ko ginakara AcArya mammaTa ne isakI gapanA alaga se kI hai| dhanaMjaya to zAntarasa ko mAnate hI nahIM hai| Anandavardhana, abhinavagupta, mammaTa Adi AcAryoM ne kAvya meM zAntarasa kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| zAntarasa I. kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. / / 9-20 2. hi. nATyadarpapa, 3/19 3 vahI, vivarapa, pR. 316 4. divyarUpAvalokAdismero hrssaadhlNkRtH| dUraM netra vikAsAdikArapaM vismyo'bhuutH|| alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/23 5. kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 57

Page #186
174 ke sthAyI bhAva ke sambandha meM bhI vaimatya hai| kucha loga isakA sthAyibhAva zama mAnate haiM tathA kucha nirved| nATyazAstra ke eka prakSipta pATha ke anusAra AcArya bharata ne zama nAmaka sthAyibhAvavAle zAntarasa ko mokSapravartaka kahA hai| isakI utpatti tattvajJAna, vairAgya aura cittazudi Adi vibhAvoM ke dvArA hotI hai|' __jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama samyagjJAna se zAntarasa kI utpatti mAnate haiN| isakA nAyaka ( putradhanAdi ) kI icchA se rahita hotA hai| yarthArtha jJAna kI utpatti rAgadveSAdi ke parityAga se hI hotI hai| A. hemacandra ne zAntarasa ko nau rasoM meM hI parigapita kiyA hai tathA usakA sodAharapa lakSaNa nirUpita kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki vairAgyAdi vibhAvoM vAlA, yama Adi anubhAvoM vAlA aura dhRtyAdi vyabhicAribhAvoM vAlA zama nAmaka sthAyibhAva carvapIyatA ko prApta hone para zAnta rata kahalAtA hai| Adi pada se vairAgya, saMtAra-bhIrUtA, tatvajJAna, vItarAgaparizIlana, paramezvara anugaha Adi vibhAva, yama, niyama adhyAtmazAstra ciMtana 1. nATyazAstra, bAbalAla zulazAstrI, pR. 350-351 2. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/32 3 vairAgyA divibhAvo yamAcanubhAvo dhRtyA divyabhicArI zamaH shaantH| kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/17

Page #187
175 Adi anubhAva tathA dhRti, smRti, nirveda, mati Adi vyabhicAribhAva kA samAveza vRtti meM kara liyA gayA hai|' A. hemacandra ne tRSpAkSaya ko hI zama kahA hai| isa sandarbha meM unakI viveka TIkA bhI bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM unhoMne zama kI vyutpatti tathA vizeSa artha spaSTa kiyA hai tathA bharatamani ke dvArA upAtta nirveda sthAyibhAva kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue zama ko hI zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva siddha kiyA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki zama aura zAnta ko ekArthaka nahIM samajhAnA caahie| hAsa aura hAsya kI bhAMti usakI sAdhyatA siddha hotI hai / unhoMne likhA hai ki laukika aura alaukika evaM sAdhArapa aura asAdhArapa ke vailakSaNya te donoM alaga - alaga siddha hote haiN| A. hemacandra zAntarasa ko anya rasoM se pRthaka, tina karate hue likhate haiM ki isakA viSaya jugupsA rUpa hone se usakA vIbhatsa meM antamAva karanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki zAntarasa kI jo jugupsA (vairAgya yA saMsAra se virakti) hai, vaha vyabhicArirUpa se hotI hai| sthAyIrUpa meM nhiiN| yadi jugupsA ko sthAyI mAnakara palaparyanta usakA nirvAha kiyA jAegA to zAntarasa kA samala vinAza ho jAegA / ataH zama va jugupsA donoM bhinna 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 120 2. tRSpAkSayarUpaH zamaH - vahI, vRtti, pR. 121 3. kAvyAnuzAsana, TIkA, pR, 121-123

Page #188
haiM, jugupsA meM zama kA antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isI prakAra dharmavIra meM bhI isakA antabhAva karanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki usakA sthAyI bhAva utsAha abhimAnayukta hotA hai aura zama meM ahaMkAra kA prathama rUpa rahatA hai arthAt ahaMkAra kA abhAva hone para hI zama kahalAtA hai| yadi donoM ko eka hI rUpa meM kalpita kiyA jAya to vIra aura raudra meM bhI antara nahIM raha jAegA, vahAM bhI aisA hI prasaMga A jaaegaa| isalie dharmavIrAdi cittavRtti vizeSa ke sarvathA ahaMkArarahita hone para hI zAntarasa kA pRthakatva siddha hai| aisA na hone para vIrarasa kA prabheda hI siddha hogA, isameM bhI koI virodha nahIM hai| isa prakAra 9 alaga-alaga rasa hote haiN| - rAmacandra-guNacandra ke anusAra deva manuSya - tiryakU ( pazu - pakSI) rUpa paribhramaNa hI saMsAra hai, aise asAra saMsAra te bhayabhIta honA, vairAgya viSayoM se vimukha honA, tattva puNyApuNya yA jIvAjIvAdi kA zAstrAnusAra cintana karanA, ityAdi vibhAvoM se zama sthAyika zAnta rasa hotA hai| - isameM sukha - duHkhAdi dvandvoM kA sahana karanA, kSamA jIvAjIva arthAt jar3a va caitanya kA vicAra rUpa dhyAna karanA, maitrI 1. vahI, vRtti, pR, 123 - 124 176 - karUpA mudrita

Page #189
- upekSAdi upakAra anubhAva hai| nirveda-mati - smRti-dhRti Adi isake vyabhicAribhAva hai / ' narendraprabhatara 2 evaM A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya kA zAnta-rata vivecana hemacandra ke samAna hai| sthAyibhAva : sAmAnyataH sthAyibhAva unheM kahA jAtA jo sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM sadaiva vidyamAna rahate haiN| inake sthAyI rUpa se vidyamAna rahane ke kAraNa hI inheM sthAyibhAva kahA jAtA hai| ye hI vibhAvAdi kA saMyoga pAkara rasAnubhUti karAte haiN| anya bhAvoM se sthAyibhAvoM kI yahI mahatI vizeSatA hai ki anya sabhI bhAvoM kA Agamana (udaya) hotA hai aura eka nizcita samaya taka upasthita rahakara punaH vilIna ho jAte haiM, kintu sthAyibhAva sadaiva sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| unakA yaha sthAyitva hI unheM sthAyibhAva kI saMjJA se vibhUSita karAtA hai| AcArya bharata ke anusAra jisa prakAra manuSyoM meM rAjA aura ziSyoM meM gurU zreSTha hote haiM, usI prakAra samanta bhAvo meM sthAyibhAva mahAna hotA hai| 4 usake anusAra 1. hi. nATyadarpaNa, 3/20 va vivaraNa 2. vairAgyAdivibhAvottho yamprabhRtikAryakRt nirvedapramuyorjasvI, zamaH zAntatvamaznute alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/24 3. 4. 177 kAvyAnuzAsana nATyazAstra, 7/8 - vAgbhaTa. pR. 57

Page #190
178 unake anusAra sthAyibhAvoM kI saMkhyA ATha hai - rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, jugupsA va vismy|' dhanaMjaya ke anusAra jo bhAva apane virodhI athavA avirodhIbhAvoM ke dvArA vicchinna nahIM hotA hai, apitu, lavapAkara (samuda) kI taraha anya bhAvoM ko apane sanA banA letA hai, vaha sthAyibhAva hai| 2 unhoMne bharata sammata ATha sthAyibhAvoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai tathA anyAcAryo dvArA kahe gaye zama kI nATya meM puSTi na hone se use svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| isI prakAra nirveda ko bhI sthAyibhAva mAnanA unheM abhISTa nahIM hai| jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne nau sthAyibhAvoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - rati, hAsa, zIka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, juguptA, vismaya va zamA ye nau sthAyibhAva hemacandra rAmacandragupacandra', narendraprabhasari, vAgbhaTa dvitIya' ko bhI samAna rUpa se mAnya haiN| 1. vahI, 6/17 2. hi. dazarUpaka, 4/34 3 vahI, 4/35 + vahI, 4/36 5. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/4 6. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/18 7. hi nATyadarpa, 3/24 8. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/25 1. 'kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 53

Page #191
179 sthAyibhAvoM ke prasaMga meM mAvoM kA artha spaSTa karate hue AcArya hemacandra ne sthAyI aura vyabhicArI - do prakAra ke bhAvoM kI carcA kI hai| ve likhate haiM ki - cittavRttiyAM hI alaukika, vAcika Adi abhinaya kI prakriyA ke mArUda hone para apane ko laukika dazA meM anAsvAdha hokara bhI AsvAda ke yogya banAtI hai athavA sAmAjika ke mana meM vyApta rahatI hai aura mana ko bhAvita karatI haiM ata: bhAva kahalAtI haiN| ___AcArya hemacandra kI mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka pApI meM janma se hI ye no cittavRttiyAM rahatI haiN| unma se hI pratyeka prANI inake jJAna se yukta rahatA hai, kyoMki vaha duHra kA videSa karatA hai sukha ko cAhatA hai aura ramapa karane kI icchA se vyApta rahatA hai| isameM vaha apane ko utkarSazAlI mAnakara parama upahAsa karatA hai, utkarSa kA abhAva yA vinAza hone kI kA se zoka karatA hai, apAya (vinAza) ke prati krodhita hotA hai, apAya ke hetuoM kA parihAra hone para utsAhita rahatA hai, vizeSa patana ke bhaya se DaratA hai, apane ko kucha ayukta mAnakara jugupsA karatA hai, apane aura dUsaroM ke dvArA karane yogya una - una vaicitryapUrva darzanoM se vismya karatA hai| kucha chor3ane kI ichAvAlA vaha vairAgya ke kArapa zama kA sevana karatA hai| itane prakAra kI vAsanAoM (icchAoM ) se zunya yA cittavRttiyoM se rahita prApI nahIM hotA hai| kevala kisI meM koI cittavRtti adhika hotI hai, koI km| kisI meM

Page #192
180 ucita viSaya meM niyaMtrita hotI hai, kisI meM anya prakAra se hotI hai| unameM se koI koI hI cittavRtti puruSArthopayoginI hone se upadezya hotI hai| usI ke vibhAga ke kAraNa hI uttama, madhyamAdi prakRti kA vyavahAra prApiyoM meM hotA hai|' ___A. hemacandra nau prakAra ke sthAyibhAvoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra tha. rati - strI - purUSo meM paraspara AzAbandhavAlI rati kahalAtI hai| hAsa - citta kA vikAsa hAsa hai| zoka - vairyatA zoka hai| krodha - tekSaNyaprabodha krodha hai| utsAha - saMrambha syeyako utsAha kahate haiN| bhaya- - vikalatA hI bhaya hai| jugupsA - aMgAdi kA saMkoca hI jugupsA hai| vismaya - citta kA vistAra vismaya hai| zama - tuSpA kA kSaya hI zama hai| __ ye lakSapa atisaMkSipta rUpa se hI prastuta kiye gaye haiM jo ki mAtra paryAyavAcI hI pratIta hote haiM, kintu apane Apa meM paripUrNa hai| AcArya 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 124-125

Page #193
181 hemacandra ne zAnta rasa kA sthAyibhAva zama mAnate hue kahA hai ki yadyapi kahIM - kahIM zama kI apradhAnatA hotI hai phira bhI vaha, vyabhicAritva rUpa ko prApta nahIM hotA, sarvatra svabhAvatvena sthAyitva rUpa meM hI rahatA hai|' AcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra ne pUrvokta nau sthAyibhAnoM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra se prastuta kiyA hai| rati - strI aura purUSa ke paraspara prema, jisakA paryAyavAcI AsthA -bandha bhI hai ko rati kahate haiN| yaha (rati) kAmAvasthA se yukta, abhilASa mAtra vyabhicArAtmaka rati tathA devatA, bandhu aura manohara vastu meM hone vAlI prIti rUpa rati se vilakSapa hai| hAsa - raMjana va unmAda se saMyukta citta kA vikAsa hAsa hai| zoka - nirvedAnuvida duHkha hI zoka hai| krodha - apakAra karane kI icchA aura ghRpA kA kArapa tathA paritApa kA Aveza krodha hai| utsAha - dharma, dAna va yuddhAdi kAryo meM Alasya na karanA utsAha 1. zamasya tu yadyapi kvacidapAdhAnyama tathApi na vyabhicAritvaM sarvatra prakRtitvena sthAyitamatvAta / ___kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 126 2. hi nATyapa 3/24 vivRttiA

Page #194
182 bhaya - citta kI vikalatA hI bhaya hai| jugupsA - kutsita kA nizcaya ho jAnA jugaptA hai| vismaya - utkRSTa kA nizcaya ho jAnA vismaya hai| pAma - kAmanA kA abhAva zama hai| narendraprabhasari ne rati ke naisargikI, sAMsargikI, aupamA nikI AdhyAtmikI, AbhiyogikI sAmpayogikI,abhimAnikI tathA pazabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha ina pAMca medoM vAlI vaiSayikI rati kA sodAharapa ullekha kiyA hai|' rati kA isa prakAra sabheda vivecana anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra unhoMne hAsa Adi sthAyibhavoM ke bhI smita, vihasita, apahasita Adi bhedoM kI saMbhAvanA kI hai| ve sthAyibhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAva ke antara ko spaSTa karate likhate haiM ki apane apane rasa se anyatra ( dUsare rasa meM) na jAne se tathA pratyeka samaya (sarvakAla) apane (rasa) meM rahane se aura avyabhicAri hone se ratyAdi bhAva sthAyitva kI saMjJA ko prApta hote haiM arthAta sthAyibhAva kahalAte haiM tathA harSAdi bhAva isate viparIta svabhAva vAle hone se vyabhivAribhAva kahalAte inane I. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/25 vRtti 2. evaM hAtAdInAmapi himata - vihasitApahasitAdayaH katicid bhedHsmbhvnti| vahI, 3/25 vRtti svasvarasAdanyatrAnabhigAmitvAta sarvakAlamAtmanaH sabrahmacAritvAcca ratyAdInAM sthAyitvasa, harSAdInAM tu tadiparItatvAda vybhicaaritvm| .. dahI, 3/25 vRtti

Page #195
183 zAntarasa kA thA yibhAva nirveda ko na svIkAra kara zama ko mAnA hai, jo yathArthatA ke sannikaTa hai| narendraprabhasari ne rati ke jina naisargikI Adi bAraha bhedoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai, ve anyatra anupalabdha haiN| vibhAva - vizeSa prakAra ke bhAva kA nAma vibhAva hai, yaha ratyAdi sthA yibhAvoM kI utpatti meM kArapa hai| AcArya marata ne vibhAva kA artha vijJAna kiyA hai tathA kArapa, nimitta aura hetu ko vibhAva kA paryAyavAcI kahA hai|' jisake dvArA vAcika, kApika tathA sAttvika abhinaya vibhAjita kiye jAte haiM, vaha vibhAva kahalAtA hai| 2 jainAcArya vAgmaTa prathama ne kucha rasoM ke vibhAvoM kI gapanA kI hai| hemacandra ne likhA hai ki vAcika, kAyika tathA sAttvika abhinayoM ke dvArA jo sthAyI aura vyabhicArI cittavRttiyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jJApita karate haiM, ve vibhAva kahalAte haiN| ye do prakAra ke hote haiM - Alambana vibhAva tathA uddIpana vibhAvA lalanAdi Alambana aura udyAnAdi uddIpana vibhAva hai|' rAmacandragupacandra ke mata meM - vAsanA rUpa se sthita, rasarUpatA ko prApta hone vAle 1. nATyazAstra, pR. 80 2. vahI, pR. 80 3 bahavo'rthA vibhAvyante vaaNgNgaabhinyaashritH| anena yasmAttenAyaM vibhAva iti sNjnyitH|| vahI, 1/4 + kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/ / vRtti

Page #196
184 ratyAdi sthAyibhAva ko vizeSa rUpa se bhAvita karate haiM arthAt vizeSa rUpa se AvirbhUta karate haiM ve lalanA aura udyAnAdirUpa kramazaH vibhAva kahalAte haiN| A. narendraprabhari kA kathana hai ki yuvaka va yuvatI ke sAmane upasthita hone para jisako Alambana karake sthAyI aura vyabhicArIrUpa bhAvoM kA jo kSaNabhara meM anubhava karAte haiM, ve Alambana vibhAva kahalAte haiN| 2 isI prakAra jyotsnA, udyAnAdi samRddhi ko Azraya karate hue sthAyI aura vyabhicArirUpa bhAvoM ko jo atyadhika uddIpita karate haiM, ve uddIpana vibhAva kahalAte haiN| 3 vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne pratyeka rasa ke lakSaNaprasaMga meM tadasambandhI rataviSayaka vibhAvoM kA ullekha mAtra kiyA hai| bhAvadevasUri ne vibhAva ko rasa kA kAraNa batalAte hue nau vibhAvoM kA eka padya meM saMgraha karake vibhAvoM kA saMketa mAtra kiyA hai| # I. vAsanAtmyA sthitaM sthAyinaM rasatvena bhavantaM vibhAvayanti avirbhAvanA vizeSeSa prayojayanti iti Alambana - uddIpanarUpAlalanodyAnAdayo vibhAvAH / hi. nATyadarpaNa, 3/8 vivRtti 2. alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/26 3. vahI, 3/27 4 kAvyAlaMkArasAra, 8 / 2-3

Page #197
185 anabhAva - anubhAva kA zAbdika artha hai - bhAva ke pazcAta utpanna hone vaalaa| bharatamuni ke anusAra apane - apane kArapa se ubuddha ityAdi ko prakAzita karane vAlA bhAva "anubhAva' kahalAtA hai| anubhAva sthAyI se janya hotA hai| jaise - vibhAva sthAyI kA kAraNa hotA hai, usI prakAra anubhAva sthAyI kA kArya kahalAtA hai| bharatamuni ke anusAra - ye abhinaya ko vApI, aMga aura sAttvika bhAvoM ke dvArA anubhUti yogya banAte haiM, ata: anubhAva kahalAte haiM - anubhAvyate nene vAgaMgamatvakRto'bhinaya iti / ' dhanaMjaya ne ratyAdi sthAyibhAvoM ke saMtUcaka vikAroM ko anubhAva kahA hai| jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne kucha ratoM ke anubhAvoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| hemacandra ne anubhAva kA lakSapa isa prakAra diyA hai ki - sthAyibhAva aura vyabhicAribhAvarUpa sAmAjika sahRdaya kI cittavRtti vizeSa kA anubhava karate hue jinake dvArA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAtA hai, ve kaTAkSa-pAta aura bhagAkSepAdi anubhAva kahalAte haiN| isa prasaMga meM rAmacandra-guNacandra kA kathana hai ki anu / arthAta liMga ke nizcaya ke bAda (rata ko) mAvita arthAta bodhita karane vAle hone se (kAryarUpa) stambhAdi rasa kA kArya anubhAva kahalAte haiN| phira Age 1. hindI nATyazAstra, pR. 374 2. hindI dazarUpaka, 4/3 3- kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/1 vRtti + hindI nATyadarpaNa, 3/8 vivRttiA

Page #198
( de rasoM ke sthAyibhAvoM va vyabhicAribhAvoM ke kAryabhUta anubhAvoM kA pratipAdana karate likhate haiM -- vepadhu (kampa), stambha, romAMca, svarabheda, azru, mUrcchA, sveda aura vaivarNya Adi rasa se utpanna hone ke kAraNa anubhAva kahalAte haiN|| Adi zabda se prasannatA, ucchvAsa, nizvAsa, ronA-cillAnA, ullukasana) bAla nocanA, bhUmi khodanA, loTanA-poTanA, nAkhUna cabAnA, bhukuTi, kaTAkSa, idhara-udhara yA nIce dekhanA, prazaMsA karanA, ha~sanA, dAna, cApalUsI aura mukha kA lAla par3a jAnA Adi anubhAva bhI gRhIta hote haiN| unake anusAra kahIM sthAyibhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAva bhI anubhAva ho sakate haiN| rasoM ke sthAyibhAva tathA vyabhicAribhAvoM ke aura anubhAvoM ke bhI yathAyogya sahastroM anubhAva ho sakate haiN| 2 pUrvakathita vepathu Adi ATha anubhAvoM kA lakSaNa ve isa prakAra dete 186 vepathu - bhayAdi ke dvArA zarIra kA kiMcit vicalita ho jAnA hai| 3 stambha harSAdi ke kAraNa yatna karane para bhI aMgoM kI kriyA kA na honA tathA viSAdUsUcaka "hA" ityAdi zabdoM kA honA stambha hai| 4 1. hi. nATyadarpaNa, 3/45 2. hi. nATyadarpaNa vivaraNa pR. 348 3. bhayAdervepathurgAtraspando vAgAdivikriyaH / vahI, 3/46 4. yale'pyaMgA kriyA stambho haSadiH, hA! viSAdavAn / / vahI, 346

Page #199
kA sparzAdi karanA romAMca hai| romAMca - priya ke darzanAdi se romoM kA khar3A honA tathA aMgoM svarabheda bheda hai, yaha harSa va hAsya ko utpanna karane vAlA hotA hai| 2 - azru - zokAdi ke kAraNa utpanna nayanajala azru hai, yaha nathune ke phar3akane tathA netroM ke poMchane ke dvArA abhineya hai| 3 mUrcchA - prahAra yA kopAdi ke kAraNa utpanna indriyoM kI asamarthatA mUrcchA kahalAtI hai| isameM vyakti bhUmi para gira jAtA hai| 4 mada Adi ke kAraNa hone vAlI zabda kI bhinnatA svara - 2. sveda zrama Adi ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAlA romajala kA prAva sveda hai| paMkhA jhalane Adi ke dvArA isakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai| 5 vaivarNya 6 hai| idhara udhara dekhane ke dvArA isakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai / " - 1. romAMcaH priyadRSTyAdeH romaharSo'gamArjanai: hi. nATyadarpaNa 3/47 svarabhedaH svarAnyatvaM madAderharSa - hAskRta vahI 3/47 tiraskArAdi ke kAraNa utpanna, mukha kA vikAra vaivarNya 187 33 azru netrAmbu zokAdyairnAsAspandA virUkSapaiH / hi. nATyadarpaNa, 3/48 4. mUrcchanaM ghAta - kopApai ravaglA nirbhUmipAta kRta / vahI, 3/48 5. svedo romajalatAvaH zramAdervyajanagRhe:! vahI, 3/49 6. chAyAvikAro vaivarNya pAdedinirIkSaNaiH / hi. nATyadarpaNa 3/49

Page #200
188 narendraprabhasari anubhAvoM kI gapanA karate kahate haiM ki - jo kaTAkSa - pAta, bhujAkSepa, bhabhamaNa, mukha-bhamapa Adi ghora bhAvalIlA AdirUpa jo stammAdi sAttvika bhAva haiM tathA jinake dvArA sAmAjika sthAyibhAvoM va saMcAribhAvoM kA anubhava karate haiM, ve mekhalA - skhalana, zvAsa, santApa, jAgarapa, nathunoM kA phar3akanA aura devopAlambha Adi sabhI anubhAva haiN|' isa prakAra inhoMne unhIM ATha sAtvika bhAvoM ko ginAyA hai jo rAmacandragupacandra dvArA pUrvollikhita haiN| antara mAtra ye hai ki narendraprabhasari ne pratyeka sAtipaka bhAva (anubhAva ) kA kevala udAharapa prastuta kiyA hai lakSapa nahIM jabaki rAmacandragupacandra ne kevala lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai udAharapa nhiiN| ___ vAgbhaTa ditIya ne pratyeka rasa ke lakSapa pataMga meM usa - usa rasa ke anubhAvoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| mAvadevatari ne bhI rasoM ke anusAra nau anubhAvoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| vyabhicAribhAva - laukika jagata meM jo sthiti sahakAribhAvoM kI hotI hai vahI sthiti kAvya jagata meM vyabhicAribhAvoM kI hotI hai| vyabhicAribhAvoM kA dUsarA nAma saMcArIbhAva hai| saMcarapazIla hone se inakI saMcAribhAva kSA sArthaka hI hai| AcArya bharata ne vyabhicArimAva kI kyAkhyA karate hue liyA hai ki "abhi ityetaavupsrgo| cara gatau dhaatuH| pAtvaryavAgaMgasatvopetAna vividhamabhimukhena rateSu carantIti vyabhicA ripH| tAtparya yaha hai ki jo 1. alaMkAramahodadhi - 3/28-29 2. nATyazAstra, 2/27

Page #201
- vizeSa rUpa se rasa ke cAroM ora unmukha hokara gatizIla hote haiM, ve vyabhicAribhAva kahalAte haiM, inakA saMcaraNa, vANI, aMga aura satvAdi ke dvArA hotA hai| unake anusAra vyabhicAribhAvoM kI saMkhyA taitIMsa hai nirveda, glAni, zaMkA, asUyA, mada, zrama, Alasya, dainya, cintA, moha, smRti, dhRti, brIDA, calapatA, harSa, Avega, jar3atA, garva, viSAda, autsukya, nidrA, apasmAra, supta, prabodha, amarSa, avahitthA, ugratA, mati, vyAdhi, unmAda, maraNa, trAsa aura vitarka / / 189 jainAcArya hemacandra ne vyabhicAribhAva kA jo svarUpa prastuta kiyA haiusakA tAtparya yaha hai ki "vividha dharmoM kI ora unmukha hokara saMcaraNazIla hone ke kAraNa tathA apane dharma kA arpaNa karake sthAyibhAvoM kA upakAra karane vAle vyabhicAribhAva kahalAte haiN| 2 bharatamuni kI paraMparA kA anukaraNa karate hue hemacandra ne 33 prakAra ke vyabhicAribhAvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai jo isa prakAra haiM dhRti, smRti, mati, vrIDA, jAiya, viSAda, mada, vyAdhi, nidrA, supta, autsukya, avahitthA, zaikA, capalatA, Alasya, harSa, garva, ugatA, prabodha, glAni, dainya, zrama, unmAda, moha, cintA, amarSa, trAsa I. nATyazAstra, 6 / 18-21 2. vividhAbhimukhyena sthAyidharmopajIvanena svadharmApayena ca carantIti vyabhicAriNaH / kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 128

Page #202
apasmAra, nirveda, Avega, vitarka, asUyA aura maraNa / A. hemacandra ne paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke dvArA inakA artha spaSTa kiyA hai aura vahI inake lakSaNa kahe jA sakate haiN| unake anusAra dhRti saMtoSa hai| smRti smaraNa hai / mati artha kA nizcaya karanA hai| citta kA saMkoca mana kA santApa hai| mana kA DA hai| artha kI apratipatti hI jar3atA hai| viSAda mana kI pIr3A ko kahate haiM / mada - AnandasaMmohabheda hai| vyAdhi saMmIlana hI nidrA hai / nidrA kI gADhAvasthA hI supta hai| kAla kI akSamatA autsukya hai| AkAragopana hI avahitthA hai| aniSTa kI utprekSA hI zaMkA hai| citta kA anavasthAna capalatA hai / puruSArthoM meM anAdara hI Alasya hai / citta kA prasanna honA hI harSa hai| dUsare kI avajJA garva hai| caNDatva hI ugatA hai| nidrA samApti hI prabodha hai| bala kA apacaya glAni hai| anojasya hI dainya hai / khada hI zrama hai| citta kA viplava unmAda hai / mar3hatA hI moha hai| dhyAna karanA hI cintA hai| praticikIrSA hI amarSa hai / citta kA camatkAra hI trAsa hai| Aveza hI apasmAra hai| svAvamAnanasa hI nirveda hai| saMbhrama hI Avega hai| saMbhAvanA hI vitarka hai| akSama hI asUyA hai| marapatA mRti yA marapa hai / ' - 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/19 190 - hemacandra ne uparyukta taitIMsa vyabhicAribhAvoM meM hI anya vyabhicAribhAvoM kA antarbhAva kara liyA hai| yathA - dambha kA avahitthA meM, udvega kA nirveda meM,

Page #203
191 kSudhA - tRSpA Adi kA glA ni / / unhoMne taitIMta prakAra ke vyabhicAribhAvoM ko sthiti, udaya, prazama, saMdhi va zabalatA dharma vAlA batalAkara sabhI ke pRthak pRthaka udAharapa prastuta kiye hai tathA Age ke taitIsa sUtroM meM unake vibhAva aura anubhAvoM ko sodAharaNa pratipAdita karate hue vyabhicAribhAvoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| 2 rAmacandra-guNacandra kA kathana hai ki - rasonmukha sthA yibhAva ke prati vizeSa rUpa se anukUla Acarapa karane vAle (sthAyibhAva ke poSaka) vyabhicAribhAva kahalAte haiN| athavA sthAyibhAva ke vidhamAna hone para bhI kabhI koI vyabhicAribhAva nahIM hotA hai isaliye vyabhicArI hone se vyabhicAribhAva kahalAte haiM arthAta apane vibhAva ke hone para bhI na hone se aura na hone para bhI hone se ye apane vibhAvoM ke vyabhicAribhAva kahalAte haiN| inake anusAra vyabhicAribhAvoM kI saMkhyA taitIsa hai| kintu Age ve likhate haiM ki inake atirikta anya vyabhicAribhAva bhI ho sakate haiM, jaise - kSudhA, pyAsa, maitrI, muditA, zraddhA, dayA, upekSA, rati, santoSa, kSamA, mudatA, saralatA, dAkSiNya Adi tathA sthAyibhAva tathA 1. vahI, 2/19 vRtti 2. vahI, 2/20-52 3 sonmukhaM sthAyinaM prati viziSTenAbhimakhyena caranti vartante iti vyabhicAripaH yadvA vyabhicaranti sthAyini satyapi ke'pi kadApi na bhavantIti vyabhicAriNaH, svasvabhAvavyabhicAriSaH bhAve bhAvAta. abhAve bhaavaacc|| hi nATyadarpaNa, vivaraNa, pu, 3034 * vahI 3/25-27 .

Page #204
192 anabhAva bhI vyabhicAribhAva ho sakate haiN|' pUrvokta taitIsa vyabhicAribhAvoM kA AcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra ne isa prakAra lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai - nirveda - tattvajJAna paraka cittavRtti kA nAma nirveda hai| vaha klezoM se utpanna virasatA ke kArapa hotA hai aura zvAsa tathA tApa kA kArapa hotA nirveda ke varpana - prasaMga meM nATyadarpapakAra, AcArya mammaTa dvArA jo nirveda ko vyabhicAribhAva svIkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha, zAnta rasa kA sthAyibhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai - usakA saNDana karate likhate haiM ki - "mammaTa ne to vyabhicAribhAvoM ke nirUpapa ke prasaMga meM nirveda ko zAnta rata kA sthAyibhAva kahA hai aura rasa-doSa prasaMga meM pratikUla vibhAvAdi kA grahaNa karanA doSa hai" isa prakAra kahakara zAnta rasa ke prati nirveda rUpa vyabhicAribhAva kA gRhapa karake svayaM hI apane kathana kA khaNDana kara liyA hai| yahA~ nATyadarpapakAra 1. vahI, 3/27, vivarapa, pR. 331 2. hi nATyadarpapa, 3/28-44 mammaTastu vyabhicArikathanaprastAve nivedavyazAntarasaM prati sthAyitAM, pratikalavibhAvAdiparigrahaH' ityatrata tameva prati vyabhicAritAM ca, bavApaH svavacana virodhena pratihata iti| vahI, vivarapa, pR. 332

Page #205
193 ke kayana kA abhiprAya mAtra itanA hai ki sthAyibhAva ke liye sthAyitva apekSita hai aura vyabhicAribhAva ke lie nhiiN| ata: jo sthAyibhAva hai vaha vyabhicAribhAva nahIMho sakatA kyoM ki sthAyitva vyabhicAribhAva kA lakSaNa nahIM hai aura jo vyabhicAribhAva hai vaha sthAyibhAva nahIM ho sakatA kyoM ki asthAyI rahanA sthAyibhAva kA lakSapa nahIM hai| ataH nirveda zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva nahIM apitu kevala vyabhicAribhAva hI hai| usa dazA meM zAntarasa kA sthAyibhAva zama hogaa| glAni : pIDA kA nAma glAni hai| vaha vAkya va zramAdi vibhAvoM se utpanna hotI hai aura kRzatA tathA kampAdi anubhAvoM ko utpanna karane vAlI hotI hai| apasmAra : pizacA dipa gahoM tathA vAtapittAdirUpa doSoM kI viSamatA se utpanna baicainI apasmAra kahalAtI hai aura vaha garhita vyApAroM se yukta hotA hai| zaMkA : apane yA dUsare ke kukarmoM se mana kA kampana zakA kahalAtI hai| aura vaha zyAmatA Adi ko utpanna karane vAlI hotI hai| asayA : deSAdi ke kAraNa sadguNoM ko (dasare ke )sahana na kara sakanA asUyA hai aura vaha sadA dUsare ke doSoM ko dekhane vAlI hotI hai| mada : jyeSThAdi meM madhajanya aura nidrA, hAtya tathA rodana ko utpanna karane vAlA Ananda "mada' kahalAtA hai|

Page #206
1944 zrama : ramapa karane Adi ke kAraNa utpanna thakAvaTa ko zrama kahate hai aura vaha praveda tathA zvAsAdi ke kAraNa hotA hai| cintA : iSTa vastu kI prApti na hone te athavA apriya kI prApti se utpanna mAnasI pIr3A ko cintA kahate haiN| vaha indriyoM kI vikalatA zvAsa aura kRzatAdi kI jananI hotI hai| capalatA : rAgadveSAdi ke kArapa binA vicAre jo kArya karane lagatA hai vaha capalatA hai| aura vaha svecchAcAritA Adi kI jananI hotI ___Avega : akasmAta upasthita ho jAne vAle iSTa yA aniSTa se utpanna dhobha Avega kahalAtA hai aura zarIra mana tathA vANI meM vikAra kA janaka hotA hai| mati : zAstra tathA tarka se utpanna hone vAlI navanavonmezazAlinI prajJA mati kahalAtI hai| aura vaha pramocchedana Adi kI jananI hotI hai| vyAdhi : doSoM se utpanna zArIrika yA mAnasika kleza vyAdhi kahalAtA hai aura vaha atisvara tathA kampAdi kA janaka hotA hai| smRti : milate - julate sadRza padArtha ko dekhane Adi se utpanna pUrvavaiTa artha kA jJAna smRti kahalAtA hai|

Page #207
195 dhRti : jJAna athavA iSTa prApti Adi te utpanna santoSa prati hai| aura vaha zarIra kI puSTi Adi kA karane vAlA hotA hai| ____ arma : tiraskArAdi ke kArapa utpanna badalA lene kI icchA amarSa kahalAtI hai| isameM kampanAdi anubhAva hote haiN| marapa : vyAdhi Adi ke kArapa marane kI icchA karanA marapa kahalAtA hai aura vaha indriyoM ko vikala karane vAlA hotA hai| moha : prahArAdi se utpanna arthatanya "moha" kahalAtA hai| isameM cakkara AnA Adi hotA hai| nidrA : thakAvaTa Adi se utpanna indriyoM ke vyApAra kA abhAva nidrA kahalAtI hai| isase sira hilane lagatA hai| ___ supta : prabalanidrA kA AnA supta nAmaka vyabhicAribhAva hai| isameM barrAnA (svapnAsti) aura mana sahita saba indriyo kA viSayoM se atyanta mukhya ( mohana )ho jAtA hai| ugatA : aparAdha ke kArapa duSTa purUSa ke prati vadha-bandhAdi dArA jo nirvyatA kA prakAzana hai vaha ugatA kahalAtI hai| ___ harSa : iSTa kI prApti ke kArapa mana kI prasannatA harSa hotA hai| isameM sveda, azru aura gadaganA ho jAtI hai|

Page #208
196 viSAda : iSTa vastu ke na milane se citta kA anutsAha "viSAda' kahalAtA hai| niHpravAsa tathA cintA ke dvArA isakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai| unmAda : (bhUtapizAcAdirUpa)gaha tathA (vAta pittAdi rUpa)doSoM ke kArapa mana kA payamaSTa ho jAnA 'unmAda" kahalAtA hai aura usameM anucita kArya karane lagatA hai| dainya : ApattiyoM ke kArapa mana kI vikalatA dainya kahalAtI hai| ( cehare kI) kRSpatA va Takane ke dvArA isakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai| vIDA : pazcAttApa athavA mAtA-pitAdi gurUjanoM kI upasthita ke kArapa pRSTatA na karanA, krIDA kahalAtI hai| trAsa : bhayaMkara vastu ko dekhakara cakita ho jAnA trAsa' kahalAtA hai| zarIra ke sikor3ane va kApane ke dvArA isakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai| tarka : vAda Adi ke dvArA eka pakSa kI saMbhAvanA tarka kahalAtI hai| usase aMgoM kA nacAnA rUpa anubhAva utpanna hotA hai| garva : vidyAdi ke kAraNa anyoM kI avajJA karake apane ko bar3A samjhAnA "garva kahalAtA hai| autsukya :(iSTa ke) smarapa Adi ke kAraNa iSTa ke prati zIghatA Adi se abhimukha pravRtta honA autsukya kahalAtA hai|

Page #209
avahitthA : dhRSTatA Adi se utpanna vikAra ko chipAne kA yatna avahitthA kahalAtA hai| isameM (AkAra - vikRti ko chipAne ke lie) dUsarI kriyA kI jAtI hai| ko jADya : iSTAdi se (arthAt iSTa prApti kI prasannatA meM ) kArya hai| mauna tathA TakaTakI lagAkara dekhane ke dvArA isakA jAnA jADya abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai| bhala Alasya : zrama Adi ke kAraNa kArya meM utsAha kA na honA Alasya kahalAtA hai| jambhAI Adi ke dvArA isakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai| 197 vibodha : zabdAdi ke kAraNa hone vAlA nidrAbhaMga "vibodha" kahalAtA hai| tathA aMgar3AI Adi anubhAva hote haiN| isa prakAra ye nATyadarpaNakAra dvArA varNita taitIMsa vyabhicAribhAva narendraprabhari ko A. hemacandra sammata vyabhicAribhAva kI vyAkhyA abhISTa hai|' unhoMne taitIsa vyabhicAribhAvoM kA nAmollekha karate hue pratyeka kA sodAharaNa lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| 2 A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne taitIMsa 1. vividhamA bhimukhyena sthAyidharmANAmupajIvanena svadharmANAM samapyapena ca carantIti vyabhicAriNaH alaMkAramahodadhi, 3/33 vRti vahI, 3/31-50

Page #210
198 vyabhidhAribhAvoM kA nAmollesa kiyA hai|' bhAdadevatari ne "nirvedAyAstrayastriMzada bhAvAstu vyabhicAripaH' mAtra kahakara vyabhicAribhAvoM kA ullekha diyA hai| isa prakAra jainAcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye ukta vyabhicAribhAva - vivecana meM kucha navInatAyeM dRSTigata hotI hai| yathA - A. hemacandra tathA rAmacandra-gupacandra ko bharatamuni sammata taiMtIsa vyabhicAribhAvoM ke atirikta kacha anya vyabhicAribhAva bhI svIkAra hai| AcArya mammaTanejo nirveda ko vyabhicAribhAva ke atirikta sthAyibhAva bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha rAmacandra-guNavandra ko abhISTa nahIM hai| sAttvika bhAva : maratamuni ne mana se utpanna hone vAle ko satva kahA hai aura vaha samAhita (eka niSTha) mana se utpanna hotA hai tathA mana kI ekaniSThatA se sattva kI niSpatti hotI hai| ' ata : jisakI utpatti meM sattva kArapa ho vaha tAttvika bhAva kahatAtA hai| ye ATha prakAra ke hote haiM - stambha, sveda, romAMca, svarabhaMga , vepathu, vaivarNya, azru aura prly| 1. kAvyA, vAgbhaTa - pR. 57 2. kAvyAlaMkAratAra 8/6 3 nATyazAstra, 7/93 5. vahI, 7/93

Page #211
199 ina sAttvika bhAvoM meM anubhAvatva bhI hai, kyoMki anubhAvoM ke sadaza ye bhI nAyaka - nAyikA di Azraya ke vikAra haiN| tathApi inakI gaNanA pRthak kI gaI hai - jainAcArya hemacandra ne sAttvika bhAva kA vyutpattilabhya artha prastuta karate hue bharata ke mantavya kA anukarapa kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki "sIdatyasmin mana iti vyutpateH sattvagupotkarSAtsAdhutvAcca prApAtmakaM vastu sattvasa tatra bhavAH sAttvikA: arthAta isameM mana khinna hotA hai tathA sattvaguNoM ke utkRSTa aura zreSTha hone se prApAtmaka vastu satva hai, usase utpanna hone vAle sAttvika bhAva kahalAte haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne bharatamuni sammata ATha prakAra ke sAttvika bhAvoM kA hI vivecana kiyA hai| A. rAmacandragupacandra ne bhI sAtvika bhAva ke pUrvokta ATha bheda hI svIkAra kiye haiM kintu ATha bhedoM ko anubhAva kahA hai| tathA inakA ullekha anubhAvoM ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai| narendraprabhasari ne sAttvika bhAva ke hemacandra sammata ukta ATha bheda hI svIkAra kie haiN| vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne bhI ATha sAttvika bhAvoM kI gapanA kI hai| 1. jainAcAryo kAalaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna, pR. 134 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/53 vRtti| 3 vahI, 2/54 + hi nATyadarpapa, 3/45 5 alaMkAramahodadhi 3/30 6. kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa, pR. 58

Page #212
200 isa prakAra sabhI AcAryoM ko sAtvibhAva ke ukta ATha prakAra hI mAnya hai| sAtha hI unake dvArA pratipAdita sAttvikabhAva aura usake bhedoM ke svarUpa meM bhI sAmya pratIta hotA hai| mAtra rAmacandra-gupacandra kI apanI eka viziSTatA hai ki unhoMne ukta sAttvikabhAvoM ko anubhAvoM kI prepI meM rakyA hai| yadyapi ukta ATha bhAvoM ko bahuAcAryoM ne sAtvika bhAvoM kI hI saMjJA dI hai tathApi yadi sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAye to inameM anubhAvoM kI bhI paribhASA pUrNataH ghaTatI hai| kyoMki nAyaka-nAyikA meN| paraspara hone vAle darzanAdi ke pazcAta hI ukta bhAvoM ke cinha pratIta hote haiN| ata: anubhAvoM ke prasaMga meM rAmacandra-gupacandra dArA yadi ukta mAvoM kI gapanA kI jAtI hai to yaha unakI sUkSma va tIkSma dRSTi kA hI pratiphala hai|' rasAbhAsa, bhAvAbhAta - bharatamuni prabhRti kAvya-nATya vidvAnoM ne rasa tathA bhAva Adi kI abhivyaMjanA hetu kucha niyama nirdhArita kiye haiN| ve niyama zAstra maryAdA yA loka - maryAdA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara nizcita kiye gaye haiN| isI se munipatnI - viSayaka rati Adi kA varSana pratiSidu yA varjita mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra anya rasoM meM bhI kucha varSana pratiSiddha mAne jAte haiN| yahA~ para zastra tathA loka kA ullaMghana karane vAle pratiSiviSayaka varSana hI anucitarUpa meM pravRtta hone vAle kahe gaye haiN| jo rasa yA bhAva anucita rUpa meM pravRtta hote hai ve hI rasAbhAta yA bhAvAbhAta kahalAte haiN| yaha anaucitya aneka prakAra kA . draSTavyaH jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna, pR, 135

Page #213
201 ho sakatA hai| usakA nirNaya sadaya puruSoM kI vyavasthAnusAra hI ho sakatA hai. jaise, rati ke viSaya meM hI anaucitya ke aneka rUpa ho sakate haiN| eka strI kA eka purUSa ke prati prema ukti hai, parantu yadi eka strI kA aneka purUSoM ke pati prema kA varpana kiyA jAya to vaha anucita hone se "rasAbhAsa* kI koTi meM aayegaa| isI prakAra gurU Adi ko Alambana banAkara hAya rata kA prayoga, athavA vItarAga ko Alambana banAkara karUpa Adi kA prayoga, mAtApitA viSayaka raudra tathA vIrarasa kA prayoga, vIrapuruSagata bhayAnaka kA varpana, yajJIya pazu Adi ko Alambana banAkara vIbhatsa ko, aindranAlika Adi viSayaka adabhUta aura cANDAla Adi viSayaka zAntarata kA prayoga bhI anucita mAnA gayA hai, isaliye ve saba rasAbhAsa ke antargata hote haiN|' sAhityadarpapakAra ne bhI isI prakAra kA varpana kiyA hai|2 isa prakAra jahA~ rasa kA AbhAta mAtra ho, vaha rasAbhAta kahalAtA hai| vahA~ vAstavika rasa kA abhAva hotA hai| isI prakAra jahA~ bhAva AbhAta 1. kAvyaprakAza, vizvezvara - pR. 141-42 2. upanAyakasasthAyAM manigarUpatnIgatAyAM c| bahunAyakaviSayAyAM ratau tthaanubhynisstthaayaam|| pratinAyaniSThatve tadadadhapAtra tirygaadigte| aMgAre'naucityaM raudre gurvAdigate kope|| zAnte ca hInaniSThe garvAdhAlambane haasye| baGmavadhAputsAdhamapAtragate tathA viire|| uttamapAtragatatve bhayAnake ymevmnytr| sAhityadarpapa, 3/263-266 kA pUrvArda

Page #214
202 mAtra ho, vaha bhAvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| vahA~ vAstavika bhAva kA abhAva hotA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne devAdiviSayaka rati ko bhAva kahA hai tathA Adi pada se muni, gurU, nRpa, putrAdi viSayaka rati kA gahae kiyA hai| ve kevala kAntA viSayaka rati kI abhivyakti ko hI zrRMgAra mAnate haiN| isI prakAra kA vivecana jainAcArya hemacandra ne kiyA hai| ve likhate hai ki "devamunigurUnRpaputrAdiviSayA tu bhAva eva na punA rsH| 2 A. hemacandra ne A. mammaTa kA hI zabdazaH anukarapa kiyA hai| hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra indriyarahita tathA tiryagAdi meM kramazaH saMbhogAdi rasa tathA bhAva kA Aropa karanA ratAbhAsa tathA bhAvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra saMbhogAdi rasoM evaM bhAvoM ke anucita rUpa se varNana arthAta paraspara anurAga kA abhAva hone para bhI anurakti varpana ityAdi ko bhI ratAbhAsa va bhAvAbhAsa kahA hai|* 1. ratirdevAdiviSayA vyabhicArI tathA'Nita : bhAvaH proktH| Adi zabdAnmunigarUnRpaputrAdiviSayA, kAntA viSayA tu vyaktA aNgaarH| kAvyaprakAza, vi0 4/35 va vRtti 2. kAvyAna, vRtti, pR. 107 3 nirindrayeSu tiryagAdikSu, cAropAdrata bhaavaabhaaso| vahI, 2/54 + vahI 2/55

Page #215
203 vaite to A. mammTa va mA. hemacandra kA rasAbhAsa va bhAvAbhAsa viSayaka vivecana milatA julatA hI hai kintu A. hemacandra kI pratipAdana zailI va udAharapa dvArA kiyA gayA nirUpapa mammaTa kI tulanA meM adhika preyaskara tathA mahatvapUrNa hai| itane adhika udAharapa anya kisI bhI AcArya ne nahIM diye haiN| A. hemacandra ne ratAbhAsa va bhAvAbhAsa ko samAsokti, arthAntaranyAsa, utprekSA, rUpaka, upamA, praleSa, Adi alaMkAroM kA jIvita tattva mAnA hai|' narendraprabhatari kA rasAbhAsa - bhAvAbhAsa vivecana hemacandrAgarya ke samAna hai| hemacandrAcArya va narendraprabhasari dvArA anaucitya pada kA prayoga, AnaMdavardhana ke "anaucityAdRte nAnyada rasabhaMgatya kArapasa kathana se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| astu, ukta jainAcAryoM dvArA rasa ke pratyeka aMga para vicAra kiyA gayA hai jo katipaya viziSTatAoM se yukta hote hue bhI sAmAnyataH bharataparamparA kA nirvAhaka hai| / * rasAbhAsasya bhAvAbhAsasya ca samAsoktyarthAntaranyAsotprekSArUpakopamAzleSAdayo jIvitam / / kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 149 2- AbhAsa rata - bhaavaanaamnaucitypvrtnaat| AropAta tiryagAtheSu vrjitshvindriyerpi|| alaMkAramahodadhi 3/53 .

