Hindna Deshi Rajyo

Author(s): Kuberbhai Motibhai
Publisher: Ranchodlal Gangaram
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034512/1

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Hoe 150

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hiMdanAM dezI rAjyo. (gujarAta tathA rajaputANA sivAya) - 388933- racanAra zA. kuberabhAI motIbhAI bhAdaravA ilAke revAkAMDA amadAvAda mAmAnI havelImaNe amadAvAda yunITeDa prInTIMga ane janarala ejansi kaMpanI "lImiTeDa nA presamAM * raNachoDalAla gaMgArAme chApyAM saMvata 1946 sane 1990 kImata rU3-0-0 sarva haka graMthakatAe rAkhyA che.

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arpaNa patrikA. mahArANA zrI phatehasiMhajI ThAkora sAheba opha bhAdaravA. Apane mArA prate premabhAva, temaja A pane rAjya maLyA pachI Ape rAjya calAvavAmAM je kuzaLatA ane huzIArI batAvI che ane prajA te potAnI kRpAdraSTI batAvI che tenI yAdagIrI tarIke ane Apa keLavaNIne uttejana ApavA ane graMtha kartaone Azraya ApavAI tejArI dharAve che-e saghaLAnI yAdagIrI tarIke huM graMtha kartA A ladhu graMtha Apane arpaNa karUchuM te svIkAraze. Apane tAbedAra kuberabhAI motIbhAI zA. ja che ne rANA+'baess che ? :

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prastAvanA. atrenA rahIza mI. kALIdAza devazaMkara taraphathI sane 1884nI sAlamAM gujarAta rAjasthAna ane sane 1887nI sAlamAM rAjaputANuM e rIte be pustaka bahAra paDelAM che. teo hiMdanA bIjA dezI rAjyono hevAla bahAra pADavAnA hatA; paNa rAjaputANAnu pustaka bahAra pADyA pachI maMdagI bhogavI thoDA vakhatamAM devaloka thayA e ghaNu dIlagIra thavA jevuM che, paNa Izvara kRpA hoya te kharI. jevI rIte bhUgoLa pRthvI uparane cItAra ApaNI najara AgaLa kha karI batAvI Ape che tevI rIte itihAsa asalanA vakhatamAM zAzA banAva banyA teno cItAra batAvI Ape che. ane tethI te bane vicho eka bIjA sAthe vaLagelA che. A pustakamAM meM te baMne viSayone dAkhala karelA che. A sivAya tene lagatA bIjA viSayo paNa dAkhala karavAmAM AvyA che. hiMdamAM ghaNAM eka moTA dezI rAjyA che, paNa te jANavAne gUjarAtI bhASAmAM kaMI paNa sAdhana nathI. tethI te beTa purI pADavA mi AraMbha kIdhe hato ane temAM have huM Izvara kRpAthI phatehamaMda nIvaDyo chuM. gujarAta rAjasthAna ane rAjaputANA e be pustaka bahAra paDelAM che tethI gUjarAta ane rAjaputANA A pustakamAMthI bAtala karelAM che. A sivAya hiMdanAM tamAma moTAM topanAM mAna maLatAM rAjyo dAkhala karavAmAM AvelAM che. A pustaka racavAmAM mukhya madada-kala mAlasananuM neTavaraTeTasa eka iDIA, bAMbe gejhaTIara, hanTaranuM ImpIrIala gejhITIara opha inDIA, lokanAtha gesanIdhImADarna hIsTrI opha inDIana cIphasa, rAjA, jamInadAro vagere bhAga 1, bhUgoLanuM varNana, jayubIlI saMvata sara vagare ghaNAM aMgrejI tathA gujarAtI pustako, vArasika rIporTa, ane vartamAna panI prasaMgopAta madada lIdhI che ane tethI temanA kartAne bhAre AbhArI thayo chuM. keTalIka hakIkta bahArathI paNa meLavI che. A pustaka sApha akSare lakhavAmAM ane hasva dIrtha vagarenI bhUlo sudhAravAmAM mArA nAnA bhAI parasotama motIbhAI tathA sAvalInI gUjarAtI skulanA mAstara premAnaMde sArI madada ApI che. A sivAya bhAdaravAnA kArabhArI rA. bhAIlAlabhAI vRjabhAI taraphathI keTalIka madada maLI che tethI te savano AbhArI thayo chuM, A pustaka nAmadAra saradAro tathA sadagRhasthonI sevAmAM mukatI veLA mAre kahevuM joIe ke te upayogI ane manapasaMda thAya tema karavAne banatI kALajI rAkhI che to paNa temAM kaMI cuka najara Ave to mane sucavazo ke jethI bIjI AvatImAM sudhAravAmAM Ave.

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anukramaNIkA. - 2 5. ja sa na ja ra sa je 145 , 148 viSaya. pRSTha. hidanI sarahado, hakIkata, ItihAsa ItyAdI... * 1 haidrAbAda.... .. * mahisura.. .. madhahiMdajasi.. gvAlIara IdAra che. * bhopALa ... ... revA - ucI teharI) dhAra ... , devAsa - datI A jAvarA ratalAma . pannA. . rAjagaDha . - 158 narasiMhagaDha, .. 159 jhAbuA - sIlANa . . 162 sItAmaiva.. saMpatara .. cIrakArI , chatrapura , ajayagaDha... bIjAvara ... ... bANI.. ALarAjapura vaDhavANuM . 175 khIlacIpura . .. *** 177 beradA : " nAgeda .. * mahIra * * 179 viSaya. mubAI IlAko . kolhApura * * * 183 karacha... . kherapura ... sAMvatavADI.. jIrA .. madrAsaIlAko trAvaNakora... ... 22 kocIna 56 koTA .. rAmanAda ... 241 paMjAbaIlAko 243 kAzmIra .. 249 patIAlA.. 253 bhAvalapura, 259 jhIMda.. 214 nAbhA : 296 kapUrathalA . 268 maMdI.. ... kahalUra (vilAsa caMbA... .. 274 sukheta . marakoTalA siramura * * * 279 pharIdakoTa ... vAvyaprAMta IlAko * rAmapura * * banArasa (kAzI) * * 288 teharI (gaDhavALa). * 291 baMgALAIlAko . . ra84 sikima . .. kucabihAra .. TIperA - * maNIpura 307 271 che. ja - 277 *** 21 na * ra S * rada - ** 301 - 0

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hiMdanAM dezI rAjyo. hiMdanI sarahadeA, hakIkata, itihAsa ityAdi. hiMda--e deza bharatakhaMDake hiMdusthAnanA nAmathI oLakhAya che. ane te eziJA khaMDanI dakSiNe Aveloche. sImA-uttare hiMdukuza, kArAkorama ane himAlaya parvata, pUrve jaMgala ane DuMgarA che, dakSiNe hiMdI mahAsAgara. nerUtye arabI samudra ane pazcime sulemAna ane hAlA parvato AvelA che. briTIza brahmadezano je bhAga IMgreja sarakArane hAtha Avelache te, khagALAne lagatA smAzAma, ArAkAna, pejI, mAtAJAna ane brahmadeza Igreja sarakArane hAtha AAvavAthI te badhAne joDI tenuM nAma " briTIza brahmadeza" evuM pADavAmAM mAnyuM che, tathA tene rAjakIya bAbatonA sabadhe hiMdusthAnamAM gaNelA che. pa hiMdanA paMdara bhAga gaNavAmAM mAnyA che, te paikI 1 svataMtra hADI rApo, 2 porTugIjha, 3 phrenca saMsthAno--e traNe bhAgone khAda karatAM mA dezamAM smAzare 1400000 (cauda lAkha) corasa mAIla jamInanuM kSetraphaLa ane vastI smAzare 255000000 (5sIsa karoDasmate pacAsa lAkha) mANasanI che. te paikI IMgreja sarakAranA khAlasA mulakanI 80000 ( mATha lAkha eMzI hajAra ) corasamAila jamIna tathA 200000000 ( vIsa karADa ) mANasanI vastI bAda karIe to hiMdanAM dezI rAjyonA tAbAmAM 520000 ( pAMca lAkha vIsa hajAra ) corasa mAila jamIna tathA 55000000 ( pAMca karoDa mane pacAsa lAkha ) mANasanI vastI che, ema nirmANa thaI zake che. ,, mAkhA hiMdu upara nAmadAra IMglAMDanAM mahArANI taraphathI eka vAisarAya ane gavarnara janarala " e hodAno mukhya adhikArI mamala calAve che. tenA tAbAmAM gavaranA, leTenenTa gavaranaro, cau kamIzanaro ane gavarnara janaralanA etrae hAdAnA mukhya mukhya ' Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat "" www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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( 2 ) amaladArA che. muMbAI ilAkAnA gavaranaranuM mukhya mathaka muMbAi, madrAsa ilAkAnA gavaranaranuM madrAza, baMgALA ilAkAnA lephTenenTa gavaranaranuM kalakatA, paMjAba ilAkAnA lephTenenTa gavaranaranuM lAhAra, vAkya prAMtonA lephTenenTanuM alahAbAda, madhya prAMtonA kamIzanaranuM nAgapura, brahmadezanA cIpha kamIzanaranuM raMguna, zvesuranA cIph kamIzanaranuM khAMgalora, haidrAbAdanA ejaMTa sudhI gavaranaranuM haidrAbAda, rAjapUtANAnA ejaMTa sudhI gavaranaranuM mAjI, madhya hiMda ejansinA rAjyonA ejaMTa Tu dhI gava ranaranuM iMdora ane vaDodarAnA enDruTa Tu dho gavaranaranuM vaDodarA e pramANe mathako che. smA badhA amaladAro hiMdanA vAisarAya athavA gavarnara janaralanI sattA nIce tathA te badhA tene javAkhadAra che. vAisAya athavA gavarnarajanarala kalakatAmAM raheche; topaNa garamInA divaseAmAM paMjAbamAM sImalA nAmanu zahera himAlayanA dakSiNa utAra para, tyAM raheche. zivAyanA khAkInA traNa bhAga jevAMke 1 svataMtra pahADI rAjyo, porTugIjha saMsthAno mane phrenca saMsthAna e svataMtra che. temanA mulakapara IMgreja sarakAranI hakumata ke dekharekha kaMI paNa nathI. pahADI rAjyomAMnA nepALa ane bhUtAnanA mulakamAM briTIrA resIDanTa raheche; paraMtu te rAjyaprakaraNI kAmAmAM kaI paNa joI zakato nathI. porTugIjhanA saMsthAnano mukhya amaladAra gavanarajanarala kahevAya che ane te govAmAMx rahe che. tenI nImanoka porTugAla dezanA rAjA taraphathI thAyache. kenca saMsthAnano mukhya amaladAra gavaranara kahevAyache. te pAMDecarImAM raheche tenI nImanoka phrAnsa dezanA rAjya taraphathI thAyache. dezanu svarUpa-6nIgmAmAM je je jAtanI jamIna che, te sarva jAtanI jamIna mA dezamAM samAelI che. mA dezamAM koI koI ThekANe retInAM medAna, UMcA parvato, khINo, jaMgalo, nadIcyA, pAdharo ane rasALa deza JI rahelo che. DuMgaramathI nIkaLatuM mIThuM, kolAmAMthI ! pragovA e zahera dakSiNamAM sAvaMtaJADI jIllAnI dakSiNe che. *pADaeNcaro e zahera madrAsa ilAkAnA pUrva kAMDA upara mudrAzathI mAlane Teche, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat dakSiNamAM www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(3) nIkaLatA hIrA ane paththaramAMthI banatAM akIkane mATe hi sthAna ati prakhyAta che. mahArANI vikaTorIAnA mugaTamAM zobhato kohinu+ rana paNa hiMdusthAnamAMthI ja ha. parvata-himAlaya, vidhAcaLa, pUrva ane pazcimaghATa, Abu, aravalI, pAvAgaDa ane gIranAra vigere parvatothI bharatakhaMDanI kIta somera phelAI rahI che. nadIo-gaMgA, yamunA, sarasvati, godAvarI, siMdhu, mahAnada, brahmaputrA, satalaja, narmadA, tApI, sAbaramatI, mahI, kRNA, irAvatI vigare aneka nadIo jemAM nahAvAthI hiMdu leka pavitra thAya che evI nadIo bharatakhaMDamAM AvelI che. yAtrA vigerenAM prasiddha sthaLa-banArasa (kAzI), e sarasvati devInuM mukhya mathaka che, gayA, ayodhA, chapaiyA, mayura, gokuLa, badrinAtha, vaDhAvana, puSkaLarAja, kAMkarolI, siddhapura, cAMpAnera, nAsika, setabadhurAmezvara, jagannAthapurI vigare che. A sivAya kalakattA, paTanA, madrAza, tricInApali, mubAI, punA, ahamadAvAda, ajamera, lAhora, alhAbAda, jabalapora vigere miTA zahera che. havA-mukhyatve karIne manuSya jAtane anusaratI che. simalA, Abu, mahAbaLezvara, uttakamaMDa, dA. lIMga vigere sthaLe havAne mATe prakhyAta che. nipaja-rU, ghauM, bAjarI, DAMgara, java, makAI, caNa, rAI, tuvera, tamAku, aphINa, gulAba, zeraDI, gaLI, bhIMDI, tala vigare thAya che. bharatakhaMDamAM ati upayoga ane suMdara jhADa uge che. sAga, sIsama, sUkhaDa, sAla, caMpa, AMbA, AMbalI, bAvaLa, setUra, nALierI, sopArI. vAMsa ane bIjAM aneka jAtanAM jhA A dezamAM thAya che. khanija-le, tAMbu, koyalA, sUrokhAra, mIThuM, senu, ratna metI vigere che. janAvara-vAgha, hAthI, siMha, haraNa, ghoDA, baLada, bheMsa, bakarAM ityAdI che. sApanI jAta puSkaLa che. pazu pakSI ghaNI jAtanAM mAlama paDe che. loka-hiMdu musalamAna, yuropI kohinura ratna machalIpaTTaNa ane haidrAbAdanI vaccenA pradezamAMthI jo hato. te I. sa. 1850mAM mahArANI vikaTorIAne hAthe A vyo. A rananA akasamAta jaNa kaDakA thayA. kohinura mahArANI vikaTorI A pAsa che, bIjo rasIana DAyamaMDa ane trIjo daroAnara (tejano bhaMDAra) che. kohInuranu vajana hAla 32 8 grena che.

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( 4 ) mana vigareche. dharma--hiMdu, musalamAnI, jaina, zikha, khristI, brahmasamAja vigare dhana che. parvatanAM jaMgalI mANasA mahAkALInA bhaMyakara svarUpane mAneche. bhASA--gUjarAtI, hindustAnI, mareThI, telagI, khagALI, urdU ane IMgrejI e mukhya bhASA che. itihAsa--A dezanuM nAma hiMdu sthathavA hiMdusthAna, ane tenA rahevAsIonuM nAma hiMdu, e bane paradezIoe pADelAM che. koi junA saMskRta ke prAkRta graMthamAM e nAma nathI; temAM to dezanuM nAma bharatakhaMDa ke mAyAtRta ane prajAnuM nAma AryaM lakhyAM che. hiMdanA prAcina ItihAsa saMbadhI jeje mAhitI maLe che te mAtra kalapIta vAtA ane daMta kathA zivAya khIjI rIte maLI zakatI nathI. ghaNA vidvAnono evo mata che ke hiMdu loka mA dezanA asalanA vatanI nathI; paNa te uttara ane vAvyakoNa taraphanA mulakamAMthI mAvelA jaNAya che. hiMdusmAmAM brAhmaNa, kSatrI ane vaizya e jAto ekjhI vakhate A dezamAM AvI hAya ema jaNAtuM paNa te ekapachI eka ema aneka ToLAM thaIne AvyA. temAM pahela vahelA dezanA dhaNI rajapUto (kSatrI) thayA. zudra jAtI jevA ke bhIla, sAnthala vigare je loka asalanA vatanI hatA temane pAdhara dezamAMthI khaseDI rajapUtoe sthApanA karavA mAMDI. tegmA prathama uttara bhAgamAM vasyA ane tyAra pachI dhIme dhIme dakSiNa tarapha vasyA, ghunAmAM junu rAjya sthodhAmAM hatuM ema hiMdu graMthakAro kaheche. mA ThekANethI sUrya ane caMdra vaMzanI utpattI thaI. sUryaM vazanA pahelA rAjA manuno kuvara IzvAku thayo tenI satA vanamI peDhIe rAjA rAmacaMdrajI thayA; temaNe dakSiNa upara svArI karI potAnA yuddha cAturyathI lakAMnA rAjA rAvaNane mAyA ane tethI te meTalA badhA prakhyAta thayA ke prAcIna vakhatanA loke temane devAMzI tarIke mAnyA mane mAja paNa te eka izvarI avatAra tarIke manAya che. caMdra vaMzamAM pahelA rAjA caMdramA thayo tenA vazamAM keTalIka peDhIe pAMDava ane kArava thayA. A baMne eka kuTuMbanI be zAkhA hatI. vicitra viSa~ e nAmanA rAjAne pAMDu ane dhRtarASTra e nAmanA be kuMvara hatA; temAMnA pAMDune arajIna vigere pAMcaane dhRtarASTrane duryodhana vigare100 kuMvara hatA. temanI vacce dilhInI pAsenA hastinApuranI gAdIne mATe

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laDAI thaI temAM chevaTa pAMDuM putra (pAMDava ) jItyA. paNa laDAImAM pitAnA sagA ane snehIonA ghAta thavAthI kheda pAmI himAlaya upara jaI deha choDyo. A baMne kuTuMbo vacce je laDAI thaI te mahAbhAratanuM yuddha kahevAya che ane te yuddha ghaNuM karIne I. sa. purva 1400 varasa - para thayuM haze ema anumAna thAya che. jema jema vakhata jato gayo tema tema rAjyonI uthalapAthala thatI gaI ane tethI rAjyomAM pheraphAra thaI gayA. ujjainamAM vikrama rAjAnA samayathI te A dezapara musalamAnonI svArIo thaI tyAM sudhI A dezamAM ThAma ThAma rajapUta lokanAM rAjya hatA. paraMtu temAM koI hiMdusthAnane cakravarti rAjA thayo nathI. I. sapUrve 3ra7nA varasamAM yuropa khaMDamAMnA grIsa dezamAMthI mahAna sikaMra pAdazAha Avyo. tene pALe kADhavAne rajapUtoe ghaNI laDAIe karI paNa temAM te hAryA te paNa sikaMdaranI phojanA mANasoe A dezamAM AgaLa vadhavAne nA pADI tethI te pAcho gayo. keTalAMka varase vityA pachI hiMdusthAna para musalamAnoe svArIo karavA mAMDI. I. sa. 712 mAM basarAnA* subAe mahamada kAsama nAmanA saradArane siMdha para mokalyo. e vakhate siMdhamAM dAhIra nAmano rajapUta rAjA rAja karato hato, ane tenI rAjadhAnI devala nagaramAM hatI. kAsame tenA nagarane lUTayuM ane tyAMnI vastIne katala karI. A vakhatanI laDAImAM dAhIra rAjA paDyo. pachavADethI rajapUtoe musalamAnone hAMkI kahADyA ane deza pAcho jItI lI. I. sa. 977mAM gijanInA sulatAna sabaktagIne laheranA azvanaMdI vaMzanA rAjA jayapALa upara svArI karI tathA tene chatI keTalAka deza tAbe karI lI. i. sa. 1001 mAM gijanInA sulatAna mahamade hiMda upara pahelI svArI karI. teNe judI judI vakhata thaIne hiMda upara 12 svArIo karI teNe dezane lUTI ghaNuM nukazAna karyuM, ghaNuM hiMduone mArI nAMkhyA tathA vaTALyA. vaLI teNe hiMduonA devaLa toDI nAkhyA; paNa teNe A dezamAM gAdI sthApavA vicAra kI nahoto. tenA vaMzamAM I. sa. nA bAramA saikAnI * A zahera ezIAI turkastAnamAM che.

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AkharanA varasamAM gijanInI gAdIe zAhabudIna ghorI nAmanA pAda. zAha thayo. teNe hiMdu sthAna para svArIo karI; te vakhata hiMdusthAnamAM cAra moTA rAjyo hatAM. 1 dilhImAM pRthurAja cahuANanuM rAjya, 2 ka jamAM jayacaMda rAThoDanuM rAjya, 3 cItoDa ( viDa) mAM pelotanuM rAjya, 4 aNahilavADa pATaNamAM solaMkI rAjya hatuM. A cAra rAjAene hiMdanA bIja nAnA rAjAo khaMDaNI ApatA hatA tathA kAma paDe lazkara laIne madade AvatA hatA. dilhI ane kanojanA rAjyanI hada kALI nadIthI thatI hatI. mi. dhu nadI sudhInAM dilhIthI pazcima taraphanAM rAja upara dilhInA rAjAnuM uparIpaNuM hatuM. e rAjyanI hada-uttaramAM himAlaya, pazcimamAM siMdhu nadI, dakSiNamAM raNa ane ArAvalInA DuMgarone kALI nadIthI thatI hatI. A cahuANa rAjAnA tAbAmAM 108 khaMDIo rAjA hatA. kajanA rAThoDa rAjyanI hada-uttaramAM himAlaya sudhI, pUrane kAzI sudhI, tathA caMbala nadI oLaMgIne budelakhaMDa sudhI hatI, dakSiNe mevADa ane pazcimikALI nadI sudhI hatI. mevADanA rAjyanI hada- uttaramAM arAvalI parvata, dakSiNamAM dhAra, pUrvamAM kanojanI hada ane pazcimamAM aNahilavADa pATaNanA rAjya sudhI hatI. aNahilavADa pATaNanA rAjyanI hada -uttare raNa, dakSiNe darIA kInAro, pUrva mevADa tathA dhArano mulaka ane pazcime siMdhu nadI sudhI hatI. A sivAya dakSiNamAM nAnAM nAnAM paNa ghaNAM rAjyo hatAM. - zAhabudIna ghorIe I. sa. 1193mAM pRthvIrAja caANane pakaDI dilhInu rAjya khAlasA karyuM. temaja I. sa. 1194mAM jayacaMdra roDane harAvI kanojanuM rAjya paNa khAlasA karyuM. dilhInI pAdazAhI-zAhabudInadhArIe dilhI ane kanojanAM rAjya khAlasA karyA pachI dilhImAM kutubudIna nAmano eka subo mukI pote gijanI pAcho gayo. zAhabudIne paMDe tathA kutubudIne judI judI vakhata hiMdusthAnanA bIjA bhAgomAM svArIo karI ghaNe mulaka chatI lIdho hato. I. sa. 120mAM zAhabudIna ghorIne koIe ghAta karyo. te

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vakhata lAbha laI I. sa. 1206mAM subA kutubuddIne svataMtra thaI pAdazAhI pada dhAraNa karyuM tathA dilhImAM tapa karI te para beTho. A vakhatathI musalamAna kharekharA hiMdanA dhaNa thayA. kutubudIna e gulAmavaMzano pahelo rAjA hatA. tenA vazamAM I. sa. 1200thI te I. sa. 1290 sudhI dilhInI gAdI rahI. A ja varasamAM kutabudIna, ArAma altamasa, rUkanudIna, rajIAbegama, berAma, masuda, nAsarUdIna, balabana ane kubAda e nAmanA daza pAdazAha thayA. chellA kakubAdane tene vachara jalAla-uda-dIne mArI nAMkhyo ane pote gAdIe beTho. khIlajIvaMzano pahelo pAdazAha-jalAla-uda-dIne I. sa. 1200 mAM gAdIe beTho. tenA vaMzamAM I. sa. 1320 sudhI dilhInI gAdI rahI. jalAla-uda-dInanI pachI IbrAhIma, alAudIna khunI, umara ane mubAraka e nAmanA pAdazAha thayA. alAudIne karaNavAdhelA pAsethI gUjarAta jItI lIdhuM ane tenI rANI kamaLAdevIne potAnI mAnItI chegama karI sthApI, tathA karaNanI kuMvarI devaLa devIne pakaDI maMgAvI po. tAnA beTA sAthe sAdI karAvI. chellA pAdazAha mubArake eka TeDane potAne vajIra banAvyo. te hiMdu dharma chemusalamAna thayo tethI tenuM nAma khuzarUkhAM pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. teNe i. sa. 132mAM potAnA pAdazAhane mArI nAMkhyo ane pote dilhInA taHupara beTho. vaLI teNe pAdazAhanA jamAnAnI bIjI orata hatI temane potAnA keDa sagAo sAthe dIdhI. AthI karIne ghaNA musalamAna umarAvo tenA para kopyA. vaLI rajapUta rAjAo paNa dilhInI pAdazAhI upara heDa pAdazAha thavAthI tenA para adekhAI karavA lAgyA. mAjI pAdazAhano senApati AsudIna taghalakha phoja laI paMjAba tarapha e hato A khabara sAMbhaLI dilhI Avyo ane khurUkhAne kola karyo. gyAsudIna bIjA saradAranI madadathI gAdI para beTho. sAmudIna taghalakhavaMzano pahelo pAdazAha hato. te I. sa. 1320mAM gAdIe beThAM. tenA vaMzamAM mahamada taghalakha. kIjazAha, gyAsudIna (bI), abubakara, nAsarUdIna, sikaMdara ane mahamadazAha eTalA pAdazAda thayA. mAmudIna lAdo pAdazAha hato. tenA ane tenA beTA mahamada navalakhanA amalanA vabanamAM rAjaputANA

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(8). zivAya AkhA hiMdusthAnano ghaNekha mulaka dilhIne tAbe thaI gayo hatuM. te paNa mahamada taghalakha gAMDA jevo hato tethI tenA vakhatamAM keTalAMeka musalamAnI svataMtra saMsthAna baMdhAyAM. ThekANe ThekANe baMDa uDyAM. teNe ghaNuone katala karyA. te laDAiomAM doDA doDa karate hato. te chevaTa siMdhanI eka laDhAImAM bharAyo. taghalakhavaMzane chelo pAdazAha mahamadazAha thayo. te maMda buddhine hato. tenA vakhatamAM prAMtonA subedAra svataMtra thaI beThA. i. sa. 1398 mAM timuraliMga nAme mugala pAdazAhe tArI dezathI AvIne dilhI upara svArI karI. teNe prathama dezane lUTayo tathA bALyo ane hajAro mANasanAM khuna karyA. pAdazAha gujarAta tarapha jato rahyo ane taimUraliMga dilhImAM peTho. teNe pAMca divasa sudhI dilhImAM lUTa ane katala calAvI. tenA gayA pachI pAdazAha gUjarAtathI pAcho Avyo paNa bo amala ikabAlakhAM calAvato hato tethI mahamadazAha "nAmano pAdazAha rahyo. te I. sa. 141ramAM maraNa pAmyo. ane te vakhatathI taghalakha vaMzane cheDo Avyo. - I. sa. 1414 sudhI dilhInI pAdazAhI khAlI rahI ane teja varasamAM mulatAnane subo khIjarakhAM dilhI AvI gAdIe beTho. khIjarakhAM saiyadax vaMzane pahelo pAdazAha hato. tenA pachI mubAraka, mahamada, ane Alama zAha e nAmanA pAdazAha tenA vaMzamAM anukrame thayA. saiyada vaMzanA badhA pAdazAha ALasu hatA tethI mugaloe ane mALavAnA sulatAnoe temanA prAMta jItI lIdhA. chelA pAdazAha Alama zAhe lAhoranA subA bahalola lodIne dilhInI gAdIe besADyo ane pote gAdIne haka mukI dI. bahIlela lodI I. sa. 1450 gAdIe beTho. te lodI vaMzano 5helo pAdazAha hato. tenA pachI tenA vaMzamAM sikaMdara ane IbrAhIma e eka vakhata evuM banyuM ke laDAImAM teno dAMta paDI gayo tyAre teNe te para eka bhapakAdAra kabara caNAvI. teNe kAgaLanA kaDaka paisA , tarIke calAvyA. * mahamada pegaMbaranA vaMzajo sAda kahevAya che.

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be pAdazAha thayA. sikaMdaranA vakhatamAM I. sa. 1498 mAM porTugIjha loka hiMdustAnanA kAlIkaTamAM AvyA. bahalola lodIe ghaNuM prAMta pAchA miLavyA; paNa IbrAhImanA vakhatamAM kAbulathI bAbara Avyo ane teNe dilhInI gAdI laI lIdhI. bAbara I. sa. 152mAM dilhInI gAdIe . e mugala vaMzane pahelo bAdazAha hato. tenA vaMzajoe ghaNI peDhI sudhI dilhInI pAdazAhI bhogavI. bAbara pachI I. sa. 1530mAM humAyu ane tenI pachI I. sa. 155mAM pratApI akabarazAha dilhIno pAdazAha thayo. teNe hiMdu ane musalamAna baMne prajAne sarakhI gaNI hatI. jANI joIne te koInA para julama karato nahoto. te hiMduone paNa moTA moTA hodAnI jagAo Apato. te chatAelA duzmana para kedI julama karato nahi paNa temane potAnA pakSamAM meLavI leto. teNe ghaNA prAMta kabaje karI potAnA rAjyamAM ghaNo vadhAro karyo. enA saguNa vize lakhavA mAMDIe to eka pustaka thAya paNa te lakhavAne ahi ja nathI tethI TuMkAvavuM paDe che. I. sa. 1605 sudhI akabare, I.sa. 1927 sudhI jahAMgIre, i. sa. 1658 sudhI zAhajA he, ane I. sa. 1707 sudhI auraMgajebe (AlamagIra) rAja karyuM. eraMgajeba ghaNo nirdaya hato. teNe hiMduo para ghaNe julama karyo. enA vakhatamAM dilhInI pAdazAhInI kharekharI caDhatI thaI. paraMtu tenA maraNa pachI rAjanI bhAgatI thavA mAMDI. karanA subAo svaMtatra thaI gayA ane temaNe navAbanI padi dhAraNa karI rAja karavA mAMDayuM. AvA vakhatamAM mareThAone upadrava vadhI paDyo. marAThI rAjyane sthApanAra zivAjI I. sa. 1927mAM ja hato. teNe I. sa. 1964mAM mahArAja evuM pada dhAraNa karyuM ane rAjagAdI rAyagaDhamAM sthApI. te I. sa. 1680mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene putra saMbhAjI gAdIe * zivAjIno vAvaTo bhagavA raMgano hato tenuM kAraNake tene rAmaravAmI karIne eka sAdhuno samAgama thayo hato. te svAmIe tenI mukha mudrA joIne kahyuM ke "rAja maLavIza" ane te pramANe thayuM tethI tenI yAdagIrI dAkhala zivAjI bhagavA raMgano vAvaTo rAkhato hato.

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( 10 ) beTho. tene I. sa. 1989mAM eraMgajeba pAdazAhe katala kayo hato.+ saMbhAjI pachI tene bhAI rAmarAjA gAdIe beTho. rAmarAjAe I. sa. 1700 sudhI, tenA pachI zivAjI bIjAe 108 sudhI ane tenI pachI zAhu rAjAe I. sa. 1748 sudhI rAja karyuM. zAhurAjAe I. sa. 178 mAM rAjagAdI rAyagaDhamAMthI uThAvI satArAmAM sthApI. tenA vakhatamAM mane rekI rAjya purajoramAM hatuM. zAha rAjAnA maraNa pachI I. sa. 148 mAM tenA pradhAna bALAjI pezvAe rAjAnA kuTuMbamAMnA eka rAmarAjAne satArAnI gAdIe besADI tenI pAse satArAnI AsapAsane cheDe mulaka rahevA daI bAkIno mulaka pitAnA kabajAmAM laI punAmAM judI rAjagAdI sthApI. pezvA, e paNa hiMdusthAnamAM eka moTA ane jorAvara rAjA thaI gayA. aMgreja sarakAre punAnI pezvAnI gAdI I. sa. 1818mAM chelA bAbajIrAva pezvA pAsethI laI lIdhI ane satArAno rAjA Apa sAheba I. sa. 1848mAM aputra maraNa pAmavAthI tenuM rAja paNa khAlasA karyuM. auraMgajebanA vaMzamAM I. sa. 1754mAM AlamagIra (bI) dilhInI gAdIe beTho. te ane tenI pachI je pAdazAha thayA te cheka dama vagaranA nIkaLyA. teo nAmanA pAdazAha kahevAtA. AlamagIra bIje I. sa. 175damAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI teno beTo zAhaAlama bIje pAdazAha thaze. tenI pAsethI mareThAoe dilahI jItI lIdhuM tathA eka musalamAna saradAre tenI AMkho phoDI nAkhI. I. sa. 1803mAM Igrejoe mareThAo pAsethI dilhI laI lIdhuM. zAhaAlama I.sa. 1806 mAM maraNa pAme tyAre tenI pachI tene zAhajAde akabara (bIje ) rAja vagara nAmano pAdazAha thaze. te I. sa. 1837mAM maraNa pAme tyAre teno zAhajAdo mahamada bahAdurazAha pAdazAha kahevAya. tene Igreja sarakAre nImaneka bAMdhI ApI hatI. mahamada bahAdurazAha mugala vaMzano chelo pAdazAha hato. I. sa. 1857nA baLavAmAM te sAmela thayo + eraMgajebe je vakhata tene pakaDyo te vakhate teNe tene kahyuM ke je te musalamAna thAya to ugare" A sAMbhaLIne saMbhALa rAte pIche thaI gayo ane bolI uThayo ke "jo tuM tArI zAhajAdI mane parakhAto huM musalamAna thA" A uparathI eraMgajebe tene katala karyo. zAbAza che AvA dharma jhanunIne ! !

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( 11 ) ha ane IgrejonAM chokarAMnAM khuna karavAmAM te sAmela hato ema jaNAyAthI tene dezanikAla karI tenA beTA ane beTAnA beTAone goLI bahAra karAvI mArI nAMkhyA. Igrejo kayAre ane kevI rIte A dezamAM AvyA tathA temaNe kevI rIte rAja saMpAdana karyuM e jANavuM vadhAre agatyanuM che. I. sa. 1600 nI sAlamAM IglAMmAM hiMdusthAna tathA pUrva taraphanA TApuo sAthe vepAra kastAne IsTa I-DIA nAmanI eka maMDaLI ubhI thaI, tene mahArANI chalIjhAbethe I. sa. 1600 mAM anada karI ApI. e kaMpanIe pahela vahelI khepa sumAtrA ane jAvA tarapha mArI ane I. sa. 1608 mAM hiMdusthAna khAte pahela vahelA sustamAM AvyA. te varasamAM hiMdusthAnamAM pazvima kinArA upara vepArane saMbaMdha bAMdhavA mATe aMglAMDathI je vahA no kAphalo ravAne thayo hato te kAphalAe phIraMgI (pirtugIjha). lokanA jabarajasta vahANa je keTalIeka phatehamaMdInI laDAIo mArI jIta miLavI, tethI aMgrejonuM nAma eTaluM badhuM mazahura thaI gayuM ke te vakhatanA amadAvAdanA mugalAI subA sAthe I.sa 1611mAM eka tahanAmuM thayuM. A tahanAmAne i. sa. 1913mAM dilhInA pAdazAha jahAMgIrazAhe maMjura karyuM, ane tethI keTalAka vepAranA hako sahIta surata, khaMbhAta, amadAvAda, ane ghoghAmAM koThIo (vakhAro) bAMdhavAne pasvAnagI maLI. A vepAranA saMbaMdhane lIdhe hiMdanA pazcima kinArA upara aMgrejonuM paheluM sthAna susta thayuM, I. sa. 1615mAM IMglAMDanA pAdazAha jemsa (pahelA) e sara TAmasaro nAmanA elacIne dilhInA pAdazAha jahAMgIrazAhanA darabAramAM mokalyo. pAdazAhe tene mAna ApI IgrejI vepArane vadhAre chuTa ApI. I.sa. 1921mAM IgrejI kaMpanInA mANaso ane AmaboyanA valaMdA kiledAro vacce deza bhAvane lIdhe takarAra thaI temAM valaMdA lokoe 18 Igrejo ane temanA cAkarone katala karyA.I.sa 1936mAM baTana nAmanA ja vade zAhajAhAMna pAdazAhanI begamanesa karI sAjI karI, tethI Ijeno hiMdusthAnamAM vaga vadhyo. ane temanehi sthAnanA koI paNa bhAgamAM koThIbAMdhavAne chUTa maLI, paNa valaMdA loka hamezAM temane naDatA hatA. aMgrejoe I.sa.1939mAM caMdranagaranA rAjAnA bhAI pAsethI jamIna vecAthI laII.sa. 1930mAM madrAsa zahera vasAvI tyAM "Te seTarja" nAma

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( 12 ) no killo bAMdhyo. portugAlanA rAjAnI kuMvarI nAme ' ketherAina ' sAthe IMglAMDanA pAdazAha " cArlasa (bIjA)nuM lagna i. sa. 1961mAM thayuM, tyAre portugAlanA rAjAe paherAmaNImAM muMbAi kheTa tene sthApyo. rAjAe te beTa I. sa. 1968mAM kaMpanIne soMpyo eTale kapanIe potAnuM mukhya mathaka muMbAImAM karyuM. I. sa. 1664mAM surata zaherane mareDI rAjya sthApanAra zivAjIe lUTayuM. A veLA aMgrejoe potAnI koThIno bacAva ghaNI bahAdurIthI kayA, jethI i. sa. 1667mAM dilhInA pAdazAha Ara gajebe temane navo paravAno Apyo. smAthI temanA purajAnI jakAta kamI thaI tathA temanA mAlane vagara maDacaNe AvavAjavA devo ema TharyuM. kaMpanIne i. sa. 1687 mAM Ara gajekha pAdazAha sAthe aNukhanAva thayo, tethI pAdazAhe temanI suratanI koDI lai lIdhI; paNa chevaTa pAchI AApI. kaMpanIe I. sa. 1990mAM kalakatAmAM thoDI jamIna vecAtI lIdhI hatI. I. sa. 1900mAM smAra gajekha pAdazAhane kaMIka maMdavADa thayo hato te hemITana nAmanA IMgreja vede maTADyo, tenA badalAmAM teja vasa kalakattA tathA madrAsanI mAsapAsanI vadhAre jamIna rAkhavA IMgrejone paravAnagI mApI ane bAdazAhanI paravAnagIthI kalakatAmAM korTaseMTa uvIlIama" e nAmano killo bAMdhyo. I. sa. 1744 sudhI iMgrejoe nirAMte vepAra kIvA. A vakhate sugalA rAjanI sattA cheka nakhaLI paDI gaI hatI, ane tethI musalamAna sukhA ke kodAro navAba banI svataMtra thaI paDyA hatA. krAnsa dezanA rAjA taraLthIA dezamAM pAMDecerImAM je thANuM hatuM tenA phrenca gavaranara DuplI ane IMgreja kaMpanI vacce aNabanAva cAlato hato, tethI phrenca saradAra lAkhoDIne tA. 10 sapaTebara sane 1743nA roja madrAzara humalo kIno ane zahera tathA killo tAbe karI lIvo. vaLI IMgrejone pakaDI pAMDecarI mokalI dIdhA. tyAra pachI te lokoe IMgrejonA tAbAmAM kaIseTa devIda nAmano killo hato tene dhero ghAlyo, paNa IMglAMDathI keTalIka koja khAvI paheAcavAthI te koje te dhero uDAze. I. sa. 1749mAM tajAvaranA rAjAno bhAI potAnA bhAInI gAdI khayAvI paDyo hato; paNa IMgrejoe padabhraSTa thaelA rAjAno pakSa

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(13) lIdhelo te paNa joDI devAnI pharate gAdI para beThelA rAjAe igrejone devIkoTAno killo ane tenI AsapAsanI keTalIka jamIna ApI. A vakhata hiMdamAM ghaNuM avyavasthA cAlatI hatI. haidrAbAda ane kaNaTakamAM gAdInI takarAra uThelI tenA saMbaMdhamAM phrenca ane aMgrejone laDAI saLagI hatI, paraMtu chevaTe Igreja saradAra sara kalAI jaya Lio . ane e khaTapaTamAM Akho kaTaka deza IgrejonA hAthamAM Avyo. I. sa. 1754mAM aMgreja ane nyi vacce samAdhAna thayuM. mareThA pazcima kAMThA tarapha corImAM vahANa rAkhI lUTo karatA hatA, temane I.sa. 175mAM kalAIve nAza karyo. eja sAlamAM eTale I.sa 1756 mAM begALAno navAba surAjauddelA kalakatA para caDI Avyo eTale Igreja gavarare potAnAM baIrAM chokarAMne vahANamAM besADyAM ane pote paNa temAM bezI darakhAne raste nAzI gayo. je Igre kalakatAmAM rahI gayA hatA temane navAbe pakaDI eka sAMkaDA bhoMyarAmAM ( blokahAlamAM 142 mANasane) puyo. e bhoMyarAmAM pavana sarakho paNa barAbara jaI zakate nahi. tevI jagAmAM 123 mANasa pavana ane pANI vagara akaLAIne eka divasamAM maraNa pAmyA. ane 23 mANase jIvatA nIkaLyA teone paNa paisA batAve nahi to vadhAre du:khI thaze ema dhamakI batAvI. navAbanA A ati nirdaya kRtyanI khabara madrAsamAM greja kaMpanIvALAne thavAthI karnala kalAIvane dezI ane vilAyatI thaIne 2500 mANasanA lazkara sAthe kalakate mokalyo. kalAIve turata kalaktA pAchuM jItI lIdhuM. paNa A khabara sAMbhaLI navAba caDI Avyo. temanI banne vacce sahejasAja laDAI thayA pachI kalAIve navAba sAthe salAha karI. salAha thaI paNa baMnenA manamAM dago hovAthI chevaTa sane 1757mAM eka moTI laDAI thaI. A veLA navAba surAja uddolA taraphanuM Azare 70000 (sItera hajAra) mANasanuM lazkara ane moTuM topakhAnuM hatuM. tenA sAme kalAiva 3000 mANasanA lazkara ane 10 topa sAthe plAsInA raNamAM navAba para tUTI paDyo tathA tene harAvI kahADI mukyo. A laDAImAM + enA vize eka evI kahevata che ke-"ghADe para nebata DAlI, bharapepara DAlI jIna; phIragIpara caDa gaye kalakata lIyA chIna.

