Jain Dharm

Author(s): Kailashchandra Shastri
Publisher: Bharatiya Digambar Sangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010347/1

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bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha pustakamAlA kA dUsarA puSpa jainadharma [jainadharmake itihAsa, siddhAnta, AcAra, sAhitya, kalA purAtattva, pantha, parva-tIrthakSetra Adi kA prAmANika paricaya] bhUmikA lekhaka zrI DA0 sampUrNAnanda rAjyapAla, rAjasthAna sarakAra lekhaka siddhAntAcArya zrI kailAzacandra zAstrI prAcArya, zrI syAdvAda di0 jaina mahAvidyAlaya kAzI

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prakAzaka maMtrI, sAhitya vibhAga bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha caurAsI, mathurA prathama saMskaraNa 1948 eka hajAra dvitIya saMskaraNa 1946 do hajAra tRtIya saMskaraNa 1955 do hajAra caturtha saMskaraNa 1966 do hajAra mUlya cAra rupaye [ sarvAdhikAra surakSita ] mudraka mahAvIra presa, bI0 20 / 44, bhelUpura vArANasI - 1

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83 MER NEPAL - bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI ati prAcIna mUrti [jainadharma pRSTha 4]

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prAkkathana maiM jainadharmakA anuyAyI nahIM hU~, isaliye jaba zrI kailAzacandra jainane mujhase jainadharmakA prAkkathana likhaneko kahA to mujhako kucha saGkoca huA / parantu pustaka par3ha jAnepara saGkoca svataH dUra ho gyaa| yaha aisI pustaka hai jisakA prAkkathana likhane meM apaneko prasannatA hotI hai| choTI hote hue bhI isameM jainadharmake sambandhakI sabhI mukhya bAtoMkA samAveza kara diyA gayA hai / aisI pustakoMmeM, svamata sthApanake sAtha sAtha kahIM kahIM paramata doSoMko dikhalAnA anivArya-sA ho jAtA hai / kamase-kama apane matake AlocakoM ko AlocanA to karanI hI par3atI hai| prastuta pustakameM, syAdvAdake sambandhameM zrIzaGkarAcAryyane lekhakakI sammatimeM isa siddhAntake samajhane meM jo bhUla kI hai usakI ora saGketa kiyA gayA hai| parantu kahIM bhI ziSTatAkA ullaGghana nahIM hone pAyA hai| Ajakala hama bhAratIya isa bAtako bhUla se gaye hai ki gambhIra viSayoMke pratipAdanameM abhadra bhASAkA prayoga nindya hai aura siddhAntakA khaNDana siddhAntoMpara kIcar3a uchAle vinA bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha pustaka isa viSayameM anukaraNIya apavAda hai / bhAratIya saMskRtike saMvarddhanameM una logoMne ullekhya bhAga liyA hai jinako jaina zAstroMse sphUrti prApta huI thii| vAstukalA, mUrtikalA, vAGa maya-sabapara ho jaina vicAroMkI gahiro chApa hai| jaina vidvAnoM aura zrAvakoMne jisa prANapaNase apane zAstroMkI rakSA ko thI vaha hamAre itihAsakI amara kahAnI hai| isalie jaina vicAradhArAkA paricaya zikSita samudAyako honA hI cAhie / kucha bAteM aisI haiM jinameM jainiyoMko svabhAvataH vizeSa abhiruci hogI / digambara-zvetAmbara vivAdameM sabako svArasya nahIM ho sakatA aura na saba logoMko una khAdyAkhAdya vratAdike niyamopaniyamoMkI jAnakArIkI vizeSa AvazyakatA hai| parantu jo loga dharma aura darzanakA adhyayana karate haiM unako yaha to jAnanA hI cAhiye ki Izvara, jIva, jagat, mokSa jaise praznoMke sambandhameM jaina AcAryone kyA kahA hai|

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vizeSa aura vistRta adhyayanake liye to bar3e graMthoMko dekhanA hI hogA prArambhika jJAnake lie yaha choTI-sI pustaka bahuta upayogI hai / aura jaina daH jaina darzana jagatko satya mAnatA hai / yaha bAta zAGkara advaita viruddha to hai parantu Astika vicAradhArAse asaMgata nahIM hai / usakA zvaravAdI honA bhI svataH nindya nahIM hai / parama Astika sAMkhya mImAMsA zAstroMke pravartakoM ko bhI IzvarakI sattA tvIkAra karane meM zyaka gauravako pratIti hotI hai / vedako pramANa na mAnaneke kAraNa darzanakI gaNanA nAstika vicAra zAstroMmeM hai parantu karmmasiddhAnta, pu tapa, yoga, devAdi vigrahoMmeM vizvAsa jaisI kaI aisI bAteM haiM jo ulaTapherake sAtha bhAratIya Astika darzanoM tathA bauddha samAnarUpase sampatti haiM / ina sabakA udgama eka hai / Aryya jAtine mUla puruSoMse jo AdhyAtmika dAya pAyA thA usakI pahilI abhi upaniSadoMmeM huI / dezakAlake bhedase kiJcit naye paridhAna dhAraNa phira vahI vastu hamako mahAvIra aura gautamake dvArA prApta huI / anekAntavAda yA saptabhaGgI nyAya jaina darzanakA mukhya siddhAna pratyeka padArthake jo sAta 'anta' yA svarUpa jaina zAstroMmeM kahe haiM ThIka usI rUpase svIkAra karanemeM Apatti ho sakatI hai / kucha vidva sAta meM kuchako gauNa mAnate haiM / sAdhAraNa manuSyako yaha samajhane meM va hotI hai ki eka hI vastuke lie eka hI samayameM hai aura nahIM bAteM kaise kahI jA sakatI haiM / parantu kaThinAIke hote hue bhI vas to aisI hI hai / jo lekhanI mere hAthameM hai, vaha mez2apara nahIM hai baccekA astitva Aja hai usakA astitva kala nahIM thA / jo vastu rUpase hai vaha kursIrUpase nahIM hai / jo ghaTanA ekake lie bhUtakAlika dUsare ke lie vartamAnakI aura tIsareke lie bhaviSyatkI hai / akhaN padArtha bhale hI ekarasa aura aikAntika ho parantu pratIyamAna jaga sabhI vastue~, cAhe vaha kitanI bhI sUkSma kyoM na hoM, anaikAnti zaGkarAcAryyajIne isa bAtako svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai isalie unhoMne ko sat aura asatse vilakSaNa, athaca anirvacanIyA kahA hai / maiM sa nyAyako to bAlakI khAla nikAlaneke samAna AvazyakatAse adhika ba

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meM jAnA samajhA hU~ parantu anekAntavAdako grAhyatA svIkAra karatA hU~ / isIlie cidvilAsase maiMne mAyAko sat aura asat svarUpa, ataH anirvacanayA mAnA hai / 5 astu, saba loga ina praznoMkI gahirAImeM na bhI jAna cAheM taba bhI maiM AzA karatA hU~ ki isa subodha aura upAdeya pustakakA Adara hogA / aisI racanAe~ hamako eka dUsareke nikaTa lAtI haiN| aisA bhI koI samaya thA jaba 'hastinA pIDyamAno'pi na vizejjainamandiram' jaisI uktiyA~ nikalI thIM / jainoMmeM bhI isa jor3ako kahAvateM hoNgii| Aja vaha dina gaye / aba hameM dArzanika aura upAsanA sambandhI bAtoMmeM vaiSamya rakhate hue eka dUsareke prati sauhArda rakhanA haiM | apanI apanI rucike anusAra hama cAhe jisa sampradAya meM raheM parantu hamako yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA hai ki kapila, vyAsa, zaGkarAcAryya; buddha aura mahAvIra pratyeka bhAratIyake lie AdarAspada haiM / aura hamako niHzra yasake pathapara le jAnemeM samartha hai / vaizAkha zu0 1, 2005 } sampUrNAnanda

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lekhakake do zabda yoM to jainadharmakA sAhitya vipula hai, kintu usameM eka aisI pustakakI kamI thI jise par3hakara jana-sAdhAraNa jainadharmakA paricaya prApta kara ske| isa kamIko sabhI anubhava karate the| ujjainake seTha lAlacanda jo seThIne to aisI pustaka likhanevAleko apanI orase eka hajAra rupayA pAritoSika pradAna karanekI ghoSaNA bhI kara dI thii| mujhe bhI yaha kamI bahuta khaTaka rahI thii| ataH maiMne isa ora apanA dhyAna lagAyA, jisake phala svarUpa prastuta pustaka taiyAra ho skii| pratyeka dharmake do rUpa hote haiM-eka vicArAtmaka aura dUsarA AcArAtmaka / prathama rUpako darzana kahate haiM aura dUsareko dharma / darzanake abhyAsiyoMke liye donoM hI rUpoMko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| isaliye maiMne isa pustakameM jainadharmake vicAra aura AcArakA paricaya to karAyA hI hai, sAtha hI sAtha sAhitya, itihAsa, panthabheda, parva, tIrthakSetra Adi anya jAnane yogya bAtoMkA bhI paricaya diyA hai, jise par3hakara pratyeka pAThaka jainadharmake sabhI aMgoM aura upAMgoMkA sAdhAraNa jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai aura usake liye idhara udhara bhaTakanekI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| isa pustakameM jainadharmase sambandha rakhanevAle jina viSayoMkI carcA kI gaI hai, saba logoMko ve sabhI viSaya rucikara hoM yaha sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki'bhinnarucihi lokaH' / isIse vibhinna rucivAle logoMko apanI apanI rucike anukUla jainadharmakI jAnakArI prApta kara sakanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya vidvAnoMko prAyaH yaha eka Ama mAnyatA hai ki bhArata meM pracalita pratyeka dharmakA mUla upaniSada haiN| isa mAnyatAke mUlameM hameM to zraddhAmUlaka vicArasaraNikA hI prAdhAnya pratIta hotA hai| pustakake antameM jainadharmake sAtha itara dharmokI tulanA karate hue hamane ukta vicArasaraNikI

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AlocanA kI hai / tatvajijJAsuoMse hamArA anurodha hai ki isa vicAra - saraNi para naye sirese vicAra karake tattvakI samIkSA kareM / apanI vidvattA aura adhyayanazIlatAke kAraNa zrI sampUrNAnanda jI para merI gaharI AsthA hai / merI icchA thI ki vaha isa pustakakA prAkkathana likheM / maiMne bhAI pro0 khuzAlacandra se apanI yaha icchA vyakta kI aura saMyuktaprAntake maMtritvakA bhAra vahana karate hue bhI unhoMne hama logoMke anurodhakI rakSA kI / etadarthaM hama zrI sampUrNAnandajIke atyanta abhArI haiM / jina granthoM aura patra-patrikAoMke lekhoMse hameM isa pustakake likhane meM vizeSa sAhAyya milA hai una sabhI lekhakoMke bhI hama AbhArI haiM / unameM bhI prophesara glaijanapake jainadharmase hameM bar3I sahAyatA milI hai, usakA paryavekSaNa karake hI isa pustakakI viSaya-sUcI taiyAra kI gaI hai| zrI nAthUrAmajI premI ke 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' kA upayoga 'sampradAyapantha' likhanemeM vizeSa kiyA gayA hai| jaina hitaiSIke kisI purAne aMkameM jagatkartR tvake sambandha meM sva0 bA0 sUrajabhAnu vakIlakA eka lekha prakAzita huA thA / vaha mujhe bahuta pasanda AyA thA / prastuta pustaka meM 'yaha vizva aura usakI vyavasthA' usIke AdhArapara likhA gayA hai / ataH ukta sabhI sulekhakoMke hama AbhArI haiM / antameM pAThakoMse anurodha hai ki prastuta pustakake sambandhameM yadi ve koI sUcanA denA cAheM to avazya denekA kaSTa kreN| dUsare saMskaraNa meM unakA yathAsaMbhava upayoga kiyA jA sakegA / } zrutapaJcamI vI0 ni0 saM0 2474 kailAzacandra zAstrI

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dUsare saMskaraNake sambandhameM jaba maiMne 'jainadharma' pustakako likhakara samApta kiyA to mujhe svapnameM bhI yaha AzA nahIM thI ki isa pustakakA itanA samAdara hogA aura pahale saMskaraNake prakAzanake 6 mAha bAda hI dUsarA saMskaraNa prakAzita karanA hogaa| ___aneka patra-patrikAoM aura labdhapratiSTha vidvAnoMne muktakaNThase isakI prazaMsA kI hai| aise virale hI pAThaka haiM jinhoMne pustakako par3hakara pratyakSa yA parokSarUpameM usakI sarAhanA nahIM kI hai| ____kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya jaisI prakhyAta zikSA saMsthAne darzanazAstra viSayaka bI. e. (Anarsa ) ke parIkSArthiyoM ke adhyayana ke liye ise svIkRta kiyA hai / jaina kAlija bar3auta Adi aneka kAlijoM aura skUloMne jainadharmake adhyayanake liye ise pAThya-kramake rUpameM sthAna diyA hai| isa taraha zikSAke kSetrameM bhI prastuta pustakako yatheSTa sthAna aura khyAti milI hai| ujjanake sAhityapremI seTha lAlacanda jI seThIne 750) kA puraskAra dekara lekhakako puraskRta kiyA hai| ___aneka vidvAn pAThakoMne apane kucha upayogI sujhAva bhI diye haiN| unake anusAra isa saMskaraNa meM parivartana aura parivardhanake sAtha sAtha do naye prakaraNa bar3hAye gaye haiM-eka jainakalA aura purAtattvake sambandha meM aura dUsarA jainAcAryoM ke sambandhameM / tathA antameM jaina pAribhASika zabdoM kI eka sUcI bhI de dI gaI hai| prathama prakaraNake likhane meM muni zrI kAntisAgara jI se vizeSa sahayoga prApta huA hai| jina mahAnubhAvoMne ukta prakArase mere utsAha ko bar3hAyA hai maiM una sabhIkA AbhAra hRdayase svIkAra karatA huuN| Azvina-2006 } vinIta

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tIsare saMskaraNa ke sambandhameM 'jainadharma' kA tIsarA saMskaraNa upasthita hai| pichale eka varSase yaha pustaka aprApya thI / pAThakoM aura pustaka vikretAoMke takAjoMke sAtha ulAhane bhI Ate the / prakAzanakI sUcanA dete hI pustakakI mA~geM Ano zurU ho gaI aura vyagratA bhare patra Ane lage -- kabataka prakAzita hogI, aba to chapa gaI hogI, Adi / yaha saba isa bAtakA sUcaka hai ki pAThakoM ko yaha pustaka kitanI adhika priya hai / a0 bhA0 rAjapUta jaina saMghane eka sujhAva bhejA ki 'jainadharma - kSAtra dharma - vIradharma hai / aisA eka adhyAya jo sampUrNa kSatriya jAtike liye pUrNataH AkarSaka ho, jisase Ajake bhrAMta evaM patha - bhraSTa rAjapUta punaH satyake prakAzameM A sakeM, rakhA jAye, tathA pustakakA TAiTila - 'jainadharma ( kSAtradharma ) - bhAratakA sArvalaukika sanAtana satya Atma dharma' aisA rahe / tadanusAra isa saMskaraNa meM 'kucha jainavIra' zIrSaka eka nayA adhyAya jor3a diyA gayA hai| TAiTila badalanA kucha ja~cA nahIM, jainetara pAThakoMko usameM mithyA ahaMkArakI bU A sakatI thI / isa saMskaraNameM anya bhI kucha sudhAra kiye gaye haiM / itihAsa - bhAga ko punaH vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai aura usameM 'kAlAcUri rAjyameM jainadharma' aura 'vijayanagara rAjyameM jainadharma' do naye zIrSaka jor3e gaye haiM / vividha nAmaka prakaraNa ke pUrvabhAga ko usase alaga karake 'sAmAjika rUpa nAmase diyA gayA hai / tathA 'sthAnakavAsI sampradAya' aura 'mUrtipUjA virodhI terApantha sampradAya' ko phirase likhA gayA hai- kyoMki ukta sampradAyoM ke vyaktiyoM kI ora se kucha sujhAva prApta hue the / AzA hai pAThakoM ke liye yaha saMskaraNa aura bhI adhika lAbhaprada sAbita hogA / 1 phA0 kR0 11 2011 vinIta

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caturtha saMskaraNake sambandhameM jainadharmakA caturtha saMskaraNa pAThakoMke sAmane hai| isakA tIsarA saMskaraNa 1955 meM prakAzita huA thA, 11 varSa bItanepara yaha cauthA saMskaraNa prakAzita ho rahA hai| isake itihAsa vibhAgameM tathA vividhameM kucha vRddhi kI gaI hai| zeSa saba pUrvavat hai| isakA marAThI saMskaraNa jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA zolApurase prakAzita ho cukA hai| kanar3I saMskaraNa bhI taiyAra ho rahA hai| aMgrejI saMskaraNako AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki aMgrejImeM bhI isa prakArako pustakakI kamI hai| pustakako pRSTha saMkhyA pichale saMskaraNako apekSA bar3ha gaI hai / kAgaja aura chapAI vagairahakA bhAva bhI bahuta bar3ha gayA hai| phira bhI pracArako dRSTise mUlya purAnA hI rakhA gayA hai / AzA hai dharmapremI isase lAbha utthaaveNge| vI. ni. saM0 2492 ) bhadainI, vArANasI kailAzacandra zAstrI

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varNana viSaya-sUcI 1. itihAsa 1-64 | kaliMga cakravartI khAravela 36 1. Arambha kAla baMgAlameM jainadharma zrIRSabhadeva jainadharmake gujarAtameM jainadharma rAjapUtAnemeM jainadharma prathama tIrthaGkara madhyaprAntameM jainadharma bhAgavatameM RSabhadevakA uttarapradezameM jainadharma [ dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharma aitihAsika abhilekha gaMga-vaMza 2. zrIRSabha deva hoysala vaMza 3. jaina dharmake anya rASTrakUTa vaMza pravartaka kadamba vaMza bhagavAna neminAtha cAlukya vaMza bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kAlAcuri rAjyameM jainadharma 61 bhagavAna mahAvIra vijayanagara rAjyameM , 63] 4. bhagavAna mahAvIrake 2. siddhAnta 65-155 pazcAt 1. jainadharma kyA hai ? 65 [ bihAra meM jainadharma 27 / 2. anekAntavAda rAjA ceTaka syAdvAda rAjA zreNika 28 saptabhaMgI 3. dravya vyavasthA nandavaMza 31 / 4. jIva dravya maurya samrATa candragupta | 5. ajIva dravya " azoka pudgala dravya " samprati dharma-adharma dravya [ ur3IsAmeM jainadharma 36 / AkAza dravya ajAtazatru

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kAladravya 105 2 pratika 202 6. yaha vizva aura usakI 3 sAmAyiko vyavasthA 108 4 proSadhopavAsI 207 7. jaina dRSTise Izvara 119 5 sacittavirata 207 8. usakI upAsanA 125 6 divAmaithunavirata 6. sAta tatva 7 brahmacArI 206 10. karma siddhAnta 142 8 Arambhavirata 210 karma kA svarUpa 142 parigrahavirata 210 karma apanA phala kaise dete haiM 145 10 anumativirata 211 karmake bheda 148 11 uddiSTavirata karmoMkI aneka dazAe~ 152 sAdhaka zrAvaka 214 3. cAritra 156-246 6. zrAvaka dharma aura vizva kI samasyAe~ 217 1. sasArama duHkha kyA ha 155 7. munikA cAritra 225 2. muktikA mArga 162 sAdhuko dinacaryA 232 3. cAritra yA AcAra 166 8.guNasthAna 236 4. ahiMsA 171 9. mokSa yA siddhi __gRhasthakI ahiMsA 177 10. kyA jainadharma 5. zrAvakakA cAritra 183 nAstika hai 245 ahiMsANuvrata 184 4.jainasAhitya247-273 rAtribhojana aura jalagAlana 188 satyANuvrata 160 digambara sAhitya 248 acauryANuvrata zvetAmbara sAhitya 257 brahmacaryANuvrata 194 4. kucha prasiddha jainAcArya 263 parigraha parimANavata 165 gautama gaNadhara zrAvakake meda 118 bhadrabAhu 264 pAkSika zrAvaka 199 gharasena 264 [naiSThika zrAvaka 200 puSpadanta aura bhUtabali 264 1 darzanika 200 guNadhara 265 243 263

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13 kundakunda 266 267 samada 301 rror wrror 99.04. 270 311 312 265 / 3. sampradAya aura pantha 299 umAsvAmI [1 digambara sampradAya 299 samantabhadra 266 digambara sampradAyameM siddhasena saMghabheda devanandi 267 mUla saMghake gaNa gaccha pAtrakesarI evaM anvaya 304 305 akalaMka kASThA saMgha teraha pantha aura vIsapantha 307 vidyAnanda mANikyanandi tAraNapantha 308 [ 2 zvetAmbara sampradAya 306 anantavIrya 266 vIrasena zvetAmbara caityavAsI jinasena mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbaroMke 270 gaccha prabhAcandra 271 sthAnakavAsI 314 vAdirAja 271 mUrtipUjA-virodhI niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu 272 terApantha mallavAdI 272 yApanIya saMgha 317 jinabhadra gaNi kUrcaka saMgha 318 haribhadra arddhasphAlaka sampradAya 316 abhayadeva 273 hemacandra 7. vividha 321-381 yazovijaya 1. kucha jainavIra 321 5. jainakalA aura rAjA ceTaka 322 purAtatva 274-284 , udayana samrATa candragupta citrakalA 274 khAravela 322 mUrtikalA kumArapAla 323 sthApatyakalA 278 mArasiMha 6.sAmAjikarUpa 285-320 cAmuNDarAya 1. jaina saMgha gaMgarAja 324 2. saMgha bheda 289 kalacUri rAjA 272 272 276 273 mr mr mr 322 322 mr 277 mr 323 r 323 mr 285 mm

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amogha varSa vacchAvata saradAra dhanarAja janarala indrarAja vastupAla tejapAla senApati AbhU jayapurake dIvAna 1. jaina parva dazalakSaNa parva aSTAnhikA parva mahAvIra jayantI vIrazAsana jayantI zruta paMcamI dIpAvalI rakSAbandhana 2. tIrtha kSetra bihAra pradeza uttara pradeza bundelakhaNDa va madhyaprAnta rAjapUtAnA va mAlavA gujarAta tathA mahArASTra prAnta maisUra prAnta ur3IsA prAnta 327 327 327 328 328 328 326 330 330 332 332 332 333 334 337 340 341 343 346 351 14 4. jainadharma aura itaradharma 360 1. jainadharma aura hindUdharma vaidika sAhityakA kramika vikAsa vedoMkA pradhAna viSaya brAhmaNa sAhitya AraNyaka upaniSada upaniSadoMkI zikSA jainadharmakA AdhAra nahIM hai sara rAdhAkRSNanke matakI AlocanA bhAratIya dharmomeM AdAna pradAna hindU dharma aura jainadharmameM antara 2. jainadharma aura bauddha dharma donoMmeM samAnatA donoMmeM bheda 361 361 363 363 364 364 365 367 371 376 377 377 378 354 3. jainadharma aura musalamAna 357 dharma 376 360 | 8. jaina sUktiyA~ 382-387

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jainadharma

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C0000 000 0000000 0000000000000000000000000 jainoMkA mUla maMtra Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AiriyANaM / 6 Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savva sAhUNaM // * eso paMca NamukkAro, savva paavppnnaasnno| * maMgalANaM ca savvesiM, paDhamaM havai maMgalaM // : 0 arhantoko namaskAra, siddhoMko namaskAra, AcAryoM0 ko namaskAra, upAdhyAyoMko namaskAra, lokake saba sAdhu0 oMko nmskaar| yaha paMca namaskAra maMtra saba pApoMkA * nAza karanevAlA hai / aura saba maMgalomeM Adya maMgala hai| 6000000000000000 &0000000000000000000000000

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jaina dharma 2. itihAsa 1. Arambha kAla eka samaya thA jaba jainadharmako bauddhadharmakI zAkhA samajha liyA gayA thaa| kintu aba vaha bhrAnti dUra ho cukI hai aura naI khojoMke phalasvarUpa yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki jainadharma bauddhadharmase na kevala eka pRthak aura svatantra dharma hai kintu usase bahuta prAcIna bhI hai| aba antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAna mahAvIrako jainadharmakA saMsthApaka nahIM mAnA jAtA aura unase aDhAI sau varSa pahale honevAle bhagavAna pArzvanAthako eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| isa taraha aba 1 isa bhrAntiko dUra karanekA zreya sva0 DA0 harmAna yAkobIko prApta hai| unhoMne apanI jainasUtroMkI prastAvanAmeM isapara vistRta vicAra kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM-"isa bAtase aba saba sahamata haiM ki nAtaputta, jo mahAvIra athavA vardhamAnake nAmase prasiddha haiM, buddhake samakAlIna the| bauddha-granthoMmeM milanevAle ullekha hamAre isa vicArako dRr3ha karate haiM ki nAtaputtase pahale bhI nirgranthoMkA, jo Aja jaina athavA AItake nAmase adhika prasiddha haiM, astitva thaa| jaba bauddhadharma utpanna huA taba nirgranthoMkA sampradAya eka bar3e sampradAyake rUpameM ginA jAtA hogaa| bauddha piTakoMmeM kucha nigranthoMkA buddha aura usake ziSyoMke virodhIke rUpameM aura kuchakA buddha ke anuyAyI bana jAneke rUpameM varNana AtA hai| usake Uparase hama ukta bAtakA anumAna kara sakate haiM / isake viparIta ina granthoMmeM kisI bhI sthAnapara aisA koI ullekha yA sUcaka vAkya dekhane meM nahIM AtA ki nirgranthoMkA sampradAya eka navIna sampradAya hai aura nAtaputta usake saMsthApaka haiM / isake Uparase hama anumAna kara sakate haiM ki

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jainadharma jainadharmakA ArambhakAla' sunizcita rItise IsvI san se 800 varSa pUrva mAna liyA gayA hai| kintu jahA~ aba kucha vidvAna bhagavAna pArzvanAthako jainadharmakA saMsthApaka mAnate haiM vahA~ kucha vidvAna aise bhI haiM jo usase pahale bhI jainadharmakA astitva mAnate haiN| udAharaNake lie pramiddha jarmana vidvAn sva0 DA0 harmana yAkobI aura prasiddha bhAratIya dArzanika sara rAdhAkRSNana kA mata ullekhanIya hai| DA0 yAkobI likhate haiM__ 'isameM koI bhI sabUta nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha jainadharmake saMsthApaka the| jaina paramparA prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadevako jainadharmakA saMsthApaka mAnanemeM eka mata hai| isa mAnyatAmeM aitihAsika satyakI saMbhAvanA hai|' buddhake janmase pahale atiprAcIna kAlase nirgranthoMkA astitva calA AtA hai|" 1 uttarAdhyayana sUtrake prAkkathanameM DA0 cArpenTara likhate haiM-"hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki jainadharma bha0 mahAvIrase prAcIna hai aura mahAvIra ke AdaraNIya pUrvaja pArzvanAtha nizcita rUpase eka vAstavika vyaktike rUpameM vartamAna the| ataH jainadharmake mUla siddhAnta bha0 mahAvIrase bahuta pahale nirdhArita ho cuke the| vivalogrAphiyA jainakI prastAvanAmeM, DA0 gairInATa likhate haiM-isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha eka aitihAsika vyakti the| jaina mAnyatAke anusAra ve sau varSa taka jIvita rahe aura mahAvIrase 250 varSa pUrva nirvANako prApta hue| ataH unakA kAryakAla IsvI sanse 800 varSa pUrva thaa| mahAvIrake mAtA-pitA pArzvanAthake dharmako mAnate the|" P 'There is nothing to prove that Parshva was the founder of Jainism. Jain tradition is unanimous in making Rishabha the first Tirthankara (as its founder) there may be something historical in the tradition which makes him the first Tirthankara.-Indian Antiquary Vol. TP. 163.

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itihAsa DA0 sara rAdhAkRSNan kucha vizeSa jora dekara likhate haiM* 'jaina paramparA RSabhadevase apane dharmakI utpatti honekA kathana karatI hai, jo bahutasI zatAbdiyoM pUrva hue haiN| isa bAtake pramANa pAye jAte haiM ki IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdImeM prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadevakI pUjA hotI thii| isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki jainadharma vardhamAna aura pArzvanAthase bhI pahale pracalita thaa| yajurvedameM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrthaGkaroMke nAmoMkA nirdeza hai| bhAgavata purANa bhI isa bAtakA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jainadharmake saMsthApaka the|' ukta do matoMse yaha bAta nirvivAda ho jAtI hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha bhI jainadharmake saMsthApaka nahIM the aura unase pahale bhI jainadharma pracalita thaa| tathA jaina paramparA zrIRSabhadevako apanA prathama tIrthaGkara mAnatI hai aura jainetara sAhitya tathA upalabdha aitihAsika sAmagrIse bhI isa bAtakI puSTi hotI hai| nIce inhIM bAtoMko spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai / jaina-paramparA jaina paramparAke anusAra hamAre isa dRzyamAna jagatameM kAlakA cakra sadA ghUmA karatA hai| yadyapi kAlakA pravAha anAdi aura ananta hai tathApi usa kAlacakrake cha vibhAga haiM-1 atisukharUpa, 1 'There is evidence to sho.i' that so far back as the first century B. C. there were people who were worship. ping Rishabhadeva, the first Tirthankara. There is no doubt that Jainism prevailed even before Vardhamana or Parsvanath. The Yajurveda mentions the names of three tirthankaras-Rishabha, Ajitanath and Aristanemi. The Bhagavata Puran endorses the view that Rishabha was the founder of Jainism.'-Indian Philosophy. Vol. I. P. 287.

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jainadharma 2 sukharUpa, 3 sukha-duHkharUpa, 4 duHkhasukharUpa, 5 duHkharUpa aura 6 atiduHkhruup| jaise calatI huI gADIke cakrakA pratyeka bhAga nIcese Upara aura Uparase nIce jAtA AtA hai vaise hI ye cha bhAga bhI kramavAra sadA ghUmate rahate haiN| arthAt eka bAra jagat sukhase duHkhakI ora jAtA hai to dUsarI bAra duHkhase sukhakI ora bar3hatA hai| sukhase duHkhakI ora jAneko avasarpiNIkAla yA avanatikAla kahate haiM aura duHkhase sukhakI ora jAneko utsarpiNIkAla yA vikAsakAla kahate haiN| ina donoM kAloMkI avadhi lAkhoM karor3oM varSoMse bhI adhika hai| pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNIkAlake duHkhasukharUpa bhAgameM 24 tIrthaGkaroMkA janma hotA hai, jo 'jina' avasthAko prApta karake jainadharmakA upadeza dete haiN| isa samaya avasarpiNIkAla cAlU hai| usake prArambhake cAra vibhAga bIta cuke haiM aura aba hama usake pA~caveM vibhAgameMse gujara rahe haiN| cU~ki cauthe vibhAgakA anta ho cukA, isaliye isa kAlameM aba koI tIrthaGkara nahIM hogaa| isa yugake 24 tIrthaGkaroMmeMse bhagavAna RSabhadeva prathama tIrthaGkara the aura bhagavAna mahAvIra antima tIrthakara the| tIsare kAlavibhAgameM jaba tIna varSa 8 // mAha zeSa rahe taba RSabhadevakA nirvANa huA aura cauthe kAlavibhAgameM jaba utanA hI kAla zeSa rahA taba mahAvIrakA nirvANa huaa| donoMkA antarakAla eka koTA-koTI sAgara batalAyA jAtA hai| isa taraha jaina paramparAke anusAra isa yugameM jainadharmake prathama pravartaka bhagavAna RSabhadeva the| prAcInase prAcIna jainazAstra isa viSayameM eka mata haiM aura unameM RSabhadevakA jIvana-caritra bahuta vistArase varNita hai| jainetara sAhitya jainetara sAhityameM zrImadbhAgavatakA nAma ullekhanIya hai| isake pA~caveM skandhake, adhyAya 2-6 meM RSabhadevakA sundara

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itihAsa varNana hai, jo jaina sAhityake varNanase kucha aMzameM milatA-julatA huA bhI hai / usameM likhA hai kI jaba brahmAne dekhA ki manuSyasaMkhyA nahIM bar3hI to usane svayaMbhU manu aura satyarUpAko utpanna kiyA | unake 'priyavrata nAmakA lar3akA huA / priyavratakA putra agnIdha huA / agnIdhra ke ghara nAbhine janma liyA / nAbhine marudevIse vivAha kayA aura unase RSabhadeva utpanna hue / RSabhadevane indrake dvArA dI gaI jayantI nAmakI bhAryAse sau putra utpanna kiye, aura bar3e putra bharatakA rAjyAbhiSeka karake saMnyAsa le liyA / usa samaya kevala zarIramAtra unake pAsa thA aura ve digaMbara veSa meM nagna vicaraNa karate the / maunase rahate the, koI DarAye, mAre, Upara thUke, patthara pheMke, mUtraviSThA pheMke to ina sabakI ora dhyAna nahIM dete the / yaha zarIra asat padArthoMkA ghara hai aisA samajhakara ahaMkAra mamakArakA tyAga karake akele bhramaNa karate the| unakA kAmadevake samAna sundara zarIra malina ho gayA thaa| unakA kriyAkarma bar3A bhayAnaka ho gayA zarIrAdikakA sukha chor3akara unhoMne 'Ajagara' vrata le liyA thA / isa prakAra kaivalyapati bhagavAna RSabhadeva nirantara parama AnandakA anubhava karate hue bhramaNa karate karate kauMka, baiMka, kuTaka, dakSiNa karnATaka dezoMmeM apanI icchAse pahu~ce, aura kuTakAcala parvatake upavana meM unmattakI nAI nagna hokara vicarane lage / jaMgalameM bA~soMkI ragar3ase Aga laga gaI aura unhoMne usImeM praveza karake apaneko bhasma kara diyA / ' isa taraha RSabhadevakA varNana karake bhAgavatakAra Age likhate haiM- ''ina RSabhadevake caritrako sunakara koMka baiMka 1 " yasya kilAnucaritamupAkarNya korvakuTakAnAM rAjA ahaMnAmopazikSya kalAvadharma utkRSyamANe bhavitavyena vimohitaH svadharmapathamakutobhayapahAya kupathapAkhaNDamasamaMjasaM nijamanISayA mandaH sampravartayiSyate // 9 // yena bAva kalau manujApasadA devamAyA mohitAH svavidhiniyogazauca cAritra

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jainadharma kuTaka dezoMkA rAjA arhana unhoMke 'upadezako lekara kaliyugameM jaba adharma bahuta ho jAyagA taba svadharmako chor3akara kupatha pAkhaMDa (jainadharma) kA pravartana kregaa| tuccha manuSya mAyAse vimohita hokara, zauca AcArako chor3akara IzvarakI avajJA karanevAle vrata dhAraNa kreNge| na snAna, na Acamana, brahma, brAhmaNa, yajJa sabake nindaka aise puruSa hoMge aura veda-viruddha AcaraNakarake narakameM gireNge| yaha RSabhAvatAra rajoguNase vyApta manuSyoMko mokSamArga sikhalAneke liye huaa| zrImadbhAgavatake ukta kathanase yadi usa aMzako nikAla diyA jAye, jo ki dhArmika virodhake kAraNa likhA gayA hai to usase barAbara yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki RSabhadevane hI jainadharma kA upadeza diyA thA kyoMki jaina tIrthakara hI kevalajJAnako prApta kara lene para 'jina' 'arhat' Adi nAmoMse pukAre jAte haiM aura usI avasthAmeM ve dharmopadeza karate haiM jo ki unakI usa avasthAke nAma para jainadharma yA Arhata dharma kahalAtA hai / sambhavataH dakSiNameM jainadharmakA adhika pracAra dekha kara bhAgavatakArane ukta kalpanA kara DAlI hai| yadi ve sIce RSabhadevase hI jainadharmakI utpatti batalA dete to phira unheM jainadharmako burA bhalA kahanekA avasara nahIM miltaa| astu, zrImadbhAgavatameM RSabhadevajI ke dvArA unake putroMko jo upadeza diyA gayA hai vaha bhI bahuta aMzameM jainadharmake anukUla hI hai / usakA sAra nimna prakAra hai (1) he putro! manuSyalokameM zarIradhAriyoMke bIcameM yaha vihInA devahelanAnyapavratAni nijecchayA gRhlAnA asnAnAcamanazaucakezolluMcanAdIni kalinA'dharmabahulenopahatadhiyo brahma-brAhmaNa-yajJa-puruSalokabidUSakAHprAyeNa bhaviSyanti // 10 // te ca svahyaktinayA nijalokayAtrayA:ndhaparamparayA zvastAH tamasyandhe svayameva patiSyanti / ayamavatAro rajasopaplutakaivalyopazikSaNArthaH // " ska0 5, a06 /

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itihAsa zarIra kaSTadAyaka hai, bhogane yogya nahIM hai / ataH divya tapa karo, jisase ananta sukhakI prApti hotI hai| (2) jo koI merese prIti karatA hai, viSayI janoMse, strIse, putrase aura mitrase prIti nahIM karatA, tathA lokameM prayojanamAtra Asakti karatA hai vaha samadarzI prazAnta aura sAdhu hai| _(3) jo indriyoMkI tRptike liye parizrama karatA hai use hama acchA nahIM mAnate; kyoMkiyaha zarIra bhI AtmAko klezadAyI hai| (4) jaba taka sAdhU Atmatattvako nahIM jAnatA taba taka vaha ajJAnI hai| jaba taka yaha jIva karmakANDa karatA rahatA hai taba taka saba kokA zarIra aura mana dvArA AtmAse bandha hotA rahatA hai| (5) guNoMke anusAra ceSTA na honese vidvAn pramAdI ho, ajJAnI bana kara, maithunasukhapradhAna gharameM vasakara aneka saMtApoMko prApta hotA hai| (6) puruSakA strIke prati jo kAmabhAva hai yahI hRdayakI pranthi hai / isIse jIvako ghara, kheta, putra, kuTumba aura dhanase moha hotA hai| (7) jaba hRdayakI granthiko banAye rakhanevAle manakA bandhana zithila ho jAtA hai taba yaha jIva saMsArase chUTatA hai aura mukta hokara paramalokako prApta hotA hai| (8) jaba sAra-asArakA bheda karAnevAlI va ajJAnAndhakArakA nAza karanevAlI merI bhakti karatA hai aura tRSNA, sukha duHkhakA tyAga kara tatvako jAnanekI icchA karatA hai, tathA tapake dvarA saba prakArakI ceSTAoM kI nivRtti karatA hai taba mukta hotA hai| (9) jIvoMko jo viSayoMkI cAha hai yaha cAha hI andhakUpake samAna narakameM jIvako paTakatI hai| (10) atyanta kAmanAvAlA tathA naSTa dRSTivAlA yaha jagata apane kalyANake hetuoMko nahIM jAnatA hai|

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jainadharma cahA (11) jo kubuddhi sumArga chor3a kumArgameM calatA hai use dayAlu vidvAna kumArgameM kabhI bhI nahIM calane detaa|| (12) he putro ! saba sthAvara jaMgama jIvamAtrako mere hI samAna samajhakara bhAvanA karanA yogya hai| ye sabhI upadeza jainadharmake anusAra haiN| inameM nambara 4 kA upadeza to khAsa dhyAna dene yogya hai, jo karmakANDako bandhakA kAraNa batalAtA hai| jainadharmake anusAra mana, vacana aura kAyakA nirodha kiye binA karmabandhanase chuTakArA nahIM mila sktaa| kintu vaidika dharmoM meM yaha bAta nahIM pAI jaatii| zarIrake prati nirmamatva honA, tattvajJAna pUrvaka tapa karanA, jIvamAtrako apane samAna samajhanA, kAmavAsanAke phande meM na phaMsanA, ye saba to vastutaH jainadharma hI hai| ataH zrImadbhAgavatake anusAra bhI zrIRSabhadevase hI jainadharmakA udgama huA aisA spaSTa dhvanita hotA hai| anya hindU purANoMmeM bhI jainadharmakI utpattike sambandhameM prAyaH isI prakArakA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| aisA eka bhI grantha abhI taka dekhanemeM nahIM AyA, jisameM vardhamAna yA pArzvanAthase jainadharmakI utpatti batalAI gaI ho| yadyapi upalabdha purANasAhitya prAyaH mahAvIrake bAdakA hI hai, phira bhI usameM jainadharmakI carcA hote hue bhI mahAvIra yA pArzvanAthakA nAma taka nahIM pAyA jaataa| isase bhI isI bAtakI puSTi hotI hai ki hindU paramparA bhI isa viSayameM eka mata hai ki jainadharmake saMsthApaka ye donoM nahIM hai| ___isake sivA hama yaha dekhate haiM ki hindU dharmake avatAroMmeM anya bhAratIya dharmoM ke pUjya puruSa bhI sammilita kara liye gaye haiM, yahA~ taka ki IsvI pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM honevAle buddhako bhI usameM sammilita kara liyA gayA hai jo bauddhadharmake saMsthApaka the| kintu unhIMke samakAlIna vardhamAna yA mahAvIrako usameM sammilita nahIM kiyA hai, kyoMki ve jainadharmake saMsthApaka nahIM the| jinheM hindU paramparA jainadharmakA saMsthApaka mAnatI thI ke

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jgh| itihAsa zrIRSabhadeva pahalese hI AThaveM avatAra mAne hue the| yadi zrIbuddhakI taraha mahAvIra bhI eka naye dharmake saMsthApaka hote to yaha saMbhava nahIM thA ki unheM chor3a diyA jaataa| ataH unake sammilita na karane aura RSabhadevake AThaveM avatAra mAne jAnese bhI isa bAtakA samarthana hotA hai ki hindU paramparAmeM ati prAcInakAlase RSabhadevako hI jainadharmake saMsthApakake rUpameM mAnA jAtA hai| yahI vajaha hai jo unake bAda meM honevAle ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi nAmake tIrthaGkaroMkA nirdeza yajurvedameM milatA hai| aitihAsika sAmagrI isa prakAra jaina aura jainetara sAhityase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI jainadharmake Adya pravartaka the / prAcIna zilAlekhoMse bhI yaha bAta pramANita hai ki zrIRSabhadeva jainadharmake prathama tIrthaGkara the aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM bhI RSabhadevakI mUrtiyoMkI pUjA jaina loga karate the| mathurAke kaGkAlI nAmaka TIlekI khudAI meM DAkTara phUhararako jo jaina zilAlekha prApta hue ve karIba do hajAra varSa prAcIna haiM, aura unapara inDosithiyana ( Indc-sythian ) rAjA kaniSka huviSka aura vAsudevakA samvat hai| usameM bhagavAna RpabhadevakI pUjAke liye dAna denekA ullekha hai| ___ zrIviMseNTa' e0 smithakA kahanA hai ki 'mathurAse prApta sAmagrI likhita jaina paramparAke samarthanameM vistRta prakAza 8. "The discoveries liave to a very large extent supplicd corroboration to ile written Jain tradition and they offer tangible in controvertible proof of the antiquity of the Jain religion and of its carly cxistence very much in its present form. The serics of twentyfour pontiffs (Tirthankaras ), each with his distinctive emblem, was evidently firmly believed in at the beginning of the Christian era.-TheJain Stupa..Mathura Intro. P.6.

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jainadharma DAlatI hai aura jainadharmakI prAcInatAke viSayameM akATya pramANa upasthita karatI hai| tathA yaha batalAtI hai ki prAcIna samayameM bhI vaha apane isI rUpameM maujUda thaa| IsvI san ke prArambhameM bhI apane vizeSa cihnoMke sAtha caubIsa tIrthaGkaroMkI mAnyatAmeM dRr3ha vizvAsa thaa'| ___ ina zilAlekhoMse bhI prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa zilAlekha khaNDagiri udayagiri (ur3IsA) kI hAthI guphAse prApta huA hai jo jaina samrATa khAravelane likhAyA thaa| isa 2100 varSake prAcIna jaina zilAlekhase spaSTa patA calatA hai ki magadhAdhipati puSyamitrakA pUrvAdhikArI rAjA nanda kaliMga jItakara bhagavAna zrIRSabhadevakI mUrti, jo kaliMgarAjAoMkI kulakramAgata bahumUlya asthAvara sampatti thI, jayacihna svarUpa le gayA thaa| vaha pratimA khAravelane nandarAjAke tIna sau varSa bAda puSyamitrase prApta kii| jaba khAravelane magadhapara car3hAI kI aura use jIta liyA to magadhAdhipati puSyamitrane khAravelako vaha pratimA lauTAkara rAjI kara liyaa| yadi jainadharmakA Arambha bhagavAna mahAvIra yA bhagavAna pArzvanAthake dvArA huA hotA to unase kucha hI samaya bAdakI yA unake samayakI pratimA unhoMkI hotii| parantu jaba aise prAcIna zilAlekhameM Adi tIrthaGkarakI pratimAkA spaSTa aura prAmANika ullekha itihAsake sAtha milatA hai to mAnanA par3atA hai ki zrIRSabhadevake prathama jaina tIrthaGkara honekI mAnyatAmeM tathya avazya hai| ___ aba prazna yaha hai ki ve kaba hue ? Upara batalAyA gayA hai ki jaina paramparAke anusAra prathama jaina tIrthaGkara zrIRSabhadeva isa avasarpiNIkAlake tIsare bhAgameM hue, aura aba usa kAlakA pA~cavA~ bhAga cala rahA hai ataH unheM hue lAkhoM karor3oM varSa ho gye| hindU paramparAke anusAra bhI jaba brahmAne sRSTike Arambha meM svayaMbhU manu aura satyarUpAko utpanna kiyA to RSabhadeva unase pA~cavI pIr3hImeM hue| aura isa

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itihAsa taraha ve prathama satayugake antameM hue / tathA aba taka 28 satayuga bIta gaye haiN| isase bhI unake samayakI sudIrghatAkA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ataH jainadharmakA ArambhakAla bahuta prAcIna hai| bhAratavarSa meM jaba AryoMkA Agamana huA usa samaya bhAratameM jo dravir3a sabhyatA phailI huI thI, vastutaH vaha jaina sabhyatA hI thii| isIse jaina paramparAmeM bAdako jo saMgha kAyama hue unameM eka dravir3asaMgha bhI thaa| 2. RSabhadeva kAlake ukta cha bhAgoMmeM se pahale aura dUsare bhAgameM na koI dharma hotA hai, na koI rAjA aura na koI samAja / eka parivArameM pati aura patnI ye do hI prANI hote haiN| pAsameM lage vRkSoMse, jo kalpavRkSa kahe jAte haiM unheM apane jIvana ke liye Avazyaka padArtha prApta ho jAte haiM, usImeM ve prasanna rahate haiN| marate samaya eka putra aura eka putrIko janma dekara ve donoM cala basate haiN| donoM bAlaka apanA-apanA aMgUThA cUsakara bar3e hote haiM aura bar3e honepara pati aura patnI rUpase rahane lagate haiN| tIsare kAlakA bahubhAga bItane taka yahI krama rahatA hai aura ise bhoga-bhUmikAla kahA jAtA hai-; kyoMki usa samayake manuSyoMkA jIvana bhogapradhAna rahatA hai| unheM apane jIvana-nirvAhake liye kucha bhI udyoga nahIM karanA pdd'taa| kintu isake bAda parivartana prArambha hotA hai| dhIre-dhIre una vRkSoMse AvazyakatAkI pUrtike lAyaka sAmAna milanA kaThina ho jAtA hai aura parasparameM jhagar3e hone lagate haiN| tava caudaha manuoMkI utpatti hotI hai| unameMse pA~cavA~ manu vRkSoMkI sImA nirdhArita kara detA hai| jaba sImA para bhI jhagar3A hone lagatA hai to chaThavA~ manu sImAke sthAnapara 1. mejara janarala je. sI. Ara. pharlAga mahodaya apanI The Short Study in Science of Comparative Religion nAmakI pustakameM likhate haiM-'IsAse agaNita varSa pahalese jainadharma bhAratameM phailA huA thaa| Arya loga jaba madhya bhArata meM Aye taba yahA~ jaina loga maujUda the|

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jainadharma cihna banA detA hai| taba taka pazuoMse kAma lenA koI nahIM jAnatA thA aura na usakI koI AvazyakatA thii| kintu aba Avazyaka honepara sAtavA~ manu ghor3oMpara car3hanA vagairaha sikhAtA hai| pahale mAtA pitA santAnako janma dekara mara jAte the| kintu aba aisA honA banda ho gayA to Ageke manu baccoMke lAlana-pAlana AdikA zikSaNa dete haiN| idhara-udhara jAnekA kAma par3anepara rAstemeM nadiyA~ par3a jAtI thoM, unheM pAra karanA koI nahIM jAnatA thaa| taba bArahavA~ manu pula, nAva vagairahake dvArA nadI pAra karanekI zikSA detA hai| ___pahale koI aparAdha hI nahIM karatA thA, ataH daNDavyavasthAkI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI thii| kintu jaba manuSyoMkI AvazyakatA pUrtimeM bAdhA par3ane lagI to manuSyoMmeM aparAdha karanekI pravRtti bhI zurU ho gii| ataH daNDavyavasthAkI AvazyakatA huii| prathamake pA~ca manuoMke samayameM kevala 'hA' kaha denA hI aparAdhIke liye kAphI hotA thaa| vAdako jaba itanese kAma nahIM calA to 'hA', aba aisA kAma mata karanA' yaha daNDa nirdhArita karanA pdd'aa| kintu jaba itanese bhI kAma nahIM calA to antake pA~ca kulakaroMke samayameM 'dhikkAra' pada aura jor3A gyaa| isa taraha caudaha manuoMne manuSyoMkI kaThinAiyoMko dUra karake sAmAjika vyavasthAkA sUtrapAta kiyaa| caudahaveM manukA nAma nAbhirAya thaa| inake samayameM utpanna hone vAle baccoMkA nAbhinAla atyanta lambA hone lagA to inhoMne usako kATanA btlaayaa| isIliye isakA nAma nAbhi pdd'aa| inakI patnIkA nAma marudevI thaa| inase zrIRSabhadevakA janma. huaa| yahI RSabhadeva isa yugameM jainadharmake Adya prarvataka hue| inake samayameM hI grAma nagara Adiko suvyavasthA huI' inhoMne 1. 'puragAmapaTTaNAdI loyiyasatthaM ca loyvvhaaro| dhammo vi dayAmUlo viNimmiyo AdibahmaNa // 802 // ', -tri0 sA0 /

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itihAsa 13 hI laukika zAstra aura lokavyavahArakI zikSA dI aura inhoMne hI usa dharmakI sthApanA kI jisakA mUla ahiMsA hai / isIliye inheM Adi brahmA bhI kahA gayA hai / jisa samaya ye garbha meM the, usa samaya devatAoMne svarNakI vRSTi kI isaliye inheM 'hiraNyagarbha" bhI kahate haiN| inake samayameM prajAke sAmane jIvanakI samasyA vikaTa ho gaI thI, kyoMki jina vRkSoMse loga apanA jIvana nirvAha karate Aye the ve lupta ho cuke the aura jo naI vanaspatiyA~ pRthvImeM ugI thIM, unakA upayoga karanA nahIM jAnate the| taba inhoMne unheM uge hue ikSu-daNDoM se rasa nikAla kara khAnA sikhalAyA / isaliye inakA vaMza ikSvAkuvaMza ke nAmase prasiddha huA, aura ye usake Adi puruSa kahalAye / tathA prajAko kRSi, asi, maSI, zilpa, vANijya aura vidyA ina paTakarmoMse AjIvikA karanA batalAyA / isaliye inheM prajApati bhI kahA jAtA hai / sAmAjika vyavasthAko calAneke liye inhoMne tIna vargo kI sthApanA kii| jinako rakSAkA bhAra diyA gayA ve kSatriya kahalAye / jinheM khetI, vyApAra, gopAlana Adi ke kArya meM niyukta kiyA gayA ve vaizya kahalAye / aura jo sevAvRtti karane ke yogya samajhe gaye unheM zUdra nAma diyA gayA / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke do patniyA~ thIM - eka kA nAma sunandA thA aura dUsarIkA nandA | inase unake sau putra aura do putriyA~ huI / bar3e putrakA nAma bharata thA / yahI bharata isa yugameM bhAratavarSake prathama cakravartI rAjA hue / 1 'hiraNyavRSTiriSTAbhUd garbhasthe'pi yatastvayi / hiraNyagarbha ityuccairgIrvANairgIyase tvataH // 206 // AkantIkSurasaM prItyA bAhulyena tvayi prabho / prajAH prabho yatastasmAdikSvAkuriti kIrtyase // 210 // ' 20 pu0 sa0 8, / - hari0 2 'prajApatiryaH prathamaM jijIviSuH zazAsa kRSyAdisu karmasu prajAH ' -svayaM0 sto0

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14 jainadharma eka dina bhagavAna RSabhadeva rAjasiMhAsanapara virAjamAna the / rAjasabhA lagI huI thI aura nIlAMjanA nAmakI apsarA nRtya kara rahI thI / acAnaka nRtya karate karate nIlAJjanAkA zarIrapAta ho gayA / isa Akasmika ghaTanAse bhagavAnakA citta virakta ho uThA / turanta sava putroMko rAjyabhAra sauMpa kara unhoMne pravrajyA le lI aura cha mAhakI samAdhi lagAkara khar3e ho gaye / unakI dekhAdekhI aura bhI aneka rAjAoMne dIkSA lii| kintu ve bhUkha pyAsake kaSTako na saha sake aura bhraSTa ho gaye / cha mAha ke bAda jaba bhagavAnakI samAdhi bhaMga huI to AhArake liye unhoMne bihAra kiyA / unake prazAnta nagna rUpako dekhaneke liye prajA umar3a pdd'ii| koI unheM vastra bheMTa karatA thA, koI bhUSaNa bheMTa karatA thA, koI hAthI ghor3e lekara unakI sevAmeM upasthita hotA thA / kintu unako bhikSA denekI vidhi koI nahIM jAnatA thA / isa taraha ghUmate-ghUmate 6 mAha aura bIta gaye / isI taraha ghUmate-ghUmate eka dina RSabhadeva hastinApura meM jA pahu~ce / vahA~kA rAjA zreyAMsa bar3A dAnI thA / usane bhagabAnakA bar3A Adara satkAra kiyA / AdarapUrvaka bhagavAnako pratigraha karake uccAsanapara baiThAyA, unake caraNa dhoye, pUjana kI aura phira namaskAra karake bolA- bhagavan ? yaha ikSurasa prAsuka hai, nirdoSa hai ise Apa svIkAra kreN| taba bhagavAnane khar3e hokara apanI aJjalimeM rasa lekara piyA / usa samaya logoM ko jo Ananda huA vaha varNanAtIta hai / bhagavAnakA yaha AhAra vaizAkha zuklA tIjake dina huA thA / isIse yaha tithi 'akSaya tRtIyA' kahalAtI hai / AhAra karake bhagavAna phira vanako cale gaye aura Atma dhyAnameM lIna ho gaye / eka bAra bhagavAna 'purimatAla' nagarake udyAnameM dhyAnastha the / usa samaya unheM kevalajJAnakI prApti huI / isa taraha 'jina' pada prApta karake bhagavAna bar3e bhArI samudAyake sAtha dharmopadeza dete hue vicaraNa karane lage / unakI vyAkhyAna sabhA 'samavasaraNa' kahalAtI thI /

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itihAsa 15 usakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha thI ki usameM pazuoM takako dharmopadeza sunaneke liye sthAna milatA thA aura siMha jaise bhayAnaka jantu zAntike sAtha baiThakara dharmopadeza sunate the| bhagavAna jo kucha kahate the sabakI samajhameM A jAtA thaa| isa taraha jIvanaparyanta prANimAtrako unake hitakA upadeza dekara bhagavAna RSabhadeva kailAsa parvatase mukta hue| ve jainadharmake prathama tIrthaGkara the| hindU purANoMmeM bhI unakA varNana milatA hai| isa yugameM unake dvArA hI jainadharmakA Arambha huaa| 3. jainadharma ke anya pravartaka bhagavAna RSabhadevake pazcAt jainadharmake pravartaka 23 tIrthakara aura hue, jinameM se dUsare ajitanAtha, cauthe abhinandananAtha, pA~caveM sumatinAtha aura caudahaveM anantanAthakA janma ayodhyAnagarImeM huaa| tIsare saMbhavadevakA janma zrAvastI nagarImeM huA / chaThe padmaprabhakA janma kauzAmbImeM huaa| sAtaveM supArzvanAtha aura teIsaveM pArzvanAthakA janma vArANasI nagarI meM huaa| AThaveM candraprabhakA janma caMdrapurImeM huaa| nauveM puSpadantakA janma kAkandI nagarImeM huaa| dasaveM zItalanAthakA janma bhaddalapurameM huaa| gyArahaveM zreyAMsanAthakA janma siMhapurI (sAranAtha) meM huaa| bArahaveM vAsupUjyakA janma campApurImeM huaa| terahaveM vimalanAthakA janma kaMpilA nagarImeM huA / pandrahaveM dharmanAthakA janma ratnapurameM huaa| solahaveM zAntinAtha, satarahaveM kunthunAtha aura aThArahaveM aranAthakA janma hastinAgapurameM huaa| unnIsaveM mallinAtha aura ikkIsaveM naminAthakA janma mithilApurImeM huA / bIsaveM munisuvratanAthakA janma rAjagRhI nagarImeM huaa| inameMse dharmanAtha, aranAtha, aura kunthunAthakA janma kuruvaMzameM huA, munisuvratanAthakA janma harivaMzameM huA aura zeSakA janma ikSvAkuvaMzameM huaa| sabhIne antameM pravrajyA lekara

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jainadharma bhagavAna RSabhadevakI taraha tapazcaraNa kiyA aura kevalajJAnako prApta karake unhIMkI taraha dharmopadeza kiyA aura antameM nirvANako prApta kiyaa| inameMse bhagavAna vAsupUjyakA nirvANa campApurase huA aura zepa tIrthaGkaroMkA nirmANa sammedazikharase huA / antima tIna tIrthaGkaroMkA varNana Age par3hiye / bhagavAna neminAtha / bhagavAna neminAtha vAIsaveM tIrthaGkara the| ye zrIkRSNake cacere bhAI the / zaurIpura nareza andhakavRSNike dasa putra hue| sabase bar3e putrakA nAma samudravijaya aura sabase choTe putrakA nAma vasudeva thaa| samudravijayake ghara neminAthane janma liyA aura vasudevake ghara zrIkRSNane / jarAsandha ke bhayase yAdavagaNa zaurIpura chor3akara dvArakA nagarI meM jAkara rahane lge| vahA~ jUnAgar3hake rAjAkI putrI rAjamatIse neminAthakA vivAha nizcita huA / bar3I dhUma-dhAmake sAtha bArAta jUnAgar3hake nikaTa phuNcii| neminAtha bahutase rAjaputroMke sAtha rathameM baiThe hue AsapAsakI zobhA dekhate jAte the| unakI dRSTi eka ora gaI to unhoMne dekhA bahutase pazu eka bAr3emeM banda haiM, ve nikalanA cAhate haiM kintu nikalanekA koI mArga nahIM hai| bhagavAnane turanta sArathiko ratha rokanekA Adeza diyA aura pUchA-ye itane pazu isa taraha kyoM roke hue haiN| neminAthako yaha jAnakara bar3A kheda huA ki unakI bArAtameM Aye hue aneka rAjAoMke Atithya satkArake lie ina pazuoMkA vadha kiyA jAnevAlA hai aura isI liye ve bAr3emeM banda haiN| neminAthake dayAlu hRdayako bar3A kaSTa phuNcaa| ve bole-yadi mere vivAhake nimittase itane pazuoMkA jIvana saMkaTa meM hai to dhikkAra hai aise vivAhako / aba maiM vivAha nahIM kruuNgaa| ve rathase turanta nIce utara par3e aura mukuTa aura kaMganako pheMkakara vanakI ora cala diye / bArAtameM isa samAcArake phailate hI koharAma maca gyaa| jUnAgar3hake aMta:

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itihAsa 17 I pura meM jaba rAjamatIko yaha samAcAra milA to vaha pachAr3a khAkara gira pdd'ii| bahutase loga neminAthako lauTAne ke liye daur3e, kintu vyartha / ve pAsameM hI sthita giranAra pahAr3apara car3ha gaye aura sahasrAmra vanameM bhagavAna RSabhadevakI taraha saba paridhAna chor3akara digambara ho AtmadhyAnameM lIna ho gaye aura kevalajJAnako prAptakara 'giranArase hI nirvANa lAbha kiyA / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha 23 veM tIrthaGkara the / inakA janma Ajase lagabhaga tIna hajAra varSa pahale vArANasI nagarImeM huA thA / yaha bhI rAjaputra the / inakI cittavRtti prArambhase hI vairAgyakI ora vizeSa thI / mAtA - pitAne kaI bAra inase vivAha kA prastAva kiyA kintu unhoMne sadA ha~sakara TAla diyA / eka vAra ye gaMgAke kinAre ghUma rahe the / vahA~para kucha tApasI Aga jalAkara tapasyA karate the / ye unake pAsa pahu~ce aura bole-- 'ina lakkar3oMko jalAkara kyoM jIvahiMsA karate ho / ' kumArakI bAta sunakara tApasI bar3e jhallAye aura bole-- 'kahA~ hai jIva ?' taba kumArane tApasIke pAsase kulhAr3I uThAkara jyoM hI jalatI huI lakar3Iko cIrA to usameMse nAga aura nAginakA jalatA huA jor3A nikalA / kumArane unheM maraNonmukha jAnakara unake kAnameM mUlamaMtra diyA aura duHkhI hokara cale gaye / isa ghaTanAse unake hRdayako bahuta vedanA huI / jIvanakI anityatAne unake cittako aura bhI udAsa kara diyA aura ve rAjasukhako tilAJjali dekara pratrajita ho gye| eka bAra ve 1 mahAbhArata meM bhI likhA hai yuge yuge mahApuNyaM dRzyate dvArikA purI / avatorNo hariyaMtra prabhAsazazibhUSaNaH // revatAdrau jino nemiryugAdivimalAcale / RSINAmAzramAdeva muktimArgasya kAraNam //

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jainadharma ahicchetrake vanameM dhyAnastha the| Uparase unake pUrvajanmakA vairI koI deva kahIM jA rahA thA / inheM dekhate hI usakA pUrva saMcita vairabhAva bhar3aka utthaa| vaha unake Upara IMTa aura pattharoMkI varSA karane lgaa| jaba usase bhI usane bhagavAnake dhyAnameM vighna par3atA na dekhA to mUsalAdhAra varSA karane lagA / AkAzameM meghoMne bhayAnaka rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA, unake garjanatajanase dila dahalane lagA / pRthvIpara cAroM ora pAnI hI pAnI umar3a par3A / aise ghora upasargake samaya jo nAga aura nAgina marakara pAtAla loka meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI hue the, ve apane upakArIke Upara upasarga huA jAnakara turanta Aye / dharaNendrane sahasraphaNavAle sarpakA rUpa dhAraNa karake bhagavAna ke Upara apanA phaNa phailA diyA aura isa taraha upadravase unakI rakSA kii| usI samaya pArzvanAthako kevalajJAnakI prApti huI, usa vairI devane unake caraNoMmeM sIsa navAkara unase kSamA yAcanA kI / phira karIba 70 varSataka jagaha-jagaha vihAra karake dharmopadeza karaneke bAr3ha 100 varSakI umra meM ve sammedazikhara se nirvANako prApta hue / inhIM ke nAmase Aja sammedazikhara parvata 'pArasanAthahila kahalAtA hai| inakI jo mUrtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiM, unameM ukta ghaTanAke smRtisvarUpa sirapara sarpakA phana banA huA hotA hai / jainetara janatAmeM inakI vizeSa khyAti hai / kahIM-kahIM to jainoMkA matalaba hI pArzvanAthakA pUjaka samajhA jAtA hai / 18 bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra antima tIrthaGkara the / lagabhaga 600 I0 pU0 bihAra prAntake kuNDalapura nagarake rAjA siddhArtha ke ghara meM unakA janma huA / unako mAtA' trizalA vaizAlInareza rAjA ceTakakI putrI thI / mahAvIrakA janma caitra zuklA trayodazIke ( 1 ) zvetAmbara mAnyatAke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA trizalA ceTakakI bahina thI / tathA mahAvIrakA vivAha bhI huA thA /

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itihAsa 19 dina huA thaa| isa dina bhAratavarSa meM mahAvIrakI jayantI bar3I dhUmase manAI jAtI hai / mahAvIra sacamuca meM mahAvIra the / eka bAra bacapana meM ye anya bAlakoMke sAtha khela rahe the / itane meM acAnaka eka sarpa kahIMse A gayA aura inakI ora jhpttaa| anya bAlaka to Darakara bhAga gaye kintu mahAvIrane use nirmada kara diyA / mahAvIra janmase hI vizeSa jJAnI the| eka bAra eka muni unako dekhaneke liye Aye aura unake dekhate hI munike cittameM jo zAstrIya zaMkAe~ thIM ve dUra ho gii| jaba mahAvIra bar3e hue to unake vivAhakA prazna upasthita huA, kintu mahAvIrakA citta to kisI anya ora hI lagA huA thA / usa samaya yajJAdikakA bahuta jora thA aura yajJoMmeM pazu - balidAna bahutAyatase hotA thA / becAre mUka pazu dharmake nAmapara balidAna kara diye jAte the aura 'vaidikI hiMsA - hiMsA na bhavati' kI vyava sthA de dI jAtI thI / karuNAsAgara mahAvIrake kAnoMtaka bhI una mUka pazuoMkI cItkAra pahu~cI aura rAjaputra mahAvIrakA hRdaya unakI rakSAke liye tar3apa uThA / dharmake nAmapara kiye jAnevAle kisI bhI kRtyakA virodha kitanA duSkara hai yaha batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM / kintu mahAvIra to mahAvIra hI the / 30 varSakI umra meM unhoMne ghara chor3akara vanakA mArga liyA aura bhagavAna RSabhadevakI hI taraha pratrajyA lekara dhyAnastha ho gaye / mahAvIra ke janma AdikA varNana karanevAlI kucha prAcIna gAthAe~ milatI haiM jinakA bhAva isa prakAra hai 1 1 "suramahidoccadakappe bhogaM divvANubhAgabhaNabhUdo | pupphUttaraNAmAdo vimANado jo cudo saMto // bAhattaravAsANi ya tho vihINANi AsADhajo pakkhe chaTaThIe kuNDapurapuraMvarissarasiddhatthakkhattiyassa laddhaparamAU / joNimuvayAdo // NAhakule / devIsadasevamANAe / tisilAe devIe acchitA NavamAse aTTha ya divase caittasiyapakkhe |

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jainadharma 'jo devoMke dvArA pUjA jAtA thA, jisane acyuta kalpa nAmaka svarga meM divya bhogoMko bhogA, aise mahAvIra jinendrakA jIva kucha kama bahattara varSakI Ayu pAkara, puSpottara nAmaka vimAnase cyuta hokara, AsAr3ha zuklA SaSThIke dina, kuNDapura nagarake svAmI siddhArtha kSatriyake ghara, nAthavaMzameM, saikar3oM deviyoMse sevita trizalA devIke garbha meM AyA / aura vahA~ nau mAha ATha dina rahakara caitra zuklA trayodazIkI rAtrimeM uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra ke rahate hue mahAvIrakA janma huA / ' 'aThThAIsa varSa sAta mAha aura bAraha dina taka devoMke dvArA kiye gaye mAnuSika anupama sukhako bhogakara jo Abhinibodhika jJAnase pratibuddha hue, aise devapUjita mahAvIra bhagavAnane paSThopavAsake sAtha mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamIke dina jinadIkSA lI / ' 'bAraha varSa pA~ca mAha aura pandraha dina paryanta chadmastha avasthAko bitAkara (tapasyA karake) ratnatrayase zuddha mahAvIra bhagavAnane jRmbhika grAmake bAraha RjukUlA nadIke kinAre silApaTTa ke Upara SaSThopavAsake sAtha AtApana yoga karate hue, aparAhnakAlameM, jaba chAyA pAdapramANa thI, vaizAkha 'zuklA dasamI 20 vArasamaM // terasie rattIe jAduttaraphagguNIe maNuvattaNasuhamatulaM devakayaM seviUNa aTThAvIsaM satta ya mAse divase ya AbhiNibohiyabuddho chaTTheNa ya dasamIe NikkhaMto suramahido gamaiya chadumatthattaM vArasavAsANi paMcamAse ya / maggasIsabahulAe / NikkhamaNapujjo // paNNArasANi diNANi ya tiradaNasuddho mahAvoro // ujukUlaNadItIre jaMbhiyagAme bahi silabaTTe / chaTTheNAdAveM vaisAhajoNhapakkhe haMtUNa dhAikamaM avarahe dasamIe kevalaNANaM du // vAsAi~ | pAdachAyAe / khabayaseDhimArUDho / samAvaNNo // "

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itihAsa 21 ke dina kSapaka zreNipara ArohaNa kiyA aura cAra ghAtiyA karmoMkA nAza karake kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa|' ___ kevalajJAna prApta kara leneke bAda bhagavAna mahAvIrane 66 dinataka maunapUrvaka vihAra kiyA, kyoMki tabataka unheM koI gaNadhara gaNakA-saMghakA dhAraka, jo ki bhagavAnake upadezoMko smRtimeM rakhakara unakA saMkalana kara sakatA, nahIM milA thaa| vihAra karate karate mahAvIra magadha dezakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhImeM padhAre aura usake bAhara vipulAcala parvatapara Thahare / usa samaya rAjagRhImeM rAjA zreNika rAnI celanAke sAtha rAjya karate the| __ vahIMpara AsAr3ha zuklA pUrNimA, jise gurupUrNimA bhI kahate haiM, ke dina' indrabhUti nAmakA gautamagotrIya veda-vedAMgameM pAraMgata eka zIlavAna brAhmaNa vidvAna jIva ajIva vipayaka sandehako dUra karane ke liye mahAvIra ke pAsa aayaa| aura sandeha dUra hote hI usane mahAvIra ke pAdamUlameM jinadIkSA le lI aura unakA pradhAna gaNadhara bana gyaa| usake bAda hI prAtaHkAlameM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI prathama dezanA huii| jaisA ki prAcIna gAthAoMmeM likhA hai paMcazailapurameM ( pA~ca parvatoMse zobhAyamAna honeke kAraNa 1 'gotteNa godamo vippo cAubveya-saMDagavi / NAmeNa iMdabhUditi sIlavaM brahmaNuttamo // ' -dhavalA 1 khaM0, pR0 65 / 2 'paMcaselapure ramme viule pavvaduttame / / NANAdumasamAiNNe devadANavavaMdide / mahAvIreNattho kahio bhaviyaloyassa / ' ___-dhava0 1 khaM0, pR0 61 / 3 'zvetAmbara sAhityameM likhA hai ki mahAvIrake prathama samavasaraNameM kevala devatA hI upasthita the, koI manuSya nahIM thA isase dharmatIrthakA pravartana-mahAvIrakA prathamopadeza vahA~ nahIM ho skaa|

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jainadharma rAjagRhIko paMcazailapura yA paMcapahAr3I bhI kahate haiM) ramaNIka, nAnA prakArake vRkSoMse vyApta aura deva-dAnavase vandita vipulanAmaka parvatapara mahAvIrane bhavyajIvoMko upadeza diyaa| _ 'varpake' 'prathama mAsa arthAt zrAvaNamAsameM, prathama pakSa arthAt kRSNapakSa meM, pratipadAke dina, prAtaHkAlake samaya, abhijita nakSatrake udaya rahate hue dharmatIrthakI utpatti huii|' 'isa prakAra jinazreSTha mahAvIrane lagabhaga 42 varSakI mahAvIrako kevalajJAnakI prApti dinake cauthe paharameM huI thii| unhoMne jaba yaha dekhA ki usa samaya madhyamA nagarI (vartamAna pAvApurI) meM somilArya brAhmaNake yahA~ yajJaviSayaka eka bar3A bhArI dhArmika prakaraNa cala rahA hai, jisameM deza dezAntaroMke bar3e-bar3e vidvAn AmaMtrita hokara Aye hue haiM to unheM yaha prasaMga apUrva lAbhakA jAna pdd'aa| aura unhoMne yaha socakara ki yajJameM Aye hue brAhmaNa pratibodhako prApta hoMge aura mere dharmatIrthake AdhAra stambha baneMge, sandhyA samaya hI vihAra kara diyA aura ve rAtoMrAta 12 yojana calakara madhyamAke mahAsenanAmaka udyAnameM pahu~ce, jahA~ prAtaH kAlase hI samavasaraNakI racanA ho gii| isa taraha vaisAkha sudI 11 ko dUsarA samavasaraNa racA gayA usameM mahAvIra bhagavAnane eka pahara taka binA kisI gaNadharakI upasthiti ke hI dharmopadeza diyaa| isako khabara pAkara indrabhUti Adi apane ziSyoMke sAtha samavasaraNameM pahu~ce aura zaMkA samAdhAna karake ziSya bana gaye / vAdako vIraprabhune unheM gaNadhara padapara niyukta kara diyaa| isa dvitIya samavasaraNake bAda mahAvIrane rAjagahakI ora prasthAna kiyA, jahA~ pahu~cate hI unakA tRtIya samavasaraNa racA gayA aura unhoMne varSAkAla vahIM bitaayaa|' -zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, pR0 48-73 / 1 'vAsassa paDhamamAse paDhame pakkhamhi sAvarNa bahule / pADivadapuvvadivase titthuppattI du abhijimhi / ' -dhava0 1 khaM0, pR0 63 / 2 NissaMsayakaro vIro mahAvIro jinnuttmo| rAgadosabhayAdIdo dhammatitthassa kArao // ' -ja0 dhava0 1 khaM0, pR0 73 /

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itihAsa avasthAmeM rAga, dveSa aura bhayase rahita hokara apane dharmakA upadeza diyaa|' bhagavAna mahAvIrane tIsa varSataka aneka deza-dezAntaroMmeM vihAra karake dharmopadeza diyaa| jahA~ vaha pahu~cate the vahIM unakI upadeza-sabhA laga jAtI thI, aura usameM hiMsra pazu taka pahu~cate the aura jAtigataRratAko chor3akara zAntise bhagavAnakA upadeza sunate the| isa taraha bhagavAna kAzI, kozala, paMcAla, kaliMga, kurujAMgala, kamboja, vAlhIka, sindhu, gAMdhAra Adi dezoMmeM vihAra karate hue antameM pAvA'nagarI (bihAra) meM padhAre / aura vahA~se kArtika kRSNA caturdazIkI rAtrimeM arthAt amAvasyAke prAtaHkAla meM sUryodayase pahale muktilAbha kiyA / jaisA ki likhA hai___ "unatIsa varSa, pA~ca mAsa aura vIsa dinataka RSi, muni, yati aura anagAra ina cAra prakArake muniyoM aura bAraha gaNoM arthAt sabhAoM ke sAtha vihAra karaneke pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pAvAnagara meM kArtika kRSNA caturdazIke dina svAti nakSatrake rahate hue, rAtrike samaya zeSa aghAti karmarUpI rajako chedakara nirvANako prApta kiyaa|' 1 pujyapAda racita saMskRta nirvANabhaktimeM likhA hai'pAvApurasya bahirunnatabhUmideze padmotpalAkulavatAM sarasAM hi madhye / zrIvardhamAnajinadeva iti pratIto nirvANamApa bhagavAna pravidhUtapApmA // 24 // " artha-"pAvApurake bAhara sthita, aura kamaloMse vyApta sarovarake bIcameM, unnata bhUmidezapara karmokA nAza karake bhagavAn mahAvIrane nirvANa lAbha kiyaa| 2 "vAsANUNattIsaM paMca ya mAse ya vIsa divase ya / cauviha aNagArehi ya vArahadiNehi ( gaNehi ) viharittA / pacchA pAvANayare kattiyamAsassa kiNhacoddasie / sAdIe rattoe sesarayaM chettu NivvAo // 3 // " -ja0 dhava0 kha0, 1, pR0 81 /

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24 jainadharma vartamAnameM jo vIra nirvANa samvat jainoMmeM pracalita hai, usake anusAra 527 I0 pU0 meM vIrakA nirvANa huA mAnA jAtA hai / kucha prAcIna jaina-granthoMmeM zakarAjAse 605 varSa 5 mAsa pahale vIrake nirvANa honekA ullekha milatA hai| usase bhI isI kAlakI puSTi hotI hai| 4. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt jainadharmakI sthiti bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambandhameM jaina aura bauddhasAhityase jo kucha jAnakArI prApta hotI hai, usaparase yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki mahAvIra eka mahApurupa the, aura usa samayake puruSoMpara unakA mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika prabhAva bar3A gaharA thaa| unake prabhAva, dIrghadRSTi aura nispRhatAkA hI yaha pariNAma hai jo Aja bhI jainadharma apane janmasthAna bhAratadezameM banA huA hai jaba ki bauddhadharma zatAbdiyoM pUrva yahA~se lupa-sA ho gayA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrakA aneka rAjagharAnoMpara bhI gaharA prabhAva thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra jJAtRvaMzI the aura unakI mAtA licchavi gaNataMtrake pradhAna ceTakakI putrI thii| IsAse pUrva chaThI zatAbdImeM pUrvIya bhAratameM licchavi rAjavaMza mahAna aura zaktizAlI thaa| DA0 yAkovIne likhA hai ki jaba campAke rAjA kuNikane eka bar3I senAke sAtha rAjA ceTakapara AkramaNa karanekI taiyArI ko to ceTakane kAzI aura kauzalake aTThAraha rAjAoMko tathA licchavi aura malloMko bulAyA aura unase pUchA ki Apa loga kuNikakI mA~ga pUrA karanA cAhate haiM athavA usase lar3anA cAhate haiM ? mahAvIrakA nirvANa honepara isa ghaTanAkI smRtimeM ukta aTThAraha rAjAoMne milakara eka mahotsava bhI manAyA thaa|" 1 'NivvANe vIrajiNe chavvAsasadesu paMcavarisesu / paNamAsesu gadesu saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA // 1466 // " -tri0 pra0 /

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25 itihAsa isase spaSTa hai ki usa samayake pramukha rAjavaMza pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpase mahAvIrase prabhAvita the| isake sivAya bhagavAna mahAvIrake gyAraha pradhAna ziSya the, jinameM mukhya gautama gaNadhara the| bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAta unake ziSyoMmeMse tIna kevalajJAnI hue-gautama gaNadhara, sudhasviAmI aura jambU svaamii| tathA inake pazcAt pA~ca zrutakevalI hue-viSNu, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu / antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu magadhameM durbhikSa par3anepara eka bar3e jaina saMghake sAtha dakSiNa dezako cale gaye, jisake kAraNa tamila aura karnATaka pradezameM jainadharmakA khUba prasAra huaa| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAta jainadharmakI sthitikA paricaya karAneke liye use do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta denA anucita na hogA-eka uttara bhAratameM jainadharmakI sthiti aura dRsarA dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharmakI sthiti / uttara bhAratameM jainadharma uttara bhAratake vibhinna prAntoMmeM jainadharmakI sthiti tathA rAjagharAnoMpara unake prabhAvakA paricaya karAnese pUrva pUrI sthitikA vihaMgAvalokana karanA anucita na hogaa| vibhinna bauddha itihAsajJoMke kathanase patA calatA hai ki buddha nirvANake pazcAt prathama zatImeM uttara bhAratake vibhinna sthAnoMmeM jaina loga pramukha the / cInI yAtrI huenatsAMga IsvI san kI sAtavIM zatImeM bhArata AyA thA / vaha apane yAtrA vivaraNameM nAlandAke vihArakA varNana karate hue likhatA hai ki nirgrantha (jaina) sAdhune jo jyotipa vidyAkA jAnakAra thA, naye bhavanakI saphalatAkI bhaviSyavANI kI thii| isase prakaTa hai ki usa samaya magadha rAjyameM jainadharma phailA huA thaa| jainadharmakI unnatikA sUcaka dUsarA mukhya pramANa azokakI prasiddha ghoSaNA hai, jisameM nirgranthoMko dAna denekI AjJA hai| jo batalAtI hai ki azokake samayameM jaina-jo pahale nirgranthake

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26 jainadharma nAmase khyAta the yogya mAne jAte the tathA itane prabhAvazAlI the ki azoka kI rAjyaghoSaNAmeM unakA mukhya rUpase nirdeza karanA Avazyaka samajhA gyaa| ___ uttara bhAratameM jainadharmakI unnatikI dRSTise kaliMgakA nAma ullekhanIya hai / IsvI pUrva dUsarI zatAbdIkA prasiddha khAravela zilAlekha kaliMgameM jainadharmakI pragatiko pramANita karatA hai| zrI raMgA svAmI AyaMgarake matAnusAra bauddhadharmake pracArake prati azokane jo utsAha dikhalAyA usake phalasvarUpa jainadharmakA kendra magadhase uThakara kaliMga calA gayA jahA~ huenatsAMgake samayataka jainadharma phailA huA thaa| __ khAravela zilAlekhakI taraha hI prasiddha mathurAke zilAlekha prakaTa karate haiM ki IsAkI prathama zatAbdIse bahuta pahalese mathurA jainadharmakA eka mukhya kendra thaa| ___ isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANake pazcAt lagabhaga pA~ca zatAbdiyoM taka jainadharma uttara bhAratake vibhinna pradezoMmeM bar3I tejIke sAtha unnati karatA rhaa| kintu sAtavIM zatAbdIke pazcAt usakA patana prArambha ho gayA / ___ Age uttara bhAratake pratyeka prAntameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake bAdakI jainadharmako sthitikA paricaya karAte hue aise rAjavaMzoM aura pramukha rAjAoMkA paricaya karAyA jAtA hai, jinhoMne jainadharmako apanAyA yA jinake sAhAyyase jainadharma phUlA aura phalA / usase pahale uttara bhAratake prAraMbhika itihAsakA vihaMgAvalokana karAnA anucita na hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM magadhake siMhAsanapara zizunAga vaMzI rAjA bimbasAra upanAma zreNika virAjamAna the| unakA uttarAdhikArI unakA putra ajAta zatru (kuNika) huaa| ajAtazatrune apane nAnA ceTakake rAjyapara AkramaNa karake vaizAlI tathA licchavi dezoMko magadhake sAmrAjyameM milA liyA aura rAjagRhIke sthAnapara vaizAlIko rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| ajAta zatruke

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itihAsa 27 putra udayanane pATalIputrako magadhakI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| isa vaMzake rAjyacyuta honepara nandavaMzakA rAjya huA aura candragupta mauryane nandoMkA siMhAsana chIna liyA / candraguptake bAda usakA putra vindusAra gaddIpara baiThA / aura vindusArake bAda usakA putra azoka padAsIna huaa| azokake bAda usake cAra uttarAdhikArI aura hue| antima maurya samrAT vRhadrathako usake senApati puSpamitrane mArakara siMhAsanapara kabjA kara liyA aura isa taraha zuMgavaMzakA rAjya huA / abhI puSyamitra magadhake siMhAsanapara jama bhI na pAyA thA ki use do prabala zatruoMkA sAmanA karanA par3A - uttara pazcimIya sImA prAntase manIndrane usake rAjyapara AkramaNa kara diyA aura dakSiNase kaliMgarAja khAravelane / tIsarI pIr3hIke bAda zuMgavaMza bhI samApta ho gayA / usake bAda AndhroMkA rAjya huA jo dakSiNI the / IsAkI cauthI zatAbdI ke prArambha meM AndhroMke eka adhikArIne hI jisakA nAma yA upAdhi gupta thI, guptavaMzakI nIMva DAlI / astu, ava prakRta viSaya para Aiye / 1. vihAra meM jainadharma bihAra to bhagavAna mahAvIrakI janmabhUmi, tapobhUmi ora nirvANa bhUmi hone ke sAtha-sAtha kAryabhUmi bhI rahA hai| vahA~ke rAjagharAnoMse mahAvIra bhagavAnakA kauTumbika sambandha bhI thA / phalataH unake samaya meM aura unake bAda bhI vahA~ jainadharmakA acchA prasAra huA aura kaI rAjAoM aura rAjagharAnoMne use apanAyA, jinameM se kuchakA paricaya isa prakAra hai rAjA ceTaka jainasAhitya meM vaizAlIke rAjA ceTakakI bar3I khyAti pAI jAtI hai / isake kaI kAraNa haiM / prathama to yaha rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIrakA mahAna upAsaka thA, dUsare bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA devI trizalA rAjA ceTakakI putrI thii| rAjA ceTakake ATha

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28 jainadharma kanyAe~ thIM aura usa samayake pramukha rAjagharAnoMmeM unakA vivAha huA thA / sindhusauvIra dezakA rAjA udayana, avantInareza pradyota, kauzAmvIkA rAjA zatAnIka, campAkA rAjA zreNika ( biMbasAra ) ye saba rAjA ceTakake jAmAtA the / jainasAhitya meM kuNika aura bauddha sAhitya meM ajAtazatruke nAmase prasiddha magadhasamrATa tathA jaina, bauddha aura brAhmaNa sampradAyake kathAsAhitya meM prasiddha vatsarAja udayana, ye dono ceTaka rAjAke sage dauhitra the / rAjA ceTaka bhAratake tatkAlIna gaNasattAka rAjyoM meM se eka pradhAna rAjyake nAyaka the / ve jaina zrAvaka the, unhoMne pratijJA le rakhI thI ki ve jainake sivA kisI dUsarese apanI kanyAoMkA vivAha na kreNge| isase pratIta hotA hai ki ukta saba rAjagharAne jainadharmako pAlate the / rAjA udayanako to jainasAhitya meM spaSTa rUpase jaina zrAvaka batalAyA hai / udayanakI rAnIne apane mahala meM eka caityAlaya banavAyA thA aura usameM pratidina jina bhagavAnakI pUjA kiyA karatI thii| pahale rAjA udayana tApasadharmiyoMkA bhakta thA pIche dhIre-dhIre jina bhagavAnake Upara zraddhA karane lagA thA / sva. DA0 yAkobI likhate haiM ki ceTaka jainadharmakA mahAna AzrayadAtA thA / usake kAraNa vaizAlI jainadharmakA eka saMrakSaNasthAna banA huA thA / isIse bauddhoMne use pAkhaNDiyoMkA maTha batalAyA hai / rAjA zreNika ( I0 pU0 601 - 552 ) bhArata ke itihAsa meM bahuta prasiddha magaghAdhipati rAjA bimbasAra jainasAhitya meM zreNikake nAmase uti prasiddha hai / yaha rAjA pahale bauddha bhagavAnakA anuyAyI thaa| eka bAra kisI citrakArane use eka rAjakanyAkA citra bheMTa kiyaa| rAjA citra dekhakara mohita ho gyaa| citrakArase usane kanyAke pitAkA

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itihAsa nAma pUchA to use jJAta huA ki vaha vaizAlIke rAjA ceTakakI sabase choTI putrI celanA hai| zreNikane rAjA ceTakase use mA~gA kintu ceTakane yaha kahakara apanI kanyA denese inkAra kara diyA ki rAjA zreNika vidharmI hai aura eka vidharmIko vaha apanI kanyA nahIM de sktaa| taba zreNikake bar3e putra abhayakumArane kauzalapUrvaka celanAkA haraNa karake use apane pitAko sauMpa diyaa| donoM premapUrvaka rahane lge| dhIre-dhIre celanAke prayatnase rAjA zreNika jainadharmakI ora AkRSTa huA aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakA anuyAyI ho gyaa| vaha mahAvIrakI upadeza sabhAkA mukhya zrotA thaa| jaina zAstroMke prArambhameM isa bAtakA ullekha rahatA hai ki rAjA zreNikake pUchanepara bhagavAnane aisA kahA / zreNikake celanAse kuNika (ajAtazatru) nAmakA putra huaa| jaba kuNika magadhake siMhAsana para baiThA to usane apane pitA zreNikako kaida karake eka piMjare meM banda kara diyaa| eka dina kuNika apane putrako pyAra kara rahA thaa| usakI mAtA celanA usake pAsa baiThI huI thii| usane apanI mAtAse kahA-"mA~ ! jaisA maiM apane putrako pyAra karatA hU~, kyA koI anya bhI apane putrako vaisA pyAra kara sakatA hai| yaha sunakara celanAkI A~khoMmeM A~sU A gaye / kuNikane isakA kAraNa pUchA to celanA bolI-putra! tumhAre pitA tumheM bahuta pyAra karate the| eka bAra jaba tuma choTe the to tumhAre hAthakI aMgulImeM bahuta pIr3A thii| tumheM rAtriko noMda nahIM AtI thii| taba tumhAre pitA tumhArI rakta aura pIvase bharI huI a~gulIko apane mu~hameM rakhakara sote the kyoMki isase tumheM zAnti milatI thii|' yaha sunate hI kuNikako apane kAryapara kheda huA aura vaha piMjarA tor3akara pitAko bAhara nikAlaneke liye kulhAr3A lekara daudd'aa| rAjA zreNikane jo isa taraha Ate hue kuNikako dekhA to samajhA ki yaha mujhe mArane A rahA hai| ataH kuNikake pahu~caneke pahale hI piMjaremeM sira mArakara mara gyaa| Ajase 82 hajAra varSa bAda

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30 jainadharma jaba punaH tIrthaGkara hone prArambha hoMge to rAjA zreNika jainadharmakA prathama tIrthaGkara hogA / " ajAtazatru ( 552 - 518 I0 pU0 ) yadyapi bauddhasAhitya meM ajAtazatruke bauddhadharma aMgIkAra karanekA ullekha milatA hai, tathApi khoja karanese pratIta hotA hai ki ajAtazatru jainadharmakI tarapha adhika AkarSita thA / sva0 DA0 yAkovI jainasUtroMkI prastAvanA meM likhate haiM'ajAtazatrune apane rAjyake prArambhakAlameM bauddhoMkI tarapha koI sahAnubhUti nahIM dikhalAI thI / kintu buddha ke nirvANase 8 varSa pahale vaha buddhakA AzrayadAtA banA thA / kintu usa samaya vaha sadbhAvanApUrvaka bauddhadharmAnuyAyI banA thA, yaha to hama nahIM mAna skte| kAraNa yaha hai ki jo manuSya khulI rIti apane pitAkA khUnI thA tathA apane nAnAke sAtha jisane lar3AI lar3I thI vaha manuSya adhyAtmajJAnake liye bahuta utsuka ho yaha asaMbhava hai / usake dharmaparivartana karanekA kyA uddezya thA isakA hama saralatAse anumAna kara sakate haiN| bAta yaha hai ki usane apane nAnA vaizAlIke rAjAke sAtha yuddha kiyA thA / yaha rAjA mahAvIrakA mAmA (nAnA ) thA aura jainoMkA saMrakSaka thA / isaliye isake Upara car3hAI karaneke kAraNa ajAtazatru jainoMkI sahAnubhUti kho baitthaa| isase usane jaina ke pratispardhI bauddhoMke sAtha milanekA nizcaya kiyA thA / ' Age DA0 yAkobI likhate haiM ajAtazatru eka to vaizAlIko jItanemeM saphala huA thA, dUsare usane nandoM aura mauryoMke sAmrAjyakA pAyA khar3A kiyA thA / isa prakAra magadha sAmrAjyakI sImA bar3hanese jaina aura bauddha donoM dharmoMke liye nayA kSetra khula gayA thA / isase ve donoM turanta usa kSetrameM phaila gaye / jaba dUsare sampradAya sthAnIya aura asthAyI mahattva prApta karake hI raha gaye taba ye donoM dharma

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itihAsa itanI bar3I saphalatA prApta karane meM samartha hue the| isakA mukhya kAraNa anya kucha bhI nahIM, kevala yaha maMgalakArI rAjanaitika saMyoga thaa|' __ hamAre matase jainoM aura bauddhoMkI saphalatAkA kAraNa kevala rAjanaitika saMyoga nahIM thA, kintu phira bhI vaha eka prabala kAraNa avazya thA / astu / nandavaMza __ (I0 pU0 305) udAyIke bAda magadhake siMhAsanapara nandavaMzakA adhikAra huaa| mahArAjA khAravelake zilAlekhase patA calatA hai ki mahArAja nandane apane rAjyakAlameM kaliMga dezapara car3hAI kI thii| aura vaha kaliMgake rAjagharAnese zrIRSabhadevakI pratimA uThAkara le gaye the| isa ghaTanAke 300 varSa bAda kaliMgAdhipati khAravelane jaba magadhapara car3hAI karake use jIta liyA to magadhAdhipati puSyamitrane vaha pratimA khAravelako lauTAkara use prasanna kara liyaa| eka pUjya vastukA isa prakAra 300 varSa taka eka rAjagharAnemeM surakSita rahanA isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki nandavaMzameM usako pUjA hotI thii| yadi aisA na hotA aura nandavaMza jainadharmakA virodhI hotA to ukta mUrti isa prakAra surakSita nahIM rhtii| mudrArAkSasa nATakameM bhI yaha ullekha hai ki cANakyane nanda rAjAke maMtrI rAkSasako vizvAsa dekara phA~saneke liye apane eka cara jIvasiddhiko kSapaNaka banAkara bhejA thaa| aura kSapaNakakA artha koSagranthoMmeM nagna jaina sAdhu pAyA jAtA hai| ataH nandakA maMtrI rAkSasa jaina thA aura rAjA nanda bhI sambhavataH jaina thaa| mauryasamrATa candragupta (I0 pU0 320) maurya samrATa candragupta jaina the| inake samayameM magadhameM 12 varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3A thaa| usa samaya ye apane putrako rAjya sauMpakara apane dharmaguru jainAcArya bhadrabAhuke sAtha dakSi

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jainadharma NakI ora cale gaye the| aura tapasyA karate hue bArahavarSa pazcAta candragiri parvatapara mRtyuko prApta hue the| isa ghaTanAke pakSameM aneka pramANa pAye jAte haiN| ati prAcIna jainagrantha tilAMyapaNNatti meM likhA hai "mukuTadhArI gajAoMmeM antima candragupane jinadImA dhAraNa kI / isake pazcAta kimI mukuTadhArI rAjAne jinadIkSA nahIM lii|' pahala inihAsana isa kathanakI satyatAmeM vizvAsa karanako taiyAra nahIM the| kintu jaba maisUra rAjyameM zravaNabelagula nAmaka sthAnakaM candragiri parvanaparake lekha prakAzameM Aye to itihAsahoMko use svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| levisa rAisane sarva prathama ina zilAlaMgyoMkI khoja kI aura unakA anuvAda karake vidvAnoMke liye unheM mulabha banA diyaa| unake ima matakA ki candragupta jaina thA aura vaha dakSiNa AyA thA. mi0 thaoNmasa jaise pramukha vidvAnAMna jorase samarthana kiyA / 'jainadharma athavA azokakA pUrva dharma' zIrSaka apane lakhameM vaha kahate haiM:-candragupta jaina thA' isa bAtako lekhakoMne svAbhAvika ghaTanAke rUpameM liyA hai aura use ima rUpameM mAnA hai jaise vaha eka aisI satya ghaTanA hai, jisake liye na to kisI pramANa kI AvazyakatA hai aura na pradarzana kii| isa ghaTanAke lekhya pramANa apekSAkRta prAcIna haiM aura spaSTa rUpase sandeha rahita haiN| kyoMki unakI sUcImeM azokakA nAma nahIM hai| azoka apane dAdA candraguptase bahuta adhika zaktizAlI thA aura jaina loga usake sambandhameM sayuktika DhaMgase yaha dAvA kara sakate the ki vaha jainadharmakA prabala samarthaka thaa| kahIM azokane apanA dharma parivartana to nahIM kara liyA thaa| megAsthinojakI sAkSI bhI yaha sUcita 1 pR0 146 / 1 jarnala Afa dI rAyala sirIja, lekha 8 /

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itihAsa karatI hai ki caMdragupane zramaNoMkI dhArmika zikSAoMko svIkAra kiyA thA aura brAhmaNoMke siddhAntoMko vaha nahIM mAnatA thaa|" isa prakAra sAdhAraNatayA vidvAna isa viSayameM ekamata haiM ki candragupta jaina thaa| candragumane rAjya tyAga diyA thA aura vaha zravaNavelagolAmeM jaina sAdhu hokara marA, isa bAtakA samarthana sva0 DA0 vI0 e0 smithane apane 'bhAratakA prAcIna itihAsa' nAmaka granthake prathama saMskaraNameM kiyA thaa| candraguptakI mRtyukA ullekha karate hue mi0 smitha kahate haiM ki-candragupta choTI avasthAmeM hI rAjasiMhAsanapara baiTha gayA thA aura cU~ki usane kevala caubIsa varpa rAjya kiyaa| ataH 50 varpakI avAsthAse pUrva avazya hI usakA maraNa ho jAnA caahiye| isa prakAra usakI mRtyuke samayake vipayameM anizcitatAkA vAtAvaraNa hai / itihAsajJa hameM yaha nahIM batalAte ki vaha kaise marA / yadi vaha yuddha-sthalameM marA hotA yA apane jIvanake sudinoMmeM marA hotA to isa ghaTanAkA ullekha hotaa| levisa rAIsake dvArA khoja nikAle gaye zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekhoMko avizvasanIya mAnanA jainoMkI samasta paramparA aura ullekhoMko avizvasanIya mAnanA hai| eka itihAsajJake liye itanI dUra jAnA bahuta adhika Apattijanaka hai| aisI sthitimeM levisa rAIsake sAtha yadi hama yaha vizvAsa kareM ki candragupta jaina vratoMko dhAraNa karake mahAna bhadrabAhuke sAtha candragiri parvata para calA gayA thA to kyA hama galtI para haiM ?" ____apanI pustakake dUsare saMskaraNameM smithane apane ukta matameM parivartana kara diyA thA kintu tIsare saMskaraNameM unhoMne apanI bhUla svIkAra karate hue likhA'mujhe aba vizvAsa ho calA hai ki jainoMkA yaha kathana 1. sTaDIz2a ina sAutha inDiyana jainijma, pR0 22 /

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jainadharma prAyaH mukhya-mukhya bAtoMmeM yathArtha hai aura candragupta sacamuca rAjya tyAgakara jaina muni hue the| sva0 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAlane likhA hai 'koI kAraNa nahIM haiM ki hama jainiyoMke isa kathanako ki candragupta apane rAjyake antima dinoMmeM jaina ho gayA thA aura pIche rAjya chor3akara jina dIkSA le munivRttise maraNako prApta huA, na mAne / maiM pahalA hI vyakti yaha mAnanevAlA nahIM huuN| mi. rAIsane, jinhoMne zravaNabelagolAke zilAlekhoMkA adhyayana kiyA hai, pUrNa rUpase apanI sammiti isI pakSa meM dI hai| aura mi0 vi0 smitha bhI antameM isI matakI ora jhuke haiN| samrATa azoka ( I0 pR0 277) samrATa azoka candragupta mauryakA pautra thaa| jaina granthoM meM isake jaina honeke pramANa milate haiN| kucha vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki azoka pahale jainadharmakA upAsaka thA. pIche bauddha ho gayA / isameM eka pramANa yaha diyA jAtA hai ki azokake una lekhoMmeM jinameM usake spaSTanaH bauddha honeke koI saMkena nahIM pAye jAte, balki jaina siddhAntoMke hI bhAvAMkA Adhikya hai, rAjAkA upanAma 'devAnAMpiya piyadasI' pAyA jAtA hai / 'devanAMpiya' vizepataH jainagranthoM meM hI rAjAkI upAdhi pAI jAtI hai| para azokake 2veM varSakI bhAvarAkI prazastimeM, jisameM usake bauddha honeke spaSTa pramANa haiM ; usakI padavI kevala 'piyadasi' pAI jAtI hai, 'devAnAM piya' nhiiN| isI bIcameM vaha jainase bauddha huA hogaa| vidvAnoMkA yaha bhI mata hai ki azokane ahiMsAke viSayameM jo niyama pracArita kiye the ve bauddhoMkI 1. jarnala Apha dI vihAra ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI, jilda 3 / 2. iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda 5 meN| 3. 'aralI phetha oNfa azoka / '

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itihAsa apekSA jainoMse adhika milate haiN| jaise, bahutase pakSiyoM aura caupAyoMkA, jo ki na bhogameM Ate haiM na khAye jAte haiM, mAranA varjita karanA, kevala anartha aura vihiMsAke liye jaMgaloMko jalAnekA niSedha karanA aura kucha khAsa tithiyoM aura parvopara jIvahiMsAko banda kara denA aadi| pro0 karnalane, jo bauddhazAstroMke bahuta bar3e adhikArI vidvAn mAne jAte rahe haiM yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki azokakI rAjyanItimeM bauddhaprabhAva khojane para bhI nahIM miltaa| usakI ghopaNAe~, jo mitavyayI jIvanase sambaddha haiM-bauddhoMkI apekSA jaina vicAroMse atyadhika mela khAtI hai| samrATa sampati ( I0 pU0 220 ) 'samprati azokakA pautra thaa| ise jainAcArya suhastIne ujjainameM jainadharmakI dIkSA dI thii| usake bAda sampratine 'jainadharmake lie vahI kAma kiyA jo azokane bauddhadharmake lie kiyA / uttara pazcimake anAryadezoMmeM bhI sampratine jainadharmake pracAraka bheje aura vahA~ jaina sAdhuoMke lie aneka vihAra sthApita kiye| azokakI taraha usane bhI aneka imArateM banavAI / rAjapUtAnAkI kaI jaina racanAe~ usIke samayakI kahI jAtI haiN| kucha vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki jo zilAlekha aba azokake nAmase prasiddha haiM, sambhavataH ve sampratine likhavAye the| 1. dekho-bhAratIya itihAsako rUparekhA, pR0 616 / / jinaprabha sUrine pATaliputra kalpagranthameM eka sthAnapara likhA hai"kuNAlasUnustrikhaNDabharatAdhipaH paramAhato anAryadezeSvapi pravartitazramaNavihAraH samprati mahArAjA'sau abhavat / " inakA bhAva yaha hai ki kuNAlakA putra mahArAja samprati huA, jo bhAratake tIna khaNDoMkA svAmI thA, arhanta bhagavAnakA bhakta-jaina thA aura jisane anArya dezoMmeM bhI zramaNoM-jaina muniyoMkA vihAra karAyA thaa|

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jainadharma isa prakAra mahAvIra svAmIse lekara cAra sau varSa taka jainadharmI rAjA zreNika aura mahArAja candragupta maurya tathA unakI santAnoMke samayameM bhArata aura usake bAhara bhI jainadharmakA khUba pracAra rhaa| isake bAda maurya samrAjyakA hrAsa honA prArambha huA aura usake antima samrAT bRhadrathako usake brAhmaNa senApati puSyamitrane mArakara rAjadaNDa apane hAthameM le liyA / isane zramaNoMpara bar3A atyAcAra kiyaa| unake vihAra aura stUpa naSTa kara diye| 2. ur3IsA meM jainadharma kaliMga cakravartI khAravela ( I0 pU0 174) kaliMgameM bahuta prAcIna kAlase jainadharmakI pravRtti thii| I0 pU0 424 ke lagabhaga magadhasamamrAT nanda kaliMgako jItakara vahA~se prathama jinakI mUrti magadha le gayA thaa| samrAT samprati ke samaya vahA~ cedivaMzakA punaH rAjya huA, isI vaMzakA prasiddha samrAT khAravela thaa| kaliMga cakravartI mahArAjA khAravelako usa yugakI rAjanItimeM sabase adhika mahattvakA vyakti mAnA jAtA hai| inake hAthIgumphAmeM pAye gaye zilAlekhakA ullekha pahale kiyA gayA hai / usa lekhake anusAra khAravela jaina thaa| balki ur3IsAkA sArA rASTra usa samaya jaina hI thaa| sva0 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla likhate haiM____ 'jainadharmakA praveza ur3IsAmeM zizunAgavaMzI rAjA nandavardhanake samayameM ho gayA thaa| khAravelake samayase pUrva bhI udayagiri parvatapara arhantoMke mandira the, kyoMki unakA ullekha khAravelake lekhameM AyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki khAravelake 1. dekho-bhAratIya itihAsakI rUparekhA, pR0 715 2. ja. vi0 u0 ri0 so0 jilda 3, pR0 448 /

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itihAsa 37 samayameM jainadharma kaI zatAbdiyoM taka ur3IsAkA rASTrIya dharma raha cukA thA / ' mahArAjA khAravelane 15 varSakI avasthAmeM yuvarAja pada prApta kiyA aura 24 varSakI avasthAmeM inakA mahArAjyAbhiSeka huA / usake bAda dUsare hI varSa usane sAtakarNikI paravAha na karake pazcima dezako apanI senA bhejI aura usa senAne mUSika nagarako parAsta kiyaa| cauthe varSa khAravelane phira pazcimapara car3hAI kI aura raThikoMke bhojaka apane mukuTa aura chatra zRGgAra chor3akara usake caraNoMpara jhukaneko bAdhya hue| vAkhtrIkA yavanarAjA eka bhArI senA le madhyadezapara car3ha AyA / khAravelane Age bar3hakara dimitako nikAla bhagAyA / madhyadezase yavanoMko pUrI taraha khader3anekA zreya khAravelako hI hai / bArahaveM varSa meM usane paJjAbapara car3hAI kI / sAtakarNI ke rAjyapara do car3hAiyA~ karane aura yavanarAja damitiko madhyadeza se nikAla bhagAne ke bAda khAravela apane samaya ke saba bhAra - tIya rAjAoM meM pramukha mAnA jAne lgaa| abhI taka usane apane deza kaliMgake pazcimI par3osI rAjya mUSika aura mahArASTrapara tathA uttara par3osI rAjya magadhapara car3hAiyA~ kI thiiN| aba usane uttara aura dakkhinameM dUra dUra taka digvijaya karanA zurU kiyA / usakI zakti bhArata ke antima choroM taka pahu~ca gii| bArahaveM varSa usane uttarApathake rAjAoMko trasta kiyA / magadhapara car3hAI karake magadhake rAjA puSyamitrako pairoM girvaayaa| rAjA nanda dvArA le jAyI gaI huI kaliMga jinamUrtiko sthApita kiyaa| isa mahAvijayake bAda, jaba ki zuMga aura sAtavAhana tathA uttarApathake yavana saba daba gaye, khAravelane jainadharmakA mahA anuSThAna kiyaa| unhoMne bhAratavarSa bharake jaina yatiyoM, jaina tapasviyoM, jaina RSiyoM aura paMDitoM ko bulAkara eka dharma-sammelana kiyA / jainasaMghane khAravelako 'mahAvijayoM' kI padavIke sAtha 'khemarAjA', 'bhikhurAjA' aura dharmarAjAkI

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38 janadharma padavI dii| isake samayameM jainadharmakA bar3A utkarSa huaa| isa zilAlekhameM saM0 165 diyA hai, jise sva. jAyasavAlane maurya samvat siddha kiyA hai, jo ki mahArAja candragupta mauryake rAjyArohaNakAla (I0 pU0 321 ) se calA hogaa| eka svataMtra gajAne dUsare rAjAkaM calAye hue mambanakA upayoga kyoM kiyA ? isake uttara meM jAyasavAlajIkA kahanA hai ki candraguNa mauryakA jaina honA jainagranthoM va zilAlekhoMse siddha hai| ataH eka jaina rAjAke calAye hue sambanakA dUsarA jaina rAjA upayoga kare to isameM Azcarya kyA hai ? ___ isa prakAra bihAra va ur3IsAmeM mahAvIrake pazcAt bhI jainadharmakA khaba upkarSa huaa| ImbI 308 meM pATalIputra nagarake pAsa eka gA~vake choTese gajA candragupako licchavivaMzakI kanyA kumAradevI vyAhI thii| yaha licchavivaMza vaizAlIke rAjA usI ceTakakA baMza hai jinakI kanyAoMse mahAvIra svAmIke pitA rAjA siddhArtha aura magadhaka rAjA zreNika vagairahakA vivAha huA thaa| candraguptane aise mahAna vaMzakI kanyAse vivAha honeko apanA bahuta bhArI gaurava maanaa| vAstavameM isa sambandhake pratApase hI vaha mahArAja ho gyaa| usane apane sikkoMpara licchaviyoMkI baTIke nAmase apanI strIkI bhI mUrti banavAI / usakI santAna bar3e garvase apaneko licchaviyoMkA dauhitra kahA karatI thii| kintu candragupane eka bauddha sAdhuke upadezase bauddhadharma grahaNa kara liyA, aura usake putra samudraguptane brAhmaNadharma svIkAra kara liyaa| phira bhI I0 saM0 629 meM Aye cInI yAtrI huenatsAMgane vaizAlI, rAjagRha, nAlaMdA aura puNDavarddhanameM aneka nirgrantha sAdhuoMko dekhA thaa| vaha kaliMga dezako jainoMkA mukhya sthAna kahatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki khAravelake bAda bhI itane sudIrgha kAlanaka jainadharma kaliMgameM banA rhaa| samrAT khAravelake bAda aisA pratApazAlI jaina rAjA anya nahIM huaa| yadyapi jainadharma prAyaH

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itihAsa sabhI rAjavaMzoMke samayameM phalAphUlA, aura aneka anya rAjAoMne use sAhAyya bhI diyA, kintu jinheM hama pUrI tarahase jaina kaha sake aise rAjA kama hI hue| 3. baGgAlameM jainadharma kinhIM vidvAnoMkI dRSTise janadharmakA Adi aura pavitra sthAna magadha aura pazcima baMgAla samajhA jAtA hai| eka samaya baMgAlameM vauddhadharmakI apekSA jainadharmakA vizepa pracAra batalAyA jAtA hai / vahA~ke mAnabhUna, siMhabhUma, vIrabhUma aura bardavAna jilokA nAmakaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake varSabhAna nAmake AdhArapara hI huA hai| jaba kramazaH jainadharma lupra ho gayA to bauddhadharmane usakA sthAna grahaNa kiyaa| vaMgAlake pazcimI hissemeM jo sarAka jAnI pAI jAtI hai vaha jaina zrAvakoMkI pUrvasmRti karAtI hai / aba bhI bahutase jainamandiroMke dhvaMsAvazaMpa, jainamUrtiyA~, zilAlekha vagairaha jaina mmRticihna baMgAlake bhinna-bhinna bhAgAMmeM pAye jAte haiN| zrIyuta ke0 DI0 mitrAkI khojake phalamvarUpa mundaravanake eka bhAgase hI dasa jainamUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM / vA~kurA aura vIrabhUma jiloM meM abhI bhI prAyaH jana pratimAoMka milanekA samAcAra pAyA jAtA hai / zrI rAkhaladAsa vanarjIne isa kSetrako tatkAlIna jainiyoMkA eka pradhAna kendra batAyA thA / san 1040 meM pUrvI baMgAlake pharIdapura jileke eka gA~va meM eka jainamRti nikalI thI jo 2 phITa 3 iMca kI hai / baMgAlake kucha himmami virATa jainamUrtiyA~ bhairavake nAma se pUjI jAtI haiN| vA~kur3A mAnabhUma vagairaha sthAnoMmeM aura dehAnoMmeM Ajakala bhI janamandiroMke dhvaMsAvazaMpa pAye jAte haiN| mAnabhUmameM paMcakoTake rAjAke adhInastha aneka gA~voMmeM vizAla jainamUrtiyoMkI pUjA hindU purohita yA brAhmaNa karate haiN| ve bhairavake nAmase pukArI jAtI haiM, aura nIca yA zUdra jAtike loga vahA~ pazubali bhI karate haiN| ina sava mUrtiyoMke nIce aba

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40 jainadharma bhI jainalakha mila jAte haiN| isa prakArakI eka lekhayukta mUrti sva0 rAkhaladAsa banarjI paMcakoTake mahArAjAke yahA~se le gaye the| zAntiniketanake AcArya bhitimohanasena likhate haiM'parIkSA karanese baMgAlake dharma meM, AcArameM aura banameM jainadharmakA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / jainoMke aneka zabda baMgAlameM pracalita haiN| prAcIna baMgAlI lipika bahutase zabda vizaMpa taurase yuktAkSara devanAgarIke sAtha nahIM milate, parantu prAcIna jainalipise mela khAte haiN|' 4. gujarAtameM jainadharma gujarAnake mAtha jainadharmakA sambandha bahuta prAcIna hai| 22 veM tIrthakara zrIneminAthane yahIMka giranAra parvata para jinadIkSA lekara muktilAbha kiyA thaa| yahA~kI hI valbhI nagarImeM vIra nirvANa sambata 113 meM ekatra hue ivetAmbara saMghane apane AgamagranyAMko vyavasthita karake unako lipibaddha kiyA thaa| jaise dakSiNa bhAratameM digambara jainoMkA prAbalya rahA hai, lagabhaga vaise hI gujarAtameM zvetAmbara jainoMkA prAbalya rahA hai| gujarAtameM bhI aneka rAjavaMza jainadharmAvalambI hue haiN| rASTrakUToMkA rAjya bhI gujarAtameM rahA hai| gujarAtake saMjAna sthAnase prApta eka zilAlekhameM amoghavarSa prathamakI prazaMsA kI gaI hai tathA amoghavarSake guru zrIjinasenane apanI jayadhavalA TIkAkI prazastimeM amoghavarSakA ullekha 'gurjaranarendra nAmase 1. vizvavANIkA jaina saMskRti aMka, pR0 204 / 2. Architecture of Ahamdabad meM likhA hai ki-'yaha mAlUma nahIM ki jainadharma gujarAtameM paidA huA yA kahIMse AyA, kintu jahA~ taka hamArA jJAna jAtA hai yaha prAnta isa dharmakA bahuta upayogI ghara va mukhya sthAna rahA hai|' 3. dekho-jayadhavalA 1 khaM0 kI prastAvanA, pR0 74 /

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itihAsa kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki amoghavarSane gujarAtapara bhI zAsana kiyA aura usake rAjyameM jainadharma khuba phUlA phlaa| rASTrakUToMke hAthase nikalakara gujarAta pazcimI cAlukyoMke adhikArameM calA gyaa| phira cAvaDAvaMzI vanarAjane isapara apanA adhikAra kara liyaa| isa vanarAjakA lAlanapAlana eka jainasAdhukI dekharekha meM huA thaa| jisake prabhAvase yaha jainadharmI ho gyaa| jaba isa rAjAne aNahilavAr3AkI sthApanA kI naba umameM jainamantroMkA hI upayoga kiyA gayA thA tathA isane eka janamandira bhI usa nagarameM banavAyA thaa| cAvar3AvaMzase nikalakara gujarAta punaH cAlukyoMke adhikAra meM calA gyaa| ye loga bhI jainadharma pAlate the| inake prathama rAjA mUlarAjane aNahilavAr3AmeM eka janamandirakA nirmANa kraayaa| bhIma prathamake samayameM usake senApati vimalane AbU parvatapara prasiddha, jainamandira banavAyA jise 'vimalavasahI' kahate haiN| siddharAja jayasiMha bahuta prasiddha, rAjA huA hai| isapara jainAcArya hemacandrakA bar3A prabhAva thaa| isake nAmapara AcAryane apanA siddhahema vyAkaraNa rcaa| yadyapi isane jainadharmako aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA, kintu AcAryake kahanese middhapurameM mahAvIra svAmIkA mandira banavAyA aura giranAra parvatakI yAtrA bhI kii| jayasiMhake bAda kumArapAla gujarAtakI rAjagahIpara baiThA / isapara hemacandrAcAryakA bahuta prabhAva par3A aura isane dhIre-dhIre jainadharma svIkAra kara liyaa| usake bAda isa rAjAne mAMsAhAra aura zikArakA bhI tyAga kara diyA, tathA apane rAjyameM bhI pazuhiMsA, mAMsAhAra aura madyapAnakA niSedha kara diyA / kamAiyoMko tIna varSakI Aya pezagI de dI gii| brAhmaNoMko yajJameM pazuke badale anAjase havana karanekI AjJA dii| imane aneka jainatIrthoMkI yAtrA kI, aneka jainamandiroMkA nirmANa karAyA / isake samayameM AcArya hemacandrane aneka granthoMko racanA kii| cAlukyoMkA asta honepara 13 vIM zatAbdImeM bagheloMkA

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42 jainadharma I rAjya huA / inake samaya meM vastupAla aura tejapAla nAmaka jaina mantriyoMne AcUke prasiddha mandira banavAye tathA zatruMjaya aura giranArapara bhI jainamandira banavAye / isa prakAra gujarAtameM bhI rAjAzraya milane se jainadharmakI bahuta unnati huI / isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt bihAra, ur3IsA, tathA gujarAta vagairaha meM lagabhaga 2000 varSa taka jainadharmakA khUba abhyudaya huA / isa kAlameM aneka prabhAvazAlI jainAcAryoMne apane upadezoM aura zAstrArthoMke dvArA jainadharmakA prabhAva phailAyA / akele eka samantabhadrane hI samasta bhAratameM ghUma-ghUma kara aneka rAjadarabAroMko apanI vaktRtva zakti aura prakhara tArkika buddhise prabhAvita kiyA thA / anya prAntoMmeM bhI pAye jAnevAle jaina smArakoMse jainadharma ke vistArakA sabUta milatA hai / / 5. rAjapUtAne meM jainadharma sva0 ojhAjIne apane 'rAjapUtAneke itihAsameM likhA hai ki- 'ajamera jileke varlI nAmaka gA~va meM vIra samvat 84 ( vi0 sa0 386 pUrva - I0 saM0 443 pUrva ) kA eka zilAlekha milA hai jo ajamera ke myUjiyama meM surakSita hai / usa parase yaha anumAna hotA hai ki azoka se pahale bhI rAjapUtAne meM jainadharmakA prasAra thA / jaina lekhakoMkA yaha mata haiM ki rAjA sampratine, jo azokakA vaMzaja thA, jainadharmakI khUba unnati kI aura rAjapUtAnA tathA usake AsapAsake pradezameM bhI usane aneka jainamandira banavAye / vi0 saM0 kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM bane mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlAke jaina stUpase tathA vahIMke kucha anya sthAnoMse prApta prAcIna zilAlekhoM aura mUrtiyAMse mAlUma hotA haiM ki usa samaya rAjapUtAne meM bhI jainadharmakA acchA pracAra thA / jainiyoMkI prasiddha prasiddha jAtiyoM, jaise osavAla, khaNDelavAla, bagheravAla, pallIvAla AdikA udaya sthAna rAjapUtAnA hI 1. pra0 khaM0 pU0 10-11 /

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itihAsa 43 mAnA jAtA hai| cittaur3akA prasiddha prAcIna kIrtistambha jainoMkA hI nirmANa karAyA huA hai / udayapura rAjyameM kezariyAnAtha jainoMkA prAcIna pavitra sthAna hai jisakI pUjA vandanA jainetara bhI karate haiM / 'rAjapUtAnemeM jainoMne rAjatva, maMtritva aura senA - patitvakA kArya jisa caturAI aura kauzalase kiyA hai usase unheM rAjapUtAneke itihAsameM amara nAma prApta hai| rAjapUtAnene hI duDhArI hindI kucha aise dhArmika jaina vidvAnoMko paidA kiyA jinhoMne saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAke granthoMpara hindImeM TIkAe~ likhakara janatAkA bhArI upakAra kiyaa| rAjapUtAne ke jaisalamera, jayapura, nAgauda, Amera Adi sthAnoM meM prAcIna zAstra bhaDAra haiM 6. madhyaprAnta meM jainadharma madhyaprAntakA sabase bar3A rAjavaMza kalacUri vaMza thA jisakA prAbalya AThavIM nauvIM zatAbdI meM bahuta bar3hA | ye kalacurinareza prArambha meM jainadharma ke popaka the| kucha zilAlekhoM meM aisA ullekha milatA hai ki kalabhra logoMne tamila dezapara car3hAI kI thI aura vahA~ke rAjAoMko parAsta karake apanA rAjya jamAyA thA / prophesara rAmasvAmI AyaMgarane siddha kiyA hai ki ye kalavaMzI rAjA jainadharmake pakke anuyAyI the / inake namila dezameM pahu~canese vahA~ jainadharmakI bar3I unnati huii| ina kalako kalacurivaMzakI zAkhA samajhA jAtA hai / inake vaMzaja nAgapurake AsapAsa aba bhI maujUda haiM jo kalAra kahalAte haiM / ye kabhI jaina the | madhyaprAntake kalacuri-nareza jainadharmaka poSaka the isakA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki inakA rASTrakUTa narezoMse ghaniSTha sambandha thA / donoM rAjavaMzoMmeM aneka vivAha samvandha hue Zhi aura rASTrakUTanareza jainadharmake upAsaka the / 1 1. 'rAjapUtAne ke jaina vIra' / 2. Studies in South Indian Jainism P. 53-56.