Page #216
204 caturtha adhyAya : doSa vivecana 204 yadyapi kAvya meM doSoM kA abhAva hI mAnA gayA hai, ataH kAvyAma ke rUpa meM doSAbhAva kI hI vivecanA honI cAhie kintu abhAva kA jJAna amAva ke pratiyogI ke jJAna ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH doSAbhAva ke jJAna ke liye doSoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| ataeva samI kAvyazAstra ke AcArya apane granthoM meM kAvya - doSoM kA bhI vivecana karate cale Ae haiN| doSa - vivecana sarvaprathama AcArya bharata ke nATayazAstra meM milatA hai|' A. bhAmaha sadoSa kAvya ko kuputra ke sadRza nindanIya kahate haiN| AcArya daNDI kAvya meM alpa-doSa ko bhI mAnava zarIra meM kuSTha-dAga ke samAna mAnate hai| isI prakAra jainAcArya vAgbhaTa - prathama ne aSTa kAvya ko yaza tathA svarga prApti kA sAdhana kahA hai| doSa - svarUpa : bharatamuni gupa ko doSa kA viparyaya mAnate haiN| jabaki AcArya vAmana doSa ko gupa kA viparyaya mAnate haiN| Adhunika vidvAna DA0 revAprasAda divedI kA kathana hai ki gupoM ko hI doSoM kA viparyaya kahanA vaijJAnika hai, 1. nATyazAstra, 17/88-95 2. kAvyAlaMkAra, 1/11 3 kAvyAdarza, 1/7 + vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 2/5 5. sta eva viparyastA gapAH kAvyeSu kIrtitAH nATyazAstra, 17/95 - gupaviparyAsAtmAno dossaaH| 15kAvyAlaMkArasUtra, 2/2/1..

Page #217
205 doSoM ko gapoM kA viparyaya kahanA eka viparIta kiyA hai|' dhvanyAlokakAra Anandavardhana anaucitya ko hI kAvya-doSa svIkAra karate haiN| 2 A. mammaTa Anandavardhana kA hI anukarapa karate hue likhate haiM ki - jisase makhyArya kA apakarSa hotA hai vaha doSa hai, aura kAvya meM rasa bhAvAdi hI mukhyArya hai| paravartI AcAryoM ne isI doSa svarUpa kA prAya : anasarapa kiyA hai| jahA~ taka jainAcAryoM dvArA doSasvarUpAdi vivecana kA prazna hai, to unhoMne isakA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - jainAcArya hemacandra kI vicAradhArA mammaTa kI vicAradhArA se bahuta sAmya rakhatI hai| mammaTa kI bhAMti unhoMne bhI pahale doSa kA sAmAnya lakSapa diyA hai| unhoMne guNa aura doSa ina donoM kA eka hI kArikA ke dvArA sAmAnyatayA lakSapa de diyA hai| ve "rasa ke apakarSaka hetuoM ko doSa kahate haiM arthAta jisake dvArA rasAnubhUti meM bAdhA upasthita hotI hai, ute kAvya-doSa kahate haiN| ye doSa rasa ke hI Azrita hote haiM, kintu gaupharUpa se ve zabda aura artha ke bhI apakarSaka hote haiN| kyoMki zabda aura artha rasa ke upakAraka hote haiM, ataeva paraspara yA zabda aura artha ke bhI apaghAtaka ko 1. painAcAryo kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna se udhata, pu. 141 2. anaucityAdate nAnyada rasabhaMgasya kaarps| dhvanyAloka, pR. 259 : mukhyAhatirdoSo rasazca mukhya H kAvyaprakAza, 7/49 + rasatyotkarSApakarSahetu gupadoSo, bhaktyAzabdAryayoH - kAvyAnazAsana, 1/12

Page #218
206 doSa kahate haiN| A. narendraprabhasAra vaiphiya ke lopa ko doSa mAnate haiM, vaha vizeSa rUpa se rasa kI kSati hone para hotA hai aura gaupa rUpa se zabda aura arya kI kSati hone para / ' doSa - meda : kAvyagata doSoM kI saMkhyA meM uttarottara vikAsa huA hai| sarvaprathama AcArya marata ne dasa doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - gUdArtha, arthAntara, arthahIna, bhinnArtha, ekArya, abhiplutArya, nyAyadota, viSama, visandhi evaM zabdacyuta 12 isake pazcAta AcArya bhAmaha ne apane kAvyAlaMi. kAra meM cAra sthaloM para doSoM kA nirUpapa karate hue sarvaprathama cha: kAvya doSoM ko ginAyA hai - neyArtha, kliSTa, anyArtha, avAcaka, ayuktimata aura gaDhazabdAbhidhAna / tadanantara zrutidaSTa, arthaduSTa, kalpanAduSTa aura zrutikaSTa - ye cAra vApI doSa kahe haiM / isI krama meM medhAvI ke anusAra hInatA, asaMbhava, liMgabheda, vacanabheda, viparyaya, upamAnAdhikya aura asadarzatA nAmaka sAta doSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / tatpazcAt kAvyasaundarya ke ghAtaka aThAraha prakAra ke doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- apArya, vyartha, ekArtha, sasaMzaya, apakama, zabdahIna, yatimaSTa, 1. vaicitryadhyAhatirdoSaH sA ca bhamnA rsdhteH| tada pUrva rasa evaiSaH bhaktyA zabdArthayoH punH|| alaMkAramahodadhi, 5/1 2. nATyazAstra, 17/88 kAvyAlaMkAra, 1/37 + vahI, 1/47 kAvyAlaMkAra, 2/39-40 3.

Page #219
207 bhinnadatta, vitandhi, dezavirodhI, kAlavirodhI, kalAvirodhI, loka virodhI, nyAyavirodhI, AgamavirodhI, pratijJAhIna, hetuhIna aura TUTAntahIna / / isa prakAra AcArya bharata kI tulanA meM bhAmaha ne kAvya - doSoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kI hai, jabaki mAmahAcArya ke hI samakAlIna AcArya daNDI ne mAtra dasa doSoM kA hI vivecana kiyA hai jisakA bhAmaha ne pahale hI pratipAdana kara diyA thaa| daNDI ke dasa doSa hai - apArtha, vyartha, ekArtha, sasaMzaya, apakrama, zabdahIna, yatimaSTa, bhinnavRtta, visandhi, aura deza - kAla - kalA - loka - nyAya - Agama virodhI / ataH doSa-prasaMga meM daNDI ne koI navIna bAta nahIM kahI hai| dhvanyAlokakAra Anandavardhana ne zrutihaTatva, grAmyatva aura asabhyatva ina tIna doSoM kA vibhinna prasaMgoM meM nAmollekha kiyA hai tathA pA~ca rata - doSoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai, kintu anaucitya ko unhoMne rasa - bhaMga kA sabate pamukha doSa mAnA hai|' AcArya mammaTa kA doSa - vivecana sarvAdhika vistRta hai| kAvya sambandhI jitane adhika doSa saMbhava ho sakate the prAyaH una sabhI ko AcArya mammaTa ne ginA diyA hai| unake dvArA pratipAdita lagabhaga sattara 8708 doSa hai jinheM unhoMne kaI bhAgoM meM mikta karake pratipAdita kiyA hai - 1. vahI, 4/1-2 2. kAvyAdarza, 3/125-126 3. jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna pR. 146

Page #220
208 zabdadoSa, arthadoSa aura rsdoss| punaH zabdadoSa ke tIna bheda kie haiM - padadoSa' padAMza doSa aura vaakydoss| isa prakAra mammaTasammata samasta doSoM ko pA~ca vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - 81 padadoSa, 12padAMzadoSa, 38 vAkyadoSa, 15 arthadoSa aura 58 rsdoss| yadyapi paravartI jainAcArya mammTAnugAmI hai tathApi kisI - kisI jainAcArya, vizeSataH hemacandrAcArya ne pada aura vAkya meM sammilita ubhayadoSoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH ina samasta doSoM kA vivecana kama ipsa prakAra varpita karanA samyak hogA - 818 padadoSa, 28 padoza-doSa, 33 vAkya - doSa, 43 ubhaya-doSa, 853 artha - doSa aura 101 rasa - doss| pada doSa: sup athavA tiDa. pratyaya se yukta zabda pada kahalAtA hai, ' aura usa pada meM rahane vAle doSoM ko padadoSa kahate haiN| AcArya mammaTa ne apane kAvya prakAza ke saptama ullAsa meM sarvaprathama solaha padadorSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 813 zrutikaTu, 28 cyutasaMskRti, 3 aprayukta, 15 asamartha, {5 nihatArtha, 868 anucitArtha, 878 nirarthaka, 888 avAcaka, 98 azlIla, 103 saMdigdha, 11 apratIta, 8128 grAmya, 3138 neyArtha, 1148 kliSTa, 15 avimRSTa vidheyAMza, aura 168 viruddhamatikRta 12 I. "suptiDantaM padasA' - aSTAdhyAyI / /4/14 laghusidAntakaumudI se upata 2 kAvyaprakAza, 7/50-51

Page #221
209 jainAcArya vAgbhaTa - prathama ne ATha pada-doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- / anarthaka, 828 zrutikaTu, 14 vyAhatArtha, 654 alakSapa, 5 svasaMketapraklRptArtha, 363 aprasiddha 378 asammata, aura 8 gAmya / ' inake lakSaNa isa prakAra hai - 18 anaryaka : jo pada prastuta viSaya ke anukUla na ho use anarthaka kahate hai| yathA - maiM lambodara gapezajI kI stuti karatA huuN| 2 yahA~ para vinAyaka gapezajI ke prasaMga meM "lambodara' vizeSapa anupayukta hone ke kArapa kAvya meM anaryaka nAmaka doSa utpanna karatA hai| 328 zrutikaTu : kAvya meM atyanta karpakaTu akSaroM ke prayoga se utpanna hone vAle doSa ko AcAryoM ne "zrutikTu' kIsa~jA pradAna kI hai| yathA - isa sundarI ko sRSTA (bamA)ne ekAgracita se mAyA hai, aisA maiM mAnatA huuN| yahA~ "sRSTA pada meM TakAra aura rakAra kA prayoga dUSita hai kyoMki ye dono karkaza varSa hai| 13 vyAhatArtha : aise pada kA prayoga jisase iSTArtha ke atirikta, anya artha kA pratipAdana hotA hai aura vaha anya artha iSTArya meM bAdhA DAlatA ho "vyAhatArtha nAmaka doSa kahalAtA hai| yathA - he rAjan / mAtra Apa hI pRthvI ke upakAra matalopakRto meM lage haiN| yahA~ "bhUtalopakRtI' pada * vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 2/6-7 2. vahI, 2/8 , vahI, 2/9 + vahI, 2/10

Page #222
210 *pApiyoM ke vinAza meM lage haiM" isa viparIta artha kA bhI bodhaka hone se vyAhatArtha doSa hai| 148 alakSapa : jo pada vyAkarapaviruddha ho use "alakSapa doSa kahate haiN| yathA - "mAninI striyoM ke mAna-mardana karane vAle candramA kI vijaya ho / yayendurvijayatyatAha / yahA~ vijayati pada kA prayoga vyAkarapa - zAstra ke viruddha hone se alakSapa doSa hai| 156 svasaMketaprakluptArya : jahA~ kisI prasiddha evaM sarvavidita artha ke viparIta kavi svakalpita artha meM kisI padavizeSa ko prayukta karatA hai| yathA - yaha parvata puSparAzimaNDita vAnaradhvaja arjuna ke vRkSoM se suzobhita ho rahA hai| "vAnaradhvaja' zabda sAdhArapatayA pANDuputra arjuna ke liye hI rUda hai, kintu yahA~ kavi ne use svakalpita arjuna nAmaka vRkSa ke artha meM prayukta kiyA hai| ataeva yahA~ :: "svasaMketapraklupatArya' nAmaka doSa hai| 868 aprasiddha : aprasida evaM apracalita artha meM kisI pada ko prayukta karane se aprasiddha nAmaka doSa utpanna hotA hai| yayA - he rAjendra / Apa kI sukIrti cAroM samudroM taka jA cukI hai| rAjendra bhavataH kIrtizcaturo hanti vaaridhiin| * vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 2/11 2. vahI, 2/12 OM vahI, 2/13

Page #223
yadyapi vyAkaraNa zAstra meM han dhAtu hiMsA aura gamana n hiMsAgatyoHd ina donoM arthoM meM paThita hai kintu kaviyoM dvArA han dhAtu kA prayoga hiMsA artha meM hI prasiddha hone se yahA~ aprasiddha doSa hai| - 878 asammata : jo pada kisI artha ko prakaTa karane meM samartha hote hue bhI sarvamAnya nahIM hotA usa pada kA prayoga "asammata" nAmaka doSa kI udbhAvanA karatA hai| yathA sUrya kI razmiyA~ ambhoja andhakAra ke kIcar3a athavA aMdhakAra rUpa kIcar3a ko dhotI haiM / yahA~ yadyapi "aMbhoja pada kIcar3a kA bodha karAne meM samartha hai, " tathApi aMbhoja pada kA yaha artha sarvasammata nahIM hai| ataH yahA~ asammata doSa hai| - 211 888 grAmya : jahA~ koI pada prasaMga vizeSa meM anucita hone para bhI prayukta ho vahA~ "grAmya" doSa samajhanA caahie| yathA devatAoM ko puSpoM se AcchAdita karake maiM unake Age dhAnya - haviS ityAdi pheMkatA huuN| 2 yahA~ devatAoM ko puSpoM se DhaMkanA aura sAmane dhAnya pheMkanA donoM grAmya prayoga hone se grAmya doSa haiN| - 1 / nirarthakatva, aura 828 asAdhutva 13 AcArya hemacandra ne mAtra do pada - doSoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai 1. vahI, 2/14 2 vahI, 2/15 3. nirarthakA sAdhutve padasya / kAvyAnuzAsana, 3/4 -

Page #224
818 nirarthakatva pApUrti hetu "ca", "hi" ityAdi padoM kA prayoga nirarthaka padadASa kahalAtA hai / mammaTa kI bhAMti AcArya hemacandra ne isakA yathAvata pratipAdana kiyA hai| padAMza kI nirarthakatA kA udAharaNa bhI AcArya hemacandra ne isI ke sAtha prastuta kara diyA hai jo ki mammaTa se milatA hai 12 unhoMne pratyudAharaNa prastuta karane ke bAda yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki yamakAdi alaMkAra meM nirarthaka doSa nahIM hotA aisA kisI ne mAnA hai / 3 828 - - asAdhutva vyAkaraNa zAstravirUddha padoM kA prayoga karanA asAdhudoSa hai|" jaise - " unmajjanmakara bhujA bhyAmAjaghne viSamavilocanastha vakSaH padya meM "Ajaghne" pada asAdhu haiM kyoMki n dhAtu akarmaka hai| yaha Atmainapada meM aprApta hai| AcArya mammaTa ne jise cyutasaMskRti nAma se pratipAdita 212 kiyA hai usI ko hemacandrAcArya ne asAdhu nAma diyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra anukaraNa meM asAdhudoSa nahIM rahatA hai, jaise - "pazyaiSa ca gavityAha / * -5 1. tatra cAdInAM nirarthakatvam / vahI, vRtti pR. 199 tulanIya - kAvyaprakAza, kR. pR. 268 2. kAvyaprakAza, pR. 296 evaM kAvyAnuzAsana, kR. pR. 200 3. yamakAdau nirarthakatvana doSa iti kecit / kAvyA. vRtti, pR. 2008 4. zabdazAstravirodhoDasAdhutvam / vahI, pR. 201 5. kAvyAnu, vRtti, pR. 201

Page #225
213 AcArya narendraprabhasari ne tIna pada doSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai18 asaMskAra vyAkarapa saMskAra sahita, 28 asamartha evaM 33 anarthaka / ' inake lakSapa inake nAma se hI spaSTa haiN| ___AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne solaha zabdadoSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unake anusAra ye zabda-doSa pada aura vAkya donoM meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte haiN| ye isa prakAra hai - / nirarthaka, 323 nirlakSapa, 38 azlIla, 148 aprayukta, 858 asamartha, 168 anucitArtha, 178 atikaTu, 88 kliSTa, 31 avimRSTaviSayAMza, 108 vidabuddhikRta, | neyArya, 312 nihatArtha, 8138 apratIta, 148 gAmya, 3158 saMdigdha, 168 avAcaka / ye solaha zabda - doSa ve hI haiM jinheM mammaTa ne kevala pada - doSa mAnA hai| inake lakSapa isa prakAra hai - / nirarthaka : prakRtAnupayo gi nirartha ka zabda doSa kahalAtA hai|' 28 nirlakSapa : AcArya mammaTa ke cyutasaMskRti nAmaka doSa ke sthAna para vAbhaTa dvitIya ne nirlakSapa nAmaka doSa mAnA hai| ina dorSoM meM antara yaha hai ki cyutasaMskRti doSa vahIM para hotA hai jahA~ vyAkaraNa virUddha pada kA prayoga 1. alaMkAramahodadhi, 5/2/pUrvArda 2 kAvyAnuzAsana vAgbhaTa, pR. 19 3 vahI, pR. 19

Page #226
kiyA gayA ho, kintu vAgbhaTa dvitIya ke anusAra nirlakSaNa doSa vyAkaraNa virUddha pada ke prayoga karane para to hogA hI, sAtha hI chanda zAstra Adi ke viruddha pada kA prayoga karane para bhI hogA / / yahAM Adi pada se anya kina kina zAstroM kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai yaha unakI vRtti se spaSTa nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vRtti meM vyAkaraNa zAstra viruddha aura chandaH zAstra viruddha doSoM ke hI udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM / 2 - 838 azlIla : lajjA, amaMgala va ghRSA ko prakaTa karane ke kAraNa azlIla zabda doSa tIna prakAra kA hotA hai / 3 $58 848 aprayukta : kaviyoM dvArA anAdUta ( niSida yA upekSita ) zabda doSa aprayukta hai 14 214 asamartha : 18 868 anucitArtha : anucita rUpa se prayukta anucitArtha zabda doSa hai / 78 zrutikaTu : karSakaTu varSoM kA prayoga zrutikaTu zabda doSa hai / 7 Xx kliSTa : usa artha ke pratipAdana meM akSama asamartha zabda doSa hai 15 8 vivakSita artha kI pratIti meM vilamba kliSTa zabda doSa 1. vahI, pR. 19 2 vahI, vRtti, pR. 19-20 3. vahI, pR. 20 4 vahI, pR. 20 5. vahI, pR. 21 ho vahI, pR. 21 7 vahI, pR. 21 vahI, pR. 22

Page #227
898 avimuSTa vidheyAMza : jahA~ vidheyarUpa vAkyAMza kA pradhAnatayA nirdeza nahIM kiyA jAtA / 108 virUddha buddhikRta : viparIta artha kI pratIti karAne meM samartha 12 / / neyArtha : lakSitArtha kA jahA~ bodha hotA hai vaha neyArtha hai / 3 8128 nihatArtha : ubhayArthavAcaka zabda rahane para bhI aprasiddha artha meM prayoga karanA nihatArtha doSa hai 14 jaise *yAvakarasArdraprahArazoNita ityAdi padya meM zoNita zabda rUdhira artha meM prasiddha hone se doSayukta hai| 8138 apratIta : Agama meM hI prasiddha apratIta hai 15 8148 grAmya : asaMskRta jana meM pracalita ukti grAmya hai / " 8158 saMdigdha : eka pada ke do arthoM kA bodhaka hone para jo anya artha ke 7 pratizAsana se saMzaya hotA hai vaha saMdigdha zabda doSa hai / hai / 215 - 16 avAcaka : abhIpsita artha ke pratipAdana meM asamartha avAcaka zabda doSa 8 isa prakAra pada doSoM ke isa krama meM AcArya mammaTa ne solaha, vAgbhaTa prathama ne ATha, hemacandrAcArya ne do, narendraprabhasUri ne tIna va vAgbhaTa dvitIya I. Entitratntntnitiv -

Page #228
ne solaha pada doSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| ina sabhI jainAcAryoM ne prAyaH - AcArya mammaTa dvArA varSita doSoM kA anukaraNa karate hue hI apanA doSa - vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| ataH pada doSoM ke prasaMga meM jainAcAryoM ne koI navIna tathya prastuta nahIM kiyA hai| padAMzagata doSa - - kAvyaprakAzakAra mammaTa ne padazagata doSoM zrutikaTu nihatArtha, nirarthaka, avAcaka, azlIla, saMdigdha va neyArtha - kA ullekha karate hue inheM sodAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| 216 jainAcArya hemacandra va narendraprabhari ne padaika deza padAMgazata 8 doSoM ko pada - doSa hI svIkAra kiyA hai| 2 AcArya narendraprabhasari ne padAMzagata doSoM ko padagata doSa mAnate hue bhI mammaTokta sAta padazatagata doSoM meM te azlIla ko chor3akara chaH doSoM ke udAharaNa bhI prastuta kie haiN| 3 ye udAharaNa vahI haiM, jinheM AcArya mammaTa ne prastuta kiyA hai| vAgbhaTa - dvitIya ne padazagata doSoM kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isa prakAra aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ukta jainAcArya prAyaH padAMza doSoM ko pRthaka mAnane ke pakSa meM nahIM hai| 1. kAvyaprakAza, pR. 295 - 300 - 2. "pudaikadezaH padameva " alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 153 3. alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 153-154 kAvyAnu, pR. 200 evaM padaikadezo'pi padameva " -

Page #229
vAkya doSa : vAkya doSoM ko prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne samAnarUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne 21 prakAra ke vAkyadoSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai18 pratikUlavarSatA, 828 apahutavisargatA, 838 luptavisargatA, 848 visaMdhi, {58 hatavRttatA, 868 nyUnapadatA, 878 adhikapadatA, 188 kathitapadatA, / / ardAntaraikavAcakatA, 8128 111 patatprakarSa, 8108 samAptapunarAttatA abhavanmatasambandha, 8 138 anabhihitavAcyatA, 8148 asthAnapadatA, 8 158 asthAnasamAsatA, 8168 saMkI rpatA, 8178 garbhitatA, 8188 prasiddhi - virodha, 198 bhagnaprakramatA 8208 akramatA aura 8218 amataparArthatA / - jainAcArya vAgbhaTa - 217 prathama ne 8 vAkya doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 1 1 1 / khaNDita, 828 vyastasambandha, 838 asammita, 848 apakrama, 858 chandobhraSTa, 68 rItibhraSTa, 878 yatibhraSTa, aura 888 asatkriyA kriyA pada rahita hU~ 2 inake lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM : 1. kAvyaprakAza, 7/53-55 2. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 2/17 3. vahI, 2/18 1 / 4 khaNDita eka vAkya ke antargata anya vAkyAMza ke A jAne se prathama vAkya meM jahA~ viccheda utpanna ho jAtA hai, vahA~ "khaNDita" nAmaka doSa mAnA jAtA hai| yathA " ve jina svAmI jinakI stuti sadaiva indra bhI karate rahate haiM, Apa logoM kI rakSA kreN| yahA~ jinakI stuti indra bhI karate haiM, isa vAkya ke madhya meM praveza karane se vaNDita doSa hai|

Page #230
218 28 vyasta sambandha- kinhI do padoM meM paraspara sambandhI paToM ke N Ho dara-dara rahane para "vyasta sambandha" nAmaka doSa utpanna hotA hai| yathA - arhatA meM agagaNya tattvavettA (jina) deva Apa logoM ko sampatti dhana - dhAnya pradAna kareM / / isa vAkya meM "Adha:" aura "arhatAm" ina donoM padoM kA paraspara sambandha hone para bhI dUra - dUra sthita hone se vyastasambandha- doSa hai| 14 asammita - jahA~ zabda aura artha saMtulita na ho, vahA~ para vidvajjana asammita nAmaka doSa mAnate haiN| yathA - mAnasarovara meM nivAsa karane vAlA pakSI ( haMsa) jisakA vAhana hai una (brahmAjI ) ke Asana (kamala) ko samAna locanoM vAle (arthAta kamala - nayana jinadeva) Apa logoM ko andhakAra ke zatru (sUrya) ke vipadhI (rAhu) ke zatru (viSpa) kI priyA (lakSmI) arthAta zrI - sampatti pradAna kreN| isa zloka meM kamalanayana hetu "mAnatokapatathAnadevAsanavilocanaH aura lakSmI ke liye "tamoripuvipakSAripriyAM ina do lambe-lambe padoM kA prayoga hone se atammita doSa hai| 148 apakrama - vibhinna kAryoM ke pUrvApara kama kI loka pratida mAnyatA kA ullaMghana karake jahA~ para krama meM ulaTa phera kara diyA jAtA hai, * vahI, 2/19 2 bAgbhaTAlaDa kAra 2/20-21

Page #231
vahA~ para "apakrama" nAmaka doSa mAnA jAtA yathA - (vaha ) bhojana karake snAnoparAnta gurUjanoM va AcAryoM kI vandanA karatA hai| yahA~ loka vyavahAra meM prasiddha sarvaprathama snAna, punaH gurUoM va devatAoM kI vandanA tatpazcAta anya bhojanAdi kriyA - isa krama kA ullaMghana karane se apakrama nAmaka doSa hai| - $58 chandobhraSTa chandaHzAstra ke virUddha vAkya kA prayoga chandobhraSTa kahalAtA hai| yathA-- sajayatu jinapati:' isa zlokAI meM anuSTupa chanda kA pAda hai - kiMtu isameM chandaH zAstranirdiSTa anuSTupa chanda ka lakSaNa nahIM hai, kyoMki anuSTuya kA lakSaNa hai - " zloke SaSThaM gururjJeyaM sarvatra laghu paJcamam" ityAdi / 868 rItibhraSTa 219 isa niyamAnusAra uparyukta udAharaNa meM jo SaSTha varSa "na" hai use guru honA cAhie thA na ki laghu, jaisA ki yahA~ para hai| ataH yahA~ chando bhraSTa doSa mAnA gayA hai| - jahA~ vAkya meM rIti vizeSa kA yatheSTa nirvAha na rItibhraSTamanirvAho yatra rIterbhavedyathA / kiyA gayA ho, yathA jino jayati sa zrImAninvAdyamaravanditaH // 12 1. vAgbhaTAlaeNMDa kAra, 2/23 2 vahI, 2/24.

Page #232
220 yahA~ pUrvAI meM asamastapadI vaidarbhI tathA uttarArdu meM samastapadI gauDI rIti kA prayoga hone se rItibhATa - doSa hai| 178 yatilaSTa - jisa vAkya ke pada ke madhya meM hI yatibhaDa. ho jAya usameM yatimaSTa doSa samajhanA caahiye| yathA - "namastatma jina - - svAmine sadA nemye'hte|' (una arhata neminAtha jinendradeva ko sadA namaskAra ho) yahA~ "jinasvAmine yaha pUrA pada hai, ataH isake pazcAta hI yati honI cAhiye thI, kintu "jinasvAmI' ke pazcAta hI pada ke madhya meM yati hone se yatimaSTa doSa hai / 188 asatikrayA - jisa vAkya meM koI kriyApada hI na ho usameM "asatkiyA' nAmaka doSa hotA hai| yathA - "yathA sarasvatI puSpaiH zrIkhaNDesapaiH stavaiH / / 2 (puSpoM se, zrIcandana se, kezara se, stotroM se sarasvatI kI pUjA karatA huuN)| yahA~ "arcayAmi' isa ucita kriyA ke abhAva meM asatkriyA doSa hai| hemacandrAcArya ne 13 prakAra ke vAkya - doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - (I) visandhi, 12) nyUnapadatA, (3) adhikapadatA, (4) uktapadatA, (5) ayAnasthapanA, (6) patatprakarSatA, (7) samAptapunarAttatA, (8) avisargatA, (1) hatavRttatA, (10) saMkIrpatA, (II) garmitatA, (12) bhagnapakamatA aura (13) ananvitatA / * vahI, 2/25 - vahI, 2/26 3 kAvyAnuzAsana 3/5

Page #233
221 16 visandhi - padoM ke melarUpa sandhi-kArya se drava aura dravyoM kI taraha svaroM kA samavAya sambandha sandhi hai athavA kapAToM kI taraha svaroM aura vyaJjanoM kA pratyAsaktimAtra yA saMyogamAtrarUpa sandhi hai| usa sandhi kA vizleSatA, azlIlatA va kaSTatA te virUpatA ko prApta ho jAnA visandhi hai| jahA~ sandhi na karU isa prakAra svecchA se eka bAra bhI sandhi nahIM kI jAtI athavA prakRtivada bhAva prApta hone para bAra - bAra sandhi kArya nahIM hotA hai, vahAM vizleSa ke kArapa vairUpya hotA hai| jahAM padoM kI sandhi karane para unase bIDA, jugupsA aura ama i. lArya kI pratIti ho vahA~ azlIlala doSa hotA hai|' isI prakAra jahA~ sandhi hone para padoM ke pAruSya kA bodha hotA hai, vahA~ kaSTatva doSa hotA hai| A. hemacandra ke anusAra vaktAdi ke aucitya se durvacakAdi meM vakSyamApa hone se doSa nahIM hotaa| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - "zukastrIbAlApAM mukhtNskaarsidye| prahAsAtu ca goSThISu vAcyA durvacakAdayaH / / 1. vahI, pR. 20 2. vahI, vRti, pR. 20 3 vahI, vRtti , pR. 201-202 + vahI, vRtti , pR. 202 5 vahI, pR. 202

Page #234
222 nyanapadatA - Avazyaka pada kA na kahanA nyUnapadatA yA nyanapadatva doSa hai| yathA - "tathAbhUtAM dRSTvA ' ityAdi padya meM "asmAbhiH' pada kA tathA khinnama se pUrva "itthaM pada kA kathana Avazyaka hai, kintu ye pada nahIM kahe gaye haiM, ata: nyUnapadatA doSa hai|' A. hemacandra ne isake aneka udAharaNa diye haiN| upamA kI nyUnatA kA udAharaNa prAkRta meM "saMyacakkA - ajA---' ityAdi diyA hai| isameM upamAna ke rUpa meM kamala va mRpAla kI ukti hone para bhI upameyamata mukha aura mujA kA ullekha na hone se nyUnapadatva doSa hai| isake sAtha - sAtha unhoMne kahIM para nyUnapadatva ke guNa ho jAne kA udAharapa diyA hai - - - 'gAdAliMjanavAmanIkRta - - -' ityAdi tathA kahIM para na gupa aura na doSa hone kA udAharapa - "tiSTheta kopavazAta' ityAdi prastuta kiyA hai| adhikapadatva - adhika pada kA honAhI adhikapadatva doSaM hai / yathA - "sphaTikAkRtinirmala : prakAmaM pratisaMkrAnta nizAtazAstratatvaH / anirUddhasamanvito ktiyuktiH pratimallAstamayodayaH sa ko'pi / / yahA~ "AkRta zabda adhika hone se doSaM hai| isake atirikta A. hemacandra 1. vahI, vR. pR. 202 - vahI, kR. pR. 205 3 vahI.. pu. 205 + vahI, tu, pU, 205-206

Page #235
223 ke adhikapadatva ke pratyayAMza ( padoza) Adi ke aneka udAharapa prastuta kiye haiM, yathA - samAsAdi ke Azya se hI utta artha kI pratIti ho jAne para bhI patyaya Adi kI adhikatA tathA upamA, rUpaka, samAtokti anyokti Adi alaMkAroM meM adhika padoM kA prayoga aadi| sAtha hI unhoMne kahIM para guNa ho jAne kA udAharapa bhI "yadacanA hitamati" ityAdi prastuta kiyA hai| isameM dasarA "vidanti' pada anyayogavyavacheda ke liye hai|' 14 uktapadatva - kisI pada kA do bAra prayoga karanA uktapadatva doSa hai| jaise - "adhikaratalatalyaM .. ' ityAdi udAharapa meM "lIlA" pada kA do bAra prayoga / AcArya hemacandra ne isake gupa ho jAne ke udAharapa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| unake anusAra uktapadatva doSa lATAnupAta meM, zabdazaktimala dhvani meM aura kahIM vihita anuvAda meM gupa ho jAtA hai| tInoM ke udAharapa kramazaH 'jayatikSuNpatimira", "tAlA jAyanti gupA jAlA / evaM "jitendriyatvaM ityAdi diye haiN|' 5 anyAnasthapadatA - jahA~ para pardo kI sthiti anucita sthAna para hotI hai| vahIM para yaha doSa hotA hai| jaise - "priyeNa saMgathya vipakSasaMnidho nivezitAM vakSati pIvarastane / majaM na kAcida vihau jalAvilA vasanti hi prempi guNA na vstuni|' * kAvyAnu, vRti pR, 209 - vahI, vRtti , pR. 209 . vahI, vRtti , pR. 209-210

Page #236
yahA~ "ja kAcinna jahA~ isa prakAra prayoga karanA ucita thaa|' 168 patatprakarSa - jahA~ para kramazaH utkarSa kA hApta ho jAtA hai vahA~ patatprakarSa nAmaka doSa hotA hai| yathA kaHka:kutra na ghurdharAyitadhurIghoro puretkaraH ka :ka :kaM kamalAkaraM vikamalaM kartuM karI nodhtH| ke ke kAni vanAnyaraNyamahiSA nonmalayeyuryataH, siMhIsnehavilAsabaduvasatiH paJcAnano vrtte|| yahA~ kama se anuprAsa kI ghanatA Avazyaka hai| sUkara kI apekSA siMha ke pratipAdana meM adhikatara kaThoravarpatA honI cAhie kiMtu aisA na hone se ukta doSa hai| ukta doSa ke gupa hone kA udAharapa A. hemacandra ne 'prAgapApta - nizumma' ityAdi prastuta kiyA hai jisameM krodha kA abhAva hone para pratatprakarSa nahIM hai| samAptapunarAtta - jahA~ para kA, kiyA, karma Adi ke sambandha se vAkya kI samApti ho jAtI hai aura punaH usa vAkya se saMbaMdhita anya padoM kA prayoga kara diyA jAtA hai to vahA~ samAptapunarAtta 1. vahI, vRtti , pR. 210 2 vahI, vRtti , pR. 213 3. vahI, vRtti , pR.