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(14) mIra jAphara nAmane saradAra navAba taraphathI phuTI kalAIvane maLyo hato. tene kalAIve muzadAbAda (baMgALA)nI gAdIe besADyo, ane rAjyane kula adhikAra potAne hAtha rAkhyo. A pramANe baMgALA, bahAra, ane oDhI prAMtonuM dhaNIpaNuM aMgrejonuM thayuM. A vakhatathI aMgrejoe AkhA hiMdusthAnanA mAlIka thavAne pAyo jamAvyo. thoDA vakhatathI karNATakamAM mahamadaalI rAjyasana pAmyo hato. te khaTapaTamAM phrenca ane aMgrejo vacce laDAI uThI hatI. aMgrejoe chevaTa karNATaka potAne kabaje karI lIdhuM. baMgALAmAM murzidAbAdanI gAdIe mIra jApharane kalAIve besADo hato. paNa navAbanA manamAM dago hato. kalAiva i. sa. 1760mAM vilAyata gayo eTale cotarapha tephAna thavA lAgyAM. kalaktAmAM vAnasItA> nAme navo gavaranara karyo hato. mIrajApharane kalAIve gAdIe besADyo tyAre keTalIka rakama ApavI teNe kabula karI hatI te teNe ApI nahi tethI gavaranare tene gAdIparathI uThADI mukyo ane tenA jamAI mIra kAsamane navAba banAvyo. A veLA mIra kAsame Igrejone bardavAna, cItAgAMga, ane madanapura bakSisa ApyAM. A navA navAba mIrakAsamanA manamAM ema AvyuM ke jyAM sudhI baMgALAmAM ijenAM pagalAM che tyAM sudhI mAre phakata nAmanA navAba tarIke rahevuM paDaze, tethI te cupakIthI potAnI phojane majabuta karavA lAgyo ane rAjagAdI murzidAbAdamAMthI pheravI mAMgIra nagaramAM karI. baMgALAmAM jakAta levAnA saMbaMdhamAM Igrejo joDe navAbane vAMdho uTho. aMgreja vepArIoe potAno mAla dezamAMthI jAya te upara jakAta ApavA nA kahI, paNa navAbe kahyuM ke dezI ane paradezI tamAma jaNe navaTakA pramANe jakAta ApavI paDaze. je te kabula nahi karavAthI navAbe tamAma loka uparanI jakAta mApha karI tethI Ijene gu sso caDho, ane navAba sAthe laDAI uThI. Igrejoe prathama paTaNA sara karyuM, paNa makAsama tA. 24 juna sana 161nA roja te pAchuM chatI lIdhuM. A veranA badalAmAM aMgrejoe tA. 3 julAI sane 1763nA roja AgalA navAba mIra jApharane pALa baMgALAne navAba TharAvyo. mIra kAsama ane jene vacce tA. ra agasTa sane 1763nA roja che

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rIA AgaLa eka miTI laDAI thaI temAM prathama Igrejo hAryA paNa pAchaLathI temano jaya thayo. Igrejoe tA.1 okaTobaranA roja gIra jItI lIdhuM eTale mIra kAsama paTaNe jato rahyo. teNe keTalAka Igrejene paTaNAmAM keda karyA hatA temane teNe tA. 3 akabara sana 1773 nA roja katala karyo. A khabara jANuM Igrejo kopyA ane paTaNA - para humalo karyo. mIrakAsama paTaNa choDI ayodhe jato rahyo eTale I. grejoe tA. 6 navebara sane 1763nA roja paTaNuM sara karyuM. sane 1764 mAM mIrakAsama, ayodhAno navAba sujA-uda-daulA ane dilhIne pAdazAha zAhaAlama (bIjo) e traNe bhegA thaI paTaNApara caDAI karI. tA. 23 me sane 1764 nA roja eka moTI laDAI thaI paNa aMgreja saradAra mejara kanake temane nasADI mukyA. thoDA divasa pachI aMgrejonI dezI phoje baLavo kI tene karnAkanI jagoe nImAelA majaminaroe besADI dI. A veLA baMDakhomAM 24 mANasa AgevAna hatA temane tepe bAMdhI uDAvI dIdhA. tA. 23 mI okaTobara sane 1764 nA roja bakasara AgaLa dilhInA pAdazAha ane uparanA be navAbanA lazkara sAthe aMgrejone laDAI thaI. AmAM pAdazAha chejene zaraNe thayo. have ayodhAno navAba sujA-uda-daulA sAme thaI beTho hato tenA upara aMgrejoe svArI karI ane tene harAvI jaya meiLavyo. A veLA eTale tA. 3 misane 1865 nA roja sujAuda delA paNa zaraNe thayo. prathama dilhIne pAdazAha Alama ane tyArapachI ayodhAno navAba sujAuda-dalA e baMne aMgrejone zaraNa thaI IjanI chAvaNImAM baMdhAvAna thaI rahyA. kalAIva vilAyata gayo hato te A vakhata pAcho Avyo ane tA. 21 agaSTa sane 1765nA roja te alahAbAda gayo. tyAM te ja divase dilhInA pAdazAhe baMgALA, orIsA ane bahAra prAMtano rAjyAdhikAra Igrejone ApI tenI sanaMda karI ApI. A sanaMdamAM ema paNa lakhyuM hatuM ke hiMdanA bIjA bhAgomAM je je prAMta igrejoe meLavyA hoya te paNa temanA kabajAmAM rahe. - have kalAIve rAjakArabhAramAM pheraphAra karavA mAMDyo. teNe aMgrejonA pagAra vadhAryA ane temane kahyuM ke have vepArInuM nAma choDI daI pragaNAone adhikAra dhAraNa karo. have temAM nAnA vepArI che ema nahi

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(16). samajatAM, rAjyanA subA che ema mAne. teNe vaLI lazkarI khAtAmAM pheraphAra karyo. teNe lazkaranA mANasone laDAInA vakhata zivAya bIjI vakhate bhathuM ApavAnuM baMdha karyuM. AthI te lokoe I. sa. 156 mAM baMDa karyuM ane 200 amaladAroe nokarInAM rAjInAmA ApyAM. kalAIve kaMIpaNa gabharAmaNa vagara madrAzathI navAM mANasa bolAvI te jagA purI. kalAiva sane 176 nA jAnevArI mAsamAM vilAyata pharIthI gayo. e vakhate haidaalI nAmano musalamAna mahisaranA hiMdu rAjyano dhaNuM thaI paDyo hato. te Igrena ko duzmana hato. igrejoe teno Dara khAI haidrAbAdanA nijAma ane mareThA sAthe salAha karI haidara upara caDAI karI; paNa haidare nijAma ane mareThAne phoDI potAnA pakSamAM lIdhA eTale aMgrejo pAchA makAza jatA rahyA. paNa tA 3 sapTembara sane 1717 nA roja aMgrejI phoja mI. smIthanI saradArI nIce caMgAma AgaLa ane tyArapachI tA. 26 saparTobaranA roja trInomAlI AgaLa haidara sAme laDI temAM te jya pAmI. A laDAImAM haidaranI hAra thavAthI nijAma pastAyo ane chevaTa IgrejanA pakSamAM gayo. A laDAI vakhata haidarano beTo TIpu madrAza ane tenI AsapAsa lUTa karato hato tathA ghara bALa hato. te potAnA bApanI hAranI khabara jANuM tene jaI mo. have haidare aMgrejonA tAbAnA keTalAka killA jItI lIdhA ane aMburanA killAne ghero ghAlyo. smIthe aMbura jaI tene nasADa eTale te pazcima kinArA tarapha gayo. aMgrejoe tyAM paNa tenI pachADI jaI keTalAka killA tAbe karyA. chevaTa haidare makAza jaI Igrejo sAthe salAha karavA kabUla karyuM. A vakhata eTale I. sa. 1768 mAM baMne vaye tahanAmu thayuM. temAM ema TharyuM ke baMne pakSavALAe eka ekanI jagAo lIdhI hoya te pAchI ApavI ne zatra laDavA Ave to eka bIjAne sahAya karavI, have jeno amala sArI peThe jAmavA lAgyo tethI baMgALAmAM je gavaranara hato tene I. sa. 1774 mAM gavarnara janarala evI padi IlAMDanI sarakAre ApI ane tene hiMdano kula kArabhAra sepyo. A vakhate mareThA ghaNuM karIne hiMdanA ghaNA bhAga kabaje karI beThA hatA.

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(17) tA. 3 juna sane 1776 mAM IMgrejo ane mareThA vacce saMdhI thaI tethI keTaloka mulaka IMgrejone maLyo. paraMtu mareThA iMgrejo sAthe vera rAkhatA hatA. IMgrejI phoja amadAvAda upara gaI ane tA. 15 phevaraArI sane 1780 mAM te zahera kabaje karI lIdhuM. tA. 21 eprIlane roja maraeNThA pAsethI lAhoranagara lIdhuM ane tA. 3 gagane roja gvAlIaragaDha paNa jItI lIvo. mahisUravALA haidara mahIe madrAzanI mAsapAsanAM ghaNAM gAma khALI mukayAM tathA keTalAMeka tAkhe karI lIdhAM. madrAzanA gavaranare keTalAeka upAyo kIdhA paNa te badhA aphaLa gayA. kanaeNlakhelI tA. 10 sapaTebara sane 1780 nA roja bahu bahAdurIthI laDyo, paNa tenuM lazkara thoDu hAvAthI chevaTa haidaranA lazkaramAM gherAI gayo. duSTa haidare mA vakhata dhaNA grejjaine katala karyA tathA teNe mArkeTa ane khIjA killA kabaje karI lIdhA tathA keTalAkane dherA dhAvyA. A khabara kalakatAnA gavaranare sAMbhaLI ke tarataja teNe madrAzanA gavarnarane kharatarapha kIvo mane gALethI keTalIka phoja madrAza tarapha mokalI. A phoje laDAino smAra...ma kIvA; paNa keTalAka divasa sudhI temAM kaIM vadhu nahi. prathama haidaranA lazkare bahu bahAdurI batAvI paNa pAchaLathI te nADuM. topaNa teNe laDAI sarU rAkhI, sane 1782nA phevaravArI mAsamAM haidaranA beTA TIpue potAnA phrenca tathA musalamAna lazkarathI ekadama humalo karyo. temAM IMgrejonI hAra thaI. A veLAe paNa TIpue grenepara katala calAvI hatI. haidara tA. 7 DIsekhara sane 1782nA roja cItoDamAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA.pachI teno bheTo TIpu mahisarano gAdIpatI thayo. khedanura upara ociMto humalo karI TIpue tene dhero dhAyA ane tA 30 eprIla sane 1783nA roja te zahera teNe jItI lIdhuM. mA vakhata grene tene zaraNa thayA paNa temAMnA keTalAkane jhera ane keTalAkane talavArathI katala karI mAryA. tyAra pachI keTalAeka vadharA cAlyA. paNa tA. 11 mArca sane 1784nA roja TIpugma IMgrejo sAthe mAMgaloramAM saMdhI karI. banArasa (kAzI)nA rAjA cetasiMha pAse gavaranara janarale daMDa mAgyo te teNe Apyo nahi, tethI hestIvse banArasa jaI rAjAne tA0 16 3

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(18) agaSTa sane 1ranA roja keda kI. A khabara zaheranA lokoe sAMbhaLI eTale temaNe baMDa karyuM ane ghaNuM che jene katala kayA, ane rAjAne choDo. A vakhata hastIgsa ghaNA saMkaTamAM AvI paDyo, paNa tene keTalIka sahAyatA AvI maLavAthI te ravaI nAzIne cunAranA kilAmAM bharAI peTho. aMgrejI vadhAre phoja tenI sahAya mATe AvI eTale citasiha prathama vijaya nagara ane tyAra pachI budelakhaMDa tarapha jato rahyo tathA tyAMja maraNa pAmyo. Igrejoe banArasanI gAdI caitasiMhanA bhatrijAne ApI. tA. 19 sapTebara sane 1ranA roja hestIvsa adhAnA navAba sAthe navA kola karAra karyA. TIpue trAvaNakoranA rAjyapara I. sa. 178mAM caDAI karI hatI. tene pakSa karI aMgrejoe pharI TIpu sAme laDavA taiyArI karI. aMgrejoe tenuM koImbatura laI lIdhuM. laMDa hastIsanI jagee leDa kanevAlIsa nImAyo hato. te paDe makAza Avyo ane TIpunA zrIraMgapaTaNa upara I. sa. 1791mAM hallo karyo paNa Ine pAchA haThavuM paDyuM. te paNa tyAra pachI TIpu nadI kilo haze te bree jItI lIdhuM. chevaTa I. preje ane TIpu vacce tA.19 mArca sane 179nA roja kolakarAra thayA. sane 1798mAM haidrAbAdanA nijAme che sAthe saMdhI karI kolakarAra karyA. mahisaravALe TIpu saMdhI karyA chatAM laDavAnAM bahAnAM khoLo hato. tenA upara aMgrejoe I. sa. 1779mAM halo karI tene harAche ane tenI rAjadhAnI zrIraMgapaTaNane ghero ghAlyo tathA tyAra pachI kizApara hallo karyo, A veLA laDAI purajoramAM cAlI. laDAImAM TIpu jAte laDato hato. te prathama ghavAze ane tyAra pachI tA. 4 me sane 1799nA roja eka Ije tene katala ke. Igrejoe zrIraMgapaTaNa kabaje karyuM ane TIpune tenA bApanI gharanI pAse dATo. mahisra dezane juno rAjA jene haidare padabhraSTa karyo hato tenA vaMzajane greje mahipUrane rAjA banAvyo tathA keTalAka mulaka Ipje potAnI pAse rAkhyo ane keTaleka haidrAbAdanA nijAmane Apo. A pramANe grejoe TIpunA mulakanI vyavasthA karI. I. sa. 1800mAM * hAla Tapune hukko laMDana myujhIemamAM che.

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greje suratanA navAbane penasana ApI tenI pAsethI te zahera ane tenAM pragaNuM laI lIdhAM. eja sAlamAM ayodhAnA navAba sAthe saMdhI thaI A saMdhIthI phojanA kharaca peTe keTalAka mulaka navAbe Igrejane Apyo. vyAvya prAMta ilAke AgaLa jatAM banyo te e mulaka hate. haidrAbAdanA nijAmanA mulakamAM aMgrejI laskara rahetuM hatuM tenA - racane peTe je nANAM nijAmane ApavAM paDatAM hatAM tenA badalAmAM - hirano bhAga nijAmane maLyo hato te che jene Apavo ema tA. 12 akTobara sane 1801nA roja tahanAmuM thayuM, eja sAlamAM karNATakanuM rAjya aMgrejonA hAthamAM AvyuM, tyAMno navAba maraNa pAmyo eTale tenA beTA amadelAne penazana bAMdhI ApI nAmane navAba banAvyo ane teno mulaka ijee khAlasA ko. punAmAM pezvAnuM rAjaya hatuM ane tenA upara siMdhIA tathA holakara e saradArono kAbu hato tethI pezvA IMgrejonA rakSaNa nIce nAzI ' AvyuM. A veLA eTale tA. 31 Disembara sane 1802 nA roja Igreja ane pezvA vace vasAI mukAme tahanAmuM thayuM. tethI pezvAnA darabAramAM Ija resIDenTa tathA phoja rahe tathA tenuM kharaca pezvAe ApavuM ema TharyuM. I. sa. 1803mAM marAThA ane aMgrejo vacce dilahI pAse laDAI thaI temAM aMgrejoe mareThAne nasADyA ane dilhI zahera laI lIdhuM. tathA tyAMnA nAmanA pAdazAha zAha Alamane mareThAoe keda karyo hato tene mAMthI choDavyo. I. sa. 1803nA DiseMbaranI tA. 30mIe siMdhio sAthe kalakarAra thayA tethI gaMgA ane junAM vacce pradeza IgrejonA tAbAmAM Avyo. to paNa aMgrejonI sAme siMdhio ane holakara e che jerAvara zatra hatA. temanI sAme I. sa. 1804thI te 1806 sudhI laDAI o cAlI ane tenA saMbaMdhamAM bIjA rAjAo sAthe paNa TeTA thayA madrAzanI pAse velAramAM tA. 10 julAI sane 186mAM baMDa thayuM be Dakhoroe velAramAM je gorA loka hatA temane mArI nAMkhyA. A baM, thavAnuM kAraNa ema jaNAya che ke TIpunA zAhajAdA veloramAM keda hatA, temanI uzkeraNIthI A kAma thayuM hatuM. ane tethI te zAhajAdAone

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(20) * kalakate laI jaI najarakeda rAkhyA. phIturIAmAMnA keTalAka AgevAnone tope khAMdhI uDAvI dIdhA. i. sa. 1813thI te 1817 sudhI IMgrejone nepAla sAthe laDAI cAlI. temAM keTalIka vakhata nepAlIgmAnI jIta thavAthI pIMDhArA loka IMgrejI hadamAM lUMTaphATa karavA lAgyA; paNa che. temane harAvI vaza karyA. pezvA tathA nAgapuranA nAMzalA rAAgye paNa chaLabheda karavA mAMDyA hatA. IMgrejoe pezvAnu punAnu rAjya sane 1818mAM khAlasA karyuM ane tyAMnA rAjA bAjIrAva pezvAne penasana khAMdhI mApI kAnapuranI pAse bIpuramAM rAkhyo. tathA nAgapuranA bhAMzalA rAjA JApAsAhebane keTalIka sarate tenI gAdIpara kAyama rAkhyo; paNa teNe kAvatarAM karavA mAMDyAM, temAM IMgreja sarakAre tene pakaDyo; paNa tA 13 me sane 1918mAM te nADo ane pahADomAM bharAI peTho. chevara IMgreje tene jodhapuranA mulakamAM rAkhyo ane tenA putra bAjIrAvane nAgapuranI gAdIe khesAkyo. kurga prAMtano rAjA julama karato hato tene padabhraSTa karI teno mulaka I. sa. 1834mAM IMgrejoe khAlasA karyeA. * dilhImAM IMgrejo taraphathI polITIkala ejaDha raheto hato tenuM phIrojapuranA navAbe khUna karyuM, tethI tene i. sa. 1934mAM dilhImAM phrAMsI dIdhI. I. sa. 1842mAM siMdhanA amIra IMgrejonI sAme thayA, temAM aneka laData thaI; paNa chevaTa te tAbe thayA ane temano mulaka i. sa. 1943mAM IMgrejI rAjya sAthe joDI dIvo. paMjAba jenI rAjadhAnI lAhera zaheramAMhatI tenA +zIkharAjA raNa * I. sa. 1853mAM A rAjya khAlasA thayuM. + IMgrejI rAjya hiMdamAM pasaratuM gayuM tevA vakhatamAM zIkhalaka dInaparadIna jorapara Avata! gayA. seALamA saikAmAM zIkhapaMtha utpana thayo. temano gurU nAnaka hato. teNe kaika hiMdu dharmano mata ane kaMika musalamAnI dharmanA matano mizra karIne navo paMtha kahADayo. dhaNA lokocyuM te patha svIkAyo. nAnaka zAMtapaNe upadeza karato hato. mArgajeba pAdazAha ggA lokapara julama karavA lAgyo tethI temaNe gurUgovi 6 nAmanA zUravIra mANusane potAno AgevAna TharAvI pote laDavesmA

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(21) jItasiMhanA maraNa pachI I. sa. 1844mAM tyAMnA darabAramAM khana upara khUna ane aneka jAtanAM kAvatarAM thavA lAgyAM. raNajItasiMhanI pachI teno kuvara karakasiMha gAdIe beTho; paNa tene cAra mahinAmAM jhera daIne koIe mArI nAkhyo. tenA pachI tene kuMvara nIhAlasiMha gAdIe beTha ane te paNa te ja divase dagAthI bharAyA. tenA pachI te rAjyamAM nirdaya vajIra dhyAnasiMhe serasiMhane gAdIe besADyo. pachavADethI teNe rAjA tathA tenA kuMvarane mArI naMkhAvyo. chevaTa dhyAnasiMhane sAmA pakSavALAe mAryo. have raNajItasiMhanI eka caMdA kuMvara nAmanI rANI hatI teNIe potAnA kuMvara dulIpasiMhane gAdIe besADo. rANI rAjakArabhAra calAvatI hatI ane tenI pAse mukhya karIne teno yAra lAlasiMha, bhAI jehArasiMha, jamuno rAjA gulAbasiMha ane senApati caturasiMha e AgevAna purUSo hatA. A badhAmAM lAlasiMhanu purU jera hatuM. zIkha ane Igrejo vacce vagara kAraNe i. sa 1845mAM laDAI thaI temAM aMgreja senyano prakhyAta saradAra sabasela marAyo. bIje divase phIrojapura AgaLa laDAI thaI temAM aMgrejoe zIkhalokane harAvyA. paNa AthI teo nAhimatavAna thayA nahi thoDA divasa pachI eTale sane 1846nA phebruArI mAsamAM sona nAmanA sthaLa AgaLa pharI laDAI thaI temAM baMne taraphanAM hajAro mANasa marAyAM. chevaTe baMne sarakAra vacce tA 8 mArca sane 1847nA roja saMdhI thaI. AthI ema kahyuM ke aba prAMta tathA laDAino kharaca rAjAe Igrejane Apo tathA lAhoranA rAjyamAM eka Igreja resIDenTa rahe ane tenI slAha pramANe cAlavuM. laDAinA kharacanAM nANAM nahi maLavAthI kAzmIra ane hajArA prAMto eka karoDa rUpIe jamunA rAjA gulAbasiMhane vecANa ApyA. pharI pAchuM banyA. mugalAI rAjyanI nabaLAino lAbha laI temaNe ghaNe mulaka saMpAdAna karyo ane I. sa. 1767mAM lAhoramAM potAnI mukhya jage ThasavI. mahArAjA raNajItasiMha I. sa. 1809mAM laheranI gAdIe beTho hato. tenA vakhatamAM zIkhela ke ghaNI prabaLatA meLavI. raNajItasiMhe phrenca tathAM ITAlIana lekane potAnI nokarImAM rAkhI potAnA lokane adha kaLAmAM vadhAre pravINa karyA. zIkhaka eTalA badhA jorAvara thaI paDyA ke zIkharAjA raNajItasiMha sAthe aMgrejoe dastI karI,

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(22) paMjAbamAM tophAna thayuM. A veLA IMgrejo bahu khahAdurIthI laDyA ane jaya pAmyA. chevaTa IMgreje I. sa. 1849nA mArca mahinAmAM lAhAranA sIkha rAjA dulIpasiMhanex penasana bAMdhI ApI paMjAba deza khAlasA karyA. I. sa. 1848mAM satArAno mahArAjA ApAsAheba saMtAna vagara maraNa pAmavAthI tenuM rAjya khAlasAkaryuM ane tenA dattaputra rAjArAmane pacAsa hajAra rUpIcyAnuM penasana bAMdhI ApyuM. i. sa. 1857nA DIsembaramAM nAgapuranuM rAjya vArasa vagaranuM thavAthI tene khAlasA karyuM. eja sAlamAM hiMdusthAnamAM relave bAMdhavAnI pahela thaI tathA baMgALA lAko TharAvI teno judo lekonenTa gavaranara harAvyA. ayodhAno navAba bahu kharAba rIte cAlato hato. teNe lAMcI A kAmadAro rAkhyA ane prajAne dAMDI paisA kaTAvavA mAMDyA jethI chevaTa IMgreja sarakAre e rAjya tA. 6 phevaraArI sane 1856nA roja khAlasA karyuM. tathA tyAMnA navAbane pakaDI kalakatAnA killAmAM keda rAkhyo. yeAdhAnA rAjyane khAlasA karyuM te vakhata teno vahIvaTa sarjemsa - TrAmane soMpyo hato ane tene cIpha kamIzanara evo darajo sthApyo hato. hiMdusthAnamAM i. sa. 1857mAM dezI phoje baLavA karyuM. e banAva itihAsa mATe bahu agayano che. baLavAnAM cinha prathama kalakatA pAsenA barAkapuramAM jaNAyAM. tyAMnI dezI palaTaNanA sIpAine kArTsa JApavA mAMDayAM te temaNe lIdhAM, nahi tethI temane nokarIthI dara kayA. A lokoe, te jyAM jyAM gayA tyAM bIjI palaTaNane uskerI, vaLI mIratamAM rIsAlAnA svAroe " kAryAMja " levAne nA pADavAthI temane kedanI zIkSAno hukama thayo ane temane kaida kayA; tethI bIje divase sAMje chAvaNInuM tamAma lazkara khaMDa karI uThayuM. temaNe potAnA uparI tathA khIjA je IMgrejo hatA temane goLIthI mAyA. tyAMthI te dilhI gayA mane tyAM temane bIjA seAkhatI maLI mAnyA. vaLI temane "" x phulIsiMha penasana laI IMglAMDamAM raheto hato tyAMthI te zImAnA mulakamAM nAzI goche. * navAbane 21200000 (bAralAkha)nuM penazana bAMdhI ApyuM hatuM.

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dilhIno nAmane pAdazAha bahAdurazAha maLI gayo. e badhAe maLI je je aMgrejo ane temanAM bairAM chokarAM hAtha AvyAM temane katala kayo. dhaNA mAsa sudhI dilahI baLavAnI mukhya jagA thaI paDI hatI. bIjA sthaLonI palaTaNe paNa A baMDakherone AvI maLI. dinapara dina baLavAne vega vadhato cAlyo. baMgALAnI tamAma chAvaNImAM baMDa jAgyAM ane aMgrejonI kApAkApI cAlI. lakhanoramAM paNa baMDa uThavuM ane tyAMnI chAvaNIne Igrejone gherI lIdhA. chelA bAjIrAva pezvAno dara putra nAnAsAheba kAnapuramAM baMDakhorone AgevAna thaI beTho hato. teNe i jene gheryA ane kahyuM ke jo tame tamAma dArUgaLa amAre svAdhIna karo te tamane sahIsalAmata alhAbAda javA daizuM. bIcArA duHkhamAM perAelA Igrejoe te vAta kabula karI te paNa kucha nAnAe temane mArI nAMkhyA. aMgrejonAM parAM chokarAM jemane nAnAe keda kIdhAM hatAM temane DAvavA janarala hevaloka kAnapura Avyo. A veLA nAnA ane hevahevaloka vacce laDAI thaI temAM nAnAnI hAra thavAthI khIjavAIne tA. 15 julAI sane 1857 nA roja te niraaparAdhI abaLAo tathA khacAMno ghAta karyo. have baMDa samAvavAne cotaraphathI madada AvavA mAMDI. prathama kanaila nIla alahAbAda ane kAzI gayo. teNe tyAM baMDa zAMta pADavAne IlAje karavA mAMDyA. phatehapuramAM janarala hevaloka hAra pAmyo paNa tyAra pachInI bIjI be laDAIomAM chata pAmyo. hevaloka tyAMthI kAnapura gayo. tyAM nAnAsAheba laDavAne sAme thayo paNa temAM tenI hAra thavAthI te po te bIyaranA potAnA killAmAM jato rahyo hevaloka bIpura ga eTale nAnAsAheba tyAMthI nA. A veLA hevale ke tene mahela bALyo. ane bIpurano killo kabaje karyo. tyAMthI te lakhanAra go. tene adhA ane lakhanAra vacce ThekANe ThekANe baMDakhoro sAthe yuddha karavAM paDyAM. te lakhanora paho eTale baMDakho khazI gayA; paNa TheTha chAvaNImAM 5hecatAM turata karna ne nIla marAyo. lakhanoranA bacAva pachI sara jemsa aTAmAM tyAMnA lazkarI mukhya adhikArI thaIne rahyo. thoDA divasamAM dilhImAMthI phIturIone khaseDI te zahera kabaje karyuM. dilhIno nAmano baMDakhora pAdazAha nAzI gayo hato tene kapatAna hakasane pakaDI 3 kI.

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(24) bIje divase tene be zAhajAdAone tathA eka zAhajAdAnA beTAne keda kIdhA. te, pAcho pharI potAnAM thoDAM mANasane sAthe lai zaheramAM AvatAM daravAjAnI pAse Avelo eTale loko bhegA thaI gayA ane pelA rAja kuMvarane choDAvavA vicAra karavo paNa teTalAmAM A amaladAre zAhajAdAone potAnI pastolathI kera mA. chevaTa pAdazAhane dezanikAla karI raMgunamAM rAkhe. sara srojhanI saradArI nIce je lazkara baMDakhone vaza karavA nIkaLyuM hatuM, teNe baMDakhomAMnA tAta ATopIne baTavA nadInI pAse harAvyo. tAtIo tyAMthI vAlIara tarapha gaye eTale siMdhI A mahArAjA Agre jatA rahyA. sara yurojha gvAlIara gayo ane tyAMthI paNa tene nasADyo. jhAMsInI rANI paNa baMDamAM bhaLI hatI. te laDatAM raNamAM paDI. A baLavAno prakAza mahIkAMThA ane amadAvAda tarapha thayo hato. paNa te nAno hato tethI turata samI gayo. AthI karIne IsTa InDIA kaMpanInA hAthamAMthI hiMdanuM rAjya che. glAMDanI mahArANI vikaTorIyAe laIne sarva sattA pote dhAraNa karI. A bAbata tA. 1lI naveMbara sane 186nnA roja hiMdanAM mukhya mukhya zaheromAM jAheranAmAM prasiddha thayAM. A baMDa vakhata aMgrejonI je bahArI jhaLakI AvI tethI te phAnI leka zAMta paDI gayA ane tyAra pachI kharUM kahIe to hidanI aMdaranA bhAgamAM laDAIo sabaMdhI kaMI paNa nAmAMkita banAva banyo nathI.AvA nirbhaya vakhatamAM sarakAre paNa keTalAMka loka kalyANanAM kAma kIdhAM che. mahArANIno zAhajAdo AlaDa I. sa. 1869mAM hiMdustAnanI musApharIe AvyuM hatuM ane va zAhajAde prinsaopha velsa I. sa. 1875 mAM hiMdanI musApharIe Avyo hato. tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877nA roja mahArANI vikTorIAe hiMdane mATe kesahiMda" e pada dhAraNa karavuM. mahArANI vikaTorIAe salAha saMpathI pacAsa varasa rAja karyuM tenI khuzAlImAM tA. 16 phebaravArI sane 1887nA roja "jyubIlI nAmano mahotsava hiMdusthAnamAM tha hato. A vakhata hiMdanA rAjA rajavADAMe dhaNA dharmanAM ane lokapogI kAma karI mahArANI taraphano premabhAva batAvI Apyo che.

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(25) haidrAbAda. A rAjya haidrAbAda athavA nijAmanuM rAjya e nAmathI, temaja rAjakartA nijAmanA khitAbathI oLakhAya che. ane te aphagAna jAtanA paThANa musalamAna che. sImA-A rAjyanI cAre bAju IgrejI mulaka AvI rahela che. A rAjyanI uttare khAna deza, madhya prAMta IlAkAno sAgara prAMta ane narmadA kAMThAno mulaka; purve nAgapura* saMsthAna tAbe mulaka hato te, dakSiNe bhadrA IlAko ane pazcime muMbaI IlAkAnA nAsika, ahamadanagara, selApura, belagAma ane dhAravADa jIllA che. - A rAjyane vistAra 80000 corasa mAIla jamIna ane bIrArano je mulaka Igrejone se pelo che tenuM kSetraphaLa 18000 corasa mAIla che. kule A rAjyanuM kSetraphaLa 48000 corasa mAIla che. vastI Azare 100 000 00 (eka karoDa) ane bIzaramAM Azare ra000000 (chavIsa lAkha) mANasanI che. vArazIka upaja bIrAranA rAjya sudhAM 40000000 (cAra karoDa)ne Azare thAya che temAM Azare rU.10000000 eka karoDa) bIrAranI upajanA che. A rAjya 1darAnA rAjya karatAM vistAramAM 11 gaNuM, vastImAM pa dhaNuM ane vArasIka pedAzamAM bamaNuM che. dezanuM svarUpa-A deza eka moTuM sapATa medAna che to paNa temAM koI koI ThekANe nAnA nAnA DuMgaro che. A dezanI UMcAI samudranI *nAgapura e bhAMsalA kuLanA mareThA mahArAjAnA tAbAmAM hatuM. I. sa. 1853mAM chello rAjA aputra maraNa pAmavAthI nAgapuranuM rAjya Igreja sarakAre khAlasA karyuM. jyAre A rAjya khAlasA karyuM, tyAre tenI sImA nIce mujaba hatI-uttare sAgara prAMta, kAryA nAmanA dezI lokanuM saMsthAna, pUrve IMgrejI saMbalapura ane udepura tathA baMgALA IlAkAnI narUtya koNanAM keTalAMka eka saMsthAna; nirUtya ane pazcime haidrAbAdanuM rAjya; tathA dakSiNe madrAsa ilAkAnA prAMta. e saMsthAnanuM kSetraphaLa 76400 corasa mAIla jamInanuM hatuM. hAla te gavAranara janaralanI nIcenA eka cIpha kamIzanaranA tAbAmAM che. e amaladAra madhya prAMtono cIka kamIzanara kahevAya che ane tenuM heDakavATara nAgapuramAM che.

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(2) sapATIthI 300 thI te 800 phuTa sudhInI che. dezano uttAra ghaNuM karIne pazcima taraphathI te pUrva tarapha che. A dezanA cAra moTA bhAga athavA prAMta karavAmAM AvyA che. temAM dakSiNa bhAgamAM haidrAbAda, madhya bhAgamAM bedara, vAvyakoNamAM auraMgAbAda ane uttara bhAgamAM varADa prAMtache. na -1 godAvarI, e nadI ahamada nagara jIllAmAMthI AvI mugI AgaLa praveza kare che, tathA te A dezamAM thaIne pUrva dizA tarapha kuturA AgaLa thaI oDhIA dezamAM jAya che. A nadIne purNa tathA dudhanA e be nadIo bhegI thaIne vyAvyakoNa taraphathI AvI maLe che. vaLI tyAMthI pUrvamAM 85 mAIla gayA pachI tene dakSiNa taraphathI mAMjarA nAmanI nadI AvI maLe che. ane tyAMthI agADI pUrva tarapha jatAM ra00 mAila upara kulezvara gAma pAse uttara taraphathI prANahitA nadI AvI maLe che. 2 vardhA e nadI devagaDha najIkanA DuMgaramAMthI nIkaLI gadrA gAma pAse AvI A dezamAM praveza kare che, tyAMthI agnikoNa tarapha 70 mAIla gayA pachI pazcima taraphathI tene pena gaMgA nAmanI nadI AvI maLe che, ane tyAMthI agnikoNa tarapha 10 mila gayA pachI tene utara taraphathI vAina gaMgA nAmanI nadI AvI maLe che A ThekANethI te prANahitA nAma dhAraNa karI upara kahyA pramANe kulezvara AgaLa ge delAne maLe che; vadhI athavA prANahitA e nadI A deza tathA nAgapuranI sarahada upara che; kaSNA e nadI pazcime belagAma jIllA taraphathI AvI A dezamAM praveza kare che tyAMthI IzAna koNa tarapha jatAM tene vAvyakoNa taraphathI bhimA nadI AvI maLe che tyAMthI agnikoNa tarapha gayA keDe 83 mA * varADa e prAMta najAma sarakAranI mAlakIna che paraMtu I.sa. 1853mAM nijAma sarakAre te aMgreja sarakArane evI sarane Apyo ke haidrAbAdanA rAjayanA rakSaNa mATe aMgrejI lazkara e rAjyamAM rahe A prAMta haidrAbAdanA rAjayano uttara bhAga che. tenuM kSetraphaLa 18000 corasa mAIla jamIna ane vastI Azare 2500000 (chavIsa lAkha) mANasanI che. dekAvAdanA resIDenTanI sattA nIce ahiM eka aMgreja adhikArI rahe che, ane te vahivaTa kare che. A prAMtamAM mukhya zahera elIcapura che tathA te zivAya umarAvatI, akolI, zrI AgAma ane karIgAma visare che;

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Ila upara dakSiNa taraphathI tuMgabhadrA AvI maLe che, tyAMthI IzAna koNa tarapha 125 mAIla sudhI gayA pachI uttara taraphathI muzI nadI AvI maLe che ane tyAMthI 60 mAIla pUrvamAM gayA pachI A deza choDI sIkorsa prAMtamAM jAya che; 4 gabhadrA enuM muLa masura dezamAM che. tyAMthI A dezanI agnikoNa taraphanI sImA AgaLa AvI tyAMthI ra00 mAIla sudhI A dezanA dakSiNa simADA upara cAlI kaSNA nadIne maLe che, A sivAya bIjI nAnI nadIo tathA sarovara ghaNuM che; pAkhalamAM eka moTuM sarovara che, teno gherAvo 30 mAIlano che. havA-A dezanI havA ghaNI sArI che. unALAmAM garamI sAdhAraNa he che. paraMtu rAtre TADha ghaNuM ane bapore tApa ghaNuM paDe che. varasAda ghaNuM karIne sAdhAraNa vase che. jamIna tathA nipaja--A dezanI jamIna ghaNuM karIne sAdhAraNa pAkavALI che. jyAM nehathI pANI pAvAmAM Aveche tyAM pAka ghaNo sAro thAya che. mukhya nipaja-DAMgara, ghauM, bAjarI, juvAra, makAI, nAgalI, tala, divelI, kaThoLa, kapAsa, gaLI ane zeraDInI thAya che. koI koI ThekANe tamAkunI paNa ropaNI thAya che ane begIcAmAM ghaNI jAtanAM phaLa, phula tathA zAka bhAjI vigere thAya che janAvara-garavALA bhAgamAM vAdha, cItrA, rIMcha ane sAbara heyache. A dezanA baLada, bheMzA, gAyo vigere Dhora sArAM vakhANAya che. kArIgarInI jaNase-uttaramAM jAlanA zaheranAM resamI kApaDa ane maMjIrA nadI para bedara che tyAMnAM sonA rUpAnI kArIgarInAM tathA pItaranAM vAsaNa sArAM thAya che. loka-A dezamAM musalamAna, mareThA, telaMgA, ane gAMDa jAtanA loka vase che. musalamAno hedrAbAdamAM ghaNAM che. temAMnA ghaNA kharA rAjyanI nokarImAM paDelA che. ghaNu karIne pazcima bhAgamAM mareThA ane agnikoNanA bhAgamAM telaMga ane IzAnakoNanA bhAgamAM geDa lakanI vastI che. A dareka lokanI bhASA temanI kta pramANe judI judI eTale mareThI, telaMgI, kAnaDI ane geDa bhASA hoya che. relave haidrAbAdathI galabaragA sudhInI relave lAIna che. e lAIna muMbAIthI madrAsa sudhI bAMdhelI relavene galabarane AgaLa maLe che. vaLI muMbAIthI nAgapura sudhInI je relave lAIna che te varADa prAMtamAM thaine

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( 20 ) jAya che. enI be zAkhAomAMnI eka baMgAu ane bIjI umarAvatI zahera sudhInI che. mukhya zahero--haidrAbAda e A dezanI rAja gAdInuM mukhya sthaLa che. te muzInadInA dakSiNa kinArA para che. A zahera moTuM ane suMdara bAMdhaNInuM che. tenI pAse 6 mAIlane che. govaLakAMThAnAM junAM khaMDero che, je agAu gavaLakAMDAnA rAjyanI rAjagAdInuM zahera hatuM. DuMgaramAMthI kotarI kADhelAM DerAne mATe IlA prakhyAta che. cAlukya vaMzanA rAjAonI rAjadhAnI kalyANanagara bedaranI pAse hatuM ema kahevAya che. haidrAbAdanI pUrve varaMgula che, te telaMgaNanI rAjagAdInuM zahera hatuM. zivAya sikaMdarAbAda, auraMgAbAda, jApharAbAda, dolatAbAda, jAlana, bedara, varaMgula, nimaLA, nAMdeDa, citura, ane vaLakAMDA vigere maTAM zaheze che jemAMnA gevaLakAMDAmAM eka majabUta killo che. temAM nijAma sarakArano khajAno rahe che. A zaheranA hirA ghaNA prasiddha che. haidrAbAda pAse eka chagrejI chAvaNI che, temAM aMgrejI lazkara ane resIDenTa rahe che. A rAjyanuM poakhAtuM nijama sarakAra taraphathI IlAyadu cAle che. relavemAM eka karoDa trIsa lAkha rUpIA kharaca thayA che. muMbAIthI makAza sudhInI je relave lAIna che te uparanA mahamarIthI te dudhanInA relave sTezana sudhInI 131 mAilanI lAina haidrAbAdanA mulakamAM che. vaLI e lAIna tAvADI sTezanathI te haidrAbAda upara thaIne vara gula sudhInI eka ra00 mAIlanI lAIna che, teni jAmasTeTa relavenA nAmathI oLakhAya che. A sivAya talApurathI bhusAvaLa vaccenI je lAIna che, teno ghaNo bhAga A rAjyanA tAbAnA varADa prAMtamAM che. e lAIne e prAMtano vAra" nagAnathI te dhamAnagAna sudhI 171 mAIlano bhAga rokyo che. A badhI maLIne A rAjyanA mulakamAM 510 mAIlanI relave lAIna che. itihAsa_haidrAbAdanA rAja ka "nijAma"nI pathiI oLakhAya che. temanA vaDIla turka jAtanA musalamAna saradAra cInakIlIkhAna nAme thaI gayA. temane dilhIne pAdazAha auraMgajene "asaphajAha athavA nijAmaulamuzkanA khitAba sAthe dakSiNanA subedAranI padi ApI hatI. I. sa. 1707mAM auraMgajebanA maraNa pachI bahAdurazAha, te pachI jahAMdArazAha ane tenA pachI I. sa. 1713mAM pharUkhaziyara pAdazAha tho. e pAdazAha thayo paNa saiyada husena alI ane saiyada abadullA e be bhAI potAnI marajI pramANe rAjakArabhAra karavA lAgyA. eka bhAI mukhya

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( 20 ) vachara banyo ane bIjo bhAI senApati thayo; tethI temanA sAme cAra saradAro thayA hatA. jemAMnA nijAmaulamuka asepha jAha ane sAdAkhAMe saiyadane pata kayA nahi. I. sa. 1718mAM mahamadazAha pAdazAha tha, tenA vakhatamAM nijAmaulamuka asepha jAha vajIra thaze. paraMtu te ghaNe vakhata dilhImAM nahi rahetAM dakSiNamAM jaI pAdazAhI pada dhAraNa karyA vagara I. sa. 1724mAM Apa apIAre amala karavA lAgyo. mALavAne subo paNa temanAM tAbAmAM hato; paraMtuM pahelA bAjIrAva pezvA ane malAvarAve holakare dilhInA subA (prAMta) kabaje karavA mAMDyA. te pramANe mALavA paNa temaNe kabaje karyo. eTale nijAma haidrAbAdamAM potAnuM mukhya sthaLa karIne rahyA. A jagAe rahIne mareThAo sAthe temane ghaNI laDAI laDavI paDI. I. sa. 1744mAM temanuM maraNa thayuM. te vakhata narmadAthI te trIcInA palI ane machalIpaTTaNathI te bIjApura sudhIno mulaka temanA tAbAmAM hato. nijAmaulamulpha asepha jAhane 1 gAuddIna, 2 nAsIrajaMgIradelA, 3 salAbatapaMga, 4 nijAmaalI, 5 mahamadasarIpha ane 6 mIra mogalakhAna, e rIte cha zAhajAdA ane cha zAhajAdIo hatI. AmAMnA vaDA gAudInane amIrUla umarAvanI padi dilhImAM hatI tethI bIjA zAhajAdA nAsirapaMga haidrAbAdamAM gAdIe beThA. paraMtu temanI benanA beTA mujaphara jaMgane gamatuM AvyuM nahi ane teNe gAdIne mATe baLavo uThAvyo. tene karNATakanA subAno jamAI caMdA sAheba tathA pAMderInA kenya loka sahAya thayA. A tarapha nAsirapaMganI madadamAM Igreja thayA. baMne vacce laDAIno AraMbha thayo. paraMtu mujapharajaMganA lazkaranA nya saradAra kaMIka kAraNasara rIsAIne jatA rahyA tethI te I. sa. 1750mAM nAsirajaMgane zaraNe Avyo ane caMdA sAheba pAMcarI jato rahyo. nAsirajaMge mujapharajaMgane beDI jaDI kedamAM rAkhyo. nijAma nAsira jaMga ALazu tathA vilAsI hato. tenA moTA lazkara upara 300 ke humalo karyo ane nijAmanAM 1000 mANasane mAryA. have phrenyanA gavaranara duplIe nAsirapaMga sAthe salAhanI bolI calAvI ane jaMcha killo laIne ane laDAinuM kAma jorathI calAvIne temanI pAse te kabula karAvyuM. nijAme tahanAmA upara sahI karI nahi. eTale duplInA kahevA uparathI