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44 jainadharma kalacurI rAjadhAnI tripurI aura ratanapura meM aba bhI aneka prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ aura khaNDahara vidyamAna haiN| __ isa prAntameM jainoMke aneka tIrtha haiM-baitUla jilemeM muktAgiri, sAgara jilemeM damohake pAsa kuNDalapura aura nimAr3a jilemeM siddhavara kSetra apane prAkRtika saundarya ke liye bhI prasiddha haiN| bhalasAka samIpakA 'vIsanagara' jainiyoMkA bahuta prAcIna sthAna hai / zItalanAtha tIrthaGkarakI janmabhUmi honese vaha atizaya kSetra mAnA jAtA hai| janagranthoMmeM isakA nAma bhaddalapura pAyA jAnA hai| bundelakhaNDameM bhI aneka jainatIrtha haiM jinameM, sonAgira, devagar3ha, nayanAgira aura droNagirikA nAma ullekhanIya hai| khajurAhAke prasiddha jainamandira Aja bhI darzanArthiyoMko AkRSTa karate haiN| satarahavIM zatAbdIse yahA~ jainadharmakA hrAsa honA Arambha huA / jahA~ kisI samaya lAkhoM jainI the vahA~ aba jainadharmakA patA jaina mandiroMke khaNDaharoM aura TUTI-phUTI jaina mUrtiyoMse calatA hai| 7. uttarapradezameM jainadharma uttara pradezameM jainadharmakA kendra honeko dRSTise mathurAkA nAma ullekhanIya hai / yahA~ke kaMkAlI Tolese jo lekha prApta hue haiM ve I0 pU0 rI zatAbdIse lekara I0 sa0 5vIM zatAbdI takake haiM, aura isa taraha ye bahuta prAcIna haiN| inase patA calatA hai ki itane sudIrgha kAla taka mathurA nagarI jainadharmakA pradhAna kendra thii| jainadharmake itihAsapara ina zilAlekhoMse spaSTa prakAza par3atA hai| inase patA calatA hai ki jainadharmake siddhAnta aura usakI vyavasthA ati prAcIna hai| yahA~ke prAcInatama zilAlekhase bhI yahA~kA stUpa kaI zatAbdI purAnA hai isake sambandhameM phuharara sA0 'likhate hai 1. myUjiyama riporTa, 1860-61 /

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45 itihAsa 'yaha stUpa itanA prAcIna hai ki isa lekhake likhe jAneke samaya stUpakA Adi vRttAnta logoMko vismRta ho cukA thaa| asalameM uttara pradezameM jainadharmakA itihAsa abhI taka andhakAra meM hai| isaliye uttara pradezake rAjAoMkA jainadharmake sAtha kaisA sambandha thA yaha spaSTa rUpase nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira bhI uttara pradezameM sarvatra jo jaina purAtattvakI sAmagrI milatI hai usase yaha patA calatA hai ki kabhI yahA~ bhI jainadharmakA acchA abhyudaya thA, aura aneka rAjAoMne use Azraya diyA thaa| udAharaNake liye harSavarddhana bar3A pratApI rAjA thaa| lagabhaga samasta uttara pradezameM usakA rAjya thaa| isane pA~ca varSa taka prayAgameM dhArmika mahotsava kraayaa| usameM usane jainadharmake dhArmika puruSoMkA bhI Adara satkAra kiyA thaa| jo rAjA jainadharmakA pAlana nahIM karate the, kintu jainadharmake mArgameM bAdhA bhI nahIM dete the, aise dharmasahiSNu rAjAoMke kAlameM jainadharmakI khUba unnati huii| samagra uttara aura madhya bhAratake sabhI pradezoMmeM pAye jAnevAle jainadharmake cihna isake sAkSI haiN| uttara pradezake jina jiloMmeM Aja nAmamAtrako jainI raha gaye haiM unameM bhI prAcIna jaina cihna pAye jAte haiN| udAharaNake liye gorakhapura jilemeM tahasIla devariyAmeM kuhAU~, va khukhundoke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| ilAhAbAdase dakSiNa pazcima 11 mIlapara devariyA aura bhItAmeM bahutase purAtana khaNDita sthAna haiN| kaniMgghama sA0 kA kahanA hai ki yahA~ jAdovaMzake udayana rAjA rahate the, jo jainadharma pAlate the| unhoMne zrI mahAvIra svAmIkI eka prasiddha mUrtikA nirmANa karAyA thA, jise leneke lie ujjaina ke rAjA aura udayanase eka bar3A yuddha huA thaa| balarAmapura ( avadha ) se pazcima 12 mIlapara 'saheTha maheTha' nAmakA sthAna hai| yahA~ khudAI kI gaI thii| yaha sthAna hI zrAvastI nagarI hai| isake sambandhameM DaoN0 phuhararane apanI riporTameM likhA hai ki 11 vIM zatAbdImeM zrAvastImeM jainadharmakI bahuta

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46 jainadharma unnati thI kyoMki khudAI meM tIrthakaroMkI kaI mUrtiyA~ jinapara saMvat 1112 se 1133 taka khudA hai yahA~ prApta huI haiM / suhRddhvaja zrAvastIke jaina rAjAoMmeM antima rAjA thA / yaha mahamUda gajanIke samayameM huA thA / tIrthasthAna hai / rAjA ho gayA barelI jilemeM ahicchatra nAmakA eka jaina isa para rAjya karanevAlA eka moradhvaja nAmakA haiM jo jaina batalAyA jAtA hai / yahA~ kisI samaya jainadharma kI bahuta unnati thI / yahA~ aneka kher3e haiM jinase jainamUrtiyA~ milI haiM / isI taraha iTAvAse uttara dakSiNa 27 mIlapara paravA nAmakA eka sthAna hai jahA~ jainamandirake dhvaMsa pAye jAte haiN| DaoN0 phuharara kA kahanA hai ki kisI samaya yahA~ jainiyoMkA prasiddha nagara AlabhI basA thA / gvAliyara ke kilemeM vizAla jainamUrtiyoMkI bahutAyata vahA~ke prAcIna rAjagharAnoMkA jainadharma se sambandha sUcita karatI hai / isa prakAra uttara bhAratameM jaina rAjAoM kA ullekhanIya batA na calane para bhI aneka rAjAoMkA jainadharmase sahayoga sUcita hotA hai aura patA calatA hai ki mahAvIrake pazcAt uttara bhArata meM bhI jainadharma khUba phUlA phalA / 8. dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharma uttara bhAratameM jainadharmakI sthitikA darzana karAneke pazcAt dakSiNa bhAratameM Ate haiM / candragupta maurya ke samaya meM uttara bhArata meM 12 varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3anepara jainAcArya bhadrabAhune apane vizAla jainasaMghake sAtha dakSiNa bhAratakI ora prayANa kiyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratameM usa samaya bhI jainadharmakA acchA pracAra thA aura bhadrabAhuko pUrNa vizvAsa thA ki vahA~ unake saMghako kisI prakArakA kaSTa na hogA / yadi aisA na hotA to ve itane bar3e saMghako dakSiNa bhAratakI ora le jAnekA sAhasa

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itihAsa 47 na krte| jaina saMghakI isa yAtrAse dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharmako aura bhI adhika phalane aura phUlanekA avasara milaa| ___ zramaNa saMskRti vaidika saMskRtise sadA udAra rahI hai, usameM bhASA aura adhikArakA vaisA bandhana nahIM rahA jaisA vaidika saMskRtimeM pAyA jAtA hai| jaina tIrthaGkaroMne sadA lokabhASAko apane upadezakA mAdhyama banAyA / jenasAdhu jainadharmake calatephirate pracAraka hote haiN| ve janatAse apanI zarIrayAtrAke liye dinameM eka bAra jo rUkhA-sUkhA kintu zuddha bhojana lete haiM usakA kaI gunA mUlya ve sazikSA aura sadupadezake rUpameM janatAko cukA dete haiM aura zepa samayameM sAhityakA sRjana karake use bhAvI santAnake lie chor3a jAte haiN| aise karmaTa aura janahitanirata sAdhuoMkA samAgama jisa dezameM ho usa dezameM unake pracArakA kucha prabhAva na ho yaha sambhava nahIM / phalataH uttarabhAratake jainasaMghakI dakSiNa yAtrAne dakSiNa' bhAratake jIvanameM 1. pro0 rAma svAmI AyaMgara apanI 'sTaDIja ina mAutha iNDiyana jainijma'-pustakameM likhate hai-'suzikSita jaina sAdhu choTe-choTe mamaha vanAkara samasta dakSiNabhAratameM phaila gaye aura dakSiNakI bhASAoMma apane dhArmika sAhityakA nirmANa karake usake dvArA apane dhArmika vicAroMko dhIre-dhIre kintu sthAyI rUpameM janatAmeM phailAne lge| kintu yaha kalpanA karanA ki ye sAdhu sAdhAraNatayA laukika kAryoma udAsIna rahate the, galata hai| eka sImA taka yaha satya hai ki ye saMsArameM sambaddha nahIM hote the| kintu megAsthanIjake vivaraNase hama jAnate haiM ki IsvI pUrva caturtha zatAbdItaka rAjA loga apane dUtoMke dvArA vanavAsI jaina zramaNoMse rAjakIya mAmaloMmeM svatantratApUrvaka salAha-mazavirA karate the| jaina guruoMne rAjyoMkI sthApanA kI thI, aura ve rAjya zatAbdiyoM taka jaina dharmake prati sahiSNu bane rhe| kintu jainadharmagranthoMmeM raktapAta ke niSedhapara jo atyadhika jora diyA gayA usake kAraNa samasta jaina jAti rAjanaitika adhogatiko prApta ho gii|" pR0 105-106 /

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48 jainadharma eka krAnti paidA kara dii| usakA sAhitya khUba samRddha huA aura vaha jainAcAryoMkI khani tathA jaina saMskRtikA saMrakSaka aura saMvardhaka bana gyaa| jainadharmaka prasArakI dRSTise dakSiNa bhAratako do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai-tamila tathA karnATaka / tamila prAntameM cola aura pAMDyanarezoMne jainadharmako acchA Azraya diyaa| khAravelake zilAlekhase patA calatA hai ki samrAT khAravelake rAjyAbhiSekake avasarapara pAMDyanarezane kaI jahAja upahAra bharakara bheje the / samrAT khAravela jaina thA aura pAMDyanareza bhI jaina the| pAMDyavaMzane jainadharmako na kevala Azraya hI diyA kintu usake AcAra aura vicAroMko bhI apnaayaa| isase unakI rAjadhAnI madurA dakSiNa bhAratameM jainoMkA pramukha sthAna bana gaI thii| tamila grantha 'nAlidiyara' ke sambandhameM kahA jAtA hai ki uttara bhAratameM duSkAla par3anepara ATha hajAra jaina sAdhu pAMDyadezameM Aye the| jaba ve vahA~se vApisa jAne lage to pAMDyanarezane unheM vahIM rakhanA caahaa| taba unhoMne eka dina rAtrike samaya pAMDyanarezakI rAjadhAnIko chor3a diyA kintu calate samaya pratyeka sAdhune eka-eka tAr3apatrapara eka-eka padya likhakara rakha diyaa| inhIMke samudAyase nAlidiyara prantha bnaa| jainAcArya pUjyapAdake ziSya bananandine pAMDyoMkI rAjadhAnI madurAmeM eka vizAla jainasaMghakI sthApanA kI thii| tamila sAhityameM 'kurala' nAmakA nItigrantha sabase bar3hakara samajhA jAtA hai| yaha tamilaveda kahalAtA hai| isake racayitA bhI eka jainAcArya kahe jAte haiM, jinakA eka nAma kundakunda bhI thA / pallavavaMzI zivaskandavarmA mahArAja inake ziSya the| IsAkI dasavIM zatAbdI taka rAjya karanevAle mahApratApI pallava rAjA bhI jainoMpara kRpAdRSTi rakhate the| inakI rAjadhAnI kAMcI sabhI dharmoMkA sthAna thii| cInI yAtrI huenatsAMga sAtavIM zatAbdImeM kAMcI AyA thaa| isane isa nagarImeM phalate-phUlate hue jina dharmoko dekhA

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itihAsa 49 unameM vaha jainoMkA bhI nAma letA hai| isase bhI yaha bAta pramANita hotI hai ki usa samaya kAMcI jainoMkA mukhya sthAna thA / yahA~ jaina rAjavaMzoMne bahuta varSoMtaka rAjya kiyA / isa taraha tamila dezake pratyeka aMgameM jainoMne mahattvapUrNa bhAga liyA / sara vAlTara iliyaTa ke matAnusAra dakSiNakI kalA aura kArIgarIpara jainoMkA bar3A prabhAva haiM, parantu usase bhI adhika prabhAva to unakA tamila sAhityake Upara par3A hai / vizapa kAlDavela ' kA kahanA hai ki jainoM kI unnatikA yuga hI tamila sAhityakA mahAyuga hai| jainoMne tamila, kanar3I aura dUsarI lokabhASAoMkA upayoga kiyA isase janatAke samparka meM ve adhika Aye aura jainadharmake siddhAntoMkA bhI jana sAdhAraNameM khUba pracAra huA / 4 eka samaya kanar3I aura telagu pradezoMse lekara ur3IsA taka jainadharmakA bar3A prabhAva thA / zeSagiri rAvane apane Andhra karna Jainism meM jo kAvya-saMgraha kiyA hai usase patA calatA hai ki Ajake vijagApaTTama, kRSNa, nelora vagairaha pradezoM meM prAcInakAlameM jainadharma phailA huA thA aura usake mandira bane hue the| kintu jainadharma kA sabase mahattvapUrNa sthAna to karnATaka prAntake itihAsa meM milatA hai / yaha prAnta prAcInakAla se hI digambara jaina sampradAyakA mukhya sthAna rahA hai / isa prAntameM maurya sAmrAjyake bAda AndhravaMzakA rAjya huA, Andhra rAjA bhI jainadharmake unnAyaka the / AndhravaMzake pazcAt uttara pazcima 1. Coins of Southern India ( London 1886 ) pR0 38, 40, 126 / R. "Comperative Grammar of the Dravidian or South Indian family of languages" tIsarI AvRtti ( laMDana 1913 ) /

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jainadharma meM kadamboMne aura uttarapUrvameM pallavoMne rAjya kiyaa| kadambavaMzaka aneka zilAlekha mile haiM, jinameMse bahutase lekhoMmeM jainoMko dAna denekA ullekha milatA hai| isa rAjavaMzakA dharma jaina thA / sana 1922-23 kI epigrAphI riporTa meM varNita hai ki vanavAsIke prAcIna kadamba aura cAlukya, jinhoMne pallavoMke pazcAt tuluva dezameM rAjya kiyA, nissandeha jaina the| tathA yaha bhI bahuta saMbhava hai ki prAcIna pallava bhI jaina the; kyoMki saMskRtameM mattavilAsa nAmakA eka prahasana hai jo pallavarAja mahendradevavarmAkA banAyA huA kahA jAtA hai / isa granthameM usa samayake pracalita sampradAyoMkI ha~sI ur3AI gaI hai, jinameM pAzupata, kApAlika aura eka bauddha bhikSuko ha~sIkA pAtra banAyA gayA hai / inameM jainoMko sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki jisa samaya mahendra varmAne isa granthako racA usa samaya vaha jaina thA tathA pIchese zaiva ho gayA kyoMki zaiva-paramparAmeM aisI khyAti hai ki zaiva sAdhu apparane mahendravarmAko zaiva banAyA thaa| ataH kadamboMkI taraha cAlukya bhI jainadharmake pramukha AzrayadAtA the| cAlukyoMne aneka jainamandira banavAye, unakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, unheM dAna diyA aura kanar3Ike prasiddha jaina kavi Adi pampa jaise kaviyoMkA sammAna kiyaa| isake sivA itihAsase yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki karnATakameM mahilAoMne bhI jainadharmake pracAra meM bhAga liyA hai| ina 8. "Ewly kadanabats of Banbasi and Chalukyas, who succeedel pallavas its overlords of Tuut were undoutedly Jains and it is probable that early pailevas tiere the same." 2. 'sAutha iNDiyana hisTrI eNDa kalcara', bhA0 1, pR0 584 / 3. smitha-arlI hisTrI Afa iNDiyA, pR0 444 /

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itihAsa mahilAoMmeM jahA~ rAjagharAnekI mahilAe~ smaraNIya haiM vahA~ sAdhAraNa gharAnekI striyoMkI sevAe~ bhI ullekhanIya haiN| sabase prathama paramagUlakI patnI kaMdAcchikA nAma ullekhanIya hai| usane zrIpura nAmaka sthAnake uttarI bhAgameM eka jainamandira banavAyA thaa| paramagRlakI prArthanApara gaMganRpati zrIpuruSane isa mandirako eka prAma tathA kucha anya bhU-bhAga pradAna kiye the| isa mahilAkA gaMga rAjaparivArapara kAphI prabhAva thaa| dUsarI ullekhanIya mahilA jakkiyabve hai| yaha sattarasa nAgArjunakI patnI thI jo nAgara khaNDakA zAsaka thaa| patike maranepara rAjAne 'usakI jagaha usakI patnIko niyukta kiyaa| patnIne apUrva sAhasa aura vIratAkA paricaya diyA aura sallekhanA pUrvaka prANoMkA tyAga kiyaa| IsAkI dasavIM zatImeM pazcimI cAlukya rAjA tailapakA senApati mallappa thaa| usakI putrI attimavve Adarza dharmacAriNI thii| usane apane vyayase sone aura kImatI pattharoM kI Der3ha hajAra mUrtiyA~ banavAI thAM / rAjendra koMgAlvakI mAtA pocavvarAsine I0 1050 meM eka vasadi banavAI thii| kadambarAjA kIrtidevakI prathama patnI mAlaladevIkA sthAna bhoM dharmapremI mahilAoM meM atyanta U~cA hai / isane 1077 I0 meM padmanandi siddhAntadevake dvArA pArzvanAtha caityAlaya banavAyA aura pramukha brAhmaNoMko AmaMtrita karake unhoMke dvArA usa jinAlayakA nAmakaraNa 'brahmajinAlaya' krvaayaa| nAgara khaNDake dhArmika itihAsa meM caTTala devIkA khAsa sthAna hai / yaha sAntara parivArakI thii| sAntara parivAra jainamatAvalambI thA aura usakA dharmaprema vikhyAta hai| isa mahilAne sAntaroMkI rAjadhAnI pomvuccapurameM jinAlayoMkA nirmANa karAyA aura aneka paropakAra sambandhI kArya kiye| yahA~ dakSiNa bhAratake rAjanaitika itihAsake sambandhameM thor3A prakAza DAlanA ucita hogA / gaMga rAjAoMne maisUrake eka bahuta

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52 jainadharma bar3e bhAgapara IsAkI dUsarI zatAbdIse lekara gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka rAjya kiyaa| usake pazcAna ve coloMke dvArA parAjita hue| kintu cola lambe samaya taka rAja nahIM kara sake aura zIghra hI hoyasaloMke dvArA nikAla bAhara kiye gaye / hoyasaloMne eka pRthaka rAjavaMza sthApita kiyA jo 11vIM zatI taka kAyama rhaa| prAcIna cAlukyoMne chaThI zatIke lagabhaga apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA aura prabala zAsanake pazcAta do bhAgoMmeM ba~Ta gaye-eka pUrvIya cAlukya aura dUsarA pazcimIya cAlukya / pUvIya cAlukyoMne 750 I0 se 11 vIM zatI taka rAjya kiyaa| usake pazcAt unake rAjya coloMke dvArA milA liye gye| pazcimIya cAlukya 750 I0 ke lagabhaga rASTrakUToMse parAjita hue| rASTrakUToMne 973 I0 naka apanI: svataMtratA kAyama rkhii| usake pazcAt ve pazcimIya cAlukyoMse parAjita hue / cAlukyoMne lagabhaga do sau varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| usake pazcAt kAlAcUriyoMse ve parAjita hue| kAlAcUriyoMne tIsa varSa rAjya kiyaa| aba pratyeka rAjAMzake samayameM jainadharmakI sthitikA digdarzana karAyA jAtA hai| 1. gaMgavaMza isa vaMzakI sthApanA IsAkI dUsarI zatImeM jainAcArya siMhanandine kI thii| isakA prathama rAjA mAdhava thA, jise koMgaNI varmA kahate haiM / muSkAra athavA mukhArake samayameM jainadharma rAjadharma bana gayA thaa| tIsare aura cauthe rAjAoMko chor3akara usake zeSa pUrvaja nizcaya se jainadharmake sahAyaka the| mAdhavakA uttarAdhikArI avanIta jaina thA / avanItakA uttarAdhikArI durvinIta prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa jainAcArya pUjyapAdakA ziSya thaa| IsAkI cauthIse bArahavIM zatAbdI takake aneka zikhAlekhoMse yaha bAta pramANita hai ki gaMgavaMzake zAsakoMne jainamandiroMkA 1 'sToja ina sAutha inDiyana jainijma' pR0 107 /

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itihAsa 53 nirmANa kiyA, jainapratimAoMkI sthApanA kI, jaina tapasviyoMke nimitta guphAe~ taiyAra karAI aura jainAcAryoMko dAna diyaa| ___isa vaMzake eka rAjAkA nAma mArasiMha dvitIya thA / isakA zAsanakAla cera, cola aura pANDya vaMzoMpara pUrNa vijaya prAptike liye prasiddha hai / yaha jaina siddhAntoMkA saccA anuyAyI thaa| isane atyanta aizvaryapUrvaka rAjya karake rAjapada tyAga diyA aura dhAravAra prAntake vAMkApura nAmaka sthAnameM apane guru ajitasenake sanmukha samAdhipUrvaka prANatyAga kiyaa| eka zilAlekhake AdhArapara isakI mRtyu tithi 975 I. nizcita kI gaI hai| ___ cAmuNDarAya rAjA mArasiMha dvitIyakA suyogya maMtrI thaa| usake maranepara vaha usake putra rAjA rAcamallakA maMtrI aura senApati huaa| isa maMtrIke zauryake kAraNa hI mArasiMha aneka vijaya prApta kara skaa| zravaNavelagolA (maisUra) ke eka zilAlekhameM isakI bar3I prazaMsA kI gaI hai, dharamadhurandhara vIramArtaNDa, raNaraMgasiMha, tribhuvanavIra, vairIkulakAladaNDa, satyayudhiSThira, subhaTacUr3AmaNi Adi usakI aneka upAdhiyA~ thIM, jo usakI zUravIratA aura dhArmikatAko batalAtI haiM / cAmuNDarAyane hI zravaNavelagolA (maisUra ) ke vindhyagiripara gomaTezakI vizAlakAya mUrti sthApita karAI thI, jo mUrti Aja duniyAkI aneka Azcaryajanaka vastuoMmeM ginI jAtI hai / vRddhAvasthAmeM cAmuNDarAyane apanA adhikAMza samayadhArmika kAryoM meM bitaayaa| camuNDarAya jainadharmake upAsaka to the hI, marmajJa vidvAna bhI the| unakA kanar3I bhASAkA tripaSThi-lakSaNa mahApurANa prasiddha hai| saMskRtameM bhI unakA banAyA huA cAritrasAra nAmaka grantha hai| cAmuNDarAyakI gaNanA jainadharmake mahAna unnAyakoMmeM kI jAtI haiM / inake samayameM jaina sAhityakI bhI zrIvRddhi huI / siddhAnta granthoMkA sArabhUna zrIgomaTTasAra nAmaka mahAna jaina grantha inhoMke nimittase racA gayA thaa| aura unhIMke gommaTarAya nAmapara

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jainadharma isakA nAmakaraNa kiyA gayA thaa| yaha kanar3Ike prasiddha kavi ranake AzrayadAtA bhI the| gaMgarAja parivArakI mahilAeM bhI apanI dharmazIlatAke liye prasiddha haiN| eka prazastimeM gaMga mahAdevIko 'jinendrake caraNa kamaloMmeM lubdha bhramarI' kahA hai| yaha mahilAbhujabala gaMga hemmADi mAndhAtA bhUpakI patnI thii| rAjA mArasiMhakI choTI bahanakA nAma muggipavvarasi thaa| yaha jaina muniyoMkI bar3I bhakta thI aura unheM sadA AhAra dAna kiyA karatI thii| jaba cola rAjAne I0ma0 1004 meM gaMganarezakI rAjadhAnI talakAdako jIta liyA, tabase isa vaMzakA pratApa maMda ho gyaa| bAdako bhI isa vaMzake rAjAoMne rAja to kiyA, kintu phira ve uTha nahIM sake / isase jainadharmako bhI kSati phuNcii| 2. hoyasala vaMza isa vaMzakI unnatimeM bhI eka jainamunikA hAtha thaa| isa vaMzakA pUrvaja rAjA sala thA / eka bAra yaha rAjA apanI kuladevIke mandirameM sudattanAmake jaina sAdhuse vidyA grahaNa karatA thA / acAnaka vanameMse nikalakara eka bAgha salapara TUTa pdd'aa| sAdhune eka daNDa salako dekara kahA-'popa sala' (mAra sl)| salane vAghako mAra DAlA / isa ghaTanAko smaraNa rakhaneke liye usane apanA nAma 'popasala' rakhA, pIchese yahI 'hoyasala' ho gyaa| . gaMgavaMzakI taraha isa vaMzake rAjA bhI viTTideva taka barAbara jainadharmI rahe aura unhoMne jainadharmake liye bahuta kucha kiyA / 'dIvAna bahAdura kRSNa svAmI AyaMgarane viSNu varddhana viTTidevake samayameM maisUra rAjyakI dhArmika sthiti batalAte hue likhA hai-'usa samaya maisUra prAyaH jaina thaa| gaMga rAjA jainadharmake 1. Ancient India P. 738-739.

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itihAsa 55 anuyAyI the / kintu lagabhaga I0 1000 meM jainoMke viruddha vAtAvaraNa ne jora pkdd'aa| usa samaya coloMne maisUrako jItanekA prayatna kiyA / phalasvarUpa gaMgavAr3I aura nolambavAr3IkA eka bar3A pradeza coloMke adhikArameM calA gayA, aura isa taraha maisUra dezameM coloMke zaivadharma aura cAlukyoMke jainadharmakA AmanA sAmanA ho gayA / jaba viSNuvardhanane maisUrakI rAjanIti meM bhAga liyA usa samaya maisUrakI dhArmika sthiti anizcita thI / yadyapi jainadharma pravala sthitimeM thA phira bhI zevadharma aura vaiSNava dharma ke bhI anuyAyI the / I0 1116 ke lagabhaga viTTidevako rAmAnujAcAryane vaiSNava banA liyA aura usane apanA nAma viSNuvardhana rakhA / ' viSNuvardhanakI pahalI patnI zAntaladevI jaina thI / zravaNavelagolA tathA anya sthAnoMse prApta zilAlekhoM meM usake dharmakAyoMkI bar3I prazaMsA kI gaI hai| zAMtala devIkA pitA kaTTara zaiva aura mAtA jaina thI / zAntala devIke mara jAne para jaba usake mAtA pitA bhI mara gaye to unakA jAmAtA apane dharmase cyuta ho gayA / kintu phira bhI jainadharmase usakI sahAnubhUti banI rahI / usane apanI vijayake upalakSa meM halevIDake jinAlaya meM sthApita jainamUrtikA nAma 'vijaya pArzvanAtha' rkkhaa| usake maMtrI gaMgarAja to jainadharmake eka bhArI stambha the / unakI dhArmikatA aura dAnavIratAkA vivaraNa aneka zilAlekhoMmeM milatA hai| inakI patnIkA nAma bhI jainadharmake pracArake sambandhameM ati prasiddha hai / usane kaI jinamandiroMkA nirmANa karAyA thA jinake liye gaMgarAjane udAratApUrvaka bhUmidAna diyA thA / viTTideva ke pazcAt narasiMha prathama rAjA huaa| isake maMtrI hullappane jainadharmakI bar3I unnati kI / usane jainoMke khoye hue prabhAvako phirase sthApita karanekA prayatna kiyA / kintu hoyasala rAjAoMke dvArA saMrakSita vaiSNava 1. 'sTaDIz2a ina sAutha inDiyana jainijma' /

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jainadharma dharmakI dUta abhyunnati, rAmAnuja tathA kucha zaiva netAoMkA vyavasthina aura kramabaddha virodha, aura liMgAyatoke bhayAnaka AkramaNane maisUra pradezameM jainadharmakA patana kara diyaa| kintu bhUla kara bhI yaha kalpanA nahIM karanI cAhie ki vahA~se janadharmakI jar3a hI ukhar3a gii| kintu vaiSNava tathA anya vaidika sampradAyoMke kramika abhyutthAnake kAraNa usakA caitanya jAtA rahA / yoM to jainadharmake anuyAyiyoMkI taba bhI acchI saMkhyA thI kintu phira ve koI rAjanaitika prabhAva nahIM prApta kara ske| bAdake maisUra rAjAoMne jainoMko koI kaSTa nahIM diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, kintu unakI sahAyatA bhI kii| muslima zAsaka haidara nAyaka taka ne bhI jaina mandiroMko gA~va pradAna kiye the yadyapi usane zravaNavelagolA tathA anya pradezoMke mahotsava banda kara diye the| 3. rASTrakUTa vaMza rASTrakUTa rAjA apane samayake bar3e pratApI rAjA the| inake Azrayase jainadharmakA acchA abhyutthAna huaa| inakI rAjadhAnI pahale nAsikake pAsa meM thii| pIche mAnyakheTako inhoMne apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA / isa vaMzake jainadharmI rAjAoMmeM amoghavarSa prathamakA nAma ullekhanIya hai| yaha rAjA digambara jainadharmakA bar3A premI thA / apanI antima avasthAmeM isane rAjapATa chor3akara jina dIkSA le lI thii| inake guru prasiddha jainAcArya jinasena the| jinasenake ziSya guNabhadrane apane uttarapurANameM likhA hai ki amoghavarSa apane guru jinasenake caraNakamaloM kI vandanA karake apaneko pavitra huA mAnatA thaa| isane jaina mandiroMko dAna diyA, tathA isake samayameM jaina sAhityakI bhI khUba unnati huI / digambara jaina siddhAnta anthoMkI dhavalA aura jayadhavalA nAmako TIkAoMkA nAmakaraNa isIke dhavala aura atizaya dhavala nAmake Upara huA samajhA jAtA hai| zAkaTAyana vaiyA

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itihAsa 57 karaNane apane zAkaTAyana nAmaka jaina vyAkaraNapara isIke nAma se amoghavRtti nAmakI TIkA bnaaii| isIke samaya meM jainAcArya mahAvIra ne apane gaNitasArasaMgraha nAmaka granthako racanA kI, jisake prArambhameM amoghavarSakI mahimAkA varNana vistArase kiyA gayA hai / amoghavarpane svayaM bhI 'praznottara ratnamAlA' nAmakI eka pustikA rcii| svAmI jinasenane bhI aneka grantha race / amoghavarSane jinasenake ziSya guNabhadrako bhI Azraya diyA / guNabhadrane apane guru jinasenake adhUre grantha AdipurANako pUrNa kiyA aura anya bhI aneka grantha race / amoghavarSakA putra akAlavarSa bhI jainadharmakA premI thaa| isake samayameM guNabhadrane apanA uttarapurANa pUrNa kiyaa| isane bhI jainamandiroMko dAna diyA aura jaina vidvAnoMkA sammAna kiyA / jaba pazcimake cAlukyoMne rASTrakUToM kI sattAkA anta kara diyA to isa vaMzake antima rAjA 'indrane apane rAjyako punaH prApta karanekA yatna kiyA kintu use saphalatA nahIM milI / antameM usane jina dIkSA dhAraNa karake zravaNabelagolA meM samAdhipUrvaka prANoMkA tyAga kiyA / lokAditya inakA sAmaMta aura vanavAsa dezakA rAjA thA / guNabhadrAcAryane ise bhI jainadharmakI vRddhi karanevAlA aura mahAn yazasvI batalAyA hai / 4. kadamba vaMza yadyapi yaha vaMza brAhmaNa dharmAnuyAyI thA, kintu isake kucha narezoMkI dhArmika nIti bar3I udAra thI aura kucha to jainadharmake pratipAlaka bhI the / isa vaMzake pA~cave rAjA kAkutsthavarmAne apane eka jaina senApati zrutakIrtiko arhantoMke liye bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| kAkutsthavarmAke pautra mRgezavarmAne apane rAjyake tIsare varSameM arhantadevake pUjanAdike liye bhUmidAna kiyA thA / tathA apane rAjyake caturtha varSa meM eka gAMvako tIna bhAgoM meM

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janadharma vibhAjita karake eka bhAga jinendrake liye, dUsarA bhAga zvetAmbara zramaNasaMghako tIsarA bhAga digambara zramaNa saMghake liye pradAna kiyA thA / AThaveM varSa meM usane palAsikA nAmaka sthAnameM eka jinAlaya banavAkara kucha bhUmi yApanIyoMke tathA niyaMrtha sampradAyake kUrcakoMke liye pradAna kI thI / mRgezavarmA ke tIna beToMmeM se ravivarmA usakA uttarAdhikArI huA / senApati zrutakIrtike pautra jayakIrtine kadamba rAjAoMke dvArA paramparAse prApta purukheTaka gAMva ravivarmAkI AjJAse yApanIya saMghake kumAradatta pramukha AcAryoMko dAnameM de diyA / ravivarmAkA rAjyakAla sAdhAraNataH san 478 se 513 I0 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai / ravivarmAkA uttarAdhikArI usakA putra harivarmA huaa| usane apane rAjyake caturtha varSameM apane cAcA zivarathake upadezase palAzikA meM siMhasenApatike putra mRgezavarmAke dvArA nirmArpita jaina mandirako aSTAhnikA pUjAke liye tathA sarvasaMghake bhojanake hetu kUrcakoM ke vAriSeNAcArya saMghake hAthameM vasuntavATaka prAma dAnameM diyA / tathA apane rAjyake pAMcave varSa meM rAjA bhAnuvarmA kI prArthanApara ahiriSTa nAmaka dUsare zramaNa saMghake liye marade nAmaka gAMva dAnameM diyA / harivarmAkA rAjyakAla san 513 se 534 I0 meM mAnA jAtA hai / 58 5. cAlukya vaMza isa vaMzakI eka zAkhA, jise pazcimI cAlukya kahA jAtA hai, vAtApI (bAdAmI ) nAmaka sthAnameM 6 vIM IsvIse 8 vIM IsvI taka rAjya karatI rhii| pIche do zatAbdI bAda 10vIM se 12 vIM taka kalyANI nAmaka sthAna se zAsana karatI rahI / pUrvI cAlukya nAmase prasiddha dUsarI zAkhA Andhrapradezake veMgI nAmaka sthAnase 7 vIM zatAbdIse 11-12 vIM zatAbdI taka rAjya karatI rahI /

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itihAsa pazcimI cAlukya isa vaMzakA sabase prAcIna dAnapatra zaka saM0 411 (489 I0 ) kA Ar3ate se milA hai / yaha satyAzraya pulakezIkA hai / usake anusAra rAjA pulakezIne cola, cera, kerala, siMhala aura kaliMgake rAjAoMko apanA karar3ha banA liyA thA / tathA pANDya Adi rAjAoMko daNDita kiyA thA / lekhakA mukhya uddezya yaha hai ki rAjA pulakezIke zAsanakAlameM sendrakavaMzI sAmanta sAmiyArane alaktaka nagarameM eka jaina mandira banavAyA thA, aura rAjAjJA lekara candra grahaNa ke samaya kucha jamIna aura gAMva dAna meM diye the / 59 pulakezI prathamakA uttarAdhikArI usakA putra kIrtivarmA thA / usane kucha saradAroMke nivedana para jina mandirakI pUjAke liye kucha bhUmidAna dI thI / kIrtivarmA prathamakA putra pulakezI dvitIya huA / usake kAlakA eka prasiddha lekha eholese prApta huA hai use jaina kavi ravikIrtine racA hai / bhAratavarSakA tatkAlIna rAjanItika itihAsa jAnaneke liye yaha lekha bar3e mahattva - kA hai / lekhake anusAra pulakezI uttarabhAratake samrATa harSavarddhanakA samakAlIna thA / usane dakSiNakI ora bar3hate hue harSavarddhanakA harSa vigalita kara diyA thaa| ravikIrti pulakezIkA Azrita thA aura usane zaka saM0 556 meM eka jainamandira banavAyA thA / isI vaMzake vikramAditya dvitIya ne puligere nagara meM dhavala jinAlayakI marammata tathA sajAvaTa karAI thI / tathA mUlasaMgha devagaNake vijayadeva paNDitAcArya ke liye jinapUjA prabandhake hetu bhUmidAna diyA thA / vikramAditya dvitIyake bAda cAlukyavaMzake bure dina Aye / gaMga aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoMne usakA sAmrAjya naSTa bhraSTa kara DAlA / lagabhaga 200 varSoM taka yaha phira panapa na sakA / isa kAlameM usakA sthAna rASTrakUTa vaMzako milA /

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jainadharma san 974 ke lagabhaga tailapa dvitIyane isa vaMzakA punaruddhAra karake kalyANIko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA / yaha tailapa dvitIya mahAna kannar3a jaina kavi rannakA : AzrayadAtA thA / yaha dhArAnareza muMja aura bhojakA samakAlIna thA / isake hAthase hI muMjakI mRtyu huI thii| isake putra aura uttarAdhikArI satyAzraya irivaveDeMgake jaina guru dravir3asaMgha kundakundAnvayake vimalacandra paNDitadeva the / isane 997 I0 se 1009 I0 taka rAjya kiyA / tailapa dvitIyakA pautra tathA satyAzrayakA bhatIjA jayasiMha tRtIya thA / yaha nareza aneka jaina vidvAnoMkA AzrayadAtA thA / isake samaya ke pramukha jaina vidvAna the vAdirAja, dayApAla evaM puSpaSeNa siddhAntadeva / vAdirAjakI eka upAdhi jagadekamallavAdI thI / yaha upAdhi jayasiMha tRtIyane apane darabAra meM unheM hI thI / 60 isa rAjAkA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI somezvara prathama thA / isakI upAdhiyAM Ahavamalla aura trailokyamalla thiiN| isane 1042 I0 se 1068 I0 taka rAjya kiyA / isakI rAnI ketaladevIke adhIna cAMkirAjane tribhuvanatilaka jinAlaya meM tIna vediyAM bnvaaii| isa rAjAne ajitasena bhaTTArakako zabdacaturmukhakI upAdhi dI thI / ajitasena bhaTTArakakI anya upAdhiyAM vAdIbhasiMha aura tarkika cakravartI thIM / isa rAjAke jyeSThaputra somezvara dvitIyane bho jainadharmakA saMrakSaNa kiyA thA / isane san 2074 meM zAntinAtha mandirake liye mUlasaMghAnvaya tathA kANUragaNake kulacandradevako bhUmidAna kiyA thA / somezvara dvitIyake bhAI vikramAditya paSThane san 1076 se 1126 taka rAjya kiyA / yaha bar3A pratApI rAjA thA / isIko lekara kavi vilDane vikramAGkadeva carita kAvya likhA hai, isakI eka upAdhi gaMgapemanaDi thI kyoMki usakI mAM gaMgavaMzakI rAjakumArI thii| usane cAlukya gaMgapermAnaDi caityAlaya banavAyA

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itihAsa thA / / aura usake prabandhake lie eka gA~va mUlasaMgha, senagaNa aura pogarigacchake rAmasena muniko dAnameM diyA thaa| isa rAjAne velgolA pradezameM kaI jinAlaya banavAye the jinheM rAjAdhirAja colane jalA diyA / __pUrvIya cAlukya vaMzako zAkhAko paramparA pulakezI dvitIyake bhAI kubja viSNuvarddhanase calatI hai| isane sana 615 se 623 I0 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| isa zake kucha rAjAoMne jainadharmakA acchI taraha saMrakSaNa kiyA thaa| ammArAja vijayAdityane kaTakAbharaNa jinAlayakI pUjAdike hetu yApanIyasaMgha nandigacchake eka muniko grAma dAnameM diyA thaa| tathA marnalokAzraya jina bhavanakI marammata Adike lie valahArigaNa, aDukali gacchake arhanandi muniko kalacumbarU nAmaka gA~vadAnameM diyA thaa| 6. kAlAcuri rAjyameM jainoMkA vinAza cAlukyoMkA rAjya bahuta thor3e samaya taka hI rahA; kyoMki unheM kAlAcUriyoMne nikAla bAhara kiyA / yadyapi kAlAcUriyoMkA rAjya bhI bahuta thor3e samaya taka hI raha sakA kintu jainadharmake vinAzakI dRSTise vaha smaraNIya hai| ___mahAna kAlAcUrinareza vijjala jaina thaa| kintu usakA samaya liMgAyata sampradAyake udgama aura zivabhaktike punarujjIvana kI dRSTise ullekhanIya hai| vijjalake atyAcArI mantrI vasavake netRtvameM isa sampradAyane jainoMko vahuta kaSTa diyaa| _ vijalarAja caritake anusAra vasavane apane svAmI jaina rAjA vijalakI hatyAke lie kyA-kyA nahIM kiyaa| phalataH use dezase nikAla diyA gyaa| aura nirAza hokara vaha svayaM eka kueM meM gira gyaa| kintu usake anuyAyioMne usake isa prANatyAgako "dharmapara validAna' kA rUpa diyA aura liMgAyata sampradAyake viSayameM lalita aura sarala bhASAmeM sAhitya taiyAra karake dezameM sarvatra vitarita kiyaa| tathA jina liMgAyata netAoM

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62 jainadharma ne kAlAcUri sAmrAjyake andara jainoMke vinAzameM bahuta bar3I sahAyatA kI unake nAmoMke cAroM ora aneka kapolakalpita kathAe~ juTa gaIM / aisI eka kathA jo usa samayake zilAlekha meM aMkita hai yahA~ dI jAtI hai ziva aura pArvatI eka zaiva santake sAtha kailAsa parvatapara vicara rahe the| itane meM nArada Aye, unhoMne jainoM aura bauddhoMkI bar3hatI huI zaktikI sUcanA dii| zivane vIrabhadrako AjJA dI ki tuma saMsAra meM jAkara mAnava yonimeM janma lo aura ina dharmoMko naSTa karo | AjJAnusAra vIrabhadrane puruSottama paTTa nAmake vyaktiko svapna diyA ki maiM tumhAre gharameM putrarUpameM janma lU~gA / svapna satya huA / bAlakakA nAma rAma rakhA gayA aura zaivake rUpameM usakA lAlana pAlana huA / zivakA bhakta honese use ekAntada rAmaiyA kahate the| kiMvadantIke anusAra yaha rAmaiyyA hI usa dezameM jainadharmake vinAzake lie uttaradAyI hai / kathAmeM likhA hai ki eka dina rAmaiyA zivakI pUjA karatA thA / usa samaya jainoMne use caileMja diyA ki vaha apane devatAkA devatva siddha kare / rAmaiyAne caileMja svIkAra kara liyA / yaha taya huA ki rAmaiyA apanA sira kATakara phira jor3a de / yadi vaha aisA kara sakA to jainoMne apane mandira khAlI karake usa dezako chor3a denekA vacana diyA / rAmaiyAne sira kATakara phira jor3a liyA aura jainoMse apanA vAdA pUrA karaneke lie kahA | jainoMne asvIkAra kara diyaa| yaha sunate hI rAmaiyAne jainoMke mandiroMko naSTa-bhraTa karanA prArambha kiyaa| jainoMne vijjalase jAkara zikAyata kii| vijjala zaivoMpara bahuta kruddha huA / kintu rAmaiyAne vijjalako apanA camatkAra dikhAkara zaiva banA liyA / vijjalane jainoMko Adeza diyA ki ve zaivoMke sAtha zAntipUrvaka bartAva kreN| 1. sTaDIz2a ina sA0 i0 jainijma, pR0 113 /

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itihAsa kalcurI rAjyameM jenoMke vinAzakI sAkSI denevAlI isa taraha kI kathAe~ aura ghaTanAe~ zaiva granthoM meM aneka milatI haiN| 7. vijayanagara rAjya isa taraha dakSiNa bhAratameM yadyapi jainadharma rAjAzraya vihIna ho gyaa| phira bhI guNagrAhI rAjA loga jaina guruoM, vidvAnoM aura netAoMkA yathocita Adara karate the| aise rAjAoMmeM vijayanagara sAmrAjyake zAsakoMkA nAma ullekhanIya hai| yaha rAjya vaidikadharmakA poSaka thA kintu isake rAjA vibhinna matavAloMke prati udAratAkA vyavahAra karate the| tathA isa rAjyake ucca padastha karmacAriyoMmeM adhikAMza jainadharmAvalambI the / isaliye rAjAoMko bhI jainadharmakA vizepa khyAla rakhanA par3atA thaa| harihara dvitIyake senApati irugappa kaTTara jainadharmAnuyAyI the| unhoMne 59 varSa taka vijayanagara rAjyake U~ce padoMko yogyatApUrvaka nivAhA aura jainadharmakI unnatike liye barAbara prayatna karate rahe / irugappake anya sahayogiyoMne bhI jainadharmakI pUrI sahAyatA kI aura usake pracAra meM kAphI yogadAna diyaa| vijayanagarakI rAniyA~ bhI jainadharma pAlatI thiiN| zravaNavelagolake eka zilAlekhase devarAya mahArAjakI rAnI bhImAdevIkA jaina hAnA prakaTa ha 1368 ke eka zilAlekhase patA calatA hai ki jainoMne vukkArAya prathamase prArthanA kI ki vaiSNava loga jainoMke sAtha anyAya karate haiM / rAjAne kAphI jA~ca par3atAlake bAda jainoM aura vaiSNavoMmeM mela karA diyA tathA yaha AjJA prakAzita kI "yaha jaina darzana pahalakI hI bhA~ti paJca mahAzada aura kalazakA adhikArI hai| yadi koI vaiSNava kisI bhI prakAra jainiyoMko kSati pahu~cAve to vaiSNavoMko use vaiSNavadharmakI ati samajhanA cAhiye / vaiSNava loga jagaha-jagaha isa bAtakI tAkIdake liye zAsana kAyama kreN| jaba taka sUrya aura candrakA

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jainadharma astitva hai taba taka vaiSNava loga jaina darzanakI rakSA kreNge| vaiSNava aura jaina eka hI haiM unheM alaga alaga nahIM samajhanA cAhiye / vaiSNavoM aura jainoMse jo kara liyA jAtA hai usase zravaNabelagolAke liye rakSakoMkI niyukti kI jAya aura yaha niyukti vaiSNavoMke dvArA ho| tathA usase jo dravya vace usase jinAlayoMkI marammata karAI jAye aura unapara cUnApotA jaaye| isa prakAra ve prativarpa dhanadAna denese na cUkeMge aura yaza tathA sammAna prApta kreNge| jo isa AjJAkA ullaMghana karegA vaha rAjadrohI aura saMpradAyadrohI hogaa|" eka dUsare zilAlekhase jainoM aura vIra zavoMke vivAdakA patA calatA hai / yaha lekha 1638 I0 kA hai, yaha jainadharmakI prazaMsAse zurU hotA hai ora zivakI prazaMsAse isakA anta hotA hai| - mAmalA yaha thA ki kisI vIra zaivane vijayapAva vasadike khambhepara zivaliMgakI sthApanA kara dI aura vijayappA nAmake eka dhanI jaina vyApArIne use naSTa kara diyaa| isase bar3A kSobha phailA aura jainoMne vIra zaiva matake netAoMke pAsa isa mAmaleke nipaTAreke liye prArthanA kii| yaha nizcaya kiyA gayA ki jaina loga pahale vibhUti aura velapatra zivaliMgako car3hAkara apanA ArAdhanapUjana kreN| isake upalakSyameM vIra zaivenei jainiyoMke prati apanA sauhArda pradarzita karaneke liye ukta nirNayameM itanA jor3a diyA'jo koI bhI jaidharmakA virodha karegA vaha zivadrohI samajhA jAyegA / vaha vibhUti rudrAkSa tathA kAzI aura rAmezvarake ziva liMgoMkA drohI samajhA jaayegaa| zilAlekhake antameM jina zAsanakI jaya ho' isa AzayakA vAkya likhA huA hai| __isa taraha caudahavIM zatImeM Akara sAmpradAyika dveSa kucha kama huA aura jainadharmakA dakSiNa bhAratase yadyapi samUla nAza to nahIM ho sakA, phira bhI vaha kSINaprabha ho gyaa|

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5 2. siddhAnta jainadharma kyA hai ? jainadharma ke siddhAnta jAnanese pahale yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka ki jainadharma hai kyA ? jainadharma zabda do zabdoMke melase banA haiM - eka zabda hai 'jaina' aura dUsarA zabda hai 'dharma' / jaise viSNuko devatA mAnanevAle vaiSNava aura zivako devatA mAnanevAle zaiva kahalAte haiM, aura unake dharmako vaiSNavadharma yA zaivadharma kahate haiM vaise hI 'jina' ko devatA mAnanevAle jaina kahalAte haiM aura unake dharmako jainadharma kahate haiM / sAdhAraNatayA 'jainadharma' kA yahI artha samajhA jAtA hai / kintu isakA eka dUsarA artha bhI haiM, jo isa arthase kahIM mahattvapUrNa hai / vaha artha hai - 'jina' ke dvArA kahA gayA dharma / arthAt 'jina' ne jisa dharmakA kathana kiyA hai, upadeza kiyA hai vaha dharma hai jainadharma | zaivadharma yA vaiSNavadhamaM meM yaha artha nahIM ghaTanA ; kyoMki ziva yA viSNune svayaM kisI dharmakA upadeza nahIM kiyaa| ve to devatA mAne gaye haiM / aura vAda meM jaba bahudevatAvAdakaM sthAna meM ekezvara bhAvanAkA udaya huA to donoM Izvara ke rUpa kahalAye / pIchese zrIkRSNako viSNukA pUrNAvatAra mAna liyA gyaa| unake bhaktoMkA dharma to mUlameM vedavihita kriyAnuSThAna hI hai / kintu 'jina' IzvarIya avatAra nahIM hote, ve to svayaM apane paurupake balapara apane kAmakrodhAdi vikAroMko jItakara 'jina' banate haiM / 'jina' zabdakA artha hotA hai-- jiitnevaalaa| jisane apane Atmika vikAroMpara pUrI taraha se vijaya prApta kara lI vahI 'jina' hai| jo 'jina' banate haiM ve hama prANiyoMmeMse hI banate haiM / pratyeka jIvAtmA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jIvAtmA aura

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jainadharma paramAtmAmeM itanA hI antara hai ki jIvAtmA azuddha hotA hai, kAma-krodhAdi vikAroM aura unake kAraNa karmoMse ghirA hotA haiM, jinakI vajahase usake svAbhAvika guNa - anantajJAna, anantasukha aura anantavIrya prakaTa nahIM ho paate| jaba vaha una karmoMkA nAza kara detA hai to vahI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai, vahI jina kahalAtA hai / 'jina' ho jAnepara pratyeka jIva sarvajJa aura vItarAga ho jAtA hai, use mabakA jJAna rahatA hai aura usake andarase rAga aura dveSakA mUloccheda ho jAtA haiM / usa avasthAmeM vaha jo upadeza denA hai vaha upadeza prAmANika hotA hai; kyoMki aprAmANikatAke do hI kAraNa haiM, eka ajJAna aura dUsarA rAgadveSa | manuSya yA to ajJAnase, jJAna na honese nAsamajhIke kAraNa galata bAta bolatA hai yA jJAnavAna hokara bhI kisIse rAga aura kisI se dvepa honese galata bAta volatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie jaina purANoMmeM aura mahAbhArata meM eka kathA hai / jaina purANoMke anusAra nArada, parvata aura vasu ye tInoM guru bhAI the| inameM se parvata guruputra thA aura zeSa donoM usake pitAke ziSya the| eka bAra 'ajairyaSTavyam' ke arthake sambandha meM nArada aura parvata meM vivAda huaa| mahAbhAratake anusAra devatAoM aura RSiyoMmeM vivAda huaa| parvata yA devatAoMkA kahanA thA ki isakA artha hai 'bakarese havana karanA cAhie' aura nArada yA RSiyoM kahanA thA ki isakA artha haiM 'purAne dhAnya se havana karanA cAhie / ' donoM pakSa rAjA vasuke pAsa gaye | vasu satyavAdI thA isalie usakA siMhAsana pRthvIse Upara uThA rahatA thA / kintu vasune guruputra parvata yA devatAoMke premavaza jAnate hue bhI yahI phaisalA diyA ki jo parvata yA devatA kahate haiM vahI ThIka hai / isa asatyavAditA ke kAraNa vasukA siMhAsana pRthvImeM dha~sa gayA / yahA~ parvata to ajJAnase 'ajairyaSTavyam' kA artha galata batalAtA thA kintu vasune jAnate hue bhI guruputrake premavaza jhUTha bolA / ataH asatya bolaneke do hI kAraNa haiM 66

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siddhAnta 67 I ajJAna yA rAgadveSa / ina donoMke naSTa ho jAnese 'jina' satyavAdI hote haiM / aura unakI satyavAditAkA prabala pramANa hai, unake dvArA kahA gayA syAdvAda siddhAnta, jo vastukA pUrNa yA apUrNa kintu satyadarzana karanevAle sabhI vyaktiyoMke sAtha nyAya karanekA mArga batalAtA hai / pratyeka dharmake do aMga hote haiM vicAra aura AcAra | jainadharmake vicAroMkA mUla hai syAdvAda aura AcArakA mUla hai ahiMsA, na kisIke vicAroMke sAtha anyAya ho aura na kisI prANI jIvanake sAtha khilavAr3a ho / saba sabake vicAroMko samajheM aura sabake jIvanoMkI rakSA kreN| yahI una jinoMke upadezakA mUla hai| isase unheM hitopadezI kahA jAtA hai / ve kisI vyaktivizeSa, vargavizeSa yA sampradAyavizeSake hitakI dRSTise upadeza nahIM dete| ve to prANimAtrake hitakI dRSTise upadeza dete haiN| ve kevala manuSyoMke hI hitakI bAta nahIM batalAte, kintu jaMgama aura sthAvara sabhI prANiyoMke hitakI bAta batalAte haiM / unakA mUlamaMtra hI yaha hai - ' mA hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni ' -- kisI bhI prANIkI hiMsA mata kro|' na ve pazuoMko bAdhya batalAte haiM aura na kisI vargavizeSako avadhya / unakI vItarAga dRSTimeM saba barAbara haiM / na ve brAhmaNakI pUjA karanekA upadeza dete haiM aura na cANDAlase ghRNA karanekA / aise ve vItarAga sarvajJa aura hitopadezI 'jina' hote haiN| aura unake dvArA jo upadeza diyA jAtA hai vahI jainadharma kahalAtA hai / anya dharmone bhI sarvajJAtAko ho apane apane dharmakA pravartaka mAnA haiM, kyoMki jo alpajJa hai, ajJAnI hai usase sArgatrika aura sArvadezika satya upadeza milanekI AzA nahIM kI jA sakatI / kintu unhoMne Izvara khudA yA gaoNDako sarvajJa mAnakara usIko apane 2 dharmakA pravartaka mAnA hai / unameM bhI jo Izvarako nahIM mAnate, unhoMne vedako apane dharmakA mUla mAnA hai, kintu ve vedako kisI puruSake dvArA racA gayA nahIM

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jainadharma 68 mAnate / isa taraha prAyaH sabhI dharmoMne puruSako alpajJa mAnakara use apane dharmakA pravartaka svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| kintu puruSake madhyameM hue binA na to IzvarIya jJAnakI prApti ho sakatI hai, aura na usake arthakA vyAkhyAna ho sakatA hai; kyoMki Izvara svayaM zarIra rahita honasaM hame apanA jJAna kisI na kisI puruSake dvArA hI de sakatA hai, tathA usakA vyAkhyAna bhI puruSa hI kara sakatA hai| kintu yadi vaha puruSa alpajJa huA yA rAgadvapI huA to usake vyAkhyAnameM bhrama bhI ho sakatA hai| ataH use bhI kamase kama viziSTa jJAnI to mAnanA hI par3atA hai| yaha saba isaliye kiyA gayA hai ki ve dharma purupakI sarvajJatA svIkAra nahIM krte| unakI dRSTise puruSakI AtmAkA itanA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| kintu jainadharma isa tarahake kisI IzvarakI sattAmeM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| vaha jIvAtmAkA sarvajJa ho sakanA svIkAra karatA hai| ataH jainadharma kisI Izvara yA kisI svayaMsiddha pustakake dvArA nahIM kahA gayA hai| balki mAnavake dvArA, usa mAnavake dvArA jo kabhI hama hI jaisA alpajJa aura rAgadveSI thA kintu jisane apane pauruSase prayatna karake apanI alpajJatA aura rAgadveSake kAraNoMse apane AtmAko mukta kara liyA aura isa taraha vaha sargajJa aura vItarAgI hokara jina bana gayA, kahA gayA hai| ataH 'jina' hue usa mAnavake anubhavoMkA sAra hI jainadharma hai| ____aba hama 'dharma' zabdake vAremeM vicAra kreNge| dharmazabdake do artha pAye jAte haiM-eka, vastuke svabhAvako dharma kahate haiM jaise agnikA jalAnA dharma hai, pAnIkA zItalatA dharma hai, vAyukA bahanA dharma hai, AtmAkA caitanya dharma hai / aura dUsarA, AcAra yA cAritrako dharma kahate haiN| isa dUsare arthako koI isa prakAra bhI kahate hai jisase abhyudaya aura niHzreyasamuktikI prApti ho use dharma kahate haiN| cUMki AcAra yA cAritrase inakI prApti hotI hai isaliye cAritra hI dharma hai|

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siddhAnta 66 isa prakAra dharma zabdase do athakA bodha hotA hai eka vastusvabhAvakA aura dUsare cAritra yA AcArakA / inameM se svabhAvarUpa dharma to kyA jar3a aura kyA cetana, sabhI padArthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai; kyoMki saMsAra meM aisI koI vastu nahIM, jisakA koI svabhAva na ho / kintu AcArarUpa dharma kevala cetana AtmAmeM hI pAyA jAtA hai / isIlie dharmakA sambandha AtmAse hai / pratyeka tattvadarzI dharmapravartakane kevala AcArarUpa dharmakA hI upadeza nahIM kiyA kintu vastu svabhAvarUpa dharmakA bhI upadeza diyA hai jise darzana kahA jAtA hai / isIse pratyeka dharma apanA eka darzana bhI rakhatA hai / darzanameM, AtmA kyA hai ? paraloka kyA hai ? vizva kyA hai ? Izvara kyA hai ? Adi samasyAoMko sulajhAnekA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| aura dharmake dvArA AtmAko paramAtmA bananekA mArga batalAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi darzana aura dharma yA vastu svabhAvarUpa dharma aura AcArarUpa dharma donoM jude - jude viSaya haiM parantu ina donoMkA paraspara meM ghaniSTa sambandha hai / udAharaNa ke liye, jaba AcArarUpa dharma AtmAko paramAtmA bananekA mArga batalAtA hai taba yaha jAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA haiM ki AtmA aura paramAtmAkA svabhAva kyA hai ? donoMmeM antara kyA hai aura kyoM hai ? yaha jAne binA AcArakA pAlanA vaise hI lAbhakArI nahIM ho sakatA jaise sonake guNa aura svabhAvase anajAna AdamI yadi soneko zodhanekA prayatna bhI kare to usakA prayatna lAbhakArI nahIM ho sakatA / tathA yaha bAta sarvavidita hai ki vicAra ke anusAra hI manuSyakA AcAra hotA hai / udAharaNa ke liye, jo yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA nahIM hai aura na paraloka haiM usakA AcAra sadA bhogapradhAna hI rahanA hai, aura jo yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA haiM, paraloka hai, prANI apane 2 zubhAzubha karma ke anusAra phala bhogatA hai to usakA AcAra usase bilakula viparIta hI hotA hai / ataH vicAroMkA manuSyake AcArapara, bar3A prabhAva par3atA hai| isIse darzanakA

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jainadharma prabhAva dharmapara bar3A gaharA hotA hai, aura ekako samajhe vinA dUsareko nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| ataH jainadharmakA bhI eka darzana hai jo jainadarzana kahA jAtA hai| kintu cU~ki vaha vastu svabhAvarUpa dharma meM hI annabhUta ho jAtA hai ataH use bhI hama dharmakA hI eka aMga samajhate haiN| aura isaliye jainadharmase 'jina' devake dvArA kahA, huA vicAra aura AcAra donoM hI lenA caahiye| __prakArAntarase bhI dharma ke do bheda kiye jAte haiM eka sAdhyarUpa dharma aura dUsarA sAdhanarUpa dhrm| paramAtmatva sAdhyarUpa dharma hai aura AcAra yA cAritra sAdhanarUpa dharma hai, kyoMki AcAra yA cAritrake dvArA hI AtmA paramAtmA banatA hai| ataH yahA~ donoM hI prakArake dharmoMkA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 2. jainadarzanakA prANa anekAntavAda Upara likha Aye haiM ki janavicArakA mUla syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda hai / ataH prathama use samajha lenA Avazyaka hai| jaina dRSTise isa vizvake mUlabhUta tattva do bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita haiM eka jIvatattva aura dUsarA ajIva yA jar3atatva / ajIva yA jar3atattva bhI pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai-pudgala, dharma, adharma AkAza aura kAla / isa taraha yaha saMsAra ina chai tattvoMse banA huA hai| ina chahoMko chai dravya kahate haiN| ina chai dravyoMke sivA saMsArameM anya kucha bhI nahIM hai, jo kucha hai, usa savakA samAveza inhIM chai dravyoMmeM ho jAtA hai| guNa, kriyA. sambandha Adi jo anya tattva dusaraM dArzanikoMna mAne haiM, jaina dRSTi se ve saba dravyakI hI avasthAe~ haiM, usase pRthak nahoM; kyoMki jo kucha sat hai vaha saba dravya hai| sat hI dravyakA lakSaNa hai / asat yA abhAva nAmakA koI svataMtra tattva jainadarzanameM nahIM hai| kintu jo sat hai dRSTibhedase vahI asata bhI

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siddhAnta 71 hai| na koI vastu kevala satsvarUpa hI hai aura na koI vastu kevala asatsyarUpa hI hai| yadi pratyeka vastuko kevala satsvarUpa hI mAnA jAyegA to sava vastuoMke sarvathA matmvarUpa honese una vastuoMke bIca meM jo andara dekhane meM AtA hai, usakA lopa ho jAyegA aura usake lopa ho jAnese saba vastue~ saba rUpa ho jaayegoN| udAharaNake liye-ghaTa (ghar3A) aura paTa ( kapar3A) ye donoM vastu haiM, ghaTa bhI vastu hai aura paTa bhI vastu hai| kintu jaba hama kisIse ghaTa lAne ko kahate haiM to vaha ghaTa hI lAnA hai, paTa nahIM laataa| aura jaba paTa lAneko kahate haiM to vaha paTa hI lAtA hai, ghaTa nahIM lAnA / imase pramANita hai ki ghaTa-ghaTa hI hai paTa nahIM hai, aura paTa paTa hI hai, ghaTa nahIM hai| naghaTa paTa hai aura na paTa ghaTa hai, kintu haiM donoN| parantu donoMkA astitva apanI-apanI maryAdAmeM hI sImita hai, usake bAhara nahIM hai| ataH pratyeka vastu apanI maryAdAmeM hai aura usase bAhara nahIM hai| yadi vastue~ isa maryAdAkA ullaMghana kara jAyeM to phira ghaTa aura paTakI to bAta hI kyA, sabhI vastue~ satra rUpa ho jAyagI aura isa tarahase saMkara dopa upasthita hogaa| anaH pratyeka vastu svarUpa kI apekSAse mana kahI jAtI hai aura pararUpakI apekSAne asana kahI jAtI hai / imI dRSTAntako guru zipyake maMvAdake rUpameM yahA~ diyA jAtA hai, usase pAThaka aura bhI adhika mpaSTa rUpase use samajha skeNge| gu0-eka manuSya apane sevakako AjJA detA hai ki 'ghaTa TAo' to sevaka turanta ghaTa le AtA hai aura jaba vastra lAnekI AjJA denA hai to vaha vastra uThA lAtA hai| yaha tuma vyavahArameM pratidina dekhate ho / kintu kyA kabhI tumane isa vAnapara vicAra kiyA ki munanevAlA 'ghaTa' zabda sunakara ghaTa hI kyoM lAtA hai aura vastra zabda sunakara vastra hI kyoM lAtA hai ? zi0-ghaTako ghaTa kahate haiM aura vastrako vastra kahate haiN|

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72 jainadharma isaliye jisa vastukA nAma liyA jAtA hai, sevaka use hI le AtA hai| gu0 - ghaTako hI ghaTa kyoM kahate haiM ? vastrako ghaTa kyoM nahIM kahate ? zi0 - ghaTakA kAma ghaTa hI de sakatA hai. vastra na Aw sakatA / gu0 - ghaTakA kAma ghaTa hI kyoM detA hai, vastra kyoM nahIM detA ? zi0 - yaha to vastukA svabhAva hai, isameM praznake liye sthAna nahIM hai| gu0 - kyA tumhAre kahane kA yaha abhiprAya hai ki jo svabhAva kA hai vaha vastrakA nahIM, aura jo vastrakA haiM vaha ghaTakA nahIM ? zi0 - jI hA~, pratyeka vastu apanA judA svabhAva rakhatI hai / gu0 - aba tuma yaha batalAo ki kyA hama ghaTako asat bhI kaha sakate haiM ? zi0 - hA~, ghaTake phUTa jAnepara asat kahate hI haiM / gu0 - TUTa phUTa jAnepara to pratyeka vastu asat kahI jAtI hai / hamArA matalaba haiM ki kyA ghaTake rahate hue bhI use asat kahA jA sakatA hai ? zi0 - nahIM, sakatA hai ? kabhI nahIM, jo 'hai' vaha 'nahIM' kaise ho gu0 - kinAre para Akara phira bahanA cAhate ho / abhI tuma svayaM svIkAra kara cuke hoM ki pratyeka vastukA svabhAva judAjudA hotA hai aura vaha svabhAva usI vastumeM rahatA hai dUsarI vastu nahIM / zi0 - hA~, yaha to maiM aba bhI svIkAra karatA hU~, kyoMki yadi aisA na mAnA jAyegA to Aga pAnI ho jAyegI aura pAnI Aga ho jaayegaa| kapar3A miTTI ho jAyagA aura miTTI

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siddhAnta kapar3A ho jaayegii| koI bhI vastu apane svabhAvameM sthira na raha skegii| ____ gu0-yadi hama tumhArI hI bAtako isa tarahase kaheM ki pratyeka vastu apane svabhAva se nahIM hai to unheM koI Apatti to nahIM ? zi0-nahIM, isameM kisako Apatti ho sakatI hai| gu0-aba tumase phira pahalA prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki kyA maujUdA ghaTako asana kaha sakate haiM ? zi0-(cupa) gu0-cupa kyoM ho ? kyA phira bhramameM par3a gaye ho ? zi0-para svabhAvakI apekSAse maujUdA ghaTako bhI asata kaha sakate haiN| gu0-aba rAstepara Aye ho / jaba hama kisI vastuko sat kahate haiM to hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki usa vastuke svarUpakI apekSAsa hI usa sana kahA jAtA hai| apanese anya vastuke mvarUpakI apekSAse saMsArako pratyeka vastu asana hai| devadattakA putra saMsAra bharake manuSyoMkA putra nahIM hai aura na devadatta saMsAra bharake putroMkA pitA hai| kyA isase hama yaha natIjA nahIM nikAla sakate ki devadattakA putra-putra hai aura nahIM bhI hai| isI taraha devadattakA pitA pitA hai aura nahIM bhI hai / ataH saMsArameM jo kucha hai vaha kisI apekSAme nahIM bhI hai| sarvathA san yA sarvathA asana koI vastu nahIM hai| kintu jaba janadarzana yaha kahanA hai ki pratyeka vastu mana bhI hai aura amana bhI hai to zrotA isa asaMbhava mamajhanA hai kyoMki jo sata hai vaha asana kaise ho sakatA hai ? parantu Upara banalAye gaye jina dRSTikoNoMko lakSya karake jainadarzana vastuko mana aura asat kahatA hai yadi una dRSTikoNoMko bhI samajha liyA jAye to phira use asaMbhava kahanakA sAhasa nahIM ho sktaa| kintu jise samajhanemeM bAdarAyaNa jaise sUtrakAroM aura zaMkarAcArya

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jainadharma jaise usake vyAkhyAtAoMko bhI bhrama huA, usameM yadi sAdhAraNajanoMko vyAmoha ho to acaraja hI kyA hai| __ vAdagayaNake sUtra 'nakamminnasaMbhavAt' (2-5-33) kI vyAkhyA karate hue svAmI zaMkarAcAryane isa siddhAntapara jo sabase bar3A dRpaNa diyA hai vaha hai anizcitatA' / unakA kahanA hai ki 'vastu hai aura nahIM bhI hai aisA kahanA anizcitatAko batalAtA hai| arthAt sase vasnukA koI nizcita svarUpa nahIM ghatA / aura anizcitatA saMzayakI jananI hai| ataH yadi jaina siddhAntake anumAra vastu anizcita hai to usameM niHsaMzaya pravRtti nahIM ho skii| kintu Uparake udAharaNoMse isa ApattikA parihAra svayaM ho jAtA hai| hama vyavahAra meM bhI paraspara virodhI do dharma eka hI vastumeM pAte haiM jaise bhArata svadeza bhI hai aura videza bhI. devadatta pitA bhI hai aura putra bhii| isameM na koI anizcitatA hai aura na saMzaya / kyoMki bhAratIyoMkI dRSTise bhArata svadeza hai aura videziyoMkI dRSTise videza hai| yadi koI bhAratIya bhAratako svadeza hI samajhatA hai to vaha bhAratako kevala apane hI dRSTikoNase dekhatA hai, dUsare bhAratIyetaroMke dRSTikoNase nahIM, aura isalie usakA bhAratadarzana ekAMgI hai| pUrNa darzanake lie saba dRSTikoNoMko dRSTimeM rakhanA Avazyaka hai / ataH zaMkarAcAryakA yaha kathana ki-"eka dharmI meM parasparameM viruddha sattva aura asattva dharmokA honA asaMbhava hai ; kyoMki sattvadharmake rahanepara asatvadharma nahIM raha sakatA aura asattvadharmakaM rahanepara sattvadharma nahIM rahatA, ataH Aheta mata asaMgata hai" kahA~ taka saMgana hai yaha niSpakSa pAThaka hI vicAra kreN| syAdvAda isa prakAra jaba pratyeka vastu parasparameM virodhI pratIta hone1. brahmasUtra 2-2-33 kA zAMkarabhASya /

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siddhAnta 75 vAle dharmokA samUha hai to usa aneka dharmAtmaka vastukA jAnanA utanA kaThina nahIM hai, jitanA zabdoMke dvArA use kahanA kaThina hai ; kyoMki eka jJAna aneka dharmoko eka sAtha jAna sakatA haiM, kintu eka zabda eka samaya meM vastuke eka hI dharmakA AMzika vyAkhyAna kara sakatA hai / isapara bhI zabdakI pravRtti vaktAke adhIna hai / vaktA vastuke aneka dharmomeMse kisI eka dharmakI mukhyatAse vacana vyavahAra karatA hai / jaise, devadattako eka hI samaya usakA pitA bhI pukAratA hai aura usakA putra bhI pukAratA hai / pitA use 'putra' kahakara pukAratA hai aura usakA putra use 'pitA' kahakara pukAratA hai / kintu devadatta na kevala pitA hI hai aura na kevala putra hI hai kintu pitA bhI hai aura putra bhI hai / isalie pitAkI dRSTise devadattakA putratva dharma mukhya hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa haiM aura putrakI dRSTi devadattakA pitRtva dharma mukhya hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa haiM; kyoMki aneka dharmAtmaka vastumeMse jisa dharmakI vivakSA hotI hai vaha dharma mukhya kahAtA hai aura itara dharma gauNa / ataH jaba vastu aneka dharmAtmaka pramANita ho cukI aura zabda meM itanI sAmarthya nahIM pAI gaI jo usake pUre dharmokA kathana eka samaya meM kara sake / tathA pratyeka vaktA apanI-apanI dRSTimaM vacana vyavahAra karatA huA dekhA gayA to vastukA svarUpa samajha meM zrotAko koI dhokhA na ho, isaliye syAdvAdakA AviSkAra huaa| 'syAdvAda' siddhAnta ke anusAra vivakSita dharma se itara dharmAkA dyotaka yA sUcaka 'sthAna' zabda samasta vAkyoMke sAtha guptarUpase sambaddha rahatA hai / syAna zabdakA abhiprAya 'kathaMcina' yA 'kisI apekSA' se hai / ataH saMsAra meM jo kucha hai vaha kisI apekSA nahIM bhI hai / isI apekSAvAdakA sUcaka 'myAna' zabda hai, jisakA prayoga anekAntavAdake liye Avazyaka hai; kyoMki 'syAt' zabda ke binA 'anekAnta' kA prakAzana saMbhava nahIM hai /

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76 jainadharma ataH anekAnta dRSTise pratyeka vastu 'syAt sat' aura 'syAt asata' hai| ___ koI koI vidvAna 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga 'zAyada' ke artha meM karate haiN| kintu zAyada zabda anizcitatAkA sUcaka hai, jaba ki syAt zabda eka nizcita apekSAvAdakA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra anekAntavAdakA phalitArtha syAdvAda hai, kyoMki syAdvAdake binA anekAntavAdakA prakAzana saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH eka hI vastuke sambandhameM utpanna hue vibhinna dRSTikoNoMkA samanvaya syAdvAdake dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| hama Upara likha Aye haiM ki zabdakI pravRtti vaktAke adhIna hai, ataH pratyeka vastumeM donoM dharmoke rahanepara bhI vaktA apane apane dRSTikoNase una dharmoMkA ullekha karate haiN| jaise-do AdamI kucha kharIdanake liye eka dukAnapara Ate haiM / vahA~ kisI vastuko eka acchI batalAtA hai, dUsarA use burI batalAtA hai| donoMmeM bAta bar3ha jAtI hai / taba tIsarA AdamI unheM samajhAtA hai-'bhaI kyoM jhagar3ate ho ? yaha vastu acchI bhI hai aura burI bhI / tumhAre liye acchI hai aura inake liye burI hai| apanI apanI dRSTi hI to hai| ye tInoM vyakti tIna prakArakA vacana vyavahAra karate haiN| pahalA vidhi karatA hai, dUsarA niSedha, aura tIsarA vidhi aura niSedha / ___ vastuke ukta donoM dharmoko yadi koI eka sAtha kahanA cAhe to nahIM kaha sakatA; kyoMki eka zabda eka samayameM vidhi aura niSedhase ekakA hI kathana kara sakatA hai aisI avasthAmeM vastu avAcya ThaharatI hai arthAt use zabdake dvArA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / u pAra vacana vyavahAroMko dArzanika bhASAmeM syAt sat, syAt amana , syAt sadasat aura syAt avaktavya kahate haiN| saptabhaMgIke mUla yahI cAra bhaMga haiN| inhoMke saMyogase sAta bhaMga hote haiM / arthAt caturtha bhaMga syAt avaktavyake sAtha kramazaH pahale, dUsare aura tIsare bhaMgako milAnese pA~cavA~, chaThA aura

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siddhAnta 77 sAtavA~ bhaMga banatA hai| kintu loka vyavahArameM mUla cAra taraha ke vacanoMkA vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai| __svAmI zaMkarAcAryane cauthe bhaMga 'syAdavaktavya' para bhI Apatti kI hai| ve kahate haiM ki-"padArtha avaktavya bhI nahIM ho sakate / yadi ve avaktavya haiM to unakA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kathana bhI kiyA jAya aura avaktavya bhI kahA jAye ye donoM bAteM parasparameM viruddha haiN"| kintu yadi jaina vastuko sarvathA avaktavya kahate tava to AcArya zaMkarakA ukta doSadAna ucita hotA / kintu ve no apekSA bhedase avaktavya kahate haiM, isIkA sUcana karane ke liye syAta zabda avaktavyakaM sAtha lagAyA hai jo batalAtA hai ki vastu sarvathA avaktavya nahIM hai, kintu kisI eka dRSTikoNase avaktavya hai| ___ isase spaSTa hai ki AcAryazaMkara syAdvAdako samajha nahIM ske| isaliye svargIya mahAmahopAdhyAya DAkTara gaMgAnAtha jhA ne likhA hai_ "jabase maiMne zaMkarAcArya dvArA jaina siddhAntakA khaNDana par3hA hai tabase mujhe vizvAsa huA ki isa siddhAntameM bahuta kucha hai, jise vedAntake AcAryoMne nahIM smjhaa| aura jo kucha maiM aba taka jainadharmako jAna sakA hU~ usase merA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa huA hai ki yadi ve jainadharmako usake mUlagranthoMse dekhanekA kaSTa uThAte no unheM jainadharmakA virodha karanekI koI bAta nahIM miltii|" hindU vizvavidyAlayake darzana zAstrake bhUtapUrva pradhAna adhyApaka zrIphaNibhUSaNa adhikArIne zrIsyAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kAzIke vArSikotsavake adhyakSa padase apane bhASaNameM kahA thA 'jainadharmaka syAdvAdasiddhAntako jitanA galata samajhA gayA 1. "na caipAM padArthAnAmavaktavyatvaM saMbhavati / avaktavyazcennocyeran / ucyante cAvaktavyAzceti vipratipiddham" |-brhmsuu0 zAM0 2-2-33 /

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78 jainadharma hai utanA kisI anya siddhAntako nhiiN| yahA~ taka ki zaMkarAcArya bhI isa dIpase mukta nahIM haiN| unhoMne bhI isa siddhAntake prati anyAya kiyaa| yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoMke lie kSamya ho sakatI thii| kintu yadi mujhe kahanekA adhikAra hai to maiM bhAratake isa mahAna vidvAnake liye to akSamya hI khuuNgaa| yadyapi maiM isa maharSiko atIva AdarakI dRSTise dekhatA huuN| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne isa dharmake darzanazAstrake mUlagranthoMke adhyayana karanekI paravAha nahIM kii| aisI sthitimeM bhI jaba hama kisI vidvAnako', usa vidvAnako jo ki anekAntavAdako saMzayavAdakA rUpAntara nahIM mAnate aura use jainadarzanakI bahumUlya dena svIkAra karate haiM, yaha likhate hue pAte haiM ki zaMkarAcAryane syAdvAdakA mArmika khaNDana apane zArIrika bhASyameM prabala yuktiyoMke dvArA kiyA hai to hameM acaraja hotA hai, astu / saptabhaMgIvAdakA vikAsa dArzanika kSetrameM huA thA, isaliye usakA upayoga bhI vahIM huaa| upalabdha jainavAGamayameM dArzanika kSetrameM saptabhaMgIvAdako caritArtha karanekA zreya sarvaprathama svAmI samantabhadrako hI prApta hai / unhoMne apanI AptamImAMsAmeM sAMkhyako sadaikAntavAdI, mAdhyamikako asadaikAntavAdI, vaizeSikako sadasadaikAntavAdI aura bauddhako avaktavyaikAntavAdI batalAkara mUla cAra bhaMgoMkA upayoga kiyA aura zeSa tIna bhaMgoMkA upayoga karanekA saMketa mAtra kara diyaa| unake pazcAt AmamImAMsApara 'aSTazI' nAmaka bhASyake racayitA zrIakalaMkadevane zeSa tIna bhaMgIkA upayoga karake usa kamIko pUrA kara diyaa| unake matase zaMkarAcAryakA anirvacanIyavAda sadavaktavya, 1. dekho-bhAratIyadarzana (paM0baldeva upAdhyAya) pR0 177 / 2. kArikA mN09-20| 3. aSTasahasrI pR0 138-142

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siddhAnta 79 bauddhoMkA anyApohavAda asadavaktavya aura yaugakA padArthavAda sadasadavaktavya koTimeM garbhita hai / isa taraha sAtoM bhaMgoMkA upayoga ho jAtA hai / 3. dravya - vyavasthA jainadarzanake mUlatattva anekAntavAda aura usake phalitArtha syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgIvAdakA paricaya karAkara aba dravyavyavasthAko batalAte haiM / yadyapi dravyakA lakSaNa sat hai tathApi prakArAntarase guNa aura paryAyoMke samUha ko bhI dravya kahate hai / jaise, jIva eka dravya hai, usameM sukha jJAna Adi guNa pAye jAte haiM aura nara nArakI Adi paryAyeM pAI jAtI hai kintu dravyase guNa aura paryAyakI pRthaka sattA nahIM hai / aisA nahIM hai ki guNa pRthaka haiM, paryAya pRthak haiM aura unake melase dravya banA hai / kintu anAdikAlase guNaparyAyAtmaka hI dravya hai / sAdhAraNa rItise guNa nitya hote haiM aura paryAya anitya hotI haiM / ataH dravyako nitya-anitya kahA jAtA hai / jainadarzanameM satkA lakSaNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya mAnA gayA hai / arthAt jisameM prati samaya utpatti, vinAza aura sthiratA pAI jAtI hai vahI sat hai / jaise, miTTIse ghaTa banAte samaya miTTIkI piNDarUpa paryAya naSTa hotI hai, ghaTa paryAya utpanna hotI hai aura miTTI kAyama rahatI hai| aisA nahIM hai ki piNDa paryAyakA nAza pRthaka samaya meM hotA hai aura ghaTa paryAyakI utpatti pRthakU samayameM hotI hai / kintu jo samaya pahalI paryAyake nAzakA hai, vahI samaya AgekI paryAyake utpAdakA haiM / isa taraha pratisamaya pUrva paryAyakA nAza aura AgekI paryAyakI utpattike hote hue bhI dravya kAyama rahatA hai ataH vastu pratisamaya utpAda vyaya aura dhauvyAtmaka kahI jAtI hai / Azaya yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu parivartanazIla haiM, aura usameM vaha parivartana prati samaya hotA rahatA hai / jaise, eka baccA

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jainadharma kucha samaya bAda yuvA ho jAtA hai aura phira kucha kAla ke bAda bUr3hA ho jAtA hai| bacapanase yuvApana aura yuvApanase bur3hApA ekadama nahIM A jAtA, kintu pratisamaya bacce meM jo parivartana hotA rahatA hai vahI kucha samaya bAda yuvApanake rUpameM dRSTigocara hotA hai| prati samaya honevAlA parivartana itanA sUkSma hai ki use hama dekha sakane meM asamartha haiN| isa parivartanake hote hue bhI usa baccemeM ekarUpatA banI rahatI hai, jisake kAraNa bar3A ho jAne para bhI hama use pahacAna lete haiN| yadi aisA na mAnakara dravyako kevala nitya hI mAna liyA jAye to usameM kisI prakArakA parivartana nahIM ho sakegA, aura yadi kevala anitya hI mAna liyA jAye to AtmAke sarvathA kSaNika honese pahale jAne huekA mmaraNa Adi vyApAra nahIM bana skegaa| ataH pratyeka dravya utpAda, vinAza aura prauvya svabhAvavAlA hai| cUMki dravyameM guNa dhruva hote haiM aura paryAya utpAda vinAzazIla hotI haiM; ataH guNaparyAyAtmaka kaho yA utpAda vyaya dhrauvyAtmaka kaho, donoMkA eka hI abhiprAya hai| dravyake ina donoM lakSaNoMmeM vAstavameM koI bheda nahIM hai, kintu eka lakSaNa dUsare lakSaNakA vyaJjakamAtra hai| dravyakA svarUpa batalAte hue AcArya kundakundane pravacanasArameM kahA hai 'daviyadi gacchadi tAI tAI sambhAvapajjayAI jaM / daviyaM taM bhaNNaMte aNaNNabhadaM tu sattAdo // 9 // ' artha-'dra dhAtuse, jisakA artha jAnA hai, dravya zabda vanA hai| ataH jo apanI una una paryAyoMko prApta karatA hai, use dravya kahate haiM / vaha dravya sattAse abhinna hai|' ___ isase yaha batalAyA hai ki dravya satsvarUpa hai| aura jaise paryAyoMkA pravAha satat jArI rahatA hai, ekake pazcAt dUsarI aura dUsarIke pazcAt tIsarI paryAya hotI rahatI hai, vaise hI

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siddhAnta dravyakA pravAha bhI satat jArI rahatA hai / arthAt dravya anAdi aura ananta hai| 'davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppAdavvayadhuvattarAMjuttaM / guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNha // 10 // artha-'bhagavAna jinendradeva dravyakA lakSaNa sat kahate haiN| athavA jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase saMyukta hai vaha dravya hai| athavA jo guNa aura paryAyakA Azraya hai vaha dravya hai|' dravyake ina tInoM lakSaNoM se ekake kahanese zeSa do lakSaNa svataH hI kahe jAte haiM, kyoMki jo sata hai vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tathA guNa aura paryAyase saMyukta hai, jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyavAlA hai vaha sata hai aura guNa paryAyakA Azraya bhI hai, tathA jo guNa paryAyavAlA hai vaha mata hai aura utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase saMyukta bhI hai| ___ cUMki sat nityAnityAtmaka hai ataH sanake kahanese utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyapanA prakaTa hotA hai tathA dhruvatvase guNoMke sAtha aura utpAdavyayase vinAzazIla paryAyoMke sAtha ekAtmakatA prakaTa hotI hai| isI taraha vastuko utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya mvarUpa batalAnese usakI nityAnityAtmakatA aura guNaparyAyaviziSTatA prakaTa hotI hai / tathA vastuko guNaparyAyAtmaka batalAnese guNoMse dhrauvyakA aura paryAyase utpAda vinAzakA sUcana hotA hai aura usase nityAnityAtmaka san hai yaha pratIta hotA hai| ataH tInoM lakSaNa prakArAntarase dravyakA vizleSaNa karate haiM aura batalAte haiM ki "uppattIva viNAso dambassa ya tthi atthi sambhAvo / vigamuppAdadhuvattaM kareMti tasseva pajjAyA / / 11 // ' artha-"dravyakA na to utpAda hotA hai aura na vinAza, vaha to satsvarUpa hai| kintu usIkI paryAyeM usake utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyako karatI haiN|"

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jainadharma isakA yaha matalaba hai ki dravya na to utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa hotA hai, kintu usakI paryAyeM utpanna hotI aura naSTa hoto haiM aura ve paryAyeM cU~ki dravyase abhinna haiM ataH dravya bhI utpAdavyayazIla hai / 82 jaina darzanake isa siddhAntakA pratipAdana maharSi pataJjaline bhI apane mahAbhASyake papazAhnika meM nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA hai " dravyaM nityam, AkRtiranityA | suvarNaM kayAcidAkRtyA yuktaM piNDo bhavati, piNDAkRtimupamRdya rucakAH kriyante, rucakAkRtimupamRdya kaTakAH kriyante, kaTakAkRtimupamRdya svastikAH kriyante / punarAvRttaH suvarNapiNDaH punaraparayA''kRtyA yuktaH khadirAMgArasadRze kuNDale bhavataH / AkRtiranyA ca anyA ca bhavati, dravyaM punastadeva, AkRtyupamardena dravyamevAvaziSyate / " arthAt - 'dravya nitya hai aura AkAra yAnI paryAya anitya hai| suvarNa kisI eka viziSTa AkArase piNDarUpa hotA hai / piNDarUpakA vinAza karake usase mAlA banAI jAtI hai / mAlAkA vinAza karake usase kar3e banAye jAte haiM / kar3oMko tor3akara usase svastika banAye jAte haiM / svastikoMko galAkara phira suvarNapiNDa ho jAtA hai / usake amuka AkArakA vinAza karake khadira aGgArake samAna do kuNDala banA liye jAte haiM / isa prakAra AkAra badalatA rahatA hai parantu dravya vahI rahatA hai / AkAra ke na honepara bhI dravya zeSa rahatA hI hai / ' isase dravyakI nityatA aura paryAyakI anityatA pramANita hotI hai| jaina darzana bhI aisA hI mAnatA hai aura isIse vaha vastu kA lakSaNa utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya karatA haiM / usake mata se tattva trayAtmaka hai | AcArya samantabhadrane do dRSTAnta dekara isI bAtako pramANita kiyA hai| AptamImAMsA meM ve likhate haiM 1 1 'ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // 59 //

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siddhAnta 'eka rAjAke eka putra hai aura eka putrii| rAjAke pAsa eka sonekA ghar3A hai / putrI usa ghaTako cAhatI hai, kintu rAjaputra usa ghaTako tor3akara usakA mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai| rAjA putrakI haTha pUrI karaneke lie ghaTako tur3avAkara usakA mukuTa banavA detA hai| ghaTake nAzase putrI dukhI hotI hai, mukuTake utpAdase putra prasanna hotA hai aura cUMki rAjA suvarNakA icchuka hai jo ki ghaTa TUTakara mukuTa bana jAnepara bhI kAyama rahatA hai ataH use na zoka hotA hai aura na harSa / ataH vastu trayAtmaka (tInarUpa) hai|' dUsarA udAharaNa 'payovrato na dadhyati na payo'tti dadhivrataH / agorasabato nobhe tasmAttatvaM trayAtmakam // 60 // 'jisane kevala dUdha hI khAnekA vrata liyA hai, vaha dahI nahIM khAtA / jisane kevala dahI khAnekA vrata liyA hai vaha dUdha nahIM khAtA / aura jisane gorasamAtra na khAnekA vrata liyA hai vaha na dUdha khAtA hai aura na dahI; kyoMki dUdha aura dahI donoM gorasa kI do pAyeM haiM ataH goramatva donoMmeM hai| isase siddha hai ki vastu trayAtmaka-utpAdanyayadhovyAtmaka hai| mImAMsAdarzanake pAragAmI mahAmati kumArila bhI vastuko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svarUpa mAnate haiN| unhoMne bhI usake samarthanake lie svAmI samantabhadrake ukta dRSTAntako hI apanAyA hai / ve usakA khulAsA karate hue likhate haiM 'vardhamAnakabhaMge ca rucakaH kriyate yadA / tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarArthinaH // 21 // hemAdhinastu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / notpAdasthitibhaMgAnAmabhAve syAnmatitrayam // 22 // na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnyanityatA // 32 // ' -mI0 zlo0 vA0 /

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jainadharma arthAt-'jaba suvarNake pyAleko tor3akara usakI mAlA banAI jAtI hai taba jisako pyAlekI jarUrata hai, usako zoka hotA hai, jise mAlAkI AvazyakatA hai use harSa hotA hai aura jise suvarNakI AvazyakatA hai use na harSa hotA hai aura na zoka / ataH vastu trayAtmaka hai / yadi utpAda, sthiti aura vyaya na hote to tIna vyaktiyoMke tIna prakArake bhAva na hote, kyoMki pyAleke nAzake binA pyAlekI AvazyakatAvAleko zoka nahIM ho sakatA, mAlAke utpAdake binA mAlAkI AvazyakatAvAleko harSa nahIM ho sakatA aura suvarNakI sthiratAke binA suvarNa icchukako pyAleke vinAza aura mAlAke utpAdameM mAdhyasthya nahIM raha sakatA / ataH vastu sAmAnyase nitya hai / ' ( aura vizeSa arthAta paryAyarUpase anitya hai ) / niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaina darzanameM dravya hI eka tattva haiM, jo 6 prakArakA hai aura vaha prati samaya utpAda vyaya aura dhauvya svarUpa hai / ataeva vaha dravyadRSTise nitya hai aura paryAyadRSTise anitya hai / aba pratyeka dravyakA paricaya karAyA jAtA hai / 4. jIvadravya jainAcArya zrIkundakundane pravacanasArameM jIvakA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA hai-- 'arasamarUvamagaMdhaM avvattaM cedaNAguNamasaddaM / jANa aliMgaggahaNaM jIvamariNaddiTThasaMThANaM || 2-80|' 'jisameM na koI rasa hai na koI rUpa hai aura na kisI prakAra - kI gandha hai, ataeva jo avyakta hai, zabdarUpa bhI nahIM hai, kisI M bhautika cihnase bhI jise nahIM jAnA jA sakatA aura na jisakA koI nirdiSTa AkAra hI hai, usa caitanyaguNa viziSTa dravyako jIva kahate haiN|' isakA yaha Azaya hai ki jisameM cetanAguNa hai, vaha jIva

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siddhAnta hai| aura vaha jIva pudgala dravyase judA hai, kyoMki pudgaladravya rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza guNavAlA tathA sAkAra hotA hai, kintu jIvadravya aisA nahIM hai| ataH jIvadravya jar3atattvase judA eka vAstavika padArtha hai / aura bhI 'jIvo tti havadi cedA uvaogavisesido pahU kttaa| bhottA ya dehamatto Na hi mutto kammasaMjutto // 27 // ' -paMcAsti0 _ 'yaha jIva caitanyasvarUpa hai, jAnane dekhanerUpa upayogavAlA hai, prabhu hai, kartA hai, bhoktA hai aura apane zarIrake barAbara hai| tathA yadyapi vaha mUrtika nahI hai tathApi kamoMse saMyukta hai|' isa gAthAke dvArA jIvadravyake sambandhameM jainadarzanakI prAyaH sabhI mukhya mAnyatAoMko batalA diyA hai| unakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai jova cetana hai jIvakA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa cetanA hai aura vaha cetanA jAnane aura dekhanerUpa hai| arthAt jo jAnatA aura dekhatA hai vaha jIva hai| sAMkhya bhI cetanAko puruSakA svarUpa mAnatA hai, kintu vaha use jJAnarUpa nahIM maantaa| usake matase jJAna prakRtikA dharma hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki jJAnakA udaya na to akele puruSameM hI hotA hai aura na buddhimeM hI hotA hai| jaba jJAnendriyA~ bAhya padArthoMko buddhike sAmane upasthita karatI haiM to buddhi upasthita padArthake AkArako dhAraNa kara letI hai| itane para bhI jaba buddhimeM caitanyAtmaka puruSakA pratibimba par3atA hai tabhI jJAnakA udaya hotA hai / parantu jainadarzanameM buddhi aura caitanyameM koI bheda hI nahIM haiN| usameM harSa, viSAda Adi aneka paryAyavAlA jJAnarUpa eka AtmA hI anubhavase siddha hai / caitanya, buddhi, adhyavasAya, jJAna Adi usIkI paryAyeM kahalAtI haiN| ataH caitanya jJAnarUpa hI hai| usakI do avasthAe~ hotI haiN| eka

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86 jainadharma antarmukha aura dUsarI bahirmukha / jaba vaha AtmasvarUpako grahaNa | karatA hai to use darzana kahate haiM aura jaba vaha bAhya padArthako grahaNa karatA hai to use jJAna kahate haiM / jJAna aura darzanameM mukhya bheda yaha hai ki jaise jJAnake dvArA 'yaha ghaTa hai, yaha paTa hai' ityAdi rUpase vastukI vyavasthA hotI hai, usa taraha darzanake dvArA nahIM hotI / ataH jIva caitanyAtmaka haiM, isakA Azaya hai ki jIva jJAnadarzanAtmaka hai, jJAna darzana jIvake guNa yA svabhAva haiM / koI jIva unake binA raha nahIM sktaa| jo jIva hai vaha jJAnavAn hai aura jo jJAnavAna hai vaha jIva hai / jaise Aga apane uSNa guNako chor3akara nahIM raha sakatI, vaise hI jIva bhI jJAnaguNake binA nahIM raha sakatA / ekendriya vRkSameM rahanevAle jIvase lekara muktAtmAoM takameM hInAdhika jJAna pAyA jAtA hai / sabase kama jJAna vanaspatikAyake jIvoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai aura sabase adhika yAnI pUrNajJAna muktAtmAmeM pAyA jAtA hai / jainetara dArzanikoMmeM naiyAyika vaizeSika bhI jJAnako jIvakA guNa mAnate haiM / kintu unake matAnusAra guNa aura guNI ye donoM do pRthaka padArtha haiM aura una donoMkA parasparameM samavAyasambandha hai | ataH unake matase AtmA jJAnasvarUpa nahIM haiM, kintu usameM jJAnaguNa rahatA hai isaliye vaha jJAnavAn kahA jAtA haiM / kintu jainadarzanakA kahanA hai ki yadi AtmA jJAnasvarUpa nahIM hai to vaha ajJAnasvarUpa ThaharatA hai / aura usake ajJAnasvarUpa honepara AtmA aura jar3a meM koI antara nahIM rahatA / isapara naiyAyikakA kahanA hai ki AtmAke sAtha to jJAnakA sambandha hotA hai kintu jar3a ghaTAdikake sAtha jJAnakA sambandha nahIM hotA / isaliye AtmA aura jar3ameM antara hai / isapara jaina dArzanikoMkA kahanA hai ki jaba AtmA bhI jJAnasvarUpa nahIM hai aura jar3a bhI jJAnasvarUpa nahI hai, phira bhI jJAnakA sambandha AtmAse hI kyoM hotA hai, jar3ase kyoM nahIM hotA ? yadi kahA jAyegA ki AtmA cetana hai isaliye usIke sAtha jJAnakA sambandha hotA hai

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siddhAnta to isa para jaina dArzanikoMkA yaha kahanA hai ki naiyAyika AtmAko svayaM cetana bhI nahIM mAnatA kintu caitanyake sambandhase hI cetana mAnatA hai / aisI sthitimeM jJAnakI hI taraha cetanake sambandhameM bhI vahI prazna paidA hotA hai ki caitanyakA sambandha AtmAke hI sAtha kyoM hotA hai ghaTAdikake sAtha kyoM nahIM hotA ? ataH isa Apattise bacaneke lie AtmAko svayaM cetana aura jJAnasvarUpa mAnanA cAhiye / jaisA ki kahA hai 'gANI gANaM ca sadA atyaMtarido du aNNamaNNassa | dohaM adattaM pasajadi sammaM jiNAvamadaM // 48 // Na hi so samavAyAdo atyaMtarido du NANado NANI / aNNANIti ya vayaNaM egattappasAdhakaM hodi // 46 // - paJcAsti 0 87 arthAt- 'yadi jJAnI aura jJAnako paraspara meM sadA eka dUsare se bhinna padArthAntara mAnA jAyagA to donoM acetana ho jAyeMge / yadi kahA jAyegA ki jJAnase bhinna honepara bhI AtmA jJAnake samavAyase jJAnI hotA hai to prazna hotA hai ki jJAnake sAtha samavAya sambandha honese pahale vaha AtmA jJAnI thA yA ajJAnI ? yadi jJAnI thA to usameM jJAnakA samavAya mAnanA vyartha hai / yadi ajJAnI thA to ajJAnake samavAyase ajJAnI thA yA ajJAnake sAtha ekameka honese ajJAnI thA ? ajJAnImeM ajJAnakA samavAya mAnanA to vyartha hI hai / tathA usa samaya usameM jJAnakA samavAya na honese use jJAnI bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isalie ajJAnake sAtha ekameka honese AtmA ajJAnI hI ThaharatA hai / aisI sthiti meM jaise ajJAnake sAtha ekameka honese AtmA ajJAnI huA vaise hI jJAnake sAtha bhI AtmAkA ekatva mAnanA cAhiye / ' sArAMza yaha hai jainadarzana guNa aura guNIke pradeza jude nahIM mAnatA / jo AtmAke pradeza haiM ve hI pradeza jJAnAdika guNoMke

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jainadharma bhI haiM, isaliye unameM pradezabheda nahIM hai| aura jude ve hI kahalAte haiM jinake pradeza bhI jude hoN| ataH jo jAnatA hai vahI jJAna hai / isaliye jJAnake sambandhase AtmA jJAtA nahIM hai, kintu jJAna hI AtmA hai / jaisA ki kahA hai NANaM appa ti madaM vaTTadi NANaM viNA Na appANaM / tamhA NANaM appA appA NANaM va aNNaM vA // 27 // -pravaca0 arthAt-jJAna AtmA hai aisA mAnA gayA hai| cUMki brAna AtmAke binA nahIM rahatA ataH jJAna AtmA hI hai| kintu AtmAmeM aneka guNa pAye jAte haiM ataH AtmA jJAnasvarUpa bhI hai aura anya guNarUpa bhI hai|' prabhu hai pratyeka jIva apane patana aura utthAnake lie svayaM hI uttaradAyI hai| apane kAryoMse hI vaha ba~dhatA hai aura apane kAryoMse ho vaha usa bandhanase mukta hotA hai| anya koI na use bA~dhatA hai aura na *bandhanase mukta karatA hai| vaha svataH hI bhikhArI banatA hai aura svataH hI bhikhArIse bhagavAn bana sakatA hai| ataH vaha pramu-samartha kahA jAtA hai| kartA hai apane dvArA bA~dhe gaye karmoke phalako bhogate samaya jIvake jo bhAva hote haiM, vaha jIva una apane bhAvoMkA kartA kahA jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jIvake bhAva pA~ca prakArake hote haiM-aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika / kokA upazama honese-arthAt udayameM na A sakaneke yogya kara denepara jo bhAva hote haiM, unheM aupazamika bhAva kahate haiN| karmoMkA kSayavinAza ho jAnese jo bhAva hote haiM, unheM kSAyika bhAva kahate haiN| kokA kSayopazama-kuchakA kSaya aura kuchakA upazama honese

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siddhAnta jo bhAva hote haiM unheM kSAyopazamika bhAva kahate haiN| karmoke udayase jo bhAva hote haiM unheM audAyika kahate haiM aura karmoMke nimittake binA jo bhAva hote haiM unheM pAriNAmika kahate haiN| vastutaH apane ina bhAvoMkA kartA jIva hI hai, karma to usameM nimittamAtra hai / kintu karmakA nimitta mile binA ukta bhAva nahIM hote isaliye una bhAvoMkA kartA karmako bhI kahA jAtA hai| sAMkhya puruSa-AtmAko kartA nahIM maantaa| usake matAnusAra AtmA alipta aura akartA haiM, jagatake vyApArake sAtha usakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| isapara jaina-darzanakI yaha Apatti hai ki yadi AtmA akartA hai to bandha aura mokSakI kalpanA vyartha hai| 'maiM sunatA hU~' ityAdi pratIti sabhIko hotI ha ataH AtmAkA akartRtva anubhavaviruddha hai| yadi kahA jAye ki isa prakArakI pratIti ahaMkArase hotI hai, to yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki sAMkhya anubhavako ahaMkArajanya nahIM maantaa| aura anubhavake ahaMkAra janya na honese hI AtmAkA kartRtva svIkAra karanA par3atA hai / ataH AtmA kartA hai / bhoktA hai jisa taraha jIva apane bhAvoMkA kartA hai usI taraha unakA bhoktA bhI hai / yadi AtmA sukha duHkhakA bhoktA na ho to sukha duHkhako anubhUti hI nahIM ho sakatI aura anubhUti caitanyakA dharma ha / sAMkhyakA kahanA hai ki 'puruSa svabhAvase bhoktA nahIM hai kintu usameM bhoktRtvakA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki sukha duHkhakA anubhava buddhike dvArA hotA hai aura buddhi acetana hai| buddhimeM saMkrAnta sukha duHkhakA pratibimba zuddha svabhAvameM par3atA hai, ataH puruSako sukha duHkhakA bhoktA mAna liyA jAtA hai| isa para jainoMkA kahanA hai ki jaise sphaTikameM japAkusumakA pratibimba par3anese sphaTika maNikA lAla rUpase pariNamana mAnanA par3atA hai vaise hI puruSameM sukha duHkhakA pratibimba mAnanese puruSameM sukha

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jainadharma duHkharUpa pariNAma mAnanA hI par3atA hai| usake binA sukha duHkhakI anubhUti nahIM ho sktii| apane zarIrapramANa hai __ jaina darzanameM jIvako zarIrapramANa mAnA gayA hai| jaise dIpaka choTe yA bar3e jisa sthAnameM rakhA jAtA hai, usakA prakAza usake anusAra hI yA to sakuca jAtA hai yA phaila jAtA hai, vaise hI AtmA bhI prApta hue choTe yA bar3e zarIrake AkArakA ho jAtA hai| kintu na to saMkoca hone para AtmAke pradezoMkI hAni hotI hai aura na vistAra honepara naye pradezoMkI vRddhi hotI hai| pratyeka dazAmeM asaMkhyAtapradezIkA asaMkhyAtapradezI hI rahatA hai| ____ AtmAko zarIrapramANa mAnane meM yaha Apatti kI jAtI hai ki yadi AtmA zarIrake pratyeka pradezameM praveza karatA hai to zarIrakI taraha AtmAko bhI sAvayava mAnanA par3atA hai aura sAvayava mAnanese AtmAkA vinAza prApta hotA hai; kyoMki jaise ghaTa sAvayava hai jaba usake avayavoMkA saMyoga naSTa hotA hai to ghaTa bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai, usI taraha AtmAko sAvayava mAnanese usakA bhI nAza ho sakatA hai / isa ApattikA uttara jainadarzana detA hai ki jaina dRSTise AtmA kathaMcit sAvayava bhI hai; kintu usake avayava ghaTake avayavoMkI taraha kAraNapUrvaka nahIM haiN| arthAt ghaTa eka dravya nahIM hai kintu aneka dravya hai; kyoMki aneka paramANuoMke samUhase ghaTa banA hai aura pratyeka paramANu eka eka dravya hai / ataH ghaTake avayava usake kAraNabhUta paramANuoMse utpanna hue haiM / kintu AtmAmeM yaha bAta nahIM hai / AtmA eka akhaNDa aura avinAzI dravya hai| vaha aneka dravyoMke saMyogase nahIM banA hai| ataH ghaTakI taraha usake vinAzakA prasaGga upasthita nahIM hotaa| jaise AkAza eka sarvavyApaka amUrtika dravya hai, kintu use bhI jainadarzanameM ananta pradezI mAnA gayA

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siddhAnta hai, kyoMki yadi aisA na mAnA jAyegA to mathurA , kAzI aura kalakattA eka pradezavartI ho jaayeNge| cUMki ye bhinna-bhinna pradezavartI haiM ataH siddha hai ki AkAza bahupradezI haiN| bahupradezI honepara bhI na to AkAzakA vinAza hI hotA hai aura na vaha anitya hI hai, usI taraha AtmAko bhI jAnanA caahiye| dUsarI Apatti yaha kI jAtI hai ki yadi AtmA zarIrapramANa hai to bAlakake zarIra pramANase yuvA zarIrarUpa vaha kaise badala jAtA hai ? yadi bAlakake zarIra pramANako chor3akara vaha yuvAke zarIra pramANa hotA hai to zarIra kI taraha AtmA bhI anitya ThaharatA hai / yadi bAlaka ke zarIra pramANako chor3e binA AtmA yuvA zarIrarUpa hotA hai to yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki eka parimANako chor3e vinA dUsarA parimANa nahIM ho sktaa| isake sivA yadi jIva zarIraparimANa hai to zarIrake ekAdha aMzake kaTa jAne para AtmAke bhI amuka bhAgakI hAni mAnanI par3atI hai / isakA uttara yaha hai ki AtmA vAlakake zarIraparimANako chor3akara hI yuvA zarIrake parimANako dhAraNa karatA hai| jaise sarpa apane phaNa vagairahako phailAkara bar3A kara letA hai vaise hI AtmA bhI saMkoca-vistAra guNake kAraNa bhinna-bhinna samayameM bhinna-bhinna AkAravAlA ho jAtA hai / isa apekSAse AtmAko anitya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu dravyadRSTime to AtmA nitya hI hai| zarIrake khaNDita ho jAnepara bhI AtmA khaNDita nahIM hotA kintu zarIra ke khaNDita hue bhAgameM AtmAke pradeza na mAne jAya~ no zarIrame kaTakara alaga hue bhAgameM jo kaMcana dekhA jAtA hai usakA koI dUsarA kAraNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA; kyoMki usa bhAgameM dUsarI AtmA to nahIM ho sakatI, aura binA AtmAke parispanda nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki kucha derake bAda Atmapradeza sakuca jAte haiM to kaTe bhAgameM kriyA nahIM rhtii| ataH zarIrake do bhAga ho jAnepara bhI AtmAke do

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jainadharma bhAga nahIM hote / ataH AtmA zarIra parimANavAlA haiM kyoMki maiM sukhI hU~, ityAdi rUpase zarIrameM hI AtmAkA grahaNa hotA hai| isa prakAra Atma ka zarIraparimANavAlA siddha karake jainadArzanika AtmAke vyApakatvakA khaNDana karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki yadi AtmA vyApaka hai to usameM kriyA nahIM ho sakatI aura kriyAke binA vaha puNya-pApakA kartA naha ho sktaa| tathA kartRtvake binA bandha aura ma bhakI vyavasthA naha bntii| karmoMse saMyukta hai jainadarzana pratyeka saMsArI AtmAko karmoMse baddha mAnatA hai| yaha karmabandhana usake kisI amuka samayameM nahIM huA, kintu anAdise ha / jaisa, khAnase sonA sumaila hI nikalatA hai vaise hI saMsArI AtmAe~ bhI anAdikAlase karmabandhameM jakar3e hue hI pAye jAte haiN| yadi AtmAe~ anAdikAlase zuddha hI hoM to phira unake kamabandhana naha ho sakatA; kyoMki karmabandhanake liye Antarika azuddhikA honA Avazyaka ha / usake binA bhI yadi karmabandhana hone lage to mukta AtmAoMke bhI karmabandhanakA prasaMga upasthita ho sakatA hai aura aisI avasthAmeM muktike liye prayatna karanA vyartha ho jaayegaa| ___isa prakAra jaina dRSTi se jIva jAnane dekhanevAlA, amUrtika, kartA, bhoktA, zarIra parimANavAlA aura apane utthAna aura patana ke liye svayaM uttaradAyI ha / jIvake bheda __usa jIvake mUla bheda do haiM-saMsArI jIva aura mukta jIva / karmabandhanase baddha jo jIva eka gatise dUsarI gatimeM janma lete aura marate haiM ve saMsArI haiM aura jo usase chUTa cuke haiM ve mukta haiN| mukta jIvoMmeM to koI bheda hotA hI nahIM, sabhI samAna guNadharmavAle hote haiN| kintu saMsArI jIvoMmeM aneka bheda prabheda pAye jAte haiN| saMsArI jIva cAra prakArake

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63 siddhAnta hote haiM, nArakI, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva | isa pRthivIke nIce sAta naraka haiM, unameM jo jIva nivAsa karate haiM ve nArakI haiN| Upara svargoM meM jo nivAsa karate haiM ve deva kahAte haiM / hama Apa saba manuSya haiM aura pazu, pakSI, kIr3e, makor3e, vRkSa Adi zeSa sava tiryaJca kahe jAte haiM. nArakI, deva aura manuSyoMke to pA~coM jJAnendriyA~ hotI haiM, kintu tiryazvoMmeM aisA nahIM hai| pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika aura vanaspatikAyika jIvoMke kevala eka sparzana indriya hI hotI hai, usIke dvArA ve jAnate haiN| ina jIvoMko sthAvara kahate haiN| jainadharmake anusAra manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kor3e, makor3e Adike sivA pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspatimeM bhI jIva hai| miTTImeM kIr3e Adi jIva to haiM hI, kintu miTTI pahAr3a Adi svayaM pRthvIkAyika jIvoMke zarIrakA piNDa hai| isI taraha jalameM yaMtroMke dvArA dikhAI denevAle aneka jIvoMke atirikta jala svayaM jalakAyika jIvoMke zarIrakA piNDa hai| yahI bAta agnikAya Adike viSayameM bhI jAnanI cAhiya / laTa Adi jIvoMke sparzana aura rasanA ye do indriyA~ hotI haiN| cIMTI vagairahake sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa ye tIna indriyA~ hotI haiN| bhaure Adike sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa aura cakSu ye cAra indriyA~ hotI haiM aura sarpa, nevalA, pazu, pakSI Adike pA~coM indriyA~ hotI haiN| ina indriyoMke dvArA ve jIva apane apane yogya sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa aura zabdakA jJAna karate haiN| jaina zAstroMmeM ina sabhI jIvoMkI yoni, janma aura zarIra vagairahakA vistArase varNana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA jarUrI hai ki jainadarzana jIva bahutvavAdI haiN| vaha pratyeka jIvakI svataMtra sattA svIkAra karatA hai| usakA kahanA hai ki yadi sabhI jIva eka hote to eka jIvake sukhI honese sabhI jIva sukhI hote, eka jIvake duHkhI honese sabhI jIva duHkhI hote, ekake bandhanase sabhI

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jainadharma bandhanabaddha hote aura ekakI muktise sabhI mukta ho jaate| jIvoMkI bhinna-bhinna avasthAoMko dekhakara hI sAMkhyane bhI jIvoMkI anekatAko svIkAra kiyA hai| jainadarzanakA bhI yahI mata hai / 4 5. ajIvadravya jina dravyoMmeM caitanya nahIM pAyA jAtA ve ajIvadravya kahe jAte haiN| ve pA~ca haiN| unakA paricaya isa prakAra hai 1. pudgaladravya yaha bAta ullekhanIya hai ki jainadarzanameM pudgala zabdakA prayoga bilkula anokhA hai, anya darzanoM meM isakA prayoga nahIM pAyA jAtA / jo TUTe phUTe, bane aura bigar3e vaha saba pudgaladravya hai / moTe taurapara hama jo kucha dekhate haiM, chUte haiM, sU~ghate haiM, khAte haiM aura sunate haiM vaha saba pudgaladravya hai / isIliye jaina zAstroMmeM pudgalakA lakSaNa rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparzavAlA batalAyA hai / isa taraha pudgalase Adhunika vijJAnake 'maiTara' ( matter ) aura inarjI (Energy ) donoM hI saMgRhIta ho jAte haiM / jo paramANusambandhI Adhunika khojoMse paricita haiM ve pudgala zabdake cunAva kI prazaMsA hI kreNge| Adhunika vaijJAnikoMke matAnusAra saba aToma ( paramANu ) ilaikTrona proTrona aura nyUTronake samUha mAtra haiN| vijJAnameM yUreniyama eka dhAtu hai usase sadA tIna prakArako kiraNeM nikalatI rahatI haiN| jaba yUreniyamakA eka aNu tInoM kiraNoMko kho baiThatA hai to vaha eka reDiyamake aNuke rUpameM badala jAtA hai| isI taraha reDiyama aNu zIzA dhAtumeM parivartita ho jAtA hai / yaha parivartana batalAtA hai ki elekTrona aura proTronake vibhAgameM 'maiTara' kA eka rUpa dUsare rUpameM parivartita ho jAtA hai / isa raddo badala aura TUTa phUTako 'pudgala' zabda batalAtA hai| chahoM dravyoMmeM eka pudgala dravya hI mUrtika hai, zeSa dravya amUrtika haiN| nyAyadarzana

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siddhAnta 95 I kAra pRthivI, jala, teja aura vAyuko judA judA dravya mAnate haiM; kyoMki unakI mAnyatAke anusAra pRthivImeM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza cAroM guNa pAye jAte haiM, jalameM gandhake sivA zeSa tIna hI guNa pAye jAte haiM, tejameM gandha aura rasake sivA zeSa do hI guNa pAye jAte haiM aura vAyumeM kevala eka sparza hI guNa pAyA jAtA hai / ata: cAroMke paramANu jude jur3e haiM / arthAt pRthivIke paramANu jur3e haiM, jalake paramANu jude haiM, tejake paramANu jur3e haiM aura vAyuke paramANu jude haiN| ataH ye cAroM dravya jude jur3e haiM / kintu jainadarzanakA kahanA hai ki saba paramANu ekajAtIya ho haiM aura una sabhImeM cAroM guNa pAye jAte haiM / kintu unase bane hue dravyoMmeM jo kisI-kisI guNakI pratIta nahIM hotI, usakA kAraNa una guNoMkA abhivyakta na ho sakanA hI hai. jaise, pRthivImeM jalakA siMcana karanese gandha guNa vyakta hotA hai isaliye use kevala pRthvIkA hI guNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| A~valA khAkara pAnI pInese pAnIkA svAda mIThA lagatA hai, kintu vaha svAda kevala pAnIkA hI nahIM hai, A~valekA svAda bhI usameM sammilita hai / isI prakAra anyatra bhI jAnanA cAhiye | isake sivA jalase motI utpanna hotA hai jo pArthiva mAnA jAtA hai, jaMgalameM bA~soMkI ragar3a agni utpanna ho jAtI hai, jauke khAnese peTa meM vAyu utpanna hotI hai| isase siddha hai ki pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyuke paramANuoMmeM bheda nahIM haiN| jo kucha bheda hai, vaha kevala pariNamanakA bheda hai| ataH sabhI meM sparzAdi cAroM guNa mAnane caahiyeN| aura isIliye pRthvI Adi cAra dravya nahIM haiM kintu eka dravya hai / isIliye kahA hai Ademametta mutto dhAducadukkassa kAraNaM jo du / so o paramANU pariNAmaguNo sayamasaho // 78 // - paMcAsti 0 arthAt -- jo pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyukA kAraNa hai vaha paramANu hai / paramANu dravya hai usameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura rUpa ye cAroM guNa pAye jAte haiM / isI kAraNase vaha

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jainadharma kahA jAtA hai vaha paramANu avibhAgI hotA hai, kyoMki usakA Adi, anta aura madhya nahIM hai| isIlie usakA dUsarA bhAga nahIM hotaa| jainadarzanakI dRSTise dravya aura guNameM pradezabheda nahIM hotaa| isalie jo pradeza paramANukA hai vahI cAroM guNoMkA bhI hai / ataH ina cAroM guNoMko paramANuse judA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / phira bhI jo kisI dravyameM kisI guNakI pratIti nahIM hotI usakA kAraNa paramANukA pariNAmitva hai, pariNamanazIla honeke kAraNa ho kahIM kisI guNakI udbhUti dekhI jAtI hai aura kahIM kisI guNakI anubhUti / kintu paramANu zabdarUpa nahIM hai| pudgalake do bheda hai-paramANu aura skandha / prAcIna zAstroMmeM paramANukA mvarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA hai 'attAdi attamajjhaM attaMtaM va iNdiygejhN| jaM davaM avibhAgI taM paramANu viyANAhi // ' __ 'jo svayaM hI Adi, svayaM hI madhya aura svayaM hI antarUpa hai, arthAt jisameM Adi, madhya aura antakA bheda nahIM hai aura jo indriyoMke dvArA bhI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usa avibhAgI dravyako paramANu jaano|' 'savvesi khaMdhANaM jo aMtotaM viyANa paramANU / so sassado asaddo ekko avibhAgI muttibhavo ||77||'-pNcaasti0 'saba skandhoMkA jo antima khaNDa hai, arthAt jisakA dUsarA khaNDa nahIM ho sakatA, use paramANu jaano| vaha paramANu nitya hai, zabdarUpa nahIM hai, eka pradezI hai, avibhAgI hai aura mUrtika hai| 'eyarasavaNNagaMdhaM do phAsaM saddakAraNamasadaM / khadhaMtaridaM davaM paramANuM taM viyANAhi ||81||'-pnycaasti0 'jisameM eka rasa, eka rUpa, eka gandha aura do sparza guNa

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siddhAnta hote haiM, jo zabdakI utpattimeM kAraNa to haiM kintu svayaM zabdarUpa nahIM hai aura skandhase judA hai, use paramANu jaano|' __ Uparake isa vivecanase paramANuke sambandhameM aneka bAteM jJAta hotI haiN| pudgalake sabase choTe avibhAgI aMzako paramANu kahate haiM / vaha paramANu ekapradezI hotA hai, isIliye usakA dUsarA bhAga nahIM ho sakatA / usameM koI eka rasa, koI eka rUpa, koI eka gaMdha aura zIta-uSNameMse eka tathA snigdha rUkSameMse eka, isa taraha do sparza hote haiN| yadyapi paramANu nitya hai tathApi skandhoMke TUTanese usakI utpatti hotI hai / arthAt aneka paramANuoMkA samUharUpa skandha jaba vighaTita hotA hai to vighaTita hote hote usakA anta paramANu rUpoMmeM hotA hai, isa dRSTise paramANuoMkI bhI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| kintu dravyarUpase to paramANu nitya hI hai| ___ aneka paramANuoMke bandhasaM jo dravya taiyAra hotA hai, use skandha kahate haiN| do paramANuoMke melase dvayaNuka banatA hai, tIna paramANuoMke melase tryaNuka taiyAra hotA hai| isI taraha, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta paramANuoMke melase saMkhyAta pradezI, asaMkhyAta pradezI aura ananta pradezI skandha taiyAra hote haiN| hama jo kucha dekhate haiM vaha saba skandha hI haiN| dhUpameM jo kaNa ur3ate hue dRSTigocara hote haiM, ve bhI skandha hI haiN| 'yahA~ yaha batalA denA anucita na hogA ki Adhunika rasAyana zAstra (Chemistry ) meM jo 'aToma' mAne gaye haiM ve jaina paramANuoMke samakakSa nahIM haiN| yadyapi 'aToma' kA matalaba ArambhameM yahI liyA gayA thA ki jise vibhAjita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / tathApi aba yaha pramANita ho gayA hai ki 'aToma' proTona nyUTrona aura elekTronakA eka piNDa hai| paramANu 1 'Cosmology old and new, By Pro. G. R.Jain.