Page #237
225 doSa hotA hai| yathA "jyotsnAMlimpati candanena sa pumAn siJcatyatI mAlatI mAlA gandhanalaimadhani kurute svAdanyau phANitaH / yastasya prathitAna gupAna prazyati zrIvIracUDAmape - stAratvaM sa ca zApayA mRgayate muktAphalAnAmapi / / yahA~ "cUDAmaNeH' para vAkya samApta ho jAne para tAratvam" ityAdi kA paMcha kI taraha punaH gRhapa camatkArotpAdaka nahIM hai|' yaha kahIM - kahIM na gupa hotA hai na doss| jaise - "prAgaprApta' ityAdi udAharapAra 388 avitargatA - utvAdi ke dvArA rakAra kA lopa hone tathA visarga kA lopa prApta hone para visarga kA jo abhAva hotA hai utte avisargatA doSa kahate haiN| yathA "vIro vinIto nipupo varAkAro nRpotrapsaH / yasya bhRtyA balosiktA mastA badiprabhAniyatAH / / yahA~ para prathama paMkti meM visarga kA lopa ho pAne se luptavitargatA aura ditIya paMkti meM visarga kA "o ho jAne se upahatavitargatA doSa hai / * vahI, vRtti , pR. 213 2. vahI, vRtti , pR. 214 3 vahI, vRtti , pR. 214 + vahI, vRtti , pR, 214

Page #238
226 hatattatA - yaha doSa pA~ca prakAra se saMbhava hai - (!) chandaHzAstra ke lakSapa se rahita, (2 ) yatibhaSTa, (3) lakSapa kA anusarapa karane para bhI agravya, (4) anta laghu ke gurubhAva ko prApta na honA aura (5) rasAnukala chanda na honaa| chandaHzAstralakSaparahita, yathA - "ayi pazyasi saudhamAzritAmaviralasamato maalbhaaripiim| yahA~ vaitAlIya chanda ke yugma pAda meM chaH laghu akSaroM kA nirantara prayoga niSida hone se lakSaNahIna hatavRttatA hai| isI prakAra anya cAra prakAroM ke bhI dRSTAnta hemacandrAcArya nediye haiN|' 1108 saMkIrpatA - eka vAkya ke padoM kA dUsare vAkya ke padoM meM mila jaanaa| yathA kAyaM vAyai puDio karaM ghallei nibraM rUTho / suSyaM gehaI kaNThe hakkei a nattioM thero / / 2 yahA~ "kAkaM- kSipati kara bAdati kaNThe naptAraM gRhNAti pavAnaM meSayati" isa prakAra kahanA ucita thaa| ukti pratyukti meM yaha doSa kahIM - kahIM gupa ho jAtA hai| jaise -"bAle, nAtha, vimaya mAnini" ityAdi / 1. vahI, vRtti , pR. 214 - 215 2. vahIM, vRtti , pR. 215 3 vahI, vRtti pR. 215

Page #239
227 garmitatA - eka vAkya ke madhya meM anya vAkya kA praviSTa ho jaanaa| yathA - parAparAkaraniratarjanaiH saha saMgatiH / vadAmi bhavatastattvaM na vidheyA kadAcana / / / yahA~ tRtIyapAda anyavAkya ke madhya meM praviSTa hone se doSa hai| isake gupa hone kA udAharapa A, hemacandra ne "diDaramAtaM ipTA" ityAdi prastuta kiyA hai| {128 bhagnaprakramatva - prastuta kA bhaMga honA bhagnaprakRmatva doSa hai| jaise - evamukto mantrimukhyaiH pArthivaH pratyabhASata / ' yahA~ para "ukta : isa pada kA prayoga hone ke pazcAt "pratyabhASata" pada kA prayoga huA hai| ataH prakRti ke bhar3a. (vana se bhASa)ho jAne para magnaprakramatva doSa hai| pratyabhASata ke sthAna para pratyavocata kahanA ucita thaa| 8138 ananvitatA - padArthoM kA paraspara asambaddha honA ananvitatA doSa hai| yathA - taranibaddhamuSTe :kozaniSaNpatya sahalamalinasya / kRpapatya kRpApasya ca kevalamAkAra to bhedaH / / 1. vahI, vRtti , pR. 215 - vahI, vRtti , pR. 216 3 vahI, vRtti , pR. 216 + vahI, pR. 223

Page #240
228 yadi yahA~ AkAra zabda kA avayava saMsthAna (AkRti) artha vivakSita hai taba to paraspara parihAra kI sthiti vAle dono arthoM meM yaha meda sida hI hai, ataH kathana vyartha hai| yadi AkAra se "A" varSa vizeSa liyA jAtA hai to varSa niyata hone se kRpapa ora kRpApa rUpa artho ke sAtha usakA sambandha saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH ananvitatA doSa hai| mammaTAcArya ne iSTa sambandha ke abhAva ko abhavamatadoSa kahA hai| AcArya mammaTa tathA hemacandra ke vAkyadoSoM meM maulika rUpa se prAyaH samAnatA hai parantu inake krama tathA kucha nAmoM meM antara hai| jaise - mammaTa ke kathita padatA ko AcArya hemacandra ne uktapadatva kahA hai| isI prakAra asthAnapatA ko asthAnasthapadatva, upahatavitargatA ko avisargatva kahA hai| ananvitatva nAmaka vAkya - doSa kA mammaTa ne ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, yaha nAma nayA hai| mammaTa kA abhavanmata sambandha doSa ananvitatva ke bahuta nikaTa hai| luptavisarga aura dhvastavisarga ko hemacandAcArya ne avisargatva ke antargata hI mAnA hai tathA visandhi ke tIna bhedoM ko pRthak - pRthak na mAnakara eka hI bheda mAnA hai| isa prakAra mammaTa ke 21 vAkyadoSoM ke sthAna para A. hemacandra ne teraha hI vAkya-doSoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| . kAvyaprakAza, pR. 312

Page #241
229 narendrapramasari ne 23 vAkyadoSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - / / rasAyanucitAdhara, (2) lupta-visanti, (3) dhvasta-visargAnta, (4) iSTa sambandhavaMcita, (ananvita athavA abhavanmata sambandha ),(5) samAptapunarArabdhatA, ( 6 ) bhagnapakramatA, (7) akamatA, (8) nyUnapadatA, (1) antirasthaikapadatA, (10 saMkIrpatA, (II) garbhitatA, (12) durvRttatA, (13) sandhivizleSatA, (14)tandhikaSTatA, (15) sandhimalIlatA, (16) aniSTAnyArtha, (17) astyAna-samA saduHstyita, (18) asthAnapada duHsthita, (19) patatprakarSa, (20) aproktavAcya, (21) tyaktapasidi, (22) punarUktapadanyAsa aura (23) atiriktapadatA / yahA~ narendraprabhasari ne mammaTAcArya sammata 21 vAkyadoSoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| ki narendraprabhasari ne visandhi ke tIna bhedoM kI pRthaka-pRthak gaphnA kI hai, ata: inake anusAra vAkya-doSoM kI saMkhyA 23 ho jAtI hai, malatA donoM meM abhinnatA hai| hemacandrAcArya ne jina 13 vAkyadorSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM luptavisarga tathA dhvastavisarga ko unhoMne avisargatA ke antargata hI mAnA hai tathA visandhi ke tIna bhedoM ko pRthak-pRthak na mAnakara kevala eka hI bheda mAnA hai| isa prakAra A. hemacandra ke prasaMga meM 13 vAkya-doSoM (avisarga ke do tathA visandhi ke tIna bhedoM sahita6)doSoM kA vivecana to pahale hI kiyA / . alaMkAramahodadhi, 5/2-6

Page #242
jA cukA hai| zeSa jina 7 doSoM - rasAdyanucitAkSara, akramatA, arddhAntirasthaikapadatA, aniSTAnyArtha, asthAnasamAsaduH sthita, aprokta vAcya aura vyakta-prasiddhi ko A. narendraprabhasUri ne mammaTAcAryAnusAra svIkAra kiyA hai, unake lakSaNa va udAharaNa nimna prakAra se haiM rasAdhanacitAkSara yathA - yathA - akramatA - jahA~ para krama kA abhAva ho / - rasa ke pratikUla varSoM kA prayoga | "akuNThotkaNThayA pUrNamAkaNThaM kalakaNThi mAm / kambukaNThyAH kSaNaM kaNThe kurU kuNThArtimudura / / yahA~ zRMgAra rasa ke pratikUla Tavarga kA prayoga hone se doSa hai| - turaGgamatha mAtaMgaM prayacchAsmai madAlasam / kAnti-pratApau bhavata: sUryAcandramaso: samo || 2 yahA~ "mAtaMgamatha turaMgam" aura "krAnti-pratApI bhavataH samau candra vivasvato: " kahanA ucita thA, kintu isake viparIta kahane se doSa hai| 1. alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 131 2. vahI, pR. 135 230 -

Page #243
arddhAntarasthaikapadatA - jahA~ pUrvArddha se sambaddha eka pada uttarArddha meM sthita ho| yathA - aniSTAnyArtha yathA - yathA mAvadarthapadAM vAcamevamAdAya mAdhavaH / virarAma mahIyAMsaH prakRtyA mitabhASiNaH / / ' yahA~ ' virarAma' isa pada ko pUrvArddha meM rakhanA ucita thA / 1. 2. 3. - hone se doSa hai| - jahA~ anyArtha prakRta rasa ke virUddha ho / rAmamanmathazareNa tADitA duHsahena hRdaye nizAcarI / gandhavadd rUdhiracandanocitA jIvitezvasatiM jagAma sA / / 2 asthAnAsamAsa duHsthita yahA~ prakRta vIbhatsa rasa ke virUddha zRMgAra rasa kA vyaJjaka anyArtha - vahI, pR. 136 vahI. pR. 136 vahI. pR. 139 anucita sthAna para samApta karanA / adyApi stanazailadurgaviSame sImantinInAM hadi / sthAtuM vAJchati mAna evaM dhigiti krodhAdivAlohitaH / / prodyaddUrataraprasAritakaraH karSatyasau tatkSaNAt / phullatkaikhako zainissaradalizreNIkRpApaM zazI 113 231

Page #244
232 yahA~ kuDa ( candramA) kI ukti meM samAsa nahIM kiyA hai aura kavi kI ukti meM kiyA hai, ata: doSa hai| apoktavAcya - avazya kathanIya ko na kahanA / yathA - aprAkRtasya caritA tizayaizca dRSTai ratyat tairmama hatatya tathA' pynaathaa| ko'pyeSa vIrazizukAkRtiraprameyamAhAtmyasArasamudAyamayaH pdaarth||' yahA~ "mama hRtasya" ke sthAna para "apamRto'smi isa rUpa meM vidhi kA kathana karanA cAhie thA, kyoMki tathA'pi' isa pada kA dvitIya vAkya meM hI prayoga kiyA jAnA saMbhava hai| ataH prathama vAkya ko dvitIya se pRthaka karane ke lie ukta prakAra se avazya kathanIya ko na kahane se doSa hai| tyakttapasiddhi - prasiddhi kA atikramapa karanA / yathA - rapanti pakSipaH veDaM cakrIvanto vitnvte| idaM baMhitamazvAnAM kakudamAneSa heSate / / yahA~ maMjIra Adi meM rapita, pakSiyoM meM kRSita, sUrata meM svanita - mapita Adi tathA meghoM meM garSita Adi kI pratidi kA atikramapa hone se doSa hai| 1. vahI, pR. 140 2. vahI, pR. 140

Page #245
233 AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne caudaha vAkya - doSa mAne haiN|| A. hemacandra dvArA svIkRta teraha vAkya - doSoM meM hatavRttatA ko chor3akara zeSa bAraha unheM samAnarUpa se mAnya haiN| inake atirikta arthAntaraikavAcaka aura abhavanmatayoga - ye do mammaTa sammata doSa bhI unheM mAnya hone se unake anusAra caudaha vAkya - doSa haiN| inake lakSapa va udAharapa prAyaH pUrvasvIkRta hI haiN| AcArya bhAvadevatari ne 32 vAkya doSa mAne haiM, jo isa prakAra hai - (1) zrutikaTu, (2) cyutasaMskRti, (3) zithila, (4) anucitaH, (5) neyArtha, (6) asamartha, (7) kliSTa, (8) nirarthaka, (1) gAmya, (10) saMdigdha, (II) kathita, (12) vikRta (13) nihatArtha, (14) viruddhamatikRta, (15) samAptapunarAtta, (16) apalIla, (17) apayukta, (18) avimRSTa vidheyAMza, (19) patatprakarSa, (20 ) upahRta - visarga, (21) luptavisarga, (22) visaMdhi, (23) kusaMdhi, (24) hatavRtta, (25) nyUna, ( 26 ) adhika, (27) asthAnatya, (28) bhagnaprakama, (29) garbhita, (30) aprasida, (31) saMkIrpa aura (32) akramA2 inake ladhapa nAmAnurUpa 1. kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa - pR. 24 2 kAvyAlaMkArasAra - 3/1-5

Page #246
234 abhI taka ukta ina vAkya - doSIM ke vivecana se ye spaSTa hotA hai ki ina jainAcAryoM ne mammaTa kA anusarapa karate hue bhI apanI mAnyatAnusAra nyanAdhika vivecana kiyA hai| A. vAgbhaTa prathama ne 8, hemacandra ne 13, narendraprabhasari ne 23, vAgbhaTa - dvitIya ne 14 va mAvadevatari ne 32 vAkya - doSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| A. hemacandra ko prAyaH mammTa kA anuyAyI kahA jAtA hai para unhoMne kevala teraha vAkya-doSoM kA ullekha kara nizcaya hI mammaTa se bhinna apanI mAnyatA sthApita kI hai| ubhayadoSaH - pada tathA vAkya donoM meM eka sAtha pAye jAne vAle doSoM ko ubhaya - doSa kahA gayA hai| A. mammaTa ne yadyapi "ubhaya-doSa nAma kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai tathApi pada tathA vAkya meM samAnarUpa se rahane vAle doSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| mammaTAnusAra isa prakAra ke teraha doSa haiN(|) atikTu, (2) aprayukta, (3) nihatArtha, (4) anucitArtha, (5) avAcaka (6) apalIla, (7) saMdigdha, (8) apatIta, (9) grAmya, (10) neyArya, (II) avimRSTavidheyAMza aura (13) viruddhamatikRta - ye teraha doSa padoM ke atirikta vAkyagata bhI hote haiN| mammaTa ne ina sabake padagata udAharapa dene ke bAda vAkya gata udAharapa bhI diye haiN| inameM se lagabhaga chaH doSaM padAMzagata bhI haiN|' * kAvyaprakAza, 7/52 / padagata udAharapa-kAvyaprakAza pR. 267-280, vAkyagata udAharaNa pu. 281 -294 va padAMjhaMgata udAharaNaM - pU. 295-300 /

Page #247
235 hemacandrAcArya ne ubhaya - doSoM kA svatantrarUpa se vivecana kiyA hai| unake anusAra ubhayadoSa 8 prakAra ke haiM -(1) aprayukta, (2 ) azlIla, ( 3 ) asamartha, (4) anucitArya (5) zrutikaTu. (6) kliSTa, (7) avimRSTavidheyAMza aura (B) virudbuddhikRt|' unapayuktattva - kaviyoM dvArA anAdata apayukta doSa hai| yaha lokamAtra - prasiddha aura zAstramAtraprasiddha bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| lokamAtraprasiddhapada doSaM jaise - "kaSTaM karya roditi thtkRteym|| yahA~ "yUtkRtA" yaha pada lokamAtra meM prasiddha hone se pada - doSa hai| vAkyadoSa, yathA - tAmbalabhRtagallo'yaM bhallaM janpati maanussH| karoti khAdanaM pAnaM sadaiva tu yathA tathA / / ' yahA~ galla, bhalla Adi aneka zabda lokamAtra meM prasiddha hone se vAkya - doSa haiN| ise mammaTa ne vAkyagata grAmyatva doSa kA udAharapa mAnA AcArya hemacandra ne lokamAtra prasiddha aprayuktadoSa ke padagata aura vAkyagata donoM ke kahIM - kahIM gupa ho jAne ke udAharapa bhI kramazaH 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, 3/6 2. vahI, pR. 226 3 vahI, pR. 227 + kAvyaprakAza, pR. 285

Page #248
"deva svastivayaM" ityAdi aura "phullukkaraM kalamakarasamaM vahanti" ityAdi prastuta kiye haiN| yathA sAtha jaise zAstramAtrapratidu padadoSa, yahA~ ' devata' zabda pulliMga meM liMgAnuzAsana meM hI prasiddha hai| ataH doSa hai| athavA "samyagjJAnamahAjyoti" ityAdi maiM Azaya zabda vAsanA ke paryAya rUpa meM yogazAstra meM hI prasiddha hai| isI prakAra se dhAtupATha aura abhidhAnakoza meM prasiddha padoM ke udAharaNa bhI diye haiN| inake kahIM para guNa hone kA udAharaNa "sarvakAryazarIreSu" ityAdi tathA zleSa meM usake na guNa hone aura na hI doSa hone kA udAharaNa "yena dhvastamanobhavena ityAdi - yathA'yaM dAruNAcaraH sarvadaiva vibhAvyate / tathA manye daivato'sya pizAco rAkSaso'tha vA / / sAtha prastuta kara diye haiN| zAstramAtra pratiddha vAkyagatadoSa, 236 tasyAdhimAtropAyasya tIvrasaMvegatAjuSaH / dRDhabhUmiH priyaprApto yatnaH saphalitaH sarave // 12 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 227 22 vahI, pR. 229

Page #249
237 yahA~ adhimAtropAya Adi zabda yogazAstra mAtra meM prasiddha hone se doSa hai| isake kahIM - kahIM gupa hone kA udAharapa, yathA "asmAkamya - hemante' ityaadi| azlIlatva - tIdA, jagapsA tathA amaMgala vyajakatArupa bheda se ye tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| vIDAbhivyajaka padagata, yathA - sAdhanaM sumalyasya yannAnyasya vilo kyte| tasya dhIzAlinaH ko'nyaH sahetArAlitAM bhuvam / / yahA~ para "sAdhana zabda puruSa kA liMgavAcaka hone se vIDAbhi vya-jaka hai| vAkyagata, yathA - bhUpatelpatarpantI kampanA vaamlocnaa| tattatpahaphnotsAhavatI mohanamAdadhau / / yahA~ prapana, upasarpapa aura mohana zabda vIDAdAyaka hone se doSa hai| isI prakAra jagapsA aura amaMgalavyajaka azlIlatva ke bhI padagata aura vAkyagata doSa ke udAharapa A, hemacandra ne diye haiN| sAtha hI kAmazAstra . vahI, pR. 229 2. vahI, pR. 229 3 vahI, pR. 230

Page #250
238 aura rAmakathAoM meM unake guNa hone ke udAharaNa bhI prastuta kie haiN| asamarthatva - avAcaka hone se kalpitArtha hone se aura sandigdhatA hone se vivakSita artha ko na kahane kI zakti hI asamartha doSa hai| padagatadoSa kA udAharapa, yathA - hA dhik sA kila tAmatI zazimusI dRSTA mayA yatra sA, tadicchedajA'ndhakA ritamidaM dagrya dina kalpitam kiM kurmaH, kuzale sadaiva vidhuro ghAtAM na ghettAmayaM, tAdRgyAmavatImayo bhavati me no jiivloko'dhunaa||' yahA~ dina sa pada prakAzamaya artha ko kahane meM avAcaka (asamartha) vAkyagata, yathA - vijante na ye bhUpamAlabhante na te shriym| Avahanti na te duHse prasmaranti na ye priyaam||2 yahA~ vibhana ti (vibhAga) sevana ko Alamati (vinAza)lAbha ko Avahati (karoti - karatA hai)dhArapa ko aura prasmarati (vismarapa) smarapa artha ko kahane me avAcaka( asamartha hai| 1. 2 vahI, pR. 231-232 vahI. pR. 236

Page #251
kalpita artha hone se asamarthatA kimucyate'sya bhUpAla maulimAlAmahAmaNaiH / sudurlabhaMvaco bANaistejo yasya vibhAvyate / / / vAkyagata, yathA - yahA~ "vaca: " zabda te "gI" zabda lakSita hotA hai, ataH kalpitArthatva hone se asamartha doSa hai / mammTa ne yahA~ padAMzagata neyArthatA doSa mAnA hai| 2 - sapadi paMkti vihaMgamanAmbhRttanaya saMvilitaM balazAlinA / vipulaparvatavarSizitaiH zaraiH plavagasainyamuluka jitA jitam / / 3 - isakA padagata udAharaNa yahA~ paMkti dasa saMkhyA kA bodhaka hai| vihaMgama kA artha hai cakra, usa nAma ko dhAraNa karane vAlA (cakrabhRt) rth| arthAta dasa ratha jisake haiM (dazaratha), usake putra rAma lakSmaNa ulUkajitA - indra ko jItane vAle haiN| isa prakAra kalpita hone se asamarthatva doSa hai| 1. vahI, pR. 236 2. kAvyaprakAza, pU, 300 3. kAvyAnu, pR, 236 saMdigdhArya hone se asamartha doSa isakA padagata udAharaNa - aliGgitastatra bhavAnsamparAye jayazriyA / AzI: paramparAM vandyAM karNe kRtvA kRpAM kuru / 114 kAvyAnuzAsana, pR, 237 239

Page #252
240 yahA~ para "vanyAM" pada dandI ke saptamI vibhakti ekavacana meM payakta hokara bandI banAyI gayI mahilA kA bodhaka hai athavA AzI: paramparAM, kA vizeSapa evaM dvitIyA vibhakti eka - vacana meM prayukta hokara pajyA kA bodhaka hai, isameM saMdeha hai| vAkyagata, yathA - surAlayollAsaparaH prAptaparyAptakampanaH / mArgapapravapo bhAsvada matireSa vilokyate / / ' yahA~ para sura, kampanA, mArgapa evaM mAsvamati kramamAH deva, sonA, bApa aura vibhUti artha ke vAcaka haiM athavA kramazaH madirA, kampana, mikSA evaM rAta Adi artha ke vAcaka haiM, isameM saMdeha hai, ataeva asamarthatA do hai| AcArya hemacandra ne mammaTa sammata avAcakatA, prasiddhitatA, neyAryatA va saMdigdhatA nAmaka doSoM kA antarbhAva asamarthatva doSa meM kara liyA hai| anucitArthatA doSa - padagata yathA, tapasvibhiryA sucirepa labhyate prayatnataH satrimiriSyate ca yaa| prayAnti tAmAzu gatiM yazasvino rapAzvamedhe pshupaagtaaH||' vahI, pR. 237 kAvyAna, viveka TIkA, pR. 229 vahI, pR. 238

Page #253
241 yahA~ para pazu pada kAtaratA kI abhivyakti kara rahA hai jo ki anacita hai| (yahA~ para vIroM kI zUratA kA varNana honA cAhie) ataeva anucitArtha nAmaka doSa hai| vAkyagata, yathA - kuvindastvaM tAvatpayyati gupgaammbhito| yazo gAyantyete dizi dizi vanasthAstava vibho|| zArajjyotsnAgaurasphuTavikaTa sarvAMga sumgaa| tathApi tvatkIrtimati vigtaasaadnaamih||' yahA~ kuvindAdi zabda julAhAparaka artha ke bhI vAcaka hone se stUyamAna rAjA ke tiraskAra ko vyaMjita karate haiM, ata: doSa hai| zrutikaTutva - parUSavarSa ko zrutikaTu doSa kahate haiN| padagata, yathA - anaMgamaMgalagRhApAMga maatrNgitH| AliGgitaH sa tanvai.gyA kAtAyaM labhate kdaa|| yahA~ "kAtArya pada zrutikaTu hone se doSa hai| vAkyagata, yathA - acaraccaNDi kapolayoste kAntiDavaM DAgvizada shshaaNkH|| - - 1. vahI, pR. 29 2. vahI, pR. 240 hai vahI, pR. 240

Page #254
doSa hai| yahA~ "caNDi" aura "dAga" Adi padoM meM zrutikaTutA hone AcArya hemacandra ne isake vaktA Adi ke aucitya te gupa hone ke udAharaNa bhI prastuta kie haiN| jaise - vaiyAkaraNa ke vaktA aura pratipAdya hone se kramaza: dIdhI. vI. samaH" ityAdi tathA " yathA tvAmahamadrAkSai ityAdi / siMha meM vAcya hone se parUSa zabdoM ke guNa hone kA udAharaNa, "mArtaMGgAH kimu valgitaiH "ityAdi diyA hai| vIbhatsa meM vyaGggya hone para gupa hone kA udAharaNa tathA krodhI vyakti ke tira dhunane Adi kI sthiti meM isake gupa hone kA udAharaNa bhI diyA gayA hai| kahI~ kahI~ para yaha doSa na guNa hotA hai aura na doSaM / jaise zIrNaghrANAdripANIn" ityAdi / kliSTatva vyavadhAnapUrvaka artha kA bodha karAne vAlA kliSTatva doSa hai| padagata, yathA dakSAtmajAdayitavallabhavedikAnAM / jyotsnAjuSA jalalavAstaralaM patanti / / 242 1 1. vahI, pR, 241 - isameM dakSa kI AtmajA tArA, usakA dayita ( priya) candramA, usakI vallabhAyeM candrakAntamapiyAM, usakI vedikAoM kI cA~danI ke sAtha

Page #255
243 saMyoga se caMcala jalakaNa gira rahe haiN| yahA~ artha kI pratIti vyavadhAnapUrvaka hone se doSa hai| jhaTityartha kI pratIti meM gupa hotA hai| jaite - kAcIgupa - sthAnamaninditAyAH kliSTadoSa kA vAkyagata udAharaNa - dhammilatya na katya prekSya nikAmaM kurNgshaavaakssyaaH| rajyatyapUrvabandhavyutpattemAnasa zobhAm / / ' yahA~ kezapAza kI zobhA dekhakara kisakA mana rajita nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra darasthita sambandha meM kliSTatA doSa hai| avimRSTavidheyAMza - jahA~ pradhAnarUpa se vidheyAMza kA kathana na kiyA gayA ho vahA~ ye doSa hotA hai| padagata, yathA - vapurvirUpAkSamalakSyajanmatA digambaratvena niveditaM vtu| vareSu yada bAlamRgAdhi mRgyate tadasti kiM vyastamapi trilocne||2 yahA~ alakSyatA anuvApa nahIM hai, apitu viSaya hai, ataH "alakSitA janiH' yaha kahanA cAhie thA / 1. vahI, pR, 242 2. vahI, pR. 242 ,

Page #256
vAkyagata, yathA 1 zayyA zAdbalamAsanaM zucizilA saddmadrumApAmadha: zItaM nirjharavAri pAnamazanaM kandAH sahAyA mRgAH / / ityaprArthitasarvalabhya vibhave doSo'pyameko vane / kaSTaprApArdhini yatparArthaghaTanAbandhyairvRthA sthIyate / / ' 1 yahA~ " zAddala" isa anuvAda vAkya se " zayyA" Adi vidheya hai| doSa hI hai, vAkyArya nahIM / yahA~ zabda racanA viparIta karane se vAkya virUddha buddhikRta padagata, yathA vAkyagata, yathA - gorapi yadvAhanatAM prAptavataH so'pi girisutA siMhaH / savidhe nirahaGkAraH pAyAdaH so'mbikAramapaH 11 2 - yahA~ ambikA ramaNa kA artha gaurIramapa vivakSita hai, kintu mAtRramaNa isa prakAra viruddhabuddhi utpanna hone se doSa hai| 1. vahI, pR. 242 22. vahI, pR. 260 3. vahI, pR. 260 anuttamAnubhAvasya parairapihitaujasaH / akArya sudo'smAkamapUrvAstava kI taya 113 244

Page #257
245 yahA~ "akAryoM meM mitra" "bure kAmoM meM mitra" tathA"apUrva kIrti" meM aparvaka kI ti arthAta akIrti rUpa viruddha artha kI pratIti hone se doSa hai / isake kahIM - kahIM guma hone kA udAharapa "abhidhAya tadAtadapiyaM" ityAdi diyA hai| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne aneka udAharaNoM dvArA viSaya ko aura adhika spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA tathA eka - eka doSa se saMbaMdhita sabhI bAteM eka sAtha hI kaha dI haiN| AcArya mammaTa ke nihatArtha, avAcaka, saMdigdha, apratIta, gAmya aura neyArya ko AcArya hemacandra ne alaga se svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, apitu inakA samAveza svIkRta doSoM meM hI kara liyA hai| asamartha nAmaka ubhayadoSa meM avAcaka, kalpita tathA saMdigdha ko samAhita kara liyA hai| unhoMne jina doSoM ko jisake antargata svIkAra kiyA hai usameM tat - tata doSoM ke udAharapa diye haiN| sAtha hI doSoM ke antarbhAva kA yatra - tatra svoyajJa viveka TIkA meM ullekha diyA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne teraha doSa padagata aura unameM kliSTa, avimRSTavidheyAMza tathA viruddhamatikRta ina tIna ko milAkara 16 doSa samAsagata mAne hai| isI prakAra ina 16 meM se cyutasaMskAra, asamartha aura nirarthaka ina tIna doSoM ko chor3akara zeSa 13 vAkyagata doSa mAne haiM tathA inhIM meM se 6 ko padAMzagata doSa ke udAharapa ke rUpa meM bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| parantu hemacandrAcArya ne isa

Page #258
246 pakAra kA vibhAjana nahIM kiyA hai apitu uparyukta 8 doSoM ko svataMtrarUpa te pratipAdita kiyA hai jo pada tathA vAkya dono meM samAnarUpa se pAye jAte haiN| narendraprabhasari ne 15 vAkyadoSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| (1) grAmya, (2) saMdigdha, (3) duHprava, (4) apratIta, (5) ayogyArtha (anucitArtha), (6) aprayukta, (7) avAcaka, (8) juguptAjanaka azlIla, (1) amaMgalajanaka azlIla, (10) vIDAjanaka azlIla, (11) neyArtha, 12) nihatArtha, (13) viruddhamatikRta, (14) avimRSTavidheyAMza aura (15) sNklisstt|' ___ inameM se 8 doSoM kA vivecana hemacandrAcArya ke ubhaya-doSa varNana ke prasaMga meM kiyA jA cukA hai| juguptA, amaMgala aura dIDAjanaka - ina tInoM ko hemacandra ne eka azlIla doSa ke antargata mAnA hai| isI prakAra apayukta meM gAmya, apratIta, aprayukta aura nihatArtha tathA asamartha meM saMdigdha, avAcaka aura neyArtha kA antarbhAva kiyA hai| narendraprabhatarikRta ubhayadoSoM ke lakSaNoM va udAharoM meM koI navInatA nahIM hai| A. vAgbhaTa-dvitIya ne nirarthaka Adi 16 zabdadoSa mAne haiN|2 unake anusAra ye sabhI zabda-doSa pada aura vAkya meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte hai tathA inakA ullekha pahale pada-doSa prasaMga meM kiyA jA cukA hai| 1. alaMkAramahodadhi, 5/6 - 8 kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa -pu. 12

Page #259
247 arthadoSa - vibhinna kArapoM ke dvArA artha ke dUSita hone ko arthadoSa kahate haiN| mammTAcArya ne 23 arthadoSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai -(1) apuSTa, ( 2 ) kaSTa, (3) vyAhata, (4) punarUkta, (5) duSkama, (6) grAmya, ( 7) saMdigdha, (8) nirheta, (1) prasiddhiviruddha, (10) vidyA viruddha, (11) anavIkRta, (12) saniyama - parivRtta, (13) aniyama - parivRtta, (14) vizeSa - parivRtta, (15) avizeSa - parivRtta, (16) AkAMkSA, (17) apayukta, (18) sahacara-bhinna, (19) prakAzitavirUda, (20) vidhyayukta, (21) anuvAdAyukta, (22) tyaktapunaH svIkRta aura (23) avalIlA' AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne arthadoSoM ke sambandha meM mAtra itanA likhA hai ki - binA kisI kArapa ke deza, kAla, Agama, avasthA aura davyAdi ke viruddha artha kA gumpana nahIM karanA caahie| yathA - caitra mAsa ke prAraMbha meM vikasita kuTaja puSpoM kI paMkti te muskarAtI huI dizAoM meM hima - kapa ke sRdaza uSpa sUrya ke ati pracaNDa ho jAne para marusthala ke sarovara meM jalakrIDA ke liye Ae hue mada ke kArapa andha hAthiyoM ke baccoM ko viSama- bApoM ke prahAra se yogIjana bedha rahe haiN| yahA~ basanta Rtu meM kuTaja puSpoM kA puSpita honA, kAlaviruddha, sUrya meM himakapa ke samAna zItalatA. dravyaviruddha, masthala ke sarovara meM jalakrIr3A dezaviruda, hAthiyoM ke baccoM kA mada ke * kAvyapakAza, 7/55 - 57 2. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 2/27 3 vAgbhaTAleMkAra, 2/28

Page #260
248 kAraNa andha ho jAnA avasthAvirudu aura yogIjanoM dvArA bApoM se hAthI mAranA Agamaviruddha hone se doSa hai| hemacandrAcArya ne prAyaH mammaTa kA anusarapa karate hue 20 artha - doSoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai - (1) kaSTa, (2) apuSTa, (3) vyAhata, (4) grAmya, (5) azlIla, (6) sAkAMkSa, (7) saMdigdha, (8) akama, (1) punarUkta, (10) sahacarabhinna, (11) virUdavyaMgya, (12) prasiddhi viruddha, (13) vidyAviruddha, (14) tyaktapuna rAtta, (15) parivRttaniyama, (16) parivRtta - aniyama, (17) parivRtta - sAmAnya, (18) parivRtta - vizeSa, (19) parivRtta - vidhi aura (20) parivRtta - anuvaad|' isake sodAharapa lakSapa unhoMne isa prakAra diye haiM - 14 kaSTa - "kaSTAvagamyatvAtkaSTa tvarthatya' arthAt artha kA kaSTapUrvaka jJAna honA kaSTatva doSa kahalAtA hai| yathA - sadAmadhye yAsAmamatarasaniSpandasarasA sarasvatyudadAmA vahitabahumAyAM primlm| prasAdaM tA etA dhanaparicayAH kena mahatAM mahAkAvyavyomni sphuritarUcirAyAM tu ruucyH||2 * kAvyAnuzAsana, 3/7 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, pU, 261

Page #261
arthAta jina kavi - rUciyoM ke pratibhArUpa prabhAvoM ke madhya meM bahuta mArgavA sukumAra, vicitra aura madhyama rUpa mArgatraya vAlI sarasvatI camatkArapUrvaka pravAhita hotI rahatI hai, ve kavirUciyAM sargabandha lakSaNa rUpa mahAkAvyAkAza meM paricayagata hokara dRzya kAvya kI bhAMti kaise prasannatA utpanna karA sakatI hai' ? tathA jina sUryaprabhAoM ke madhya meM tripathagA pravAhita hotI hai, ve Aditya prabhAeM megha se paricita hone vAlI kaise prasanna ho sakatI hai ? isa prakAra yahA~ para dRzya kAvya kI apekSA mahAkAvya kI racanA kaThina hotI hai| isa artha kI pratIti bahuta kaThinAI se hotI hai, ataH kaSTatva doSa hai| $28 apuSTArthatA - "prakRtAnupayogo'puSTArthatvam" arthAt prakRti meM anupayogI honA / yathA - tamAlazyAmalaM kSAramatyacchamatiphenilam / phAlena laMghayAmAsa hanUmAneSa sAgaram / / yahA~ " tamAlazyAmala" Adi ke grahaNa na karane para bhI prakRta artha kI pratIti meM koI bAdhA na hone se ukta doSa hai| 249 138 ghAtaka honA vyAhatatva doSa kahalAtA hai / vyAhata - * pUrvAparavyAghAto vyAhatatvaM" arthAt pUrvApara artha kA 1. vahI, pR. 261

Page #262
250 yathA - jAhi zatrukalaM kRtsnaM jaya vizvaMbhirA mimaas| na ca te ko'pi vidveSTA srvbhuutaanukmpin||' yahA~ vidveSa ke abhAva meM zatruvadha pUrvApara virUddha hone se ukta doSa 156 gAmya - "avaidagdhyaM gAmyatvaM' arthAta avidagdhA (cAturya kA abhAva) gAmyatva doSa hai| yathA svapiti yAvadayaM nikTo janaH svapimi tAvadaha kimapeti te| iti nigaya niranumekhalaM mamakaraM svakarepa srodha sA / / 2 15 apalIla - "vIDAdivyajakatvamalIlatvaM. arthAta lajjA Adi kI vyajakatA amalIla doSa hai| jaise - hantumeva pravRttasya stabdhatya vivraissipH| yathAzu jAyate pAto na tathA punarUnnatiH / / duSTa vyakti ke liye prayukta uparyukta para se puruSa jananendriya - - - - - - 1. vahI, pR. 262 2. vahI, pR. 262 , vahI, pR. 262

Page #263
251 kI zrI pratIti hotI hai, ata: azlIlatva doSa hai| 368 sAkAi.4 - sAkAsatvam arthAta AkAMkSAyukta honA hI sAkAGkSatva doSa hai| yathA arthitve prakTIkRte'pi na phalaprAptiH prabho pratyuta, dvAn dAzarathi viruddhacarito yuktastayA knyyaa| utkarSaJca parasya mAnayazaso visaMtanaM cAtmanaH, strIratnaJca jagatpatizamukho devaH kayaM mRssyte||' yahA~ "strIratna ke pazcAta "upekSita" isa pada kI AkAMkSA rahatI hai| parasyakA "strIratna se sambandha karanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki "parasya" kA sambandha utkarSa ke sAtha pahale hI ho cukA hai| isI prakAra - . gRhItaM yenAptIH paribhavamayAnnocitamapi prabhAvAdhAtyAbhUnna sulu tava kazcinna vissyH| parityaktaM tena tvamati sutokAnna tu mayAda vimokSye shstr| tvAmahamapi yataH svasti bhvte||2 . vahI, pR. 262 - vahI, pR. 263

Page #264
252 yahA~ para zastratyAga meM hetu kI AkAMkSA bane rahane se doSa hai| ite A. mammaTa ne nirhetutva ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai|| ___ "jahA~ AkAMkSA nahIM rahatI vahAM doSa nahIM rahatA hai| isakA udAharapa "candraM gatA padamagupAnna bhuGkte' ityAdi hemacandra ne mammaTa ke sadRzA hI diyA hai| 2 yahA~ rAtri meM kamala kA saMkoca aura dina meM candramA kI kAntirahitatA lokaprasiddha hai| 'na mukte" ke liye hetu kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai| mammaTa ne nita nAmaka eka pRthak arthadoSa svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandrAnusAra nirhetu kA sAkAMkSatA meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, alaga te mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| 3178 saMdigdhatA - "saMghAyahetutvaM sandigdhatvaM' arthAt saMzaya ke hetu ko saMdigdha doSa kahate haiN| yathA mAtsaryamutsArya vicArya kAryamAryAH smryaadmdaahrntu| ramyA nitambAH kima madharApAmuta smarasmera vilaasiniinaam|| yahA~ prakarapa ke abhAva meM sandeha hone se doSa hai| zAnta athavA zrRMgAra kisI eka kA kathana karane para artha nizcita ho sakatA hai| * kAvyaprakAza, pR. 330 - kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 263 3 kAvyAnu TIkA, pR. 263 + vahI, pR| 263

Page #265
253 18 akramatva - "pradhAnanyArthasya pUrva nirdezAH kramastabhAvo' kramatvam" arthAta pradhAna artha kA pUrva nirdezA karanA krama hai aura usakA abhAva akramatva doSa kahalAtA hai| mammTa ne ite duSkama kahA hai| isakA udAharapa hemacandrAcArya ne isa prakAra diyA hai - "turagamayadA mAtaDaM meM prayaccha madAlasam' yahA~ "mAtagaM"kA pahale nirdeza karanA ucita thA / athavA kama ke anuSThAna kA abhAva akramatva hai ( kamAnuSThAnAbhAvo vAkramatvama") yathA - 'kArA vikrama rAuraM - ityaadi| AcArya hemacandra ne kahIM - kahIM atizayokti meM isake gupa ho jAne kA udAharapa bhI sAtha - sAtha diyA hai| jaise - "pazcAtparyatya kirapAnudIpaM candramaNDalam" ityaadi| 2 114 punarUktatva - "dvirabhidhAnaM punarUktama arthAta eka hI artha kA do bAra kathana karanA punarUkta doSa kahalAtA hai| yathA prasAdhitasyAtha madhudviSo'bhadanyaiva lakSmI riti yuktmett| vapuSyazeSe'khilalokakAntA sAnanyakAmyA jhuratItarA tu / / * isa prakAra kahakara isI artha ko punaH dUsare loka dvArA kahate - - - - - - - - - - - 1. vahI, pR. 264 2. vahI, pR. 264 * kAvyAnu, vRtti, pR. 264 * vahI, pR. 26

Page #266
254 kapATavistIpamanoramoraH sthalasthitazrIlalanasya tsy| AnanditA zeSananA babhava sAMgataMginyaparaiva lakSmIH / / ' ataH yahA~ eka hI artha kA do bAra kathana hone se doSa hai| isake kahIM - kahIM gupa hone kA udAharapa A. hemacandra ne "prAptAH priyaH sakalakAma" ityAdi diyA hai| yaha nirveda ke vazIbhUta (udAsIna ) vyakti kA kathana hone se zAntarasa kI puSTi karatA hai| ataH yahA~ punarUktatva doSa guNa ho gayA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne anavIkRtatva nAmaka eka anya arthadoSa mAnA hai aura usI ke udAharapharUpa meM prAptAH zriyaH' yaha udAharapa prastuta kiyA hai| unake anusAra yahA~ eka hI artha kA punaH punaH kayana kiyA gayA hai, ata: koI navInatA nahIM hai| isaliye anavIkRtatva doSa hai| 3310 bhinnasahacaratva - "ucita sahacAribhedoM bhinnatahacaratvam arthAta ucita sahacara kI bhinnatA bhisahacaratva doSa hai| yathA - zrutena buddhirvyasanena marmatA madana nArI salilena nimgaa| nizA zazAGkena dhRtiH samAdhinA nayena vAlakiyate nrendrtaa||' yahA~ zruti - buddhi Adi utkRSTa sahacaroM se vyasana - mItA rUpa nikRSTa sahacara kI bhinnatA bhinnasahacaravi doSa hai| 1. vahI, pR. 264 3 vahI, 267 3 kAvyaprakAza, udA. 272 + kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 267

Page #267
255 1108 viruddhavyaMgyatva - "vildaM vya jayaM yasya tadAvo virUdravyaMgyatvam" arthAta viruddha vyaMgya kA bhAva hI ukta doSa hai| yathA - "lagnaM rAgAvRtA gayA - - - - - - - - - - -- / ' ityAdi meM "viditaM te'stu' (tumheM mAlUma honA cAhie) isase "lakSmI usako chor3a rahI hai| isa virUddha vyaMgya kI pratIti ho rahI hai, ataH yahA~ viruddhavyaMgyatva doSa hai| 1128 prasiddhivirudatva - "prasidayA vidyA bhizca viruddhtvm| tatra prasiddhi vidvatvaM" arthAta prasiddhi ke viruddha kathana karanA uta doSa hai / yathA - idaM te kenoktaM kathaya kamalAtAghadane, yadetasmin hemnaH kTakamiti dhatse sulu dhiys| idaM tada duH sAdhyakramapaparamAstra smRtabhuvA, tava prItyA cakraM karakamalamale vinihitm||2 yahA~ kAma kA cakraloka meM aprasiddha hone se doSa hai| athavA "upaparitaraM godAvaryAH ----- / ' ityAdi meM pairoM ke prahAra se azoka meM puSpoM kA nikalanA hI kaviyoM meM prasiddha hai, aMkuroM kA nikalanA nahIM / ata : aMkurodgama * kAnyAnu, pR. 267 2. vahI, pR. 267 3 vahI, pR. 268

Page #268
256 ke varSana meM prasiddhi - vistudoSa hai| athavA anupAta meM, yathA - "cakrI cakrArapaMkti ------' ityAdi udAharaNa meM katrtA aura dharma ke pratinidhi rUpa meM stuti kA varNana anupAta ke anurodha se hI kiyA gayA hai| purApa, itihAsa meM usa prakAra kI prasiddhi nahIM hai| ataH ukta doSa hai| vidyA virudutva - "kalAcaturvargazAstrANi vidyA kalAzca giitnRttcitrkrmaadikaaH| arthAta kalA, caturvarga zAstra vidyA hai aura gIta, nRtta citrakarmAdi kalAeM haiN| gItaviruddha, yathA - zrutisamadhikamuccaiH paJcamaM pIDayantaH tatatamamahInaM bhinnakIkRtya SaDjam / prapijagadurakAku prAvaka snigdhakaNThA: paripatimiti rAtrermAgadhA maadhvaay||2 yahA~ saMgItazAstra virUda kathana hone se gItaviruddha (viyAviruddha ) doSa hai| A. hemacandra ne dharmazAstravisTu,arthazAstraviruda, kAmazAstra virudu aura mozAstraviruddha udAharaNa vRtti meM pRthak - pRthak prastuta kiye haiN| 1. vahI, pR. 268 - vahI, pR. 269

Page #269
257 14 tyaktapunarAttatva - yathA - "lagnaM rAgAvRtAM gayA ----- yahA~ "viditaM te'stu" isa prakAra upasaMhAra hone para bhI tena" ityAdi ke dvArA punaH gRhapa karane te doSa hai|' isake gupa ho jAne kA udAharapa "zItAMzoramRtacchaTA yadi -- ityAdi unhoMne prastuta kiyA hai| 1158 parivRtta - niyama - "parivRtto vinimayitau niyamA niyamoM sAmAnyavizeSo vidhyanuvAdau ca yatra / tdaavsttvm| jisakA niyamapUrvaka kahanA ucita ho use binA kisI niyama ke kaha dene meM ukta doSa hotA hai| yathA - yatrAnullikhitArthamada nikhilaM nipimeta didherUtkarSapratiyogikalpanamapi nyakkArako TiH parA / bhAtAH prAmabhRtAM manorathagatIrUllaMghya yatsampadastasyAbhAtamaNIkRtAzmanu maperadhamatvamevo citm||2 yahA~ chAyA mAtra se mapi bane hue pattharoM meM usa mapi ko patthara rUpa meM hI gaphnA karanA ucita thA, yaha niyama hone para usakA AbhAsa yaha aniyama kahA hai, ataH parivRttaniyama doSa hai| mammaTa ne ise saniyama parivRtta kahA hai| * kAvyAnuzAsana, pR, 267 hai. vahI, pR, 271

Page #270
258 1165 pariqhatta - aniyama - "parivRtto'niyamo niyamena" arthAta jisakA niyamapUrvaka kathana ucita na ho kintu saniyama kathana ho to ukta doSa hotA hai| yathA - vaktrAmbhojaM sarasvatyadhivasati sadA zoSa evAdharaste, bAhuH kAkutsathavIryasmRtikarapapaTurdadhipaste samudraH / vAhinyaH pAzrvamatA: dhapamapi bhavato naiva muJcatya bhIkSaNaM svacche'ntarmAnase'sminkathamavanipate! te'mbupAnA bhilASaH / / ' yaha zopa yaha aniyama vAcya hone para "zopa eva" yaha niyama kahA hai| ataH parivRtta - aniyama doSa hai| 1178 parivRtta - sAmAnya - "parivRttaM sAmAnya vizeSaNa" arthAta sAmAnya kI apekSA vizeSa vAcaka zabda kA prayoga karanA, yathA - kallolavellitadRSatparUSpahAraiH . ratnAnyamani makarAkara] mAvamaMsthAH / ki kaustabhena vihito bhavato na nAma, yAzyAprasAritakaraH purussottmo'pi||2 yahA~ "ekena kiM na vihito bhavataH sa nAma isa sAmAnya ke vAcya hone para "kaustubhena' isa vizeSa kA kyana hone se parivRtta sAmAnya doSa hai| 1. vahI, pR. 271-72 - vahI, pR. 272

Page #271
259 1183 parivRtta - vizeSa - "parivRtto vizeSaH sAmAnyena" arthAta vizeSa kI apekSA sAmAnyavAcaka zabda kA prayoga krnaa| yathA - - - - - prayAmAM zyAmalimAnamAnayata moH sAndairmadhIka cakaiH, mantraM tantramaya prayujya harata zvetotpalAnAM mitm| candraM cUrpayata kSapAcca kapAH kRtvA zilApaTTike yena dRSTumahaM kSame daza dishstdvktrmudraangkitaa||' yahA~ "jyotsanAm" isa vizeSa ke vAcya hone para "zyAmAm" isa sAmAnya kA kathana karane se ukta doSa hai| 8198 parivRtta vidhi - "parivRtto vidhiranu vAdena' arthAt vidhi kI apekSA anuvAda kathana krnaa| yathA - are rAmAhastAbharapa] madhupapreSizarapa! samarakrIDAdrIDAzamana virahiyApadamana! sarohatottaMsa] prcldlniilotplskhe| sakhedo'haM mohUM palathaya kayaya kvenduvdnaa|| yahI vidhi ke vAcya hone para "virajhiApadamana" rUpa anuvAda kA kathana hone se parivRttavidhi doSa hai| * vahI, pR. 272 - vahI, pR. 272