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( 30 ) pahANee bo karIne nAsirapaMgane mArI nAkhyo tathA mujapharajaMgane kedamAMthI kahADI haidrAbAdanI gAdI para besADyo. tene paNa pelA paThANoe prANa lI. have e nijAmaulamuka asepha jAhanA trIjA zAhajAdA sabAbata jaMgane gAdIe besADyo. A khabara sAMbhaLI tene vaDe bhAI gAudIna ke je dilhImAM hato teNe haidrAbAdanuM rAjya paDAvI levA dakSiNa tarapha svArI karI. paraMtu tenA auraMgAbAdamAM AvyA pachI I. sa. 175ramAM koIe tene jhera daIne mA. e salAbata jaMgane gAdIe besADyA pachI te lokanuM vajana haidrAbAdanA darabAramAM vizeSa hatuM. salAbatapaMga upara te loko moTo upakAra thayo hato ane khuzI nAme phrenca saradAra temanI phojamAM dAkhala thayo hato. tathA te vakhate vakhata ghaNuM kimatI madada Apato hato, tethI nijAme tene machalIpaTaNathI te jagananAthapurI sudhI traNa kesa lagIno mulaka bakSisa Apo hato. phrenca leka teTalA bhAganA dhaNI thayA. paNa phrenca ane IMgrejo vacce laDAI saLagI. khuzIe bahu bahAdurI karI, paraMtu te aMgrejonA hAthamAM pakaDAyo. A vakhata pachIthI khuzInI jagAe karnalaphalAnsa nImAyo hato. te paNa Imejo sAme laDa tAM che. 9 Disembara sane 1759nA roja hAryo. chevaTa phrenca laka - jene zaraNa thayA. A pramANe thavAthI ni jAmanA darabAramAM kencanI sattA paDI bhAgI tathA nijAme machalIpaTTaNa ane pharato ghaNuM mulaka grejone Apo. I. sa. 1756mAM bijApura prAMta salAbatajaMga pAsethI udagIranI laDAImAM pezvAe jItI lIdho hato. haidrAbAdanA darabAramAMthI jo saradAra khuzI gayA pachI I. sa. 1761mAM salAbata jaMgane padabhraSTa karI tenA bhAI nijAna alI haidrAbAdanI gAdIe beThA. AgaLa juo dilhInA pAdazAha pAsethI rAjamahekI, velura, mustaphAnagara, sIkAkola ane mutijhAnagara eTale saMtura e samudra kinArA paranA pAMca prAMta potAne mATe meLavavAne pharamAna maMgAvyuM. A vAta nijAmaalIne pasaMda AvI nahi tethI temaNe laDAInI taiyArI karI. e paNa rAmanA sAme lazkara mokalyuM. paraMtu A vakhata eTale I. sa. 165

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(31) mAM nijAma ane iMje vece salAha thaI. A salAhamAM ema karyuM ke upara batAvelA prAMto jene maLe paNa te badala Igreja sarakAra dara varase rUpIA sAta lAkha nijAmane Ape ane jarUra paDe tyAre lazkarI madada Ape. e pAMca prAMto hAla uttara sirakArane nAme oLakhAya che. gaMtura prAMta Ijane tAbe nahoto kemake te padabhraSTa nijAma salAbatajaMgane jAgIramAM Apyo hato. mahesUramAM tyAMnA hiMdu rAjAne uThADI mukI, haidaraalI nAmanA tenA nAyake rAjyane be adhikAra dhAraNa karyo hato. tene ane aMgrejone I. sa. 1761mAM laDAI saLagI. nijAmane nANAM ApavAthI te uMdaranA pakSamAM thayo. AthI aMgrejI lazkaranA saradAra karnalamIthane pAchu pharavuM pavuM eTaluM ja nahi paNa mahA mahA duHkha sahana karI, tene potAne prANa laI nAsavuM paDyuM. paraMtu pachavADethI eka laDAI thaI temAM haidara ane nijAmane nAsavuM paDayuM. nijAmaalIe phera Igrejo sAthe salAha karI. have aMgreja ane nijAma ane sarakAra vacce sneha cAlyA karyo. I. sa. 1782mAM salAbatajaMga maraNa pAmavAthI tenI jAgIrane saMtura prAMta AgalA karAra pramANe aMgrejoe mAgyo, te temane nijAmAlIe Apo. I. sa. 1794mAM nijAma ane marAThA vacce cotha bAbata kajIo thaze. baMne taraphanAM lazkara kharaDA pAse bhegAM thayAM, ane laDAI cAlI, paNa ekabIjAnI hArajIta nahi thavAthI te lazkara pota potAne ThekANe gayAM, paraMtu delatarAva siMdhionI madada mareThAone AvI pahecavAthI be divasa sudhI bhAre laDAI cAlI. mareThI laskara ghaNuM moTuM hovAthI, ane nijAmanI cAkarImAM IgrejI palaTano hatI te laDAImAM nahi AvavAthI, niAmanI hAra thaI, jethI mareThAne svArI kharaca badala rUpIA traNa karoDa rokaDA ane latAbAdano killo ane pAMtrIsa lAkhane mulaka Apavo paDyo. aMgrejI be palaTane nijAmanI cAkarImAM hatI, paraMtu jyAre nija mane mareDA sAthe laDavAne taiyAra thavuM paDayuM, tyAre aMgrejoe vicAra karyo ke baMne sAthe ApaNe dostI che tethI temanA aMdara aMdaranA kajIAmAM ApaNe bhAga levo nahi; tema dhArI pelI be palaTane nijAmanI sAthe gaI nahi. AthI nijAmane mAThuM lAgyuM ane temaNe

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( 32 ). aMgrejI palaTanone rajA ApI, tathA remanDa nAme eka phrenca saradArane cAkarImAM rAkhI, tene hAthe eka bahAra phenca phoja tathA tapakhAnuM teyAra karAvyuM. AgaLa nijAmanA zAhajAdA alI jAhe rAja sAme baMDa karyuM, tyAre temaNe IgrejI be palaTanane pAchI bolAvI. paraMtu prathamanI mAphaka nijAmanA darabAramAM kenca leka caDhIAtA gaNAyA. re mAMDa maraNa pAmyo te pachI, phrenca utaratA thaI paDyA, ane nijAma kera IgrejI cAra palaTano cAkarImAM rAkhI, tathA tenA kharacane mATe dara mahine be lAkha rUpIA ApavA kabUla karyuM. A vakhatathI phenca phojane rajA ApI. mahaisaramAM daraallInA maraNa pachI I. sa. 18ramAM tene beTo TIpu sulatAna gAdI upara beTho hato. teNe Igreja ane nijAma vigerenA mulaka upara uparA uparI humalA cAlatA rAkhyA, tethI Ileja ane nijAme saMpa karI TIpunA mulapara svArIo karavA mAMDI. TIpu kaMI namyu Ape tevo nahoto; paraMtuM eja ane nijAma e baMne rAjyanAM lazkara begAM thavAthI tA. 4 mAhe me sane 1799mAM TIpu marAyo, tathA tenA rAjyano cheDe Avyo. leDeveleslIe potAnA eka rIporTamAM lakhyuM che ke "nijAmaalInI puratI madada na hota to TIpunuM rAjya jItavuM e ghaNu muzkela hatuM." TIpu pAsethI je deza jItI lIva hato, temAMno keTalo eka bhAga mahesUrA hiMdu rAjA cAmarAjane haidare padabhraSTa karyo hato, tenA cha varasanA kuMvara krikSarAjane ApI tene mahesUranI gAdI para besADyo, tathA bAkInA prAMta Ije ane nijAme vaheMcI lIdhA. pazcima samudra kAMThe tathA koI mbatura ane nADa vigere prAMto temaja DuMgarI killA jenA bhAgamAM gayA ane teTalI ja upajanA gutI ane garamakaDA vigere prAMto nijAma nA tAbAmAM AvyA. nijAmanA. rAjya ane aMgrejo vacce tA. 1ramo akabara sane 1000nA roja eka navo karAra thayo. AthI igreje taraphanuM prathama hatuM te, tathA bIju vadhArIne 6000 dila, 9000 svAra ane te po eTalu lazkara rApavuM ema karyuM, tathA IgrejonI salAha vagara bIjA rAjya sAthe laDAI karavI nahi. A TharAvathI nijAmanA saghaLA zatruone baMdobasta karavAnuM kAma Igrejone sepyuM. A lazkarI kharaca badala TIpu pAsethI

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(33) agAu tathA hAlamAM je mulaka Avyo hato, te tamAma aMgrejone ApIne tuMgabhadrA nadI sudhInI sarahada mukarara karI. Aje phoja rAkhI te "hekabAda sabasIDarI"ne nAme oLakhAya che. I. sa. 1803mAM aMgrejo ane vADanA rAjA vacce laDAI cAlI. A laDAImAM nijAma sarakAre aMgrejone paNuM bhAre madada ApavAthI, varADanA rAjA pAsethI keTalo eka prAMta nijAma sarakArane apAvyo. ' nijAma alI I. sa. 1803nI sAlamAM 100 varasanI umare maraNa pAmyo. temane ATha zAhajAdA hatA. temane va alIkhAha I. sa. 179ramAM maraNa pAmyo hato, tethI bIje zAhajAdo sIkaMdarajAha gAdIe beTho. te rAjakAjamAM ghaNuM thoDuM samajato hato ane kevaLa phakIra jevo hovAthI tenA rAjyamAM ghaNuM aMdhera cAlavA mAMDayuM. I. sa. 1807mAM vachara mIraAlamanA muA pachI te hadapara tenA jamAI munIraulamuka nAmanA umarAvane nImyo hato. paraMtu hisAba vigere tapAsa tathA mulakI kArabhAra karavA mATe, aMgreja sarakAre nijAmanI marajI virUddha, caMdulAla nAmanA kAyasthane nImyo hato. A pramANe pharI IMgrejoe haidrAbAdanA rAjakArabhAramAM hAtha ghAlyo. caMdulAla ghaNe caMcaLa ane munIraulamulka garbhazrImaMta musalamAnonI cAla pramANe Unmata ane ALazu hato, tethI ghaNuM kharo kArabhAra caMdulAlanA hAthamAM Avyo. teNe aMgrejonI marajI pramANe phojanA nirvAhane mATe lAgA bAMdhI ApA, tethI karIne Igreja sarakAranI phoja pramANe nijAmanI phojano baM. dobasta thayo, ane tenI cokasAI resIDenTa karavA lAgyo. e phojanuM jera caMdulAlane AvyuM, tathA zatrunI athavA riyatanI bIka kaMI manamAM rahI nahi; ethI mulakI kArabhAramAM teNe ghaNI garabaDa tathA julama karavA mA. I. sa. 1817mAM pezvAnuM rAjya Igrejoe jItI lIdhuM. te vakhata sIkaMdarajahAMe lazkaranI ghaNI kImatI madada kIdhI hatI tenA badalAmAM 2426000nI upajano mulaka nijAma sarakArane maLyo. I. sa. 1820mAM haidrAbAdanA rAjyanI upaja rUpIA eka karoDa ane nava hajAranI hatI. caMdulAlano julamI kArabhAra levAthI zarUAtamAMja nijAmanA zAhajAdAoe caMdulAla tathA resIDenTanI sAthe virodha mAMDyo. paraMtu 5 www.unia

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(34). temane killA para caDAvI devAthI kaMI karI zakyA nahi. haidrAbAdanI sarakArane karaje rUpIA dhIrIne mulakopara varAta levI. tathA mAmalato karavI evI matalabe pAlamara nAma Igreje tyAM peDhI kADhI hatI, ane te kAmamAM gavaranara janaralanuM paNa anumata hatuM. te paNa te vAta karArathI ulaTI hatI mATe te peDhI tahithI uThADavI, tathA sarakAre teonuM devuM vALavA vize vacamAM paDavuM nahi. evuM I. sa. 1824mAM TharAvAthI te zAhukAre devALu kADhayuM. AthI ghaNA lokanuM nANu ghalAyuM nijAma sIkaMdarajAha hatA. tA.24mI sane 1828 nA roja maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI temanA vaDAzAhajAdA nAsIraudAlA gAdIe beThA rAjakArabhAra caMdulAla calAvato hato, ane mulakamAM IjArAthI mAmalate rAkhavI, tathA khajAnAmAM sIlIka nahi rAkhavI, ityAdI rIta pramANe te kArabhAra calAvato hate. caMdulAla marI gayo, paraMtu Aje paNa tenA kArabhArane mATe leko tene yAda kare che ane haidrAbAda e "caMdulAlavALu haidrAbAda" e nAmathI oLakhAya che. I. sa. 1838 mAM haidrAbAdamAM nijAmanA eka bhAIe baMDa karyuM ane teno prakAza AkhA dezamAM thayo hato. paraMtu jaladIthI baMdobasta karI, tene gevaLakaDAnA killAmAM laI jaI keda kI. e baMDanI madadamAM karnalanA navAbe tene laDAI sabaMdhI sAmAna puruM pADyo hato, tethI te navAbanuM saMsthAna aMgreja sarakAre japta karyuM. munIraulamulka pachI I. sa. 1843 mAM tene beTosirAja ulamulka haidrAbAdano divAna thayo hato. I. sa. 1800 mAM nijAmaallIe aMgrejo sAthe karAra kIdho hato ke 6000 pedala 8000 svAranuM lazkara laDAinI veLAne mATe rAkhavuM. I. sa. 1807mAM eTale nijAmasIkaMdarAha nA vakhatamAM evo baMdobasta thayo hato ke upalI matalabasara nijAma sarakAre eka moTI phoja hamezane mATe rAkhavI. ne phoja ubhI karavA tathA calAvavAnuM kAma aMgrejane sepavuM ane tenA kharaca upara kAMIka vyAjane hisAbe sane 1853 mAM rU 50 lAkha aMgrejonA nijAma pAse leNA nIkaLyA. kharacanI vIgata kepaTanajaranA graMthamAMthI evI nIkaLI ke dara varase te phoja pAchaLa nijAma sarakArane Azare 40 lAkha rUpIA thatA hatA. te lazkaramAM 100 yuropIana amaladAro hatA ane temanoja mAtra daramAse 280 hajArane kharaca hatuM. e lakara grejane

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(35) to mAtra laDAimAMja vAparavAnuM hatuM; paNasane 1820 pachI laDAi nahi thavAthI, te kheDu rahyuM. ane temAM nijAmane phegaDha 13 karoDa rUpIA kharaca thayo hato. A devAne lIdhe sane 1853 mAM navA kolakarAra thayA jethI upaluM haidrAbAda kaMTIjuM TanuM lazkara dhaTADIne 5000 pedaLa tathA 2000 dhoDe svAra, temaja cAra kharerInuM kharaca rAkhyuM. AthI prathama je 40 lAkhanuM vArasika kharca hatuM, te ghaTADIne 24 lAkhanuM rAkhyuM. caDhelA pagAra cukAvavAne ane pachI te ceAvIza lAkhano vArasika kharaca niyamasara maLyo jAya, tenI bAMyadharImAM A rAjyano kuLadrupa prAMta +varADa IMgrejasarakArane ApavAne kolakarAra thayA. mA khanAvane lIdhe haidrAbAda zeharanI tamAma musalamAna prajA, temaja amIra umarAvo ane darabArImA nArAja thayA. A vakhata khajAno khAlI hatA. vasulAta sarakArI amaladArA taraphathI udharAvAmAM AvatI naheAtI, paNa ijAradArane ijAre mApavAmAM AvatI hatI; tethI tegmA atizaya khaLAtkArathI raiyatane nIcovatA hatA. peAlIzano kha dAkhasta nahoto, tethI rAjyamAM jyAM joie tyAM dhoLe divase cha cAka lUMTa cAlatI hatI,vepAra paDIbhAgyeA hato. nyAyanuM to nAmaja na maLe. vadhAre paisA mApanArane kAjI inasAk vecAto mApato hato. garIkhanI dAda ane rigmAda koi sAMbhaLatuM nahatuM, lazkarI sIpAinA pagAra badala, je jamAdAre te jAgIro ApelI, te jamAdA2A jAgIrAnI upaja peAtAnA khajAnAmAM bharatA mane sIpAi bhUkhe maratA. rAjyano nAno ke moTA amaladAra lAMca ke baLAtkArathI jema jene phAve tema peAtAnuM ghara bharavAne mathana karato. amaladArAmAM eka bIjAmAM aMdara aMdara kusaMpa cAlato, ane nijAmasAheba to janAnAnI khaTapaTa zivAya kAMija jANatA nahAtA. zmAvA vakhatamAM eTale tA. 27mI me sane 1853 nA rAja divAnasirAja ula mulka maraNa pAmyo. tenA maraNa pachI teno bhatrIjo keMsara sAlAra jaga divAna thayo. sarasAlArjaMgane divAnagIrI maLyA pachI teNe potAnI hiMmata ane buddhi baLathI rAjyamAM sudhAro karavA mathana karavA mAMDayuM. prathama +varADa prAMtanI vasulamAMthI kharaca khAda jatAM je khAkI vadhe te saghaLAno hIsAba batAvInijAma sarakArane havAle karavAno TharAva thayeA hato.

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(36). nijAmanA nokaronA pagAra sarerAza kamI karyo. polIza khAtAne tejadAra banAvyuM. ane potAnA jAta bhAInuM rAjya che ema samajI Araba ane rohIlA loko paradezathI AvI vasyA, tathA vAraMvAra baMDa uThAvI lUMTa karatA, temane tema karatAM aTakAvyA. paraMtu sudhAro ane rAjyamAM zAMtIne sArU thatA e saghaLA pheraphAro amIra umarAvone pasaMda AvyA nahi ane tethI teo sarasAlA jaMganA pAkA duzmana thaI paDyA. te leke nijAma nAsiraudelAne paNa bhaMbha. AthI sarasAlArage potAnA hedAnuM rAjInAmu ApavAne jaNAvyuM. have nijAmanuM cita ThekANe AvyuM, ane teNe tene potAnI marajI pramANe kArabhAra karavAnI paravAnagI ApI. sarasAlArajaMganA sArA kArabhArathI thoDI mudatamAM rAjyamAM temaja dezamAM ghaNuM sudhArA dAkhala thayo; eTaluM ja nahiM paNa rAjyanuM vasula vadhyuM ane lokanA jAna mAlanI salAmati sacavAvA lAgI. I. sa. 1856-57mAM hiMdamAM baLavo thayo ane teno prakAza cAre dizAmAM thayo hato. A dezamAM moTAmAM moTuM dezI rAjya haidrAbAdanuM hatuM. e rAjyamAM baLavo saLage te tenI jhALa uttaramAM muMbAI, dakSi mAM madrAzanA jhAMpA sudhI pahocyA vagara rahe nahi ema hatuM. e pradeza tarapha rahenArA aMgrejono saghaLo AdhAra nijAma ane tenA divAna sarasAlArajaMganA ImAna upara hato. e aNI para AvelA prasaMge muMbAIne gavarare haidrAbAdanA resIDenTane evA avasyano tAra karyo ke "nijAma je kho te sarvasva gayuM." paNa nijAma sarakAre aMgrejonI ghaNI kImatI sevA bajAvI. e samaye nijAne potAnA ImAnane jAgRta rA khyuM. uttara hiMdusthAnamAM aMgrejI rAjya sAme baLavo jAmyo che, ema samajIne haidrAbAdanA loka ghaNA vipharyA, paraMtu temane vaza karyo. keTalAka leka resIDenTa upara humalo karyo, temane pakaDI yogya zikSA kIdhI. ane lazkarI Arabo, je sarasAlArajaMgane pUrNa rIte anukuLa hatA, temano zaheramAMnI judI judI cokIo para majabuta pahero rAkhI evo uttama barobasta karyo ke e musalamAna zaheranI kaMTIjaMTa phejane phAlatuM pADI aMgrejone madada ApavAne taiyAra thayA. A prasaMge divAna sarasAlArjaganI loko ghaNI nIMdA karavA lAgyA, paraMtu teNe te lokone pata karyA nahiM. keTalAka loka sAlArajaMgane katala karavA prayana kI paNa temanI yukti bara AvI nahi.

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(37). AvA baLavAnA amalamAM eTale I. sa. 1857mAM nijAma nAsirIdelA maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene zAhajAde aphajulaulA gAdIe beThA; paraMtu cAlatA baLavAno bArIka vakhata hovAthI, divAna sarasAlArajaMge zahera ane dezamAM samAdhAnI rAkhI. eka moTA aMgrejI adhikArIe lakhyuM che ke e taravAranI dhAra upara cAlavAnA prasaMge nijAmanA divAnasarasAlA jaMge nijAmanA rAjya taraphathI Igreja sarakAra prate bajAvelI sevA amulya hatI. kAraNa ke je te aMgreja sarakAra sAthe ImAna ane ItabArathI va na heta te, hiMdusthAnamAM IgrejI rAjyanuM zuM thAta te vize kahetAM saMdeha rahe che." nijAma ane temanA divAna sarasAlAja ganI Igreje prate bajAvelI sevA pIchAMnI, Igreja sarakAra taraphathI lADakanIge I. sa. 1859 mAM nijAmane eka zAbAzI bharelo kAgaLa lakhyo tathA bIje varase rUpIA eka lAkha nijAmane bakSiza ApA. sahAparanuM saMsthAna ane rAyacAra tathA dhArasIAnAM pragaNAM aMgrejonA hAthamAM hatAM te nijAma sarakArane havAle karyo. rU50 lAkhanuM karaja mAMDI vALyuM. ane chelle nAmadAra mahArANI taraphathI nijAma aphadalaudelA tathA temanA divAna sarasAlAra jaMgane "sTAra ephaDIA"nA khitAba ApA; te uparAMta rU30 hajAra sarasAlArajaMgane bakSiza ApyA hatA. baLavo samyA pachI sarasAlAja ge rAjyakArabhAramAM sudhAro karavAne pAchI zarUAta karI. A kAmanI ADe bIjA amIra umarAvo AvyA. nijAma kAcAkAnanA hevAthI te lokanuM jora phAvyuM. temaNe sarasAlArajagane divAnanA hodA uparathI khaseDavAne navA navA prapaMca re. A. i. sa. 1861 mAM nijAma aphajula ulAne pelA lokoe samajAvyuM ke je sarasAlArajaMgane divAna pada parathI khaseDavAne Igreje resIDenTa karnala DevIDasanane puchaze to te nA pADaze nahi. temane eka eka yuropIana mADamane sArAM vastra paherAvIne nijAmanI bheTa karavA teDI lAvyo, ane te resIDenTa karnala DevIDasana sAhebanI strI che, evuM kahI tenA mukhathI nijAmane evI rIte kahevaDAvyuM ke "sarasAlArajaMgane divAnagIrI uparathI dUra karavAnI vAta je Apa mArA svAmI AgaLa kahADache te, te pramANe karavAne te potAnI maMjurI Apazeja." nijAmate

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(38) A vAta pasaMda paDI. teNe pelI maDamane sirapAva ApI vidAya karI. pachI resIDenTa karnala DevIDasanane bolAvI, tenI AgaLa e vAta kahADI. te sAMbhaLI te amaladAra ghaNuM Azcarya pAmyo ane tucchakAra sAthe te vAta kabula kIdhI nahi. resIDenTano uttara sAMbhaLI nijAma pastAyA ane thoDA divasa pachI temanI khAtrI thaI ke temane pelA khaTapaTIAoe bhamAvyA che. pachI te strI koNa hatI ane tene nijAmanI haju2mAM koNa lAvyuM tathA kevI rIte bheTa karAvI e saghaLuM tarakaTa bahAra paDI AvyuM. khIjavAelA amIra umarAvo eka taraphathI A pramANe tarakaTa racatA ane bIjI taraphathI sarasAlArajaMgano nAza karavA IcchatA hatA. resIDenTa kanala DevIDazananI badalI thavAthI te haidrAbAda , cheDIne javAno hato tethI te ane sAlArajaMga eka bIjAnA hAtha pakaDI kaMI rAjakIya bAbato vize vAtacIta karyA cAlyA jatA hatA evAmAM eka vipharelA paThANe temanA tarapha baMdukanI geLI phekI, paNa te nIzAnI cukavAthI baMne jaNa bacI gayA. paraMtu te paThANa bahu jozamAM hato tethI ba. kane paDatI mukI talavAra kheMcI temanA upara ghusyo, eTalAmAM pAsenA mANasee tenA TukaDeTukaDA karI nAkhyA. nAmadAra mahArANI sAhebe sarasAlA jaMganI rAjya bhakatI joI, tene I. sa. 1864mAM che. sI.esa. AI. ne mAnavaMte khitAba Apyo. I. sa. 1867 mAM phera nijAma ane sarasAlArajaMga vacce kaMI vAM paDaze; AthI sarasAlArasaMge pitAnA hodAnuM rAjInAmu ApyuM. AthI dezI tathA aMgrejImAM ghaNe gabharATa pedA thayo hato. paraMtu sArA bhAgye te vAMdhe jaladI patI gayo. ane sarasAlArajaMga pAcho pitAnA hodA para Avyo. I.sa. 1868 mAM phera tene mAravAnuM kAvatarU thayuM. rAjyamahala tarapha jatAM rastAmAM koI caMDAle tenA upara goLIo phekI, paNa te bacI gayo. nAmadAra nijAma aphajulaulA tA. 27 phebruArI sane 1869 nA roja maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI temanA cAra varasanI bALavayanA zAhajAdA mIramahAbulaalI gAdIe beTho ane te hedrAbAdanA hAlanA rAja kartA che. nijAmanI peTI umara hevAthI te vakhatanA gavaranara janarala lArDa meyoe temanI lAyaka umara thatAM sudhI sarasAlArajaMgane

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(38) rAjyanA kula mukhatIAra banAvI kArabhAra karavA mATe, tenA hAtha nIce rajansI kAunasIla nImI, kharU jotAM sarasAlArajaMga nijAma jeTalI sattA pAmyo. paraMtu tethI chalakAI nahi jatAM gaMbhIra vicAra ane cAlAkIthI rAjya kArabhAra calAvyo. I. sa. 1853mAM nijAmanA rAjyanA rakSaNa mATe sikaMdarAbAdamAM je aMgrejI lazkara rAkhavA TharAva thaI, tenA kharaca badala varADane phaLa 65 prAMta nijAma sarakAra pAsethI aMgreja sarakAre sarasAlArajaMganA kAkA sIrAjaulamulkanA kArabhAra vakhata laI lIdho hato, te prAMta pAcho meLavavA sarasAlArajaMga rAta divasa vicAra karato hato. A kAma pAra pADavAne teNe aneka yuktiothI rAjyanI AbAdI tathA upajamAM sAro vadhAro karyo ane aMgrejI lazkaranuM kharaca vyAjamAMthI ApI zakAya e TalI sIlIka khajAnAmAM karI. te pachI teNe mavanara janarala lenAryabukane lakhyuM ke, je madadagAra lazkaranA kharaca badala varADa prAMta aMgreja sarakAre nijAmanA rAjyamAMthI lIve che, te lazkaranI jarUra have rahI hoya, ema jaNAtuM nathI; kemake nijAmanA mulakamAM sArI zAMtI pasarelI che. mATe e kharaca A rAjyane mAthethI kamI karavuM. ema chatAM kadApI Igreja sarakArane e lazkara rAkhavAnI jarUra jaNAtI hoya to tenuM kharaca A rAjyanI tIjorImAMthI ApIzuM, mATe amAro varADa prAMta amane pALe maLavo joIe-A matalabane khalI teNe gavaranara janarala tarapha mokalyo, paNa kaMIja uttara maLyo nahi, tyAre phera bIjIvAra e vize lakhyuM. A vakhata e javAba maLyo ke nijAma choTI umaranA che, mATe te pukha umaranA thaI rAjya sattA potAnA svAdhInamAM le tyAM sudhI e bAbata kaMI thaI zakaze nahi. ane pharIthI e vize lakhaze to tene uttara paNa maLaze nahi. AthI sarasAlArajaMga nirAza thayoM nahi. paNa taka Ave te vAta yAda karavA mulatavI rAkhyuM. I. sa. 1875 mAM mahArANanA vaDA zAhajAdA prInsa opha velsa A dezamAM mubAI AvyA. te vakhata nijAma sarakArane mulAkAta mATe AmaMtraNa thayuM hatuM, paraMtu te vakhata te nAmadAra sarakAranI tabIyata rasta nahi hovAthI, sarasAlArajaMga temane mubAI nahi mokalatAM pote prInsanI mulAkAta mATe mubAI gaye. A mulAkta vakhata prInsa opha

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( 40 ) vize sAlArajaMgane vilAata jevAne bhalAmaNa karI hatI, tethI I. sa. 1876 nA eprIla mAsamAM te vilAyata gayo ane saradharalenDane Dayuka je nAmadAra prInsa opha velsanI sAthe mubAI Avyo hato, ane jenI sAthe sAlAjaMgane sAro prema bAMdhAyo hato, tene cAM paroNA tarIke utaryA hato. IMglAMDamAM tene ghaNu sArU mAna maLyuM. khuda mahArANIe tenI mulAkAta laI khANuM ApyuM hatuM. ekasa phanI yunIvarasITIe tene "dAkatara opha dhasIvIla" nI padavI ApI hatI. ane laMDana zaheranA svataMtrapaNAnI bakSIza tyAMnA lAgatA vaLagatAoe karI. urDa sAlsabarI te vakhata, hiMdakhAtAne pradhAna hatA, tenI bheTa tene thaI hatI, je vabata varADa prAMta sabaMdhI pAchu prakaraNa calAvavAne teNe nAmadAra pradhAna sAhebanI paravAnagI meLavI. enAvilAyata javAnA saMbaMdhamAM ghaNuM karIne te varADa prAMta pAcho meLavavAnI peravI karavA sArU ga haze ema aTakaLa bAMdhI zakAya che. teNe vilAyatathI pAchA AvyA pachI e prakaraNa pAchu calAvyuM, ane lairDa lITananI viveza kapha najara teNe miLavI. IMglAMDathI pAchA AvatAM kAnsa dezanI rAjadhAnI pArIsamAM tene eka akasmAta thavAthI tenA pagane IjA thaI hatI; ane tenI jarA kheDa rahI hatI. mahArANIvakaTorIAe hidane mATe kesa rehi dano khitAba dhAraNa karyo, ane te bAbata lADalITane dilhImAM tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877 nA roja pAdasAhI darabAra bhayo hato. e darabAramAM AvavA mATe hiMdanA moTA moTA rAjA rANAone AmaMtraNa thayAM hatAM. bALarAjA nijAma mahAbula alIkhAnane paNa AmaMtraNa thayuM hatuM, tethI te pote ane temanI sAthe sarasAlAjaMga dilhI gayA hatA. A darabAra vakhata nijAma sarakArane IMglIza zahenasAhI vAvaTo ApavAno TharAva thayo, ane sasAlAjaMga tathA amIrIkabIra samasula umarAvane darekane 10 topanuM mAna maLavA TharAva thayo. nijAma sarakAranI vaDI aI (bApanI mA ) ne I. sa. 180mAM hidusthAnane mugaTa evo mAnavaMto khitAba maLyo hato. nijAma sarakAra cAlAka che ane temaNe paTana kalArka nAmanA eka aMgreja amaladAranA hAtha nIce abhyAsa karyo che, paNa temaNe pitAno ghaNekhara vakhata potAnI mA dAdInIsA begama ane dAdI dI. lAvArUnIsA begamanI sAthe kADhayo che.

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(41) eja sAlamAM (I. sa. 1877) sarasAlArajaMgano madadagAra (karIjaTe) gujarI gaye. tene ThekANe lADalITane vikAra vikAra ulaumarA nAmanA saradAranI nImanoka kIdhI. A saradAra cAra varasa pachI gujarI gayo te pachI te jagA para DarIpane bIjA mANasanI nInika nahi karatAM sarasAlArajaMga ekalAne kArabhAra karavAnuM TharAvyuM. sarasAlArajaMga potAnA rUDA kArabhArathI rAjA, prajA ane aMgreja sarakAra, e sarvane pyArA thaI paDyo hato. paraMtu tA. 8 phebruArI sane 1883nA roja kolerAnA marajathI maraNa pAmyo. sarasAlA jaMganuM maraNa thayuM te vakhata, nijAma mIra mahAbulAllIkhAnanI umara 18 varasanI thaI hatI, tethI aMgreja sarakAre bIjA koIne pradhAna nahi namatAM nijAma sarakAra potAnI rAja sattA thoDI mudatamAM svAdhIna le tyAM sudhI, rIjansI kAunasIla nImI, tenI mAraphata rAjaya vahIvaTa calAvavA nakkI karyuM. navI vyavasthAmAM sarasAlArajaMganA vaDA beTA sAlArajaMgane sekreTarIno mAna bharelo hodo maLyo. nAmadAra nijAma mIra mahAbula alIkhAnane janma I. sa. 1858mAM thayo hato. temaNe kasAnakalArka nAmanA aMgreja amaladAranA hAtha nIce aMgrejI vigare UMcI jAtanI tAlIma lIdhI che. temaja temanI mA vAdInIzA begama tathA temanI vaDIAI dIlAvarUnIzA begamanA hAtha nIce rahI, nitI ane saMsArIka bAbatanI keLavaNI lIdhI che. pote rAjakAja calAvavAne lAyaka thavAthI, tA. 5 phebruArI sane 1884nA roja nAmadAra vAIsarAya lArIpane haidrAbAdamAM potAne hAthe gAdI sIna kIdhA. nijAmane gAdIpatI TharAvatI veLA, lADarIpane eka bhASaNa kIdhuM hatuM. bhASaNa thaI rahyA pachI mahArANInA nAmathI nijAmane rAjA jAhera kIdhA. nAmadAra nijAme eka ghaNuM nAnuM paNa sabhyatAvALuM bhASaNa karIne nAmadAra mahArANI tathA vAIsaroyano upakAra mAnyo hato. nijAmanA bolI rahyA pachI lADarIpane brITIza rAjya taraphathI eka suMdara hIrA jaDIta bhAlo nAmadAra nijAmane bheTa Apyo hato, tathA rAjyanA moTA umarAva navAba bIyakataalI u sAvArajaMga, pezakAranareMdraprasAda ane khurasIdajAhane talavAro ApavAmAM AvI hatI. pezakAra nareMdraprasAda, e caMdulAlano patra thAya che nAmadAra laDarIpane je bhASaNa kIdhuM hatuM, www.unia

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( 4 ) te manana karavA joga jANI ahiM dAkhala karavAmAM AvyuM che. DerIane kahyu che ke - "prathama tamArI tIjorI tapAsa. trIjorIno avyavasthIta kAra-" "bhAra rAkhavAthI rAjyo nAza pAme che. A vAta sarva sthaLe kharI che." hiMdusthAnamAM temAM vizeSe karIne kharIche. trIjarInI vyavasthAmAM bIna" "kALajI ane uDAupaNuM rAkhavAthI prathama te bhAre karo nAkhavA paDe che;" "pachI loko dhIme dhIme garIba avasthAmAM AvI jAya che ane pAya"mAla thaI jAya che. rAjyane bhAre vyAje nANAM kADhavAM paDe che, ane A-" "khare devALAno vakhata AvI paDe che. nitIsara karakasara rAkhavAthI" "ane lokonI sthItIpara dhyAna ApI vyAjabI kara nAkhavAthI, le." kanI AbAdI ane dalita hamezAM vadhatAM jAya che. hiMdusthAnamAM sArA" "rAjyano pAyo tenI mahesula ugharAvAnI rUDI rIta che, ane te vinA" "rAjA pote saMkaTamAM AvI paDe che, tathA loko duHkhI thAya che. vaLI huM "dhaNI intajArIthI AzA rAkhuchuM ke pramANika ane samAna inasApha" "ApavA tarapha ghaNu sakhata dhyAna Apaze. rAjyanA nyAya khAtAnA" "amaladAro evA zuddha hovA joIe ke jenA sabaMdhamAM eka vahemanuM" "paNa kalaMka nahi hoya, ane evA bahAdura hovA joIe ke dhAkanA" "mAryA teo DarI nahi jAya; rAjyamAM A pramANe hovAthI rAjyakartA" "tarapha tenI prajA mATe AbhArathI, ane pajhezanI prajA mioTA vakhA" NanI sAthe jAya che. have tamAre mAthe ghaNuM agharU ane jokhamadAra kAma" "AvI paDyuM che. Azare eka karoDa manuSyanI prajAnA tame rAjAdhirAja" , teonA sukhano have pachIno miATo AdhAra tamArA upara, tamA" rA DahApaNa, tamArA udyoga, ane tamArI mana dhAraNA upara che. tamane vinaMtI sAthe mane kahevA do ke sattAnI bahAranA bhabhakA tarapha, have "pachI tamane vaTalAIne rahenArI dolata ane dabadabA tarapha, ane" have pachI dareka bAju taraphathI maLanArI tAbedArI ane khuzAmata tara"pha patarAjI utpanna karatA saMtoSathI joze nahi. tamArU rAjya moTA" "vistAravALuM, tamArI upaja ghaNI moTI ane rAjyanI vastI ghaNI" "bahoLI che; paNa e traNamAMnI koI paNa vastu tamane abhimAna" karatI na thAo. tame ghaNuM taraNo ane tarUNAvasthAne vizeSa karIne

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( 43 ) "je lAlacophasAvI mAreche, tevI lAlaJo tamane dhaNI taraphathI smA" vI maLaze. paNa tevI lAlacone tamArA upara upara paNa bhogavavA" detA nahi.. tamAre mATe eka karatAM vadhAre umadA ane vadhAre moTAM' "kAyaeN mAvavAnAM mane karavAnAM che. hiMdusthAnanA dezI rAjAgmAmAM" "tame tamAre mATe eka nAma kADhavAnI icchA rAkhatA haiAto je samaya -- "mAM hAla mApaNe rahIe chIe te samayamAM tamArA rAjya nA rUDA ane" nyAyI InasAkthI ane tamArI prajAnI dekhAtI jaNAI AvatI AA-" bAdAnIthI, te rUDuM nAma tame meLavI zakazo. tamArA pAdazAhI kuLa" tarapha ane tamArI tarapha tamArI prajAno bhaktibhAva dekhIto ane" zazaya vagarano che. have te bhakti bhAva TakAvI rAkhavotamArA hAthamAM" "che, ane jema varasa jatAM jAyache, tema tema bhakti bhAvane koDha karI," eka rAjyakartAne mahAmulyavAna gaNAtI vastuM--prajAno umaLakAno" prItI bhAva saMprAdAna karavA. tamArI prajA uparanI dekharekha, paramezvare tama" ne eTalA mATe nathI ApI ke tame tene tamArAvilAsa ane abhimAna" "nA sAdhana rU5karI suko. prabhue temane tamArI dekharekha taLe eTalA'' mATe mukyA che ke tame temanA Upara rAjya karIne prabhune rUDo vijaya" "dAkhaDho batAvA ane prajAnuM kalyANa karo. prajAnA bhalAmAM tamArUM moTuM" sukha ane tenA saMtoSI jIvamAM tamArI moTI salAmati tame mAnazo." mAnA karatAM halako uddeza rAkhazo nahi. mAnA karatAM halakA jayathI" "saMtoSI thazo nahi. paNa tamArA pAchalA vaMzajonA parAkramane yAda" "karI, tamAro moTo lobha evo rAkho ke, tamane paNa tamArA purvajonI" "sAthe maLI javAno samaya gmAve tyAre loko tamAre mATe ema khole" "OM, potAnI prajAne vadhAre sArI mAbAdAnImAM mukI, temaNe de" eDayo. cyA. moTA kAmamAM tamane ghaNIvAra aDacaNo ane lAlaceA" AvI paDI; to paNa temAM tamane rANIsarakAra taraphathI hamezAM joie" "teTalI madada maLavAne huM vacana Apu. A temaja bIjA koI'' dezI rAjyanA sabaMdhamAM briTizasarakAranI mukhya dhAraNA e che ke, te" rAjya pazu AbAda ane sArIrIte cAlatuM hovuM joe. jeTale" "sudhI zmA hetu vadhI zakaze teTale sudhI amArI madada tamane hamezAM" "maLaze. hiMdusthAnanAM dezI rAjyane khAlasA nahi karatAM temane"

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hayAta rahevA devAM, e A vakhatathI eka mukhya briTiza nIti che, ane amArA vicAra pramANe dezI rAjyanI hayAtImAM aMgreja svArthano moTo lAbha rahelo che. tamArI sarakAra sArI rIte vyavasthIta ane majabuta "pAyAvALI thAya, tamArI trIjorInI vyavasthA paNa sArI rIte rakhAya." "ane lokonApara karano je vyAjabI rIte paDe, tamAro amIrI varga" "tamArI bhaktivALo thAya ane tamArA lake saMtoSI thAya. e huM sArI "pa jANuM chuM ke je pAdazAha jAdI (mahArANI vikaTorIA)nA pratinidhi" tarIke Aje huM ubho che temanI AturatA bharI IcchA che ke tamArI" "rAjyakIya kArakIdI tarapha rANIsAheba ghaNA lakSa purvaka je. tame "temanI AzA-nirAza karaze nahi. ane mArA mitrajemanA kAmakAjamAM "mane eka khAsa bhAva rahelo che - have pelI masanuM tapa upara tamane "besADavAnuM mAre mATe bAkI raheluM che ane mArA haiyAnI evI AturatA" tathA AzIza batAvavI ke prabhu tamArU subha karI tamane sada raste ro" "tamArA rAjyane AbAda, nyAyI ane mAnavaMtu kaze ke tethI karIne Ajane divase dhArelI subha dhAraNa AgaLa jatAM jhAMkhI na paDe, ane "A rAjyanI tavArIkhamAM tamArA rAjyAbhiSekanI tArIkhane eka ghaNA "tejasvI zakanA AraMbha tarIke bhaviSyanI prajA yAda kare tathAstu." nAmadAra nijAmane rAjyane kula adhikAra maLyo te ja vakhate temaNe maranAra sarasAlArajaMganA beTA navAba sAlAra jaMgane divAna karAvyA. thoDA divasa pachI caMdulAlanA patra zikAra nareMdraprasAdane ane sAlA jaMgane aNabanAva thayo; tathA te sAlArajaMgane divAna padapara rahevA devA rAjI nathI ema turata vAta bahAra AvI hatI. tathA temane thoDA vakhatamAM divAnagIrI choDavI paDI. paraMtu phera temane nijAma, sarakAre divAna banAvyA. nijAmanA rAjyanA kArabhAranI khaTapaTa dinaparadina para vadhavA mAMDI ane hakIkta zI che te bAbata nAmadAra vAIsa ye hakAbAdanA resIDenTa mI. koraDIne sane 1885nI adhavacamAM potAnI hajuramAM bolAvI puchaparacha kIdhI, paNa tethI kaMI saphAI AvI nahi. jethI chevaTa nijAma ane divAna sAhArajaMga vacceno vAM TALavA sane 1880nI Akhare nijAmanA salAhakAra tarIke eka karnala mArasala nAmanA yupI anane hiMdusthAnanI sarakAre nImyo. sarasAlA