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jainadharma to vaha mUla kaNa hai jo dUsaroMke melake vinA svayaM kAyama rahatA hai| pudgala dravyakI aneka paryAyeM hotI haiM / yathA 'sado baMdho suhumo thUlo saMThANabhedatamachAyA / ujjodAdavasahiyA puggaladavvassa pajjAyA ||16||'-drvysN0 'zabda, vandha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, AkAra, khaNDa, andhakAra, chAyA, cA~danI aura dhUpa ye saba pudgala dravyakI paryAyeM haiN|' ___ anya dArzanikoMne zabdako AkAzakA guNa mAnA hai, kintu jaina dArzanika use pudgala dravyakI paryAya mAnate haiN| ve likhate haiM 'saddo khaMdhappabhavo khaMdho paramANusaMgasaMghAdo / puDhesu tesu jAyadi saddo uppAdago Niyado ||71||'-pnycaasti. 'zabda skandhase utpanna hotA hai| aneka paramANuoMke bandhavizeSako skandha kahate haiN| una skandhoMke parasparameM TakarAnese zabdoMkI utpatti hotI hai|' __ jainoMkA kahanA hai ki yadi zabda AkAzakA guNa hotA to mUrtika karNendriyake dvArA usakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA thA, kyoMki amUrtika AkAzakA guNa bhI amUrtika hI hogaa| aura amUrtikako mUrtika indriya nahIM jAna sktii| tathA zabda TakarAtA bhI hai, kue~ vagairahameM AvAja karanese pratidhvani sunAI par3atI hai / zabda rokA bhI jAtA hai, grAmophonake rikArDa, TelIphona Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| zabda gatimAna bhI hai| Adhunika vijJAna bhI zabdameM gati mAnatA hai| tathA skUla meM lar3akoMko prayoga dvArA batalAyA jAtA hai ki zabda aise AkAzameM gamana nahIM kara sakatA jahA~ kimI bhI prakArakA 'maiTara' na ho| ataH vijJAnase bhI zabda AkAzakA guNa siddha nahIM hotaa| ataH zabda mUrtika hai| bandhakA matalaba kevala do vastuoMkA parasparameM mila jAnA

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itihAsa 66 mAtra nahIM hai| kintu bandha usa sambandha vizeSako kahate haiM, jisameM do cIjeM apanI asalI hAlatako chor3akara eka tIsarI hAlatameM ho jAtI haiN| udAharaNake liye AksIjana aura hAiDrojana nAmaka do havAe~ haiN| ye donoM jaba parasparameM milatI hai to pAnIrUpa ho jAtI haiN| isI taraha kapUra pIparameNTa aura sata ajavAyana parasparameM milakara eka drava auSadhIkA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM / yaha bandha hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAye to jisa taraha vastrameM raMga-viraMge dhAgoMkA saMyoga honepara bhI saba dhAge alaga-alaga hI rahate haiM, ekakA dUsarepara koI prabhAva dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, usI taraha yadi paramANuoMkA bhI kevala saMyogamAtra hI mAnA jAye aura bandhavizeSa na mAnA jAye to unake saMyogase sthira sthUla vastukI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki bandhameM jo rasAyanika sammizraNa hotA hai, kevala saMyogameM vaha saMbhava nahIM hai / aura rasAyanika sammizraNake binA skandha utpanna nahIM ho sakatA / isIliye jaina darzanameM bandhake svarUpakA vizlepaNa bar3I bArIkIse kiyA gayA hai / usameM batalAyA hai ki snigdha aura rUkSaguNake nimittase hI paramANuoMkA bandha hotA hai| paramANumeM anya bhI aneka guNa haiM, kintu bandha karAnemeM kAraNa kevala do hI guNa haiM-snigdhatA-cikkaNatA aura rUkSatA-rUkhApanA / snigdha guNavAle paramANuAMkA bhI bandha hotA hai, rUkSaguNavAle paramANuoMkA bhI bandha hotA hai aura snigdha rUkSaguNavAle paramANuoMkA bhI bandha hotA hai| kintu jaghanya guNavAloMkA vandha nahIM hotA aura na samAna guNavAloMkA hI vandha hotA hai, kyoMki isa prakArake guNavAle paramANu yadyapi parasparameM mila sakate haiM kintu skandhako utpanna nahIM kara sakate / ataH do adhika guNavAloMkA hI parasparameM bandha ho sakatA hai; kyoMki adhika guNavAlA paramANu apanese do kama guNavAle paramANuse milakara eka tIsarI avasthA dhAraNa karatA hai, isIkA nAma bandha hai / yadi dose adhika yA kama guNavAloMkA bhI bandha mAna liyA

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100 jainadharma jAya to adhika viSamatA ho jAneke kAraNa adhika guNavAlA kama guNavAloMko apanemeM milA legA, kintu kama guNavAlA adhika guNavAlepara apanA utanA prabhAva nahIM DAla sakegA jitanA rasAyanika sammizraNake liye Avazyaka hai / ataH do adhika guNavAloMkA hI bandha hotA hai, aura vandhase skandhoM kI utpatti hotI hai / isa prakArakA bandha pudgala dravyameM ho saMbhava hai ataH bandha bhI pudgalakI paryAya hai / isI taraha moTApana, dubalApana, gola, tikona, caukora Adi AkAra aura TUTa-phUTa bhI mUrti kadravya meM hI saMbhava hai / ataH ve bhI pudgalakI paryAya haiN| jainadRSTise andhakAra bhI vastu hai, kyoMki vaha dikhAI detA hai aura usameM taratamabhAva pAyA jAtA hai / jaise, gAr3hA andhakAra, halakA andhakAra Adi / dUsare dArzanika andhakArako kevala prakAzakA abhAva hI mAnate haiM, kintu jainadArzanika use kevala abhAvamAtra na mAnakara prakAzakI hI taraha eka bhAvAtmaka cIja mAnate haiN| aura jaise sUrya, cA~da bagairahakA prakAza, jo dhUpa aura cA~danIke nAmase pukArA jAtA hai, pudgalakI paryAya haiM vaise hI andhakAra bhI pudgalakI paryAya haiN| chAyA bhI pudgalakI paryAya hai, kyoMki kisI mUrtimAn vastuke dvArA prakAzake ruka jAnepara chAyA par3atI haiM / isa prakAra indriyoMke dvArA hama jo kucha dekhate haiM, sU~ghate haiM, chUte haiM, cakhate haiM aura sunate haiM vaha saba pudgala dravyakI hI paryAya haiN| 2. dharmadravya aura 3. adharmadravya dharmadravya aura adharmadravyase matalaba puNya aura pApase nahIM haiM, kintu ye donoM bhI jIba aura pudgalakI hI taraha do svataMtra dravya haiM jo jIva aura pudgaloMke calane aura ThaharanemeM sahAyaka hote haiM / chaH dravyoMmeMse dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya to niSkriya haiM, inameM ilana-calana nahIM hotA, zeSa jIba

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siddhAnta aura pudgala ye do dravya sakriya haiN| ina donoM dravyoMko jo calanemeM sahAyatA karatA hai vaha dharmadravya hai aura jo ThaharanemeM sahAyatA karatA hai vaha adharmadravya hai| yadyapi calane aura ThaharanekI zakti to jIva pudgalameM hai hI, kintu bAhya sahAyatAke vinA usa zaktikI vyakti nahIM ho sktii| jaise pariNamana karanekI zakti to saMsArakI pratyeka vastumeM maujUda hai, kintu kAladravya usameM sahAyaka hai usakI sahAyatAke binA koI vastu pariNamana nahIM kara sktii| isI taraha dharma aura adharmakI sahAyatAke vinA na kisImeM gati ho sakatI hai aura na kisIkI sthiti ho sakatI hai| ye do dravya aise haiM, jinheM jainoMke sivA anya kisI bhI dharmane nahIM mAnA / donoM dravya AkAzakI taraha hI amUrtika haiM aura samasta lokavyApI haiN| jaisA ki kahA hai dhammatthikAyamaramaM avaNNagaMdhaM asaddamapphAsaM / logogAda puTaM pihulamasaMkhAdiyapadesaM ||83||'-pNcaasti / 'dharmadravyameM na rasa hai, na rUpa hai, na gaMdha hai, na sparza hai, aura na vaha zabdarUpa hI hai / tathA samastalokameM vyApta hai, akhaMDita hai aura asaMkhyAta pradezI hai|' 'udayaM jaha macchANaM gamaNANuggahayaraM havadi loe| taha jIvapuggalANaM dhammaM davvaM viyANehi ||8||'-pNcaasti| 'jaise isa lokameM jala machaliyoMke calanemeM sahAyaka hai vaise hI dharmadravya jIva aura pudgaloMko calane meM sahAyaka hai|' 'jaha havadi dhammadavvaM taha taM jANeha davvaMmadhammakkhaM / ThidikiriyAjuttANaM kAraNabhUdaM tu puDhavIva ||86||'-pNcaasti / 'jaisA dharmadravya hai vaisA hI adharmadravya hai| adharmadravya Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgaloMko pRthvIkI taraha ThaharanemeM sahAyaka hai|' sahAyaka honepara bhI dharma aura adharma dravya preraka kAraNa nahIM haiM, arthAt kisIko balAt nahIM calAte haiM aura na balAt

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101 jainadharma ThaharAte haiN| kintu calate hueko calanemeM aura Thaharate hueko ThaharanemeM sahAyaka hote haiN| yadi unheM gati aura sthitimeM mukhya kAraNa mAna liyA jAye to jo cala rahe haiM ve calate hI raheMge aura jo Thahare haiM ve Thahare hI rheNge| kintu jo calate haiM ve hI Thaharate bhI haiM / ataH jIva aura pudgala svayaM hI calate hai aura svayaM hI Thaharate haiM, dharma aura adharma kevala usameM sahAyakamAtra haiN|' 4. AkAzadravya jo sabhI dravyoMko sthAna detA hai use AkAzadravya kahate haiN| yaha dravya amUrtika aura sarvavyApI hai| ise anya dArzanika bhI mAnate haiN| kintu jainoMkI mAnyatAmeM unase kucha antara hai| jainadarzanameM AkAzake do bheda mAne gaye haiM-eka lokAkAza aura dUsarA alokAkAza / sarvavyApI AkAzake madhyameM lokAkAza hai aura usake cAroM ora sarvavyApI alokAkAza hai| 1. pro0 dhAsIrAma jainane apanI 'kAsamolaoNjI olDa eNDa nyu' nAmakI pustakameM dharmadravyako tulanA Adhunika vijJAnake Ithara nAmaka tattvase aura adharma dravyakI tulanA sara Aijaka nyUTanake AkarSaNa siddhAnta se kI hai| kyoMki vaijJAnikoMne 'Ithara' ko amUrtika, vyApaka, niSkriya aura adRzya mAnaneke sAtha gatikA Avazyaka mAdhyama bhI mAnA hai. jainoMne dharmadravyako bhI aisA hI mAnA hai| adharmadravya aura vijJAnake AkarpaNa siddhAntako tulanA karate hue prophesara jainane likhA hai-yaha jainadharmake adharmadravya viSayaka siddhAntakI sabase bar3I vijaya hai ki vizvakI sthiratAke liye vijJAnane adRzya AkarSaNazaktikI sattAko svayaMsiddha pramANake rUpameM svIkAra kiyA aura prasiddha vaijJAnika AisTInane usameM sudhAra karake use kriyAtmakarUpa diyaa| aba AkarSaNa siddhAntako sahAyaka kAraNake rUpameM mAnA jAtA hai, mUla kartAke rUpameM nahIM, isaliye aba vaha jainadharmaviSayaka adharmadravyakI mAnyatAke bilkula anurUpa baiThatA hai / ' pe-44 /

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siddhAnta 103 lokAkAzameM chahoM dravya pAye jAte haiM aura alokAkAzameM kevala AkAzadravya hI pAyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki likhA hai 'jIvA puggalakAyA dhammAdhammA ya logadoNaNNA / tatto aNaNNamaNNaM AyAsaM aMtavadirittaM ||91||'-pNcaasti / 'jIva, pudgala, dharma aura adharmadravya lokase bAhara nahIM haiM / aura AkAza usa lokake andara bhI hai aura bAhara bhI hai, kyoMki usakA anta nahIM hai|' sArAMza yaha hai ki AkAza sarvavyApI hai| usa AkAzake bIcameM lokAkAza hai, jo akRtrima hai-kisIkA banAyA huA nahIM hai| na usakA Adi hai aura na anta hI hai| kaTike donoM bhAgoM para donoM hAtha rakhakara aura donoM pairoMko phailAkara khar3e hue puruSake samAna lokakA AkAra hai| nIceke bhAgameM sAta naraka haiM / nAbhi dezameM manuSyaloka hai aura Uparake bhAgameM svargaloka hai| tathA mastaka pradezameM mokSasthAna hai| cUMki jIva zarIraparimANavAlA aura svabhAvase hI Uparako jAnevAlA hai ataH karmabandhanase mukta hote hI vaha zarIrameMse nikalakara Upara calA jAtA hai aura jAkara mokSasthAna meM Thahara jAtA hai| usase Age vaha jA nahIM sakatA, kyoMki gamanameM sahAyaka dharmadravya vahIMtaka pAyA jAtA hai, usase Age nahIM pAyA jaataa| aura usakI sahAyatAke vinA vaha Age jA nahIM sktaa| isIliye jaba kucha dArzanikoMne jainoMse yaha prazna kiyA ki dharma aura adharma dravyakI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai, AkAza unakA bhI kArya kara legA to unhoMne uttara diyA'AgAsaM avagAsaM gamaNaTThidikAraNehiM dedi jadi / uDDhaM gadippadhANA siddhA ciTThati kidha tattha ||92||'-pNcaasti / 'yadi AkAza avagAhake sAtha-sAtha gamana aura sthitikA bhI kAraNa ho jAyegA to Urdhvagamana karanevAle mukta jIva mokSasthAnameM kaise Thahara skeNge|'

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104 jainadharma isa para kahA jA sakatA hai ki muktajIva Upara lokake agrabhAgameM yadi nahIM Thahara sakeMge to na tthhreN| mAtra unheM ThaharAneke liye hI to do dravya nahIM mAne jA sakate ? isakA uttara dete hue AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM 'jamhA uvarimANaM siddhANaM jiNavarehi paNpattaM tamhA gamaNaTThANaM AyAse jANa Natthitti / / 63 // ' -paMcAsti / 'yataH bhagavAna jinendrane mukta jIvoMkA sthAna Upara lokake agrabhAgameM batalAyA hai, ataH AkAza gati aura sthitikA nimitta nahIM hai|' tathA'jadi havadi gamaNahedU AgAsaM ThANakAraNaM tesi / pasajadi alogahANI logassa aMtaparibuDDhI ||64||-pNcaasti / 'yadi AkAza jIva aura pudgaloMke gamana aura sthitimeM bhI kAraNa hotA hai to aisA mAnanese lokakI antima maryAdA bar3hatI hai aura alokAkAzakI hAni prApta hotI hai, kyoMki phira to jIva aura pudgala gati karate hue Age bar3hate jaayNge| aura jyoM-jyoM ve Age bar3hate jAyeMge tyoM-tyoM loka bar3hatA jAyegA aura aloka ghaTatA jaayegaa|' isapara bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki lokakI vRddhi aura alokako hAni yadi hotI hai to hoo, to usapara punaH AcArya kahate haiM tamhA dhammAdhammA gamaNaTThidikAraNANi NAkAsaM / idi jiNavarehi bhaNidaM logasahAvaM suNaMtANaM ||65||'-pNcaasti / 'jinavara bhagavAnane zrotAjanoMko lokakA svabhAva aisA hI batalAyA hai / ataH dharma aura adharmadravya hI gati aura sthitike kAraNa haiM, AkAza nhiiN|' Azaya yaha hai ki eka hI AkAzake do vibhAga kAyama rakhane meM pradhAna kAraNa dharma aura adharmadravya haiN| ina donoM

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siddhAnta 105 dravyoMkI vajahase hI jIva aura pudgala lokAkAzakI maryAdAse bAhara nahIM jA skte| jainetara dArzanikoMne AkAza dravyako mAnakara bhI na to lokakA koI khAsa AkAra mAnA aura na AtmAko sakriya aura zarIra parimANavAlA hI maanaa| isaliye usakA niyamana karaneke liye unheM dharma aura adharma nAmake dravya mAnanekI AvazyakatA bhI pratIta nahIM huii| kintu jainadharmameM vaisI vyavasthA honese AkAzase jude, kintu usake samakakSa do dravya aura mAne gye| isa taraha dharma aura adharmadravyake nimittase eka hI AkAza akhaNDa hokara bhI do rUpa ho gayA hai| jitane AkAzameM saba dravya pAye jAte haiM utane AkAzako lokAkAza kahate haiM aura usase atirikta jo zuddha akelA AkAza hai use alokAkAza kahate haiN| ___yahA~ yaha batalA denA anucita na hogA ki jaba jainadharma lokAkAzako sAnta mAnatA hai aura usake Age ananta AkAza mAnatA hai taba prasiddha vaijJAnika AisTIna samastalokako sAnta mAnate haiM kintu usake Age kucha nahIM mAnate ; kyoMki pro0 eDiMgaTanakA kahanA hai ki padArthavijJAnakA vidyArthI kabhI bhI AkAzako zUnyavat nahIM mAna sakatA / 5. kAladravya jo vastumAtrake parivartana karAnemeM sahAyaka hai use kAladravya kahate haiM / yadyapi pariNamana karanekI zakti sabhI padArthoMmeM hai, kintu bAhya nimittake binA usa zaktiko vyakti nahIM ho sktii| jaise kumhArake cAkameM ghUmanekI zakti maujUda hai, kintu kIlakA sAhAyya pAye binA vaha ghUma nahIM sakatA, vaise hI saMsArake padArtha bhI kAladravyakA sAhAyya pAye binA parivartana nahIM kara sakate / ataH kAladravya unake parivartanameM sahAyaka hai| 1. Cosmology Old and New, P. 57.

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106 jainadharma kintu vaha bhI vastuoMkA balAt pariNamana nahIM karAtA hai aura na eka dravyakA dUsare dravyarUpa pariNamana karAtA hai, kintu svayaM pariNamana karate hue dravyoMkA sahAyakamAtra ho jAtA hai| kAla do prakArakA hai-eka nizcayakAla aura dUsarA vyavahArakAla / lokAkAzake pratyeka pradezapara jude-jude kAlANukAlake aNu sthita haiM, una kAlANuko nizcayakAla kahate haiN| arthAt kAladravya nAmakI vastu ve kAlANu hI haiN| una kAlANuoMke nimittase ho saMsArameM pratikSaNa parivartana hotA rahatA hai| unhIMke nimittase pratyeka vastukA astitva kAyama hai| AkAzake eka pradezameM sthita pudgalakA eka paramANu mandagatise jitanI dera meM usa pradezase lage hue dUsare pradezapara pahu~catA hai use samaya kahate haiN| yaha samaya kAladravyakI paryAya hai| samayoMke samUhako hI AvalI, uchvAsa, prANa, stoka, ghaTikA, dina rAta Adi kahA jAtA hai| yaha saba vyavahArakAla haiM / yaha vyavahArakAla saura maNDalakI gati aura ghar3I vagairahake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai tathA isake dvArA hI nizcayakAla arthAt kAladravyake astitvakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ; kyoMki jaise kisI bacce meM zerakA vyavahAra karanese ki 'yaha baccA zera hai' zera nAmake pazuke honekA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI sUrya AdikI gatimeM jo kAlakA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha aupacArika hai, ataH kAla nAmakA koI svataMtra dravya honA Avazyaka hai jisakA upacAra laukika vyavahArameM kiyA jAtA hai| kAladravyako anya dArzanikoMne bhI mAnA hai, kintu unhoMne vyavahArakAlako hI kAladravya mAna liyA hai / kAladravya nAmakI aNurUpa vastuko kevala jainoMne hI svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha kAladravya bhI AkAzakI taraha hI amUrtika hai| kevala itanA antara hai ki AkAza eka akhaNDa hai, kintu kAladravya aneka haiM, jaisA ki likhA hai

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107 siddhAnta loyAyAsapadese ekkekke je TThiyA hu ekkekkaa| rayaNANaM rAsimiva te kAlANu asaMkhadavvANi ||-srvaarth0 pR0 191 'lokAkAzake eka-eka pradezapara ratnoMkI rAzikI taraha jo eka-eka karake sthita haiM, ve kAlANu haiM aura ve asaMkhyAta dravya haiN| arthAt pratyeka kAlANu eka-eka dravya hai jaise ki pudgalakA pratyeka paramANu eka eka dravya hai|' __ pravacanasAra Adi granthoMmeM ina kAlANuoMke sambandhameM aneka yuktiyA~ke dvArA acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai jo manana karane yogya hai| ____ isa prakAra jainadarzanameM 6 dravya mAne gaye haiN| kAlako chor3akara zeSa dravyoMko pazcAstikAya kahate haiN| 'astikAya' meM do zabda mile hue haiM eka 'amti' aura dUsaga 'kAya' / 'asti' zabdakA artha hai' hotA hai jo ki astitva sUcaka hai, aura kAyazabdakA artha hotA hai. 'zarIra' / arthAt jaise zarIra bahudezo hotA hai vaise hI kAlake sivA zepa pA~ca dravya bhI bahupradezI haiN| isaliye unheM astikAya kahate haiN| kintu kAladravya astikAya nahIM hai; kyoMki usake kAlANu asaMkhya honepara bhI parasparameM sadA abaddha rahate haiM, na to ve AkAzake pradezoMkI taraha sadAse mile hue eka aura akhaNDa haiM aura na pudgala paramANuoMkI taraha kabhI milate aura kabhI vichur3ate hI haiN| isaliye ve 'kAya' nahIM kahe jaate| pradezake sambandhameM bhI kucha moTI bAteM jAna lenI caahiye| jitane dezako eka pudgala paramANu rokatA hai utane dezako pradeza haiM / lokAkAzameM yadi kramavAra eka-eka karake paramANuoMko barAbara-barAbara saTAkara rakhA jAye to asaMkhyAta paramANu samA sakate haiM. ataH lokAkAza aura usameM vyApta dharma aura adharma dravya asaMkhyAtapradezI kahe jAte haiN| isI taraha zarIraparimANa jIvadravya bhI yadi zarIrase bAhara hokara phaile to lokAkAzameM vyApta ho sakatA hai ataH jIvadravya bhI asaMkhyAtapradezI hai|

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jainadharma pudgalakA paramANu to eka hI pradezI haiM, kintu una paramANuoMke samUha se jo skandha bana jAte haiM ve saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradezI hote haiM / ataH pudgala dravya bhI bahupradezI hai / isa taraha bahupradezI honese pA~ca dravyoMko pacAstikAya kahate haiM / 108 6. yaha vizva aura usakI vyavasthA yaha vizva, jo hamArI A~khoMke sAmane hai aura jisameM hama nivAsa karate haiM, inhIM dravyoMse banA huA hai / 'banA huA' se matalaba yaha nahIM lenA cAhiye ki kisIne amuka samayameM isa vizvakI racanA kI hai| yaha vizva to anAdi-anidhana hai, na isakI Adi hI hai aura na anta hI hai, na kabhI kisIne ise banAyA hai aura na kabhI isakA anta hI hotA hai / anAdikAlase yaha aisA hI calA A rahA hai aura anantakAla taka aisA hI calA jAyegA / rahA parivartana, so vaha to pratyeka vastukA svabhAva hai / sarvathA nitya to koI vastu hai hI nahIM / ho bhI nahIM sakatI, kyoMki vastuko sarvathA nitya mAnanepara vizva meM jo vaicitrya dikhAI detA hai vaha saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA / ataH parivartanazIla saMsArakI maulika sthitimeM koI parivartana na hote hue vizvakI vyavasthA sadA jArI rahatI hai / kintu kucha dArzanikoM aura janasAdhAraNakI bhI aisI dhAraNA hai ki isa vizvakA koI eka racayitA avazya honA cAhiye, jisakI AjJAse vizvakI vyavasthA sadA niyamita rIti se jArI rahatI hai| sRSTiracanAke sambandha meM yoM to aneka mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiM kintu moTerUpase unheM tIna bhAgoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| eka vibhAgavAle to yaha mAnate haiM ki eka paramezvara yA brahma hI anAdi ananta hai / jo eka brahmako hI anAdi ananta mAnate haiM unakA kahanA hai ki brahmake sivAya anya kucha hai hI nahIM / yaha jo kucha bhI sRSTi dikhAI de rahI hai vaha svapnake

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siddhAnta 109 samAna eka prakArakA bhrama hai| jo paramezvarako hI anAdi ananta mAnate haiM unakA kahanA hai ki yaha sRSTi bhramamAtra to nahIM hai| kintu ise paramezvarane hI nAstise astirUpa kiyA hai| pahale to eka paramezvarake sivAya kucha thA hI nhiiN| pIche usane kisI samayameM avastuse hI ye saba vastue~ banA dI haiN| jaba vaha cAhegA taba phira vaha inheM nAstirUpa kara degA aura taba sivAya usa eka paramezvarake anya kucha bhI na rhegaa| dUsare vibhAgavAle kahate haiM avastuse koI vastu bana nahIM sakatI, vastuse hI vastu banA karatI hai| saMsArameM jIva aura ajIva do prakArakI vastue~ dikhAI detI haiM, ve kisIke dvArA banAI nahIM gaI hai| jisa prakAra paramezvara sadAse hai usI prakAra jIva aura ajIvarUpa vastue~ bhI sadAse haiM, sadA rheNgii| parantu ina vastuoMkI aneka avasthAoMkA banAnA aura bigAr3anA usa paramezvarake hI hAthameM hai| tIsare vibhAgavAloMkA kahanA hai ki jIva aura ajIva ye donoM hI prakArakI vastue~ anAdise haiM aura anantakAla taka rheNgii| inakI avasthAoMko badalanevAlA aura isa vizvakA niyAmaka koI tIsarA nahIM hai| inhoM vastuoMke parasparake sambandhase inhoMke guNoM aura svabhAvoMke dvArA saba parivartana svayameva hotA hai| isa prakAra ina tInoM matoMmeM yadyapi bahuta antara hai to bhI eka vAtameM ye tInoM hI sahamata haiN| tInoMne hI kisI na kisI vastuko anAdi avazya mAnA hai| pahalA brahma yA Izvarako anAdi mAnatA hai / vahI isa vizvako banAtA aura bigAr3atA hai| dUsarA paramezvarake hI samAna jIva aura ajIvako bhI anAdi mAnatA hai| tIsarA jIva aura ajIvako hI anAdi mAnatA hai| ataH ina tInoMmeM yaha vivAda to uTha hI nahIM sakatA ki binA banAye sadAse bhI koI vastu ho sakatI hai yA nhiiN| aura jaba yaha mAna liyA gayA ki binA banAye sadAse bhI koI yA kucha vastue~ ho sakatI haiM to yaha bAta bhI sabhI svIkAra

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110 jainadharma kareMge ki vastumeM koI na koI guNa yA svabhAva bhI avazya hotA haiM, kyoMki binA kisI guNa yA svabhAvake koI vastu ho hI nahIM sktii| aura jaise vaha vastu anAdi hai vaise hI usakA guNa yA svabhAva bhI anAdi hai| sArAMza yaha ki do bAtoM meM saMsArake sabhI matavAle ekamata haiM ki saMsArameM koI vastu binA banAye anAdi bhI huA karatI hai aura binA banAye usake guNa aura svabhAva bhI anAdi hote haiN| aba kevala yaha nizcaya karanA hai ki kauna vastu binA banI huI anAdi hai aura kauna vastu sAdi hai ? jaba hama saMsArakI ora dRSTi dete haiM to saMsArameM to hameM koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM milatI jo binA kisI vastuke hI bana gaI ho| aura na koI aisI vastu dikhAI detI hai jo kisI samaya ekadama nAstirUpa ho jAtI ho| yahA~ to vastuse hI vastu banatI dekhI jAtI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki na to koI sarvathA navIna vastu paidA hotI hai aura na koI vastu sarvathA naSTa hI hotI hai| kintu jo vastue~ pahalese calI AtI haiM unhIM kA rUpa badala-badalakara navIna navIna vastue~ dikhAI detI rahatI haiM / jaise, sonese aneka prakArake AbhUSaNa banAye jAte haiN| soneke binA ye AbhUSaNa nahIM bana skte| phira unhIM AbhUSaNoMko tor3akara dUsare prakArake AbhUSaNa banAye jAte haiN| sonA unameM bhI rahatA hai / isI prakAra miTTI, jala, vAyu aura dhUpakA saMyoga pAkara bIja hI vRkSarUpa pariNata hotA hai / vRkSako jalA denepara usake koyale ho jAte haiM aura koyale jalakara rAkha ho jAte haiN| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki vastuse hI vastukI utpatti hotI hai / tathA jagatmeM eka bhI paramANu na to kama hotA hai aura na bar3hatA hai / sadA jitaneke titane hI rahate haiM / hA~, unakI avasthAe~ badala-badalakara naI-naI vastuoMko sRSTi hotI rahatI hai| ataH yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki saMsArameM koI vastu astise nAstirUpa nahIM hotI aura nAstise astirUpa nahIM

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siddhAnta 111 hotI / kintu hareka vastu kisI na kisI rUpameM sadAse calI AtI hai aura Age bhI kisI na kisI rUpameM sadA vidyamAna rahegI / arthAt saMsArako jIva va ajIvarUpa sabhI vastue~ anAdi ananta haiM aura unake aneka navInarUpa hote rahanese hI yaha saMsAra cala rahA hai / isa prakAra jIva va ajIvarUpa sabhI vastuoMkI nityatA siddha ho jAnepara aba kevala eka bAta nirNaya karaneke yogya raha jAtI hai ki saMsArake ye saba padArtha kisa tarahase navIna-navIna rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / isa bAtakA nirNaya karaneke liye jaba hama saMsArakI ora dRSTi DAlate haiM to hameM mAlUma hotA hai ki manuSya manuSyase hI paidA hotA hai| isI taraha pazu-pakSI bhI apane mA~bApase hI paidA hote dekhe jAte haiN| binA mA~-bApake unakI utpatti nahIM dekhI jAtI / gehU~, canA Adi anAja tathA Ama, amarUda Adi vanaspatiyA~ bhI apane-apane boja, jar3a yA zAkhA vagairaha se hI utpanna hotI huI dekhI jAtI haiN| aura jaise ye Aja utpanna hotI huI dekhI jAtI haiM vaise hI pahale bhI utpanna hotI hoMgI / isa taraha ina saba vastuoM kI utpatti anAdi mAnane para isa dharatI ko bhI anAdi mAnanA hI par3atA hai / jisa prakAra vastue~ anAdi ananta haiM usI prakAra unake guNa aura svabhAva bhI anAdi ananta haiM / jaise, agnikA svabhAva uSNa hai / yaha usakA svabhAva anAdise hI hai aura ananta kAlataka rahegA / isI prakAra anya vastuoMke sambandhameM bhI samajha lenA cAhiye / yadi vastuoMke guNa aura svabhAva sadA badalate rahate to manuSyako kisI vastuko chUne yA usase pAsa jAne takakA sAhasa bhI na hotA / use sadA yaha bhaya rahatA ki na jAne Aja isakA kyA svabhAva ho gayA haiM ? parantu unake guNa aura svabhAva ke viSayameM vaha sadA nirbhaya rahatA hai kyoMki vaha unake svabhAva ke viSayameM apane aura apanese pUrvavartI sajjanoMke anubhavapara pUrA bharosA karatA hai / ataH yaha siddha

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112 jainadharma hotA hai ki vastuoMkI hI taraha unake guNa aura svabhAva bhI anAdi-ananta haiM / isI prakAra saMsArakI vastuoMkI jA~ca karanepara yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki do yA tIna vastuoMko milAnese jo vastue~ Aja bana sakatI haiM ve pahale bhI vana sakatI thiiN| jaise nIlA aura pIlA raMga milAnese Aja harA raMga bana jAtA hai, yaha raMga pahale bhI bana sakatA thA aura Age bhI banatA rhegaa| aise hI kisI eka vastukaM prabhAvase jo parivartana dUsarI vastumeM ho jAtA hai vaha pahale bhI hotA thA yA ho sakatA thA aura Age bhI hotA rahegA / jaise; AgakI garmI se jo bhApa Aja banatI hai vahI pahale bhI banatI thI aura AgekI bhI banatI rhegii| jalAnese jaise Aja lakar3I, Aga, koyalA rAkharUpa ho jAtI haiM vaise hI ve pahale bhI hotI thIM aura Age bhI hoMgI / sArAMza yaha hai ki anya vastuse prabhAvita hone tathA anya vastuoMkoM prabhAvita karaneke guNa aura svabhAva bhI vastuoMmeM anAdi haiN| isa prakAra vicAra karanepara jaba yaha bAta siddha ho jAtI haiN| ki vRkSase bIja aura bIjase vRkSakI utpatti ke samAna yA murgIse aNDA aura aNDese murgIkI utpattike samAna saMsArake sabhI manuSya, pazu pakSI aura vanaspatiyA~ santAna dara santAna anAdi kAlase cale Ate haiN| kisI samaya meM inakA Adi nahIM ho sakatA aura ina sabake anAdi honese isa pRthvIkA bhI anAdi honA jarUrI haiN| sAtha hI vastuoMke guNa svabhAva aura eka dUsarepara asara DAlane tathA eka dUsareke asarako grahaNa karanekI prakRti bhI anAdi kAlase hI calI AtI hai, taba jagatake prabandhakA sArA DhA~cA hI manuSyakI A~khoMke sAmane ho jAtA / use spaSTa pratIta hote lagatA hai ki saMsArameM jo kucha ho rahA hai vaha saba vastuoMke guNa aura svabhAvake hI kAraNa ho rahA hai| isake sivA na to koI IzvarIya zakti hI isameM koI kArya kara rahI hai aura na usakI koI jarUrata hI hai| jaise, jaba samudrake

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siddhAnta 113 pAnIpara sUrajakI dhUpa par3atI hai to usa dhUpameM jitanA tApa hotA hai usIke anusAra samudrakA pAnI bhAparUpa bana jAtA hai / aura jidharakI havA hotI hai udharako ho bhApa banakara calA jAtA hai / phira jahA~ kahIM bhI use itanI ThaMDa mila jAtI hai ki vaha pAnIkA pAnI ho jAve vahIM pAnI ho kara barasane lagatA hai / phira vaha varasA huA pAnI svabhAvase hI DhAlako ora bahatA huA bahuta-sI cIjoMko apane sAtha letA huA calA jAtA hai / aura bahutA bahutA nadiyoMke dvArA samudrameM hI jA pahu~catA hai / dhUpa, havA, pAnI aura miTTI Adike ina uparyukta svabhAvoMse duniyAmeM lAkhoM karor3oM parivartana ho jAte haiM, jinase phira lAkhoM karor3oM kAma hone laga jAte haiN| anya bhI jina parivartanoMpara dRSTi DAlate haiM unameM bhI vastu svabhAvako hI kAraNa pAte haiM / jaba saMsArakI sArI vastue~ aura unake guNa svabhAva sadAse haiM aura jaba saMsAra kI sArI vastue~ dUsarI vastuoMse prabhAvita hotI haiM aura dUsarI vastuoMpara apanA prabhAva DAlatI haiM taba to yaha bAta jarUrI hai ki unameM sadAse hI AdAna-pradAna hotA rahatA hai aura usake kAraNa nAnA parivartana hote rahate haiM / yahI saMsArakA cakra hai jo vastusvabhAva ke dvArA apane Apa ho cala rahA hai / kintu avicArI manuSya usase cakita hokara bhrama meM par3e hue haiN| 8 vicAranekI bAta hai ki jaba samudrake pAnIkI hI bhApa banakara usakA hI bAdala banatA hai taba yadi vastu svabhAva ke sivAya koI dUsarA hI varSAkA prabandha karanevAlA hotA to vaha kabhI bhI usa samudrapara pAnI na barasAtA jisake pAnIkI bhApase hI vaha bAdala banA thA / parantu dekhane meM to yahI AtA hai ki bAdalako jahA~ bhI itanI ThaMDa mila jAtI hai ki bhApakA pAnI bana jAve vahIM vaha barasa par3atA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha samudrapara bhI varasatA hai aura dharatIpara bhI / bAdalako to isa bAtakA jJAna hI nahIM ki use kahA~ barasanA cAhiye aura kahA~ nahIM / isIse kabhI varSA

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114 jainadharma samayapara hotI hai aura kabhI kusmymeN| balki kabhI kabhI to aisA hotA hai ki sArI phasala bhara acchI varSA hokara antameM eka Adha varSAkI aisI kamI ho jAtI haiM ki sArI karI karAI khetI mArI jAtI hai| yadi vastu svabhAvake sivAya koI dUsarA prabandhakartA hotA to aisI andhAdhundhI kabhI bhI na hotI / isapara zAyada yaha kahA jAye ki usakI to icchA hI yaha thI ki isa kheta meM anAja paidA na ho yA kama paidA ho | parantu yadi yahI bAta hotI to vaha sArI phasala bhara acchI varSA karake usa khetIko itanI bar3I hI kyoM hone detaa| balki vaha to usa kisAnako bIja hI na bone detaa| yadi kisAnapara usakA kAbU nahIM cala sakatA thA to khetameM par3e bIjako hI vaha na ugane detA yadi bIjapara bhI usakA kAbU na thA to bArizakI eka bU~da bhI usa khetameM na par3ane detA / tathA yadi saMsArake usa prabandhakartA kI yahI icchA hotI ki isa varSa anAja hI paidA na ho yA kamatI paidA ho to vaha una khetoMko hI na sukhAtA jo bArizake hI Upara nirbhara haiM balki una khetoMko bhI jarUra sukhAtA jinameM naharase pAnI AtA hai / parantu dekhanemeM yahI AtA hai ki jisa varSa varSA nahIM hotI usa varSa una khetoMmeM to kucha bhI paidA nahIM hotA jo varSApara nirbhara haiM, aura naharase pAnI AnevAle khetoM meM usI varSa saba kucha paidA ho jAtA hai / isase siddha hai ki saMsArakA koI eka prabandhakatA nahIM hai balki vastusvabhAva ke kAraNa hI jaba varSAke nimitta kAraNa juTa jAte haiM taba pAnI barasa jAtA hai aura jaba ve kAraNa nahIM juTate taba pAnI nahIM barasatA / varSAko isa bAtakA jJAna nahIM hai ki usake kAraNa koI khetI harI hogI yA sUkhegI aura saMsArake jIvoMkA lAbha hogA yA hAni / isIse aisI gar3abar3I ho jAtI haiM ki jahA~ AvazyakatA hotI hai vahA~ eka bUMda bhI pAnI nahIM par3atA aura jahA~ AvazyakatA nahIM hotI vahA~ khUba varSA ho jAtI hai| kisI prabandhakartAke na honeke kAraNa hI manuSyane nahara nikAlakara aura

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siddhAnta 115 kue~ Adi khodakara yaha prabandha kiyA hai ki yadi varSA na ho to bhI apane khetoMko pAnI dekara vaha anAja paidA kara mke| __ isake sivAya jaba pratyeka dharmake anusAra saMsArameM isa samaya pApoMkI hI adhikatA ho rahI hai aura nitya hI bhArIbhArI anyAya dekhane meM Ate haiM taba yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jagatkA koI prabandhakartA bhI hai, jisakI AjJAko na mAnakara hI ye saba aparAdha aura pApa ho rahe haiN| zAyada kahA jAye ki rAjAkI bhI to AjJAbhaMga hotI rahatI hai| kintu rAjA na to sarvajJa hI hotA hai aura na sarvazaktimAna / isaliye na to use saba aparAdha karanevAloMkA hI patA rahatA hai aura na vaha saba prakArake aparAdhoMko dUra hI kara sakatA hai| parantu jo sarvajJa aura sarvazaktimAna ho aura eka choTese paramANuse lekara AkAza takakI gati aura sthitikA kA kAraNa ho, jisakI icchAke binA eka pattA taka bhI nahIM hila sakatA ho, usake sambandhameM yaha bAta kabhI bhI nahIM kahI jA sktii| eka ora to use saMsArake eka eka kaNakA prabandhakartA batAnA aura dUsarI ora aparAdhoMke rokanemeM use asamartha ThaharAnA, yaha to usa prabandhakartAkA parihAsa hai| tathA yadi koI isa saMsArakA prabandhaka hotA to vaha yaha avazya batalAtA ki isa samaya hameM jo sukha yA duHkha mila rahA hai vaha hamAre kaunase kRtyoMkA phala hai jisase hama AgAmIko bure kRtyose bacate aura acche kAmoMkI ora lagate / parantu hameM to yaha bhI mAlUma nahIM ki puNya kyA hai aura pApa kyA hai ? eka hI kRtyako koI pApa kahatA hai aura koI puNya / yahI vajaha hai ki saMsArameM saikar3oM prakArake mata phaile hue haiM aura tamAzA yaha hai ki saba hI apane apane matako usI sarvazaktimAn paramAtmA kA batalAyA huA kahate haiN| jahA~ taka hama samajhate haiM aisA andhera to mAmUlI rAjAoMke rAjyameM bhI nahIM hotaa| pratyeka rAjAke rAjyameM jo kAnUna pracalita hotA hai, yadi koI manuSya usake

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jainadharma viparIta niyama calAnA cAhatA hai yA usake viruddha pracAra karatA hai to vaha daNDa pAtA hai| kintu sarvazaktimAna paramAtmAke rAjyameM saikar3oM hI matoMke pracAraka apane apane dharmakA upadeza karate haiM apane apane siddhAntoMko usI eka paramezvarakI AjJA batAkara usake hI anusAra calanekI ghoSaNA karate haiN| aura yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI saMsArake pravandhakartA usa sarvazaktimAn paramezvarakI orase cha bhI rokaToka isa viSayameM nahIM hotii| aisI sthitimeM to kabhI bhI yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki koI sarvazaktimAna paramezvara isa saMsArakA prabandha karatA hai| balki yahI mAnaneke liye vivaza honA par3atA hai ki vastu svabhAvapara hI saMsArakA sArA DhA~cA ba~dhA huA hai aura usIke anusAra jagatakA saba prabandha calA AtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yadi koI manuSya vastu svabhAvake viparIta AcaraNa karatA hai to ye sava vastue~ usako manA karane yA rokane nahI jaatii| aura na apane svabhAvake anusAra kabhI apanA phala denese hI cUkatI haiM / jaise, AgameM cAhe to koI bAlaka nAdAnIse apanA hAtha DAla de yA kisI buddhimAna puruSakA hAtha bhUlase par3a jAve, vaha Aga apanA kAma avazya kregii| manuSyake zarIra meM saikar3oM bImAriyA~ aisI aisI hotI haiM jo usake ajJAta dApoMkA hI phala hotI haiN| parantu prakRti yA vastu svabhAva use nahIM batAte ki tere amuka doSake kAraNa tujhako yaha bImArI huI hai| isI taraha hamAre doSoMkA phala bhI hameM vastu svabhAvake anusAra svayaM mila jAtA hai| isa prakAra vastu svabhAvake anusAra tAM yaha bAta ThIka baiTha jAtI hai ki mukha duHkha bhogate samaya kyoM hamako hamAre una kRtyoMkI khabara nahIM hotI. jinake phalasvarUpa hameM vaha sukha duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai| parantu kisI prabandhakartAke mAnanekI hAlatameM vaha bAta kabhI ThIka nahIM baiThatI, balki ulTA andhera hI dRSTi

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siddhAnta gocara hone lagatA hai| yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki jo baccA kisI cora, DAkU yA vezyA Adi pApiyoMke ghara paidA kiyA gayA hai vaha apane bhale bure kRtyoMke phalasvarUpa hI aise sthAnameM paidA kiyA gayA hai to sarvazaktimAn dayAlu paramezvarako prabandhakartA mAnaneko avasthAmeM yaha bAta ThIka nahIM baiThatI; kyoMki zarAbI zarAba pIkara aura usakA burA phala bhogakara bhI yadi zarAbakI dukAnapara jAtA hai aura pahalese bhI teja zarAba mAMgatA hai no vastusvabhAvake anusAra to yaha bAta ThIka baiTha jAtI hai ki zarAbanaM usakA dimAga aisA kharAba kara diyA hai jisase aba usako pahalese bhI jyAdA teja zarAba pInekI icchA hotI hai / parantu jagatake prabandhakartA dvArA hI phala milaneko avasthAmeM to zarAba pInekA aisA daNDa milanA cAhiye thA jisase vaha zarAbakI dukAnataka paha~ca hI nahIM sakatA yA phira kabhI usakA nAma hI nahIM letaa| isI taraha vyabhicAra aura corI AdikI bhI aisI sajA milanI cAhiye thI, jisase vaha kabhI bhI vyabhicAra yA corI karane nahIM paataa| jo jIva coroM yA vezyAoMke ghara paidA kiye jAte haiM unheM aisI jagaha paidA karanA to corI aura vyabhicArakI zikSA dilAnekA hI prayatna karanA hai / sarvazaktimAna dayAlu paramezvarase to aisI AzA kabhI bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| esI bAteM dekhakara yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki saMsArakA koI bhI eka buddhimAna prabandhakartA nahIM hai| balki vastu svabhAvake dvArA aura usIke anusAra hI jagatakA sava prabandha cala rahA hai kheda hai ki manuSyoMne vastu svabhAvako na samajhakara saMsArakA eka prabandhakartA mAna liyA hai| pRthvIpara rAjAko manuSyoM ke vIcameM prabandha sambandhI kArya karatA huA dekhakara sAre saMsArake prabandhakartAko bhI vaisA hI mAna liyA hai / jisa prakAra rAjA loga khuzAmada aura stutise prasanna hokara khuzAmada karanevAloMke vazameM ho jAte haiM aura unakI icchAke anusAra hI

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118 jainadharma kArya karane laga jAte haiM usI prakAra duniyAke logoMne bhI saMsAra ke prabandhakartAko khuzAmada yA stutise prasanna honevAlA mAnakara usakI bhI khuzAmada karanA zurU kara diyA hai aura apane AcaraNoMko sudhAranA chor3a baiThe haiN| isI vajahase saMsArameM pApoMkI vRddhi hotI jAtI hai| jaba manuSya isa bhrAmaka vicArako hRdayase dUra karake vastu svabhAvake aTala siddhAntako mAnane laga jAyeMge tabhI unake cittameM yaha vicAra jar3a pakar3a sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra A~khoMmeM mirca aura ghAvapara namaka DAla denese dardakA honA Avazyaka hai vaha darda kisIkI khuzAmada yA stutise dUra nahIM ho sakatA, jabataka ki mirca yA namakakA asara dUra na kara diyA jAye / usa hI prakAra jaisA hamArA AcaraNa hogA vaisA hI usakA phala bhI hameM avazya bhoganA pdd'egaa| kisIkI khuzAmada yA stutise use TAlA nahIM jA sktaa| 'jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI, ke siddhAntapara pUrNa vizvAsa ho jAnepara hI yaha manuSya bure kRtyoMse baca sakatA hai aura bhale kRtyoMkI tarapha laga sakatA hai| parantu jaba taka manuSyako yaha khyAla banA rahegA ki khuzAmada karane, kevala stutiyA~ par3hane yA bheMTa car3hAne Adike dvArA bhI mere aparAdha kSamA ho sakate haiM tabataka vaha bure kAmoMse nahIM baca sakatA aura na acche kAmoMkI tarapha laga sakatA hai| ataH saMsArake logoMko cAhiye ki ve vastu svabhAvake aTala siddhAnta para vizvAsa lAveM, apane apane bhale bure kRtyoMkA phala bhugataneke liye sadA taiyAra raheM aura kisIko khuzAmada yA stuti karanese unakA phala Tala jAnA bilkula hI asaMbhava smjheN| aisA mAna lenepara hI manuSyoMko apane Upara pUrA bharosA hogA, ve apane pairoMpara khar3e hokara apane AcAraNoMko ThIka vanAnekA prayatna kareMge aura tabhI duniyAse saba pApa aura anyAya dUra ho skeNge| nahoM to, kisI prabandhakartAko mAnaneko avasthA meM hRdayameM aneka bhrama utpanna hote raheMge aura duniyAke loga pApoMkI tarapha hI bhukate raheMge / jaise, koI eka to yaha socegA ki yadi usa sarva

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siddhAnta 119 zaktimAna paramezvarako mujhase pApa karAnA maMjUra nahIM hotA to vaha mere manameM pApa karanekA vicAra hI kyoM Ane detA / dUsarA vicAregA ki yadi vaha mujhase isa prakArake pApa karAnA na cAhatA to vaha mujhe aisA banAtA hI kyoM ? tIsarA kahegA ki yadi yaha pApoMko na karAnA cAhatA to pApoMko paidA hI kyoM karatA / cauthA socegA ki aba to yaha pApa kara leM phira usa sarvazaktimAnakI khuzAmada karake use bheMTa car3hAkara aparAdha kSamA karA leMge / sArAMza yaha hai ki saMsArakA prabandhakartA mAnanekI avasthAmeM to logoMko pApa karaneke liye saikar3oM bahAne banAnekA avasara milatA hai, parantu vastu svabhAva ke anusAra hI saMsArakA saba kArya calatA huA mAnanekI avasthAmeM isake sivAya koI vicAra hI nahIM uTha sakatA ki jaisA kareMge vaisA hI hama usakA phala bhI pAveMge / aisA mAnanepara ho hama bure AcaraNoMse baca sakate haiM aura acche AcaraNAMkI ora laga sakate hai / ataH kisI prabandhakarttA kI khuzAmada karake yA bheMTa car3hAkara usako rAjI kara leneke bharose na rahakara hamako svayaM apane AcaraNoMko sudhAranekI ora hI dRSTi rakhanI cAhiye aura yahI zraddhAna rakhanA cAhiye ki yaha vizva anAdi-nidhana hai isakA koI eka buddhimAna prabandhakartA nahIM hai / 7. jainadRSTise Izvara 'Izvara' zabda ke sunate ho hameM jina arthoMkA bodha hotA hai ve haiM - aizvaryazAlI, vaibhavazAlI, sarvazaktimAn, svAmI, adhikArI, kartA hartA Adi / isa loka meM jo darjA eka svataMtra samrAdUkA hai vahI paralokameM Izvara yA paramezvarakA mAnA jAtA hai / jaise kisI rAjavaMzameM janma lenevAloMko samrATpada anAyAsa prApta ho jAtA hai, usake liye unheM kucha bhI prayatna nahIM karanA par3atA, vaise hI vaha Izvara bhI anAdikAlase saMsArake kAraNa kleza, karma, karmaphala aura vAsanAoMse sarvathA achUtA hai, unakA

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120 jainadharma vinAza kara denesaM use Izvaratvapada prApta nahIM huA hai, kintu sadAse hI unase vaha sarvathA rahita hai| isIliye vaha sabase bar3A hai, savakA guru hai, sabakA jJAtA hai / jo saMsArI jIva kleza karma Adiko naSTa karake mukta hote haiM, ve kabhI bhI usake barAbara nahIM ho sakate / usakA ezvarya avinAzI hai, kyoMki kAlake dvArA usakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| aise anAdi-ananta puruSavizaMpako Izvara kahA jAtA hai| kintu jainadharmameM isa prakArake Izvarake liye koI sthAna nahIM hai / usakA kahanA hai 'nAspRSTaH karmabhiH zazvad vizvadRzvAsti kazcana / tasyAnupAyamiddhasya sarvathApnupapattitaH ||8||'-aaptp0 / 'koI sarvadraSTA sadAse karmAsa achUnA ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki binA upAyake usakA siddha honA kisI bhI taraha nahIM bntaa|' asalameM Izvarako anAdi mAnaneke kAraNa use sadA karmose achUtA mAnA gayA hai aura cUMki vaha sRSTikA racayitA hai isaliye use anAdi mAnA gayA hai| kintu jainadharma kisIko isa vizvakA racayitA nahIM mAnatA, jaisA ki hama pahale banalA Aye haiM / ataH vaha kisI eka anAdisiddha paramAtmAkI sattAse iMkAra karatA hai| usake yahA~ yadi Izvara hai to vaha eka nahIM, balki asaMkhya haiM / arthAt jainadharmake anusAra itane Izvara haiM ki unakI ginatI nahIM ho sktii| unakI saMkhyA ananta hai aura Age bhI ve barAbara anantakAla taka hote raheMge; kyoMki jainasiddhAntake anusAra pratyeka AtmA apanI svataMtra sattAko liye hue mukta ho sakatA hai| Aja taka aise ananta AtmA mukta ho cuke haiM aura Age bhI hoNge| ye mukta jIva hI jainadharmake Izvara haiM / inhoMmeMse kucha muktAtmAoMko jinhoMne mukta honese pahale saMsArako muktikA mArga batalAyA thA, jainadharma tIrthakkara mAnatA hai|

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siddhAnta 121 1 jainadharmakA mantavya hai ki anAdikAlase karmabandhanase lipta honeke kAraNa jIva alpajJa ho rahA hai / jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoMke dvArA usake svAbhAvika jJAna Adi sadguNa DhaMke hue haiM / ina AvaraNoMke dUra honepara yaha jIva ananta jJAna AdikA adhikArI hotA hai arthAt sarvajJa ho jAtA hai / jo jo mahApuruSa karmabandhanako kATakara mukta hue haiM, ve saba sarvajJa haiM / karma jIvake svAbhAvika guNoMkA pUrNa vikAsa nahIM hone detA / usake dUra honepara pratyeka jIva apanI-apanI svAbhAvika zaktiyoMko prApta kara letA hai / matalaba yaha hai ki jIvoMkA karmabandhana tathA jIvoMkA maryAdita kintu hInAdhika jJAna isa bAtako batalAtA hai ki jIvoMkI mukti tathA unakI sarvajJatA asaMbhava vastu nahIM hai / tathA jo jo sarvajJa hotA hai vaha karmabandhanako kATakara hI sarvajJa hotA hai, usake binA koI sarvajJa ho nahIM sakatA / isaliye anAdi siddha koI nahIM haiM / I karmabandhanakA vizeSa varNana Age karmasiddhAnta meM kiyA gayA hai / cAra ghAtikarmAkA nAza karake yaha jIva sarvajJa ho jAtA hai / sarvajJakA dUsarA nAma kevalI bhI hai| kyoMki usakA jJAna aura darzana AtmAke sivA kisI anya sahAyakakI apekSA nahIM karatA, ataH vaha kevalI kahA jAtA hai / use jIvanmukta bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yadyapi abhI vaha sazarIra hai, kintu ghAtikarmoMke naSTa ho jAneke kAraNa muktAtmAke hI samAna hai / vaha cAra ghAtiyAkarmoMkA nAza kara detA hU~ isaliye use 'arihaMta' bhI kahate haiN| use hI 'jina' kahate haiM, kyoMki vaha karmarUpI zatruoMko jIta letA hai| ye kevalI jina do prakArake hote haiM - eka sAmAnya kevalI aura dUsare tIrthaGkara kevalI / sAmAnya kevalI apanI hI muktikI sAdhanA karate haiM, kintu tIrthakara kevalI apanI muktikI sAdhanAke bAda saMsArI jIvoMko bhI muktikA samasta duHkhoMse chUTanekA mArga batAte haiM / inake

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jainadharma 122 upadezase saMsArake aneka jIva tara jAte haiM isaliye ve tIrthasvarUpa gine jAte haiN| jaise brAhmaNadharma meM rAmacandrajI Adiko avatArarUpa mAnA jAtA hai yA bauddhadharmameM buddhakI mAnyatA hai vaise hI jainadharma meM tIrthaGkaroMkI mAnyatA hai / kintu ye tIrthaGkara kisI paramAtmAkA avatArarUpa nahIM hote, balki saMsArI jIvoMmeMse hI koI jIva prayatna karate-karate lokakalyANakI bhAvanAse tIrthaGkarapada prApta karatA hai| jaba koI tIrthaGkarapada prApta karanevAlA jIva mAtAke garbha meM AtA hai taba tIrthaGkarakI mAtAko solaha zubha svapna dikhAI dete haiN| tIrthaGkaroMke garbhAvataraNa, janmAbhiSeka, jinadIkSA, kevalajJAnaprApti aura nirvANa-prApti ye paJca mahAkalyANaka hote haiM, jinameM indrAdika bhI sammilita hote haiN| ina paJca mahAkalyANakarUpa pUjAke kAraNa tIrthaGkarako 'arhat" bhI kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaGkara anantadarzana, anantajJAna, anantasukha aura ananta vIryake dhArI hote haiN| ye sAkSAt bhagavAna yA Izvara hote haiN| jainasAhityameM inake aizvaryakA bahuta varNana milatA hai| ye janmase hI mati, zruta aura avadhi jJAnake dhArI hote haiN| janmase hI inakA zarIra apUrva kAntimAna hotA hai| inake nizvAsameM apUrva sugandhi rahatI hai| inake zarIrakA rakta aura mA~sa sapheda hotA hai| kevalajJAna prApta karaneke pazcAt arthAt arhan pada prApta kara lenepara unakA upadeza sunaneke liye pazupakSI taka inakI sabhAmeM upasthita hote haiN| isa sabhAko 'samava 1. 'sambhavataH isa 'arhat' nAma parase hindU purANakAroMne yaha kalpanA kara DAlI hai ki kisI 'arhat' nAmake rAjAne jainadharmako sthApanA kI thii| arhata kisIkA nAma nahIM hai balki jaina tIrthaMkaroMkA eka pada hai| isa padako prApta kara lenepara hI ve jIvanamukta hokara saMsArako kalyANakA mArga batalAte haiM vahI mArga unake 'jina' nAma parase jainadharma kahA jAtA hai|

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123 siddhAnta saraNa' kahate haiM, jisakA artha hotA hai 'samAnarUpase sabakA zaraNabhUta' arthAt jisakI zaraNameM saba Ate haiN| isa sabhAmeM bAraha prakoSTha hote haiM, jinameM eka prakoSTha pazuoMke liye bhI hotA hai| tIrthaGkarakI vANIko pazu bhI samajha lete haiN| jahA~ jahA~ inakA vihAra hotA hai vahA~ vahA~ roga, vaira, mahAmArI, ativRSTi, durmina, Adi raha nahIM skte| tIrthaGkara bhagavAnake padhAraneke sAtha hI dezameM sarvatra zAnti chA jAtI hai| kaivalyalAbha karaneke pazcAt ye apanA zeSa jIvana saMsArake prANiyoMkA uddhAra karanemeM hI vyatIta karate haiN| isIse jainoMke paramapavitra paJca namaskAra maMtrameM arihaMtako prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai Namo arihaMtANaM-arhantoMko namaskAra ho| jaba ina arhantoMkI Ayu thor3I zeSa raha jAtI hai taba ye yogakA nirodha karake bAkI bace cAra aghAtiyA karmoko bhI naSTa kara dete haiN| cAroM aghAtiyA karmoMkA bhI nAza honepara inheM muktikI prApti hotI hai| inakA zarIra yahIM chUTa jAtA hai aura apane svabhAvika jJAnAdi guNoMse yukta kevala zuddha AtmA raha jAtA hai, jo mukta honeke pazcAt svAbhAvika uddhvaMgamanake dvArA lokake Upara agrabhAgameM jAkara Thahara jAtA hai| mukta honeke pazcAt sAmAnya kevalI aura tIrthakara kevalImeM koI antara nahIM rahatA, donoMko eka hI prakArakI mukti prApta hotI hai| yadyapi saMsArameM sAmAnya kevalIkI apekSA tIrthaGkara kevalI adhika pUjanIya mAne jAte haiM, kyoMki tIrthaGkara kevalIse saMsArako bahuta lAbha pahu~catA hai, kintu mukta honepara donoMmeM isa tarahakA koI antara nahIM rhtaa| saMsAra avasthAmeM jo kucha antara thA vaha tIrthaGkara padake kAraNa thA / mukta honepara isa padase bhI mukti mila jAtI hai, ataH muktimeM sAmAnya kevalI aura tIrthaGkara kevalImeM koI bheda nahIM rhtaa| donoM mukta kahe jAte haiN| muktoMko jainasiddhAntameM 'siddha' bhI kahate haiN| yadyapi arhantoMse siddhoMkA pada U~cA hai; kyoMki arhanta karmabandhanase

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jainadharma sarvathA mukta nahIM hote aura siddha usase sarvathA mukta hote haiM tathApi siddhoMko arhantoMke bAda namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| yathA Namo siddhANaM-siddhoMko namaskAra ho| isa prakAra jainadRSTise arhantapada aura siddhapadako prApta hue jIva hI Izvara kahe jAte haiN| pratyeka jIvameM isa prakArake Izvara honekI zakti hai / parantu anAdikAlase karmabandhanake kAraNa vaha zakti DhakI huI hai| jo jIva isa karmabandhanako tor3a DAlatA hai usake ho Izvara honekI zaktiyA~ prakaTa ho jAtI haiM aura vaha Izvara bana jAtA hai| isa taraha Izvara kisI eka puruSavizeSakA nAma nahIM hai| kintu anAdikAlase jo ananta jIva arhanta aura siddhapadako prApta ho gaye haiM aura Age hoMge unhIMkA nAma Izvara hai| jainadharmake ye Izvara saMsArase koI sambandha nahIM rakhate / sRSTike saMcAlanameM unakA hAtha hai,na ve kisIkA bhalA burA karate haiN| na ve kisIke stutivAdase kabhI prasanna hote haiM aura na kisIke nindAvAdase aprasanna / na unake pAsa koI aisI sAMsArika vastu hai jise hama aizvarya yA vaibhavake nAmase pukAra sakeM, na ve kisIko usake aparAdhoMkA daNDa dete haiN| jainasiddhAntake anusAra sRSTi svayaMsiddha hai / jIva apane apane karmoke anusAra svayaM ho sukha duHkha pAte haiN| aisI avasthA meM muktAtmAoM aura arhantoMko ina saba jhaMjhaToMmeM par3aneko AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai; kyoMki ve kRtakRtya ho cuke haiM, unheM aba kucha karanA bAkI nahIM rahA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jainadharma meM IzvararUpameM mAne hue arhantoM aura muktAtmAoMkA usa Izvaratvase koI sambandha nahIM hai jise anya loga saMsArake kartA hartA IzvarameM kalpanA kiyA karate haiM / usa IzvaratvakI to jainadarzanake vividha granthoM meM bar3e joroMke sAtha AlocanA kI gaI hai| aura usa dRSTise jainadharmako anI

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siddhAnta 125 zvaravAdI kahA jA sakatA hai| usameM isa taraha ke Izvarake liye koI sthAna nahIM hai / 8. usakI upAsanA kyoM aura kaise ? jainoM meM mUrtipUjAkA pracalana bahuta prAcIna hai / samrAT khAravelake zilAlekha meM kaliGgapara car3hAI karake nandadvArA agrajina ( zrI RSabhadeva ) kI mUrtiko le jAnekA aura magadhapara car3hAI karake khAravelake dvArA use pratyAvartana karake lAnekA ullekha milatA hai / isase siddha hai ki Ajase lagabhaga ar3hAI hajAra varSa pUrva rAjagharAnoMtaka meM jainoMke prathama tIrthaGkara zrI RSabhadevakI mUrtikI pUjA hotI thI / svAmI dayAnanda to jaina se hI mUrtipUjAkA pracalana huA mAnate haiM / yoM to bhAratake prAyaH sabhI prAcIna dharmo meM mUrtipUjA pracalita hai, kintu jainamUrtike svarUpa, usakI pUjAvidhi tathA usake uddezya meM anyadharmo se bahuta antara hai| jo use samajha legA vaha mUrtipUjAko vyartha kahane kA sAhasa nahIM kara sakatA | jainadharma meM pA~ca pada bahuta pratiSThita mAne gaye haiM-arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu / inheM paMca parameSThI kahate haiM / jainoMke paramapavitra paMcanamaskAra maMtrameM inhoM paMcapadoMko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| ye hI pA~ca pada jainadharma meM vaMdanIya aura pUjanIya haiN| 1 jo cAra ghAtiyA karmoMko naSTa karake anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIryarUpa svacatuSTayako prApta karatA hai, una parama audArika zarIrameM sthita zuddha AtmAko arhanta kahate haiM, jinakA vizeSa varNana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| ye jIvanmukta hote haiN| jo AThoM karmoMsa aura zarIrase bhI rahita ho jAte haiM, lokAlokake jAnane aura dekhanevAle, siddhAlaya meM virAjamAna usa puruSAkAra AtmAko siddha kahate haiM / aura yaha mukta hote

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126 jainadharma haiM / jo sAdhu sAdhusaMghake pradhAna hote haiM, pA~ca prakArake AcArakA svayaM bhI pAlana karate haiM aura apane saMghake anya sAdhuoMse bhI pAlana karAte haiM, ve AcArya kahe jAte haiM / jo sAdhu samasta zAstroMke pAragAmI hote haiM, anya sAdhuoMko par3hAte haiM tathA sadA dharmakA upadeza karanemeM lage rahate haiM, unheM upAdhyAya kahate haiM / ___ jo viSayoMkI AzAke phandese nikalakara sadA jJAna, dhyAna aura tapameM lIna rahate haiM, jinake pAsa na kisI prakArakI pari. graha hotI hai aura na koI ThagavidyA, mokSakA sAdhana karanevAle una zAnta, nispRhI aura jitendriya muniko sAdhu kahate haiM / ___ ina pA~ca parameSThiyoMmeMse arhanta parameSThIko mUrti jainamandiroM meM bahutAyatase virAjamAna rahatI hai| yadyapi ve mUrtiyA~ jainoMke 24 tIrthaGkaroMmeMse kisI na kisI tIrthaGkarakI hI hotI haiM, kintu hotI arhanta avasthAkI hI haiM, kyoMki tIrthaGkara padakA vAstavika kArya dharmatIrtha pravartana hai, jo arhanta avasthAmeM hI hotA hai| tIrthakara bhI arhanta avasthAko prApta kiye binA pUrNa vItarAgI aura sarvajJa nahIM hote aura binA vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA ke dharmatIrthakA pravartana nahIM ho sakatA / ataH dharmatIrthake pravartaka jaina tIrthakaroMkI mUrtiyA~ jainamandiroMmeM bahutAyatase pAI jAtI haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ padmAsana bhI hotI hai aura khaDgAsana bhI hotI haiM, kintu hotI sabhI dhyAnastha haiN| eka AtmadhyAnameM lIna yogIkI jaisI AkRti hotI hai vaisI hI AkRti una mUrtiyoMkI hotI haiN| bhagavadgItAmeM yogAbhyAsIkA citraNa karate hue likhA hai samaM kAyazirogrIvaM dhArayannacalaM sthiraH / samprekSya nAsikAgraM svaM dizazcAnavalokayan // 13 // prazAntAtmA vigatabhI brahmacArivrate sthitaH / manaH saMyamya maccitto yukta AsIta matparaH // 14 // ' a0 6 / bhAvArtha-zarIra, sira aura gardanako sIdhA rakhakara, nizcala

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siddhAnta 127 ho, idhara udhara na dekhate hue, sthira manase apanI nAkake agrabhAgapara dRSTi rakhakara prazAnta AtmA, nirbhaya ho, brahmacarya vratameM sthita hokara tathA manako vazameM karake meremeM manako lagA / jainamUrti kI bhI bilkula aisI hI mudrA hotI hai| usakI dRSTi nAkake agra bhAgapara rahatI hai | zarIra, sira aura gardana eka sodhameM rahate haiN| padmAsanameM bAI hathelIke Upara dAIM hathelI khulI hotI hai aura khaDgAsanameM donoM hAtha jAnutaka laTake rahate haiN| ceharepara zAnti, nirbhayatA aura nirvikAratA khelatI rahatI hai | zarIrapara vikArako DhAkaneke liye na koI AvaraNa hotA hai aura na sauMdaryako camakAneke liye koI AbharaNa rahatA hai / na hAthameM koI astra-zastra ho hotA hai / bhagavatgotAmeM kahI huI jisa yogamudrAse yogI nirvANa lAbha karate haiM, vahI mudrA jainamUrtimeM aMkita rahatI hai| dekhanevAleko yahI pratIta hotA hai ki vaha kisI prazAntAtmA yogIkI mUrtikA darzana kara rahA hai / na vahA~ rAga hai aura na vaira-virodha / siddhoMkI bhI mUrti rahatI hai, kintu cU~ki siddha parameSThI deharahita hote haiM, isaliye pItalakI cAdarake bIca meMse manuSyAkArako kATakara manuSyAkArarUpa khAlI sthAna chor3a diyA jAtA hai / AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhukI bhI mUrtiyA~ kahIM kahIM pAI jAtI haiN| inakI mUrtiyoMmeM sAdhuke cihna pIchI aura kamaNDalu aMkita rahate haiM / sArAMza yaha hai ki jainamUrti jainoMke ArAdhya pacaparameSThiyoMkI pratikRtirUpa hotI haiM / jinamandira meM jAkara devadarzana karanA pratyeka jaina zrAvaka aura zrAvikAkA nitya kartavya hai / vahA~ vaha yaha vicAratA hai ki yaha mandira jina bhagavAnakA samavasaraNa - upadezasabhA hai, vedImeM virAjamAna jinakI mUrti hI jinendradeva hai, aura mandirameM upasthita strI puruSa hI zrotAgaNa haiN| aisA vicAra karake acchI-acchI stutiyA~ par3hate hue jina bhagavAnko namaskAra karake tIna pradakSiNA detA hai| aura yadi pUjana karanA hotA hai

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128 jainadharma to pUjA bhI karatA hai| pUjAmeM sabase pahale jalase mUrtiyoMkA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA hai| kahIM kahIM dUdha, dahI, ghI, ikSurasa aura sarvopadhI rasase bhI abhiSeka karanekI paddhati hai| abhiSekake pazcAt pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha pUjana jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa aura phala ina ATha dravyoMse kiyA jAtA hai / eka eka padya bolate jAte haiM aura nambaravAra eka eka dravya car3hAte jAte haiM / dravya car3hAte samaya dravya car3hAnekA uddezya bolakara dravya car3hAte haiN| yathA- maiM janma, jarA aura mRtyuke vinAzake liye jala car3hAtA hU~ / arthAt jaise jalase gandagI dUra ho jAtI hai vaise hI mere pIche lage hue ye roga dhulakara dUra ho jAveM / maiM saMsArarUpI santApakI zAntike liye candana car3hAtA | 2 | maiM akSaya pada (mokSa) kI prAptike liye akSata car3hAtA hU~ | 3 | maiM kAmake vikArako dUra karaneke liye puSpa car3hAtA hU~ / 4 / maiM kSudhArUpI rogako dUra karaneke liye naivedya car3hAtA hU~ / 5 / maiM ajJAnarUpI andhakArako dUra karaneke liye dIpa car3hAtA hU~ / 6 / maiM AThoM karmoMko jalAneke liye dhUpa car3hAtA hU~ / 7 / yaha dhUpa agnimeM caDhAI jAtI hai| maiM mokSaphalakI prAptike liye phala car3hAtA hU~ / 8 / eka eka karake AThoM dravya car3hAneke bAda AThoM dravyoMko milAkara car3hAyA jAtA hai use 'arghya' kahate haiM / yaha bhI anargha arthAt amUlyapadakI prAptike uddezyase car3hAyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra pUjAkA uddezya bhI apane vikAroM aura vikAroMke kAraNoMko dUra karake carama lakSya mokSakI prAmi hI rakhA gayA hai / pUjAke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- dravyapUjA aura bhAvapUjA / zarIra aura vacanako pUjanameM lagAnA dravyapUjA hai aura usameM manako lagAnA bhAvapUjA hai| zarIrako lagAneke liye dravya rakhe gaye haiM, jisase hAtha vagairahakA upayoga unake car3hAne meM hI hotA rahatA hai| aura vacanako usameM lagAneke liye padya rakhe gaye haiN| jinheM par3ha par3ha karake dravya car3hAyA jAtA hai / isa taraha manuSyakA

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siddhAnta 126 zarIra aura vacana pUjanameM rahanepara bhI yadi usakA mana usameM na rama rahA ho to vaha pUjana bekAra hI hai kyoMki binA bhAvake koI kriyA phaladAyaka nahIM hotii| jaisA ki kalyANamandirastotrameM kahA bhI hai'ANito'pi mahito'pi nirIkSato'pi nUnaM na cetasi mayA vidhRto'si bhaktyA / jAto'smi tena janavAndhava! duHkhapAtraM / ___yasmAt kriyAH pratiphalanti na bhAvazUnyAH // 38 // ' 'he janabandhu ! tumhArA upadeza sunakara bhI, tumhArI pUjA karake bhI aura tumheM vArambAra dekhakara bhI avazya hI maiMne bhaktipUrvaka tumheM apane hRdayameM sthApita nahIM kiyaa| isIse maiM duHkhoMkA pAtra banA; kyoMki bhAvazUnya kriyA kabhI bhI phaladAyI nahIM hotii|' ataH dravya pUjAke sAtha-zArIrika aura vAcanika pUjAke sAtha sAtha-bhAvapUjAkA-mAnasika pUjAkA honA Avazyaka hai| kintu bhAvapUjA Upara kahe gaye ATha dravyoMke binA bhI ho sakatI hai / dravya to mana, vacana aura kAyako lagAneke liye eka AlambanamAtra hai| isa prakAra jainamUrtikA svarUpa aura usakI pUjAvidhi batalAkara usake uddezyapara eka dRSTi DAlanA Avazyaka hai| jainadharmameM batalAyA hai ki duniyAmeM pratyeka vastukA cAra rUpase vyavahAra hotA dekhA jAtA hai-eka nAmarUpase, dUsare sthApanArUpase, tIsare dravyarUpase aura cauthe bhAvarUpase / udAharaNake liye hama rAjAko lete haiN| rAjA zabdakA vyavahAra cAra rUpase dekhA jAtA hai| eka to bahutase loga apane baccoMkA rAjA nAma rakha lete haiN| ve bacce nAmase rAjA kahalAte haiN| dUsare, rAjAke abhAvameM rAjakArya calAneke liye kisIko usakA pratinidhi mAnakara rAjAkI hI taraha usakA Adara

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130 jainadharma satkAra hotA dekhA jAtA hai / jaise, bhAratake vAyasarAya rAjAke pratinidhike rUpameM rAjAkI hI taraha mAne jAte the / yaha sthApanAkI apekSA rAjA kahe jAte the / arthAt ve vAstava meM rAjA nahIM the kintu sthAnApanna the| tIsare, jo rAjaputra Age rAjA hone vAlA hai yA jo rAjA gaddIse utAra diyA gayA hai| unheM bhI rAjA sAhaba kahate hue dekhA jAtA hai / ve dravyakI apekSA rAjA kahe jAte haiN| cauthe, rAjyAsanapara virAjamAna vAstavika rAjA to rAjA hai hI / vaha bhAvakI apekSA rAjA hai / isI taraha tIrthakara bhagavAnakA bhI cAra rUpasaM vyavahAra hotA hai / jaba koI tIrthaGkara mokSa calA jAtA hai to unakI mUrtiyA~ banavAkara aura unameM usa tIrthaGkarakI sthApanA karake usakA usI taraha se Adara satkAra Adi kiyA jAtA hai jisa taraha vAstavika tIrthaGkarakA Adara satkAra hotA thA / koI bhI pApANa yA dhAtukI banI huI una mUrtiyoMko hI tIrthaGkara paramAtmA nahIM mAnatA, kintu hamAre tIrthaGkara isI prakAra ke prazAntAtmA, vItarAgI tathA jitendriya yogI hote the, pUjaka aura darzakakA yahI bhAva rahatA hai / vaha mUrtike dvArA mUrtimAnakI upAsanA karatA hai / mUrtiko dekhate hI use mUrtimAnakA smaraNa ho AtA hai, aura smaraNa Ate hI unake punIta jIvanako eka jhalaka usakI dRSTi meM ghUma jAtI hai / jo loga mUrti pUjAke virodhI haiM unheM bhI hama apane dharmagranthoMkA Adara satkAra karate hue pAte haiM / vAstava meM ve dharmagrantha kAgaja aura syAhIse bane hue haiM / kintu kAgaja aura syAhIkA koI Adara nahIM karatA, balki una kAgajoM ke Upara manuSyake hAthase banAye gaye akSaroMmeM jo usa mahApuruSakA jJAna aMkita hai usakA Adara kiyA jAtA hai / ataH jisa prakAra IzvarIya jJAnake smaraNake liye manuSya apane hAthoMse kAgajapara akSaroMkI mUrtiyA~ banAkara unakI vinaya karatA hai, usI prakAra IzvarIya rUpako smaraNa karaneke liye kalAkAra mUrtikI pratiSThA

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siddhAnta 131 karatA hai / jaise kAgajoMke Upara aMkita akSaroMke par3hanese Izva rIya jJAnakA bodha hotA hai vaise hI mUrtike dvArA IzvarIya svarUpakA bodha hotA hai| yadyapi akSara bhI mUrti hai aura mUrti bhI mUrti hai, kintu akSaroMse to par3hA likhA vyakti hI jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai parantu mUrtiko dekhakara bepar3hA likhA manuSya bhI jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai / yadi koI nAsamajha mUrtise galata zikSA le letA hai isaliye mUrti bekAra hai to koI-koI nAsamajha dharmagranthoM ko bhI galata samajha lete haiM, kintu isIse unheM vyartha to nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jaise kAgajoMpara aMkita deza videzake nakazoMpara aMguli rakhakara zikSaka vidyArthiyoMko batalAtA hai ki yaha rUsa hai, yaha hindusthAna hai, yaha amerikA hai Adi / samajhadAra vidyArthI jAnate haiM ki jahA~ zikSakane aMguli rakhI hai vahI rUsa, amerikA nahIM hai kintu usa nakazeke dvArA use hameM unakA bodha karAyA jA rahA hai| vaise ho hama bhI mUrtiko asalI paramezvara nahIM mAnate, kintu usake dvArA hameM usa paramezvarake svarUpako samajhane meM madada milatI hai| ataH mUrti vyartha nahIM hai / yahA~ hama eka jaina stutikA bhAva aMkita karate haiM, jisase mUrtipUjAke uddezyapara tathA pUjakakI bhAvanApara prakAza par3atA hai 'saba padArthoMke jJAtA hote hue bhI apane Atmika AnandameM magna ve jinendra sadA jayavanta hoM jo cAroM ghAtiyA karmoMse rahita ho cuke haiM / ' 'he vItarAga vijJAnake bhaNDAra ! tumhArI jaya ho / he moharUpI andhakArako dUra karanevAle sUrya ! tumhArI jaya ho ! he anantAnantajJAnake dhAraka tathA anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIryase suzobhita ! tumhArI jaya ho / bhavya jIvoMko svAnubhava karAnemeM kAraNa paramazAnta mudrAke dhAraka ! tumhArI jaya ho / he deva ! bhavyajIvoMke bhAgyodayase ApakA dinya

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132 jainadharma upadeza hotA hai, jise sunakara unakA bhrama dUra ho jAtA hai| he deva ! tumhAre guNoMkA cintana karanese apane parAyekA bheda mAlUma ho jAtA hai / arthAt tumhAre Atmika guNoMkA vicAra karanese maiM yaha jAna jAtA hU~ ki AtmA aura zarIrameM tathA zarIrase sambandha rakhanevAle kuTumbI jana dhana-sampatti AdimeM kitanA antara hai; kyoMki tumhArI AtmAmeM jo guNa haiM vaise hI guNa merI AtmAmeM bhI maujUda haiM magara maiM unheM bhUlA huA huuN| ataH tumhAre guNoMkA cintana karanese mujhe apane guNoMkA bhAna ho jAtA hai aura usase maiM 'sva' aura 'para' pahacAnane lagatA hU~, jisase maiM aneka ApadAoMse-musIbatoMse baca jAtA huuN| he deva ! tuma saMsArake bhUSaNa ho; kyoMki tuma saba dUSaNoM aura saMkalpa vikalpoMse mukta ho| tuma zuddha caitanyasvarUpa paramapAvana paramAtmA ho| tumane zubha aura azubharUpa vibhAva pariNatikA abhAva kara diyA hai / he dhIra ! tuma aThAraha doSoMse rahita ho aura apane anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIryarUpa svacatuSTayameM virAjamAna ho| muni gaNapati vagairaha tumhArI sevA karate haiN| tuma nau kevala labdhirUpI AdhyAtmika lakSmIse suzobhita ho / tumhAre upadezoMpara calakara agaNita jIvoMne muktilAma kiyA hai, karate haiM tathA sadA kreNge| 'yaha bhavarUpI samudra duHkharUpI khAre pAnIse pUrNa hai, ise pAra karAnemeM Apake sivA aura koI samartha nahIM hai|, yaha dekhakara aura 'mere duHkharUpI roga dUra karanekA ilAja tumhAre hI pAsa hai' yaha jAnakara maiM tumhArI zaraNameM AyA hU~ aura cirakAlase maiMne jo duHkha uThAye haiM unheM batalAtA huuN| maiM apaneko bhUlakara cirakAlase isa saMsArameM bhaTaka rahA hU~, maiMne vidhike khela, puNya aura pApako hI apanA samajhA aura apaneko parakA kartA mAnakara tathA parameM iSTa yA aniSTakI kalpanA karake ajJAnavaza maiM vyAkula huA hU~ jaise mRga mArIcikAko pAnI samajha letA hai vaise hI maiMne zarIrako

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siddhAnta 133 hI AtmA mAnA aura kabhI bhI AtmarasakA anubhava nahIM kiyaa| __ 'he jineza ! tumako na jAnakara maiMne jo kleza uThAye unheM tuma jAnate ho| pazugati, narakagati aura manuSyagatimeM janma le lekara maiM anantabAra mraa| aba kAlalabdhike A jAnesemuktilAbhakA kAla samIpa A jAnese tumhAre darzana pAkara maiM bar3A prasanna huA huuN| merA mana zAnta ho gayA hai| mere saba dvandva phanda miTa gaye haiM aura maiMne duHkhoMkA nAza karanevAle AtmarasakA svAda cakha liyA hai / he nAtha ! aba aisA karo ki tumhAre caraNoMkA sAtha kabhI na chUTe / (aura isake liye ) AtmAkA ahita karanevAle pA~coM indriyoMke viSayoMmeM aura krodhAdi kapAyoMmeM merA mana kabhI na rame / maiM apane ApameM hI magna rahU~ / bhagavan ! aisA karo jisase maiM svAdhIna ho jAU~ / he Iza ! mujhe aura kucha cAha nahIM hai, mujhe to samyagdarzana samyarajJAna aura samyakacAritrarUpI ratnatraya caahiye| mere kArya ke kAraNa Apa haiN| merA moharUpI saMtApa harakara merA kArya kro| jaise candramA svayaM ho zAnti bhI detA hai aura andhakArako bhI haratA hai, vaise hI kalyANa karanA tumhArA svabhAva hI hai| jaise amRtake pInese roga calA jAtA hai vaise hI tumhArA anubhavana karanese saMsArarUpI roga naSTa ho jAtA hai| tInoM lokoM aura tInoM kAloMmeM tumhAre sivA anya koI Atmika sukhakA dAtA nahIM hai / Aja mere manameM yaha nizcaya ho gayA hai| tuma duHkhoMke samudrase pAra utAraneke liye jahAjake samAna ho| __isa stutise yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mUrti manuSyake caMcala cittako lagAneke liye eka Alambana hai| usa Alambanako pAkara manuSyakA caMcala citta kSaNa bharake liye una mahApuruSoMke guNAnuvAdameM rama jAtA hai, jo kisI samaya hamArI hI taraha saMsArameM bhaTaka rahe the| kintu unhoMne svayaM apane pairoMpara khar3e hokara apaneko pahacAnA aura AtmalAbha karake duniyAke

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134 jainadharma kalyANakI bhAvanAse usa mArgako batalAyA jisapara calakara unhoMne svayaM muktilAbha kiyaa| unake guNAnuvAdakA prayojana unheM rijhAnA yA pramanna karanA nahIM hai| ve to rAga-dvepakI isa ghATIse bahuta dUra haiM / na ve kisIkI stunise prasanna hote haiM aura na nindAse nArAja / kintu unake guNoMkA kIrtana karanese hameM apane guNoMkA bodha honA hai, kyoMki jo guNa unameM haiM vahI hamameM bhI haiM. kintu hama apaneko bhUla hue haiN| ataH unakA guNAnuvAda hameM apanI smRti karAkara vura kAmoMse bacAtA hai / kahA bhI hai na pUjayArthastvayi vItarAge na nindayA nAtha vivAntavare / tathApi tava puNyaguNasmRtinaH punAtu cittaM duritAJjanebhyaH / / 57 / / ' -bRhatsvayaM0 artha he nAtha ! tuma vItarAga ho isaliye tumheM apanI pUjAsa koI prayojana nahIM hai / aura cUMki tuma vItadvepa ho isaliye nindAse bhI koI prayojana nahIM hai / phira bhI tumhAre puNya guNoMkI smRti hamAre cittako pApampI kAlimAse bacAtI hai| ___ataH mUrtipUjAkA uddezya mUrtimeM aMkita bhAvoMko apane meM lAkara jisakI vaha mUrti hai usake hI samAna apaneko banAnA hai| arthAt jo jaisA honA cAhatA hai vaha apane sAmane vaisA hI Adarza rakhatA hai| jainadharmakA uddezya AtmAko samasta karmavandhanoMse chur3Akara usake asalI svarUpakI prAni karAnA hai jise vaha bhUlA huA hai / ataH usakA Adarza ve punIna AtmAe~ haiM, jinhoMne apaneko vaisA banA liyA hai| unhoM AdIkI mUrti sthApanA karake saccA jaina apaneko vaisA hI banAnekA prayatna karatA hai| - pratyeka jainamandira meM zAstrabhaMDAra bhI rahatA hai, jisameM janazAstroMkA saMgraha hotA hai / jo darzana yA pUjanake liye jAnA hai use darzana yA pUjana kara cukaneke bAda zAstrasvAdhyAya bhI avazya karanI hotI hai| kyoMki una zAstroMko jAne binA darzaka

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siddhAnta 135 yA pUjaka una jaina tIrthaGkaroMke upadezoM aura unake jIvanavRttoMko nahIM jAna sakatA jinakI mUrtiko vaha pUjatA hai| aura unake jAne binA mRrtise use jisa AdarzakI zikSA milanI hai usa Adarzako vaha prApta nahIM kara sktaa| kyoMki mUrti to manuSyake una AdarzakI ora saMkenamAtra karatI hai, kevala vahI use ucca Adarza prApta nahIM karA sktii| jaise, jaba bAlaka varNamAlA sIkhatA hai to usakA hAtha sAdhanaka liye paTTIpara paMsilase varNamAlAke A~vaTe likha diye jAte haiM / baccA una A~vaToMpara hI apanI kalama calAtA hai| jabataka usakA hAtha nahIM sadhatA aura vaha isa yogya nahIM ho jAtA ki vinA AMvaToMke bhI svayaM akSara likha sake, tabataka usa vAvara AMvaToMkA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| kintu jaba usakA hAtha sadha jAtA hai taba AMvaToMkI jarUrata nahIM rahatI aura vaha binA kisI sahArake svayaM likhane laga jAtA hai| usI taraha mRtike sAhAyyakI bhI tabhI taka jarUrata rahatI hai jaba taka dAnakA dRSTikoNa apane AdarzakI ora pUrI narahasa nahIM honA / jaba dAka apane Adarza kI ora agrasara hokara usIkI mAdhanAmeM laga jAnA hai. aura isa taraha usa pathakA sAdhaka bana jAnA hai taba usake liye mUnikA darzana karanA Avazyaka nahIM rahatA / ____ataH jainAMkI mUrtipUjA usa AdarzakI pUjA hai jo prANimAtrakA sarvocca lakSa hai / usake dvArA pRjakako apane AdarzakA bhAna hotA hai, use vaha bhulA nahIM sktaa| pratidina prAtaHkAla anya saba kArya karanese pahale mandira meM jAnA inIliye anivArya rakhA gayA hai ki manuSya artha aura kAmakaM pacar3ameM par3akara apane usa sarvocca lakSako bhUla na jAye / tathA jina mahApuruSAMne usa sarvocca lakSako prApta kara liyA hai unakA guNAnuvAda karake unake prati apanI zraddhAJjali arpita kara sake aura jhAnti tathA virAgatAke usa darpaNameM apanI kalupita AtmAkA prativimba dekhakara usake parimArjana karanekA prayatna kara sake /

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jainadharma aise sarvocca lakSakA bhAna karAneke liye nirmita jaina-mandiroM ke bAremeM jaba hama eka purAnI ukti sunate haiM 'hastinA tADaghamAno'pi na gacched jainamandiram' arthAt-'hAthIke dvArA mAre jAnepara bhI jaina mandirameM nahIM jAnA cAhiye / ' to hameM bar3A acaraja hotA hai| tatkAlIna mAmpradAyika manovRttike sivA isakA koI dUsarA kAraNa hamAre dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| astu, hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki jainamUrti nirAvaraNa aura nirAbharaNa hotI hai / jo loga savastra aura sAlaGkAra mUrtiko upAsanA karate haiM unheM zAyada nagnamUrti azlIla pratIta hotI hai / isa sambandhameM hama apanI orase kucha na likhakara suprasiddha sAhityika kAkA kAlelakarake ve udgAra yahA~ aMkita karate haiM jo unhoMne zravaNavelagolA (maisUra ) meM sthita bAhubalikI prazAnta kintu nagnamUrtiko dekhakara apane eka lekhameM vyakta kiye the / ve likhate haiM 'sAMsArika ziSTAcArameM Asakta hama isa mUrtiko dekhate hI manameM vicAra karate haiM ki yaha mUrti nagna hai| hama manameM aura samAjameM bhA~ti bhA~tikI mailI vastuoMkA saMgraha karate haiM, parantu hameM usase nahIM hotI hai ghRNA aura nahIM AtI hai lajjA / parantu nagnatA dekhakara ghabarAte haiM aura nagnatAmeM azlIlatAkA anubhava karate haiM / isameM sadAcArakA droha hai aura yaha lajjAspada hai| apanI nagnatAko chipAneke liye logoMne AtmahatyA bhI kI hai| parantu kyA nagnatA vastutaH abhadra hai ? vAstavameM zrIvihIna hai ? aisA hotA to prakRtiko bhI isakI lajjA aatii| puSpa nagna rahate haiM, pazu pakSI nagna hI rahate haiN| prakRtike sAtha jinhoMne ekatA nahIM khoI hai aise bAlaka bhI nagna hI ghUmate haiM / unako isakI zarama nahIM AtI aura unakI nirvyAjatAke kAraNa hameM bhI isameM lajjA jaisA kucha pratIta nahIM hotaa| lajjAkI bAta

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siddhAnta 137 jAne deN| isameM kisI prakArakA azlIla, vIbhatsa, jugupsita, vizrI, arocaka hameM lagA hai, aisA kisI bhI manuSyako anubhava nahIM / isakA kAraNa kyA ? kAraNa yahI ki nagnatA prakRtika sthiti ke sAtha svabhAvazudA hai| manuSyane vikRta dhyAna karake apane manake vikAroM ko itanA adhika bar3hAyA hai aura unheM ulTe rAstekI ora pravRtta kiyA hai ki svabhAvasundara nagnatA use sahana nahIM hotI / doSa nagnatAkA nahIM para apane kRtrima jIvanakA hai| bImAra manuSyake samakSa paripakva phala, pauSTika mevA aura sAtvika AhAra bhI svataMtratApUrvaka rakha nahIM skte| yaha doSa una khAdya padArthoMkA nahIM para manuSyake mAnasika rogakA hai / nagnatA chipAne meM nagnatAkI lajjA nahIM, para isake mUlameM vikArI purupake prati dayAbhAva hai, rakSaNavRtti hai / para jaise bAlakake sAmane narAdhama bhI saumya aura nirmala bana jAtA hai. vaise hI puNyapuruSoMke sAmane, vItarAga vibhUtiyoMke samakSa bhI ve zAnta ho jAte haiM / jahA~ bhavyatA hai, divyatA hai, vahA~ bhI manuSya parAjita hokara vizuddha hotA hai| mUrtikAra socate to mAdhavIlatAkI eka zAkhA jaMghAke Uparase le jAkara kamaraparyanta le jAte / isa prakAra nagnatA chipAnI azakya nahIM thI / para phira to unheM sArI filosophIkI hatyA karanI par3atI / bAlaka Apake samakSa nagna khar3e rahate haiM / usa samaya ve kAtyAyanI vrata karatI huI mUrtiyoMke samAna apane hAthoM dvArA apanI nagnatA nahIM chipAte / unakI lajjAhInatA unakI nagnatAko pavitra karatI hai / unake liye dUsarA AvaraNa kisa kAmakA hai?" "jaba maiM ( kAkA sA0 ) kArakalake pAsa gomaTezvarakI mUrti dekhane gayA, usa samaya hama strI, puruSa, bAlaka aura vRddha aneka the / hamameM se kisIko bhI isa mUrtikA darzana karate samaya saMkoca jaisA kucha bhI mAlUma nahIM huA / asvAbhAvika pratIta honekA prazna hI nahIM thA / maiMne aneka nagna mUrtiyA~ dekhI haiM

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138 jainadharma aura mana vikArI honeke badale ulTA ina darzanoMke kAraNa hI nirvikArI honekA anubhava karatA hai| maiMne aisI bhI mUrtiyA~ tathA citra dekhe haiM ki jo vastrAbhUSaNase AcchAdita honepara bhI kevala vikArapreraka aura unmAdaka jaisI pratIta huI haiM / kevala eka aupacArika laMgoTa pahananevAle nagna sAdhu apane samakSa vairAgyakA vAtAvaraNa upasthita karate haiN| isake viparIta sira se paira paryanta vastrAbhUSaNoMse lade hue vyakti AMkhake eka iMgita mAtra athavA apane nakhare ke thor3ase izArese manuSyako asvastha kara dete haiM, nIce girA dete haiM / ataH hamArI nagnatAviSayaka dRSTi aura hamArA vikAroMkI ora jhukAva donoM bar3halane caahiyeN| hama vikAroMkA poSaNa karate jAte haiM aura viveka rakhanA cAhate haiN|" kAkA sAhabake ina udgAroMke bAda nagnatAke sambandhameM kucha kahanA zeSa nahIM rahatA / ataH jainamUrtiyoMkI nagnatAko lekara jainadharmake sambandhameM jo aneka prakArake apavAda phailAye gaye haiM ve saba sAmpradAyika pradvepajanya galataphahamIke hI pariNAma haiN| jainadharma vItarAgatAkA upAsaka hai / jahA~ vikAra hai, rAga hai, kAmukapravRtti hai, vahIM nagnatAko chipAne kI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai / nirvikArakake liye usakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isI bhAva se jainamUrtiyA~ nagna hotI haiN| unake mukhapara saumyatA aura virAgatA rahatI hai| unake darzanase vikAra bhAgatA hai na ki utpanna hotA hai| ataH jainamandiroMmeM na jAnekI janazruti bhI eka mithyA pravAda haiM / jainamandira zAnti aura bhavyatAke pratIka hote haiM / unameM manuSyakA mana pavitra hotA hai| nirvikAra mUrti tattvajJAnase paripUrNa prAcIna zAstra aura upayogI citrakArI yahI vahA~kI pradhAna vastue~ haiM, jinake darzana aura adhyayanase manuSya ke manako zAnti milatI hai /

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siddhAnta 139 1. sAta tatva yadyapi dravya chai haiM tathApi dharmakA sambandha kevala eka jIvadravyase hI hai, kyoMki usIko duHkhoMse chur3Akara uttama sukha prApta karAneke liye hI dharmakA upadeza diyA gayA hai| aura duHkhoMkA mUlakAraNa usI jIvake dvArA bA~dhe gaye karma haiM, jo ki ajIva aura ajIvoM meM bhI paudgalika haiN| ataH jaba dharmakA lakSya jIvako saba duHkhoMse chur3Akara uttama sukha prApta karAnA hai aura duHkhoMkA mUlakAraNa jIvake dvArA bA~dhe gaye karma hI haiM to duHkhAMse chUTaneke liye nimna bAtoMkI jAnakArI Avazyaka hai 1-usa vastukA kyA svarUpa hai, jisako chuTakArA dilAnA hai ? ____2-karmakA kyA svarUpa hai ? kyoMki jaise gvarNakArako mvarNa aura usameM mile hue dravyakI ThIka ThIka pahacAna honA Avazyaka hai vaise hI eka Atmazodhakako bhI AtmA aura usake mAtha mile hue paradravyakI pahacAna honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki usake binA vaha AtmAkA zodhana hI nahIM kara sktaa| 3-baha ajIva karma jIva taka kaise pahuMcanA hai ? 4-aura pahu~ca kara kaise jIvake mAtha ba~dha jAtA hai ? isa prakAra jIva aura karmakA mvarUpa aura karmAkA jIvanaka Agamana aura vandhanakA jJAna ho jAnese maMmAraka kAraNAMkA pUrA jJAna ho jAtA hai / aba usase chuTakArA pAne ke liye kucha vAne jAnanA Avazyaka haiM 5-navIna karmavandhako rokanekA kyA upAya hai ? 6-purAne ba~dha hue karmAko kaise naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? 7-ina upAyoMse jo mukti prApta hogI vaha kyA vasnu hai ? ina sAna bAtoMkA jJAna honA pratyeka mumukSaka liye Avazyaka hai, inhIMko sAta tattva kahate haiN| podgalika karmIka saMyogase hI yaha jIva bandhanameM hai aura saba prakArake kaSTa bhogatA hai / isa