Page #272
8208 parivRtta anuvAda anuvAda kI apekSA vidhi kA kathana karanA / yathA - - *parivRtto'nuvAdo vidhinA" arthAt - prayatnaparibodhita: stutibhiradya zeSe nizAM, akezava pANDavaM bhuvanamadha niH somakam / iyaM parisamApyo rapakathA'dya do: zAlinAM, apaitu ripukAnanAtigurUraha bhAro bhuvaH / / / 1. vahI, pR. 273 260 yahA~ "zapita" isa anuvAda ke vAcya hone para "zeSa" isa vidhi kA kathana karane se parivRtta - anuvAda doSa hai| isa prakAra A. hemacandra ne mammaTa ke 23 arthadoSoM ke sthAna para 20 arthadoSa mAne haiN| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM tathA katipaya udAharaNoM ke pratipAdana meM sAmya dRSTigata hotA hai| mammaTa ne jina anya tIna artha doSoM - 'nirhetu, anavIkRtatva va apayuktatA ko mAnA hai, unameM se nirhetu kA antarbhAva hemacandrAcArya ne sAkAikSa meM kiyA hai tathA anavI kRtatva kA jo udAharaNa mammaTa ne diyA hai use A. hemacandra ne punarUkta doSa ke guNa hone ke udAharaNarUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| niSkarSata: A. hemacandra ne mammaTa ke AdhAra para hI doSaM - nirUpaNa prastuta kiyA hai, kintu vivecana tathA udAharaNoM ke kSetra meM unakI vicAra - sUkSmatA va pANDitya spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| -

Page #273
261 A. narendraprabhasari ne mammaTa dvArA ullikhita 23 arthadoSoM kA hI vivecana kiyA hai|' unake udAharapa bhI prAyaH kAvyAnuzAsana va kAvyaprakAza te gRhIta haiN| A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne 14 arthadoSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jinake nAma isa prakAra hai - (I) kaSTa, (2 ) apuSTa, (3) vyAhata, (4 ) grAmya, (5) azlIla, (6) sAkAMkSa, (7) saMdigdha, (8) akama, (1) punarUkta, (10) sabarabhinna, (11) viduvyaMgya, ( 12 ) prasiddhiviruddha, (13) vidyAviruddha aura (14) nirhetu| isake atirikta unhoMne liyA hai ki parivRtta niyama, parivRtta - aniyama, parivRtta sAmAnya, parivRtta vizeSa, parivRtta vidhi aura parivRtta - anuvAda Adi doSa kAvyapakAza meM kahe jAne para mI pUrvokta doSoM meM unakA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai ataH hamane unakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai|' mAvadevasari ne ATha arthadoSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- (1) amuSTArya, (2) kaSTa, (3) vyAhata, (4) viruddha, (5) anucita, (6) gAmya, (7) saMdigdha aura (8) punarUkta / anucitArya ko jise pUrvAcAryoM ne padagata 1. alaMkAramahodadhi, 5/11-14 2. kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa, pR. 27 3 parivRttaniyamA niyamasAmAnya vizeSa vighyanuvAdAdayaH kAvyaprakAzAdAvuktAvapi puurvoktessvevaantrbhvntiitysmaabhirnoktH| - kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa, svopajJa - alAkAra tilaka TIkA-pR. 29 5. kAvyAlaGkArasAra, 3/19

Page #274
doSa mAnA hai - bhAvadevasUri ne arthadoSa mAnA hai| isa prakAra arthadoSoM ke prasaMga meM vicAra karane se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki prAya: sabhI jainAcAryoM ne AcArya mammaTa ko hI AdhAra mAnakara doSa nirUpaNa kiyA hai| rasa doSa rasavAdI AcAryoM ne rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA, jIvanAdhAyaka tattva mAnA hai| evaMbhUta rasa ke dUSita ho jAne se kAvyatva kI hAni nizcita hai| ataH rasadoSoM ke parihAra hetu unakA jJAna honA atyAvazyaka hai| 1. - 1 AcArya mammaTa ne dasa prakAra ke rasadoSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai (1) svazabdavAcyatA arthAt vyabhicAribhAvoM, ratoM aura sthAyibhAvoM kA svazabda te kathana karanA, ( 2 ) anubhAva tathA vibhAva kI kalpanA se abhivyakti, ( 3 ) rasa ke pratikUla vibhAvAdi kA grahaNa, ( 4 ) eka hI rasa kI punaH punaH dIpti, (5) anavasara meM rata kA vistAra, ( 6 ) anavasara meM rasa kA viccheda, ( 7 ) aGga rasa kA ativistAra, ( 8 ) aMgI rasa kA bhUla jAnA, ( 1 ) prakRtiyoM kA viparyaya aura, ( 10 ) anaGga, (anupayogI ) rasa kA kathana | 2 2 262 prathama maiM tIna aura dvitIya meM do bhedoM ko doSa hote haiN| inheM alaga-alaga mAnane bheda ho sakate haiN| AcArya vizvezvara ne 13 bhedoM ko ginAyA hai| kAvyaprakAza, 7/60-62 milAkara ginane se dasa para dasa ke sthAna para tairaha kAvyaprakAza ke pR. 357 para

Page #275
jainAcArya hemacandra rasa- doSoM ke vivecana prasaMga meM sarvaprathama likhate haiM ki rasAdi kA svazabda se kathana karanA, kahI~ kahIM saMcAribhAva ko chor3akara sadoSa kahalAtA hai| ' unhoMne vRtti meM Adi pada se rasa ke atirikta sthAyibhAva va vyabhicAribhAva ko bhI parigaNita kiyA hai tathA sabhI ke udAharaNa diye haiN| rasa ke sAtha zrRMgArAdi ke svazabda se kathana kA udAharaNa " zrRMgArI girijAnane sakarUpo...... 12 ityAdi tathA sthAyi aura vyabhicAribhAvoM ke svazabda se kathana ke udAharaNa pRthak pRthak diye haiN| yathA - " saMprahArepraharaNaiH. 13 ityAdi evaM "savrIDA dayitAnane.. ..14. ityAdi | unake anusAra kahIM kahIM saMcArI bhAva ke zabdataH kathita hone para bhI doSa nahIM hotA hai isakA udAharaNa unhoMne "autsukyena kRtatvarA sahabhuvA.. 15 - prastuta kiyA hai| - 3. vahI, pR. 160 4. vahI, pR, 160 isake pazcAt vibhAvAdi kI pratikUlatA nAmaka ratadoSa kA vivecana alaga se karate hue AcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai ki rasa ke bAdhita hone para Azraya ke ekya hone para, nirantaratA hone para aura anaGgatA hone para * 6 vibhAvAdi kI pratikUlatA nAmaka rasadoSa hotA hai| yathA "prasAde vartasva 1. rasAde: svazabdo ktiH: kavacita saJcArivarja doSaH kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 159,371 2 vahI, pR, 159 263 - 5. vahI, pR. 160 6. abAdhyatve Azrayaikye nairantarye'naGgatve ca vibhAvAdipAtikUlyam vahI, 3/2

Page #276
/ ' ityAdi meM pakRta zrRMgAra rasa ke pratikUla zAnta rasa ke prakaTaya* * * * * anityatA prakAzana rUpa vibhAga kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai tathA usase prakAzita nirveda bhI AsvAdita ho rahA hai, ataH doSa hai| 264 kintu yahI vibhAvAdi jaba bAdhita rUpa meM kathita hote haiM to doSa nahIM hotA apitu prakRta rasa kA paripoSa hotA hai, yathA- kvAkArya zazalakSmaNaH 12 ityaadi| isI prakAra "satyaM manoramAH zamA : ....13 ityAdi bhI / ... isI prakAra Azrayaikya virodha, nairantarya virodha va anaGgatva virodha bhI hotA hai| Azrayaikya virodha use kahate haiM, jahA~ eka hI Azraya meM vIra aura bhayAnaka jaise do virodhI rasoM kA varNana ho| isa prakAra kA doSa eka rasa kA pratinAyakagata varNana kara dene se samApta ho jAtA hai| 4 jahA~ eka hI Azraya meM binA kisI vyavadhAna ke do virodhI rasoM kA varNana ho to use nairantarya virodha kahate haiN| udAharaNa zAnta va zrRMgAra ye do virodhI rasa eka sAtha kisI vyakti meM utpanna nahIM hote haiN| ata: 1. vahI, pR. 161 2. vahI, pR. 162 3. vahI, pR. 162 4. vahI, pR, 162

Page #277
265 remA varNana karane para nairantarya virodha hotA hai| kintu zAnta tathA zrRMgAra ke madhya anya rasa kA varNana karane se virodha samApta ho jAtA hai|' isI prakAra jaba do virodhI rasa aGgI rUpa meM abhihita ho to doSa hotA hai, kintu jaba eka rasa kisI dUsare pradhAna rasa kA aMga ho jAtA hai to doSa samApta ho jAtA hai|2 ___ tadanantara nimnalikhita 8 rasadoSoM kA A. hemacandra ne vivecana kiyA hai - (I) vibhAva aura anubhAva kI kaSTakalpanA se abhivyakti, (2) eka hI rasa kI punaH punaH dIpti, (3) anavasara meM rasa kA vistAra, (4) anavasara meM rasa kA viccheda, (5) aMga kA ativistAra se varpana, (6) aMgI (rasa) kI vismRti, (7) anaMga kA varNana aura (8) prakRti vytyy| inakA vivecana isa prakAra hai - hai| vibhAvAnubhAva kI kaSTakalpanA dvArA abhivyakti - inameM vibhAva, yathA pariharati rati matiM lunIte skhalatitarAM parivartate ca bhaya H / iti bata viSamA dazAtya dehaM paribhavati prasamaM kimatra kurmH|| 1. vahI, pR. 162 2. vahI, pR. 164 OM vahI, 3/3 + vahI, pR. 169

Page #278
266 yahA~ para varNita rati parihAra Adi anubhAvoM ke karUNa ityAdi * bhI saMbhava hone se kAminI rUpa Alambana vibhAva kI pratI ti bar3I kaThinatA se hotI hai, ata: doSa hai| isI prakAra anubhAva kI kaSTakalpanA kA udAharapa - karparadhalidhavalayutipUradhatadiGamaNDale zizirasociSi tatya yuunH| lIlA ziroM'zukanivezavizeSaklaptivyakta stanonnatirabhannayanAvanau saa||' yahA~ uddIpana (candramA) aura Alambana rUpa (nAyikA) zrRMgAra yogya vibhAva, anubhAva meM paryavasita rUpa meM sthita na hone se anubhAva kI kaSTapUrvaka abhivyakti ho rahI hai| 28 rata kI punaH punaH dIpita - aMgabhUta rasa kA paripoSa ho jAne para bhI bAra - bAra use uddIpta karanA doSa hai, yathA - kumArasaMbhava ke rativilApa meM 12 83 anavasara meM rasa kA vistAra - udAharaNArtha - "veNIsaMhAra" ke dvitIya aMka meM bhISmAdi aneka vIroM ke yuddha meM vinAza ke avasara para duryodhana kA zrRMgAra varSana anavasara meM rasa kA vistAra hai|' * vahI. pR. 170 2. vahI, pR. 170 - vahI, pR. 170

Page #279
848 anavasara meM rasa kA viccheda udAharaNArtha "vIracarita" nATaka ke dvitIya aMka meM rAma tathA parazurAma ke yuddhottAha meM avicchinna rUpa se pravRtta hone para rAma kI yaha ukti - "kaGkaSamocanAya gacchAmi' anavasara meM hI rasAsvAdana meM viccheda karAne vAlI hai, kyoMki isase rAmagata vIrarasa kI pratIti meM bAdhA par3atI hai / / 850 aGga- ( apradhAna ) rasa kA ativistAra se varNana " hayagrIva doSa hai| 2 - - anaMga kA varNana - - yathA vadha meM hayagrIva (pratinAyaka) kA vistAra se varNana 1. vahI, pR, 171 2 vahI, pR. 171 3. vahI, pR. 172-173 vahI, pR, 172 - 868 aMgI (pradhAna) kI vismRti yathA - "ratnAvalI" ke caturtha aMka meM bAbhravya ke Agamana se nAyaka vatsarAja dvArA sAgArikA ( aMgI) kI vismRti doSa hai, kyoMki smRti sahRdayatA kA sarvasva hai| yathA "tApasavatsarAja " me cha: aMkoM meM bhI vAsavadattA viSayaka prema sambandha kathAvazAt viccheda kI AzaMkA hone para bhI nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| 3 267 878 anaGga arthAta prakRta rasa ke anupakAraka kA varNana hone para bhI doSa hotA hai| yathA - "karpUramaMjarI" maiM rAjA dvArA nAyikA aura apane dvArA kie basanta varSana kI upekSA kara bandiyoM dvArA varNita basanta kI prazaMsA karanA / " 4 -

Page #280
888 prakRtivyatyaya - (pAtroM kA viparyaya ) hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra prakRti sAta prakAra kI hotI hai (1 ) divyA, ( 2 ) mAnuSI, (3) - divyamAnuSI, (4) pAtAlIyA, ( 5 ) martyapAtAlIyA, (6) divya pAtAlIyA, ( 7 ) divyamartyapAtA liyA / / vIra, rauDa, zrRMgAra aura zAntarasa pradhAna kAvyoM meM kramaza: dhIrodAtta, dhIroddhata, dhIralalita va dhIraprazAnta nAyaka hote haiM, ye cAroM uttama, madhyama aura adhama ke bheda se tIna tIna ke hote haiN| prakAra AcArya hemacandra kI mAnyatAnusAra rati, hAsya, zoka aura adbhuta ko mAnuSottama prakRti kI taraha divyAdi prakRtiyoM meM bhI nibaddha karanA cAhie, kintu saMbhoga zrRMgArarUpa uttama devatA viSayaka rati kA varNana nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki unakA varNana mAtA pitA ke saMbhoga varpana kI taraha atyanta anucita hai| kumArasaMbhava meM jo zaMkara -pArvatI ke saMbhoga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, vaha kavitva se yukta pratibhAsita nahIM hotA hai| krodha kA bhI bhRkuTi Adi vikAra zakti ke tiraskAra se adhika doSoM 2 vahI, pR. 173-174 268 - - rahita zIghra phaladAyaka rUpa meM nibaddha karanA caahie| svarga - pAtAla gamana, samudra laMghana Adi ke utsAha kA varNana manuSyoM se bhinna divyAdi prakRtiyoM meM karanA cAhie / manuSyoM meM jitanA pUrva caritra prasiddha hai yA ucita hai utanA hI varNana karanA caahie| isase adhika asaMbhava varpana karane para

Page #281
269 asatyatA kI pratIti hotI hai aura "nAyaka kI bhAMti Acarapa karanA cAhie, pratinAyaka kI bhA~ti nahIM isa upadeza meM paryavasita nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra kahI gaI pakRtiyoM kA anyathArUpepa vapana prakRtivyatyaya hai|' Age ve likhate haiM ki "tatrabhavana", "bhagavan" ina sambodhanoM kA uttama nAyaka ke dvArA prayoga kiyA jAnA cAhie, adhama ke dvArA nahIM, vaha bhI muni Adi meM, rAjA Adi meM nhiiN| "bhaTTAraka" sambodhana kA prayoga (uttama ke dvArA) rAjA Adi me nahIM karanA caahie| paramezvara sambodhana kA prayoga muni prabhRti meM nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki aisA karane para prakRti vyatyaya doSa hotA hai| isake samarthana meM unhoMne rUiTa kI do kArikAyeM bhI uddhata kI haiN| isI prakAra deza, kAla aura jAti Adi ke veSa - vyavahArAdi kA samucita rUpa se aucitya ke AdhAra para nibandhana karanA caahie|' isakA sodAharapa vivecana viveka TIkA meM unhoMne prastuta kiyA hai| yaha vivecana kAvyAmImAMsA se bahuta kucha milatA hai| AcArya mammaTa tathA hemacandra ke rasadoSa vivecana meM paryApta sAmya hai| donoM hI AcAryoM ne rasadoSoM ke nAma prAyaH eka se hI diye haiN| mAtra unake varpana krama meM antara hai| 1. vahI, pR, 176 - 178 2. vahI, pR. 178 OM vahI, vRtti , pR. 178 . + vahI, TIkA, pR. 179 - 198 .

Page #282
270 A. rAmacandra - gupacandra ne 5 rasadoSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai(1) rasoM kA anaucityapUrNa varpana, (2) aMgoM kI ugatA arthAt pradhAnamata rasa kA pradhAna rasa kI apekSA vistArapUrvaka varpana, (3) mukhya rasa kI puSTi kA abhAva, (4) mukhya rasa kA AvazyakatA se adhika vistAra aura (5) aMgI (pradhAna) rasa ko bhulA denaa| 318 ratoM kA anAcityapUrvaka varNana karanA - sahadayoM ke mana zaMkA yA saMdeha utpanna karane vAlA karma anaucitya kahalAtA hai, aura vaha aneka prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| yaha rasa kA anaucitya - eka kA bhAvAdi ke varpana rUpa hotA hai| caite - vyajata mAnamalaM ... / ' ityaadi| kha kahIM bemauke vistAra kara denA bhI rata doSa hotA hai jaise vepIsaMhAra ke dvitIyAMka meM dhIrodta prakRti ke nAyaka hone para bhI bhISmAdi lAyoM vIro kA nAza kara DAlane vAle bhISaNa yuddha ke prArambha hone para bhI bhAnumatI ke prati zrRMgAra kA varpana akANDa - prathana rUpa rasadoSa kA udAharaNa hai| " doSoinauTityasakogaya apoSotyuktirI amita 2. sahRdayAnAM vicikitsAhtu karmAnaucityaM tacyAnekadhA, 3. vahI, pR, 324

Page #283
271 ma kahIM avasara ke binA hI rasa kA viccheda kara denA, yathA - mahAvIracarita meM rAma va parazurAma ke madhya vIra rasa ke pUrNa pravAha para A jAne para rAma kA "kaGkapamocanAya gacchAmi yaha kthn| pa! kahIM uttama, adhama tathA madhyama prakRtiyoM kA viparIta rUpa meM varpana (prakRti - viparyaya nAmaka rasadoSa hai) / Da.4 madhya tathA adhama prakRti ke nAyakAdi ke sAtha agAmya arthAt zuddha zrRMgAra, dIra, raur3a tathA zAMtarasa ke prakarSa kA varpana / cahU~ uttama prakRtiyoM meM bhI divya pAtroM ke zrRMgAra kA varNana karanA, mAtA - pitA ke zrRMgAra rasa ke varpana ke samAna hone se anucita hai| 46 devatAoM ko chor3akara uttama prakRtiyoM meM bhI turaMta phala dene vAle krodha, svarga yA pAtAla meM gamana, samudralaMghanAdi ke utsAha kA varpana bhI prakRti vyatyaya nAmaka rasadoSa hai| ca dhIrodAtta, dhIroduta, dhIralalita va dhIrazAMta rUpa uttama prakRtiyoM meM bhI vIra, raudra, zrRMgAra tathA zAMta rasoM kA varNana na karanA athavA viparIta varNana prakRti-viparyaya nAmaka rasa-doSa hotA hai aura madhyama tathA adhama prakRtiyoM meM to ina dhIrodAttAdi meM

Page #284
272 vIrAdi rasoM ke prakarya kA varNana mI anucita hone se prakRti viparyaya nAmaka rasadoSa meM AtA hai| kahIM varSoM tathA samAsoM kA rasa ke viparIta rUpa meM anyathA prayoga bhI rasadoSa hai| na kahIM uttama prakRti ke nAyaka kI uttama nAyikA ke prati vyabhicAra saMbhAvanA bhI anaucitya mAnI jAtI hai| Ta! kahIM nAyikA ke pAmahArAdi se nAyaka ke kopa kA varpana karanA bhI anaucitya hai| 6 kahIM Ayu, veSa, deza, kAla, avasthA tathA vyavahArAdi kA anyathA varpana bhI anaucitya mAnA jAtA hai| Da yamaka, isI prakAra anucitarUpa se prayukta ghaleSa, citra, Rtu, samudrAdi, sUrya tathA candra ke udayAstAdi jo ki rasa ke aMga nahIM hai unake prakarSa kA varNana mI anaucitya hai|' aGgoM kI ugatA - arthAta mukhya rasa ke poSaka hone se avayava rUpa kI ugatA atyanta vistAra ke kAraNa utkaTa ho jAnA bhI doSa hai| ___ jaise - kRtyArAvapa meM jaTAyu ke vadha, lakSmapa ke zakti lagane aura sItA * nATyadarpaNa, pR. 324-326

Page #285
273 sItA kI vipatti ko sunane para rAmacandra ke bAra - bAra karUpa vilApAdi kA adhiky|| 14 apoSa arthAta - mukhya rasa kI puSTi kA abhAva hone para yaha rasadoSa hotA hai, yathA - "vIbhattA viSayA...12 ityAdi udAharapA yaha aparipoSa (1) pradhAna rasa kA athavA (2) muktakoM meM svataMtra rUpa se varpita kA hotA hai| aMgabhUta kA aparipoSa doSa nahIM hotA hai| 148 mukhya rata kA AvazyakatA se adhika vistAra - "atyukti" nAmaka rasadoSa kahalAtA hai| jaise - kumArasaMbhava meM rati ke vilApa meN| 358 "aGgibhita' arthAt pradhAna rasa ko bhulA denA rasa kA aparipoSa janaka "aGgibhita" nAmaka doSa kahalAtA hai| jaise - ratnAvalI ke ke caturtha aMka meM bAbhavya ke Agamana para sAgarikA kI vismRti|' nATya darpapakAra kA kathana hai ki ukta 5 doSoM meM se prathama anaucitya ko chor3akara aMgoM kI ugratA Adi zeSa cAroM doSa yathArya meM anaucitya ke * vahI, pR. 326-27 2. vahI, pR. 327 3 vahI, pR. 327-328 + vahI, pR. 328

Page #286
274 hI antargata A jAte hai, kintu mAtra sahadayoM ko anaucitya ke aneka bhedoM kA jJAna karAne ke lie sodAharapa pratipAdana kiyA hai|' rAmacandra - gupacandra kA kathana hai ki kucha loga jo vyabhicAribhAva, rasa tathA sthAyibhAvoM ke nAmata: gahapa (svazabda vAcyatva ) ko bhI rasadoSa mAnate haiM, yaha unake mata meM ucita nahIM hai kyoMki vyabhicAribhAva Adi ke vAcaka apane padoM (nAmoM ) kA prayoga hone para bhI vibhAvAdi kI puSTi hone para rasa kI anubhUti hotI hI hai| usameM koI bAdhA nahIM hotI hai| isaliye vyabhicAribhAva kI svazabda - vAcyatA koI doSa nahIM hai| yathA'irAdutsuka - mAgate vivlitN...|" ityAdi udAharaNa meM utsukatA Adi rUpa vyabhicAribhAvoM ke svazabdavAcya hone para bhI rasa kI utpatti hone se yaha vyabhicAribhAvAdi kI svazabdavAcyatA doSa nahIM hotaa| ___Age ve likhate haiM ki isI prakAra do ratoM meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAne vAle vibhAvAdi vAcaka padoM se kisI eka niyatarata ke vibhAvAdi kI kaThinatA se pratIti bhI (jise ki mammaTAdi ne rasadoSoM meM ginAyA hai vaha rasadoSa na hokara) saMdigdhatvarUpa vAkyadoSa hI hai|' 1. hi nATyadarpapa, pu, 328 2. kecitta vyabhicAri - rasa - sthAyinAM svazabvAcyatvaM rasadoSamAhaH, tyuktm| vyabhicAryAdInAM svavAcakapada prayoga'pi vibhaavpusstto| hindI nATyadarpaNa, pR. 328 ubhya rasa sAdhArapa vibhAvapadAnAM kaSTena niyatavibhAvAbhidhAyitvAdhigamodApi saMdigdhatvalakSapo vAkyadoSa eva / vahI, pR. 329

Page #287
275 thA - "pariharati ratiM matiM lunIte ... / ityAdi meM rati kA pariyaNa Adi rUpa vibhAva zrRMgAra kI taraha karUpAdi meM bhI ho sakate haiM isaliye unake aMgAra ke prati bhAva hone meM saMdeha hai|' ata: yahA~ saMdigdhatA rUpa vAkya doSa hai| jabaki mammaTa ne yahA~ kAminI rUpa vibhAva kI pratIti kaSTapUrvaka hone se vibhAva kI kaSTakalpanA rUpa rasadoSa mAnA hai, jo nATyadarpakAra ke mata me saMbhava nahIM hai| AcArya narendraprabhatari ne A. mammaTa sammata hI dasa rasadoSoM kA ullelaM kiyA hai| ___isa prakAra rasa - doSoM para samaga rUpa se vicAra karane para yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ye jainAcArya AcArya mammaTa se prabhAvita hai| AcArya hemacandra ne yadyapi 8 rasadoSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai tathApi A. mammaTa ne svIkRta rasAdi kI svazabdavAcyatA evaM pratikUla dibhAvAdi ke gahapa rUpa - rasadoSoM ko bhI asvIkAra karane meM koI kAraNa prastuta nahIM kiyA hai| apitu ina do doSoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai| rAmacandragupacandra ne 5 rasadoSoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI prathama bheda anaucitya meM hI anya cAra rasadoSoM kA antarbhAva mAnA hai tathA isa prakAra unhoMne dhvanyAlokakAra ------- * vahI, pR. 329 - alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 5/18-20

Page #288
276 Anandavardhana ke "ataucityA dRte nAnyasya rasama Ggasya kAraNama* kathana kA anakaraNa karate hue unake mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| A. narendraprabhatari ne A. mammTa kA hI anukarapa kiyA hai| zeSa vAgbhaTa - prathama, vAgbhaTa - dvitIya evaM bhAvadevasari ne rasadoSI kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| doSa-parihAra - pUrvollikhita doSoM meM se katipaya doSa vaktAdi ke aucitya se doSAmAvarUpa yA guNa bana jAte haiN| isI ko doSa-parihAra kahA gayA hai| ___AcArya mammaTa ne doSa-parihAra kA vivecana karate hue liga hai ki prasiddha artha meM nitutA doSa nahIM hotA hai aura anukarapa meM sabhI zrutikaTu Adi doSoM kI adoSatA saMbhava hai| isI prakAra vaktAdi ke aucitya se doSa kahIM gupa ho jAte haiM aura kahIM na doSa hote haiM aura na guNA' jainAcAra pAyaH mammaTa ko AdhAra banAkara apanA doSa parihAra vivecana kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne tattadoSoM ke pratyudAharapoM kI carcA doSa - nirUpapa prasaMga meM eka sAtha kI hai| sAtha hI anta meM niSkarSatayA tIna sUtroM dvArA unakA alaga se pratipAdana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki anukarapa karane * kAvyaprakAza, 7/59

Page #289
para nirarthaka Adi zabda .. pratipAdya viSaya, vyaMgya, vAcya va prakaraNAdi kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa doSaM kahIM - kahIM na guNa hote haiM aura na doSa 2 tathA kahIM vaktA Adi kI vizeSatA hone para doSa gupa ho jAte haiN| 3 artha doSa nahIM hote haiN| isI prakAra vaktA, 1 1. A. narendraprabhasUri kA kathana hai ki vaktAdi ke aucitya te doSa kahIM - kahIM guNa bhI ho jAte haiN|" udAharaNasvarUpa meM unhoMne asaMskAra, nirarthaka, bhagnaprakrama, akrama, nyUnatA, saMkIrNatA, garbhitatA, sandhikaSTatA, patatprakarSatA, vyaktapratiddhi punarUkta padanyAsa padAdhikya, grAmyatA, tandigdhatA, duHzravatA, apratIta, ayogyAdi, aprayukta aura nihatArtha, azlIla, saMvIta, virUddhamati aura kliSTatA ina zabdoSoM kI guphta va "nAnukaraNe / anukaraNaviSaye nirarthakAdayaH zabdArthadoSA na bhavanti / udAharaNa prAvaidarzitam / " 277 kAvyAnu, 2. 3/8, vRtti, pR. 273 "vaktrAdyaucitye ca / vaktupratipAdyavyaM yavA cyaprakarapAdInAM mahimnA na doSo na guNaH / tathAdAhatam" / vahI, 3/10, vRtti, pR. 273 3. "kvacid guNaH / vaktrAdyaucitye kvacidguNa eva tathaivadohRtam / " vahI, 3/90, kR. pR. 273 4. alaMkAramahodadhi 5/17 5. vahI, pR. 166-175 - -

Page #290
278 kama punarUkta, azlIla, aura vimuktapunarAkRta ina arthadoSoM kI guptA padarzita kI hai| tathA samAptipunarArabdha, nyUnatA evaM duHavatA ina arthadoSoM kI doSAbhAvatA pradarzita kI hai| rasadoSoM ke parihAra hetu unakA kathana hai ki virUddha saMcAribhAva Adi kA bAdhyatvena kathana, virUddha ratoM kA bhinna Aya meM varpana, madhya meM rasa kA samAveza, smRti rUpa meM varSanA athavA aMgA gibhAva rUpa meM varpana Adi hone para rasadoSoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| yahA~ ina para A. mammaTa kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne doSa - parihAra kA pRthak vivecana na karake doSa - vivecana ke hI prasaga meM jahA~ ucita samajhA hai, vivecana kiyA hai| isa prakAra jainAcAryoM dvArA kiyA gayA rasa-doSe vivecana, pUrvAcAryoM kA anukarapa hote hue bhI unake kAvyazAstrIya jJAna kA paricAyaka 1. vahI, pR. 175-176 2. vahI, pR. 177 3. vahI, pR. 5/21-23

Page #291
paMcama adhyAya : guNa vivecana va jainAcArya - kAvya - vivecanA ke prAraMbhika kAla se hI kAvya guNoM kA ullekha hotA rahA hai| bharatamuni ne "mAdhurya" tathA "audArya" Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA oja kA svarUpa bhI batalAyA hai| prathama alaMkAravAdI A. bhAmaha ke pazcAt to guNoM ke svarUpa tathA saMkhyAdi vivecana kA yuga hI Arambha ho gayA thA, kintu usa samaya guNa tathA alaMkAroM kA svarUpa viveka nahIM ho pAyA thA / A. daNDI ke gupa nirUpaNa meM bhI gupa tathA alaMkAra kA bheda spaSTa nahIM huA thaa| isI liye bhaTTodabhaTa ne guNa tathA alaMkAroM ke bheda ko paraMparAgata hI batalAyA thaa| unake mata meM grupa tathA alaMkAra meM koI bheda nahIM hai|' laukika guNa tathA alaMkAroM meM to yaha bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai ki hArAdi alaMkAroM kA zarIrAdi ke sAtha saMyoga - - - 279 sambandha hotA hai, aura zauryAdi guNoM kA AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM apitu samavAya sambandha hotA hai kintu kAvya maiM to oja Adi guNa tathA anuprAsa, upamA Adi alaMkAra donoM kI hI samavAya sambandha se sthiti hotI hai, isaliye kAvya meMunake bheda kA upapAdana nahIM kiyA 1. udbhaTAdibhistu guNAlaMkArANAM prAyazaH sAmyameva suucitm| alaMkAra sarvasva, pR. 19

Page #292
280 jA sakatA hai| unameM jo loga bheda mAnate haiM, vaha kevala bher3acAlamAtra hai|' udbhaTa ke paravartI AcAryoM ne nityatA tathA anityatA ko lekara gupa tathA alaMkAroM meM bheda pradarzana kiyA tathA niSkarSasvarUpa gupoM kI kasauTI nityatA va alaMkAroM kI kasauTI parivartanazIlatA svIkAra kI hai| sarvaprathama rI tivAdI A. vAmana ne gupa tathA alaMkAroM kA bheda karane kA prayAsa kiyA tathA spaSTata: likhA - kAvya ke zobhAkAraka dharma gupa haiM aura utta kAvya-zobhA kI vRddhi karane vAle (camatkAraka) dharma alaMkAra haiN| unake anusAra kAvya meM gupoM kI sthiti aparihArya hai, parantu alaMkAroM kI sthiti aparihArya nahIM hai| tadanantara dhvanivAdI A. AnaMdavardhana ne gupa ke svarUpa kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA tathA yaha batalAyA ki gupa zabdArtha athavA zabdavinyAsa Adi ke dharma nahIM apitu kAvya kI AtmA arthAta rasa ke dharma haiN| unhoMne gupa tathA 1. samavAyavRttyA zauryAdayaH saMyogakRtyA tu hArAdayaH gupAlaMkArApAM bhedaH, ojaH prabhRtInAmanuprAsopamAdInAM cobhayeSAmapi samavAyavRttayA sthitiriti gaiDalikApravAhepaiveSAM bhedH| kAvyaprakAza, pR. 384 2. kAvyazobhAyAH kartAro dharmAH gunnaaH| tdtishyhetvstvlNkaaraaH| kAvyAlaMkArasUtra, 3/1/I-2 3nyAloka, 2/6

Page #293
281 alaMkAra ke bheda ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki kAvya ke Atmabhata rasAdirUpadhvani ke Azrita rahane vAle dharma gupa hote haiM aura alaMkAra kAvya ke aMgabhata zabda tathA artha ke dharma hote haiN| isa prakAra AnandavardhanAcArya ne gaNoM ko ratAzrita tathA alaMkAroM ko zabda tathA artha ke Azrita dharma mAnakara unake bheda kA upapAdana kiyA hai|' A. mammaTa ne inakA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai tathA ubhaTa va vAmana se pRthaka guNoM ko rasa ke sthira ( acala ) dharma mAnA hai| gupa kA lakSapa dete hue ve likhate haiM ki - AtmA ke zauryAdi dharmo kI taraha kAvya meM jo pradhAna rasa ke utkarSAdhAyaka tathA acala sthiti vAle hote haiM, ve guNa kahalAte haiN| prAyaH kAvyaprakAzakAra kA anusarapa karate hue A. hemacandra ne rasa kA utkarSa karane vAle hetuoM ko gupa kahA hai| ye gupa upacAra( gauparUpa) se zabda aura artha ke utkarSAdhAyaka hote haiN| 1. tamarthamavalambante ye'pi.ganaM te gupAH smRtaaH| aMgApritAstvalaMkArA mantavyAH kttkaadit|| dhvanyAloka, 2/6 2. ye rasatyAiigano dharmAH zauryAdaya ivaatmnH| utkarSahatavaste syuracalasthitayo gupaaH|| kAvyaprakAza, 8/66 3. rasatyotkarSApakarSahita gupadoSau bhakyA shbdaarthyoH| kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/12

Page #294
282 Azaya yaha hai ki gupa mukhyataH rasa ke hI dharma haiM, gaupharUpa se ve usa rasa ke upakAraka zabda aura artha ke kahe jAte haiN| yahA~ para guNa va doSa kA rasAzrayatva siddha karate hue hemacandrAcArya likhate haiM ki gupa tathA doSa kA rasAbhrita honA anvaya vyatireka ke vidhAna se bhI siddha hai| jahA~ doSa rahate haiM vahI gupa bhI rahate haiM aura ve doSa rasavizeSa meM rahate haiM, zabda aura artha meM nhiiN| yadi ve zabda aura artha ke doSa hoMge to vIbhatsa rasa meM kaSTatvAdi tathA hAsyAdi raso meM azlIlatvAdi doSa gupa nahIM ho paaeNge| kyoMki ye anitya doSa haiM, kamI doSa rahate haiM, kabhI nahIM bhI rahate aura kabhI-kabhI guNa bhI ho jAte haiN| jisa aMgI rasa ke ve doSa hote haiM usake abhAva meM ve doSa nahIM raha jAte, usake rahane para doSa rahate haiN| isa prakAra anvaya vyatireka ke dvArA guNa aura doSa kA rasAzrayatva hI di hotA hai, zabdArthA pritatva nhiiN| gauparUpa meM bhale hI ve gupa aura doSa zabdArtha ke kahe jAyeM kintu vAstavika rUpa meM ve rasA zrita dharma haiN|' hemacandrAcArya ne aMga ke Azrita rahane vAle dharmo ko alaMkAra kahA hai| tathA apanI viveka TIkA meM pUrvAcAryoM ke vicAroM kA khaNDana I. "rasAzrayatvaM ca gpdossyornvyvytirekaanuvidhaanaat|.... yadi hi tayoH tyastA vIbhatsAdau kaSTatvAdayo gupA na bhaveyuH, hAsyAdau caashliiltvaady:| ... rasa evaashryH| vahI, 1/12 vRtti 2- ai.gA pitA alaMkArAH / vahI, 1/13

Page #295
283 prastuta karate hue gupAlaMkAra viveka / kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isameM bhaTTodbhaTa ke abhedavAdI mata va vAmana ke bhedavAdI mata kA khaNDana aura svamata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jisameM mammaTa kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| jaisA ki pUrvakathita hai ki bhaTTodbhaTa ne guNa va alaMkAra meM koI bheda nahIM mAnA hai| unake isa mata ko hemacandrAcArya ne nirasta kara diyA hai| 2 unakA kathana hai ki kAvya ke sandarbha meM alaMkAro ko hI rakkhA va haTAyA jAtA hai, guNoM ko nahIM tathA alaMkAro ko tyAga karane se na to vAkya dUSita hotA hai na hI unake grahaNa te puSTa / ' ise unhoMne udAharaNa dvArA puSTa kiyA hai tathA yaha bhI kahA hai ki guNoM kA to tyAga va grahaNa karanA sambhava hI nahIM hai| " isa prakAra guNa va alaMkAra donoM alaga-alaga 1. aMgAzritA iti / ye tvaMgini rate bhavanti te guNAH / eSa eva gupAlaMkAraviveka: / kAvyAnuzAsana, viveka TIkA, pR. 34 2. etAvatA zauryAdisadRzA guNAH keyUrAditulyA alaMkArA iti vivekamuktvA saMyogasamavAyAbhyAM zauryadInAmasti bhedaH / iha tUbhayeSAM samavAyena sthitirityabhidhAya tasmAda gaDarikApravAheNa gupAlaMkAra bheda iti bhAmahavivaraNe yada bhaTTomaTo'bhyadhAt, tnnirstm| vahI, TIkA, pR. 34-35 3. tathA hi-kavitAraH saMdarbheSvalaMkArAn vyavasyanti nyasyanti ca, na gunnaan| nacAlaMkRtInAmpodvArAhArAbhyAM vAkyaM duSyati puSyati vaa| vahI, TIkA, pR. 35 guNAnAmpodvArAhArau tu na saMbhavata iti, vahI, pR. 36 4.