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(45). aMge I. sa. 1887nA eprila mAsamAM divAnagIrInuM rAjInAmu ApyuM. ane keTalIka mudata pachI navAba khusIralAne divAna banAvavAmAM A vyA. sAlArajage divAnagIrI choDI te vakhate tene Azare 20 lAkha rUpIAnuM karaja hatuM, te mijAma sarakAre potAnI tIjorImAMthI ApavA kabula karyuM eTaluM ja nahi paNa divAnanA hodAne nima pagAra eTale dara mAse 27500) ghera beThAM penasana ApavA kabula karyuM che. I. sa. 1886nI sAlamAM nAmadAra mahArANI taraphathI nAmadAra nijAma mIra mahAbulaalIkhAnane jI. sI. esa. AIno mAnava to khitAba maLyo che. nAmadAra nijAma mIra mahAbulaalIkhAnano khitAba A pramANe che-sIpAha sAlAra sapharajaMga mujaphareulamuka rUstame - rAnI arIstapejhamAna mIra mahAbulaalIkhAna bahAdura phatehajaMga nijAma udelA, nijAma ula mulka aopha jAhaenI gAdI amara tapa. nAmadAra nijAma mIra mahAbulaalIkhAna pote briTiza chAvaNamAM jAya te vakhata lazkarI salAmatI ane 21 tapa phoDI mAna ApavAmAM Ave che. nijAma sarakAranI hAla 23 varasanI umara che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 72 laDAInI topa ane 654 bIjI tapa, 551 golaMdAja, 1400 dhoDe svAra, 12775 pAyadaLa ane A sivAya bIjuM ghaNuM iregyulara pAyadaLa che. haidrAbAda- e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM navAba sAheba rahe. che. A zahera muzInadI para AveluM che. te darIA sapATIthI 1000 phuTa UMcuM che. te madrAzathI vAvyakoNamAM 389 mAIla, mubAIthI agni koNamAM 44mAIla ane kalakatathI naratyakoNamAM ha6 mAIla che. A zaheramAM 1ra3000 mANasanI vastI che ane parAMnI vastI 231000 mANasanI che. zaherano gherAvo 6 mAIlano che ane tenI AsapAsa patharane koTa che. ahiMnA loka zUravIra che ane temanI darekanI pAse hathIAra sajelAM hoya che. temAM mukhyatve karIne laDavaUA loka to hathIArathI saNagArelAja rahe che ahiM Araba, siMdhi, rohIlA, paThANa, mareThA, turka, zikha, pArasI ane bIjI ghaNI jAtanA loka rahe che. pazcima taraphathI AvatAM rAjamahela, masIdo ane aMgrejI chAvaNane mATe bAMdhedhAM makAnane lIdhe zaherano dekhAva suMdara dekhAya che. haidrAbAdathI dakSiNamAM

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thoDA mAIlane che. eka moTuM sarovara che tene ra0 mAIlane gherAvo che. A zaheramAM rAjamahela, masIda, ane aMgrejI chAvaNIne mATe bAMdhelAM makAno e mukhya jagAe che. AmAMnArAjamahelano mAIlano gherAvo che. jumA masIda eka moTuM ane suMdara makAna che. tenA mInArAghaNAja UMcA che. tenI aMdaranA thAMbhalA ghaNA UMcA ane aDadI A paththaranA banAvelA che. haidrAbAdamAM paNa bAga che, temAM nijAmanA divAnano bAga ghaNuMja sAro che. A sivAya koleja athavA (cAra mInArA) e nAmanuM suMdara makAna che. muzInadIthI uttare eka moTuM bajAra che. ane te begamanuM bAra e nAmathI oLakhAya che. IgrejI chAvaNI zaheranA A bhAgamAM che. A sivAya "bAradara' eTale bAra daravAjAvALo eka mahela che, temAM nijAmuno divAna sarasAlArajaMga rahe che. haidrAbAda I. sa. 1589 mAM A rAjyanA sthApanAra sulatAna kulIkutubazAhanA pAMcamA vaMzaja kutubazAha mahamadakulIe sthApyu hatuM. mahamadakulIe pANInI taMgAzane lIdhe pitAnI rAjadhAnI gavaLakeDAmAMthI, eka bIjuM zahera muzI nadIpara vasAvI tyAM karI. A zahera govaLakAMDAthI 7 mAIla che. A zaheranuM nAma teNe potAnI vahAlI strI bhAgyavatInA nAma parathI bhAgya nagara pADyuM hatuM, paNa tenA mAraNa pachI tenuM nAma haidrAbAda pADavuM (haidaranuM zahera). mahisara, A deza karnATakano eka bhAga che. tenA rAjakartA mahArAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che ane teo yadu vaMzI rajaputa che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare dhAravADa tathA ballArI jIllA, pUrve kaDapA, ArkaTa ane selama chelo, dakSiNe koImbatura tathA malabAra jIvo ane pazcime kAnaDA jIllo tathA kunuM saMsthAna che. kurga e saMsthAna mahisuranA rAjyanI nairUtya khuNAmAM che. tenuM kSetraphaLa 1583 corasa mAIla ane vastI Azare 180000 mANasanI che. bhASA kAnaDI che. A saMsthAnanA loka ghaNuM karIne nAyara jAtanA che. te loka dekhAvaDA caherAnA ane udhogI che. temanAmAM eka navAI jevI rIta e che ke ghaNAka bhAIonI strIo bhegI rahIne teo sarvabhAIone

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( 47 ) vIstAra----khA rAjyanuM kSetraphaLa 24000 ( cAvIsahajAra ) cArasamAila che; tathA temAM 17700 gAma ane temAM Azare 4186000 (ekatALI lAkha yAzIhajAra) mANasanI vastI che. vArSIka upana--311000000 (ekakaroDa dazalAkha)ne mAzare thAyache. temAMthI (22450000 cAvIzalAkha pacAzahAra) lazkaranA kharaca badala iMgrejasarakArane Apeche. dezanu svarUpa--A dezanA mukhyatve karIne cAra prAMta karavAmAM AvyA che. 1 uttara bhAgamAM citra durga, 2 dakSiNamAM mahisura, 3pUrvamAM khAMgalora ane 4 pazcimamAM khedanura che. A deza U~cANamAM che. dezanI jamInamAM mukhyatve karIne DuMgaro dhaNA che topaNa madhya, uttara mane zAna khUNA taraphano bhAga sapATa pAdhara che. dezanA upalA bhAgano utAra ghaNuM karIne uttara taraphano che; topaNa temAMnA ghoDA bhAgano utAra pazcima taraphano che; temaja nIcalA bhAgano utAra agnikhUNA tarapha che. mukhya be DuMgaro che temAMno eka svargaMgA nAmano DuMgara khAMgaloranI vAvya koNa tarapha che. tenI uMcAI 4600 phuTanI che. ane khIje bAbAbudana nAmano DuMgara bhedanuranI pAseche tenI uMcAi 6000 phuTanI che. A dezamAM ThekANe ThekANe karADa sarakhA sIdhA ane uMcA DuMgaro che. tenA upara killA bAMdhelA najare paDeche ane te DuMganA nAmathI oLakhAya che. A durga nAmanA DuMgarAgmAnI uMcAi 1000 thI te 1500 phuTa sudhInI che. mA duryamAMno naMdI durgaM NA prasiddha ane te 4856 phuTa sudhInI uMcAivALA che. tathA khIjo eka suvarNa durgaM nAmano che tenI uMcAI 4000 phuTanI che. nadIo-mukhya nadI kAverI che. te kurga eTale pazrimamAMthI AvIne A deza pasAra karI madrAza ilAkAmAM thaine bagALAnA upasAgarane samAna gaNeche; eTale game te strIne game te bhAi potAnI pAse rAkhI zake che. smA saMsthAna upara prathama rAjA rAja karato hato. liMgAyata rAjA potAnI raiyata upara ghaNA zailama karato hato tethI IMgrejoe tene padabhraSTa karI . sa. 1834 mAM te saMsthAna khAlasA karyuM. hAla teno vahIvaTa mahisunA sau kamIzanaranA hAya nIceno eka suprITenDenTa makArA zaheramAM rahIne calAve che.

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' ( 48 ) maLe che. A nadIne A dezanI lakSmaNatirtha ane kubAnI e nadIo maLe che temaja vAvyakoNa taraphathI hImavatI ane uttara taraphathI sIMgA ane akaeNvaTI e nAmanI nadIo AvIne maLe che. zIravatI nAmanI nadI A deza pasAra karI pazcima tarapha jaIne hiMdImahAsAgarane maLe che. tuMga ane bhadrA e nAmanI be nadIo vAvyakoNa taraphanA bhAgamAMthI nIkaLI halAhonuranI pAse bhegI thaI tyAMthI tuMgabhadrA nAma dhAraNa karI izAna koNa tarapha jaI A deza choDyA pachI kRSNA nadIne maLe che. A tuMgabhadrAne hugarI (vedavatI) nadI paNa maLe che. panAra nadI A deza pasAra karI uttara tarapha jaI tyAMthI pUrvamAM baMgALanA upasAgarane maLe che. A sivAya bIjI ghaNI nAnI nadIo che. - have pANuM-mahira deza samudrathI ucApara hovAne lIdhe havA ThaMDI ane sukhadAyaka che. tApamAM pheraphAra ghaNe thAya che. varasAda be misamamAM paDe che. tethI havA bhInAzavALI hoya che. naratyakoNa taraphathI varasAda paDe che te ghaNe ane IzAna koNa taraphano thoDe havache. eprIla tathA me mAsamAM koI koI vakhata moTA moTA karA paDe che. havA sArI che to paNa aneka prakAranA roga thAya che. jamIna tathA nipaja-jamIna rasALa che tethI pAka sAro utare che. temAM mukhyatve karIne uttama jAtanI DAMgara vizeSa thAya che. A sivAya bAjarI, makAI, ghaNu, nAgalI, kaThoLa, tala, dIvelI, vagare temaja zeDImAMthI khAMDa thAya che sivAya kazuM bo, buMda, tamAku, sAcokhA (sAbucokhA) ane kapAsa vigare paNa thAya che. vADIomAM phaLa phaLAdi ane zAka bhAjI thAya che. jaMgalamAM sAga ane caMdana (sukhaDa) vagerenAM ImAratI tathA sIsama vagerenA bIjAM jhADo thAya che. sopArI nALiera ane tejanAnAM jhADa paNa thAya che. janAvara-A dezanA jaMgalomAM hAthI, vAgha, citrA, ghoDA, ane bIja aneka prakAranAM janAvara hoya che. A sivAya ghaNI jAtanAM haraNa ane vAMdarAM thAya che. vanakutarA (dIpaDAM) thAya che te ToLAbaMdha thaine zikAtma mATe nIkaLI paDe che. teo hAthI sivAya bIjAM ghaNAMkhAM jAnava nA prANa le che. A dezamAM gAya ane baLada thoDA hoya che, paNa bakarAM ane gheTAM puSkaLa hoyache.

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( ) kArIgarInI jaNase-sutarAu kApaDa, unanuM jADuM kApaDa, galIcA, setaraMjIo, ane resamI kApaDa thAya che. vepAra ghaNuM karIne vaNajhArA lokathI cAle che te loka poThIo upara mAla bharIne ThekANe ThekANe vecavA laI jAya che. loka-mukhyatve karIne hiMdu ane thoDA musalamAna che. temAMnA ghaNuMkharA pahADI ane baLavAna che. bhASA mukhyatve karIne kAnaDI che. relavemahisurathI IzAna khUNAmAM bAMgara ane bAMgalorathI pUrvamAM A dezanA pUrva bhAganI bahAra cheDe che. madrAza javAnI relave lAIna che tyAM sudhI che. mukhya zahero-mahisura e A dezanI rAjagAdInuM mukhya zahera che temAM rAjakartA mahArAjA rahe che. A zaheramAM relave sTezana, sarakAro tAophIsa, posTa ophIsa ane vidyAlayonAM moTAM moTAM sthaLa che. mahisarathI uttaramAM 12 mAIlane che. kAverI nadI upara zrIraMgapaTTaNa che temAM prathama haidara ane TIpu sulatAnanI rAjyagAdI hatI. temanA vakhatanA killA bahu majabuta ane raLI AmaNa che. bAMgalora e rAjyanA ghaNuM karIne purva bhAgamAM che, ane temAM A dezane cIpha kamIzanara e hedAno eka yuropiyana amaladAra tathA keTaluMka aMgreja lazkara rahe che. sivAya bedanura, citra durga, hAMsoTa, naMdI durga, kolA ane harihara e moTAM zaheze che. A rAjyanuM posTa khAtuM mahArAjA taraphathI IlAyadu cAle che. ItihAsa-A dezanA rAjakartA mahArAjA kahevAya che ane teo yadu jAtanA rajapUta che. temanA vaDIle ghaNuM prAcInakALathI A dezamAM rAjya karatA AvyA che. asalanA vakhatamAM mahisaranA mulajjara sugrIvano amala hatuM. tenA saradAra hanumAne rAmane, laMkAnA rAjA rAvaNanI sAmenI laDAImAM madada karI hatI. I. sa. pahelAM trIjA saikAmAM A dezamAM buddha dharmanA loka AvyA. jenadhartanA lokoe A deza upara ghaNAM varSa sudhI rAjya karyuM. temanAM devaLe ane bIjA yAdagIrInA dAkhalA haju maLI Ave che. agAunA vakhatamAM mahisaranA uttara bhAgamAM kaDakhA vaMzanA rojA rAjya karatA hatA. temanI rAjadhAnI banAvAsI nagaramAM hatI. teoe 14 mAM sikA sudhI rAjya karyuM, paNa pachIthI cAlukya vaMzanA rAjA

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oe temano mulaka jItI laI temane khaMDIA karyA. kAMgu athavA gaMgAza jeo mahisaranA dakSiNa bhAgamAM rAja karatA hatA temanI rAjadhAnI pahela vahelAM kAramAM hatI, paNa pachIthI teoe potAnI rAjadhAnI kAverI nadI paranA tAlakaMda nagaramAM karI. A vaMzano 9 mA sekAmAM kollA lokoe nAza karyo. A vaMzanA keTalAka lekho maLI AvyA che te parathI jaNAya che ke teo jainadharma pALatA hatA. A zivAya palavAsa lokonA tAbAmAM mahisaranI purva taraphano mulaka hato. I. sa. nA 7nA sikAmAM cAlukya rAjAoe te mulaka jItI lIdho paNa 10 mA saikA sudhI teo temanA kaTTA duzmana thaI paDyA hatA. cAlukaya loka uttara taraphathI 4thA saikAmAM AvyA ane ghaNeka mulaka jItI lIdhe, jemAMno thoDe temanA hAthamAM 12 mA sikA sudhI rahyo. A vakhate balAla saradAroe temane harAvyA ane temano mulaka potAnA rAjaya sAthe joDI dI. balAla vaMzanA rAjA jina dharma pALatA hatA ane teo laDaA hatA. teoe I. sa. 1310 sudhI dvArA samudra (dvArakA vaTIpaTaNa)mAM rAjya karyuM. I. sa. 1310mAM dilhInA pAdazAha alAuddInanA saradAra makakAphare balAlarAjAne keda pakaDyo ane tenI rAjadhAnInuM zahera lUTI lIdhuM. 16 varSa pachI mahamada taghalakhe eka bIjuM lazkara mokalyuM. A lazkare dvAra samudrano nAza kIdho to paNa tenAM keTalAMeka devaLa haju sudhI che. hAIsAlA balAla vaMzano nAza thayA pachI tuMgabhadrApara vijayanagaramAM eka navA jorAvara hiMdu rAjA thayA. A zahera I. sa. 133mAM haka ane bakAe bAMdhyuM hatuM. teo varaM gulanA darabAramAM nekara hatA. hakAe harIharano khitAba dhAraNa karyo hato ane potAnA vaMzajane narasiMhano khitAba Apyo. A rAjAone ane brAhmaNI vazanA musalamAna rAjAone kadI duzmanAvaTa hatI, ane tethI temanI vacce vAre vAre laDAIo thatI. I. sa. 1565mAM dakSiNanA cAra musalamAna rAjAoe eko karI vijyanagaranA rAma rAjApara humalo karI tAlIkosanI laDAImAM tene harAvI mArI nAMkhyo. A pachI tenA vaMzajoe pena ane caMdragIrImAM keTalAka vakhata sudhI potAnI sattA jArI

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rAkhI, paNa Akhare temane nAza thaze. penakonAmAM chelA narasiMha rAjAonA vakhatamAM, tAbAnA nAnA saradAro jeo pAladhara kahevAtA te svataMtra thaI paDyA. AmAM mukhya mahisuranI dakSiNanA vADIara, uttaramAM kalAdInA nAyako, pazcimamAM balama (manajArAbAda)nA nAyako ane citalaga ane tarIkerAnA bIra saradAro hatA. AmAMnA mahisuranI dakSiNanA vADIaranA muLa purUSa vijyarAja ane krIznarAja nAmanA be bhAI hatA. teo I. sa. 1399mAM kAThIAvADanA dvArakA nagaramAMthI heDanA gAmamAM lagna prasaMge paradezI tarIke AvyA hatA. temaNe karnATakanI pazcime eka nAno mulaka, je be killA ane thoDAM gAmaDAMne banelo hato tenA para amala karavA mAMDyo. temanI pachI temanA vaMzamAM haribITADa cAmarAja, DhImArAja, ane hari cAmarAja je cha AMgaLIo kahevAto hato te anukrame rAjA thayA. haricAmarAja (cha AMgaLIA)no amala te dezamAM I. sa. 1507mAM hato. tenA maraNa pachI teno vArasa haribITADacAmarAja gAdIe beTho. teNe potAnA nAnA rAjyanA I. sa. 1524mAM traNa bhAga karI potAnA traNa chokarAne vaheMcI ApyA. AmAMnA nAnA cAmarAja (tAlIA)ne tenA bhAgamAM puranagaDhano killo ane pAsenAM keTalAMka gAmaDAM AvyAM hatAM. A puranagaDhanA killAnI teNe teja varSamAM marAmata karAvI tenuM asala nAma badalI mahiSAsura (bheMzanA mAthAvALe rAkSasa) evuM nAma pADavuM, ane te uparathI hAlanuM nAma mahisara paDayuM che. evuM kahevAya che. ke A rAkSasa (mahiSAsa) cAmuDA devIe nAza karyo hato tethI mane hisuranA rAjakartA te devIne potAnI kuLadevI tarIke mAne che. cAmarAja mahisurano pahelo rAjA hato. I. sa. 1564-65mAM vijyanagaranuM hiMdurAja musalamAna pAdazAhane hAtha gayuM. A banAvathI mahisuranA rAjAne ghaNuM phAyado thayo. teNe potAnA mulakamAM ghaNe vadhAro karyo. jyAre vijyanagara musalamAnone hAtha gayuM tyAre tyAMnA rAjAe zrIraMgapaTTaNamAM jaI rAjya karavA mAMDayuM. te kamara ane dama vagarane hato, paNa AviSe cAmarAja (tAlIA) sivAya bIjA koIne khabara nahatI. tethI teNe khaMDaNI ApavI baMdha karI, killA bAMdhyA, khaMDaNI ugharAvanArAone hAMkI kahADyA ane rAjAne paNa gaNagAryo nahIM. I.

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sa. 1576mAM mahisarane keTaloka mulaka maLyo. te ja varSamAM eTale I. sa. 1576mAM cAmarAja maNa pAmyo. paNa tene putra tenI pahelAM maraNa pAmyo hato. tethI tenI pachI teno pitra bITADa vADIara gAdIe beche. teNe hemunakalIno killo ane tenI AsapAsanAM gAmaDAM mahisaranA rAjya sAthe joDI dIdhAM. bITADa vADIaranI pachI tene bhAI rAjavADIara gAdIe beTho. A rAjA ghaNe buddhimAna hato. teNe mahisuranA rAjyamAM ghaNo vadhAro karyo. teNe i. sa. 160mAM kambAlAno killo ane zrIraMgapaTTaNa zahera, je agAu zrIraMgapaTTaNa athavA pavItra raMganuM zahera e nAmathI oLakhAtuM hatuM, ane jyAM vijayanagarano hAMkI kahADelo rAjA raheto hato te jItI lIdhAM. A vakhatathI zrIraMgapaTTaNa mahisaranA rAjyanI rAjyagAdInuM mukhya zahera thayuM. mahisuranA rAjA agAu jaMgama dharma pALatA hatA, paNa zrIraMgapaTTaNa lIdhA pachI teoe viSNuno dharma pALavA mAMDyo. rAjavADIara I. sa. 1917mAM maraNa pAmyo. teNe potAnA mulakamAM paNa vadhAro karyo ane pote dakSiNanA hiMdu rAjAomAM sarvathI mukhya gaNAtuM hatuM. rAjavADIaranI pachI teno patra cAmarAja vADIara gAdIe beche. teNe 20 (vIsa) varasa rAja karyuM te daramyAna teNe ghaNe mulaka cho. te chatAelA duzmano para dayA rAkhato. jyAre I. sa. 1937mAM tenuM marNa thayuM tyAre teno kAko ImAdIrAja, je rAjavADIarano putra hato te gAdIe beThA. teNe 18 varasa rAja karyuM. tene tenA divAne jhera daI mArI nAkhyo. tenI pachI raNadhirakAntIrIvA narasArAja gAdIe beThe. te tenA vaDIlonA jevo zarIra ane parAkramI hato. tenAmAM atizaya jera ane himata hatAM tenA jera vize ema kahevAya che ke tricinApalInA darabAramAM eka prakhyAta hoddho hato tenI sAthe yuddha laDavAne te tyAM gayo, ane e yuddhamAM te yoddhAne kApI mArI nAkhyo. teNe, je vachare AgalA mayatarAjAne jhera dIdhuM hatuM ane potAne paNa jhera - vAnI kozIza karato hato tene mArI nAkhyo. bIjApuranA rAjAe zrIrapaNane paze hAlyo hato tene teNe harAvyo. ane tenA lazkaranI pAchaLa Mii tene trAsa karyo. teNe mAgInA rAjA upara eka moTI jIta meLavI

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ane potAnuM rAjya vijyanagara ane mArA tarapha vadhAryuM. teNe zrIraMgapaTTaNamAM saMkazALa dAkhala karI. kanTIrIvA narasArAja I. sa. 1959mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pAchaLa teno dattaka lIdhelo putra dada (meTe) devarAja tapranazIna thayo. A rAjAe keTalAMka nAnAM rAjya bathAvI paDIne potAnA rAjyamAM ghaNuM vadhAro karyo. bedanurane rAjAe tenA rAjya para caDAI karI hatI, tene teNe harAvIne hAMkI mukyo. teNe mArAnA neIkane harAvyo. te I. sa. 1972mAM maraNa pAme. tenI pachI cIka (nAno) devarAja gAdIe beTho. teNe potAnA mulakamAM 13 pragaNuM umero karyo ane auraMgajeba bAdazAha pAsethI rAjAno khitAba miLo. vaLI auraMgajeba bAdazAhe tene eka hAthI dAMtanuM tapa bakSisa karyuM hatuM. A takha upara te ane tenA vArase besatA ane je, namra TIpu sulatAnanA mahelamAMthI, jyAre zrIraMgapaTTaNano kabaje levAmAM Avyo tyAre mAlama paDayuM hatuM te eja hatuM, A to hAlanA rAjAne rAjyAbhiSeka karatI vakhate kAmamAM levAmAM AvyuM hatuM, ane te hamezAM jAhera tahevArane divase vAparavAmAM Ave che. cIka (nAno) devarAja I. sa. 1704 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tene raMgajebe mugala sivAya sarva rAjAthI svataMtra rAjA tarike mAnya karyo hato. have je vaMze mahisura upara ra00 karatAM vadhu varSa rAjya karyuM hatuM tenI paDatI thavA lAgI. cIka devarAjanA maraNa pachI teno vArasa kanTIrIvA mahArAja gAdIe beThe, paNa te bahero ane mugo hato, ane potAnA vaDIlonI peThe dezano rAjyakArabhAra calAvavAne tenAmAM zakti nahotI. te I. sa. 1713 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno vArasa dadakIzarAja gAdIe beThe. tenA vakhatamAM teno saghaLo adhikAra tenA be mukhya vajIra devarAja ane tenA pitrAI nAnabharAjane hAtha hato. jyAM sudhI kriIznarAja Avato hato tyAM sudhI teoe tene rAjA tarike vartavA dIdho. A rAjA 18 varasa apakIrtithI rAjya karI I. sa. 1031 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI tene vArasa harInandu tIMgala cAmarAja gAdIe beTho. A rAjA sAme pelA be vacharoe ghaNI vakhoDavA lAyaka vartaNuka calAvI, tethI teNe temane temanI jagAethI kara karyo ane temanI jago potAnA mANasethI paza; paNa devAje baLavo

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() karyo ane rAjA zaheramAM raheto teno lAbha laI rAjamahela potAne kabaje karI lIdhuM ane lazkarane potAnA tarapha meLavI lIdhuM. teNe rA jAne paNa pakaDyo ane jIvatAM sudhI tene kabAlaDaganA DuMgaro jenI havA ghaNI rogISTa che tyAM keda rAkhyo, tyAM te kharAba havA ane rogISTa bArAkane lIdhe thoDA vakhatamAM maraNa pAmyo. cAmarAjane padabhraSTa karavAmAM Avyo tyArathI mahisuramAM te vaMzanI paDatI thavA lAgI. A vakhata pachI jeke te kuTuMbano eka mANasa - hirane nAmane rAjA kahevAto to paNa rAjyanI saghaLI sattA hiMdu tathA musalamAnone hAtha hatI ane teo bhAgyeja rAjAne rAjamahelanI bahAra javA detA. devarAje ane nAnArAje cIka kIznarAjane nAmanA rAjA tarike gAdIe besADyo. A pachI thoDA vakhatamAM nAnarAja maraNa pAmyo. A pachI thoDe vakhate karnATakanA navAba dostaalIe mahisura upara caDAI karI. paNa devarAje tene harAvyo. pachIthI devarAje potAnA nAnA bhAI nAnajArAjane lazkarano uparI banAvyo. nAnArAje hedaraalI, jenI umara te vakhate 30 varasanI hatI tene potAnA eka sipAI tarike nImyo, haidara alI phatehamahamadane dIkare ane mahamada bhalala ke jeNe muLamAM paMjAbamAMthI AvIne haidrAbAdanI pAse eka nAnI masIda bAMdhI hatI teno pitra ha. I. sa. 1755 mAM dakSiNanA subedAra salAbataaMge phrenca subedAra khuzInI madadathI zrIraMgapaTTaNa upara humalo karyo, ane devarAjane rUpa600000 (chapanalAkha)nI moTI rakama ApI salAha karavAnI jarUra pADI. bIjI tarapha jyAre mareThAoe I. sa. 1757mAM zrIraMgapaTTaNa upara humalo karyo tyAre naMdarAjane mahisarano thoDo bhAga ApI salAha karavI paDI. A vakhate devarAja ane mAnanArAja vacce aNabanAva thaze. AthI devarAja potAnI ekaThI karelI dolata laine zrIraMgapaTTaNamAMthI jato rahyo, ane nAnArAje uparI sattA potAne hAtha lIdhI. paNa baMne bhAI vacce kajIo thavAthI haidarane lAga phAvyo. nAnArAje tene keTalAka mulaka sepyo hato tethI tenI sattAmAM ghaNuM vadhAro thayo hato. rAjA ane nAnArAja baMne udarane "phatehadarabahAra evA

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(55) mAnathI bolAvatA hatA. haidare rAjasattA pitAne hAtha levA prayata karavA mAMDyo; paNa nAnajArAja tene aDacaNa karato hato. tethI tene khaseDavAne teNe dAUMjara rANa sAthe goThavaNa karI. AthI nAnajArAjane potAnI jago choDavAne ane kunura je mahisurathI 25 mAIlane cheTe che tyAM jaI vasavAne jarUra paDI. A vakhatathI rAjyanI ghaNI kharI sattA haidarane hAtha AvI, paNa teNe Akhare I. sa. 1760 mAM AkhA rAjyano kabaje potAne hAtha lIdhe. - jyAre nAmano rAjA cIka krIznarAja I.sa. 1766 mAM maraNa pA myo tyAre haidare tenA moTA moTA kuMvara nAnajArAja vADIarane rAjakuMvarane dha TatuM mAna ApyuM; paNa nAnajArAja svataMtratAne mATe prayAsa kare che evuM haidarane mAlama paDayuM tyAre teNe rAjAnA kharcane mATe apAtI rakama ApavI baMdha karI, rAjAnA mahelamAMthI strIoe je dAgInA paherelA hatA te sivAya saghaLu luMTI lIdhuM, rAjAnA khavAsomAM ghaNe ghaTADe karyo ane temanI jagoe potAnA pravAse nImyA. pAMca varSa pachI jyAre haidara saMkaTamAM AvI paDyo tyAre A rAjAe mareThAo sAthe salAha karavAno prayata karavA mAMDyo. A viSe haidarane khabara paDavAthI teNe rAjAne marAvI naMkhAvyo, ane tenA bhAI bITADa cAmarAjane nAmanA rAjA tarIke gAdIe besADyo. A rAjA I. sa. 1775 mAM maraNa pAmyo paNa haidara nAmano rAjA rAkhavAne Icchato hato tethI teNe tenA dattaka lIdhelA cAmarAjane gAdIe besADyo. A rAjAne haidare ghaNI ghAtakI rIte paDyo. aMgreja sarakAre haidara sAthe pahela vahelAM I. sa. 163 mAM vepAranI chUTa mATe salAha karI. aMgreja sarakArane je duzmano hatA temAM e sarvathI jorAvara ane kaSTo duzmana hato. haidare A rAja meLavyA pachI te vadhAravAno prayatna karavA mAMDyo. teNe citradurga ane bedanura jItI lIdhAM. A pachI thoDe vakhate mAdhavarAva pezvA moTuM lazkara laine tenA rAjya upara caDI Avyo. teNe ghaNuM luMTaphATa karavA mAMDI. keTalIka laDAI thaI temAM haidara hAryo. Akhare haidare keTalAka prAMta ane 32 lAkha rUpIA ApI tene pALe kahA. A pachI haidare kAlIkaTa upara svArI

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(5) karI te jItI lIdhuM. nijAne haidaranI vagane lIdhe aMgreja sarakAra sAthe detI hatI te toDIne haidaranI sAthe maLI jaI karnATaka upara caDAI karI. paNa temAM tenuM lazkara hAryuM, ane I. sa. 1768 nI salAhathI nijAma hiMdarane choDI aMgrejanI tarapheNamAM gayo. bIje varSe eTale I. sa. 1768 mAM haidare madrAsa upara caDAI karI; paNa dara zaheramAM luMTa karaze evI bIkathI aMgrejoe salAha karI. I. sa. 1770 mAM mAdhavarAva pezvAe mahisura upara svArI karI. A vakhate I. sa. 1768 nA eprIla mAsanI tA. 3 nI salAhanA karAra mujaba haidare marAThA sAme laDAI karavAne aMgrejonI madada mAgI; paNa temaNe tenI nA pADI. paMdare potAnA dIkarA TIpune mareThI senAne mATe mahArASTramAMthI khorAka Avato hato, te aTakAvavAne badanurane sImADe rAkhyo hato. I. sa. 1771 nA phebruArI mAsamAM mareThI phoje haidarane pakaDyo ane uMdaranI phojano nAza karyo. haidare nAzI javAne ghaNA upAya karyA te saghaLAmAM te niSphaLa gayo. Akhare teNe zarama bharelI rIte salAha karI. A salAhathI haidarane mahisuranA rAjyanAM 13 pragaNuM ane 22500000 (pacIsa lAkha) ApavAne jarUra paDI. paNa Akhare jyAre punAnA darabAramAM garabaDATa cAlato hato tyAre mareThAoe je mulaka tenI pAsethI laI lIdho hato te pAcho maLavyo. Igrejoe mareThA sAmenI laDAImAM haidarane madada karI nahotI tethI te moTuM lazkara ekaThuM karI karnATakamAM ghusyo ane aMgrejone ghaNI hAnI pahocADI. I. sa. 1782 mAM TIpue eka aMgrejI lazkarane harAvyuM. paMdara 20 varasanI umare I. sa. 1782 nA DisembaranI tA. 7 mIe maraNa pAmyo. jyAre haidara maraNa pAmyo tyAre TIpu malabAra kAMThe mubAInI IgrejI phoja sAme laDavAne gayo hato. TIpusAhebane potAnA bApanA maraNanI khabara maLI ke tarataja te pAcho vaLyo ane teNe rAjyano kabaje lI. cAmarAja je nAmane rAjA hato te I. sa. 1795 mAM maraNa pAmyo. A vakhate teno chokaro phakta eka varSano hato te paNa TIpusulatAne teno mahela lUTa. vaLI teNe kuvaranAM, tenI mAnAM ane tenAM sagAMvahAlAMnAM ghareNAM lUMTI lIdhAM, ane pachIthI temane parezanA eka

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(57) nAnA jhuMpaDAmAM rahevA mokalyAM. TIpu sulatAna tenA bApanI pake hiMdusthAnamAM rAja karatA dezI rAjAomAM sarvathI jorAvara hato. te jyAre 17 varasanI umarano hato tyAre teNe madrAsanI AsapAsanAM keTalAMka gAmaDAM lUTayAM, ane Akhare aMgreja, nijAma ane mareThA sAme laDAI karI. muMbAIthI aMgrejI phoja AvI hatI tenI sAme laDavAne TIpu sulatAna gaze to paNa te phoje bedanura nagara jItI lIdhuM. ahIMthI eka moTuM lazkara laIne te mAMgalora ge. tyAM tene kala kempabela sAthe laDAI thaI paNa temAM tenuM kaMI vaLyuM nahi. Akhare baMne vacce salAha thaI. bIjA eka aMgrejI lazkare koImbatura ane bIjA keTalAMka zahera chatI, rAjadhAnI upara humalo karavA TharAva karyo, paNa eTalAmAM madrAsa sarakAre Igreja nAmane eba lagADe evI salAha karI. I. sa. 18ramAM hedare kuprAMta jItI lIdhuM hatuM, paNa tyAMnA loka pachIthI svataMtra thaI gayA hatA. TIpue eka moTI phoja laI temanApara caDAI karI. te vakhate teo tAbe thayA; paNa pachIthI tyAM TIpue je hAkemane mukyo hato, teNe koI strInI lAja levAthI tyAMnA lakoe baLavo karyo, AthI TIpue eka moTI phoja ekalI te deza ujaDa karyo, ane ghaNAkharAne vaTalAvI musalamAna karyA. TIpu ghaNe ahaMkArI hato. tene ahaMkAra utAravAne nijAma ane pezvAe salAha karI, I. sa. 1786mAM tenA mulaka upara caDAI karI. TIpue temane pAchA haThAvyA, ne Akhare temanI vacce salAha thaI. A salAhathI TIpue 5 lAkha rUpIA turata ane 15 lAkha rUpIA 5chIthI ApavAne ane bIje keTalAka mulaka ApavAnuM kabUla karyuM. A pachI TIpue trAvaNakaranuM rAjya chatavAne TharAva karyo. I. sa. 178mAM teNe te rAjya upara caDAI karI, paNa temAM te hAryo ane bhAre nukazAna veThI pAchu pharavuM paDayuM. pharIthI caDAI karavAne TIpue taiyArI karavA mAMDI. trAvaNakorano rAjA Igrejano dosta hato tethI aMgreja sarakAre nijAma ane pezvAnI madadathI TIpunA rAjya upara svArI karavA TharAva karyo. karnala momanA hAtha nIce eka aMgrejI lazkare koImbatura bhaNI ho karyo. A lazkare ghaNAka gaDha chatI mahisara upara caDhAI karI, temAM TIpu sAma thayo paNa tene pAchu haThAvyuM.

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(58 ) I. sa. 1781mAM lorDa kornavAlIse TIpu upara caDAI karI. te mahisuramAM peTho ane beMgalora gayo. TIpu te zahera bacAvavAne tenI sAmi thayo, paNa temAM te hA, hArDa kornavAlIse beMgalora laI lIdhuM. ahIMthI te zrIraMgapaTTaNu bhaNI cAlyo rastAmAM arIkarAnA medAnamAM laDAI thaI temAM TIpu hAryo. I. sa. 1792mAM kAnevAlI senijAma ane mareThAnI madadathI pharIthI TIpunI rAjadhAnI upara caDAI karI. AmAM TIpunuM kaMI nahi phAvavAthI teNe salAhanuM kaheNa mokalyuM. A salAhathI TIpue potAno aDa aDadha mulaka ane vigrahanA kharaca mATe traNakaroDa trIsa lAkha rUpIA ApavA ane tenA be kuMvarane IgrejI chAvaNImAM re khavA kabula karyuM. AthI saMtoSa nahi pAmatAM TIpue IgrejI rAjya jItavAne ane tamane hiMdusthAnamAMthI hAMkI kahADavAne phrenca ane aphagAnistAnanA pAdazAhanI madada mAgI. AthI I. sa. 1789mAM velorathI janarala hArIzanI saradArI nIce eka aMgrejI sainya tenA rAjya upara mokalavAmAM AvyuM. sadAsIra ane mAlavelI AgaLa bhAre yuddha thayAM, temAM TIpu hoye; tethI te deza ujaDa karato potAnI rAjadhAnImAM gayo. tyAM tene janarala hArIse gherI lIdho, ahIM bhAre yuddha thayuM temAM TIpu tA. 4 sane 1799nA roja killAno bahAdurIthI bacAva karatAM maraNa pAmyo. A laDAIno cheDo Avyo te vakhate je mulaka chatAyo hato te nijAma ane igreja sarakAre vahecI lI. pezvAne je mulaka ApavAmAM AvyuM te pezvAe nahi lIdhAthI aMgreja ane nijAme vaheMcI lI. A mulakamAM moTo bhAga, jenI upaja 1374000 pegoDAnI hatI te kRSNarAja vADIara, je jyAre zrIraMgapaTTaNane kabaje levAmAM Avyo tyAre eka nAnA jhuMpaDAmAMthI mAlama paDyo hato tene soMpavAmAM Avyo. TIpunuM rAjya jItI lIdhA pachI tenA vAraso jemane chAvaNImAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA temane prathama velAra ane pachIthI kalakane mokalI dIdhA. jyAre lADa veleslIe tenA kuMvara kRNarAja vADIarane eka nAnA jhuMpaDAmAM tenI mA tathA sagAM vahAlAM sudhAM joyo tyAre te cha varasano hato. * pegoDAzanI kImata lagabhaga ra rUpIA jeTalI che. * ahiM tene TIpu sulatAne rahevA mokalyo hato.

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(59). sararIkalojha eka miTo amaladAra hato tene resIDenTa nImyo, ane rAjanI bALavayamAM rAjyano kArabhAra karavAne purnaA nAmanA eka bahAdura brAhmaNane vacharInImyo, teno i. sa. 199thI te i. sa. 1810 sudhI amala hatuM. te julamI hato ane teNe I. sa. 1811 sudhImAM 75 lAkha karatAM vadhAre pegoDAza eTale Azare be karoDa rUpIA tIjorImAM ekaThA karyA hatA. rAjA jema jema umare Avato gayo tema tema teNe vacharathI svataMtra thavA IcchuM; paNa AthI vajIrane ghaNuM mAThuM lAgyuM ane tethI rAjA ghaNe gusse thayo. I. sa. 1811mAM rAjAe rAja lagAma potAne hAtha levAne resIDenTane potAno vicAra jAhera kI. I. sa. 1812mAM punaAe potAnI jago cheDI ane rAjAe saghaLo adhikAra potAne hAthe lIdho. punama potAnI jago choDI zrIraMgapaTTaNa jato rahyo, tyAM te thoDA vakhatamAM maraNa pAmyo. rAjAe je vakhata rAja sattA potAne hAtha lIdhI tyAre khajAno tara hato. paNa teNe saghano khajAno thoDA vakhatamAM uDAvI dI ane devAdAra thaI paDyo. teNe sArA varane mATe ghaNI tajavIja karI; paNa koI tene maLI Avyo nahi. tene moja majhA tathA ezaArAma bahu gamatAM, ane je ke te tilaNa buddhivALo ane cAlAka najarano hato to paNa svataMtra rIte rAjya karavAnI tenAmAM zakti nahotI; tethI teno rAjyakArabhAra paDI bhAgavA mAMDyo. teNe rAjya sattA pitAne hAtha lIdhI, tene be varasa thayAM nahi te daramI Ana resIDenTa sAhebe uparI sarakArane rIporTa karyo ke punaAe ekaTho karelo saghaLo khajAno rAjAe uDAvI dI che, ane te devAdAra thaI paDyo che. rAjAne resIDene A bAbata ghaNI zIkhAmaNa dIdhI paNa te niSphaLa gaI. rAjyanI moTI jago paisAnI moTI rakamo ApanArane vecavAmAM AvatI, ne lokone kasorTInI rItathI pADavAmAM AvatA hatA. vaLI mahArAjA riyata upara ghaNe julama karatA hatA, tethI I. sa. 1830mAM nAgara bhAga je hedaranA vakhatamAM mahisuno bhAga nahoto tyAMnI riyate baLavo karyo. AmAMnA keTalAka pAlIgaroe svataMtratA dhAraNa karI ane eka DhoMgI mANasa jene haidare padabhraSTa karyo * A rIta punaAnA vakhatamAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvI hatI.