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140 jainadharma sambandhakA anta kisa prakAra kiyA jAye yaha eka samasyA hai, jise pratyeka mumukSuko hala karanA hai| dharma hI vaha vijJAna hai jisake dvArA ukta samasyAko hala kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usI ke hala karaneke liye ukta sAta bAteM batalAI gaI haiN| ye sAta vAteM hI aisI haiM jinakI zraddhA aura jJAnapara hamArA yogakSema nirbhara hai / isIliye inheM tattva-saMjJA dI gaI hai| tattva yAnI sArabhUta padArtha ye hI haiM / jo vyakti inako nahIM jAnatA,sambhava hai vaha bahuta jJAna rakhatA ho, kintu yathArthameM upayogI bAtoMkA jJAna use nahIM hai| ___ ukta sAta tattvoMkA nAma hai-jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa / inameMse jIva aura ajIva do mUlabhUta tattva haiM, jinase yaha vizva nirmita hai / ina donoM tattvoMkA varNana pahale kara Aye hai / tIsarA tattva Asrava hai, jo jIvameM karmamalake Aneko sUcita karatA hai| vAstavameM jIva aura karmo kA bandha tabhI sambhava hai jaba jIvameM karma-pudgaloMkA Agamana ho / ataH karmoke Aneke dvArako Asrava kahate haiN| vaha dvAra, jisake dvArA jIvameM sarvadA karmapudgaloMkA Agamana hotA hai jIvakI hI eka zakti hai, jise yoga kahate haiN| vaha zakti zarIradhArI jIvoMkI mAnasika, vAcanika aura kAyika kriyAoMkA sahArA pAkara jIvakI ora karmapudgaloMko AkRSTa karatI hai| arthAt hama manake dvArA jo kucha socate haiM, vacanake dvArA jo kucha bolate haiM aura zarIrake dvArA jo kucha halanacalana karate haiM vaha saba hamArI ora karmoke AnemeM kAraNa hotA hai / isaliye tattvArthasUtrameM kahA hai ki mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAko yoga kahate haiM aura vaha yoga hI AsravakA kAraNa honese Asrava kahA jAtA hai / ataH Asrava tattva yaha batalAtA hai ki ki jIvameM karmapudgaloMkA Agamana kisa prakArase hotA hai ? cauthA bandha tattva hai| jIva aura karmake parasparameM mila jAneko bandha kahate haiM / yaha bandha yadyapi saMyogapUrvaka hotA hai

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siddhAnta 141 kintu saMyogase eka judI vastu hai| saMyoga to meja aura usapara rakkhI huI pustakakA bhI hai, kintu use bandha nahIM kaha sakate / bandha to eka aisA mizraNa ( milAva ) hai jisameM rAsAyanika ( Chemical ) parivartana hotA hai| usameM milanevAlI do vastue~ apanI asalI hAlatako chor3akara eka tIsarI hAlatameM ho jAtI haiM / jaise dUdha aura pAnIko ApasameM milA diye jAnepara na dUdha apanI asalI hAlatameM rahatA hai aura na pAnI apanI asalI hAlata meM rahatA hai, kintu dUdhameM panIlApana A jAtA hai aura pAnI dUdha sA ho jAtA hai| donoM donoMpara prabhAva DAlate haiM / isI taraha jIva aura karmakA paraspara meM sambandha ho jAnepara na jIva hI apanI asalI hAlatameM rahatA hai aura na pudgala ho apanI asalI hAlata meM rahate haiM / donoM donoMse prabhAvita hote haiM / yahI bandha hai / isakA vizeSa vivecana Age karmasiddhAntameM kiyA gayA hai / Asrava aura bandha ye donoM saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM / pA~cavA tattva saMvara hai| Asravake rokaneko saMvara kahate hai| arthAt naye karmoMkA jIvameM na AnA hI saMvara hai / yadi naye karmoM ke Agamanako na rokA jAye to jIvako kabhI bhI karmabandhanase chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA / ataH saMvara pA~cavA tattva hai| chaThA tattva nirjarA hai| ba~dhe hue karmoMke thor3A-thor3A karake jIvase alaga honeko nirjarA kahate haiM / yadyapi jaise jIva meM pratisamaya naye karmoMkA Asrava aura bandha hotA hai vaise hI pratisamaya pahale ba~be hue karmoMkI nirjarA bhI hotI rahatI hai, kyoMki jo karma apanA phala de cukate haiM ve jhar3ate jAte haiM / kintu usa nirjarAse karmabandhanase chuTakArA nahIM milatA; kyoMki pratisamaya naye karmoMkA bandha hotA hI rahatA hai, ataH saMbarapUrvaka jo nirjarA hotI hai, arthAta eka ora to naye karmoM ke Agamanako roka diyA jAtA hai aura dUsarI ora pahale ba~dhe hue karmoMko jIvase dhIre-dhIre judA kara diyA jAtA hai tabhI mokSakI prApti hotI hai jo ki sAtavA~ tattva hai / samasta

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142 jainadharma karmabandhanoMse jIvake chUTa jAneko mokSa kahate haiN| mokSa yA mukti zabdakA artha hI chuTakArA hai / jaba jIva saba karmabandhanoMse chUTa jAtA hai to use mukta jIva kahate haiN| isa prakAra ukta sAta tattvoMmeMse jIva aura ajIva do mUla tattva haiM, unake melase hI saMsArakI sRSTi hotI hai / saMsArake mUla kAraNa Amrava aura bandha haiM aura saMsArase mukta honeke kAraNa saMvara aura nirjarA haiN| saMvara aura nirjarAke dvArA jIvako jo pada prApta hotA hai vaha mokSa hai, jo ki pratyeka jIvakA carama lakSya hai| usIkI prAptike liye usakA prayatna cAlU rahatA hai, jise hama dharmake nAmase pukArate haiN| ataH jo jIva apane usa carama lakSyako prApta karanA cAhatA hai use ukta sAta tattvoMkA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| 10. karma siddhAnta karmakA svarUpa prANI jaisA karma karatA hai use vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3atA hai| moTe taurase yahI karmasiddhAntakA abhiprAya hai| isa siddhAntako jaina, sAMkhya, yoga, naiyAyika, vaizeSika, mImAMsaka Adi AtmavAdI darzana to mAnate hI haiM, kintu anAtmavAdI bauddhadarzana bhI mAnatA hai| isI taraha IzvaravAdI aura anIzvaravAdI bhI isameM prAyaH ekamata haiM / kintu isa siddhAntameM aikamatya hote hue bhI karmake svarUpa aura usake phala deneke sambandhameM donoMmeM maulika matabheda hai| sAdhAraNataurase jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai use karma kahate haiN| jaise-khAnA, pInA, calanA, phiranA, ha~sanA, bolanA, socanA vgairh| paralokako mAnane vAle dArzanikoMkA mata hai ki hamArA pratyeka acchA yA burA karma apanA saMskAra chor3a jAtA hai, kyoMki hamAre pratyeka karma yA pravRttike mUlameM rAga aura dveSa rahate haiN| yadyapi pravRtti yA karma kSaNika hotA hai tathApi usakA saMskAra phalakAla taka sthAyI

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siddhAnta 143 rahatA hai / saMskArase pravRtti aura pravRttise saMskArakI paramparA anAdikAla se calI AtI hai / isIkA nAma saMsAra hai / yaha saMskAra hI dharma, adharma, karmAzaya Adi nAmoMse pukArA jAtA hai / kintu jainadarzanake matAnusAra karmakA svarUpa kisI aMzameM isase bhinna hai / jainadarzanameM karma kevala eka saMskAramAtra hI nahIM hai kintu eka vastubhUta padArtha hai jo rAgI dveSI jIvakI kriyAse AkRSTa hokara jIvake sAtha mila jAtA hai / yadyapi vaha padArtha bhautika hai tathApi jIvake karma arthAt kriyAke dvArA AkRSTa hokara vaha jIvase ba~dhatA hai isaliye use karma kahate haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki jahA~ anya dharma rAga aura dveSase yukta jIvakI pratyeka kriyAko karma kahate haiM aura usa karmake kSaNika honepara bhI usake saMskArako sthAyI mAnate haiM, vahA~ jainadarzanakA kahanA hai ki rAga dveSase yukta jIvakI pratyeka mAnasika, vAcanika aura kAyika kriyAke sAtha eka dravya jIva meM AtA hai jo usake rAgadveSarUpa bhAvoMkA nimitta pAkara jIva se ba~dha jAtA hai, aura Age jAkara acchA yA burA phala detA hai / isakA khulAsA yaha hai ki padgaladravya 23 tarahakI vargaNAoM meM ba~TA huA hai / una vargaNAoM meM se eka kArmaNavargaNA bhI hai, jo saba saMsAra meM vyApta hai / jIvake kAryoMke nimittase yaha kArmaNavargaNA hI karmarUpa ho jAtI hai, jaisA ki AcArya kundakundane likhA hai 'pariNamadi jadA appA suhammi asuhammi rAgadosajudo / taM pavisadi kammarayaM NANAvaraNAdibhAvehi / / 95 / ' -pravaca0 'jaba rAga dveSase yukta AtmA acche yA bure kAmoMmeM lagatA hai taba karmarUpI raja jJAnAvaraNa Adi rUpase usameM praveza karatA hai / ' isa prakAra karma eka mUrta padArtha hai jo jIvake sAtha ba~dha jAtA hai /

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44 jainadharma jIva amUrtika hai aura karma mUrtika / ataH una donoMkA bandha sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki mUrtikake sAtha mUrtikakA bandha ho sakatA hai / kintu amUrtikake sAtha mUrtikakA bandha kaise ho sakatA hai ? aisI AzaMkA kI jA sakatI hai, usakA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai- anya darzanoMkI taraha jainadarzana bhI jIva aura karma sambandhako anAdi mAnatA hai| kisI samaya jIva sarvathA zuddha thA, bAdako usake sAtha karmoMkA sambandha huA, aisI mAnyatA nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA mAnanemeM aneka vivAda uTha khar3e hote haiN| sabase pahalA vivAda to yaha hai ki sarvathA zuddha jIvake karmabandha huA to kaise huA ? aura yadi sarvathA zuddha jIva bhI karmoM ke bandhanameM par3a sakatA hai to usase chuTakArA pAnekA prayatna karanA hI vyartha ho jAtA hai / ataH jIva aura karmakA sambandha anAdi hai / jaisA ki paJcAstikAya nAmaka granthameM AcArya kundakundane kahA hai 'jo khalu saMsArattho jIvo tatto du hodi pariNAmo / pariNAmAdo kammaM kammAdo hodi gadimu gadi // 128 // gadimadhigadassa deho dehAdo iMdiyANi jAyaMte / tehi du visayagahaNaM tatto rAgo va doso vA // 126 // jAyadi jIvassevaM bhAvo saMsAracakkavAlammi | idi jiNavarehiM bhaNido aNAdiNighaNo saNighaNo vA // 130 // | ' artha - jo jIva saMsArameM sthita hai arthAt janma aura maraNake cakrameM par3A huA hai, usake rAgarUpa aura dveSarUpa pariNAma hote haiM / una pariNAmoMse naye karma ba~dhate haiM / karmoMse gatiyoM meM janma lenA par3atA hai| janma lenese zarIra milatA hai / zarIrameM indriyA~ hotI haiN| indriyoMse viSayoMko 'grahaNa karatA hai / viSayoMko grahaNa karanese iSTa viSayoMse rAga aura aniSTa viSayoMse dveSa karatA hai / isa prakAra saMsArarUpI cakrameM par3e hue jIvake bhAvoMse karmabandha aura karmabandhase rAga-dveSa rUpa

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10 siddhAnta r bhAva hote rahate haiM / yaha cakra 'abhavyajIvakI apekSAse anAdi ananta hai aura bhavyajIvakI apekSAse anAdi sAnta hai| isase spaSTa hai ki saMsArI jIva anAdikAlase mUrtika karmoMse ba~dhA huA hai aura isaliye eka tarahase vaha bhI mUrtika ho rahA hai; jaisA ki kahA hai 'vaNNa rasa paMca gaMdhA do phAsA aTTha NiccayA jIve / No saMti amutti tado vavahArA mutti baMdhAdo // 7 // dravyasaM0 / arthAt -- vAstava meM jIvameM pA~coM rUpa, pA~coM rasa, donoM gandha aura AThoM sparza nahIM rahate isaliye vaha amUrtika hai, kyoMki jainadarzanameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzaguNavAlI vastuko hI mUrtika kahA hai / kintu karmabandhake kAraNa vyavahArameM jIva mUrtika hai | ataH kathacit mUrtika AtmAke sAtha mUrtika karmadravyakA sambandha hotA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki karma ke do bheda haiM- dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma / jIvase sambaddha karmapudgaloMko dravyakarma kahate haiM. aura dravyakarmake prabhAvase honevAle jIvake rAga-dveSarUpa bhAvako bhAvakarma kahate haiM / dravyakarma bhAvakarmakA kAraNa hai aura bhAvakarma dravyakarmakA kAraNa hai / na binA dravyakarmake bhAvakarma hote haiM aura na binA bhAvakarmake dravyakarma hote haiN| karma apanA phala kaise dete haiM ? Izvarako jagatkA niyantA mAnanevAle vaidikadarzana jIvako karma karanemeM svataMtra kintu usakA phala bhoganemeM parataMtra mAnate haiN| unake matase karmakA phala Izvara detA hai aura vaha prANiyoMke acche yA bure karma ke anurUpa hI acchA yA burA phala detA hai kintu jainadarzanakA kahanA hai ki karma apanA phala svayaM dete haiM, usake liye kisI nyAyAdhIzakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jaise, 1. jo jIva isa cakrakA anta nahIM kara sakate unheM abhavya kahate hai aura jo usakA anta kara sakate haiM unheM bhavya kahate haiM /

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146 jainadharma zarAba pInese nazA hotA hai aura dUdha pInese puSTi hotI hai / zarAba yA dUdha pIne ke bAda usakA phala deneke liye kisI dUsare zaktimAna niyAmakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / usI taraha jIva kI pratyeka kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRttike sAtha jo karmaparamANu jIvAtmAkI ora AkRSTa hote haiM aura rAgadvepakA nimitta pAkara usa jIvase baMdha jAte haiM, una karma paramANuoM meM bhI zarAba aura dUdhakI taraha acchA aura burA prabhAva DAlane kI zakti rahatI haiM, jo caitanyake sambandhase vyakta hokara jIvapara apanA prabhAva DAlatI hai aura usake prabhAva se mugdha huA jIva aise kAma karatA hai jo sukhadAyaka vA duHkhadAyaka hote haiM / yadi karma karate samaya jIvake bhAva acche hote haiM to ba~dhanevAle karmaparamANuoM para acchA prabhAva par3atA hai aura bAdako unakA phala bhI acchA hI hotA hai / tathA yadi bure bhAva hote haiM to burA asara par3atA hai aura kAlAntara meM usakA phala bhI burA hI hotA hai / mAnasika bhAvoMkA acetana vastuke Upara kaise prabhAva par3atA hai aura usa prabhAvakI vajahase usa acetanakA paripAka kaise acchA yA burA hotA hai ? ityAdi praznoMke samAdhAnake liye cikitsakoM ke bhojana sambandhI niyamoMpara eka dRSTi DAlanI cAhiye / vaidyakazAstra ke anusAra bhojana karate samaya manameM kisI tarahakA kSobha nahIM honA cAhiye; bhojana karanese AdhA ghaMTA pahalese lekara bhojana karaneke AdhA ghaMTA bAda taka manameM azAnti utpanna karanevAlA koI vicAra nahIM AnA cAhiye / aisI dazA meM jo bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, usakA paripAka acchA hotA hai aura vaha vikAra nahIM karatA / kintu isake viparIta kAma, krodha Adi vikAroMke rahate hue yadi bhojana kiyA jAtA hai to vaha bhojana zarIrameM jAkara vikAra utpanna karatA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki kartAke bhAvoMkA asara acetanapara bhI par3atA hai aura usake anusAra hI usakA vipAka hotA hai| ataH jIvako phala bhogane meM paratantra mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM haiM /

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siddhAnta 147 yadi Izvarako phaladAtA mAnA jAtA hai to jahA~ eka manuSya dUsare manuSyakA ghAta karatA hai vahA~ ghAtakako pApakA bhAgI nahIM honA cAhiye kyoMki usa ghAtakake dvArA Izvara maranevAle koDa dilAtA hai / jaise, rAjA jina purupoMke dvArA aparAdhiyoko daNDa dilAnA hai ve puruSa aparAdhI nahIM kaha jAte; kyoMki ve rAjAjJAkA pAlana karate haiN| usI taraha kisIkA ghAta karanevAlA ghAnaka bhI jisakA ghAta karanA hai usake pUrvakRta karmokA phala bhugatAtA hai; kyoMki Izvarane usake pUrvakRta karmokI yahI sajA niyana kI hogI bhI nA usakA vadha kiyA gyaa| yadi kahA jAya ki manuSya kama karane meM svataMtra hai ataH ghAtakakA kArya Izvaraprerita nahIM hai, kintu ghAtakakI svataMtra icchAkA pariNAma hai / to isakA uttara yaha hai ki saMsAradazAmeM koI bhI prANI vAstava meM svataMtra nahIM hai, mabhI apane apane kamAMse baMdhe haiM aura karmake amusAra hI prANIkI buddhi hAnI hai| zAyada kahA jAye ki aisI dazAmeM to koI bhI vyakti muktilAbha nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki jIva karmase ba~dhA hai aura karmaka anusAra jIvakI buddhi hotI hai| kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki kA accha bhI hote haiM aura bure bhI hote haiM / ataH acche karmake anusAra utpanna huI buddhi manuSyako sanmArgakI ora le jAtI hai aura bure karmake anusAra utpanna huI buddhi manuSyako kumArgakI Ara le jAtI hai / sanmArgapara calane se muktilAbha aura kumArgapara calanesa saMsAralAbha hotA hai| ataH buddhike karmAnusAra honese muktikI prAptimeM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii|| isa taraha jaba jIva karma karanemeM svataMtra nahIM hai to ghAtakakA ghAnarUpakarma usakI durbuddhikA hI pariNAma kahA jaayegaa| aura vuddhiko duSTanA usake kisI pUrvakRta karmakA phala kahI jaayegii| aisI sthitimeM yadi hama karmaphaladAtA Izvarako mAnate hai to usa ghAtakakI duSTa buddhikA kartA IzvarakA hI kahA jaayegaa| isapara hamArI vicArazakti kahatI hai ki eka vicArazIla phala

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140 jainadharma dAtAko kisI vyaktike bure karmakA phala aisA denA cAhiye jo usakI sajAke rUpameM ho, na ki usake dvArA dUsaroMko sajA dilavAneke rUpameM ho| kintu Izvara ghAtakase dUsarekA ghAta karAtA hai; kyoMki use usa ghAtakake dvArA dUsareko sajA dilAnI hai / kintu ghAtakako, jisa buddhike kAraNa vaha parakA ghAta karatA hai usa buddhiko bigAr3anevAle kamauMkA kyA phala milA ? isa phalake dvArA to dUsareko sajA bhoganI pdd'ii| kintu yadi Izvarako phaladAtA na mAnakara jIvake karmoMmeM hI svataH phaladAnakI zakti mAna lI jAya to ukta samasyA AsAnIse hala ho jAtI hai; kyoMki manuSyake bure karma usakI buddhipara isa prakArakA saMskAra DAla dete haiM, jisase vaha krodhameM Akara dUsaroM kA ghAta kara DAlatA hai aura isa taraha usake bure karma use bure mArgakI ora hI tabataka liye cale jAte haiM jaba taka vaha udharase sAvadhAna nahIM honA / ataH Izvara ko karma-phaladAtA mAnanemeM isa taraha ke anya bhI aneka vivAda khar3e hote haiN| jinameM se eka isa prakAra haiM kisI karmakA phala hameM turanta mila jAtA hai, kisIkA kucha mAha bAda milatA hai, kisIkA kucha varSa bAda milatA haiM aura kisIkA janmAntarameM milatA hai| isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? karmaphalake bhogameM samayakI viSamatA kyoM dekhI jAtI hai ? IzvaravAdiyoMkI ora se isakA IzvarecchAke sivAya koI santoSakAraka samAdhAna nahIM milatA / kintu karmameM hI phaladAnako zakti mAnanevAlA karmavAdI jainasiddhAnta ukta praznoMkA buddhigamya samAdhAna karatA hai jo ki Age batalAyA gayA hai / ataH Izvarako phaladAtA mAnanA ucita nahIM ja~catA / karmake bheda pahale batalAyA hai ki jainadarzanameM karmase matalaba jIvakI pratyeka kriyAke sAtha jIvakI ora AkRSTa honevAle karmapara

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siddhAnta 149 mANuoMse hai| ve karmaparamANu jIvakI pratyeka kriyAke sAtha, jise jainadarzana meM yogake nAmase kahA gayA hai, jIvakI ora AkRSTa hote haiM aura AtmAke rAga, dveSa aura moha Adi bhAvoMkA. jinheM jainadarzanameM kaSAya kahate haiM, nimitta pAkara jIvase ba~dha jAte haiN| isa taraha karmaparamANuoMko jIvataka lAnekA kAma jIvakI yogazakti karatI hai aura usake sAtha bandha karAnekA kAma kaSAya arthAt jIvake rAga-dveSarUpa bhAva karate haiM / sArAMza yaha hai ki jIvako yogazakti aura kaSAya hI bandhakA kAraNa haiM / kaSAyake naSTa ho jAnepara yogake rahanetaka jIva meM karmaparamANuoMkA Asrava Agamana to hotA hai kintu kaSAyake na honeke kAraNa Thahara nahIM skte| udAharaNake lie, yogako vAyukI, kaSAyako goMdakI, jIvako eka dovArakI aura karmaparamANuoMko dhUlakI upamA dI jA sakatI hai / yadi dIvArapara goMda lagI ho to vAyuke sAtha ur3akara AnevAlI dhUla dIvArase cipaka jAtI hai, kintu yadi dIvAra sApha, cikanI aura sUkhI hotI hai to dhUla dIvArapara na cipakakara turanta jhar3a par3atI hai| yahA~ dhUlakA kama yA jyAdA parimANameM ur3akara AnA vAyuke vegapara nirbhara hai / yadi vAyu teja hotI hai to dhUla bhI khUba ur3atI hai aura yadi dhImI hotI hai to dhUla bhI kama ur3atI hai / tathA dIvArapara dhUlakA thor3e yA adhika dinoMtaka cipake rahanA usapara lagI goMda Adi gIlI vastuoMkI cipakAhaTako kamIbezI para nirbhara hai| yadi dIvArapara pAnI par3A ho to usapara lagI huI dhUla jaldI jhar3a jAtI hai / yadi kisI per3akA dUdha lagA ho to kucha derameM jhar3atI hai aura yadi koI goMda lagI ho to bahuta dinoM meM jhar3atI hai / sArAMza yaha ki cipakAnevAlI cIjakA asara dUra hote hI cipakanevAlI cIja svayaM jhar3a jAtI hai| yahI bAta yoga aura kaSAyake sambandhameM bhI jAnanI caahiye| yogazakti jisa darje kI hotI hai AnevAle karmaparamANuoMkI saMkhyA bhI isIke anusAra kamatI yA bar3hatI hotI hai| yadi yoga utkRSTa

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150 jainadharma hotA hai to karmaparamANu bhI adhika tAdAda meM jIvakI ora Ate haiM / yadi yoga jaghanya hotA hai to karmaparamANu bhI kama tAdAda meM jIva kI ora Ate haiM / isI taraha yadi kapAya tIvra hotI hai to karmaparamANu jIvake sAtha bahuna dinAMtaka ba~dhe rahate haiM aura phala bhItI dete haiM / yadi kapAya halkI hotI hai to karmaparamANu jIva ke sAtha kama samaya taka ve rahate haiM aura phala bhI kama dete haiM / yaha eka sAdhAraNa niyama hai kintu isameM kucha apavAda bhI haiN| isa prakAra yoga aura kaSAyase jIvake sAtha karmapudgaloMkA bandha hotA hai / vaha bandha cAra prakArakA hai - prakRtibandha, pradezabandha, sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha / bandhako prApta honevAle karmaparamANuoMmeM aneka prakArakA svabhAva par3anA prakRtibandha haiM / unakI saMkhyAkA niyata honA pradezabandha hai / unameM kAlakI maryAdAkA par3anA, ki ye amuka kAlataka jIva ke sAtha ba~dhe raheMge, sthitibandha hai aura unameM phala denekI zaktikA par3anA anubhAgabandha hai / karmoM meM aneka prakArakA svabhAva par3anA tathA unakI saMkhyAkA kamatI bar3hatI honA yogapara nirbhara haiM / tathA unameM jIvake sAtha kama yA adhika kAlataka ThaharanekI zaktikA par3anA aura tIvra yA manda phala denekI zaktikA par3anA kapAyapara nirbhara hai / isa taraha prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha to yogase hote haiM aura sthitibandha tathA anubhAgabandha kaSAyase hote haiM / inameMse prakRtibandhake ATha bheda haiM-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya / jJAnAvaraNa nAmakA karma jIvake jJAnaguNako ghAnatA hai / isakI vajahase koI alpajJAnI aura koI vizeSajJAnI dekhA jAtA hai / darzanAvaraNa karma jIva ke darzanaguNako ghAtatA hai / AvaraNa DhA~kanebAlI vastuko kahate haiM, arthAt ye donoM karma jIvake jJAna aura darzanako DhA~kate haiM, unheM prakaTa nahIM hone dete| vedanIyakarma - jo sukha aura duHkhakA vedana-anubhavana karAtA hai / mohanIyakarma -

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viddhAnta 151 I jo jIvako mohita kara detA hai| isake do bheda haiM eka jo jIvako sacce mArgakA bhAna nahIM hone detA aura dUsarA, jo sacce mArgakA bhAna ho jAnepara bhI usapara calane nahIM detA / Ayukarma - jo amuka samayataka jIvako kisI eka zarIra meM roke rahatA hai / isake chir3a jAnepara hI jIvakI mRtyu kahI jAtI hai / nAmakarma - jisakI vajahase acche yA bure zarIra aura aMgaupAGga vagairahakI racanA hotI hai / gotrakarma - jisakI vajaha se jIva U~ca kulakA yA nIca kulakA kahA jAtA hai / antarAyakarma - jisakI vajahase icchita vastukI prAptimeM rukAvaTa paidA ho jAtI hai / ina ATha karmoMmeM se jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohana aura antarA ye cAra karma ghAtikarma kahe jAte haiM, kyoMki ye cAroM jIvake svAbhAvika guNoMko ghAtate haiN| zeSa cAra karma aghAtI kahe jAte haiM; kyoMki ve jIvake guNoMkA ghAta nahIM karate / ina ATha karmoMmeMse bhI jJAnAvaraNa ke pA~ca, darzanAvaraNake nau, vedanIyake do, mohanIyake aTThAIsa, Ayuke cAra, nAmake tirAnaveM, gotra ke do aura antarAyake pA~ca bheda haiM / ina bhedoMkA nAma aura unakA kAma vagairaha tasvArthasUtra karmakANDa Adi granthoMmeM dekhA jA sakatA hai / ghAtIkarma ke bhI do bheda haiM-sarvaghAtI aura dezaghAtI / jo karma jIvake guNakA pUrI tarahase ghAta karatA hai use sarvaghAtI kahate haiM aura jo karma usakA eka dezase ghAta karatA hai use dezaghAtI kahate haiN| cAra ghAnI kama ke 47 bhedomaMse 26 dezaghAtI haiM aura 21 sarvaghAtI hai| ghAtikarma to pApakarma hI kahe jAte haiM kintu aghAtikarmaka bhedoMmeMse kucha puNyakarma haiM aura kucha pApakarma haiN| jaise manuSyake dvArA khAyA huA bhAMjana pAkasthalI meM jAkara rasa, majjA, rudhira Adi rUpa ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jIvake dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye karmapudgala jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa ho jAte haiN| una karmapudgaloMkA ba~TavArA ba~dhanevAle karmoMmeM turanta ho jAtA hai /

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152 janadharma ___ jIva kaba kaise kamoM ko bA~dhatA hai aura unakA ba~TavArA kaise hotA hai ? sthiti aura anubhAgakA kyA niyama hai ? ityAdi bAtoMkA varNana jaina karmasAhityase jAnA jA sakatA hai / jaina siddhAntameM karmokI 10 mukhya avasthAe~ yA karmoMmeM honevAlI dasa mukhya kriyAe~ batalAI haiM jinheM 'karaNa' kahate haiM / unake nAma haiM-bandha, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, sattA, udaya, udIraNA, saMkramaNa, upazama, nidhatti aura nikaacnaa| bandha-karmapudgaloMkA jIvake sAtha sambandha honeko bandha kahate haiN| yaha sabase pahalI dazA hai ? isake binA anya koI avasthA nahIM ho sktii| isake cAra bheda haiM-prakRti bandha, sthiti bandha, anubhAga bandha, aura pradeza bandha / jaba jIvake sAtha karma pudgaloMkA bandha hotA hai usameM jIvake yoga aura kaSAyake nimittase cAra bAteM hotI haiM, prathama, turanta hI unameM jJAnAdikako ghAtane vagairahakA svabhAva par3a jAtA hai / dUsare, unameM sthiti par3a jAtI hai ki ye amuka samaya taka jIvake sAtha baMdhe rheNge| tIsare, unameM tIna yA manda phala dene kI zakti par3a jAtI hai, cauthe ve niyata tAdAdameM hI jIvase sambaddha hote haiM / jaisA ki pahale batalAyA hai| utkarSaNa-sthiti aura anubhAgake bar3haneko utkarSaNa kahate haiN| apakarSaNa-sthiti aura anubhAgake ghaTaneko apakarSaNa kahate haiN| bandha ke bAda ba~dhe hue kamoM meM ye donoM kriyAe~ hotI haiN| bure karmoM kA bandha karaneke bAda yadi jIva acche karma karatA hai to usake pahale bA~dhe hue bure kamoMkI sthiti aura phaladAnazakti acche bhAvoMke prabhAvase ghaTa jAtI hai| aura agara bure kokA bandha karake usake bhAva aura bhI adhika kaluSita ho jAte haiM aura vaha aura bhI adhika bure kAma karanepara utArU ho jAtA hai to bure bhAvoMkA asara pAkara pahale bA~dhe hue

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siddhAnta koM kI sthiti aura phaladAna zakti aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAtI hai| isa utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNake kAraNa hI koI kama jalda phala detA hai aura koI dera meN| kisI karma kA phala tIvra hotA hai aura kisI kA mnd| ___sattA-baMdhaneke bAda hI karma turanta apanA phala nahIM detA, kucha samaya bAda usakA phala milatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ba~dhaneke bAda karma sattAmeM rahatA hai| jaise zarAba pIte hI turanta apanA asara nahIM detI kintu kucha samaya bAda apanA asara dikhalAtI hai| vaise hI karma bhI ba~dhaneke bAda kucha samayataka sattA meM rahatA hai / isa kAlako jainaparibhASAmeM AbAdhAkAla kahate haiN| sAdhAraNatayA karmakA abAdhAkAla usakI sthitike anusAra hotA hai| jaise jo zarAba jitanI hI adhika nazIlI aura TikAU hotI hai vaha utane hI adhika dinoMtaka sar3Akara banatI hai, vaise hI jo karma adhika dinoMtaka ThaharatA hai usakA abAdhAkAla bhI usI hisAbase adhika hotA hai| eka koTIkoTI sAgarakI sthitimeM sau varSa AbAdhAkAla hotA hai / arthAta yadi kisI karmakI sthiti eka koTi koTi sAgara bA~dhI ho to vaha karma sau varSake bAda phala denA zurU karatA hai aura tabataka 'phala detA rahatA hai jabataka usakI sthiti pUrI na ho| kintu AyukarmakA AvAdhAkAla usakI sthitipara nirbhara nahIM hai| isakA khulAsA anya granthoMmeM dekhanA cAhiye / isa prakAra baMdhaneke bAda karmake phala na dekara jIvake sAtha maujUda rahanemAtrako sattA kahate haiN| udaya-karmake phala deneko udaya kahate haiN| yaha udaya do tarahakA hotA hai-phalodaya aura pradezodaya / jaba karma apanA phala dekara naSTa hotA hai to vaha phalodaya kahA jAtA hai| aura jaba karma binA phala diye hI naSTa hotA hai to use pradezodaya kahate haiN|

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jainadharma 154 udoraNA-jaise, AmoMke mausamameM Ama becanevAle AmoMko jaldI pakAneke liye per3ase nor3akara bhUse vagairahameM dabA dete haiM, jisase ve Ama vRkSakI apekSA jaldI paka jAte haiN| isI naraha kabhI kabhI niyata samayase pahale karmakA vipAka ho jAtA hai / ise hI udIraNA kahate haiN| udIraNAke liye pahale apakarSaNa karaNake dvArA karmako sthiniko kama kara diyA jAtA hai, sthinike ghaTa jAnepara karma niyata samayase pahale udayameM A jAtA hai| jaba koI asamayameM ho mara jAtA hai to usakI akAlamRtyu kahI jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa AyukarmakI udIraNA hI hai| sthinikA ghAta hue binA udIraNA nahIM hotii| __ saMkramaNa-eka karmakA dusare sajAtIya karmarUpa ho jAneko saMkramaNa karaNa kahate haiM / yaha saMkramaNa mUla bhedoMmeM nahIM hotaa| arthAta jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa rUpa nahIM hotA aura na darzanAvaraNa jJAnAvaraNarUpa hotA hai ? isI taraha anya koMke bAremeM bhI jaannaa| kintu eka karmakA avAntara bheda apane sajAtIya anya bhedarUpa ho sakatA hai / jaise, vedanIya karmake do bhedoMmeMse sAtavedanIya asAtavedanIya rUpa ho sakatA hai aura asAnavedanIya sAtavedanIyarUpa ho sakatA hai / yadyapi saMkramaNa eka karmake avAntara bhedoMmeM hI hotA hai, kintu usameM apavAda bhI hai| Ayukarmake cAra bhedoMmeM parasparameM saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| narakagatikI Ayu bA~dha lenepara jIvako narakagatimeM hI jAnA par3atA hai, anya ganimeM nahIM / isa prakAra bAAkI tIna AyuoMke bAre meM bhI jAnanA caahiye| upazama--kama ko udayameM A sakaneke ayogya kara denA upazama karaNa hai / nidhatti-karmakA saMkramaNa aura udaya na ho sakanA nidhatti hai|

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siddhAnta 155 nikAcanA -- usameM utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa aura udIraNAkA na ho sakanA nikAcanA hai / karmakI ina aneka dazAoMke sivAya jainasiddhAntameM karmakA svAmI, karmoMko sthiti, kaba kauna karma ba~dhatA hai ? kisakA udaya hotA hai, kisa karmakI sattA rahatI hai, kisa karmakA kSaya hotA hai Adi bAtoMkA vistAra se varNana hai /

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3. cAritra jainadharmake dArzanika mantavyoMkA paricaya karAkara aba hama usa caritrakI ora Ate haiM, jo vastutaH dharma kahA jAtA hai| - ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra nAmaka prAcIna jaina-granthameM samartha jainAcArya zrI samantabhadra svAmIne dharmakA varNana karate hue likhA hai 'dezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karmanivarhaNam / saMsAraduHkhataH satvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe // 2 // ' 'maiM karmabandhanakA nAza karanevAle usa satyadharmakA kathana karatA hU~ jo prANiyoMko saMsArake duHkhoMse chur3Akara uttama sukhameM dharatA hai|' isase nimna niSkarSa nikAlate haiM(1) saMsArameM duHkha hai| (2) usa duHkha kA kAraNa prANiyoMke apane-apane karma haiN| (3) dharma prANimAtrako duHkhase chur3Akara na kevala sukha kintu uttama sukha prApta karAtA hai| ___ aba vicAraNIya yaha hai ki saMsArameM duHkha kyoM hai aura dharma kaise usase chur3Akara uttama sukha prApta karAtA hai| 1. saMsArameM duHkha kyoM hai ? saMsArameM duHkha hai yaha kisIse chipA nhiiN| aura saba loga sukhake icchuka haiM aura sukhake lie hI rAta dina prayatna karate haiM yaha bhI kisIse chipA nhiiN| phira bhI saba duHkhI kyoM haiM ? jinheM peTa bharaneke lie na muTThI bhara anna milatA hai aura na tana DhA~kaneke liye vastra, unakI bAta jAne diijiye| jo sampattizAlI haiM

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cAritra 157 unheM bhI hama kisI na kisI duHkhase pIr3ita pAte haiN| nirdhana dhanake liye chaTapaTAte haiM aura dhanavAnoMko dhanakI tRSNA caina nahIM lenedetI / niHsantAna santAnake liye rote haiM to santAnavAle santAna ke bharaNapoSaNa ke liye cintita haiN| kisIkA putra mara jAtA hai. to kisIkI putrI vidhavA ho jAtI hai| koI patnIke binA duHkhI hai to koI kulaTA patnIke kAraNa duHkhI hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki pratyeka manuSya kisI na kisI duHkhase duHkhI hai| aura apanI apanI samajha ke anusAra use dUra karanekI ceSTA karatA hai, kintu phira bhI duHkhoMse chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| sumbakI cAhako pUrA karaneke prayatna meM jIvana bIta jAtA hai kintu kisIkI cAha pUrI nahIM hotii| Aiye ! jarA isake kAraNoMpara vicAra kreN| sukhake sAdhana tIna haiM - dharma, artha aura kAma / inameM bhI dharma hI sukhakA mukhya sAdhana hai aura bAkIke donoM gauNa haiM, kyoMki zubhAcaraNarUpa dharmake binA prathama to artha aura kAmakI prApti hI asaMbhava hai / jarA derake liye use saMbhava bhI mAna liyA jAye to adharmapUrNa sAdhanoMse upArjana kiyA huA artha aura kAma kabhI sukhakA kAraNa ho nahIM sakatA, balki duHkhoMkA hI kAraNa hotA hai| isake dRSTAntake liye corIse dhana kamAnebAloM aura parastrIgAmiyoMko upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai| mohavaza ina kAmoM meM bahuta se loga pravRtta hue dekhe jAte haiM, para una kAmoMko svayaM hI acchA nahIM batalAte / aura usa dhana aura kAmabhogase unheM kitanA sukha milatA hai yaha bhI unakI AtmA hI jAnatI hai / yathArthameM artha aura kAmase tabhI sukha ho sakatA hai jaba usameM santoSa ho / santoSake binA dhana kamAnese dhanakI tRSNA bar3hatI jAtI hai aura tRSNAkI jvAlAsaM jalate hue manuSyoMko sukhakA leza bhI nahIM mila sktaa| isI prakAra jo kAmabhogakI tRSNAmeM par3akara kAmabhogake sAdhana zarIra, indriya vagairahako jarjara kara lete haiM ve kyA kabhI sukhI ho sakate haiM ? phira artha aura kAma sadA ThaharanevAle nahIM haiM,

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158 jainadharma inakA svabhAva hI nazvaratA hai, kintu manuSyoMne unheM hI sukhakA sAdhana mAna rakhA hai | artha aura kAmameM jo jitanI unnati kara letA hai, jitanI adhika saMpatti, bhoga-upabhogake sAdhana, U~cI aTTAlikAe~, sundara sundara gAr3iyA~ Adi jisake pAsa haiM vaha utanA hI adhika sukhI mAnA jAtA hai, usakA utanA hI adhika Adara hotA hai / aura yaha saba dekhakara saba loga, kyA mUrkha aura kyA vidvAna, kyA grAmINa aura kyA zaharI, bAlakase bUDhetaka artha aura kAmake liye hI zaktibhara udyoga karate haiM / yadi koI dharma meM lagatA bhI hU~ to artha aura kAmake lie hI lagatA hai / aisI sthiti meM yadi manuSya duHkhI na hoM to kyoM na hoM ? phira manuSyoMkI yaha arthalAlasA aura kAmalAlasA kevala unheM hI duHkhI nahIM karatI balki samAja aura rASTra bharako duHkhI banAtI haiM, kyoMki jo manuSya svArthavaza dhana kamAtA hai aura ucita anucitakA vicAra nahIM karanA vaha dUsaroMke kaSTakA kAraNa avazya hotA hai, sAtha hI sAtha yadi vaha dUsaroMko kaSTa pahu~cAkara corI yA chalase apaneko dhanI banAtA hai to dUsare catura manuSya usakA hI anukaraNa karake usI rIti se dhanavAna bananekI keSTA karate haiM aura isa taraha paraspara meM hI eka dUsareke dvArA satAyA jAkara samAjakA samAja duHkhI ho uThatA hai / yahIM bAta kAmabhoga sambandhameM bhI hai / ataH yadi dharmake dvArA artha aura kAmakI maryAdA rakhI jAya to ve sukhake sAdhana ho sakate haiM, parantu dharmakI maryAdAke binA ve sukhakI apekSA duHkha hI adhika utpanna karate haiM / ataH sukhake sAtha dharmakA hI ghaniSTha sambandha siddha hotA hai aura sukhake sAdhanoMmeM dharma hI pradhAna ThaharatA hai / tathA zAstroMmeM jo sukhakA vicAra kiyA gayA haiM, usapara dRSTi DAlane se to yaha bAta aura bhI adhika spaSTa ho jAtI hai / zAstroMmeM sukhako jIvakA svabhAva batalAyA hai, kyoMki sukha jIvake bhItara se hI prakaTa hotA hai, bAhara saMsAra meM kahIM bhI

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cAritra 159 sukhakA sthAna nahIM hai| yadi hama apanese bAhara anya padArthoMmeM sukhakI khoja karate raheM to hameM kabhI bhI sukha nahIM mila sktaa| yaha satya hai ki indriyoMke bhoga hamase bAhara isa saMsArameM vidyamAna haiM, kintu unameMse koI bhI svayaM sukha nahIM hai| udAharaNake liye, eka vyApArIko tAra dvArA yaha sUcanA milatI hai ki use vyApArameM bahuna lAbha huA hai| sUcanA pAte hI vaha AnandameM nimagna ho jAtA hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki tAra dvArA sUcanA milate hI usake hRdayameM jo Ananda huA vaha kahA~se AyA? kyA vaha usa tArake kAgajase utpanna huA jisapara sUcanA likhI thI ? nahIM, kyoMki yadi usa kAgajapara hAnikI sUcanA likhI hotI to vahI kAgaja usI vyApArIke duHkhakA kAraNa bana jaataa| zAyada Apa kaheM ki usa tAraka kAgajapara jo vAkya likhe hue the unameM sukha vidyamAna thaa| kintu yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi una vAkyoMmeM sukha hai to jo koI una vAkyoMko par3he yA sune una sabhIko sane sukha honA cAhiye, magara aisA nahIM dekhA jaataa| zAyada kahA jAye ki una vAkyoMkA sambandha usI vyApArIse hai ataH unase usIko sukha hotA hai dUsaroMko nahIM / kintu yadi usa vyApArIko usa tArako satyatAmeM sandeha ho to una vAkyoMse use bhI taba taka sukha nahIM hogA jaba taka usakA sandeha dUra na ho| isake sivA eka hI vastu kisIke sukhakA sAdhana hotI hai aura kisIke duHkhakA sAdhana hotI hai / tathA eka hI vastu kabhI sukhakA sAdhana hotI hai aura kabhI duHkhakA sAdhana hotI hai| jaise, putra jaba taka mAtA-pitAkA AjJAkArI rahatA hai taba taka unake sukhakA sAdhana hotA hai aura jaba vahI uddaNDa ho jAtA hai to duHkhakA kAraNa bana jAtA hai / ataH yadi vAhya vastu sukhasvarUpa hotI to usase sabako sadA sukha hI honA cAhiye thA, kintu aisA nahIM dekhA jAtA / ataH yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki sukha jIvakA hI svabhAva hai, isaliye vaha andarase hI utpanna hotA hai| kintu

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15. jainadharma bAharameM jisa vastukA sahArA pAkara sukha utpanna hotA hai, ajJAnase manuSya use hI sukha samajha baiThatA hai / parantu vAstavameM bAhirI vastu na svayaM sukha hai aura na sukhakA sAdhana hI hai| zarIrameM utpanna honevAle vikAroMkI kSaNika zAntike upAyoMko manuSya bhramase sukhakA sAdhana mAnatA hai, kintu vAstava meM ve sukhake sAdhana nahIM haiM, balki zArIrika vikAroMke pratIkAramAtra haiM, jaisA ki bhartRharine bhI likhA hai "tRSA zuSyatyAsye pivati salilaM svAdu surabhi kSudhAtaH san zAlIn kavalayati zAkAdivalitAn / pradIpte kAmAgnau sudRr3hataramAliGgati vadhU pratIkAro vyAdheH sukhamiti viparyasyati janaH // ' arthAt-'jaba pyAsase mukha sUkhane lagatA hai to manuSya sukhandhita svAdu jala pItA hai / bhUkhase pIr3ita honepara zAka Adike mAtha bhAta khAtA hai / kAmAgnike prajvalita honepara patnIkA AliMgana karatA hai| isa prakAra rogake pratIkAroMko manuSya bhUlase sukha mAna rahA hai|' sArAMza yaha hai ki bAhya vastuoMke saMgrahakA uddezya kevala zarIra aura manake andara utpanna honevAlI duHkhajanita caMcalatA. ko miTAnA mAtra hai| saccA sukha to apane andarase svataH vikasita hotA hai, vaha bAhya vastukI apekSA nahIM krtaa| usake liye nagara aura vana, svajana aura parajana, mahala aura zmazAna tathA priyA kI goda aura zilAtala saba samAna haiM / ataH na artha sukhakA sAdhana hai aura na kAma, kintu icchAkA nirodha hI sacce sukhakA sAdhana hai / jo isa satyako nahIM samajhate ve icchAko na rokakara icchAke anukUla padArtha prApta karake sukhI honekA prayatna karate haiM, kintu eka icchAke pUrI honepara dUsarI icchA utpanna hotI hai aura isa taraha icchAkA srota bahatA rahatA hai| saba icchAe~ kisIkI pUrI nahIM hotI, aura yadi ho bhI jAe~ to

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cAritra 161 Age koI icchA utpanna na ho yaha saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH phira icchA utpanna honese phira duHkhakI hI saMbhAvanA hai / ataH pratyeka prakArako icchAkA niyamana karanA hI sukhakA saccA upAya hai, na ki usake anukUla padArtha juTAkara usakI tRpti krnaa| tRpti karanese to icchA bar3hatI hai aura vaha tRSNAkA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki saba sukha cAhate haiM, kintu duHkhoMkA abhAva hue binA sukhakI pratIti nahIM ho sktii| artha aura kAmase jo sukha hotA hai vaha sukha sukha nahIM haiM, kintu zArIrika aura mAnasika rogAMkA pratIkAramAtra hai| bhramase logoMne use sukha samajha liyA hai aura saba unlIkI prAptike upAyoM meM lage rahate haiM, nathA nyAya aura anyAyakA vicAra nahIM karate / isIse saMsArameM duHkha hai / hamArI artha aura kAmakI aniyaMtrita vAJchA hI svayaM hamAre aura dUsaroMke duHkhakA kAraNa banI huI hai| yadi hama use dharmake aMkuzase niyaMtrita kara sakeM-dharma aviruddha artha aura kAmake sevana karanekA vrata leleM tohama svayaM bhI sukhI ho sakate haiM aura dUsare bhI, jo ki hamArI aniyaMtrita arthatRSNA aura kAmatRSNAke zikAra bane hue haiM, sukhI ho sakate haiN| isIliye dharma upAdeya hai / vaha hamArI icchAoMkA niyamana karake hameM sukhI hI nahIM, kintu pUrNa sukhI banAtA hai, kyoMki jo sukha hameM indriyoMke dvArA prApta hotA hai, vaha parAdhIna hai| jaba taka hameM bhoganeke liye rucikara padArtha nahIM milate taba taka vaha hotA hI nahIM, tathA unake bhogane para tatkAla sukha mAlUma hotA hai kintu bAdameM jaba bhogakara chor3a dete haiM to puna unake vinA vikalatA hone lagatI hai| jaise, bhUkha laganepara rucikara bhojana milanese sukha hotA hai, na milanese duHkha hotA hai / tathA eka bAra bhara peTa bhojana kara lenepara dUsarI bAra phira kSudhA satAne lagatI hai aura hama bhojanake liye vikala ho uThate haiM / ataH isa prakArase prApta honevAlA

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162 jainadharma sukha sukha nahIM hai kintu duHkha hI hai| saccA sukha vaha hai jise eka bAra prApta kara lenepara phira duHkhakA bhaya hI nahIM rhtaa| isIse kahA hai-tatsukhaM yatra naamukhm'| sukha vahI hai jisameM duHkha na ho / dharmase aise hI sthAyI sukhakI prApti hotI hai / 2. muktikA mArga 'saMsArameM duHkha kyoM hai' yaha hama jAna cuke haiM aura yaha bhI jAna cuke haiM ki sukhakA sAdhana dharma hai / vaha hameM duHkhoMse chur3Akara sukha hI nahIM kintu uttama sukha prApta karA sakatA hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki duHkhoMse chUTane aura sukhako prApta karanekA vaha mArga kaunasA hai, jo dharmake nAmase pukArA jAtA hai| AcArya samantabhadra likhate haiM "saddaSTijJAnavRttAni dharma dharmezvarA viduH / yadIyapratyanIkAni bhavanti bhavapaddhatiH // 3 // " -ratnakaraMDa0 / arthAta-dharmake pravartaka samyagdarzana, samyakajJAna aura samyakacAritrako dharma kahate haiN| jinake ulaTe mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcaritra saMsArake mArga haiN|' ___ ina samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritrako hI, jo ki dharmake nAmase kahe gaye haiM, prasiddha sUtrakAra umAsvAmIne muktikA mArga batalAyA hai| asala meM jo muktikA mArga haiduHkhoM aura unake kAraNoMse chUTanekA upAya hai, vahI to dharma hai| usIko hameM samajhanA hai| duHkhoMse sthAyI chuTakArA pAneka liye sabase prathama hameM yaha dRr3ha zraddhAna honA jarUrI hai ki "ego me sassado appA nnaanndNsnnlkkhnno| sesA me bAhirA bhAvA savve saMjogalakkhaNA // 102 // " -niyamasAra / 'jJAnadarzanamaya eka avinAzI AtmA hI merA hai| zubhAzubha

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cAritra 163 karmoMke saMyogase utpanna hue bAkI sabhI padArtha bAhya haiMmujhase bhinna haiM mere nahIM haiM / ' jaba taka hama una vastuoMse, jo hameM hamAre zubhAzubha karmoMke phalasvarUpa prApta hotI haiM, mamatva nahIM tyAgeMge, tabataka hama apane chuTakArekA prayatna nahIM kara sakeMge / aura kareMge bhI to vaha hamArA prayatna saphala nahIM hogA, kyoMki jabataka hameM yahI mAlUma nahIM haiM ki hama kyA haiM aura jinake bIca meM hama rahate haiM unake sAtha hamArA kyA sambandha hai tabataka hama kisase kisakA chuTakArA karA sakeMge ? jaise, jise sonekI aura usameM mile hue khoTa kI pahacAna nahIM hai ki yaha sonA hai aura yaha mela hai, vaha khAnase nikale hue piNDameMse soneko zodhakara nahIM nikAla sakatA / soneko zodhakara nikAlaneke liye use sone aura mailakA jJAna tathA yahI sonA hai aura yahI maila hai aisA dRr3ha vizvAsa na honepara vaha kisI dUsareke bahakAvameM Akara mailako sonA aura soneko maila samajhakara bhrama meM bhI par3a sakatA hai| vaise hI Atmazodhakako bhI apanI AtmA, usakI kharAbiyA~, una kharAbiyoMke kAraNa aura unase chuTakArA pAneke upAyoMkA bhalI bhA~ti jJAna honeke sAtha hI sAtha apane usa jJAnakI satyatApara dRr3ha AsthA bhI avazya honI cAhiye | yaha AsthA hI samyagdarzana hai | chuTakArekA prayatna karanese pahale isakA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / jo kucha sandeha vagairaha ho use pahale hI dUra kara lenA cAhiye / jaba vaha dUra ho jAye aura pahale kahe gaye sAta tattvoMkI dRr3ha pratIti ho jAye taba phira mukti ke mArga meM paira baDhAnA cAhiye aura phira usase pIche paira nahIM haTAnA cAhiye, jaisA ki kahA hai viparItAbhinivezaM nirasya samyagvyavasya nijatattvam / yattasmAdavicalanaM sa eva puruSArthasiddhayupAyo'yam // 15 // " - puruSArtha0 / 'zarIrako hI AtmA mAna lenekA jo mithyAbhAva ho rahA hai,

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164 jainadharma use dUra karake Atmatattvako acchI taraha jAnakara, usase vicalita na honA hI paramapuruSArtha muktikI prAptikA upAya hai / ' ataH muktike liye ukta sAta tattvoMpara dRr3ha AsthAkA honA samyagdarzana hai aura unakA ThIka-ThIka jJAna honA hI samyajJAna hai / ye donoM hI Age bar3hanekI bhUmikA haiM, inake binA mukti ke liye prayatna karanA vyartha hai / jisa jIvako isa prakArakA dRr3ha zraddhAna aura jJAna ho jAtA hai use samyagdRSTi kahate haiM arthAt usakI dRSTi ThIka mAnI jAtI hai| aba yadi vaha Age bar3hegA to dhokhA nahIM khA sakegA / jabataka manuSyakI dRSTi ThIka nahIM hotI - use apane hitAhitakA jJAna nahIM hotA tabataka vaha apane hitakara mArgapara Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA / ataH prArambha meM hI usakI dRSTikA ThIka honA Avazyaka hai / isIliye samyagdarzanako mokSake mArga meM karNadhAra batalAyA hai| jaise nAvako ThIka dizAmeM le jAnA khenevAloMke hAthameM nahIM hotA, kintu nAva ke pIche lage hue DA~DakA sacAlana karanevAle manuSyake hAthameM hotA hai / vaha use jidharako ghumAtA haiM udharako hI nAvakI gati ho jAtI hai / yahI bAta samyagdarzanake viSaya meM bhI jAnanA cAhiye / isIse jainasiddhAnta meM samyagdarzanakA bahuta mahattva batalAyA hai / isake hue binA na koI jJAna samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai aura na koI cAritra samyak cAritra kahalAtA haiM, ataH mokSake upAsakakI dRSTikA samyak honA bahuta jarUrI hai, usake rahate hue mumukSu lakSya bhraSTa nahIM ho sakatA / isa samyagdarzanake ATha aMga haiN| jaise zarIra meM ATha aMga hote haiM, unake binA zarIra nahIM banatA, vaise hI ina ATha aMgoM ke binA samyagdarzana bhI nahIM banatA / sabase prathama jisa satya mArgakA usane avalambana kiyA hai usake sambandhameM use niHzaMka honA caahiye| jabataka use yaha zaMkA lagI huI hai ki yaha mArga ThIka hai yA galata, usakI AsthA dRr3ha kaise kahI jA sakatI hai ? aisI avasthAmeM Age bar3hanepara bhI usakA lakSyataka

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cAritra 166 1 pahu~canA sambhava nahIM hai / ataH usa apanepara apane gantavya pathapara aura apane mArgadraSTApara avicala vizvAsa honA cAhiye / dUsare use kisI bhI prakArake laukika sukhoMkI icchA nahIM karanA cAhiye - bilkula niSkAma hokara kAma karanA cAhiye, kyoMki kAmanA aura vaha bhI strI, putra, dhana vagairahakI, manuSyako lakSyabhraSTa kara detI hai | icchAkA dAsa kabhI Age bar3ha hI nahIM sakatA / jaise koI AdamI apane dezako svataMtra karaneke mArgako apanAtA hai aura yaha kAmanA rakhakara apanAtA hai ki isa mArgako apanAnese merI khyAti hogI, pratiSThA hogI, mujhe kauMsila meM membarI milegI / yadi ye cIjeM use mila jAtI haiN| to vaha phira inako hI apanA lakSya mAnakara unameM hI rama jAtA hai aura dezakI svataMtratAko bhUla baiThatA hai / yadi ye cIjeM nahIM milatI aura ulTI yAtanA sahanI par3atI hai to vaha logoMko bhalA-burA kahakara usa mArgako chor3a hI baiThatA hai / vaise hI sAMsArika sukhakI kAmanA rakhakara isa mArgapara calanA bhI lakSya bhraSTa kara detA hai / ataH nirIha hokara rahanA hI ThIka hai / tIsare, rogI, duHkhI aura daridrIko dekhakara usase glAni nahIM karanI cAhiye, kyoMki ye saba jIvoMke apane apane kiye hue puNya pApakA khela hai / Aja jo amIra hai kala vaha daridra ho sakatA hai| Aja jo nIroga hai kala vaha rogI ho sakatA hai / ataH manuSyake vaibhava aura zarIrakI gandagIpara dRSTi na dekara usake guNoMpara dRSTi denI cAhiye / cauthe, use kumArgakI aura kumArgapara calanevAloMkI kabhI bhI sarAhanA nahIM karanI cAhiye, kyoMki isase kumArgako protsAhana milatA hai / tathA usameM itanA viveka aura dRr3hatAkA honA jarUrI hai ki yadi koI use sanmArga se cyuta karanekA prayatna kare to usakI bAtoM meM na A sake / pA~caveM, use apane meM guNoMko bar3hAte rahanekA prayatna karate rahanA cAhiye aura dUsaroMke doSoMko DhA~kanekA prayatna karanA cAhiye / tathA ajJAnI aura asamartha janoMke dvArA yadi

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jainadharma sanmArgapara koI apavAda AtA ho to use bhI dUra karanekA prayatna karanA cAhiye, jisase lokameM sanmArgakI nindA na ho| chaThe, svayaM yA koI dUsarA manuSya sanmArgase DigatA huA ho, kisI kAraNase usakA tyAga kara denA cAhatA ho to apanA aura usakA sthitikaraNa karanA cAhiye / sAtaveM, apane sahayogiyoMse, aura ahiMsAmayI dharmase atyanta sneha karanA caahiye| AThaveM, janatAmeM phaile hue ajJAnarUpI andhakArako dUra karake ahiMsAmayI dharmakA sarvatra prasAra karate rahanA cAhiye / ye samyagdarzanake ATha aMga haiM, jinakA honA jarUrI hai| isake sivA samyagdRSTiko apane jJAna, tapa, Adara-satkAra, bala, aizvarya, kula, jAti aura saundaryakA mada nahIM karanA cAhiye / mada bahuta burA hai / jo koI madameM Akara apane kisI bhI sahadharmIkA apamAna karatA hai, vaha apane dharmakA hI apamAna karatA hai, kyoMki dhArmikoMke binA dharmakI sthiti nahIM haiN| isa prakAra samyagdRSTi tathA samyagjJAnI hokara jIvako Age bar3hanekA prayatna karanA caahiye| itanI bhUmikA taiyAra kiye binA ahiMsA dharmarUpI usa mahAvRkSakA aMkurAropaNa nahIM ho sakatA, jisake zAntarasase paripUrNa susvAdu madhuraphala muktike mArgameM pAtheyakA kAma dete haiM aura jisakI zItala sukhada chAyAmeM yaha sacarAcara vizvayuddhoMkI vibhISikAse trasta aura Akula yaha saMsAra, zAntilAbha kara sakatA hai / aba rahA samyakcAritra yA AcAra / 3. cAritra yA AcAra prArambhameM jainadharmakA ArambhakAla batalAte hue yaha batalAyA hai ki jainazAstroMke anusAra vartamAna avasarpiNIkAlake prArambhameM jaba yahA~ bhogabhUmi thI, usa samaya yahA~ koI bhI dharma nahIM thA / saba manuSya sukhI the| sabako AvazyakatAke anusAra Avazyaka vastue~ mila jAtI thiiN| manuSya saMtoSI aura sarala

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cAritra 167 hote the| vaiyaktika sampattivAdakA taba janma nahIM huA thaa| ataH viSamatA bhI nahIM thii| prAkRtika sAmyavAda thaa| na koI choTA thA aura na koI bdd'aa| na koI amIra thA aura na koI garIba / na koI zAsaka thA aura na koI zAsya / kintu pIche prakRtine palaTA khAyA, Avazyaka vastuoMkA yatheSTa parimANameM milanA banda ho gyaa| manuSyoMmeM asantoSa aura ghabarAhaTa paidA huI / usase saMcayavRttikA janma huaa| phalataH vipamatA baDhane lagI aura usake sAtha-sAtha aparAdhoMkI bhI pravRtti ho clii| sukhakA sthAna duHkhane le liyaa| taba bhagavAna RpabhadevakA janma huaa| unhoMne logoMko asi, maSI, kRSi, zilpa, sevA aura vyApArake dvArA AjIvikA karanekA upadeza diyA tathA apane pratyeka kAryameM ahiMsAmUlaka vyavahAra karanekA upadeza dekara ahiMsAko hI dharma batalAyA aura usa ahiMsA dharmako rakSAke lie satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina cAra anya dhokA pAlana bhI Avazyaka btlaayaa| ye pA~ca yamarUpa dharma hI jainAcArakA mUla hai isIko ekadezase gRhastha pAlate haiM aura sarvadezase muni pAlate haiN| ___ cAritra yA AcArakA artha hotA hai AcaraNa / manuSya jo kucha socatA hai yA bolatA hai yA karatA hai vaha saba usakA AcaraNa kahalAtA hai| usa AcaraNakA sudhAra hI manuSyakA sudhAra hai aura usakA bigAr3a hI manuSyakA bigAr3a hai| manuSya pravRttizIla hai aura usakI pravRttike tIna dvAra haiM-mana, vacana aura kAya / inake dvArA hI manuSya apanA kAma karatA hai aura inake dvArA hI eka manuSya dUsare manuSyake paricayameM AtA hai| yahI ve cIjeM haiM, jo manuSyako manuSyakA duzmana banAtI haiM aura yahI ve cIjeM haiM jo manuSyako manuSyakA mitra banAtI haiN| yahI ve cIjeM haiM jinake satprayogase manuSya svayaM sukhI ho sakatA hai aura dUsaroMko mukhI kara sakatA hai aura yahI ve cIjeM haiM, jinake duSprayogase manuSya svayaM duHkhI hotA hai aura dUsaroMke duHkhakA

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168 jainadharma kAraNa banatA hai / ataH inakA satprayoga karanA aura duSprayoga na karanA zubhAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai| yathArthameM cAritrake do aMza haiM-eka pravRttimUlaka aura dUsarA nivRttimUlaka / jitanA pravRttimUlaka aMza hai vaha saba bandhakA kAraNa hai aura jitanA nivRttimUlaka aMza hai vaha saba avandhakA kAraNa hai| ____ yahA~ pravRtti aura nivRttike vipayameM thor3A sA prakAza DAla denA anucita na hogaa| pravRttikA matalaba hai icchA-pUrvaka kisI kArya meM laganA aura nivRttikA matalaba hai pravRttiko roknaa| pravRtti acchI bhI hotI aura burI bhii| pravRttike tIna dvAra haiM-mana, vacana aura kAya / kisokA burA vicAranA, kisIse IrSAbhAva rakhanA Adi burI mAnasika pravRtti hai| kisIkA bhalA vicAranA, kisIkI rakSAkA upAya socanA Adi acchI mAnasika pravRtti hai| jhuTha bolanA, gAlI bakanA Adi burI vAcanika pravRtti hai| hita mita vacana bolanA, acchI vAcanika pravRtti hai / kisIkI hiMsA karanA, corI karanA, vyabhicAra karanA Adi burI kAyika pravRtti hai aura kisIkI rakSA karanA, sevA karanA Adi acchI kAyika pravRtti hai| isa taraha pravRtti acchI bhI hotI hai aura burI bhI hotI hai| kintu pravRttikA acchApana yA burApara kartAkI kriyA yA usake phalapara nirbhara nahIM hai kintu kartAke irAde para nirbhara hai| kartA jo kArya acche irAdese karatA hai vaha kArya acchA kahalAtA hai aura jo kArya bure irAdese karatA hai vaha kArya burA kahalAtA hai| jaise, eka DAkTara acchA karaneke bhAvase rogIko naztara detA hai| rogI cillAtA hai aura tar3aphatA hai phira bhI DAkTarakA kArya burA nahIM kahalAtA kyoMki usakA irAdA burA nahIM hai / tathA eka manuSya kisI dhanI yuvakase mitratA jor3akara usakA dhana hathiyAneke irAdese pratidina usakI khuzAmada karatA hai, use taraha tarahake sabjabAga dikhAkara vezyA aura zarAbase usakI khAtira karatA hai| usakA yaha kAma burA hai kyoMki

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cAritra 166 usakA irAdA burA hai / isI taraha aura bhI aneka dRSTAnta diye jA sakate haiM / ataH pravRttikA acchA yA burApana kartAke bhAvoMpara nirbhara hai, na ki kaarypr| aisI sthiti meM jo loga laukika sukhakI icchAse prerita hokara dharmAcaraNa karate haiM unakA vaha dharmAcaraNa yadyapi bare kAryoM meM laganekI apekSA acchA hI hai tathApi jisa dRSTi dharmAcaraNako kartavya batalAyA hai usa dRSTise vaha eka taraha se niSphala hI hai, kyoMki laukika vaiSayika sukhakI lAlasAmeM pha~sakara hama usa cirasthAyI Atmika sukhakI bAtako bhUla jAte haiM, jo dharmAcaraNakA antima lakSya hai, aura aise kArya kara baiThate haiM jinase bahuta kAlake liye usa cirasthAyI sukhakI AzA naSTa ho jAtI hai / yadyapi sukhalAbhakI pravRtti jIvakA svabhAvasiddha dharma hai / vahI pravRtti jIvoMko acche yA bure kAryoM meM lagAtI hai / kintu eka to jIvoMko sacce sukhakI pahicAna nahIM hai / ve samajhate haiM ki indriyoMke viSayoM meM hI saccA sukha hai| isaliye ve unhIMkI prAptikA prayatna karate haiM aura usIke lobhase dharmAcaraNa bhI karate haiM / kintu jyoM-jyoM unheM viSayoMkI prApti hotI jAtI hai tyoM-tyoM unakI viSayatRSNA bar3hatI jAtI hai| usa tRSNAkI pUrti ke liye ve pratidina naye-naye upAya racate haiM, anartha karate haiM, balAtkAra karate haiM, dUsaroMko satAte haiM, ucita anucitakA vicAra kiye binA jo kucha kara sakate haiM karate haiM, kintu unakI tRSNA zAnta nahIM hotI / antameM tRSNAko zAnta karanekI dhuna meM ve svayaM hI zAnta ho jAte haiM aura apane pIche pApoMkI poTarI bA~dhakara duniyAse cala basate haiM / isIliye vaiSayika sukhako khoja itanI nindanIya hai| dUsare, pravRttimeM eka bar3A bhArI dopa yaha hai ki pravRtti mAtra hI sahajameM asaMyata ho uThatI hai aura ucita sImAko lA~ghakara kArya karane lagatI hai / isIse pravRttike damanapara itanA jora diyA gayA hai aura pravRttiko vizvasta pathapradarzaka nahIM mAnA jAtA / isIliye dUradarzI dharmopadeSTAoMne

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170 jainadharma pravRtti-mUlaka kAryakI apekSA nivRttimUlaka kAryakI hI adhika prazaMsA kI hai| aura nivRttimArgako hI grahaNa karanekA upadeza diyA hai| ___ aneka loga socA karate haiM ki pravRtti manuSyako yathArthakarmA banAkara jagatakA hita karane meM lagAtI hai aura nivRtti manuSyako niSkarmA banAkara jagatakA hita karanese rokatI hai| kintu yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai| yaha saca hai ki nivRttimArgakI apekSA pravRttimArga AkarSaka hai| para usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki pravRttimArgase jisa sukhakI khoja kI jAtI hai vaha kSaNika honepara bhI sahajalabhya aura sahajabhogya hai| udhara nivRttimArgase jisa sukhako khojA jAtA hai vaha nitya honepara bhI atidUra hai aura saMyatacitta hue binA koI use bhoga nahIM sktaa| ataH nivRttimArga yadyapi AkarSaka nahIM hai tathApi eka bAra jo usapara paga rakha detA hai vaha barAbara calatA rahatA hai, kyoMki usa mArgapara calanese josukha prApta hotA hai vaha nitya hai aura usako bhoganekI zaktikA kabhI hrAsa nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta pravRttimArgase jo sukha prApta hotA hai usa mukhake liye jina bhogya sAmagriyoMkI AvazyakatA hai ve saba asthAyI haiM aura usa sukhako bhoganeke liye hamameM jo zakti hai vaha bhI kSaya honevAlI hai ! dUsare, pravRttise prerita hokara jo kArya kiyA jAtA hai usake anta taka cAlU rahanemeM bahuta kucha zaMkA rahatI hai, kyoMki kartA kisI laukika icchAse ho usameM pravRtta hotA hai| kintu nivRttimArgapara calanevAleke viSayameM yaha zaMkA nahIM rahatI, kyoMki vaha apane sukha-lAbhapara dRSTi na rakhakara kArya karanemeM hI rata rahatA hai| zAyada koI kahe ki pravRttimArgI logoMne hI parizrama karake aneka prakArake viSaya-sukhake upAyoMkA AviSkAra karake manuSyajAtikA mahAn hita kiyA hai aura nivRttimArgiyoMne kucha nahIM kiyaa| to unheM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki una saba sukhasAdhanoMke rahate hue bhI jaba koI AdamI dussaha zokasAgarameM nimagna hotA hai, yA

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cAritra 171 nirAzAke garta meM par3A hotA hai yA asAdhya rogase pIr3ita hotA hai to nivRttimArgiyoMke jIvanake ujjvala dRSTAnta hI usako dhIraja ba~dhAte haiM, aura unake anubhavapUrNa upadezoMke dvArA hI use saccI zAntikA lAbha hotA hai / ataH jo sacce sukha aura zAntikI khoja meM haiM unheM kucha-kucha nivRttimArgI bhI honA cAhiye aura pravRttimArga para calate hue bhI apanI dRSTi nivRttimArgapara hI rakhanI cAhiye / koI kaha sakate haiM ki isa taraha yadi sabhI nivRttimArgI ho jAya~ge to duniyAkA kAma kaise calegA ? kintu aisA socanekI jarUrata nahIM hai kyoMki hamArI svArthamUlaka pravRttiyA~ itanI prabala haiM ki nivRttike abhyAsase unakI jar3a ukhar3anekI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| usase itanA hI ho sakatA hai ki ve kucha zAnta ho jAyeM, kintu isase hameM aura jagatako lAbha hI pahu~cegA, hAni nahIM / ataH cAritrake do rUpa haiM eka pravRttimUlaka aura dUsarA nivRttimUlaka / ina donoM hI cAritroMkA prANa hai ahiMsA, aura usake rakSaka haiM, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha | 4. ahiMsA jainAcArakA prANa ahiMsA hI paramadharma haiN| ahiMsA hI parabrahma hai| ahiMsA hI sukha zAnti denevAlI haiM, ahiMsA hI saMsArakA trANa karanevAlI hai / yahI mAnavakA saccA dharma hai, yaho mAnavakA saccA karma hai| yahI vIroMkA saccA bAnA hai, yahI dhIroMkI prabala nizAnI hai / isake binA na mAnavakI zobhA hai na usakI zAna hai / mAnava aura dAnava meM kevala ahiMsA aura hiMsAkA hI to antara hai | ahiMsA mAnavI hai aura hiMsA dAnavI hai| jabase mAnavane ahiMsAko bhulA diyA tabhIse vaha dAnava hotA jAtA hai aura usakI dAnavatAkA abhizApa isa vizvako bhoganA par3a rahA hai / phira bhI mAnava isa satyako nahIM samajhatA / kintu

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172 jainadharma vaha dina dUra nahIM hai jaba mAnavasaMsAra use samajhegA, kyoMki usake kaSToMkA dUsarA ilAja hI nahIM hai| _ saMsAra sukha zAnti cAhatA hai, isakA matalaba hai ki saMsArameM nivAsa karanevAlA pratyeka prANI sukhazAntikA icchuka hai| koI maranA nahIM caahtaa| duHkhIse duHkhI prANI bhI jIvita rahanekI cAha rakhatA hai| sabako apanA jIvana priya hI nahIM, balki atipriya hai| esI ati pyArI cIjako jo naSTa kara DAlatA hai vaha hiMsaka hai, dAnava hai; pAtakI hai / aura jo usakI rakSA karatA hai, apane prANoMkA balidAna karake bhI trastoMko bacAtA hai, unheM jIvanadAna detA hai, vaha ahiMsaka hai vahI saccA mAnava hai| isa mAnavatAkA mUlya vahI A~ka sakatA hai, jisake prANoMpara kabhI saMkaTa AyA hai| jo kevala mAranA jAnate haiM, satAnA jAnate haiM, unase yaha AzA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? ___ kahAvata prasiddha hai-'jAke paira nahiM phaTI bivAI, vaha kyA jAne pIra parAI ?' jisake jIvanapara kabhI duHkhakI ghaTA nahIM ghaharAI, kabhI kisI AtatAyIkI talavAra nahIM par3I, vaha kyA jAna sakatA hai ki dUsaroMko mAranemeM yA satAnemeM kyA duHkha hai ? kAza yadi mAnavane apane jIvanapara bItI duHkhada ghaTanAoMse zikSA lI hotI to Aja mAnava mAnavake khUnakA pyAsA na hotA / kintu mAnava itanA svArthI hai yA usakI svArthaparaka vRttiyA~ itanI prabala haiM, ki vaha svayaM jIvita rahanA cAhatA hai kintu dUsaroMke jIvanako kataI paravAha nahIM krtaa| usakI dazA nazemeM masta usa moTaracAlakakI sI hai jo sarapaTa moTara daur3Ate hue yaha bhUla jAtA hai ki jisa sar3aka para maiM moTara calA rahA hU~ usapara kucha anya prANI bhI cala rahe haiM, jo merI moTarase dabakara mara sakate haiN| use apane jIvanakI va apane sukha cainakI to cintA hai kintu dUsaroMkI nhiiN| mujhe svAdiSTase svAdiSTa padArtha khAneko milane cAhiye cAhe dUsaroMkoM sUkhA kaura bhI na mile / mere khajAnemeM vekAra sone-cA~dIkA Dhera lagA

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cAritra 173 rahanA cAhiye cAhe dUsaroMke tanapara phaTA cIthar3A bhI na ho| merI sAhUkArI saikar3oMko garIba banAtI hai to mujhe kyA ? mere bhogavilAsake nimittase dUsaroMke prANoMpara bana AtI hai to mujhe kyA ? hamAre sAmrAjyavAdakI cakkImeM dezakA deza pisa rahA hai to hameM kyA ? vyakti, samAja aura rASTrakI ye bhAvanAe~ hI dUsare vyaktiyoM, samAjoM aura rASTroMkA nirdalana kara rahI haiN| inake kAraNa kisIko bhI sukhasAtA nahIM hai| parasparameM avizvAsakI tIvra bhAvanA rAta dina Akula karatI rahatI hai| saba avasarakI pratIkSAmeM rahate haiM ki kaba dUsarekA galA dabocA jAya / ye saba hiMsaka manovRttikA hI duSpariNAma hai jo vizvako bhoganA par3a rahA hai| isase bacanekA eka hI upAya hai aura vaha hai 'jio aura jIne do' kA mantra / usake binA vizvameM zAnti nahIM ho sktii| __kucha loga ahiMsAko kAyaratAkI jananI samajhate haiM aura kucha use acchI mAnakara bhI azakya samajhate haiN| unakA aisA khyAla hai ki ahiMsA hai to acchI cIja magara vaha pAlI nahIM jA sakatI / ye donoM hI khyAla galata haiN| na ahiMsA kAyaratAko paidA karatI hai aura na vaha aisI hI hai ki usakA pAlana karanA azakya ho| ahiMsApara gaharA vicAra na karanese hI aisI dhAraNA banA lI gaI hai / hiMsA na karaneko ahiMsA kahate haiN| kintu apane dvArA kisI prANIke mara jAnese yA duHkhI ho jAnese ho hiMsA nahIM hotii| saMsArameM sarvatra jIva pAye jAte haiM aura ve apane nimittase marate bhI rahate haiM phira bhI jainadharmake anusAra ise tabataka hiMsA nahIM kahA jA sakatA jabataka hiMsArUpa pariNAma na ho| vAstava meM hiMsArUpa pariNAma hI hiMsA hai / arthAt jabataka hama pramAdI aura ayatnAcArI na hoM tabataka kisIkA ghAta ho jAne mAtrase hama hiMsaka nahIM kahalAye jA skte| Azaya yaha hai ki hiMsA do prakArase hotI hai eka kaSAyase

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174 janadharma arthAt jAnabUjhakara aura dUsare ayatnAcAra yA AsAvadhAnIse / jaba eka manuSya krodha, mAna, mAyA yA lobhake vaza dUsare manuSyapara vAra karatA hai to vaha hiMsA kapAyase kahI jAtI hai aura jaba manuSyako asAvadhAnatAse kisIkA ghAta ho jAtA hai yA kisIko kaSTa pahu~catA hai to vaha hiMsA ayatnAcArase kahI jAtI hai| kintu yadi koI manuSya dekha bhAlakara apanA kArya kara rahA hai aura usa samaya usake cittameM kisIko kaSTa pahu~cAne kA bhI bhAva nahIM hai, phira bhI yadi usake dvArA kisIko kaSTa pahu~catA hai yA kisIkA ghAta ho jAtA hai to vaha hiMsaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI bAtako spaSTa karate hue zAtrakAroMne likhA hai "uccAlidammi pAde iriyAsamidassa NiggamaTThANe / AvAdejja kuliMgo marejja taM jogamAsejja / Na hi tassa taNNimitto baMdho suhamo vi desido smye|" -pravaca0 pR0 262 / arthAt-'jo manuSya Age dekha bhAlakara rAstA cala rahA hai usake paira uThAnepara agara koI jIva pairake nIce A jAve aura kucalakara mara jAve to usa manuSyako usa jIvake mArane kA thor3A sA bhI pApa AgamameM nahIM khaa|' kintu yadi koI manuSya asAvadhAnatAse kArya kara rahA hai use isa bAtako bilkula paravAha nahIM hai ki usake ina kAryase kisIko hAni pahu~ca sakatI hai yA kisIke prANoMpara bana A sakatI hai, aura usake dvArA usa samaya kisIko koI hAni pahu~ca bhI nahIM rahI ho, phira bhI vaha hiMsAke pApakA bhAgI hai'maradu va jIvadu jIvo ajadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA / payadassa patthi baMdho hiMsAmeteNa samidassa ||17||-prvc0 3 / arthAt-'jIva cAhe jiye cAhe mare, asAvadhAnatAse kAma karanevAleko hiMsAkA pApa avazya lagatA / / kintu jo sAva

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171 cAritra dhAnIse kAma kara rahA hai use prANivadha ho jAnepara bhI hiMsAkA pApa nahIM lgtaa|' ___ ahiMsAkI isa vyAkhyAke anusAra apanese kisI jIvakA ghAta ho jAne yA kisIke dukhI ho jAnepara bhI tabataka hiMsA nahIM kahalAtI jabataka apane bhAva use mArane yA duHkhI karaneke na hoM, athavA hama apanA kArya karate hue asAvadhAna na hoN| kintu yadi hamAre bhAva kisIko mArane yA kaSTa pahu~cAneke hoM, parantu prayatna karanepara bhI hama usakA kucha bhI aniSTa nahIM kara sakeM, taba bhI hama hiMsaka hI samajhe jaayeNge| kyoMki jo dUsaroMkA burA karanA cAhatA hai vaha sabase pahale apanA burA karatA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai 'svayamevAtmanA''tmAnaM hinastyAtmA pramAdavAn / pUrva prANyantarANAM tu pazcAd syAdvAna vA vadhaH ||'-srvaarth0 pR0 206 / arthAn-'pramAdI manuSya pahale apane dvArA apanA hI ghAta karatA hai, pIche dUsare prANiyoMkA ghAta ho yA na ho|' asalameM jainadharmameM hiMsAko do bhAgoMmeM bA~Ta diyA gayA hai-dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA / jaba kisIko mArane yA satAne athavA asAvadhAnatAkA bhAva na honepara bhI dUsarekA ghAta ho jAtA hai taba use dravyahiMsA kahate haiM aura jaba kisIko mArane yA satAne athavA asAvadhAnatAkA bhAva hotA hai taba use bhAvahiMsA kahate haiN| vAstavameM bhAvahiMsA hI hiMsA hai| dravyahiMsAko to kevala isaliye hiMsA kahA hai ki usakA bhAvahiMsAke sAtha sambandha hai| kintu dravyahiMsAke honepara bhAvahiMsA anivArya nahIM hai, arthAt jisa AdamIke dvArA kisIkA ghAta ho jAtA hai yA kisIko kaSTa pahu~catA hai usa AdamIkA irAdA hI aisA karanekA thA aisA ekAntarUpase nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ataH jahA~ kartAke bhAvoM meM hiMsA hai vahIM hiMsA hai, usake dvArA koI mArA jAya yA na mArA jaaye| aura jahA~ kartAke bhAvoMmeM

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jainadharma 176 hiMsA nahIM hai vahA~ hiMsA bhI nahIM hai, bhale hI usake nimittase kisIkI jAna calI jaaye| agara dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsAko isa prakAra alaga na kiyA gayA hotA to koI bhI ahiMsaka na bana sakatA aura yaha zaMkA barAbara khar3I rahatI'jale jantuH sthale janturAkAze jantureva ca / loke kathaM bhikSurahiMsakaH // ' 'jalameM jaMtu haiM, sthalameM jaMtu haiM aura AkAzameM bhI jaMtu haiN| isa taraha java samasta loka jantuoMse bharA huA hai to koI muni kaise ahiMsaka ho sakatA hai ? isa zaMkA kA uttara isa prakAra diyA hai 'mUkSmA na pratipIDyante prANinaH sthUlamUrtayaH / ye zakyAste vivaya'nte kA hiMsA saMyatAtmanaH // ' 'jIva do prakArake haiM sUkSma aura bAdara yA sthUla / jo jIva sUkSma arthAt adRzya hote haiM aura na to kisIse sakate haiM aura na kisIko rokate haiM, unheM to koI pIr3A dI ho nahIM jA sktii| rahe sthUla jIva, unameM jinakI rakSA kI jA sakatI hai unakI kI jAtI hai| ataH jisane apaneko saMyata kara liyA hai use hiMsA kA pApa kaise laga sakatA hai ? / ___ isase spaSTa hai ki jo manuSya jIvoMkI hiMsA karaneke bhAva nahIM rakhatA balki unako bacAneke bhAva rakhatA hai aura apanA pratyeka kAma aisI sAvadhAnIse karatA hai ki usase kisIko bhI kaSTa na pahu~ca sake usake dvArA jo dravyahiMsA ho jAtI hai usakA pApa use nahIM lgtaa| ataH jainadharmakI ahiMsA bhAvoMke Upara nirbhara hai aura isaliye koI bhI samajhadAra use avyavahArya nahIM kaha sktaa| manuSyase yaha AzA kI jAtI hai ki vaha apane svArthake pIche kisI bhI anya jIvako satAneke bhAva cittameM na Ane de aura apanA jIvananirvAha isa tarIkese kare

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12 cAritra 177 ki usase kamase kama jIvoMkA kamase kama ahita honA ho / jo manuSya isa taraha kI sAvadhAnI rakhanA hai vaha ahiMsaka hai / ahiMsAko vyavahArya banAneke liye jase hiMsAke dravyahiMsA aura bhAvahiMsA bheda kiye gaye haiM, vaise hI ahiMsAke bhI aneka bheda kiye gaye haiM / sabase prathama to gRhastha aura sAdhukI apekSAse ahiMsA do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta dI gaI hai| gRhasthakI ahiMsAkI sImA judI hai aura sAdhukI ahiMsAkI sImA judI hai| jo ekake liye vyavahArya hai vahI dUsareke liye avyavahArya hai, kyoMki donoMke par3ha aura uttaradAyitva vibhinna haiM / dUsare, gRhasthakI dRSTise bhI usake aneka prabheda kiye gaye haiM / yadi una sImAoM aura bheda prabhedoMko bhI dRSTimeM rakhakara jainI ahiMsAko dekhA jAye to hameM vizvAsa hai ki usapara avyAvahArikatAkA doSAropaNa naha kiyA jA sakegA / gRhasthakI ahiMsA hiMsA cAra prakArakI hotI hai-saMkalpI, udyogI, ArambhI aura virodhI / binA aparAdhake jAna bUjhakara kisI jIva kA vadha karaneko saMkalpI hiMsA kahate haiM / jaise, kasAI pazuvadha karatA hai / jIvana nirvAha ke liye vyApAra khetI Adi karane, kala kArakhAne calAne tathA saMnAmeM naukara hokara yuddha karane AdimeM jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai use udyogI hiMsA kahate haiM / sAvadhAnI rakhate hue bhI bhojana Adi banAne meM jo hiMsA ho jAtI hai use ArambhI hiMsA kahate haiM / aura apanI yA dRmaroMkI rakSA ke liye jo hiMsA karanI par3atI hai use virodhI hiMsA kahate haiM / jainadharma meM saba saMsArI jIvAMko do bhedoMmeM bA~TA gayA hai eka sthAvara aura dUsarA trasa / jainadharmake anusAra manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kIr3e makor3e Adike atirikta pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati meM bhI jIva haiN| miTTI meM kIr3e Adi jIva to

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178 jainadharma haiM hI, parantu miTTIkA DhelA svayaM pRthvIkAyika jIvake zarIrakA piNDa hai / isI taraha jalavindumeM yaMtroMke dvArA dikhAI denevAle aneka jIvoMke anirikta vaha svayaM jalakAyika jIva ke zarIrakA piNDa hai / aise hI agni Adike sambandha meM bhI samajhanA cAhiye / ina jIvoM ko sthAvara jIva kahate haiN| aura jo jIva calate phirate dikhAI dete haiM, jaise manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kIr3e, makor3e vagairaha, ve matra trasa kaha jAte haiN| ina donoM prakAra ke jIvoMmeMse gRhastha sthAvara jIvoM kI rakSAkA to yathAzakti prayatna karatA hai, aura binA jarUrata na pRthvI khAMdatA hai, na jalako kharAba karatA haiM, na Aga jalAtA hai, na havA karatA hai aura na harI sAga sabjIko yA vRkSoMko kATatA hai / tathA trasa jIvoMkI kevala saMkalpI hiMsAkA tyAga karatA hai / isa hiMsAkA tyAga kara denese usake sAMsArika jIvanameM koI kaThinAI upasthita nahIM hotI; kyoMki saMkalpI hiMsA manovinodake liye yA dUsaroMko mArakara usake mA~sakA bhakSaNa karaneke liye kI jAtI hai / kheda hai ki manuSya 'jio aura jIne do' ke siddhAntako bhulAkara dilabahalAva ke liye jaMgalameM nirdvanda vicaraNa karanevAle pazu pakSiyoMkA zikAra khelatA hai aura unake mA~sase apanA peTa bharatA hai / yadi manuSya aisA karanA chor3a de to usase usakI jIvanayAtrAmeM koI kaThinAI upasthita nahIM hotI / manuSyake dilabahalAva ke sAdhanoMkI kamI nahIM haiM aura peTa bharaneke liye pRthvIse anna aura harI sAga sabjI upajAI jA sakatI hai jisase taraha tarahake svAdiSTa bhojana taiyAra ho sakate haiM / Ajake yugameM vaijJAnika sAdhanoMse saba jagaha khAdyAnna upajAyA jA sakatA hai aura anAvazyaka jAnavaroMkI paidAyazako bhI rokA jA sakatA hai / yadi manuSya yaha saMkalpa karale ki hama apane liye kisI jIvakI hatyA na kareMge to vaha dUsarI dizAmeM aura bhI adhika unnati kara sakatA haiM / phira mAMsAhAra manuSyakA prAkRtika bhojana bhI nahIM hai,

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cAritra 179 usake dA~toM aura A~toMkI banAvaTa isakA sAkSI hai| na mA~sAhArase vaha bala aura zakti hI prApta hotI haiM jo ghI, dUdha aura phalAhArase prApta hotI hai| isake sivA mAMsAhAra tAmasika hai, usase manuSyakI mAtvika vRttiyoMkA ghAta hotA hai| isake viSayameM kAphI likhA jA sakatA hai kintu yahA~ usake liye unanA sthAna nahIM hai / isI taraha zikAra khelanA bhI manuSyakI nRzaMsanA hai / vyAghra vagairaha hiMsaka pazu bhI tabhI dUsare jAnavaroMpara AkramaNa karate haiM jaba unheM bhUkha satAtI hai| kintu manuSya unase bhI gayA bItA hai, jo Darase bhAgate hue pazuAMka pIle ghor3A daur3Akara aura bANa yA bandukakI golIse unako bhUnakara apanA dila bahalAnA hai / kucha logoMkA kahanA hai ki zikAra khelanese vIratA AtI hai, isaliye mRgayA karanA kSatriyakA kartavya hai| unhoMne zAyada karatA aura nirdayatAko vIratA samajhA hai| kintu vIratA Antarika zorya hai jo tejamvI puruSoM meM samaya mamayapara anyAya va atyAcArakA damana karaneka liya prakaTa hAnI hai / Darakara bhAgate hue mUka pazuoMke jIvanake sAtha holI khelanA zuravIratA nahIM hai, kAyaratA hai| jo esA karate haiM, ve prAyaH kAyara hote haiM / isakA pratyakSa udAharaNa hamane hindU mumlima daMgeke mamaya banArasameM dekhaa| hamAre muhAlameM adhikatara vastI mallAhoMkI hai| ve itane kara hote haiM ki bar3abar3e ghar3iyAloMko pakar3akara sAga mIkI taraha kATa DAlate haiM, aura khA jAte hai| kintu hindU-mumlima daMgaka samaya unakI kAyaratA dayanIya thii| apanI nA~voM meM baiTha baiThakara saba usa pAra bhAga gaye the aura jo zepa the ve bhI jaina vidyArthiyoMse apanI rakSA karanekI prArthanA kiyA karate the| ataH mAMsAhAra yA zikAra khelanese zUravIratAkA kAI sambandha nahIM hai| isaliye inase bacanA caahiye| isI taraha dharma samajhakara devIke sAmane bakaroM, bhasoM aura sUkaroM kA balidAna karanA bhI eka prakArakI mUr3hatA aura nRzaM

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180 jainadharma matA hai / isase devI prasanna nahIM hotI / dharmArAdhana ke sthAnoMko vRcar3akhAnA banAnA zobhA nahIM detA / ataH sabase pahile gRhasthako dharmake liye, peTake liye aura dilabahalAva ke liye kisI bhI prANIkA bAta nahIM karanA cAhiye / kucha loga kahate haiM ki jaba jainadharmake anusAra jala tathA vanaspati vagairaha bhI jIvoMkA kalevara hI hai, tatra nirAmiSa bhAMjiyoMko vanaspati vagairaha bhI nahIM khAnA cAhiye / parantu jo saptadhAtu yukta kalevara honA hai usakI ho mA~sa saMjJA hai| vanaspati meM saptadhAtu nahIM pAI jaatii| ataH usakI mA~sa saMjJA nahIM hai / isI taraha kucha loga svayaM mare hue prANIke mA~sa ke khAnemeM dopa nahIM batalAte / yaha satya hai ki jisa prANIkA vaha mA~sa hai, use mArA nahIM gayA / kintu eka to mAMsameM tatkAla aneka sUkSma jIvoMko utpatti ho jAtI hai, dUsare mA~sa bhakSaNase jo burAiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM, unase manuSya kabhI bhI nahIM baca sakatA / kahA bhI haiM-- mA~sAsvAdanalubdhasya dehino dehinaM prati / haMtuM pravartate buddhiH zakunya iva dudhiyaH // 27 // --yogazA0 / arthAt-'jisako mA~sa khAnekA casakA par3a jAtA hai, usa prANIkI buddhi duSTa pakSiyoMke samAna dUsare prANiyoM ko mAranemeM lagatI hai / ' 1 Aja mA~sa bhakSaNakA bahuta pracAra haiM usakA hI yaha phala hai ki apane svArtha ke pIche manuSya manuSyakA duzmana vanA huA haiM ekako dUsarekA vadha karate hue jarA bhI saMkoca nahIM hotA / ataH isasa bacanA cAhiye / isa taraha gRhasthako trasa jIvoMkI saMkalpI hiMsAkA tyAga jarUra karanA cAhiye | aba raha jAtI hai, udyogI ArambhI aura virodhI hiMsA / eka nIcI zreNIke gRhasthake liye unakA tyAga karanA zakya nahIM hai, kyoMki use apane kuTumbiyoM ke bharaNa

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cAritra 181 popaNake liye koI na koI udyoga aura kucha na kucha Arambha avazya karanA par3atA hai, usake vinA usakA nivAha nahIM ho sakatA / kintu use aisA hI udyoga aura Arambha karanA cAhiye jisameM dUsare prANiyoMko kamase kama kaSTa pahuMcanekI saMbhAvanA hA / isI taraha virodhI hiMsAse bhI gRhastha nahIM baca sktaa| yadyapi vaha svayaM kisIse akAraNa virodha paidA nahIM karatA, kintu yadi koI usapara AkramaNa kare to usase bacane ke liya vaha bagavara prayatna kregaa| AkramaNakArIkA sAmanA na karake Darakara ghara meM chipa jAnA ahiMsAkI nizAnI nahIM hai| uma mAnasika hiMsAsa to pratyakSa hiMsA kahIM acchI hai| jainazAnameM to spaSTa likhA hai 'nApi spaSTaH mudRSTiyaH sa maptabhi bharmanAk |'-pnycaadhyaayii| 'jainadharmakA jo saccA zraddhAnI hai vaha sAta prakAra ke bhayAMse sarvathA achUtA rahatA hai|' janadharma ke sabhI tIrthaGkara triyavaMzI the| unhoMne apane jIvana meM aneka digvijayaM kI thIM / maurva-samrATa candragupta, mahAmeghavAhana samrAT khAravela, vIra senApani cAmuNDarAya Adi jaina vIra yoddhA no bhAratIya itihAsake ujjvala ratna haiM / vastutaH jainadharma una kSatriyoMkA dharma thA jo yuddhasthalameM duimanakA sAmanA talavArase karanA jAnate the aura use kSamA karanA bhI jAnate the| jaina znatriyoMke liye Adeza hai "yaH zastravRttiHsamare ripuH syAd yaH kaNTako vA nijamaNDalasya / astrAgiA tatraiva nRpAH kSipanti na dInakAnInagubhAzayeSu // " yazastilaka. pR0 66 'astra zastrase susajjita hokara yuddhabhUmimeM jo zatru banakara AyA ho. yA apane dezakA duzmana ho usIpara rAjAgaNa astraprahAra karate haiM, kamajora, nihatthe kAyaroM aura sadAzayI puruSoMpara nhiiN|'

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182 jainadharma yahI jainI rAjanIti hai| anaH jo loga ahiMsA dharmapara kAyaratAkA lAJchana lagAte haiM. ve bhramameM haiN| ahiMsAmeM to kAyaratAke liya sthAna hI nahIM hai| ahiMsAkA to pahalA pATha hI nirbhayatA hai| nirbhayanA aura kAyaratA eka hI sthAnameM nahIM raha sakanI / jhorca AtmAkA eka guNa haiM, jaba vaha AtmAka hI dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai nava vaha ahiMsA kahalAtA hai aura jaba vaha zarIrakaM dvArA prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai taba viirtaa| jainadhamakI ahiMsA yA to vIratAkA pATha par3hAtI hai yA kSamAkA / ApattikAlameM gRhasthakA kartavya batalAte hue eka jainAcAryane likhA hai "arthAdanyatamamyoccaddiSTeSu sa dRSTimAn / satsu ghoropamargeSu tatparaH syAttadatyaye / / 812 // yadvA na hyAtmamAmarthya yAvanmaMtrAsikazakam / tAvad dRSTuM ca zrotuM ca tadbAdhAM sahate na saH ||813||"-pnycaadhyaa0 arthAt-'dharmake Ayatana jina mandira, jina bimba AdimeMse kisIpara bhI Apatti A jAnepara sacce jainIko use dUra karaneke liye sadA tatpara rahanA caahiye| athavA jabataka usake pAsa Atmabala. maMtrabala, talavArakA bala aura dhanabala hai, tabataka vaha usa Apattiko na to dekha hI sakatA hai aura na suna hI sakatA hai|' jo kucha dharmapara AI huI Apattike pratIkArake bAre meM kahA gayA hai vahI dezapara AI huI Apattike bAremeM bhI samajhanA cAhiye / ataH jo loga aisA samajhate haiM ki jainadharmakA anuyAyI menAmeM bhartI nahIM ho sakatA yA yuddha nahIM kara sakatA, ve bhramameM haiN| Ajakala jainadharmake mAnanevAle adhikAMza vaizya haiN| aura sadiyoMkI dAsatA aura utpIr3anane unheM bhI kAyara aura Darapoka banA diyA hai| yaha ahiMsAdharmakA doSa nahIM hai / jabataka bhAratapara ahiMsAdharmI jainoMkA rAjya rahA tabataka

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cAritra 183 bhArata gulAma nahIM ho skaa| ve maranA jAnate the aura samayapara mAranA bhI jAnate the| kintu raName vimukha hokara bhAganA nahIM jAnate the| prANoMke mohase karnavyacyuta honA to sabase bar3I hiMsA hai| eka bAra eka lekhakane gItAmaM pratipAdita arjuna vyAmohake sambandhameM likhA thA-"arjunakA Adarza anAryoMkA-bauddha aura jaina kA mArga hai| vaha AryAMkA-hindU jAtikA Adarza kadApi nahIM hai| hindU-jAni aise jhUTa ahiMsAke Adarzako nahIM maannii|" hama nahIM samajhate lekhakane isa Adarzako janoMkA Adarza kaise samajha liyA ? gItAse spaSTa hai ki arjuna hisAke bhayase yuddhase virata nahIM ho rahA thA kintu apane bandhu bAndhavoM aura kulakA vinAza use kartavyacyuta kara rahA thaa| arjunake hRdayameM ahiMsAkI jyoti nahIM jhalakI thI, jisake prakAzameM manuSya prANimAtrako apanA bandhu aura saMsArako apanA kuTumba mAnatA hai, usake hRdayameM to kuTumba mahine apanA sAmrAjya jamA liyA thA / ataH vaha ahiMsAkA Adarza nahIM thA / ahiMsA kartavyacyuta nahIM karanI, kintu kartavyakA bodha karAkara akanavyase bacAtI hai aura karnavyapara dRr3ha karatI hai| ataH ahiMsA na avyavahArya hai aura na kAyaratA aura nirbalatAkI jananI hai| usakI maryAdA, vyAkhyA aura zaktise jo paricita hai vaha aisA kahanekA sAhasa nahIM kara sakanA / 5. zrAvakakA cAritra jaina saMghake cAra aMga banalAya haiM-muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA / zrAvakase matalaba hai purupa gRhastha aura zrAvikAse matalaba hai strI gRhastha / jaina gRhastha zrAvaka kahe jAte haiN| jisakA apabhraMza 'sarAvagI' zabda kahIM-kahIM aba bhI pracalita hai / zrAvaka aura zrAvikAkA jaina saMghameM bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unake binA muni Azrama cala hI nahIM sakatA aura unhoMmeM

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jainadharma se to Age calakara muni hote haiN| ataH jaina gRhasthakA AcAra eka prakArase muni-AcArakA nAMvarUpa hai, usIke Upara Age calakara muni-AcArakA bhavya prAsAda khar3A hotA hai / ataH saccA jaina gRhastha eka Adarza gRhastha honA hai| janazAstroM meM ligvA hai ki gRhasthadharmakA pAlana vahI kara sakatA hai jo nyAyase dhana kamAnA hai. guNI janAMkA Adara karanA hai, mIThI vANI bolanA hai. dharma, artha aura kAmakA sevana ima rInisa karanA hai ki eka dUsarameM bAdhaka nahIM hotA, lajjAzIla hotA hai. jisakA AhAra aura vihAra donoM yukta hote haiM, sadA sajjanoMkI saMganimeM rahatA hai, aura jo zAstrajJa, kRtajJa, dayAlu, pApabhIma aura jitendriya honA ha / jisa gRhastha meM itane guNa hoM usake Adarza gRhamtha honemeM sandeha hI kyA hai ? yadi aise sadgRhastha hone lageM to yahI pRthivI mvagase bhI bar3hakara ho sakatI hai| kintu manuSyakI bholipsA aura svArthaparaka vRttiyA~ itanI prabala hAnI jAtI haiM ki vaha apane ina sabhI sadaguNoMko bhulA baiThA hai aura usakA ArAdhya kevala kAma aura artha raha gayA hai| yadi vaha dharmAcaraNa bhI karatA hai no usIkI pUrtika liya karatA hai / na use nyAyakA vicAra hai aura na anyAyakA / na use dayAse prema hai aura na pApasa bhaya / vaha indriyoMkA dAsa banA huA hai aura usIkI tuSTi ke liye saba kucha karatA rahatA hai, astu, jaina gRhasthake ATha mUla guNa hote haiM-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigrahakA ekadeza pAlana tathA mAMsa, madhu aura madirAkA sarvathA tyAga / mUla jar3ako kahate haiMye Age bar3haneke liye jar3arUpa haiM isaliye inheM mUlaguNa kahate haiM / inake binA koI jaina zrAvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 1. ahiMsANuvrata jainasiddhAMtameM jIva do prakArake batalAye haiM sthAvara aura trasa / jo jIva calate phirate haiM jaise manuSya, pazu, coMTI, laTa,

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cAritra 185 jU~ vagairaha | unheM trasa kahate haiN| aura jo jIva pRthvIrUpa haiM, jalarUpa haiM, agnirUpa haiM, vAyurUpa haiM aura vanaspatirUpa haiM unheM sthAvara kahate haiM / gRhastha sthAvara jIvoMkI hiMmAse to baca hI nahIM sakatA, use apane jIvana nirvAhake liye ina saba vastuoMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ho, sAvadhAnI unake prati bhI rakhatA hai, jaisA Age batalAyA gayA hai / aba raha jAte haiM sa | soMkI hiMsA cAra prakArakI hotI hai saMkalpI, ArambhI, udyogI aura virodhI / inameM se vaha kevala saMkalpI hiMsAkA tyAga karatA hai / inakA vizeSa vivecana pahale 'ahiMsA' ke prakaraNameM kara diyA gayA hai| zAstrakArAMne likhA hai " ityanArambhajAM jahyAd hiMsAmArambhajAM prati / vyarthasthAvarasiMhAvadyatanAmAvahed gRhI // 10 // " mAgAra dharmA0 / arthAta- 'Arambhake sivA anya kAryamaM honevAlI hiMsAko gRhastha chor3a de aura khetI Adi Arambha honevAlI hiMsAko vyartha kI sthAvara hiMsAkI taraha yathAzakti bacAnekA prayatna kareM / ' Arambha meM honevAlI hiMsAke sivA dilabahalAva ke liye, svAdake liye, camar3ake sAmAna jUte vagairaha banAneke liye aura dharmake liye jo pazuhatyA kI jAtI hai vaha saba chor3a denA cAhiye / aura jIvita pazuoMko mArakara unake tAje aura mulAyama camar3ese jo cIjeM banAI jAtI haiM unakA bhI vyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhiye; kyoMki isase unake vadhako protsAhana milatA hai / cU~ki jo gRhastha jIvana bitAnA hai usakA nirvAha binA kisI udyoga dhandheke cala nahIM sakatA, isaliye ArambhI hiMsA to eka gRhastha ke liye aparihArya hai, kintu gRhasthako aisA udyoga karanA cAhiye jisameM jIvadhAna kamase kama ho, aura utanA hI udyoga karanA cAhiye jinane se usakA nirvAha bakhUbI ho sakatA ho, kyoMki jo gRhastha thor3e Arambha aura thor3I parigraha meM santuSTa rahatA hai vahIM ahiMsA aNutratako pAla

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186 jainadharma sakanA hai| jise gatadina dhanako cintA satAtI rahatI hai, rAna dina naye-naye kala kArakhAne kholakara dhanasaMgraha karanemeM tatpara rahatA hai aura apane karmacAriyoM aura naukaroMko kamase kama dekara unase adhikase adhika kAma karAtA hai, nyAya aura anyAyakA kanaI vicAra nahIM karatA, vaha kyA khAka ahiMsAko pAla sakatA hai ? ahiMmA santApIka liya hai, asantopo kabhI ahiMsaka ho nahIM sktaa| gRhasthakA yaha kartavya batalAyA hai ki vaha apane AzritoM aura yathAzakti anAzritoMko bhI pahale bhojana karAkara taba svayaM bhojana kare / jo santoSI hogA vahI aisA kara sakatA hai / asantApI to pahale apanA peTa hI nahIM, kintu apane bhaNDArako bharanekI cintA karegA, usakI dRSTi meM to AzritoMkI cintA karanA hI bekAra hai| vaha samajhatA hai ki maiMne molabhAva karake unheM rakhA hai, hara mahIne unheM usake anusAra vetana de diyA jAtA hai| utanemeM unakA aura unake bAlabaccoMkA peTa bhare yA na bhre| itanemeM yadi ve kAma nahIM karanA cAhate hoM to na kareM hama dUsare AdamI rakha leMge / bAjArameM AdamiyoMkI kamI nahIM hai| aise vicAravAlA manuSya korA vyApArI hai kintu ahiMsaka vyApArI nahIM hai| ahiMsaka vyApArI to vaha hai jo apanI hI taraha apane AzritoMkI bhI cintA karatA hai aura unake Upara jo julma na karake unheM samayapara bharapeTa bhojana detA hai aura utanA hI kAma letA hai jitanA ve kara sakate hoN| yaha bAta apane Azrita manuSyoM aura pazuoM donoMke sambandhameM samAnarUpase lAgU hotI hai| jaina zAstrakAroMne ahiMsA aNuvratake pA~ca dIpa batalAye haiM aura unase vacate rahanekI tAkIda kI hai| ve doSa isa prakAra haiM 1. bure irAdese manuSya aura pazuoMko rassI vagairahase bA~dhanA / naukara cAkaroMko to gussemeM Akara mAlika loga ba~dhavA DAlate haiM, kintu pAlatU pazu to vinA bAMdhe raha nahIM

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cAritra 187 sakate / isaliye unako isa tarahase bA~dhanA cAhiye ki yadi kabhI gharameM Aga laga jAye to ve bandhana chur3Akara bhAga skeN| 2. krUratA pUrvaka DaNDa yA kor3ase pITanA / / 3. nirdaya hokara hAtha, paira, kAna, nAka vagairahakA kATa DAlanA / kintu yadi kisI pA yA manuSyake zarIrakA koI avayava sar3a gayA ho yA zarIra meM phor3A ho gayA ho to usake kATane yA cIrane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| 4. gumse meM Akara yA lobhase manuSya yA pAke Upara umako zaktise jyAdA bojhA lAdanA yA zaktise adhika kAma lenaa| zrAvakako cAhiye ki manuSya jitanA bojhA mvayaM uThAkara le jA sake aura utAra kara nIce rakha sake utanA hI bojhA usase uThavAye aura rakhavAye / isI taraha caupAyA jitanA bojhA lAdakara acchI taraha cala sake utanA hI usapara lAde / umameM bhI mamaya kA dhyAna avazya rakhe / ucita samaya taka ho unase kAma lenA cAhiye / yadi zrAvaka khetI karatA ho to hala aura gAr3I vargarahameM bailoMko samayase jote aura samayase khola de| zaktise adhika kAma lenA bhI hiMsA hI hai| 5. bhUkha pyAsase pIr3ita prANI mara bhI jAtA hai isaliye khAnA kisIkA bhI na rokanA caahiye| yadi kisIne aparAdha kiyA ho to use DATaneke liya mu~hase yaha cAhe kaha de ki Aja tujhe bhojana nahIM milaMgA, kintu bhojanakA samaya Anepara to niyamase dUsaroMko khilAkara hI svayaM khAnA cAhiye / hA~, yadi koI apanA Azrita vImAra ho yA usane svayaM hI upavAsa kiyA ho to bAta dUsarI hai| ataH zrAvakako isa bAtakA barAvara dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki ahiMsAtratameM dopa na Ane pAye / yadi ahiMsAvatI zrAvaka apane AzritoMke sAtha aisA premamaya vyavahAra rakhe to use isase Arthika dRSTise bhI lAbha hI rahegA, kyoMki premamaya vyavahArase karmacArIgaNa usake kAmako apanA samajhakara dila lagAkara kAma kareMge aura usake hAni-lAbhako

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188 jainadharma apanA hAni-lAbha gineNge| isa taraha se ahiMsAmUlaka vyavahAra svArtha aura paramArtha donoM hI dRSTise lAbhadAyaka haiM / yadi jamIMdAra aura milamAlika apane Azrita kisAnoM aura majadUroMke sAtha aisA hI premamaya vyavahAra karate Ate to Aja una donoM meM jo khIMcAtAnI calatI rahatI hai vaha utanA kaTurUpa dhAraNa na karanI aura na jamIMdArI aura kala kArakhAnoMpara sarakArI niyaMkI bAta hI paidA hotI / astu / rAtribhojana Ara jalagAlana I ahiMsAvatI zrAvakako rAnameM bhojana nahIM karanA cAhiye aura pAnI bhI kapar3e se chAnakara kAmameM lenA cAhiye | rAnameM bhojana karaneke duSpariNAma prAyaH samAcArapatroM meM prakaTa hote rahate haiM / kahIM cAyakI keTalI meM chipakalIke cura jAneke kAraNa cAya pInevAle manuSyoMkA maraNa sunane meM AtA hai. kabhI kisI dAvana meM pakate hue baratana meM sA~pake baMdha jAneke kAraNa manuSyoMkA maraNa sunana meM AtA hai / prativarSa isa taraha kI do cAra ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI rahatI hai. magara phira bhI manuSyoMkI A~kheM nahIM khulatI / bhojana hamezA dinake prakAza meM hI dekha bhAlakara karanA cAhiye / rAtri meM tejase teja prakAzakA prabandha honepara bhI eka to utanA spaSTa dikhalAI nahIM denA, jitanA dina meM dikhalAI detA hai / dUsare. sUrya ke prakAzameM jo jIva jantu idhara udhara jA chipate haiM. rAtri hote hI ve saba apane apane khAdyakI khoja meM nikala par3ate haiM, kRtrima prakAza unheM roka nahIM sakatA, balki adhika teja prakAzase pataMge vagairaha aura bhI adhika Ate haiN| khAnevAlA bhojana karatA jAtA hai aura pataMge vagairaha Tapa Tapa girate haiM / rAtriko halavAIkI dUkAnapara jAkara dekheM | nIce bhaTTIpara dUdhakI kar3AhI car3hI hotI hai aura Upara bijalI ke balvapara pataMge maMDarAte rahate haiM aura kar3AhI meM gira girakara pInevAloMke liye malAIkA lacchA banAnekA kAma karate rahate haiM /

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cAritra 189 pAsa hI chipakalI unake zikAra ke liye lapakatI rahatI hai, jo kabhI-kabhI dUdhameM bhI jA par3atI hai| eka bAra isI taraha ke dUdhako jamA diyA gyaa| subaha ko jisane usa dUdha dahIkI lammI pI usIkI hAlata kharAba ho gii| pIche dahI ke kuMDameM nIce chipakalI marI huI pAI gaI / yadi bhojanameM jU~ khA lI jAye to jalodara roga ho jAtA hai aura makar3I khA lI jAye to kuSTha ho jAtA hai / tathA vaidyakazAstra ke anusAra bhI bhojana karaneke tIna ghaMTe ke pazcAta jaba khAye hue bhojanakA paripAka hone lage taba zayyApara sonekA vidhAna hai / jo loga rAtrimeM bhojana karate haiM ve prAyaH bhojana karake par3a rahate haiM aura viSayabhogameM laga jAte haiN| isase svAsthyakI bar3I hAni hotI hai| ataH nIrogatAkI dRSTise bhI dina meM hI bhojana karanA hitakara hai| isI taraha pAnI bhI hamezA chAnakara hI kAma meM lAnA cAhiye | binA chane pAnI meM yadi kIr3e hoM to ve peTameM jAkara aneka saMkrAmaka roga paidA karate haiN| jaba haijA vagairaha phailA hotA hai taba pAnIko pakAkara pInekI salAha dI jAtI hai / vAstava meM pakA huA pAnI kabhI bhI vikAra nahIM karatA / jaina sAdhu pakA pAnI hI kAma meM lAte haiM / kintu jaina gRhasthoMko pake pAnIkA to niyama nahIM karAyA jAnA, kintu chane pAnIkA niyama karAyA jAtA hai / anachane pAnIse chanA pAnI sApha hotA haiM aura chane pAnIse pakA pAnI zuddha hotA hai / Ajakala to jagaha-jagaha nala lage hue haiM / kintu nalIMkA pAnI bhI chAnakara hI kAma meM lenA cAhiye; kyoMki naloMke pAnI meM bhI jaMga miTTI vagairaha milI AtI haiM, jo kapar3epara jama jAtI hai| eka bAra to sA~pakA baccA kahIMse nalameM A gayA thA / ata: cAhe nalakA pAnI ho yA ku~ekA ho yA nadIkA ho, sabako chAnakara hI kAmameM lenA cAhiye / isase hama aneka rogoM aura kaSToM se baca jAte haiN| eka bAra samAcA patrameM murAdAbAda jilekI eka caTanA prakAzita huI thI / eka lar3akA rAnako khATake naye pAnI rakha