Page #296
284 tattva hai| ina donoM kA Azraya bhI bhinna bhinna hai| ata : bhaTTodabhaTa kA abhedavAdI mata anucita hai| Age ve vAmana ke bhedavAdI mata ko bhI udhRta karate hue vyabhicArayukta batAte haiM tathA tarka va udAharaNa prastuta kara svamata kI puSTi karate haiN| yaha bhI pUrvollikhita hai ki vAmana ne gupa va alaMkAra meM bheda mAnA hai| para hemacandra isakA eMDana sodAharapa nirUpapa karate hue likhate haiM ki "gato'stamarko bhAtInduryAnti vAsAya pakSipaH' ityAdi meM prasAda, paleSa, samatA, mAdhurya, saukumArya, arthavyakti Adi gupoM kA sadabhAva hone para bhI usakI kAvya, vyavahAra meM pravRtti nahIM ho rahI hai| tathA - "api kAvitA vArtA ttyaunnipraavidhaayinH| itIva praSTumAyAte tasyAH kaantmiiksspe||| isa padha me utprekSA alaMkAra mAtra hone para - tIna cAra gupoM ke avivakSita hone para bhI kAvya vyavahAra hotA hI hai| ata: vAmana ke mata meM bhI vyabhicAra A jAtA hai| ata: alaMkAra aMgAzrita va gupa rasAzrita hote haiM yaha hamArA mata hI preyaskara hai|' I. ..... vAmanena yo vivekaH kRtaH so'pi vybhicaarii|.... tasmAdhacokta eva gupAlaMkAra vivekaH shreyaaniti| vahI, TIkA, pR. 36

Page #297
285 A. narendraprabhatari kA gupa - svarUpa A. AnaMdavardhana va mammaTa ke gapa - svarUpa kA mela hai| unhoMne guNa ke lie Avazyaka aura pUrvAcAryoM dvArA svIkRta sabhI utkRSTa tatvoM ko nahapa kara gupa - svarUpa nirUpapa kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki - jisa prakAra zauryAdi guNa AtmA ke Azrita rahate haiM, usI prakAra jo rasa ke Azrita rahate haiM, akRtrima haiM, nitya haiM tathA kAvya meM vaikiya ke utpAdaka haiM, ve guNa kahalAte haiN|' isI ko aura spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki - jisa prakAra prApI ke zaurya - sthairya Adi guNa AtmA ke hI Azrita rahate haiM, AkAra meM nahIM, usI prakAra mAdhuryAdi gupa bhI rasa ke hI Azrita rahate haiN| ye gupa rasa ke hI dharma haiM, varSa samUha ke nhiiN| yahI alaMkAroM se gupa kA bheda hai| kyoMki gupoM ke abhAva meM alaMkAro se yukta racanA mI kAvya na ho skegii| jaisA kahA bhI gayA hai ki yadi yauvanazanya strI ke zarIra kI taraha gupoM se zUnya kAvyavApI ho, to nizcaya hI lokapriya alaMkAra bhI dhArapa karane para acchI nahIM lagatI hai|' 1. zauryAdaya ivAtmAnaM rasameva zrayanti ye| gupAste sajA kAvye nityvaiphiykaaripH|| alaMkAramahodadhi, 6/1 2. vahI, 6/I vRtti 3 vahI, pR. 187

Page #298
286 vAgbhaTa - prathama, vAgbhaTa - dvitIya va bhAvadevatari - ina jainAcAryoM ne gupa vivecana to kiyA hai para guNa-svarUpa para prakAza nahIM DAlA hai| guSya-bheda sarvaprathama A. bharata ne dasa gupoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-(1) zleSa (2) prasAda, (3) samatA, (4) samAdhi, (5) mAdhurya, (6) oja, (7) padasaukumArya, (8) ardhA bhivyakti, (1) udAratA aura (10) kaanti|' inhIM kA anusaraNa karate hue A. daNDI 2 va vAmana' ne bhI dasa gapoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinake nAma bharata nirdiTa hI haiN| inake atirikta vAmana ne dasa arthagupoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisase unake matAnusAra gupoM kI saMkhyA 20 hai| ina dasa arthagupoM ke nAma to vahI hai, jo zabdaguNoM ke haiM, kintu inake svarUpa meM antara hai| isa prakAra daNDI ko pUrUpepa evaM vAmana ko AMzika rUpa meM bharata kA anuyAyI kahA jA sakatA hai|' -- * leSaH prasAdaH samatA samAdhiH mAdhuryamaujaH pdsaukumaarym| arthasya ca vyaktirUdAratA ca kAntizca kAvyasya gumA deshiiH|| - nATyazAstra, 17/96 2. kAvyAdarbha 1/41 3 kApyAlaMkArasUtra, 3/1/4 4. jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna, pR. 189

Page #299
287 datarI paraMparA meM de AcArya hai, jinhoMne mArya, oja aura pasAda - ina tIna gupoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM mAmaha AnaMdavardhana, mammaTa aura AcArya hemacandra ko rakhA jA sakatA hai| A. mamTa ne vAmanasammata zabda aura arthagupoM kA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki kucha gupa doSAbhAvarUpa hai, kucha doSapa haiM aura ze kA antarbhAva mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda meM hI ho jAtA hai| ataH gupoM kI saMkhyA tIna hai, dapta nhiiN|' tIsarI paramparA meM una samasta AcAryoM ko rakhA jA sakatA hai jinhoMne dasa athavA tIna se nyUnAdhika gupoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isameM agnipurANakAra, bhoja, AcArya hemacandra va jayadeva dvArA ullikhita ajJAtanAmA AcArya hai| agnipurANakAra ne gupoM kI saMkhyA 18 mAnI hai, jo zabda, artha aura ubhayaguNoM meM vibhAjita hai| bhoja ne sAmAnyata: gupoM kI saMkhyA 24 mAnI hai| jinameM ukta bharatasammata dasa gupoM ke atirikta udAttatA, au pitya, preya, suzadhdatA, saumya, gAMbhIrya, vistAra, saMchipa, saMmitatva, bhAvikatva, gati , rIti ukti aura prodi - ye 14 gupa haiN| 1. kAvyaprakAza, 8/72 2. agnipurANakA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga, 10/5-6, 12/18-19 sarasvatIkaNThAbharapa, 1/60-65

Page #300
288 unhoMne 24 guNoM ko vAya, Abhyantara aura vaizeSika meM vibhAjita kara yo kI saMkhyA 72 svIkAra kI hai, jo anyAcAryoM kI apekSA sarvAdhika hai| hemacandrAcArya dvArA ullikhita ajJAtanAmA AcArya ke anusAra guNoM kI saMkhyA 5 hai- oja, prasAda, madhurimA, sAmya aura audaary|' isI prakAra jayadeva dvArA ullikhita ajJAtanAmA AcArya ke anusAra gupoM kI saMkhyA 6 hai - nyAsa, nirvAha praudi, auciti, zAstrAntararahatyokti va sNgrh| jainAcAryoM meM sarvaprathama vAgbhaTa prathama ne dasa gupoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, jo bharatamuni sammata hai| pratyeka kA sodAharapa svarUpa nimna prakAra hai audArya - artha kI cArUtA ke pratyAyaka pada ke sAtha vaise hI anya padoM kI sammilita yojanA ko udAratA" nAmaka gupa kahate haiN|' 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/ vivekvRtti| candrAloka, 4/12 3 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 3/2 + pdaanaamrthcaaruutvptyaaykpdaantrH| militAnAM yadAdhAnaM tadaudArya smRtaM ythaa|| vahI, 3/3

Page #301
yathA ganbhavimA jitadhAma lakSmIlIlAmbakatrampAtya raajys| krIDAgirI revatake tapAMti zrIneminAyo'tra ghira ckaar||' isa loka meM cAstApatyAyaka 'gandha' zabda ke sAtha anya sundara pada "ima', lIlAmchuja zabda ke sAtha "tra aura kIDA zabda ke sAtha 'girIda artha meM cArutA kA AdhAna karate haiN| ataH isameM audArya nAmaka guNa hai| samatA aura kAnti - racanA kI aviSamatA (anakalatA) samatA hai tathA racanA kI ujjavalatA kAnti samatA, yathA - kucakalazavitA risphAralAvaNyadhArAmanuvadati yadaMgAsaMginI haarvllii| asadabhamahimA tAmananyopameyAM kathaya kyamaI te cetati vysyaami||' yahA~ para 'kucake sAtha kalaza, vitAri ke sAtha phAra Adi aviSama padoM kA prayoga hone se samatA gupa hai| 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 3/4 - banyasya yadavaiSamyaM samatA socyate budhH| yadujjavalatvaM tasyeva sA kAntirakSiA ythaa|| vahI, 3/5 3 dahI, 3/6

Page #302
zAnti, yathA - phalai : kluptAhAraH prathamamapi nirgatya sadanAdanAsaktaH saukhye kvacidapi purA janmani kRtii| tapatyannazrAntaM nanu vanabhuvi zrIphladalairavaNDaiH khaNDendodhicaramakRta pAdArcamanatau / / / yahA viruddha sandhi ke tyAga se phlaiH kluptAhAraH' meM visargoM ke alopa hai aura samAsahIna hone se isa gloka meM "kAnti' nAmaka gupa hai| arthavyakti - jahA~ para artha ko samajhane meM kisI taraha kA vighna nahIM rahatA vahA~ arthavyakti* gupa samjhanA caahie| yathA tvatanyasva tA sUrye lupte raatrirmdivaa||' sUryAsta hone se rAtri kA Agamana svAbhAvika hai| isako samajhane ke liye kisI prayAsa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| ataeva isa padha meM arthavyakti nAmaka gupa hai| * vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 17 OM yajJeyatvamarthanya sAryavyaktiH smatA ythaa| vahI, 3/8 kA pUrvArda 3 vahI, 3/8 kA uttarAI

Page #303
291 pasannatA - jisa gupa ke kArapa zIghra par3hate hI arthAvabodha ho jAtA hai use "prasannatA athavA prasakti kahate haiN|' yathA kalpadma ivAbhAti vA sitArthapado jinH| 2 yahA~, yaha kahane se ki jinadeva kalpatarU kI bhAMti abhilaSita phala ke dene vAle haiM unakI dAnazIlatA turaMta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| ata: yahA~ para prasannatA nAmaka guNa hai| samAdhi - jahA~ para eka vastu ke gupa kA AdhAna anya vastu ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ samAdhi nAmaka gupa hotA hai|' yathA - yathAzrubhiraristrIpA rAja : pallavita yshH||* 1. aTityArpakatvaM yatprasaptiH socyate budhaiH| ____3/10 kA pUrvArda 2. vahI, 3/10 kA uttarAI 3 sa samAdhiryadanyatya gupo'nyatra niveshyte| __ vahI, 3/n kA pUrvArTa 5. vahI, / // kA uttarArddha

Page #304
pallavita honA latAvRkSAdi kA guNa hai, na ki yaza kA kintu kavi ne pallavita hone kI vizeSatA ko rAjA ke yaza meM niyojita karake samAdhi gupa utpanna kara diyA hai| zleSa aura ojas - aneka padoM kA paraspara gumphita honA zleSa hai aura samAta kA bAhulya oja / samAsa bahulA padAvalI gadya meM hI zobhita hotI hai, padma me nhiiN| yathA - mudAyasyodvagItaM saha sahacarI bhirvanacarai : zrutvA helotadharapibhAraM bhujabala / darodbhagacchaddarbhAGku- ranikaradambhAtpulakitAcamatkA raudrekaM kula zikhariste'pi dadhire / / 2 yahA~ samasta pada eka sUtra me gaMdhI gaI maSiyoM ke sadRza paraspara gumphita hai, ataH zleSa guNa hai| oja, yathA - samarA jisphuradarinarezakarinikaraziraH sarasasindUrapUraparicayenevArUpitakaratalo deva / / 3 292 1. zleSo yatra padAni syuH syUtAnIva parasparam / ojaH samAsabhastvaM tadgyeSvatisundaram / / vahI, 3/12 2 vahI, 3/13 3. vahI, 3/14

Page #305
293 yaha gAMza samAsabahula hone te "oja' gupa kA udAharapa haiN| mArya aura taukumArya - sarata artha ke bodhaka padoM kA prayoga mAdhurya gupa hai aura komala-kAnta - padAvalI kAmayoga saukumArya gupaM hai|' mAdhurya, yathA - phapimaNikirapAlItyatakacannicola : / kucakalazanidhAnatyeva rakSAdhikArI urati vizadahArasphAratAmujjihAnaH / kimiti karasaroje kuNDalI kunnddlinyaaH||2 yahA~ zrRMgArarata ke anukUla sarata artha ke bodhaka pada hone se mAdhurya guSa hai| saukumArya, yathA - pratApadIpAcanarA jireva deva! tvadIyaH karavAla essH| no codanena dviSatAM munAni zyAmAyamAnAni karya kRtaani||' yahAM komalakAnta padAvalI hone se saukumArya guNa hai| 1. saratArthapadatvaM yttnmaadhurymudaadaas| aniSThurAritvaM yattIkumAryamiI yyaa|| pahI, 3/15 . vAgbhaTAlaMkAra /16 , vAgmTAkAra, 3/17

Page #306
A. hemacandra ne mAdhurya, oja tathA prasAda ina tIna guNoM ko svIkAra karate hue| anya sabhI guNoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| A, mammaTa dvArA kiye gaye khaNDana kI apekSA A. hemacandra kA khaNDana- maNDana adhika vyApaka hai / A. mammaTa ne kevala vAmanasammata dasa guNoM kA hI khaNDana kiyA hai jabaki A. hemacandra ne svopajJa viveka TIkA meM vistArapUrvaka dasavAdI AcAryoM ke atirikta ajJAtanAmA AcAryasammata, oja, prasAda, madhurimA, tAmya aura audArya nAmaka 5 guNa kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai? tathA unakA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai jo chanda vizeSa ke AdhAra para guNoM kI zobhA mAnate haiM, sragdharA Adi chandoM meM ojo guNa aadi| 3 unakI mAnyatA hai ki jaise 1. mAdhuyaja : prasAdAstrayo guNAH / / kAvyAnuzAsana 4/1 294 - 2 oja : prasAdamadhurimApaH sAmyamaudArya ca paMcatyapare / tathA hiyadadarzita vicchedaM paThatAmojaH, vicchyi padAni paThatAM prasAdaH, ArohAvarohataraM gipi pAThe, mAdhurya, saptauSThavameva sthAnaM paThatAmaudArya anuccanIcaM paThatAM sAmyamiti / tadidamalI klpnaatntrm| yadviSayavibhAgena pAThaniyamaH sa kathaM guNanimittamiti / kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/1 / TIkA 3. chando vizeSa nivezyA guNasaMpattiriti kecit / tathA hi sagdharAdiSvoja: / vahI, 4/1 viveka TIkA

Page #307
295 lakSaNa meM vyabhicAra hone se, ucyamAna tIna hI gupoM meM antarbhAva hone te yA do - parihAra ke rUpa meM svIkRta hone se anya gupoM ko nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ataH unake anusAra gupa tIna hI haiM, dasa athavA pAca nhiiN|' isa sandarbha meM unakI viveka TIkA ati mahatvapUrNa hai jisameM / unhoMne dasa gupoM ke atirikta pAMca guNoM kA ullekhapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai jo ki unake vyApaka adhyayana kA paricaya prastuta karatA hai| hemacandrAcArya dvArA svIkRta mAdhurya, oja va prasAda gupa kA vivecana isa prakAra hai - mAdhurya - mAdhuryagupa saMbhoga zrRMgAra meM duti kA hetu hai| arthAta druti kA hetu aura saMbhogazrRMgAra meM rahane vAlA jo dharma hai vaha mAdhurya kahalAtA hai| duti kA artha hai ArdratA arthAt citta kA drviibhaav| zrRMgAra ke aMgabhata hAsya aura adbhuta Adi ratoM meM bhI mAdhurya guNa hotA hai| atyanta iti kA kAraNa hone se yaha mArthyagupa zAnta, karUpa aura vipalambha gAra meM bhI atizayayukta * trayo na tu daza paJca vaa| lksspvybhicaaraacymaanguphevntrbhaavaat| doSparihArepa svIkRtatvAcyA 'vahI, vRtti , pR. 274 itihetu mArya shrRNgaare| kAvyAna, 4/2 3 itirArdatA galitatvamiva cttH| aNgaareddaatbhoge| zrRMgArasya ca ye hAsyAsmatAdayo rasA a~gA ni teSAmapi mAdhurya gpH| kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 289

Page #308
296 ( camatkArotpAdaka) hotA hai| mArya ke isa svarUpa vivecana meM mammaTa kA hI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai, parantu mammaTa ne mArya ko itihetu ke atirikta AjhAdasvarUpa vAlA bhI kahA hai| sAtha hI karUpa, vipalabha tathA zAnta meM mAdhurya ko uttarottara camatkArajanaka kahA hai| jabaki A. hemacandra ne isa krama ko badalakara zAnta, karUNa aura vipalamma kara diyA hai| jahA~ AcArya mammaTa ne tIno gupoM kA svarUpa batalAkara bAda meM usake vyajaka varSAdi kI carcA kI hai vahI A. hemacandra ne aisA na karake / eka-eka gupa se saMbaMdhita samI bAtoM para vicAra kiyA hai| mArNa guNa ke svarUpa - vivecana ke bAda ve usake vyacakoM kA nirUpapa karate hue likhate haiM ki apane antima varSa se yukta, Ta varga ko chor3akara anya sabhI varga, hasva rakAra tathA pakAra aura samAtarahita (yA alpatamAna vAlI) komala - racanA mArya vyajaka hai|' 1. zantakarUpavipalambheSu saatishymaa| - kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/3. 3 AhalAdakatvaM mAdhurya aMgAre dutikaarps|| kAvyaprakAza, 8/68 kA uttarArda 3 rUpe vipralambhe takAnte caatishynvitm| kAvyaprakAza, 8/69 kA pUrvArda + tatra nipAntyAkAntA aTavarmA vargA svAntarito rapAvatamAto mudaracanA c| kAvyAna, 4/4

Page #309
297 isame A. hemacandra ne pAyaH mammada kA anusaraNa karate hue mArya gupa ke vyajaka varSa, tamAta aura racanA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|' itti meM unhoMne ise spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki apane varga ke (antima) pa-yama varSa Da. bha pa na ma - se yukta, zira ke varSa sahita (ka varga, ca varga, Adi) aTavarga arthAta Ta varga rahita - Ta Tha Da Ta rahita varga aura hatva se vyavahita repha aura phAra - ye varSa aura asamAsa ardhAda samAsa kA abhAva yA choTe choTe samAsa vAlI tathA muTu ramA mArya gupa kI vyaMjaka hotI hai| yathA - zijAnamaJjumajI raashcaaruukaanycnkaanycyH| kaDU-pAka mujA bhAnti jitAnaDa. tvaangg-naaH||' - 1. tulanIyaH mAni vargAntyagAH sparzA aTavargA rapo lgh| avRttimadhyavRttirvA mAdhurye ghaTanA tathA // kAvyapakAza, 8/74 nijena nijavargasambandhinAntyena apanamalakSapena bhiratyAkAntA aTavargAH TaThaDaTarahitA vargA hasvAntarito ca rephskaarau| asamAsa iti| samAsamAyoDa lpasamAsatA vA, mudI ca rcnaa| tatra mAdhurye mAdhuryasya vyjiketyrthH| kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 289 3 vahI, pR. 289

Page #310
298 prastuta racanA meM adhikAMzataH varga ke paMcama varSoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ata: yaha racanA mAryagupa kI vyajaka hai| isI prakAra - dArUparape rapantaM karidArapakAra kRpApaM te| ramapakRte raparapakI pazyati tarUpIjano divyH||' isa udAharapa meM repha va pakAra kI bahulatA hone se ye varSAdi mAdhurya gupa ke vyaJjaka haiN| kiMtu isase bhinna Ta vargAdi se yukta racanA mAryagupa kI vyaJcaka nahIM hotI, yathA - akuNThotkaNThayA pUrNamAkaNThaM klknntthimaas| kambukaNThayAvarSa kaNThekurU knntthaartimudr|| yahA~ zrRMgAra rasa ke pratimla varSoM kA samAyojana hone se mAdhurya gupa nahIM hai| ise mammTa ne pratikUlavarpatA nAmaka vAkyadoSa 1. vahI, pR. 290 2. vahI, pR. 290

Page #311
299 ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| A. hemacandra ne eka aura pratyudAharaNa prastuta kara zrRMgAra ke pratikUla varSoM ko dikhAyA hai| yathA bAle mAleyamuccairna bhavati gaganavyApinI nIradAnAM / ki tvaM pakSmAntavAntairmalinayati mudhA vaktrama zrapavAhaiH / / eSA prottamattadvi pakaTa kaSaNakSaNNavandhyopalAbhA / dAvAgnervyomni lagnA malinayati dizAM maNDalaM dhamalekhA / / / yahA~ dIrgha samAsa se yukta, parUSa varSoM vAlI racanA vipralambha zrRMgAra ke virUddha hai| 828 ojasa citta kI dIpti arthAt ujjavalatA yA vistAra meM jo kAraNa ho vaha ojaguNa kahalAtA hai| yaha vIra, vIbhatsa aura raudrarasa maiM kramaza: adhika atizayAnvita hotA hai, arthAtu vIra kI apekSA vIbhatsa aura vIbhatsa kI apekSA raudrarasa meM tathA raudra ke aMgabhUta adbhuta rasa meM bhI ojaguNa kramaza: adhika atizayayukta hotA hai| 2 ojaguNa ke vivecana meM bhI mammaTa kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| 3 A. hemacandra ne mAtra "teSAmage'dasate ca - 1. vahI, pR. 290 2. "dI ptiheturojo vIrabIbhatsaraudreSu krameNAdhikasa / dIptirajajvalA, cittasya vistAra iti yAvat / krameNeti vIrAd bIbhatse tato'pi raudre teSAmage'sate ca sAtizayamoja: / * kAvyAnu, 4/5, ku. pU. 290 3. tulanIya : kAvyaprakAza 8/69 va 70 kA pUrvArddha

Page #312
adhika kahA hai| vyajakoM ke nirUpaNa meM bhI mammaTa se pUrNa samAnatA hai / ' A. hemacandra likhate haiM ki varga ke prathama aura tRtIya varSoM kA kramaza: dvitIya aura caturtha varSa ke sAtha yoga, repha aura tulyavarSa se yukta varSa tathA Ta varga aura za, Sa, varSa, dIrghasamAsavAlI aura kaThora (uddhata ) racanA ojagaNa kI vyaJjaka hai| 2 Age unhoMne likhA hai ki prathama varSa dvitIya varSa tathA tRtIya varSa me caturtha varSa ke mile hue varSa, nIce umara yA donoM jagaha kisI bhI varSa ke sAtha repha kA saMyoga, tulyavarSoM kA saMyoga, pakArarahita Ta varga ( Ta Tha Da Dha ) za, Sa kA saMyoga aura dIrghasamAsavAlI kaThora racanA ojaguNa kI vya-jaka hai| 3 1. "yoga AdyatRtIyAbhyAmantyayo repa tulyayo: / TAdiH vRttidairdhya gumpha uddhata ojati / / " 300 kAvyaprakAza, 8/75 2. "AdhatRtIyAkrAntau dvitIyaturyo yukto rephastulyazca TavargazaSA vRttidairghyamudutA gumpazcAtra / / kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/6 3. Adhena dvitIyantRtIyena caturtha AkAnto varSastathAthaH upari ubhayatra vA yena kenacitsaMyukto rephastulayazca varSo varSena yuktastathA Tavargo'rthApikA ravarja, zo cA dIrghaH samAptaH, kaThorA racanA ca / atraujasi / ojasau vyajiketyarthaH / kAvyAnu, vRtti, pR. 291

Page #313
301 A. hemacandra ne ojagupa ke udAharaphapa me nimna padya prastuta kiyA hai - ma mudttkRttaavirlglgldrktsNsktdhaaraa| dhautezA ddiprpsaadopntjyjgjjaatmithyaamhimnaas|| kailAsollAsanecchAvyatikarapizunotsarpidodarApAdoSapAM caiSAM kimetatphlAmaha nagarIrakSape ytpryaasH|| yahAM uparyukta varSoM kI saMracanA aura dIrgha samAsAdi ke hone se ojagupa kI abhivyakti ho rahI hai| A, mammaTa ne ise avimRSTa vidheyAMza nAmaka tamAsagata doSa ke udAharapa rUpa meM bhI udbhUta kiyA hai| uparyukta kathita varSoM se viparIta varSoM vAlI racanA ojagupa kI vyajaka nahIM hotI hai| jaise - dezaH soDamarAtizI phitvlysmindaa:puuritaaH| dhAdeva tathAvidhaH paribhavastAtasya keshghH|| tAnyaivAhitazastrayasmaraguruNyastrApi bhAvatti no| yadrAmepa kRtaM tadeva kuste dropAtmana: godhnH||' 1. vahI, pR. 291 - draSTavyaH kAvyaprakAzaM vi, udAharapa 350 3 vahI, pR. 291

Page #314
302 isameM ukta prakAra ke varSoM kA abhAva hai tathA samAta - rahita anuduta racanA hone se ojogupa viruddha hai| 138 prasAda - vikAsa kA hetu prasAda gupa sabhI ratoM meM hotA hai| zaka IMdhana meM agni kI bhAMti tathA svaccha jala kI taraha citta meM sahaptA vyApta hone vAlA tathA samasta ratoM meM pAyA jAne vAlA prasAda gupa hai|' prAyaH yahI mata A. mammaTa kA bhI hai| 2 avapamAtra se arthabodha karAne vAle varSa, samAta aura racanAyeM prasAdgupa kI vyaJjaka haiN|' yathA - dAtAro yadi kalpazArivabhirala yadyarthinaH kiNtpaiH| santazcedamRtena ki yadi lAstatkAlakTena kis| kiM karparazalAkayA yadi zoHpanthAnameti priyA, saMsAre'pi satIndranAlamaparaM yadyasti tenApi kim||' 1. "vikAsahetuH prasAdaH srvtr| vikAsaH zuSkandhanAgnivatsvajalavacca sahasava ceta sAM vyAptiH / sarvatroti sarveSu rateSA. kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/7, pR. 291 - kAvyaprakAza 8/70 3 "iha zrRtimAtrepArthapratyAyakA varpavRttigumpAH / / zrutyaivArthapatI tihetavo prpsmaasrcnaaH| kAvyAnazAsana 4/ pR. 291 + vahI, pR. 192

Page #315
303 mAdhurya, oja va prasAda ke vyaJaka varSoM ko kramamAH upanAgarikA, parUSA va komalA nAmaka vRtti kahA gayA hai aura anya AcArya inheM hI vaidarbhI, godrI aura pA cAlI rIti kahate haiN| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai - maadhuryvyjkaivruupnaagrikessyte| oja : prakAzakatte'stu parUSA komlA praiH|| keSAJcidetA vaidarbhIpamuvA riityomtaaH||' vRtti, rIti, mArga , saMghaTanA tathA zailI prAyaH samAnArya hai| vRtti zabda kA prayoga udbhaTa ne kiyA hai| unhoMne apane 'kAvyAlaMkArasArasaMgraha' me upanAgarikA, parUSA tathA komalA nAmaka tIna vRttiyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| inhIM tIna vRttiyoM ko vAmana ne tIna prakAra kI rItiyoM ke rUpa meM, kuntaka tathA daNDI ne tIna prakAra ke mArgoM ke rUpa meM aura AnandavarSana ne tIna prakAra kI ghaTanA ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| ata: udamaTa kI vRttiyAM, vAmana kI rItiyAM, daNDI aura kuntaka ke mArga tathA Anandavardhana kI saMghaTanA eka hI bhAva ko vyakta karatI hai| - 1. vahI, pR. 192 . 2. A. vizvezvaraH kAvyaprakAza, pR, 405

Page #316
304 hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra pUrvokta gupoM meM yayapi varSa, racanA, tamAsAdi niyata (nizcita), tathApi kahIM kahIM vaktA, vAcya (pratipAya viSaya ) tathA prabandha ke aucitya se darpAdi kA anya prakAra kA payoga bhI ucita mAnA jAtA hai|' kahIM kahIM vaktA tathA prabandha donoM kI upekSA karake kevala vAcya ke aucitya se hI racanA hotI hai| jaise - "manyAyastArpavAmmaH .... ityaadi| kahIM vaktA tathA prabandha donoM kI upekSA karake kevala vAcya ke aucitya se hI racanAdi hotI hai| jaise - prottchedaanuruupoll...|' ityAdi, tathA kahIM kahIM vaktA tathA vAcya kI upekSA karake prabandha ke aucitya ke anusAra racanAdi hotI hai, yathA - AkhyAyikA meM zrRMgAra ke vana meM komala varSAdi prayukta nahIM hote hai, kathA meM raudrarasa meM atyanta uddhata varparacanAdi prayupata nahIM hote haiM aura nATakAdi meM raudrarata meM bhI dIrghasamAsAdi prayukta nahIM hote haiN| isI prakAra anya aucityoM kA bhI anusaraNa karanA caahie|' 1. "vktRvaacyprbndhaucityaadrpdiinaamnythaatvmpi|| kAvyAnuzAsana, 4/9 2. vahI, pR. 292 , vahI, pR. 293 + vahI, pR. 292 - 294

Page #317
305 A. narendraprabhasari ne vAmana sammata dasa aMdagupoM tathA dasa arthagaNoM kA vaNDana karake A. mammaTa tathA hemacandra Adi dvArA svIkRta mAryAdi tIna gupoM kI sthApanA kI hai|' unakA kathana hai ki vAmana ne jo samAsa rahita padoM vAlI racanA ko mAdhurya gupa kahA hai, vaha "astyuttarasyAra ityAdi padha meM vidhamAna hai, punaH utte arthazleSa kA udAharapa prastuta kara arthazleSa ko alaga se gupa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| isI prakAra racanA kI akaThoratA rUpa zabdasaukumArya, komalakAntapadAvalI rUpa arthasau kumArya, artha kA darzana rUpa artha samAdhi aura ghaTanA kA zleSa rUpa arthazaleSa nAmaka jo gupa hai, inakA hameM jo mArya gupa kA svarUpa abhISTa hai, usame antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| ata: ukta gupoM ko pRthak - pRthaka, mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| racanA kI gAdatA oja nAmaka zabdaguNa, artha kI prAdi oja nAmaka arthaguNa, aneka padoM kA eka pada ke samAna dikhAI denA zabdAleSa, Aroha aura avaroha kA krama bhabdasamAdhi, bandha kI vikaTatA udAratA nAmaka zabdagupa, bandhu kI ujjavalatA kAnti nAmaka zabdagupa aura racanA 1. gupazcAnye jaguH zabdagatAna dshaarygaan| mAdhuyojaH prasAdAstu sammatAstraya eva nH|| alaMkAramahodadhi, 6/3 - alaMkAramahodaya, pR. 190-91

Page #318
306 meM rasoM kI dIpti kAnti nAmaka arthaguSa kahalAtA hai| ina gupoM ke mala meM vitta ke vistAra rUpa dIpti vidyamAna hai, jo ojogupa kA svarUpa hai ataH inakA antarbhAva ojoguNa meM ho jaaygaa|' ojoguNa mizrita racanA kI zithilatA prasAda nAmaka zabdagupa, artha spaSTatA rUpa prasAda nAmaka arthagupa, zIghra hI artha kA bodha karAne vAlI racanA arthavyakti nAmaka zabdagupa aura jo racanA vastu ke svabhAva kA spaSTa rUpa se vivecana karAye vaha arthavyakti nAmaka artha gupa kahalAtA hai| inakA antarbhAva hameM abhISTa lakSapa vAle prasAdagupa meM ho jAtA hai|' kAvya meM nibaddha racanA zailI kA anta taka parityAga na karanA samatA nAmaka zabdagupa, prakrama kA abheda rUpa aviSamatA nAmaka arthagupa aura racanA meM gAmyatA kA abhAva udAratA nAmaka arthagupa kahalAtA hai| samatA tathA udAratA ye donoM kamA: bhagnapakrama va grAmyadoSa kA abhAvamAtra hai| isa prakAra vAmana ne jo dasa zabdagupa va dasa arthagapa mAne haiM ve ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki unakA mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda nAmaka tInoM guNoM meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| puna: A, narendraprabhari ne apane dvArA svIkRta ina mAdhuryAdi 1. vahI, pR, 194 - 195 - vahI, pR. 195

Page #319
307 tIna gupoM kA lakSaNasahita udAharapapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai| tathA A. hemacandra ke samAna pratyeka gupa ke udAharapa ke sAtha usakA pratyudAharapa bhI prastuta kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI rasoM meM gupoM kI taratamatA va gapoM ke vyajaka varSa - vizeSoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai|' ___A. vAgbhaTa - dvitIya ne sarvaprathama bharatamuni sammata data kAvyagupoM ke nAmollekhapUrvaka lakSapa prastuta kie hai, kintu inhoMne svayaM kevala mAryAdi tIna gupoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai tathA zeSa kA antarbhAva inhIM tIna gupoM meM mAnA hai| A. bhAvadevasari ne gupavarpana prasaMga meM pahale maratAdi - sammata zleSa, prasAda Adi dasa gupoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai tathA pratyeka kA lakSapa va saMdhapa meM udAharapa bhI prastuta kiyA hai| isI - - - - - - - - - - - 1. vahI, 6/15-28 2. daNDivAmanavAgbhaTAdipapItA dshkaavygpaaH| vayaM tu mAdhuryoja : prasAdalakSapAstrIneva gupaanmnyaamhai| shessaastessvevaantrbhvnti| kAvyAnu, vAgbhaTa, TIkA, pR. 39 3 kAvyAlaMkArasAra - 4/2-7

Page #320
308 kama meM mAdhuryAdi tIna gupoM kA bhI paraiH pada se ullekha kiyA hai| jo anya mata kA ghotaka hai| ata: unake anusAra dasa gupa hI mAnanA caahie| isa pataMga meM bhAvadevatari ne zobhA, abhimAna, hetu, pratiSedha, nirUkta, yukti, kArya aura prasiddhi - ina ATha kAvya cinhoM (kAvya - ladhapoM) kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jo isa prakAra hai - 1 828 38 zobhA - doSa kA nissedh| yathA jahA~ tuma ho vahA~ kaliyuga bhI zubha hai| abhimAna - vastuviSayaka uhaapoh| yathA - yadi vaha candramA hai to uSpatA kaise? hetU - anyadeko kti kA tyAga hetu hai| yathA - 'na indurnaarkoguruujhauN| pratiSedha - niSedha / yathA - tumane yuddha se nahIM, mA~ha se hI zatruoM ko jIta liyaa| nirUkta - nirvcn| yathA - una donoM ko maiM isa prakAra samajhatA hai, kintu Apa dobhAkara hai| 64 5 I. vahI, 4/8 - kAvyAlaMkAratAra - 4/9.

Page #321
309 16 71 yukti - viziSTatA / yathA - tuma navIna jalada ho, jo sone kI varSA karate ho| kArya - phlkthn| yathA - rAtrirUpI strI se viziSTa yaha candramA (Apa donoM ke) accheda (saMyoga) ke liye udita ho rahA hai| prasiddhi - prasida vastuoM meM tulyatA kA kathana - yathA - samudra jala se mahAna hai aura Apa bala se mahAna haiN| 188 ___ isa prakAra isa sampUrpa vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki ina sabhI jainAcAryoM ne alaMkArazAstra kI paramparA kA adhuNparUpa se nirvAha karate hue apanI zailI me gupa-svarUpa Adi viSayoM para vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| A. hemacandra ne jo atirikta pAMca kAvyAguNoM kA ullekhapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai, vaha anya kisI AcArya dvArA nirdiSTa na kiye jAne ke kArapa ullekhanIya hai| A. vAgbhaTa prathama, bhAvadevatari - ye jainAcArya bharata tathA vAmana Adi ke anuyAyI hai, kyoMki inhone dapta gupoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| A. hemacandra, narendraprasAra va vAgbhaTa dvitIya ye tIna jainAcArya Anandavardhana va mammTAdi ke samarthaka haiM kyoMki inhoMne mAdhuryAdi tIna gupoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai tathA zeSa kA inhI meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| isa prakAra niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina sabhI jainAcAryoM ne pUrvAcAryo dvArA mAnya kisI eka vicAradhArA ko svIkAra kara, zeSa kA yuktipUrvaka khaMDana kiyA hai|

Page #322
310 kaTha adhyAya : alaMkAra vivecana da jainAcArya bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM alaMkAroM kA atyadhika mahatva hai| isakI mahattA isa bAta se bhI ghoSita hotI hai ki kAvyazAstra alaMkArazAstra ke hI nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| kAvyamImAMsAkAra rAjazekhara ne isakI mahimA kA AkhyAna karate hue ise veda kA sAtavAM aMga mAnA hai| unake anusAra alaMkAra veda ke artha kA upakAraka hotA hai tathA alaMkAroM ke abhAva meM vedArtha kI avagati nahIM ho sakatI hai|' "alaMkaroti iti alaMkAraH" isa vyutpatti ke anusAra kAvya ke zobhAvardhaka tatvo ko alaMkAra kahate haiM tathA "alaMkriyate'nena iti alaMkAraH" isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para jinake dvArA kApya alaMkRta kiyA jAya use alaMkAra kahate haiN| prathama vyutpatti ke anusAra alaMkAra kAvya ke svAbhAvika dharma haiM aura dvitIya ke anusAra asvAbhAvika yA saadhnmaatr| alaMkAroM kA vAstavika vivecana bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra meM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| inhoMne kevala cAra alaMkAroM - upamA, rUpaka, dIpaka aura yama kA ullekha kiyA hai|2 zanaiH zanaiH alaMkArazAstra kA vikAsa hotA 1. upakArakatvAt alaMkAraH saptamaigamiti yaayaavriiyH| te ca tatsvarUpaparijJAnAta vedaarthaanvgtiH| kAvyamImAMsA dvitIya adhyAya, pR. 5 2. nATyazAstra, 17/43

Page #323
311 gayA, alaMkAra viSayaka mAnyatAyeM dRr3ha hotI gaI alaMkAro kI saMkhyA meM bhI uttarottara vRddhi huI tathA alaMkArazAstra kaI sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA, jinameM alaMkAra sampradAya, rIti sampadAya, rata sampradAya, dhvani-sampradAya, aura vakrokti sampadAya pramukha haiN| yaha sampadAya kramazaH alaMkAra,rIti, rasa, dhvani va vakrokti ko hI kAvya kA sarvasva mAnate the| alaMkAra sampradAya ke saMsthApaka AcArya bhAmaha the| AcArya bhAmaha ne alaMkAra ko itanI mahattA pradAna kI ki sampUrNa kAvyazAstra hI alaMkArazAstra isa saMjJA se abhihita hone lagA, para alaMkAroM kA mahatva vibhinna AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM vibhinna prakAra se nirUpita huaa| AcArya daNDI ne kAvya kI zobhA bar3hAne vAle sabhI dharmoM ko alaMkAra kahA hai| sAtha hI AcArya daNDI ye bhI spaSTa likhate haiM ki dUsare granthoM meM jo sandhi, sandhyaMga, vRtti, kRtyaMga tathA unake ladhapoM Adi kA varNana kiyA hai, unheM hama alaMkAro ke antargata hI mAnate haiN| AcArya vAmana ne kAvya meM saundarya ke AdhAyaka sabhI tatvo' ko alaMkAra svIkAra kiyA hai|' dhvanyAlokakAra AcArya Anandavardhana ne ye svIkAra kiyA ki jisa prakAra kaTaka, kuNDalAdi laukika alaMkAra kAminI ke zarIra ko suzobhita I. kAvyAdarza, 2/1 2. kAvyAdarza, 2/367 3 kAvyAlaMkArasUtra, 1/1/2-3

Page #324
312 karate haiM usI prakAra yamaka, upamA di alaMkAra kAvya-zarIra ko suzobhita karate haiN|' AnaMdavardhana kA anusarapa karate hue AcArya mammaTa ne ramapI ke hArAdi AbhUSapoM kI bhAMti kApya meM zabda aura artha kA aMgarUpa te kabhIkamI upakAra karane vAle anupAta upamA di ko alaMkAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama likhate haiM ki jisa prakAra alaMkAroM ke abhAva me strI kA rUpa suzobhita nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra alaMkAroM se rahita kAvya bhI suzobhita nahIM hotA hai| ___AcArya hemacandra kI mAnyatA hai ki aMgI rasa ke jo aMgamata zabda aura artha haiM unake Azrita rahane vAle dharma alaMkAra kahalAte haiN| ve alaMkAra rasa ke rahane para kabhI-kabhI upakAra karate haiM aura kabhI-kabhI nahIM bhI krte| rata kA abhAva hone para to ve vAcya vAcaka mAtra ke camatkAra meM hI sImita raha jAte haiN| isaliye Age ve rasopakAraka alaMkAra - prakAroM kA vivecana karate 1. tamarthamavalambante ye di. garna te gupAH smRtaaH| aMi. gAzritAstvalaMkArA mantavyAH kttkaadivt|| dhvanyAloka 2/6 2. upakurvanti taM santaM ye'i. gadArepa jaatcit| hArAdivadalai. kaaraaste'nupaasopmaadyH|| __kAvyaprakAza, 8/67 3 strIrUpamiva no bhAti ta buve'lNchiyodhyym| vAgbhaTA. 4/I . 4. aigAzritA alNkaaraa| . . . . ! kAvyAnuzAsana 3.

Page #325
313 huye likhate haiM ki rasaparaka hone para alainkAra kA yathAsamaya grahaNa aura yathAsamaya tyAga kara dene para tathA alaGkAra kA atyanta nirvAha na karane para yA aMgatva meM nirvAha kiye jAne para alai. kAra rasa ke upakArI hote haiN| AcArya hemacandra kI mAnyatAnusAra alaGkAroM kA sanniveza rasa ke upakAraka rUpa meM hI honA cAhiye, bAdhaka yA taTastha rUpa meM nahIM / alainkAroM kA sanniveza aMga meM bhI ho to samaya para hI ho tabhI vaha ratopakArI hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| grahIta alar3a. kAra ko yathAsamaya chor3a dene para bhI alaGkAra ratopakArI hotA hai, yathAsamaya na chor3ane para vaha ratopakArI nahIM hotaa| alaGkAroM kA atyanta nirvAha bhI nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhiye aura yadi nirvAha kiyA bhI jAye to aGgatvena hI kiyA jAnA cAhiye / aGgatva meM alaGkAra ke nirvAha na hone para vaha rasopakArI nahIM hotA hai| 2 isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne alaGkAroM ke sanniveza aura unake ratopakArI prakAroM kA vistArapUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA hai| 1. "tatparatve kAle grahatyA gayornA ti nivahipyaigatve rasopakAriNaH / kAvyAnu, 1/14 2. " tatparatvaM rasopakArakatvenAlai kAramya nivezo, na bAdhakatvena, nApi tATasthyena / aGgatve'pi kAle'vasare grahaNaM / gRhItasyApyavasare tyaago| nAtyantuM nirvAho / nirvA'ipyaG gatvaM / vahI, vRtti va udAharaNa pR. 35-41

Page #326
314 AcArya narendraprabhatari zauryAdi ke sadRza AtmA ke Azrita rahane vAle guNoM se viparIta hArAdi alaMkAroM kI taraha AhArya ( grahaNa karane aura tyAgane yogya) anupAta aura upamAdi ko alaMkAra mAnate haiN|' isa prakAra jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama, hemacandra va narendraprabhatari ne alaMkAra va usake mahattva ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya Anandavardhana va mammTAcArya kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA : sarvaprathama bharatamuni ne kevala 4 alaMkAroM kA ullekha kiyaa| tatpazcAta bhAmahAcArya ne 38 alaMkAroM kA ullekha kiyA, daNDI ne 37, vAmana ne 31 aura udamaTa ne 41 alaMkAro kA pratipAdana kiyaa| rUTa dvArA pratipAdita alaMkAroM kI mukhya saMkhyA 54 tathA mizrita saMkhyA 73 hai| bhojarAja ne 72, agnipurApakAra ne 16 tathA rUyyaka ne 82 alaMkAra mAne haiN| mammTAcArya ne 67 alaMkAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jainAcArya vAgbhTa prathama ne 39, hemacandrAcArya ne 35, AcArya narendraprabhasari ne 77, AcArya vAgbhaTa ditIya ne 69 evaM bhAvadevatari ne 58 alaMkAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| 1. ayanto'pi rasaM santaM jAta tebhyo vipryym| ye tu vibhtylNkaaraaste'npaasopmaadyH|| alaMkAramahodadhi, 6/20...