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( 60 ) hato tene gAdIe khesADyo. jo ke baLavAkhAro sAmenI keTalIka laDAimAmAM rAjAnuM lazkara phateha pAmyuM topaNa tethI khaLavo sabhyo nahi,tethI rAjAne IMgreja sarakAranI madada mAgavAne jarUra paDI ane temanI madadathI khaLavAne zAMta pADyo. mahisuranA rAjyamAM dhaNA gera vahIvaTa cAlatA hateA tethI gavaranarajanarle tenI tapAsa karavAne eka kamITI nImI, te kamITIe gavaranarajanaralane khakhara mApI ke rAjAnA gera inasAphane lIdhe sadhaLI prajA nAkhuza thaI che, pedAzamAM ghaNA ghaTADo thayo che, ane rAjyanA sadhaLA bhAgeAmAM phulama sivAya khIju ke jovAmAM Avatu nathI. AthI gavaranarajanarale rAjA upara eka kAgaLa lakhyo ane mA patramAM gavanarajanarale rAjAne dhamakI batAvI, je saratAthI tene rAjya soMpavAmAM Avyu hatuM tenI ane rAjAnA gera inasAk ane julamanI khabara ApI. have mahisuramAM julama thato hato te aTakAvavAne kamIzanaro nImavAmAM AvyA, ane temane rAjyavahIvaTa sAMpavAne gavarnara janarale rAjAne sakhata tAkIda karI. rAjAe salAha saMpathI I. sa. 1831 mAM sadhaLA adhikAra IMgreja sarakArane soMpI dIdho. rAjAne salAhanA karAra sukha khAnagI kharacane mATe eka lAkha pegADAza ApavAnA TharAva karyo. rAjA pote mahisuranA mahelamAM rahevA lAgyo, gavaranarajanarale rAjyanA vahIvaTa ke kamIzanarane sAMpyo, jemAMne mATeA (sInIysara) gavaranarajanaraNe nImyA ane nAnA (junImbara) madrAsanA gavaranare nImyA. AAmAMnA pahelAnA mata mukhya gaNAtA tethI te rAjA jevA hatA ane tene divAna (junIJara) taraphathI madada maLatI. mA divAnanI jagA i. sa. 1834 sudhI rAkhavAmAM AAvI. i. sa. 1832 sudhI te kamIzanA madrAsanA gavaranaranA hAtha nIce hatA, paNa pachIthI teone inDIgmA sarkAranA hAtha nIce levAmAM mAnyA. A be kamIzanarone khanatuM nahAtuM tethI i. sa. 1934 nA eprIlanI tA. 28 mI kunalamArIzane A dezano kamIzanara nImavAmAM AAvyo. jyAre rAjya vahIvaTa pahela vahelo IMgrejasarakAranA hAthamAM levAmAM mAnyo tyAre gavaranarajanarale madrAsanA avaranarane kamIzanaronA hAtha nIce eka dezI kamITI nImavAne sUcanA karI hatI ane te kaeNArTapha DirekaTare i. sa. 1835 nA sapTembaranI tA. 25 mInA patramAM bula karyuM hatuM. paNa A nyAyanI kArTane zikSA karavAne

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kaMI haka nahato. temanI pharaja phakata gunegAra che ke nahi te zodhI kahADavAnI hatI. zikSA karavAnI sattA rAjAne hAtha hatI, paNa te kacerImAM hAjara thato nahi tethI turaMga kedIthI bharelI rahetI. A saghaLuM dUra karavAne kamIzanara ekalo zaktimAna naheto tethI dezI phojadArone badale cAra yupIana suprITenDenTa nImavAno TharAva thayo. hajura adAlata jemAM jaDane dezI hatA temane nyAyanI uparI sattA rAkhavA dIdhI paNa te zikSA TharAve temAM kamIzanarano mata levo paDato; paNa thoDA vakhata pachI te jagoe eka kamIzanara nImavAmAM Avyo. i. sa. 1443 mAM resIDenTanI jago kahADI nAkhavAmAM AvI. ja. narala kubana, 5chIthI saramAke, je kanalamorIzana pachI kamIzanara nImAyo hato, te I. sa. 1811 sudhI kamIzanara rahyo. AnA vakhatamAM pedAzamAM paNa vadhAro thayo. teNe ghaNA julamI karo kADhI nAkhyA jemAMnA mukha-lagna vakhate levAtA kara, vyabhicAra upara levAtA kara, chokarAMnA janma vakhate levAtA kara, temane nAma ApatI vakhate, ane temanI pahela vahelI hajAmata karAvatI vakhate levAtA kara hatA. teNe jamIna upara levAtA kara ugharAvavAne mATe pAkanI vadhu pramANe pAMca haphatA TharAvyA hatA. rAjA I. sa. 1868 mAM maraNa pAmyo tyAM sudhI te mahisumAM rahete hato. tene kaMI rAjakIya sattA nahotI, paNa tene tenA kharacane mATe upajano pAMcamo bhAga ApavAmAM Avato hato. mahArAjA kRSNarAja vA. DIArane sTAra opha inDIAno mAnavaMto khitAba maLyo hato. I. sa. 1865 nA juna mAsamAM teNe potAnA kuTabanA mukhya gharanA vaMzajane dattaka lIdhuM hatuM. A dattaputre gAdIe besatI vakhate cAmarAjendra nAma dhAraNa karyuM. I. sa. 1818nA eprIla mAsamAM aMgreja sarakAre tene gAdInA vArasa tarIke kabUla karyo tethI kRSNarAja vADIaranA maraNa pachI cha mahIne cAmarAjendra vADIara, je te vakhate kavarasanI umarano hato tene gAdIe besADo. hIjha hAinesa cAmarAjendra vADIara bahAra, je kAcI umaranA hatA ane jemane mAjI rAjAe dattaka lIdhA hatA, temane Igreja sarakAre mahisaranI gAdInA vArasa ane mahArAjA tarIke kabula karyo ane te pu

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(62) na uparanA thAya tyAM sudhI rAjyakArabhAra temanA nAmathI aMgreja sarakAranA mANase calAvA lAgyA. A pramANe karelI goThavaNa amalamAM lAvavAne rAjAne mATe eka aMgreja amaladArane I. sa. 1868 mAM zikSaka tarIke nImavAmAM AvyuM. A vakhate rAjA, je killAmAM raheto hato. tyAMthI bahAra nIkaLavA pAmyo. mahisaranA rAja mahelamAMnA eka taMjurasta mahelamAM rAjAne mATe skUla TheravavAmAM AvI hatI. AmAM rAjyanA amIra umarAvanA chokarAone bolAvavAmAM AvatA hatA ane tyAM rAjAe DA varasanI umare ajyAza zarU karyo. tA. 8 navembara sane 185 nA roja mahArANInA vaDAzAhajAdA prInsa opha velsa muMbAI AvyA hatA. te vakhate mahArAjA muMbAI padhAryA hatA ane zAhajAdAnI mulAkta lIdhI hatI. zAhajAdAe temane hAtha halA ane bIje divase dezI rAjAone AvakAra ApavAne je sabhA TharAvI hatI tyAM temane sArU mAna ApyuM hatuM. tA. 10 navembara sane 185 nA roja zAhajAdAe rAjAne mukAme jaI tenI mulAkata lI. dhI hatI. tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877 nA roja mahArANI vikaTorIAe hiMdane mATe "kasarehiMda" evo khitAba dhAraNa karyo ane te bAbata lArDalITane dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato. A darabAramAM AvavA mATe hidanA moTA moTA rAjA rANAone AmaMtraNa karyuM hatuM tyAM mahArAjA paMDe AvyA hatA. tyAM kaiDelITane temane sArU mAna ApyuM hatuM. rAjAne ghoDA doDAvatAM, zikAra karatAM ane krikeTa ramatAM zIkhavavAmAM AvyuM che. te niyamIta che ane bhaviSamAM huzI Ara thaze evI nIzANI jaNAya che. temane grIka ane leTIna sivAya saghaLuM zIkhavavAmAM AvyuM che. lachamanarAva ane bakasI narasIyA nAmanA mahArAjAnA be bahAdura musAhIbo senApati taraphathI lazkaranA amaladArone saMdezo laI janAra)ne tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1870nA roja dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAre savabahAdurano khitAba ApavAmAM Avyo hato. I. sa. 1881mAM rAjAnI umara 18 varasanI thaI javAthI temane rAjyano kula adhikAra sAMpavAmAM Avyo. mahArAjane rAjakArabhAra soMpatI vakhate temanI ane IMgreja sarakAra vacce keTalIka zarato thaI che te nIce pramANe - buddhiprakAza praSTa 111 sane 1881.

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(63) 1 mahArAjAne ane tene vArasone mahisuranuM rAjya yAvatacaMdra divAko sudhI ApI dIdhuM che. 2 navA killA bAMdhavAne ane junAne marAmata karavAne Igreja sarakAranI paravAnagI joIe. 3 aMgreja sarakAranI paravAnagI vagara rAjyamAM hathIAra ANavAM nahi ane banAvavA nahi. 4 mukarara karI ApelI mAryAdAthI vadhAre lazkara rAkhavuM nahi. 5 aMgreja sarakAranA hukama sivAya koI yuropIanane nokarImAM rAkhavo nahi. 6 jyAM ane jyAre marachamAM Ave tyAM ane tyAre aMgreja potAnA lazkaranI chAvaNI karI zake. 7 relave ane tAra Igreja potAnI najaramAM Ave tyAM karI zake. 8 mI DuM ane aphINa mahisaramAM pakavavAM nahi. 9 vasulAta khAtAnA dhArA aMgreje TharAvyA che tathA rAjyamAM kArabhAranI pahati calAvI che tene mAnya karI te pramANe vahivaTa karavo. 10 vIsa hajArathI kaIka ochI pedAzanuM zrIraMgapaTTaNa nagara Igreja sarakAra mahArAjAne Ape che te levuM ane tene paTe mahArAjAe dara varase pacAsa hajAra rUpIA vadhAre khaMDaNI ApavI. 11 beMgaloranI chAvaNImAM mahArAjAno adhikAra nahi tathA yuropina lokapara paNa nahi. 1ra keTalAMka varasa pachI khaDaNImAM dazahajArane vadhAro karavAmAM Avaze. - hIjhahAInesa mahArAjA cAmarAjendra vADIara bahAdura aMgrejI chAvaNamAM jAya te vakhate lazkarI salAmatI ane 21 topa phoDI mAna ApavAmAM Ave che. temane dIvAnI phojadArImAM kula adhikAra che. mahArAjAnI umara hAla ra5 varasanI che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 1160 ghoDesvAra (sAledAra) 1808 pAyadaLa ane 1 topa che. mahisurae rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. ane te zrIraMgapaTTaNathI nairUtyamAM 10 mAIlane cheTe che. vastI 60000 mANasanI che. temAM 45000 hiMdu 13000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa che. A zaherano vistAra traNa mAIlano che. mahisura cAmulya parvatanI taLeTIe che. zaheranI dakSiNe killo che. temAM rAjAno mahela che. A zaheramAM aMjIranA jhADanA lAkaDAnuM banAveluM che. ane tene hAthI dAMtathI maDI lIdhuM che. evuM kahevAya che ke A tama auraMgajeba bAdazAhe cIkadevarAjane I. sa. 1299mAM ApyuM hatuM. killAnA pazcima taraphanA daravAjA sAme jagata mahAnamahAla nAmanuM suMdara makAna che,

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madhyahiMda ejansI.

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madhyahiMda ejansi tAbAnAM dezI rAjyonAM nAma, rAjakartAnAM nAma, khitAba, umara, jAta, kula jamInanuM kSetraphaLa, vastI, vArasika upajano sumAre AMkaDo, briTiza sarakAra taraphathI maLatAM tepanAM mAna ane gAmanI saMkhyA. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat | naMbara. | rAjyanuM nAma rAjya kaktanuM nAma, khitAba. umara, jAta. kula jamIna nuM kSetra.co vastI. para mAIla. upaja. | khaMDaNI. * to. mAna. zahera tathA | mae| $ ? ( 5 ) - 2 9 2 8 9 lagvAliara mahArAja 14 mareThA ri9046 3115000 12000000 Idora zivAjIrAva mahArAjA 2mareThA 8400 1054000 - 3 bhopALa zAhajaunimagana magana sA zAhajahAnAbegama begama sAhebapa0 aphagAna | 6873 | 954000 4revA vaMkaTaramaNarAmAnu vAdhelA rajajaprasAdasiMga mahArAjA [ pUta. 10000 1300000 25000 00 paucA athateharI mahendra pratApasiMga mahArAjA 35 budelArajapUta 2000 311000 1000000 6dhAra. AnaMdarAvapecAra. mahArAjA 44pavArajapUta 1740 [ 200000 7 devAsa (bhAga) kriznAjIrAva pavAra urphe bAbAsAhebanI ne nAraNarAva pavAra -vAra raja. u dAdAsAheba, mahArAva rAjA 29 pUta | 2576 | 142000 60 0 0 0 0 15 457. dati A. bhavAnIsiMga mahArAjA 44 buMdelA 2ja- 850 | 200000 10000 0 0 15000 15 454 pUta. 4h Www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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* * 2o1 rAjyanuM nAma.|rAja kartAnuM nAma. 9 varA 10 ratalAma 11pannA 12 rAjagaDha 1] 13 narasiMhagaDha pratApasiMga gopAlisaMga pulIsIMga bhavAnasiMga 14 jIvyA 15sIlANA 16 sItAmAMva 17 saMthathara 18 carakArI khitAkha. mahArAjA mahaMmada ismAyalakhA. navAba raNuMjItasiMga caMdrapratApasiMga mahArAna malabahAdurasiMga rAvata 197pora 20/anyagaDha 21 khIjAvara 22 bhAmANI hiMdupata jayasiMgadeva rAja rAja rAjA rAja umara. kSetraphaLa 872 34 paThANu 292AThoDarajapUta 729 40 budelArajapUta2568 JAmata raja. 55 jAta. 37 ematarja. 623 45rAThADarajapUta 1336 51 rAMDhADarajapUta 500 para rAMDhADarajapUta 350 165 gujaraAhIra 135 mahArAjA mahA. sIpA sananAthasiMga rAna ranorasiMga bhAupratApasiMga dAraula suka. 35 buMdelArajapU. 787 22 pAMvAra rajapU. 1169 mahA. savAI 40 budelArajapUta 802 mahA. savA 4 budelArajapUta 973 phIrojajaMga navAma padmamUsalamAna 127 vaMstI. 108000 100000 227000 117200 112000 100000 30200 200000| 142000 42009/11 31000 190000 55000 11 siMdhiyAne 000ho mAna.. zaherata gAma. uyaja: khaMDaNI, 3 800000 1618 001 1300000 66000 13 163 20000 99113 88 50000 5000 sIMdhIyAne 1000(jhA lAvA DanA rAjAne) 11 638 50000 55000 11, 417 hAlakarane |11 785 400000 11 88 143000 14000 100000 858311 287 250000 8583|11| 315 80000 225000 70 10 11 113000 225000| 1degdegdegdeg 100002 321 11 298 11 ( 31 )

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23 AlIrAjapura vajesiMga mahArANA | sIsIA| 2 rajapUta, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 2418vANI jasavaMtasiM ga rAja sIdImAM 131 2 | { rAjapUta 57000 100000 10000 9 312 dhAranArA |. jane | |. 1000 po lIsakharacane mATe igrejane 56400, 1300deg4000 mA 9 30 |LavAnAbhI la korpasa. 39000 17500deg 13160 (hAlI rU. piyA siM dhiyAne. 17200 20000 80000 150000 2000 71000 25 khIla para amarasiMga rAvabahAdura 54 mIcIraja ra73 www.umaragyanbhandar.com berodA 27nAgoda 18 hIra raghubIra dayAlasiMga rAjAbahAdura 48 radhuvaMzIraja 23. jabiMdasiMga rAjA 34 purIhara raja. 450 rilabIrasiMga rAjA 39 jogI | 400 , |

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madhyahiMda ejansI. vAlIara. A deza gvAlIara athavA "siMdhionuM rAjya" e nAmathI oLakhAya che ane tenA rAjakI mareThA jAtanA kaNabI che tathA te "siMdhi mahArAjA" evI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanA mulakanI AkRti vAMkI cukI che temAM mugalAI kArakirdImAMnA AgrA subAmAne thoDo bhAga, mALavA subAmAne ghaNe bhAga ane dakSiNa prAMtamAne che ke bhAga Avelo che. A prAMtamAM je mukhya bhAga che tenI sImA nIce pramANe che-IzAna koNa tarapha caMbala nadI tathA tenI pelImira etAvA ane AgrA jIllA, pUrve budelakhaMDa, sAgara prAMta ane narmadA nadInA kAMThAne prAMta, dakSiNe bhopALa ane dhAranA rAjAno mulaka, pazcime rAjagaDha, jhAlAvADa tathA koTAnAM rAjya ane vAvya koNamAM caMbala nadI tathA tenI pelImera lapura saMsthAna tathA rAjapUsthAnane bIjo mulaka Avelo che. A rAjyane vistAra raha046 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTalo che. ane temAM 10346 gAma tathA zahera maLIne che. vastI Azare 3100000 (ekatrIsalAkha) mANasanI che temAM 2770000 hiMdu 110000 musalamAna 12000 jana dharmanA loka, 197000 asalI jAtanA loko ane bIjA paracuraNa lokanI vastI che. vArSika upaja-12000000 (eka karoDa vIsa lAkha)ne Azare thAya che. dezanu svarUpa--upara je mukhya bhAga batAvyo tenI IzAna koNane chevA bhAga mAlarAna che. ane tyAMnI jamIna utaratA pratanI che. vAlIara zaheranI AsapAsa keTalAka mAIla sudhIne bhAga uco nIce ane temAM chuTaka chuTaka garIo che, jemAMnI eka garI upara gyAlIarano killo bAMdhelo che. vacalo bhAga je mALavA te sapATa ane kaLa85 che. e bhAganI ucAI samudra sapATIthI 4500 phuTa sudhInI che. A rAjyanA mulakano eka bhAga vidhyAtri ane sAtapuDAnA pahADa

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(69) upara thaIne dakSiNamAM gaelo che. te bhAga labo paNa sAMko tho che. vidhyAdri parvatanI uttare e bhAgane je uttAra che te uttara tathA IzAna koNa taraphano che. nadIo -dakSiNa taraphanA mulakamAM narmadA ane tApI e be nadIo mukhya che. te pUrva taraphathI AvI pazcima tarapha jAya che. caMbala nadI, A rAjyanI vAvyakoNa tathA uttara dIzA ane IzAna koNanI sarahada upara vahe che. tene kSiprA choTIkALI, siMdha ane pArvatI vagere nadIo maLe che. e badhI bhegI thaI caMbala nAmathI A rAjyanI hada cheDyA pachI 20 mAIla upara jamanA nadIne maLe che. upara batAvelI siMdha nadIne kohArI, AzAna, saMkha ane bIjI keTalIeka nadIo maLe che. jamIna tathA nipaja-mALavA prAMta bahu rasALa ane AbAda che. ane temAM aphINa, ghauM, bAjarI, DAMgara, makAI, kaThoLa, tala, divelI, zeraDI, kapAsa, tamAku vagerenuM vAvetara karavAmAM Ave che. aphINane mATe khasakhasanA cheDanI ropaNI karavAmAM Ave che. vepAramAM aphINa, kapAsa, ghau ane raMga caDhAvavAnI jaNa vagare paradeza khAte mokalavAmAM Ave che. janAvara-vAgha, dIpaDAM, rIMcha, varU, vagaDAu kutrA, ziALavAM, ziALa, haraNa, bha, baLada, vAMdarAM, sasalAM vagere che. parikSamAM gIdha pakSI, garUDa samaDIo, kAgaDA, popaTa vagere che. nadIomAM magara ane mAchalAM dha NAM hoya che. sApanI ghaNI jAte che. loka-hiMdu ane musalamAna che. hiMdamAM rajaputa, marAThA, budelA, jATa ane bIjI ghaNI jAtanA lokache. bharaThA mukhyatve karIne lazkaramAM tathA dakSiNa bhAgamAM vase che. AkhI vastIno vIsamA bhAga musalamAnono che. vizeSa vastI rajaputonI che. relave-khaMDavAthI dora vacce holakara sarakAranI relave ane eka tarapha gvAlibathI AgrA sudhInI relave; temaja bIjI tarapha nImaca sudhI siMdhio sarakAranI relave che. e relave lAIno A rAjyanA keTalAka bhAgamAM thaIne jAya che. mukhya zahera-gvAlIara e A rAjyanA cheka uttara bhAgamAM AgrAthI dakSiNamAM 25 mAIla upara AveluM relave sTezanavALuM zahera che. rAjakartA mahArAjA siMdhiA sarakAranI rAjadhAnI gvAlIaranA killA nIce lazkara nAmanI chAvaNImAM che. vAli arathI thoDe dara IgrejI chAvaNI che temAM resIDenTa tathA aMgrejI lazkara rahe che. ujaNa e nAmanuM

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prAcIna zahera kSIprA nadIne kinAre che ane temAM parakha bhaMjana vikrama rAjAnI rAjadhAnI hatI. A zahera eka relave sTezana che. vAlIbaranA rAjyamAM moTo sarasubo ujaNa che. barAnapura-e musalamAnonI vastIvALu zahera dakSiNa bhAgamAM jI. AI. pI. relave upara eka sTezana che. A zaheramAM zelAM, pAghaDIo, kuTA sALa, kasabI tathA resamI buTAdAra kApaDa ane malamala vagera kArIgarInI jaze sArI bane che. caMderIe zahera mALavAnA IzAna koNanA bhAgamAM che. temAM chaNa tathA uttama kArIgarIthI sutarAu kApaDa bane che, ane te caderI kApaDane nAme oLakhAya che. pAdhaDIo, TopaTA vagere sArAM thAya che. A sivAya A chezamAM jADuM kApaDa, galIcA, zetrajIo vagare dezanA dareka bhAgamAM thAya che. A sivAya bIjA moTAM zahera ratanagaDha, rAnera, bhelasAbhiMDa ane haMDIo vagere prasiddha zaheze che. A rAjyanuM posTa khAtu mahArAjA taraphathI IlAyaku cAlatuM hatuM paraMtu sane 1885 nI sAlathI IgrejasarakAre potAne havAle karI lIdhuM che. dattakanI sanada-A rAjyane mATe je rAjakartA mahArAjA bIna pharajaMda maraNa pAme to vagara najarANAM Ape hiMdudharmazAstra pramANe dattaka levAnI sanaMda nAmadAra briTiza sarakAra taraphathI maLelI che. vaLI pAdazAhI vAvaTo sane 1870nI sAlamAM nAmadAra mahArANI vikaTorIA taraphathI maLelo che. | ItihAsa--A rAjya gvAlIara athavA siMdhionuM rAjya e nAmathI oLakhAya che ane tenA rAjakartA mahArAjA jAte mareThA che. A rAjyanI sthApanA karanAra rANesidhio thayA. rANojInA vaDIla siMdhi' nAmanA hatA. tathA te satArA jIllAmAM kanerakheDa nAmanA gAmamAM rahetA hatA ane te e gAmanI paTalAI karatA hatA. rAjInA vaDIlo bedaranA pAdazAha pAse lazkarI nokarI karatA hatA. paraMtu rANobane te nokarI maLI nahi tethI temanA gharamAM garIbAIe vAsa kIdho hato. AvA vakhatamAM te I. sa. 114 mAM savAre gayo ane tyAMnA maThA mahArAja zAhanA pradhAna bAlAjI vizvanAtha pezvAnA tAbAmAM nAnI * kolhApuranA rAjA sAthe laDavAmAM bAlAjIvizvanAthe satArAnA zAha rAjAnI sArI nokarI bajAvelI tethI tene pezvA" evI paddhi maLI hatI. pezvA e zabdano artha pradhAna thAya che.

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(71) ane khAnagI nokarI kabUla karI. A nekarImAM tene pezvAnAM pagarakhAM (jeDA) saMbhALavAnuM kAma hatuM. bAlAjI vizvanAtha I. sa. 1720 mAM mane raNa pAmyo tene kAraNe teno putra bAjIrAva pradhAna thayo. bAjIrAva pezvA e rANajI siMdhiAnI khabaDadArI joI tene sIledArInI nokarI ApI. dilhInA kamaLa pAdazAha mahamadazAhanA vajIra saiyada husenanI madade I. sa. 1718 mAM bAlAjI vizvanAtha mareThI phoja laIne dilhI gayo hato. pAdazAhe tene dakSiNanI cotha, saradezamukhI ane punA ane satArAnA tAbAnA mulakanI svarAcho lekha karI Apyo hato, tethI te haka ugharAvavAne bAjIrAva pezvA khAnadeza tathA mALavA tarapha jato hato. pezvAnI A svArImAM rAjasiMdhio paNa sAthe jatA hatA. pezvAe temanI A vakhatanI bahAdurI jeIne pAyagAnA mukhatikhAra karyA tathA I. sa. 1725 mAM mALavAmAM mareThAnI cothAIno amala karavA mATe rAjIne te prAMta kharacamAM Apyo. - I. sa. 1776mAM dilhInA pAdazAha mahamadazAha pAsethI khaMDaNI tathA keTalAeka mulaka bAjIrAva pezvAe mAgyo. te pAdazAhe Apyo nahi, tethI bAjIrAva pezvA rAgojI siMdhio ane mahAvarAva halakara, e traNe maLI dilhI upara caDhAI karI. A caDhAImAM te hAryA ane pAchA pharyA, paraMtu I. sa. 1738mAM temanI sAme pAdazAha taraphathI dakSiNano subedAra nijAma caDhI Avyo. A baMne taraphanA lazkaranI bheTa bopALa pAse thaI, temAM mareThAoe nijAmanA pAdazAhI lazkarane gherI lIdhuM. A gherAmAMthI chUTavA nijAme pAdazAhanI vatI Akho mALavA prAMta, narmadA ane caMbala nadInI vace deza tathA rU5000000 (pacA salAkha) rokaDA ApI pAdazAha pAse lekha karAvI Apo. I. sa. 1739mAM uttara kokaNamAM vasAI vagerenA killA phIraMgIo pAsethI bAjIrAva pezvAnA bhAI cImanA ApA ane raNajI sidhio e maLI svArI karI jItI lIdhA. evAmAM irAnathI nAdIrazAhanI sArI dilhI upara AvI. te vakhate bAjIrAva dilhI tarapha hato. teNe nAdIra zAhanI sAme thavA rANojI siMdhione bolAvyo eTale te phoja laI dilhI tarapha Avyo. A khabara sAMbhaLI nAdIrazAha thoDI luTaphATa karI pAcho jato rahyo. mareThAoe je mulaka mAnavAmAM bhiLavyo hato tenI

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(32) sanada padazAha pAse karAvI lIdhI. A vakhata pAdazAha ane mareThA (pezvA) vacce je karAra thayA temAM pAdazAha taraphathI khAtrIdAra jyapuranA rAjA jayasihajI ane pezvA taraphathI khAtrIdAra rANajI siMdhio thayA hatA. A vakhata mareThI lazkaramAM rAja siMdhio ane mahAvarAva helakara e be jorAvara saradAse hatA. rAja siMdhio I. sa. 1750mAM mALavA prAMtanA subhalapura, maura, ane rANIgaMja e jagAnI vacce maraNa pAmyA. temanI rANI - nAbAIthI thaelA yAjI, datAjI, ane joItAjI, e traNa putra hatA. tathA eka rajaputa rANI cImAbAIne mAdhavajI tathA tukALa e nAmanA be putra hatA. rANajI siMdhiAnI pachI jyArAva saradAra thayA. A vakhata mareThI rAjyanA aMge mAM varADamAM rAdhAjI bhauzalAnuM rAjya, dhAmAM AnaMdarAva pavAranuM, vaDodarAmAM dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADanuM, mALavAnA dakSiNa bhAgamAM mahAvarAva halakaranuM, mALavAnA izAna koNanA bhAgamAM nyAjIrAva siMdhiAnuM, akalakoTamAM phatehasiMha bhAMsalAnuM, kolhApuramAM zAhurAjAnA pItrAI bhAI saMbhAjInuM ane cheka dakSiNamAM taMjAvaramAM sivAchanA bhAInA vaMzanuM e pramANe marAThI rAjya hatAM. A badhAM rAjyovALA pota potAnI jamInane peTe phoja rAkhatA, tathA pezvAnA hukamamAM rahetA hatA; paraMtu kolhApura ane tajAvaranA rAjAe pote satArAnA mahArAjAnA kuTuMbI hovAthI te pezvAthI svataMtra hatA. rohIlakhaMDamAM zahIlA lokoe baMDa karyuM, te lokono nAza karavA mATe dilhInA vajIre jayAjIrAva siMdhio, mahAvarAva halakara ane bharatapuranA jATarAjA surajamala, e traNa saradArone bolAvyA. temaNe tyAM jaI baMDakhorone harAvI baMDa besADI dIdhuM. ane halakhaMDano mulaka tANe karI lIdho. A vakhate temaNe traNe jaNAe te mulakanI vaheMcaNa karI lIdhI. mALavAno mulaka pezvA bAlAjI (bIjA) e mareThI saradArone I. sa. 175mAM vaheMcI Apo temAM siMdhiAne bhAga 37000000 (sIteralAkha)no mulaka Avyo hato. - I. sa. 1759mAM mAravADanI gAdInA hakabAbata vijyasiMha ane rAmasiMha vacce laDAI uThI. rAmasiMhe pezvAnI madada mAgavAthI jayAjIrAva siMdhi A phoja laIne te tarapha gayA. jayAjIrAva nAgoranI pAse

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(73) chAvaNI karI paDyA hatA tyAM vijyasiMhe mArA mikalyA; temaNe temane dagAthI mAryo. A maraNanA badalAmAM mareThAne ajamerane killo ane mAravADanI jamInamAMthI cotha maLavA TharAva thayo. A veLA eTale I. sa. 1758mAM jayAjIrAva pachI siMdhiAnI gAdIe temanA bhAI datAjIrAva AvyA. datAjIrAve potAnA bhAinI hayAtImAM I. sa. 1751mAM haidrAbAdanA nijAmano beTo salAbatapaMga punA upara caDhI Avyo hato tenA sAme laDI tene tyAMthI nasADI muko hato. temaja I. sa. 1755mAM pezvAnA bhAI radhunAtharAve amadAvAdane kabaje karyuM, te vakhata paNa te radhunAtharAvanI madadamAM mukhya hatA. I. sa. 158nI sAlamAM pezvAnA bhAI raghunAtharAvanI saradArI nIce mareThI lazkara paMjAbamAM gayuM ane lAhorane jItI lIdhuM. A veLA mareThI rAjyano amala hiMdusthAnanA ghaNAkharA bhAgamAM patharAI gayo hato. lAharanI chata pachI kAbulane pAdazAha ahamadazAha abadalI, rohIlAno saradAra najIba udadAlA ane adhA (lakhanera)navAba sujAuda-daulA eTalA jaNa mareThI lazkara sAme caDhI AvyA. mareThI lazkaramAM datAjIrAva sidhio ane mahAvarAva helakara baMne saradAro hato. musalamAna ane mareThA vacce dilhInI pAsenA rUdhIra gAma AgaLa mahAbhArata yuddha thayuM; jemAM datAjIrAva siMdhio marAyA ane mareThAnI hAra thaI I.sa. 1758. upalI laDAImAM datAjIrAva marAyA tathA tyArapachI temanA bhAI joItA paNa teja varasamAM dIganI pAsenA kubera pAse eka laDAImAM marAyA hatA tethI temanA vaDA bhAI jayAjIrAvanA vaDA putra ja kojha siMdhiAnuM pada pAmyA. lAheranI laDAInA vakhatathI mareThA ane musalamAna vacce raNasthaMbha ropAyo hato ane tethI laDAIo cAlu hatI. tA. 0mI jAnyuArI sane 1861 nA roja poDhI AmAM pANIpatanA medAnamAM mArA ane musalamAno vacce dArUNa yudha makhyuM. mareThA harahara mahAdeva ane musalamAno dinadina ema pokAra mAratA talavAro uchAravA maMDyA. baporanA be vAgatA sudhI yuddha cAlyuM. e vakhate pezvAno putra vizvarAva, senApati sadAzivarAva ane je kojIrAva siMdhio vagere dhaNa saradAre raNamAM paDyA. A veLA pahelAMthI mahAvarAva holakara ane dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADa nAzI chUTayA hatA. mareThI phoja mAMnA hajAro yoddhAo 10

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( 74 ) raNamAM paDyA, hajAro nAsatAM marAyA ane je musalamAnone hAtha pakaDAyA temane bahu nirdayatAthI mAryA. mareThI lazkaramAM je strIo ane chokarAM hatAM temAMnI khuba surata strIonI AbarU lIdhI tathA bAkInAne gulAma karI lIdhAM. A yuddhamAM mareThI podhA Azare be lAkhamarAyA hatA. ja kojIrAva siMdhio upalA yudhamAM marAyA tethI siMdhionI vaMzamAM mAdhajI ane tukAjI e be bhAI rahyA. je muLa purUSa rANejInI rajaputa rANInA putra hatA. jaMkojInI jagae kone kAyama karavo e vize savAla uThaze, temAM mAdhavarAva pezvAnA bhAI radhunAtharAvane vicAra mAnAjI urphe phAMkaDene saradArI ApavI ema hato, paraMtu nAnA phaDanavIza ane harIpaMtha phaDakee mAdhavarAva pezvAne samajAvI saradArAno pozAka i. sa. 1760 mAM mAdhajIne apAvyo. mAdhajIne loko "pATIlabAvA" e nAmathI oLakhatA hatA. pANIpatanI laDAImAMthI A mAdhajI nAThA hatA te veLA eka paThANe temanI pachADI paDI baMdukanI goLI mArI hatI tethI mAdhajI te vakhatathI laMgaDA thayA hatA. tyAMthI temane eka pakhAlI sAcavIne lAvyo hato. je vakhata pezvAnA bhAI radhunAtharApe mAnAjI phAMkaDeno pakSa kayo hato, te veLA mAdhajI rIsAine ahamadanagara pAse rAya meha nAme gAma che tyAM jatA hahyA hatA. e . kANe manasurazAha nAmano phakIra raheto hato tenI temaNe sevA kIdhI hatI, tethI jyAre temane siMdhiAnI saradArIno pozAka maLyo tyAre jANe te phakIranA AzirvAdathI maLyo hoya tema samajI tene jAgIra ApI, temaja pelA pakhAlIne paNa jAgIra ApI hatI. uttara hiMdusthAnamAM mareThAoe je mulaka meLavyo hato te I. sa. 161 nI pANIpatanI laDAI vakhata jato rahyo hato, tethI mAdhavarAva siMdhio, tukALa helakara, vizALa kRSNa banAyAse ane rAmacaMdra gaNeza kAnaDe emaNe maLI pharIthI deza jItavA mATe svArI karI ane keTalAeka mulaka meLavyo. A veLA eTale I. sa. 11 mAM dilhIno pAdazAha zAhaAlama kaMpanI sarakAra taraphathI namaka khAIne besI raheto hato tene A saradAroe tA. 25 mI DIsembaranA roja phera dilhInA taw upara besADyo. Isa. 1772 mAM mAdhavarAva pezvA maraNa pAmyo, te khabara mA

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(75). dha sidhione thavAthI te pune gayA ane nAnA phaDanavIsane maLI ghunAtharAvane punethI nasADI mukyo. raghunAthArAvanI pakSamAM kaMpanI sarakAra thaI ane tene punAnI gAdIe besADavA mATe eka moTI phoja taiyAra karI. te phojanI eka ToLa gUjarAta tarapha gaI ane bIjI TaLI punA tarapha AvI. je ToLI punA tarapha AvI. tenI sAme punAnI phoja pazcima mamAM talI gAma che tyAM jaIne ubhI rahI.. A ThekANe laDAI thaI temAM kaMpanInI phoja hArI ane Thasava thayo ke raghunAtharAvane nAnA phaDanavIsanA tAbAmAM sAMpavo ane tene soMpatAM sudhI be yuropa ane amalajone jAmInamAM rAkhavA mATe kaMpanIe soMpavA. thoDA divasa pachI kaMpanIe raghunAtharAvane lAvI raju karyo ane tene nAnAphaDanavIse keda kayo. I. sa. 16 mAM kaMpanIe punAnA kArabhArIo sAthe bolI karI ne vasAI tathA gUjarAtanI cothane peTe pezvAno bhAga ane bharUca pAse rU300000 (traNa lAkha) nI upajano mulaka lI hatI te pAcho ApIne kaMpanIe sANI vagere potAnI pAse rAkhavuM ema TharAvI salAha karI. " AgaLa jaladIthI punAnA darabAra vize aMgreja kaMpanInA manamAM vahema' Avyo tethI laDAIno AraMbha thayo. A laDAI cAra varasa sudhI cAlI, temAM janarala gArDa sAheba nAmanA eka aMgreja saradAre kalakatA taraphathI AvIne e laDAIomAM parAkrama batAvyAM. utara hiMdusthAnamAM jemanAM nadIne kinAre aMgreje ane siMdhio vacce laDAI zarU thaI temAM karnala pophAma gvAlIarano killo lI; paNa e laDAIthI Igrejone phAyado tho nahi. temane vasAI ane gujarAtamAM ghaNe mulaka cheDI devo paDya; temaja raghunAtharAvane aMgrejoe Azraya Apavo nahi tathA ijha e hadanA rANAnA rakSaNa sArU siMdhio sAthe laDAI mAMDI hatI. te hadanA rANAne mulaka tathA bIjA rAjya siMdhio levA mAMDe to. Igrejoe harakata karavI nahi e pramANe sAlayA mukAme tA. 17 mi sane 152 nA roja kalakarAra thayA. eja sAlamAM aMgrejI ane marAThA vacce vasAI mukAme kalakarAra thayA, te AdhAre Igrejoe mAdhachasiM-- dhiAne bharUca vagare ApyuM. raghunAtharAvanI cAlathI pezvAno adhikAra jhAMkhe thaze ane mAdhajI siMdhiAno vicAra pezvAthI chuTA paDI svataMtra rAjaya sthApavA mATe thayo. mareThI rAjyano pAyo lu thayAno AraMbha paNa ethI ja thayo.

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gohadano rANe ke jeNe mareThAo sAthe virodha mAMDI ane sAthe dostI bAMdhI hatI. tene aMgrejoe madada karavA kapatAna pokAmane i. sa. 1780mAM gehada mokalyo. te tyAM gayo. teNe tathA gehadanA rANAe maLI gvAlIara gaDha jItI lIdho paNa thoDA divasa pachI mAdhajI siMdhio, Igreje ane gehadanA rANAnI sAme thayA ane temanA upara tUTI paDyA ane gvAlIara maDhane i. sa. 18ramAM pAcho jItI lIdhuM. dilhInA vachare zAhaAlama pAdazAhane keda karyo hato tethI mAdhajI sidhioe dilhI jaIne tene choDo, A vakhatathI mAdhajI dilhInI pAdazAhImAM karatA haratA thayA hatA. pAdazAhanA mukhya kArabhArI pezvA ane pezvAnI vatI siMdhiA kAma calAve evI sanada pAdazAha pAsethI lakhAvI lIdhI. A vakhata dilhI ane AgrA e be prAMta mAdhachasiMdhiAne maLyA ane pAdazAhane rU5000 (pAMsaTha hajAra) siMdhaAe nAmanoka bAMdhI ApI. vaLI pAdazAha pAsethI eka pharamAna lakhAvI lIdhuM hatuM. tethI hiMdusthAnamAM koI musalamAna gAyano vadha kare nahi. cheDA divasa pachI doAba, alIgaDha, ane rAghavagaDha vagare eka pachI eka ema jagAo kabaje karI. pezvA taraphathI rAja prakaraNa bAbatomAM aMgrejo sAthe vAMdhA paDatA tenA javAba mAdhajI siMdhio ApatA hatA, tethI nAnA phaDanavIsane dezata lAgI ke mAdhajI baLavAna thatA jAya che. tema jANI aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI eka resIDenTa mAgI lI ane tene punAmAM rAkho. have mAdhavajIe I. sa. 18pamAM phrenca lokane bolAvI potAnI nokarImAM rAkhyA tathA temane kavAyata zIkhavI DIboInanA tAbAmAM kavAyatI phoja banAvI. A phojathI siMdhioe jayapura upara caDhAI karI. jayapuranA rAjA pratApasiMhanI saradArI nIce rAjapUtANanAM mAravADa, ane bIjA rAjyonAM lakara I. sa. 1780mAM TAMgA mukAme khaDAM thayAM. baMnenA lazkara vace te mukAme laDAI thaI, temAM rAjapUto chata pAmyA ane DIbAinanA te pacIone kApI nAkhyA, paraMtu teno badalo siMdhiAe I. sa. 1791mAM lI. paTanA ane maranA AgaLa laDAI thaI temAM rAjapUtonI hAra thaI ane siMdhioe temanA upara khaMDaNI chesADI. A vakhata mAdhavajInI gerahAjarIno lAbha laIne dilhInA pAdazAha zAhaAlamanI gulAma kAra AMkho phoDI nAkhI tathA dilhImAM baMDa

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(77) karyuM. A khabara jANu mAdhajI dilhI gayA ane gulAmakAdarane keda karI pAdazAhane chUTo karyo. mAdhajI dilhIthI parabhA jodhapura gayA ane keTalIka mudata thayAM ajamera mAravADanA rAjAnA kabajAmAM gayuM hatuM te pAchuM jItI lIdhuM ane rAjAne kabaje karyo. mAdhajI pote bahAdura hatA ane vaLI kenya lone nokarImAM rAkhI eka sArU lazkara tathA tapakhAnuM ubhu kIdhuM hatuM tethI te jyAM jyAM gayA tyAM jIta pAmyA. siMdhio ane helakara e be marAThA rAjAo vacce kusaMpe dhara karyuM hatuM tethI temanI baMnenI vacce ajameranI pAse laDAI thaI. pezvAI nabaLI paDI gaI hatI tethI temane koI vALanAra rahyuM nahotuM. A laDAImAM telakara hA ane siMdhionI jIta thaI. AthI punAnA darabAranA kArabhArIo paNa siMdhiothI - ravA lAgyA. siMdhioe prayAganI uttara ane pazcima taraphano ghaNe mulaka tAbe karI lIdho hato. punAmAM IgrejonuM parIbaLa vadhI paDayuM hatuM te ochuM karavuM ema vicAra karI I. sa. 1782 mAM mAdhajI pune gayA. A vakhata siMdhiAnA tAbAmAM Azare ATha karoDa rUpI AnI upajane mulaka hato tathA ghaNuM rAjAo upara pote khaMDaNI besADI hatI. te jyAre pune maLyA tyAre dilhInA pAdazAha taraphathI pezvAne mATe vacharano khitAba karAvI lAvyA hatA te pezvAne raju karyo. - I. sa. 184 mAM mArA tathA haidrAbAda nijAma emanI vacce sAtha bAbata kajIo kha thaze ane turataja mAdhajI punAnI pAsenA pAnavaDI gAmamAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI temanA bhAInA putra dolatarAva dattaka thaI gAdIe beThA. A veLA temanI umara 16 varasanI hatI. haidrAbAdanA nijhAme pezvAne khaMDaNI nahi ApavAthI mareThI lazkara nijAma upara gayuM. baMne vacce kudalA AgaLa laDAI thaI. nijAma kAryo ane teNe rU30000000 (traNa karoDa) tathA keTalAka prAMta mareThAne ApyA. A laDAImAM latarAva siMdhioe pezvA tarapha mukhya bhAga lIdhe hato. I.sa. 1795. eja sAlamAM mAdhavarAva pezvAnuM tenA pradhAna nAnA phaDanavIsa AgaLa kaMI cAlatuM nahotuM tethI kheda pAmI agAzI upara caDhI tyAMthI paDatuM mukI ApaghAta karI maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI punAnI gA