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190 jainadharma kara so gayA / usameM bicchu gira gyaa| acAnaka lar3akeko rAta meM pyAsa lagI aura usane binA dekhe hI gilAsa uThAkara mu~ha se lagA liyA / bicchu usake mu~ha meM calA gayA aura usake halaka meM cipaTa kara DaMka mArane lagA / lar3akA tilamilA uThA / bahuta upacAra kiyA gayA magara bicchU chur3AyA na jA sakA / Akhira lar3akene tar3apa-tar3apha kara jAna de dii| aisI Akasmika durghaTanAoMse zikSA lenA cAhiye aura rAtribhojana tathA vinA chane pAnI se bacanA cAhiye / dhArmika viSayoM meM kevala dharmakI hI maryAdA nahIM hai, unameM vyakti aura samAjakA sAmUhika hina bhI chipA huA haiM / 2. satyANuvrata jo 'vastu jaisI dekhI ho yA sunI ho, usako vaisA hI na kahanA lokameM asatya kahalAtA hai / parantu jainadharma meM satya svayaM koI svatantra vrata nahIM hai, kintu ahiMsA kI rakSA karanA hI usakA lakSya hai / isaliye jainadharma meM jo vacana dUsaroMko kaSTa pahu~cAne ke uddezyase bolA jAtA hai vaha satya honepara bhI asatya kahalAtA hai / jaise, kAne purupako kAnA kahanA yadyapi satya haiM, kintu yadi usase usa manuSyake dilako coTa pahu~catI haiM, yA yadi use coTa pahu~cAneke vicArase kAnA kahA jAtA hai| to vaha asatya meM hI ginA jAyegA / isI dRSTise yadi satya bolane se kisIke prANoMpara saMkaTa bana AtA ho to usa avasthAmeM satya bolanA bhI burA kahA jAyegA / kintu aise samaya meM asatya bolakara kisIke prANoMkI rakSA karanese yadi usake julma aura atyAcAroMse dUsaroMke prANoMpara saMkaTa Ane kI saMbhAvanA ho to ukta niyamameM apavAda bhI ho sakatA haiM; kyoMki yadyapi vyaktike jIvanakI rakSA iSTa hai, kintu vyaktike julma aura atyAcAroMkI rakSA kisI bhI avasthAmeM iSTa nahIM haiM / aura atyAcAroMke parizodhake liye vyakti yA vyaktiyoMkI jAna le

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cAritra 191 lenekI apekSA unakA mudhAra kara denA ati uttama hai, kintu yadi yaha zakya na ho to anyAya aura atyAcArako sahAyatA denA to kabhI bhI ucita nahIM hai| magara vyakti sudhara sakatA hai aura isaliye use avasara avazya denA cAhiye / prANarakSAke liya asatya bolaneke mUlameM yahI bhAva hai| ____ asatya vacanake aneka bheda haiM, jaise-1-manupyake viSayameM jhUTha bolnaa| zAdI vivAhake avasaroMpara virodhiyoMke dvArA isa tarahake jhUTha bolanekA prAyaH calana hai / virodhI loga vivAha na hone deneke liye kisIkI kanyAko dRSaNa lagA dete haiM, kisIke lar3akemeM burAiyA~ banalA dete haiN| 2-caupAyoMke viSayameM jhUTha bolanA / jaise, thor3A dUdha denevAlI gAyako bahuta dUdha denevAlI batalAnA yA bahuta dUdha denevAlI gAyako thor3A dUdha denevAlI batalAnA / 3-acetana vastuoMke viSayameM jhUTha bolnaa| jaise, dUsarekI jamInako apanI batalAnA yA Taiksa vagairahase bacaneke liye apanI jamInako dUsarekI batalAnA / 4-lA~cake lobhase yA ISA honese kisI saccI ghaTanAke viruddha gavAhI denaa| 5-apane pAsa rakhI huI kisIkI dharoharake sambandhameM asatya bolnaa| ye aura isa taraha ke anya jhUTha vacana gRhasthako nahIM bolanA cAhiye / inase manupyakA vizvAsa jAtA rahatA hai aura anAcArako bhI protsAhana milatA hai, tathA jinake vipayameM jhUTha bolA gayA hai unheM duHkha pahu~canA hai aura ve jIvanake vairI bana jAte haiN| jo loga kAravAra majagArameM adhika jhUTha bolate haiM aura saJcA vyavahAra nahIM rakhate, bAjArameM bhI unakI mAkha jAtI rahatI hai| loga unheM jhuThA samajhane lagate haiM aura unase lena dena naka banda kara dete haiN| bahunase loga jhuTa bolanekI Adata na honepara bhI kabhI-kabhI krodhameM Akara jhUTha bola jAte haiM, kucha loga lobhameM phaMsakara jhUTha bola jAte haiM, kucha loga pulisa vagairahake Darase jhUTha bola jAte haiM aura kucha loga haMsI majAkameM jhUTha bola jAte haiM / ataH

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192 jainadharma satyavAdIko krodha, lAlaca aura bhayase bhI bacanA cAhiye aura ha~sI majAka ke samaya to ekadama sAvadhAna rahanA cAhiye; kyoMki ha~sI majAkameM jhUTha bolanese lAbha to kucha bhI nahIM hotA, ulaTe jhagar3A TaMTA bar3ha jAnekA hI bhaya rahatA hai aura Aina bhI bigar3atI hai / 3. acauryANuvrata jo manuSya cuganeka abhiprAyase dUsarekI eka tRNa mAtra vastuko bhI letA hai yA uThAkara dUsare ko de detA hai vaha cora hai, aura jo isa taraha kI corIkA tyAga kara detA hai vaha zrAvaka acauryANutratI kahA jAtA hai| kintu jo vastue~ sarvasAdhAraNa ke upayogake liye haiM, jaise, pAnI miTTI vagairaha, unako vaha binA kisIse pUche le sakatA hai, isI taraha jisa kuTumbIke dhanakA uttarAdhikAra use prApta hai, yadi vaha mara jAye to usakA dhana bhI le sakatA hai / kintu usakI jIvita avasthAmeM unakA dhana chIna lenA corI hI kahA jAyegA / yadi kabhI apanI hI vastu meM yaha saMdeha ho jAye ki ye merI hai yA nahIM ? to jabataka vaha sandeha dUra na ho taba taka usa vastuko nahIM apanAnA cAhiye / tathA corIko burA samajhakara chor3a denevAloMko nIce likhe kArya bhI nahIM karanA cAhiye / 1 - kisI corako svayaM yA dUsareke dvArA corI karanekI preraNA karanA aura karAnA yA usakI prazaMsA karanA / tathA kaMcI vagairaha corIke aujAroMko becanA yA coroMko apanI ora se denA / jaise, 'tuma bekAra kyoM baiThe ho ? yadi tumhAre pAsa khAneko nahIM hai to maiM detA hU~ / yadi tumhAre curAye hue mAlakA koI kharIdAra nahIM hai to maiM use veca dU~gA / isa prakArake vacanAMse coroMko corImeM lagAnA bhI eka taraha se corI hI hai / 2 - corIkA mAla khriidnaa| jo loga aisA kAma karate haiN|

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cAritra 193 ve samajhate haiM ki hama to vyApAra karate haiM, corI nahIM karate / kintu corIkA mAla kharIdanevAlA bhI cora hI samajhA jAtA hai, tabhI to aisA dena-lena chipakara hotA hai| 3-vATa tarAjU gaja vagairaha kamatI yA bar3hatI rkhnaa| kamatIse tolakara dUsaroMko denA aura bar3hatIse tolakara svayaM lenaa| 4-kisI vastumeM kama kImatakI samAna vastu milAkara becnaa| jaise, dhAnyameM marA huA dhAnya, ghImeM carbI, hIMgameM khaira, telameM mUtra, khare sone cAMdImeM milAvaTI sonA cAMdI Adi milAkara becnaa| vyApArI samajhatA hai ki aisA karake maiM corI nahIM kara rahA hU~ yaha to vyApArakI eka kalA hai, kintu usakA aisA samajhanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki ima narahake vyavahArase vaha dUsaroMko ThagatA hai aura aisA karanA nindanIya hai| 5-gajyameM gar3abar3a utpanna honepara vastuoMkA mUlya bar3hA denA, jaisA yuddhake jamAnemeM kiyA gayA thaa| yA eka rAjyake nivAsIkA chipakara dUsare gajyameM praveza karanA aura yahA~kA mAla vahA~ le jAnA yA vahA~kA mAla yahA~ laanaa| isI taraha beTikiTa yAtrA karanA. cuMgI mahasUla Ayakara vagairaha chipAnA, isa tarahake kArya corI hI samajhe jAte haiN| ataH inase bacanA caahiye| ___ Upara jo bAteM banalAI gaI haiM yadyapi ve vyApArako lekara hI batalAI gaI haiM, kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki corIke kAma vyApArI hI karate haiM aura rAjA yA usake karmacArI nahIM karate / yadi ve bhI rAjyameM corI karavAe~, corIkA mAla kharIdeM, coroMse lA~ca ghUsa vasUla kareM, rAjAkI orase vastuoMkI kharIda honepara kamatI bar3hatI haiM leM, aura apane rAjya yA dezake viruddha kAma kareM to ve bhI corIke dopake bhAgIdAra kahe jaayeNge| vAstavameM dhana manuSyakA prANa hai, ataH jo kisIkA dhana haratA hai vaha usake prANa haratA hai| yaha samajha kara kisIko kisIkI corI nahIM karanI caahiye|

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dharma 4. brahmacaryANuvrata kAmavAsanA eka roga hai aura usakA pratikAra bhoga nahIM hai / bhogase to yaha roga aura bhI adhika bar3hatA hai / kintu jinake cittameM yaha bAta nahIM jamatI, yA jamanepara bhI jo apanI kAmavAsanAko rokanemeM asamartha haiM unheM cAhiye ki ve apanI vivAhitA patnImeM hI santoSa rakkheM / isakA nAma brahmacaryANutrata haiM / brahmacaryANuvratI apanI patnIke sivA jitanI bhI striyA~ haiM, cAhe ve vivAhitA hoM, avivAhitA hoM athavA vezyA hoM, unase ramaNa nahIM karatA hai aura na dUsaroMse hI aisA karAtA haiN| aisA na karanekA kAraNa ijjata AbarUkA savAla nahIM hai, kintu isa kAmako vaha antaHkaraNase pApa samajhatA hai / jo kevala apanI mAna pratiSThAke bhaya se aise kAryoMse bacatA hai, vaha aise kAryoMko burA nahIM samajhatA aura isaliye jahA~ use apanI mAna pratiSThA jAnekA bhaya nahIM rahatA, vahA~ vaha aise anAcAra kara baiThatA hai| aura kara baiThanepara kabhI-kabhI dhokhemeM mAnapratiSThA bhI gavA~ detA hai / kintu jo aise kAryoMko pApa samajhatA hai vaha sadA unase bacA rahatA haiM / isaliye pApa samajhakara hI unase bace rahane meM hita hai / parastrIgamana aura vezyAgamanakI burAiyA~ naba koI jAnate haiM, magara phira bhI manuSya apanI vAsanApara kAbU na rakha sakaneke kAraNa anAcAra kara baiThate haiM / aneka yuvaka choTe lar3akoMke sAtha kutsita kAma kara baiThate haiM aura apane tathA dUsaroMke jIvanako dhUlameM milA dete haiN| kucha hastamaithunake dvArA apanI kAmavAsanAko tRpta karate haiM / ye kAma to parakhIgamana aura vezyAgamanase bhI adhika nindanIya haiN| AjakalakI zikSAkA lakSa isa tarahake anAcAroMko rokanekI ora kataI nahIM rahA hai / zikSArthI apanA jIvana kaise bitAtA haiM koI zikSaka yA prabandhaka idhara dhyAna nahIM detA / saba jagaha zikSAko bhI khAnApUrti kI jAne lagI hai| jo ese anAcAroMmeM par3a jAte haiM ve apane aura dUsaroMke AtmA aura zarIra donoMkA hI ghAta karate 194

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cAritra 194 haiM aura isaliye ve kisI bhI hiMsakase kama nahIM haiN| ataH jo apanI AdhyAtmika aura laukika unnati karanA cAhate haiM aura cAhate haiM ki samAjameM isa tarahakA anAcAra na phaile, unheM kAmavAsanAkA kendra kevala apanI patnIko hI banAnA cAhiye aura usake sivA saMsArakI samasta striyoMko apanI mAtA bahina yA putrI samajhanA cAhiye tathA choTe lar3akoMko apanA bhAI samajhakara unnata banAnA cAhiye / patnIko kAmavAsanAkA kendra banAnese koI yaha na samajheM ki ekapatnIvrata yA vivAha aniyaMtrita kAmAcArakA sarTiphikeTa hai / vaha to kAmarogako zAnta karane kI auSadhi hai / stambhaka aura uttejaka auSadhiyoMke dvArA rogako bar3hAkara strIrUpI auSadhi kA sevana karanA to auSadhike sAtha atyAcAra karanA hai / aise atyAcArake phalasvarUpa ho Ajakala vivAhita lar3ake aura lar3akiyA~ kSaya rogase grasta hokara akAlameM hI kAlake gAla meM cale jAte ha / ataH aniyaMtrita kAmAcAra bhI AdhyAtmika aura zArIrika svAsthyako caupaTa kara detA hai, isaliye usase bhI bacanA hI cAhiye / pratyeka sadgRhasthako nIce likhI bAtoMse bacanekI salAha dI gaI hai 1 - durAcAriNI striyoM se bacate raho / 2 - mu~ha se ailIla bAteM mata ko / 3 - zaktise adhika kAma sevana mata karo / 4aprAkRtika maithunase baco / 5 - aura dUsaroMke vaivAhika sambandhoM ke jhagar3e meM mata pdd'o| jo bAteM puruSoMke lie kahI gaI haiM ve hI striyoMke liye bhI haiN| striyoMkA bhI para-puruSa aura adhika kAmAcAra se bacanA cAhiye, aura 'apaneko saMyata rakhanekI ceSTA karanA cAhiye / 5. parigraha parimANavrata strI, putra, ghara, sonA Adi vastuoMmeM 'ye merI haiM' isa taraha

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196 jainadharma kA jo mamatva rahatA hai, usa mamatva pariNAmako parigraha kahate haiN| aura mamatvako ghaTAkara una vastuoMke ghaTAneko parigraha parimANavrata kahate haiM / lokameM to rupayA paisA jamIna jAyadAda hI parigraha kahalAtA hai / kintu vAstava meM to manuSyakA mamatvabhAva parigraha hai / ina bAhirI cIjoMko to usa mamatvakA kAraNa honese parigraha kahA jAtA hai| yadi bAhirI cIjoMko hI parigraha mAnA jAyegA to jina asaMkhya logoMke pAsa kucha bhI nahIM, kintu unake cittameM bar3I-bar3I AkAMkSAe~ haiM ve saba aparigrahI kahalAyeMge / kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai| saccA aparigrahI vahI hai jisake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM hai aura na jisake cittameM kisI cIjakI cAha hI hai; kyoMki cAha honepara manuSya parigrahakA saMcaya kiye binA raha sktaa| aura saMcayako vRtti AnaMdara nyAya anyAya aura yukta ayuktakA vicAra nahIM rahatA / phira to manuSya dhanakA kor3A bana jAtA hai, vaha dhanakA svAmI na rahakara usakA dAsa ho jAtA hai / dravya dAna karake bhI usase usakA mamatva nahIM chUTatA / use vaha apane pAsa hI rakhanA cAhatA hai / use bhaya rahatA hai ki usake diye hue dravyako koI har3apa na jAye / vaha cAhatA haiM ki usase usakI khUba kIrti ho, loga usakA guNagAna kareM, usake doSoMpara paradA DAla diyA jAye, akhabAroMmeM usakI khUba bar3AI chApI jaaye| yaha sava mamatvabhAvakA hI phala haiN| usase chuTakArA mile binA parigrahase chuTakArA nahIM mila sktaa| dekhA jAtA hai ki jaba taka hama kisI vastuko apanI nahIM samajhate tabataka usake bhale burese na hameM prasannatA hotI hai aura na raMja / kintu jyoMhI kisI vastumeM 'yaha hamArI hai' aisI bhAvanA ho jAtI haiM tyAMhI manuSya usakI cintAmeM par3a jAtA hai| isalie mamatva hI parigraha hai / usako kama kiye binA parigraharUpI pApase chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA / jaise rupayA vagairaha bAhya parigraha haiM vaise hI kAma, mada, moha Adi bhAva abhyantara parigraha haiM / bAhya parigrahake krodha,

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cAritra 197 samAna hI ina Amtara parigrahoM ko bhI ghaTAnA cAhiye / parigrahako ghaTAnekA eka hI upAya hai ki manuSya apanI AvazyakatAoMko dhyAna meM rakhakara rupayA paisA jamIna jAyadAda vagairaha sabhI oMko eka maryAdA niyata kara le ki isase jyAdA maiM apane pAsa nahIM rakhU~gA / aisA karanese usake pAsa anAvazyaka dravyakA saMgraha bhI nahIM ho sakegA; aura AvazyakatA ke anusAra dravya usake pAsa honese svayaM use bhI koI kaSTa na hogA / sAtha hI sAtha bahuta mI vyartha kI hAya hAyase bhI baca jAyegA aura apanA jIvana sukha aura santoSake sAtha vyatIta kara sakegA / Aja duniyA meM jo Arthika viSamatA phailI huI hai usakA kAraNa manuSyakI anAvazyaka saMcayavRtti hI hai| yadi sabhI manuSya apanI-apanI AvazyakatAke anusAra hI vastuoMkA saMcaya kareM aura anAvazyaka saMgrahako samAjake una dUsare vyaktiyoMko sauMpa deM jinako usakI AvazyakatA hai to Aja duniyAmeM jitanI azAnti macI huI hai utanI na rahe aura sampattike ba~TabArekA jo prazna Aja duniyAke sAmane upasthita hai, vaha binA kisI kAnUnake svayaM hI bahuta kucha aMzoMmeM hala ho jAye / duniyAkI aniyaMtrita icchAko lakSya karake jainAcArya zrI guNabhadra svAmIne saMsArake prANiyoMko sambodhana karate hue kahA hai " AzAgartaH pratiprANi yasmin vizvamaNUpamam - 1 kasya ki kiyadAyAti vRthA vo vipayaipitA // 36 // " - AtmAnu0 | 'pratyeka prANImeM AzAkA itanA bar3A gar3hA hai. jisameM yaha vizva aNuke barAbara hai| aisI sthitimeM yadi isa vizvakA baiTavArA kiyA jAye to kisake hissemeM kitanA AyegA ? ataH saMsArake tRSNAlu prANiyoM ! tumhArI viSayoMkI cAha vyartha hI hai|' ataH pratyeka zrAvakako vizvakI sampatti aura usakI cAha

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198 jainadharma meM tar3apanevAle asaMkhya prANiyoMkA vicAra karake dhanakI tRSNAse virata hI rahanA cAhiye; kyoMki nyAyakI kamAIse manuSya jIvana nirvAha kara sakatA hai kintu dhanakA aTUTa bhaNDAra ekatra nahIM kara sktaa| aTUTa bhaNDAra to pApakI kamAIse hI bharatA hai, jaisA ki unhIM guNabhadrAcAryane kahA hai zuddhardhanavivardhante satAmapi na sampadaH / na hi svacchAmbubhiH pUrNAH kadAcidapi siMdhavaH // 45 // " AtmAnu0 / 'sajjanoMkI bhI sampatti zuddha nyAyopArjita dhanase nahIM bddh'tii| kyA kabhI nadiyoMko svaccha jalase paripUrNa dekhA gayA hai|' - nadiyA~ jaba bhI bharatI haiM to varSAke gaMde pAnIse hI bharatI haiM, usI taraha dhanakI vRddhi bhI nyAyakI kamAIse nahIM hotii| ataH Avazyaka dhanakA parimANa karake manuSyako anyAyakI kamAIse bacanA caahiye| isase vaha svayaM sukhI rahegA aura dUsare loga bhI usake duHkhake kAraNa nahIM bnge| - isa vratake bhI pA~ca doSa haiM, jinase bacanA cAhiye / 1-lobhameM Akara manuSya aura pazuoMse zaktise adhika kAma lenaa| 2-dhAnya vagairaha Age khUba munAphA degA isa lobhase dhAnyAdikakA adhika saMgraha karanA, jaisA yuddhakAlameM kiyA gayA thaa| 3-isa tarahake dhAnya-saMgrahako thor3e lAbhase beMca denepara yA dhAnyakA saMgraha hI na karanepara yA dUsaroMko dhAnya-saMgrahase adhika lobha hotA huA dekhakara khedakhinna honaa| 4-paryApta lAbha uThAnepara bhI usase adhika lAbhakI icchA krnaa| 5-aura adhika lAbha hotA huA dekhakara dhanAdikakI kI huI maryAdAko bar3hA lenaa| zrAvakake bheda zrAvakake tIna bheda haiM-pAkSika, naiSThika aura sAdhaka / jo eka dezase hiMsAkA tyAga karake zrAvaka dharmako svIkAra karatA

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cAritra 199 hai use pAkSika zrAvaka kahate haiN| jo niraticAra zrAvaka dharmakA pAlana karatA hai use naiSThika zrAvaka kahate haiN| aura jo dezacAritrako pUrNa karake apanI AtmAkI sAdhanAmeM lIna ho jAtA hai, * use sAdhaka zrAvaka kahate haiN| arthAt prArambhika dazAkA nAma pAkSika hai, madhyadazAkA nAma naiSThika hai aura pUrNadazAkA nAma sAdhaka hai / isa taraha avasthA bhedase zrAvakake tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM / inakA vizeSa paricaya nIce diyA jAtA hai / pAkSika zrAvaka pAkSika zrAvaka pahale kahe gaye ATha mRla guNoMkA pAlana karatA hai| uttarakAlameM ATha mUla guNoMmeM pA~ca aNuvratoMke sthAnameM pA~ca kSIriphaloMko liyA gayA hai| jisa vRkSameMse dUdha nikalatA hai use bhIrivRkSa va udumbara kahate haiM / udumbarakA phaloMmeM jantu pAye jAte haiN| isIse amarakoSameM udumbara eka nAma jantuphala bhI hai aura eka nAma 'hemadugdhaka' hai, kyoMki usameMse nikalanevAle dUdhakA raMga pIlepanako liye hue hotA hai / pIpala, vaTa, pilakhana, gUlara aura kAka udumbarI ina pA~ca prakArake vRkSoMke phaloMko nahIM khAnA cAhiye, kyoMki inameM sAkSAt jantu pAye jAte haiN| per3ase girate hI gUlarake phUTa jAnepara usameMse ur3ate hue jantuoMko hamane svayaM dekhA hai / ataH aise phaloMko nahIM khAnA cAhiye tathA madya, mA~sa aura madhuse bacanA caahiye| pratyeka pAkSikako itanA to kamase kama karanA hI caahiye| likhA hai 'pippalodumbaraplakSavaTaphalguphalAnyadan / hantyANi prasAn guSkANyapi svaM rAgayogataH ||13||-saagaardhrmaa| 'pIpala, gUlara, pilakhana, vaTa aura kAka udumbarIke hare phaloMko jo khAtA hai vaha trasa arthAt calate phirate hue jantuoMkA ghAta karatA hai; kyoMki una phaloMke andara aise jantu pAye

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jainadharma jAte haiM / aura jo unheM sukhAkara khAtA hai, vaha unameM ati Asakti honeke kAraNa apanI AtmAkA ghAta karatA hai / ' ataH prAthamika zrAvakako isa taraha ke phala nahIM khAnA cAhiye / tathA rAtako bhojana nahIM karanA cAhiye aura sadA pAnIko chAnakara kAma meM lAnA cAhiye / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahma aura parigraha ke chor3anekA yathAzakti abhyAsa karanA cAhiye / tathA juA, vezyA, zikAra, parastrI vagairaha vyasanoMse bhI bacate rahanekA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye / pratidina jina mandirameM jAkara arhantadevakI pUjA karanI cAhiye, guruoM kI sevA karanI cAhiye, supAtroMko dAna denA cAhiye / tathA anya bhI jo dhArmika kRtya haiM, tathA loka meM khyAti karAnevAle kArya haiM, unheM karate rahanA cAhiye / jaise, dAna aura anAthoMke liye bhojanazAlA aura auSadhAlayoMkI vyavasthA karanA cAhiye, apane putra aura putrIko yogya vanAkara supAtra ke sAtha unakA sambandha karanA cAhiye / Adi, 200 naiSThika zrAvaka naiSThika zrAvakake 11 darje haiN| ye darje isa kramase rakhe gaye haiM ki unapara dhIre-dhare car3ha karake koI bhI zrAvaka apanI AdhyAtmika unnati karatA huA apane jIvanake antima lakSa taka pahu~ca sakatA haiM / ina 11 darjoMkA, jinheM jainasiddhAntameM 11 pratimAe~ kahate haiM, saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra haiM 1. darzanika - pAkSika zrAvakakA jo AcAra pahale batalAyA haiM, usake pAlana karanese jisakA zraddhAna dRr3ha aura vizuddha ho gayA hai, saMsAra ke kAraNa bhogoMse jo virakta ho calA haiM arthAt iSTa viSayoMkA sevana karate hue bhI unameM jisakI Asakti nahIM hai, jisakA citta sadA pA~ca parameSThiyoMke caraNoMmeM lIna rahatA hai, jo ATha mUla guNoMmeM koI bhI doSa nahIM lagAtA aura Ageke guNoMko prApta karaneke liye utsuka rahatA hai tathA bharaNa poSaNake

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cAritra 201 liye nyAya tarIkoMse AjIvikA karatA hai, usa zrAvakako darzanika kahate haiM / darzanika zrAvaka madya, mAMsa vagairahakA na kevala sevana nahIM karatA, kintu na unakA vyApAra vagairaha svayaM karatA hai na dUsaroMse karAtA hai aura na aise kAmoMmeM kisIko apanI sammati hI detA hai| jo strI puruSa zarAba vagairaha pIte haiM unake sAtha khAna pAna Adi vyavahAra bhI nahIM rakhatA, kyoMki aisA karanese madya vagairahake sevanakA prasaMga upasthita ho sakatA hai| camar3eke pAtrameM rakhA huA ghI, tela yA pAnI kAmameM nahIM lAtA / jisa bhojanapara phuI A jAtI hai, yA svAda bigar3a jAtA hai use nahIM khAnA / jima phana yA sAga sabjose vaha paricita nahIM hai use nahIM khAnA / sUryAdaya honeke eka muharna bAdase sUryAsta honeke eka muhUrna pahale taka ho apanA khAna-pAna karatA hai / pAnIko zuddha mApha vastrase chAnakara hI kAmameM lAtA hai| juA nahIM khelatA aura na saTTebAjI hI karatA hai / vezyAkA sevana to dUra rahA, usase kisI bhI tarahakA sambandha nahIM rakhatA, na vezyAvAToMkI saira hI karatA hai| mukadamA vagairaha lar3Akara kisIkA dravya yA jAyadAda har3apa karanekI koziza nahIM krtaa| zikAra khelanA to dUra rahA, citra vagairahameM aMkina jIva jantuoMkA bhI chedana bhedana nahIM krtaa| parakhIse ramaNa karanA to dUra rahA, kanyAke mAtA pitAko AjJAke binA kisI kanyAse vivAha bhI nahIM krtaa| jisa kAmako burA samajhakara svayaM chor3a detA hai, dUsaroMse bhI use nahIM karAtA / saMkalpI hiMsAkA tyAga kara detA hai / aura utanA hI Arambha-kRSi vagairaha karatA hai jitanA svayaM kara sakatA hai| kyoMki dRmaroMsa karAnese vyavahArameM vaha ahiMsakapanA nahIM raha sakatA, jisakA usane vrata liyA hai| apanI patnIse bhI utanA hI bhoga karanA hai, jitanA karanA zarIra aura manake saMtApakI zAntike liye Avazyaka hai, tathA usakA uddezya kevala santAnotpAdana hI hotA hai| santAna honepara use yogya aura sadAcArI banAnekA pUrA prayatna karatA hai, kyoMki

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202 janadhamaM yogya santAna ke hone para hI apanI vRddhAvasthAmeM usapara gharabArakA bhAra sauMpakara gRhastha Atmonnatike mArga meM laga sakatA hai| ye saba darzanika zrAvakake kartavya haiM / 2. tratika - jisakA samyagdarzana aura pahale kahe gaye AThamUlaguNa paripUrNa hote haiM tathA jo mAyAcArase yA AgAmI kAlameM viSaya sukhake aura bhI adhika prApta honekI abhilASAse vratoMkA pAlana nahIM karatA, balki rAga aura dveSapara vijaya pAkara sAmyabhAva prApta karanekI icchAse vratoMkA pAlana karatA hai use vratika zrAvaka kahate haiM / tratika zrAvaka pahale batalAye pA~ca aNuvratoMkA nirdoSa pAlana karatA hai aura unheM bar3hAneke liye nIce likhe sAta zIloMkA bhI pAlana karatA haiM / ve sAta zIla isa prakAra haiM - 1 - digvrata, 2 - dezavrata, 3 - anarthadaNDavirati, 4 - sAmAyika, 5 - proSadhopavAsa, 6- paribhoga upabhoga parimANa aura 7 - atithisaMvibhAga / 1 - use jIvana bharake liye apane Ane jAne aura lena-dena karaneke kSetrakI maryAdA kara lenI cAhiye ki isa sthAna taka hI maiM apanA sambandha rakhU~gA, usake bAharase khUba lAbha honepara bhI koI vyApAra nahIM karU~gA / aisA niyama kara lenese manuSyakI tRSNAkA kSetra sImita ho jAtA hai aura videzI vyApArakA niyamana honese dezakI saMpattikA videza jAnA bhI ruka jAtA hai / 2 - jIvana bharake liye lI huI maryAdAke bhItara bhI apanI AvazyakatA aura yAtAyAtako dRSTimeM rakhakara kucha samaya ke liye bhI ukta kSetrakI maryAdA lete rahanA cAhiye, ki maiM itane samaya taka amuka amuka sthAna taka hI apanA AnA jAnA rakhU~gA va lena-dena adi karU~gA / 3 - binA prayojanake dUsare prANiyoMko pIr3A denevAlA koI bhI kAma nahIM karanA caahiye| aise kAma saMkSepameM pA~ca bhAgoM meM bA~Te gaye haiM-pApopadeza, hiMsAdAna, duzruti, apadhyAna aura pramAdacaryA / jo loga hiMsA vagairahase AjIvikA karate hoM

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cAritra 203 unheM hiMsA vagairahakA upadeza nahIM denA cAhiye / jaise, vyAdhako yaha nahIM batalAnA cAhiye ki amuka sthAnapara mRga vagairaha basate haiM / Thaga aura corako yaha nahIM batalAnA cAhiye ki amuka jagaha ThagaI aura corIkA acchA avasara hai| tathA jahA~ cAra jane baiThakara gapazapa karate hoM vahA~ bhI isa taraha kI carcA nahIM calAnA cAhiye 1 / jina cIjoMse dUsaroMkI jAna lI jA sakatI hai, aise viSa, astra, zastra Adi hiMsAke sAdhana dUsaroMko nahIM denA cAhiye 2 / jina pustakoM yA zAstroMke sunane yA par3hanese mana kaluSita ho, jinake sunate hI cittameM kAmavAsanA jAgrata ho, dUsaroMko mAra DAlaneke bhAva paidA hoM, ghamaMDa aura ahaMkArakA bhAva hRdayameM utpanna ho, aise zAstroM aura pustakoMko na svayaM sunanA cAhiye aura na dUsaroMko sunAnA cAhiye 3 / amukakA maraNa ho jAya, amukako jelakhAnA ho jAya, amukake ghara corI ho jAye, amukakI strI hara lI jAye, amukakI jamIna jAyadAda bika jAye, ityAdi vicAra manameM nahIM lAnA cAhiye 4 / binA jarUratake pRthvIkA khodanA, pAnIkA bahAnA, AgakA jalAnA, havAkA karanA tathA vanaspatikA kATanA Adi kAma nahIM karanA cAhiye 5 / ina kAmoMke karanese apanA kucha lAbha nahIM hotA, balki ulTI hAni hI hotI hai aura dUsaroMko vyarthameM kaSTa uThAnA par3atA hai| azlIla carcAe~ karanA, zarIrase kutsita ceSTAe~ karanA, vyarthako bakavAda karanA, binA soce samajhe aise kAma kara DAlanA jisase apanA koI lAbha na ho aura dUsaroMko vyarthameM kaSTa uThAnA par3e, tathA bhoga aura upabhogake sAdhanoMko AvazyakatAse adhika saMcaya kara lenA, ye saba kAma eka sadgRhasthako kabhI bhI nahIM karane caahiye| 4-prAtaH aura sandhyAko ekAnta sthAnameM kucha samayake liye hiMsA vagairaha samasta pApoMse virata hokara AtmadhyAna karanekA abhyAsa karanA cAhiye / usameM mana vacana aura kAyako sthira karake AtmA aura usake antima lAbha mokSake

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204 jainadharma bAremeM cintana karanA cAhiye / yadyapi mana vacana aura kAyako ekAma karanA bar3A kaThina hai, kintu abhyAsase saba sAdhya hai| prArambhameM kucha kaSTa anubhava hotA hai, zarIra nizcala rahanA nahIM cAhatA, mana-vidroha karatA hai aura maMtra pAThako jaldI-jaldI bolakara samApta kara denA cAhatA hai, phira bhI inako rokanA cAhiya / jaba ye sadha jAte haiM to manuSyako bar3I AdhyAtmika zAnti milatI hai| 5-pratyaka aSTamI aura pratyaka caturdazIke dina mana, vacana aura kAyakI sthiratAkA dRr3ha karaneke liye cAroM prakArake AhArako tyAgakara upavAsa karanA cAhiye / usa dina na kucha khAnA cAhiye aura na kucha pInA cAhiye / kintu jo aisA karanemeM asamartha hoM ve kevala jala le sakate haiM / aura jo kevala jalapara bhI na raha sakate hoM, unheM kevala ekavAra halkA sAtvika bhojana karanA cAhiyaM / jo vyakti upavAsa karanA cAheM, unheM cAhiye ki ve aSTamI aura caturdazIke pahale dina dopaharakA bhojana karake upavAsakI pratijJA le leN| aura ghara-gRhasthIke kAma dhAmase avakAza lekara ekAnta sthAnameM cale jAyeM aura apanA samaya Atmacintana aura svAdhyAyameM bitAveM / sandhyAko dainika kRtyase nibaTakara punaH apane usI kAmameM laga jaayeN| rAtriko vizrAma kareM aura dinako isI taraha bitAveM / isa taraha aSTamI aura caturdazIkA dina tathA rAta bitAkara dUsare dina dopaharako abhyAgata atithiyoMko bhojana karAkara eka bAra anAsakta hokara bhojana kreN| upavAsasa matalaba kevala peTake hI upavAsase nahIM hai, kintu pA~coM iMndriyoMke upavAsase hai / AhAra vagairahakA tyAga karake bhI yadi manupyakA citta pA~coM indriyoMke viSayoMmeM ramatA hai, acche-acche svAdiSTa bhojana, sundara kAminI, sugandhita dravya aura sundara saMgItakI kalpanAmeM masta rahatA hai to vaha upavAsa niSphala hai| 6-bhoga aura upabhogake sAdhanoMkA kucha samaya yA yASa.

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cAritra 205 jjIvana ke liye parimANa kara lenA cAhiye ki maiM amuka vastu itane samayataka itane parimANameM bhoguuNgaa| aisA parimANa karake usase adhika vastuko cAha nahIM karanA cAhiye / jo vastu ekabAra hI bhogI jA sakatI hai use bhoga kahate haiM jaise phUloMkI mAlA yA bhojana / aura jo vastu bAra-bAra bhogI jA sakatI hai use upabhoga kahate haiM, jaise vstr| ina donoM hI prakArakI vastuoMkA niyama kara lenA cAhiye / niyama kara lenese eka to gRhasthakI cittavRttikA niyamana hotA hai, dUsare isase vastuoMkA anAvazyaka saMcaya aura anAvazyaka upayoga ruka jAtA hai, aura vastuoMkI yadi kamI ho no dRsaroMko bhI unakI prApti sulabha ho jAtI hai| jo manuSya bhoga aura upabhogake mAdhanAMko kama karake apanI AvazyakatAoMko ghaTA letA haiM, AvazyakatAoMke ghaTa jAnesa usa manuSyakA kharca bhI kama ho jAtA hai / aura kharca kama ho jAnese usakI dhanakI AvazyakatA bhI kama ho jAtI hai| tathA dhanakI AvazyakatA kama ho jAnese use nyAya aura anyAyakA vicAra kiye binA dhana mAmanekI tRSNA nahIM satAtI / isIliye likhA hai 'bhogopabhogakRzanAt kRzIkRtadhanaspRhaH / dhanAya koTTapAlAdi kriyAH krUrAH karoti kaH // ' mAgAradharmA0 / 'bhoga aura upabhogako kama kara denase jisakI dhanakI tRSNA kama ho gaI hai, aisA kauna AdamI dhanake liye pulisa vagairahakI nirdayI naukarI kregaa|' ___ ataH bhogopabhogakA parimANa kara lenevAlA AjIvikAke liye aisA kAma nahIM karatA hai, jisase dUsaroMko kaSTa pahu~catA ho / usakA khAna-pAna bhI bahuta sAtvika, sAdA aura zuddha hotA hai / madya, mA~sa aura madhu to vaha khAtA hI nahIM hai, kintu bhojana bhI aisA karatA hai jo mAdaka aura derameM hajama ho

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206 jainadharma sakanevAlA na ho / usake bhojana meM zarIrapoSaka tattva rahate haiM kintu svAsthyako caupaTa kara DAlanevAle aura indriyoMkI viSayatRSNAko bhar3akAnevAle uttejaka padArtha nahIM hote| vaha prakRtiviruddha aura saMyogaviruddha AhArase sadA bacatA hai| sAga sabjI khAtA hai kintu zodha bInakara / jo cIjeM jamInake andara ugatI haiM, jaise, AlU, gAjaramUlI vagairaha, unheM nahIM khAtA / jainadharmakI dRSTi se isa prakArakI sabjiyoMmeM bahuta jIva vAsa karate haiN| tathA laukika dRSTise bhI jo sAga sabjI sUrya ke prakAzameM nahIM phUlatI phalatI vaha saba tAmasika hotI hai| bahutase rogoMmeM DAkTara' taka aise padArthoM ke khAnekA niSedha kara dete haiM / barSAkAlameM patteko zAka aura binA dalA huA mUMga, ur3ada vagairaha dhAnya nahIM khAtA hai, kyoMki usa samaya unameM prAyaH kIr3e vagairaha par3a jAte haiN| __ 7-pratidina bhojana karanese pahale apane dvArapara khar3e hokara saMsArase virakta sacce sAdhuAMkI pratIkSA karanI cAhiye, aura yadi koI aise sAdhu mahAtmA usa orase nikaleM, to unheM Adarake sAtha rokakara apane nimitta banAye hue bhojanameMse bhaktipUrvaka bhojana karAnA caahiye| pIche svayaM bhojana karanA caahiye| isa taraha zrAvakake ye sAta zIla vrata kahalAte haiM / inameMse pahaleke tIna guNavrata kahe jAte haiM, kyoMki unake pAlana karanese pahale kahe gaye pA~ca aNuvratoMmeM vizeSatA AtI hai, aura pIcheke cAra zikSAvrata kahalAte haiM kyoMki unake karanese munidharma grahaNa 1 ina paMktiyoMke lekhakako isa bAtakA svayaM anubhava ho cukA hai| eka bAra khAMsIse pIr3ita honepara murAdAbAdake sva0 DA0 banarjIne cikitsA prArambha karanese pUrva jamIkanda khAnA chor3a denekA Adeza diyaa| jaba unase kahA gayA ki inakA khAnA to hamAre dharmameM hI barjita hai to ve bar3e prabhAvita hue |-le0

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cAritra 207 karanekI zikSA milatI hai| zikSA arthAt abhyAsake liye jo vrata kiye jAte haiM ve zikSAta kahe jAte haiM / 3. sAmAyikI - vrata pratimAkA abhyAsI jo zrAvaka tInoM sandhyAoMmeM sAmAyika karatA hai aura kaThina se kaThina kaSTa A par3anepara bhI apane dhyAnase vicalita nahIM hotA - mana, vacana aura kAkI ekAgratAko sthira rakhatA hai use sAmAyikI yA sAmAyika pratimAvAlA zrAvaka kahate haiM / yadyapi zrAvaka ke lie aisI ekAtA ati kaSTasAdhya hai kintu abhyAsase saba saMbhava hotA hai| isakA uddezya AtmAkI zaktiko kendrIbhUta karanA hai / yadyapi pahale vratoM meM bhI sAmAyika karanA batalAyA hai kintu vaha abhyAsarUpa hai aura yaha vratarUpa hai / 4. proSadhopavAsI -- pahale pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazIko upavAsa karanekI vidhi batalAI hai, vahI yahA~ bhI jAnanA cAhiye | antara kevala itanA hI hai ki vahA~ abhyAsarUpase upavAsakA vidhAna hai aura yahA~ vratarUpase / 5. sacinavirata - pahalekI cAra pratimAoMkA pAlana karanevAlA jo dayAlu zrAvaka hare sAga, sabjI, phala-phUla vagairahako nahIM khAtA hai. use sacittavirata kahate haiN| asala meM tyAgakA uddezya saMyamakA pAlana karanA hai aura saMyamake do rUpa haiM - eka prANisaMyama aura dUsarA indriya-saMyama / prANiyoMkI rakSA karaneko prANisaMyama kahate haiM aura indriyoMko vazameM karanekA indriyasaMyama kahate haiM / uttama to yahI hai ki pratyeka tyAgameM donoM saMyamoMkA pAlana ho, kintu yadi donoMkA pAlana na ho sakatA ho to ekakA pAlana honA bhI acchA hI hai| jainasiddhAntameM harI vanaspatikI do dazAyeM batalAI haiM eka sapratiSTita aura dUsarI apratiSThita pratiSThita dazAmeM pratyeka banaspatimeM agaNita jIvoMkA vAsa rahatA hai aura isaliye use anantakAya kahate haiM aura apratiSThita dazAmeM usameM eka hI jIvakA vAsa rahatA | ataH jabataka

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208 jainadharma I koI vanaspati pratiSThita yA anantakAya hai tabataka usakA bhakSaNa nahIM karanA cAhiye, kyoMki usake bhakSaNa karanese ananta jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai| kintu jaba vahI vanaspati apratiSThita ho jAtI haiM - arthAt usameM anantakAya jIvoMkA vAsa nahIM rahatA taba use acitta karake khAnA cAhiye / sacittako acita karane ke kaI prakAra haiM- use sukhA liyA jAye / aisA karane sacitta vanaspati acitta ho jAtI hai| yahA~ yaha prazna hotA hai ki sacittako acitta karake khAne se kyA lAbha hai ? jIva-rakSA to usameM bhI nahIM hotI ? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki sacittako ani karake khAnese yadyapi jIvarakSA nahIM hotI aura isaliye prANisaMyama nahIM palatA tathApi indriyasaMyama palatA hai; kyoMki sacitta vanaspati pauSTika ataeva mAdaka hotI hai / use pakA lene, sukhA lene yA cAkUse kATane se usakA poSakatattva naSTa ho jAtA hai aura isaliye usakI mAdakatA calI jAtI hai / ataH khAneke bAda vaha indriyoMmeM vikAra paidA nahIM karatI, kintu zarIrakI sthiti banAye rakhatI hai| dhArmika dRSTise jo bhojana zarIrakI sthitiko banAye rakhakara indriyoMmeM vikAra paidA nahIM karatA vahI bhojana zreSTha samajhA jAtA hai / isI dRSTise pA~caveM darjakA jaina zrAvaka indriya madakAraka sacitta vanaspatike bhakSaNakA tyAga karatA hai / jainazAstroM meM pratiSThita aura apratiSThita vanaspatikI aneka pahacAneM batalAI haiN| jaise, jo vanaspati - cAhe vaha jar3a ho, chAla ho, kopala ho, zAkhA ho, pattA ho, phUla ho yA phala hotor3anepara jhaTase samAnarUpase do Tukar3oM meM TUTa jAtI hai yaha sapratiSThita hai aura jo tor3o kahIMse TUTatI hai kahIMse, vaha apratiTita hai / jisa banaspatiko chIlanepara moTA chilakA utaratA hai| vaha sapratiSThita hai aura jisakA chilakA patalA utaratA hai vaha apratiSThita hai / jisa vanaspatike UparakI dhAriyA~, yA zirAe~ spaSTarUpase nahIM nikalI haiM, yA andara phA~keM alaga alaga nahIM

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14 cAritra 209 huI haiM vaha pratiSThita hai aura jisameM phA~keM alaga-alaga par3a gaI haiM yA zirAyeM aura dhAriyA~ spaSTa ubhara AI haiM use apratiThita kahate haiM / 6. divAmaithunavirata - pahalekI pA~ca pratimAoMkA pAlana karanevAlA zrAvaka jaba dinameM mana, vacana aura kAyase strImAtrake sevana karanekA tyAga kara detA hai taba vaha divAmaithuna virata kahAtA hai / pahale pA~cavIM pratimAmeM indriya madakAraka vastuoM ke khAna-pAnakA tyAga karake indriyoMko saMyata karanekI celA kI gaI haiM / aura chaThI pratimAmeM dinameM kAmabhogakA tyAga karAkara manuSyakI kAmabhogakI lAlasAko rAtrike hI liye sImita kara diyA gayA hai / kahA jA sakatA hai ki dinameM maithuna do bahuta ho kama loga karate haiM, ataH isakA tyAga karAne meM kyA vizeSatA haiM ? kintu maithunakA matalaba kevala kAyika bhogase hI nahIM hai, parantu usa taraha kI bAteM karanA aura manameM usa taraha ke vicAroMkA honA bhI maithunameM sammilita hai| tathA dinameM manuSya bahutase strI puruSoMke dRSTisaMparka meM AtA hai jinheM dekhakara usakI kAmavAsanA jAgrata honekI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / ataH dinameM isa taraha kI pravRttiyoM se bacAkara manuSyako pUrNa brahmacarya kI ora le jAnA hI isakA lakSya hai / 7. brahmacArI--Upara kahe gaye saMyamake abhyAsase apane manako vaza meM karake jo mana, vacana aura kAyase kabhI kisI strIkA sevana nahIM karatA use brahmacArI kahate haiN| pahale chaThe darje meM dinameM maithunakA tyAga karAyA hai, sAtaveM dajameM rAtrimeM bhI sadAke liye maithunakA tyAga karake brahmacArI bana jAtA hai / brahmacaryake lAbha batalAnA sUryako dIpaka dikhAnA hai| Atmika zaktiko kendrita karaneke liye brahmacarya eka apUrva vastu hai / kintu honA cAhiye vaha aicchika / binA icchAke jabaradastI brahmacarya pAlanese na zArIrika lAbha hotA hai aura na mAnasika, kyoMki brahmacarya kA matalaba kevala zArIrika kAmabhogase nivRtti hI nahIM

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210 jainadharma hai, balki pA~coM indriyoMke viSayoMse nivRttikA nAma hI brahmacarya hai| yadi kevala kAmendriyakA hI niyaMtraNa kiyA gayA aura anya indriyoMko kAbUmeM na rakhA gayA to kAmendriyakA niyaMtraNa bhI TUTa jaayegaa| 8 Arambhavirata-pahalakI sAta pratimAoMkA pAlana karanevAlA zrAvaka jaba jIvikAke sAdhana kRpi, naukarI yA vyApAra vagerahake karane aura karAnekA tyAga kara detA hai to vaha Arambhavirata kahA jAtA hai| brahmacarya dhAraNa karake apane kauTumbika jIvanako vaha pahale hI maryAdita kara detA hai / aura jaba dekhatA hai ki aba mere lar3ake kamAne lAyaka ho gaye haiM to unako apanA kAma dhandhA sauMpakara Apa usase virata ho jAtA hai, kintu unheM sammati vagairaha detA rahatA hai / 9 parigrahavirata-pahalaMkI ATha pratimAoMkA pAlana karanevAlA zrAvaka jaba apanI jamIna jAyadAda vagairahase apanA svatva chor3a detA hai to vaha parigrahavirata kahA jAtA hai| AThavIM pratimAmeM vaha apanA udyoga dhandhA putroMke supurda kara detA hai magara sampatti apane hI adhikArameM rakhatA hai| jaba vaha dekha letA hai ki lar3akene udyoga dhanveko bhalI bhA~ti samajha liyA hai, aba yadi sampatti bhI usake supurda kara dI jAye to vaha usakA rakSaNa kara sakatA hai, taba vaha paJcoMke sAmane apane putra yA dattaka putrako bulAkara kahatA hai ki 'he putra ! Ajataka hamane isa gRhasthAzramakA pAlana kiyA / aba virakta hokara hama ise chor3anA cAhate haiM / isaliye tuma hamArA sthAna svIkAra kro| apanI AtmAko zuddha karaneke liye icchuka pitAkA bhAra samhAlakara jo usakI sahAyatA karatA hai vahIM putra hai, aura jo aisA nahIM karatA, vaha putra nahIM hai, zatru hai| isaliye merA yaha dhana, dhArmika sthAna tathA kuTumbIjanakA bhAra samhAla kara mujhe isa bhArase mukta karo; kyoMki isase mukta hue binA koI bhI kalyA

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211 cAritra NArthI apanA kalyANa nahIM kara sktaa| mumukSujanoMke liye sarvasva tyAga hI pathya hai|' isa prakAra saba kucha putrako sauMpakara vaha gArha sthika uttaradAyitvase mukta ho jAtA hai / kintu mukta honepara bhI vaha sahasA ghara nahIM chor3atA, aura udAsIna hokara kucha kAla taka gharameM hI rahatA hai| lar3akA yadi kisI kAryameM usase salAha mA~gatA hai to ucita sammati de detA hai| 10 anumativirata-pahaleko nau pratimAoMmeM abhyasta huA zrAvaka jaba dekha letA hai ki aba lar3akA vinA merI salAhake bhI saba kAma samhAla sakatA hai to lena dena, khetI, vanija aura vivAha Adi laukika kAryoMmeM anumati denA banda kara detA hai, taba vaha anumativirata kahA jAtA hai / aba vaha gharameM na rahakara mandira vagairahameM rahane lagatA hai aura apanA samaya svAdhyAyameM bitAtA hai / yathA madhyAhnakAlakI sAmAyika karaneke bAda AmatraNa milanepara apane yA dUsaroMke ghara bhojana kara AtA hai / bhojanameM vaha apano koI ruci nahIM rakhatA / apane vrata niyamake anusAra jo milatA hai khA letA hai aura yahI vicAratA hai ki zarIrakI sthitike liye bhojanakI AvazyakatA hai, aura zarIra ko banAye rakhanA dharmasevanake liye Avazyaka hai| kucha dina isI taraha bitAkara jaba vaha dekha letA hai ki aba maiM ghara chor3a sakatA hU~ to apane gurujanoM, bandhuvoM aura putra vagairahase pUchakara ghara chor3a detA hai| 11 uddiSTavirata-yaha antima utkRSTa zrAvaka apane uddezyase banAye gaye AhArako prahaNa nahIM karatA, isaliye ise uddiSTavirata kahate haiN| isake do bheda hote haiN| pahalA bhedavAlA utkRSTa zrAvaka sapheda laMgoTI lagAtA hai aura eka sapheda cAdara mAtra apane pAsa rakhatA hai, tathA kaiMcI yA churese apane kezoMko banavAtA hai| aura jaba kisI sthAnapara baiThatA hai yA leTatA hai to atyanta

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212 jainadharma komala vastra vagairahase usa sthAnako sApha kara letA hai, jisase usake baiThane yA leTanese kisI jantuko koI por3A na pahu~ca sake / ___ isa pahale bhedavAle utkRSTa zrAvakake bhI do vibhAga haiM / eka vaha jo aneka gharoMse bhikSA letA hai aura dUsarA vaha jo eka gharase hI bhikSA letA hai| jo aneka gharoMse bhikSA letA hai vaha bhojanake samaya zrAvakake ghara jAkara usake A~ganameM khar3A hokara 'dharmalAbha ho' aisA kahakara bhikSAkI prArthanA karatA hai, athavA maunapUrvaka kevala apaneko dikhAkara calA AtA hai| yadi zrAvaka kucha detA hai to use apane pAtra meM le letA hai| kintu vahA~ dera nahIM lagAtA aura vahA~se nikalakara dUsare zrAvakake ghara jAkara aisA hI karatA hai| yadi koI zrAvaka apane gharapara hI bhojana karanekI prArthanA karatA hai to anya gharoMse jo bhojana milA hai pahale use khAkara pIche AvazyakatAke anusAra bhojana usa zrAvakase le letA hai| yadi koI aisI prArthanA nahIM karatA to kaI gharoMmeM jAkara apane udara bharane lAyaka bhojana mA~gatA hai aura jahA~ prAsuka pAnI milatA hai vahA~ use dekha bhAlakara khA letA hai| khAte samaya svAdapara dhyAna nahIM detA aura na gRhasthake gharase kucha milane yA na milane athavA milanevAle dravyakI sarasatA aura virasatApara hI dhyAna detA hai| bhojana karaneke pazcAt apanA jUThA bartana svayaM hI mA~jatA aura dhotA hai| yadi vaha mAnameM Akara dUsarese aisA kAma karAtA hai to yaha mahAn asaMyama samajhA jAtA hai| bhojana karaneke pazcAt apane guruke pAsa jAkara dUsare dina takake lie vaha AhAra na karanekA niyama le letA hai aura guruke pAsase jAneke bAdase lekara lauTane taka jo kucha bhI vaha karatA hai vaha saba saralatApUrvaka guruse nivedana kara detA hai| jo utkRSTa zrAvaka eka gharase ho bhikSA grahaNa karatA hai vaha kisI munike pIche-pIche zrAvakake ghara jAkara bhojana kara AtA hai| aura yadi bhojana nahIM milatA to upavAsa kara letA hai|

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cAritra 213 yaha 11 vIM pratimAvAlA utkRSTa zrAvaka sadA muniyoMke sAtha rahatA hai, unakI sevA suzruSA karatA hai aura antaraMga aura bahiraMga tapa karatA hai / una tapoMmeMse bhI vaiyAvRtya tapa khAsa taura se karatA hai / munijanoMko koI kaSTa honepara usakA pratIkAra karaneko vaiyAvRtya kahate haiM, jaise rogiyoMkI paricaryA karanA, asamarthoMkI sahAyatA karanA, vRddhajanoMke paira vagairaha dabAnA Adi / zrAvakake lie vaiyAvRtya karanekA bar3A mahattva batalAyA gayA hai / isase ghRNAkA bhAva dUra hotA hai sevAbhAvako protsAhana milatA hai aura vAtsalyabhAvakI vRddhi hotI hai / tathA jinakI paricaryA kI jAtI hai ve sanAthatA anubhava karate haiM, unake cittameM yaha bhAva nahIM hotA ki koI hamArI dekharekha karanevAlA nahIM hai / dUsare bhedavAle utkRSTa zrAvakakI bhI sabhI kriyAe~ pahaleke hI samAna hotI haiM / kevala itanA antara hai ki yaha sira aura dAr3hIke bAloMko apane hAtha se pakar3akara ukhAr3a DAlatA hai / isa kriyAko kezaloMca kahate haiN| kevala laMgoTI lagAtA hai aura muniyoMke samAna hAthameM morake paMkhoMkI eka pIchI rakhatA hai / usIse vaha apane baiThane yA leTaneke sthAnako sApha karake janturahita kara letA hai / tathA gRhasthake ghara jAkara usake prArthanA karane para, usIke gharameM apane hAthameM hI bhojana karatA hai, pAsameM baratana nahIM rakhatA / donoM hAthoMko jor3akara bAe~ hAthakI kanaaMgulimeM dAhanehAthakI kanaaMguliko pha~sA kara pAtra sA banA letA hai| gRhastha bAe~ hAthakI hathelIpara bhojana rakhatA jAtA hai aura yaha dAhine hAthakI zeSa cAra aMguliyoMse uThAkara kaurako mu~ha meM rakhatA jAtA hai| yaha utkRSTa zrAvaka uttama uttama granthoMkA svAdhyAya karatA hai aura khAlI samaya meM saMsAra, zarIra aura usake sAtha apane sambandhake viSayameM cintana karatA hai / isa prakAra naiSTika zrAvakake ye 11 darja haiM / inako kramavAra hI pAlA jAtA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki koI prArambhakI krayAe~ na

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-214 jainadharma karake Ageke darje meM pahu~ca jAye / yadi koI aisA karatA to Age bar3ha jAnepara bhI use usa darjevAlA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jainadharma meM zaktike anumAra kiye gaye kAryakA hI mahattva hai| 'Ageko daur3a aura pIcheko chor3a' vAlI kahAvata yahA~ caritArtha nahIM hotii| jo loga uttaradAyitva se bacaneke liye tyAgI bananA cAhate haiM, unake liye bhI yahA~ sthAna nahIM hai / kintu jo apane gArhasthika uttaradAyitvakA yathocita prabandha karake kevala AtmakalyANakI bhAvanA se isa mArgakA avalambana lete haiM ve hI isa pathake yogya samajhe jAte haiM / sAdhaka zrAvaka 1 / zrAvakakA tIsarA bheda sAdhaka hai / maraNakAla upasthita honepara, zarIrase mamatva haTAkara, bhojana vagairahakA tyAga karake, premapUrvaka, dhyAnake dvArA jo AtmAkA zodhana karatA hai use sAdhaka kahate haiM / sAdhakakI isa kriyAko samAdhimaraNa vrata yA sallekhanA vrata kahate haiN| jaba koI upasarga, durbhikSa, bur3hApA aura roga aisI hAlata meM pahu~ca jAye, jisakA pratIkAra kara sakanA zakya na ho to dharmake liye zarIra chor3a denA sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa kahAtA hai / samAdhimaraNa karanekI vidhi batalAte hue likhA hai ki zarIra dharmakA sAdhana hai isaliye yadi vaha dharma - sAdhana meM sahAyaka hotA ho to use naSTa nahIM karanA cAhiye aura yadi vaha vinaSTa hotA ho to usakA zoka nahIM karanA cAhiye / tathA dharmakA sAdhana samajhakara hI zarIrako svastha rakhanA cAhiye aura yadi koI roga ho jAye to usakA pratIkAra bhI karanA cAhiye / kintu jaba zarIra dharmakA bAdhaka vana jAve to zarIrako chor3akara dharmakI hI rakSA karanI cAhiye, kyoMki zarIra naSTa honepara punaH mila jAyegA kintu dharmakI prApti atyanta durlabha hai / koI koI bhAI samAdhimaraNa vratake svarUpa aura mahatvako

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cAritra 215 na samajha kara ise AtmaghAta batalAte haiM / kintu dharmapara Apatti Anepara dharma kI rakSAke liye zarIrakI upekSA kara denekA nAma AtmaghAta nahIM hai, parantu krodhameM Akara viSa Adike dvArA prANoMke ghAta karanekA nAma ho AtmaghAta haiM / dharmakI rakSAke liye apane jIvanako balidAna kara denevAle vIroMkI aneka gAthAe~ bhArata ke itihAsameM nibaddha haiN| loga bhautika jIvanako hI saba kucha samajha kara usIkI rakSAmeM lage rahate haiM, ve sacamuca - meM jInA nahIM jAnate / isIliye kahA gayA hai 'jise maranA nahIM AyA use jInA nahIM AyA / ' jo maranA nahIM jAnatA vaha jInA bhI nahIM jAnatA / apane dharma karma aura mAna-maryAdAko ga~vAkara jInA bhI koI jInA hai ? jIvana kSaNika hai, lAkha prayatna karanepara bhI vaha eka dina avazya naSTa hogA / ataH usakI rakSAke liye kartavyase vimukha honA ucita nahIM hai / isI bAtako jaina zAstroMmeM eka dRSTAnta ke dvArA samajhAyA hai| usameM likhA hai / -- 'dena lenakI aneka vastuoMkA saMcaya karanevAlA vyApArI apane gharakA nAza nahIM caahtaa| agara usake ghara Aga laga jAtI hai to usake bujhAnekI ceSTA karatA hai| kintu jaba dekhatA hai ki isakA bujhanA kaThina hai to gharakI paravAha na kara saMcita dhanakI rakSA karatA hai / isI taraha vrata aura zIla rUpI dhanakA saMcaya karanevAlA vratI zarIrakA nAza nahIM cAhatA / aura zarIranAzake kAraNa upasthita honepara 'apane dharma meM bAdhA na AveM' isa rItise unako dUra karanekI ceSTA karatA hai / parantu jaba yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki zarIrakA nAza avazya hogA to vaha zarIrakI pavahana karake apane dharmakI rakSA karanekA prayatna karatA hai / aisI sthitimeM samAdhimaraNako AtmaghAta kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ?' samAdhimaraNakA uddeza hai antakriyAko sudhAranA / jaba mRtyu

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216 jainadharma sunizcita ho to rAga-dveSa aura parigrahako chor3akara, zuddha manase sabase kSamA mA~ge aura jisane apanA aparAdha kiyA ho use kSamA kara de| phira binA kisI chalake apane kiye hue pApoMkI AlocanA kare aura maraNa paryantake liye sampUrNa mahAtratoMko dhAraNa kare / usa samaya samAdhimaraNatrata dhAraNa karAnevAle AcArya aura unakA saba saMgha usa sAdhakako sAdhanAko saphala banAne meM tatpara rahate haiN| AcArya sAdhakase pUchakara yadi usakI icchA kucha khAnekI hotI hai to khilAkara AhArakA tyAga karA dete haiM aura kevala dUdha vagairaha use dete haiM / phira dUdhakA bhI tyAga karAkara garma jala dete haiM / phira garma jalakA bhI tyAga karA dete haiM / kintu yadi use koI aisI bImArI ho jisake kAraNa bAra-bAra pyAsa lagatI hI to garma jala dete rahate haiM, aura jaba mRtyukA samaya nikaTa dekhate haiM to garma jalakA bhI tyAga karA dete haiM / usake bAda AcArya sAdhakake kAnameM acche-acche upadeza sunAte haiM / aura sAdhaka paJca namaskAra mantrakA japa karatA huA zAntike sAtha prANavisarjana karatA hai / I samAdhimaraNavratake bhI pA~ca doSa batalAye haiM / samAdhimaraNa karate hue sAdhakako jInekI icchA nahIM karanI cAhiye / na kaSTake bhayase maranekI hI icchA karanI cAhiye / icchA karanese Ayu bar3ha sakatI hai aura na ghaTa sakatI hai, ataH usameM manako lagAnA bekAra hai / isI taraha mitroMkA prema aura jIvanameM bhoge hue sukhoMkA bhI smaraNa nahIM karanA caahiye| ye sabhI cIjeM manuSyake cittako kamajora banAtI haiM aura sAdhakako usakI sAdhanA se cyuta karatI haiN| tathA yaha bhI nahIM socanA cAhiye ki maiMne isa janma meM jo dharmArAdhana kiyA hai usake phalase dUsare janma meM indra yA cakravartI yA aura kucha hoU~; kyoMki aisA karanese dharmArAdhanakA mUla uddezya hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| dharmake liye jo kucha chor3A, dharma karake usIko mA~ganA

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cAritra 217 mUrkhatA hai| yaha dharmake svarUpa aura usake uddezyakI anabhijJatAko sUcita karatA hai, ataH isa ma~gatAIse bacanA hI caahiye| isa taraha jainazrAvaka apane vidhi niyamoMke sAtha jIvana nirvAha karatA huA antameM zAnti aura nirbhayatAke sAtha mRtyukA AliMgana karake apane mAnava jIvanako saphala banAtA hai / 6. zrAvakadharma aura vizvakI samasyAe~ Aja sabhI dharmoMke sAmane yaha prazna rakhA jAtA hai ki ve vartamAna vizvakI samasyAoMko hala karanemeM kahA~taka Age Ate haiM ? yaha prazna na bhI rakhA jAve to bhI dharmoM ke sAmane yaha prazna to hai hI ki kevala vyaktike abhyudaya aura nizreyasa prAptike liye hI dharmoMkI sRSTi kI gaI hai yA unase samAja aura rASTrakA bhI abhyudaya ho sakatA hai ? yahA~ hama Upara batalAye gaye jaina zrAvakake dharmake prakAzameM ukta prazna ko sulajhAnekA prayatna karate haiN| yaha satya hai ki dharmakI sRSTi vyaktike abhyudayake liye huI kintu vyakti samAja, rASTra aura vizvase koI pRthaka vastu nahIM hai| vyaktiyoMkA samUha hI samAja, rASTra aura vizvake nAmase pukArA jAtA hai| Aja jinheM vizvakI samasyAe~ kahA jAtA hai vastutaH ve usa vizvameM basanevAle vyaktiyoMkI hI samasyAe~ haiN| mAnA, vyakti eka ikAI hai, kintu aneka ikAIyA~ milakara hI dahAI, saikar3A Adi saMkhyAe~ banatI haiM, ataH vyaktike abhyudayake liye janmA huA dharma jaba kisI eka khAsa vyaktike abhyudayakA kAraNa na hokara vyaktimAtrake abhyudayakA kAraNa hai to cU~ki vyaktimAtrameM vizvake sabhI vyakti A jAte haiM ataH vaha vizvake bhI abhyudayakA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| kintu vizvako use apanAnA caahiye| astu, pahale hameM yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki Ajake yugako ve kaunasI samasyAe~ haiM, jinheM hameM hala karanA hai, aura unakA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ?

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jainadharma pichale do sau varSoMmeM vijJAnane bar3I unnati kI hai| usane aise-aise yaMtra pradAna kiye haiM, jinase vizvakA saMrakSaNa aura saMhAra donoM hI saMbhava hai; kyoMki kisI vastukA acchA upayoga bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai aura burA upayoga bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / upayoga karanA to manuSyake hAthakI bAta haiM, usameM becArI vastukA kyA aparAdha ? vidyA jaisI uttama vastu bhI durjana ke hAthameM par3akara jJAnake sthAnameM vivAdako janma detI hai / dhanako pAkara durjanako mada hotA hai kintu sajjana usase paropakAra karatA haiM / zakti pAkara eka dUsaroMko satAtA hai to dUsarA use hI pAkara AtatAiyoMke hAthoMse pIr3itoMkI rakSA karatA hai| vijJAnane dUrIkA anta kara diyA hai aura vizvako vibhinna jAtiyoM aura rASTroMko itane nikaTa lA diyA hai ki ve yadi paraspara meM sambaddha hokara rahanA cAheM to eka sUtrameM baddha hokara raha sakate haiM; kyoMki vijJAnane saMgaThanake aneka naye sAdhana prastuta kara diye haiN| tathA utpAdanake bhI aise-aise sAdhana diye haiM jinase saMsArake sabhI strI-puruSa sukhapUrvaka apanA jIvana bitA sakate haiM / kintu una sAdhanoMpara Aja amuka vargoM aura rASTroMkA adhikAra hai aura ve unakA upayoga dUsaroMpara apanA prabhutva sthApita karane aura sthApita kiye hue prabhutvako banAye rakhane meM karate haiN| jaMgala meM zikAra kI khoja meM bhaTakanevAlA vyAghra apane nukIle paMjoM aura paine dA~toMkA jaisA upayoga apane zikAra ke sAtha karatA hai, vaijJAnika sAdhanoMse sampanna rASTra bhI dUsare rASTroMkI chAtIpara Aja apane vaijJAnika sAdhanoM kA vaisA hI upayoga karate dikhalAI dete haiM / phalataH yuddhoMkI sRSTi hotI hai aura rASTroMkA dhana aura jana unakI bheMTa car3hA diyA jAtA hai / mAnoM, unakA isase acchA koI dUsarA upayoga ho hI nahIM sakatA / eka ora naye sAdhanoMke dvArA khetoMse khUtra anna upajAyA jAtA hai, mileM rAta dina kapar3e taiyAra karanemeM lagI rahatI haiM, dUsarI ora asaMkhya manuSya binA anna aura vastrake jIvana 218

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cAritra 216 bitA dete haiM / eka ora jinheM anna aura vastrakI AvazyakatA hai. vedAne dAneke liye tarasate haiM aura dUsarI ora jinheM unakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai. ve anAvazyaka saMcayake bhArase dabe rahate haiN| zAnti aura surakSAke liye kAnUnoMkI sRSTi kI jAtI hai aura unheM jabaradastI palavAneke liye pulisa, senA aura jelakhAnoMkI sRSTi kI jAtI hai / anyAyake liye nyAyakA DhoMga racA jAtA hai aura satyako chipAne ke liye asatya propegaNDA kiyA jAtA 1 ye samasyAe~ sAre saMsAra ke sAmane upasthita haiM / yuddhake mahA vinAzane yuddha lar3anevAloMko bhI bhayabhIta kara diyA hai / saba cAhate haiM yuddha na ho, kintu yuddhake jo kAraNa haiM unheM chor3anA nahIM cAhate / sarvatra rAjanItika aura Arthika saMghaTanoMmeM pArasparika avizvAsa aura pratihiMsAko bhAvanA chipI huI hai / dUsaroMko bevakUpha banAkara apanA kArya sAdhanA hI sabakA mUlamaMtra banA huA hai, phira zAnti ho to kaise ho aura yuddha rukeM to kaise rukeM ? Adhunika samasyAke isa vihaMgAvalokanase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vibhinna rASTroM aura jAtiyoMke bIca meM hiMsAmUlaka vyavahArakA prAdhAnya hai / svArthaparatA, beImAnI, dhokhebAjI ye saba hiMsA hI pratirUpa haiN| inake rahate hue jaise do vyaktiyoMmeM proti aura maitrI nahIM ho sakatI vaise ho rASTroM aura jAtiyoM meM bhI maitrI nahIM ho sakatI / 'jio aura jIne do' kA jo siddhAnta vyaktiyoMke liye hai vahI jAtiyoM aura rASTroMke liye bhI hai / jaba taka vibhinna rASTra aura jAtiyA~ isa siddhAntako nahIM apanAte taba taka vizvakI samasyAe~ nahIM sulajha sakatIM, balki aura ulajhatI hI jAyeMgI, jaisA ki pratyakSameM dikhalAI par3atA hai / ataH vizvakI samasyAoMko sulajhAneke liye rASTroMko zAsanapraNAlI meM AmUla parivartana honA cAhiye aura sAmAjika tathA Arthika vyavasthAoM meM saMzodhana honA cAhiye / tathA vaha

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220 jainadharma parivartana aura saMzodhana ahiMsAke siddhAntako jIvanapathake rUpameM svIkAra karake kiyA jAnA caahiye| ___ yaha nahIM bhUla jAnA cAhiye ki balaprayogake AdhArapara mAnavIya sambandhoMkI bhitti kabhI khar3I nahIM kI jA sktii| kauTumbika aura sAmAjika jIvanake nirmANameM bahuta aMzoM meM sahAnubhUti, dayA, prema, tyAga aura sauhArdakA ho sthAna rahatA hai| eka bAta yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanI cAhiye ki vyaktigata AcaraNakA aura sAmAjika vAtAvaraNakA nikaTa sambandha hai| vyaktigata AcaraNase sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa banatA hai aura sAmAjika vAtAvaraNase vyaktitvakA nirmANa hotA hai| kisI samAjake antargata vyaktiyoMkA AcaraNa yadi dUSita ho to sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa kabhI zuddha ho hI nahIM sakatA, aura sAmAjika vAtAvaraNake zuddha hue binA vyaktiyoMke AcaraNameM sudhAra honA zakya nahIM / isaliye vyaktigata AcaraNake sudhArake sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika vAtAvaraNako bhI svaccha banAnekI ceSTA honI cAhiye / isIse jainadharma pratyeka vyaktike AcaraNa nirmANapara jora dete hue usake jIvanase hiMsAmUlaka vyavahArako nikAlakara pArasparika vyavahArameM maitrI, pramoda aura kAruNyakI bhAvanAse baratanekI salAha detA hai| itanA hI nahIM, balki vaha to yaha bhI cAhatA hai ki rAjA bhI aisA hI dhArmika ho; kyoMki rAjanItimeM adhArmikatAke ghusa jAnese rASTrabharakA naitika jIvana gira jAtA hai aura phira vyakti yadi anaitikatAse bacanA bhI cAhe to baca nahIM pAtA, aneka bAhirI pralobhanoM aura AvazyakatAoMse dabakara vaha bhI anartha karaneke lie tatpara ho jAtA hai, jisakA udAharaNa yuddhakAlameM pracalita corabAjAra hai| ataH rAjanIti, samAjanIti aura vyaktigata jIvanakA AdhAra yadi ahiMsAko banAyA jAye to rAjA aura prajA donoM sukha zAntise raha sakate haiN| Aja jina dezoMmeM prajAtantra hai, una dezoMmeM yadyapi apanI

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cAritra 221 apanI janatAke sukha duHkhakA dhyAna pUrA-pUrA rakhA jAtA hai; kintu dUsare dezoMkI janatAke sAtha vaisA hI vyavahAra nahIM kiyA jAtA / bAteM acchI-acchI kahI jAtI haiM kintu vyavahAra unase bilakula viparIta kiyA jAtA hai / dUsare dezoMpara apanA svatva banAye rakhaneke lie rAjanaitika guTabandiyA~ kI jAtI haiN| unake viruddha jhUThA pracAra karaneke lie lAkhoM rupayA vyaya kiyA jAtA hai aura yaha kahA jAtA hai ki hama unakI bhalAI ke lie hI unapara zAsana kara rahe haiN| zAsanataMtra ke dvArA apanA adhikAra jamAkara una dezoMke dhana aura janakA manamAnA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai / yaha saba hiMsA, asatya aura corI nahIM hai to kyA hai ? yadi rASTroMkA nirmANa ahiMsAke AdhArapara kiyA jAye aura asatya vyavahArako sthAna na diyA jAye to rASTroM meM pArasparika avizvAsa aura pratihiMsAkI bhAvanA dekhaneko bhI na mile / samasta rASTroMkA eka vizvasaMgha ho, jisameM saba rASTra samAna bhrAtRbhAvake AdhArapara eka kuTumbake rUpameM sammilita hoM, na koI kisIkA zAsaka ho na zAsya ho / saba sabake duHkha aura saMkaTakA dhyAna rakheM / sabake sAtha sabakA maitrI - bhAva ho / yadi saba rASTra apanI-apanI niyatoMkI saphAI karake isa tarahase eka sUtra meM ba~dhe to na to yuddha hoM aura na yuddhake abhizApoMse janatAko asIma kaSTa hI bhoganA par3e / Aja utpAdanake Upara eka rASTra yA jAtikA ekAdhikAra honese use apane lie dUra-dUrase kaccA mAla ma~gAnA par3atA hai aura taiyAra hue mAlako khapAneke lie bAjAroMkI bhI khoja karanI par3atI hai aura unapara apanA kAbU rakhanA par3atA hai| phira bhale hI ve bAjAra duniyAke kisI bhI bhAgameM kyoM na hoN| Aja isI paddhatike kAraNa duniyA karAha rahI hai| duniyAko isase mukta karaneke liye bhI hameM ahiMsAkA hI mArga apanAnA hogA / rASTroM aura jAtiyoMkI bhalAIkA sthAna vizvakI bhalAIko denA hogA / hamArA jIvana bhautika duniyAkI AvazyakatAoMke

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222 jainadharma anusAra nahIM calAyA jA sktaa| hameM banAvaTI taurapara pahale apanI jarUratoMko bar3hAne aura phira unako pUrA karanekI koziza nahIM karanI cAhiye / jIvanakA Ananda isapara nirbhara nahIM karatA ki hamAre pAsa kitanI jyAdA cIjeM haiM ? jo vyakti, samAja yA rASTra jIvanakI banAvaTI AvazyakatAoMko bar3hAkara usIkI pUrti ke lie prayatna karatA rahatA hai aura binA jarUrata ke cIjoM kA saMgraha karatA hai, vaha duHkhoM aura pApoMkA saMgraha karatA hai / isIse jainadharmane parigrahako pApa batalAyA hai aura pratyeka gRhastha ke lie yaha niyama rakhA hai ki vaha apanI icchAoMko sImita karake apanI AvazyakatAke anusAra sabhI Avazyaka vastuoMkI eka sImA nirdhArita kara le aura usase adhikakA tyAga kara de / Aja utpAdana aura vitaraNake praznane duniyA~ meM virATa rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA haiM, jisake kAraNa duniyA~kI Arthika viSamatAkA saMtulana karanA kaThina ho rahA hai| jainadharmake pravartaka zrIRSabhadevane yugake AdimeM manuSyoMkI isI saMcayavRttiko lakSyakara pratyeka gRhasthake lie parigraha parimANa vratakA nirdeza kiyA thA / usa vyavasthAmeM bhoga vilAsa jIvanakA dhyeya na thA / bhogapara jora denese hI vyavasthAkA AdhAra mauja, majA aura adhikAra ho gayA hai / jisakA AkhirI natIjA saMgharSa aura yuddhoMkA tA~tA hai| isake viruddha yadi hama anAvazyaka icchAoMke niyamanapara jora deM to jIvanapara niyaMtraNa kAyama hotA hai aura hamArI jarUrateM sImita ho jAtI haiM / jarUratoMko sImita kiye binA yadi kAnUnoMke AdhArapara utpAdana aura vitaraNakA prabandha kiyA bhI gayA to usameM saphalatA nahIM mila sakatI / yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki kAnUna kI bhASA aura usakA pAlana karAneke AdhAra itane lacara hote haiM ki manuSya apanI buddhike upayogake dvArA kAnUnoM ko bhaGga karake bhI bacA rahatA hai / vAstavameM naitika AcaraNakA pAlana balapUrvaka nahIM karAyA

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cAritra 223 jA sakatA / vaha bhItarIkI preraNAse hI ho sakatA hai / ataH kAnUna se adhika zaktizAlI aura lAbhadAyaka mArga AtmasaMyama hai jaba manuSya apanA aura samAjakA lAbha samajha kara usakA anusaraNa karane lagatA hai to vaha svayaM saMyamI banane kI koziza karane lagatA hai / isa taraha jaba saMyamI puruSa U~ce starapara pahu~ca jAtA hai to vaha svayaM udAharaNa banakara dUsaroMko bhI saMyamI bananekI satata preraNA detA hai aura isa taraha samAja ke naitika jIvanako unnata banAne meM nirantara yogadAna karatA rahatA hai / saMyamakI isI zikSAkA pariNAma brahmacarya aura aparigrahavrata haiM / yadi manuSyasamAjakI vAsanAoM aura lAlasAoMkA niyaMtraNa na kiyA jAyegA to usakA zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika svAsthya naSTa ho jAyegA aura usakA vikAsa ruka jAyegA / isa vivecanase hama isa natIje para pahu~cate haiM ki jainadharma meM pratyeka gRhastha ke lie jina pA~ca aNuvratoMkA pAlana karanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai, yadi unheM sAmAjika aura rAjanItika jIvanakA bhI AdhAra banAkara calA jAye to vizvakI aneka maulika samasyAe~ saralatAse sulajha sakatI haiN| aba raha jAtA hai madya, mAMsa aura madhukA tyAga tathA gRhastha ke anyatrata niyama | sabase yaha AzA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki saba unakA pAlana kreNge| phira bhI jo unakA pAlana karegA use zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTise lAbha hI hogA / madya aura mAMsa aisI cIjeM haiM jinheM manuSyake Ama bhojanameM sthAna denA Avazyaka nahIM hai| donoM hI tAmasika haiM aura tAmasika AhAra vihArake hote hue sAttvika bhAvoMkA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA / aura sAtvika bhAvoMkA vikAsa hue binA ahiMsaka vAtAvaraNa nahIM bana sakatA / aura ahiMsaka vAtAvaraNa banAye binA duniyAko sukha zAnti nasIba nahIM ho sakatI / ataH unakI orase manuSyoMkA mana yadi haTa sake to usase una manuSyoMkA tathA saMsArakA lAbha hI hogA / manuSya svabhAva na to acchA

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224 jainadharma hotA hai aura na buraa| vaha to kaccI gIlI miTTIke samAna hai / cAhe jisa rUpameM usakA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai / jina gharAnoMmeM madya mAMsase paraheja kiyA jAtA hai unameM janma lenevAle bacce una cIjoMse paraheja karate haiM aura jina gharAnoM meM unakA calana hai unameM janma lenevAle bacce usake abhyasta ho jAte haiN| isase siddha hai ki isa prakArakI vastuoMse manuSyoMko bacAyA jA sakatA hai vaha unakA prAkRtika AhAra nahIM / kintu jina dezoMmeM annakI kamI yA jalavAyuke prabhAvake kAraNa madya aura mAMsase ekadama paraheja karanA zakya nahIM hai una dezoM meM bhI unapara amuka prakArake pratibandha lagAkara kamase kama yaha bhAva to paidA kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ye cIjeM manuSyake liye grAhya nahIM haiM kintu paristhitivaza unheM khAnA par3atA hai / apanI zakti, paristhiti aura vyavasAya ke anusAra hiMsAkA tyAga karake bhI manuSya ahiMsakoMkI zreNImeM sammilita ho sakatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie koI kasAI apanI ajIvikAkA sAdhana honese yadi pazuhatyAkA tyAga nahIM kara sakatA to usake lie saptAha meM eka dina usakA tyAga kara denA yA amuka prakAra ke pazuoMkI amuka saMkhyAmeM hI hatyA karanekA niyama le lenA bhI ahiMsANutratakI jaghanya zreNImeM ginA jAtA haiN| jaina purANoM meM aise aneka udAharaNa pAye jAte haiN| yathA-eka munine eka mAMsAhArI bhIlase kauve kA mAMsa khAnA chur3avA diyA thA / isI prakAra eka machuveko yaha niyama dilA diyA thA ki usake jAlameM jo pahalI machalI AyegI use vaha nahIM maaregaa| eka cANDAlako, jo phA~sI lagAne kA kAma karatA thA, yaha niyama dilA diyA thA ki vaha caturdazIke dina kisIko phA~sI nahIM degaa| ina choTI pratijJAoMne hI unheM kuchase kucha banA diyA / ataH thor3A sA bhI pratibandha lagAkara yadi mAMsa aura madya sevanapara aMkuza rakhA jAye to unakA sevana karaneke abhyasta manuSya bhI unakI burAiyoMse baca sakate haiN| aura usase samAja

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15 cAritra 225 meM phailanevAlI bahutasI burAiyoMse samAjakA chuTakArA ho sakatA hai jainadharmake niyama yadyapi kar3e dikhAyI dete haiM kintu unake pAlanemeM manuSyakI zakti aura paristhitikA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai isalie unakI kaThoratA khalatI nahIM / usakA to eka hI dhyeya hai ki manuSya svayaM apanI aniyaMtrita svecchAcAritA para 'breka' lagAnA sIkhe aura burAIko karate hue bhI kamase kama itanA to na bhUle ki maiM burA karatA huuN| yaha aisI cIja hai jise hara koI kara sakatA hai| isI taraha vRddhAvasthA meM apane mAMsArika uttaradAyitvoMse avakAza lekara aura unakA bhAra apane uttarAdhikArIko mauMpakara yadi manuSya AtmasAdhanAkA mArga svIkAra kara liyA kareM to usase eka ora to kAryakSetrameM Aneke lie utsuka naye vyaniyoMko sthAna milane meM sahUliyata hogI, dUsarI ora kauTumbika kaTutA ghttegii| sAtha hI sAtha AdhyAtmika vikAsakA mArga bhI cAlU rahegA aura usase saMsArako bahuta lAbha phuNcegaa| 7. munikA cAritra muni yA sAdhuke 28 mUlagaNa hote haiN| 1-5 pA~ca mahAvrataahiMsA mahAvrata, satya mahAvrata, acaurya mahAvana, brahmacarya mahAvrata aura aparigraha mahAvata / zrAvaka jina pA~ca vratoMkA eka dezase pAlana karatA hai sAdhu unheM hI pUrI tarahase pAlate haiN| arthAt ve chahoM kAyake jIvoMkA ghAta nahIM karate aura rAga,dveSa, kAma, krodha Adi bhAvAMko utpanna nahIM hone dete / apane prANoMpara saMkaTa Anepara bhI kabhI jhUTha nahIM bolate / binA dI huI koI bhI vastu nahIM lete| pUrNa zIlakA pAlana karate haiM aura antaraMga tathA bahiraMga, sabhI prakArake parigrahake tyAgI hote haiN| kevala zauca Adike lie pAnI Avazyaka honese eka kamaMDalu

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indriyoMko acche lagate haiM unase badana sAmAyika amAna 226 jainadharma aura jIvarakSAke liye morake svayaM gire hue paMkhoMkI eka pIchI apane pAsa rakhate haiN| 6-10 pA~ca samiti-dinameM sUrya ke prakAzase prakAzita jamInako acchI tarahase dekhakara calate haiN| jaba bolate haiM to hita aura mita vacana bolate haiN| dinameM eka bAra zrAvakake ghara jAkara, yadi vaha zraddhA aura bhaktike sAtha bhojanake lie nivedana kare to chiyAlIsa dopa TAlakara bhojana karate haiN| apane kamaMDalu aura pIchI vagairahako dekhabhAlakara hAthameM lete haiM aura dekhabhAlakara rakhate haiN| malamUtra vagairaha aise sthAnapara karate haiM jahA~ kisIko bhI usase kaSTa pahu~canekI saMbhAvanA na ho| 11-15 pA~coM indriyoMko vazameM rakhate haiM jo viSaya indriyoMko acche lagate haiM unase rAga nahIM karate aura jo viSaya indriyoMko bure lagate haiM unase dveSa nahIM krte| ____16-21 cha Avazyaka-pratidina sAmAyika karate haiM, tIrthakaroMkI stuti karate haiM, unheM namaskAra karate haiM, pramAdase lage hue doSoMkA zodhana karate haiM, bhaviSyameM laga sakanevAle doSoMse bacaneke lie ayogya vastuoMkA mana, vacana aura kAyase tyAga karate haiM aura lage hue doSoMkA zodhana karaneke lie athavA tapakI vRddhike lie, athavA karmokI nirjarAke lie kAyotsarga karate haiN| khar3e hokara, donoM bhujAoMko nIcekI ora laTakAkara, pairake donoM paMjoMko eka sIdhameM cAra aMgulake antarase rakhakara sAdhuke nizcala AtmadhyAnameM lIna honeko kAyotsarga kahate haiN| 22-snAna nahIM krte| gRhasthake ghara jaba AhArake lie jAte haiM to gRhastha hI unakA zarIra poMcha dete haiN| 23-dantadhAvana nahIM krte| bhojana karaneke samaya gRhasthake gharapara hI mukhazuddhi kara lete haiN| 24-pRthvIpara sote haiN| 25-khar3e hokara bhojana karate haiN|

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cAritra 227 26-dinameM eka bAra hI bhojana karate haiN| 27-nagna rahate haiN| 28-kezaloMca karate haiN| ina 28 mUlaguNoMkA pAlana pratyeka jaina sAdhu karatA hai| usake Upara yadi koI kaSTa AtA hai to vaha usase vicalita nahIM hotA / bhUkha pyAsako vedanAse pIr3ita honepara bhI kisIke Age hAtha nahIM pasAratA aura na mukhapara dInatAke bhAva hI lAtA hai| jaise videzI sarakArase asahayoga karanevAle satyAgrahI dezakI AjAdIke lie jelameM DAla diyA jAnepara bhI na kisIse pharyAda karate the aura na kaSToMse Ubakara mAphI mA~gate the kintu apane lakSyakI pUrtimeM hI tatpara rahate the usI prakAra jaina sAdhu sAMsArika bandhanoMke kAraNoMse asahayoga karake kaSToMse na ghabarA kara AtmAko muktike lie sadA udyogazIla rahatA hai| jo loga use satAte haiM, duHkha dete haiM, apazabda kahate haiM, unapara vaha krodha nahIM karatA / use kisIse lar3AI jhagar3A karanekA koI prayojana nahIM hai vaha to apane kartavyameM masta rahatA hai| usake lie zatru-mitra, mahala-smazAna, kaMcana-kA~ca, nindAstuti, saba samAna haiN| yadi koI usakI pUjA karatA hai to use bhI vaha AzIrvAda detA hai aura yadi koI usapara talavArase vAra karatA hai to usakI bhI hitakAmanA karatA hai| use na kisIse rAga hotA hai aura na kisIpara dveSa / rAga aura dveSako dUra karaneke lie hI to vaha sAdhukA AcaraNa pAlatA hai| jaisA ki likhA hai mohatimirApaharaNe darzanalAbhAdavAptasaMjJAnaH / rAgadveSanivRtya caraNaM pratipadyate sAdhuH // 47 // rAgadveSanivRtte hiMsAdinivartanA kRtA bhavati / anapekSitArthavRttiH kaH puruSaH sevate nRpatIn ||48||-rtnkr0yaa0 arthAt-'moharUpI andhakArake dUra ho jAne para samyagda

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228 jainadharma rzanakI prApti honeke sAtha hI sAtha jise saccA jJAna bhI prApta ho gayA hai, vaha sAdhu rAga aura dvepako dUra karaneke lie cAritrakA pAlana karatA hai| (isa para yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki cAritra to hiMsA vagairaha pApoMse bacaneke lie pAlA jAtA hai na ki rAgadveSakI nivRttike lie; kyoMki jainadharmameM ahiMsA hI ArAdhya hai / to usakA samAdhAna karate haiM) rAga aura dveSake dUra ho jAnepara hiMsA vagairaha pApa to svayaM hI dUra ho jAte haiN| kyoMki jisa manuSyako AjIvikAkI cintA nahIM hai vaha rAjAoMko sevA karane kyoM jAyegA ? ataH jise kisIse rAga aura dveSa hI nahIM rahA vaha hiMsA vagairahake kArya karegA hI kyoM ? ___ ataH sAdhu bAhirI samasta bAtoMse itanA udAsIna ho jAtA hai ki vaha kisIkI ora apekSAvRttise dhyAna hI nahIM detaa| jainadharmameM sAdhuko atyanta 'nirIha vRttivAlA aura atyanta saMyata batalAyA hai, tathA isIlie usakI AvazyakatAe~ atyanta parimita rakhI gayI haiN| sAdhu honeke lie use saba vastra utArakara nagna honA par3atA hai isase eka ora to usakI nirvikAratA spaSTa ho jAtI hai dUsarI ora use apanI nagnatAko DhA~kaneke lie kisIse yAcanA nahIM karanA pdd'tii| jo nirvikAra nahIM hai vaha kabhI buddhipUrvaka nagna ho nahIM sktaa| vikArako chipAneke lie hI manuSya la~goTI lagAtA hai / aura yadi la~goTI phaTa jAye yA khoI jAye to use calanA phiranA kaThina ho jAtA hai| kintu bacapanameM vahI manuSya naMgA ghUmatA hai. use dekhakara kisIko lajjA nahIM hotI, kyoMki vaha svayaM nirvikAra hai| jaba usameM vikAra Ane lagatA hai tabhI vaha nagnatAse sakucAne lagatA hai aura use chipAneke lie AvaraNa lagAtA hai / prakRti to sabako digambara hI paidA karatI hai pIchese manuSya kRtrimatAke ADambarameM phaMsa jAtA hai| ataH jo sAdhu hotA hai vaha kRtrimatAko haTAkara prAkRtika sthitimeM A jAtA hai| use phira

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cAritra 229 kRtrima upakaraNoMkI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| isIlie sira aura dAr3hI mUchoMke kezoMko dUsare, cauthe athavA chaThe mahInemeM vaha apane hAthase upAra DAlatA hai| sAdhutvakI dIkSA lete samaya bhI use kezoMkA lucana karanA hotA hai| aisA karaneke kaI kAraNa haiM-prathama to aisA karanese jo sukhazIla vyakti haiM aura kisI gharelU kaThinAI yA anya kisI kAraNase sAdhu bananA cAhate haiM ve jaldI isa ora agrasara nahIM hote aura isa taraha pAkhaNDiyoMse sAdhusaMghakA bacAva ho jAtA hai| dUsare, sAdhu honepara yadi keza rakhate haiM to unameM jUM vagairaha par3anese ve hiMsAke kAraNa bana jAte haiM aura yadi maurakarma karAte haiM to usake lie dUsaroMsa paisA vagairaha mA~ganA par3atA hai| ataH vairAgya vagairahakI vRddhi ke lie yatijanAMko kezaloMca karanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai| __ liMga cihnako kahate haiN| jina liMga yA cihnAMse munikI pahacAna hotI hai ve munike liMga kahalAte haiN| liMga do prakArake hote haiM dravyaliMga arthAt bAhyacihna aura bhAvaliMga arthAt abhyantara cihna / janamunike ye donoM cihna isa prakAra batalAye haiM "jadhajAdarUvajAdaM uppADidakasamaMsugaM suddhaM / rahidaM himAdIdo appaDikammaM hadi liMgaM // 5 // mucchArambhavimukkaM juttaM uvajogajogamuddhIhi / ligaM Na parAvekhaM apuNabhavakAraNaM jeNhaM // 6 ||-prvcnsaa0 / / 'manuSya jaisA utpanna hotA hai vaisA hI usakA rUpa ho arthAt nagna ho, sira aura dAr3hI mUchoMke bAla ukhAr3e hue hoM, samasta bure kAmoMsa bacA huA ho, himA Adi pApAMsa rahita ho aura apane zarIrakA samkAra vagairaha na karatA ho| yaha saba to jaina sAdhuke bAhya cihna hai / tathA mamatva aura Arambhase mukta ho, upayoga aura mana vacana kAyakI zuddhise yukta ho, dUsaroMkI raMcamAtra bhI apekSA na rakhatA ho| ye saba Abhyantara cihna haiM jo mokSake kAraNa haiN|'

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jainadharma isa yugameM yaha prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki bAhirI cihnakI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? magara bAhirI cihnoMse hI AbhyantarakI pahacAna hotI hai / A~khoMse to bAhirI cihna hI dekhe jAte haiM unhIMko dekhakara loga unake abhyantarako pahacAnanekA prayatna karate haiM / tathA lokameM bhI mudrAkI hI mAnyatA hai / rAjamudrAke honese hI jarA sA kAgaja hajAroM rupayoM meM bika jAtA hai / ataH dravyaliMga bhI Avazyaka hai / 230 isa taraha jainadharma meM sAdhuko bilkula nirapekSa rakhanekA ho prayatna kiyA gayA hai / phira bhI use zarIrako banAye rakhaneke lie bhojanakI AvazyakatA hotI hai aura usake lie use gRhasthoMke ghara jAnA par3atA hai / vahA~ jAkara bhI vaha kisIke gharameM nahIM jAtA aura na kisIse kucha mA~gatA hI hai / kevala bhojanake samaya vaha gRhasthoMke dvAraparase nikala jAtA hai| gRhasthoMke lie yaha Avazyaka hotA hai ki ve bhojana taiyAra honepara apane-apane dvArapara khar3e hokara sAdhukI pratIkSA kreN| yadi koI sAdhu udharase nikalatA hai to use dekhate hI ve kahate haiM'svAmina Thahariye, Thahariye, Thahariye / ' yadi sAdhu Thahara jAte haiM to vaha unheM apane gharameM le jAkara U~ce Asanapara baiThA detA hai| phira unheM namaskAra karatA hai / phira kahatA hai-mana zuddha, vacana zuddha, kAya zuddha aura anna zuddha / ' ina saba kAryoMko navadhA bhakti kahate haiM / navadhA bhakti ke karanepara hI sAdhu bhojanazAlA meM padhArate haiM / isa navadhA bhaktise eka to sAdhuko sadgRhasthakI pahacAna ho jAtI hai-ve jAna jAte haiM ki yaha gRhastha pramAdI hai yA apramAdI ? isake yahA~ bhojana sAvadhAnI - se banAyA gayA hai yA asAvadhAnIse ? dUsare, isase gRhasthake manameM avajJAkA bhAva nahIM rahatA aura isalie vaha jo kucha detA hai vaha bhAra samajhakara nahIM detA kintu apanA kartavya samajhakara prasannatAse detA hai| jahA~ sAdhu mA~gate haiM aura gRhastha unheM duradurAte haiM vahA~ sAdhu na AtmakalyANa kara pAtA hai aura na

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cAritra 231 para kalyANa hI kara pAtA hai / isalie jaina sAdhu vidhipUrvaka diye jAnepara hI bhojana grahaNa karate haiM / anyathA lauTa jAte haiM / bhojanazAlA meM jAkara ve khar3e ho jAte haiM aura donoM hAthoM ko dhokara aMjuli banA lete haiN| gRhastha unakI bAe~ hAthakI hathelI para grAsa banAkara rakhatA jAtA hai aura ve use acchI tarahase dekha bhAlakara dAyeM hAthakI aMguliyoMse uThA uThAkara mu~ha meM rakhate jAte haiM / yadi grAsameM koi jIva jantu yA bAla dikhAyI de jAtA hai, to bhojana chor3a dete haiN| bhojanake bahuta se antarAya jaina zAstroM meM batalAye gaye haiM / pahale likha Aye haiM ki bhojana kevala jIvanake lie kiyA jAtA hai aura jIvana rakSaNakA uddezya kevala dharmasAdhana hai / ataH jahA~ thor3IsI bhI dharmameM bAdhA AtI hai bhojanako turanta chor3a dete haiN| hAthameM bhojana karanA bhI isaliye batalAyA hai ki yadi antarAya ho jAye to bahutasA jhUThA anna chor3anA na par3e, kyoMki thAlI meM bhojana karanese antarAya ho jAnepara bharI huI thAlI bhI chor3anI par3a sakatI hai| dUsare, pAtra hAthameM lekara bhojanake lie nikalanese dInatA bhI mAlUma hotI hai| gRhasthake pAtra meM khAnese pAtrako mA~jane dhonekA jhagar3A rahatA hai, tathA pAtrameM khAnese baiThakara khAnA hogA, jo sAdhuke liye ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki baiThakara khAnese sAdhu ArAmase amaryAdita AhAra kara sakatA haiM tathA sukhazIla bana sakatA hai / ataH khar3e hokara AhAra karanA hI usake lie vidheya rakhA gayA hai / sAdhuko apanA adhikAMza samaya svAdhyAyameM hI bitAnA hotA hai / svAdhyAyake cAra kAla batalAye haiM- prAtaH do ghar3I dina bItanepara svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhiye aura madhyAhna honese do ghar3I pahale samApta kara denA caahiye| phira madhyAhnake bAda do ghar3I bItanepara svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhiye aura jaba dina asta hone meM do ghar3I kAla bAkI rahe to samApta kara denA cAhiye / phira do ghar3I rAta bIta jAnepara svAdhyAya prArambha

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232 jainadharma karanA cahiye / aura AdhI rAtakA anta honese do ghar3I pahale samApta kara denA caahiye| phira AdhI rAta honeke do ghar3I bAdase svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhiye aura rAtakA anta honemeM do ghar3I bAkI rahanepara samAptakara denA cAhiye / sAdhukI dinacaryA sAdhuko cAhiye ki madhya rAtrimeM 4 ghar3Itaka nidrA lekara, thakAna dUra karake, svAdhyAya prArambha kare aura jaba rAta vItanemeM do ghar3I kAla zepa raha jAya to svAdhyAya samApta karake pratikramaNa kare / khUba abhyasta yogI bhI kSaNabharake pramAdase samAdhicyuta ho jAtA hai | ataH sAdhuko sadA apramAdI rahanA caahiye| tInoM saMdhyAoM meM jinadevakI vandanA karanI cAhiye aura cittako sthira karane ke lie unake guNAMkA cintana karanA cAhiye / kAyotsarga karate samaya hRdayakamalameM prANavAyuke sAtha manakA niyamana karake 'Namo arahaMtANaM Namo siddhANaM' kA dhyAna karanA cAhiye / phira dhIre-dhIre vAyuko nikAla denA caahiye| phira prANavAyuko andara le jAkara 'Namo AiriyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM' kA dhyAna karanA cAhiye, aura vAyuko dhIre-dhIre bAhara nikAla denA cAhiye / phira prANavAyuko andara le jAkara ' Namo loe savva sAhUNaM' kA dhyAna karanA cAhiye aura vAyuko dhIre-dhIre bAhara nikAlanA cAhiye / isa prakAra nau bAra karanese cirasaMcita pApa naSTa hote haiN| jo sAdhu prANa vAyuko niyamana kara sakane meM samartha na hoM ve vacanake dvArA hI Upara likhe gaye pA~ca namaskAra maMtroM kA japa kara sakate haiN| yaha paMca namaskAra maMtra samasta vighnoM ko naSTa karanevAlA aura saba maGgaloMmeM mukhya maMgala mAnA gayA haiM / kAyotsarga ke pazcAt stuti vandanA Adi karake AtmAkA dhyAna karanA cAhiye, kyoMki AtmadhyAnake binA mumukSu sAdhukI koI bhI kriyA mokSasAdhaka nahIM hotI / isa prakAra prAtaH kAlIna devabandanAko karake phira siddhoMkI, zAstrakI aura apane guru AcArya vagairahakI bhakti karanI

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cAritra 233 caahiye| isa prakAra prabhAtameM do ghar3Itaka prAtaHkAlIna kRtya karake phira sAdhuko svAdhyAya karanA caahiye| usake bAda bhojana karanekI icchA honepara zAstrokta vidhike anusAra bhojana grahaNa karanA cAhiye / aura bhojana samApta hone para agale dinatakake lie bhojanakA tyAga kara denA caahiye| phira lage hue doSoMkA zodhana karake madhyAhnake bAda do ghar3I bInanepara svAdhyAya karanA caahiye| jaba dina do ghar3I bAkI rahe to svAdhyAya samApta karake aura dina bharake dopoMkA parimArjana karake AcAryakI vandanA karanI cAhiye / phira devabandanA karake do ghar3I rAta jAnepara svAdhyAya prArambha karanA cAhiye aura AdhI rAta hone meM do ghar3I bAkI raha jAnepara samApta kara denA cAhiye / phira cAra ghar3Itaka bhUmimeM eka karavaTasa zayana karanA cAhiye / yaha sAdhukA nitya kRtya hai| naimittika kRtya mUlAcAra, anagAradharmAmRta Adi granthoMse jAnA jA sakatA hai| sAdhuke sambandhameM aura jo bAteM jaina zAstroM meM likhI haiM unameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM___ sAdhu java dhUpase chAyAmeM yA chAyAse dhUpameM jAte haiM to morapaMkhI pIchIse apane zarIrako sApha karake jAte haiN| isI taraha jaba baiThate haiM to usa sthAnako pIchIse sApha karake baiThate haiM jisase koI jIva jantu unake nIce dabakara mara na jAya / jisa gharameM pazu ba~dhe hoM yA koI burA kArya hotA ho usa gharameM sAdhuko bhojanake lie nahIM jAnA cAhiye tathA gharake andara jAkara bAra-bAra dAtAkI ora nahIM dekhanA cAhiye / yadi saMghameM koI sAdhu bImAra ho jAye to usakI kabhI bhI upanA nahIM karanA cAhiye / akelaM sAdhuko kahIM nahIM jAnA cAhiye, jaba kahIM jAye to dUsare sAdhuke sAtha hI jAnA cAhiye / guruko dekhate hI uTha khar3e honA cAhiye aura unheM namaskAra karanA caahiye| guru jo vastu haiM use atyanta Adarake sAtha donoM hAthoMse lenA cAhiye aura lekara punaH namaskAra karanA

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234 jainadharma cAhiye / jinhoMne dIkSA dI ho, jo par3hAte hoM, prAyazcitta dete hoM aura samAdhimaraNa karAte hoM ve saba guru hote haiN| prANa cale jAnepara bhI sAdhuko dInatA nahIM dikhalAnA caahiye| bhUkhase zarIrakA kRza aura malina honA sAdhuke lie bhUSaNa hai, pavitra manavAlA sAdhu usase lajAtA nahIM hai / jisakA mana zuddha hai use hI zuddha kahA jAtA hai / mana zuddhike binA snAna karanepara bhI zuddhi nahIM hotI / sAdhuko citrameM aMkita bhI strIkA sparza nahIM karanA caahiye| jinakA smaraNa bhI khataranAka hai unako sparza karanA to dUrakI bAta hai / sAdhuko rAtrimeM aise sthAnapara nahIM sonA cAhiye jahA~ striyA~ rahatI hoM / na sAdhviyoM ke sAtha mArgameM calanA hI cAhiye / tathA ekAkI sAdhuko kisI ekAkI strIke sAtha na gapazapa karanI cAhiye, na bhojana karanA cAhiye aura na baiThanA hI cAhiye / jahA~ vAsa karanese sAdhukA mana caMcala ho usa dezako chor3a denA cAhiye / jo pA~coM prakArake vakhase rahita haiM ve hI nirgrantha kahalAte haiM, anyathA sonA-cA~dI vagairaha kauna sAdhu rakhatA hai ? parigrahakI burAiyA~ batalAte hue eka jainAcAryane ThIka hI likhA hai "parigrahavAM sarvAM bhayamavazyamApadyate / prakopaparihisane ca paruSAnRtavyAhRtI / mamatvamatha corato svamanasazca vibhrAntatA kutohi kaluSAtmanAM paramazukla saddhyAnatA // 42 // " pAtrake 0 sto0 | 'parigrahavAloMko cora AdikA bhaya avazya satAtA hai / corI ho jAnepara gussA aura mAra DAlaneke bhAva hote haiM, kaThora aura asatya vacana bolatA hai / mamatva honese mana bhrAnta ho jAtA hai / aisI sthitimeM kaluSita AtmAvAle sAdhuoMko utkRSTa zukla dhyAna kaise ho sakatA hai / ' ataH sAdhuko bilkula aparigrahI honA cAhiye /

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cAritra 235 Upara sAdhuko jo caryA batalAyI hai usase spaSTa hai ki jainadharmameM sAdhu jIvana bar3A kaThora hai| jo saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoMkI asAratAko hRdayaMgama kara cuke haiM, ve hI use apanA sakate haiN| sukhazIla manuSyoMkI gujara usameM nahIM ho sktii| jaina sAdhukA jIvana bitAnA sacamuca 'talavArakI dhArapai dhAvano' hai| Ajakalake sukhazIla logoMko sAdhu jIvanakI yaha kaThoratA sambhavataH sahya na ho aura ve ise vyartha smjheN| kintu unheM yaha na bhUla jAnA cAhiye ki AjAdI prApta karanA kitanA kaThina hai ? jisa dezapara videzI zakti prabhutA jamA baiThatI hai, vahA~se use nikAlanA kitanA kaThina hotA hai yaha hama bhuktabhogI bhAratIyoMse chipA nhiiN| phira agaNita bhavoMse jo karmabandhana AtmAse baMdhe hue haiM unase mukti saralatAse kaise ho sakatI hai ? zarIra aura indriyA~ AtmAke sAthI nahIM haiM kintu usako parataMtra banAye rakhanevAle kamoMke sAthI haiM / jo unheM apanA samajhakara unake lAlana-pAlanako cintA karatA hai vaha karmokI jaMjIroMko aura dRr3ha karatA hai| inakI upamA aMgrejI zAsanake una prabandhakoMse kI jA sakatI hai jinheM janatAko jAna-mAlakA rakSaka kahA jAtA thA kintu jo avasara milate hI A~kheM badalakara bhakSaka bana jAte the| ataH apanA kAma nikAlane bharake lie hI inakI apekSA karanI cAhiye aura kAma nikala jAnepara unheM mu~ha nahIM lagAnA caahiye| yahI dRSTikoNa sAdhukI caryA meM rakhA gayA hai / jaina siddhAntakA yaha bhI Azaya nahIM hai ki duHkha uThAnese hI mukti milatI hai| gusse meM Akara svayaM kaSTa uThAnA yA dUsaroMko kaSTa denA burA hai| kintu saMsArakI vAstavika sthitiko jAnakara usase apaneko mukta karaneke lie muktike mArgameM paira rakhanepara duHkhoMkI paravAha nahIM kI jaatii| jaisA ki likhA hai 'na duHkhaM na sukhaM yadvad heturdRSTazcikitsite / cikitsAyA~ tu yuktasya syAd duHkhamathavA sukham / /

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236 jainadharma na duHkhaM na sukhaM tadvat heturmokSasya sAdhane / ___ mokSopAye tu yuktasya syAd duHkhamathavA sukham // ' svaarth0|| arthAt-'jaise rogase chuTakArA pAnemeM na duHkha hI kAraNa hai aura na sukha hI kAraNa hai, kintu cikitsAmeM laganepara duHkha ho athavA sukha ho| usI taraha mokSakA sAdhana karanemeM na duHkha hI kAraNa hai aura na sukha hI kAraNa hai| kintu muktikA upAya karanepara cAhe duHkha ho yA sukha ho, usakI paravAha nahIM kI jaato|' ___ ataH sAdhukI caryAkI kaThoratA sAdhuko jAna bUjhakara duHkhI karaneke uddezyase nirdhArita nahIM kI gayI hai kintu use sAvadhAna, kaSTasahiSNu aura sadA jAgarUka rakhaneke lie kI gayI hai| ____ kucha loga sAdhu ke snAna aura dantadhAvana na karaneko burI nigAhase dekhate haiM, kintu unake na karanepara bhI jaina sAdhukI zArIrika svacchatA darzanIya hotI hai| kucha loga kahate haiM ki jaina sAdhuoMke dAtoMpara mala jamA rahatA hai aura usapara yadi paisA cipaka jAye to use utkRSTa sAdhu kahA jAtA hai| kintu yaha saba dantakathA mAtra haiM, dA~toMpara maila tabhI jamatA hai jaba A~toMmeM mala bharA rahatA hai| jaina sAdhu eka bAra meM parimita aura halkA AhAra lete haiM ataH na A~toMmeM mala rahatA hai aura na dA~toMpara vaha jamatA hai| ekabAra kisIne likhA thA ki jaina sAdhu apane pAsa eka jhAr3a rakhate haiM usase ve calate samaya Age jhAr3akara calate haiN| yaha bhI korI gappa hI hai| mora paMkhakI pIchI zarIra aura baiThanekA sthAna vagairaha zodhanemeM kAma AtI hai, vaha jhAr3a nahIM hai| ye saba dvaSI athavA nAsamajha logoMkI kalpanAe~ haiN| jaina sAdhukA zarIra asvaccha ho sakatA hai, kintu usakI AtmA atisvaccha hotI hai / 8. guNasthAna jaina siddhAntameM saMsArake saba jIvoMko caudaha sthAnoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA hai| una sthAnoMko guNasthAna kahate haiN| guNa

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cAritra 237 yA svabhAva pA~ca prakArake hote haiM-- audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura pAriNAmika / jo guNa karmoMke udayase utpanna hotA hai use audayika kahate haiN| jo guNa kama upazama- anudayase hotA hai use aupazamika kahate haiN| jo guNa karmoMke kSaya-vinAzase prakaTa hotA hai use kSAyika kahate haiM / jo guNa karmoMke kSaya aura upazamase hotA hai use kSAyopazamika kahate haiM aura jo guNa karmoMke udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama ke binA svabhAvase hI hotA hai use pAriNAmika kahate haiM / cU~ki jIva ina guNavAlA hotA hai isalie AtmA ko bhI guNanAmase kahA jAtA hai aura usake sthAna guNasthAna kahe jAte haiN| ve caudaha haiM midhyAdRSTi sAsAdana samyagdRSTi samyagamidhyAdRSTi, asaMyatasamyagdRSTi, saMyatAsaMyata, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttivAdarasAmparAya, sUkSmasAmparAya, upazAntakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha, kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha, sayoga kevalI aura ayoga kevalI / cU~ki ye guNasthAna AtmAke guNoMke vikAsako lekara mAne gaye haiM isalie ekadRSTise ye AdhyAtmika utthAna aura patanake cArTa jaise haiM / inheM hama AtmAkI bhUmikAe~ bhI kaha sakate haiN| pahale kahe gaye ATha karmoM meM se sabase prabala mohanIyakarma hai / yaha karma hI AtmAkI samasta zaktiyoMko vikRta karake na to use sacce mArgakA - AtmasvarUpakA bhAna hone detA hai aura na usa mArga para calane detA hai| kintu jyoM ho AtmAke Uparase mohakA pardA haTane lagatA hai tyoM hI usake guNa vikasita hone lagate haiM / ataH ina guNasthAnoMkI racanAmeM mohake car3hAva aura utArakA hI jyAdA hAtha hai / inakA svarUpa saMkSepameM kramazaH isa prakAra hai 1. mithyAdRSTi -- mohanIya karmake eka bheda midhyAtvake udayase jo jIva apane hitAhitakA vicAra nahIM kara sakate, athavA vicAra kara sakanepara bhI ThIka vicAra nahIM kara sakate