Page #327
315 alaMkAroM kA vargIkarapa : yata: alaMkAra zabdAryAzrita hote haiM, ata: unheM pramukha rUpa se zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra ke bheda se dvidhA vibhAjita karake pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA zabdoM para A prita rahane vAle alaMkAroM ko zabdAlaMkAra va artho para Azrita rahane vAle alaMkAroM ko arthAlaMkAra kahA jAtA hai| katipaya AcAryo mammTAdi ne zabda aura artha para samAna rUpa se A prita rahane vAle alaMkAroM ko ubhayAlaMkAra kahA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne alaMkAroM ke vibhAjana kA mApadaNDa anvaya - vyatireka svIkAra kiyA hai| alaMkAroM ke vibhAjana kA mApadaNDa anvaya - vyatireka to hemacandrAcArya ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, 2 para unhoMne ubhayAlaMkAroM ke varga ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| zabdAlaMkAra : jahA~ zabdagata camatkAra pAyA jAya vaha zabdAlaMkAra hai| zabdAlaMkAra meM zabda parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki zabdoM kA parivartana hone para kAvyagata saundarya vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| ata: zabdAlaMkAra meM zabdoM kI vizeSa mahattA hotI hai| zabdAlaMkAro kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM AcAryoM meM matabheda rahA hai| bharatamuni ne mAtra yamaka ko zabdAlaMkAra kahA hai|' bhAmahAcArya ne anupAta 1. kAvyaprakAza, pR. 423 - kAvyAnuzAsana, pR. 401 . nATyazAstra, 17/62

Page #328
316 va yamaka - ina do kA ullekha kiyA hai| daNDI ne yamaka aura kiAlaMkAra ko upamA rUpakA di se pRthaka zabdAlaMkAra svIkAra kiyA hai| sarvaprathama rUTa ne spaSTa rUpa se vakrokti, anupAta, yamaka, praleSa aura citra ko zabdAlaMkAra kahA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne zabdAlaMkAra ke antargata vakrokti, anupAta, yamaka, zleSa, citra va punarUktavadAbhAsa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, parantu unake mta meM prathama pAMca hI malata: zabdAlaMkAra haiN| antima punarUktavadAbhAsa ko ve ubhayAlaMkAra ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| isI liye unhoMne utte zabdAlaMkAroM ke anta me tathA arthAlaMkAroM ke vivecana se pUrva rakhA hai| jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne citra, vakrokti, anupAta aura yamaka ina + alaMkAroM ko zabdAlaMkAra kahA hai| unhoMne citra ke eka svaracitra Adi aneka bheda prastuta kie haiN| vakrokti ke kevala do hI bheda kie haiMtabhaMgavaleSavako kti aura abhaMgazleSakako kti'| anuprAsa ke - kAnapAsa va lATAnupAsa ye do bheda kie haiM tathA yamaka ke 24 medoM kA sodAharapa 1. draSTavyaH jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna, pR. 206 2. vakroktiranapAso yamakaM zleSastathA paraM citrm| zabdasyAlaMkArAH zleSo'rthasyApi so'nystu|| sTa-kAvyAlaMkAra, 2/13 3 kAvyaprakAza - navasa ullAsa + vahI, pR. 439 5 citra vakroktyanupAto yamakaM dhvanyalaMkiyA vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 4/2.. & vahI, 4/9 - 13 7. vahI: 4/15-16 & vahI, 4/17

Page #329
317 vivecana kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne spaSTataH 6 zabdAlaMkAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai - anupAsa, yamaka, citra, zleSa, vakrokti aura punarUktavadAbhAsA ve ubhayAlaMkAra nahIM mAnate haiN| punarUktavadAbhAsa ko unhoMne zabdagata alaMkAra mAnA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra 6 zabdAlaMkAroM kA vivecana isa prakAra hai 31 anupAta : "vyaMjanAtyAvRttiranupAta:" arthAta vyaMjana kI AvRtti anupAsa hai| vyaMjanoM kI yaha AvRtti kaI prakAra kI ho sakatI hai, jaise - eka vyaMjana kI aneka bAra, aneka vyaMjanoM kI eka yA aneka baar| sabhI prakAra kI AvRtti ke pRthak - pRthaka udAharapa die gaye haiN| "tAtparyamAtramedino nAmnaH padatya vA laattaanaam|' arthAta mAtra tAtparya ke bheda se hone vAlI nAma athavA pada kI AvRtti lATAnupAsa hai| Azaya yaha hai ki zabdArtha ke abheda hone para bhI anvaya mAtra se bhinna nAma athavA pada kI eka athavA aneka kI eka bAra yA aneka bAra AvRtti lATa sambandhI arthAta lATa deza ke logoM ko piya hone se lATAnupAsa kahalAtI hai| - 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra - zabdAlaMkArApAM SaNpAM taavdaah| ssnnpaamiti| anupraasymkcitrshlessvkoktipunruuktaabhaasaanaam| kAvyAnu, vRtti, TIma, pR, 295

Page #330
318 AcArya mammTa ne anuprAsa kA vivecana karate hue varSoM kI samAnatA yA AvRtti ko anupAsa kahA hai| unhoMne Thekagata aura vRttigata bheda se use do prakAra kA mAnA hai| parantu AcArya hemacandra ina donoM ko alaga - alaga na mAnakara eka hI bheda mAnate haiM, ve vRttyanupAta ko nahIM maante| unakA lATAnupAsa kA pratipAdana lagabhaga mammTa kI taraha hI hai, kintu unhoMne mammaTa ke lATAnupAta ke (1) eka samAsa meM, (2) bhinna samAtoM meM athavA (3) samAsa aura asamAsa meM prAtipadika pada (nAma)kI AvRtti - ina bhedoM ko nahIM mAnA hai, tathApi eka nAma kI AvRtti eka bAra tathA aneka bAra aura aneka nAma kI AvRtti eka bAra tathA aneka bAra ke pRthak - pRthaka udAharapa die haiM tathA pada kI AvRtti ke bhI eka bAra, aneka bAra, aneka padoM kI AvRtti eka bAra tathA aneka bAra ke udAharaNa diye haiN| 12 yamaka : "satya nyArthAnAM vapInA atikramakye ymkm|| arthAta artha ke hone para bhinna aryavAle varSoM kI kamazaH zruti (pravapa ) yamaka hai| yamaka kA svarUpa prAyaH A. mammaTa ke samAna hai| yamaka ke bheda - prabhedoM ke sandarbha meM mammaTa tathA hemacandra meM paryApta bhinnatA hai| mammaTa ne yamaka ke / / pAdana medoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jabaki A. hemacandra ne yamaka ko 1. vrsssaamymnpaatH| ThekavRttigato dvidhaa| kAvyaprakAza 9/103-104 2. arthe satyarthabhinnAnAM varSagAM sA punaH shrutiH| ymkm| vahI, 1/416 3. vahI, vRtti, pR. 10

Page #331
319 pAdA aura bhAgaja bheda hai. dvidhA vibhakta kara' pAdaja ke 15 medoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isI prakAra mammTa ne pAda ko do bhAgo me tikta karane para 20, tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta karane para 30 aura cAra bhAgoM me vibhakta karane para 40 bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 3 parantu AvArya hemacandra ne kamaza: 28, 42 aura 56 bheda batalAe haiN| 4 3. citra : A. hemacandra ne citrAlaMkAra kA jo svarUpa pastuta kiyA hai usate unakI citrAlaMkAra bhedaviSayaka mAnyatA bhI spaSTa hotI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki "svaravyaMjanasthAnagatyAkAraniyamacyutagaTAdi citram arthAta svara, vyaMjana, sthAna, gati, AkAra, niyama, cyuta aura gUDha citra hai| isameM bhoja ke lakSaNa kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| isa sandarbha me A. mammaTa ne likhA hai ki jahA~ jisa bandha meM varSoM kI racanA khaDga Adi kI AkRti kA hetu ho jAtI hai, vaha citra alaMkAra kahalAtA hai| 1. tatpAde bhAge vaa| ___ kAvyAnu. 5/3 2. tada yamakaM pAde tasya ca bhAge bhvti| tatra pAjaM pNcdshdhaa| vahI, . pu. 300 - kAvyaprakAza, vRtti. pR. 4 / / + tathA bhAgajasya dvidhA vibhakte pAde prathama pAdA dibhAga: parvava dvitIyA dipaadaadibhaagess| antbhaago'ntbhaagessvityssttaaviNshtibhedaaH| zlokAntare hi na bhAgAvRtti: sNbhvti| tridhA vibhakte dvaactvaariNdhaat| caturdhA vibhakte ssttpNcaasht| kAvyAnu vRtti, pR. 302, 304 5. tulanIya - sarasvatI kaNThAmarapa 2/1 6 taccitraM yatra vanAM rujhaayaakRtihetutaa| kAvyaprakAza, 1/120

Page #332
320 AcArya hemacanda ne svaracitra ke "hasva-eka-svara" kA udAharapa "jayamadanagjadamana" ityAdi vRtti meM dekara dIrgha eka svara, dvitvara, trisvara Adi svaraniyamoM ke udAharapa mI viveka TIkA meM diye haiM tathA vyaMjana niyama kA eka udAharaNa "nanonanunno nunnono" ityAdi dekara TIkA meM aneka udAharapa diye haiM aura sthAna-niyama ke bhI aneka udAharaNa TIkA meM diye haiN| gatapratyAgata A di gaticitra ko bhI aneka prabhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, jaise - padagata pratyAgata ke atirikta, ardhagatapatyAgata, zlokagatapratyAgata, sarvatobhadra, ardhabhama, turaMgapadAgata, gomatrikA-pAdagomatrikA, ardhagomatrikA, zlokagomatrikA aadi|' ina sabhI ke udAharapa bhI viveka TIkA meM diye gaye haiM tathA kahA gayA hai ki Adipada se gaja-pada, ratha-pada Adi ko samajhanA caahie| khaDga murajabana Adi AkRti ko AkAra ke antargata pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai tathA udAharapa bhI die gae haiN| isI prakAra musala, dhanuSa, bApa, caka, padma Adi AkAra ke udAharapa TIkA me die gae haiN| cyuta ko + prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai -- mAtrAcyuta, arddhamAtracyuta, binducyuta aura vrpcyut|' AcArya hemacandra ne inake udAharaNa vRtti me hI prastuta kiye haiN| gaDhacitra ko bhI kiyA gaTa, kArakagar3ha, sambandhagaTa aura pAdgUTa meda se cAra prakAra kA batalAkara ' sodAharapa pratipAdana kiyA hai| I. kAvyAnuzAsana, TIkA, pR. 310-313 2. AdigRhapAdarAjapadarathapadAdI ni jnyaatvyaani| dahI, pR. 313 3 cyutaM mAtrArdhammAtrA binduvarSagatatvena turdhaa|

Page #333
321 15.5 ileSa : "arthabhedabhinnAnAM zabdAnAM bhai. gAbhai. gAbhyAM yagapadAkti : zleSa:" arthAta arthabheda vAle bhinna - bhinna zabdoM kI maMga se athavA abhaMga te yugapad uti ko paleSa kahate haiN| A. hemacandra kA zleSa alaMkAra kA yaha svarUpa A. mammaTa ke lakSapa' kI apedhA saMkSipta aura sarala hai| A. hemacandra ne ileSa ke 8 meda batalAe hai - varSa, pada, liMga, bhASA, prakRti, pratyaya, vibhakti aura vacana shless| mammTa ne prakRti, pratyaya Adi kA bheda na hone se 8 prakAra ke sabhaMgazleSoM se bhinna abhaMgazleSa rUpa navam bheda bhI mAnA hai, jabaki A. hemacandra ne AThoM bhedoM ko bhaMga se aura abhaMga te dvidhA vibhakta kara diyA hai| A. hemacandra dvArA kiyA gayA mASAzleSa ke 57 medoM kA kathana anya AcAryoM kI tulanA meM sarvAdhika hai| yaha bheda bahuta mahatvapUrNa haiN| saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAzleSa kA udAharapa vRtti meM dekara saMskRta-mAgadhI, saMskRta-paizAcI, saMskRta-bhAratenI, saMskRta-apabhraMza ke zleSagata udAharaNa viveka TIkA meM diye haiN| 358 vakrokti : A. hemacandra ne likhA hai - "uktasyAnyenAnyadhAuleSAktirvakrokti:- ardhAda vaktA ke dvArA kahI huI bAta ko leSa ke 1. vAcyabhedene bhinnA yada yugpbhaassnnspRshaaH| pilaSyanti zabdAH zleSo saavkssraadibhirssttdhaa|| kAvyaprakAza 9/118 2. sa da varSapadaliMgabhASAprakRtipatyavibhaktivacanarupApA zabdAnA bhaMgAdarbhagAcca dedhA bhvti| kAvyAnu. vRtti, pR. 324 3 kAvyaprakAza, vRtti, pR. 416 tathA vahI, 9/119 yadaktamanyathAvAkyamanyathA'nyena yojyte| zleSepa kAkvA vAyA mA koktistathA dvidhaa||

Page #334
322 dvArA jaba protA dUtare hI DhaMga se letA hai to daha vakrokti kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra A. hemacandra kA vako kti kA svarUpa mammaTa / kI hI bhAMti hai, kintu apekSAkRta sarala hai| vakrokti ke prasaMga meM unhoMne kAka-vakrokti ko alaMkAra nahIM mAnA hai, apitu use mAtra pAThadharma kahA hai| isake samarthana meM unhoMne rAjazekhara kI paMkti "abhiprAyavAn pAThadhaH kAkuH sa kathamalaMkArIsyAditi yAyAvarIyaH" udhRta kara svamata kI puSTi kI hai| ata: mammaTa se isa viSaya meM hemacandra kI vicAradhArA bhinna hai| kAku ko unhoMne kevala gupImatavyaMgya kA bheda mAnA hai aura dhvanikAra kI kArikA bhI udhRta kI hai| A. hemacandra ne kAku ko sAkAMkSA aura nirAkAMkSA bheda se do prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA hai aura usake viSaya ko 3 prakAra kA kahA hai - arthAntara, tadarthagata evaM vizeSa aura tdrthaabhaav| 368 punarUktAbhAsa : A. hemacandra punarUktAbhAsa ko mAtra zabdAlaMkAra hI mAnate haiN| unake anusAra "bhinnAkRte: zabdatyaikArthatava punaruktAbhAsaH arthAta bhinna AkRti vAle zabda kI ekArthatA hI punarUktAbhApta hai| Age ve likho haiM ki bhinna rUpa se sArthaka aura kahIM-kahIM donoM yA eka ke 1. yaduktamanyathAvAkyamanyathA'nyena yojyte| zleSaNa kA kvA vA jJeyA sA vako ktistathA didhaa|| vahI, 9/102 2. gupIbhUtavyaMgyaprabheda evaM caaym| zabdaspuSTatvenArthAntarapratI tihetutvaat| yadAha dhvanikAraH - arthAntaragatiH kAkvA yA caiSA pridRshyte| sA vyaMgyasya guNIbhAve prakAramimamA pritaa|| kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 333 3 sA ca kAkurdvividhA - sAkAMkSA nirAkAMkSA ca / vAkyasya sAkAMkSa nirAkAsatvAta / viSayo'pi vividhaH-arthAntaraM tadarthagata eva vizeSaH taMdaryAbhAvo maa| -nahIM.pra.336

Page #335
323 anarthaka zabdo meM ApAtataH samAnArthakatA kI pratIti jahAM hotI hai vaha panarUktAbhAsa hai| punarUktavad AbhAsa hone se punarUktAbhAsa kahate haiN| A. narendraprabhatari ne anupAta, yamaka, citra, paleSa, vako kti aura punarUktavadAbhAsa - ina : zabdAlaMkAroM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| inhoMne sarvaprathama anupAta ke cAra bheda - zruti, Theka, vRtti evaM lATa kie haiN|' tatpazcAta - zruti ke puda, saMkIrpa aura nAgara - ye tIna bheda kie haiN| 2 ThekAnuprAsa kamazAlI, viparyasta, vepikA evaM garbhita cAra prakAra kA batAyA hai| inake anusAra samAna vargoM ke akSaroM kI AvRtti vRttyanupAta hai, yaha kavitva kA prApabhUta hai tathA yaha bAraha prakAra kA hotA hai - kAMTI, kauntalI, kA~gI, kauMkapI, vAnavAtikA, trAvapI, mAdhurI, 1. alaMkA ramahodadhi 7/2 2. vahI, 7/4 kamazAlI viparyasto veNikA grbhitstthaa| kramazAlI kamopetaH, viparyastaH kmaatyyii|| AvAkyAntagatAnakevAvRttistu vennikaa| garbhitastvaparo varpastomo ytraanygrbhitH|| vahI, 7/14 yadi vA yatra vApAM vayarAvartanaM nijaiH| vatyanapAsamicchanti taM kvitvaikjiivitm|| vahIM, 1/14

Page #336
324 mAtsI, mAgadhI, tAmaliptikA, uMDrI aura paunnddrii|' vRtyanupAta ke ye bAraha bheda bhojasammata haiN| AcArya narendraprabhatari ne isI prakAra svabhAvataH, upacAravazAta vIpsA se AbhIkSNya se, kaSAdi dhAtuoM se mula pratyaya karane para usI dhAtu ke upapada rahane te aura sambhama se jo padoM kI AvRtti hotI hai, unheM lATAnupAta ke bheda kahA hai| bhoja ne inheM nAmadvirUkti anuprApta kahA hai| inhoMne saMbhaMgazleSa ke varpa - padAdi ATha bhedoM kI taraha abhaMgazleSa ke bhI ATha bhedoM kI saMbhAvanA kI hai| sAtha hI praleSa ko arthagata bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| inhoMne punarUktavadAbhAsa ko zabdAlaMkAra bhI kahA hai aura zabdArthAlaMkAra bhii|' A. vAgmaTa dvitIya ne citra, praleSa, anupAta, vakrokti, yamaka aura punarUktavadAbhAsa - ina cha: alaMkAro ko zabdAlaMkAra svIkAra 2. lA 1. vahI, pR. 212 - 213 draSTavya, sarasvatIkaNThAbharapa, 1/79-80 3. alaMkAramahodadhi, 7/17-18 4. draSTavya, sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa, 2/99 5. abhaMgazleSo'pyaSTadhaiva yathAsaMbhava hyH| alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 222 6. zabdAnAmAmukhe yasminnekArthatvAvabhAsanamA punarUktavadAbhAsaM zabda - shbdaarthgaamitt|| vahI, 7/24 . ...

Page #337
325 kiyA hai| A.bhAvadevatari ne bhI inhIM cha: zabdAlaMkAroM ko svIkAra kiyA saMkSepa meM, jainAcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye ukta zabdAlaMkAra vivecana se ye spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne kevala citra, vakrokti, anupAta aura yamaka - ina cAra alaMkAroM ko zabdAlaMkAra mAnA hai| hemacandrAcArya, A. narendraprabhasari, vAgbhaTa dvitIya aura bhAvadevasari ne - praleSa tathA punarUktavadAbhAsa - ina do anya alaMkAroM ko uparokta cAra alaMkAroM meM samAviSTa kara : zabdAlaMkAroM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| A. vAgbhaTa prathama ne punarUktavadAmAsa kA ullekha hI nahIM kiyA hai tathA praleSa ko arthAlaMkAra mAnA hai| A. hemacandra, narendrapramatari, vAgbhaTa dvitIya va bhAvadevasari ne zleSa ko zabdAlaMkAra va arthAlaMkAra donoM svIkAra kiyA hai| arthAlaMkAra : arthAlaMkAra vaha hai jahAM arthagata camatkAra pAyA jAtA hai| arthAlaMkAra meM zabda parivartana hone para bhI artha ke kArapa camatkAra vidyamAna rahatA hai| ataH isameM artha kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| vibhinna AcAryoM kI alaMkAra sambandhI dhArapA meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| AcArya mammaTa ne 61 prakAra ke arthAlaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA hai -1) upamA, (2) ananvaya, (3) upameyopamA, (4) utprekSA 1. citrazleSAnapAsavakroktiyuktiyamakapunarUktavadAbhAsAH SaT shbdaalNkaaraaH| ___ kAyAnu., vAgbhaTa, pR. 46 2. syAda vakroktiranuprAso yamakaM zleSa ityapi / 'niM punarUktavadAbhAsa bhbdessvlNkRtiH|| kaavyaalkaarsaar,5/|

Page #338
326 ( 5 ) sasandeha, (6) rUpaka, ( 7 ) apahnutti, (8) paleSa (9) samAtokti , (10) nidarzanA, (11) apastuta prazaMsA, (12) atizayokti, (13) prativastUpamA, (14) dRSTAnta, (15) dIpaka, (16) tulyayogitA, (17) vyatireka (18) AkSepa, (19) vibhAvanA, (20) vizeSokti, (21) yathAsaMkhya, (22) arthAntaranyAsa, (23) virodhAbhAsa, (24) svabhAvo kti, (25) vyAjastuti, (26) sahokti, (27) vino kti, (28) parivRtti, (29) bhAvika, (30) kAvya lii.ga, (31) paryAyokti, (32) udAtta, (33) samuccaya, (34) paryAya, (35) anumAna, (36) parikara, (37) vyAjo kti, (38) parisaMkhyA, (39) 'kArapamAlA, (40) anyonya, (41) uttara, (42) sUkSma, (43) sAra, (55) asaMgati, (45) samAdhi, (46) sama, (47) viSama, (48) adhika, (51) pratyanIka, (50) mI lita, (51) ekAvalI, (52) smRti, (53) bhAntimAna (54) pratIpa, (55) sAmAnya, (56) vizeSa, (57) sadgupa, (58) atadgupa, (59) vyAghAta, (60) saMsRSTi aura (61) saMi. kr|' jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne paitIsa arthAlaMkAra svIkAra kie haiMjAti, upamA, rUpaka, prativastUpamA, prAntimAna, AkSepa, saMzaya, dRSTAntu, vyatireka, apahanuti, tulyayogitA, utprekSA, arthAntaranyAsa, tamAsokti, 1. A. vizvezvaraH kAvyaprakAza, pR. 441

Page #339
327 vibhAvanA, dIpaka, atizaya, hetu, paryAyo kti, samA hita, parivRtti, yathAsaMkhya, viSama, tahokti, virodha, avasara, sAra, ileza, samuccaya, aprastutaprarzatA, ekAvalI, anumAna, parisaMkhyA, praznottara aura sNkr|' inameM jAti alaMkAra svabhAvokti kA paryAyavAcI hai| A. vAgbhaTa prathama ne upamA ke - upameyopamA, ananvayopamA, anekopameyamalopamA aura anekopamAnamalopamA - ina bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| iname anekopameyamalo pamA ke atirikta zeSa upameyopamA, ananvayopamA aura anekopamAnamalopamA kramazaH A. mammaTAdi - sammata upameyopamA, ananvaya va mAlopamA alaMkAra A. vAgbhaTa prathama ne kisI eka AcArya ko AdhAra nahIM mAnA hai, apitu jisa AcArya kA jo lakSapa unheM sampana pratIta huA hai, use unhoMne apane zabdoM meM ullikhita kiyA hai| unakA sahokti lakSapa' rUmyaka ke sahokti ke eka upabheda "kAryakArapapratiniyamaviparyayarUpA sahokti' para Adhata hai| isI prakAra vAgbhaTa prathama ke dIpakAlaMkAra para bharata va - - - - - - - - - - - I. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 4/2-6 2. vahI, 4/54-57 3. sahoktiH sA bhaved yatra kAryakArapayoH sh| samutpattikathA hetorvaktuM tjjnmshkttaam|| vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 4/19 5. dRSTaya , alaMkArasarvasva , pR.298

Page #340
328 bhAmaha, pattataparzatA, prativastUpamA aura dRSTAnta para bhAmaha, antiranyAsa,tulyayogitA, hetu aura samAhita para daNDI, samuccaya aura avasara para rUTa, jAti aura vyatireka para rUpyaka, rUpaka, utprekSA, paryAyo kti, atizokti, AkSepa, virodha, viSama, parisaMkhyA, saMkara va ekAvalI para mammaTa kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| vAgbhaTa prathama, jahA~ aneka alaMkAroM kA sammelana ho, use saMkarAlaMkAra mAnate haiN|| AcArya hemacandra ne mAtra 29 arthAlaMkAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA haiM -(1) upamA, (2) utprekSA, (3) rUpaka, ( 4 ) nidarzana, (5) dIpaka, (6) anyokti, (7) paryAyokta, (8) atizayokti, (7) AkSepa, (10) virodha, (11) sahokti, (12) samAsokti, (13) jAti, (14) vyAjastuti, (15) zleSa, (16) vyatireka, (17) arthAntaranyAsa, (18) sandeha, (19) apahnuti, (20) parivRtti, (21) anumAna, (22) smRti, (23) bhAnti , (24) viSama, (25) sama, (26) samuccaya, (27) parisaMkhyA, (28) kArapamAlA aura (29) sNkr| inakA vivarapa isa prakAra hai - / upamA - "yaM sAdharmyamupamA upamA ke isa lakSaNa meM AcArya hemacandra ne "yaM ' kahakara alaMkAra ke saundarya parva para vizeSa bala diyA hai| 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 4/144. 2 kAvyAnuzAsana, TIkA, pR. 339

Page #341
tAdharmya pada kA prayoga mammaTa ne bhI kiyA hai|' A* hemacandra ke anusAra sAdharmya AhalAdajanaka hogA tabhI vaha upamA alaMkAra hogA, anyathA nhiiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki alaMkAra rasopakAraka ho tabhI vaha kAvya maiM upAdeya hai, anyathA nhiiN| isaliye upamA ko sAdharmya ha honA hI caahiye| " sahRdaya hdayAhlAdakA ri" kahakara unhoMne hRdyaM kA artha spaSTa kiyA hai| isa prakAra A. hemacandra ke anusAra sahradaya ke hRdaya ko AhlAdita karane vAle upamAna aura upameya ke sAya kA kathana upamA alaMkAra hai / mammaTa ne upamA ke lakSaNa meM "bhede" pada kA prayoga kiyA hai jo ananvaya alaMkAra ko svatantra rUpa se mAnane meM sahAyaka hotA hai, parantu AcArya hemacandra ne apane upamAlakSaNa meM bhede pada kA samAveza nahIM kiyA hai, kyoMki ve mAlopamA, razanopamA, upameyopamA, ananvaya aura utpAdyopamA ko upamA se pRthaka nahIM maante| 2 adhikAMza AcArya upamA ko hI arthAlaMkAroM kA mUla mAnate haiM aura prAyaH sabhI ne sarvaprathama upamAlaMkAra kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai, isaliye sarvaprathama upamA kA pratipAdana karanA ucita evaM paramparAgata hai| AcArya hemacandra ne upamA kA sodAharaNa vistRta vivecana tIna sUtra aura unakI vRtti meM kiyA hai| unhoMne anya sabhI alaMkAroM kA pratipAdana kramaza: eka - eka sUtra meM kiyA hai| 1. sAdharmyamupamA de 329 kAvyaprakAza 10/124 2. mAlopamAdayastUpamAyA nAtiricyanta iti na pRthaga lakSita: / kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 346

Page #342
828 utprekSA "asadmasaMbhAvanamivAdidyotyotprekSA" arthAt asadarbha kI sambhAvanA ivAdi ke dvArA potita hone para utprekSA kahalAtI hai| mammaTa' aura hemacandra kA utprekSA alaMkAra kA svarUpa mUlata: samAna hI hai| utprekSA ke dyotaka iva, manye, zake dhruvaM prAyaH, nUnam ityAdi zabda haiN| 838 * sAdRzye bhedenAropo rUpakamekAneka viSayam" arthAt sAdRzya ke hone para bheda dvArA Aropita ekaviSayaka aura anekaviSayaka rUpaka alaMkAra hotA hai / mammaTa ke anusAra upamAna aura upameya kA abheda varNana rUpaka hai| 2 ataH donoM AcAryoM ke lakSaNoM me antara hai| rUpaka 330 - 3. 848 nidarzana "iSTArthasiddhaye dRSTAnto nidarzanam " arthAt iSTArtha kI siddhi ke liye jo dRSTAnta kA nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai vaha nidarzanAlaMkAra hai| isameM mammaTa sammata dRSTAnta arthAntaranyAsa aura nidarzana ke lakSaNoM kA ekadeza samAveza kiyA gayA hai| A. hemacandra ne nidarzana aura arthAntaranyAsa kA antara spaSTa karate huye likhA hai ki jahA~ sAmAnya athavA vizeSa kA vizeSa ke dvArA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ nidarzanA alaMkAra hotA hai aura jahA~ vizeSa kA sAmAnya ke dvArA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai vahI~ arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hotA hai| 3 A. mammaTa ukta donoM 1 1. sambhAvanamathotprekSA prakRtasya samena yat / kAvyaprakAza 10/136 2. tadUpakamabhedo ya upamAnopameyayoH / vahI, 10/138 yatra sAmAnyasya vizeSasya vA vizeSeNa samarthanaM tannidarzanam / yatra tu vizeSasya sAmAnyena samarthanaM so'rthAntaranyAsaH / kAvyAsaha TIkA, pR. 353

Page #343
331 sthitiyoM me arthAntaranyAta hI mAnate haiN|| 358 dIpaka - "prakRtAprakRtAnAM dharmaikyaM dIpakam" arthAta prakRta aura apakRta (upameya-upamAna) ke dharmoM kA ekya dIpakAlaMkAra hai| yaha mammTa ke dIpakAlaMkAra ke lakSapa para hI AdhArita pratIta hotA hai| 2 A. hemacandra ne kArakadIpaka ko lakSita nahIM kiyA hai, kyoMki "sviti kupati vellati vicala ti" ityAdi meM jAti kA hI camatkAra hotA hai kAraka dIpaka kA nhiiN| 868 anyokti : "sAmAnyevizeSa kArye kArape prastute tadanyatya tulye tulyasyacoktiranyokti:' arthAta sAmAnya, vizeSa, kArya aura kArapa ke prastuta hone para tathA tulya ke prastuta hone para dUsare tulya kA kathana karanA anyokti hai| yaha mammaTa ke aprastutaparzatA ke bahuta samIpa hai|' jise mammaTa ne aprastutaprazaMsA kahA hai vastuta: vahI A. hemacandra ke mata meM anyokti hai| - - 1. sAmAnyaM vA vizeSo vA tadanyena smthyt| yattu so'rthAntaranyAsaH sAdhayepetarepa vaa|| kAvyaprakAza, 10/164 2. vahIM, 10/155 3. kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 353 + tulanIya-kAvyaprakAza 10/150, 151

Page #344
332 171 paryAyokta - "vyaMgyatyo ktiH paryAyoktam" arthAt vyaMgya kA paryAya se kathana karanA paryAyokta hai| yaha lakSapa bhI mammaTa se milatAjulatA hai|' 388 atizayokti - "vizeSavivakSyA bhedAbhedayogAyogavyatyayo - 'tizayokti : arthAt vizeSa vivakSA se bheda, abheda, yoga aura ayoga kA viparIta varpana atizayokti hai| ve isake cAra bhedoM ko mAnate haiM - bheda meM abheda, abheda meM bheda, sambandha meM asambandha aura sambandha meM smbndh| 11 AkSepa - "vivakSitasya niSedha ivopamAnasyAkSepazcAkSepaH" arthAta jo bAta kahanA cAhate haiM usakA niSedha aura iva-upamAna kA AkSepa yA tiraskAra kara denA AkSepa kahalAtA hai| isIprakAra mammaTa mI AkSepa ko do prakAra kA mAnate haiM- vakSyamANa kA niSedha aura ukta viSaya kA niSedha (ivopamAna kA AkSepa)2 8108 virodha - "arthAnAM virodhAbhAso virodhaH" arthAt arthoM ke virodha kA AbhAsa virodha alaMkAra hai| mammTa aura hemacandra ke pratipAdana meM koI antara nahIM hai| hemacandra ne bhI mammaTa ke samAna jAti, guNa, kriyA aura dravyarUpa padArthoM kA sajAtIya athavA vijAtIya ke sAtha 1. tulanIya - kAvyaprakAza 10/174 2. vahI, 10/166

Page #345
333 stavika virodha na hone para bhI pArasparika virodha kA AbhAsa mAtra honA virodha alaMkAra mAnA hai| mammaTa ne isaprakAra isake 10 bheda sambhava batalAye haiN|| / / sahokti - "sahArthabalAdamatyAnvayaH sahokti:" arthAta saha artha ke sAmarthya te dharma kA anvaya sahokti hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jahA~ saha zabda ke artha kI sAmarthya se eka pada do kA vAcaka ho vaha sahokti 8128 samAsokti - "pilaSTavizeSarUpamAnadhIH samAsoktiH" arthAta zilaSTa vizeSapoM ke dvArA upamAna kA kathana samAsa arthAta saMkSapa se prakRta aura aprakRta donoM kA myana hone se samAptokti kahalAtA hai| mammaTa aura hemacandra dono AcAryoM kA samAto kti kA svarUpa samAna hai|2 8138 jAti - "svabhAvAkhyAnaM jAti:' arthAta svabhAva kA kathana karanA jAti hai| yaha svabhAvokti kA hI purAnA nAma hai| mammTa ne ise svabhAvokti hI kahA hai| mammaTa ke svabhAvo kti aura AcArya hemacandra ke jAti alaMkAra meM samAnatA hai| haiM 14 vyAjastuti - "stutinindayoranyaparatA vyAjastuti:' arthAta stuti aura nindA kI anyaparatA vyAjastuti hai| stuti kA 1. vahI, 10/166 2 tulanIya - paroktirbhedakaiH zliSTai: smaasoktiH| vahI, 10/147

Page #346
334 nindA meM aura nindA kA stuti meM paryavasAna kramazaH vyAjarUpAstuti aura vyAja se stuti donoM artha te vyAjastuti kahalAtA hai| isake vivecana meM mammaTa se pUrva sAmya hai| 8158 paleSa - "vAkyasyAnekArthatA zleSaH' arthAt vAkya kI anekArthatA zleSa hai| Azaya yaha hai ki padoM kI ekArthatA hone para bhI jahAM vAkya kI anekArthatA ho vaha pleSa nAmaka arthAlaMkAra kahalAtA hai| 1168 vyatireka - "utkarSApakarSahatvoH sAmyasya coktAvanukto copameyatyAdhikyaM vyatireka : arthAta upameya kA upamAna se adhika varpana karanA vyatireka hai| AcArya hemacandra ne mammaTa kA hI anukarapa karate hue isake bheda-prabhedI para vicAra kiyA hai| 1178 arthAntaranyAsa - "vizeSasya sAmAnyena sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM samarthanamarthAntaranyAsaH' arthAta jahA~ vizeSa kA sAmAnya ke dvArA sAdharmya athavA vaidharmya pUrvaka samarthana kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hotA hai| yaha mammaTa kA ekadeza anukarapa hai| mammaTa sAmAnya kA vizeSa se aura vizeSa kA sAmAnya se donoM kA samarthana sAdharmya aura vaidharmya pUrvaka mAnate haiN| 1. tulanIya - kAvyaprakAza 10/168 2. sAmAnyaM vA vizeSo vA tadanyena smyt| yattu so'rthAntaranyAsaH sAdhamryektareSa vA / / vahI, 10/164

Page #347
8198 apahanuti "prakRtAprakRtAbhyAM prakRtApalApo'pahnuti : " arthAt jahA~ prastuta se prastuta kA athavA aprastuta se prastuta kA apalApa kiyA jAya vahA~ apahnuti alaMkAra hotA hai / mammaTa ne prastuta kA niSedha karake aprastuta kI siddhi ko apanati kahA hai| tathA prakaTa huye vastu ke svarUpa ko chalapUrvaka chipAne ke varNana ko vyAjokti | 2 parantu A. hemacandra ne apahanuti ke uparyukta lakSaNa meM mammaTa sammata apahnuti aura vyAjoktiina donoM ke svarUpoM ko sthAna diyA hai| ve vyAjokti ko pRthak alaMkAra mAnane ke pakSa meM nahIM haiN| 335 parivRtti $200 * paryAyavinimayau parivRttiH " arthAta paryAya kA vinimaya parivRtti hai| Azaya yaha hai ki eka pada kA aneka jagaha aneka kA ekatra kramazaH vRtti hai| sama ke dvArA sama kA utkRSTa rUpa se nikRSTa kA nikRSTa ke dvArA utkRSTa rUpa se vyatihAra vinimaya hai| ataH padArthoM kA samAna yA asamAna (uttama athavA hIna padArthoM ) ke sAtha jo parivartana kA varpana hai vaha parivRtti hai| - $218 anumAna " hetoH sAdhyAvagamo'numAnam" arthAt kAraNa se kArya kA jJAna karanA anumAna hai| anyathAnupapatti ke ekamAtra lakSaNa hetu se sAdhya kArya yA jijJAsita artha kI pratIti kA jahA~ varNana kiyA jAya vahA~ anumAna hai| 1. kAvyaprakAza, 10/145 2. vahI, 10/183

Page #348
337 isaprakAra A. hemacandra ne 29 prakAra ke arthAlaMkAroM kA sodAharaNa pratipAdana kiyA hai| alaMkAra vivecana meM bhI pUrvavartI AcAryo kA paryApta prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| A. hemacandra ne kisI AcArya vizeSa ko pUrNa mAnyatA nahIM dI hai, apitu jisa AcArya kI jo ukti ucita samajhI hai use tarka kI kasauTI para katakara svIkAra kiyA hai| alaMkAra vivecana ke sandarbha meM unakI kasauTI yaha hai ki kucha alaMkAroM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, kucha alaMkAra doSAbhAva rUpa haiM aura kucha alaMkAra kahalAne yogya hI nahIM haiN| isI kasauTI para unakA alaMkAra vivecana AdhArita hai| A. mammaTa sammata adhikAMza alaMkAroM ko A. hemacandra ne chor3a diyA hai, unapara koI vicAra hI nahIM kiyA hai| choTe athavA kama mahatva ke alaMkAroM ko mahatvapUrNa alaMkAroM meM samAviSTa kara liyA hai| rasa tathA bhAva se saMbaMdhita rasavat, preyasa, utvita aura samAhita alaMkAroM ko mammaTa kI bhAMti chor3a diyA hai| unhoMne svabhAvokti ke lie jAti tathA aprastutaprazaMsA ke liye anyokti zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| viveka TIkA meM unhoMne sarasvatIkaNThAbharapakAra bhoja evaM anya alaMkArikoM dvArA nirdiSTa sabhI alaMkAro kI carcA kI hai aura kucha alaMkAroM ko svIkRta alaMkAroM meM samAviSTa kara liyA hai yA kuTha ko alaMkAra hI nahIM mAnA hai|' hemacandra kI apekSA mammaTa ne jina alaMkAro ko adhika kahA hai ve nimnalikhita haiM - 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, TIkA, pR. 405

Page #349
338 ananvaya, upameyopamA, prativastUpamA, dRSTAnta, tulyayogitA, vibhAvanA, vizeSokti, yathAsaMkhya, vinokti, bhAvika, kAvyaliMga, udAtta, paryAya, parikara, vyAjokti, anyonya, uttara, sUkSma, sAra, asaGgati, samAdhi, adhika, pratyanIka, mIlita, ekAvalI, pratIpa, sAmAnya, vizeSa, tadguNa, atadguNa, vyAghAta aura saMkRSTi aadi| A. hemacandra kI mAnyatA hai ki punaruktAbhAsa aura arthAntaranyAsa zabdArthobhayagata haiM, tathApi kampAH zabda vaicitrya evaM artha vaicitrya ko utkaTa dekhakara prathama ko zabdAlaMkAroM me tathA dvitIya ko arthAlaMkAroM meM kahA hai| parikara, apuSTArthatva doSAbhAva rUpa aura yathAsaMkhya bhagnaprakramatA doSAbhAva rUpa hai| vinokti to camatkArazUnya hai, ataH vaha alaMkAra rUpa meM mAnya nahIM hai / bhAvika alaMkAra to bhUta evaM bhAvI padArthoM kA pratyakSa karanA hai jo viSkambhaka evaM pravezakoM ke dvArA pradarzana karAyA jA sakane ke kAraNa abhineya hone se nATakAdi meM upayogI hai| udAtta yadi samRddhizAlI vastu lakSaNarUpa avasthA meM hai taba vaha atizayokti yA svabhAvokti se bhinna nahIM hai| AzI : to priyokti mAtra hai, yadi snehAtizaya se aisI icchA hI AzI : hai taba cittavRtti rUpa vaha pradhAna hone para bhAvadhvani hai, guNIbhUta hone para guNIbhUtavyaMgya hai| pratyanIka, pratIpa Adi mAnotprekSA ke prakAra hI haiN|

Page #350
_339 ata: yaha saba alaMkAra mAnya nahIM hai|' isaprakAra A. hemacandra ne jina alaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA hai uname prAyaH pUrvAcAryo kI mAnyatAoM ko bhI pramukharUpa te sthAna diyA hai tathA jina alaMkAroM ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai unakA yuktipUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai| 1. "yadyapi punarUktavadAbhAsArthAntaranyAsAdayaH kecidubhayAnvayavyatirekA nuvidhA yino'pi dRzyante tathApi tatra zabdatyAryasya vA vaicitryamutkaTamityubhayAlaMkAratvamanapekSyaiva pAbdAlaMkAratvenArthAlaMkAratvena coktAH / iha cApuSTArthatvalakSaNadoSAbhAvamAtra sAbhiprAyavizeSapoktirUpaH parikaro bhagnapakramatAdoSAbhAvamAtraM yathAsaMkhyaM doSA bhidhAnenaiva gatArtham / vinoktistu tathA vidhayatvavirahAta / bhAvikaM tu bhatabhA vipadArthapratyakSIkArAtmakamabhinayaprabandha eva bhavati / yadhapi muktakAdAvapi dRzyate tathA pi na tata svadate / udAttaM tu RddhimdastulakSapaM atizayoktejItervA na bhidyate / mahApuruSavarSanArUpaM ca yadi rasaparaM sadA dhvanaviSayaH / atha tathA vidhavarSanIyavastupAraM tadA gupIbhatavyaMgyatyeti nAlaMkAraH / rasavatpreyasIjasvibhAvasamAhitAni gupImatavyaMgyaprakArA eva / AzIstu piyo ktimAtra, bhAvajJApanena gupIbhatavyaMgyasya vA viSayaH / pratyanIkaM ca pratIyamAnotprekSAprakAra eveti nAlaMkArAntaratayA vaacym| kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 401-405 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, TIkA, pR. 402 - 405

Page #351
340 AcArya narendrasamasari ne 71 arthAlaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA hai - atizayokti, sahokti, upamA, ananvaya, upameyopamA, smarapa, saMzaya, bhAntimAna, ullekha, rUpaka, apanuti, pariNAma, utpeSA, tulyayogitA, dIpaka, nidarzanA, prativastupamA, dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa, vyatireka, vinokti, parikara, samAsokti, aprastutaparzatA, paryAyokta, Apa, vyAjastuti, zleSa, virodha, asaMgati, vizeSokti, vibhAvanA, viSama, sama, adhika, vicitra, paryAya, vikalpa, vyAghAta, anyonya, vizeSa, kArapamAlA, sAra, ekAvalI, mAlAdIpaka, kAvyaliMga, anumAna, yathAtathya, parivRtti, parisaMkhyA, arthApatti, samuccaya, samAthi pratyanIka, pratIpa, mI lita, sAmAnya, tadgupa, atadgapa, uttara, sUkSma, vyAjokti, svabhAvokti, udAnta, rasavada, peya, urjAsti, samAhita, saMsRSTi va sNkr'| isa prakAra narendraprabhatari ne kisI navIna alaMkAra kI unnAvanA nahIM kI hai tathA mammaTa sammata alaMkAroM ke atirikta syUyakA di - sammata alaMkAroM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai rasavadAdi alaMkAroM ko inhoMne siddhAnta rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai kyoMki kucha vidvAnoM ne pratipAdana kiyA hai ataH unhoMne bhI ullekha kara diyA hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki A. narendraprabhasUri ne A. vAgmaTa prathama dvArA ullikhita hetu, avasara aura praznottara nAmaka tIna alaMkAroM ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| 1. AlaMkAramahodadhi aSTama taraMga 2 alaMkAramahodadhi 8/85-86

Page #352
341 prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne arthAlaMkAroM ke vana - prasaMga meM, upamA ko arthAlaMkAroM kA mUla svIkAra karate hue sarvaprathama utI para vicAra kiyA hai para A. narendrapramatari ne sarvaprathama atizayokti kA vivecana kiyA hai tathA ute hI samasta alaMkAroM kA prApabhata kahA hai|' jainAcArya vAgbhaTa - dvitIya ne 63 arthAlaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA hai - jAti, upamA, utpredhA, rUpaka, dIpaka, sahokti, ASepa, virodha, arthAntaranyAsa, ghyAjastuti, vyatireka, sasandeha, apajhuti, parivRtti, anumAna, smRti, bhAnti, viSama, sama, samuccaya, anya, apara, parisaMkhyA, kArapamAlA, nidarzana, ekAvalI, yathAsaMkhya, parikara, udAtta, samAhita, vibhAvanA, anyonya, mI lita, vizeSa, pUrva, hetu, sAra, hama, leza, pratIpa, pihita, vyAghAta, asaMgati, ahetu, zleSa, mata, uttara, umayanyAsa, bhAva, paryAya, vyApokti, adhika, pratyanIka, ananvaya, tadgapa, ataTUgupa, saMkara aura aashiiH| ina alaMkAroM kI gaphnA karane ke pazcAta anta meM A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya 'prataya : pada kA prayoga karate haiN| jisase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unheM uparyukta alaMkAroM ke atirikta kucha anya alaMkAra bhI mAnya the, para unhoMne unakA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| A. mammaTa dvArA kathita - upameyopamA, prativastupamA - - - 1. sarvAlaMkAracatanyamatatvAta prathamamatizyokti vizeSato lkssyti| alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 227 2. kAvyAnu - vAgbhaTa, pR. 32 3 AbhIH praayo'likaaraa| vahI, pR. 32

Page #353
342 dRSTAnta, tulyayogitA, vizeSokti, vinokti, bhAvika, kAvyaliMga, samAdhi, sAmAnya aura saMtRSTi - ina gyAraha alaMkAroM kA A. vAgbhTa dvitIya ne koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai tathA anyo kti, anya, apara, samAhita, parva, heta, leza, pihita, ahetu, mata, ubhayanyAsa, bhAva aura AzI: - ina 13 anya alaMkAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai|' 1. ina alaMkAro ke lathapa kamA: isa prakAra hai - upameyasyaivoktAvanyapratItiranyokti : kAvyAna, vAgbhaTa, pR. 35 anekeSAmekA nibndhstvnyH| vahI, pR. pA gupakriyAyAM yugpdbhidhaanprH| vahI, pR. / kAryamArabhamApatya devApAyasaMpatti: samI hits| vahI, pR. 42 arvAcInatyArthasya pRthagabhidhAna puurvs| vahI, pR. 43 kAryakArapayoramedo hetuH| vahI, pR. 43 kAryato guNadoSaviparyayo lezA vahI, pR. 43 ekvAdhAre yatrAyavyatyakena pidhIyate tatpihitamA vahI, pR. 43 vikaarhetaavpyvikRtirhetuH| vahI, pR. 5 prakRtamakSipya vaktA yadanyathA manyate tnmtm| vahI, pR. sAmAnya sAmAnyena yatsamadhyaMta sa ubhynyaasH| vahI, pR. yatra pratIyamAno'rtho vAcyopayogI sa bhaavH| vahI, pR. 5 iSTArthasyAzAsanamAzI /