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(78). dIe besavAne haka bAjIrAvano hato. paNa nAnAphaDanavIse keTalAka vakhata sudhI tene gAdI upara besavA dIve nahi ane bhAre khaTapaTa calAvI paNa chevaTa latarAva siMdhiAnI madada maLavAthI phaDanavIze tene gAdIe besADyo. bAjIrAva pezvA rAja calAvavAne lAyaka nahoto. teNe keTalIeka khaTapaTo karavA mAMDI ane te khaTapaTomAMthI dolatarAva sidhio ane nAnA pharavAsane aMdara aMdara laDAI saLagI. siMdhiAe eka Akho divasa ane rAta punA zahera lUTayuM tethI mArAmArI ane kApAkApI cAlI jemAM ghaNA lokonA jIva gayA. nAnAphaDanavIsane pakaDI ahamadanagaranA killAmAM keda rAkhyo tathA tene ThekANe dolatarAve potAnA sasarA gATagene pradhAna banAvyo. gATagee lokone mAra mArIne tathA ghaNAnA prANa laIne nANAM kaDhAvyAM. lazkare pagArane mATe baMDa karyuM, temaja mareThI saradAre aMdara aMdara tophAna karavA lAgyA. chevaTa bAjIrAva pezvAe gATagene dUra karI nAnA phaDanavIsane kedamAMthI kahADI pradhAna banAvyo. A vakhata dolatarAva siMdhio hiMdusthAnamAM hatA tyAM temanI ane jasavaMtarAva halakara vacce laDAI cAlatI hatI, jemAM hajAro yoddhA kapAI muA I. sa. 1800. A laDAImAM holakara hAryo. A baMnenI laDAImAM pezvA siMdhiAnI pakSamAM hato tethI halakara vera vA pune gayo. bAjIrAva pezvA punA choDI vasAI jato rahyo, eTale halako bAjIrAvanA bhatrIjAne punAnI gAdIe besADyo I. sa. 14 02. bAjIrAva vasAI gayo ane muMbaInA gavaranara sAthe salAha karI. A salAhamAM ema TharyuM ke "bAjIrAva IMgreja sarakArane ra0 lAkha rUpiAno mulaka Ape tathA aMgrejI phoja nekarImAM rAkhe. bIjA koI yuropI ane noka - rImAM rAkhavo nahi, tathA pararAjyo sAthe kaMI paNa kAma paDe to resIDeranI mAraphata te kAma calAve." A TharAvathI aMgrejoe bAjIrAvane phera punAnI gAdIe besADyo. IgrejI lazkara bAjIrAvane laIne pune gayuM eTale siMdhio ane helakara punAmAMthI nIkaLI gayA. igreja sarakAre dolatarAva siMdhiAne kahevaDAvyuM ke tamAre have mALavAmAM jaIne rahevuM, temaja nasale vagare saradArane paNa kahevaDAvyuM ke temaNe paNa pota potAne ThekANe jaIne rahevuM. A vAta temaNe kabula nahi karavAthI janarala vesalIe mareThI saradAro upara cotaraphathI phoje mokalI A

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(79) vakhata latarAvasiMdhi ane radhucha bhoMsalenA maLIne 50 hajAra svAra, 30 hajAra kavAyatI pedala ane ghaNI topo hatI, temaja bIjA lUTArU lAka paNa temane AvI maLyA hatA. aMgrejo ane mareThA vacce asAI AgaLa bhAre laDAI thaI, jemAM siMdhio vagerenuM mareThI lazkara hArIne nA ane aMgrejoe AsIragaDha, barAnapura, pAvAgaDha paMcamahAla ane bharUca vagere mulaka tAbe karI lI. hiMdusthAnamAM phera dilhI AgaLa lekinI sAme temane laDAI thaI. e laDAImAM siMdhioe ghaNuM majabuta TakAva karyo, paraMtu potAnAM ghaNAM mANasa marAyAthI dilhI ane AgrA paNa aMgrejoe jItI lIdhAM. have siMdhione aMgrejo sAthe salAha karavAnI jarUra paDI. temaNe tA. ra7mI phebruArI sane 1804nA roja sIracha aMje gAmane mukAme mejara mAlakamanI rUbarU kabula karyuM ke "gaMgA ane jumanAM vacceno mulaka, tathA jayapura, jodhapura ane gehadanAM rAjyanI uttara taraphano mulaka tathA bharUca killo ane te prAMta eTaluM siMdhioe aMgrejone ApavuM; temaja ahamadanagarano killo tathA te prAMta pezvAne Apavo; aMjIThI te godAvarI nadI sudhIno saghaLo prAMta nijAmane Apavo. dilhIno 5dazAha zAhaAlama, pezvA ane nijAma tathA AnaMdarAvA gAyakavADa, emanA upara je je dAvA heya te choDavA. bharatapura, jodhapura, jayapura, mAcerI (alavara), buMdI, ane gohadanAM rAjyone udapadra kara nahi, ane aMgrejonA tra je bIjA yuropIana tathA amerIkana temane nokarImAM rAkhavA nahi: A pramANe siMdhioe kabula karyuM. i. grejoe AzIragaDha, barahAnapura, pAvAgaDha paMcamahAla vagare je kilA lIdhA hoya te ane siMdhiAnA mokAsA, dezamukhI vagere haka pAchA ApavAne, temaNe ApelI nImako vagare calAvavAnuM kabUla karyuM. AgaLa turata 1000 pedala ane topakhAnuM eTaluM laskara siMdhiAnA rakSaNa mATe aMgrejoe rAkhavuM ane tenA kharacane peTe pahelA lakhelA mulako sivAya kaMI mAgavuM nahi evo karAra lakhAyo. A karAramAM ema paNa lakhAyuM hatuM ke ridhi AnA rAjyamAM IMgrejI resIDenTa rahe tathA siMdhioe dakSiNa tarapha javuM nahi. sane 1805nI sAlamAM bharatapuranA rAjAe aMgrejone maLyA uparAMta

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( 80) siMdhio tathA helakara sAthe vizeSa sneha karyo ane A baMnenI phoje ajamera tarapha AvI. sidhio ane aMgrejo vacce bIgADa thavAnAM kAraNa hatAM, temAM gehadanA rANAne kaMI mulaka na Ape ane pote vAlIara levuM evI latarAvasiMdhiAnI marajI hatI. temanA divAna sarajerAva gATagee athavA tenA bIjA lokoe Igreja resIDenTanA baMgalAmAM lUMTa karI hatI, te paNa Igrejo sAthe bigADa nahi thavA mATe temanA manamAM hatuM. gavaranara janarala lorDa kAnevAlIsane vicAra siMdhio tathA helakara sAthe salAha karavAno thayo ane tethI tema karavA mATe janaralalekane hukama karyo. AthI tA. 23 navembara 1875nA roja mI. mAlakalamanI vidhamAna salAha thaI temAM ema TharyuM ke gvAlIara tathA gehada prAMta siMdhione pAchA ApavA. caMbala nadI, e Igrene tathA siMdhio e beunA rAjyonI sImA jANavI. sidhiAno mulaka AgalI salAha pramANe che ne pAse Avyo hato, temAM temanA haka vimere hatA te temaNe choDavA ane tene badale aMgrejoe temane dara sAla 30 lAkha rUpIA sekaDA ApavA tathA temanI rANI ane putrIne traNa lAkhanI jAgIra ApavI; mALavA, mevADa, ane mAravADanA mulakamAMthI sipiAne khaMDaNI ApanArA udayapura, jodhapura, koTA vagaranA rAjA sAthe Igrejoe salAha karavI nahi tathA siMdhioe tApI tathA caMbala e nadIo vacceno mulaka helakara pAsethI lIdho hato te vize temaNe kaMI bolavuM nahi. upalA karArathI behada ane gvAlI sarasiMdhionA tAbAmAM AvyAM paraMtu gohada prAMta rANa kIratasiMhanA tAbAmAM hato, tethI te badala - NAne lapura, bArA, ane rAja kheDAnAM pragaNuM ApyAM. A pragaNuMmAMnuM dholapuranuM rAjya banyuM ane te "lapuranuM rAjya" e nAmathI oLakhAya che tathA te rAjya rAjaputANAmAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvyuM che. atyAra sudhI siMdhiAnI rAjagAdInuM eka cokasa ThekANuM nahotuM te have gvAlIaramAM thayuM. I. sa. 181mAM piDhArAone vaza karavA mATe aMgreja sarakAre lazkara bhegu karavA mAMDayuM. A piMDhArA sAmenI laDAImAM dolatarAva siMdhio paNa potAnuM lazkara laIne sAmela thayA hatA. pIDhArAone

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( 81 ) narama pADyA ane temanA AgevAna amIrakhAna aMgrejone zaraNe A vyo. have amIrakhAne potAnA baMDakhAra AgevAnone rajA ApI, eTale aMgrejoe tene halakare prathamathI ApelI jAgIranAM pragaNAM ApI jude rAjA banAvyo. e TekanuM rAjya e nAmathI Aja oLakhAya che ane tenA vaMzaja Aja TAMkamAM rAjya kare che. dolatarAvasiMdhionA rAjyanA vakhatamAM I. sa. 1813mAM punAnuM pezvAnuM rAjya Igreja sarakAre khAlasA karyuM ane bAjIrAva pezvAne AThalAkha rUpIAnuM penasana bAMdhI ApI bIpuramAM rAkhyo. tA. 21 mArca sane 185gnA zeja latarAva siMdhiA gvAlie2mAM maraNa pAmyA. temane pachADI putra nahato tethI temanAM rANI bAijAbAIe eka karanA kuTuMbI mugaTarAvane dattaka laI temanuM nAma je koi rAva evuM pADI gAdIe besADyo. jojIrAva bALaka hatA tethI bAIjAbAIe potAnA bhAI hiMsarAvanI madadathI rAjyakArabhAra calAvyo. A bAIe evI hazI ApI ane DahApaNathI kArabhAra calAvyo ke tethI karIne te bAInI koI eka bahAdura purUSanA jevI kIta phelAIpha paNa jo jIrAve te upakArane nahi saMbhALatAM pahelAM vahelAM lazkaranA keTalAka saradAro sAthe saMdhAna karI eka divase rAjA evuM jAhera karyuM. bAIjA bAine keTaluMka lazkara anukuLa hatuM paNa te thoDuM tethI ane bane vadhe nahi teTalA mATe te kaMI karuo na calAvatAM resIDenTa sAhebanI paMcAta kabula karIne lipuramAM jaI rahI. tyAM tene varasa divase 21000000 (dazalAkha) maLe evo Igreja sarakAra vidyamAna TharAva thayo hato. prathama bAIjAbAI ane je kojIrAva vacce ta thaze. te te siMdhiAnA gharano hevAthI gavaranara janarale resIDenTane lakhyuM ke ApaNe emAM 5DavAnI jarUra nathI. paraMtu je kojIrAva gAdIe kAyama thayA pachI beunI vacce kaio cAlyAthI dezamAM baMdobasta raheze nahi, e kAraNathI bAijAbAIe nimaka laI alaga rahevuM, e bAbata paMcAta karavAne bIjI vakhata gavaranara janarala taraphathI resIDenTane paravAnagI maLI ane te paravAnagIthI 21000000 (dazalAkha)nI nimaka baMdhAI. ja kocharAva siMdhio sane 1843nA phebruArI mAsamAM maraNa pAmyA. temane pachADI putra naheAte tethI temanI vIdhavA rANI tArAbAI

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( 2 ) e hanumatarAva nAmanA potAnA eka kuTuMbanA putra bhAgIrathIrAvane dattaka laI temanuM nAma jayAjIrAva evuM pADI gAdI upara besADyA. briTiza sarakAre temanuM dattakapaNuM kabula rAkhyuM. A vakhata jayAjIrAvanI umara 9 varasanI hatI tethI mAmA sAheba (maranAra ja kocharAvanA mAmA ) nAmanA eka umarAvane divAnagIrI ApI. A divAne IgrejI resIDenTanI salAha pramANe rAjakArabhAra kare ema TharAva hato. thoDI mudatamAM gvAliaranA darabAramAM aneka jAtanI khaTapaTo cAlavA mAMDI. rAjasattAnA lebhI purUSa tathA mahArANu tArAbAI pote sarva prakAre mAmA sAhebane naDavA lAgyAjethI te bIcAro potAnA traNa mAsanA kArabhAramAM kaMTALI gaye, tathA te potAno jIva laine aMgrejI mulakamAM jato rahyo. mAmA sAhebanI jagoe dAdA khAsachavAlA nAmanA puruSane divAnagIrI maLI. te Igreja resIDenTanI salAha pramANe barobara cAlato hato, paraMtu karAra pramANe divAnanI nImaneka aMgreja sarakAranI salAha pramANe thavI joIe. te karAra teDI igreje TharAvelA divAnane kahADI bAIe potAnI marajI pramANe divAna nImyo, teTalA uparathI gavaranara janarale hukama karI gvAliaramAMthI resIDenTanI chAvaNI uThAvavI ema TharAvyuM. paraMtu darabAramAM cAlatA chaLabheda maTayA nahi. saradAra tathA ane mIra umarAvomAM eka bIjAne saMpa nahotuM tethI dezamAM lUTaphATa cAlavA mAMDI. gvAliaranA rAjyamAM phoja ghaNI hatI ane te baLavAna hatI. temanA upara thoDAka jo uparIo hatA, paraMtu temane thoDA divasa thI kahADI mukyA hatA. phojanA mANaso paNa lUTaphATa karatA ane temane potAnA baLanuM ghaNuM abhImAna hatuM. gavaranarajanarale darabAramAM mahArANI tathA temanA umarAvone ThapakA sAthe lakhyuM ke tame kaMija bobasta rAkhatAM nathI ane aghaTIta kAma kare che, tethI je amArI salAha pramANe nahi cAlaze to kaMI sAru parINAma Avaze nahi. A vAtane paNa temaNe lakSamAM lIdhI nahi tethI AsapAsanA dezamAM nirbhayatA ane ane zAMtI rAkhavA mATe aMgrejI senya gvAliara tarapha AvyuM, vaLI thoDA mAsathI kAnapuramAM eka sanya rahetuM hatuM te paNa caDhI AvyuM ane tenI sa dArI sarahyu gAphane maLI hatI. e sainya sAthe gavaranara janarala lorDa elebara paNa vAliara AvavA mATe nIkaLyo hato. daramI Ana

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(83) siMdhinA darabAra taraphathI dAdA khAsagIvALAne Igrejone svAdhIna karyo. paraMtu dezamAM samAdhAnI thAya tathA gvAliaranA rAjyamAMthI khaTapaTa maTe tyAM sudhI aMgrejI sainyane pAchuM pheravavuM nahi ema vanara janarale nizraya karyo ane te sainya uttare caMbala nadI sudhI AvI paheryuM A. vakhata gvAliaranA saradAro gavAranara janaralane kahevA lAgyA ke aMgrejI senyane caMbala nadI utArI A pAra lAvaze nahi, kemake tema karaze te gvAliaranuM lazkara laDavA kharU thaze ane te amAruM vALyuM raheze nahi ane tethI tamArA prasiMdhinA, temaja AsapAsanA mulakamAM zAMtI pAtharavAnI che te purI paDaze nahi. AthI gavaranara janarale mahArANI tArAbAI tathA rAjyanA mukhya mukhya amIra umarAvo sAthe vAta cIta karI vicAra karavA eka divasa mukarara karyo ane kahevaDAvyuM ke je A vAta kabula karazo nahi te amAruM lazkara caMbala nadI utarI tamArA tarapha Avaze. mahArANI ane amIra umarAvo TharAvelA divase AvyA nahi tethI aMgrejI saMnya AgaLa AvavA lAgyuM, eTale mahArANIe saMdhI karavA sArU bApusItAvaLIne gavaranara janaralanI chAvaNImAM mokalyo. gavaranara janaralane samajavAmAM ema hatuM ke A mANasa badhI vAte anukuLa che ane tethI laDAI nahi thatAM sAro rasto Avaze paNa te aMgrejI chAvaNa choDa pAcho Avyo ane thoDA eka lazkarane uparI banyo. tA. ra9mI DIsembara sane 1843nA roja saraghugAMpha IgrejI senya laIne A bAju Avyo. tenA sAmu vAliaranuM lazkara mAhArAjapura AgaLa hathIAra baMdha taiyAra hatuM. A jagA ghaNI sArI rIte pasaMda karelI hatI tathA potAnA bacAva mATe toponI hAra goThavI hatI. A te ponI madadathI temaNe sarahyugAMphanA sanyane pahele jhapATe harAvI dIdhuM tathA keTalAka aMgrejI padhAone mAryA. paraMtu aMgrejI sepe temanA sAme dhasAre karI bhAre baLathI laDavA mAMDayuM eTale siMdhiAnA lazkare baMko pheMkI daI phakata talavArathI IgrejI mAM bheLaseLa thaI jaI laDavA mAMDaj, tevAmAM agreje taraphathI janarala vAlIa laDAImAM macelA sinyane madada karavA mATe sAmI bAjue AvI mahArAjapurane kabaje karyuM ane siMdhaAnI 28 ta pa laI lIdhI. te pachI IgrejI se ceDAmAM traNa bIAmaNA moracA hatA te upara humalo karyo. A kANe siMdhiAnuM

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(4) lazkara ghaNuM zUravIrapaNAthI laDavuM ane chevaTe aMgrejI sainyamAMnI toponAM miThAM AgaLathI paNa pAchA haThayA nahi ane kapAI mu. A laDAImAM aMgrejonI jIta thaI, paraMtu temanA aMgreja amaladAM ane temanA hAtha nIcenAM ghaNuM mANasa marAyAM. e ja divase panIAra AgaLa eka bIjuM yuddha thayuM. janarala reje bIje raste thaine sidhiAnA mulakamAM peTho hato tenA tAbAnA lazkara sAme A yuddha thayuM hatuM. A yuddhamAM baMne bAjunA poddhAo A DuMgarethI pele DuMgare, ane pele DuMgarethI A DuMgare, ema nAsatA bhAgatA laDatA hatA. A yuddhamAM paNa e chatyA, have mahArANI tArAbAI ane temanA amIra umarAvonI marajI gavaranara janaralanI marajI pramANe cAlavA thaI ane tethI chevaTa Ijone zaraNa thayAM. mahArAjA jayAjIrAva siMdhiAnI lAyaka umara thAya tyAM sudhI gvAliyarano rAjyakArabhAra rajansI kAunsIla (rAjasabhA) nI mAraphata calAvavo tathA sarva vAtamAM resIDenTanI marajI pramANe cAlavuM, mareThI anya ochuM karavuM, gvAliaramAM aMgrejI phoja rAkhavI tathA tenuM kharaca rAjyanI upajamAMthI ApavuM, 18 lAkha rUpIA khaMDaNI ApavI mahArANI tArAbAIne hAthamAM jarA paNa sattA rAkhavI nahi ane tenI nimanoka bAMdhavI A pramANe karAva thayA pachI gavaranara janarala pAcho kalakate gayo. mahArAjA jayAjIrAva siMdhio I. sa. 1854 mAM umare AvyA eTale aMgreja sarakAre temane svataMtra rAjasattA ApI. A vakhata aMgreja sarakAranI salAhathI rAjA saradInakarAvane divAna nImyA. A vakhatathI rAjyamAM sArA sudhArA thavA lAgyA; paNa I. sa. 1850 mAM svAli ara kaMTara phojano khaLavo phATI nIkaLyo. siMdhionI potAnI phoja paNa * A baLavo thavAnAM keTalAMka kAraNa hatAM temAM mukhya I. sa. 1850 mAM aMgreja sarakAre eka evo TharAva kepo ke sipAIone jyAM mokale tyAM javuM evI zarate nokarImAM rAkhavA, (ra) dezIrAjAomAM je vAMjhIA maratA ke badayAlathI cAlatA temanAM rAjya aMgreja sarakAre khAlasA karavA mAM mAM ane tethI dezI rAjAonA manamAM paNa potAnAM rAjya aMgreja

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( 85). pharI gaI, baLavAkhazee mahArAjAne potAnI sAthe joDAvAne mATe kahevaDAvyuM. paNa temaNe nA pADI ane ulaTo temane chuMdI nAkhavA sArU prayA karavA mAMDyA. jyAre tAtIo TopI kopa karIne gvAliara upara caDhI Avyo tyAre mahArAjA siMdhio jayAjIrAva ane temanA divAna rAjA sara dInakararAva Age nAzI gayA; paraMtu Igreja sarakAra taraphathI sArahusejha ane sara kolIna kampabela I. sa. 1858 mAM muMbAIthI lazkara laIne vAlIara upara AvyA. baLavAkhomAM tAtIA TopI nAme eka jorAvara baLavAkhora hato. tene tathA +jhahasI bahAra rANI la sarakAra khAlasA karI nAkhaze evI dhAstI lAgavA mAMDI ane tethI aMgreja sarakAra upara temane aso uThI gayo ane tethI rAjazraNa thaelA dezI rAjAo, kuvo ane temanI vIdhavA rANIone potAnuM vera Igreja sAme vALavAne sAruM lAga maLyo. (3) vaLI aMgrejoe baMgALAnA lazkarI sivAIone kArTasa purAM pADyAM hatAM. A kArsane dAta pI kholavAM paDatAM A vize eka evI gapa cAlI ke aMgrejono hetu liMka tathA musalamAna sarvene vaTALI prIstI karavAnuM che ane tethI kAsane Dakara, je prANIne hiM; tathA musalamAna nApAka gaNe che tenI carabI lagADavAmAM AvI che. A gapa je ke tadana khoTI hatI to paNa ghaNA lakoe sAcI mAnI. A kAraNone lIdhe hiMdu tathA musalamAna baLavo karI uThayA. juo haMTarakRta bha. I. +budelakhaMDanI vAvya koNane bhAgamAM kAMzInuM rAjya hatuM tenuM kSetraphaLa 1568 corasa mAIlanuM ane vArSika pedAza 22000000 (vIsa lAkha) nI hatI. te mara jAtanA rAjAnA tAbAmAM hatuM, ane I. sa. 1810 mAM aMgrejonA rakSaNa nIce AvyuM hatuM. teno chelo rAjA - gAdhararAva I. sa. 1858 mAM gAdIe beTho hato ane te I. sa. 1453 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tene pachADI putra na hato tethI aMgrejo sAthe I. sa. 1010 mAM thaelA kolakarAranI kalama bIja pramANe bharatI vakhate eka AnaMdarAva nAmanA paMdara varasanA potAnA eka kuTuMbane dattaka lIdhe hato tathA tene maMjura rAkhavA mATe teNe te vakhatanA resIDenTa sAhebane lakhyuM hatuM. paraMtu te vakhatanA gavaranara janarala lorDa dalahAusIe jema

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(56) kSamIbAI je baLavAkhorone maLI gaI hatI, temane jItI bahAdurI khattAvI. kApImAM dArUgoLAno eka moTo bhaMDAra bharelo hato tene sarahyuMrojhe me mahinAmAM laI lIvo. jhAMzIno killo ghaNo majabuta hato tathA te killAno zUravIra rANI lakSamIbAie bahu bahAdurIthI bacAva karyo chevaTa te gvAlimbara pAse laDatAM raNamAM paDI. baLavAkhoro pAsethI gvAlimmara jItI laI IMgrejasarakAre te mahArAjA jayAjIrAva siMdhismAne sAMkhyuM. A vakhata temane IMgreja sarakAre gvAliarano killo te morAranI chAvaNI sivAyano sadhaLA mulaka sAppo, tathA bIjo traNa lAkha rUpAsmAnI upajano mulaka sAMpyo eTaTaluMja nahi paNa khaMDaNImAM ghaTADo karyA. tAtIgmATopI pakaDAyo. te kAnapuramAM nAnAsAheba sAthe IMgrejonAM khuna karavAmAM sAmela hato, tathA baLavo kIno, e mAropa tenA upara sAbIta thavAthI tene phrAMsI daI mArI nAkhavAmAM AALyo, mahArAjAne khAMDa samyA pachI IMgreja sarakAre turata jI. sI. esa. Aino khitAba tayA dattAnI sanada ApI. mA paMjAba ane satArAnAM rAjyone khAlasA kIdhAM hatAM temAMzInA rA jyane paNa karyuM, lakSamIbAie AMzInA maranAra rAjA ga MgAdhararAvanI rANI hatI. resIDenTe tenI pAsethI jhAMsIno kabajo mAgyo tyAre te krodhanI mArI bolI hatI ke "huM mArI AMzI ApIza nahi. paraMtu chevaTa iMgrejasarakAre jhAMzInuM rAjya laI lIdhuM ane tene khAlasAM karyuM. JAthI lakSamIbAi mahA krodhAyamAna thaI ane teTalAmAM I. sa. 1857 no baLavo kATI nIkaLyo. cyA khAI, IMgrejoe potAnuM jhAMzInuM rAjya laI lIdhuM hatuM te verano badalo vALavA khaDakhora lokamAM sAmela thaI. te tA. 17 mI juna sane 1858 nA roja gvAliJaranI pAse sarahyuMrojha sAme bahu bahAdurIthI laDI, te anetenI khena kha'ne jaNa virapurUSanA zleSamAM ghoDA upara svAra thaI laDatI hatI. temanA upara jaMgrejI sainyanA sipAInI varasatI goLIoAthI te raNamAM paDI. te vakhata temanA smagarakSako temanI cAre bAju ubhA hatA, temaNe turata sItA taiyAra karI ane agnI saMskAra karyuM. jhAzIe gvAlimbarathI JagrIkoNamAM 60 mAIla ane tIJAthI teja kroNamAM 15 mAilane chere che.

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( 87 ) kaluM chatAM siMdhionA mulamAM nAnA sAhebane Azraya maLyo hato evo vahema aMgreja sarakAranA manamAM hato ane tethI sarakAranI temanA upara karaDI najara hatI. koI koI vakhata te ema paNa kahevAmAM AvatuM hatuM ke siMdhionA rAjyamAM nAnAsAheba rahe che paNa pAkI tapAsa karyA pachI te vAta khoTI mAnavAmAM AvI. I. sa. 1874 mAM eja vahemane lIdhe eka AMkhe kANA eka ajANyA mANasane, te nAnA sAheba che ema batAvI tene pakaDI siMdhi A sarakAre Igrejone svAdhina karyo hato paNa te nAnAsAheba nahi paNa bIjo mANasa che ema karavAthI tene choDI mu. mahArAjA siMdhio sarakAre rAjA saradInakararAvane rU5000 (pAMca hajAra) nI upajanAM gAma bakSisa ApyAM. thoDA divasa pachI mahArAjA ane divAna emanI vacce anucIta thayuM, tethI rAja saradInakararAve divAnagIrI DI. A vakhate temane mahArAjAe rU50000 (pacAsahajAra)nI jAgIra ApI. I. sa. 1864mAM mahArAjAnAM vaDIe bAI jAbAI maraNa pAmyAM, tethI temane ApavAnI nAmaka baMdha thaI - I. sa. 1875 mAM vaDodarAnA mahArAjA mahAvarAva upara resIDenTa karnala pherane jhera devAnuM tehamata mukavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. tenI tapAsa karavAne kamIzanaro nImavAmAM AvyA hatA. temAM mahArAjA jayAjIrAva siMdhione eka kamIzanara tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA hatA. temaNe tathA jayapuranA mahArAjA rAmasiMhajI ane rAjA saradInakararAve maLI malhAvarAvane nirdeza karAvyo hato, paraMtu te mata kabUla nahi rahevAthI e traNe saradAra nArAja thayA hatA. eja sAlanI Akhare nAmadAra prInsa ova velsa hiMdanI musApharIe AvyA tyAre mahArAjA jayAjIrAva siMdhaAe kalakate jaI temanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. vaLI te yuvarAja pAchA vaLatAM gvAli ara paNa AvyA hatA. A vakhata 8000 mANasanI phojanI mahArAjAe ravI karAvI hatI. A ravI vakhata eka bAjunA senApatino hodo mahArAjA jayAjIrAva siMdhioe lIdho hato ane bIjI bAjue kamAnDara Ina cIpha ha; jemAM eka kRtrIma laDAI paNa laDavAmAM AvI hatI. A joI yuvarAja bahu prasaMna thayA hatA. tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877 nA roja mahArANI vikaTorIAe

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(88) hiMdusthAnane mATe "kesarihiMda" e 58 dhAraNa karyuM tathA teja tArIkhe te bAbatano draDhaze vAMcI saMbhaLAvavA mATe dilhImAM lADalITana sarakAre darabAra bharyo hato. te darabAra vakhata mahArAja jayAjIrAva sidhio dilhI gayA hatA. e vakhata sudhI mahArAjA jayAjIrAva siMdhiAne 18 tapanuM mAna maLatu hatu te kevI 21 topanuM mAna ApavA TharAva thayo. temaja temane aMgrejI pAdazAhInA janarala (senApati) evI padi ApI ane eka ghoDAnI khIlAta ApI. vaLI kesahiMda taraphathI eka suMdara kvAvaTo ApavAmAM Avyo che, sadarahu tArIne nAmadAra kesarihiMdanA hukamathI hiMdusthAnamAM eka ImpIrIala kesila sthApavAmAM AvI temAM mahArAjA jayAjIrAva siMdhione eka sabhAsada tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA A mahArAjAne nAmadAra briTiza sarakAra taraphathI jI. sI. esa. AIne mAnava khitAba maLyo che. mahArAjA siMdhio sarakAranI pUrNa vaphAdArI joine i. sa. 1885nI sAlamAM vAisaroya lADakarIne gvAliarano killo ane mArAranI chAvaNI temanA svAdhInamAM karI ApI. siMdhio sarakAranA mAna mATe Ija sarakAra taraphathI 1 topanuM mAna maLavAno karAve che paNa mahArAjA jayAjIrAvane temanI hayAtI sudhIne mATe ra1 tenuM mAna maLavA mATe TharAva thayo hato. mahArAjA jayAjIrAva sidhio potAnI para varasanI umare tA. 0mI juna sane 188nA roja sAvaMte kelAzavAsI thayA tethI mahArAjAnA mAdhavarAvanAmanA 10 varasanI vayanA putrane tA2 mATe julAI sane 1886nA roja madhyahiMda ejansI khAtAnA ejaMTa saralIpala grAphIne gvAliara AvI gAdIe besADyA. temanI nAnI umara havAthI divAnasara gaNapatarAvanA tAbA nIce eka rAja sabhA TharAvI mahArAjA lAyaka umAsnA thatA sudhI rAjakArabhAra calAvavA karAva thayo che. ane te pramANe rAja vahivaTa cAle che. gvAliaranA rAnajakartA potAnA dezamAM kulasattA bhogave che. mahArAjA kAjIrAva siMdhiono khitAba nIce pramANe che-"mahArAjAdhirAja tukAjIrAva siMdhiA bahAdara, AvA vAvaTA madhyahiMda ejansInAM topanAM mAnya maLatAM tamAma maTAM rAjyone ApavAmAM AvyA che.

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(89) mukha tyAre mulka, ajhImala IkadAra raphI amyAna vALA sIko meTA svAmI kurAna umadA umarA, rasamasa sulatAna mahArAjAdhirAja alIjAMha, zrInAtha masahure jhamAna, phIdavI ehajharata mulaka majhuma rIyada dArajI, ityAdI." tA. 19 phebruArI sane 1887nA roja mahArANI vikaTorI ane rAja karyAne purAM 50 varasa thavAthI tenI khuzAlImAM hiMdustAnamAM yubilI nAmano mahattva pALavAmAM Avyo hato temAM mahArAjA mAdhavarAva siMdhioe paNa sAro bhAga lIdho hato. te divase mahArANInA mAnArthe 101 topa phoDI hatI bapora pachI jayabilAsa mahelamAM darabAra bhararavAmAM Avyo hato. te vakhata resIDenTa, dAktara krAphaTasa vagere hAjara hatA. darabAramAM rIjansI kAunsIlanA presiDenTa, rAvarAjAsara gaNapatarAva ke. sI. esa. AI. e mAnapatra vAMcyuM hatuM, temAM nIcenI matalabanuM* bolyA hatA. "mahArANInI jyubIlI vakhate ahImAM je kahevAmAM ane karavAmAM Ave che te phakta dekhADavAmAM Ave che athavA to nAmanI ja rAjabhakti dekhADavAmAM Ave che tema nathI paNa te kharA aMtaHkaraNanuM che. A varSamAM mahArANIjInA sAja sAthe ame vadhAre nikaTanA saMbaMdhamAM AvyA chIe. amAro asalI killo amane pAcho meMpavAmAM Avyo che. mahArAjA mAdhavarAvanuM takhanasIna pasaMda karavAmAM AvyuM che. temanI keLavaNInI yogya goThavaNa karavAmAM AvI che. mahArAjAnA AgrahathI karnala benaramana vikaTorIA kolejane Aje pAyo nAkhaze. e zALA jyubIlIno kharaze smaraNa taMbha thaze. e sivAya emabsaroDa e nAmano eka navo upayogI rasto bAMdhavAmAM Avaze. vAliara ane IzAgAjha pragaNAmAM dukALa paDyo che tethI rAta herAna che, mATe 28100000 (aMkAzIlAkha)nuM mahesula bAkI che te mApha karavAmAM Avaze. polIsanA sipAIono pagAra vadhAravAmAM Avaze, kaMTALe upajAve evA kara kADhI nAkhavAmAM Avaze; devAdAra kedIone choDI mukavAmAM Avaze ane tenA leNadArone darabAranA khajAnAmAMthI nANAM ApavAmAM Avaze, kSamApAtra kedIone chUTA karavAmAM Avaze, eTaluM ja nahi paNa zrI mahA * yubilI saMvatasara. 1ii

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(90) rANIjInA pratinIdhI nAmadAra IsarAyanA nAmathI eka sarAI bAMdhavAmAM Avaze ane tenuM nAma DapharInasarAI pADavAmAM Avaze. rAtre vAlIara zaheramAM ane morArakenTonamanamAM rozanI karavAmAM AvI hatI. nAmadAra mahArAjA pote briTiza chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhata lazkarI salAmatI ane 21 topa phoDI mAna ApavAmAM Ave che. mahArAjAnI hAla 17 varasanI umara che. A rAjyanI lazkarI padhdhatI aMglAMDamAM junA vakhatamAM cAlatI phaphaDala dhArAne lagatI che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 6000 kavAyatI dhoDesvAra, 5000 pedala ane 48 tapa che. kolhApuranI pAse ratnagIrIne DuMgara che tenA upara "jotIbA" e nAmanA devanuM maMdIra che. e deva siMdhisarakAranA kuLadeva che tethI te nAma mahArAjAnA sikkAmAM heya che. vAliara-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM mahArAjA rahe che. te AgrethI dakSiNamAM 65 mAIla ane alahAbAdathI vAvya koNamAM ra70 mAIla che. ahIM gvAliarano killo che te jovA jevo che. vIlapha nAmanA eka IzrejanA lakhavA mujaba paDazanA rAjA sarIAsene te I. sa. 773 mAM bAMdhyo hato. I. sa. 1023 mAM mahamada gajanavIe tene ghero ghAlyo hato paNa tene te ghera pAcho uThAvavo paDyo hato. I. sa1196 mAM mahamadaghorIe te laI lIdho. I. sa. 1211 mAM te musalamAnonA hAthamAMthI gayo paNa I. sa. 1231 mAM gulAma vaMzanA samasudIna allabhase te laI lI. narasIharAya nAmanA eka hiMpha rAjAe I.sa.1398 lai lI. te I.sa.151 sudhI te hiMduonA kabajAmAM rahyo; paNa teja varase paThANa vaMzanA IbrAhIma lodIe te laI lIdho.I.sa. 1526mAM bAbare tekilo lIdho ane I.sa.154mAM te zerazAhanA hAthamAM Avyo. paNa I. sa. 1556 mAM te akabare laI lo ane tene, rAjA vagere umarAva lokone mATe kedakhAnA tarIke vAparyo. jyAre dikahInI pAdazAhInI paDatI thaI tyAre gehadanA jAtarANue te jItI lI. Akhare sidhioe te potAne kabaje karyo paNa I. sa. 160 mAM te IsTaInDIA kaMpanIne hAtha Avyo. paNa aMgreja sarakAre te gehadanA rANAne pAne Apyo, je rANA pAsethI sidhiA mahArAjAe I. sa. 154 mAM laI lI. I. sa. 1803 mAM aMgreja sarakAre te

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latarAva siMdhio pAsethI laI lIdhe paNa I. sa. 1805mAM tene pAcho sepyo. gvAliaranuM junuM zahera parvatanI pUrva taraphanI taLeTIe che. tenI bAMdhaNI sArI nathI. tenI aMdara mahamadagosanI kabara che. vAliaramAM be hiMdu nAM prakhyAta pavitra devalo che, jemAMnuM eka "sAsabAhu" kahevAya che te I. sa. 1093 mAM bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane jeka te nAza pAmyuM che te paNa tenAM khaMDero jovA lAyaka che. gvAli aranI aMdara eka "telIka maMdIra" e nAmanuM bIju devala che A sivAya bIjAM nAnAM moTAM 100 jenadharmanAM devala che. mAnasiMhe bAMdhelo mahela eka jovA jevuM hiMdu makAna che. A mahela I. sa. nA paMdaramA saikAnI Akhare bAMdhavAmAM Avyo hato. mAna siMhanA vArasa vIkramAdI I. sa. 1516 mAM eka bIjo mahela bAMdhyo che. A sivAya jahAMgIra ane zAhajahAMe bIjA mahela bAMdhyA che. gvAliaranI pAse lazkara karIne eka bAju zahera che tyAM mahArAjA rahe che. temAM Azare 88000 (aThAzI hajAra) mANasanI vastI che temAM 7000 (sItera hajAra) hiMdu, 17000 (satara hajAra) musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa loka che. lazkaramAM eka dhamAdA davAkhAnuM, kedakhAnuM ane pasTaophIsa che. te eka rastAthI gvAliara sAthe joDAeluM che. A si. vAya tyAM mahArAjAe eka navuM kAgaLanuM kArakhAnuM dAkhala karyuM che. IMdara (holakaranuM rAjya.) A rAjya "ira athavA halakarane deza" e nAmathI oLakhAya che. tenA rAjakartA, Ahira jAtanA mareThA che ane te "helakara mahArAjA"nI padithI oLakhAya che. sIma-A rAjyanI uttare siMdhione mulaka, pUrve devAsa, ane dhAranAM dezI rAjya ane nImArane mulaka, dakSiNe muMbAI IlAkAno khAnadeza chalo ane dakSiNe vaTavAnI ane dhAranAM dezI rAjya che. A rAjyanA narmadA nadIne lIdhe mukhya be bhAga paDelA che. A rAjyano mulaka eka jathe nathI. keTalAeka bhAga mALavAmAM ane keTalAka viM dhyAdri parvata ane sAtapuDA pahADonI vacamAM che. mukhya mukhya prAMta nIce mujaba che-dora ane tenI AsapAsane mulaka. A prAMtanI laMbAI

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( 92). uttara dakSiNa sumAre 120 mAIla ane pahoLAI 82 mAIla che. iejenA tAbAnI maunI chAvaNI A prAMtamAM che. je rAmapura ane tenI AsapAsano mulaka, A prAMtanI pUrva pazcima laMbAI 71 mAIla che. A prAMta aMdarathI vAvyakoNa taraphanA bhAgamAM Azare 150 mAIla dura che. 3 iMdoranI utare mahadapurAno prAMta. 4 IranI pazcime dAhI gAma nIceno prAMta 5 IranI vAvyakoNamAM pITalAda nIcene prAMta ane 6 iMdoranI pUrve ahikhAsA nIceno prAMta che. A pramANe che ke A rAjyano mulaka vaheMcAle che. IMdoranA AkhA rAjyano vistAra 8400 corasa mAila jamIna ane 3734 gAma tathA temAM Azare 154000 (daza lAkha cepanA hajAra) mANasanI vastI che. vArSika pedAza Azare rU.7000000 (sItera lAkha)nI thAya che. helakara sarakAra aMgreja sarakArane sainyanA kharacamAM bhAga Ape che. dezanuM svarU5-gUjarAtamAM gAyakavADanA rAjyanI mAphaka A dezanA bhAga ghaNuM karIne eka bIjAthI alaga che. Idora ane tenI AsapAsano je mulaka che te maNe viMdhyAdri parvatanI eLa cAlelI che. A prAMtane kaMIka bhAga vidhyAtrinI uttare ane ghaNe bhAga tenI dakSiNe che. | nadIo-1 narmadA; e moTI nadI A rAjyanI pUrva dizA tarapha vidhyAdrimAM AvelI amara kaMTaka TekarI AgaLathI nIkaLI upara batAvelA mulaka (Idara ane tene lagato mulaka) nA dakSiNa bhAgamAM pUrvathI te pazcima bhAgamAM vahe che. 2 caMbala e vidhyAdri parvatamAMthI nIkaLI rAmapurA ane tenI AsapAsanA bhAgamAM dakSiNathI uttara tarapha vahe che. A zivAya nAnI nadIo ghaNI che paNa te jANavA jevI nathI. havA-je bhAgamAM jhADI ane DuMgara puSkaLa che. tyAMnI havA rogISTa che. paraMtu bIjA bhAganI havA ghaNI sArI che. varSada IzAna koNa taraphathI Ave che ane te ghaNe hoya che. jamIna tathA nipaja-je bhAga viMdhyAdri parvata tathA sAtapuDA 5honI vacce che te DuMgara ane puSkaLa jhADIthI DhaMkAelo che. bAkIno ghaNuM karIne sapATa tathA vadhAre AbAda che. mALavAno bhAga badhA karatAM vadhAre rasALa che. temAM ghauM, DAMgara, kaThoLa, zeraDI, khasakhasa, kapAsa

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( 3 ). ane taMbAku puSkaLa thAya che. khasakhasanA choDane phula Ave che te vakhata te bhAga eka bagIcA sarakho ane manane AnaMda pamADe tevo suzobhIta dekhAya che. khasakhasanA beDanI ropaNI karavAnuM kAraNa aphINa pakavavA mATe che. janAvara-gara athavA jhADIvALA bhAgamAM siMha, vAgha, rIMcha, sAbara, haraNa vigere jaMgalI janAvaze che. gAmamAM vasanArAM pazumAM baLada, gAya, bheMze, gheTAM ane bakarAM che, loka tathA bhASA-mukhya karIne mareThA tathA hiMnI ghaNIkharI paracuraNa jAto, gAMDa, bhIla, ane musalamAna loka najare paDe che. bhIla loka muLanA vatanI heya tema jaNAya che ane bIjI jAte pachIthI vaselI che. bhASA mukhyatve karIne mareThI, mALavI, khAnadezI, ane keTalAka bhAgamAM bhIloDI che. | mukhya zahero dora e rAjadhAnInuM mukhya zahera che. e zahera nAnA sarakhA medAnamAM eka nAnI nadInA kinArA para vaseluM che. mahArAjA helakara sarakAranI gAdI ane temanA mahela A zaheramAM che. aMdara e relave sTezana che. zaheranI pAse eka chAvaNI che temAM madhyahiMda khAtenA gavaranara janaralanA ejaMTa ane ira seMTrala ejansInA poliTikala ejaMTa sAhebonA baMgalA chetemaja eka resiDensI rAjakumAra koleja, sarakArI tAraophIsa, posTaophIsa ane iMgrejI lazkaranA amaladAronA baMgalA che. zaheramAM paNa sarakArI tAraophIsa ane posTaophIsa che. relave sTezana upara posTa ophIsa ane relave khAtA taraphathI tAra ophIsa che. sivAya maMDalezvara, rAmapurA, bhANapurA, caMdayAsA, mihadapura, piTalAda, ahiravAsA, ane mau vagere prasiddha zahera che. maunI pAse I. grejI chAvaNI che, jemAM aMgrejI lazkara rahe che. mau relave sTezana che. relave-Idora zaherathI dakSiNa tarapha khaMDavA sudhI "helakara sTeTa relave" e nAmanI 86 mAIlanI relave halakara sarakAra taraphathI bAMdhavAmAM AvI che. vaLI rAjapUtAnA mALavA relaveno eka phAMTo ke je "nasIrAbAda-dora nya'ne nAme oLakhAya che teno tho bhAga holakara sarakAranA rAmapurA prAMtanA mulakamAM thaIne pasAra thAya che. dattakanI sanada-Ira athavA halakara sarakAranA rAjyane mATe je pachavADe vArasa putra na hete vagara najarANAM Ape hiMdudharmazAstra pra

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( 94) mANe dattaka levAnI sanada aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI maLI che. temaja kesarahiMda taraphathI IMglIza zahenazAhI vAvaTo paNa maLyo che. yuddhasAmagrI A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 3100 regyulara tathA 2150 iregyulara khAdaLa che. ane 2100 regyulara tathA 1200 iregyulara svAra che, 340 golaMdAja ane 24 laDAInI tapa. ItihAza-ira athavA halakaranA rAjyanI sthApanA karanAra mane hAvarAva halakara thaI gayA. mahAvarAva holakaranuM caritra jANavA jevuM che. tenA potA kAMDAjI jAtanA dhanagara ane te gheTAM cAvAno tathA kAmaLI vaNavAno dhaMdho karatA hatA. te pahela nAmanA gAmamAM rahetA hatA, je hAla nImbAlakaramAM phalaTananI pAse nizA nadInA kinArA upara che. malhAvarAvano mAmo nArAyaNajI baragala khAnadezamAM talada gAmane eka nAnuM sarakhe jamInadAra hato. - DAcha jyAre I. sa. 1997-98 mAM maraNa pAmyo tyAre mahAvarAvanI cheka pAMca varasanI kAcI umara hatI, tethI tene laine tenAM mAtuzrI potAnA bhAI nArAyaNajIne ghera talaMda gayAM. malhAvarAvIne tene mATe gheTAM cAravA sArU mokalato hato. daMta kathA pramANe ekadivasa jaMgalamAM te gheTAM cAravA sArU gayo hato. unALAno sakhata tApa hevAthI akaLAI jaIne te jaMgalamAM suto hato. e vakhata udhamAM tene miTA upara sUrano taDako prakAzato joI eka nAge tenA moDhA upara chatra tarIke paNa karI hatI. jyAre A vAta tenA mAmA nAraNajIe jANI tyAre teNe potAnA bhANejane te nazIbadAra nIkaLaze ema samajI gheTAM cAravAnuM baMdha karAvyuM ane evo vicAra karyo ke potAnA bhANeja malhArarAvane garIbAImAMthI choDAvavA mATe te umara lAyaka thAya eTale ghoDesvAranI nokarImAM dAkhala karavA. nArAyaNajI baMdIrAjAnI nekarI karatA hatA. eka vakhata rAjAnA hukamathI lazkara laIne nArAyaNajIne baMdI ApavA hukama thayo. A veLA mahAvarAvanI lAyaka umara thavA AvI hatI tethI tene tenA mAmAe potAnA tAbAnA lazkarI mANasono uparI banAvI potAnI vatI nokarI A zahera dakSiNamAM nIra nadIne DAbe kAMThe che.