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238 jainadharma ve jIva mithyAdRSTi kahe jAte haiN| jaise jvaravAleko madhura rasa bhI acchA mAlUma nahIM hotA vaise hI unheM bhI dharma acchA nahIM mAlUma hotA / saMsArake adhikatara jIva isI zreNIke hote haiM / 2. sAsAdanasamyagdRSTi - jo jIva mithyAtva karmake udayako haTAkara samyagdRSTi ho jAtA hai vaha jaba samyaktvase cyuta hokara mithyAtva meM jAtA hai to donoMke bIcakA yaha darjA hotA hai| jaise pahAr3akI coTIse yadi koI AdamI lur3ake to jabataka vaha jamInameM nahIM A jAtA tabataka use na pahAr3IkI coTIpara hI kahA jA sakatA hai aura na jamInapara hI, vaise hI ise bhI jAnanA cAhiye / samyaktva coTIke samAna hai, midhyAtva jamInake samAna hai aura yaha guNasthAna bIcake DhAlU mArgake samAna hai / ataH jaba koI jIva Age kahe jAnevAle cauthe guNasthAnase giratA hai tabhI yaha guNasthAna hotA hai / isa guNasthAnameM Aneke bAda jIva niyamase pahale guNasthAnameM pahu~ca jAtA hai| 3. samyagUmidhyAdRSTi -- jaise dahI aura gur3ako milA denepara donoMkA milA huA svAda hotA hai usI prakAra eka hI kAlameM samyaktva aura mithyAtvarUpa mile hue pariNAmoMko samyagmithyAdRSTi kahate haiM | 4. asaMyatasamyagdRSTi - jisa jIvakI dRSTi arthAt zraddhA samIcIna hotI hai use samyagdRSTi kahate haiM / aura jo jIba samyagdRSTi to hotA hai kintu saMyama nahIM pAlatA vaha asaMyata samyagdRSTi kahA jAtA hai| kahA bhI hai G 'No iMdiyesu virado No jIve thAvare tase vA vi / jo saddahadi jiNataM sammAiTThI avirado so // 29 // ' -go0 jIva0 'jo na to indriyoMke viSayoMse virakta hai aura na trasa aura sthAvara jIvoMko hiMsAkA hI tyAgI hai, kintu jinendradeva dvArA

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cAritra 239 kahe gaye mArgakA zraddhAna karatA hai, tathA jise usapara dRr3ha AsthA hai, vaha jIva asaMyata samyagdRSTi hai|' Ageke saba guNasthAna samyagdRSTike hI hote haiN| ___5. saMyatAsaMyata-jo saMyata bhI ho aura asaMyata bhI ho use saMyatAsaMyata kahate haiN| arthAt jo trasa jIvoMkI hiMsAkA tyAgI hai aura yathAzakti apanI indriyoMpara bhI niyaMtraNa rakhatA hai use saMyatAsaMyata kahate haiN| pahale jo gRhasthakA cAritra batalAyA hai vaha saMyatAsaMyatakA hI cAritra hai / vratI gRhasthoMko hI saMyatAsaMyata kahate haiM / isa guNasthAnase Ageke jitane guNasthAna haiM ve saba saMyamakI hI mukhyatAse hote haiN| 6. pramatta saMyata-jo pUrNa saMyamako pAlate hue bhI pramAdake kAraNa usameM kabhI-kabhI kucha asAvadhAna ho jAte haiM una muniyoMko pramatta saMyata kahate haiN| 7. apramattasaMyata-jopramAdake na honese askhalita saMyamakA pAlana karate haiM, dhyAnameM magna una muniyoMko apramatta saMyata kahate haiN| sAtaveM guNasthAnase Age do zreNiyA~ prArambha hotI haiM eka upazama zreNi aura dUsarI kSapakazreNi / zreNikA matalaba hai paMkti yA katAra / jisa zreNipara yaha jIva koMkA upazama karatA huA-unheM dabAtA huA car3hatA hai use upazama zreNi kahate haiM aura jisa zreNipara koMko naSTa karatA car3hatA hai use jhapaka zreNi kahate / pratyeka zreNImeM cAra-cAra guNasthAna hote haiN| AThavA~, nauvA~ aura dasavA~ guNasthAna upazama zreNimeM bhI zAmila hai aura kSapaka zreNimeM bhI zAmila hai / gyArahavA~ guNasthAna kevala upazama zreNikA hI hai aura bArahavA~ guNasthAna kevala kSapaka zreNikA hai| ye sabhI guNasthAna kramazaH hote haiM aura dhyAnameM magna muniyoMke hI hote haiN| 8. apUrva karaNa-karaNa zabdakA artha pariNAma hai| aura

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240 jainadharma jo pahala nahIM hue unheM apUrva kahate haiN| dhyAnameM magna jina muniyoMke pratyeka samayameM apUrva apUrva pariNAma yAnI bhAva hote haiM unheM apUrvakaraNa guNasthAnavAlA kahA jAtA hai| isa guNasthAnameM na to kisI karmakA upazama hotA hai aura na ya hotA hai| kintu usake lie taiyArI hotI hai, jIvake bhAva prati samaya unnata, unnata hote cale jAte haiN| 9. anivRtti bAdara sAmparAya-samAna samayavartI jIvoMke pariNAmoMmeM koI bheda na honeko anivRtti kahate haiN| apUrvakaraNa kI taraha yadyapi yahA~ bhI prati samaya apUrva-apUrva pariNAma hI hote haiM kintu apUrvakaraNameM to eka samayameM aneka pariNAma honese samAna samayavartI jIvoMke pariNAma samAna bhI hote haiM aura asamAna bhI hote haiN| parantu isa guNasthAnameM eka samayameM eka hI pariNAma honeke kAraNa samAna samayameM rahanevAle sabhI jIvoMke pariNAma samAna hI hote haiN| una pariNAmoMko anivRttikaraNa kahate haiM / aura bAdara samparAyakA artha 'sthUlakapAya' hotA hai / isa anivRttikaraNake honepara dhyAnastha muni yA to karmoMko davA detA hai yA unheM naSTa kara DAlatA hai| yahA~ takake saba guNasthAnoMmeM sthUlakapAya pAyI jAtI hai, yaha batalAneke lie isa guNasthAnake nAmake sAtha 'bAdara sAmparAya' pada jor3A gayA hai| kahA bhI hai 'hoti aNiyaTiTNo te paDisamayaM jesimakkapariNAmA / vimalayarajhANahuyavahasihAhi giddaDDhakammavaNA // 57 / / ' 've jIva anivRttikaraNa pariNAmavAle kahalAte haiM, jinake pratisamaya eka hI pariNAma hotA hai, aura jo atyanta nirmala dhyAnarUpI agniko zikhAoMse karmarUpI vanako jalA DAlate haiN|' 10. sUkSma sAmparAya-ukta prakArake pariNAmoMke dvArA jo dhyAnastha muni kaSAyako sUkSma kara DAlate haiM unheM sUkSma samparAya guNasthAnabAlA kahA jAtA hai|

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16 cAritra 241 11. upazAntakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha -- upazama zreNipara car3hanevAle dhyAnastha muni jaba usa sUkSmakaSAyako bhI dabA dete haiM to unheM upazAntakaSAya kahate haiM / isameM kaSAyako bilkula dabA diyA jAtA hai| ataeva kaSAyakA udaya na honese isakA nAma upazAntakaSAya vItarAga hai / kintu isameM pUrNa jJAna aura darzanako rokanevAle karma maujUda rahate haiM isaliye ise chadmastha bhI kahate haiN| pahale likha Aye haiN| ki Age bar3hanevAle dhyAnI muni AThaveM guNasthAnase do zreNiyoM meM ba~Ta jAte haiN| unameM se upazama zreNivAle mohako dhIre-dhIre sarvathA davA dete haiM para use nirmUla nahIM kara pAte / ataH jaise kisI bartana meM bharI huI bhApa apane vegase Dhakkanako nIce girA detI hai, vaise hI isa guNasthAnameM Anepara dabA huA moha upazama zraNivAle AtmAoM ko apane vegase nIcekI ora girA detA hai| K 12. kSINakapAya vItarAga chadmastha - kSapaka zreNipara car3hanevAle muni mohako dhIre-dhIre naSTa karate-karate jaba sarvathA nirmUla kara DAlate haiM to unheM kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha kahate haiM / isa prakAra sAtaveM guNasthAnase Age bar3hanevAle dhyAnI sAdhu cAhe pahalI zreNipara car3he, cAhe dUsarI zreNipara car3heM, ve saba AThavA~ nauvA~ aura dasavA~ guNasthAna prApta karate hI haiN| donoM zreNi car3hanevAloMmeM itanA ho antara hotA hai ki prathama zra eNivAloMse dUsarI zraM NivAloMmeM Atmavizuddhi aura Atmabala viziSTa prakArakA hotA hai| jisake kAraNa pahalI zreNivAle muni to dasaveMse gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~cakara dabe hue mohake udbhUta ho jAnese nIce gira jAte haiN| aura dUsarI zroNivAle mohako sarvathA naSTa kara ke dasaveM se bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAte haiM / yaha saba jIvake bhAvoMkA khela haiM / usIke kAraNa gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~canevAle sAdhukA avazya patana hotA hai aura bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAnevAlA kabhI nahIM giratA, balki Uparako hI car3hatA haiM /

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jainadharma 13. sayogakevalI - samasta mohanIya karmake naSTa ho jAnepara bArahavA~ guNasthAna hotA hai| mohanIya karmake cale jAnese zeSa karmoMkI zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai ataH bArahaveM ke antameM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ina tInoM ghAtiyA karmoMkA nAza karake kSINakaSAya muni sayogakevalI ho jAtA hai / jJAnAvaraNa karmake naSTa ho jAnese usake kevalajJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai / vaha jJAna padArthoMke jAnanemeM indriya, prakAza aura mana vagairahakI sahAyatA nahIM letA isIlie use kevalajJAna kahate haiM aura usake honeke kAraNa isa guNasthAnavAle kevalI kahalAte haiM / ye kevalI AtmAke zatru ghAti karmoMko jIta leneke kAraNa jina, paramAtmA, jIvanmukta, arahaMta Adi nAmoMse pukAre jAte haiN| jaina tIrthakara isI avasthAko prApta karake jainadharmakA pravartana karate haiM-- jagaha-jagaha ghUmakara prANimAtrako usake hita kA mArga batalAte haiM aura isI kArya meM apane jIvanake zeSa dina bitAte haiN| jaba Ayu antarmuhUrta - eka muhUrta se kama raha jAtI hai to saba vyApAra banda karake dhyAnastha ho jAte haiN| jabataka kevalIke mana, vacana aura kAyakA vyApAra rahatA hai tabataka ve sayogakevalI kahalAte haiM / 1 C 14. ayogakevalI - jaba kevalI dhyAnastha hokara mana, vacana aura kAyakA saba vyApAra banda kara dete haiM taba unheM ayogakevalI kahate haiM / ye ayogakevalI bAkI bace hue cAra aghAtiyA karmoMko bhI dhyAnarUpI agnike dvArA bhasma karake samasta karma aura zarIrake bandhana se chUTakara mokSa lAbha karate haiM / isa taraha saMsAra ke saba jIva apane-apane AdhyAtmika vikAsake tAratamyake kAraNa guNasthAnoM meM ba~Te hue haiN| inameM se zurUke cAra guNasthAna to nArakI, tiryana, manuSya aura deva sabhIke hote haiM / pA~cavA~ guNasthAna kevala samajhadAra pazu pakSiyoM aura manuSyoMke hotA hai| pA~caveMse Ageke saba guNasthAna sAdhujanoMke hI hote haiN| unameM bhI sAtaveM se bArahaveM takake guNasthAna 242

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243 cAritra AtmadhyAnameM lIna sAdhuke hI hote haiN| aura unameMse pratyeka guNasthAnakA kAla antarmuhUrta-eka muhUrtase kama hotA hai| 9.mokSa yA siddhi mukti yA mokSa zabdakA artha chuTakArA hotA hai| ataH AtmAke samasta karmavandhanoMse chUTa jAneko mobha kahate haiN| mokSakA dUsarA nAma siddhi bhI hai| siddhi zabdakA artha 'prApti' hotA hai| jaise dhAtuko galAne tapAne vagairahase usameMse mala Adi dUra hokara zuddha sonA prApta ho jAtA hai vaise hI AtmAke guNoMko kaluSita karanevAle doSoMko dUra karake zuddha AtmAkI prAptiko siddhi yA mokSa kahate haiN| karmamalase chuTakArA pAye binA AtmA zuddha nahIM hotA ataH mukti aura siddhi ye donoM eka hI avasthA ke do nAma haiM jo do bAtoMko sUcita karate haiM / mukti nAma karmabandhanase chuTakAreko batalAtA hai aura siddhi nAma usa chuTakAreke honese zuddha AtmAkI prAptiko batalAtA hai| ataH jainadharmameM na to AtmAke abhAvako hI mokSa kahA jAtA hai jaisA bauddha loga mAnate haiM aura na AtmAke guNoMke vinAzako hI mokSa kahA jAtA hai jaisA vaizeSika darzana mAnatA hai / jainadharma meM AtmA eka svataMtra dravya hai jo jJAtA aura dRSTA hai, kintu anAdikAlase karmabandhanase ba~dhA huA honeke kAraNa apane kiye hue karmoMkA phala bhogatA rahatA hai / jaba vaha usa karmabandhanakA kSaya kara detA hai to mukta kahalAne lagatA hai| mukta avasthA meM usake anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha, anantavIrya Adi svAbhAvika guNa vikasita ho jAte haiN| jaise svarNameMse malake nikala jAnepara usake svAbhAvika guNa pItatA vagairaha jyAdA vikasita ho jAte haiM isIse zuddha sonA jyAdA camakadAra aura pIlA hotA hai, vaise hI AtmAmeMse karma malake nikala jAnese AtmAke svAbhAvika guNa nikhara uThate haiM / mukta honeke bAda yaha jIva Uparako jAtA hai| cUMki

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244 jainadharma * jIvakA svabhAva Uparako jAnekA haiM jaisA ki AgakI lapaTeM svabhAva se Uparako hI jAtI haiN| ataH apane usa svabhAva ke kAraNa hI mukta jIva Uparako jAtA hai| lokake Upara agrabhAgameM mokSa sthAna hai jise jaina siddhAntameM siddhazilA bhI kahate haiM / saba mukta jIva mukta honeke bAda Urdhvagamana karake isa mokSasthAna meM virAjamAna ho jAte haiM / jaina siddhAntameM mokSasthAnakI mAnyatA bhI anya saba darzanoMse nirAlI hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaidika darzanoM meM AtmAko vyApaka mAnA gayA hai ataH unheM mokSasthAnake sambandha meM vicAra karanekI AvazyakatA nahIM thI / bauddhadarzanameM AtmA koI svataMtra tattva nahIM hai, ataH unake lie mokSasthAnakI cintA hI vyartha thI / kintu jainadarzana AtmAko eka svataMtra tatva mAnaneke sAtha vyApaka na mAnakara prApta zarorake barAbara mAnatA hai / isalie use mokSasthAnake sambandhameM vicAra karanA par3A / vaha kahatA hai ki mukta jIva bandhana se chUTakara Urdhvagamana karatA hai aura lokake agrabhAgameM pahu~cakara sthira ho jAtA hai, phira vahA~se lauTakara nahIM AtA / 1 jaina zAstroM meM eka maNDalI matakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, jo mukta jIvoMkA urdhvagamana mAnatA hai / kintu usane mokSasthAnake sambandhameM koI vicAra prakaTa nahIM kiyaa| vaha kahatA hai ki mukta jIva anantakAla taka Uparako calA jAtA hai, usakA kabhI bhI avasthAna nahIM hotA / Urdhvagamana mAnanepara bhI kyA maNDalIko mokSasthAnakI cintA na huI hogI ? kintu jaba usake tArkika mastiSka meM yaha tarka utpanna huA hogA ki mukta jIva Uparako jAkarake bhI eka nizcita sthAnapara hI kyoM ruka jAtA hai, Age kyoM nahIM jAtA ? to sambhavataH use isakA koI samucita uttara na sUjhA hogA aura phalataH usane sadA Urdhvagamana mAna liyA hogA, kintu jainadharma meM gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka dharma aura adharma nAmake dravyoMko svIkAra karake isa zaMkAkA hI mUloccheda kara diyA gayA / yaha donoM

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245 cAritra dravya samasta lokameM vyApta haiM aura lokake Upara usake aprabhAgameM hI mokSasthAna haiN| gatimeM sahAyaka dharmadravya vahIM taka vyApta hai, Age nahIM / ataH mukta jIva vahIMpara ruka jAtA hai, Age nahIM jaataa| mukta avasthAmeM binA zarIrake kevala zuddha AtmA mAtra rahatA hai| usakA AkAra usI zarIrake samAna hotA hai jisase AtmAne muktilAbha kiyA hai / jaise dhUpameM khar3e honepara zarIrako chAyA par3a jAtI hai vaise hI zarIrAkAra AtmA muktAvasthAmeM hotA hai jo amUrta honeke kAraNa dikhAyI nahIM detaa| mukta ho jAneke bAda yaha AtmA jInA, maranA, bur3hApA, roga, zoka, duHkha, bhaya vagairahase rahita ho jAtA hai ; kyoMki ye cIjeM zarIrake sAtha sambandha rakhatI haiM aura zarIra vahA~ hotA nahIM hai / tathA muktapanA AtmAkI zuddha avasthAkA hI nAmAntara hai, ataH jabataka AtmA zuddha hai tabataka vahA~se cyuta nahIM ho sktaa| aura punaH azuddha honekA koI kAraNa vahA~ maujUda nahIM rahatA ataH vahA~se kabhI nahIM lauTatA, sadA nirAkulatArUpa AtmasukhameM magna rahatA hai| 10. kyA jainadharma nAstika hai ? jo dharma Izvarako sRSTikA kartA aura vedoMko hI pramANa mAnate haiM, ve jainadharmakI gaNanA nAstika dharmoM meM karate haiM; kyoMki jainadharma na to Izvarako sRSTikA kartA mAnatA hai aura na vedoMke prAmANyako hI svIkAra karatA hai| kintu 'jo Izvarako sRSTikA kartA nahIM mAnatA aura na vedoMko pramANa mAnatA hai vaha nAstika hai' nAstika zabdakA yaha artha kisI bhI vicArazIla zAstrajJane nahIM kiyaa| balki jo paraloka nahIM mAnatA, puNya pApa nahIM mAnatA, naraka svarga nahIM mAnatA, paramAtmAko nahIM mAnatA, vaha nAstika hai, nAstika zabdakA yahI artha pAyA jAtA hai| isa arthakI dRSTise jainadharma ghora Astika hI ThaharatA hai,

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246 jainadharma kyoMki vaha paraloka mAnatA hai, AtmAko svataMtra dravya mAnatA hai puNya pApa aura naraka svarga mAnatA hai, tathA pratyeka AtmAmeM paramAtmA honekI zakti mAnatA hai / isa saba bAtoMkA vivecana pahale kiyA gayA hai / ina saba mAnyatAoMke hote hue janadharmako nAstika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jo vaidika dharmavAle jainadharmako nAstika kahate haiM ve vaidika dharmako na mAnaneke kAraNa hI aisA kahate haiM / kintu aisI sthitimeM to sabhI dharma paraspara meM eka dUsare kI dRSTi nAstika tthhreNge| ataH zAstrIya dRSTise jainadharma parama Astika hai /

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4. jaina sAhitya jaina sAhitya bar3A vizAla hai, bhAratIya sAhitya meM usakA eka viziSTa sthAna hai / lokopakArI, aneka jainAcAryoMne apane jIvanakA bahubhAga usakI racanAmeM vyatIta kiyA hai| jainadharma meM bar3e-bar3e prakANDa jainAcArya ho gaye haiM jo prabala tArkika vaiyAkaraNa, kavi aura dArzanika the / unhoMne jainadharmake sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAhityake itara kSetroM meM bhI apanI lekhanIke jauhara dikhalAye haiM / darzana, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, nATaka, kathA, zilpa, mantra-tantra, vAstu, vaidyaka Adi aneka viSayoMpara pracura jainasAhitya Aja upalabdha hai aura bahuta-sA dhArmika dveSa, lAparavAhI tathA ajJAnatAke kAraNa naSTa ho cukA / bhAratakI aneka bhASAoM meM jainasAhitya likhA huA hai, jinameM prAkRta saMskRta aura draveDiyana bhASAoMkA nAma ullekhanIya hai| jainadharmane prArambhase hI apane pracArake lie loka bhASAoMko apanAyA ataH apane-apane samayakI lokabhASAmeM bhI jaina sAhityakI racanAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| isIse jarmana vidvAn DAkTara viMTaranIjane apane bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsameM likhA hai - 'bhAratIya bhASAoMke itihAsakI dRSTise bhI jaina sAhitya bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai; kyoMki jaina sadA isa bAtakI vizeSa paravAha rakhate the ki unakA sAhitya adhika se adhika janatA ke paricayameM Aye / isIse Agamika sAhitya tathA prAcInatama TIkAe~ prAkRtameM likhI gayIM / zvetAmbaroMne 8 vIM zatIse aura digambarAMne usase kucha pahale saMskRtameM racanAe~ karanA Arambha kiyA / bAdako 10vIM se 12vIM zatI taka apabhraMza bhASAmeM, jo usa samayakI jana bhASA thI, racanAe~ kI gayIM / 1. 'A History of Indian Literature' Vol. II. P. 427-428.

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jainadharma 248 aura Ajakala ke jaina bahuta-sI Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoMkA upayoga karate haiM tathA unhoMne hindI aura gujarAtI sAhitya ko tathA dakSiNa meM tamila aura kannar3a sAhityako vizeSa rUpase samRddha kiyA hai / ' 1 Aja jo jaina sAhitya upalabdha hai vaha saba bhagavAn mahAvIrakI upadeza paramparAse sambaddha hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrake pradhAna gaNadhara gautama indrabhUti the / unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezoMko avadhAraNa karake bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrvake rUpa meM nibaddha kiyA / jo ina aMgoM aura pUrvokA pAragAmI hotA thA use zrutakevalI kahA jAtA thA / jaina paramparAmeM jJAniyoM meM do hI pada sabase mahAna gine jAte haiM- pratyakSa jJAniyoM meM kevalajJAnIkA aura parokSa jJAniyoM meM zrutakevalIkA / jaise kevalajJAnI samasta carAcara jagatako pratyakSa jAnate aura dekhate haiM vaise hI zrutakevalI zAstrameM varNita pratyeka viSayako spaSTa jAnate haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANake pazcAt tIna kevalajJAnI hue aura unake pazcAt pA~ca zrutakevalI hue jinameM se antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu the / inake samayameM magadha meM bAraha varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa pdd'aa| taba ye apane saMghake sAtha dakSiNakI ora cale gaye aura phira lauTakara nahIM Aye / ataH durbhikSake pazcAt pATalIputra meM bhadrabAhu svAmIkI anupasthitimeM jo aMga sAhitya saMkalita kiyA gayA vaha ekapakSIya kahalAyA, dUsare pakSa ne use svIkAra nahIM kiyA, kyoMki durbhikSake samaya jo sAdhu magadhameM hI raha rahe the, sAmayika kaThinAiyoMke kAraNa ve apane AcArameM zithila ho gaye the / yahIMse jainasaMgha digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyameM ba~Ta gayA aura usakA sAhitya bhI judA judA ho gayA / digambara sAhitya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke pazcAt koI zrutakevalI nahIM huA / caudaha pUrvomeMse 4 pUrva unake sAtha hI lupta ho gaye / unake

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jaina sAhitya 249 pazcAt gyAraha aMga aura dasa pUrvoke jJAtA hue| phira pA~ca AcArya gyAraha aMgake jJAtA hue| pUrvokA jJAna eka tarahase naSTa hI ho gayA aura chuTa-puTa jJAna bAkI raha gayA / phira cAra AcArya kevala prathama AcArAMgake hI jJAtA hue aura aMga jJAna bhI naSTa bhraSTa ho gayA / isa taraha kAlakramase vicchinna hotehote vIra nirvANase 683 barSa bItane para jaba aMgoM aura pUrvIke vace khuce jJAnake bhI lupta honekA prasaMga upasthita huA taba girinAra parvatapara sthita AcArya dharasenane bhUtabali aura puSpadanta nAmake do sarvottama sAdhuoMko apanA ziSya banAkara unheM zrutAbhyAsa karAyA / ina donoMne zrutakA abhyAsa karake SaTkhaNDAgama nAmake sUtra granthakI racanA prAkRta bhASAmeM kI / isI samayake lagabhaga guNadhara nAmake AcArya hue / unhoMne 233 gAthAoMmeM kasAyapAhuDa yA kaSAyaprAbhRta grantha kI racanA kI / yaha kaSAyaprAbhRta AcArya paramparAse AryamaMJja aura nAgahasti nAmake AcAryoMko prApta huaa| unase sIkhakara yativRSabha nAmaka AcAryane unapara vRttisUtra race, jo prAkRtameM haiM aura 6000 zloka pramANa haiM / ina donoM mahAna granthoMpara aneka AcAryoMne aneka TIkAe~ racIM jo Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM / inake antima TIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya hue| ye bar3e samartha vidvAn the / inhoMne paTkhaNDAgamapara apanI saprasiddha TIkA dhavalA zaka saM0 738 meM pUrI kii| yaha TIkA 72 hajAra zloka pramANa hai | dUsare mahAna grantha kasAyapAhuDapara bhI inhoMne TIkA likhI / kintu ve use bIsa hajAra loka pramANa likhakara hI svargavAsI ho gaye / taba unake suyogya ziSya jinasenAcAryane 40 hajAra pramANa aura likhakara zaka saM0 759 meM use pUrA kiyaa| isa TIkAkA nAma jayadhavalA hai aura vaha 60 hajAra zloka pramANa hai / ina donoM TIkAoMkI racanA saMskRta aura prAkRtake sammizraNase ko gayI hai| bahubhAga prAkRtameM hai / bIca bIca meM saMskRta bhI A jAtI hai, jaisA ki TIkAkArane usakI

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250 jainadharma prazastimeM likhA hai "prAyaHprAkRtabhAratyA kvacit saMskRtamizrayA / maNipravAlanyAyena prokto'yaM granthavistaraH // " paTkhaNDAgamakA hI antima khaNDa mahAbaMdha hai jisakI racanA bhUnabali AcAryane kI thii| yaha bhI prAkRtameM hai aura isakA pramANa 41 hajAra hai| ina sabhI granthoMmeM jaina karmasiddhAntakA bahuta mUkSma aura gahana varNana hai| ___ cirakAlase ye tInoM mahAna grantha mUDavidrI (dakSiNa kanArA) ke jaina bhaNDArameM tAr3apatrapara surakSita the| vahA~ke bhaTTAraka maho. daya tathA paMcoMkI udAtta bhAvanAke phalasvarUpa aba ina tInoMkA prakAzana hindI TIkAke sAtha ho rahA hai| IsAkI dasavIM zatAbdImeM dakSiNameM nemicanda siddhAnta cakravartI nAmake eka jainAcArya hue| ve ukta tInoM Agama granthoMke mahAn vidvAna the| unhoMne unase saMkalana karake gomaTTasAra tathA labdhisAra kSapaNAsAra nAmaka do saMgraha grantha race, jo prAkRta gAthAbaddha mahAna grantha haiN| unameM bhI jIva, karma aura koke kSapaNa yAnI vinAzakA sundara 'kintu gahana varNana hai| donoM pranthoMpara saMskRta TIkAe~ bhI upalabdha haiM aura jayapurake sva0 paM0 ToDaramalajIkI jayapurI bhASAmeM racI huI bhASA-TIkA bhI upalabdha hai / ina TIkAoMke sAtha yaha mahAn grantha kaI khaNDoMmeM chapakara prakAzita ho cukA hai| IsAkI prathama zatAbdImeM kundakunda nAmake eka mahAn AcArya ho gaye haiN| inake tIna grantha samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya ati prasiddha haiM jo kundakundatrayoMke nAmase bhI khyAta haiN| tInoM grantha prAkRtameM haiN| samayasArameM vividha dRSTiyoMse AtmatattvakA sundara vivecana hai, jaina adhyAtmakA yaha apUrva grantha hai / navIM zatIke adhyAtma premI AcArya amRtacandra sUrIne isa granthapara saMskRta padyoMmeM kalazakI racanA kI hai jo

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jaina sAhitya 251 bar3I hRdayahAriNI hai / satarahavIM zatAbdIke kavivara banArasIdAsane ina kalazoMkA hindImeM atyanta rocaka padyAnuvAda kiyA hai| pravacanasAra aura pazcAstikAyameM jainAbhimata tattvoMkA yuktipUrNa vivecana hai| kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya kundakundane bahutase prAbhRtoMkI racanA kI thI. kintu unameMse Aja kevala ATha prAbhRta upalabdha haiM / namila bhApAke timkurula kAvyaka racayitA bhI inhIMko kahA jAtA hai| inake ziSya umAsvAmI yA umAsvAti nAmake jainAcArya the, janhoMne sarvaprathama jainavAGmayako saMskRtasUtroMmeM nibaddha karake tattvArthasUtra nAmake sUtragranthakI racanA kii| isa granthake dasa adhyAyoMmeM jIva Adi sAta tattvoMkA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| apane apane dharmo meM gItA, kurAna aura bAibilako jo sthAna prApta hai vahI sthAna jainadharmameM isa granthako prApta hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAya ise mAnate haiN| donoM hI paramparAoMke AcAryone usake Upara aneka TIkAe~ racI haiM, jinameM akalaMkadevakA tattvArtharAjavArtika aura vidyAnandikA tattvArthazlokavArtika ullekhanIya haiN| donoM hI vArtikagrantha saMskRtameM bar3I hI praur3ha zailImeM race gaye haiM aura jainadarzanake apUrva prantha haiN| darzana aura nyAyazAstra meM svAmI samantabhadra aura siddhasena kI racanAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| svAmI samantabhadrane AptamImAMsA nAmakA eka prakaraNa grantha racA hai, jisameM myAdvAdakA sundara vivecana karate hue itara darzanoMkI vicArapUrNa AlocanA kI gayA hai / isa ApnamImAMsApara svAmI akalaMkadevane 'aSTazanI' nAmaka prakaraNa racA hai aura aSTazanI para mvAmI vidyAnandane aSTasahasrI nAmakI TIkA racI hai| yaha aSTamahasrI itanI gahana hai ki isako samajhanemeM kaSTasahasrIkA anubhava hotA hai| inhIM vidyAnandakI AptaparIkSA aura pramANaparIkSA bhI bhASA, viSaya aura vivecanakI raSTise draSTavya haiN|

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252 jainadharma akalaMkadevako jainanyAyakA sarjaka kahA jAya to koI atyukti nahIM haiM / inhoMne TIkA granthoM ke sivA siddhivinizcaya, nyAyavinizcaya, laghIyastraya, pramANasaMgraha Adi aneka prakaraNagrantha race haiM jo bahuta hI praur3ha aura gahana haiN| ina prakaraNoMpara AcArya anantavIrya, vAdirAja aura prabhAcandra nAmake prakANDa jaina naiyAyikoMne vistRta vyAkhyA grantha race haiM jo bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| mANikyanandi AcAryakA parIkSAmukha nAmaka sUtragrantha jainanyAyake abhyAsiyoMke lie bar3e hI kAmakA hai| isapara AcArya prabhAcandrane prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAmakA mahAn vyAkhyA grantha racA hai| use ati saMkSipta karake anantavIrya nAmake AcAryane prameyaratnamAlA nAmakI TIkA banAyI hai / pAtrakesarIkA trilakSaNakadarthana, zrIdattakA jalpanirNaya Adi kucha aise bhI mahattvapUrNa grantha haiM jo Aja anupalabdha haiM, kevala anya granthoMmeM unakA ullekha milatA hai| purANa sAhityameM harivaMzapurANa, mahApurANa, padmacarita Adi granthoMkA nAma ullekhanIya hai| jaina purANoMkA mUla pratipAdya viSaya 63 zalAkA puruSoMke caritra haiM / inameM 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva aura 9 prativAsudeva haiN| jinameM purANa puruSoMkA puNyacarita varNana kiyA gayA ho use purANa kahate haiM / harivaMzapurANameM kaurava aura pANDavoMkA varNana hai aura padmacaritameM zrIrAmacandrakA varNana hai| isa tarahase ye donoM grantha kramazaH jaina mahAbhArata aura jaina rAmAyaNa kahe jA sakate haiM / inake sivA caritagranthoMkA to jaina sAhityameM bhaNDAra bharA hai / sakalakIrti Adi AcAryoMne aneka carita prantha race haiM / AcArya jaTAsiMha nandikA varAMgacarita eka sundara paurANika kAvya hai / kAvyasAhitya bhI kama nahIM haiN| vIranandikA candraprabhacarita, haricandrakA dharmazarmAbhyudaya, dhanaMjayakA dvisandhAna aura vAgbhaTTakA neminirvANa kAvya uccakoTike saMskRta mahAkAvya haiN|

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jaina sAhitya 253 apabhraMza bhASAmeM to ina purANa aura caritagranthoMkA saMskRtakI apekSA bhI bAhulya hai| apabhraMza bhASAmeM jainakaviyoMne khUba racanAe~ kI haiM / isa bhASAkA sAhitya jaina bhaNDAroMmeM bharA par3A hai| apabhraMza bahuta samayataka yahA~kI loka bhASA rahI hai aura isakA sAhitya bhI bahuta hI lokapriya rahA hai| pichale kucha dazakoMse isa bhASAkI ora vidvAnoMkA dhyAna AkarSita huA hai, aba to vartamAna prAntIya bhASAoMkI jananI honeke kAraNa bhASAzAstriyoM aura vibhinna bhASAoMkA itihAsa likhanevAloMke lie isake sAhityakA adhyayana Avazyaka ho gayA hai| puSpadanta isa bhASAke mahAna kavi the| inakA 'triSaSTi mahApuruSa guNAlaMkAra' eka mahAna grantha hai| puSpadantane mahAkavi svayaMbhukA smaraNa kiyA hai| svayaMbhu, puSpadanta, kanakAmara, raidhu Adi aneka kaviyoMne apabhraMza bhASAke sAhityako samRddha banAne meM kucha uThA nahIM rkhaa| kathA sAhitya bhI vizAla hai / AcArya hariSeNakA kathAkoza bahuta prAcIna (I0 saM0 932) hai| ArAdhanA kathAkoza, puNyAzrava kathAkoza Adi anya bhI bahutase kathAkoza haiM jinameM kathAoMke dvArA dharmAcaraNakA zubha phala aura adharmAcaraNakA azubha phala dikhalAyA gayA hai / campU kAvya bhI jaina-sAhityameM bahuta haiN| somadevakA yazastilaka campU , haricandrakA jIvandhara campU aura ahahAsakA purudevacampU utkRSTa campU kAvya haiM / gadyagranthoM meM vAdIbhasiMhakI gadyacintAmaNi ullekhanIya hai| nATakoMmeM hastimallake vikrAntakaurava, maithilakalyANa, aMjanA pavanaMjaya Adi darzanIya haiM / stotra sAhitya bhI kama nahIM hai, mahAkavi dhanaMjayakA viSApahAra, kumudacandrakA kalyANamandira Adi stotra sAhityakI dRSTise bhI utkRSTa haiN| svAmI samantabhadrake svayaMbhU stotrameM to jainadarzanake uccakoTike siddhAntoMko kUTakUTa kara bhara diyA gayA hai / vaha eka dArzanika stavana hai| nIti anthoMkI bhI kamI nahIM hai / vAdImasiMhakA kSatracUr3AmaNi kAvya

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254 jainadhamaM eka nItipUrNa kAvya grantha hai| AcArya amitagatikA subhASitaratnasaMdoha, padmanandi AcAryakI padmanandi paJcaviMzatikA aura mahArAja amoghavarSakI praznottararatnamAlA bhI sundara nItigrantha haiM / isake sivA jyotiSa, Ayurveda, vyAkaraNa, koSa, chanda, alaMkAra, gaNita aura rAjanIti Adi viSayoMpara bhI jainAcAryokI aneka racanAe~ Aja upalabdha haiM / jyotiSa aura Ayurveda viSayaka sAhitya abhI prakAzameM kama AyA hai / vyAkaraNameM pUjyapAda devanandikA jainendra vyAkaraNa aura zAkaTAyanakA zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ullekhanIya hai / koSameM dhanaMjaya nAmamAlA, aura vizvalocana koza, alaMkAra meM alaMkAra cintAmaNi, gaNitameM mahAvIra gaNitasAra saMgraha aura rAjanItimeM somadevakA nItivAkyAmRta Adi smaraNIya haiM / yaha to huA saMskRta aura prAkRta sAhityakA vihaMgAva - lokana | draveDiyana bhASAoM meM bhI jainAcAryoMne khUba racanAeM kI haiN| unhoMke kAraNa eka tarahase una bhASAoMko mahattva milA hai / kanar3I bhASAmeM racanA karanevAle ati prAcIna kavi jaina the / kannar3a sAhityako unnata, praur3ha aura paripUrNa banAnekA zreya jainAcAyoM aura jaina kaviyoMko hI prApta hai| terahavIM zatAbdI taka kannar3a bhASAke jitane praur3ha granthakAra hue ve saba jaina hI the / 'paMpa bhArata' sadRza mahAprabandha aura 'zabdamaNidarpaNa' sadRza zAstrIya granthoMko dekhakara jaina kaviyoMke prati kise Adara buddhi utpanna nahIM hotI / karnATaka gadya granthoMmeM prAcIna 'cAmuNDarAyapurANa' ke lekhaka vIramArtaNDa cAmuNDarAya jaina hI the / Adi paMpa, kavicakravartI ratna, abhinava paMpa, kattidevI Adi kavi jaina hI the / 'karnATaka kavi carite' ke mUla lekhaka Ara0 narasiMhAcArya - ne jainakaviyoMke sambandhameM apane udgAra prakaTa karate hue kahA

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jaina sAhitya 255 hai-"jainI kannar3a bhASA ke Adi kavi haiN| Aja taka upalabdha sabhI prAcIna aura uttama kRtiyA~ jaina kaviyoMkI hI haiN| vizeSatayA prAcIna jaina kaviyoM ke kAraNa hI kannar3a bhASAkA saundarya evaM kAnti hai| paMpa, ranna aura ponnako kaviyoMmeM ratna mAnanA ucita hai / anya kaviyoMne bhI 14vIM zatAbdoke anta taka sarvailAdhya campUkAvyoMkI racanA kI hai| kannar3a bhApAke sahAyaka chanda, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa, koSa Adi grantha adhikatayA jainiyoMke dvArA hI racita haiN|" ___ yahA~ yaha batalA denA anucita na hogA ki dakSiNa aura karnATakakA jitanA jaina sAhitya hai vaha saba hI digambara jaina sampradAyake vidvAnoMkI racanA hai| tathA digambara sampradAyake jitane pradhAna-pradhAna AcArya haiM ve prAyaH saba hI karnATaka dezake nivAsI the aura ve na kevala saMskRta aura prAkRtake hI granthakartA the, kintu kanar3Ike bhI prasiddha granthakAra the| ____ tamila bhASAkA sAhitya bhI prArambha kAlase hI jainadharma aura janasaMskRtise prabhAvita hai / 'kurala' aura 'nAladiyAra' nAmake do mahAn grantha una jainAcAryA kI kRti haiM jo tamiladezameM basa gaye the / ina granthoMke avataraNa uttaravartI sAhityameM bahutAyatase pAye jAte haiN| tamilakA nInivipayaka sAhitya kAvyasAhityakI apekSA prAcIna hai aura usapara jainAcAryoM kA vizeSa prabhAva hai / 'palamoli' ke racayitA bhI jaina the| isameM bahumUlya purAtana sUktiyA~ haiN| kurala aura nAladiyAraka bAda isakA tIsarA nambara hai| 'tinai mAle nU rembatu' ke lekhaka bhI jaina the| yaha grantha zRMgAra tathA yuddhaka siddhAntoMkA varNana karatA haiM / pazcAnvoM TIkAkAroMke dvArA isa granthake avataraNa khUba liye gaye haiN| isI samudAyakA eka grantha 'nAna maNikkaDige' hai jo veNavA chandameM haiN| ___ tamila bhASAke pA~ca mahAkAvyoM meM se ciMtAmaNi, silappaDikAram aura valaitApati jainalekhakoMkI kRti haiM / silappaDikA

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256 jainadharma ram atyanta mahattvapUrNa tamila grantha hai| yaha grantha sAhityika rItiyoMke viSayameM pramANabhUna ginA jAtA hai| isake tIna mahAkhaMDa haiM aura kula adhyAya tIsa haiN| pA~ca laghu kAvya haiM-yazodharakAvya, cUDAmaNi, udayana kavai, nAgakumAra kAvya aura niilkeshii| ina pA~coM kAvyoMke kartA jaina AcArya the| jaina lekhakoMne tamila bhASAkA vyAkaraNa bhI racA hai| 'nannola' tamila bhApAkA bahu pracalita vyAkaraNa hai| yaha skUloM aura kAlijoMmeM par3hAyA jAtA hai| nighaNTu granthoMmeM divAkara nighaNTu, piMgala nighaNTu aura guNamaNi nighaNTukA nAma ullekhanIya hai / jainoMne gaNita aura jyotiSa sambandhI racanAe~ bhI kI haiM / isa taraha tamila bhASA jaina-sAhityase bharapUra hai| gujarAtI bhASAmeM bhI di0 jainakaviyoMne aneka racanAe~ kI haiM, jinakA vivaraNa 'jainagurjara kavio' se prApta hotA hai / digambara sAhitya meM hindI granthoMkI saMkhyA bhI bahuta hai| idhara 300 varSoM meM adhikAMza grantha hindImeM hI race gaye haiN| jaina zrAvakake lie pratidina svAdhyAya karanA Avazyaka hai| ataH jana-sAdhAraNako bhASAmeM jinavANIko nibaddha karanekI ceSTA prArambhase hI hotI AyI hai| isIse hindI jaina sAhityameM gadyagrantha bahutAyatase pAye jAte haiN| lagabhaga solahavIM zatAbdIse lekara hindI gadya grantha jaina sAhityameM upalabdha haiM aura isalie hindI bhASAke kramika vikAsakA adhyayana karanevAloMke lie ve bar3e kAmake haiN| saiddhAntika granthoM meM Upara ginAye gaye tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, gomaTTasAra, pravacanasAra, paJcAstikAya, samayasAra, paTakhaNDAgama, kapAyaprAbhRta Adi mahattvapUrNa granthoMkI hindI TIkAe~ maujUda haiN| nyAya granthoMmeM bhI parIkSAmukha; AptamImAMsA prameyaratnamAlA, nyAyadIpikA aura tattvArthazlokavArtika jaise mahAna granthoMkI hindI TIkAe~ upalabdha haiN| ina TIkA granthoMkA adhyayana kevala hindI bhASA-bhASI prAntoMmeM hI pracalita nahIM hai kintu gujarAta,

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jaina sAhitya 257 mahArASTra aura sudUra dakSiNa prAntake jainI bhI unase lAbha uThAte haiM / isa taraha jainadharmakA sAhitya hindI bhASAke pracAra meM bhI sahAyaka rahA hai / prAyaH sabhI purANa granthoM aura aneka kathAgranthoMkA anuvAda hindI bhASAmeM ho cukA hai / anuvAdakA yaha kArya sarvaprathama jayapura ke vidvAnoMke dvArA duDhArI bhASAmeM prArambha kiyA gayA thA / Aja bhI unake anuvAda usI rUpameM pAye jAte haiN| 17 yaha to huI anuvAdita sAhityakI carcA | svataMtrarUpase bhI hindI gadya aura hindI padya donoM meM jainasiddhAntako nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / gadya sAhitya meM paM0 ToDaramalajIkA mokSamArga - prakAzaka grantha aura padya sAhitya meM paM0 daulatarAmajIkA chahaDhAlA jainasiddhAntake amUlya ratna hai| paM0 ToDaramalajI, paM0 daulatarAma, paM0 sadAsukha, paM0 budhajana, paM0 dyAnatarAya, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paM0 jayacanda Adi aneka vidvAnoMne apane samayakI hindI bhASAmeM gadya athavA padya athavA donoMmeM apanI racanAe~ kI haiN| vInatI, pUjApATha, dhArmika bhajana, Adi bhI paryApta haiM / padya sAhitya meM bhI aneka purANa aura carita race gaye haiM / 1 hindI jaina sAhityakI eka sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM zAntarasakI saritA hI sarvatra pravAhita dRSTigocara hotI hai| saMskRta aura prAkRtake jaina granthakArAMke samAna hindI jaina granthakAroMkA bhI eka hI lakSya rahA hai ki manuSya kisI taraha sAMsArika viSayoMke phandese nikalakara apaneko pahacAne aura apane utthAnakA prayatna kare / isI lakSyako sAmane rakhakara sabane apanI-apanI racanAe~ kI haiN| hindI jaina sAhitya meM hI nahIM, api tu hindI sAhitya meM kavivara banArasIdAsajIkI AtmakathA to eka apUrva hI vastu hai / unakA nATaka samayasAra bhI adhyAtmakA eka apUrva grantha hai / zvetAmbara - sAhitya pATalIputrameM jo aMga saMkalita kiye gaye the, kAlakramase ve

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258 jainadharma bhI avyavasthita ho gaye taba mahAbIra nirvANakI chaThI zatAbdImeM Arya skandilakI adhyakSatAmeM mathurAmeM phira eka sabhA huI aura usameM phirase zepa bace aMga sAhityako suvyavasthita kiyA gyaa| ise mAthurI vAcanA kahate haiN| isake bAda mahAvIra nirvANakI dasavIM zanImeM ballabhI nagarI (kAThiyAvAr3a) meM devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNake sabhApatitvameM phira eka sabhA huii| isameM phirase gyAraha aMgoMkA saMkalana huaa| bArahavA~ aMga to pahale hI lupta ho cukA thaa| abataka smRtike AdhArapara hI aMgasAhityakA paThana-pAThana calatA thA, kintu aba vIra ni0 saM0 980 ( I0 saM0 453 ) ke lagabhaga unheM pustakArur3ha kiyA gyaa| vidyamAna jaina AgamoMkI vyavasthA apane sampAdaka devadigaNikI mukhyarUpase AbhArI hai| unhoMne inheM adhyAyoMmeM vibhakta kiyaa| jo bhAga truTita ho gaye the unheM apanI buddhike anusAra sambaddha kiyA / DA0 jekovIke kathanAnusAra devarddhigaNike pazcAt bhI jaina AgamoMmeM bahuta pheraphAra huA hai| 1 samayasundaragaNine apana sAmAcArI zatakameM likhA hai "zrIdevaddhigaNikSamAzramaNena zrIvIrAd azotyadhika navazata-( 980) varSe jAtena dvAdazavarSIyadurbhikSavazAt vahutarasAdhu vyApattau bahuzrutavicchittau ca jAtAyA~.....'bhavyalokopakArAya zrutabhaktaye ca zrIsaMghAgrahAt mRtAvaziSTatadAkAlInasarvasAdhUna balabhyAmAkArya tanmukhAd vicchinnAvaziSTAn nyUnAdhikAn truTitA'truTitAn AgamAlApakAn anukrameNa svamatyA saMkalayya pustakArUDhAH kRtAH / tato mUlato gaNadharabhASitAnAmapi tatsaMkalanAnantaraM sarveSAmapi AgamAnAM kartA zrIdevaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa eva jAtaH / " ___'arthAt-zrIdevaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNane vIra ni0 saM0 980 ne bAraha varSake dubhikSake kAraNa bahutase sAdhuoMke mara jAnese bahutase zrutake naSTa ho jAnepara, bhavyajIvoMke upakArake lie zAstrako bhaktise prerita hokara, saMghake Agrahase bAkI bace saba sAdhuoMko balabhI nagarImeM bulAkara, unake mukhase bAkI bace, kamatI, bar3hatI; truTita Agamake vAkyoMkA apanI buddhike

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jaina sAhitya 259 zvetAmbara sampradAyakA sampUrNa jainAgama chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai, 1 gyAraha aMga - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, aMtakRddazA, anuttaraupapAtika, praznavyAkaraNa aura vipAkasUtra / 2 bAraha upAMgaaupapAtika, rAjaprazna, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, jambUdvIpajJapti, candra prajJapti, sUryaprajJapti. nirayAvalI, kalpAvataMsa, puSpika, puSpacUlika aura vahnidazA / 3 dasa prakIrNaka-catuHzaraNaM, Atura pratyAkhyAna, bhakta, saMstAra, tandulavacArika, candravedhaka, devendrastava, gaNividyA, mahApratyAkhyAna aura vIrastava / 4 chaha chedasUtra - nizItha mahAnizItha, vyavahAra, dazAzrutaskandha, vRhatkalpa, paJcakalpa | 5 do sUtra - nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvAra / 6 cAra mUlasUtrauttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika aura piNDaniyukti / ye paiMtAlIsa grantha Agama kahe jAte haiN| inakI bhASA ArpaprAkRta kahalAtI hai| inameM AcAra, vrata, jainatattva, jyotiSa, bhUgola Adi vividha viSayoMkA varNana hai| digambara sampradAyake sAhitya meM aMga aura aMgabAhya pranthoMke nAmoM tathA unameM varNita viSayoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu usameM upAMga Adi bheda nahIM haiM / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJamiko upAMga mAnA hai kintu digambara sAhityameM inakI gaNanA dRSTivAdake eka bheda parikarma meM kI hai| isI taraha dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra aura nizItha nAmake granthoMko aMgabAhya batalAyA hai / digambara sampradAyameM aMgoMke atirikta jo bhI sAhitya haiM vaha saba aMgavAhya mAnA gayA hai / -- zvetAmbara paramparAmeM devarddhigaNike pazcAt jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa nAmake eka viziSTa AcArya hue| inakA vizeSA anusAra saMkalana karake unheM pustakameM likhavAyA / isalie mUlameM gaNadhara pratipAdita honepara bhI saMkalana karaneke kAraNa sabhI AgamoMke kartA zrIdeva. dvigaNikSamAzramaNa kahalAye / '

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260 janadharma bazyaka bhASya eka ucca koTikA prantha hai| isameM takapUrNa zailIse jJAnakI sundara carcA kI gayI hai / jisa tattvArthasUtrakA ullekha hama digambara sAhityameM kara Aye haiM, usapara eka bhASya bhI hai, jise kucha vidvAn svopajJa mAnate haiM / isapara AcArya siddhasenagaNikA tattvArtha bhASya eka vistRta TIkA hai / Agamika sAhityake Upara bhI aneka TIkAe~ upalabdha haiM / navAMga vRttikAra zrIabhayadevasUrine nau AgamoMpara saMskRta bhASAmeM sundara TIkAe~ racI haiN| isa dRSTise malladhArI hemacandrakA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai, inhoMne bhI Agamika sAhityapara vidvattApUrNa TIkAe~ likhI haiM / vizeSAvazyaka bhASyapara racI inakI TIkA bahuta hI sundara haiM / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM karmaviSayaka sAhitya bhI paryApta hai jisameM karmaprakRti, paMcasaMgraha, prAcIna aura navIna karmagrantha ullekhanIya haiN| 13vIM zatI meM zrIdevendrasUrine navIna karmagranthoMkI racanA svopajJa TIkAke sAtha kI thii| inakI TIkAoM meM karmasAhityako vipula sAmagrI saMkalita hai / nyAyaviSayaka sAhitya meM siddhasena divAkarakA nyAyAvatAra jainanyAyakA Adha grantha mAnA jAtA hai / inakA 'sanmati tarka prakaraNa' bhI bahuta mahattva - pUrNa prantha hai, isameM Agamika mAnyatAoMko bhI tarkakI kasauTIpara kasanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / isa prakaraNa granthapara abhayadevasUrikI mahattvapUrNa TIkA hai / isa sampradAyameM haribhadrasUri nAmake eka prakhyAta vidvAn ho gaye haiN| kiMvadantI hai ki inhoMne 1400 prakaraNa prantha race the / inake upalabdha dArzanika granthoMmeM anekAntavAdapraveza, anekAnta jayapatAkA tathA zAstravArtA samuccayakA nAma ullekhanIya hai / tattvArthasUtrapara bhI inhoMne eka TIkA likhI hai / vAdideva sUrikA pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra tathA usakI svopajJa vRtti syAdvAdaratnAkara va AcArya hemacandrakI pramANamImAMsA aura malliSeNasUrikI syAdvAdamaMjarI bhI nyAyazAstrake sundara prantharatna haiM / satarahavIM zatImeM AcArya

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jaina sAhitya 261 yazovijaya bhI eka kuzala naiyAyika hue haiM, inhoMne vidyAnandikI aSTasahasrIpara eka TippaNa racA hai tathA nayopadeza, nayAmRtataraMgiNI, tarkaparibhASA Adi aneka grantha race haiN| jainadharmake dArzanika siddhAntoMpara inhoMne naye dRSTikoNase vicAra kiyA hai tathA navyanyAyakI zailImeM bhI grantha race haiN| purANa sAhityameM vimalasUrikA paumacariya (padmacarita) eka prAkRta kAvya hai / yaha prAcIna samajhA jAtA hai| isameM rAmacandrakI kathA hai / 'vasudeva hiNDI' bhI prAkRta bhASAkA purANa hai isameM mahAbhAratakI kathA hai / yaha bhI prAcIna hai| AcArya hemacandrakA trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita bhI ullekhanIya hai| anya bhI aneka grantha haiN| kAvyoMmeM hemacandrakA dvayAzraya mahAkAvya, abhayadevakA jayantavijaya, municandrakA zAntinAthacarita acche kAvya samajhe jAte haiM / gadya kAvyameM dhanapAla kavikI tilakamaMjarI eka sundara AkhyAyikA prantha hai / nATakoMmeM rAmacandra sUrikA nala-vilAsa, satyaharicandra, rAghavAbhyudaya, nirbhayavyAyoga AdikA nAma ullekhanIya hai| jayasiMhakA hammIramadamardana eka aitihAsika nATaka hai| isameM caulukyarAja vIradhavalake dvArA hammIra nAmake yavana rAjAko bhagAnekA varNana hai| ___lAkSaNika granthameM AcArya hemacandrakA kAvyAnuzAsana draSTavya hai / kathA sAhityakA to yahA~ bhaNDAra bharA hai| usameM udyotanasUrikI kuvalayamAlA, haribhadrakI samarAicakahA aura pAdaliptakI taraMgavatIkahA ati prasiddha hai| kuvalayamAlA no prAkRta sAhityakA eka amUlya ratna hai| yaha prAkRta bhASAke abhyAsiyoMke lie bahuta upayogI hai| isI taraha AcArya siddharSikI upamitibhavaprapazcakathA bhAratIya sAhityakA prathama rUpaka grantha mAnA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNameM AcArya hemacandrakA 'siddha hema vyAkaraNa' atiprasiddha hai| isIkA AThavA~ adhyAya prAkRta vyAkaraNa hai, jisase

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262 jainadharma acchA dUsarA prAkRta vyAkaraNa Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| koSoM meM bhI hemacandrakA abhidhAnacintAmaNi, anekArthasaMgraha, dezInAmamAlA, nighaMTa zepa, abhidhAnarAjendra tathA 'pAiasahamahaNNava' apUrva kopa grantha haiN| prabandhoMmeM candraprabhamUrikA prabhAvakacarina. mematuMgakA pravandhacintAkaNi, rAjazaMkharakA pravandhakoza tathA jinaprabhasUrikA vividhatIrthakalpa mahattvapUrNa haiN| anya bhI aneka vipayAMpara sAhitya pAyA jAtA hai / apabhraMza bhapAkA sAhitya bhI paryApta hai, jisameM dhanapAlakI 'bhavisayatta kahA' atiprasiddha hai| strotra sAhitya bhI vipula hai| zvetAmbara sampradAyakA adhikatara AvAsa gujarAta prAntameM hai ! ataH gujarAtI bhASAmeM bhI kAphI sAhitya milatA hai, jisakA paricaya 'jaina gurjara kavio' nAmaka granthameM vistArake sAtha hai| videzI bhASAoMmeM bhI jaina sAhitya pAyA jAne lagA hai| jarmana vidvAn mva0 harmana yAkobIne kaI granthoMkA sampAdana kiyA thaa| unameM unakI kalpasUtrakI prastAvanA tathA 'Sacred Books of east nAmakI granthamAlAmeM prakAzita janasUtroMkI prastAvanA par3hane yogya hai| jarmana vidvAna pro0 glaMjanapakA 'jainijma' bhI acchA grantha hai| sva0 vIracandra gAMdhIne amerikA ke cikAgo nagarameM hue sarvadharma sammalanameM jo bhApaNa janadharmake sambandhameM diye the, ve 'karma philosophI' ke nAma chapa cuke haiN| nyAyAvatAra, sammatitarka vagairahakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI ho cukA hai| aura bhI aneka grantha haiN| digambara sAhitya bhI aMgrejImeM paryApta hai| sva0 je0 ela0 jainI aura bairisTara campatarAyane isa dizA meM ullekhanIya sevA kI hai| upasaMhAra ___ bahutasA jaina sAhitya aba prakAzameM A rahA hai aura nayI zailIse usakA sampAdana bhI hone lagA hai| prAcIna jaina sAhi

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jaina sAhitya 263 tyakA tulanAtmaka tathA aitihAsika vivecana karanekI bhI paramparA cala par3I hai jisakA zreya sarvazrI nAthUrAma prenI, jugalakizora mukhtAra, paM0 sukhalAla aura muni jinavijaya Adi jaina vidvAnoMko hai / isa dRSTise premIjI kA 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa', mukhtAra sA0 kI 'purAtana vAkya sUcI' kI prastAvanA tathA 'samantabhadra' nAmaka pustaka dRSya hai / pakhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa aura nyAyakumudacandakI hindI prastAvanAe~ bhI tulanAtmaka aura aitihAsika dRSTikoNase adhyayana karanevAloMke lie bahuta kAmakI haiM / jijJAsuoM ko unakA adhyayana karanA cAhiye / anveSakoMke lie jaina sAhitya meM pracura sAmagrI maujUda hai / kucha prasiddha jainAcArya bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt kitane hI prasiddha prasiddha AcArya aura granthakAra hue haiM jinhoMne apane sadAcAra aura sadvicAroMse na kevala jainadharmako anuprANita kiyA kintu apanI amara lekhanIke dvArA bhAratIya vAGamayako bhI samRddha banAyA / nIce kucha aise prasiddha AcAryoM aura granthakArAMkA paricaya saMkSepameM karAyA jAtA hai / gautama gaNadhara ( 557 I0 pUrva ) yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake pradhAna gaNadhara ( ziSya ) the / mUla nAma indrabhUti thA, jAti trAhmaNa the / veda vedAGgameM pAraMgata the / jaba kevalajJAna ho jAnepara bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrakI vANI nahIM khirI to indrako isa bAtakI cintA huii| isakA kAraNa jAnakara vaha indrabhUtike pAsa gayA aura yuktise use bhagavAna mahAvIrakaM samavasaraNa meM le AyA / saMzaya dUra hote hI indrabhUtine pratrajyA le lI aura bhagavAnake pradhAna gaNadhara hue| bhagabAnkA upadeza sunakara avadhAraNa karake inhoMne dvAdazAGga zrutakI racanA kI / jaba kArtika kRSNA amAvasyAke prAtaH bhagavAn

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264 jainadharma mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA usI samaya gautama svAmIko kevalajJAnakI prApti huI / usake 12 varSa pazcAt inheM bhI nirvANapada prApta huA / bhadrabAhu ( 325 I0 pUrva ) yaha bhadrabAhu antima zrutakevalI the| inake samaya meM magadha meM 12 varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa pdd'aa| taba yaha sAdhuoMke bahuta bar3e saMghake sAtha dakSiNa dezako cale gaye / prasiddha maurya samrAT candragupta bhI rAjyabhAra putrako sauMpakara inake sAtha hI dakSiNako calA gayA / vahA~ maisUra prAnta ke zravaNabelagolA sthAnapara bhadrabAhu svAmI apanA antima samaya jAnakara Thahara gaye aura zeSa saMghako Age ravAnA kara diyA / sevAke lie candragupta apane guruke pAsa hI Thahara gaye / vahA~ke candragiri parvatakI eka guphAmeM bhadrabAhu svAmIne dehotsarga kiyA / yaha guphA bhadrabAhukI guphA kahalAtI hai aura isameM unake caraNa aMkita haiM jo pUje jAte haiN| bhadrabAhuke samaya meM hI saMghabhedakA bIjAropaNa huA ataH unake bAdase zvetAmbara aura digambaroMkI AcArya paramparA bhI judI - judI ho gayI / digambara paramparA ke kucha pramukha AcAyoMkA nIce paricaya diyA jAtA hai| dharasena ( vi0 saM0 kI dUsarI zatI ) AcArya dharasena aMgoM aura pUrvoke eka dezake jJAtA the| aura saurASTra dezake giranAra parvatakI guphAmeM dhyAna karate the / unheM isa bAtakI cintA huI ki unake pazcAt zrutajJAnakA lopa ho jAyagA / ataH unhoMne mahimAnagarIke munisammelanako patra likhA / vahA~se do muni unake pAsa pahu~ce / AcAryane unakI buddhikI parIkSA karake unheM siddhAntakI zikSA dI / puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ye donoM muni puSpadanta aura bhUtabalI the / ASAr3ha zuklA ekadazIko adhyayana pUrA hote hI dharasenAcAryane unheM bidA kara

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265 jaina sAhitya diyaa| donoM ziSya vahA~se calakara aMkulezvarameM Aye aura vahIM caturmAsa kiyaa| puSpadanta muni aMkulezvarase calakara banavAsa dezameM Aye / vahA~ pahu~cakara unhoMne jinapAlitako dIkSA dI aura 'vIsadi sUtroM' kI racanA karake unheM pddh'aayaa| phira unheM bhUtabalike pAsa bheja diyaa| bhUtabaline puSpadantako alpAyujAnakara AgekI grantharacanA kii| isa taraha puSpadanta aura bhUtabaline paTkhaNDAgama nAmake siddhAnta granthakI racanA kii| phira bhUtabaline SaTkhaNDAgamako lipivaddha karake jyeSTha zuklA paMcamIke dina usakI pUjA kii| isIse yaha tithi jainoMmeM zrutapaMcamIke nAmase prasiddha huii| guNadhara (vi0 saM0 kI zrI zatI) AcArya guNadhara bhI lagabhaga isI samayameM hue| ve jJAnapravAda nAmaka pA~caveM pUrvake dasaveM vastu adhikArake antargata kasAyapAhurUpI zruta samudra ke pAragAmI the| unhoMne bhI zrutakA vinAza ho jAneke bhayase kasAyapAhur3a nAmakA mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta grantha prAkRta gAthAoMmeM nibaddha kiyaa| kundakunda (vi0 saM0 kI zrI zatI) AcArya kundakunda jainadharmake mahAna prabhAvaka AcArya the| inake viSayameM prasiddha hai ki videha kSetrameM jAkara sImaMdhara svAmIko divyadhvani sunanekA saubhAgya inheM prApta huA thaa| inakA prathama nAma padmanandi thaa| koNDakundapurake rahanevAle honese bAdameM ve koNDakundAcAryake nAmase prasiddha hue| usIkA zrutimadhura rUpa 'kundakundAcArya' bana gayA / inake pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya aura samayasAra nAmake grantha ati prasiddha haiM jo nATakatrayA kahalAte haiN| inake sivAya inhoMne aneka prAbhRtoMkI racanA kI hai jinameMse ATha prAbhRta upalabdha haiN| bodhaprAbhRtake antakI eka gAthAmeM inhoMne apaneko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukA

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266 jainadharma ziSya batalAyA hai / zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekhoMmeM inakI bar3I kIrti batalAyI gayI hai| umAsvAmI (vi0 saM0 ko 3ro zatI) yaha AcArya kundakundake ziSya the| inhoMne jaina siddhAntako saMskRta sUtroMmeM nivaddha karake tattvArthasUtra nAmaka sUtragranthakI racanA kii| inako gRddhapicchAcArya bhI kahate the| zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekha naM0 108meM likhA hai ki zrI kundakundAcAryake pavitra vaMzameM umAsvAmI muni hue jo sampUrNa padArthoMke jAnanevAle the, muniyoM meM zreSTha the| unhoMne jinadeva praNIta samasta zAstroMke arthako sUtra rUpameM nibaddha kiyaa| ve prANiyoMkI rakSAmeM bar3e sAvadhAna the| ekabAra unhoMne pichI na honepara gRddhake paroMko pIchIke rUpameM dhAraNa kiyA thA, tabhose vidvAn unako gRddhapicchAcArya kahane lge| sAdhAraNatayA di0 jaina muni jIvarakSAke lie mayUrake paMkhoMkI pIchI rakhate haiN| samanta bhadra (vi0 saM0 kI 3-4 thI zatI) jaina samAjake prabhAvaka AcAryoM meM svAmI samantabhadrakA sthAna vahuta U~cA hai| inheM jaina zAsanakA praNetA aura bhAvi tIrthaGkara taka batalAyA hai / akalaMkadevane aSTazatImeM, vidyAnandane aSTasahasrImeM, AcArya jinasenane AdipurANameM, jinasena sUrine harivaMzapurANameM, vAdirAjasUrine nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNa aura pArzvanAthacaritameM, vIranandine candraprabhacaritameM, hastimallane vikrAntakaurava nATakameM tathA anya aneka granthakAroMne bhI apane-apane granthake prArambhameM inakA bahuta hI AdarapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| muni jIvanameM inheM bhasmaka vyAdhi ho gayI, jo khAte the vaha tatkAla jIrNa ho jAtA thaa| use dUra karaneke lie inheM kAMcI yA kAzIke rAjakIya zivAlayameM pujArI bananA par3A aura vahA~ devArpita naivedyakA bhakSaNa karake apanA

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jaina sAhitya 267 roga dUra kiyaa| jaba kalaI khulI to svayaMbhUstotra racakara jaina zAsanakA pratyakSa prabhAva prakaTa kiyA / inake race hue AptamImAMsA, bRhatsvayaMbhUstotra, yuktyanuzAsana, jinastutizataka tathA ratnakaraNDa nAmaka grantha upalabdha haiM, tathA jIvasiddhi Adi kucha grantha anupalabdha haiM / ye prakhara tArkika aura kuzala bAdI the| aneka dezoMmeM ghUma-ghUmakara inhoMne vipakSiyoMko zAstrArtha meM parAsta kiyA / siddhasena (vi0 saM0 kI 5vIM zatI) AcArya umAsvAmI (ti) kI taraha siddhasenakI mAnyatA bhI donoM sampradAyoM meM pAyI jAtI hai / donoM hI sampradAya unheM apanA guru mAnate haiM / digambara sampradAyake AcArya jinasena prathama va dvitIya ne bahuta hI Adarake sAtha unakA smaraNa kiyA hai| unakI sUktiyoMko bhagavAna RSabhadevakI sUktiyoMke samakakSa batalAyA hai aura prativAdIrUpI hAthiyoMke samUhake liye unheM vikalparUpa nakhoMyukta siMha batalAyA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM 'divAkara' vizeSaNa ke sAtha inakI prasiddhi haiN| inakA sanmatitarkagrantha ati prasiddha aura bahumAnya haiM / yaha prAkRta gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai / dUsare grantha nyAyAvatAra tathA dvAtriMzatikAe~ saMskRta meM haiN| sabhI grantha gahana dArzanika carcAoMse paripUrNa haiM / prasiddha itihAsajJa paM0 jugalakizora' mukhtAra ne gahare adhyayana aura khoja ke bAda yaha siddha kiyA hai ki ukta saba kRtiyA~ eka hI siddhasena kI nahIM haiM, siddhasena nAmake koI dUsare vidvAna bhI hue haiN| devanandi ( IsAkI pAMcavIM zatI) zravaNabelagolA ke zilAlekha naM0 40 ( 64 ) meM likhA hai ki inakA pahalA nAma devanandi thA / buddhikI mahattA ke kAraNa ve 1. anekAnta, varSa 6, ki0 11 ( sanmati siddhasenA~ka ) /

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268 jainadharma jinendra buddhi kahalAye aura devoMne unake caraNoMkI pUjA kI, isalie unakA nAma pUjyapAda huaa| inakA saMkSipta nAma 'deva' bhI thaa| AcArya jinasenane AdipurANameM aura vAdirAjasUrine pArzvanAthacaritrameM inheM isI saMkSipta nAmase smaraNa kiyA hai| mahAkavi dhanaJjayane apanI nAmamAlAmeM pUjyapAdake vyAkaraNako 'apazcima ratnatraya' meM ginAyA hai| inakA jainendravyAkaraNa jainoMkA pahalA saMskRta vyAkaraNa hai| isake sUtra bahuta hI saMkSipta haiM / saMjJAe~ bhI saMkSipta haiM / mugdhabodhake kartA paM0 bopadevane ATha vaiyAkaraNoMmeM janendrakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jainendrake sivAya inake cAra grantha aura upalabdha haiM-sarvArthasiddhi, samAdhitaMtra, iSTopadeza aura dazabhakti (sNskRt)| inhoMne apane jainendrapara nyAsa bhI banAyA thA jo aprApya hai| isI taraha vaidyaka grantha bhI inhoMne banAye the| gaMgavaMzIya rAjA duvinIta inakA ziSya thA, jisakA rAjyakAla I0 san 482 se 512 taka mAnA jAtA hai| pAtrakesarI (IsAkI 6ThI zatI) inheM pAtrasvAmI bhI kahate haiN| inhoMne bauddhauMke trairUpya hetu vAdakA khaNDana karaneke lie 'trilakSaNa kadarthana' nAmakA zAkha racA thA jo anupalabdha hai| zAntarakSitane apane tattvasaMgrahameM pAtrasvAmIke mata kI AlocanA karate hue kucha kArikAe~ pUrvapajhake rUpameM dI haiN| inakA nimna zloka bahuta prasiddha hai anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim // vAdirAjasUri aura anantavIryane likhA hai ki bauddhauke trilakSaNakA khaNDana karaneke lie padmAvatIdevIne bhagavAna sImandhara svAmIke samavasaraNameM jAkara unake gaNadharake prasAda se isa zlokako prApta karake pAtra kesarIko diyA thaa| zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekha naM054 meM bhI aisA ullekha hai|

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269 jaina sAhitya akalaMka' (I0 620 se 680) yaha jainanyAyake pratiSThAtA the| prakANDa paNDita, dhurandhara zAstrArthI aura utkRSTa vicAraka the| jainanyAyako inhoMne jo rUpa diyA use hI uttarakAlIna jaina granthakAroMne apnaayaa| bauddhoMke sAtha inakA khUba saMgharSa rhaa| svAmI samantabhadrake yaha suyogya uttarAdhikArI the| inhoMne unake AptamImAMsA granthapara 'aSTazatI' nAmaka bhASyakI racanA kii| inakI racanAe~ durUha aura gambhIra haiM / abataka inake aSTazatI, pramANasaMgraha, nyAyavinizcaya, laghIyastraya, siddhivinizcaya aura tattvArtharAjavArtika, nAmake grantha prakAzameM A cuke haiN| vidyAnandi (I0 9vIM zatI) vidyAnandi apane samayake bahuta hI samartha vidvAna the| inhoMne akalaMkadevakI aSTazatIpara 'aSTasahasrI' nAmakA mahAna grantha likhA hai jise samajhane meM acche acche vidvAnoMko kaSTa sahasrIkA anubhava hotA hai| ye sabhI darzanoMke pAragAmI vidvAna the| inhoMne AptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, tattvArthazlokavArtika aura yuktyanuzAsana-TIkA nAmake grantha race haiN| sabhI bahuta praur3ha dArzanika grantha haiN| mANikyanandi (I0 9vIM zatI) inhoMne akalaMkadevake vacanoMkA avagAhana karake parIkSAmukha nAmake sUtra granthakI racanA kI hai jisameM pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakA sUtrabaddha vivecana kiyA hai| sUtra saMkSipta spaSTa aura sarasa haiN| anantavIrya (I0 kI 9vIM zatI) yaha akalaMka nyAyake prakANDa paNDita the| inhoMne unake 1. inako jIvanI va paricaya jAnaneke lie nyAyakumudacandrake prathama bhAgako prastAvanA par3hiye /

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jainadharma siddhivinizcaya granthapara bahuta hI vidvattApUrNa TIkA likhI hai / vAdirAjane apane nyAyavinizcayavivaraNameM inakI bahuta prazaMsA kI hai, aura likhA hai ki inake vacanAmRtakI vRSTise jagatko khA jAnevAlI zUnyavAdarUpI agni zAnta ho gayI / 270 vIrasena ( I0 790-825 ) AcArya vIrasena prasiddha siddhAnta grantha SaTkhaNDAgama aura kasAyapAhuDake marmajJa the / unhoMne prathama pranthapara 62 hajAra zloka pramANa prAkRta- saMskRta-mizrita dhavalA nAmakI TIkA likhI hai / aura kasAyapAhuDa para 20 hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA likhakara hI svargavAsI ho gye| ye TIkAe~ jainasiddhAnta kI gahana carcAoMse paripUrNa haiM / dhavalAkI prazastimeM unheM vaiyAkaraNoMkA adhipati, tArkikacakravartI aura 'pravAdI rUpI gajoMke lie siMha' samAna batalAyA hai ! jinasena ( I0800-880 ) yaha vIrasenake ziSya the| inhoMne guruke svargavAsI ho jAne para jayadhavalA TIkAko pUrA kiyaa| inhoMne apaneko 'aviddhakarNa' batalAyA hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha bAlavayameM ho dIkSita ho gaye the / yaha bar3e kavi the / inhoMne apane navayauvanakAlameM hI kAlidAsake meghadUtako lekara pAzvabhyudaya nAmakA sundara kAvya racA thA / meghadUtameM jitane bhI padya haiM, unake antima caraNa tathA anya caraNoMmeMse bhI eka eka, do do karake isake pratyeka padyameM samAviSTha kara liye gaye haiM / inakA eka dUsarA grantha mahApurANa hai| inhoMne tiresaTha zalAkA puruSoMkA caritra likhanekI icchAse mahApurANa likhanA prArambha kiyA / kintu inakA bhI bIcameM hI svargavAsa ho gayA / ataH use - inake ziSya guNabhadrAcAryane pUrNa kiyaa| rAjA amoghavarSa inakA ziSya thA aura inheM bahuta mAnatA thA /

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jaina sAhitya 271 prabhAcandra (I0 san kI 11vIM zatI) AcArya prabhAcandra eka bahuzruta dArzanika vidvAna the| sabhI darzanoM ke prAyaH sabhI maulika granthoMkA unhoMne abhyAsa kiyaathaa| yaha bAta unake race hue nyAyakumudacandra aura prameya-kamala-mArtaNDa nAmaka dArzanika granthoMke avalokanase spaSTa ho jAtI hai| inameM se pahalA grantha akalaMkadevake laghIyastrayakA vyAkhyAna hai aura dUsarA AcArya mANikyanandike parIkSAmukha nAmaka sUtra granthakA / zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekha naM040 (64) meM inheM zabdAmbhoruhabhAskara aura prathita tarka granthakAra batalAyA hai| inhoMne zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNapara eka vistRta nyAsa grantha bhI racA thA jisakA kucha bhAga upalabdha hai| inake gurukA nAma padmanandi saiddhAntika thaa| vAdirAja (I0 sa0 11voM zatI) vAdirAja tArkika hokara uccakoTike kavi the| SaTtarkaSaNmukha, syAdvAdavidyApati aura jagadekamallavAdI unakI upAdhiyA~ thiiN| nagara tAllukAke zilAlekha naM0 39 meM batAyA hai ki ve sabhAmeM akalaMka the, pratipAdana karanemeM dharmakIrti the, bolanemeM bRhaspati the aura nyAyazAstrameM akSapAda the| unhoMne akalaMkadevake nyAyavinizcayapara vidvattApUrNa vivaraNa likhA hai jo lagabhaga bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa hai| tathA zaka saM0 947 (I0 saM0 1025) meM pArzvanAthacarita racA jo bahuta hI sarasa praur3ha racanA hai / anya bhI kaI grantha aura strotra inhoMne banAye haiM / inake gurukA nAma matisAgara thaa| yaha to huA kucha prasiddha digambara jainAcAryoMkA paricaya / aba kucha zvetAmbara jainAcAryoMkA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| ina AcAryoMmeM umAsvAmIkI umAsvAti nAmase tathA siddhasenakI siddhasenadivAkara nAmase zvetAmbara sampradAyameM bhI bahuta pratiSThA hai / aura vaha inako zvetAmbarAcArya rUpasehI mAnatA hai|

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272 jainadharma niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu bhadrabAhu nAmake do AcArya ho gaye haiN| yaha dUsare bhadrabAhu vikramakI chaThI zatImeM hue haiN| ve jAtise brAhmaNa the| prasiddha jyotiSI varAhamihira inakA bhAI thaa| inhoMne AgamoM para niyuktiyoMkI racanA kI tathA anya bhI aneka grantha banAye / mallavAdI yaha prabala tArkika the| AcArya hemacandrane apane vyAkaraNameM likhA hai ki saba tArkika mallavAdIse pIche haiN| inakA banAyA huA nayacakra grantha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai jisakA pUrA nAma 'dvAdazAra nayacakra' hai| mUla grantha to upalabdha nahIM hai kintu usakI siMha kSamAzramaNa kRta TIkA milatI hai| AcArya haribhadrane apane 'anekAnta jayapatAkA' granthameM inakA vAdimukhya karake ullekha kiyA hai, ataH itanA nizcita hai ki ye vikramakI AThavIM zatIse pahile hue haiN| jinabhadragaNi (I0 6-7vIM zatI) / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa eka bahuta hI samartha aura Agamakuzala vidvAna the| inakA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya nAmakA eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| usIke kAraNa bhASyakAra nAmase inakI khyAti hai| isa graMthameM unhoMne siddhasenake vicAroMkA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| vizeSaNavatI, Adi anya bhI aneka graMtha inake race hue haiN| AcArya hemacandrane inheM utkRSTa vyAkhyAtA batalAyA hai| haribhadra (I0 700-750) haribhadrasUri zvetAmbara sampradAyake bahumAnya vidvAna hue haiN| inhoMne saMskRta aura prAkRtameM aneka granthoMkI racanA kI hai| inake race huepranthoMmeM anekAnta praveza, anekAnta-jayapatAkA,

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jaina sAhitya 273 lalitavistarA, SaDdarzana samuccaya, aura samarAica kahA ati prasiddha haiN| apane prakaraNa granthoMmeM inhoMne tatkAlIna sAdhuoMkI kharI AlocanA bhI kI hai| ____ abhayadeva (I011 vIM zatI) yaha pradhumnasUrike ziSya the| inhoMne siddhasenake sanmatitarkapara bahuta hI vidvattApUrNa TIkA likhI hai| isa TIkAmeM saikar3oM dArzanika granthoMkA nicor3a bharA huA hai| saMkSepameM digambara paramparAmeM akalaMkadeva, vidyAnandi aura prabhAcandakA jo sthAna hai vahI sthAna zvetAmbara paramparAmeM mallavAdI, haribhadra aura abhayadeva sUrikA hai| chahoM vidvAna dArzanika kSetrake jAjvalyamAna nakSatra the| hemacandra ( I0 13vIM zatI) vidvAnoMmeM AcArya hemacandrako bahuta U~cA sthAna prApta hai| gurjara nareza siddharAja jayasiMha unakA pUrNa bhakta thaa| usake nAmapara hI unhoMne apanA siddha haima vyAkaraNa bnaayaa| usIkA eka adhyAya prAkRta vyAkaraNa hai joati prasiddha hai / AcAryakA janma saM0 1145 meM huaa| nau varSakI avasthAmeM dIkSA lI aura saM0 1162 meM AcArya pada prApta kiyaa| saM0 1229 meM unakA svargavAsa ho gayA / nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, koSa Adi sabhI viSayoMpara unhoMne adbhuta grantha likhe / jayasiMhakA uttarAdhikArI rAjA kumArapAla to unakA ziSya hI thaa| yazovijaya (I. 18vIM zatI) zvetAmbara paramparAmeM hemacandrAcAryake pazcAt yazovijaya jaisA sarvazAstrapAraMgata dUsarA vidvAn nahIM huaa| inhoMne kAzImeM vidyAdhyayana kiyA thA aura navyanyAyake na kevala vidvAna hI the kintu usI zailImeM kaI grantha bhI race / unakI jaina tarkabhASA, jJAnabindu, nayarahasya, nayapradIpa Adi grantha adhyayana karane yogya haiM / inakI vicArasaraNi bahuta hI pariSkRta aura saMtulita thii|

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5. jana kalA aura purAtattva jaina paramparA ke anusAra isa avasarpiNI kAlameM hAsa hote hote jaba bhogabhUmikA sthAna karmabhUmine le liyA to bhagavAn RSabhadevane janatAke yogakSemake lie puruSoMkI bahattara kalAoM aura striyoMke cauMsaTha guNoMko btlaayaa| jaina aMga sAhityake terahaveM pUrva meM unakA vistRta varNana thA, vaha aba naSTa ho cukA hai / isase patA lagatA hai ki pahale kalAkA artha bahuta vyApaka thA / usameM jIvana-yApanase lekara jIva- uddhAra takake saba satprayatna sammilita the / kahA bhI hai kalA bahattara puruSakI, tAmeM do saradAra / eka jIvakI jIvikA, eka jIva-uddhAra // jainadharmakA to pradhAna lakSya hI jIva uddhAra hai| balki yadi kahA jAya ki jIva uddhArake lie kiye jAne vAle satprayatnoMkA nAma hI jainadharma hai to anucita na hogA / isI se Aja kalAkI paribhASA jo 'satyaM zivaM sundaraM' kI jAtI hai, arthAt jo satya hai, kalyANakara hai aura sundara hai vahI kalA hai, vaha jainakalAmeM sughaTita hai, kyoMki jainadharmase sambaddha citrakalA, mUrtikalA aura sthApatyakalA, sundara honeke sAtha hI sAtha kalyANakara bhI hai aura satyakA darzana karAtI hai| nIce unakA paricaya saMkSepameM diyA jAtA hai / cakalA saragujA rAjyake antargata lakSmaNapura se 12 mIla rAmagiri nAmaka pahAr3a hai vahA~ para jogImArA guphA hai / guphAkI caukhaTa para bar3e hI sundara citra aMkita haiN| ye citra aitihAsika dRSTise prAcIna haiM tathA jainadharmase sambandhita haiM / parantu saMrakSaNake abhAvameM citroMkI hAlata kharAba ho gayI hai /

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jaina kalA aura purAtattva 275 pudukoTai rAjyameM rAjadhAnIse 9 mIla uttara eka jaina guphA mandira hai use sitannavAsala kahate haiN| sitannavAsala kA prAkRta rUpa hai siddhaNNabAsa - siddhoMkA nivAsa / isakI bhItoMpara pUrva - pallava rAjAoMkI zailIke citra haiM, jo tamila saMskRti aura sAhityake mahAn saMrakSaka prasiddha kalAkAra rAjA mahendravarmA prathama ( 600-625 I0 ) ke banavAye hue haiM aura atyanta sundara honeke sAtha hI sAtha sabase prAcIna jaina citra haiM / isameM to koI sandeha nahIM ki ajaMtAke sarvotkRSTa citroMke sAtha sitannavAsalake citroMkI tulanA karanA anyAya hogA / kintu ye citra bhI bhAratIya citrakalAke itihAsameM gauravapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM / inakI racanA zailI ajaMtAke bhitticitroMse bahuta milatI julatI haiN| yahA~ aba dIvAroM aura chata para sirpha do cAra citra hI kucha acchI hAlatameM bace haiN| inakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki bahuta thor3I kintu sthira aura dRr3ha rekhAoM meM atyanta sundara AkRtiyA~ bar3I hoziyArIke sAtha likha dI gayI haiM jo sajIva sI jAna par3atI haiM / guphAmeM samavasaraNakI sundara racanA citrita hai / sArI guphA kamaloMse alaMkRta hai / khambhoMpara nartakiyoMke citra haiN| barAmadekI chatake madhyabhAgameM puSkariNIkA citra hai / jalameM pazupakSI jalavihAra kara rahe haiN| citrake dAhinI ora tIna manuSyAkRtiyA~ AkarSaka aura sundara haiM / guphAmeM paryaka mudrAmeM sthita puruSa pramANa atyanta sundara pA~ca tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ hai jo mUrtividhAna kalAkI apekSAse bhI ullekhanIya haiN| vAstava meM pallavakAlIna citra bhAratIya vidvAnoMke lie adhyayanakI vastu haiM / sitannavAsalake bAda jainadharma se sambaddha citrakalA ke udAharaNa dasavIM gyArahavIM zatIse lagAkara paMdrahavIM zatAbdI taka milate haiN| vidvAnoMkA kahanA hai ki isa madhyakAlIna citrakalAke avazeSekei lie bhArata jaina bhaNDAroMkA AbhArI hai; kyoMki prathama to isa kAlameM prAyaH eka hajAra varSa taka jainadharma kA prabhAva

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276 jainadharma bhAratavarSake eka bahuta bar3e bhAgameM phailA huA thaa| dUsare jainoMne bahuta bar3I saMkhyAmeM dhArmika grantha tAr3apatroMpara likhavAye aura citrita karavAye the| vi0 saM0 1157 kI citrita nizIthacUrNikI prati Aja upalabdha hai jo jainAzrita kalAmeM ati prAcIna hai| 15vIM zatoke pUrvakI jitanI bhI kalAtmaka citrakRtiyA~ milatI haiM ve kevala jaina granthoMmeM hI prApya haiN| __ Aja taka jo prAcIna jaina sAhitya upalabdha huA hai usakA bahubhAga tAr3apatroMpara likhA huA milA hai| ataH bhAratIya citrakalAkA vikAsa tAr3apatroMpara bhI khUba huA hai / muni jinavijayajIkA likhanA hai ki citrakalAke itihAsa aura adhyayanakI dRSTise tAr3apatrakI ye sacitra pustakeM bar3I mUlyavAn aura AkarSaNIya vastu haiN| madrAsa gavarnameNTa myUjiyamase "Tirupatti Kunram' nAmaka eka mUlyavAn grantha zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandrana dvArA likhita prakAzita huA hai| isameM prakAzita citroMse dakSiNa bhAratakI jaina citrakalA paddhatikA acchA AbhAsa milatA hai| inameM se adhikAMza citra bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura mahAvIrako jIvana ghaTanAoMpara prakAza DAlate haiN| unase usa samayake pahanAva nRtyakalA AdikA paricaya milatA hai| ___ tAr3apatroMko surakSita rakhaneke lie kASTha-phalakoMkA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / ataH unapara bhI jainacitra kalAke sundara namUne milate haiN| jaina citrakalAke sambandhameM citrakalAke mAnya vidvAn zrI ena0 sI0 mehatAne jo udgAra prakaTa kiye haiM ve usapara prakAza DAlaneke lie paryApta hoNge| ve likhate haiM-"jaina citroMmeM eka prakAra kI nirmalatA, sphUrti aura gativega hai, jisase DA0 AnandakumAra svAmI jaise rasika vidvAn mugdha ho jAte haiN| 1. bhAratIya citrakalA pR0 33 /

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bhane sAmAnya upahana kucha mAnava sabhyatAke adhyayana jaina kalA aura purAtattva 277 ina citroMkI paramparA ajaMtA, elaurA, bAgha, aura sitanavAsalake bhitticitroMkI hai| samakAlIna sabhyatAke adhyayanake lie ina citroMse bahuta kucha jJAnavRddhi hotI hai| khAsakara pozAka, sAmAnya upayogameM AnevAlI cIjeM Adike sambandhameM aneka bAteM jJAta hotI haiN|' mUrtikalA jainadharma nivRttipradhAna dharma hai, ataH prArambhase lekara Ajataka usake mUrtividhAnameM prAyaH ekahI rItike darzana hote haiN| I0 sa0 ke ArambhameM kuzAna rAjyakAlakI jo jaina pratimAe~ milatI haiM unameM aura saikar3oM varSa pIchekI banI jaina mUrtiyoM meM bAhya dRSTise thor3A bahuta hI antara hai / pratimAke lAbhaNika aMga lagabhaga do hajAra varSataka eka hI rUpameM kAyama rahe haiN| padmAsana yA khaDgAsana mUrtiyoMmeM lambA kAla bIta jAnepara bhI vizeSa bheda nahIM pAyA jaataa| jaina tIrthakkarakI mUrti virakta, zAnta, aura prasanna hotI hai| usameM manuSyahRdayakI vikRtiyoMko sthAna nahIM hotaa| isase jaina pratimA usakI mukhamudrAke Uparase turanta hI pahacAnI jA sakatI hai| khar3I mUrtiyoMke mukhapara prasannatA aura donoM hAtha nirjIva jaise sIdhe laTakate hue hote haiM / baiThI huI pratimA dhyAnamudAmeM padmAsanase virAjamAna hotI hai| donoM hAtha godImeM saralatAse sthApita rahate haiN| 24 tIrthakaroMke pratimAvidhAnameM vyaktibheda na honese unake Asanake Upara aMkita cihnoMse jude jude tIrthaGkaroMkI pratimA pahacAnI jAtI hai / digambara aura zvetAmbara mUrtiyoMmeM bheda aura usake kAraNako carcA isI pustakake 'saMghabheda' zIrSakameM kI gayI hai| madhyakAlIna jaina mUrtiyoMmeM bauddha prathAke samAna kapAlapara UrNA aura mastakapara uSNISa tathA vakSasthalapara zrIvatsakA cihna bhI aMkita hone lgaa| kintu jaina mUrtiyoMkI lAkSaNika racanAmeM koI parivartana nahIM huaa|

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jainadharma vartamAnameM sabase prAcIna jaina mUrti paTanAke lohanIpura sthAnase prApta huI hai / yaha mUrti niyamase maurya kAlakI hai aura paTanA myujiyama meM rakhI huI hai| isakA camakadAra pAlisa abhI taka bhI jyoMkA tyoM banA hai| lAhora, mathurA, lakhanaU, prayAga Adike myUjiyamoM meM bhI aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ maujUda haiN| inameM se kucha guptakAlIna haiN| zrI vAsudeva upAdhyAya likhA haimathurAmeM 24veM tIrthaGkara vardhamAna mahAvIrakI eka mUrti milI hai| jo kumAraguptake samayameM taiyAra kI gayI thI / vAstava meM mathurAmeM jaina mUrtikalAkI dRSTise bhI bahuta kAma huA hai| zrI rAya kRSNadAsane' likhA hai ki mathurAkI zuMgakAlIna kalA mukhyataH jaina sampradAyakI hai| 278 khaNDagiri aura udayagirimeM I0 pU0 188-30 takakI zuMgakAlIna mUrtizilpake adbhuta cAturya ke darzana hote haiM / vahA~para isa kAlakI kaTI huI sauke lagabhaga jaina guphAe~ haiM jinameM mUrtizilpa bhI hai| dakSiNa bhAratake alagAmalai nAmaka sthAnameM khudAIse jo jaina mUrtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM unakA samaya I0 pU0 300-200 ke lagabhaga batAyA jAtA hai| una mUrtiyoMkI saumyA - kRti dravir3akAla meM anupama mAnI jAtI hai / zravaNabelagolAkI prasiddha jainamUrti to saMsArakI adbhuta vastuoMmeM se hai / vaha apane anupama saundarya aura adbhuta zAntise pratyeka vyaktiko apanI ora AkRSTa kara letI hai| vaha vizvako jaina mUrtikalAkI anupama dena hai / sthApatyakalA tIrthaGkaroMkI sAdI pratimAoMke AvAsagRhoMko sajAne meM jainAzrita kalAne kucha nAkI nahI rkhaa| bhAratavarSa ke cAroM konoM meM jaina mandiroMkI advitIya imArateM Aja bhI khar3I huI haiN| maisUra rAjyake hasana jilemeM velUrake jaina mandira madhyakAlIna 1. bhAratIya mUrtikalA pU0 59 /

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jaina kalA aura purAtattva 279 jaina vaibhavakI sAkSI dete haiN| gujarAtameM AbU ke mandiroMmeM to sthApatyakalA dekhate hI banatI hai / vindhyaprAntake chatarapura rAjyake khajurAhA sthAnameM navamIse gyArahavIM zatI takake bahutase sundara devAlaya bane hue haiM, aura kAle pattharakI khaNDita akhaNDita aneka jaina pratimAe~ jagaha-jagaha dRSTigocara hotI haiN| ilAhAbAda myunisipala saMgrahAlayameM jaina mUrtiyoMkA acchA saMgraha hai jo prAyaH bundelakhaNDase lAyI gayI haiN| kisI samaya bundelakhaNDa jaina purAtattva aura kalAkA mahAn poSaka thaa| usane zilpiyoMko yatheccha dravya dekara jaina kalAtmaka kRtiyoMkA sRjana kraayaa| isakA pUrA hAla khajurAhA aura devagar3hakI yAtrA karake hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| cittaur3akA jaina stambha sthApatyakalAkI dRSTise ullekhanIya hai| yaha apanI zailIkA akelA hI hai| isakI U~cAI 80 phITa hai, aura gharAtalase coTI taka sundara nakkAzI aura sajAvaTase zobhita hai| isake nIce eka zilAlekha bhI hai jisameM usakA samaya 896 I0 diyA hai| yaha stambha prathama tIrthaGkara AdinAthase sambaddha hai| isake Upara unakI saikar3oM mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| gyAliyarakI pahAr3Ipara bhI purAtattvakI ullekhanIya sAmagrI hai| pahAr3ake cAroM ora bahutasI mUrtiyA~ khodI huI haiM, unameMse kucha to 57 phITa U~cI haiN| phreMca kalAvida jyUrinone apanI pustaka 'lA relijana da jaina' meM ThIka hI likhA hai--'vizeSataH sthApatya kalAke kSetrameM jainiyoMne aisI pUrNatA prApta kara lI hai ki zAyada hI koI unakI barAbarI kara ske| __jaina sthApatyakalAke sabase prAcIna avazeSa ur3IsAke udayagiri aura khaNDagiri parvatoMkI tathA jUnAgar3hake giranAra parvatakI guphAoMmeM milate haiN| udayagiri aura khaNDagirIkI guphAoMke bAremeM phargyusanakA kahanA hai ki unakI vicitratA aura prAcInatA tathA usameM pAyI jAnevAlI mUrtiyoMke AkAra-prakArake kAraNa unakA asAdhAraNa mahatva hai| udayagirikI hAthIguphA

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280 jainadharma to khAravelake kAraNa hI mahattvapUrNa hai parantu sthApatyakalAkI dRSTise rAnI aura gaNeza guphAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| unameM bhagavAn pArzvanAthakA jIvanavRttAnta bar3I kuzalatAse khodA gayA hai / kalAkI dRSTise mathurAke AyAgapaTa, bor3ana stUpa aura toraNa ullekhanIya haiN| jaina sthApatya kalA apekSAkRta arvAcIna udAharaNa AbU Adi sthAnoM meM aura rANA kumbhAke samayake avazeSoMmeM milate haiN| alavara rAjyake bhAnugar3ha sthAnameM bhI bahuta sundara jaina mandira haiM / unameM se eka to 10-11vIM zatIkA hai aura khajurAhoke jaisA ho sundara hai| mi0 phargyusanakA kahanA hai ki rAjaputAnemeM jainI kama raha gaye haiM, phalataH unake mandiroMkI duravasthA hai / kintu bhAratIya kalAke premiyoM ke lie ve bahuta kAmake haiM / jainoM kI sthApatya kalAne gujarAtakI bhI zobhA bar3hAyI hai / yaha saba mAnate haiM ki yadi jaina kalA aura sthApatya jIvita na hote to musalima kalAse hindUkalA dUSita ho jAtI / phargyusanane sthApatyapara eka grantha likhA hai / usameM vaha likhatA hai ki jo koI bhI bArahavIM zatIkA brAhmaNa dharmakA mandira hai, vaha gujarAtameM jainoMke dvArA vyavahRta zailIkA udAharaNa hai| rANakapurake jaina mandirake aneka stambhoMko dekhakara kalAke pArakhI mugdha ho jAte haiN| dakSiNameM jahA~ bauddha dharmake sthApatyake ine-gine avazeSa haiM vahA~ jaina dharmake prAcIna sthApatyake bahutase udAharaNa Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / inameM pramukha hai elorAkI indrasabhA aura jagannAtha sabhA / saMbhavata: inakI khudAI cAlukyoMkI bAdAmI zAkhA yA rASTrakUToMke tattvAvadhAna meM huI hogI; kyoMki bAdAmImeM bhI isI tarahakI eka jaina guphA hai jo sAtavIM zatIkI mAnI jAtI hai / dakSiNa meM jaina mandiroM aura mUrtiyoMko bahutAyata hai / zravaNabelagolA (maisUra) meM gomaTTasvAmIkI prasiddha jaina mUrti hai jo sthApatya kalAkI dRSTise apUrva hai / vahA~ aneka jaina mandira haiM

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jaina kalA aura purAtattva 281 1 jo draber3iyana zailIke haiN| kanAr3A jilemeM athavA tulu pradezameM jaina mandiroMkI bahutAyata hai kintu unakI zailI na dakSiNa bhAratakI draver3iyana zailIse hI milatI hai aura na uttara bhAratakI zailI / mUDhavidrIke mandiroMmeM lakar3IkA upayoga adhika pAyA jAtA hai aura usakI nakkAzI darzanIya hai / sArAMza yaha ki bhAratavarSakA zAyada hI koI konA aisA ho jahA~ jaina purAtattva ke avazeSa na pAye jAte hoM / jahA~ Aja jainoMkA nivAsa nahIM hai vahA~ bhI jaina kalAke sundara namUne pAye jAte haiM / isIse prasiddha citrakAra zrIyuta ravizaMkara rAvalakA kahanA hai - 'bhAratIya kalAkA abhyAsI jainadharmakI jarA bha upekSA nahIM kara sktaa| mujhe jainadharma kalAkA mahAn AzrayadAtA, uddhAraka aura saMrakSaka pratIta hotA hai / ' sva0 ke0pI0 jAyasavAlane jainadharmase sambaddha vAstukalAke viSayameM eka bhrAmaka bAta kahI hai'| jaina aura bauddha mandiroMpara apsarAoM AdikI mUrtiko lekara unhoMne likhA hai- 'aba prazna yaha hai ki bauddhoM aura jainoMko ye apsarAe~ kahA~ se miloM X XX merA uttara yaha hai ki unhoMne ye saba cIjeM sanAtanI hindU (vaidika) imAratoMse lI haiM / bhAratIya kalAko isa taraha phikoMmeM bAMTane ke sambandhameM vyuhalarakA mata ullekhanIya hai jo unhoMne mathurA se prApta purAtattva se zikSA grahaNa karake nirdhArita kiyA thaa| unakA kahanA hai - 'madhurAse prApta khojoMne mujhe yaha pATha par3hAyA hai ki bhAratIya kalA sAmpradAyika nahIM hai| bauddha, jaina aura brAhmaNa dharmone apane-apane samayako aura dezakI kalAoMkA upayoga kiyA hai / unhoMne kalAke kSetrameM pratIkoM aura rUr3higata rItiyoM ko eka hI srotase liyA hai| cAhe stUpa hoM, yA pavitra vRkSa yA cakra yA aura kucha hoM, ye sabhI dhArmika yA kalAtmaka tattvoMke rUpameM jaina, 1. andhakAra yugIna bhArata, pR0 95-66 /

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282 jainadharma bauddha aura sanAtanI hindU sabhIke lie samAna rUpase sulabha haiN|' ___ unake isa matakI puSTi viseNTa smithane apanI pustaka 'dI jaina stUpa eNDa adara eNTIkvITIs Apha mathurA' meM kI hai| isa taraha prAcIna mandiroM, mUrtiyoM, zilAlekhoM, guphAoM aura tAmrapatroMke rUpameM Aja bhI jaina purAtattva yatra tatra pAyA jAtA hai aura bahuta sA samayake pravAhameM naSTa ho gayA tathA naSTa kara diyA gyaa| mi0 phargyusanakA kahanA hai ki bAraha khambhoMke gumbajoMkA jainoMmeM bahuta calana rahA hai / isa tarahakA gumbaja eka to bhelasAmeM nirmita samAdhimeM pAyA jAtA hai jo sambhavataH 4 thI zatIkA hai| dUsarA bAghakI mahAna guphAoMmeM hai jo chaThI yA sAtavIM zatIkA hai / isa tarahake gumbaja khojane para aura bhI mila sakate the| kintu ina gumbajoMke patale aura zAnadAra stambhoMko musalamAnoMne apane kAmakA pAyA; kyoMki ve bar3I saralatAse phirase baiThAye jA sakate the| isalie unheM binA naSTa kiye hI musalamAnoMne apane kAmameM le liyaa| mi0 'phagryusanakA kahanA hai ki ajamera, dehalI, kannauja, dhAra aura ahamadAbAdakI vizAla masjida jainoMke mandiroMse hI punaH nirmita kI gayI haiN| ___ gujarAtake prasiddha somanAthake mandirako kauna nahIM jaantaa| I0 1025 meM mahamUda gajanIne ise tor3A thaa| isa mandira kI nirmANa zailI giranAra parvatapara sthita zrI neminAthake jaina mandirase milatI-julatI huI hai| mi0 phargyusanakA kahanA hai ki jaba musalamAnoMne isa mandirapara AkramaNa kiyA usa samaya vaha somezvarakA mandira kahA jAtA thaa| somezvara nAmase hI ziva mAna liyA gyaa| yadi vaha mandira zivakA thA to usameM avazya hI zivaliMga pratiSThita honA caahiye| kintu musalima itihAsa lekhakoMkA kahanA hai ki mUrtike sira hAtha paira aura peTa thaa| aisI sthitimeM vaha mUrti zivaliMga na hokara viSNukI yA 1. History of Indian and Eastern Architecture. P. 209.