Page #354
343 A. vAgbhaTa ditIya ne jo upamA alaMkAra kA lakSapa diyA hai usameM unnATa kA prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai|' arthAntaranyAsa kA lakSapa dete hae unhoMne sAmAnya se vizeSa ke samarthana ko arthAntaranyAsa kahA hai - unakA yaha lakSapa hemacandrAcArya kA anukarapa karatA hai| isI prakAra vyAjastati, parivRtti, anumAna, bhAnti, viSama, sama, paritakhyA, kArapamAlA, ileSa aura saMkarAdi alaMkAroM ke lakSapoM para bhI A, hemacandra kA prabhAva hai|' bhAvadevasari ne 52 arthAlaMkAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai - upamA, utpekSA, rUpaka, jAti, vyatireka, dIpaka, AkSepa, aprastutapazesA, vibhAvanA, arthAntaranyAsa, vyAjastuti, samAdhi, parivRtti, tulyayogitA, zleSa, vakrokti, vyAjokti, vinokti, sahokti, paryAyokti, hetu, virodha, asaMgati, dRSTAnta, samAsokti, atizayokti, atyukti, bhAnti, smRti, sandeha, apahuti, viSama, devaka, uttara, udAtta, sAra, anyonya, samuccaya kArapamAlA, Ayi, yathAptakhya, tadgupa, ekAvalI, rasavata, peya, parisaMkhyA I. camatkAri sAmpamupamA / - kAvyAnu, vAgmTa, pR. 33 tulanIya - kAvyAlaMkArasArasaMgaha, umaTa, 1/15, pR. 280 2. vizvasya sAmAnyena smrthnmrthaantrnyaasH| sAparyepa vaidhayepa c| - kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa, pR. 38 3 daTavya - kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgmTa, pR. 39-45

Page #355
344 sakSma, ullekha, vizeSa, pratIpa, saMsRSTi aura bhAvikA' vakrokti kA ullekha A. bhAvadevatari ne zabdAlaMkAroM meM bhI kiyA hai aura arthAlaMkAroM meM bhii| inakA alaMkAra - vivecana atyaMta saMdhipta hai ata: usake viSSya meM kacha vizeSa kathanIya nahIM hai| astu jainAcAryoM ne apane alaMkAra - vivecana meM kitI eka AcArya ko Adarza na mAnakara, jisa AcArya ke kathana ko samyaka samajhA hai unheM svIkAra kiyA hai| sAtha hI alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya me inameM Apasa meM sAmya nahIM hai| tathApi samagata: jainAcAryoM dArA varpita alaMkAra svarUpa va bhedoM ke mala meM AcArya bhAmaTa, daNDI, rUpayaka, bhoja va mammTa Adi kA prabhAva spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| jaisA ki pahale spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki prAraMbha meM alaMkAroM kA vargIkaraNa zabdAlaMkAra va arthAlaMkAra taka hI sImita thaa| tatpazcAta ubhyAlaMkAra nAmaka tRtIya varga mAnA gayA tathA saMtuSTi va saMkara - ina do alaMkAroM ke mizrapa ko lekara caturtha mizrAlaMkAra kI bhI kalpanA kI gii| kAlAMtara meM arthAlaMkAroM ke vargIkarapa ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama A. rUTa ne eka navIna dRSTi se vicAra kiyA, jisameM alaMkAroM ke svarUpa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara usake mala meM vidyamAna sAmaya, virotha, zrRMkhalA Adi ko AdhAra - - 1. kAvyAlaMkArasAra - 6/1-5 - draSTavya, vahI, 5/1, 6/2

Page #356
mAnakara alaMkAroM ke vaijJAnika vargIkaraNa kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| unhoMne vAstava, aupamya, atizaya va zleSa, ina cAra mUlatattvoM ko alaMkAravibhAjana kA AdhAra banAyA thaa| " sahokti, samuccaya, jAti, yathAsaMkhya, bhAva, paryAya, viSama, anumAna, dIpaka, parikara, parivRtti, parisaMkhyA, hetu, kAraNamAlA, vyatireka, anyonya, uttara, sAra, sUkSya, leza, avasara, mIlita aura ekAvalI | 2 vAstavamalaka varga smaraNa | aupamyamUlaka varga upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, apahanuti, saMzaya, samAsokti, mata, uttara, anyokti, pratIpa, arthAntaranyAsa, ubhayanyAsa, bhAntimAna, AkSepa, pratyanIka, dRSTAnta, pUrva, sahokti, samuccaya, sAmya aura atizayamUlaka varga 3 - pUrva, vizeSa, utprekSA, vibhAvanA, atadguNa, adhika, 4 virodha, viSam, asaMgati, vihita, vyAghAta aura ahetu / ' 2. 1. arthasyAlaMkArA vAstavamaupamyamatizayaH zleSaH eSAmeva vizeSA anye tu bhavanti, niHzeSAH / / kAvyAlaMkAra - rUTa, 7/9 40 WID 345 vahI, 7/11-12 3. vahI, 8/2-3 vahI, 9/2

Page #357
346 leSAlaka varga - avizeSa, virodha, adhika, vaka, vyAja, ucita, asambhava, avayava, tatva aura virodhAbhAsA' A. syayaka ne arthAlaMkAroM ko pramukhataH 5 vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai -(1) sATnayamUlaka, (2) virodhamalaka, ( 3) akhalAmUlaka, (4) viziSTavAkyasannivezamalaka, (5) lokanyAyamUlaka aura (6) gaTAryapratItimalakA anAcArya narendraprabhasari ne arthAlaMkAroM ko cha: vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai -(1) atizayoktimalaka, ( 2) virodhamalaka, (3) zrRMkhalAmalaka, (4) lokanyAyamalaka aura (5) rsvdaadi| atizayoktimUlaka - atizayokti, sahokti, upamA, ananvaya, upameyopamA, smarapa, saMzaya, bhAntimAna, ullekha, rUpaka, apahanuti, paripAma, utpredhA, tulyayogitA, dIpaka, nirbhAnA, prativastupamA, dRSTAnta, arthAntaranyAsa, vyatireka, vinokti, parikara, samAtokti, aprastutaprazaMsA, paryAyokta, AkSepa, vyAjastuti va zleSA 1. vahI, 10/2 2. jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna, pR. 227 3 draSTavya, alaMkAramahodaya,

Page #358
347 128 virodhamalaka - virodha, asaMgati, vizeSokti, vigAvanA, viSama, sama, adhika, vicitra, paryAya, vikalpa, vyAghAta, anyonya va vizeSA 33 zrRMkhalAmalaka - kArapamAlA, tAra, ekAvalI, mAlAdIpaka, kAvyarliMga va anumaan| 14 viziSTavAkyasannizamalaka - yathAsaMkhyA, parivRtti, parisaMkhyA, arthApatti, samuccaya va smaadhi| 358 lokanyAyamUlaka - pratyanIka, pratIpa, mI lita, sAmAnya, tadgupa, uttara, sUkSma, vyAjokti, svabhApokti, bhAvika aura udaatt| rasavadAdi - rasavat, preyasa, urjanvI, samAhita, saMtRSTi va sNkr| A. narendrapramatari atizyokti varga meM Ae hue prAraMbhika 28 alaMkAroM ko koI nAma nahIM diyA hai para unheM atizayoktimUlaka mAnA hai|' apane samarthana meM unhoMne bhAmaha ke kAvyAlaMkAra te eka kArikA uddhRta kI hai| zeSa vargoM kA vibhAjana unhoMne nAmollekhapUrvaka vyiA hai| 1. tAmetA samipyatizayokti vadanti vidAMto bvte| alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 231 2. saiSA sarvA'pi vakroktiranayAsoM vibhaavyte| yatno'tyAM kavinA kAryaH ko'laMkAro'nayA binaa|| vahI, pR. 231

Page #359
348 A. narendraprabhari kA alaMkAra vargIkaraNa spRyaka te prabhAvita hai|' antara mAtra ye hai ki spayaka ne jina alaMkAroM ke mala meM sAdRzya ko svIkAra kiyA hai, vahIM narendrayasari ne unake mUla meM atizayokti ko mAnA hai| yaka ne rasavadAdi alaMkAroM ko avargIkRta rakkhA hai, kiMtu narendrapramasari ne unheM rasavadAdi kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| 2 zeSa vivecana meM prAyaH sAmya hai| 3 1. jainAcAryoM kA alaMkArazAstra meM yogadAna, pU. 232 2. vahI, pR. 232 3. vahI, pR. 232

Page #360
saptama adhyAya : nATya kA samAveza nATaka saMskRta sAhitya kA eka gauravapUrNa aMga hai| kAvya zravaNamArga te hRdaya ko AkRSTa karatA hai / parantu nATaka netramArga te hRdaya ko camatkRta karatA hai| kAvya meM rasAnubhUti hetu artha kA samjhanA nitAnta Avazyaka hotA hai para nATaka meM isakI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / isaliye nATaka kI samatA citra se kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra citra bhinna-bhinna raMgoM ke sammizraNa te sahRdaya darzakoM ke citra meM rasa kA srota bahAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra nATaka bhI vezabhUSA, nepathya, sAjasajjAdi ucita saMvidhAnoM se darzakoM ke hRdaya para eka amiTa prabhAva DAlatA hai tathA unake hRdaya meM Ananda kA udaya karAtA hai| isIliye AlaMkArika vAmana ne kAvyoM meM rUpaka ko vizeSa mahatva pradAna kiyA hai| nATya kI utpatti 349 vaidika kAla se hI nATyakalA ke udbhava kA jJAna hone lagatA hai| vizvasAhitya ke prAcInatama grantha Rgaveda meM, yatra-tatra nATyasaMbaMdhI pracura sAmugrI vikIrpa hai| uSA ke varpana parsaMga meM usakI upamA eka nartakI se kI gaI hai| purUravA-urvazI, yama-yamI, indra-indrANI - vRSAkapi, saramA-paNi Adi 1. kAvyAlaMkArasArasUtra 1 / 330-31

Page #361
350 agvedokta saMvAdoM meM nATyakalA kI yatheSTa sAmagrI vidyamAna hai| maiksamalara, lebI aura olDenabarga pramRti vidvAnoM ne vedoM meM prayukta isa prakAra ke saMvAdAtmaka sUktoM ko AdhAra mAnakara bhAratIya nATyakalA kI utpatti vaidika yuga se hI sdi kI hai| Rgveda ke bAda yajurveda meM nATyasaMbaMdhI vicAroM kA vistAra se varpana milatA hai| yajurveda kI vAjasaneya saMhitA ke eka prasaMga se avagata hotA hai ki yajJa ke avasaroM para nRtya-gItAdi ke lie sUta aura zailaSa logoM kI niyukti kI jAtI thI, jo ki nRtya evaM saMgIta dvArA nATyA bhinaya karate the| paravartI sAhitya, aSTAdhyAyI, rAmAyapa, arthazAstra, bauddhajAtaka aura mahAkAvyoM meM hame nATyakalA ke vibhinna aMgo, usake pAtroM va pAribhASika zabdoM kA pUrNa vivarapa prApta hotA hai| nirmAtA ke AcArya bharata jo nATya-zAstra ke rUpa meM smarapa kiye jAte haiM, unake anusAra - brahmA ne Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda tathA atharvaveda ke AdhAra para hI paMcama veda - nATyaveda - kI racanA kii|' isa paMcama veda meM cAra aMga pAye jAte haiM -- pAlya, gIta, abhinaya tathA rs| ina cAroM tatvoM ko bahmA ne kramazaH Rk, sAma, yajuSa tathA atharvaveda se gRhIta kiyaa|2 -- / . nATyavedaM tatvacake caturvedAi-gasammatam nATyazAstra, 1/16 2. jagAha pAThayamagvedAta sAmabhyo gItameva c| yajurvedAdabhinayAna rsmaayrvpaadpi|| nATyazAstra / /17

Page #362
351 isa prakAra nATya kI utpatti ke sambandha me yaha mata bhAratIya paraMparA hai| dasarA mata una sabhI dezI va videzI Adhunika vidvAnoM kA hai, jinhoMne lokanatyAdi meM usakA utsa khojA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAna mekDonala nAca se hI nATaka kI utpatti mAnate haiN|' isI prakAra pro0 pizela puttalikA-nRtya se bhAratIya nATakoM kI utpatti mAnate haiN| 2 jainAcAryo ne nATya kI utpatti ke sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA bharatamuni ke uttarakAla meM nATyazAstra ke AdhAra para mukhyataH tIna nATyazAstrIya ganthoM kI racanA huI - (1) dhanaMjaya dvArA racita dazarUpaka, (2) tAgaranandIkRta nATakalakSaNaratnakoza, (3) rAmacandraguNacandrakRta naattydrpp| nATyazAstra para svataMtra grantha - lekhana kI avicchinna paramparA calane para bhI bhAmaha - daNDI Adi AcAryoM dvArA prapIta alaMkArazAstroM meM nATyaviSayaka siddhAntoM kA samAveza dRSTigata nahI hotA hai, kintu saMbhavata: jainAcArya hemacandra ne sarvaprathama alaMkArazAstra ke sAtha nATya - tatvoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai aura Age calakara isI paramparA meM vidyAnAtha (14vIM zatAbdI kA prathama carapa) ke "pratAparUdrayazobhUSaNa', vizvanAtha (14vIM zatAbdI) ke "sAhityadarpapa" va kAmarAja dIkSita (I. san 1700 ke lagabhaga) ke "kAvyenduprakAza Adi ganya Ate haiN| I. e hisTrI Apha saMskRta liTrecara - e. mekDonala, pR. 346 2. saMskRta DrAmA - kItha, pR. 52

Page #363
352 jaisA ki pUrvollikhita hai ki cAra vedoM meM se saMvAda, gIta, abhinaya tathA rasa ke gahaNa dvArA nATya kI racanA huii| ataH ina viSayoM tathA inte| nikTa kA sambandha rakhane vAle anya viSaya nATya ke antargata Ate haiN| yahAM unhI kA vivecana abhISTa hai| jahA~ taka rasa kA prazna hai to usakA svataMtra rUpa se vivecana prastuta zodha prabandha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| pAtra-vidhAna - nATaka kI AtmA nATya - rasa hai| use prApa va gati pradAna karane vAle nATakIya pAtra, arthAta nAyaka-nAyikA di hI hote haiM, jinake dvArA nATya-rasa AsvAgha hotA hai| nATakIya pAtra ke zIla-svabhAva, AhAravyavahAra tathA avasthA evaM prakRti kI vibhinnatA va vividhatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI nATakIya kathA pallavita hotI hai| bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra, sarasvatIkaNThAbharapa va nATyadarpapAdi granthoM meM prakRti ke AdhAra para pAtroM kA varga kiyA gayA hai| prakRti kA artha hai prkRtijnyshjaatsvbhaav| jainAcArya hemacandra ne puruSoM va striyoM kI uttama, madhyama aura adhamaina tIna prakRtiyoM kI carcA karate hue kevala gupamayI prakRti ko uttama, svalpadoSa va bahugupavAlI prakRti ko madhyama tathA doSayukta prakRti ko adhama kahA hai| inameM se adhama prakRti meM parigapita kiye jAne vAle nAyaka, nAyikA

Page #364
353 ke anucara-viTa, beTI, vibhaka Adi ko batalAyA hai|' AcArya rAmacandragupacandra ke anusAra nATakIya pAtra strI ho yA puruSa, donoM kI uttama madhyama tathA adhama tIna prakAra kI prakRti hotI hai| tathA apane apane gupoM ke tAratamya se unameM se pratyeka ke phira tIna-tIna bheda ho sakate hai|2 uttama prakRti kA pAtra zarapAgatoM ke rakSapa meM sAdhu, anukala, tyAgI, lokavyavahAra tathA zAstroM meM nipupa, gaMbhIratA, dhIratA, parAkrama va nyAya vicAra se yukta hotA hai| jo na to adhika utkRSTa guNoM se sampanna hotA hai na hI adhika nikRSTa guNoM se sampanna hotA hai tathA loka-vyavahAra meM catura kalA, vidvattA Adi gupoM se yukta hotA hai, vaha madhyama prakRti kA pAtra hotA hai| adhama yA nIca prakRti kA pAtra atyanta pApa karane vAlA, cugalakhora, AlasI, kRtaghna, jhagar3Ala, parAkrama vihIna, strI - nirata va rUkSa bolane vAlA hotA hai| 1. tatra tAvaduttamamadhyamAdhamabhedana puMsAM strIpAM ca tisaH prakRtayo bhvnti| tatra kevlgupmpyuttmaa| svalpadoSA bahugapA mdhymaa| dossvtydhmaa| tatrAdhamaprakRtayo nAyakayoranucarA viTaceTI vidUSakAdayo bhvnti| kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 406 2. uttamA madhyamA nIcA prakRti striyo stridhaa| ekaikApi tridhA sva-svagupAnAM taartmytH|| hi. nATyadarpapa, 4/3 3. vahI, pR. 370 + vahI, pR. 370 5 vahI, pR. 370

Page #365
354 strI-pAtra bhI zIla svabhAva ke kAraNa uttamA, madhyamA va adhamA bheda te tIna prakAra kI hotI haiN|' nAyaka svarUpa : vibhinna AcAryoM ne vividha prakAra se nAyaka kA svarUpa nirUpita kiyA hai| dazarUpakakAra dhanaMjaya ke anusAra vinIta Adi gupoM se yukta netA (nAyaka) hotA hai| jainAcArya vAgbhaTa-prathama ne nAyaka ko rUpavAna, dhanavAna, kulIna, andrata, satya aura priyabhASI tathA sadguNoM se yukta va yauvanasampanna batAte haiN| hemacandrAcArya ne uttama va madhyama prakRti vAle nAyaka kA svarUpa "samagragupaH kathAvyApI nAyaka: prastuta kiyA hai jisakA tAtparya yaha hai ki dazarUpakakAra dvArA kathita vinItAdi guNoM va zobhAdi 8 sAtvika guNoM se yukta aura sampUrNa kathA prabandha meM vyApta rahane vAlA nAyaka kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra A. hemacandra dhanaMjayakRta svarUpa ke atirikta nAyaka ko samaga kathAvyApI bhI mAnate haiN| 1. hi. nATyadarpapa, pR. 371 2. netA vinIto madhuratyAgI kSaH priyNvdH| raktaloka : zacivAgmI sTavaMzaH sthiro yuvaa|| budyutsaahtmRtipjnyaaklaamaansmnvitH| bhUroi dRDhapaca tejasvI zAstracakSuca dhaarmikH|| kSArUpaka 2/1-2 3 kAvyAnu, /1

Page #366
355 AcArya rAmacandragupacandrakRta nAyaka-svarUpa kucha viziSTa hai| unake anasAra nAyaka pradhAna pala ko prApta karane vAlA, strI Adi ke prati Asakti athavA prANa - hAni Adi rUpa vipatti se rahita hotA hai|' AcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ke anusAra budi, utsAha, smRti, prajJA, zAradIratA, gambhIratA, dhairya, sthiratA, mAdhurya, kalA, kuzalatA, vinayazIlatA, kulInatA, nIrogitA, zucitA, abhimA nitA, nAyikA - sammatatA, miSTabhA bhitva, lokAnuraMjakatA, vAgmitA, uccakulotpannatA, tejasvitA, datA, tatvazAstrajJatA, agAmyatA, zrRMgAritA aura sugamatA Adi nAyaka ke gupa haiN| nAyaka ke sAtvika gupa : nAyaka ke antargata ATha prakAra ke tAtvika goM kI sthiti honA Avazyaka hai| jainAcArya hemacandra ke anusAra zobhA, vilAsa, lalita, mAdhurya, sthairya, gAmbhIrya, audArya aura teja - ye ATha sAtvika guNa haiN| ye satva gupoM se yukta hone ke kArapa sAtvika gupa kahalAte haiN| A. hemacandra ke anusAra inakA svarUpa nimna prakAra hai - 3 / 4 zobhA : "dAkSyazauryotsAhanIjuguptottamaspardhAgamikA zobhA" arthAta 1. pradhAnaphlasampanno vyasanI mukhyanAyaka : hindI nATyadarpapa 4/7 2. kAvyAnuzAsana, vAgbhaTa, pR. 62 3. zobhA vilAsalalitamAdhuryasthairyagAmbhIyaudAryatajA spaSTau stvjaastdgpaaH|| ... kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/2 th kAvyAnuzAsana, 7/2

Page #367
356 dakSatA, zaurya, utsAha, nIca - jugupsA aura uttama spardhA kA jJAna karAne vAlA sAttvika gupa zobhA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki zarIra vikAra te jo dakSatA Adi prApta hotI hai vaha zobhA hai| 828 vilAsa : "dhIre gatidRSTisasmita vaco vilaasH|| arthAta dhIragati, dhIradRSTi aura muskarAte hue bolanA vilAsa gupa hai| 38 lalita : "mRddhaH zRi.gAraceSTA lalitam" arthAta komala zRGgArika ceSTAyeM lalita gupa hai| 148 mAdhurya : "kSome'pyanulvapatvaM mAdhuryam' arthAt yuddha niyuddha vyAyAmAdi me krodha aAne para yA krodha kA mahAna kArapa upasthita hone para bhI madhura AkRti honA mAdhurya gupa hai| 356 sthairya : vighne'pyacalanaM sthairyam / / arthAta vighna upasthita hone para bhI vicalita na honA sthairya gupa hai| 168 gAmbhIrya : "hAdivikArAnupalambhakRta gAMbhIryama' / / arthAta harSAdi vikAroM kA jJAna na honA gAmbhIrya gupa hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jisake prabhAva se bAharI harSa krodhAdi ke vikAra kA dRSTi-vikAsa, muvarAgAdi para koI asara nahIM par3atA hai vaha deha kA svabhAva hI gAmbhIrya gupa kahalAtA hai| 178 audArya : "svapareSa dAnAbhyupapattisaMbhASapAnyaudAryam / / arthAta apane aura dUsare meM bhedabhAva na kara dAna, anugaha aura, priyabhASapa Adi karanA audArya gupa hai|

Page #368
357 teja : "parAdhipakSepAcasahanaM teja :" / / arthAta dUsare ke dvArA zatru dvArA kie gae apamAna Adi kA sahana na karanA teja gapa hai| ___ A. rAmacandragupacandra ne bhI uparyukta ATha sAtvika gupoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| uparyukta ATha sAtvika guNoM kA hI vivecana bharatamuni 2 tathA dhanaMjaya' ne bhI kiyA hai| isa prakAra jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita sAtvika gupoM kA vivecana bhI paraMparAgata hI hai| dArUpakakAra ne nAyaka ke bhedoM kI carcA ke bAda sAtvika gapoM para vicAra kiyA hai aura AcArya hemacandra ne gupoM evaM sAtvika gupoM kI carcA karane ke bAda nAyaka ke bhedoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| nAyaka ke bheda : jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne nAyaka ke cAra bheda mAne haiM - anukUla, dakSipa, zaTha va kRsstt| unake anusAra jisakA prema nIlavarSa ke samAna gAda ho tathA jo anya strI me rata na ho va anukala nAyaka kahalAtA hai| aura anya 1. tejo vilAso mArya zobhA sthairya gNbhiirtaa| ____audArya lalitaM cASTau guNA netari stvnaaH|| hi. nATyadarpapa 4/8 2. nATyazAstra, 24/31-39 3 dazarUpaka 2/10

Page #369
strI me anurakta to ho, kintu apanI strI para bhI sneha rakhatA ho vaha dakSiNa nAyaka kahalAtA hai| jo bahirbhUta krodhAdi vikAroM se rahita ho tathA apanI patnI kA apriya karatA huA bhI priya bolatA ho, vaha nAyaka zaTha kahalAtA hai| aura jisakA aparAdha prakaTa ho cukA ho tathA apamAnita hone para bhI jo lajjita na ho, vaha dhRSTa nAyaka kahalAtA hai| / AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra pramukhatayA nAyaka cAra prakAra ke hote haiM-dhIrodAtta, dhIralalita, dhIraprazAnta aura dhIroddhata | 2 818 dhIrodAtta : vinayayukta (gUDhagarva), sthira, dhIra, kSamAvAn, AtmaprazaMsArahita, zaktizAlI aura dRdapratijJa dhIrodAtta nAyaka kahalAtA hai| 3 jaiserAma aadi| {2} 358 dhIralalita : lalita kalAoM meM asakta, sukhI, zrRMgArika ceSTAoM vAlA, komala hRdaya vAlA aura nizcinta rahane vAlA dhIralalita nAyaka kahalAtA hai| 4 jaise vatsarAja aadi| - 838 kahalAtA hai| 5 jaise mAdhava aura cArUdatta / dhIrazAnta : vinaya aura zAnta svabhAva vAlA dhIrazAnta nAyaka 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/8-10 2. dhIrodAttala litazAntodutabhedAt sa caturdhA / 4. kAvyAnuzAsana, 7/11 3. gUDhagarva: sthiro dhIraH kSamAvAnavikatthanoM mahAsatvo dRDhavrato dhIrodAttaH vahI. 7/12 kalAsakta : sukhI igArI mudurnizcinto dhIralAlata : vahIM. 7/13 5 vinayopazamavAna zrIrakhAnAH

Page #370
848 dhIroddhRta: zUravIra, IrSyAlu, mAyAvI arthAt mantrAdi ke bala te avidyamAna vastu kA prakAzana karane vAlA, chalakapaTa karane vAlA, raudra aura zauryAdi mada te yukta dhIroddhata nAyaka kahalAtA hai| jaise - parazurAma, rAvaNAdi / ina cAra prakAra ke nAyakoM kI puSTi hetu AcArya hemacandra ne bharatamuni kI nimna do kArikAyeM prastuta kI haiM - "devA dhIroddhatA jJeyAH syurdhIralalitA nRpAH / senApatiramAtyazca dhIrodAttau prakIrtitau / / dhIraprazAntA vijJeyA brAhmaNA vaNijastathA / iti catvAra eveha nAyakAH samudAhatA: / / 2 359 isake bAda uparyukta cAroM prakAra ke nAyaka kI zrRMgArika avasthAoM ke AdhAra para dakSiNa, dhRSTa, anukUla aura Tha ye cAra cAra bheda batalAye gaye haiM - - 828 ho gayA ho vaha dhRSTa nAyaka kahalAtA hai| 818 dakSiNa : "jyeSThAyAmapi sahadayo dakSiNaH" arthAta kaniSThA nAyikA maiM anurakta rahate huye jyeSThaNa ke prati bhI sahdayI dakSiNa nAyaka kahalAtA hai| dhRSTa : "vyaktAparAdho dhRSTaH " arthAt jisakA aparAdha spaSTa -- 838 anukUla : " ekabhAryo'nukUla:" arthAt eka nAyikA meM anurakta anukUla nAyaka hotA hai| 1. "zUro matsarI mAyI vikatthanAchadmavAna raudro'valipto dhIrodataH / kAvyAnu, 7/15 2. vahI, vRtti, pR. 411

Page #371
___ 360 360 1. zaTha : "gadAparAdhaH ThaH arthAta gUDha (bhArI) aparAdha karane vAlA nAyaka zaTha hai| ___ uparyukta nAyaka medoM ke lakSaNa dazarUpakakAra se lagabhaga milate-julate haiN|' A. hemacandra ne nAyaka ke bhedoM kA nirUpapa jo diyA hai vaha paramparAgata hI hai| ve sarvaprathama nAyaka ko cAra prakAra kA batalAkara pratyeka ke cAra-cAra medoM ko yathAvata svIkAra karate hai| isa prakAra unheM nAyaka ke 16 meda mAnya hai|2 dazarUpakakAra ne ina 16 medoM ke jyeSTha, madhyama aura adhama bheda se 48 meda batalAye haiN|' isa dRSTi se bhI A. hemacandra se samAnatA hai kyoMki ve bhI purUSa aura striyoM kI uttama, madhyama aura adhama - ye tIna prakRtiyAM mAnate hI haiN| yadi ina tInoM prakRtiyoM ke pRthaka - pRthaka 16-16 meda mAna liye jAyeM to 48 meda ho hI jAeMge aura dono AcAryoM meM koI antara nahIM raha jaaegaa| lekina dazarUpakakAra kI bhAMti kAvyAnuzAsanakAra ne aisA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| AcArya rAmacandragupacandra ke anusAra bhI nAyakoM ke dhIra vizeSaNa te yukta udta, udAtta, lalita aura prazAMta arthAta, dhIrodata, dhIrodAttaH * tulanIya - dazarUpaka 2/3-7 2. "ta iti nAyakaH / dhIrazabdaH prtyekmbhisNbdhyte| tena dhIrodAtto dhIralalito dhIrazAnto dhIrodta iti| dakSipadhRSTAnukalapAThabhedAdakaikapa cturdhaa| ete zrRMgArarasAzrayipo bhedaaH| iti SoDAbhedA naaykny| kAvyAnu. va. pu. 410 - dazarUpaka, 2/7, vRtti , pR. 92

Page #372
361 dhIralalita va dhIraprazAMta cAra prakAra ke svabhAva hote haiN| ye svabhAva kevala madhyama tathA uttama do rUpoM meM hI darpana karane caahie|| nATyadarpapakAra ke anusAra pUrvokta cAra nAyakoM meM te devatA dhIrodata svabhAva senApati tathA mantrI dhIrodAtta svabhAva vapik tathA brAhamapa dhIraprazAnta svabhAva tathA kSatriya cAroM prakAra ke svabhAva vAle ho sakate haiN|2 Age ve likhate haiM ki jo vipra parazurAma ke atikUratva ko sUcita karane ke liye dhIrodatatva kA varpana kiyA gayA hai vaha "kahIM kAryavaza arthAt vizeSa prayojana se bhASA - prakRti aura veSAdi viSayaka niyamoM kA ullaMghana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai isa apavAda ke vidyamAna hone se anucita nahIM hai| devatAoM kA yaha dhIrodta svabhAva kA niyama manuSyoM kI dRSTi se hai, apanI dRSTi se nhiiN| kyoMki devatAoM meM bhI ziva Adi dhIrodAtta tathA brahamA Adi dhIrazAnta nAyaka bhI dRSTigata hote haiN| kArikA meM ukta "rAjAnaH' pada se rAjA kA hI gRhapa na karake kSatriyajAti mAtra kA grahaNa karanA caahie| aura rAjAnaH" pada meM bahuvacana ke prayoga se vyakti-bheda se nATaka ke netA cAroM prakAra ke svabhAva vAle ho sakate haiM, eka vyakti meM cAroM prakAra ke svabhAva nahIM ho sakate yaha bAta sUcita kI hai| kyoMki eka vyakti meM hI cAroM prakAra ke svabhAva kA varpana 1. udutodAtta - lalita - zAntA dhiirvishessnnaaH| vAH svabhAvAzcatvAro netRNAM mdhymottmaaH|| hi nATyadarpapa 1/6 .... 2. devA dhIroTutA, jIrodAttA, sainyeza - mntripH| dhIrazAntA vaSim - vidyA rAjAnastu cturvidhaaH|| . vahI. in

Page #373
362 kara sakanA asambhava hai| aura yaha niyama arthAt cAroM prakAra ke svabhAva kA eka vyakti meM vapana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kevala pradhAna nAyaka ke viSaya meM hI hai| gaupa nAyakoM meM to pUrva - svabhAva ko chor3akara anya svabhAva kA varpana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo nATaka ke nAyaka ko kevala dhIrodAtta hI mAnate haiM ve bharatamuni ke sidAnta ko nahIM samajhate haiN| aura nATakoM meM dhIralalita Adi nAyako' ke bhI pAe jAne se kaviyoM ke vyavahAra se aparicita pratIta hote haiN|' arthAta bharatamuni ke siddhAnta tathA kaviyoM ke vyavahAra dono ke anusAra nATakoM meM cAroM prakAra ke nAyakoM kA citrapa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kevala dhIrodAtta hI nAyaka ho aisA baMdhana nahIM hai| isake pazcAt dhIrodta Adi kA artha batalAte A. rAmacandragupacandra likhate haiM ki dhIroddhata nAyaka asthira - citta, bhayaMkara, abhimAnI, chalI, Atma - palAdhI, dhIrodAtta nAyaka atyanta gambhIra, nyAyapiya, zoka - krodha Adi ke vazIbhUta na hone vAlA, amAzIla aura sthira, dhIralalita nAyaka zrRMgAra priya, gIta, vAdhAdi kalAoM kA premI, rAjyabhAra ko maMtrI ko sauMpakara nizciMta ho jAne vAlA sukhI va komala svabhAva kA tathA dhIraprazAnta nAyaka sarvathA ahaMkArarahita, dayAla, vinayazIla va nIti kA avalambana karane vAlA hotA hai| A. rAmacandragupacandra ke anusAra ye dharma 1. hi. nATyadarpaNa, vRtti, pR. 27 2. dhIrodA cala5 caNDI dI dambhI viktthnH| dhIrodAtto'tigambhIro nyAyI satvI kSamI sthirH|| zrRMgArI dhIralalitaH kalAsakta: sukhI mudH| dhIrazAnto'nahaMkAraH kRpAniyI nayI / / hi nATyadarpapa 1/8-9

Page #374
363 kevala upalakSapamAtra haiN| isaliye aucitya ke anusAra dhIroduta jAdi nAyako meM anya dharma bhI samajha lene caahie|' madhyama tathA uttama ke nAyakatva kA kathana karane ke sAtha - sAtha A. rAmacandragupacandra yaha bhI spaSTarUpepa likhate haiM ki itivRtta ke anurUpa 'bhApa" aura pahasana" meM tathA kisI vIthI meM hAsyarasa pUrpa kathAnaka hone se vahA~ adhama prakRti kA bhI nAyaka hotA hai| paite - vidUSaka, klIba, zakAra, viTa, 'kiMkara aadi| ye saba nIca prakRti ke pAtra hote haiN| A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne nAyaka ke dhIrodAtta Adi cAra bheda kiye haiN| punaH dhIralalita ke anukUla Adi cAra bheda kie haiN| inake lakSapa A. hemacaMdra sammata hI haiN| kiMtu jahA~ pUrvAcAryoM ne dhIrodAttAdi cAra nAyakoM ke anukUla Adi cAra-cAra upabheda kie haiM, vahIM vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne kevala dhIralalita ke hI anukala Adi cAra bheda mAne haiN| isa prakAra nAyaka-medoM ke mala meM A. bharata tathA dazarUpakakAra ke vibhAjana ko paravartI AcAryoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| 1. upalakSapamAtra caitata, tenoddhatAdInAM yayaucityamapare'pi dharmA dRSTavyA iti| __vahI, pR. 28 2. nIcoDapIzaH kthaavshaat| hi. nATyadarpapa 4/7 pUrvAI . vahI, 4/14 + kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbheTa, pR. 61

Page #375
364 anya nAyaka : dazarUpakakAra ne mukhya nAyaka ke atirikta patAkA nAyaka (jise "pIThamarda' kahate haiM), gopa nAyaka (patAkA va prakarI nAyaka) va pratinAyaka meda svIkAra kiye haiN| jainAcArya rAmacandragupacandra ne bhI inhIM kA anusarapa kiyA hai| unake anusAra mukhya nAyaka kI apekSA kucha kama kathAbhAga vAlA amukhya nAyaka kahalAtA hai|' pradhAna phala kI apekSA avAntara amukhya phala kA pAtra hone se ite 'amukhya kahA gayA hai| tathA bahuta bar3e kathAbhAga meM vyApaka hone se tathA nAyaka ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM hone se usakA nAyakatva hotA hai|2 jainAcArya vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne nAyaka ke gupoM se yukta tathA nAyaka ke anucara ko pIThamada kahA hai| pratinAyaka : kAvya meM nAyaka ke pazcAta sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI pAtra pratinAyaka hotA hai nAyaka kI bhAMti yaha bhI sampUrNa kathAvastu meM AdyopAnta dRSTigocara hotA hai| nAyaka kA pratidvandI hone se yaha usakI abhISTa siddhi meM pade-pade bAdhaka banatA hai aura nAyaka ko sakriya banAye rahatA hai| vyAvastu ko Age bar3hAne meM usakI bhUmikA aparihArya hai| dhanaMjaya ke lakSapa ke samAna A. hemacandra ne bhI pratinAyaka kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai - "vyasanI pApakRllubdhaH stabdho dhIrodtaH pratinAyaka: " arthAta vyasanI, pApI, 1. amukhyo nAyaka : kiNcnvRttoddgthnaaykaat| hi. nATyadarpapa, 4/13 pUrvArda 2. vahI, vivRtti, pR. 375 3. kAvyAnu. vAgbhaTa, pR. 62 + tula0- "lubdho dhIrodtaH stabdhaH pApakRdavyasanI ripuH| dArUpaka 2/9

Page #376
lobhI, stabdha gatihIna athavA kaThorahdayI aura dhIroddhata pratinAyaka kahalAtA hai| jaise rAma kA pratinAyaka rAvaNa aura yudhiSThira kA pratinAyaka duryodhana hai| anya sahAyakapAtra : ukta ke atirikta pradhAna nAyaka ke sahAyaka anya puruSa pAtra bhI hote haiN| inameM se jainAcAryoM ne vidUSaka, zaMkAra, viTa va narmasaciva kA ullekha kiyA hai 1 vidUSaka : nATakAdi meM pradhAna nAyaka ke manoraMjana hetu vividha prasaMgo meM apane vezabhUSA, hAva-bhAva athavA bhASA vaicitrya ke dvArA jo hAsya upasthita karatA hai vaha vidUSaka kahalAtA hai| A. dhanaMjaya ke anusAra nATakAdi maiM hAsya ko utpanna karane vAlA vidUSaka hai|' A. rAmacandraguNacandra kA kathana hai ki vidUSaka rAjA ke hAsya ke lie hotA hai| isakA hAsya aMga, vezabhUSA va vacanoM ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| 2 A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ke anusAra manoraMjana karane vAlA vidUSaka kahalAtA hai| 3 isaprakAra jainAcAryoM ke vidUSaka svarUpa para dhanaMjaya kA prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai| zakAra : A. rAmacandragupacandra ke anusAra vikRta hAsya ke nimitta rAjA kA nIcajAtIya sAlA "zakAra" kahalAtA hai| " 1. dazarUpaka, 2/9 2. 365 hi. nATyadarpaNa, 4/14 vivRti 3. kAvyAnu vAgbhaTa, pR. 62 4. hi. nATyadarpaNa, 4/14 vivRti

Page #377
366 viTa : dazarUpakakAra ne viTa ko eka vidyA meM nipupa mAnA hai|' unhIM kA anusarapa karate hue A. rAmacandragupacandra ne rAjA ke upayogI nRtya gItAdi kisI eka ke jJAtA ko viTa kahA hai|2 A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne bhI eka vidhA meM nipupa ko viTa kahA hai| namasaciva : kupita strI ko prasanna karane vAlA narmasaciva kahalAtA hai|* nAyikA svarUpa : kAvya meM jo sthAna nAyaka kA hotA hai vahI sthAna nAyikA kA bhI hotA hai| nAyaka kI bhAMti nAyikA bhI sampUrNa kathAvastu meM vyApta rahatI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki kAvya meM nAyaka - nAyikA kA samAna mahatva hai| dazarUpakakAra dhanaMjaya ne nAyakagata guNoM se yukta strI ko nAyikA kahA hai|' unhIM kA anukaraNa karate hue A. hemacandra ne likhA hai ki nAyakagata vinayAdi guNoM se yukta nAyikA kahalAtI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jina gupoM se yukta nAyaka hotA hai, unhIM se yukta nAyikA bhI hotI hai| 1. dArUpaka, 2/9 2. hi. nATyadarpapa, 4/14 vivRtti 3 kAvyAnu. vAgbhaTa, pR. 62 4. tatra kupita strIprasAdako nrmscivH| ____ kAvyAnu, vAgbhaTa, pR. 62 5. dazarUpaka, 2/15 6. kAvyAnu. 7/21

Page #378
nAyikA bheda : jainAcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ne nAyikA ke cAra bheda mAne haiManUDhA (avivAhitA), svakIyA, parakIyA va sAmAnyA / unhoMne inake lakSaNaM isa prakAra diye haiM anUDhA svakIyA parakIyA 1. - 2. 3. 4. vezyA (sAmAnyA ) - Thagane meM catura va sarvasAdhAraNa kI strI vezyA kahalAtI hai, usakA dhana dene vAle ke atirikta anya koI priya nahIM hotA hai| 4 367 nAyaka meM anurakta jo nAyikA nAyaka ke dvArA svayaM svIkAra rAjA duSyanta kI jAtI hai, vaha anUDhA kahalAtI hai| yathA kI zakuntalA anUDhA nAyikA hai| / kSamAvAn, atigambhIra prakRtivAlI, ghora caritravAna tathA devatA evaM gurUjanoM kI sAkSIpUrvaka grahaNa kI gaI svakIyA nAyikA hai| 2 parakIyA bhI anUDhA kI taraha hotI hai, kintu una donoM meM tAttvika bheda hai| parakIyA kAma ke vazIbhUta hokara svayaM priya te apanA abhiprAya prakaTa karatI hai va anUDhA sakhiyoM ke mAdhyama se| 3 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, 5/12 vahI, vahI, 5/14 vahIM, 5/15 5/13

Page #379
368 A. hemacandra ne dazarUpakakAra kI bhAMti nAyikA ke bheda-pramedoM kA nirUpapa karate hue sarvaprathama nAyikA ke tIna bheda batAye haiM - svakIyA, parakIyA aura saamaanyaa|' svakIyA nAyikA : dazarUpakakAra ke anusAra zIla, Arjava Adi se yukta svIyA nAyikA kahalAtI hai|2 A. hemacandra ne isake sAtha svayamaDhA' vizeSaNa bhI jor3A hai tathA Adipada se Arjava, lajjA, gRhAcAra nipupatA Adi kA gahaNa kiyA hai| donoM hI AcAryoM ne svakIyA nAyikA ke tIna bheda - mugdhA, madhyA aura praudA batalAye haiN| A. hemacandra ne avasthA aura kauzala ke AdhAra para ye bheda mAne haiN| unhoMne liyA hai - 'kyaH kauzalAbhyAM mugdhA madhyA praudeti sA tredhA" arthAt avasthA aura kAmakalA meM nipupatA ke AdhAra para svakIyA nAyikA tIna prakAra kI hotI hai- mugdhA, madhyA aura prauttaa| punaH madhyA aura prauTA ke tIna-tIna prakAra batalAye haiMdhIrA, dhIrAdhIrA aura adhiiraa|' ina chahoM ke jyeSThA aura kaniSThA bheda se bAraha meda ho jAte haiN|' prathama paripItA ko jyeSThA 1. sA ca svakIyA, parakIyA, sAmAnyA ceti tridhaa| ___ kAvyAnu kR. pR. 413 2. mugdhAmadhyApragalbheti svIyA shiilaarjvaadiyuk| dazarUpaka 2/15 3. svayamadA zIlAdimlI svaa| ___ kAvyAna. 7/22 + vahI, vRtti , pR. 413 5. dhIrAdhIrAdhIrA'dharAbhedAdantye tredhaa| vahI 7/24 6 SoDhApi jyeSThAkaniSThAbhedAda dvaadshdhaa| vahI, 7/25

Page #380
369 aura pazcAt paripItA ko kaniSThA kahA gayA hai|' madhyAdhIrA upaDAsapUrNa kuTilavApI te, madhyAdhI rAdhIrA tAne mAra kara rotI huI aura madhyA adhIrA kaThoravApI ke dvArA apanA ko abhivyakta karatI hai| isIprakAra praudAdhIrA nAyikA upacAra aura avahitthA ke dvArA praudAdhIrAdhIrA anukUlatA aura udAsInatA ke dvArA tathA praudA adhIrA saMtarjana arthAta mArapITa kara evaM AghAta ke dvArA apanA krodha vyakta karatI hai| yaha vivecana prAyaH dhanaMjaya kI bhAMti hai| parakIyA nAyikAH parakIyA nAyikA do prakAra kI hotI hai- kisI dUsare kI paripItA strI aura kanyA (avivAhitA)' avarUddha ko bhI parastrI hI kahA jAtA hai| parakIyA nAyikA aMgI rasa meM upakA ripI nahIM hotI hai isaliye A. hemacandra ne isa para koI vicAra nahIM kiyA hai| sAmAnyA nAyikAH tIsarI zrepI kI nAyikA sAdhArapastrI hai| yaha gapikA hotI hai, jo kalAcatura, pragalbhA tathA dharta hotI hai| A. hemacandra ne bhI gapikA ko hI sAmAnyA kahakara pratipAdita kiyA hai|' 1. "tatra prathamamaDhA jyeSThA pazcAdA knisstthaa| kAvyAnu. vRtti. pR. 415 2. sotapakAsa kodhatyA savASpayA vAkpAruSyepa ko dhinyo madhyA dhiiraadhaaH| vahI, 7/26 3 upacArAvahitthAbhyAmAnukalyodAsinyAbhyAM saMtarjanAdhAtAbhyAM prauTA dhIrAdhAH vahI, 1/27 + paroDhA parastrI kanyA c| vahI, 7/28 5. avarUdvApi prstriityucyte| bahI, . pR. 417 6. sAdhArapastrI gApikA klaapraaglbhydhauryyuk| vahI, 2/21 7. gaNikA mAmAnyA cyAnu, 7/29