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( 5 ) karavA mokalyo. A vakhata dilhInA pAdazAha ane mareThAonI vacce dakSiNamAM laDAI cAlatI hatI. baMdInA rAjAe malhArarAvane mareThI lazkaramAM mokalyA. nasIba page malhAvarAve pAdazAha taraphanA nijAma ulamulkanA lazkaramAMnA eka saradArane mAryo, tethI te ekadama ajavALAmAM Avyo. tenA mAmA nAraNajIe tenI A bahAdurI IpitAnI putrI gatama bAI ke je dhaNI khubasurata tathA bahAdura ane buddhizALI hatI tenI sAthe enuM lagna karyuM. pahelA bAjIrAva pezvAe upalI tenI nokarInI buja karI tene pAMcase svArano uparI banAvyo. temaja baMdInA rAjAe baMdIkuLanuM nizAna rAkhavAnI tene paravAnagI ApI I. sa. 1724. A nizAna helakara sarakAranA rAjyamAM Aja sudhI che. te trikoNAkAre che tathA temAM ghaNA ane rAtA paTA che. e ja pramANe mareThI rAjyanI sArI nokarI bajAvI mahAvarAva thoDI mudatamAM pAyarI upara pAtharI ema vadhavA mAMDyo ane tema karatAM te mere daraje caDyo. i. sa. 1728mAM tenI nokarInA badalAmAM pezvAe tene narmadAnI uttara taraphanAM 12 kagaNa bakSiza ApyAM ane tyAra pachI traNa varasamAM temAM bIjA vIsa pragaNAno umero thaze. mALavA prAMtamAM bAdazAhI sattA hatI ane tenA taraphathI e prAMtamAM giradhara bahAdura nAme nAgara amala karato hato. e prAMta upara bAjIrAva pezvA taraphathI mahAvarAva halakara ga ane giradhara bahAdurane harAvI keTaloka bhAga jItI lIdhuM. A vakhate pezvAe tene te ane tenA lazkaranA gujarAtane mATe Idora tathA chatAalA mulakamAM ghaNe bhAga Apyo. I. sa. 1734mAM Akho mALavA prAMta pezvAne tAbe thaze. bAjIrAva pezvAe dilhInA pAdazAha mahamadazAha pAse khaMDaNI ane gha mulaka mAgyo te ApavAnI teNe nA pADI, tethI bAjIrAva ane malhAvarAva helakara dilhI gayA. bAdazAhanI madadamAM tene dakSiNane subedAra nijAma ula mulka Aveche tema jANI teo dilhIthI pAchA pharyA. banne lazkaranI bhopALanI pAse mulA kata thaI. A vakhata mareThI lazkare nijAmanA lazkarane gherI lIdhuM. A gherAmAMthI chUTavA teja vakhate eTale i. sa. 1735-36mAM nijAme bAdazAhanI vatI Akho mALavA prAMta, narmadA ane caMbala nadI vacce

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no mulaka ane pacAsa lAkha rUpIA rokaDA ApavAno karAra lakhI Apo. upara pramANe narmadAnI uttara taraphano mulaka pezvAnA tAbAmAM AvyuM. A vakhatathI mahAvarAva holakara AkhA pezvAI rAjyane senApati nImA tathA te lazkaranA kharaca badala dora ane mALavAno ghaNekharo bhAga tenA tAbAmAM AvyuM. dilhInA pAdazAha sAme rehalA lokoe baMDa uThAvyAM hatAM, temane vaza karavAnA kAmamAM mahAvarAve bAdazAhane madada karavAthI te upakAranA badalAmAM pAdazAhe tene khAnadezamAM cAMderanI dezamukhI ApI. I. sa. 1768mAM teNe porTugIjha lokane vasAI (besIna)mAMthI hAMkI kahADavA ne pezvAne madada karI tyAra pachI te pe zvAnI sAthe nAdIrazAha tenA mulaka upara luTaphATa karato hato tene aTakAvavAne gayo paNa temAM teo niSphaLa gayA. jayapuranA rAjA jayasiMhanuM I. sa. 1743mAM maraNa thayuM. tenA pachI te gAdIne mATe tenA kuvara IzvarasiMha ane mAdhusiMha vacce vArasAI hakanI takarAra uThI, temAM bevADanA rAjAnA bhANeja bhASasiMhanI madadamAM rANue mahAvarAva helakarane AvavA vinaMtI karI. rANA ane malhAvarAva halakara vacce TharAva tha hato ke je tenA bhANeja mAdhusiMhane jayapuranI gAdI maLe te rANe tene 80 lAkha rUpIA rokaDA ane 4 lAkhanI upajanAM rAmapurA, bhANapurA, ane TakarAmapuranAM pragaNAM Ape. IzvarasiMha holakarathI dahezata khAI ApaghAta karI maraNa pAme eTale mAdhusiMha jayapuranI gAdIe beThe. TharAva pramANe rANA taraphathI 80 lAkha rUpIA rokaDA ane 4 lAkhanI upajanAM upara batAvelAM pragaNuM holakarane maLyAM mahAvarAva bahAdura ane mahA parAkramI hato; paNa tA. 7 jAnevArI sane 1761nA roja paroDhIAmAM pANIpatanA medAnamAM mogala ane mareThA vacce mahAbhArata yuddha thayuM te vakhate prathamathI te yuddha cheDI nAzI AvyuM hatuM. tenI bahAdurIne DAga lAgyo gaNIe te mAtra A Talo Aja hate. mahAvarAvane khaMDerAva nAme ekaja putra hato. tenu lagna sidhInA kuLanI putrI ahalyA bAI sAthe thayuM hatuM. khaMDerAva I. sa. 1755 nI sAlamAM diganI pAsenA khucabIranA gherAmAM karAyo hato. paraMtu tene ahallA bAIthI thaele eka putra mAlIva nAme hate. mahAvarAva

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(97) i. sa. 1765mAM 76 varasanI umare maraNa pAmyo. tenI hayAtImAM khaDerAvanuM maraNa thayuM hatuM tethI mAlIrAva gAdIe beThA. mAlIrAva gAMDo hato tethI rAjakArabhAra tenI mA ahalyA khAi calAvatI hatI. mAlIrAva gAMDo hato ane vaLI gAdIe beThA ne nava mAsa thayA nahi eTalAmAM tenu maraNa thayuM, tethI ahalyAbAie mAdhavarAva pezvAnI paravAnagIthI tukAjI heAlakara nAme anubhavI ane bahAdura juvAnane kheALe lIdhA. hAlakaranA rAjyano vahivaTa ahalyAbAi calAvatI ane senApatinuM kAma tukAjI karato hato. ahalyAbAI 20 varasanI umarathI vIdhavA thaI hatI. trIsa varasa sudhI teNe IMdoranu rAja karyuM. e bAi buddhivAna, bhaNelI, sadaguNI ane udhogI hatI. pote dayALu ane bhaktibhAvavALI hatI. prajA tenA para bahu rAjI hatI. vakhANathI te phulAi na jatI. tenA vakhatamAM rAjya smAkhAda thayu, loka sukhI thayA ane IMdora zahera mAbAdIpara AjyuM. e jItratAM vakhANuAi ane mucyA pachI devI tarIke gaNAI. Aja paNa tenI mUrtine loka kharA bhAvathI pUjeche. e sadaguNI khAine mATe sarajaina mAlakama potAnA pustakamAM lakhI gayAche ke--e khAi vize jema jema vadhAre tapAsa karIe chIe tema tema tene mATe sthApaNAmAM prasaMzA buddhi vadhatI jAyache. enI sArI zaktinI vizeSa khubI e che ke rAjakArabhAranuM kAma teNeja mAthe lIdhuM hatuM. te saMbaMdhI aMtaHkaraNa ane smRti zramathI 30 thI 60 varasanI umara sudhI ekasarakhI rIte teNe mahenata lIdhI hatI. te avakAzanA vakhatamAM bhakti karatI tathA dharma dAna paNa karatI. te khullI rIte meAlatI hatI ke "mArI sattAno upIyoga huM je kahyuM tene mATe izvarane huM javAbadAra dhuM. " tenI saMbhALa nIce paramezvare je moTo deza sAMkhyA hato te dezano rAjavahavaTa calAvavAmAM e khAIe potAnI mabhUta zakti tathA guNa khaLa dekhADyAM tene mATe mApaNAmAM te sadaguNI bAi vize macabo ane prasaMsA buddhi prathama to utpanna thAyache. prathama potAnA gAMDA putranI saMbhALa rAkhavAmAM tathA tene ucheravAmAM tenI komaLatA viSenI tathA te putranA mRtyuthI tene lAgelA kArI jakhama vizenI vAto ApaNA jANavAmAM Aveche. tyAre te karatAM paNa tenAmAM eka .. 13

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( ) mAtA tarIkeno ja jhakhama mAtra hato ema na jANavuM paNa potAnI prajA "pratye tenI mamatA dhaNI ja hatI." - mareThI rAjyanA agamAM mAdhajI siMdhio ane ahalyAbAInA eLe lIdhelA tukAjIrAva helakara ghaNA jorAvara hatA. paNa te be jaNAomAM I. sa. 1762nI sAlamAM kusaMpa peTe ane aMdara aMdara laDAI saLagI. ajameranI AgaLa lakhAIDI AgaLa baMnenI phone baDI. A vakhatanI laDAImAM telakaranuM 70000 ane siddhiAnuM ra9000 hajAra mANasanuM lazkara hatuM. A hisAbe helakaranI chata thavI jaIe paNa siMdhIAnA lazkaramAM nya amaladAra nekarImAM rAkhI temanI mAraphata kavAyadI pyAdala ane tapakhAnuM banAvyuM hatuM tethI te lazkaranI sAme helakaranuM lazkara TakI zakyuM nahi. A laDAIthI siMdhiA tathA helakara eka bIjAnA zatru thaI paDyA. ahalyAbAI I. sa. 195 mAM potAnI 10 varasanI umara maraNa pAmI. tenA pachI teno dara putra tukAjIrAva gAdIe beTho. teNe phakta be varasa rAjya karyuM ane I. sa. 167 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tukArAvane cAra putra hatA jemAMnA kAzIrAva ane mahAvarAva e be vivAhita - NIne ane vikojI ane jasavaMtarAva e be rAbelI strInA putra hatA. tukAjIrAva halakaranA maraNa pachI kAzIrAva gAdIpatI thayo. ethI tenI ane tenA bhAI mahAvarAva vacce kaleza thayo. tene nIkAla karavAnuM kAma pezvAnA darabAramAM AvI paDavuM, A vakhata bAjIrAva pezvA pAse latarAva siMdhio karatA haratA hato. teNe kAzIrAva pAsethI lAMca laI tene pakSa pakaDyo, ane mahAvarAva upara ekadama hallo karI tene mAryo. mahAvarAvane khaMDerAva nA putra hato. paNa te bALaka hato tene keda karyo. A khaTapaTane lIdhe vIThojI kolahApura nAzI gayo hato tene pakaDI maMgAvI mArI nAkhyo. jazavaMtarAva nAgapura nAzI gayo tathA thoDA divasa pachI dhAranA rAjA AnaMdarAva pavAra tathA pIMDhArI saradAra AnaMdarAva sAthe sneha bAMdhI 60 hajAra mANasanI phoja jamAvI. tA. 21 mI okaTobara sane 1801 nA roja Idara pAse jasavaMtarAva helakara ane latarAva siMdhIA vacce laDAI thaI temAM jasavaMtarAva karyo. paraMtu bIje varase teNe punA upara caDAI karI. punAnI pAse tA. 25 akaTobara sane 1802

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( 9 ). nA roja laDAI thaI temAM siMdhI ha. ane jasavaMtarAvanI jIta thaI AthI bAjIrAva pezvA punA choDI kAMkaNumAM jato rahyo. jasavaMtarAva helakare bAjIrAvanA bhAInA putra amRtavane punAnI gAdIe besADyo; paNa bAjIrAve tA. 31 DIsembara sane 1802 nA roja vasAI mukAme aMgrejo sAthe karAra karI aMgrejonuM uparIpaNuM kabUla karyuM. tethI janarala velesvinI saradArI nIce aMgrejI lakara bAjIrAvane punAnI gAdIe pharIthI besADavA mATe AvyuM. aMgrejI lazkare punAnI pAse chAvaNI karI eTale halakara tathA amRtarAva punA cheDI bahAra nIkaLI gayA ane bAjIrAva gAdIe beTho. jasavaMtarAva halakare Idara AvI AjubAjunA dezamAM laTo karavA mAMDI tathA I. sa. 1804mAM Igreje sAme laDAIno AraMbha karyo. jasavaMtarAva helakare paNa dezI rAjAone kAgaLa lakhI Igrejo sAme hathI Ara pakaDavAne uzkeryo tathA je rAjAo aMgrejonA snehI hatA temanA mulakamAM lUTaphATa karavA mAMDI. AthI aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI I. sa. 1804 nA eprIla mAsamAM janarala kane tathA janarala verasline laDAI karavA hukama thayo. jasavaMtarAva helakaranI chAvaNI jayapura pAse hatI tyAM janarala seka senA sahita AvI pahoMcyo. helakara A vakhata mAMthI upaDyo ane phoTA pAse AvIne chAvaNI karI. aMgrejoe rAmapurA kabaje karyuM ane te pachI kAnapura jaI mukAma karyuM. paraMtu je kadI helakara ekadama caDAI kare to tene aTakAvavA mATe karanala mAnasanane koTAnI najIkamAM rAkhyo. julAI mAsanI zarUAtamAM hIMgalAja gaDha pAse helakara tathA mAnasananAM lazkara eka bIjAnI najIkamAM AvI gayAM. aMgrejI phoje te gaDha lIdhe paNa helakare caMbala nadI utarI AgaLa kuca karI eTale kanala mAnasane potAnuM lazkara laine che. tenI pachADilI helakara doDyo ane tenA lazkarano bhaMga karyo. A vakhata grejI saradAra lekaTenTa lukana ane bIjA aMgrejone pakaDI pADavA tathA temane keda ka. mAnasana nA ane rAmapurA najIka AvI paheo. paraMtu helakaranA tenA upara uparA uparI humalAne lIdhe te khuzAlagaDha tarapha javA sArU nATho. e vakhata tA. rara agaSTa sane 1804 nA roja helakaranA lazkare tenA upara ekadama pasAra karavAthI mAnasana banAsa nadIne

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(100) kinAre topo ane bIjo samAna sara jAma paDato sukI nAzI gayo. je topo teNe tyAM paDatI mukI hatI tenA kANAmAM khIlA mArI tene upIyoga vagaranI karI nAkhI hatI. kemake DAlakara tene upayogamAM leto tethI IMgrejone bhAre nukazAna thAya. hAlakaranA humalAthI bacI kanaeNlamAnasana ane tenA tAbAnuM lazkara mArce nAzI gayuM. sapTembara mAsamAM hAlakare mathurAM jItI lIdhuM, paNa janarala lekanA lazkare tene tyAMthI nasADayo. hAlakare have dilhI upara caDAi karI ane killAne gherA dhAlyA tathA lazkarI lAko nisaraNI sukI koTa upara caDavA lAgyA; paNa aMdaranuM lazkara temane killA upara rahIne mAratuM hatuM tethI hAlakarane dherA uThAvI nAzI javuM paDayuM. cyA prasaMge kunalavAlesanI saradArI nIcenA lazkare hAlakaranAM mAMda vADa ane gAlanA vagare dakSiNanAM pragaNAM laI lIdhAM tathA kanaeNlamare e mALavAprAMta tAkhe karyeA. pachIthI hAlakara ane IMgreja saradAra jara vacce dIgagaDha pAsenA govardhana parvata pAse laDAI thaI. e vakhatanI laDAimAM kejara pote ghavAyA hatA tethI te maraNa pAmyo tathA tenAM 350 mANasa kuMtala thayAM hatAM. paraMtu chevaTa hAlakarane nAzavuM paDyuM. bharatapUranA rAjAe hAlakarane peAtAnA dIganA killAmAM Azare mApavAthI IMgrejI lazkare te ver manamAM rAkhI bharatapUranA killA pachavADe gherA dhANyA hatA. te vakhata hAlakara tathA tenA maLatIkhA pIMDhArI saradAra amIrakhAMne te dherA upara uparA uparI humalA ThThIdhA. bharatapUranA killo iMgrejothI levAye! nahi, paraMtu bharatapUranA rAjA sAthe salAha thayAthI iMgrejI phrIja pAchI gaI. * have hAlakara ane dolatarAva siMdhiyyAe maLI salAha karI tathA grejo sAme laDavAne taiyAra thayA tethI gavaranaraMjanarala kArnavAlIse siMdhicchA tathA hAlakara sAthe mulAha karavA janarala sekrame tA. 30 julAI sane 1905nA rAja hukama karyAM. mAthI siMdhImmA sAthe tA. 23 navembara sane 18.0panA rAja karnala mAlakamanI vidhamAna salAha thaI, temaja tA. 24 Disembara sane 1805nA roja khIyAnadIne kAMThe mAgaLa iMgrejo ane hAlakara vacce salAha nAmA upara cyA salAhathI ema haryuM ke cakhala nadInI uttaranA mulaka Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat rAmapurA ghATa * sahI thai. uparano tathA www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(101) budelakhaDa ane punA vagare uparanA hakano dAvo hAlakare choDI devo ttayA IMgrejonI salAha vagara peAtAnI fAjamAM yuropImsana nokarAne rAkhavA nahi tathA sarjarAva ghATage ke jeNe resiDenTanA baMgalAne khALI nAkhyA hatA tene smAzraya Apavo nahi. temaja IMgrejI sulakamAM upadrava nahi karatAM TharAvela raste pAchA iMdora javuM. khA saratAmAM IMgreja sarkAra taraphathI ema kabula karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke caMbala nadInI dakSiNe hAlakaranA mulaka viSe kazI harakata karavAmAM Avaze nahi; temaja godAvI ane tApI nadI vaccenA je killA vigare hAlakara pAsethI jItI . sIdhA hoya te pAchA ApavA, have jasavaMtarAva hAlakare IMdora mAlyA pachI i. sa. 1806mAM tenI kojanA kharacano nibhAva thayA nahi tethI vIsa hajAra svArane rajA AApI. paNa te svAro potAnA pAchalA khAkI rahelA pagArane mATe aDIne kheThA tathA temaNe jasavaMtarAvanA bhAi mahAvarAvanA putra khaDerAvane gAdIe besADavAnI mA calAvI ane barDano prakAza jaNA nyA; AthI jasavaMtarAve potAnA bAkI rahelA lazkarathI baMDakhora svA2e no badobasta karyo ane jayapuranA rAjA jagatasiMha pAsethI nANAM ka DhAvI svArAnI khAkI vALI mApI. potAno bhatrijo khaMDerAva 3 jene vIsa hajAra vArAe gAdI upara besADavA makvA calAvI hatI, tenI A vakhata sAta varasanI choTI umara hatI. tene tathA tenA bhAIne jasavatarAve mArI naMkhAvyA. jasavatarAve IMdora AAvyA pachI potAnA lazkara ane rAjyane tana manathI sudhAravA mAMDayuM. teno AkaLA svabhAva, jAte dhaNuM kAma karavAnI Teva, ane dArUnuM vadhI paDeluM vyasana e kAraNothI te gAMDo thai gayA ane tevI sthitimAM chevaTa i. sa. 1811mAM maraNa pAmyA. grAMTaDapha potAnA pustakamAM lakheche ke "te dhaNoja mahenatu ane sAhasa kAma karnAro hato tathA tenI prakRtithI teNe ghaNI phateha meLavI che. kadI koI vakhata dhArelo vicAra pAra paDaeN nahi to tethI te nAhiMmata thaI jato nahAto." jasavaMtarAva divAnA thayA tyArathI rAjakArabhAra tenI rAkhelI strI tuLamIbAi karatI hatI. jasavaMtarAvanA maraNa pachI teno putra mahAvarAva

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(12) helakara choranI gAdIe bo. tenI bAlyAvasthAmAM paNa 1LazIbAI e rAjakAramAra calAvyo. i. sa. 1819mAM pIMDhAra luMTAro karImakhAna grejo sAme vera karI para Avyo. tene pakaDI tuLazIbAIe keda karyo hate; paNa pachIthI te nAzI ga. tuLasIbAIe ghAtakIpaNAthI potAnA rAjyanA keTalAeka meTA moTA amaladArone mArI nAkhyA ane ghaNI kharAba rItathI cAlI. AthI rAjyamAM aMdhera cAlavA mAMDayuM. A kAraNathI tenuM dhaNuMkharuM lazkara ane paThANa saradAro bAjIrAva pezvA nAsato phasto hato tenI pAse javAne taiyAra thayuM. A khabara kanalamAlakama sAhebe sAMbhaLI eTa. le te A tarapha Avyo. helakaranA lazkaranI chAvaNI prA nadIne kinAre mahIdapuramAM hatI tyAMthI pAMca kosa upara mAlakama AvI paho . - LazIbAino vicAra che je sAthe jhaghaDo karavAno nahato tethI tA. rasa DIsembara sane 1817nA roja rAtre helakaranA lazkaranA keTalAeka saradAroe saMpa karI taLazIbAInuM mAthuM kApI nAkhyuM ane tenuM muLa kSIprA nadImAM nAkhI dIdhuM. bIje divase kSIprA nadImAMja helakara ane IgrejonI phoja vacce laDAI thaI temAM helakaranuM lazkara hAra pAmyuM. ane temanuM ghaNuMkharUM nAzI gayuM keTalAeka svAra bAjIrAva pezvA pAse jatA rahyA. helakaranA tAbAnI je phoja hatI teTalAvaDe halakaranA kArabhArIe rAjI thayA. mahAvarAva halakaranI nAnI umara hatI. ane temanI 20 hajAra svAranI phoja hatI teNe bAjIrAvano pakSa ke tethI aMgreja sarakAre te phojane harAvI. A vakhata pachI thoDA divasamAM eTale tA. 6 jAnyuArI sane 1818nA roja mahAvarAva helakaranI vatI rAjya kArabhAra calAvanArAoe maMjusara mukAme aMgrejo sAthe saMdhI karI. A saMdhInA karAvathI halakare kabula karyuM ke, pIDhArAone kadI madada ApavI nahi temane cAkarImAM rAkhavA nahi. rajaputasthAnanA rAjAonA mulaka upara saghaLo dAvo choDI devo, sAtapuDAnI dakSiNane potAno saghaLe mulaka Ijane Apavo ane aMgreja sarakAranI salAha lIdhA vagara koI paNa rAjya sAthe vyavahAra rAkhavo nahi.

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(103) mahAvarAva halakara sane 1833nAakaTobara mAsamAM aThThAvIsa varasanI umare maraNa pAmyA. temane putra nahoto tethI temanI vidhavA rANI gotama bAIe eka bApa helakara nAmanA putrane dattaka laI tenuM nAma mArakaMDarAva pADI tA. 17 jAnevArI sane 1834nA roja gAdIe besADyA, jene greja sarakAre kabUla rAkhyo. AgaLa kaMIka divase ghaNA mAsa sudhI mAhezvaramAM keda karelo harIrAva nAme vArasa nikaLyo. tene divAna tathA lazkaranI madada maLI tethI teNe bALarAjA bhArataMDarAvane gAdI uparathI uThAvI mukI pate helakaranA rAjayane dhaNuM thaI paDyo. have mArAMDarAvanI pakSanA lokone je Ija laDavA te baMdobasta rahe nahi, tethI te bALaka mAradDarAvane dara mAse rU 500)nI nimaka bAMdhI ApI ane harirAvane halakara TharAvyA. A kAmamAM harIrAvano dAvo bhArataMDarAva karatAM vadhAre majabUta nahato. paraMtu aMgreja sarakAre dezanA baMdobastane mATe gera InasApha karyo. harihararAvane tA. 10 mI eprIla sane 1934 nA roja rAjyAbhipeka karavAmAM Avyo mArate DarAvane dezamAMthI hAMkI muko. te rAjya uparathI sadhaLo haka uThAve evI zarate tene dara mahine rU500) ApavA * TharAvyA. harihararAva rAjya calAvavAne lAyaka nahato. te azakta, bIkaNu ane vahemI hato. teNe rIvAjI phAMsI A nAmanA eka mANasane divAna banAvyo. A divAna buddhihina, dhanane lobhI, svArthI, ane dArUDIo hato. teNe potAnA chokarA rAjA bhAune mahArAjAnI chokarI vere paraNuMvyo. ane temane keTalAMka pragaNAM bakSisa ApyAM. A divAnanA vakhatamAM pedAzamAM ghaNo ghaTA thayo. ane kharacamAM vadhAro thayo ne lazkaramAM ghaTADo karyo. I. sa. 1835 mAM mayata mahArAjA mahAvarAva holakaranA divAna mAdhavarAva phaDanavIze phitara macAvyuM I. sa. 1835 nA sapTembara mahinAmAM keTaluka lazkara laIne te aMdara gayo. tene keTaluka rAjAnuM lazkara maLI gayuM. teo rAjAnA mahelamAM peThA ane te lUTa paNa eTalAmAM rAjAnA lazkare temanA upara hallA karyA ane baMDakhoronA mANasone kApI nAkhyAM. A phivarathI rAjAne ghaNI dhAstI lAgI. teNe rAjamahelanI AsapAsa killo baMdhAvyo ane tenI AsapAsa cokIdAra mukyA.

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(14) I. sa. 1835 mAM rIvAjI phAMsIAe potAnI ja choDI ane tyAMthI pote nAzI gayo. tenI pachI sIkrama mAnAya nAmanA sakhasane mahArAjAe divAna nImyo. A vakhate rAjyamAM eTalo badho gaDabaDATa cAlato hato ke aMgreja sarakArane vacce paDavAnI jarUra paDI. aMgreja sarakAre mahArAjAne sakhata tAkIda karI ke je amuka vakhata mAM rAjyamAM sudhAre karavAmAM nahi Ave te rAjya upara jatI mukavAmAM Avaze. AvI bIkane lIdhe mahArAjAe AbAjI bulAkhane potAne divAna banAvyo A divAna himatavAna, hoMzI Ara, ane cAlAka hato. teNe thoDA vakhatamAM rAjyamAM ghaNA sudhArA karyo. teNe kharacamAM ghaTADo karyo, lAMcI A amaladAne khaseDyA ane temanI jagoe prAmANika ane hoMzI Ara mANasanI nimaNuMka karI. teNe vasulAta khAtAmAM ghaNe sudhAro karyo. tenA vakhatamAM pedAzamAM ghaNuM vadhAro thaze. AthI gavarnara janarala lADa AkaDa ghaNe khuzI thayo ane teNe te bAbata divAnane kAgaLa lakhI potAnI khuzI jaNAvI. harIhararAva halakara tA. 24 mI okaTobara sane 1843 nA roja * maraNa pAmyA. te vakhate temanI 48 varasanI umara hatI. temanA pachI temanI rANI hirAbAIe khaDerAva nAmanA bALakane dattaka laI gAdIe besADyo. khaMDerAva mAtra traNa mAsamAM maraNa pAmyo. tethI gAdIpati nakkI karavAnuM kAma aMgreja sarakAranA hAthamAM AvyuM. harirAvanI mAzrIe eka duranA kuTuMbI bhAu helakara ke je muLa purUSa malhAvarAvanA vaMzamAMno hato, temanA bALa putra mahAvarAvane pasaMda karyA ane temane gAdI upara besADavAnI hiMsthAnanI sarakAre maMjurI ApI. A putrane janma I. sa. 1833 mAM thayo haze tethI A vakhate temanI vaya 10 varasanI hatI. tathA te khubasurata caherAnA hatA. tA. 27 mI juna sane 1844 nA roja iranA te vakhatanA resiDenTa sara rabarTa hemilTane temane gAdI upara besADyA ane te vakhate temanuM nAma mahAvarAva badalI dukAjIrAva halakara evuM pADavAmAM AvyuM. tukAjIrAva nI nAnI umara hovAthI prathama je rIjansI kAunasIla nImavAmAM AvI hatI te kAyama rAkhI. mahArAjAnI buddhi dinaparadina khIlatI cAlI. thoDA vakhata pachI kAunasIle kAmakAjamAM temanI salAha laI kAma karavA mAMDayuM.

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(15) khajAnA uparanA dareka hukamamAM temanI sahI joIe ema TharyuM. AthI rAjyanA adhikArIo upara kharaca khuTaNa karavAmAM barAbara dAba rahyo. A beThavaNa te vakhatanA gavarnara janarala laMDa hArDIgane jANavAmAM AvyAthI te ghaNe khuzI thayo ane te bAbata eka patra khuda mahArAjA upara tathA bIje patra rAjamAtAne lakhI potAne saMtoSa jaNAvyo. pote sArI keLavaNI pAmyA ane sane 1851-paramAM dezATana mATe uttara hiMdusthAnamAM mahArAjAe musApharI kIdhI. AgrA, dilhI, haradAra, raka ane jayapura vagere zaheranI bheTa lIdhI. A musApharI karI pote pAchA AvyA eTale gavarnara janarale temane temanA rAjyano vahivaTa soMpI devA mATe vicAra karyo, tathA te vahivaTa seMpavA mATe tyAMnA resiDenTa sara robarTa hemilTana upara hukama karyo. A vakhata mahArAjAnI umara 18 varasanI thaI hatI. tA. 8mI mArca sane 18paranA roja resiDenTa sAhebe eka moTo darabAra bharyA. A darabAramAM ghaNA ThAkoro ane jamInadAro bhegA thayA hatA. te badhAnI vacce mahArAjAne gavanara janarala taraphathI Avelo patra vAMcI batAvIne mahArAjAne Ape. e patra ApyA pachI resIDenTa sAhebe bhASaNa karyuM ke-"je miTa rAjyanI gAdI upara Apane besADavAmAM AvyA che te rAjyano vahivaTa karavA ane tenuM jokhama upADI levA gavarnara janarala sAhebe Apane lAyaka gayA che, jene mATe huM ghaNe khuzI thAu chuM. ane umeda dharAvuM chuM ke Aja sudhI ApanA mATe je sArA vicAra baMdhAelA che te hamezAM kAyama rakhAvaze" I. sa. 1853mAM mahArAjA helakara sarakAre bIjI musApharI kIdhI jemAM muMbAI, punA, ane dakSiNanAM ghaNAM zaheze jayAM. I. sa. 1857mAM je moTo baLavo thaze tenI asara helakara sarakAranA mulakamAM paNa thaI hatI. A vakhata helakaranuM lazkara temanA mulakamAM vikharAeluM hatuM. temane sarasAmAna, hathi Ara vagere jevAM joIe tevAM nahetAM. dArUgoLe cheka khuTI gayo hato. A vakhata i2mAM rahenarI rAMDa resiDenTa hato. tene ane mahArAjAne kaMIka kAraNa mATe aNabanAva cAlato hato. mahArAjAe joitI cIjone pUrI pADa 14

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(106) thAne resiDenTanI sahAya mAgI. resiDenTe muMbAInA gavarnara lADaeN eki sTana sa:hebane tAra karI eka hajAra baMduko tathA bIjI madada mAkalavA lakhyuM. paraMtu resiDenTanA jANavAmAM AvyuM ke resiDensI upara je topo. choDavAmAM AvI hatI temAM DAlakara sarakAranA topakhAnAmAM nI je topo resiDensI ane trIjorInA saMrakSaNane sArI mANelI hatI, te paNa hatI. muMbAithI magAvelI madada mAvI paheAJI te pahelAM duHrAMDa sAhebe potAnA mANasAne ekaThAM karI IMdora choDI tyAMthI nIkaLI javA nakkI karyuM. dhaNI muzkelIthI te sIhAra jaI pahAcyo, ane tyAM potAnI maDama ane bIjI maDamo tathA bALabaccAMne sukI, muMbAthI je lazkara madhya bhAgamAM baMdobasta mATe jatuM hatuM tenI vyavasthA karavA sArU te mAsIragaDha gayo. mA lazkara jaladIthI mAvI pahoMcyuM mane tenI madadathI dhArane kabaje karyu ane maMDusara AgaLa laDAi laDI nI- maMcano bacAva karyAM. hAlakara sarakAranuM lazkara ekeda thaI khaDakhora bheguM maLIgayu hatuM tene mATe rAMDano vicAra holakarane lapeTavAno hato; paNa gavarnara janarale temane javAbada.r gaNyA nahi. vadhArAmAM eNlphi sTana sAhekhenuM ema dhAravuM hatuM ke durAMDa sAhekhe purA vicAra na karatAM utAvaLathI hAlakarane vagovyAche. ane pote IMdorathI jatA rahI dunInA manamAM evo masara karAvI ke kAMto hAlakara sarakAra dagalabAja nIkaLyA haze athavA resiDenTa pAkA kAraNa vagara IMdora cheADIne jatAravA haze. resiDenTa sarahenarI durAMDano abhiprAya evo hato ke dezI rAjA potAnI vartaNukane mATe javAbadAra che. A abhiprAyane anusarIne temanI badhI dalIlo hatI. sIpAivor" e nAmanA pustakano lakhanAra kaheche ke julAi mAsanA pahelA aThavADIAnI hAlakara sarakAranI vartaNukane lagatI badhI hakIkatono pUrNa ane ghaNA vakhata sudhI vicAra karatAM te kharekharo IMgreja sarakAra tarapha hato ema mArA mananI khAtrI thayA vagara rahetI nathI. lADuM eNlphinsTane paNa sara kurAMDane eka patra lakhI temAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke mane ema lAgeche ke tame hajI hAlakara viSe vahema rAkhoche. tame IMdoramAMthI gA tyAra pachI je banyuMche te uparathI hAlakara resiDensI upara thaelA halAMnA kAmamAM sAmIla hAvAnAM taheAmatamAMthI mukta thAyache, bezaka temanuM dIla mApanA virUddha hAta to

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(107). Akho deza khaLabhaLI uThata. tamAma nAnA ThAkora temanA sAmuM joI rahyA hatA ane TheTha gujarAtanI sarahada sudhI temanI vartaNukanI asara jaNAI Avata. A vAta eTale badhe ThekANethI AvelI che ke e viSe kaMI saMdeha raheto nathI mATe huM vinaMtI karuM chuM ke tamAre helakaranI virUddha kaMIpaNa vahemAvuM nahi kAraNa ke mALavA ane gujarAtamAM paNa zAntI rahI che. tene mATe ApaNe temanA AbhArI chIe. * upara pramANe abhiprAya hatA paNa vaDI sarakAramAM halakara viSe je vahema bharAyo hato te nIkaLI zake nahi. sarakAre temane jI. sI. esa. AIne betAba Apyo tathA "kAunsIlara opha dhI empAyara" banAvyA hatA. paraMtu dezI rAjyanI gaNanA pramANe moTAmAM moTuM mAna ke je mulakanI bakSI-te siMdhaA sarakArane ApavAmAM AvelI ne chelakara sarakArane maLI nahi. vakhatevakhata teo A vAta briTiza sarakArane jaNAvatA hatA paNa kaMI maLyuM nahi. I. sa. 1862mAM temane dattaka levAnI sanaMda maLI. I. sa. 1865mAM relave mATe je jamIna ApavAmAM AvI te badhI jamIna upara pote rAjyahaka rAkhI devAnI phojadArI hakumata sAthe maphata ApI eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu sADAcAra TakAnA vyAje eka karoDa rUpIA halakara sTeTa relave bAMdhavA sArU 101 varasanI mudate briTiza sarakArane dhI. e rUpIA mahArAjA tukAjIrAva halakara, temanA vArasa ane temanI pachI gAdIe besanAranA nAma upara rahe ema karyuM . sa. 1865mAM potAnA rAjyanI jamInano dara bAMdhavA TharAva , A TharAvanuM eka lakSaNa e hatuM ke jamInanA kabajA bhogavaTAno kheDutane vaMza paraMparAne haka nahi ane te vize sarakAranI marajI pramANe vyavasthA karavAno haka ema gaNavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A voraNa pramANe je vighoTI TharAvavAmAM AvI te ghaNI bhAre hatI. I. sa. 1861nI sAlamAM hiMdusthAnanI sarakAre holakara sarakArane je jamIna ApI hatI ane jenI vArSika upaja rU.28000 AvatI hatI te navI vighoTImAM vadhIne 3100000 (eka lAkha) karI hatI. A pramANe vighoTI vadhArI tenA vyAjabIpaNu viSe janarala DAlI sAhebe tukArAva halakarane puchayuM tyAre temaNe javAba Apyo ke-AvI vighoTI virUddha lokamAM je

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(108) bebATa uTho che te tenA geravyAjabIpaNAne mATe nahi paNa e kAma ekadama thayuM che tene mATe che. e vAta kharI ke meM ekadama vadhAro karyo che. paraMtu AvI agatyanI bAbata tarapha lAMbo vicAra karI paDI rahevA devA viSe kaMI kAraNa nathI, ane A goThavaNa karavAne boja mArAM chokarAne mATe mukI paDyuM rahevA devuM te karatAM te bojo huM pote upADI lau e mane vadhAre sAruM lAgyuM. mArA pratye lokonA nArAjIpaNuM vize tamArA sAMbhaLavAmAM bahu Ave che ane tame ghaNA vicAra kare che; paraMtu e vAta bahu lakSa ApavA jevI nathI. eke rAjya lokapriya nathI tamArUe nathI ane koinuM hoya ema huM jANato nathI * I. sa. 1872mAM mahArAja tukArAva halakare eraTI mAdhavarAvane potAnA rAjyamAM divAna nImyA tyAM sudhI mahArAjAnA badhA vicAra svataMtra eTale potAnI marajI pramANe kAma karavAnA hatA. maMtrI maMDaLa hatuM kharuM paraMtu te mAtra hukama pramANe amala kare eTale ja temane ahIAra hato. vyAjabI geravyAjabIpaNA viSe temanAthI bolI zakAtuM nahotuM. sara TI mAdhavarAvanI nImaNuMka thayA pachI halakaranA rAjyano vahivaTa nIce mujaba ha judA judA khAtAnA maMtrIo pota potAna khAtAnA kAmanA kAgaLo taiyAra karI saraTI mAdhavarAvanI sahI levA AvatA. jarUrIAta kAmamAM vicAra levA sArU ane prathama sucanA A javAbane keTalAka loko khubI bharelo gaNe che. huM paNa tene kaI khubI bharelo che ema kabula karuM chuM. paNa ethI temanI kharI khubI jaNAI AvatI nathI potAnI prajA upara ekadama julama vAparI game tevA karanA bojA nAkhavA e kaMI vAgha mAryo kahevAya nahi. ene "nabaLo mAMTI virapara za" e kahevata pramANe thAya che. rAjAo jamIna upara ke bIjA verAno bhAre bojo prajA upara nAkhe che. satya rIte bhalIeto e bojo prajAnuM rakSaNa karavA mATe che. hAlanA rAjakartAomAMnA ghaNuMkharA eTalA mATe verA nAkhatA hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. teo potAnI jAtanA vaibhavane mATe evAM nANAM kaTAve che. prajAnuM rakSaNa thAyache ke nahi evuM samajanArA ghaNA thoDAja rAjAo jovAmAM Ave che ane mane ema lAge che ke je prajA upara julama karanAra rAjAo che temano julama ghaNA vakhata sudhI paramezvara sAMkhaze nahi.