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jaina kalA aura purAtattva 283 kisI jaina tIrthakarakI honI caahiye| usa samaya gujarAtameM vaiSNavadharmakA nAmonizAna bhI dekhaneko nahIM miltaa| tathA musalamAnoMke bAda usa mandirakA jIrNoddhAra rAjA bhImadeva, siddharAja aura kumArapAlane karAyA, jo saba jaina the| ina saba bAtoMparase phargyusana sA0 ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki somanAthakA mandira jaina mandira thaa| kalAkI taraha purAtattva zabdakA artha bhI bahuta vyApaka hai| itihAsa Adike nirmANameM jina sAdhanoMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai ve sabhI purAtattvameM garbhita haiN| ataH prAcIna mandiroM, mUrtiyoM, guphAoM aura stambhoMkI taraha prAcIna zilAlekhoM aura zAstroMko bhI purAtattvameM sammilita kiyA jA sakatA hai| - zravaNabelagolA (maisUra) meM bahutase zilAlekha aMkita haiN| maisUra purAtattva vibhAgake tatkAlIna adhikArI lUisa rAisa sAhabane zravaNabelagolAke 144 zilAlekhoMkA saMgraha prakAzita kiyA thaa| isakI bhUmikAmeM unhoMne ina lekhoMke aitihAsika mahattvakI ora vidvAnoMkA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA aura candragupta maurya tathA bhadrabAhuke pArasparika sambandhakA vivecana kara unhoMne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki samrATa candragupta mauryane bhadrabAhuse jinadIkSA lI thI tathA zi0 lekha naM01 unhIMkA smAraka hai| ____ukta saMgrahakA dUsarA saMskaraNa rAvabahAdura Ara0 narasiMhAcAyane racakara prakAzita kiyaa| isameM unhoMne 500 zilAlekhoMkA saMgraha kiyA hai va bhUmikAmeM unake aitihAsika mahattvakA vivecana kiyA hai| kintu ye saMgraha kanar3I va romana lipimeM haiM ataH ukta lekhoMkA eka devanAgarI saMskaraNa pro0 hIrAlAla tathA zrIvijayamUrti Adise sampAdita karAke zrI nAthUrAmajI premIne prakAzita kiyA hai| isI taraha AbU devagar3ha AdimeM bhI aneka zilAlekha mUrtilekha vagairaha pAye jAte haiN| bhAratIya itihAsake lie atyanta mahattvapUrNa khaNDagiri udayagirise prApta jaina zilAlekhakI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai|

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jainadharma 284 isa taraha jainoMne bahusaMkhyaka zilAlekhoM, pratimAlekhoM, tAmrapatroM, grantha prazastiyoM, puSpikAoM, paTTAvaliyoM, gurvAvaliyoM, rAjavaMzAvaliyoM aura granthoMke rUpameM vipula aitihAsika sAmagrI pradAna kI hai| sva 0 vairisTara zrI kA0 pra0 jAyasavAlane apane eka lekhameM likhA thA- 'jainoMke yahA~ koI 2500 varSakI saMvat gaNanAkA hisAba hinduoM bharameM sabase acchA hai| usase vidita hotA hai ki purAne samaya meM aitihAsika paripATIkI varSagaNanA hamAre dezameM thI / jaba vaha aura jagaha lupta aura naSTa ho gayI, taba kevala jainoMmeM baca rahI / jainoMkI gaNanAke AdhArapara hamane paurANika aura aitihAsika bahuta-sI ghaTanAoMko jo buddha aura mahAvIrake samaya se idhara kI haiM, samayabaddha kiyA aura dekhA ki unakA ThIka milAna sujJAta gaNanAse mila jAtA hai / kaI eka aitihAsika bAtoMkA patA jainoMkI aitihAsika lekha paTTAvaliyoM meM hI milatA hai|' 1. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaM 1, pR0 211 |

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6. sAmAjika rUpa 1. jainasaMgha muni AryikA aura zrAvaka zrAvikA, inake samudAyako jainasaMgha kahate haiN| muni aura AryikA gRhatyAgI varga hai aura zrAvaka zrAvikA gRhI varga hai| jainasaMghameM ye donoM varga barAbara rahate haiN| jaba ye varga nahIM raheMge to jainasaMgha bhI nahIM rahegA, aura jaba jainasaMgha nahIM rahegA taba jainadharma bhI na rahegA / yadyapi ye donoM varga jude-jude haiM, phira bhI parasparameM ina donoMkA aisA gaThabandhana banAye rakhanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| ki donoM eka dUsarese jur3e nahIM ho sakate aura donoMkA parasparameM eka dUsarepara niyaMtraNa yA prabhAva jaisA kucha banA rahatA hai / hindUdharmake sAdhusantoMpara jaise unake gRhasthoMkA kucha bhI aMkuza nahIM rahatA, vaisI bAta jainasaMghameM nahIM hai| yahA~ zIlabhraSTa aura kadAcArI sAdhuoMpara barAbara nigAha rakhI jAtI hai aura kisIkI svacchandatA adhika dinoM taka nahIM cala pAtI / Aja to saMghavyavasthA asta-vyasta ho gayI hai aura sAdhuoMmeM bhI niyamanakA abhAva ho gayA hai, kintu pahale yaha bAta na thI / pahale AcAryako svIkRti aura anujJAke binA koI sAdhu akelA bihAra nahIM kara sakatA thA / aura akele vihAra karanekI AjJA use hI dI jAtI thI jise cirakAlake sahavAsase parakha liyA jAtA thaa| muni dIkSA bhI harekako nahIM dI jAtI thii| pahale use saMgha meM rakhakara parakhA jAtA thA aura yaha jAnanekA prayatna kiyA jAtA thA ki vaha kisI gArhasthika, rAjakIya yA anya kisI kAraNase ghara chor3akara to nahIM bhAgA hai / yadi usake cittameM vastutaH vairAgyabhAvanA prabala hotI thI to use sarvasaMghake samakSa jinadIkSA dI jAtI thii| sAdhusaMghameM eka pradhAna AcArya

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286 jainadharma hote the aura kucha avAntara AcArya hote the / ve saba milakara saMghakA niyamana karate the / prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya aura dhyAnakI ora sAdhuvargakA khAsa taura se dhyAna dilAyA jAtA thA / pratyeka sAdhuke lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki vaha apane aparAdhoMkI AlocanA AcAryake sanmukha kare aura AcArya jo prAyazcitta deM use sAdara svIkAra kare / pratidina pratyeka sAdhu prAtaHkAla uThakara apanese bar3oMko namaskAra karatA thA aura jo rogI yA asamartha sAdhu hote the unakI sevA-zuzrUSA karatA thA / isa sevA-zuzrUSA yA vaiyAvRtyakA jainazAstroM meM bar3A mahattva batalAyA hai aura ise Abhyantara tapa kahA hai / isI prakAra AryikAoMkI bhI vyavasthA thI / donoMkA rahanA vagairaha bilkula judA hotA thaa| kisI sAdhuko AryikAse yA AryikA - ko sAdhuse ekAntameM bAtacIta karanekI sakhta manAI thI, aura nizcita dUrIpara baiThanekA Adeza thA / sAdhuvarga rAjakAjase koI sarokAra nahIM rakha sakatA thA / sAdhuke jo dasa kalpa- avazya karane yogya AcAra batalAye haiM unameM sAdhuke lie rAjapiNDa - rAjAkA bhojana grahaNa na karanA bhI eka AcAra hai / rAjapiNDa grahaNa karanemeM aneka doSa batalAye haiN| hindU dharma meM dhArmika kriyAkANDa aura dhArmika zAstroMke adhyayana adhyApanake liye eka varga ho judA honese hindU dharmake anuyAyI gRhastha apane dharmake jJAnase to eka taraha se zUnyase hI ho gaye aura AcAra meM kevala UparI bAtoMtaka hI raha gaye / kintu jainadharma meM aisA koI varga na honese aura zAstra svAdhyAya tathA vyaktigata sadAcaraNapara jora honese saba zrAvaka aura zrAvikAe~ jainadharmake jJAna aura AcAraNase vaMcita nahIM ho sake / phalataH sAdhu aura AryikAoMke AcArameM kucha bhI truTi honepara ve usako jhaTa A~ka lete the| aisA lagatA hai ki digambara sampradAya meM bhaTTArakayugameM muniyoMmeM zithilAcAra kucha

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sAmAjika rUpa 287 bar3ha calA thA aura logoM meM muniyoMkI orase yahA~taka aruci - sI ho calI thI ki zrAvaka unheM bhojana bhI nahIM dete the / ataH usa samaya somadeva sUri aura paM0 AzAdharajIko apane-apane zrAvakAcArameM gRhasthoMkI isa kar3AIkA virodha karanA par3A thaa| somadevasUri likhate haiM "bhuktimAtrapradAne tu kA parIkSA tapasvinAm / te santaH santvasanto vA gRhI dAnena zuddhayati // " - upAsakA0 / arthAt -- "AhAramAtra denemeM muniyoMkI kyA parIkSA karate ho ? ve sajjana hoM yA asajjana hoM, gRhastha to dAna denese zuddha hotA hI haiM / " paM0 AzAdharajI likhate haiM "vinyasyaidaMyugIneSu pratimAsu jinAniva / bhaktyA pUrvamunInarcet kutaH zreyo'ticacinAm // " - sAgaragharmA 0 / arthAt - "jaise pratimAoMmeM tIrthaGkaroMkI sthApanA karake unheM pUjate haiM vaise hI isa yugake sAdhuoMmeM prAcIna muniyoMkI sthApanA karake bhaktipUrvaka unakI pUjA karanA cAhiye / jo loga jyAdA kSodakSema karate haiM unakA kalyANa kaise ho sakatA hai ?" gRhasthoMkI isa jAgarUkatAke phalasvarUpa hI jainadharma meM anAcArakI vRddhi nahIM ho sakI aura na use protsAhana hI mila skaa| jaina gRhasthoMmeM sadAse zAstramarmajJa vidvAn hote Aye haiM / jina vidvAnoMne bar3e-bar3e pranthoMkI hindI TIkAe~ kI haiM ve sabhI jaina gRhastha the| unhoMne apane sampradAyameM phailanevAle zithilAcArakA bhI DaTakara virodha kiyA thA, jisake phalasvarUpa eka nayA sampradAya bana gayA aura zithilAcArake sarjakoMkA lopa hI ho gayA / jainasaMgha meM striyoM ko bhI AdaraNIya sthAna prApta thaa| digambara sampradAya yadyapi strI-mukti nahIM mAnatA phira bhI AryikA aura zrAvikAoMkA barAbara sanmAna karatA hai aura unheM bahuta hI Adara aura zraddhAkI dRSTise dekhatA hai| jainasaMghameM vidhavA

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288 jainadharma ko jo adhikAra prApta haiM ve hindUdharmameM nahIM haiN| jaina siddhAntake anusAra putrarahita vidhavA strI apane patikI taraphase sampattikI mAlakina ho sakatI hai, apane mRta pati tathA usake uttarAdhikAriyoMkI sammatike binA dattaka le sakatI hai| jainasaMghameM cAroM varNake loga sammilita ho sakate the| zUdrako bhI dharmasevanakA adhikAra thA / jaisA ki likhA hai'zudro'pyupaskarAcAravapuzuddhayA'stu tAdRzaH / jAtyA hono'pi kAlAdilabdhau hmAtmA'sti dharmabhAka // 22 // ' -sAgAradharmA0 / arthAt-'upakaraNa, AcAra aura zarIrakI zuddhi honese zUdra bhI jainadharmakA adhikArI ho sakatA hai kyoMki kAlalabdhi Adike milanepara jAtise hIna AtmA bhI dharmakA adhikArI hotA hai|' . kintu munidIkSAke yogya tIna hI varNa mAne gaye haiN| kisI 'kisI AcAryane tInoM varNoMko parasparameM vivAha aura khAnapAna karanekI bhI anujJA dI hai| yaha bAta jainasaMghakI vizeSatAko batalAtI hai ki ahiMsA aNuvratakA pAlana karanevAloMmeM jainazAstroMmeM yamapAla caNDAlakA nAma var3e Adarase liyA gayA hai / svAmI samantabhadrane yahA~taka likhA hai "sanyagdarzanasampannamapi mAtaGgadehajam / devA devaM vidurbhasmagUDhAGgArAntarojasam // 28 // " -ratnakaraNDa shraa| arthAt-"samyagdarzanase yukta caNDAlako bhI jinendradeva rAkhase Dhake hue aGgArake samAna (antaraMgameM dIptise yukta) deva mAnate haiN|" __ jainasaMghakI eka dUsarI ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki pratyeka jainako apane sAdharmI bhAIke prati vaisA hI sneha rakhanekI hidAyata hai jaisA sneha gau apane baccese rakhatI hai| tathA yadi koI sAdharmI kisI kAraNavaza dharmase cyuta hotA thA to jisa 1. 'parasparaM trivarNAnAM vivAhaH paMktibhojanam' /

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16 289 sAmAjika rUpa upAyase bhI bane usa upAyase use cyuta na hone denekA prayatna kiyA jAtA thA aura yaha samyaktvake ATha aMgoMmeMse thaa| sAtha hI sAtha kisI bhI sAdharmIkA apamAna na karaneko sakhta AjJA thI, jaisA ki likhA hai "smayena yo'nyAnatyeti dharmasthAna gavitAzayaH / so'tyeti dharmamAtmIyaM na dharmo dhArmikavinA // 26 // " ratnakaraNDa shraa0| 'jo vyakti ghamaMDameM Akara anya dharmAtmAoMkA apamAna karatA hai vaha apane dharmakA apamAna karatA hai, kyoMki dhArmikoMke binA dharma nahIM rhtaa|' isa taraha jainasaMghakI vizAlatA, udAratA aura usakI saMgaThana-zaktine kisI samaya use bar3A bala diyA thA aura usIkA yaha phala hai ki bauddhadharmake apane dezase lupta ho jAnepara bhI jainadharma banA rahA aura abataka kAyama hai| kintu aba ve bAteM nahIM rahIM / logoMmeM sAdharmI-vAtsalya lupta hotA jAtA hai, ahaMkAra bar3hatA jAtA hai, aura kisIpara kisIkA niyaMtraNa nahIM rahA hai / isIlie vaha saMgaThana bhI aba zithila hotA jAtA hai| 2. saMghabheda jaina tIrthaGkaroMne dharmakA upadeza kisI sampradAyavizeSakI dRSTi se nahIM kiyA thaa| unhoMne to jisa mArgapara calakara svayaM sthAyI sukha prApta kiyA, janatAke kalyANake liye hI usakA pratipAdana kiyaa| unake upadezake sambandhameM likhA hai "anAtmArthaM vinA rAgaiH zAstA zAsti sato hitam / dhvanan zilpikarasparzAnmurajaH kimapekSate // 8 // " ratnakaraMDa zrA0 / arthAt-'tIrthaGkara binA kisI rAgake dUsaroMke hitakA upadeza dete haiN| zilpIke hAthake sparzase zabda karanevAlA mRdaGga kyA kucha apekSA karatA hai ? arthAt jaise zilpIkA hAtha par3ate hI mRdaGgase dhvani nikalatI

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290 jainadharma hai vaise hI zrotAoMkI hitakAmanAse prerita hokara vItarAgake dvArA hitopadeza diyA jAtA hai / isIlie unakA upadeza kisI vargavizepa yA jAtivizepake lie na hokara prANimAtrake lie hotA hai / use sunaneke lie manuSya-deva, strI-puruSa, pazu-pakSI sabhI Ate haiN| aura apanI-apanI ruci, zraddhA aura zaktike anusAra hitakI bAta lekara cale jAte haiM / kintu jo loga unakI bAtoMko svIkAra karate haiM aura jo svIkAra nahIM karate, ve donoM parasparameM ba~Ta jAte haiM aura isa tarahase sampradAya kAyama ho jAtA hai / ___bhagavAna mahAvIrase DhAI sau varSa pahale bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ho cuke the| bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM bhI unake anuyAyI maujUda the| unhIM meM se bhagavAna mahAvIrake mAtA-pitA the| bhagavAna mahAvIrane bhI usI mArgapara calakara tIrthaGkara pada prApta kiyA aura usI mArgakA upadeza kiyaa| isa tarahase unake samayameM samasta jainasaMgha abhinna thaa| aura Age bhI abhinna rhaa| kintu zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke samayameM magadhameM jo bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3A, usane saMghabhedako janma diyaa| digambaroMkI mAnyatAke anusAra samrATa candraguptake samayameM bAraha varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3A / usa samaya jaina sAdhuoMkI saMkhyA bahuta jyAdA thii| savako bhikSA nahIM mila sakatI thii| isa kAraNa bahutase niSThAvAn dRr3havratI sAdhu zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke sAtha dakSiNa bhAratako cale gaye aura zeSa sthUlabhadrake sAtha vahIM raha gye| sthUlabhadrake AdhipatyameM rahanevAle sAdhuoMne sAmayika paristhitiyoMse pIr3ita hokara vastra, pAtra, daNDa vagairaha upAdhiyoMko svIkAra kara liyaa| jaba dakSiNako gayA sAdhusaMgha lauTakara AyA aura usane vahA~ke sAdhuoMko vastra, pAtra vagairahake sAtha pAyA to unhoMne unako smjhaayaa| magara ve mAne nahIM, phalataH saMghabheda ho gayA / nagnatAke poSaka sAdhu digambara kahalAye aura vastra-pAtrake poSaka sAdhu zvetAmbara khlaaye| zvetAmbaroMkI mAnyatAke anusAra magadhameM durbhikSa par3anepara

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sAmAjika rUpa 291 bhadrabAhu svAmI nepAlakI ora cale gaye the| jaba durbhikSa haTA aura pATalIputrameM bAraha aMgoMkA saMkalana karanekA Ayojana kiyA gayA to bhadrabAhu usameM sammilita nahIM ho sake / phalataH bhadrabAhu aura saMgha ke sAtha kucha khIMcAtAnI bhI ho gayI jisakA varNana AcArya hemacandrane apane pariziSTa parva meM kiyA hai / isI ghaTanAko lakSyameM rakhakara DA0 harmana jekovIne jainasUtroMkI apanI prastAvanA meM likhA hai 'pATalIputra meM bhadrabAhukI anupasthitimeM gyAraha aMga ekatra kiye gaye the| digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI bhadrabAhuko apanA AcArya mAnate haiN| aisA honepara bhI zvetAmbara apane sthaviroMkI paTTAvalI bhadrabAhuke nAmase prArambha nahIM karate kintu unake samakAlIna sthavira sambhUtivijayake nAmase zurU karate haiM / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki pATalIputrameM ekatra kiye gaye aMga kevala zvetAmbaroMke hI mAne gaye, samasta jainasaMgha ke nahIM' / ina ullekhoMse spaSTa hai ki saMghabhedakA bIjAropaNa ukta samaya meM hI ho gayA thA / zvetAmbara sAhityake anusAra prathama jina zrIRSabhadevane aura antima jina zrImahAvIrane to acelaka dharmakA hI upadeza diyA / kintu bIca bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMne sacela aura acela donoM dharmoMkA upadeza diyA / jaisA ki paJcAzaka meM likhA hai P 'Acelakko dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jiNassa / majjhimagANa jiNANaM hoi sacelo acelo ya // 12 // ' aura isakA kAraNa yaha batalAyA hai ki prathama aura antima jinake samaya sAdhu vakrajar3a hote the - jisa tisa bahAnese tyAjya vastuoMkA bhI sevana kara lete the / ataH unhoMne spaSTarUpase acelaka arthAt vastrarahita dharmakA upadeza diyaa| isake anusAra pArzvanAthake samaya ke sAdhu savana rahate the aura unake mahAvIrake saMgha meM mila jAnepara Age calakara zithilAcArako

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292 jainadharma protsAhana milA aura zvetAmbara sampradAyakI sRSTi huii| aisA kucha vidvAnoMkA mata hai| zvetAmbara vidvAn paM0 becaradAsajIne likhA hai 'zrIpAzrvanAtha aura zrIvardhamAnake ziSyoMke 250 varSake dara. myAna kisI bhI samaya pAzvanAthake santAnIyoMpara usa samayake AcArahIna brAhmaNa guruoMkA asara par3A ho aura isI kAraNa unhoMne apane AcAroMmeM se kaThinatA nikAlakara vizeSa narama aura sukara AcAra banA diye hoM yaha vizeSa saMbhAvita hai| 4 x x pArzvanAthake bAda dIrgha tapasvI vardhamAna hue| unhoMne apanA AcaraNa itanA kaThina aura dussaha rakkhA ki jahA~taka merA khyAla hai isa tarahakA kaThina AcaraNa anya kisI dharmAcAryane Acarita kiyA ho aisA ullekha Ajatakake itihAsameM nahIM miltaa| x x x vardhamAnakA nirvANa honese paramatyAga mArgake cakravartIkA tirodhAna ho gayA aura aisA honese unake tyAgI nimrantha nirnAyakase ho gye| tathApi maiM mAnatA hU~ ki vardhamAnake pratApase unake bAdako do pIr3hiyoMtaka zrIvardhamAnakA vaha kaThina tyAgamArga ThIkarUpase calatA rahA thaa| yadyapi jina sukhazIliyoMne usa tyAgamArgako svIkArA thA unake lie kucha chuTe rakhI gayI thI aura unheM RjuprAjJake sambodhanase prasanna rakhA gayA thaa| tathApi merI dhAraNAmeM jaba ve usa kaThinatAko sahana karane meM asamartha nikale, aura zrIvardhamAna, sudharmA aura jambU jaise samartha tyAgIkI chAyAmeM ve aise daba gaye the ki kisI bhI prakArakI coM paTAka kiye binA yathA tathA thor3I sI chUTa lekara bhI vardhamAnake mArgakA anusaraNa karate the| parantu isa samaya vardhamAna, sudharmA yA jambU koI bhI pratApI puruSa vidyamAna na honese unhoMne zIghra hI yaha kaha DAlA ki jinezvarakA AcAra jinezvarake nirvANake sAtha hI nirvANako prApta ho gyaa| x x merI mAnyatAnusAra saMkrAntikAlameM hI zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratAkA bIjAropaNa huA hai aura jambU svAmI

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sAmAjika rUpa 293 ke nirvANake bAda isakA khUba poSaNa hotA rahA hai| yaha vizeSa saMbhavita hai / yaha hakIkata merI nirI kalpanAmAtra nahIM hai kintu vartamAna prantha bhI ise pramANita karaneke sabala pramANa de rahe haiN| vidyamAna sUtragranthoM evaM kitaneka granthoMmeM prasaGgopAtta yahI batalAyA gayA hai ki 'jambU svAmoke nirvANake bAda nimnalikhita dasa bAteM vicchinna ho gayI haiM-manaH paryayajJAna, paramAvadhijJAna, pulAkalabdhi, AhAraka zarIra, kSapakazreNi, upazamazreNI, jinakalpa, tIna saMyama, kevala jJAna aura dasavA~ siddhigamana / ' isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jambU svAmIke bAda jinakalpakA lopa huA batalAkara abase jinakalpake AcaraNako banda karanA aura usa prakArakA AcaraNa karanevAloMkA utsAha yA vairAgya bhaMga karanA, isake sivA isa ullekhameM anya koI uddeza mujhe mAlUma nahIM detaa| x x jambU svAmIke nivANake vAda jo jinakalpa viccheda honekA vanalepa kiyA gayA hai aura usakI AcaraNA karanevAloMko jinAjJA bAhara samajhanekI jo svArthoM evaM ekataraphI dambhI dhamakIkA DhiDhorA pITA gayA hai basa isImeM zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratAke viSavRkSa kI jar3a 'samAyI huI hai|" ___yadyapi digambara sampradAya yaha nahIM mAnatA ki bIcake 22 tIrthaGkaroMne sacela aura acela dharmakA nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| vaha to saba tIrthaGkaroMke dvArA acela mArgakA hI pratipAdana honA mAnatA hai / phira bhI paM0 vecaradAsajIke ukta vivecanase saMgha bhedake mUlAkAraNapara paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| zvetAmbara sAhityameM digambaroMkI utpattike viSayameM eka kathA milatI hai jisakA Azaya isa prakAra hai-"rathavIrapurameM zivabhUti nAmakA eka kSatriya rahatA thaa| usane apane rAjAke lie aneka yuddha jIte the isalie rAjA usakA khUba sanmAna 1. janasAhityameM vikAra pR0 87-105 /

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294 jainadharma karatA thaa| isase vaha bar3A ghamaNDI ho gayA thaa| eka bAra zivabhUti bahuta rAta gaye ghara lauttaa| mA~ ne phaTakArA aura dvAra nahIM kholA / taba vaha eka maThameM pahu~cA aura sAdhu ho gyaa| jaba rAjAko isa bAtakI khabara milI to usane use eka bahumUlya vasra bheMTa kiyaa| AcArya ne usa vastrako lauTA denekI AjJA dii| kintu zivabhUtine nahIM lauTAyA / taba AcAryane usa vastra ke Tukar3e karake unake Asana banA ddaale| isapara zivabhUti khUba krodhita huA aura usane prakaTa kiyA ki mahAvIrakI taraha maiM bhI vastra nahIM phruuNgaa| aisA kaha usane saba vastroMkA tyAga kara diyA / usakI bahinane bhI usakA anukaraNa kiyaa| striyoMko nagna na rahanA cAhiye aisA mata zivabhUtine taba jAhira kiyaa| aura yaha bhI jAhira kiyA ki strI mokSa nahIM jA sktii| isa taraha mahAvIra nirvANake 609 varpa vAda boTikoMko utpatti huI aura unameMse digambara sampradAya utpanna huaa|" digambara sampradAyakI mAnyatAke anusAra bhI zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti vikrama rAjAkI mRtyuke 136 veM varpameM huI hai| donoMmeM sirpha 3 varpakA antara honese donoMkI utpattikA kAla to lagabhaga eka hI ThaharatA hai / raha jAtI hai kathAkI bAta / so mahAvIrake dvArA pratipAdita aura Acarita digambaradharma unake bAda eka dama lupta ho jAya aura phira eka Rddha sAdhuke naMge ho jAne mAtrase cala par3e aura itane vistRta aura sthAyI rUpameM phaila jAya, yaha saba kalpanAkI vastu ho sakatI hai, kintu vAstavikatA isase dUra hai| jo zvetAmbara vidvAna isa kathAko ThIka samajhate haiM ve bhI isa bAtako mAnate haiM ki pahale sAdhu nagna rahate the phira dhIre-dhIre parigraha bddh'aa| ___ udAharaNake lie zvetAmbara muni kalyANa vijayajIke zabda hI hama yahA~ uddhRta karate haiM___ "AyarakSitake svargavAsake bAda dhIre-dhIre sAdhuoMkA nivAsa bastiyoMmeM hone lagA aura isake sAtha hI nagnatAkA

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sAmAjika rUpa 265 bhI anta hotA gyaa| pahale bastImeM jAte samaya bahudhA kaTibandhakA upayoga hotA thaa| vaha bastImeM basaneke bAda nirantara hone lgaa| dhIre-dhIre kaTi vastrakA bhI AkAra prakAra badalatA gyaa| pahale mAtra zarIrakA guhya aMga hI DhakanekA vizeSa khyAla rahatA thA para bAdameM sapUrNa nagnatA DhA~ka lenekI jarUrata samajhI gayI aura isake lie vastrakA AkAra prakAra bhI badalanA pdd'aa|" upadhiyoMkI saMkhyAmeM jisa kramase vRddhi huI use bhI muni kalyANa vijayajIke hI zabdoMmeM par3heM___ "pahale prativyakti eka hI pAtra rakhA jAtA thaa| para AryarakSita sUrine varSAkAlameM eka mAtraka nAmaka anya pAtra rakhanekI jo AjJA de dI thI usake phalasvarUpa Age jAkara mAtraka bhI eka avazya dhAraNIya upakaraNa ho gyaa| isI taraha jholImeM bhikSA lAnekA rivAja bhI lagabhaga isI samaya cAlU huA jisake kAraNa pAtranimittaka upakaraNoMkI vRddhi huii| pariNAma mvarUpa sthaviroMke kula 14 upakaraNoMkI vRddhi huI jo isa prakAra hai1 pAtra, 2 pAtrabandha, 3 pAtra sthApana, 4 pAtra pramAnikA, 5 paTala, 6 rajatrANa, 7 gucchaka, 8, 9 do cAdara, 10 UnI vastra (kambala), 11 rajoharaNa, 12 mukhapaTTI, 13 mAtraka aura 14 colpttttk| yaha upadhi audhika arthAt sAmAnya mAnI gayI aura Age jAkara isameM jo kucha upakaraNa bar3hAye gaye ve aupaprahika khlaaye| aupagrahika upadhimeM saMstAraka, uttarapaTTaka, daMDAsana aura vaMDa ye khAsa ullekhanIya haiN| ye saba upakaraNa Ajakala ke zvetAmbara jaina muni rakhate haiN|" ___ eka ora zvetAmbara sampradAyameM isa taraha sAdhuoMkI upadhimeM vRddhi hotI gayI, dUsarI ora AcArAMgameM jo acelakatAke pratipAdaka ullekha the unheM jinakalpIkA AcAra karAra de diyA gayA aura jina kalpakA viccheda honekI ghoSaNA karake mahA. 1. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra /

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266 jainadharma vIrake acelaka mArgako uThA denekA hI prayAsa kiyA gyaa| tathA uttarakAlameM sAdhUke vasapAtrakA samarthana bar3e jorase kiyA gayA, yahA~ taka ki nagna vicaraNa karanevAle mahAvIrake zarIrapara indradvArA devadRSya DalavAyA gayA / jaisA ki paM0 vecaradAsajIne bhI likhA hai___ "isa samAjake kula guruoMne apane pasanda par3e vastrapAtra vAdake samarthanake lie pUrvake mahApuruSoMko bhI cIvaradhArI banA diyA hai aura zrIvarddhamAna mahAzramaNakI nagnatA na dekha par3e isa prakArakA prayatna bhI kiyA hai / isa viSayake graMtha likhakara 'vastrapAtra' vAdako hI majabUta banAnekI ve Ajataka koziza kara rahe haiN| unake lie ApavAdika mAnA huA 'vastra-pAtra' vAdakA mArga autsargika mArgake samAna ho gayA hai| ve isa viSayameM yahA~taka daur3e haiM ki cAhe jaise agamya jaMgalameM, bhISaNa guphAmeM yA cAhe jaise parvatake durgama zikharapara bhAvanA bhAte hue kevalajJAna prApta hue puruSa vA strIko jainI dIkSAke lie zAsanadeva kapar3e pahanAtA hai aura vastrake binA kevalajJAnIko amahAnatI tathA acAritrI kahate taka bhI nahIM hickicaaye| koI munI vastrarahita rahe ye bAta unheM nahIM rucatI / inake matase vastra pAtrake binA kisIkI gati hI nahIM hotii|" dUsarI ora digambara sampradAyake AcArya kundakundane spaSTa ghoSaNA kara dI thI 'Na' vi sijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jai vi hoi titthyro| Naggo vimokkhamaggo sesA ummaggayA savve // 23 // arthAt-'jinazAsanameM tIrthaGkara hI kyoM na hoya yadi vaha vastradhArI hai to siddhiko prApta nahIM ho sktaa| nagnatA hI mokSa 1. isake lie pAThakoMko lekhakakA likhA huA 'bhagavAna mahAvIrakA acelaka dharma' nAmaka TraikTa dekhanA cAhie / 2. SaT prAbhR0 67 /

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sAmAjika rUpa 297 kA mArga hai, zeSa saba unmArga haiN|' sAtha hI sAtha unhoMne yaha bhI kahA 'naggo pAvai dukkhaM naggo saMsArasAyare bhamai / naggo na lahai bohiM jiNabhAvaNavajjio suiraM // 38 // arthAt-'jina bhAvanAse rahita nagna duHkha pAtA hai, saMsArarUpI sAgarameM bhaTakatA hai aura use jJAnalAbha nahIM hotaa|' isa taraha eka orake zithilAcAra ora dUsarI orakI dRr3hatAke kAraNa saMghabhedake bIjameM aMkura phUTate gaye aura dhIre-dhIre unhoMne vRkSa aura mahAvRkSakA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| prArambhameM zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratAkA yaha jhagar3A sirpha muniyoM taka hI thA, kyoMki unhIMkI nagnatA aura savastratAko lekara yaha utpanna huA thaa| kintu Age zrAvakoMkI bhI kriyApaddhatimeM use sammilita karake zrAvakoMmeM bhI jhagar3eke bIca bo diye gaye jo Aja tIrthakSetroMke rUpameM apane viSaphala de rahe haiN| isa bAtake pramANa milate haiM ki prAcIna kAlameM digambarI aura zvetAmbarI pratimAoMkA bheda nahIM thaa| donoM hI nagna pratimAoMko pUjate the| muni jina vijayajIne ( jaina hitaiSI bhAga 13, aMka 6 meM) likhA hai "mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlAmeM jo lagabhaga do hajAra varSakI prAcIna pratimAe~ milI haiM, ve nagna haiM aura unapara jo lekha hai ve zvetAmbara kalpasUtrakI sthavirAvaloke anusAra haiN|" - isake sivA 17 vIM zatAbIke zvetAmbara vidvAna paM0 dharmasAgara upAdhyAyane apane pravacanaparIkSA nAmaka granthameM likhA hai___ "giranAra aura zatrujayapara eka samaya donoM sampradAyoMmeM jhagar3A huA aura usameM zAsana devatAkI kRpAse digambaroMkI parAjaya huii| jaba ina donoM tIrthopara zvetAmbara sampradAyakA 1. SaT prAbhRtA0 pR0 211 /

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268 jainadharma adhikAra siddha ho gayA, taba Age kisI prakArakA jhagar3A na ho sake isake lie zvetAmvarasaMghane yaha nizcaya kiyA ki abase jo nayI pratimAe~ banavAyI jA~ya, unake pAdamUlameM vastrakA cihna banA diyA jAya / yaha sunakara digambariyoMko krodha A gayA aura unhoMne apanI pratimAoMko spaSTa nagna banAnA zurU kara diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki samprati rAjA AdikI vanavAyI huI pratimAoMpara vastralAMchana nahIM hai aura spaSTa nagnatva bhI nahIM hai|" isase yaha bAta acchI taraha siddha hotI hai ki pahale donoMkI pratimAoMmeM bheda nahIM thaa| parantu aba to donoMkI pratimAoMmeM itanA antara par3a gayA hai ki use dekhanese Azcarya hotA / paM0 becaradAsajIne likhA hai "yaha sampradAya (zve0 sampradAya ) kaTorA kaTisUtravAlI mUrtiko hI pasanda karatA hai use hI muktikA sAdhana samajhatA hai| vItarAga saMnyAsI-phakIrakI pratimAko jaise kisI bAlakako gahanoMse lAda diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra AbhUSaNoMse zRMgArita kara usakI zobhAmeM vRddhi kI samajhatA hai| aura paramayogI varddhamAna yA itara kisI vItarAgakI mUrtiko videzI pozAka jAkiTa, kAlara, ghar3I vagairahase susajjita kara usakA khilaune jitanA bhI saundarya naSTa karake apane mAnavajanmakI saphalatA samajhatA hai|" ___ isa taraha parasparakI khIMcAtAnI ke kAraNa jainasaMghameM jo bheda par3A vaha bheda uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA aura usIke kAraNa Age jAkara donoM sampradAyoMmeM bhI aneka avAntara pantha utpanna hote gye| 1. isa tarahake anya pramANoMke liye 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' pR0 241 se Age dekheN| 2. 'jaina sAhityameM vikAra'

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249 sAmAjika rUpa 299 3. sampradAya aura pantha digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoMke upalabdha sAhityake AdhArase yaha patA calatA hai ki vikramakI dUsarI zatAbdImeM vizAla janasaMgha spaSTarUpase do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA aura isa vibhAgakA mUla kAraNa sAdhuoMkA vastra paridhAna thA / jo pabha sAdhuoMkI nagnatAkA pakSapAtI thA aura use hI mahAvIrakA mUla AcAra mAnatA thA vaha digambara kahalAyA / imako mUlasaMgha nAmase bhI kahA hai / aura jo pakSa vastrapAtrakA samarthana karatA thA vaha zvetAmbara khlaayaa| digambara zabdakA artha hai-dizA hI jinakA vastra haiM, arthAt nagna / aura zvetAmbara zabdakA artha hai-sapheda vstrvaalaa| isa taraha prArambhameM yadyapi sAdhuoMke vastraparidhAnako laMkara hI saMghabheda huA kintu bAdako usameM bhedakI anya bhI mAmagrI juTatI gayI aura dhIre-dhIre donoM sampradAyoMmeM bhI aneka avAntara pantha paidA ho gye| kintu bhadake kAraNoMpara dRSTipAta karanese patA calatA hai ki jainadharmake vibhinna sampradAyAMmeM nAtvika dRSTise bheda nahIM hai, balki jo kucha bheda hai vaha adhikAMzameM vyAvahArika dRSTise hI hai| sabhI jaina mampradAya aura pantha ahiMsA aura anekAntavAdake anuyAyI haiM, AtmA, paramAtmA, mokSa, saMsAra Adike svarUpake vipaya meM unameM koI bheda nahIM hai| sAtoM tatvoMkA svarUpa sabhI ekamA mAnate haiM. kucha paribhASAoM vagairahako chor3akara karmasiddhAntameM bhI koI mArmika bheda nahIM hai| phira bhI jo bheda hai vaha emA hai jo miTAyA nahIM jA sktaa| kintu usa bhedake kAraNa jo diloMmeM bhaMdakI dIvAra khar3I ho cukI hai vaha avazya girAyI jA sakatI hai| antu, pratyeka sampradAya aura usake avAntara panthoMkA paricaya nimna prakAra hai 1. digambara sampradAya digambara sampradAyake sAdhu nagna rahate haiN| ve jIva jantu

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300 jainadharma ko dUra karane ke lie morapaMkhakI eka pIchI rakhate haiM aura malamUtra vagairaha kI bAdhAke liye eka kamaNDalu rakhate haiM, jisameM prAsuka jala rahatA hai| ve dina meM ekabAra khar3e hokara apane hAthameM hI bhojana kara lete haiM isalie unheM bhojanake liye pAtrakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| digambara sAdhukA yaha svarUpa prArambhase prAyaH aisA hI calA AtA hai, usameM kucha bhI antara nahIM par3A hai| kintu AcAragranthoMmeM jo kahA hai ki muniyoMko vastIse bAhara udyAnoM yA zUnya gRhoMmeM rahanA cahiye, isameM avazya zithilatA Ayo / muniyoMne vanoMko chor3akara dhIre-dhIre nagaroM meM rahanA prArambha kara diyaa| tabhI to IsAkI nauMvoM zatIke jainAcArya guNabhadrane muniyoMkI isa pravRttipara kheda prakaTa karate hue likhA hai ki 'jaise rAtrimeM idhara-udharase bhayabhIta mRga grAmake samIpa meM A basate haiM vaise hI isa kalikAlameM tapasvIjana bhI vanoMko chor3akara grAmoMmeM A basate haiM yaha bar3I duHkhada bAta haiN|' dhIre dhIre yaha zithilAcAra bar3hatA rahA aura paristhitiyoM tathA manuSyakI svabhAvika durbalatAoMse use barAbara protsAhana milA / tabhI to zivakoTi AcAryake nAmase prasiddha kI gayI ratnamAlAmeM kalikAlameM muniyoMko vanavAsa chor3akara jina mandiroMmeM rahanekA spaSTa vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ise hI caityavAsa kahate haiN| isIse zvetAmbaroMmeM caityavAsI sampradAyakI utpatti huI thii| kintu digambara sampradAyameM isa nAmake sampradAyakA to koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki digambara sampradAyameM bhI vaha thA aura usIkA vikasita 1. 'itastatazca trasyanto vibhAvaryAM yathA mRgAH / vanAdvizantyupagrAmaM kalo kaSTaM tapasvinaH // 297 // ' -AtmAnu0 / 2. 'kalo kAle vane vAso vaya'te munisattamaH / sthIyate ca jinAgAre prAmAdiSu vizeSataH // 21 //

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sAmAjika rUpa 301 ekarUpa bhaTTArakapada hai jisake virodhameM teraha panthakA udaya huaa| digambara sampradAyameM saMghabheda pichale sAhityameM digambara sampradAyake lie 'mUlasaMgha' zabdakA vyavahAra bahutAyatase pAyA jAtA hai| digambara sampradAya yA mUlasaMghameM Age calakara aneka bheda-prabheda ho gaye / AcArya indranandine apane zrutAvatArameM likhA hai ki puNDravardhanapurameM arhadbali nAmake AcArya ho gaye haiN| ve pA~ca varSake antameM sau yojanameM vasanevAle muniyoMko ekatra karake yugapratikramaNa kiyA karate the| eka bAra yugake antameM isI prakAra yugapratikramaNake lie Aye hue muniyoMse unhoMne pUchA ki kyA saba muni A gaye ? taba unhoMne uttara diyA-'hA~, bhagavan ! hama saba apane apane saMgasahita A gaye / ' yaha sunakara AcAryane vicAra kiyA ki aba yaha jainadharma gaNapakSapAtake sahAre Thahara sakegA, udAsIna bhAvase nahIM / taba unhoMne saMgha yA gaNa sthApita kiye| jo muni guhAoMse Aye the unameMse kuchako 'nandi' aura kuchako 'vIra' nAma diyA, jo azoka vATikAse Aye the unameMse kuchako 'aparAjita' aura kuchako 'deva' nAma diyA, jo muni paJcastUpya nivAsase Aye the unameMse kuchako 'sena' aura kuchako 'bhadra' nAma diyA, jo muni, zAlmali mahAvRkSake mUlase Aye the, unameMse kuchako 'guNadhara' aura kuchako 'gupta' nAma diyA, jo khaNDakesara vRkSoMke mUlase Aye the, unameMse kuchako 'siMha' aura kuchako 'candra' nAma diyaa| 1. AcArya indranandine ima viSayameM 'uktaM ca' karake eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai jo isa prakAra hai "AyAto nandivIro prakaTagiriguhAvAsato'zokavATAd devazcAnyo'parAjita iti yatipo senabhadrAhvayo ca /

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jainadharma ina nAmoMke viSaya meM kucha matabheda bhI hai, jisakA ullekha bhI AcArya indranandine kiyA hai / kuchake matase jo guhAoMse Aye the unheM 'nandri', jo azokavanase Aye the unheM 'deva', jo paJcastRpoMse Aye the unheM 'sena', jo zAlmali vRkSake mUlase Aye the unheM 'vIra', aura jo khaNDakaiMsara vRkSoMke mUlase Aye the unheM 'bhadra' nAma diyA gyaa| kuchake matase guhAvAsI 'nandi', azokavanase AnevAle 'deva', paJcastUpavAsI 'sena', zAlmali vRkSavAle 'vIra' aura khaNDakesaravAle 'bhadra' aura 'siMha' kahalAye / ina matabhedoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki AcArya indranandiko bhI isa saMghabhedakA spaSTa jJAna nahIM thA, isIlie isa bAtakA bhI patA nahIM calatA ki amukako amuka saMjJA hI kyoM dI gayI / ina saba saMjJAoM meM nandi sena, deva aura siMha nAma hI vizeSa paricita haiN| bhaTTAraka' indranandi Adine arhadubali AcAryake dvArA inhIM cAra saMghoMkI sthApanA kiye jAnekA ullekha kiyA hai / 302 ina cAra saMghoMke bhI Age aneka bheda-prabheda ho gaye / sAdhAraNataH saMghoMke bhedoMko gaNa aura prabhedoM yA upabhedoMko gaccha kahanekI paramparA milatI hai / kahIM-kahIM saMghoMko gaNa bhI kahA hai, jaise nandigaNa, senagaNa Adi / kahIM-kahIM saMghoMko 'anvaya' bhI kahA hai, jaise 'senAnvaya' / gaNoMmeM balAtkAragaNa, paJcastupyAtsaguptau guNadharavRSabhaH zalmalIvRkSamUlA niryAta sicandra prathitaguNagaNI kesarAtkhaNDapUrvAt // 96 // | " 1. 'tadaiva yatirAjo'pi sarvanaimittikAgraNo / arhadbaliguruzcakre saMghasaMghaTTanaM param ||6|| siMhasaMgho nandisaMgha : senasaMgho mahAprabhaH / devasaMgha iti spaSTaM sthAnasthitivizeSataH // 7 // gaNagacchAdayastebhyo jAtAH svaparasaukhyadAH / na tatra bhedaH ko'pyasti pravrajyAdiSu karmasu // 8 // " nItisAra /

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sAmAjika rUpa 303 dezIyagaNa aura kANUragaNa ina tIna gaNoMke aura gacchoMmeM pustakagaccha, sarasvatIgaccha, vakragaccha aura tagarilagacchake ullekha pAye jAte haiN| ina saMgha, gaNa aura gacchoMkI pratrayA Adi kriyAyoMmeM koI bheda nahIM hai| kintu darzanasArameM kucha aise bhI saMghoMkI utpattikA ullekha kiyA hai jinheM usameM jainAbhAsa batalAyA gayA hai| ve saMgha haiM-zvetAmbara, yApanIya, draviNa, mAthura aura kaasstthaa| inameMse pahale do saMghoMkA varNana Age kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki unase AcArake atirikta digambaroMkA siddhAntabheda bhI hai| zeSa tIna jainasaMgha digambara sampradAyake hI avAntara saMgha haiM tathA unake sAtha koI mahattvakA siddhAntabheda bhI nahIM hai| darzanasAra' ke anusAra vi0 saM0 526 meM dakSiNa mathurAmeM drAvir3a saMghakI utpatti huii| isakA saMsthApaka AcArya pUjyapAdakA ziSya vanandi thA / isakI mAnyatA hai ki bIjameM jIva nahIM rahatA, koI vastu prAsuka nahIM hai| isane ThaNDe pAnIse snAna karake aura khetI vANijyase jIvana nirvAha karake pracura pApakA saMcaya kiyaa| dravir3asaMghase sambandhita zilAlekha kogAlvavaMzI zAntaravaMzI tathA hoysalavaMzI rAjAoMke rAjyakAlake mile haiM jo prAyaH 10-11vIM zatAbdI yA usake bAdake haiN| jisase jJAta hotA hai ki una vaMzoMke narezoMkA saMrakSaNa isa saMghako prApta thaa| ina lekhoMse yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki isa saMghake AcAryoMne 1. "siripujjapAdasIso dAvir3asaMghasya kArago duTTho / NAmeNa vajjaNaMdI pAhuDavedI mahAsattho // 24 // vIesu Natthi jIvo unbhasaNaM Natthi phAsugaM Natthi / sAvajja Na hu maNNai Na gaNai gihakappiyaM aTuM // 26 // kacchaM khettaM vasahiM vANijja kAriUNa jiivNto| gahato sIyalaNAre pAvaM pauraM samajjedi // 27 //

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304 jainadharma padmAvatI devIkI pUjAke prasArameM bar3A yoga diyA thA / kaI lekhoM meM zAntara aura hoysalavaMzake rAjAoMke dvArA rAjya sattA pAne meM padmAvatIkI sahAyatA dikhAI gaI hai / lekhoMse yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki isa saMgha ke sAdhu vasadi yA jaina mandiroMmeM rahate the / unakA jIrNoddhAra aura RSiyoMke AhAradAna tathA bhUmi jAgIra AdikA prabandha karate the| zAyada inhIM kAraNoMse darzanasAra meM isa saMghako jainAbhAsa kahA hai / eka zilAlekha meM isa saMghako dravir3asaMgha koNDakundAnvaya tathA dUsare meM mUlasaMgha dravir3Anvaya likhA hai / parantu 11vIM zatAbdIke uttarArdhake lekhoMmeM isakA dravir3agaNake rUpameM nandisaMgha asaGgalAnvayake sAtha ullekha hai / isapara se aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prArambhameM draviDasaMghane apanA AdhAra mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvayako banAyA ho, pIche yApanIya sampradAya ke prabhAvazAlI nandisaMghake antargata ho gayA ho aura isIse darzanasAra meM use jainAbhAsa kahA ho / 11-12 vIM zatAbdI meM isa saMghake muniyoMkI gaddiyAM koGgAlva rAjyake mullUra tathA zAntara rAjAoMkI rAjadhAnI hummacameM thIM / hummacase prApta lekhoMmeM isa saMghake aneka AcAryoMkA paricaya milatA hai / mUlasaMghake gaNa, gaccha evaM anvaya mUlasaMgha 4-5 vIM zatAbdImeM dakSiNa bhAratameM vidyamAna thA / devagaNa, senagaNa, deziyagaNa, nandigaNa, sUrasthagaga, krANUragaNa, balAtkAragaNa, Adi usake antargata the / deziyagaNa kA prasiddha gaccha pustakagaccha thA, usIkA dUsarA nAma vakragaccha bhI thA / krANUragaNake do prasiddha gaccha the - meSapASANagaccha aura tintriNIka gaccha / 14 vIM zatAbdIke bAda krANUragaNakA prabhAva valAtkAragaNake prabhAvazAlI bhaTTArakoM ke Age kSINa ho gyaa| cU~ki - balAtkAragaNake AdinAyaka padmanandi AcAryane sarasvatIko

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sAmAjika rUpa 305 balAtkArase bulAyA thA isaliye balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatIgaccha nAma prasiddha huA / 14 vIM zatAbdIke lekhoMse isa gaNakA vizeSa prabhAva prakaTa hotA hai| eka lekhameM mRlasaMghake sAtha nandisaMgha, valAtkAragaNa aura sArasvata gacchakA ullekha hai| tathA isa gaNake Adi AcArya ke rUpameM padmanandikA nAma likhA hai aura unake kundakunda vakragrIva, elAcArya gRddhapiccha nAma diye haiN| kASThAsagha ___ kASThAsaMghakI utpattike mambandhameM matabheda hai| dasavIM zatAbdIke darzanasAra granthameM AcArya devasenane likhA hai ki dakSiNa prAntameM AcArya jinasenake matIya vinayasenake ziSya kumArasenane kASThAsaMghakI sthApanAkI thI isane mayara picchako chor3akara gAyake vAloMkI pIchI dhAraNa kI thI aura samasta bAgar3a dezameM unmArgakA prasAra kiyA thaa| vaha triyoMko jinadIkSA detA thA allakoMkI vIracaryAkA vidhAna karatA thA, aura eka chaThA guNatrata ( aNuvrata ) pAlatA thaa| isane purAne zAmroMko anyathA racakara mUr3ha lokoM meM mithyAtvakA pracAra kiyA thaa| isase use zramaNasaMghase nikAla diyA gayA thaa| taba usane kASThAsaMghakI sthApanA kI thii| tathA 17 vIM zatAbdIke eka grantha vacana kozameM likhA ki umAsvAmIke paTTadhara lohAcAryane uttara bhAratake agarohA nagarameM isa saMghakI sthApanA kI thii| mUnilaMkhoMmeM kASThAsaMghake sAtha lohAcAryAnvayakA ullekha milatA hai| isa saMghase sambandhita lekha bhI prAyaH uttara uzcima bhAratase prApta hue haiN| kASThAsaMghakI pramukha zAkhAya yA gaccha cAra the - nandinaTa, mAthura, vAgar3a aura lATa baagdd'| mAthura gaccha yA saMghakA saMbhavatayA itanA prabhAva thA ki devasenane apane darzanasArameM usakI pRthaka gaNanA kii| usameM likhA hai ki kASThAsaMghakI sthApanAke do sau varSa bAda mathurAmeM mAthura saMghakI sthApanA rAmasenane

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306 jainadharma kI thii| isa saMghake sAdhu pIchI nahIM rakhate the isalie yaha saMgha nippiccha kahalAtA thaa| kASThAsaMgha mAthurAnvayake prasiddha AcAryoMmeM subhASitaratnasandoha Adi aneka granthoMke racayitA AcArya amitagati the jo rAjA bhojake samakAlIna the| tathA lATa vAgar3asaMghameM pradyumnacaritra kAvyake kartA mahAsena the| yaha bhI rAjA muMja aura bhojake samakAlIna the| ___ yadyapi ina tInoM saMghoMko devasena AcAryane jainAbhAsa kahA hai kintu inakA bahuta-sA sAhitya upalabdha hai aura usakA paThana-pAThana bhI digambara sampradAyameM hotA hai / harivaMza purANake racayitAne AcArya devanandike pazcAt vajrasUrikA smaraNa kiyA hai aura unakI uktiyoMko dharmazAstrake pravaktA gaNadharadevakI taraha pramANa kahA hai| yaha vanasari vahIM jAna par3ate haiM jinheM drAvir3a saMghakA saMsthApaka kahA jAtA hai| aisI sthitimeM yaha prazna hotA hai ki darzanasArake racayitAne inheM jainAbhAsa kyoM kahA ? kyoMki darzanasArakI racanA harivaMzapurANake pazcAt vi0 saM0990 meM huI hai| isakA samAdhAna yaha ho sakatA hai ki devasena sUrine darzanasArameM jo gAthAe~ dI haiM, ve pUrvAcAryapraNIta haiN| pUrvAcAryoMkI dRSTi meM dravir3a Adi saMghoMke sAdhu jainAbhAsa hI rahe hoNge| isIlie darzanasArake racayitAne bhI unheM jainAbhAsa batalAyA hai, anyathA jisa zithilAcArake kAraNa unhoMne ukta saMghoMko jainAbhAsa kahA hai, vaha zithilAcAra mUlasaMghI muniyoMmeM bhI kisI na kisI rUpameM praviSTa ho gayA thA / ve bhI mandiroMkI marammata Adike liye gA~va jamIna AdikA dAna lene lage the / upalabdha zilAlekhoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki muniyoMke adhikArameM bhI gA~va bagIce rahate the| ve mandiroMkA jIrNoddhAra karate the, dAnazAlAe~ banavAte the / eka tarahase unakA rUpa maThAdhIzoMke jaisA ho calA thaa| kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki usa samayameM zuddhAcArI tapasvI digambara muniyoMkA sarvathA abhAva ho gayA thA, athavA saba unhoMke anuyAyI bana

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307 sAmAjika rUpa gaye the| zAstrokta zuddha mArgake pAlanevAle aura unako mAnanevAle bhI the, tathA usake viparIta AcaraNa karanevAle maThapatiyoMkI AlocanA karanevAle bhI the / paM0 AzAdharajIne apane anagAradharmAmRtake dUsare adhyAyameM ina maThapati sAdhuoMkI AlocanA karate hue likhA hai-'dravya jina liMgake dhArI maThapati mlecchoMke samAna loka aura zAstrase viruddha AcaraNa karate haiN| inake sAtha mana, vacana aura kAyase koI sambandha nahIM rakhanA caahiye|' ye maThAdhIza sAdhu bhI nagna hI rahate the, inakA bAhyarUpa digambara muniyoMke jaisA hI hotA thaa| inhIMkA vikasitarUpa bhaTTAraka pada hai| terahapantha aura bIsapantha bhaTTArakI yugake zithilAcArake viruddha digambara sampradAyameM eka panthakA udaya huA, jo terahapantha kahalAyA / kahA jAtA hai ki isa panthakA udaya vikramakI satrahavIM sadImeM paM0 banArasIdAsajIke dvArA AgaremeM huA thaa| jaba yaha pantha teraha panthake nAmase pracalita ho gayA to bhaTTArakoMkA purAnA pantha bIsa pantha kahalAne lgaa| kintu ye nAma kaise par3e yaha abhI taka bhI eka samasyA hI hai| isake sambandhameM aneka upapattiyA~ sunI jAtI haiM kintu unakA koI prAmANika AdhAra nahIM miltaa| zvetAmbarAcArya meghavijayane vi0 saM0 1757 ke lagabhaga AgaremeM yukti prabodha nAmakA eka prantha racA hai| yaha grantha paM0 banArasIdAsajIke matakA khaNDana karaneke liye racA gayA he / isameM vANArasI matakA svarUpa batalAte hue likhA hai "tamhA digaMbarANaM ee bhaTAragA vi No pujjaa| tilatusametto jesiM pariggaho va te guruNo // 16 // jiNapaDimANaM bhUsaNamallAruhaNAi aMgapariyaraNaM / vANArasio vArai digaMvarassAgamANAe // 20 // "

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jainadharma -- arthAt - 'digambaroMke bhaTTAraka bhI pUjya nahIM haiN| jinake tilatuSa mAtra bhI parigraha haiM ve guru nahIM haiM / vANArasI matavAle jina pratimAoMko bhUSaNamAlA pahanAnekA tathA aMga racanA karanekA bhI niSedha digambara AgamoMkI AjJAse karate haiN| 308 Ajakala jo teraha pantha pracalita hai vaha bhaTTArakoM yA parigrahadhArI muniyoMko apanA guru nahIM mAnatA aura pratimAoMko puSpamAlAe~ car3hAne aura kesara lagAnekA bhI niSedha karatA hai. tathA bhagavAnakI pUjana sAmagrImeM hare puSpa aura phala nahIM car3hAtA / uttara bhAratameM isa panthakA udaya huA aura dhIre-dhIre yaha samasta dezavyApI ho gayA / isake prabhAva se bhaTTArakI yugakA eka taraha se lopa ho ho gayA / kintu isa panthabhedase digambara sampradAya meM phUTa yA vaimanasyakA bIjAropaNa nahIM ho skaa| Aja bhI donoM panthoMke anuyAyI vartamAna haiM, kintu unameM paramparameM koI vaimanasya nahIM pAyA jAtA / cU~ki Aja donoM panthoMkA astitva kucha maMdiroM meM hI dekhane meM AtA hai, ataH jaba kabhI kinhIM durAgrahiyoM meM bhale hI khaTapaTa ho jAtI ho, kintu sAdhAraNataH donoM ho panthavAle apanI-apanI vidhise premapUrvaka pUjA karate hue pAye jAte haiM / eka do sthAnameM to 20 aura 13 ko milAkara usakA AdhA karake sAr3he solaha pantha bhI cala par3A hai / Ajakalake aneka niSpakSa samajhadAra vyakti pantha pUchA jAnepara anekako sAr3he solaha panthI kaha dete haiN| yaha saba donoMke aikya aura premakA hI sUcaka hai / tAraNapantha paravAra jAtike eka vyaktine jo bAdako tAraNataraNa svAmIke nAma se prasiddha hue, IsAkI pandrahavIM zatAbdIke antameM isa panthako janma diyA thA / san 1515 meM gvAliyara sTeTake malhAragar3ha nAmaka sthAnameM inakA svargavAsa huA / usa sthAnapara

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301 sAmAjika rUpa unakI samAdhi banI hai aura use naziyA~jI kahate haiN| yaha tAraNapaMthiyoMkA tIrthasthAna mAnA jAtA hai| yaha pantha mUrtipUjAkA virodhI hai| inake bhI caityAlaya hote haiM, kintu unameM zAstra virAjamAna rahate haiM aura unhoMkI pUjA kI jAtI hai kintu dravya nahIM car3hAyA jaataa| tAraNa svAmIne kucha pranya bhI banAye the / inake sivA digambara AcAryoMke banAye hue pranyoMko bhI tAraNapanthI mAnate haiN| isa panthameM acche dhanika aura pratiSThita vyakti maujUda haiM / isa panthake anuyAyiyoMkI saMkhyA dasa hajArake lagabhaga batalAI jAtI hai, aura ve madhyaprAntameM basate haiN| 2. zvetAmbara sampradAya yaha pahale likha Aye haiM ki sAdhuoMke vastra paridhAnako lekara hI digambara aura zvetAmbara bhedakI sRSTi huI thii| ataH Ajake zvetAmbara sAdhu zveta vastra dhAraNa karate haiN| unake pAsa caudaha upakaraNa hote haiM-1 pAtra, 2 pAtrabandha, 3 pAtra sthApana, 4 pAtra pramArjanikA, 5 paTala, 6 rajatrANa, 7 gucchaka, 8-9 do cAdareM, 10 UnI vastra (kambala ), 11 rajoharaNa, 12 mukhavastra, 13 mAtraka, 14 cola paTTaka / inake sivA ve apane hAthameM eka lambA daNDa bhI lie rahate haiN| pahale ve bhI nagna hI rahate the| bAdako vastra svIkAra kara lenepara bhI vikramakI sAtavIM AThavIM zatAbdItaka kAraNa par3anepara hI ve vastra dhAraNa karate the aura vaha bhI kevala kttivn| vikramakI AThavIM zatIke zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadrasUrine apane saMbodhaprakaraNameM apane samayake sAdhuoMkA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki ve vinA kAraNa bhI kaTivastra bA~dhate haiM aura unheM klIba-kAyara kahA hai| isa prakAra pahale ve kAraNa par3anepara la~goTI lagA lete the pIche sapheda vastra pahinane lge| phira jina mUrtiyoMmeM bhI la~goTekA cihna banAyA jAne lgaa| usake bAda unheM vastra-AbhUSaNoMse sajAnekI prathA

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310 janadharma calAI gaI / mahAvIrake nirvANase lagabhaga eka hajAra varSake pazcAt sAdhuoMkI smRtike AdhArapara gyAraha aMgoMkA saMkalana karake unheM suvyavasthita kiyA gayA aura phira unheM lipibaddha kiyA gayA / ina AgamoMko digambara sampradAya nahIM mAnatA / zvetAmbara sampradAya mAnatA hai ki strIko bhI mokSa ho sakatA hai tathA jIvanmukta kevalI bhojana grahaNa karate haiM / digambara sampradAya ina donoM siddhAntoMko bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA / digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyameM inhIM tInoM siddhAntoMko lekara mukhya bheda hai| saMkSepameM kucha ullekhanIya bheda nimna prakAra haiM 1. kevalIkA kavalAhAra / 2. kevalIkA nIhAra / 3. strI mukti / 4. zUdra mukti / 5. vastra sahita mukti / 6. gRhasthaveSa meM mukti / 7. alaMkAra aura kachoTevAlI pratimAkA pUjana / 8. muniyoMke 14 upakaraNa / 9. tIrthakara mallinAthakA strI honA / 10. gyAraha aMgoMkI maujUdagI / 11. bharata cakravartIko apane bhavanameM kevala jJAnakI prApti / 12. zUdrake ghara se muni AhAra le sake / 13. mahAvIrakA garbhaharaNa | 14. mahAvIra svAmIko tejolezyAse upasarga / 15. mahAvIra vivAha, kanyA janma ! 16. tIrtha karake kandhepara devadUSya vastra / 17. marudevIkA hAthIpara car3he hue muktigamana / 18. sAdhukA aneka gharoMse bhikSA grahaNa karanA /

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sAmAjika rUpa 311 ina bAtoMko zvetAmbara sampradAya mAnatA hai kintu digambara sampradAya nahIM maantaa| zvetAmbara caityavAsI ivetAmbara caityavAsI sampradAyakA itihAsa isa prakAra milatA hai saMghabheda hone ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 850 ke lagabhaga kucha zithilAcArI muniyoMne ugra vihAra chor3akara mandiroMmeM rahanA prArambha kara diyaa| dhIre-dhIre inakI saMkhyA bar3hatI gayI aura Age jAkara ve bahuta prabala ho gaye / inhoMne nigama nAmake zAstra race, jinameM yaha batalAyA gayA ki vartamAna kAlameM muniyoMko caityoMmeM rahanA ucita hai aura unheM pustakAdike liye Avazyaka dravya bhI saMgraha karake rakhanA cAhiye / ye vanavAsiyoMkI nindA bhI karate the| ina caityavAsiyoMke niyamoMkA digdarzana caityavAsake prabala virodhI zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadra sUrine apane saMbodha prakaraNa' ke gurvadhikArameM vistArase karAyA hai| ve likhate haiM___ "ye caitya aura maThoMmeM rahate haiM, pUjA aura AratI karate haiM; jinamandira aura zAlAe~ vanavAte haiM, devadravyakA upayoga apane liye karate haiM, zrAvakoMko zAstrakI sUkSma bAteM batAnekA niSedha karate haiM, muhUrta nikAlate haiM, nimitta batalAte haiM, raMgIle sugandhita aura dhUpase suvAsina vastra pahinate haiM, striyoMke Age gAte haiM, sAdhviyoMke dvArA lAye gaye padArthoMkA upayoga karate haiM, dhanakA saMcaya karate haiM, kezaloca nahIM karate, miSTa AhAra, pAna, ghI, dUdha aura phalaphUla Adi sacitta dravyoMkA upabhoga karate haiM / tela lagavAte haiM, apane mRta guruoMke dAha-saMskArake sthAnapara stUpa banAte haiM, jina pratimA becate haiM, aadi|" vi0 saM0 802 meM aNahilapura paTTaNake rAjA cAvar3Ase unake guru zIlaguNa sUrine, jo caityavAsI the, yaha AjJA jArI

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312 jainadharma karA dI ki isa nagarameM caityavAsI sAdhuoMko chor3akara dUsare vanavAsI sAdhu na A skeNge| isa AjJAko radda karAneke lie vi0 saM0 1070 ke lagabhaga jinezvara sUri aura buddhisAgara sUri nAmake do vidhimArgI AcAryoMne rAjA durlabhadevakI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoMke sAtha zAstrArtha karake unheM parAjita kiyA taba kahIM vidhimAgiyoMkA praveza ho skaa| rAjAne unheM 'kharatara' nAma diyA / isI parase kharatara gacchakI sthApanA huii| isake vAdase caityavAsiyoMkA jora kama hotA gyaa| __ zvetAmbaroMmeM Aja jo jatI yA zrIpUjya kahalAte haiM ve maThavAsI yA caityavAsI zAkhAke avazeSa haiM aura jo 'saMvegI' munI kahalAte haiM ve vanavAsI zAkhAke haiN| saMvegI apaneko suvihita mArga yA vidhimArgakA anuyAyo kahate haiN| zvetAmbaroM meM bahutase gaccha the| kahA jAtA hai ki unakI saMkhyA 84 thii| kintu Aja jo gaccha haiM unakI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hai / mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbaroMke gaccha isa prakAra haiM 1 upakezagaccha-isa gacchakI utpattikA sambandha bhagavAna pArzvanAthase batAyA jAtA hai| unhIMkA eka anuyAyI kezI isa gacchakA netA thA / Ajake osavAla isI gacchake zrAvaka kahe jAte haiN| ___ 2 kharataragaccha isa gacchakA prathama netA vardhamAna sUriko batalAyA jAtA hai| vardhamAna sUrike ziSya jinezvara sUrine gujarAtake aNahilapura paTTaNake rAjA durlabhadevakI sabhAmeM jaba caityavAsiyoMko parAsta kiyA aura rAjAne unheM 'kharatara' nAma diyA to unake nAmaparase yaha gaccha kharatara gaccha khlaayaa| isa gacchake anuyAyI adhikatara rAjapUtAne aura baMgAlameM pAye jAte haiM / muMbaI prAntameM isake anuyAyiyoMkI saMkhyA thor3I hai| 3 tapAgaccha-isa gacchake saMsthApaka zrIjagaccandra sUri the| saM0 1285 meM unhoMne ugra tapa kiyaa| isa parase mevAr3ake rAjAne unheM 'tapA' upanAma diyaa| tabase inakA bRhadgaccha

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sAmAjika rUpa 313. tapAgacchake nAmase prasiddha huA / zrIjagaccandra sUri aura unake ziSyoMkA dailavArAke prasiddha mandiroMkA nirmAtA vastupAla bar3A sanmAna karatA thA / isase gujarAtameM Ajataka bhI tapAgacchakA bar3A prabhAva calA AtA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM yaha gaccha sabase mahatvakA samajhA jAtA hai| isake anuyAyI bambaI paMjAba, rAjapUtAnA, madrAsa Adi prAntoM meM pAye jAte haiM / zrIjagancandra sUrike do ziSya the, devendrasUri aura vijayacandrasUri / ina donoM meM matabheda ho gayA / vijayacandra sUrine kaThora AcArake sthAna meM zithilAcArako sthAna diyA / unhoMne ghoSaNA kI ki gotArtha muni vastroMkI gaThar3iyA~ rakha sakate haiM, hamezA ghI dUdha khA sakate haiM, kapar3e dho sakate haiM, phala tathA zAka le sakate haiM, sAdhvI dvArA lAyA huA AhAra khA sakate haiM, aura aura zrAvakoMko prasanna karaneke lie unake sAtha baiThakara pratikramaNa bhI kara sakate haiM 1 4. pArzvacandra gaccha -- yaha tapAgacchakI zAkhA hai / tapAgacchake AcArya pArzvacandra vi0 saM0 1515 meM isa gacchase alaga ho gaye / kAraNa yaha thA ki inhoMne karmake viSaya meM nayA siddhAnta khar3A kiyA thA aura niryukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura cheda granthoMko pramANa nahIM mAnate the / isa gacchake anuyAyI ahamadAbAda jilemeM pAye jAte haiM / 5. sArdha paurNamIyaka gaccha-- paurNamIyaka gacchakI sthApanA candraprabhasUrine kI thI / kAraNa yaha thA ki pracalita kriyAkANDase unakA matabheda thA tathA ve mahAnizItha sUtrakI gaNanA zAstragranthoM meM nahIM karate the / AcArya hemacandrakI AjJAse rAjA kumArapAlane isa gacchake anuyAyiyoMko apane rAjyameMse nikalavA diyA thaa| ina donoMkI mRtyuke bAda eka sumatisiMha nAmake paurNamIyaka kumArapAlakI rAjadhAnI aNahilapura meM Aye aura inhoMne isa gacchako navajIvana diyaa| tabase yaha gaccha sArva

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jainadharma 314 paurNamIyaka kahalAyA / isa gacchake anuyAyI Aja nahIM pAye jAte / 6. aMcala gaccha -- isa gacchake saMsthApaka upAdhyAya vijayasiMha the| pIche ve AryarakSita sUrike nAmase vikhyAta hue / isa gaccha meM mukhapaTTI ke badale aMcalakA ( vastrake chorakA ) upayoga kiyA jAtA hai. isase isakA nAma aMcala gaccha par3A hai / 7. Agamika gaccha -- isa gacchake saMsthApaka zIlaguNa aura devabhadra the| pahale ye paurNamIyaka the pIchese AMcalika ho gaye the / ye kSetrapAlakI pUjA karaneke viruddha the / vikramakI 16 vIM zatI meM isa gacchakI eka zAkhA kaTuka nAmase paidA huI / isa zAkhA ke anuyAyI kevala zrAvaka hI the / 1 ina gacchoM meM se bhI Aja kharatara, tapA aura AMcalika gaccha hI vartamAna haiM / pratyeka gacchakI sAdhu-sAmAcArI judI - judI hai | zrAvakoMkI sAmAyika pratikramaNa Adi Avazyaka kriyAvidhi bhI judI - judI hai| phira bhI sabameM jo bheda hai vaha eka tarahase nirjIva-sA hai / koI kalyANaka dina chai mAnatA hai to koI pA~ca mAnatA hai / koI paryuSaNakA antima dina bhAdrapada zuklA cautha aura koI paMcamI mAnatA hai| isI taraha moTI bAtoMko lekara gaccha cala par3e haiM / sthAnakavAsI sirohI rAjya ke arahaTa vAr3A nAmaka gA~va meM, hemAbhAI nAmaka osavAla ke ghara meM, vikrama sambat 1472 meM loMkAzAhakA janma huA / 25 varSakI avasthAmeM loMkAzAha strI-putra ke sAtha ahamadAbAda cale aaye| usa samaya ahamadAbAdakI gaddIpara muhammadazAha baiThA thA / kucha javAharAta kharIdane ke prasaMgase lokAzAhakA paricaya muhammadazAha se hogayA aura muhammadazAhane lokAzAhakI cAturIse prasanna hokara unheM pATanakA tijorIdAra banA diyA /

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sAmAjika rUpa 315 viSadvArA muhammadazAhakI mRtyu honepara loMkAzAhako bahuta kheda huaa| unhoMne naukarI chor3a dI aura lekhana kArya meM laga gaye / unake sundara akSaroMse AkRSTa hokara jJAnazrI nAmaka munirAjane daza vaikAlika sUtrakI eka prati likhaneke liye dI / phira to munizrI ke pAsase anya zAstra bhI likhane ke liye Ane lage / aura ve unakI do pratiyA~ karake eka apane pAsa rakhane lge| isa taraha anya granthoMkA bhI saMgraha karake loMkAzAhane unakA abhyAsa kiyA / unheM lagA ki Aja mandiroMmeM jo mUrti pUjA pracalita hai vaha to ina granthoMmeM nahIM hai / isake sivA jo AcAra Aja jainadharma meM pAle jAte haiM unameMse aneka ina granthoMko dRSTi dharmasammata nahIM haiN| ataH unhoMne jainadharma meM sudhAra karanekA vIr3A uThAyA / ahamadAbAda gujarAtakI rAjadhAnI honeke sAtha vyApArakA bhI kendra thA / ataH vyaktiyoMkA AvAgamana lagA hI rahatA thA / jo vahA~ Ate the loMkAzAhakA upadeza sunakara prabhAvita hote the / jaba kucha logoMne unase dharma meM dIkSita karanekI prArthanA kI to lokAzAhane kahA maiM svayaM gRhastha hokara Apako apanA ziSya kaise banA sakatA hU~ / taba jJAnajI mahArAjane unheM dharmakI dIkSA dii| aura unhoMne loMkAzAha ke nAmapara apane gacchakA nAma loMkAgaccha rakhA | isa taraha lokAgacchakI utpatti huI / pIchese lokAmata meM bhI bheda-prabheda ho gye| sUratake eka jaina sAdhune lokAmata meM sudhAra kara eka naye sampradAyakI sthApanA kI jo ha~DhiyA sampradAyake nAmase prasiddha huA / pIchese loMkAke sabhI anuyAyI ha~DhiyA kahe jAne lge| inheM sthAnakavAsI bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki ye apanA saba dhArmika vyavahAra mandira meM na karake sthAnaka yAnI upAzrayameM karate haiM / isa sampradAyaka mAnanevAle gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, mAravAr3a, mAlavA, paMjAba tathA bhAratake anya bhAgoMmeM rahate haiN| inakI saMkhyA mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbaroMke jitanI hI hai| ataH isa sampradAyako jainadharmakA

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jainadharma tIsarA sampradAya kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu ye apaneko zvetAmbara hI mAnate haiM, kyoMki kucha matabhedoMko yadi chor3a diyA jAye to zvetAmbaroMse hI inakA mela adhika khAtA hai|| ___yaha sampradAya zvetAmbaroMke hI 45 AgamoMmeMse 33 AgamoMko mAnatA hai| loMkAne to 31 Agama hI mAne the-vyavahArasUtrako vaha pramANa nahIM mAnatA thaa| kintu pIcheke sthAnakavAsiyoMne use pramANa mAna liyaa| dharmAcaraNameM sthAnakavAsI zvetAmbaroMse bhinna par3ate haiN| ve mUrtipUjA nahIM mAnate, mandira nahIM rakhate aura na tIrthayAtrAmeM hI vizaMpa zraddhA rakhate haiN| isa sampradAyake sAdhu sapheda vastra dhAraNa karate haiM tathA mukhapara paTTI vA~dhate haiM / ina amUrtipUjaka zvetAmbara sAdhuAMse bheda dikhAneke lie satyavijaya paMnyAsane aThArahavIM sadI mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbara sAdhuoMko pIlA vastra dhAraNa karanekA rivAja cAlU kiyA, jo aba bhI dekhane meM AtA hai| isI sadIke antameM bhaTTArakoMko gaddiyA~ huI aura yati tathA yatiniyA~ huii| khUba virodha honepara bhI inake avazeSa Aja bhI maujUda haiN| mUrtipUjAvirodhI terApantha mUrtipUjA virodhI sampradAyameM bhI aneka pantha pracalita hue, jinameMse ullekhanIya eka terApantha hai| isa panthakI sthApanA mAravAr3a meM AcArya bhikSu (bhIkhama RSi ) ne kI thii| AcArya bhikSukA janma jodhapura rAjyake antargata kanTAliyA grAmameM saM0 1783 meM huA thaa| saM0 1808 meM inhoMne jainI dIkSA grahaNa kii| unheM lagA ki jisa ahiMsAkI sAdhanAke liye hama saba kucha tyAga kara nikale haiM, yathArtha meM usa ahiMsAke samIpa bhI nahIM pahuMce haiN| jIvana vyavahArameM ahiMsAke nAmapara hiMsAko prazraya dete haiM aura dharmake nAmapara adharmako / ataH unhoMne eka navIna sAdhu saMghakI sthApanA kI, jo 'terApantha' khlaayaa|

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sAmAjika rUpa 317 isa paMthameM sAdhusaMghake adhipati pUjyazrI mahArAja hote haiN| sAdhuoMko unakI AjJA mAnanI par3atI hai aura pratidina vidhipUrvaka unakA sanmAna karanA hotA hai| isa panthakA pracAra pazcima bhAratameM adhika hai, kalakattA jaise nagaroM meM bhI isa panthake zrAvaka rahate haiN| 3. yApanIya saMgha jainadharmake digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoMse to sAdhAraNataH sabhI paricita haiN| kintu isa bAtakA patA jainoMmeMse bhI kama hI ko hai ki ina doke atirikta eka tIsarA sampradAya bhI thA jise yApanIya yA gopyasaMgha kahate the| __yaha sampradAya bhI bahuta prAcIna hai| darzanamArake' kartA zrI devasenasUriphe kathanAnusAra vi0 saM 205 meM zrIkalaza nAmake zvetAmbara sAdhune isa sampradAyakI sthApanA kI thii| yaha samaya digambara-zvetAmbara bhedako utpattise lagabhaga 70 varSa bAda par3atA hai| kisI samaya yaha sampradAya karnATaka aura usake Asa pAsa bahuta prabhAvazAlI rahA hai| kadamba, rASTrakUTa aura dUsare vaMzAMke rAjAoMne ise aura isake AcAryoMko aneka dAna diye the| yApanIya saMghake muni nagna rahate the, morake paMkhoMkI picchI rakhate the aura hAthameM hI bhojana karate the| ye nagna mUrtiyoMko pUjate the aura vandanA karanevAle zrAvakoMko 'dharma-lAbha' dete the| ye saba bAteM to inameM digambaroM jaisI hI thIM, kintu sAtha hI sAtha ve mAnate the ki triyoMko usI bhavameM mobha ho sakatA hai aura kevalI bhojana karate haiN| vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana (pAlyakorti ) yApanIya the / inakAracI amoghavRttike kucha udAharaNoM 1 "kallANe varaNayare duNNisae paMca uttare jAde / jAvaNiyasaMghabhAvo mirikalamAdo hu sevaido // 29 // "

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318 jainadharma se mAlUma hotA hai ki yApanIya saMgha meM Avazyaka, chedasUtra, niyukti, aura dazavaikAlika Adi granthoMkA paThana-pAThana hotA thA, arthAt ina bAtoM meM ve zvetAmbaroMke samAna the / zvetAmbara - mAnya jo Agamagrantha haiM yApanIya saMgha saMbhavataH una sabhIko mAnatA thA, kintu unake AgamoMkI bAcanA zvetAmbara sampradAyameM mAnI jAnevAlI valabhI vAcanAse zAyada kucha bhinna thI / unapara usakI TIkAe~ bhI ho sakatI haiM jaisA ki aparAjita - sUrikI dazavaikAlika sUtrapara TIkA thI / yaha sampradAya bar3A hI rAjyamAna thA / zilAlekhoMse vidita hotA hai ki kadamba cAlukya gaMga rASTrakUTa aura raTThavaMzake rAjAoMne isa saMghako aura isake sAdhuoMko dAna diye the / aneka zilAlekhoMse isa saMghake gaNoM aura gacchoMkA bhI paricaya milatA hai| isa sampradAyameM nandisaMgha nandigaccha prAcIna tathA pramukha thA / isa saMgha ke AcAryoMke nAma vizeSataH kIrtyanta aura nandyanta hote the| nandisaMgha bhI kaI gaNoMmeM vibhakta thA / isake kaI prabhAvazAlI gaNa yathA punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa, balahArigaNa aura kaNDUragaNa mUlasaMghameM zAmila kara liye gaye aura nandisaMghako dravir3a saMgha aura pIche mUlasaMghane apanA liyA / zilAlekhoMse pramANita hotA hai ki yaha saMgha 4 thI se 10voM zatAbdI taka acchA saMgaThita thA / 15vIM zatAbdI taka isake jIvita rahane ke pramANa milate haiM; kyoMki kAgavAr3eke za0 saM0 1316 ( vi0 saM0 1451 ) ke zilAlekhameM yApanIyasaMghake dharmakIrti aura nAgacandrake samAdhi lekhoMkA ullekha hai / 4. kUrcaka saMgha karnATaka prAnta meM pA~cavI zatAbdIke lagabhaga jainoMkA eka sampradAya kUrcaka nAmase thA / kadambavaMzI rAjAoMke eka lekhameM yApanIya aura nirmantha sampradAyoMke sAtha isakA ullekha hai / yathA - yApanIya nirmantha kUrcakAnAma / sambhavatayA yaha digambara

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sAmAjika rUpa 316 sampradAyakA hI eka bheda thA / kadamba mRgeza varmAne anya do jaina sampradAyoMke sAtha ise bhI dAna diyA thaa| dUsare eka lekha - meM isa saMghake avAntara vAriSeNAcArya saMghakA ullekha hai / yaha vAriSeNAcArya saMgha kUrca koMkA hI eka bheda thA / 5. arddhasphAlaka sampradAya zrI ratnanandi AcArya ne apane bhadrabAhu caritrameM arddhasphAlaka sampradAyakA ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki yaha adbhuta arddhasphAlaka mata kalikAlakA bala pAkara jalameM telakI bU~dakI taraha saba logoM meM phaila gayA / unhoMne isa matako zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa ke antameM utpanna huA batalAyA hai aura antameM likhA hai ki ballabhIpura meM pUrI tarahase zvetavastra grahaNa karaneke kAraNa vikrama rAjAke mRtyukAlase 136 varSake bAda zvetAmbaramata prasiddha huA / zrIratnanandike matase kucha digambara muniyoMne jaba apanI nagnatAko chipAneke lie khaNDa vastra svIkAra kara liyA to unase arddhasphAlaka sampradAya utpanna huA | aura arddhasphAlaka sampradAyase hI zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti huI / mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlese prApta jaina purAtattva meM kucha aise AyAgapaTa prApta hue haiM, jinameM jaina sAdhu yadyapi nagna aMkita haiM parantu ve apanI nagnatAko eka vastrakhaNDase chipAye hue haiM pleTa naM0 22 meM kaNha zramaNakA citra aMkita haiM, unake bAyeM hAthakI kalAI para eka vatrakhaNDa laTaka rahA hai jise Age karake ve apanI nagnatAko chipAye hue haiM / yahI arddhasphAlaka sampradAyakA rUpa jAna par3atA hai / 1. "ato'rddhaphAlakaM loke vyAnase matamadbhutam / kalikAlabalaM prApya salile tailavinduvat ||304 ||"

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320 jainadharma udhara zvetAmbara' bhI kahate haiM ki chaThe sthavira bhadrabAhuke samayameM arddhasphAlaka sampradAyakI utpatti huI / inameMse I0saM080 meM digambaroMkA udbhava huA jo mUlasaMgha khlaayaa| __ isase bhI isa sampradAyakA astitva siddha hotA hai| aba raha jAtA hai yaha prazna ki arddhasphAlaka ivetAmbarAMke pUrvaja haiM yA digambaroMke ? isakA samAdhAna bhI mathurAse prApta purAtattvase hI ho jAtA hai| vahA~ke eka zilApaTTameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake garbhaparivartanakA dRzya aMkita hai aura usIke pAsa eka choTIsI mUrti aise digambara sAdhukI hai jisakI kalAIpara khaNDa vastra laTakatA hai| garbhApahAra zvetAmbara sampradAyakI mAnyatA hai ataH spaSTa hai ki usake pAsa aMkita sAdhukA rUpa bhI uso sampradAyamAnya hai| upasaMhAra sArAMza yaha hai ki mukhyarUpase jainadharma digambara aura zvetAmbara ina do zAkhAoMmeM vibhAjita huaa| pIchese pratyekameM aneka gaccha, upazAkhA aura upasampradAya Adi utpanna hue / phira bhI saba mahAvIra bhagavAnakI santAna haiM aura eka vItarAga devake hI mAnanevAle haiN| 1. jaina saMskRtikA prANasthala, "vizvavANI' sitambara 1942 /

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7. vividha 1. kucha jainavIra kucha logoMkI dhAraNA hai ki jaina ho jAnese manuSya rASTrake kAmakA nahIM rahatA, balki rASTrakA bhAra vana jAtA hai| kintu yaha dhAraNA ekadama galata hai| dezakI rakSAke lie eka saccA jaina saba kucha utsarga kara sakatA hai| prAcIna samayameM dezakI rakSAkA bhAra bhatriyoMpara thaa| ve prajAkI rakSAke lie yuddha karate the aura aparAdhiyoMko prANadaNDataka dete the| sabhI jaina tIrthaGkaroMne kSatriyakulameM janma liyA thA aura unameMse pA~ca tIthaGkaroMke sivAya, jo kumAra avasthAmeM hI pratrajita ho gaye the, zeSa sabhIne pratrajyA grahaNase pUrva apane paitRka rAjyakA saMcAlana aura saMvardhana kiyA thaa| unameMse tIna tIrthaGkaroMne to digavijaya karake cakravartI pada prApta kiyA thaa| bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara nemInAtha zrIkRSNake cacere bhAI the aura gRha parityAgase pUrva yuvAvasthAmeM ve mahAbhAratake yuddhameM pANDavoMkI orase lar3e bhI the| jaina purANa yuddhoMke varNanase bhare par3e haiN| prAcIna yugake vaizya bhI na kevala yuddhoMmeM bhAga lete the, kintu senAke nAyakataka banate the| zizunAga vaMzI rAjA zreNika (bimbasAra) ke nagaraseTha arhahAsake putra jambukumArake, jinhoMne yuvAvasthAmeM jinadIkSA dhAraNa kI aura antima kevalI hue, yuddha karaneke varNana jaina zAstroMmeM varNita haiN| ___ Aja yadyapi jainadharmake anuyAyI kevala vaizya dekhe jAte haiM kintu jina vaizya jAtiyoM meM jainadharma pAyA jAtA hai, unameMse aneka jAtiyA~ pahale kSatriya thIM, rAjyasattA calI jAne aura vyavasAyake badala jAnese ve aba vaizya jAtiyA~ bana gaI haiN|

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322 jainadharma ataH kSatriyoMkA dharma Aja baniyoMkA dharma bana gyaa| isa pustakake 'itihAsa' vibhAga meM jainadharmake anuyAyI rAjAoMkI carcA dhArmika dRSTise kI gaI hai| yahA~ una tathA kucha anya jaina vIroMkA varNana vIratAkI dRSTise kiyA jAtA hai| rAjA ceTaka bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thI / rAjA ceTaka apane zaurya ke lie prakhyAta thA / eka bAra ceTakake dauhitra magadhasamrAT kuNika ( ajAtazatru) ne ceTakakI vRddhAvasthAmeM ceTakake viruddha AkramaNa kara diyA thA / ceTakane ghamAsAna yuddha karake ajAtazatruke dA~ta khaTTe kara diye the / rAjA udayana sindhu-sauvIrakA rAjA udayana mahAvIra bhagavAnkA anuyAyI thA / yaha rAjA jaisA dharmAtmA thA vaisA hI vIra bhI thA / ekabAra ujjainIke rAjA caNDa pradyotane usapara AkramaNa kara diyA / ghamAsAna yuddha huA aura udayanane pradyotako pakar3akara apanA bandI banA liyA | maurya samrAT candragupta maurya samrAT candraguprakA nAma to bhAratIya itihAsameM svarNAkSaroM meM likhA huA hai| sikandarakI mRtyuke bAda isa vIrane bhAratavarSako yUnAniyoMkI dAsatAse mukta kiyA aura yuddhabhUmimeM yUnAnI senApati selyukasako parAjita karake hidUkuza pahAr3ataka apane sAmrAjyakA vistAra kiyA / kaliMga cakravartI khAravela rAjA khAravelake zilAlekhase mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravelane sAtakarNikI kucha bhI paravAha na karake pazcima kI ora apanI senA bhejii| phira mUrSikoMpara AkramaNa kiyA / sAtakarNi aura mUrSikoM, para vijaya prApta karake rASTrikoM aura bhojakoMse apane

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vividha 323 paira pujvaaye| phira magadhapara AkramaNa kiyA / dakSiNake pANDyarAjAne hAthI ghor3e maNi, mukta Adi bheTameM dekara khAravelakA Adhipatya svIkAra kiyaa| aisA prabala parAkramI jaina rAjA khAravelake pazcAt dUsarA nahIM huaa| mahArAja kumArapAla cittaur3ake kilese prApta zilAlekhameM likhA hai ki mahArAja kumArapAlane apane prabala parAkramase saba zatruoMko nirmada kara diyaa| unako AjJAko pRthvIke saba rAjAoMne mastaka para cddh'aayaa| usane zAkaMbharIke rAjAko apane caraNoMmeM nmaayaa| vaha svayaM ana lekara savAlakSa deza (mAravAr3a) paryanta car3hA aura saba gar3hapatiyoMko nmaayaa| sAlapurako bhI vazameM kiyaa| mahArAja kumArapAla gujarAtake rAjA the| gaganaraza mArAsaha gaMganareza mArasiMha bhI jaisA dharmAtmA thA vaisA hI zUra-vIra bhI thaa| isane kRSNarAja tRtIyake bhayAnaka zatru allAhakA mAna-mardana kiyA aura kRSNarAjakI senAkI rakSA kii| kirAtoMko bhagAyA / vajjAlako hraayaa| vanavAsIke adhikArIko pakar3akara usapara adhikAra kiyaa| mathurAke rAjAoMse vinaya prApta kii| naulamba rAjAoMko naSTa kiyaa| cAlukya rAjakumAra rAjAdityako hraayaa| tApI, mAnyakheDa, gonUra, vanavAsI AdikI lar3AiyoMko jiitaa| isakI gaMgacUr3AmaNi, nolambAMtaka, mANDalIka trinetra, gaMgavidyAdhara, gaMgavaNa Adi aneka upAdhiyA~ thiiN| samarakesarI cAmuNDarAya yaha rAjA rAcamallake senApati the| rAjA inakI vIratAse bar3A prasanna thaa| naba inhoMne vajjaladevako harAyA to samaradhurandharakI padavI paaii| nolamba yuddhameM saphala honepara vIramArtaNDa khlaaye| ucchaMgake kileko jIta lenepara raNarAya

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324 jainadharma siMha hue| vAgapurake kilemeM tribhuvanavIrako mAra DAlanepara bairI-kula-kAla- daNDakI upAdhi paaii| gaMgabhaTTako yuddha meM mAranepara samaraparazurAma hue| satyavAdI honese satya yudhiSThira kahe jAte the / senApati gaMgarAja hoysalavaMza kA pratApI nareza viSNuvarddhana thA / usakI aneka vijayoMkA zreya usake ATha jaina senApatiyoMko thA / ye senApati the- gaMgarAja, boppa, puNisa, baladevaNNa, mariyAne, bharata, aica aura viSNu / ina senApatiyoMke kAraNa hI hoysala rAjya dakSiNa bhArata kI pradhAna zaktiyoMmeM ginA gayA / gaMgarAja - ina senApatiyoMmeM pradhAna thA gaMgarAja | zravaNabelagolAke zilAlekhoMmeM gaMgarAjake pratApamaya tathA dhArmika kAryoMkA varNana milatA hai| samadhigatapazca mahAzabda, mahAsAmantAdhipati, mahApracaNDa daNDa nAyaka, vairibhayadAyaka zrIjainadharmAmRtAmbudhi pravarddhana sudhAkara, samyaktva ratnAkara, dharmahamryoddharaNamUla stambha, viSNuvarddhana bhUpAlahoysala mahArAjyAbhiSeka pUrNa kumbha Adi unakI upAdhiyA~ thiiN| inhoMne kannegAlameM cAlukyasenA ko parAjita kiyA thaa| jaba ve cAlukyoMko parAjita karake lauTe taba viSNuvarddhanane prasanna hokara unase varadAna mAMganeko khaa| unhoMne parama nAmaka grAma mAMgakara use apanI mAtA tathA bhAryA dvArA nirmANa karAye jina mandiroMke liye dAna kara diyA / isI prakAra govindavADI gA~va prApta karake gommaTezvarako arpaNa kara diyA / unhoMne talakADu, koMGga ceGgiri Adi ko svAdhIna kiyA, narasiMha ko yamaloka bhejA, adiyama, timila, dAmodarAdi zatruoMko parAjita kiyaa| isa taraha gaMgarAja jaise parAkramI the vaise hI dharmiSTha bhI the| unhoMne gommaTezvara kA parakoTA banavAyA, gaGgavADike samasta jinamandiroMkA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, tathA aneka sthAnoM para navIna jina mandiroMkA

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vividha 325 nirmANa karAyA thaa| unake matase 7 naraka ye the-mUTha bolanA, yuddha meM bhaya dikhAnA, parastrIrata rahanA, zaraNArthIko zaraNa na denA, adhInoMko asantuSTa rakhanA, svAmIse droha karanA aura jinheM pAsameM rakhanA cAhiye unheM chor3a denaa| boppa-gaMgarAja kA putra daNDeza boppadeva bhI bar3A zUravIra aura dharmiSTha thaa| usane aneka jinAlayoMkA nirmANa karAyA thA / san 1134 meM usane zatrupara AkramaNa kiyA aura usakI prabala senAko khader3akara koGgoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| puNisa-gaMgarAjake bahAdura sahayogiyoMmeM puNisa bhI thaa| vaha hoyasala nareza viSNuvarddhanakA sAndhivigrahika thaa| usane aneka deza jItakara viSNuvarddhanako diye / zUravIra honeke sAtha usakA hRdaya bhI vizAla thaa| yuddhake kAraNa jo vyApArI nirdhana hogaye the, kisAnoM ke pAsa boneko bIja nahIM thA, jo saradAra hArakara svAmIse sevaka bana gaye the, una sabako, jinakA jo kucha naSTa hogayA thA vaha saba puNisane diyaa| mariyAne aura bharata-hoysala viSNuvarddhanake senAnAyakoMmeM do bhAI daNDanAyaka mariyAne aura bharata bhI the| donoM bhAI bhI jaise zUravIra the vaisehI dharmAtmA bhI the| bharatane zravaNavelagolAmeM 80 naI basadiyAM banavAI thIM, aura gaMgavADikI 200 purAnI vasadiyoMkA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| hula-narasiMha hoysalakA dvitIya senApati hulla yA hullapa thaa| usa yugameM jainadharmake uddhArakoMmeM cAmuNDarAya aura gaMgarAjake bAda hullapakA hI nAma AtA hai| isa senApatine hoymala viSNuvardhana, narasiMha aura vallAladvitIyake rAjyameM hoysala vaMzakI sevA kI thii| eka bAra narasiMha nareza apanI digavijaya ke samaya velgolAmeM Aye, gommaTezvarakI bandanA kI aura hullake banavAye hue caturvizAMti jinAlayake darzanakara usakA nAma bhavyacUr3AmaNi rakhA, kyoMki hullakI upAdhi samyaktva cUDAmaNi thii|

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jainadharma 326 zAntiyaNNa-jaina senApati zAntiyaNNake pitAne yuddha meM zatruoMko parAsta karate hue apane prANa die the| isase narasiMhane usake putra zAntiyaNNako kasaguNDakA svAmI aura senAkA daNDanAyaka banAyA thaa| usake guru malliSeNa paNDita the| recarasa-zilAlekhameM likhA hai ki vallAladevakI ratnatraya aura dharmameM dRr3hatA sunakara kalacuri kulake sacivottama recarasane vallAladevake caraNoMmeM Azraya pAkara ArasIkeremeM sahasrakUTa caityAlayakI sthApanA kI aura mandirakI vyavasthAke liye rAjA vallAlase handarahAlu grAma prAptakara apane vaMzake guru sAgaranandi siddhAntadevako sauMpa diyaa| yaha recarasa pahale san 1982 meM kalacUri nareza bijjalakA daNDanAyaka thaa| use kalacuri narezoMse deza nile the| usane san 1200 ke lagabhaga zAntinAtha bhagavAna kI pratiSThA karAI thii| bUcirAja-yaha hoysala ballAla dvitIyakA senApatithA / eka lekhameM use mantrIzvara aura sAndhivigrahika kahA hai| usane san 1173 meM rAjAvallAla ke rAjyAbhiSekake samaya sIgenADake mArikali sthAnameM trikUTa jinAlaya banavAyA aura mandirakI pUjA, jIrNoddhAra Adike lie eka gA~va bheMTa kiyA thaa| irugappa-vijayanagara sAmrAjyako jina jaina maMtriyoM aura senApatiyoMne apanI sevAse upakRta kiyA thA unameM iru gappakA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / vaha mahAmaMtrI aura senApati donoM thaa| usake pitA caicaya rAjA hariharake kulakramAgata maMtrI aura daNDanAyaka the / irugappa ne vijayanagara meM eka mandira banavAyA thA aura usameM kunthunAtha jinakI sthApanA kI thii| ___ isa taraha dakSiNa bhAratake rAjavaMzomeM kitane hI jainadharmake bhakta vIra senApati aura maMtrI hue haiM, jinhoMne apane zAsanakAlameM zUravIratA aura dharmavIratAkA samAna paricaya diyA hai / __ kalacUri rAjA kalacUri vaMza prArambhameM jainadharmakA poSaka thaa| pA~cavIM

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vividha chaThIM zatAbdIke aneka zilAlekhoM meM likhA hai ki kalacUriyoMne dezapara car3hAI karake cola aura pAMDya rAjAoMko parAsta kiyA aura apanA rAjya jamAyA / rAjA amoghavarSa 327 yaha rAjA jainadharmakA kaTTara anuyAyI thA / isakI prazastiyoMmeM likhA hai ki aMga, baMga, magadha, mAlavA, citrakUTa aura veDiM ke rAjA amoghavarSakI sevAmeM rahate the / vaiGike pUrvI cAlukyoMse isakA barAbara yuddha hotA rahA / vacchAvata saradAra baccharAjake nAmase yaha vaMza vacchAvata kahalAyA / vaccharAja bar3A hI dharmAtmA thA / usane jainadharmakI prabhAvanAke lie bahuta kucha kiyA / isake vaMzameM bar3e-bar3e anubhavI aura zUra paidA hue jinhoMne apanI buddhi aura kArya kuzalatAse rAjyakAryoM aura sainika kAryoM meM pravINatA dikhlaaii| ye jisa prakAra kalamake dhanI the vaise hI talavAra ke bhI dhanI the / unameM varasiMha aura nAgarAja bar3e prasiddha vIra the| vIrasiMha to hAjI khA~ lodIke sAtha lar3AI meM mArA gayA kintu nAgarAjasiMhane lUnakhA~ke samayameM hue balavemeM bar3I vIratA dikhalAI / dhanarAja jaba 1787 I0 meM ajamera ke mahArAjA vijayasiMhane ajamerako marahaThoMse punaH jIta liyA to dhanarAja siMghIko, jo osavAla jaina the, ajamerakA gavarnara bnaayaa| cAra sAlake bAda marahaThoMne punaH mAravAr3apara AkramaNa kiyA / isI bIca marahaThA saradArane ajamerako bhI cAroM orase ghera liyA / dhanarAjane apanI choTI-sI senAse zatrukA sAmanA bar3I vIratAse kiyA kintu marahaThoMkI zakti dekhakara vijayasiMhane dhanarAja - ko AjJA dI ki ajamera marahaThoMko sauMpakara jodhapura cale Ao / dhanarAja na to apamAnita hokara zatruko deza sauMpanA

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328 jainadharma cAhatA thA aura na svAmIkI AjJAkA ullaMghana karanA cAhatA thaa| usane horekI kanI khAkara prANa tyAga diye aura marate samaya cillAyA-mahArAjase kaha denA maiMne unakI AjJAkA pAlana kiyaa| mere jItejI marahaThe ajamerameM praveza nahIM kara sakate the|' janarala indrarAja jaina osavAloMmeM indrarAja sabase bar3e janarala hue haiN| inhoMne bIkAnerake rAjAko harAyA aura jayapurake rAjAkA mAna bhaMga kiyA / sana 1815 meM inakA svargavAsa jodhapurameM huaa| vastupAla tejapAla jaina maMtriyoM aura senApaniyoM meM vastupAla tejapAlakA nAma ullekhanIya hai / ye donoM bhAI rAjanItika paNDita, talavArake dhanI, zilpakalAke premI aura jainadharmaka ananya bhakta the| ye poravAr3a jaina the aura gujarAtake baghelavaMzI rAjA vIradhavalake maMtrI the| devagirike yAdavavaMzI rAjA siMhanane jaba gujarAtapara AkramaNa kiyA to ina vIroMne usase yuddha karake vijaya prApta kii| isI prakAra saMgrAmasiMhane khambhAtapara hamalA kiyA to vastupAla vahA~kA gavarnara thaa| ghamAsAna yuddha huA aura saMgrAmasiMhako yuddha kSetrase bhAganA pdd'aa| senApati AbhU AbhU zrImAlI jaina rAjapUta thaa| vaha pakkA dharmAcaraNI thaa| gujarAtake antima solaMkI rAjA bhImadevakA senAdhyakSa thA / abhI vaha isa padapara nayA hI niyukta huA thA aura bhImadeva anupasthita the| aise samayameM musalamAnoMne rAjadhAnIpara AkramaNa kara diyaa| rAnIko ciMtA huI kintu AbhUke utsAhaprada vacanoMse vizvasta hokara rAnIne yuddhakI ghoSaNA kara dI aura yuddhakA bhAra AbhUko sauMpa diyaa|

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329 vividha AbhU apane dainika dharma-karmakA bar3A pakkA thaa| yuddhake maidAnameM sandhyA hote hI vaha talavAra myAnameM rakhakara hAthIke haudepara hI AtmadhyAnameM lIna ho gyaa| yaha dekhakara loga kahane lage ki yaha jainI kyA ldd'egaa| kintu nityakRtya karaneke bAda hI senApatikI talavAra camakane lagI aura musalamAnoMke senApatiko hathiyAra DAlakara sandhikI prArthanA karanI pdd'ii| jayapura ke jaina dIvAna jayapura rAjyake dIvAna padako bahuta varSoMtaka jainoMne suzo. bhita kiyA hai, aura rAjyako anuzAsita, sukhI tathA samRddha karanemeM stutya hAtha baTAyA hai tathA usakI rakSAke lie bahuta kucha kiyA hai| yahA~ eka do udAharaNa diye jAte haiN| jaba auraMgajebakA putra bahAdurazAha bhAratakA samrATa banA to usane Amerapara kabjA kara liyA aura savAI jayasiMhako rAjya chor3anA par3A, taba dIvAna rAmacandrane senA saMgaThita karake Amerapara car3hAI kara dI aura Amerapara punaH jayasiMhakA adhikAra ho gyaa| ____ isI taraha dIvAna rAyacandajI chAvar3A bhI jayapura narezake priya aura vizvAsapAtra the| saM0 1862 meM jaba jayapura aura jodhapurameM udayapurakI rAjakumArIko lekara jhagar3A huA taba jodhapurameM bakhzI siMghI indrarAja aura dIvAna rAyacandane milakara jhagar3ako khatma kiyaa| kintu bAdako lar3AIkI naubata A gaI aura dIvAna rAyacandane buddhi-kauzala aura zastra-kauzalase use nibttaayaa| ye dIvAna bar3e dharmAtmA the| inhone 1861 meM eka bahuta bar3I vimba pratiSThA karAI thii| ___isa taraha saMkSepameM kucha jainavIroMkI yaha kIni-gAthA hai, jo batalAtI hai ki jaina dharmAnuyAyI AvazyakatA par3anepara marane aura mAraneke liye bhI tatpara rahate haiN| kyoMki je kamme sUrA te dhamme sUrA' jo karmavIra hote haiM vahI dharmavIra hote haiN| aisA zAstra vAkya hai|

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330 jainadharma 2. jainaparva dazalakSaNa yA paryuSaNaparva jainoMkA sabase pavitra parva dazalakSaNa parva hai / digambara sampradAya meM yaha parva prativarSa bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI se caturdazI taka tathA zve0 meM bhAdrakR0 12 se bhAdrazu0 4 taka manAyA jAtA hai| ina dinoMmeM jaina mandiroMmeM khUba Ananda chAyA rahatA hai / pratidina prAtaH kAlase hI saba strI-puruSa snAna karake maMdiroMmeM pahu~ca jAte haiM aura bar3e Anandake sAtha bhagavAnkA pUjana karate haiN| pUjana samApta honepara pratidina zrI tattvArtha sUtrake dasa adhyAyoMmeMse eka eka adhyAyakA vyAkhyAna aura uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya ina dharmomeMse eka eka dharmakA vivecana hotA haiM / ina dasa dharmoke kAraNa isa parvako dazalakSaNaparva kahate haiM, kyoMki dharmake ukta dasa lakSaNoMkA isa parva meM khAsataura se ArAdhana kiyA jAtA hai / vyAkhyAnake liye bAharase bar3e bar3e vidvAn bulAye jAte haiM, aura prAyaH sabhI strI-puruSa unake upadeza se lAbha uThAte haiM / tyAga dharma ke dina paropakArI saMsthAoMko dAna diyA jAtA hai aura Azvina kRSNA pratipadAke dina parvakI samApti honepara saba puruSa ekatra hokara parasparameM gale milate haiM aura gatavarSakI apanI galatiyoMke lie parasparameM kSamAyAcanA karate haiN| jo loga dUra dezAntara meM basate haiM unheM patra likhakara kSamAyAcanA kI jAtI hai / ina dinoMmeM prAyaH sabhI strI-puruSa apanI apanI zaktike anusAra vrata upavAsa vagairaha karate haiM / koI koI dasoM dina upavAsa karate haiM, bahutase dasoM dina eka bAra bhojana karate haiN| inhIM dinoMmeM bhAdrapada zuklA dazamIko sugandhadazamI parva hotA hai, isa dina saba jaina strI-puruSa ekatra hokara mandiroMmeM dhUpa kheneke lie jAte haiM, indaura vagairaha meM yaha utsava darzanIya hotA hai /

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viviSa 331 bhAdrapada zuklA caturdazI ananta caturdazI kahalAtI hai| isakA jainoM meM bar3A mahattva hai / jainazAstroMke anusAra isa dina vrata karanese bar3A lAbha hotA hai| dUsare, yaha dazalakSaNa parvakA antima dina bhI hai, isaliye isa dina prAyaH sabhI jaina strIpuruSa vrata rakhate haiM aura tamAma dina mandirameM hI bitAte haiN| aneka sthAnoMpara isa dina jalUsa bhI nikalatA hai| kucha loga indra banakara jalUsake sAtha jala lAte haiM aura usa jalase bhagavAnkA abhiSeka karate haiN| phira pUjana hotA hai aura pUjanake bAda ananta caturdazIvratakathA hotI hai| jo vratI nirjala upavAsa nahIM karate ve kathA sunakara hI jala grahaNa karate haiN| ___ zvetAmbara sampradAyameM ise 'paryuSaNa' kahate haiN| sAdhuoMke liye dasa prakArakA kalpa yAnI AcAra kahA hai usameM eka 'paryuSaNA' hai| 'pari' arthAt pUrNa rUpase, upaNA arthAta vasanA / arthAt eka sthAna para sthira rUpase vAsa karaneko paryupaNA kahate haiN| usakA dinamAna tIna prakArakA hai| kamase kama 70 dina, adhikase adhika 6 mAsa aura madhyama 4 mAsa / kamase kama 70 dinake sthiravAsakA prArambha bhAdrapada sudI paJcamIse hotA hai / pahale yahI parasarA pracalita thI kintu kahA jAtA hai ki kAlikAcAryane cauthakI parasparA cAlU kii| usa dinako 'saMvacharI' yAnI sAMvatsarika parva kahate hai| sAMvatsarika parva arthAt tyAgI sAdhuoMke varSAvAsa nizcita karanekA dina / sAMvatsarika parvako kendra mAnakara usake sAtha usase pahaleke sAtadina milakara bhAdrapada kRSNa 12 se zuklA cauthataka ATha dina zvetAmbara sampradAyameM 'paryuSaNa' kahe jAte haiN| digambara sampradAyameM AThake badale dasa dina mAne jAte haiN| aura zvetAmbaroMke paryuSaNa pUrA honeke dUsare dinase digambaroMkA dazalAkSaNI parva prArambha hotA hai| sAMvatsarika parvameM gatavarSameM jo koI vaira virodha eka dUsareke prati ho gayA ho, usake liye 'micchAmi dukkaDaM' 'mere duSkRta mithyA ho' aisA kahakara kSamA

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332 jainadharma yAcanA kI jAtI hai| isa parvakA sanmAna mugala bAdazAha bhI karate the / samrAT akabarane jainAcArya hIravijaya sUrike upadezase prabhAvita hokara paryuSaNa parva meM hiMsA banda rakhanekA pharmAna apane sAmrAjya meM jArI kiyA thA / aTAnhikA parva digambara sampradAyakA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa parva aSTAhnikA parva hai / yaha parva kArtika, phAlguna aura AsAr3ha mAsa ke antake ATha dinoM meM manAyA jAtA hai| jaina mAnyatAke anusAra isa pRthvIpara AThavA~ nandIzvaradvIpa hai / usa dvIpameM 52 jinAlaya bane hue haiN| unakI pUjA karaneke liye svargase devagaNa ukta dinoM meM jAte haiM / cU~ki manuSya vahA~ taka jA nahIM sakate isaliye ve ukta dinoMmeM parva manAkara yahIM para pUjA kara lete haiM / inhIM dinoM meM siddhacakra pUjA vidhAnakA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai / yaha pUjA mahotsava darzanIya hotA hai / zvetAmbaroM meM bhI paryuSaNake bAda sabase mahattvakA jaina parva siddhacakra pUjA vidhAna hI hai| kintu unameM yaha pUjA varSa meM do bAra caitra aura AsaujameM hotI hai aura saptamIse pUnama taka 9 dina calatI hai / mahAvIra jayantI caitra zuklA trayodazI bhagavAn mahAvIrakI janmatithi hai / isa dina bhAratavarSake sabhI jaina apanA kArobAra banda rakhakara apane-apane sthAnoMpara bar3I dhUma-dhAmase mahAvIrakI jayantI manAte haiM / prAtaHkAla jalUsa nikAlate haiM aura rAtrimeM sArvajanika sabhAkA Ayojana hotA hai / bhArata bhara meM bahuta-sI prAntIya sarakAroMne apane prAntameM mahAvIra jayantIkI chuTTI ghoSita kara dI hai| kendrIya sarakArase bhI jainoMkI yahI mA~ga hai| vIrazAsana jayantI jainoMke antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIrako pUrNa jJAnakI prApti ho jAnepara unakI sabase pahalI dharmadezanA magadhakI rAja

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vividha 333 gRhI nagarIke vipulAcala parvatapara prAtaHkAla ke samaya huI thI / usIke upalakSa meM prativarSa zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadAko vIra zAsana jayantI manAI jAtI hai / gata vi0 saM0 2001 meM pahale rAjagRhameM aura bAdako kalakattA meM ar3hAI hajAravA~ vIra zAsana mahotsava bar3I dhUma-dhAma se manAyA gayA / zruta paJcamI digambara sampradAya meM dhIre-dhIre jaba aMga jJAna lupta ho gayA to aMgoM aura pUrvoke eka dezake jJAtA AcArya dharasena hue / ve soraTha dezake giranAra parvatakI candraguphA meM dhyAna karate the / unheM isa bAta kI cintA huI ki unake bAda zruta jJAnakA lopa ho jAyegA, ataH unhoMne mahimA nagarI meM honevAle muni sammelanako patra likhA, jisake phalasvarUpa vahA~se do muni unake pAsa pahu~ce / AcAryane unakI buddhikI parIkSA karake unheM siddhAnta par3hAyA aura bidA kara diyA / una donoM muniyoMkA nAma puSpadanta aura bhUtabali thA / unhoMne vahA~se Akara SaTkhaNDAgama nAmaka siddhAnta granthakI racanA kI / racanA ho jAnepara bhUtabali AcAryane use pustakArUr3ha karake jyeSTha zuklA paMcamIke dina caturvidha saMghake sAtha usakI pUjA kI, jisase zrutapaJcamI tithi di0 jainiyoMmeM prakhyAta ho gaI / usa tithiko ve zAstroMkI pUjA karate haiN| unakI dekha-bhAla karate haiM, dhUla tathA jIvajantuse unakI saphAI karate haiN| zvetAmbaroM meM kArtika sudI paMcamIko jJAnapaMcamI mAnA jAtA hai / usa dina ve dharmagranthoMkI pUjA tathA saphAI vagairaha karate haiM / 1. " jyeSThasitapakSapaJcamyAM cAturvaNyasaMghasamavetaH / tatpustakopakaraNairvyadhAt kriyApUrvakaM pUjAm // 143 // zrutapaJcamIti tena prakhyAti tithirayaM parAmApa / adyApi yena tasyAM zrutapUjAM kurvate jainAH || 144 // / " indranandi-zrutAvatAra /

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334 jainadharma ___ukta parvo ke sivA pratyeka tIrthakarake garbha, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANake dina kalyANa ka dina kahe jAte haiN| una dinoMmeM bhI jagaha jagaha utsava manAye jAte haiM / jaise aneka jagaha prathama tIrthakara RSabhadevakI jJAna jayantI yA nirvANatithi manAI jAtI hai| dIpAvalI Upara jo jaina parva batalAye gaye haiM ve aise haiM jinheM kevala jaina dharmAnuyAyI hI manAte haiN| inake sivA kucha parva aise bhI haiM jinheM jainoMke sivA hindU janatA bhI manAtI hai| aise parvomeM sabase adhika ullekhanIya dIpAvalI yA divAlIkA parva hai| yaha parva kArtika mAsakI amAvasyAko manAyA jAtA hai / sApha suthare makAna kArtikI amAvasyAkI sandhyAko dIpoMke prakAzase jagamagA uThate haiM / ghara-ghara lakSmIkA pUjana hotA hai| sadiyoMse yaha tyauhAra manAyA jAtA hai, kintu kisIko isakA patA nahIM hai ki yaha tyauhAra kaba calA, kyoM calA aura kisane calAyA ? koI isakA sambandha rAmacandrajIke ayodhyA lauTanese lagAte haiN| koI ise samrATa azokakI digvijayakA sUcaka batalAte haiN| kintu rAmAyaNameM isa tarahakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, itanA hI nahIM, kintu kisI hindU purANa vagairahameM bhI isa sambandhameM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| bauddhadharma meM to yaha tyohAra 1. zrI vAsudevazaraNa agravAlane hameM sujhAyA hai ki vAtsyAyana kAmasUtrameM dIpAvalIko yakSarAtri mahotsava kahA gayA hai| tathA bauddhoMke 'puppharatta' jAtakameM kArtikakI rAtriko hone vAle utsavakA varNana hai isI prakAra kArtikako paurNamAsIko hone vAle utsavakA varNana 'dhammapada aTThakathA' meM pAyA jAtA hai / ina ullekhoMse itanA hI patA calatA hai ki kArtikameM rAtrike samaya koI utsava manAyA jAtA rahA hai / kintu vaha kyoM manAyA jAtA hai tathA usakA rUpa kyA thA, isakA patA nahIM cltaa| le0 /

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vividha 335 manAyA ho nahIM jaataa| raha jAtA hai jaina sampradAya / isa sampradAya meM zaka saM0 705 ( vi0 saM0 840 ) kA racA huA harivaMza purANa hai / usameM bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANakA varNana karate hue likhA hai- "mahAvIra bhagavAn bhavyajIvoMko upadeza dete hue pAvAnagarI meM padhAre, aura vahA~ke eka manohara udyAnameM caturthakAlameM tIna varSa sAr3he ATha mAsa bAkI raha jAnepara kArtikI amAvasyA ke prabhAtakAlIna sandhyAke samaya, yogakA nirodha karake karmoMkA nAza karake muktiko prApta hue / cAroM prakArake devatAoMne Akara unakI pUjA kI aura dIpaka jalAye / usa samaya una dIpakoMke prakAzase pAvAnagarIkA AkAza pradIpita ho rahA thA / usI samayase bhakta loga jinezvarakI pUjA karaneke liye bhAratavarSa meM prati varSa unake nirvANa divasake upalakSameM dIpAvalI manAte haiM / " jainadharmakI AjakI sthitiko dekhate hue koI isa bAtapara vizvAsa nahIM kara sakatA ki mahAvIra nirvANake upalakSyameM dIpAvalI manAI jA sakatI hai / kintu usa samayake prasiddha prasiddha rAjagharAnoMke sAtha mahAvIrakA jo kulakramAgata sambandha thA tathA unapara jo prabhAva thA use dekhate hue aisA ho sakanA 1. "jinendravIro'pi vibodhya saMtataM samaMtato bhavyasamUhasaMtati / prapadya pAvAnagarIM garIyasIM manohodyAnavane tadIyake // 15 // caturthakAle 'rdha caturthamAsakai vihInatAvizvacaturabdazeSake / sakArtike svAtiSu kRSNabhUtasu prabhAtasandhyAsamaye svabhAvataH || 16 | aghAtikarmANi niruddhayogako vidhUya ghAtoM dhanabaddhabaMdhanaM / vibandhanasthAnamavApa zaMkaro nirantarAyorusukhAnubandham // 17 // jvalatpradIpAlikayA pravRddhayA surAsuraiH dIpitayA pradIptayA / tadA sma pAvAnagarI samaMtataH pradIpitAkAzatalA prakAzate // 19 // tatastu lokaH prativarSamAdarAt prasiddhadIpAlikayAtra bhArate / samudyataH pUjayituM jinezvaraM jinendranirvANa vibhUtibhaktibhAk // 20 //

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336 jainadharma asaMbhava to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| majhimanikAyake sAmagAmasuttake anusAra jaba cunda mahAtmA buddhake priya ziSya Ananda ko mahAvIrake maranekA samAcAra detA hai to AyuSyamAna Ananda kahate haiM-'Avusa cunda ! bhagavAna buddhake darzanake lie yaha bAta bheMTa svarUpa hai|' isa ghaTanAse hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki apane samayameM mahAvIra bhagavAnakA kitanA prabhAva thaa| isake sivA dIpAvalIke pUjanakI jo paddhati pracalita hai, usase bhI isa samasyApara prakAza par3atA hai| dIpAvalIke dina kyoM lakSmIpUjana hotA hai isakA santoSajanaka samAdhAna nahIM milatA / dUsarI ora, jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA usI samaya unake pradhAna ziSya gautama gaNadharako pUrNa jJAnakI prApti huii| yaha gautama brAhmaNa the| mukti aura jJAnako jainadharma meM sabase bar3I lakSmI mAnA hai aura prAyaH muktilakSmI aura jJAnalakSmIke nAmase hI zAkhoMmeM unakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ataH sambhava hai ki AdhyAtmika lakSmIke pUjanakI prathAne dhIre-dhIre janasamudAya meM bAhya lakSmIke pUjanakA rUpa le liyA ho| bAhyadRSTipradhAna manuSyasamAjameM aisA prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai| lakSmIpUjanake samaya miTTIkA gharauMdA aura khela khilaune bhI rakhe jAte haiN| hamAre bar3e kahA karate the ki yaha gharauMdA bhagavAna mahAvIra athavA unake ziSya gautama gaNadharakI upadeza sabhA (samavasaraNa ) kI yAdagArameM hai aura cUMki unakA upadeza sunaneke liye manuSya pazu sabhI jAte the ataH unakI yAdagArameM unakI mUrtiyA~ (khilaune) rakhe jAte haiM isa taraha dIpAvalIke prakAzameM hama prativarSa bhagavAnakI nirvANa lakSmIkA pUjana karate haiN| aura jisa rUpameM unakI upadeza sabhA lagatI thI usakA sAja sajAte haiN| dIpAvalIke prAtaHkAlameM sabhI jaina mandiroMmeM mahAvIra nivANakI smRti meM bar3A utsava manAyA jAtA hai aura naivedya (lADU) se bhagavAnakI pUjA kI jAtI hai / isa DhaMgakI pUjAkA

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22 vividha 337 Ayojana kevala isI dina hotA hai| isase ghara ghara meM usa dina jo miSTAnna banatA hai usakA uddezya bhI samajhameM A jAtA hai / salUno yA rakSAbandhana dUsarA ullekhanIya sArvajanika tyauhAra, jise jainI manAte haiM, salUno yA rakSAbandhana parva hai / sAdhAraNataH isa tyauhArake dina gharoM meM sImiyA~ banatI haiM aura brAhmaNa loga logoMke hAthoMmeM rAkhiyA~, jinheM rakSAbandhana kahate haiM, bA~dhakara dakSiNA lete haiM / rAkhI bA~dhate samaya ve eka zloka par3hate haiM jisakA bhAva yaha hai - 'jisa rAkhIse dAnavoMkA indra mahAbali balirAjA bA~dhA gayA usase maiM tumheM bhI bA~dhatA hU~ merI rakSA karo aura usase DiganA nahIM / ' 1 sAtha hI sAtha uttara bhAratameM eka prathA aura hai / usa dina hindU mAtrake dvArapara donoM ora manuSyake citra banAye jAte haiN| unheM 'sona' kahate haiN| pahale unheM jimAkara unake rAkhI bA~dhI jAtI hai taba gharake loga bhojana karate haiM / hamane anekoM vidvAnoM aura paurANikAMse isa tyauhArake bAremeM jAnanA cAhA ki yaha kaba kaise calA kintu kisIse bhI koI bAta jJAta nahIM ho sakI / bali rAjAkI kathA vAmanAvatAra ke silasile meM AtI hai, kintu, usase isa parva ke bAremeM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotA / jainapurANoM meM avazya eka kathA milatI haiM jo saMkSepameM isa prakAra hai kisI samaya ujjainI nagarI meM zrIdharma nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake cAra maMtrI the - bali, bRhaspati, namuci aura prahalAda | eka bAra jainamuni akampanAcArya sAta sau muniyoMke saMghake sAtha ujjainImeM pdhaare| maMtriyoMke manA karanepara bhI rAjA muniyoMke darzanake liye gyaa| usa samaya saba muni 1. 'yena baddho balI rAjA dAnavendro mahAbalI / tena tvAmapi badhnAmi rakSa mA cala mA cala // '