Page #381
370 A. rAmacandraguNacandra ke anusAra kulajA, divyA, kSatriyA va vezyA cAra prakAra kI nAyikA hotI haiN| unameM se antima arthAta vezyA nAyikA lalitodAtta hI hotI hai aura prathama arthAta kulajA nAyikA udAtta hotI hai| ghoSa donoM divyA aura kSatriyA dhIrA, lalitA va udAttA tIna prakAra kI hotI hai|' dhIraprazAnta nAyaka ke samAna dhIrazAnta nAyikA darpanIya nahIM hotI hai| ina nAyikAmoM ke vizeSa bheda ko batAte hue nATyadarpapakAra likhate haiM ki - prahasana se bhinna rUpakoM meM gapikA nAyikA anurAgipI hI nibaddha karanI caahie| jaise mRcchakaTika meM cArUdatta kI vasantasenA anurAgiNI nAyikA hai| prahaptana meM anurAga rahita gapikA nAyikA bhI ho sakatI hai| rAjA aura divya nAyakoM ke sAtha gaNikA nAyikA kA varNana nahIM karanA caahie| kahIM - kahIM yaha gapikA nAyikA yadi divya ho to usakA rAjA ke sAtha sambandha varpana ho sakatA hai| jaise - urvazI purUravA kI nAyikA hai| ina kulajAdi nAyikAoM meM se pratyeka ke bhugdhA, madhyA va pragalbhA tIna-tIna bheda hote haiN| kula milAkara bAraha bheda ho jAte haiN| 1. nAyikA kalajA divyA dhatriyA pnnykaaminii| antimA lalitodAttA pUrvodAttA tridhA pre|| hi nATyadarpaya 4/19. 2. rAgiNyevAprahasane nRpe divye ca na prbhau| gapikA kvApi divyAtu bhavedeSA mhiibhujH|| hi, nATyadarpapa 4/20 3. mugdhA madhyA pragalbheti trividhAH syurimAH punaH / vahI, 4/21 pUrvArddha

Page #382
inameM yauvana tathA kAma ke uThAva para sthita svalpa mAna vAlI susta vyApAra meM pratikUla nAyikA mugdhA kahalAtI hai| ' madhyama Ayu, madhyama kAma aura madhyama mAna vAlI suratakAla meM mUrcchA paryanta pahu~ca jAne vAlI madhyA nAyikA hotI hai|' yaha dhIrA, adhIrA va dhIrAdhIrA bheda se tIna prakAra kIhotI hai| 3 unameM se priya ke anyastrI sambandharUpa aparAdhayukta hone para vyaMgyapUrNa tAne dene vAlI dhIrA, rote kaThora vacana kahane vAlI adhIrA va rote hue vyaMgya tathA kaThora tAne sunAne vAlI dhIrAdhIrA hotI hai| 4 pUrNarUpa se dIpta Ayu, mAna tathA kAma vAlI tathA priya ke sparzamAtra se AnaMdAtireka te mUrchita ho jAne vAlI pragalbhA nAyikA kahalAtI hai| yaha bhI madhyA ke samAna dhIrA, adhIrA va dhIrAdhIrA bheda se tIna prakAra kI hotI hai| inameM se dhIrA priya ke aparAdhI hone para apane AkAra ko chipAte hue priya ke prati Adara pradarzita karatI hai para 1. 2. mugdhA vAmA rate svalpamAnA rohdvayaH smraa|| vahI, 4/21 3. madhyA madhyavayaH kAma-mAnA marcchAntimohanA / vahI, 4/22 pUrvAI eSA ca dhIrA adhIrA dhIrAdhIrA ceti tridhA / vahI, vRtti, pR. 380 4. pR. 380 5. pragalbhedavayomanyu - kAmA sparze'pyacetanA / / vahI, 4/22 371 - vahI,

Page #383
372 sarata vyApAra meM udAsIna ho jAtI hai| adhIrA priya ko DaoNTa phaTakAra karatI hai va tADana taka karatI hai| dhIrAdhIrA vyaMgyapUrNa tAne sunAtI hai|' isa prakAra nATyadarpapakAra ne nATyopayogI dRSTi se nAyikA kA vibhAjana karate hue bharata nATyazAstra kI paramparA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| A. vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne hemacandrAcArya ke samAna nAyikA kI svakIyA, parakIyA va sAmAnyA tIna bheda kie haiN| punaH unhoMne kevala svakIyA ke hI mugdhA, madhyA va prauTA tIna bheda kie haiN| tatpazcAt parakIyA ke do bheda kie haiM - parastrI va knyaa| uparyukta bhedoM ke atirikta zrRMgArika avasthA ko bhI AdhAra mAnakara prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne nAyikA - bheda prastuta kie haiN| A. hemacandra ne maratamuni aura dhanaMjaya kI bhAMti avasthA bheda se svakIyA nAyikA kI 8 avasthAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai - - - - - - - 1. vahI, pR. 381 2. nAyikA tridhA - svakIyA parakIyA sAmAnyA c| kAvyAnu. vAgbhaTa pR. 62 OM mugdhA-madhyA prauDhAmedena tridhA svakIyA / vahI, pR. 62 + parakIyA parastrI kanyA ca / vahI, pR. 62 5. nATyazAstra 24/203-204 dazarUpaka, 2/24-27

Page #384
373 svAdhInapatikA, proSitabhartRkA, paNDitA, kalahAntaritA, vAsakatajjA, virahotkaNThitA, vipralabdhA aura abhitaarikaa|' 018 svAdhInapatikA : "ratigupAkRSTatvena pArvasthitatvAta svAdhIna AyastaH patiryasyAH sA tathA" arthAta rati gupa meM AkRSTa hone se jisakA pati samIpa aura adhIna rahatA hai aisI nAyikA svAdhInapatikA kahalAtI 82 poSitabhartRkA : "kAryata poSito dezAntaraM gato mA yatyAH sA tayA" arthAt jisakA prati kisI kArya vizeSa se dezAntara meM calA gayA ho, vaha proSita bhartakA kahalAtI hai| 3 vaNDitA : vanitAntaravyA sagAdanAgate priye duHsaMtaptA paNDitA arthAta dUsarI strI ke sAtha ramapa karane se anAgata priya meM santapta khaNDitA nAyikA kahalAtI hai| 348 kalahAntaritA : Ikilahena niSkAntabhartakatvAttarasaMgamasukhenAntaritA kalahAntaritA" arthAta IrSyA aura kalaha ke dvArA pati ko nikAla dene vAlI punaH usake samAgama se sukhI hone vAlI kalahAntaritA nAyikA kahalAtI hai| 1. kAvyAnu. 7/30

Page #385
374 858 vAsakasajjA : " iti nayena vAsake ratisaMbhogalAlasatayAGgarAgadinA sajjA praguNA vAsakasajjA" arthAt priya Agamana ko sunakara rati-saMbhoga kI lAlasA se apane ko aMgarAgAdi ke dvArA sajAne vAlI vAsakasajjA kahalAtI hai| 868 virotkaNThitA: priyaMmanyA cirayati bhartari virahotkaNThitA arthAta priya ke aparAdha na karane para bhI mAtra vilamba ke kAraNa becaina rahatI hai athavA cirakAla taka pati ko anya meM priya mAnakara viraha se utkaNThita rahane vAlI virahotkaNThitA kahalAtI hai| $78 vipralabdhA : "dUtImukhena svayaM vA saMketaM kRtvA kenApi kArapena vaMcitA vipralabdhA arthAt dUtI mukha se athavA svayaM saMketa karake kisI kAraNavaza nAyaka ke milana se vaMcita rahane vAlI vipralabdhA kahalAtI hai| 888 abhisArikA : "abhisaratyabhisArayati vA kAmArtA kAntamityabhisArikA" arthAt jo svayaM abhisaraNa karatI hai yA nAyaka ko apane pAsa bulAkara abhisaraNa karAtI hai vaha kAma se pIr3ita abhisArikA nAyikA kahalAtI hai| " kI prakAra isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra ne vyutpatti dvArA hI AThoM nAyikAoM ke artha spaSTa kara diye haiM, alaga se lakSaNa nahIM kiye haiN| inheM hI unake lakSaNa samajhanA caahie| ye ATha avasthAyeM svakIyA nAyikA kI haiN|

Page #386
375 inameM se antima tIna avasthAoM ko parastrI nAyikA kI bhI jAnanA caahiye| kyoMki saMketa se pUrva vaha viraha ke liye utkaMThita rahatI hai, bAda me vipakA di ke dvArA abhisaraNa karatI hai aura kisI kArapavaza saMketa sthala para nAyaka ko na pAkara vipalabdha rahatI hai| ata: ye tInoM avasthAyeM svakIyA aura parakIyA donoM kI hotI haiN| 2 ___ jainAcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra va vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne bhI nAyikA ke ukta ATha bhedoM kA ullekha isI rUpa meM kiyA hai| pratinAyikA - kAvya meM pratinAyaka ke samAna pratinAyikA bhI mahatva hai| yaha nAyikA kI pratipakSinI hotI hai tathA prAyaH pradhAna nAyikA ke praNaya vyApAra meM bAdhaka banatI hai| ataH pradhAna nAyikA dvArA aneka kaSToM ko prApta karatI hai| yaha kathAvastu ko Age bar3hAne meM sahAyaka hotI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne pratinAyikA kA svarUpa nirUpapa karate huye likhA hai - "ISyahita : sapatnI pratinAyikA' arthAta IrSyA ke kArapabhUta sauta (sapatnI) pratinAyikA kahalAtI hai| jaise rUkmipI kI satyabhAmA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne nAyikA kI kevala pratinAyikA kA svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai| kyoMki dUtI Adi to loka meM prasiddha hI haiN| ata : unakA nirUpapa nahIM kiyA hai| 1. anyatryavasthA prstrii| kAvyAnuzAsana, 7/31 2. vahI, vRtti , pR. 421 3. hi. nATyadarpaNa, 4/23-26 4. kAvyAnuzAsana - vAgbhaTa, pR. 63 5. "datyazca nAyikAnAM lokasdiA eveti noktaaH| kAvyAnu. vRtti, pR. 421

Page #387
376 nAyikAoM ke alaMkAra : sAmAnyata: striyoM ke 20 alaMkAra mAne gaye haiM jo sattva se utpanna hone ke kArape stavana kahalAte haiN| ye nArI ke saundarya ke nikhArane meM sahAyaka hote haiN| yahA~ strIgata bhAvabhaMgimA ko hI alaMkAra zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| dazarUpakakAra ne striyoM meM yauvanAvasthA meM sattvaja svAbhAvika jina 20 alaMkAro ko kahA hai', unhIM ko A. hemacandra ne bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| A. hemacandra ke anusAra striyoM ke sattva se utpanna bIsa alaMkAra hote haiN| unhoMne satva kI vyAkhyA karate huye likhA hai ki jo saMvedana rUpa se vistAra ko prApta ho tathA anya dehadharmatA se hI thita ho vaha sattva kahalAtA hai| apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM unhoMne "dehAtmakaM bhavet sattvaM isa bharata-vacana ko prastuta kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra ye alaMkAra satva se utpanna hone ke kAraNa satvaja kahalAte haiM, rAjasa aura tAmasa prakRtivAle zArIroM meM inakA honA asaMbhava hai| cANDAlinoM meM bhI rUpa aura lAvaNya dikhAI do haiM kintu ceSTAdi alaMkAra nahIM, aura yadi unameM peSTAdi alaMkAra hote bhI haiM to uttamatA ke hI sUcaka hai| alaMkAra mAtradehaniSTha hote haiM, cittavRttirUpa nhiiN| ve yuvAvasthA meM spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| bAlyAvasthA meM ve anutpanna rahate haiM aura vRddhAvasthA meM tirohita ho jAte haiN| yadyapi ye alaMkAra puruSoM ke bhI hote hai, tathApi dazarUpaka, 2/30-33 satvajA viMzatiH strIpAmalaMkArAH kAvyAnuzAsana, 7/33 3 saMvedanarUpAta asataM yattato'nyadehadharmatvenaiva sthitaM stvm| vahI, vRrita, pR. 425

Page #388
377 striyoM ke hI ve alaMkAra hai, ata: tadgata mAnakara hI yahAM unakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| puruSa kA to utsAha varSana anya alaMkAra hai aura nAyaka ke samasta bhedoM meM dhIratA vizeSa rUpa se kahA hI hai, usI te AcchAdita to bhaMgArAdi dhIralalita ityAdi meM dhIra zabda hai| unhoMne Age vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai ki kucha alaMkAra kriyAtmaka haiM aura kucha svAbhAvika gup| kiyAtmakoM meM bhI kucha pUrvajanma abhyasta ratibhAva mAtra ke dvArA stvotpanna hone te dehamAtra meM hote haiM, ve aMgaja kahalAte haiN| anya isa janma meM samucita vibhAvazAta prasphuTita ratibhAvayukta deha meM sphurita hote haiM ve svAbhAvika kahalAte haiM arthAta svayaM ke ratibhAva se hRdayagocarIbhUta hote haiN| jaise kisI nAyikA ke kucha alaMkAra svabhAvadazAt hote haiM, anya nAyikA ke dUsare aura kisI nAyikA ke do-tIna athavA isase bhI adhika svAbhAvika hote haiN| bhAva, hAva aura helA sabhI bhAva tatva kI adhikatA hone se samasta uttama nAyikAoM meM hote haiN| zobhA Adi sAta alaMkAra haiN| isI prakAra aMgaja aura svabhAvaja kriyAtmaka haiM tathA zobhA Adi gupAtmaka hone se ayatnaja haiM AyAsapUrvaka utpanna hone se kriyAtmaka kahalAte haiN|' bIta alaMkAroM kA vivecana isa prakAra hai tIna aMgaja alaMkAra - bhAva, hAva aura helA - ye tIna aMgaja alaMkAra kramaza: alpa, adhika aura atyadhika vikArAtmaka hote haiN| 2 1. kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti. pR. 422 2. bhAvahAvahelAstrayo'i.manA alpabahubhayo vikaaraatmkaa:| kAvyAnuvAratana, 7/34

Page #389
daza svAbhAvika alaMkAra lIlA Adi 10 svAbhAvika alaMkAra hai / 818 lIlA : " vAgveSaceSTitaiH priyasyAnukRtirlIlA" arthAt vANI, veSa aura ceSTAoM ke dvArA priya nAyaka kA anukaraNa karanA lIlA kahalAtA hai| 828 838 848 15) 868 1. vilAsa : "sthAnAdInAM vaiziSTyaM vilAsaH " arthAt priya ke sthAna Adi kA vaiziSTya vilAsa kahalAtA hai| Adipada ke grahaNa se sthAna urdhvatA ke atirikta baiThanA, jAnA, hAtha, bhauMha, netra karma Adi kA vaiziSTya bhI vilAsa kahalAtA hai| vicchitti : * garvAdalpA kalpanyAsa: zobhAkRda vicchittiH " arthAt saubhAgya ke garva se alpa AbhUSaNoM kA pahananA zobhAvarddhaka hone se vicchitti kahalAtA hai| bibboka : "iSTe'pyavatA bibbokaH " arthAt iSTa vastu meM anAdara bibboka kahalAtA hai| saubhAgya ke garvAdi se iSTa vastu meM bhI Adara na karanA bibboka hai| vibhrama : "vAgaMgabhUSaNAnAM vyatyAso vibhramaH " arthAt vANI, aMga aura AbhUSaNoM kA viparyaya vibhrama kahalAtA hai| kilikiMcita : "smitaha sitala dinabhaya roSagarvadu: khazramAbhilASasaMkara : kilikiNcitm|" arthAta muskarAnA, haMsanA, ronA, bhaya, krodha, lIlAdayo darza svAbhAvikA: / lIlAvilAsavicchitti bibboka vibhramakilikiMcitamoTTAyita kuTTa mitala lita vihatanAmAna: / vahI, 1/35, va. pR. 424

Page #390
379 garva, duHsa, zrama aura abhilASa kA eka sAtha honA kilikiMcita kahalAtA hai| moTTAyita : "priyakathAdau tadabhAvabhAvanotthA ceSTA moTTAyitam arthAt priya kI kathA Adi meM usake bhAva se prabhAvita hone para utpanna ceSTA moTTAyita kahalAtA hai| 888 kuTTamita : "adharA digrahAda duHye'pi harSaH kuTTa mitama" arthAta priyatama dArA adharAdi ke gRhapa se duHkha hone para bhI harSa kA bhAva kuTTamita kahalAtA hai| lalita : "matRpo'iganyAso lalitam' arthAta komala aMgoM kA nyAta lalita kahalAtA hai| hAtha, paira, bhauMha, netra, adhara Adi sukumAra aMgoM kA vinyAsa lalita hai| 1108 vidvata : "vyAjAdeH prAptakAlasyA'pyavacanaM vihatam' arthAt avasara prApta hone para bhI mugdhatA, lajjA Adi gupoM ke kArapa na bolanA vihata kahalAtA hai| vilAsa : "kartavyavazAdAyAte eva hastAdikamapi yada vaicitryaM sa vilAsaH' arthAta kartavyavazAta nAyaka ke Ane para hI hattAdi ke kAryoM meM jo vicitratA AtI hai, vaha vilAsa kahalAtA hai| prakArAntara se yaha sAtizaya lalita kA hI svarUpa hai| A. hemacandra ne "kecita AhuH' kahakara bhojarAja ke mata se krIDita aura keli ina do alaMkAroM ko bhI sodAharapa prastuta kiyA hai|' . kecita bAlyakumArayauvanasAdhArapavihAravizeSa kI Ditama, krIDitameva ca priyatama viSaya keli cAlaMkArau aahuH| kAvyAnuzAsana, vRtti, pR. 428

Page #391
380 sAta ayatnaja alaMkAra : zobhA Adi sAta ayatnaja alaMkAra kahalAte haiN|' zobhA, kInta aura dIpti : 'lpayauvanalAvaNyaiH puMbhAgopabaMhitamandamadhyatIvAi.gacchAyA zomA kAntidIptipaca arthAta rUpa, yauvana tathA lAvaNya kA purUSa dvArA upabhoga karane se vRddhi ko prApta manda, madhya aura tIvra aMgoM kI chAyA kramaza: zobhA, kAnti aura dIpti nAmaka striyoM ke ayatnaja alaMkAra haiN| mAdhurya : "ceSTAmasRpatvaM mAdhuryam" arthAt krodhAdi meM bhI ceSTAoM hAva-bhAvoM kI komalatA mAdhurya hai| dhairya : "acApalA vikatyanatve dhairyama' arthAta caMcalatA aura AtmaprazaMsA kA abhAva dhairya hai| audArya : prazraya audAryam' arthAda amarSa, IrSyA, krodha Adi avasthAoM meM bhI prazraya-ziSTatApUrNa vyavahAra audArya hai| prAgalbhya : "prayoge niHsAdhvasatvaM prAgalbhyam" arthAta prayoga-kAma, causaTha kalA Adi ke prayoga meM niHsAdhvasatva arthAta bhaya Adi kA na honA prAgalbhya hai| ___ AvArya hemacandra ke pratipAdana se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki una para bharatamuni kA atyadhika prabhAva par3A hai tathA unhoMne AcArya dhanaMjaya kA anukara pa kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne vilAsa nAmaka svAbhAvika alaMkAra kA svarUpa 1. zobhAdayaH sptaaytnjaaH| kAvyAnuzAsana 7/47, vRtti, pR. 423

Page #392
381 do sthAna 7/37 aura 7/45 para prastuta kiyA hai| dvitIya svarUpa ko unhoMne prakArAntara se sAtizaya lalita kahA hai| zAkyAcArya rAhula Adi AcAryo ne maugdhya ( mugdhatA), mada, bhAvikatva, paritapana Adi alaMkAroM ko bhI kahA hai, parantu AcArya hemacandra ne bharatamatAnusAra hI unakI upekSA kara dI hai|' ayatnaja alaMkAro ke viSaya meM AcArya hemacandra kI mAnyatA hai ki zobhA, kAnti, aura dIpti bAyarUpagata haiM tathA iname Avega, capalatA, amarSa, trAsa kA to abhAva hI hai| mAdhurya Adi to striyoM ke dharma haiM, cittavRtti svabhAva rUpa nhiiN| isalie inameM bhAvoM kI zaMkA karane ke lie koI avakAza nahIM hai|2 AcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra dvArA bIsa alaMkAroM ke lakSaNa bhI pUrvavata haiN|' navInatA kI dRSTi se unake dvArA kiyA gayA lalita va vilAsa 1. zAkyAcAryA rAhulAdayAstu maugdhyamadabhAvikatva pritpnaadiinpylNkaaraanaacksste| te'mmA bhirbhrtmtaanusaaribhiruupekssitaa|| kAvyAnu., vRtti, pR. 431 2. atra zobhAkA ntidIptayo vAyarUpAdigatA eva vizeSA Avega cApalAmarSatrAsAnAM svabhAva evN| mAdhuryAyA dharmA na cittavRttisvabhAvA iti naiteSu bhaavshNkaavkaashH|| vahI, 431 3 hindI nATyadarpapa, 4/27-37

Page #393
382 kA aMtara upAdeya hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki - dekhane yogya vastu ke na rahane para bhI dRSTi phailAnA, gahapa yogya vastu ke abhAva meM bhI hAtha Adi kA calAnA jaise niSprayojana vyApAra lalita haiM aura sapayojana vyApAra vilAsa hai| yahI inameM aMtara hai|' ___jainAcArya narendraprabhatari ne striyoM ke ukta bIsa stvaja alaMkAroM meM se prathama teraha ko aprAptasaMbhogatA meM bhI hone se anubhAva bhI mAnA hai tathA zobhA kAnti Adi antima sAta ko alaMkAra maatr|2 - - 1. kRTavyaM vinA dRSTikSepo, grAhmamRte hastAdivyApRtirityevaM niSprayojano llitm| saprayojanastu vyApAro vilAsa, ityanayorbhedaH iti| vahI, 4/33 vRtti 2. ete ca bhAdAdayo vizatiralaMkArAH striipaamityuktmnyaiH| asmAbhistu teSvAyAstrayodaza aprAptasaMbhogatAyAmapi sambhavantItyanubhAvatvenApi prtipaaditaaH| zobhA - kAnti dIpti - mAdhurya - dhairyodArya prAgalbhyanAmAnastu sapta prAptasaMbhogameva bhavantItyalaMkArA eva nAnubhAvatAM bhjntiiti| alaMkAramahodadhi, pR. 76-77

Page #394
383 nATya vRttiyAM : yadyapi vRtti zabda kA prayoga vividha arthoM me kiyA jAtA hai, kintu kAvyazAstra meM yaha viziSTa artha kA vAcaka hai| yahAM - yaha tIna vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai * prathama zabdazakti meM arthAta abhidhA, lakSaNA, tAtparyA aura vyaMjanA ke rUpa meM, dvitIya upanAgarikA paruSA va komalA nAmaka anupAta ke prakAroM ke liye tathA tRtIya kaizikI, ArabhaTI, bhAratI va sAttvatI Adi nATyavRttiyoM ke lie hotA hai| prastuta meM nATyavRttiyoM ko hI dhyAna meM rakhakara inakA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| nATya prayoga kI dRSTi se nAyaka-nAyikAdi pAtroM kI kAyika, vAcika va mAnasika vyApArarUpa ceSTA hI "vRtti" rUpa meM vivakSita hai| nATyavRttiyoM kI utpatti : bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra meM ina vRttiyoM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM kathita hai ki bhagavAna viSNu nAgazayyA para zayana kara rahe the| tadanantara zakti ke mada meM unmatta madhu va kaiTabha nAmaka asuroM ne viSNu ko yuddha maiM llkaaraa| usa samaya asuroM ke vinAza hetu jina ceSTA - vizeSoM kA pradarzana kiyA gayA unhIM te vRttiyoM kI utpatti ' huii| sarvaprathama viSNu ke dvArA bhUmi para balapUrvaka paira rakhane te jaba bhUmi 1. nATyazAstra, 22/11-14

Page #395
384 para atyadhika bhAra par3A taba bhAratI vRtti utpanna huii| viSNu kI gatizAlI tIva, dIptikara evaM zaktizAlI tathA bhayarahita ceSTAoM se sAtvatI vRtti kI utpatti huii| viSNu ke vicitra AMgika hAvabhAvoM va lIlA ke dvArA ziNa baMdhana se ke zikI nAmaka vRtti kI utpatti huI. va pracaNDa Avega ke Adhikya va vividha mudrAoM se viSpa ke dvArA yuddha karane se AramaTI nAmaka vRtti kI utpatti huii| ___ AcArya bharata ke eka anya ullekhAnusAra Rgveda se bhAratI vRtti, yajurveda se sAntvatI, sAmaveda se kaizikI va atharvaveda se AraTI vRtti kI utpatti huii| isa prakAra bharatamuni ne ukta cAra prakAra kI vRttiyoM kA nirUpapa kiyA hai| ukta vRttiyAM pradhAna aMza kI dRSTi se paraspara pRthaka hote hue bhI eka dUsare se saMvalita bhI hotI hai, kyoMki vA cika, mAnasika aura zArIrika ceSTAI paraspara milakara hI eka dUsare ko pUrpatA detI hai| abhinavaguptAnusAra zArIrika ceSTA bhI sakSma mAnasika aura vAcika ceSTAoM se vyApta rahatI hai| abhinavagupta ke ukta mata ke AdhAra para jainAcArya rAmacandra-gupacandra kA kathana hai ki cAra vRttiyAM 1. vahI, 22/24 2. abhinavabhAratI, bhAga-3, pR. /

Page #396
385 kisI eka vRtti ke pradhAna hone ke kArapa hI hotI haiM, anyathA aneka peSTAoM se milatA huA vRttitatva eka hI hai, kyoMki nATaka yA prabandhAdi meM kisI bhI vRttitatva kA dUsarI vRttiyoM ke yoga ke binA niSpanna honA saMbhava hI nhiiN| yadi nATaka meM vidUSaka bhI hAsya ke liye ceSTA karatA hai to vaha bhI mana yA buddhi se samjhakara hI karatA hai| ata: vRttiyAM eka dUsare se saMvalita hone para bhI aMza-vizeSa kI pradhAnatA hone se bhAratI, sAtvatI, kaizikI va AraTI bheda se cAra prakAra kI hotI haiN| yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki rAmacandra-guNacandra anabhineya kAvya meM bhI vRttiyoM kI sthiti svIkAra karate haiM, kyoMki koI bhI varNanIya kAvya - vyApAra zUnya nahIM ho sktaa|' unhoMne vRttiyoM ko nATya kI mAtA svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAratI vRtti : nATyadarpaNakAra ke anusAra, samasta rUpakoM meM rahane vAlI, Amukha tathA parocanA te utthita (arthAt nATaka ke prAraMbhika bhAgoM meM vizeSa rUpa se upasthita) samparpa rasoM te paripUrNa, tathA prAya : mAnasAcikaipaca vyApAraiH smbhidhnte| zabdollikhitaM manaH pratyayaM vinA rujakatya kaayvyaapaarpritpndsyaabhaadaat| tenAnabhinaya'pi kAvye vRttayo bhvntyev| na hi mApArazanyaM kiJcid vrssniiymsti| hi. nATyadarpaNa, pR. 274 2. bhAratI sAtvatI kaizikyArabhaTI ca vRttayaH rasa-bhAvAbhinayagAzcatasro naattymaatrH|| yahI, 3/1

Page #397
386 saMskRta bhASA kA avalambana karane vAlI, vAgvyApAra-pradhAna vRtti bhAratI vRtti kahalAtI hai|' bhAratIvRtti kI vizeSatA ye hai ki isakI sthiti abhinaya tathA ana bhineya sabhI prakAra ke kAvyoM meM sAmAnyarUpa se rahatI hai|2 kA rikA meM prayukta prAyaH zabda kA jo prayoga kiyA gayA hai| usakI vyAkhyA karate hue granthakAra likhate haiM ki yadyapi bhAratI vRtti kA mukhya sthAna Amukha tathA prarocanA bhAgoM ko mAnA gayA hai kiMtu inate bhinna sthAnoM para vIthI va prahaptana meM bhI isakA sthAna pAyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra mukhya rUpa se bhArI vRtti meM saMskRta bhASA kA hI prayoga hotA hai kintu vaha anivArya nahIM hai| kabhI - kabhI saMskRta se bhinna prAkRta bhASA kA bhI bhAratIvRtti meM avalambana kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtvatI vRtti - jainAcArya rAmacandra-guNacandra ke anusAra, mAnasika, vAcika tathA kA yika abhinayoM se tacita, Arjada, DaoNTa-phTa kAra (AdharSa) / . sarvarUpakagAminyAmaya - prrocnotthitaa| prAya: saMskRtani: zeSarasAdayA vAci bhaartii| vahI, 3/2 2. vahI, vRtti , pR. 275 3 vahI, vRtti , pR. 276

Page #398
387 harSa va dharya se yukta tathA raudra, vIra, zAnta va adbhuta ratoM se sambaddha mAnasa- vyApAra sAtvatI vRtti kahalAtA hai|' isI ko vyAkhyApita karate ve likhate haiM ki sattva - mana se utpanna hone vAlI vRtti sAtvatI vRtti hai| yadyapi saMsAra kI sabhI vastue~ trigupAtmaka hai tathApi tAttvatI vRtti trigupAtmaka hote hue bhI sttvagupa pradhAna hotI hai| isameM mAnasika, vAcika tathA AMgika abhinaya hone para bhI mAnatika vyApAra satva se niyaMtrita hote haiN|' mAnasika vyApAra kI pradhAnatA hone se Arjava, AdharSa, mRdu, dhairya Adi bhAvoM kA varpana hotA hai| ukta bhAvoM se yukta tathA vIra, raudra, zAMta tathA adbhuta rasoM meM rahane vAlI vRtti sAtvIvRtti hai|' - - - - - - 1. sAtvato tatva - vAgaMgAbhinayaM karma maantm| sArjavAdharSa - muda - dhairya - raudra - vIra - shmaadbhutm|| hi. nATyadarpapa 3/5 2. sat satvaM prakAzA tayatrAsti tata satvaM manaH,tatra bhavA saattvtii| vahI, vRtti , pR. 286 3 abhinayatraya bhidhAne'pi mAnasavyApArasya satvapradhAnatvAta satvAbhinaya evAtra pradhAnamitarauM' gaupau| vahI, vRti, pR. 286 + vahI, 3/5

Page #399
388 A. bharata dhanaMjaya Adi AcAryoM ke mata meM sAtvatI vRtti ke salApa utthApaka, sAindhAtya va parivartika ye cAra aMga hote haiN| kaizikI vRtti : nATyadarpaphakAra ke anusAra, hAsya, zrRMgAra(nRtya gItAdi rUpa) nATya tathA (narma arthAta viSTa parihAsAdi ke bhedoM se yukta kaizikI) vRtti hotI hai|' ve likhate haiM ki atizaya yakta keza jinake hoM ve striyAM kaizikA huI aryAva kaizikI vRtti kI utpatti keza zabda se huI hai| lambe kezoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa strI ko kezikA' kahA jAtA hai| unakA prAdhAnya hone se unakI yaha vRtti kaizikI kahalAtI hai| striyoM kI pradhAnatA hone se kaizikI vRtti hAsya va zrRMgArocita kriyAoM se yukta hotI hai| isameM narma-vAga, veSaM tathA ceSTAoM se agrAmya parihAsa bhI rahatA hai| jaise - kumArasaMbhava ke sAtaveM sarga meM - - - - 1. nATyazAstra, 20/41 jhArUpaka, 2/537 OM kaizikI hAsya - zrRMgAra - nATya nrmbhidaatmikaa| vahI, 3/6 kA puurvaarddh| + vahI, vivRti, pR. 287 5. vahI, vivRti, pR. 287

Page #400
389 sakhiyoM dvArA pArvatI se kiyA gayA parihAsa patyuH zirazcandrakalAmanena...... ityAdi narmavAk parihAsa hai|' AraTI vRtti : AraTI vRtti kA lakSaNa karate hue A. rAmacandraguNacandra likhate haiM ki anRtabhASapa, chala-paJca, dvandvayuddha tathA(raudA di) dIptaratoM se yukta (vRtti)AramaTI kahalAtI hai|2| isI ko spaSTa karate hue ve Age likhate haiM ki "Ara" arthAta cAbuka ( aMkuzA ) ke samAna prahAra karane vAle uddhata purUSa ArabhaTa kahe jAte haiM aura ye ArabheTa jisa vyApAra me saMlagna ho, vaha AraTI' vRtti hai| yaha vIroM ke krodhAvega, asatyabhASapa, prapaMca, chala-japa, mAyA-indrajAlAdi ke varNana tathA raudrAdi-dIptarasoM meM prayukta hotI hai| yaha kA yika, vAcika va mAnasika saba prakAra ke abhinayoM se yukta hotI hai| bharata tathA dhanaMjaya Adi nATyAcAryo ne ArabhaTI ke 1. vahI, pR. 287 2. AramaTapanata - dvandva--dIptaratA nkitaa|| vahI, 3/6 3. vahI, vivRti, pR. 288 + hi. nATyadarpapa, vRtti, pR. 288 5. vahI, vRtti , pR. 289

Page #401
390 ke kamaza: saMkSipti, avapAta, vastUtthApana aura sampeTa cAra aMga svIkAra kiye haiN| ukta vRttiyAM rasa bhAva va abhinaya kA anusarapa karatI haiN| astu niSkarSata: yaha kahanA samyak pratIta hotA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne jahA~ kAvyazAstrIya tatvoM kA sama garUpeNa vistRta vivecana kiyA hai vahI nATyasambandhI tatvoM kA hI na kevala kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM samAveza kiyA hai apitu nATyazAstrIya svataMtra ganyoM kA bhI pracalana kiyA hai| inameM varNita samaga tatva marata-paraMparA ke anugAmI hone ke . sAtha hI sAtha jainAcAryoM kI apanI maulika vicAradhArA se bhI anuprANita haiN| phalata: inate kAvyazAstrIya siddhAntoM ko eka natana dizA prApta huI hai jo nizcita hI jainAcAryoM ke mahanIya yogadAna kI sUcaka gat

Page #402
31. A. kAvyA. T. . hi. vAgbhaTA. saMkSipta saMketa sUcI mahA. vastu kA sA. va saM. sA. meM usakI dena tri.za. pu. ca. adhyAya AcArya kAvyAnuzAsana 391 pRSTha vRtti hindI vAgbhaTAlaMkAra mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaMDala va saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena trizaSTi zailA kApurUSacarita

Page #403
392 sahAyaka ganya - sacI ( / ) agnipurApa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga saMpAdaka - ana. DA. rAmalAla zarmA, prakAzaka - nezanala pabliziMga hAusa. dillI - 6, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1969 (2) alaMkAra dhArapAH vikAsa aura vizleSapa DA. zobhAkAnta mizra, prakAzaka - bihAra hindI gantha akAdamI, paTanA - 3, prathama saMskarapa, 1972 (3.) alaMkAramahodadhi : narendraprabhatari, saMpAdaka - lAlacandra bhagavAnadAsa gAndhI jaina paMDita. prakAzaka - gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIja, bar3audA, 1942 (4) AcArya hemacanda - lekhaka DA. vi. bhA. musalagAMvakara madhyapradeza hindI gantha akAdamI bhopAla, se prakAzita (5) (hindI) abhinavabhAratI : abhinavagupta, bhASyakAra - AcArya vizvezvara, prakAzaka - hindI vibhAga. dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1973 16 hindI alaMkArasarvasva : rAjAnaka sthayaka, hindI bhASyAnuvAdakAra-DA. revAprasAda dvivedI, caukhambA prakAzana, vArApasI, prathama saMskarapa, san 1971 kAvyaprakAza : mammaTa, vyAkhyAkAra - A. vizvezvara. sampAdaka - DA. nagendra, prakAzaka - jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa. vArApasI, prathama saMskarapa, 1960

Page #404
393 (By (hindI) kAvyamImAMtAH rAjazekhara, vyAkhyA - DA. gaMgAsAgara rAya.ema. e. pI. eca.DI.. prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana. vArApasI - 1. tRtIya saMskarapa, vi.saM. 2039 (9) kAvyAdarza : daNDI, anuvAdaka - baja ratnadAsa, bI. e., prakAzaka - zrI kamalamapi ganthamAlA kAryAlaya, bulAnAlA, kAzI, vi. saM. 1988 (10) kAvyAnuzAsanaH hemacandra, sampAdaka - rasikalAla sI. pArikha, prakAzaka - zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, baMbaI, prathama saMskarapa 1938 (11) kAvyAnuzAsanaH vAgbhaTa dvitIya, sampAdaka - paM0 zivadatta zarmA aura kAzInAtha pANDuraMga paraba, prakAzaka - tukArAma jAvajI, nirpayasAgaraM presa, bambaI, dvitIyAvRtti, 1915 (12) kAvyAlaMkAraH bhAmaha, bhASyakAra - devendranAtha zarmA, prakAzaka bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA, ziSTAbda - 1962 (13) hindI kAvyAlaMkAraH rudraTa, namitAdhakRta saM. TIkA sahita, vyA. zrI rAmadeva zukla, pakA. - caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArApasI - 1, prathama saMskarapa 1966 (14) kAvyAlaMkA rasAraH bhAvadevatari (alaMkAramahodadhi ke aMta meM - pR. 343 se 356 taka prakAzita)

Page #405
394 (15) kAvyAlaMkArasAratagaha evaM laghuvRtti kI vyAdhyA, ubhaTa evaM pratihArendurAja, vyAkhyA- DaoN. rAmamUrti tripAThI, prakA0-hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, prathama saMskarama, san 1966 (16) hindI kAvyAlaMkA rasatra : vAmana, vyAkhyA. AcArya vizvezvara, sampAdaka - DA. nagendra, prakAzaka - AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI -6, san 1954 (17) candrAlokaH pIyaSavarSa jayadeva, vyAkhyA. nandakizora zarmA, sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka - caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, banArasa, san 1937 (18) jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 5: paM0 ambAlAla pre0 zAha, prakAzaka - pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI - 5, prathama saMskarapa, 1969 (19) jainAcAryoM kA alaMkA razAstra meM yogadAna : DA. kamaleza kamAra jaina prakA. - pAzrvanAtha vipAzrama zodha saMsthAna. vArApasI -5, vi.saM. 2041 (20) tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, catartha khaNDaH DA. nemicandra zAstrI, prakAzaka - akhila bhAratavarSIya di. jaina vidvata pariSada, prathama saMskaraNa, 1974 (21) hindI dArUpakaH dhanaJjaya, vyAkhyA. - DA. bholAzaMkara vyAsa, prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyA-bhavana, banArasa, caturtha saMskarapa, 1973

Page #406
395 (22) hindI dhvanyAloka: AnaMdavardhana, vyAkhyA - AcArya vizvezvara, prakAzaka - gautama buka Dipo, naI sar3aka, dillI prathama saMskarapa, agasta, 1952 (23) nala vilAsanATaka : AcArya rAmacandra, sampAdaka - jI. ke. goNDekara, prakAzaka - gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIja, senTrala lAiberI, bar3audA, 1926 (24) hindI nATyadarpapa : rAmacandra-gapacandra, vyAkhyA. - AcArya vizvezvara, prakAzaka - hindI vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, pathama saMskarapa, tan 1961 (25) nATyazAstra: bharatamuni, saMpAdaka - baTukanAtha zarmA, baladeva upAdhyAya, prakAzaka - caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja bhAphisa, banArasa san 1929 (26) hindI nATyazAstraH bharatamani, saMpAdaka - evaM vyAkhyA. bAbalAla zakla zAstrI, caukhambA prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1972 (27) nirbhayabhImavyAyogaH AcArya rAmacandra, sampAdaka - paM0 zrAvaka haragovindadAsa becaradAsa, prakAzaka - harSacandra bharAbhAI, dharmAbhyudaya presa, vArApasI, dIra saMvata 2437 (28) bhAratIya sAhityazAstra : gaNeza yambaka dezapANDe, prakAzaka - pApyulara buka Dipo, bambaI - 7, prathama saMskarapa, 1960

Page #407
396 (29) mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya-gaMDala bhaura maiskRta sAhitya meM unakI dena: DA. bhogIlAla ja0 sAMDesarA, prakAzaka - dalasara mAlavaNiyA, maMtrI jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, dArApatI - 5, prathama saMskarapa, 1959 (30) rasagaMgAdhara : paMDitarAja jagannAtha, saMskRta vyA. - paM0 zrI badrInAtha jhA, hi. vyA. paM0 zrI madanamohana jhA, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, cauka banArasa - 1, 1955 (31) hindI vakroktijIvita: kantaka, vyA. rAdhezyAma mizra, caugumbA pakAzana, vArApatI prathama saMskaraNa, rAna 1967 (32) vAgbhaTa vivecanaH AcArya priyavrata zarmA, prakAzaka - caukhambA vidhAbhavana, vArApatI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1968 (33) vAgbhaTAlkAraH vAgbhaTa prathama, siMhadevagaNi TIkA sahita, hi. vyAkhyA. DA. satyavrata siMha, prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana, cauka, vArApasI, san 1957 (34) saMskRta zAstroM kA itihAsa : AcArya baladava upAdhyAya, pradAJcaka - zAradA maMdira vArApatI - 5, prAIma saMskarapa, san 1969 (35) saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsaH sabI. kItha. ana0 maMgaladeva zAstrI, prakAzaka - motIlAla banArasIdAsa, bahalI, san 1960

Page #408
(36) (37) (38) (39) saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa : lekhaka - DA. suzIla kumAra De anuvAdaka zrI mAyArAma zarmA prakAzaka paTanA, dvitIya saMskaraNa, sitambara 1988 bihAra hindI grantha akAdamI, - sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa bhoja, vyA. DA. kAmezvaranAtha mizra, prakA. caukhambA oriyanTAliyA, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1976 sAhityadarpaNa vizvanAtha, DA. satyavrata siMha, prakAzaka caukhambA vidyAbhavana vArApatI tRtIya saMskaraNa, vi. saM. 2026 vyAkhyA. - hemacandrAcArya jIvanacaritra - mala jarmana lekhaka DA. jI bailara aMgrejI se hindI anuvAda kastUramala bAMThiyA caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1 prathama saMskaraNa, 1967 patrikA jaina tidvAnta bhAskara: saMpAo- DA0 jyotiprasAda jaina, STO nemicandra zAstrI, prakAzaka- devakumAra jaina oriyaNTala risarca insTITayUTa jaina siddhAntabhavana, ArA, hIraka jayantI vizeSAMka, bhAga 23 kirapa / evaM bhAga 14 kirapa 2 ENGLISH BOOKS 397 (1) History of Indian Literaturer: M.Wintemitz, Vol. II, University of Calcutta, Second Edition, 1972.

Page #409
398 2. A History of Sanskrit Literature: A Mecdonal, London william Heinemann, Second Edition 1905. 3. Kavyanusa sana, Volume II Introduction, by - R.C. Parikh, Pub. - Sri Mahavira Jaina vidyalaya, Bombay. First Edition, 1938. 4. The Number of Rasas : V. Raghavan, Pub. - The Adyar Library, Adyar, 1940. 5. Sanskrit Drama : A.B. Keith, Oxford University Press, 1923,

Page #410
_