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338 jainadharma dhyAnastha the / lauTate hue mArgameM eka munise maMtriyoMkA zAstrArtha ho gyaa| maMtrI parAjita ho gye| kruddha maMtrI rAtrimeM talavAra lekara muniyoMko mAraneke liye nikle| mArgameM gurukI AjJAse usI zAstrArthake sthAnapara dhyAnameM magna apane pratidvandvI muniko dekhakara maMtriyoMne unapara vAra karaneke liye jaise hI talavAra Upara uThAI, unake hAtha jyoMke tyoM raha gye| dina nikalanepara rAjAne maMtriyoMko dezase nikAla diyaa| cAroM maMtrI apamAnita hokara hastinApurake rAjA padmakI zaraNameM aaye| vahA~ baline kauzalase padma rAjAke eka zatruko pakar3a kara usake supurda kara diyaa| padmane prasanna hokara mu~hamA~gA varadAna diyA / baline samayapara varadAna mA~ganeke liye kaha diyaa| kucha samaya bAda muni akampanAcAryakA saMgha vihAra karatA huA hastinApura AyA aura usane vahIM varSAvAsa karanA taya kiyA / jaba bali vagairahako isa bAtakA patA calA to ve vahuta ghabarAye, pIche unheM apane apamAnakA badalA cukAnekI yukti sUjha gii| unhoMne varadAnakA smaraNa dilAkara rAjA padmase sAta dinakA rAjya mA~ga liyA / rAjya pAkara valine munisaMghake cAroM ora eka bAr3A khar3A karA diyA aura usake andara puruSamedha yajJa karanekA prabandha kiyaa| ___ idhara muniyoMpara yaha upasarga prArambha huA udhara mithilA nagarImeM vartamAna eka nimittajJAnI muniko isa upasargakA patA laga gyaa| unake mu~ha se 'hA hA' niklaa| pAsameM vartamAna eka kSullakane isakA kAraNa pUchA to unhoMne saba hAla batalAyA aura kahA ki viSNukumAra muniko vikriyA Rddhi utpanna ho gaI hai ve isa saMkaTako dUra kara sakate haiM / kSullaka tatkAla muni viSNukumArake pAsa gaye aura unako saba samAcAra sunaayaa| viSNukumAra muni hastinApurake rAjA padmake bhAI the| ve turanta apane bhAI padmake pAsa pahuMce aura bole- padmarAja! tumane yaha kyA kara rakhA hai ? kuruvaMzameM aisA anartha kabhI nahIM huA / yadi

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vividha 336 rAjA hI tapasviyoMpara anartha karane lage to use kauna dUra kara sakegA ? yadi jala hI Agako bhar3akAne lage to phira use kauna bujhA sakegA / ' uttara meM padmane baliko rAjya de denekA saba samAcAra sunAyA aura kucha kara sakanemeM apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kii| taba viSNukumAra muni vAmanarUpa dhAraNa karake balike yajJameM pahu~ce aura balike prArthanA karanepara tIna paira dharatI usase mA~gI / jaba baline dAnakA saMkalpa kara diyA to viSNukumArane vikriyA Rddhike dvArA apane zarIrako bddh'aayaa| unhoMne apanA pahalA paira sumeru parvatapara rakhA, dUsarA paira mAnuSottara parvatapara rakhA, aura tIsarA paira sthAna na honese AkAzameM Dolane lagA / taba sarvatra hAhAkAra maca gayA, devatA daur3a par3e aura unhoMne viSNukumAra muni se prArthanA kI 'bhagavan! apanI isa vikriyAko sameTiye / Apake tapake prabhAvase tInoM loka caMcala ho uThe haiM / taba unhoMne apanI vikriyAko sameTA / muniyoMkA upasarga dUra huA aura baliko dezase nikAla diyA gayA / balike atyAcArase sarvatra hAhAkAra maca gayA thA aura logoMne yaha pratijJA kara lI thI ki jaba muniyoMkA saMkaTa dUra hogA to unheM AhAra karAkara hI bhojana grahaNa kareMge / saMkaTa dUra honepara saba logoMne dUdhakI sImiyoMkA halkA bhojana taiyAra kiyA; kyoMki muni kaI dinake upavAse the / muni kevala sAta sau the ataH ve kevala sAta sau gharoMpara hI pahu~ca sakate the / isalie zeSa gharoMmeM unakI pratikRti banAkara aura use AhAra dekara pratijJA pUrI kI gii| sabane parasparameM rakSA karanekA bandhana bA~dhA, jisakI smRti tyauhAra ke rUpameM abataka calI AtI hai| dIvAroMpara jo citra racanA kI jAtI hai use ''sauna' kahA jAtA hai, yaha 'sauna' zabda 1. zrI vAsudevazaraNa agravAlane hameM batAyA hai ki 'sona' zabda zakunikA apabhraMza hai jisakA artha hotA hai garur3a pakSI / zrAvaNa mAsameM nAga

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340 jainadharma 'zramaNa' zabdakA apabhraMza jAna par3atA hai / prAcInakAlameM jaina sAdhu zramaNa kahalAte the / isa prakArase salUno yA rakSAbandhanakA tyauhAra jaina tyauhArake rUpameM jainoMmeM Aja bhI manAyA jAtA hai / usa dina viSNukumAra aura sAta sau muniyoMkI pUjA kI jAtI haiN| usake bAda paraspara meM rAkhI bA~dhakara dIvAroMpara citrita 'saunoM' ko AhAra dAna diyA jAtA hai / taba saba bhojana karate haiM aura garIboM tathA brAhmaNoMko dAna bhI dete haiN| 3. tIrthakSetra sAdhAraNataH jisa sthAnakI yAtrA karaneke lie yAtrI jAte haiM use tIrtha kahate haiM / tIrtha zabdakA artha ghATa arthAt snAna karanekA sthAna bhI hotA hai kintu jainoMmeM koI snAnasthAna tIrtha nahIM hai| nadiyoMke jalameM pApanAzaka zakti hai yaha bAta hindU mAnate haiM kintu jaina nahIM maante| isI prakAra satI hone kI prathA hinduoMkI dRSTi se mAnya hai aura isalie ve satiyoMke sthAnoMko bhI tIrthako taraha pUjate haiM, kintu jaina unheM nahIM maante| jaina dRSTise to tIrthazabdakA eka hI artha liyA jAtA hai - 'bhavasAgara se pAra utaranekA mArga batalAnevAlA sthAna' / isalie jina sthAnoMpara tIrthaGkaroMne janma liyA ho, dIkSA dhAraNa kI ho, tapa kiyA ho, pUrNajJAna prApta kiyA ho, yA mokSa prApta kiyA ho, una sthAnoMko jainI tIrthasthAna mAnate haiM / athavA jahA~ koI pUjya vastu vartamAna ho, tIrthaGkaroMke sivA anya mahApuruSa jahA~ rahe hoM yA unhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyA ho, ve sthAna bhI tIrtha mAne jAte haiN| paMcamI ke dina jo citrakArI kI jAtI hai vaha nAgoMkI sUcaka hai aura rakSAbandhanake dina jo citrakArI kI jAtI hai vaha garur3akI sUcaka hai / nAgoM aura garur3oMke vaimanasyakA ullekha vaidika sAhityameM pAyA jAtA hai / tathA vaha prakAza aura andhakAra kIlar3AIkA bhI sUcaka hai / rakSAbandhanake dina garur3a yA prakAzakI vijaya nAgoM athavA andhakAra para huI thI /

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vividha 341 jainoMke tIrthokI saMkhyA bahuta hai / una sabako batalA sakanA zakya nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina dharmakI avanatike kAraNa aneka prAcIna tIrtha Aja vismRta ho cuke haiM, aneka sthAna dUsaroMke dvArA apanAye jA cuke haiN| kaI prasiddha sthAnoMpara jainamUrtiyA~ dUsare devatAoMke rUpameM pUjI jAtI haiN| udAharaNake liye prakhyAta badrInAtha tIrthake mandira meM bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI mUrti badrIvizAlake rUpameM tamAma hindU yAtriyoMke dvArA pUjI jAtI hai| usapara candanakA moTA lepa thopakara tathA hAtha vagairaha lagAkara usakA rUpa badala diyA jAtA hai, isI liye jaba prAtaH kAla zRGgAra kiyA jAtA hai, to kisIko dekhane nahIM diyA jaataa| kyA Azcarya haiM jo kabhI vaha jaina mandira rahA ho aura zaMkarAcAryake dvArA isa rUpameM kara diyA gayA ho, jaisA ki vahA~ ke purAne bUr3hoMke mu~ha se sunA jAtA hai / astu, jainadharmake digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoMke tIrthasthAna haiN| unameM bahutase aise haiM jinheM donoM hI mAnate pUjate haiM / aura bahutase aise haiM jinheM yA to digambara hI mAnate pUjate haiM yA kevala zvetAmbara; athavA eka sampradAya eka sthAnameM mAnatA hai to dUsarA dUsare sthAnameM / kailAza, campApura, pAvApura, giranAra, zatruJjaya aura sammeda zikhara Adi aise tIrtha haiM jinako donoM hI sampradAya mAnate haiN| gajapanthA, tuGgI, pAvAgiri, droNagiri, meDhagiri, kuMthugiri, siddhavarakUTa, bar3abAnI Adi tIrtha aise haiM, jinheM kevala digamvara sampradAya hI mAnatA hai| aura isI taraha AbUgiri, zaMkhezvara Adi kucha aise tIrtha haiM jinheM zvetAmbara sampradAya hI mAnatA hai| yahA~ prasiddha prasiddha tIrthakSetroMkA sAmAnya paricaya prAntavAra karAyA jAtA hai bihAra pradeza sammeda zikhara-hajArIbAga jilemeM jainoMkA yaha eka atiprasiddha aura atyanta pUjya siddhakSetra hai| ise digambara aura

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342 jainadharma zvetAmbara donoM hI samAnarUpase mAnate aura pUjate haiN| zrIRSabhadeva, vAsupUjya, neminAtha aura mahAvIrake sivA zeSa bIsa tIrthakaroMne isI parvatase nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| 23veM tIrthakara zrIpArzvanAthake nAmake Uparase Aja yaha parvata 'pArasanAtha hila' ke nAmase prasiddha hai| pUrvIya relavepara isake relave sTezanakA nAma bhI kucha varSoMse pArasanAtha ho gayA hai| isa parvatakI coTiyoMpara bane aneka mandiroMkA darzana karaneke liye prativarSa hajAroM digambara aura zvetAmbara strI puruSa Ate haiN| isakI yAtrAmeM 18 mIlakA cakkara par3atA hai aura 8 ghaMTe lagate haiN| kuluA pahAr3a-yaha pahAr3a jaMgalameM hai| gayAse jAyA jAtA hai| isakI car3hAI 2 mIla hai| isapara saikar3oM jaina pratimAe~ khaNDita par3I haiN| aneka jaina mandiroMke bhagnAvazeSa bhI par3e haiN| kucha jaina mandira aura pratimAe~ akhaNDita bhI haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki isa pahAr3apara 10veM tIrthaGkara zItalanAthane tapa karake kevalajJAna prApta kiyA thaa| iNDiyana enTIkverI (mArca 1901) meM eka aMgreja lekhakane isake sambandhameM likhA thA-'pUrvakAlameM yaha pahAr3a avazya jainiyoMkA eka prasiddha tIrtha rahA hogA; kyoMki sivAya durgAdevIkI navIna mUrtike aura bauddhamUrtike eka khaNDake anya saba cihna jo pahAr3apara haiM, ve saba jaina tIrthaGkaroMko hI prakaTa karate haiN|' guNAvA-yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrake prathama gaNadhara gautama svAmIkA nirvANakSetra hai / gayA-paTanA ( I0 Ara0) lAInameM sthita navAdA sTezanase Der3ha mIla hai| pAvApura-guNAvAse 13 molapara antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIrakA yaha nirvANakSetra hai| usake smArakasvarUpa tAlAbake madhyameM eka vizAla mandira hai, jisako jalamandira kahate haiM / jalamandirameM mahAvIra svAmI, gautama svAmI aura sudharmA svAmIke caraNa sthApita haiN| kArtika kRSNA amAvasyAko bhaga

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vividha 343 vAna mahAvIrake nirvANa divasake upalakSa meM yahA~ bahuta bar3A melA bharatA hai / rAjagRhI yA paMca pahAr3I - pAvApurIse 11 mola rAjagRhI hai / eka samaya yaha magadha dezakI rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ 20 veM tIrthaGkara munisuvratanAthakA janma huA thA / rAjagRhIke cAroM ora pA~ca parvata hai unake bIcameM rAjagRhI basI thii| isIse ise paMcapahAr3I bhI kahate haiN| mahAvIra bhagavAnakA prathama upadeza isI nagarIke vipulAcala parvatapara huA thA / pA~coM pahAr3oMke Upara jaina mandira bane haiN| ina sabhIkI bandanA karanemeM 15-16 mIlakA cakkara par3a jAtA hai / kuNDalapura - yaha rAjagRhIse 10 mIlapara hai / bhagavAna mahAvIrakA janma sthAna mAnakara pUjA jAtA hai / mandAragiri--bhAgalapurase 30 mIlapara yaha eka choTAsA pahAr3a hai / isIko bArahaveM tIrthaGkara zrIvAsupUjya svAmIkA mokSa sthAna mAnA jAtA hai / kintu vartamAnameM campApurako hI pA~coM kalyANakoMkA sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| bhAgalapura se 4 mIla nAtha nagara haiM aura vahA~se 2 mIlapara caMpApura hai / paTanA - yaha vihAra prAntakI rAjadhAnI hai| paTanA siTImeM gulajArabAga sTezanake pAsa meM hI eka choTI-sI TIkarIpara caraNapAdukAe~ sthApita haiM / yahA~se seTha sudarzanane muktilAbha kiyA thaa| inakI jIvana kathA atyanta rocaka aura zikSAprada hai / uttara pradeza banArasa - ina nagarake bhadainIghATa muhAlameM gaMgA ke kinArepara do vizAla di0 jaina mandira tathA eka zve0 mandira bane haiM jo sAtaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAna supArzvanAthake janma sthAna rUpase mAne jAte haiM / yahA~para jainoMkA atiprasiddha myAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya sthApita hai jisameM saMskRta aura jainadharmakI U~cIse U~cI zikSA dI jAtI hai / bhelupura muhallAmeM bhI donoM sampradAyoMke mandira

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344 jainadharma haiN| yaha sthAna teIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI janmabhUmi honese pUjanIya hai| isa prakAra banArasa do tIrthaGkaroMkA janma sthAna hai / zaharameM anya bhI kaI jaina mandira haiN| siMhapurI-banArasase 6 mIlakI dUrIpara sAranAtha nAmakA grAma hai jo bauddha purAtattvakI dRSTise atiprasiddha hai| yahIMpara kisI samaya siMhapurI nAmakI nagarI basI huI thI, jisameM 11veM tIrthaGkara zrIzreyAMsanAthane janma liyA thaa| yahA~para jaina mandira aura jainadharma zAlA hai| digambara jainoMkA mandira to bauddha mandirake hI pAsameM hai kintu zvetAmbara mandira kucha dUrIpara purAne relave sTezanake pAsa banA hai| ___candrapurI-sAranAtha se 9 mIlapara candravaTI nAmakA gA~va hai jo candrapurIkA bhagnAvazeSa kahA jA sakatA hai / yahA~para AThaveM tIrthakara candraprabhu bhagavAnane janma liyA thaa| yahA~ gaMgAke taTapara donoM sampradAyoMke mandira alaga-alaga bane hue haiN| . prayAga-yahA~ triveNI saMgamake pAsa hI eka purAnA kilA hai| kileke bhItara jamInake andara eka akSayavaTa (bar3akA per3a) hai| kahate haiM ki zrIRSabhadevane yahA~ tapa kiyA thaa| kilemeM prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| phaphausA-ilAhAbAda kAnapurake bIca meM uttarIya relavepara bharavAro nAmakA sTezana hai; vahA~se 20-25 mIlapara yaha eka choTAsA gA~va hai| usake pAsa meM hI prabhAsa nAmase eka pahAr3a hai| car3haneke liye 116 sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki isa pahAr3apara chaThe tIrthakakara padmapramu magavAnane tapa kiyA thA aura yahIMpara unheM kevala jJAnakI prApti huI thii| yahA~ eka mandira hai aura mandirake Age caTTAnameM ukerI huI pratimAe~ haiN| ___kauzAmbI-phaphausAse 4 mIlapara gar3havAya nAmakA gA~va hai| usake pAsa hI meM kuzaMbA nAmakA gA~va hai, jise prAcIna

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vividha 345 kauzAmbI nagarI mAnA jAtA hai / isa nagarImeM bhagavAna padmaprabhukA janma huA thaa| ayodhyA-jaina zAstroMke anusAra yaha prasiddha nagarI atiprAcInakAlase jainoMkA mukhya sthAna rahI hai| jainoMke 5 tIrthakaroMkA janma isI nagarImeM huA thaa| Aja yahA~ aneka jaina mandira aura dharmazAlAe~ vartamAna haiN| ___ khukhundU-gorakhapurase ena0 I0 relavekA nonakhAra sTezana 29 mola hai / vahA~se 3 mIla khukhundU gA~va hai / isakA prAcIna nAma kiSkindhA batalAyA jAtA hai| yaha zrIpuSpadanta tIrthaGkarakA janmasthAna hai| yahA~ke mandira meM zrI puSpadanta bhagavAnakI mUrti virAjamAna hai| - seTameMTa-phaijAbAdase goMDA roDapara 21 mIla balarAmapura hai| balarAmapurase 10 mIlapara seMTameMTa hai| isakA prAcIna nAma zrAvastI batalAyA jAtA hai jo ki tIsare tIrthaGkara saMbhavanAthakI janmabhUmi hai| ___ratnapurI-yaha sthAna phaijAbAda jilemeM sohAvala sTezanase zA mIla hai / yaha zrIdharmanAtha svAmIkI janmabhUmi hai| eka mandira zvetAmbaroMkA va do digambaroMke haiN| kampilA-yaha tIrthakSetra jilA pharakkhAbAdameM ena0 i0 relaveke kAyamagaMja sTezanase 8 mIla hai / yahA~ terahaveM tIrthaGkara zrIvimalanAthake 4 kalyANaka hue haiN| prativarSa caitra mAsameM yahA~ melA bhI bharatA hai aura rathotsava hotA hai| ____ ahikSetra-ena0 Ara0 kI barelI-alIgar3ha lAinapara A~valA sTezana hai / vahA~se 8 mIla rAmanagara gA~va hai usIse lagA huA yaha kSetra hai / isa kSetrapara tapasyA karate hue bhagavAna pArzvanAthake Upara kamaThake jIvane ghora upasarga kiyA thaa| aura unheM kevalajJAnako prApti huI thii| prativarSa caitra badI 8 se dvAdazI taka yahA~ melA hotA hai| hastinAgapura-yaha kSetra meraThase 12 mIla hai| yahA~ zrIzA

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346 jainadharma ntinAtha, kunthunAtha aura aranAtha torthaGkaroMke garbha, janma, tapa aura jJAna isa taraha cAra kalyANaka hue haiM / tathA 19 veM mallinAtha tIrthaGkarakA samavasaraNa bhI AyA thA / yahA~ para dillIke lAlA harasukhadAsajIkA banavAyA huA eka vizAla digambara jaina mandira aura dharmazAlA hai| pAsameM hI zvetAmbaroMkA bhI mandira hai / dharmazAlAse lagabhaga 2 - 3 mIlapara cAroM tIrthaGkaroM kI cAra di0 jaina naziyA~ banI huI haiM jo prAcIna haiN| prati varSa kArtika sudI 8 se pUrNamAsI taka digambara jainoMkA bahuta bar3A melA bharatA hai / caurAsI - mathurA zahara se karIba 1 || mIla para digambara jainoMkA yaha prasiddha siddha kSetra hai, paramparAke anusAra yaha antima kevalI zrIjambU svAmIkA mokSa sthAna mAnA jAtA hai / yahA~para eka vizAla jaina mandira hai jisameM unake caraNa cihna sthApita haiM / prativarSa kArtika kRSNa 2 se aSTamI taka rathotsava hotA hai / yahA~ se pAsameM hI prasiddha kaMkAlI TIlA hai jahA~se jaina purAtatvakI ati prAcIna sAmagrI prApta huI hai / yahA~ para hI bhA0 da0 jaina saMghakA saMghabhavana banA huA hai jisameM usakA pradhAna kAryAlaya tathA eka vizAla sarasvatI bhavana hai / pAsameM hI zrIRSabha brahmacaryAzrama sthApita hai / saurIpura ---mainapurI jileke zikohAbAda nAmaka sthAnase 13 mIlapara yamunA nadIke taTapara baTezvara nAmakA eka prAcIna gA~va hai| gA~va ke bIcameM vizAla jaina mandira hai| nIce dharmazAlA hai| yahA~se 1 mIla jaMgalameM kaI prAcIna mandira haiM aura eka chatarI hai jisameM zrIneminAthake caraNa cihna sthApita haiM / isa sthAnako zrIneminAthakA janma sthAna mAnA jAtA hai / bundelakhaNDa va madhyaprAnta gvAliyara - yaha koI tIrtha kSetra to nahIM hai kintu yahA~ke kileke Asa pAsa caTTAnoMmeM bahuta-sI digambara jaina mUrtiyA~ banI

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vividha 347 huI haiN| eka mUrti zrIneminAthajIkI 30 phuTa U~cI hai aura dUsarI AdinAthakI mUrti usase bhI vizAla hai / lazkara aura gvAliyara meM lagabhaga 25 digambara jaina mandira haiM jinameMse aneka mandira bahuta vizAla haiM / sonAgiri - gvAliyara - jhA~sI lAinapara sonAgira nAmakA sTezana hai, usase lagabhaga 2 mIla para yaha siddha kSetra hai / vahA~ eka choTI-sI pahAr3I hai| pahAr3a para 77 digambara jaina mandira haiM, jinakI vaMdanA || mIlakA cakkara par3atA hai / yahA~se bahutase muni mokSa gaye haiM! talahaTImeM cAra dharmazAlAe~ aura 17 mandira haiM / yahA~ eka vidyAlaya bhI sthApita hai / ajayagar3ha --yaha ajayagar3ha sTeTakI rAjadhAnI hai| isake pAsa hI eka pahAr3a hai, usapara eka kilA hai / usakI dIvAroMkI do zilAoM meM lagabhaga 20 digambara jaina mUrtiyA~ ukerI huI haiM / pAsa meM hI tAlAba haiN| usakI bhI dIvAra meM bahuta-sI prAcIna pratimAe~ haiM, jinameM se ekakI U~cAI 15 phuTa aura dUsarIkI 10 phuTa hai| eka mAnastambha bhI hai| usameM bhI aneka mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| khajarAhA-pannAse chatarapurako jAte hue 21veM mIlapara eka tirAhA par3atA hai, vahA~se khajarAhA 7 mIla hai / yaha choTA-sA gA~va hai / do dharmazAlAe~ haiM / yahA~ isa samaya 31 di0 jaina mandira haiM / yahA~ke mandiroMkI sthApatyakalA darzanIya hai / droNagiri - chatarapura se sAgara roDapara 40 mIla sAdanavA~ hai vahA~se dAhinI ora kaccI roDase 6 mIlapara saMdhapA nAmakA gA~va hai / gA~va ke pAsa hI eka parvata hai jise droNagiri kahate haiM / yahA~se gurudatta Adi muni mokSako gaye haiN| pahAr3apara 24 mandira haiM / prativarSa caita sudI 8 se 14 taka melA bharatA hai / nainAgiri - yaha kSetra senTrala relaveke sAgara sTezanase 30 mIla para hai / gA~va meM eka dharmazAlA aura 7 mandira haiM / dharmazAlA se 2 phalAMgapara resandI parvata hai, yahA~se zrIvaradatta Adi muni mokSa gaye haiN| parvatapara 25 mandira haiM / eka mandira

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348 jainadharma tAlAbake bIcameM hai / prativarSa kArtika sudI 8 se 15 taka melA bharatA hai / kuNDalapura - senTrala relavekI kaTanI-bInA lAInapara damoha sTezana hai | vahA~se lagabhaga 25 mIlapara yaha kSetra hai| isa kSetrapara kuNDalake AkArakA eka parvata hai isIse zAyada isakA nAma kuNDalapura par3A hai / parvata tathA usakI talahaTI meM saba milAkara 59 mandira haiM / parvatake mandiroMke bIca meM eka bar3A mandira hai, isameM eka jaina mUrti virAjamAna hai jo pahAr3ako kATakara banAI gaI jAna par3atI hai / yaha mUrti padmAsana hai phira bhI isakI U~cAI 9-10 phuTa se kama nahIM hai / yaha bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mUrti mAnI jAtI hai / isa prAntameM isa mUrtikI bar3I mAnyatA hai / dUra-dUrase loga isakI pUjA karaneke liye Ate haiN| isake mAhAtmyake sambandhameM aneka kiMvadantiyA~ pracalita haiM / mahArAjA chatrasAlake samaya meM unhIMkI preraNAse isakA jIrNoddhAra huA thA, jisakA zilAlekha aMkita hai / sAgarase 48 mIlapara vInAjI kSetra hai yahA~ tIna jaina mandira haiM jinameM eka pratimA zAntinAtha bhagavAnakI 14 phuTa U~cI tathA eka pratimA mahAvIra bhagavAnakI 12 phuTa U~cI virAjamAna hai / aura bhI aneka manohara mUrtiyA~ haiM / sAgarase 38 mIla mAlathauna gA~va hai| gA~vase 1 mIlapara eka jaina maMdira hai| isameM 10 gajase lekara 24 gajatakakI U~cI khar3e AsanakI aneka pratimAe~ haiM / lalitapurase 10 mIlapara sairona gA~va hai / vahA~se AdhA mIlapara 5-6 prAcIna jaina mandira haiM / cAroM ora koTa hai / yahA~ eka mUrti 20 gaja U~cI zAntinAtha bhagavAnakI hai, tathA cAra pA~ca phuTa U~cI saikar3oM khaNDita mUrtiyA~ haiN| devagar3ha - senTrala relveke lalitapura sTezanase 19 mIla eka pahAr3Ipara yaha kSetra sthita hai / yaha sacamuca devagar3ha hai / yahA~ aneka prAcIna jinAlaya haiM aura agaNita khaNDita mUrtiyA~ haiM / kalAkI dRSTise bhI yahA~kI mUrtiyA~ darzanIya haiN| kuzala kArIgaroM

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vividha 351 ne pattharako moma kara diyA hai| karIba 200 shil| guphAoMke utkIrNa haiM / 8 manohara mAnastaMbha haiM / prAkRtika saunsa prApta anupama hai / yahA~se 6 mIlapara cA~dapura sthAna hai / vahA~ bhI a.. jainamUrtiyA~ hai jinameM 14 gaja U~cI eka mUrti zAntinAtha tIrthaGkarakI hai / papaurA - viMdhyaprAntameM TIkagamar3hase kucha dUrIpara jaMgalameM yaha kSetra sthita hai / usake cAroM ora koTa banA hai| jisake andara lagabhaga 90 mandira haiM / eka vIra vidyAlaya bhI hai| kArtika sudI 14 ko prativarSa melA bharatA hai / ahAra - TIkamagar3hase 9 mIlapara ahAra gA~va hai| vahA~se karIba 6 mIlapara eka Ujar3a sthAnameM tIna digambara jaina mandira haiM / eka mandirameM 21 phuTakI U~cI zAntinAtha bhagavAnakI ati manojJamUrti virAjamAna hai jo khaNDita hai kintu bAda meM jor3akara ThIka kI gaI hai| yaha pratimA vi0 saM0 1237 meM pratiSThita kI gaI thI / ina mandiroMke sivA yahA~ anya bhI aneka mandira bane hue the, kintu bAdazAhI jamAne meM ve saba naSTa kara diye gaye aura aba agaNita khaNDita mUrtiyA~ vahA~ vartamAna haiN| kSetra kalApremiyoMke liye bhI darzanIya hai| aba yahA~ eka pAThazAlA bhI cAlU hai| canderI - yaha lalitapurase bIsa mIla hai / yahA~ eka jaina mandirameM caubIsa vediyA~ banI huI haiM aura unameM jisa tIrthaGkarake zarIrakA jaisA raMga thA usI raMgako caubIsoM tIrthaGkaroMkI caubIsa mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiN| aisI caubIsI anyatra kahIM bhI nahIM hai / yahA~se uttara meM 9 mIlapara bUr3hI canderI hai / yahA~para saikar3oM jaina mandira jIrNazIrNa dazAmeM haiM, jinameM bar3I hI saumya aura cittAkarSaka mUrtiyA~ haiM / pacarAI - canderIse 34 mIla khaniyAdhAnA sthAna hai aura vahA~se 8 mIlapara pacarAI gA~va hai / yahA~para 28 jinamandira haiM

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348 jainadharma tAlAbake para mUrtiyA~ haiM, inameM Adhake lagabhaga bharatA lekha yahA~ 8 mIla thUvanajI hai| yahA~ 25 mandira pattharoMmeM ukerI huI haiM, khar3e yoga haiM U~cI haiN| ' Avazyaka hai ki bundelakhaNDake ukta sabhA matra digambara jaina hI haiN| vahA~ zvetAmbaroMkA nivAsa na honese unakA eka bhI tIrthakSetra nahIM hai| ___antarikSa pAzrvanAtha-senTrala relaveke akolA (barAra) sTezanase lagabhaga 40 mIlapara zivapura nAmakA gA~va hai| gA~vake madhya dharmazAlAoMke bIca meM eka bahuta bar3A prAcIna vizAla dumajalA jaina mandira hai| nIcekI maMjilameM eka zyAmavarNa 2 // phuTa U~cI pArzvanAthajIkI prAcIna pratimA hai jo vedImeM adhara virAjamAna hai| sirpha dakSiNa ghuTanA jamInameM saTA huA hai| isIse yaha pratimA antarikSa pArzvanAthake nAmase prasiddha hai| yahA~ donoM sampradAyoMke liye pUjAkA samaya niyata hai| subaha 6 se 9 aura 12 se 3 taka zvetAmbara pUjana karate haiM aura 9 se 12 tathA 3 se 6 taka digambara loga pUjana karate haiN| ___kAraMjA-akolA jilemeM mUrtijApUra sTezanase yavatamAlako jAnevAlI relave lAInapara yaha eka kasabA hai| yahA~para tIna vizAla prAcIna jainamandira haiM / eka mandirameM cA~dI, sone, hore, mUMge aura pannekI pratimAe~ haiN| yahA~ do bhaTTArakoMkI gaddiyA~ haiM eka balAtkAragaNakI, dUsarI sengnnkii| senagaNake bhaTTArakake mandirameM saMskRta prAkRtake prAcIna jainagranthoMkA bahuta bar3A bhaMDAra hai| yahA~ mahAbIra brahmacaryAzrama nAmakI eka Adarza zikSA saMsthA bhI hai| muktAgiri-yaha siddhakSetra barAr3ake elacapurase 12 mIlapara pahAr3I jaMgalameM hai| nIce dharmazAlA hai| pAsameM hI eka choTI pahAr3I hai, jisapara car3hane ke liye sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| Upara

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vividha 351 kaI guphAe~ hai jinameM bahutasI prAcIna pratimAe~ haiN| guphAoMke AsapAsa 52 mandira haiN| yahA~se bahutase muniyoMne mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| bhAtakulI yaha atizaya kSetra amarAvatIse 10 mIlapara hai| yahA~ 3 di0 jainamandira haiM jinameMse ekameM zrIRSabhadeva svAmIkI padmAsanayukta tIna phuTa U~cI mUrti virAjamAna hai| isakI yahA~ bahuta mAnyatA hai| prati varSa kArtika badI paMcamIko melA bharatA hai| rAmaTeka-yaha sthAna nAgapurase 24 mIlapara hai| yahA~ di0 jainoMke ATha mandira haiM, jinameMse eka prAcIna mandirameM solahaveM tIrthakkara zrI zAntinAtha svAmIkI 15 phITa U~cI manojJa pratimA virAjamAna hai| rAjapUtAnA va mAlavA prAnta zrImahAvIrajI-pazcimI relavekI nAgadA-mathurA lAInapara 'zrImahAvIrajI' nAmakA sTezana hai| yahA~se 4 mIlapara yaha kSetra hai / yahA~ eka vizAla digambara jaina mandira hai, usameM mahAvIra svAmIkI eka ati manojJa pratimA virAjamAna hai| yaha pratimA pAsake hI eka TIleke andarase nikalI thii| ise jaina aura jainetara-khAsa karake jayapura riyAsatake mInA aura gUjara bar3I zraddhA aura bhaktise pUjate haiM / yAtriyoMkA sadA tAMtA lagA rahatA hai| prativarSa baisAkha badI ekamako mahAbora bhagavAnakI savArI riyAsatI lavAjameMke sAtha nikalatI hai / lAkhoM mInA ekatra hote haiM / ve hI savArIko nadI taka le jAte haiN| udhara gUjara taiyAra khar3e rahate haiM / mInA cale jAte haiM aura gUjara savArIko lauTAkara lAte haiM / phira gUjaroMkA melA bharatA hai| cA~da kher3I-koTA riyAsatameM khAnapura nAmakA eka prAcIna nagara hai| khAnapurase 2 phAgakI dUrI para cA~da kher3I nAmakI

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352 jainadharma purAnI bastI hai| yahA~ bhUgarbha meM eka ativizAla jaina mandira hai| isameM aneka vizAla jaina pratimAe~ haiN| saba pratimAe~ 577 haiN| dvArake uttara bhAgameM eka hI pASANakA 10 phuTa U~cA kIrtistambha hai, isameM cAroM ora digambara-pratimAe~ khudI huI haiM, tIna tarapha lekha bhI haiN| maksIpAzrvanAtha-gvAliyara riyAsatameM senTrala relavekI bhUpAla-ujjaina zAkhAmeM isa nAmakA sTezana hai| yahA~se eka mIlapara eka prAcIna jaina mandira hai| usameM zrIpArzvanAtha svAmIkI DhAI phuTa U~cI padmAsana mUrti virAjamAna hai jo bar3I hI manojJa hai| isako donoM sampradAyavAle pUjate haiN| parantu samaya niyata hai| subaha 6 se 8 taka digambara sampradAyavAle pUjate haiM phira zeSa samaya zvetAmbaroke liye niyata hai / vijauliyA pArzvanAtha-nImacase 68 mIlapara vijauliyA riyAsata hai| vijauliyA gA~vake samIpameM hI zrI pArzvanAtha svAmIkA atiprAcIna aura ramaNIya atizaya kSetra hai| eka mandirameM eka tAkake mahArAbake Upara 23 pratimAe~ khudI huI haiN| cAroM tarapha dovAroMpara bhI muniyoMkI bahuta sI mUrtiyA~ khudI huI haiN| eka vizAla sabhAmaNDapa, cAra gumaTiyA~ aura do mAnastambha bhI haiN| mAnastambhoMpara pratimAe~ aura zilAlekha haiN| zrIRSabhadeva (kezariyAjI)-udayapurase karIba 40 mIlapara yaha kSetra hai| yahA~ zrIRSabhadevajIkA eka bahuta vizAla mandira banA huA hai| usake cAroM ora koTa hai / bhItara madhyameM saMgamaramarakA eka bar3A mandira hai jisake 48 U~ce U~ce zikhara haiN| isake bhItara jAne se zrIRSabhadevajIkA bar3A mandira milatA hai, jisameM zrIRSabhadevakI 6-7 phuTa U~cI padmAsanayukta zyAmavarNakI digambara jainamUrti hai| yahA~ kezara car3hAnekA itanA rivAja hai ki sArI mUrti kezarase Dhaka jAtI hai / isIliye ise kezariyAjI bhI kahate haiN| zvetAmbaroMkI orase mUrtipara AMgI,

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23 vividha 353 mukuTa, aura siMdUra bhI car3hatA hai| isakI bar3I mAnyatA hai / donoM sampradAyavAle isakI pUjA karate haiN| AbU pahAr3a -- pazcimI relaveke AbU roDa sTezanase AbU pahAr3ake liye moTareM jAtI haiN| pahAr3apara sar3aka ke dAyIM ora eka digambara jaina mandira hai, tathA bAyIM ora dailavAr3Ake prasiddha zvetAmbara mandira bane hue haiM, jinameMse eka mandira vimalazAhane vi0 saM0 1088 meM 18 karor3a 53 lAkha rupaye kharca karake banavAyA thA / dUsarA mandira vastupAla tejapAlane bAraha karor3a 53 lAkha rupaye kharca karake banavAyA thA / saMgamaramarapara chInIke dvArA jo nakkAzI kI gaI hai vaha dekhane kI hI cIja hai / donoM vizAla mandiroMke bIca meM eka choTAsA di0 jaina mandira bhI hai| acalagar3ha - delavAr3Ase pA~ca mola acalagar3ha hai| yahA~ tIna zvetAmbara mandira haiM / unameMse eka mandirameM saptadhAtukI 14 pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiM / I siddhavarakUTa - indaurase khaNDavA lAIna para moraTakkA nAmakA sTezana hai / vahA~se oMkArajI jAte haiM jo narmadAke taTapara hai / yahA~se nAvameM savAra hokara siddhavarakUTako jAte haiM / yaha kSetra revAnadI ke taTapara hai / yahA~se do cakravartI va dasa kAmadeva tathA sAr3he tIna karor3a muni mukta hue haiN| Una - khaNDavAse Una moTarake dvArA jAyA jAtA hai / 3-4 ghaMTe kA rAstA hai / yahA~ eka prAcIna mandira hai jo saM0 1218 kA banA huA hai / do aura bhI prAcIna mandira haiM jo jIrNa ho gaye haiM / yaha kSetra kucha hI varSa pahale prakAzameM AyA hai / ise pAvAgiri siddhakSetra kahA jAtA hai / bar3avAnI - bar3avAnIse 5 mIla pahAr3apara jAnese bar3avAnI kSetra milatA hai| bar3avAnIse nikaTa honeke kAraNa isa kSetrako bar3havAnI kahate haiM vaise isakA nAma cUlagiri hai / isa cUlagiri - se indrajIta aura kumbhakarNane mukti prApta kI thI / kSetrakI

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354 jainadharma vandanAko jAte hue sabase pahale eka vizAlakAya mUrtike darzana hote haiN| yaha khar3I huI mUrti bhagavAna RSabhadevakI hai, isakI U~cAI 84 phITa hai| isa bAvana gajAjI bhI kahate haiN| saM0 5223 meM isake jIrNoddhAra honekA ullekha milatA hai / pahAr3apara 22 mandira haiM / prativarSa pauSa sudI 8 se 15 taka melA hotA hai| gujarAta tathA mahArASTra prAnta tAraMgA-yaha prAcIna siddha kSetra gujarAta prAntake mahIkA~TA jilemeM pazcimIya relaveke tAraMgA hila nAmake sTezanase tIna mIla pahAr3ake Upara hai| yahA~se varadatta Adi sAr3he tIna karor3a muni mukta hue haiN| yahA~para donoM sampradAyoMke aneka mandira aura gumaTiyA~ haiN| giranAra-saurASTra prAntameM jUnAgar3hake nikaTa yaha siddhakSetra vartamAna hai / jUnAgar3ha sTezanase 4-5 mIlakI dUrIpara girinAra parvatakI talahaTI hai, vahA~ donoM sampradAyoMkI dharmazAlAe~ haiM pahAr3apara car3hane ke liye dharmazAlAke pAsase hI pakkI sIr3iyA~ prArambha ho jAtI haiM aura antataka calI jAtI haiM / 22 veM tIrthakara zrIneminAthane isI pahAr3ake sahasrAmra vanameM dIkSA dhAraNa karake tapa kiyA thaa| yahIM unheM kevalajJAna huA thA aura yahIMse unhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| unakI vAgdattA patnI rAjulane bhI yahIM dIkSA lI thii| pahale pahAr3apara pahu~canepara eka guphAmeM rAjulako mUrti banI huI hai| tathA digambara aura zvetAmbaroMke aneka mandira bane hue haiN| dUsare pahAr3apara caraNa ciha haiM yahA~se aniruddha kumArane nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| tIsarese zambhu kumArane nirvANa lAbha kiyA thaa| cauthe pahAr3apara car3haneke liye sIr3iyA~ nahIM haiM isaliye usapara car3hanA bahuta kaThina hai| yahA~se zrI kRSNajIke putra pradmamna kumArane mokSa prApta kiyA hai aura pA~caveM pahAr3ase bhagavAn neminAtha mukta hue haiN| saba jagaha caraNa cihna haiM tathA kahIM-kahIM pahAr3a meM ukerI huI jina

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355 vividha mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM / jaina sampradAyameM zikharajIkI taraha isa kSetrakI bhI bar3I pratiSThA hai| zatruJjaya-pazcimIya relaveke pAlotAnA sTezanase 1-2 mola talahaTI hai / vahA~se pahAr3akI car3hAI Arambha ho jAtI hai / rAstA sApha hai / pahAr3ake Upara zvetAmbaroMke karIba sAr3he tIna hajAra mandira haiM jinakI lAgata karor3oM rupayA hai / zvetAmbara bhAI saba tIrthoMse isa tIrthako bar3A mAnate haiN| digambaroMkA to kevala eka mandira hai / pAlItAnA zahara meM bhI zvetAmbaroMkI 2025 dharmazAlAe~ aura aneka mandira haiN| yahA~ eka Agamamandira abhI hI banakara taiyAra huA hai usameM pattharoMpara zvetAmvaroMke saba Agama khode gaye haiN| yahA~se tIna pANDuputroM aura bahutase muniyoMne mokSa lAma kiyA thaa| pAvAgar3ha-bar3audAse 28 mIlakI dUrIpara cAMpAnerake pAsa pAvAgar3ha siddha kSetra hai / yaha pAvAgar3ha eka bahuta vizAla pahAr3I kilA hai / pahAr3apara car3hanekA mAge ekadama kaMkarIlA hai / pahAr3ake Upara ATha-dasa mandiroMke khaNDahara haiM, jinakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA gayA hai| yahA~se zrIrAmacandrake putra lava aura kuzako tathA anya bahutase muniyoMko nirvANa lAbha huA thaa| mA~gItuMgI-yaha kSetra gajapanthA (nAsika) se lagabhaga assI mIlapara hai / vahA~ pAsa hI pAsa do parvatazikhara haiM jinameMse ekakA nAma mA~gI aura dUsarekA nAma tuMgI hai| mA~gI zikharakI guphAoMmeM lagabhaga sAr3he tIna sau pratimAe~ aura caraNa haiM aura tuMgImeM lagabhaga tIsa / yahA~ aneka pratimAe~ sAdhuoMkI haiM jinake sAtha pIchI aura kamaMDalu bhI haiM aura pAsameM hI una sAdhuoMke nAma bhI likhe haiN| donoM parvatoMke bIcameM eka sthAna hai jahA~ balabhadrane zrIkRSNakA dAha saMskAra kiyA thaa| yahA~se zrIrAmacandra, hanumAna, suprIva vagairahane nirvANa lAbha kiyA thaa| gajapanthA-nAsikake nikaTa masarUla gA~vakI eka choTI-sI

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356 jainadharma pahAr3Ipara yaha siddhakSetra hai| yahA~se balabhadra aura yaduvaMzI rAjAoMne mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| elaurA-manamAr3a jaMkazanase 60 mIla elaurA grAma hai / yaha grAma guphA mandiroMke liye sarvatra prasiddha hai / isase saTA huA eka pahAr3a hai / Upara do guphAe~ haiM, nIce utaranepara sAta guphAe~ aura haiM jinameM hajAroM jaina pratimAe~ haiN| kuMthalagiri-yaha kSetra dakSiNa haidarAbAda prAntameM hai aura vArsI TAUna relave sTezanase lagabhaga 21 mIla dUra eka choTI-sI pahADIpara sthita hai| yahA~se zrIdezabhUSaNa kulabhUSaNa muni mukta hue haiN| parvatapara muniyoMke caraNamandira sahita 10 mandira haiN| mAghamAsameM pUrNimAko prativarSa meMlA bharatA hai / yahA~ gurukula bhI hai| ___ karakaNDukI guphAe~-zolApUrase moTarake dvArA kunthalagiri jAte hue mAgameM usmAnAbAda nAmakA nagara AtA hai, jisakA purAnA nAma dhArAziva hai| dhArAzivase kucha mIlakI dUrIpara 'tera' nAmakA sthAna hai| terake pAsa pahAr3I hai| usakI bAjUmeM guphAe~ haiN| pradhAna guphA bar3I vizAla hai| isameM pA~ca phuTakI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnako kAle pASANakI padmAsana mUrti virAjamAna hai| isake dUsare kamaremeM eka saptaphaNI nAga sahita pArzvanAthakI pratimA hai| do patthara aura bhI haiM jinapara jaina pratimAe~ khudI haiM / pradhAna guphA sahita yahA~ cAra guphAe~ haiN| ina saba guphAoMmeM jo pratimAe~ haiM ve adhikataH pAzvanAtha bhagavAnakI hI haiM, mahAvIra bhagabAnakI to eka bhI pratimA nahIM hai| isase isa sthAnake pArzvanAtha bhagavAnake samayameM nirmANa kiye jAnekI bAtakI puSTi hotI hai| karakaNDucaritake anusAra rAjA karakaNDune jo guphAe~ banavAI thI, ve ye hI guphAe~ batalAI jAtI haiN| bIjApura-madrAsa sadarna marahaThA relavepara bIjApura nAmakA purAnA nagara hai / sTezanake karIba hI saMgrahAlaya hai / inameM aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ rakhI huI haiM / eka mUrti karIba tIna hAtha U~cI padmA

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vividha 357 sana bhagavAna pArabanAthakI haiM usapara saM0 1232 khudA hai| bIjApurase karIba do molapara eka mandira hai, isameM zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAnako sahasraphaNA sahita eka mUrti virAjamAna hai jo darzanIya hai| bIjApurase 17 mIlapara bAbAnagara hai| vahA~para eka prAcIna mAndira hai, usameM bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI hare pASANakI 1|| hAtha U~cI padmAsana mUrti virAjamAna hai / isakA bahuta atizaya hai tathA aneka dantakathAe~ sunI jAtI haiN| bAdAmIke guphA mandira - bIjApura jilemeM bAdAmI eka choTA kasabA hai| isake pAsameM do prAcIna pahAr3I kile haiN| dakSiNa pahAr3IkI bagala meM chaThI sadIke bane hue hinduoMke tIna aura jainiyoMkA eka guphAmandira haiM / jaina guphA mandirameM aneka mUrtiyA~ darzanIya haiN| yaha guphA mandira bAdAmIke prasiddha cAlukyavaMzake rAjA pulakezIne banavAyA thA / belagA~va - sadarna marahaThThA relavepara yaha zahara basA hai| zahara se pUrvakI ora eka prAcIna kilA hai| kahate haiM ki pahale yahA~ 108 jaina mandira the / unako tur3avAkara bIjApurake bAdazAha ke saradArane yaha kilA banavAyA thA / aba kevala tIna mandira zeSa haiN| jinakI kArIgarI darzanIya hai / belagA~va jilemeM hI stavanidhi nAmakA kSetra hai / yahA~ 5-6 jaina mandira haiM jinameM saikar3oM jina mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiM / maisUra prAnta hummaca padmAvatI - maisUra sTeTameM zimogA zahara haiM / vahA~se tIrthallI hokara hummaca padmAvatI kSetrako jAte haiM / yahA~ kaI mandira haiM jinameM eka mandira bar3A vizAla bezakImata hai / yahA~ para bar3I-bar3I vizAla guphAe~ aura pratimAe~ haiM / varAMga- dakSiNa kanAr3A jilemeM yaha eka choTA-sA gA~va hai / thor3I hI dUrapara prAkArake andara eka bahuta vizAla mandira haiM / mandira meM pA~ca vediyA~ haiM, jinameM bahuta-sI prAcIna pratimAe~

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358 jainadharma haiM / eka mandira pAsa hI tAlAba meM hai / yadyapi mandira choTA hai parantu bahuta sundara hai / kArakala-varAMgase 15 mIlapara yaha eka acchA sthAna hai / yaha digambara jainoMkA bahuta prAcIna tIrtha sthAna hai| yahA~ 18 jaina mandira haiM / eka parvatapara zrIbAhubali svAmIkI 32 phITa U~cI khar3e AsanavAlI mUrti virAjamAna hai| isake sAmane eka dUsarA parvata haiM, usapara eka mandira hai / usameM cAroM ora khar3e AsanakI tIna vizAla pratimAe~ sthita haiM / yaha mandira kArIgarIkI dRSTise bhI darzanIya hai / mUDabidrI - kArakalase dasa mIlapara yaha eka acchA kasabA hai / yahA~ 18 mandira haiM jinameM eka mandira bahuta vizAla hai / usakA nAma tribhuvana tilaka cUr3AmaNi hai| yaha eka koTase ghirA hai / tIna maMjilakA hai / nIce 8 vediyA~ haiM, isake Upara 4 vediyA~ hai aura usake bhI Upara tIna ver3hiyA~ haiM / eka mandira siddhAntavasati kahalAtA hai / yaha dumaMjilA hai / isa mandirameM digambara jainoMke prakhyAta grantha zrIdhavala, jayadhavala aura mahAbandha kanar3I lipimeM tAr3apatroMpara likhe hue surakSita haiM / isameM 37 mUrtiyA~ pannA, pukharAja, gomeda, mU~gA, nIlama Adi ratnoM kI haiN| yahA~ zrIbhaTTAraka cArukIrti paMDitAcArya mahArAjakI gar3I hai| prAcIna jaina granthoMkA acchA saMgraha hai / veNUra - nadIke kinAre yaha eka choTA-sA gA~va hai / gA~va ke pazcima meM eka koTa hai / usake andara zrIgomaTa svAmIkI 31 phuTa U~cI pratimA virAjamAna hai / gA~vameM aneka jaina mandira haiN| velUra - haleviDa - velUra aura halevIr3a, maisUra rAjyake hAsana zaharake uttara meM eka dUsarese dasa bAraha mIlake antarapara sthita haiM / yahA~kA mUrtinirmANa duniyAmeM apUrva mAnA jAtA hai / eka samaya yaha donoM sthAna rAjadhAnIke rUpameM mazahUra the Aja kalAdhAnIke rUpameM khyAta haiN| donoM sthAnoMke Asa-pAsa jaina mandira

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vividha 359 haiM / sabhI mandira digambara sampradAyake haiM aura uccakoTikI kArIgarIko vyakta karate haiN| zravaNabelagolA-hAsana jileke antargata jina tIna sthAnoMne maisUra rAjyako vizvavikhyAta banA diyA hai ve haiM velUra, halevIDa aura zravaNa velgolaa| hAsanase pazcimameM zravaNavelagolA hai jo hAsanase moTarake dvArA 4 ghaMTekA mArga hai| zravaNavelagolAmeM candragiri aura vindhyagiri nAmakI do pahAr3iyA~ pAsa pAsa haiN| ina doMnoM pahAr3iyoMke bIcameM eka cokora tAlAba hai| isakA nAma velagola athavA sapheda tAlAba thaa| yahA~ zramaNoMke Akara rahaneke kAraNa isa gAMvakA nAma zramaNa velagola par3A / yaha digambara jainoMkA eka mahAna tIrtha sthAna hai| mauryasamrATa candragupta apane guru bhadrabAhuke sAtha apane jIvanake antima dina bitAneke liye yahA~ AyA thaa| gumne vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa candragiripara sallekhanA dhAraNa karake zarIra tyAga diyA / candraguptane gurukI pAdukAkI bAhara varSa taka pUjA kI aura antameM samAdhi dhAraNa karake iha jovana lIlA samApta kii| vindhyagiri nAmakI pahAr3Ipara gomaTezvarakI vizAlakAya mUrti virAjamAna hai| vindhyagirikI UcAI cArasau sattara phITa hai aura Upara jAneke liye sIr3hiyA~ banI huI haiN| kAkA kAlelakarake zabdoMmeM mUrtikA sArA zarIra bharAvadAra, yauvanapUrNa nAjuka aura kAntimAna hai| eka hI pattharase nirmita itanI sundara mUrti saMsArameM aura kahIM nhiiN| itanI bar3I mUrti itanI adhika snigdha hai ki bhaktike sAtha kucha premakI bhI yaha adhikAriNI banatI hai / dhUpa, havA aura pAnIke prabhAvase pIchekI ora UparakI papar3I khira par3anepara bhI isa mUrtikA lAvaNya khaNDita nahIM huA hai| isakI sthApanA Ajase eka hajAra varSa pahale gaMgavaMzake senApati aura maMtrI cAmuNDarAyane karAI thii| isa parvatapara choTe bar3e saba 10 mandira haiN| candragiripara car3haneke liye bhI sIr3hiyA~ banI haiN| parvatake

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360 jainadharma Upara madhya meM eka koTa banA hai usake andara bar3e-bar3e prAcIna 14 mandira haiM / mandiroMmeM bar3I-bar3I vizAla prAcIna pratimAe~ haiN| eka guphA meM zrIbhadrabAhu svAmIke caraNa cihna bane hue haiM jo lagabhaga eka phuTa lambe haiM / aitihAsika dRSTise yaha pahAr3I bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai kyoMki isapara bahuta se prAcIna zilAlekha aMkita haiM, jo mudrita ho cuke haiM / nIce grAma meM bhI sAta mandira aura 13 caityAlaya haiM / eka mandira meM citrakalAse zobhita kasauTI pASANake stambha haiN| yahA~ bhI zrIbhaTTAraka cArukIrti jI mahArAjakI gaddI hai / unake mandira meM bhI kucha ratnoMkI pratimAe~ hai / bar3A acchA zAstra bhaMDAra hai / eka digambara jaina pAThazAlA hai / isa prAntameM anya bhI aneka sthAna haiM jahA~ jaina mandira aura mUrtiyA~ darzanIya haiM / V ur3IsA prAnta khaNDagiri - ur3IsA prAntakI rAjadhAnI kaTaka hai| kaTakake Asa-pAsa hajAroM jaina pratimAe~ haiM / kintu ur3IsA meM jainiyoMkI saMkhyA kama hone se unakI rakSAkA koI prabandha nahIM hai / kaTakase hI suprasiddha khaNDagiri udayagiriko jAte haiN| bhuvanezvarase pA~ca mIla pazcima purI jilemeM khaNDagiri udayagiri nAmako do pahAr3iyA~ haiN| donoMpara patthara kATakara aneka guphAe~ aura mandira banAye gaye haiM, jo IsAse lagabhaga 50 varSa pahalese lekara 500 varSa bAda takake bane hue haiN| udayagirikI hAthI guphAmeM kaliMga cakravartI jaina samrATa khAravelakA prasiddha zilAlekha aMkita hai / 4. jainadharma aura itara dharma jainadharmakI Avazyaka bAtoMkA paricaya karA cukaneke bAda 'usakA itara dharmoke sAtha kyA kucha sambandha hai' Adi bAtoMpara bhI eka sarasarI nigAha DAlanekA prayatna karanA anucita na

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vividha 361 hogA; kyoMki usase ukta bAtoMpara adhika prakAza par3aneke sAtha hI sAtha jainadharmakI sthitiko samajhane meM tathA aneka bhrAmaka dhAraNAoMke dUra honemeM adhika sahAyatA mila sakegI / bhAratIya dharmo meM hindU dharma aura bauddhadharma ye do hI dharma aise haiM, jinake sAtha jainadharmakA gaharA jor3a-tor3a rahA hai| bhAratIya honeke nAte tInoM hI sAtha sAtha rahe haiM, pratyekane zeSa donoMke utAra yA car3hAva ke dina dekhe haiM, aura paraspara prahAra kiye aura jhele haiM, phira bhI ekakI dUsareke Upara chApa par3e binA nahIM rahI hai| 1. jainadharma aura hindUdharma yahA~ hindUdharmase matalaba vaidika dharmase hai, jise sanAtanadharma bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki aba yaha zabda isI artha meM rUr3ha kara diyA gayA hai / kahaneke liye 'hindU' zabdakI aisI vyAkhyAe~ bhI kI jAtI haiM jinase jainadharma bhI hindUdharma kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu eka to rUr3hake sAmane yaugika zabdArthako kauna mAnatA aura jAnatA hai ? dUsare, una vyAkhyAoMke pIche prAyaH yaha bhAva pAyA jAtA hai ki jainadharma hindUdharma ke nAmase kahe jAnevAle vaidikadharmakI vidrohI kanyA hai| kintu jina niSpakSa vidvAnoMne jainadharmakA gaharA AloDana kiyA hai ve use bhAratakA eka svataMtra dharma mAnate haiM / donoM dharmoke tattvoMpara dRSTi DAlane se bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai| tathA isa bAtakA nirNaya donoM dharmo zAstroMkI antarikSa sAkSIke AdhArapara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki anya koI bAhya pramANa aisA nahIM milatA jo isa samasyApara prakAza DAla sake / sabase prathama hama vaidika sAhityake kramika vikAsakA paricaya una bhAratIya dArzanikoMke sAhityake AdhArapara karAte haiM jo upaniSadoM ko hI saba darzanoMkA mUla AdhAra batalAte haiN| itihAsajJoMne bhAratIya darzanakA kAla vibhAga isa prakAra

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362 jainadharma kiyA hai-(1) vaidika kAla-1500 I0 pU0 se 600 I0 pU0 taka (2) paurANika gAthA kAla-600 I0 pU0 se 200 I0 taka aura (3) sUtrakAla-200 I0 se aage| hindU dharmako sabase prAcIna pothI veda haiN| beda cAra haiM Rka, yaju, sAma aura atharva / paurANikoMkA kahanA hai ki ina cAroM vedoMkA saMkalana vedavyAsane yajJakI AvazyakatAoMko dRSTimeM rakhakara kiyA thaa| yajJAnuSThAnake liye cAra RtvijoMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai-honA, ugdAtA, adhvaryu tathA brahmA / hotA maMtroMkA uccAraNa karake devatAoMkA AhvAna karatA hai| isa maMtra samudAyakA saMkalana RkvedameM hai / udgAtA RcAoMko madhura svarase gAtA hai isake liye sAmavedakA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai / yajJake vividha anuSThAnoMkA sampAdana karanA adhvaryukA kartavya hai / isake liye yajurveda hai| brahmA sampUrNa yogakA nirIkSaka hotA hai, jisase anuSThAnameM koI truTi na rahe, usameM vighna na aave| isake liye atharvaveda hai| isa prakAra yajJAnuSThAnako acchI tarahase karaneke liye bhinna-bhinna vedoMkA saMkalana bhinnabhinna RtvijoMke liye kiyA gayA hai| ___ vedake tIna vibhAga haiM-maMtra, brAhmaNa aura upaniSad / maMtroMke samudAyako saMhitA kahate haiN| brAhmaNa granthoMmeM yajJa yAgAdike anuSThAnakA vistRta varNana hai, inheM vedamaMtroMkA vyAkhyA grantha kahA jAtA hai| brAhmaNa granthoMkA antima bhAga AraNyaka aura upaniSad haiM, inameM dArzanika tattvoMkA vivecana hai| upaniSadoMko hI vedAnta kahate haiN| viSaya vibhAgakI dRSTise vedake do vibhAga haiM-karmakANDa aura jJAnakANDa | saMhitA, brAhmaNa aura AraNyakoMkA antarbhAva karmakANDameM hotA hai aura upaniSadkA jJAnakANDameM; kyoMki pahalemeM mukhyatayA kriyAkANDakI carcA hai aura dUsaremeM mukhyatayA jnyaankii|

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vividha vedoMkA pradhAna viSaya devatAstuti hai, aura ve devatA haiM agni, indra, sUrya vagairaha / Age calakara devatAoMkI saMkhyAmeM vRddhihrAsa bhI hotA rahA hai / vicArakoMke anusAra vaidika AryoMkA yaha vizvAsa thA ki inhIM devatAoMke anugrahase jagatkA saba kAma calatA hai| isIse ve unakI stuti kiyA karate the| jaba ye Aye loga bhAratavarSameM Aye to apane sAtha una devI stutiyoMko bhI laaye| aura jaba ve isa naye dezameM anya devatAke pUjakoMke paricayameM Aye to unheM apane gItoMko saMgraha karanekA utsAha huA / vaha saMgraha hI Rgveda' hai| __ kahA jAtA hai ki jaba vaidika Arya bhAratavarSameM Aye to unakI muThabher3a asabhya aura jaMgalI jAtiyAMse huii| jaba RgvedameM gauravarNa Aye aura zyAmavarNa dasyuoMke virodhakA varNana milatA hai to atharvavedameM AdAna-pradAnake dvArA donoMke milakara rahanekA ullekha milatA hai| isa samajhautekA yaha phala hotA hai ki atharvaveda jAdU TonekA grantha bana jAtA hai| jaba hama Rgveda aura atharvavedase majurveda, sAmaveda aura brAhmaNoMkI ora Ate haiM to hama eka vilakSaNa parivartana pAte haiN| yajJa yAgAdikakA jora hai, brAhmaNa grantha vedoMke Avazyaka bhAga bana gaye haiM kyoMki unameM yAgAdikako vidhikA varNana hai, purohitoMkA rAjya hai aura Rgvedase RcAe~ lekara unakA upayoga yajJAnuSThAnameM kiyA jAtA hai| jaba hama brAhmaNa sAhityako ora Ate haiM to hama usa samayameM jA pahu~cate haiM jaba vedoMko IzvarIya jJAna honekI mAnyatAko satyarUpameM svIkAra kiyA jA cukA thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki vedakA uttarAdhikAra smRtike AdhArapara ekase dUsarako milatA AtA thA aura Adara bhAva banAye rakhaneke 1. iMDiyana philosophI (sara ema0 rAdhAkRSNan) pR0 64, 1 bhA0 / 2. iMDiyana philosophI (sara esa. rAdhAkRSNan) pR0 126 /

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364 jainadharma liye kucha pavitratAkA usase sambaddha honA jarUrI thA / astu, brAhmaNa sAhityakI dRSTimeM vaidika RcAoMkA dharma kevala yajJa thA / aura manuSyakA devatAoMke sAtha kevala yAMtrika sambandha thA aura vaha thA - 'isa hAtha de usa hAtha le / ' jaba hama AraNyakoMkI ora Ate haiM, jinake bAreM meM kahA jAtA hai ki ve vanavAsiyoMke liye banAye the to unameM hameM yajJAdi karmoMse utpanna honevAle phalake prati azraddhAkA / bhAva dIkha par3atA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kore karmase logoMkI abhiruci haTane lagI thI aura cU~ki yAgAdikase milanevAlA svarga sthAyI nahIM thA ataH use Atyantika sukhakA sampAdaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA thA / jaba hama upaniSadoMkI ora Ate haiM to hameM lagatA hai ki 'upaniSadoM kI sthiti vedoMke anukUla nahIM hai / yuktikA anusaraNa karanevAle uttarakAlIna vicArakoMkI taraha ve vedakI mAnyatAke prati dumukhI DhaMga svIkAra karate haiN| eka ora ve vedakI maulikatAko svIkAra karate haiM aura dUsarI ora ve kahate haiM ki vaidika jJAna usa satya daivI parijJAnase bahuta hI nyUna hai aura hameM mukti nahIM dilA sktaa| nArada kahatA hai - 'maiM Rgveda, sAmaveda aura yajurvedako jAnatA hU~ kintu isase maiM kevala maMtroM aura zAstroMko jAnatA hU~-apaneko nahIM jAnatA / ' mANDUkya upaniSada meM likhA hai - 'do prakArakI vidyAe~ avazya jAnanI cAhiye - eka U~cI dUsarI nIcI / nIcI vidyA vaha hai jo vedoMse prApta hotI hai kintu ucca vidyA vaha hU~ jisase avinAzI brahma prApta hotA hai / ' 1 vaidika sAhityake isa vivecanase yaha spaSTa hai ki vaidika Arya jaba bhAratavarSa meM Aye to unakA saMgharSa yahA~ke AdivAsiyoMse huA / yadyapi 'kaTha upaniSad' (1-1 -20 ) se upa 1. iMDiyana philAsaphI (sara esa0 rAdhAkRSNan ) bhA0 1, pR0 146 /

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vividha niSatkAlameM vaidika dharmase virodha rakhanevAle dArzanikoMkA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki upaniSatkAlase pahale vaidikadharmakA virodha karanevAle nahIM the| kisI dezameM bAharase Akara basanevAloM aura phira dhIre-dhIre usa dezapara adhikAra jamAnevAloMko prAyaH yaha pravRtti hotI hai ki ve usa dezake AdivAsiyoMko jaMgalI aura ajJAnI hI dikhAnekA prayatna karate haiN| aisA hI prArambhameM aMgrejoMne kiyA aura sambhavataH aisA hI vaidika AryoM aura unake uttarAdhikAriyoMne kiyA hai| ve aba bhI isI mAnyatAko lekara calate hai ki jainadharmakA udgama bauddhadharmake sAtha-sAtha yA usase kucha pahale upaniSatkAlake bahuta bAdameM upaniSadoMkI zikSAke AdhArapara huA / jaba ki nizcita rItise prAyaH sabhI itihAsajJoMne yaha svIkAra kara liyA hai ki jainoMke 23veM tIrthakara zrIpArzvanAtha jo ki 800 I0 pU0 meM utpanna hue the eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa the| kintu ve bhI jainadharmake saMsthApaka nahIM the| sara rAdhAkRSNan apane bhAratIya darzanameM likhate haiM"jaina paramparAke anusAra jainadharmake saMsthApaka zrIRSabhadeva the jo ki zatAbdiyoM pahale ho gaye haiN| isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdImeM prathama tIrthakakara zrIRSabhadevakI pUjA hotI thii| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki jainadharma vardhamAna yA pArzvanAthase bhI pahale pracalita thA / yajurvedameM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrtharoMke nAmoMkA nideza hai / bhAgavatapurANa isa bAtakI puSTi karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jainadharmake saMsthApaka the|" aisI sthitimeM upaniSadoMkI zikSAko jainadharmakA AdhAra batalAnA kaise ucita kahA jA sakatA hai ? kyoMki jise upaniSadkAla kahA jAtA hai usa kAlameM to vArANasI nagarImeM bhaga 1. inDiyana philAsaphI (sara esa. rAdhAkRSNan) bhA0 1, pR0287 /

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366 jainadharma vAna pArzvanAthakA janma huA thA / eka dina kumAra avasthA meM pArzvanAtha gaMgAke kinAre ghUmane ke liye gaye the / vahA~ kucha tApasa paJcAgni tapa rahe the / pArzvanAthane AtmajJAnahIna isa kore tapakA virodha kiyA aura batalAyA ki jo lakar3iyA~ jala rahI haiM inameM nAga-nAginIkA jor3A maujUda hai aura usake prANa kaMThagata haiM / jaba lakar3Iko cIrA gayA to bAta satya nikalI / isa ghaTanA ke bAda hI pArzvanAthane pravrajyA dhAraNa kara lI thI aura pUrNa jJAnako prApta karake jainadharmake siddhAntoMkA upadeza janatAko diyA thA / bhagavAna pArzvanAthase lagabhaga ar3hAI sau varSake pazcAt mahAvIra hue aura unake bahuta pahale bhagavAna RSabhadeva hue| ataH jisa samaya vaidika Arya bhArata varSa meM Aye usa samaya bhI yahA~ RSabhadevakA dharma maujUda thA aura unake anuyAyiyoMse bhI vaidika AryoMkA saMgharSa avazya huA hogA / drAviDavaMza mUlataH bhAratIya hai aura dravir3a saMskRta bhAra tIya saMskRti hai; kyoMki drAvir3a bhASAe~ kevala bhAratavarSa meM hI pAI jAtI haiM / yaha dravir3a saMskRti avazya hI jainadharmase prabhAvita rahI hai / yahI kAraNa hai jo jainadharmameM dravir3a nAmase bhI eka saMgha pAyA jAtA hai / drAvir3a vaMzakA eka mAtra ghara dakSiNa bhArata hI hai ataH unake samparka meM vaidika Arya bahuta bAdameM Aye hoNge| yahIM vajaha hai jo Rgvedake bAdameM saMkalita kiye gaye yajurveda meM kucha jaina tIrthaGkaroMke nAma pAye jAte haiM / jaba vaidika dharma yajJapradhAna bana gayA aura purohitoMkA rAjya ho gayA to usake bAdameM jo hama janatAmeM jo usake prati aruci pAte haiM, jisakA ullekha Upara kiyA hai vaha Akasmika nahIM hai kintu zuSka kriyAkANDakI virodhinI usa zramaNa saMskRtike virodhakA pariNAma hai jisake janmadAtA RSabhadeva the / usIke phalasvarUpa upaniSadoMkI racanA kI gaI, jinameM vedakA prAmANya to svIkAra kiyA gayA kintu usase prApta honevAle jJAnako nIcA jJAna batalAyA gayA aura AtmajJAnako U~cA

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viviSa 367 mAna batalAyA gyaa| isa prakAra upaniSadoMne U~ce AdhyAtmika siddhAntakA pratipAdana to kiyA kintu vaidika kriyAkANDakA virodha nahIM kiyaa| sara rAdhAkRSNanake anusAra'-'jaba samaya AdhyAtmika siddhAntake prati eka niSThA cAhatA thA taba hama upaniSadoMmeM TAlanekI nItikA vyavahAra hotA huA pAte haiN| ve prArambha to karate haiM AtmAko samasta bAya pravRttiyoMse svataMtra karanese, kintu usakA anta hotA hai usI purAnI lar3Iko jodd'nemeN| jIvana kA nayA Adarza sthApita karaneke badale ve purAne mArgako hI phailAte hue dikhAI dete haiM / AdhyAtmika rAjyakA upadeza denA usako sthApita karanese eka bilkula judI hI vastu hai| upanipadoMne prAcIna vaidika kriyAkANDako U~ce adhyAtmavAdase jor3anekA prayatna kiyA, kintu tatkAlIna pIr3hIne isameM kataI abhiruci nahIM dikhAI / phalataH upaniSadoMkA U~cA adhyAtmavAda lokapriya nahIM ho skaa| isane pUre samAjako kabhI prabhAvita nahIM kiyaa| eka ora yaha dazA thI, dUsarI ora yAjJika dharma aba bhI balazAlI thaa| phala yaha huA ki nimna jJAnake dvArA ucca jJAna daladalameM phaMsA diyA gyaa|' bhAratake eka mAne hue dArzanikake ukta vivecanase yaha spaSTa hai ki upaniSadoMkA tattvajJAna vaidika AryoMkI upaja nahIM thI balki vaha bhAratake AdivAsI dravir3oM Adise liyA gayA thA, itanA hI nahIM, balki paristhitivaza lenA par3A thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki use apanA kara bhI vaidika Arya usakA upadeza to dete rahe kintu vaidika kriyAkANDa sthAnameM usakI sthApanA nahIM kara sake; kyoMki vaidika kriyAkANDake unakI apanI cIja thI, usakA moha ve kaise chor3a sakate the ? phalataH sara rAdhAkRSNanake zabdoM meM jhUTheke dvArA saccA kucala DAlA gayA aura upaniSadkAlake pIche brAhmaNa dharmakA yaha vidroha apane saba paraspara virodhI siddhAntoMke sAtha jaldI hI zikhara para jA phuNcaa|' 1. iMDiyana philAsaphI, bhA0 1 pR0 264-65 /

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368 jainadharma isa kAlakA varNana karate hue sara rAdhAkRSNan likhate haiM " vaha ' samaya AdhyAtmika zuSkatAkA thA, jisameM satya paramparAoMse bA~dha diyA gayA thA / manuSyakA dimAga niyi kriyAkANDakI paridhi meM hI ghUmA karatA thA / samasta vAtAva vidhi vidhAnoMse ru~dhA huA thaa| kucha maMtroMkA uccAraNa vi binA yA kucha vidhi vidhAnoMkA anuSThAna kiye binA koI jAga sakatA thA, na uTha sakatA thA, na snAna kara sakatA thA, bAla banavA sakatA thA, na mu~ha dho sakatA thA aura na kucha ra sakatA thaa| yaha vaha samaya thA jaba eka kSudra aura niSpha dharmane kore mUr3ha vizvAsoM aura sArahIna vastuoMke dvA apanA koSa bhara liyA thA / kintu eka zuSka aura hRdayahI darzana, jisake pIche ahaMkAra aura atyuktiyoMse pUrNa eka zuSa aura svamatAbhimAnI dharma ho, vicArazIla puruSoMko kabhI bha santuSTa nahIM kara sakatA aura na janatAko hI adhika samaya ta santuSTa rakha sakatA hai| isake bAda eka aisA samaya AyA ja isa vidrohako aura bhI acche DhaMgase saphala banAnekA prayata kiyA gyaa| upaniSadoMkA brahmavAda aura vedoMkA bahudevatAbAda upaniSadoMkA AdhyAtmika jIvana aura vedoMkA yAjJika kriyA kANDa, upaniSadoMkA mokSa aura saMsAra tathA vedoMkA svarga aura naraka, yaha tarkaviruddha saMyoga adhika dinoMtaka nahIM cala sakata thA ataH punarnirmANakI sakhta jarUrata thI / samaya eka aise dharmako pratIkSA kara rahA thA jo gambhIra aura adhika AdhyA tmika ho tathA manuSyoMke sAdhAraNa jIvanameM utara sake yA lAyA jA sake / dharmake siddhAntoMkA ucita sammizraNa karaneke pahale yaha Avazyaka thA ki siddhAntoMke usa banAvaTI sambandhako tor3a DAlA jAye jisameM lAkara unheM eka dUsareke sarvathA viruddha sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| bauddhoM, jainoM aura cArvAkoMne pracalita 1. 'iMDiyana philAsaphI' bhA0 150 265-66 /

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vividha 36e dharmakI banAvaTI dazAko bhA~pA / inameMse prathama done AtmAkI naitika AvazyakatAoMpara jora dete hue nava nirmANakA prayatna kiyA / kintu unakA yaha prayatna krAntikArI DhaMgapara thA / eka ora to unhoMne upaniSadoMke brahmavAda ( ethical universalism ) ko pUrNa karanekA prayatna kiyA dUsarI aura unhoMne socA ki hameM brAhmaNoMke prabhutvase yAnI yAjJika kriyAkANDa aura pracalita dharmase pUrI taraha pRthaka ho jAnA cAhiye / bhagavad gItA aura bAdake upaniSadoMne atItakA hisAba baiThAnekA aura pahalese bhI adhika kaTTaratAse tarka viruddha siddhAntoMke sammizraNa karanekA prayatna kiyaa| isa prakAra upaniSadkAlake pazcAt pracalita dharmake ina ugrapanthI aura sthiti pAlaka virodhiyoMke kendra bhAratake vibhinna bhAgoM meM sthApita hue- pUrva meM bauddha aura jaina - dharmane paira jamAyA aura vaidika dharmake prAcInagar3ha pazcimameM bhagavadgItAne / " ukta citraNa meM jahA~ jainadharma aura bauddhadharmake utthAnakI bAta AtI hai vahA~ hama sara rAdhAkRSNanko bhI usI purAnI bAtako duharAte hue pAte haiM ki jainadharmane upaniSadkI zikSAoMko mAnA / kintu vaidikadharma aura upaniSad ke siddhAntoMke mizraNako tarkaviruddha batalAkara bhI aura yaha mAnakara bhI ki pArzvanAtha jainadharma ke tIrthaGkara the jinakA nirvANa 776 I0 pU0 meM huA thA tathA jainadharma usase pahale bhI maujUda thA, ve upaniSad ke una siddhAntoMko jo jainadharmase mela khAte haiM, kintu vaidikadharmase mela nahIM khAte, jainadharmake siddhAnta mAnaneke liye zAyada taiyAra nahIM haiN| kintu unhoMne hI vaidikakAlakA jo khAkA khIMcA hai usase to yahI pramANita hotA hai ki jaba vaidika kriyAkANDakA virodha huA aura janatAkI ruci usase haTane lagI to vaidikoMne apanI sthiti banAye rakhaneke lie apane virodhI dharmokI - jinameM jainadharma pramukha thA - AdhyAtmika zikSAoMke AdhAra para upaniSadoMkI racanA kI / kintu upaniSada bhI 24

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370 jainadharma bAteM to adhyAtmakI karate the aura samarthana vaidika kriyAkANDakA hI kiye jAte the, jisake virodhI barAbara maujUda the| phalataH virodha bar3hane lgaa| isI samayake lagabhaga bhagavAna pArzvanAtha hue| unake upadezoM ne bhI apanA asara dikhalAyA / pArzvanAthake lagabhaga 200 varSake bAda hI vihArameM mahAvIra aura buddhakA janma huaa| vaidikadharmameM vicArazAstra ucca vidvAnoMkI hI vastu banI huI thI parantu isa yugameM isakA pracAra sAdhAraNa janatAmeM kiyA jAne lgaa| bhagavAna pArzvanAthane 70 varpataka sthAna sthAnapara vihAra karake janasAdhAraNameM dharmopadeza diyA / isIkA anusaraNa mahAvIra tathA buddhane avAntarakAlameM kiyA / apane AdhyAtmika vicAroMko vyAvahArika rUpa denekI tathA apane vicAroMke anurUpa jIvana yApana karanekI pravRttikI ora bhI isI yugameM vizeSa lakSya diyA gayA kyoMki ukta mahA. puruSoMne aisA hI kiyA thaa| vaidika yugameM indra varuNa Adiko hI devatAke rUpameM pUjA jAtA thA, kintu ukta dharmo meM manuSyako unnata banAkara usameM devatvakI pratiSThA karake usakI pUjA kI jAtI thii| virodhiyoMke ina siddhAntoMne vaidika dharmako sthitiko ekadama DA~vADola kara diyA thaa| usako kAyama rakhaneke liye phira kucha naI bAtoMko apanAnekI vaisI hI AvazyakatA pratIta huI jaisI AvazyakatA upaniSadoMkI racanA honese pUrva pratIta huI thii| isI kAlameM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhAratakA udaya huA, 1 sara rAdhAkRSNan likhate haiM-"jaba janatAkI AdhyAtmika cetanA upaniSadoMke kamajora vicArase, yA vedoMke dikhAvaTI devatAoMse tathA jainoM aura bauddhoMke naitika siddhAntoMke saMdigdha AdarzavAdase santuSTa nahIM ho sakI to punanirmANane eka dharmako janma diyA, jo utanA niyama-baddha nahIM thA tathA upaniSadoMke dharmase adhika santoSaprada thaa| usane eka saMdigdha aura zuSka Izvarake badale meM eka jIvita mAnavIya paramAtmA diyaa| bhagavadgItA, jisameM kRSNa viSNuke avatAra tathA upaniSadoMke parabrahma mAne gaye haiM, paMca

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vividha 371 aura rAma tathA kRSNako IzvarakA avatAra mAnakara manuSyameM devatvakI pratiSThAse AkarSita honevAlI janatAko udhara AkRSTa honese rokA / jaina aura bauddhadharmameM strI aura zUdrako bhI dharmAcaraNakA adhikAra thA jaba ki vedoMkA paThana-pAThana taka donoMke liye varjita thaa| isakI pUrti bhI mahAbhAratane kii| janatAkI ruci ahiMsAkI ora 'svataH nahIM balki vedavirodhI ukta dharmoke kAraNa bar3ha rahI thI aura unhoMke kAraNa pazuyAga usake liye AlocanA aura ghRNAkA viSaya bana rahA thaa| mahAbhAratameM eka kathAke dvArA pazuyajJako burA batalAkara haviyajJako hI zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai / nArAyaNakhaMDameM batalAyA ki vasune haviyajJa kiyaa| usase prasanna hokara viSNune yajJa dravyako pratyakSa hokara svIkAra kiyaa| yaha saba dekhakara hI niSpakSa vidvAnoMkA yaha mata hai ki mahAbhArata zramaNa saMskRtise prabhAvita hai| AdAna pradAnakI prathA dharmoM meM sadAse calI AI hai| eka rAtra sampradAya aura zvetAzvatara tathA bAdake anya upanipadoMkA zavadharma isI dhArmika krAntike phala hai|"-iN0 phi0 pR0 275-76 / dIvAnabahAdura kRSNa svAmI AyaMgarane bhI isI taraha ke vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM / ve likhate haiM-'usa samaya eka aise dharmako AvazyakatA thI jo brAhmaNadharmake isa punarnirmANakAlameM bauddhadharmake viruddha janatAko prabhAvita kara sktaa| usake liye eka mAnava devatA aura usakI pUjAvidhiko AvazyakatA thI' / -enziyaMTa iNDiyA, pR0 588 / prasiddha itihAsajJa sva0 ojhAjIne bhI likhA hai-"bauddha aura jainadharmake pracArase vaidikadharmako bahuta hAni phuNcii| itanA hI nahIM, kintu usameM parivartana karanA pdd'aa| aura vaha naye sAMce meM Dhalakara paurANika dharma bana gayA / usameM bauddha aura jainoMme milatI dharmasambandhI bahutasI naI vAtoMne praveza kiyaa| itanA hI nahIM, kintu buddhadevakI gaNanA viSNuke avatAroMmeM huI aura mAMsabhakSaNakA thor3A bahuta niSedha karanA pdd'aa|" rAjapUtAnekA itihAsa, pra. khaM0 10-11 /

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372 jainadharma bAra 'hiMda tattvajJAnano itihAsa' ke lekhaka zrInarmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mehatAne 'jainoM aura hinduoMke bIca saMskAroMkA pArasparika AdAna pradAna' viSayapara gujarAtameM bolate hue kahA thA-'bhAratavarSake mukhya tIna dharmoM 1 brAhmaNadharma jise hindu dharma kahate haiM, 2 bauddhadharma aura 3 jainadharmameMse bauddhadharma apanI janmabhUmise niSkAsita ho gayA aura zeSa do dharma kisa kAraNase Tike rahe isapara bahutase vidvAnoMne vicAra kiyA hai / maiMne bhI apanI buddhike anusAra vicAra kiyA hai| saba vicAroMke phalasvarUpa maiM yaha samajhA hU~ ki dUsare dharmake AcAra aura vicAroMko apanemeM zAmila karanekI adbhuta zakti brAhmaNoMmeM hai| isa zaktike prabhAvase ve dUsaroMkI vastuko apanA kara lete haiN| jaise koI jabara bela choTese jhAr3apara lagI ho to usa jhAr3ake rasako cUsakara sarvatra phaila jAtI hai aura AdhAra vRkSakA darzana bhI na ho sake isa taraha use hRdayaMgama kara letI hai, usI taraha brAhmaNoMke AcAra-vicArakI jaTilatAmeM jo koI dUsare dharmakA AcAra vicAra ghusa jAtA hai vaha brAhmaNoMkA apanA bana jAtA hai aura pIche vaha kisakA thA isakA nirNaya karanA azakta ho jAtA hai| brAhmaNoMke isa AtmasAta karaneke balake sAmane bauddhadharma Tika nahIM skaa| bauddhadharmane apanA svatva aura vyaktitva jamAneke badale brAhmaNa dharmake khaMDana meM adhika yatna kiyA / isase donoM dharmoke anuyAyiya dveSa aura nindAkA bhAva bar3ha gyaa| dUsare, brAhmaNoMne usa dharmake grahaNa karane yogya bAtoMko apanA liyA aura sAmAnya azikSita prajAko yaha samajhAyA ki bauddhadharmakA jo mukhya sAra kahA jAtA hai vaha to apane vaidikoMkA apanA hai / bauddhoMne to apanese hI le liyA hai| brAhmaNoMke isa 'vyAptijAla' ko jAnanA ho to nIceke muddoMpara vicAra kareM 1. bhagavAna buddhako viSNukA avatAra mAna liyA, unakA dayAdharma vaiSNavoM meM samA gyaa|

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25 vividha 373 2. brAhmaNoMke yajJa aura zrAddhameM gauvadha kiyA jAtA thaa| use kalibAhya karAra de diyA / 3. buddhake zarIrake aMzoMko lekara jo rathayAtrAdi utsava hote the ve vaiSNavoMkI rathayAtrArUpa ho gaye / 4. bauddhoMke jAtikhaMDana sambandhI AcAra-vicAra brahmavAdameM samA gaye / 5. baudharmakA paMcabuddha zaivadharma ke paMcamukha zivameM samA gayA / 6. azvaghoSakA vajrasUcI prakaraNa, jo jAtibhedakA viSvaMsaka hai, vaha jAna yA anajAnameM brAhmaNoMke upaniSada rUpase jA baiThA / 7. brAhmaNoMke parivrAjaka aura bauddhabhikSu brAhmaNa-zaramaNa ( zramaNa ) rUpase ekameka ho gaye / isa prakAra bauddhadharma anekarUpase vartamAna hindUdharmake aneka galI kUcoMmeM phaila gayA / tathA zaMkara vedAntake mAyAvAda meM bauddha vijJAnavAdiyoM kA mAyAvAda guptarotise isa prakAra samAyA ki mAno mAyAbAda sIdhe mUla upaniSadoMmeMse hI nikalA hai, aisA hindU vedAntiyoMkA dRr3ha mantavya ho gayA / jo AcAra-vicAra hajama nahIM kiye jA sakate the jaise kSaNikavAda, apohavAda vagairaha, unheM bauddhoMkA pAkhaNDadharma batalAyA gayA aura paurANikarUpameM hindU dharma kI naI dukAna khulii| pariNAma yaha huA ki bauddhadharma AryAvartase niSkAsita ho gayA / jo abhyAsI haiM ve isa vastusthitiko saralatAse samajha sakeMge / " isa prakAra bauddhadharmake lupta honeke sambandhameM apane vicAra prakaTa karaneke bAda mehatAjIne brAhmaNadharmI hinduoMne kaunase prAya aMza athavA guNa jainoMse prApta kiye haiM yaha batalAte hue kahA - "yajJa hiMsAke prati aruci dikhAnevAle prathama to sAMkhyAcArya kapila the| unhoMne yajJakarmako sadoSakarma batalAyA aura amuka yajJase svarga milatA ho to bhI vaha svargasukha samaya pAkara

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374 jainadharma hiMsAkA phala prakaTa kiye binA nahIM rahatA, aisA kahA / " usake bAda bhAgavata sampradAyameM vAsudeva zrIkRSNane ahiMsAkA kathana kiyA / kintu bhagavAna kRSNake yAdava kulameM madirApAnakA calana honese madyakI sahabhAvI hiMsA sarvAMzameM dUra nahIM ho skii| kuru-pAMcAla yuddhake samayameM pArasparika vairake kAraNa raudradhyAnake sivA dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAnakA avakAza na thA / Akhira meM hiMsA pUre vegase bar3hI aura bhAgavatadharma ahiMsAkA pakSapAtI hote hue bhI hiMsAko roka nahIM sakA / isa samayameM ahiMsAkA pAlana karanevAle yatijana bhI the / parantu ve vanoM meM rahate the / ahiMsAke Upara jora denevAle yatiyoMkA eka varga muMDaka zAkhAkA thA, kintu vaha bhI yaha mAnaneke liye taiyAra na thA ki vedakI hiMsA veda pratipAdita honepara bhI gauNa rUpa hai athavA halake dharmarUpa hai / 1 'hiMsA athavA prANAtipAta svataH doSarUpa hai, jisa jIvako mokSake mArga meM laganA ho use isa doSakA pUrI tarahase tyAga karaneke liye balavAna prayatna karanA cAhie, prANivadhake dvArA devatAoMko santuSTa karanekI bhAvanA 'apadharma hai, vidharma hai athavA adharma hai' aisA spaSTa kathana karanevAle jaina tIrthaGkara the / kintu una caubIsa tIrthaGkaroMmeMse pArzvanAtha ( teIsaveM) aura mahAvIra (caubIsaveM) vAstava meM aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiM / ve vAsudeva kRSNake pIche hue haiN| ina donoM mahApuruSoMmeMse pArzvanAtha bhagavAna buddhake pahale hue haiM, aura mahAvIra buddha samakAlIna the / ina donoM mahApuruSoMne spaSTa rUpase kahA ki hiMsA aura zuddhadharma ina donoMkA mela saMbhava nahIM hai, tathA dharma ke bahAnese pazuvadha karanA puNya nahIM, kintu pApa hai / isa nizcayako unhoMne apane zuddha cAritrake dvArA aura saMghake prabhAvase prajAmeM phailaayaa| aura usakA hinduoMpara aisA gaharA prabhAva par3A ki yajJameM hiMsA karanA dharma hai aisA kahaneke liye koI hindU taiyAra nahIM hai / Aja vidvAn aura dharmacintaka zAstrIgaNa usa hiMsAkA

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vividha 375 pratipAdana kara sakate haiM / kintu yadi koI TheTha vaidikadharmake anusAra zrautakarma karanevAlA somayAga karaneko tatpara ho to hindU usako tiraskArapUrvaka nikAla deM aura slATara hAusameM pazu vadha karanevAle kasAIkI taraha usakI durgati kareM' / mehatAjIke ukta vivecanase bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNadharma meM dUsaroMkI bAtoMko apanAnekI adbhuta zakti hai / aura uttarakAlIna upaniSadoMke dvArA bauddhoMke aneka mantavyoMko isa prakArase apanemeM sammilita kara liyA gayA mAnoM vaha upaniSadoMkI hI vastu ho / ( sara rAdhAkRSNankA bhI mata hai ki kucha upaniSadoMkI racanA buddhake bAdameM bhI huI hai|) isase bhI hamAre ukta vizvAsakI hI puSTi hotI hai| ataH upaniSadoMmeM jo jaina AcAra vicArakA pUrva rUpa pAyA jAtA hai, usase yaha nirNaya karanA ki jainadharma 'upaniSadoMse nikalA hai aura isaliye vaha hindU dharmakI vidrohI santAna hai, sarvathA bhrAnta hai / jainadharma eka svataMtra dharma hai / usake Adya tIrthaGkara zrIRSabhadeva the jo rAma aura kRSNase bhI pahale ho gaye haiM aura jinheM hinduoMne viSNukA avatAra mAnA hai| unhIMke vicAroMkI jhalaka upaniSadoM meM milatI hai| jaisA ki "upaniSada vicAraNA' ke nimna zabdoMse bhI spaSTa haiM "upaniSadoMnA chevaTanA bhAgamA~ veda-vAhya vicAravAlA sAdhuoMnA AcAravicAro araNyavAsioMmA peThelA jaNAya che, ane temA~ jaina ane bauddha siddhAntoMnA prathama bIje ugyA~ hoya aima jaNAya che| udAharaNa tarIke "sarvajIva brahmacakramA~ haMsa eTale 1. jarmana vidvAn glaijanapane apane jainadharma nAmaka granthameM likhA hai ki pro0 harTalekA kahanA hai ki brahmaloka aura muktiviSayaka jaina bhAvanA upaniSadoMkI bhAvanA se judI prakArakI hai aura ye donoM samAna nahIM ho sakatIM / donomeM jo samAnatA hai vaha kevala zAbdika hai / 2. pR0 201 /

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376 jainadharma jIva bhame che, jIvadhana paramAtmA che, jIva je je zarIramA praveze che te te zarIramaya hoi jAya che, keTalAka paramahaMsI " nirgantha ane zukladhyAna parAyaNahatA" A vigere upaniSad vAkyoM zrImahAvIra pUrvabhAvI nirgrantha sAdhuoMnA vicAroMnA pUrva rUpa che| jainonA Adya tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva AvarganA, nirmantha' sAdhu hatA~ / ane pAchala thI temane hindudharmooe viSNunA avatAra mAnyA che / " hindUdharma aura jainadharmake siddhAntoM meM bahuta antara hai / jaina vedako nahIM mAnate, smRti granthoM tathA brAhmaNoMke anya pramANabhUta granthoMko bhI pramANa nahIM maante| isake sivA donoMmeM mahattvakA bheda to yaha hai ki jainadharmake dhArmika tatva aura unakI saraNi spaSTa aura nizcita hai, kintu hindUdharma meM paraspara virodhI aneka siddhAnta haiM aura ve saba apane sacce honekA dAvA karate haiM / hindU jagatkA niyAmaka aura racayitA Izvarako mAnate haiM, jainI nahIM mAnate / hindU yuga-yugameM jagatkI sRSTi aura pralayako mAnate haiM, jaina jagatako anAdi ananta mAnate haiM / hindU mAnate haiM ki sanAtana dharmako IzvarakI prera se brahmAne prakaTa kiyaa| jainI mAnate haiM ki yuga-yugameM torthaGkara hote haiM aura ve apane jIvanake anubhavake AdhArapara satya dharmakA upadeza dete haiN| hindU mAnate haiM ki devatA mokSa prApta kara sakate haiM, jaina mAnate haiM ki mokSa kevala mAnavIya adhikArakI vastu hai / yadi devatAoMko mokSa prApta karanekI icchA ho to unheM manuSyayonimeM janma lenA cAhiye aura karmo ke nAzake liye tapa karanA cAhiye / hindU karmako adRSTa sattAke ' rUpameM mAnate haiM aura jaina mAnate haiM ki karma sUkSma paudgalika tattva hai jo jIvakI kriyAse AkRSTa hokara usake sAtha ba~dha jAtA hai / hindU mAnate haiM ki IzvarakI bhakti karanese usakI kRpAse sukha milatA hai, jaino mAnate haiM ki apane acche yA bure karmoMke anusAra jIva svayaM hI sukhI yA dukhI hotA hai / hindU

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vividha 377 mAnate haiM ki mukta huA jIva vaikuNThameM anAdi kAlataka sukha bhogatA hai athavA brahmameM lIna ho jAtA hai| jainI mAnate haiM ki mukta jIva lokake aprabhAgameM sadA kAla virAjamAna rahatA hai| jainadharma meM dharmadravya, adharmadravya, guNasthAna, mArgaNA Adi aneka tattva aise haiM jo hindUdharmameM nahIM haiN| tathA jaina nyAyameM bhI syAdvAda, naya, nikSepa Adi bahutase aise tattva haiM jo jainetara nyAyameM nahIM haiN| yaha saba bheda hote hue bhI donoM dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoMmeM sAMskRtika dRSTise Aja ekarUpatA dikhAI detI hai aura kucha jAtiyA~ aisI haiM jinameM donoM dharmoM ke anuyAyI pAye jAte haiM aura unameM parasparameM roTI-beTI vyavahAra bhI cAlU hai| 2. jainadharma aura bauddha dharma pahale aneka vidvAnoMkA yaha mata thA ki jainadharma bauddhadharmakI zAkhA hai| kintu sva0 yAkobIne isa bhramakA parimArjana karate hue spaSTa rItise yaha sAbita kara diyA ki ye donoM do svataMtra dharma haiM, aura ina donoMmeM jo kucha samAnatA hai usaparase yaha pramANita nahIM hotA ki eka dharmameMse dUsarA dharma nikalA hai| donoMmeM samAnatA __ jainadharma aura bauddhadharmameM aneka samAnatAe~ haiN| donoM vedako pramANa nahIM maante| donoM yajJahiMsAke virodhI haiN| donoM jaganniyantA IzvarakI sattAkI nahIM maante| donoM puruSoMmeM devatvakI sthApanA karake usako pUjA karate haiM ? donoMke dharmasaMsthApaka 'ahaMta aura jina' kahalAte haiN| donoM ahiMsAke siddhAntake anuyAyI haiN| donoMke saMghameM sAdhu aura sAdhvIko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| ina samAnatAoMke sivA mahattvakI samAnatA to yaha hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha donoM samakAlIna

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jainadharma * 378 the| donoMkA janma bihArameM huA thA / mahAvIrake pitAkA nAma siddhArtha thA aura yahI nAma kumAra avasthAmeM buddhakA thA / buddhako patnIkA nAma yazodharA thA aura zvetAmbara sampradAya kI mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIrakI patnIkA nAma yazodA thA / kintu ina samAnatAoMke hote hue bhI donoM dharmoMmeM jo maulika antara hai usase ye donoM dharma jude hI pramANita hote haiM / donoMmeM bheda donoMke dhArmika grantha jur3e haiM, itihAsa judA hai, kathAe~ judI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, kintu dhArmika siddhAnta bhI bilkula jude haiN| jainadharma nitya aura abhautika jIvatattvakA astitva mAnatA hai, tathA mAnatA hai ki jabataka yaha jIva paudgalika kamoMse ba~dhA rahatA hai tabataka saMsArameM rahatA hai, phira mukta hokara Upara siddhazilApara jA virAjatA hai aura ananta kAlataka Atmika guNoMmeM magna rahatA huA zAzvata sukhako bhogatA hai / kintu bauddha jIvatatvako nahIM maante| unake matase jise AtmA yA jIva kahate haiM vaha koI nitya padArtha nahIM hai, kintu kSaNika dharmokI eka santAna hai / usa santAnakA vinAza hI mokSa hai| jaise tela aura battIke jala cukanepara dIpakakA vinAza ho jAtA hai vaise ho usa santAnakA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai / bauddhadharmakA yaha siddhAnta jainadharmake siddhAntase bilkula viparIta hai / 'mahAvIra kevala sAdhu na the balki tapasvI bhI the / kintu bodha ke prApta honeke bAda vaha tapasvI nahIM rahe, kevala sAdhu hI rahe aura unhoMne apanA pUrA puruSArtha jIvanadharma kI ora lagAyA / ataH mahAvIrakA lakSya Atmadharma huA aura buddhakA lakSya lokadharma huA / isIse buddha adhika prasiddha hue / kintu isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki mahAvIra lokasamAjase sarvathA dUra hI rahate the / arhat ho jAne ke bAda ve bhI lokasamAjameM

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vividha 379 vihAra karate the, buddhakI hI taraha unake aneka ziSya the, unakA eka saMgha bhI thA aura yaha saMgha barAbara phailatA gayA, kintu bhAratakI sImAke bAhara usakA phailAva na ho skaa| mahAvIra aura buddhake jIvanakA ukta vizleSaNa karate hue jarmana vidvAn pro0 luimAnane Age likhA hai-"mahAvIra saMkucita prakRtike the aura buddha vizAla prakRtike the| mahAvIra lokasamAjameM milanese dUra rahate the aura buddha lokasamAjako sevA karate the| yaha bAta isa prasaMgase aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki yadi buddhako unakA koI ziSya jImanekA nimaMtraNa detA thA to vaha use svIkAra karake usake ghara cale jAte the, kintu mahAvIra yaha mAnate the ki samAja jIvanake sAtha sAdhukA isa prakArakA sambandha ThIka nahIM hai| yaha bAta isase aura bhI adhika spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki buddha vihAra karate samaya jisa tisake sAtha bAteM karate jAte the aura apane vicAra aura AcArameM pheraphAra karaneke sAtha-sAtha logoMko upadeza dene aura apanemeM sammilita karanekI paddhatimeM bhI pheraphAra kara lete the! kintu mahAvIrameM yaha bAta nahIM pAI jaatii| AdhyAtmika upadeza karane yA zikSA deneke liye mahAvIrane kisIko bulAyA ho aisA jAna nahIM pdd'taa| yadi koI manuSya dhArmika carcA karaneke liye unake pAsa jAtA thA to mahAvIra apane kaThina siddhAntoMke anusAra usakA uttara mAtra de dete the, kintu usakI paravA nahIM karate the|' ___ ataH Upara batalAye gaye kAraNoMse jainadharma aura bauddhadharma donoM svataMtra dharma haiM, ekase dUsarA nahIM nikalA hai| phira bhI donoM dharma sadIrgha kAlataka eka hI kSetrameM phale-phUle haiM ataH ekakA asara dUsarepara na huA ho, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| 3. jainadharma aura musalamAnadharma islAmakA udaya yadyapi arabameM huA kintu zatAbdiyoM taka donoM dharmoMkA bhAratake nAte nikaTa sambandha rahA hai| aura phala

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380 jainadharma svarUpa ekakA dUsarepara asara bhI par3A hai| musalamAnoMkA sabase adhika asara to jainoMkI sthApatyakalA aura citrakalApara par3A hai| sAtha-sAtha jainoMkI sthApatyakalAkA asara musalamAnoMkI sthApatyakalAke Upara bhI par3A hai| kintu isase hamArA prayojana nahIM hai| hamArA prayojana to dhArmika kSetrameM musalamAnadharmane jainadharmake Upara jo prabhAva DAlA hai usase hai| musalamAna dharmakA jainadharmake Upara mahattvakA asara to usake andara utpanna honevAle mUrtipUjA virodhI sampradAyoMkA janma lenA hai / musalamAnoMke mUrtipUjA virodha aura mUrti khaNDanane hI loMkAzAha vagairahake cittameM isa bhAvanAko janma diyA, jisake phalasvarUpa sthAnakavAsI sampradAya aura tAraNapanthakI sthApanA huii| musalamAna dharmapara jainadharmakA asara batalAte hue pro0 glejanapane 'jainijma' nAmaka granthameM A. furher. V. kremer ke eka nibandhakA havAlA dete hue likhA hai ki araba kavi aura dArzanika abulaalAne (973-1058) apane naitika-siddhAnta jainadharma ke prabhAvameM sthApita kiye the| isakA varNana karate hue kremarane likhA hai-'abulaalA kevala annAhAra karatA thA aura dUdha taka nahIM pItA thaa| kAraNa, vaha mAnatA thA ki mAtAke stanameMse bacceke hissekA dUdha bhI duha liyA jAtA hai isaliye ise vaha pApa mAnatA thA / jahA~ taka banatA thA vaha AhAra bhI nahIM karatA thaa| usane madhukA bhI tyAga kara diyA thaa| aMDA bhI nahIM khAtA thaa| AhAra aura vastrakI dRSTise vaha saMnyAsiyoMkI taraha rahatA thaa| pairameM lakar3IkI pAvar3I paharatA thA / kAraNa, pazuko mAranA aura usakA camar3A kAmameM lAnA pApa hai| eka sthAnapara vaha nagna rahanekI bhI prazaMsA karatA hai aura kahatA hai-'Rtu hI tumhAre liye sampUrNa vastra haiN|' usakA kahanA hai ki bhikhArIko paisA deneke badale makkhIko jIvanadAna denA zreSTha hai| nagnatA, jIvarakSA, annAhAra aura madhukA tyAga Adi

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vividha 381 viSayoMpara usakA pakSapAta yaha batalAtA hai ki isake vicAroMke Upara jainadharmakA, khAsa karake digambara sampradAyakA asara thaa| abulU alA bahuta samayataka bagadAdameM rahA thA / yaha nagara vyApArakA kendra thA / sambhava hai ki jaina vyApArI vahA~ gaye hoM aura unake sAtha kavikA sambandha huA ho / usake lekhoMparase jAnA jAtA hai ki use bhArata ke aneka dharmoMkA jJAna thA / bhAratake sAdhu nakha nahIM kATate isa bAtakA usane ullekha kiyA hai| murdA jalAnekI paddhatikI prazaMsA karatA hai / bhAratake sAdhu citAkI agnijvAlAmeM kUda par3ate haiM isa bAtapara abula alAko bahuta Azcarya huA thA / mRtyuke isa DhaMgako jaina adharma mAnate haiM / 'bana sake to kevala AhArakA tyAga karo' abula alAke isa vacana se yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki use jainoMke sallekhanAvratakA jJAna thA / kintu yaha vrata vaha svayaM pAla sakatA itanA usakA AtmA sabala nahIM thA / ina saba bAtoMse aisA lagatA hai ki abul alA jainoMke paricayameM AyA thA aura unake kitane hI dhArmika siddhAntoMko usane svIkAra kiyA thA / '

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5. jaina sUktiyA~ prAkRta 1 No logassesaNaM cre| -aacaaraaNg| artha-lokaiSaNAkA anusaraNa karanA-logoMkI dekhAdekhI calanA nahIM caahiye| 2 savve pANA piyAuA, suhasAyA dukkhapaDikulA appiyavahA / piyajIviNo jIviukAmA, savvesi jIviyaM piyaM / -AcArAMga / artha-samasta jIvoMko apanA apanA jIvana priya hai, sukha priya hai, ve duHkha nahIM cAhate, vadha nahIM cAhate, saba jInekI icchA karate haiM / (ataeva sabako rakSA karanI caahiye)| 3 savve jIvA vi icchaMti jIviuna mrijji| tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM NiggaMthA vajjayaMti gaM // -dazavakAlika / artha-saba jIva jInA cAhate haiM, koI bhI maranA nahIM caahtaa| ataeva nirgrantha muni ghora prANivadhakA parityAga karate haiN| 4 NissaMgo ceva sadA kasAyasallehaNaM kuNadi bhikkhU / saMgAha udIraMti kasAe aggIva kaTThANi // -zivArya / artha-parigraharahita sAdhu hI sadA kaSAyoMko kRza karane meM samartha hotA hai; kyoMki parigraha hI kaSAyoMko utpanna karate aura bar3hAte haiM, jaise sUkhI lakar3ikA~ agniko utpanna karatI aura bar3hAtI haiN| 5 samasattubaMdhuvaggo samasuhadukho psNsnniNdsmo|| ___ samaloTTakaMcaNo puNa jIvidamaraNe samo samaNo // -kundakunda / artha-jo zatru aura mitrameM, sukha aura duHkhameM, prazaMsA

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jaina sUktiyAM 383 aura nindAmeM, miTTI aura sonemeM tathA jIne aura marane meM sama hai, vahI zramaNa-jainasAdhu hai| 6 bhAvarahimao na sijmai jaivi tavaM carai koddikoddiiyo| jammatarAI bahuso laMbiyahattho gliyvttho|| -kundakunda / artha-bhAva rahitako siddhikI prApti nahIM hotI, bhale hI vaha bilkula nagna huA, hAthoMko lamba karake, karor3oM janmoMtaka nAnA prakArake tapa karatA rhe| 7 jesi visayesu radI tesiM dukkhaM viyANa sabbhAvaM // jadi taM Na hi sabbhAvaM vAvAro Natthi visayatthaM // -kundakunda / artha-jinakI indriyaviSayoM meM Asakti hai unako svAbhAvika duHkha samajhanA cAhiye, kyoMki yadi unheM svAbhAvika duHkha nahIM hotA to ve viSayoMkI prAptike lie yatna hI kyoM karate ? 8 vau tau saMjamu solu jiya e sabbaI akayatthu / jAva Na jANai ikka paru suddhau bhAu pavittu ||-yogiindu / artha-vrata, tapa, saMyama aura zIlakA pAlana tabataka nirarthaka hai jabataka isa jIvako apane pavitra zuddha svabhAvakA bodha nahIM hotaa| 6 rAe raMgie hiyavaDae, deu Na dIsaha saMtu / dappaNi mailai bibu jima, ehau jANi NibhaMtu // -yogondu / artha jaise maile darpaNameM mukha dikhalAyI nahIM detA, usI prakAra rAgabhAvase ra~ge hue hRdayameM bItarAga zAnta devakA darzana nahIM hotA, yaha sunizcita jaano| 10 jo Na vijAdi viyAraM taruNiyaNakaDakkhavANavido vi| ___ so ceva sUrasUro raNasUro No havai sUro / / -svAmI kArtikeya / artha-taruNI striyoMke kaTAkSa bANoMse vedhA jAnepara bhI jo vikAra bhAvako prApta nahIM hotA, vahI zUravIra hai| jo raNameM zUra hai vaha zUra nahIM hai|

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384 vividha 11 jahi bhAvai tahiM jAhi jiya bhAvai karitaM ji / kemvaha mokkhu Na atthi para cittai sudie Naji ||-yogiindu / artha he jIva ! tU cAhe jahA~ jA aura cAhe jo kriyA kara, parantu jaba taka terA citta zuddha na hogA, tabataka kisI taraha bhI tujhe mokSa nahIM mila sktaa| 12 jIvavaho appavaho jIvadayA hoi appaNo hu dayA / visakaMTako vva hiMsA pariharidavvA tado hodi ||-shivaary / artha-vAstavameM jIvoMkA vadha apanA hI vadha hai aura jIvoMpara dayA apanepara hI dayA hai| isalie viSakaNTakake samAna hiMsAko dUrase tyAga denA caahiye| 13 rAyadosAidohiM ya DahuliMjjai Neva jassa maNasalilaM / so Niya taccaM picchai Na hu picchai tassa vivarIo ||-devsen / artha-jisakA manojala rAga dveSa Adise nahIM DolatA hai, vaha AtmatattvakA darzana karatA hai aura jisakA mana rAgadveSAdika rUpI laharoMse DA~vADola rahatA hai use AtmatattvakA darzana nahIM hotaa| saMskRta 14 ApadAM kathitaH panthA indriyANAmasaMyamaH / tajjayaH saMpadAM mArgoM yeneSTaM tena gamyatAm // artha-'indriyokA asaMyama ApadAoMkA-duHkhoMkA mArga hai| aura unheM apane vazameM karanA sampadAoMkA-sukhoMkA mArga hai| inameMse jo tumheM ruce, usa para clo|' 15 heyopAdeyavijJAnaM no ced vyarthaH zramaH zrutau / -vAdIbhasiMha / artha-yadi zAstroMko par3hakara heya aura upAdeyakA jJAna nahIM huA, kisameM AtmakA hita hai aura kisameM AtmakA ahita hai

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25 jaina sUktiyA~ 385 yaha samajha paidA nahIM huI, to zrutAbhyAsameM parizrama karanA vyartha hI huA / ' 16 ko'ndho yo'kAryarataH ko vadhiro yaH zruNoti na hitAni / ko mUko ya: kAle priyANi vaktuM na jAnAti // - praznottara ratnamAlA / artha- 'andhA kauna hai ? jo na karane yogya bure kAmoMko karanemeM lIna rahatA hai| baharA kauna hai ? jo hitakI bAta nahIM sunatA / gU~gA kauna hai ? jo samayapara priya vacana bolanA nahIM jAnatA / ' 17 puNyasya phalamicchanti puNyaM necchanti mAnavAH / phalaM necchanti pApasya pApaM kurvanti yatnataH // - guNabhadrAcArya / artha - 'manuSya puNyakA phala sukha to cAhate haiM kintu puNya karma karanA nahIM cAhate / aura pApakA phala duHkha kabhI nahIM cAhate, kintu pApako bar3e yatnase karate haiM / ' 18 tattvajJAnavihInAnAM nairgranthyamapi niSphalam / na hi sthAlyAdibhiH sAdhyamannamanye rataNDulaiH // -- zatracUDAmaNi / artha- 'jo loga tattvajJAnase rahita haiM unakA nirmantha sAdhu bananA bhI niSphala hai; kyoMki yadi bhojanakI sAmagrI cAvala vagairaha nahIM hai to kevala baTalohI vagairaha pAtroMse ho bhojana nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / ' 19 gRhastho mokSamArgastho nirmoho naMva mohavAn / anagAro gRhI zreyAn nirmohI mohino muneH // - ratnakaraMDa zrA0 / artha - 'jo gRhastha hokara bhI nirmoha haiM vaha mokSake mArga meM sthita haiM, parantu jo muni hokara bhI moho hai vaha mokSake mArga sthita nahIM haiN| ataH mohI munise nirmohI gRhastha zreSTha hai / 20 yathA yathA samAyAti saMvittau tattvamuttamam / tathA tathA na rocante viSayAH sulabhA api //

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jainadharma 21 yathA yathA na rocante viSayAH sulabhA api / tathA tathA samAyAti saMvitto tattvamuttamam // - pUjyapAda | artha - 'jyoM jyoM Atma tattvakA anubhava hotA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM indriya viSaya sulabha hote hue bhI nahIM rucate / aura jyoM-jyoM indriya viSaya sulabha hote hue bhI nahIM rucate, tyoM-tyoM AtmatattvakA anubhava hotA jAtA hai / ' 386 22 apakurvati kopazcet kiM na kopAya kupyasi / trivargasyApavargasya jIvitasya ca nAzine // -vAdIbhasiMha | artha - yadi apakAra karanevAlepara kopa karanA hai to phira kopapara hI kopa kyoM nahIM karate, kyoMki kopa dharma, artha, kAma tathA mokSa aura jIvanakA bhI nAza karanevAlA hai / 23 anyadIyamivAtmIyamapi doSaM prapazyatA / kaH samaH khalu mukto'yaM yuktaH kAyena cedapi / vAdIbhasiMha / artha - 'jo dUsaroMke doSoMkI taraha apane bhI doSako dekhatA hai, usake samAna kauna haiM ? vaha zarIrase yukta hote hue bhI vAstavameM mukta hai / ' 24 AzAgartaH pratiprANi yasmin vizvamaNUpamam / tatkiyad kiyadAyAti vRthA vai viSayaiSitA // guNabhadra / artha - 'pratyeka prANIkA AzArUpI gaDDhA itanA vizAla hai ki usake sAmane yaha pUrA vizva bhI aNuke tulya hai / aisI sthiti meM yadi isa vizvakA baTavArA kiyA jAya to pratyekake hisse meM kitanA - kitanA AyagA ataH viSayoMkI cAha vyartha hI hai|' hindI 25 rAga udai jaga andha bhayo saharjAha saba logana lAja ga~vAI / sIkha binA nara sIkhata haiM viSayAdika sevanakI suravAI //

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jaina sUktiyA~ 387 tApara aura race rasakAvya, kahA kahiye tinakI niThurAI / andha asUjhanakI akhiyAnameM DArata hai raja rAma duhaaii||-bhuudhrdaas| 26 rAga udai bhoga bhAva lAgata suhAvanese, binA rAga aise lAgai jaise nAga kAre haiN| rAga hI soM pAga rahe tanameM sadIva jIva, rAga gaye Avata gilAni hota nyAre haiM / / rAga soM jagatarIti jhUThI saba sAMco jAna, rAga miTai sUjhata asAra khela sAre haiN| rAgI vina rAgoke vicArameM bar3oI bheda, jaise bhaTA paca kAhU kAhUko bayAre haiM // -bhUdharadAsa / 27 jyoM samudrameM pavana te cahu~disi uThata trNg| ___tyoM AkulatA sauM dukhita laha na samarasa raMga // -vRndAvana / 28 cAhata hai dhana hoya kisI vidhi to saba kAja sara jiyarA jii| geha cinAya karUM gahanA kucha, vyAhi sutA suta bA~Tiya bhAjI // ciMtata yoM dina jAhiM cale jama Ani acAnaka deta dagA jii| khelata khela khilAri gaye rahi jAya rupI zataraMjakI bAjI / / -bhUdharadAsa /

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