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(109) meLavavA sArU prathamathI kAma lAvatA. koI vadhAre agatyanuM athavA muzkelI bhareluM kAma hoya te ghaNuM karIne badhA maMtrIo ekaThA thatA ane te viSe vicAra karatA. A rIte ekatra ane preyaka prathaka javAbadAra TharAvI. rojanA cAlu kAmamAM mahArAjane puchabhAmAM AvatuM nahi, paraMtu vadhAre kharca karavAnAM, resiDensI saMbaMdhInAM ane jemAM dehAMta daMDa athavA janmaparvatanI sajA karavAnI hoya te badhAM kAma mahArAjAnI marajI pramANe karavAmAM AvatAM. revanyu khAtu khuda mahArAjAnI dekharekha nIce hatuM. I. sa. 1850 mAM mahArAjA tukAjIrAva hailAkare sutaranuM eka kArakhAnuM kADhayuM hatuM, te sArI rIte cAlyuM tethI thoDA vakhata pachI bIjuM eka kArakhAnuM ubhu karyuM. e baMne kArakhAnAmAMthI sAro napho thAya che. mALavA ane nImADamAM pAkagurU ghaNe bhAge temAM vaparAya che. A kArakhAnAmAMthI rAjyanI khAnagI khAte sArI pedAza Ave che. I. sa. 1875 mAM rANInA vaDA zAhajAdA prinsa opha velsa - lako AvyA tyAre temanI mulAkAtane mATe mahArAjA kalakatte gayA hatA. prinsa paNa tA. 9 mI mArca 1876 nA roja IramAM AvyA. A vakhata mahArAjAe 300 bhIla tarUNa tarUNIonA alaikika nAca batAvI zAhajAdAne dhaNA rAjI kIdhA hatA. A nAca mATe te ja vakhata zAhajAdA bolyA hatA ke "te IMglAMDanA (bAlanI) nAcanI eka jAtanI nakala hatI. tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877 nA roja mahArANI vikaTorIAe hiMdane mATe kesahiMda"nuM pada dhAraNa karyuM ane te bAbatane Te vAMcI battAvavA mATe teja tArIkhe lITane dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato. te vakhatanA darabAramAM mahArAjA dilhI padhAryA hatA. A vakhata hiMdane mATe eka navI Impiriala kensala nimavAmAM AvI tenA sabhAsada tarIke mahArAjAne nimavAmAM AvyA hatA. A IlakAba mAtra nAmano ja hato. iMdoranI gAdIe je rAjA heya temane briTiza sarakAra taraphathI 19 tapa maLavAno TharAva che. paraMtu mahArAjA tukAjIrAvanI sArI vartaNukane lIdhe temane temanI hayAtI sudhIne mATe 21 topanuM mAna maLavA A darabAra vakhata TharAva thayo hato. tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 188 nA roja mahArAjA hamezane mATe IDIana e

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(110) ppAaranA membara tathA kampanIananA padane pAmyA hatA. halakara tathA vAliaranA rAjakartA siMdhione eka bIjA vacce vaMzaparaMparAthI aNabanAva dhAravAmAM Avato hato. ne aNabanAva I. sa. 1874 thI tUTI gayo ane baMne rAjakartA vacce snehanI gAMTha baMdhAI hatI. mahArAjAne be putra che, jemAMnA vaDA zivAjIva urphe bALAsAheba ane bIjA jasavaMtarAva che. zivAjIrAva, karanAlanoramana temaja iMdara rAjakumAra kolejanA prinsIpAla mI. mike pAsethI aMgrejI zIkhyA che. mahArAjA tukArAva holakara tA. 17mI juna sane 1881nA roja savAranA agIAra vAgate 53 varasanI umare kalAsa vAsI thayA. temaNe badhuM maLIne 42 varasa sudhI rAja karyuM. Isa. 1857mAM hiMdamAM moTo baLavo thayo tyAra pachI IMglAMDamAM tukArAva halakara ane bAjIrAva sidhio e be rAjAonAM nAma jevAM prasiddha thayAM hatAM, tevAM hiMdanA eka paNa rAjAnAM thayAM nahotA. temanI aMgrejI re.jya taraphanI vaphAdArI siddha thaI cukelI che. dezI rAja saMbaMdhI koI paNa moTuM agatyanuM kAma-rAjyanA lazkara sabaMdhI, temanI aMdaranI rAjya vyavasthA sabaMdhI temano simA mukarara karavA saMbaMdhI, temanA saradAro ane jamInadAronI sAthenA temanA sabaMdha sabaMdhI, aMgreja sarakAre madhya ejansinA holakara ane siMdhionAM be moTAM rAjyanA prathamathI vicAra jANyA vagara kaI paNa nikAla kIdhA nathI. tukAjIrAva halakara DAhyA, vicikSaNa ane heziAra hatA. temanA pachI temanA vaDA putra zivAjIrAva iMdoramAM gAdIe beThAte hAlanA mahArAjA che. tA. 19 phebruArI sane 1887nA roja mahArANI vikTorIAne rAja kayAne 50 varasa thaI gaAthI tenI khuzAlImAM hiMdusthAnamAM jyubIlI nAmano mahatsava pALavAmAM Avyo hato temAM IMdoranA mahArAjA zIvAjIrAve sAro lAbha lI hatI. A vakhate temaNe zaheramAM rozanI karAvI hatI. ane garIba lokone ane vastra ApyAM hatAM tathA keTalAka kedIone paNa chuTA karyA hatA. vaLI temaNe hArDa rIpano dAkhalo laI potAnI yitane sthAnika svarAjyane haka Apyo ha. mahArAja zivAjIrAva briTiza chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhate temane lazkarI salAmati ane 18 tepanuM mAna ApavAmAM Ave che.

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(111). dora--e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM rAjakata mahArAjA rahe che. A zahera kATakI nadIne DAbe kinAre AveluM che. tenI uMcAI darIA sapATIthI 18.6 phuTanI che. iramAM mahArAjA ane madhya hiMda ejansikhAtAno poliTikala ejaMTa rahe che. A zahera alahAbAIe I. sa. 1770mAM, rAjyanA sthApanAra mahAvarAva halakaranA maraNa pachI bAMdhyuM hatuM A pahelAM A rAjyanI rAjadhAnI kAmpIla nagaramAM hatI ane te hAla agnikoNamAM 18 mAIlane cheTe che. deramAM Azare 75000 mANasanI vastI che temAM pa7000 hi6, 16000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa loka che. zaheranA rastA sArA che. rAjamahela eka jevA jevuM makAna che ane te zaheranA dareka bhAgamAMthI joI zakAya che. A sivAya bIjAM jevA jevAM makAna, lAlabAga-A bAganI aMdara unALAmAM , havAne mATe eka makAna ane temAM ghaNAM prANIone moTo ja che, 2 TaMkazALa, 3 hAIskula, 4 bajAra, 5 lAIbrerI, huM davAkhAnuM, 7 phanukArakhAnuM che. rAjamahela relave sTezanathI Azare eka mAIla che. aMdaranA relavesTezananI bIjI bAjue IgrejI chAvaNI che. ahi eka davAkhAnuM, keTalAka baMgalA ane eka sAjakumAra koleja che. A sivAya eka resiDensI skula che vaLI keneDIana presa bITIrIana mIsane tyAM eka navI skula dAkhala karI che. mahArAjAnI IramAM eka hAIskula che temAM miTIkayulezana sudhIno abhyAsa karAve che vaLI eka ja che temAM dakSaNI brAhmaNane zIkhavavAmAM Ave che. A sivAya iMdoramAM be chokarIonI nizALe che. bhepALa. bhopALanuM rAjya madhyahiMda ejansinA dakSiNa bhAganI aMdara che, rAjakartA aphagAna jAtanA musalamAna che. hAlanA rAjakartA begama che. sImA. A rAjyanI uttare siMdhI AnA samasAbAda ane bhIlazA pragaNAM pUrve sAgara prAMta, dakSiNe narmadA nadI ane tenI pelI mira madhyaprAMtanA jIllA prazcime helikara tathA siMdhIA sarakAranA rAjyanAM paragaNAM ane vAvyakoNe narasiMhagaDhanuM rAjya che. A rAjyano vistAra 1803 - rasa mAIla jamInano che. ane temAM 4 zahera ane 3006 gAma che. vastI

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(12) Azare (navalAkha) mANasanI che. temAM 750000 hiMdu 8ra000 musalamAna 6000 jana 118000 asalI jAta ane bIjI paracuraNa - tanA lokache. vArSika pedAza 3 4000000 (cALIzalAkha) lAkhane Azare thAya che. dezanuM svarU5-A rAjyane ghaNuM mulaka vidyAdri parvatanI uttare che ane thoDe mulaka viMdhAdinI dakSiNe viMdhAdi tathA sAtapUDA DuMgarAnI vacce che. dezamAM pANI AvavAnI sArI hevAthI te sukALane lIdhe jamIna dhaNI rasALa che ThAma ThAma jhADI ane DuMgarA jovAmAM Ave che. nadIo-mukhya nadI narmadA che te A rAjyanI dakSiNa sarahada u. para pUrvathI pazcima tarapha vahe che. 2 beTavA e nadI A rAjyanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM AvelA viMdhAdri parvatamAMthI nIkaLI A deza pasAra karI uttaramAM siMdhIA vagerenA mulakamAM thaI agADI jatAM yamunA nadIne maLe che. . 3 pArvatI e nadI A rAjyanI pratyakoNanA bhAgamAM vidyAdri parvatamAMthI pragaTa thaI ghaNuM karI pazcima sImA upara thaI uttara tarapha vahIne rajapUtAnA ane sidhIAnA rAjyanI sarahada upara caMbala nadIne maLe che. sivAya nAnI nadIo dhaNI che paNa te jANavA jevI nathI, havA sAdhAraNa, varasAda sAro varase che. jamIna tathA nipaja-jamIna sArI ane rasALa che nipajamAM pahuM, DAMgara, makAI, kALa, gaLI, zeraDI, tamAku, kapAsa, ane khasakhasa vagere nipaje che. vagaDAmAM sarasa jAtano sAga thAya che. DuMgaramAM lohuM, sIsu ane tAMbAnI khANa che paNa teno upayoga karavAmAM A va nathI. janAvara- DuMgaromAM vAgha, siMha, rIMcha, sAbara, haraNa vagere jaMgalI janAvara rahe che gAma pazumAM baLada, bheMza, gAyo vagere che. loka tathA bhASA-mukhya karIne bhIla, gAMDa, rajapUta, pIMDhAre, mare ThA ane musalamAna vagere lokanI vastI che. musalamAna ghaNuM karIne paThANa ane vahorA e be jAtanA che. dezanI bhASA mALavI tathA mareThI che. | mukhya hera-pALa e A dezanI rAjadhAnInuM killAvALuM zahera che te ghaNuM karIne dezanA madhya bhAgamAM paNa vAvya koNa tarapha jarA nikaLatu che. zaheramAM rAjakata begama sAhebanI gAdI ane zrImaMta

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(13) lAkano rahevAsa che. zahera sArI bAMdhaNInuM ane te relave sTezana che. sarakArI temaja relave sTezana upara relavenI tAra ophIsa che. posTa ophIsa che. bhopALa ejansina poliTikala ejaMTa sAhebanuM sadara sTezana bhopALa che. zaheranI pAse eka moTuM ane suMdara taLAva che. sivAya moTAM zahera-IsalAma nagara, aTe, sahora rAyasina, ane jAmagaDha vagere che.-relave bhopALa zaherathI dakSiNa tarapha jI. AI. pI nAmanI moTI relave lAInanA ItarasI sTezana sudhI 57 mAIlanI relave lAina che je lAInano 46 mAIla jeTalo bhAga bhopALanA mulakamAM che. e 46 mAilanI lAIna bhopALanAM begama sAhebe bAMdhI che. jeno kharaca 50 lAkha rUpI A thayo che. e lAina tA. 18mI naveMbara sane 1884nA roja khullI mukavAmAM AvI che. ane tenuM nAma "bhopALa TeTa relave" evuM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. dattakanI sanada-bhopALanA rAjyane mATe je pachADI vArasa na hoya te vagara najarANuM Ape musalamAnI sare pramANe dattaka levAnI sanada aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI maLI che. temaja kesahiMda taraphathI IMglIza zahesAhI vAvaTa paNa maLyo che-yuddha sAmagrI-A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 2200 pedaLa, 94 vAra 14 laDAInI ane 43 bIjI tapa ane ra8 gelaMdAja (topa phoDanArA) che. 600 ghoDesvAra ane 400 pAyadaLanuM lazkara je bhopALa palaTaNa e nAmathI oLakhAya che tenA kharcane mATe navAba dara varase 2 200000 aMgreja sarakArane Ape che ane sahora hAIkulanA kharacane mATe rU5000) Ape che. A sivAya rAjyanA rastA sudhAravAne ane navA bAMdhavAne mATe rU.12000nI rakama ApavI paDatI te i. sa. 1833 thI baMdha thaI evI sarate ke begama thaelA rastA sudhAraze ane navA bAMdhavAmAM joIto kharaca karaze. I. sa. 1875mAM bhopALanA darabAra taraphathI rastAne mATe rU.2100 dara varase ApavA e TharAva thayo. vaLI begama sAhebe 2100000 bakSisa ApyA ane kuDasI A begama dara varase rU.25000 ApavA kabula karyuM. ItihAsa-bhopALanA rAjyanI sthApanA dosta mahamadakhAna nAmanA purUSe I. sa. nA aDhAramA saikAnI zarUAtamAM kIdhI, e dostamAmada 15

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(114 ) prathama kAbula taraphathI auraMgajeba pAdazAhanA vakhatamAM dilahI Avyo. tenI bahAdurI joI eraMgajeba pAdazAhe tene mALavAmAM besIA jIllAnI lazkarI hAkanI upara nimyo hato. desta mahamadakhAnanI A nimano I. sa. 1980mAM thaI hatI. riMgajeba pAdazAha I. sa. 1707mAM maraNa pAmyo ane tenA pachI bahAdurazAha pAdazAha thayo. e navA pAdazAhanA vakhatamAM je garabaDa thaI tene lAbha laIne dosta mahamadakhAna parAkrama, vizvAsaghAta ane krara kRtyoe karIne vadhyo. teNe AjubAjune ThAkoro tathA jamInadAro pAsethI keTalAka prAMta jItI lIdhA ane bhopALamAM potAnuM thANuM karI "navAba" evo khitAba dhAraNa karI rAjaya karavA mAMDayuM. tenA rAjyanA vakhatamAM ghaNuM khaTapaTa ane kAvAdAvA cAlatA hatA tevA vakhatamAM teNe potAnI buddhi ane bahAdurIne sArI peThe jhaLakAvI. I. sa. 1723mAM tenuM maraNa thayuM, te vakhata tenI umara 60 varasanI hatI. navAba dosta mahamadakhAnanA maraNa pachI gAdInA dAvAne mATe takarAra ubhI thaI. kAyadesara zAhajAdo sulatAna mahamadakhAna ane rAkhelI strInA peTathI thayelo yAra mahamadakhAna hato. dosta mahamadanA maraNa pachI sulatAna mahamada gAdIe beTho paNa yAra mahamada khAna pote vaDo che ema batAvI gAdIne mATe dAvo karavA lAgyo. tyAra mahamadakhAnanA pakSamAM nijAma ula mulka thayo tenI madadathI yAramahamada khAna bhopALanI gAdIe beThA ane sulatAna mahamadakhAne potAno gAdIno dAvo cheDI dI te badala tene rAjyagaDhano killo ane tenA tAbAno mulaka maLyo. yAramahamadakhAna navAba thayo paNa te kAyadesara nahi hevAthI paThANa saradAroe tene navAba tarike mAnyo nahi. yAramahamada tenA bApa dosta mahamadakhAnanA jevo bahAdura ane himatavAna nahoto. tenA maraNa pachI tene va zAhajAdo phejamahamada navAbano adhikAra pAmyo. kejamahamada paNa potAnA bApanA jevAja guNavALo ha; topaNa te banne vacce eka moTo taphAvata hato. jo ke tenAmAM buddhi thoDI hatI topaNa te bIjAone samajAvI kAbumAM rAkhavAmAM heziAra hato. rAjakArabhAramAM hiMduo hatAM. navAba pote eka dhamAMdha hato paNa dharmanI

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(15) bAbatamAM koIne dukha to nahoto. te bIjAone potAnA dharmamAM AvavAne mATe kaheto nahato, paNa pote potAne dharma barAbara pALa hato. vijayarAya nAmanA divAne tene kharacane mATe keTalo eka prAMta kahATI ApI hatI. pahelA bAjIrAva pezvAe bhopALanA mulakamAMthI arthe mulaka jItI lIdhuM. navAba jimahamada ichita ane bheLe hato tethI musalamAna laka tene "olIyA"nI upamA ApatA hatA. tenAmAM - jaya calAvavAnI zakti nahatI, te 38 varasa rAjya karI maraNa pAme. tenA pachI tene bhAI vasInamahamada navAba thaze. paNa te thoDA divasa rAja bhegavI maraNa pAmyo, tenA pachI teno trIjo bhAI hayAtamahamada. gAdIe beThA, asInamahamada ane te pachInA A hayAta mahamadamAM paNa rAjya calAvavA jeTalI zakti nahatI. tethI navAbanA khAnagI: kharacanA mATe pAMca lAkhanI upajano mulaka rAkhIne bAkInA paMdara lAkhanA mulakano vahivaTa divAna karato hato. dhyAta mahamadane murIda pholAdakhAna bhopALane kArabhAra calAvato hatuM. te vakhata eTale Isa. 1778 mAM gArDa sAhebanI saradArI nIcenuM lazkara baMgALethI mareThAo sAthe laDavA sArU dakSiNamAM gayuM. te vakhata rastAmAM rajaputa ane bIjA saradAro ke jeonAM rAjyamAM AvyAM hatAM te saradAromAMnA ghaNAkharA mareThAonA tAbedAra hatA, tethI temaNe igrejI lakarane sto nahI ApatAM ghaNI pajavaNI kIdhI hatI. paraMtu bhepALanA navAbe potAnA rAjamAM thaIne aMgrejI lazkarane dakSiNa tarapha javAno rasto Apyo eTaluM ja nahi paNa jyAre te lazkaranA senApati. gArDane agADI javAne azakya mAlama paDavuM tyAre navAbe temane dosta tarIkeno hAtha Apyo ane temanA upara je je harakato AvI hatI. te: TALI. A vakhata Igreje ane bhopALa vacce dostI baMdhAI te Aja dina sudhI cAlyA kare che. divAna pholAdakhAna ane muLa purUSa dosta mahamadakhAna pachI gA. dIe AvanAra yAra mahamadakhAnanI gharaDI vidhavA begama mAhadamAheba emanI vacce virodha paDyo tethI pholAdakhAna marAyo ane cattAkhAna nAme navAbano bIjo murIda divAna thayo. teNe paNa varasa sudhI

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( 11 ) prajAnuM pAlana sArI rIte karyuM. e murIda te murIda mahamadanA nAmathI prasiddha hato. jyAre Agalo navAba yAsIna mahamadakhAna maraNa pAmyo ane te pachI rAjya lobhane mATe judI judI ToLIo baMdhAI hatI tyAre hayAtakhAnanI ToLImAM prakhyAta pIMDhArI saradAra amIrakhAna 6 svAra ane 60 pedaLanA mANasa sAthe kara rahyo hato. prakhyAta amIrakhAna pachavADethI bhopALanA mulakamAM lazkarI senApati bAlArAma iglIyAnA tAbAmAM nAyaba thayo hato. pachavADethI amIrakhAna vadhato jatAM eTalA sudhI vadhyo ke holakaranA lazkarane mukhya senApati thaye; tethI agADI jatAM teNe *TakanA rAjya nI sthApanA kIdhI. hayAta mahamadanA rAjyanA pAchalA vakhatamAM pIMDhArA ane mareThAonA humalA bhopALanA rAjya upara uparA uparI thavA lAgyA. pIMDhArA *A rAjyanA rAjakartA jAte rohIlA jAtanA paThANa che ane te navAbanI padavithI oLakhAya che. A rAjyane mulaka eka ja nathI keTalAka rAja pUtANAmAM ane keTaloka bhAga mALavAmAM che. A rAjyano vi stAra 1834corasa mAIlano che ane temAM Azare 320000 (traNa lAkha vIsa hajAra mANasanI vastI che. vArasika padAza Azare rU.1200000 (bAra lAkha) thAya che. mukhya zahera Tekache temAM rAjakartA navAbanI gAdI che. A rAjyanI sthApanA karanAra amIrakhAna nAmano eka pIMDhArI saradAra hato. te I. sa. 1834mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI TekanI gAdIe vajIra mahamadakhAna thaze. te I. sa. 1864mAM maraNa pAmyo. temanA pachI temano zAhajAdo mahamada alIkhAna gAdIe beTho. A navAbe lAvAnA rajapUta saradAra upara ghaNe julama karyo hato tethI aMgreja sarakAre tene I. sa. 1868mAM padabhraSTa karyo ane navAbane 17 temanuM bhAna maLatuM hatuM te ghaTADI 11 topanuM mAna ApavA TharAva kayo. navAbane padabhraSTa karI banArasamAM keda rAkhyo ane tenA zAhajAdA IbrAhIma alIkhAnane TAMkanI gAdIe besADyo. A navAbanI sArI vartaNukane lIdhe tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877nA roja 17 tenuM mAna maLavA TharAva thayo. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 1130 dila 1730 svAra, 53 topa ane 100 golaMdAja rAkhavAnI sattA che. navAbanI umara hAla 42 varasanI che. vadhAre te mATe 9. hiM. rAjapUtANA pA. 14.

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( 11 ) e tIDanI mAphaka bhopA nA mulakamAM patharAI gayA ane mareThAoe paNa lUTo karavA mAMDI. AvI AphatanA vakhatamAM navAbane bIjA tarakaTI loko evI dahezata ApatA hatA ke rAjyanA kaDaka thaI jaze. AthI navAba gabharAya. paraMtu navAbane pItrAI bhAI vajIra mahamada ke jene divAnanI sAme baLavo uThAvyAthI dezanikAla karI hatI, teNe bhopALa mAM pAchA AvI, potAnA navAbanI AphatamAM bhAga laI, hAthamAM talavAra pakaDI, pIMDhArA tathA mareThAo upara paDI dezane bacAva kI. A talavArIA bahAranI buddhi, hiMmata ane sadaguNo e acaMba upajAve tevI rIte pIMDhArA ane mareThAone kahADyA ane ATha mAsa karatAM ochI mudatamAM navAba hayAta mahamadane tenuM bhopALanuM rAjya pAchuM soMpyuM. paNa te vakhata rAjakuTuMbamAMnA halakA mananA saradAroe tenI buja jANI nahi. te moTA manathI rAjakArabhAra karavA lAgyo; paNa navAbanA zAhajAdA dhAsa mahamadane tenA upara vahema Avyo ke divAna vajIra mahamada loka priya che tethI koI vakhata gAdIe bezI rAjyano dhaNI thaI paDaze. ema dhArI tene divAnagirImAMthI dUra karavA vicAra karyo. A kAmamAM ghAsa mahamade vicAra karyo ke tenI jagone mATe evA koI mANasanI nimanoka thavI joIe ke te vajIra mahamadane kacarI nAMkhe. marada mahabhadakhAna ke je A rAjyanI sthApanA karanAra dosta mahamadakhAnanA kAyade. sara zAhajAdAthI utarI Avelo hato tene divAna banAvyo ane vajIra mahamadane divAna pada uparathI utA. A pramANe pheraphAra karI vajIra mahamadano nAza thAya tevI yukti racI. vajIra mahamadane mareThA sAthe laDavA maka ane ghAsa mahamade loko upara julama karI potAno khajAno bharavA mAMDyo. AthI loko nArAja thayA ane rAjya upara humalo karavA uzkerAyA. A lokoe potAnI madadamAM mareThAone bolAvyA. A vakhata vajIra mahamadane vera vALavAnI taka hatI paNa pote beImAna nahi thatAM mareThAonI sAme thaI dezano bacAva karavA bhopALa pAcho Avyo. mareThA ane dezanA loke rAjya upara pasAra karavAthI pote jIta pAmaze ema AzA nahatI, paraMtu vajIra mahamadanI AbarU sAcavavA jANe Izvare nirmANa kIdhuM che tema siMdhIAnA rAjyamAM garabaDa uvAthI mane rAThAone teNe pAchA bolAvI lIdhA. A humalAnuM kAraNa merI mahamada

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( 11 ) hato tene mareThA pAchA jatI vakhate keda karI potAnI sAthe laI gayA. morIda mahaMmadane dahezata lAgyAthI te mareThAnA tAkhAmAM ApadhAta karI maraNa pAmyo. have jaMjIramahamada bhopALanAM rAjyano mukhya divAna thayo jyAre divAnano mukhkhImAra tenA hAthamAM smAo tyAre khajAno khAlI, deza garIbAimAM AAgI paDelo, ane lazkara dama vagaranuM jaNAyuM. vajIra mahamade potAnI buddhi ane hiMmatathI rAjyamAM sudhArA kIdho tathA thoDI mudatamAM rAjyane sArI sthitimAM mANyuM. have rAjyane potAnA kamanasIbamAMthI mukta thavAne vakhata pAse Avyo hato paNa dhosamahamada nabaLA manano hovAthI teNe prathama pIMDhArA ane pachI mareDAone bolAvyA. navAba hayAta mahamada I. sa. 1803mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI teno zAhajAdo dhosamahamada gAdIe kheDA. dhAsamahamadaeN potAnA dezanA lokanI madada nahi meLavatAM vajIra mahamadano nAza karavAne teNe mareThAone bolAvyA. navAkhanA A ayogya kAmathI vajIramahamada thaDo vakhata khazI gayo; paraMtu taka joIne pALe mALyo ane mareThAne kahA! jIyA tathA pote rAjyano adhikAra saMbhALI lIvo. AA vakhatathI ghAsa mahamada e nAmano navAba kahevAyo, ane rAjyanA mAlika tarIke vajIra mahamada thayo; AA vakhata pachI nava varasa sudhI vajIra mahamada potAnA dezanA khacAvate mATe duzmano sAme laDAi laDyo. i. sa. 1809mAM pIMDhArAgmAno atizaya julama DAvAthI teja sAla te loka sAthe salAha karavAnI jarUra paDI. thoDA vakhata pachI iMgrejo sAthe vAtacIta karI temanI sAthe salAha karavA vajIra mahamadaeN marajI khatAvI; paNa te vakhata kaMi banyuM nahi. paraMtu salAhane mATe te iMgrejo sAthe vaLagI rahyo. I. sa. 1912mAM siMdhI ane varADanA rAjAnAM lazkare bhopALanA killAne ghero cAlyo, nava mAsa sudhI ghero rahyo; paraMtu vajIramahamade chevaTa te dherAne haDAbyo. khIje varase eTale i. sa. 1813mAM siMdhImA tathA nAgapura vALA radhujI bhAMsalee pharIthI perA dhAlavAnI dahezata batAvI. paraMtu vajIra mahamade IMgrejonI madada mAgI, ane te madadathI siMdhIA tathA bheAMzalAno manasukho peza gayo nahi. A vakhatathI bhopALa ane IMgrejainI bhagatyatA vize jANavAne zarUAta thai. A vakhata pachI aDhAra

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(119) mahine eTale i. sa. 1816nA phebruJArI mAsamAM smA prakhyAta divAna vajIramahamada eka DAhyAmAM DAhyA rAja katA tarIke, eka mAhAdura laDavakkhA tarike, ane catura tathA hiMmatavAna saradAra tarikenuM, mAna mukI maraNa pAmyo. vajIramahamadanA pachI teno beTo najaramahamada thayo. e najaramahamadanI pAtrI hAla bhopALamAM rAjya kareche. mA naramahaMmade cAra varasa sudhI vahivaTa kIdho, temanA khIjA varasamAM eTale i. sa. 1817mAM te IMgrejo sAthe salAha karavAmAM teha pAmyo. salAhamAM evI zarata hatI ke IMgreja sarakArane madada karIne temaNe pIMDhArAAnI sAthe laDavuM. te zarata kharAkhara rIte pALavAmAM AvI, bIje vase eTale i. sa. 1818nA phebruArI mahinAnI tArIkha 26mInA roja bhopALa ane IMgreja sarakAra vacce haMmezanI dostIne mATe kolakarAra thayA. tethI bhopALanA rAjyanI upaja hamaNAM laDAinI bhAkhare mAzare vIsa lAkha rUpIA hatI, te rAjya hamezAM vaMza para MparA bhogavI IMgreja sarakAranI cAkarI sArU 600 vAra ane 400 pedaLa jeTaluM laskara taiyAra rAkhavuM ema TharyuM; sivAya khaMDaNI ApavAnI hatI te IMgreja sarakAre mApha karI ane maThThA vagere paMcamahAla, sujAvelapura ane isalAma nagarano killo vigere mulaka agAu laDAiomAM khoyo hato te bhopALane pAcho soMpyo. e mulaka jenA vahivaTamAM hato tene bhopALanI darabAra dara varase rU 6000 Ape ema paNa TharAva thayeA hato. bhopALanuM rAjya thALe paDyA pachI keTalAeka pIMDhArA lokone khetarA tathA jamIno mApI temane dhaMdhe vaLagADavAmAM sArUM pagaluM bharyuM ane tethI te lAka potapotAne dhaMdhe vaLagyA. bIje varase eTale i. sa. 1819mAM najaramahamada potAnI zAhajAdIne ramADatAM ramADatAM tenI kammaramAM pIstola hatI te acAnaka chuTI ane tethI maraNa pAmyo. najaramahamadanI, dhAsa mahamada navAkhanI zAhajAdI kudasIA begama sAthe zAdI thayelI hatI te khAne peTe sikadara khegama nAme ekaja za!hajAdI hatI. e sikadara begama bhopALanI rAjakatA khegama thaI. najara mahamadanA maraNa pachI bhopALanA amIronI kabulata ane IMgreja sarakAranI majurathI evo TharAva thayo hato ke temanA vaDA bhAino beTo munImahamadakhAna, sikaMdara begama sAthe zAdI kare ane te munIra mahu

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(12) mada navAba tarike bhopALanI gAdIe bese. vaLI evo paNa TharAva thayo hatuM ke zAdI thatA sudhI vacce je vakhata jAya teTalA vakhata sudhI vidhavA kudasIA begama rAjakArabhAra kare. A goThavaNa amalamAM AvI. kudazIA begama e veLA satara varasanI umaranI hatI. kudazI A begame potAnA maranAra dhaNI najara mahamadanA vakhatanA pradhAnone rAkhIne temanI salAha pramANe rAjakArabhAra karavA mAMDyo; paNa jema jema vakhata jato gayo tema tema begamane sattAno pAra vadhato gayo ane tethI munIra mahamada sAthe potAnI zAhajAdI sikaMdara begamanI zAdI karavA saMbaMdhIno karAra toDavA marajI batAvI. AthI munIra mahamada I. sa. 1827 mAM haTha pakaDI ke huMja zAdI karuM ane navAba banuM, kudazI A begama gusse thaI tene dhIkkArI kADhyo ane zAdI nahi karavAmAM Ave ema spaSTa rIte kahyuM ane zAdIno TharAva rada karyo. munIra mahamade takarAra banAvyAthI rAjyanA amIroe maLIne phera evo TharAva karyo ke kudazIA begama potAnI hayAtI sudhI svataMtrapaNe rAjya kare ane munIra mahamada mATe thayelI sarato rada karI tene 40 hajAra rUpIAnI pedAza jeTalI jAgIra ApavI tathA tenA bhAI jahAMgIra mahamada sAthe siMkadara begamanI zAdI karI kudazIA begamanI hayAtI pachI tene rAjya soMpavuM. sane 1835 nA eprIla mAsamAM sikaMdara begamanI zAdI jahAMgIra mahamada sAthe kIdhI. AthI samAdhAnI thavAne badale takarAze vadhI. traNa pArTI baMdhAI kudazI Akhegama, sikaMdarabegama ane jahAMgIra mahamada. je jahAMgIra mahamade thoDo vakhata rAha joI hato te thoDA vakhatamAM navAba banata 'paNa tene jaladIthI rAjyabhane mATe adhirAI AvI ane tethI teNe kudazI A begamane pakaDI keda karavA yuktio racavA mAMDI. tenI goThavo ke A kAmamAM yukti baMdha hatI ane temAM phateha pAmavAnI taiyArI hatI paraMtu aNunI vakhate tenA aMtaHkaraNe tene niSphaLa kI. kudazI Abegama jyAre sattAvALI hatI tyAre tene javA dIdhI. ane tethI karIne aMdara aMdaranI takarAra vadhI paDI. takarAramAM jahAMgIra mahamada hAya ane aSTAnA killAmAM jaI bharAI peTho. begamanA lazkare te killA pachADI ghero ghAlyo ane ghero be mAsa sudhI rahyo. chevaTe baMne pakSa taraphathI aMgreja sarakAranuM madhyasthapaNuM kabula thayuM ane tethI ema -

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( 12 ) rAva thayo ke begamane potAnI hayAtI sudhI dara varase 60 hajAranI pedAza jeTalI jAgIra AApavI, ane rAjyano kho jahAMgIra mahaMmade levo jahAMgIra mahamada kurdazISmA begamanI kharI kabulatathI tA. 29 mI nave khara sane 1837 nA roja bhopALanI gAdIe kheDo. pachIthI kheMgame kai takarAra karI nathI. paNa rAjya zAMntithI cAlyuM nahi. nAkha jahAMgIra mahaMmadanI strI sikaMdara khegama, bahAdura, buddhizALI, ane rAjalAMbI hAvAthI kajI cAlato rahyo. A navAbe 7 varasa sudhI du:kha bharelI rIte rAjya karyuM. tevA vakhatamAM temanI nabaLAI ane uDAupaNA zivAya khIjA kaMI paNa sadaguNo jaNAI AvyA nathI. jahAMgIra mahamada I. sa. 1843 mAM maraNa pAmyo tenA pachI tenI zAhajAdI zAhajAna begamane gAdInI vArasa TharAvI paNa te khALaka hAvAthI tenI mAtA sikaMdara begame rIjaTa tarike rAjakArabhAra calAvavA mAMDyo. JA vakhatathI sikaMdara begamane bhopALanA rAjyane sudhAravA tathA potAnI buddhi ane bahAdurIne prakAzita karavAno vakhata maLyo. potAnA cha varasanA rAjakArabhAramAM bhopALanA rAjane bIna karajAu kIdhuM. rAjya sudhArA kIdhA, potAnA rAjyamAM vepAra ane kArIgarIne mATe IjArA apAtA hatA, eTale ijAro karI koi amuka amuka mANasa te haka meLavatA hatA te rivAja khUMdha pADyA. ane koI paNa mANasa potAnI marajI pramANe vepAra rojagAra kare evI chUTa AApI. potAnA rAjyamAM TaMkazALa sthApI, polizakhAtuM sthApana karyuM, tathA te khAtAne dinaparadina sudhAryuM, rAjyanA dareka khAtAmAM keLavAyalA ane buddhizALI amaladAronI nimanoko kIdhI. potAnI zAhajAdI zAhajAna 18 varasanI umare Ave tyAM sudhI kArabhAra karavAne TharAva thayo hato; paraMtu zAhajAdI zAhajana khegamanI zAdI lazkaranA "senApati bakSI khImahamadakhAna sAthe thayA pachI te mudatamAM traNa varasano vadhAro thayo. bhAthI sikaMdara megamane saMtoSa thayo nahi. potAne potAnAja hakathI rAja karavAnI IcchA hatI. teTalA mATe potAnI zAhajAdI zAhajAnane IMgreja sarakAra mAgaLa - LakhAvI paNa te vakhata potAnI murAda khare khAvI nahi. paraMtu pachavA*senApati marI gayA pachI tenI sAdI mahumada sadIka husena sAthe thai hoya ema jaNA che, 1

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(13) tethI te kharekhara rAjakata tarike prasiddha thaI. A vakhata potAnI zAhajAdI zAhajAne potAnI mA sikaMdara begama hayAtI sudhI rAjya kare ema Igreja sarakAra AgaLa kabula karyuM. - I. sa. 1857nI sAlamAM hiMdamAM ThAma ThAma baLavo jo, te vakhata sikaMdara begama khetAnA rAjyane bacAva kI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa I. grejone Azraya ApavAmAM bAkI rAkhI nathI. aMgrejonA nAza viSe baMDakhoroe eprila mAsamAM Dharo pITAvyo hato. te vAtanI khabara pALa nA aMgreja resIDenTane turata ApI. juna mAsamAM je dezI baMDakhero e kAmane mATe lazkara bhegu karatA hatA temanA baLavAno darakAra nahi rAkhatAM khullI rIte bhopALamAMthI kahADI mukyA. julAI mAsamAM IMgreja amaladArone IramAM halakaranA baMDakhora lazkaranA julamathI nAsavuM paDayuM hatuM, te aMgrejone bhopALamAM rAkhI sAro Azraya Apyo hato. A kAmamAM begama sAhebane baMDakharo taraphathI bhAre Aphata veThavI paDI hatI. baMDakhora bhegA maLI gayelA bhepALanA lazkare temaja aMgrejI dezI sipAIoe baLavo karyo. te vakhata begama sAhebane potAnI mA, ke je dharmadha hatI teNe tathA teno kAze ke je nabaLA manane hato teNe aMgrejone ghANa kADhI nAMkhavA uzkeraNI ApI hatI. paraMtu pramANika begama sAhebe te vAtane dhikkArI kahADI potAnA Azraya na AvelA aMgreje, temanI abaLAo ane baccAMne salAmatIvALI jagA je hasaMgAbAda tyAM sudhI pahocADI dIdhAM ane pachIthI potAnI talavAra ane buddhibaLathI baMDakhora lazkarane narama pADayuM eTaluM ja nahi paNa pitAnA bhopALanA rAjyamAM zAntI pAtharI. pachIthI jyAre baMDakhora lokonI bharatI utarI gaI ane aMgrejo vera levAne taiyAra thayA tyAre paNa begama sAhebe potAnA lazkarathI tathA khorAkathI aMgrejone kimatI madada ApI. A begama sAhebanI madadanA badalAmAM aMgreja sarakAre temane bArIAnuM paragaNuM bakSisa ApyuM, je pragaNuM dhAranA rAjA pAsethI laI levAmAM AvyuM hatuM. sane 1859nA Disembara mAsamAM aMgreja sarakAre begama sAhebane eka sanada ApI tethI te potAnA eka haka tarike bhopALanuM rAjya kare ane temanA pachI temanI zAhajAdI tathA te pachI temanA vaMzajo musalamAnI sareha pramANe bhopALanuM rAjaya bhogave ema

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(13) karyuM. aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI 4 5 bakSisa maLI ane tA. 1lI sapTe mbara sane 1863nA roja temane sTAra opha IDiAno mAnava khitAba maLyo. jema aMgreja sarakAre begama sAhebanI madadane temane badalo Apyo temaja begama sAheba paNa baLavAnI vakhatamAM potAnI prajAmAMnA je leke sArI madada ApI hatI temane pote udAratAthI moTI moTI bakSisa ApI. be mAsa pachI pote makkAnI yAtrA karavA sArU javAnI taiyArI karI ane potAnI zAhajAdI zAhajahAna begamane aMgrejonA spaNa nIce mukI bhopALa eDavuM. pote makkAnI yAtrA karI, pachIthI bane to madInA ane te pachI IMglAMDa javA IrAdo kI hatI. paNa luMTArAonA upadravane lIdhe pAchA pharyA. te sane 1864nA juna mAsamAM muMbaI AvyAM, ane cAra pAMca mAsa muMbaImAM rahyAM. tyAMthI bhopALa AvyAM, te pachI cAra varasa sudhI DahApaNathI rAjya calAvyA bAda tA 30 akabara sane 1868nA roja maraNa pAmyAM. nAmadAra sikaMdara begamanA maraNa pachI temanI zAhajAdI zAhajahAna begama gAdI para beThAM. A vakhate temanI 30 varasanI umara hatI. temanI be vakhata zAdI thaelI che. pahelI vakhata bakSI bakamahamadakhAna nAmanA umarAva sAthe zAdI kIdhI hatI, paNa te umarAva I. sa. 1867mAM maraNa pAmavAthI bIjI vakhata I.sa. 1871mAM mahamada sadIkasena sAthe kIdhelI che. prathamanI zAdIvALA ghaNIthI sulatAna jahAna nAmanI zAhajAdIno janma thaelA teNInI jalAlAbAdanA eka amIra mIraahamadaa.. lIkhAna sAthe tA. 1 lI phebruArI sane 1875 nA roja zAdI kIdhelI che. A zAhajAdIe IgrejI bhASAno abhyAsa kIdhelo che. begamasAhebanA khAviMda mahamada sadIkahusenane AbarUne mATe sarakAra taraphathI prathama "navAba" evo khitAba maLyo hato tathA I. sa. 1877 nA dilhInA darabAra vakhata 17 temanuM mAna maLavA TharAva thayo hato ane te pramANe mAna maLatuM hatuM paraMtu temaNe bhopALanA rAjakArabhAramAM mAthuM ghAlyuM ane potAnA sagA ke nehIone moTA moTA hodA ApI prajA upara julama karavA mAMDyo. A hakIkata Igreja sarakAranA kAna upara jatAM nAmadAra sekaTarI opha sTeTanA hukamathI madhyaejansi khAtenA gavarnara janaralanA

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(124) ejaMTa saralIpala grIphane sane 1885 nI sAlamAM temane navAbano khitAba chInavI lIdhe che. tathA 17 tapanuM mAna maLatuM hatuM te paNa badha karavAmAM AvyuM che. ne nAmadAra mahArANInA zAhajAdA prinsaopha velsa hiMdanI musApharI mATe AvyA te vakhate temanI mulAkAtasArU begama sAheba pote sane 1875 ne Disembara mAsamAM kalakatte gayAM hatAM. ane bahu mAna bharelI rIte mulAkAta thaI hatI. tA 1 jAnevArI sane 1877 nA roja nAmadAra mahArANI vikaTo. rIAe hiMdane mATe kesaliMda e pada dhAraNa karyuM te bAbatano - Dhaze vAMcI saMbhaLAvavAne laMDalITane dilImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM zAhajahAna begama gayAM hatAM ane tyAM temane jI, sI. esa. AIne mAnava khitAba maLyo hato. tathA temanAM vaDIe kudazIAbegamane "krAuna opha IDIA(hiMdustAnano mugaTa)nA khitAba maLyA hatA. A vakhata kudazI A begamane 15 temanuM mAna maLavAne TharAva thayo hato. A darabAra taraphathI bhopALanA rAjyane IMglIza zahenazAhI vAvaTo maLyo che. nAmadAra begama sAhebe rU5) lAkhanA kharacathI bhopAba TeTa relave bAMdhI ane tene tA. 18 mI navembara sane 1884nA roja khullI mukI. tA. 16 ke. buArI sane 1887 nI sAlamAM mahArANI vikaTorIAne rAjakaryAne purAM 50 varasa thavAthI tenI khuzAlImAM hiMdustAnamAM jyubIlI nAmane mahesva pALavAmAM Avyo hato. temAM bhopALanAM begamasAhebe paNa sAro bhAga lIdhe hato. temaNe jyubIlIne dIvase zaheramAM rozanI karAvI hatI ane garIba lokane ane vastra ApI punyanuM kAma karyuM. hAla rAjakatA nAmadAra zAhajahAna begamanI hAla 49 varasanI umara che begama sAheba briTIza chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhate temane lazkarI salAmatI ane 19 tapanuM mAna maLe che. bhopALa-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane te darIAnI sapATIthI 1470 phuTa ucAIe che. tenI AsapAsa ITothI caNelI be mAilanA gherAvAnI eka dIvAla che tenI aMdara eka kIlo che te paNa ITona che. zaheranI bahAra eka gaMja eTale vepAranuM mathaka che. nitya koNa tarapha

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(125) parvata para phatehagaDha nAmane kIlo che. temAM navAba rahe che. A kalAnI nirUtya koNe ja mAIla lAbu ane 1 mAIla pahoLuM evuM eka saropara che ane zaherathI purvamAM 2 mAIla lAMbuM eka bIjuM sarovara che. A sarovaromAMthI zaheramAM pANI purU pADavAmAM Ave che, polITIkala ejaMTa sIhoramAM rahe che ane te bopALathI 20 mAIla cheTe che. revA. A rAjya sevA athavA bAdhela (vA ghela) rAjyanAnAmathI oLakhAya che. ane te vAdhela khaMDamAM AveluM che tenA rAjakartA vAghelA jAtanA rajaputa ane te mahArAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare baMdA, alahAbAda, ane mIrajApura cho; pUrve mIrajApura ane choTAnAgapuramAM dezI rAjya, dakSiNe chatIyatraDha, maMdalA ane jabalapora ane pazcima mihIra, nAgora, hAvaLa ane kothanAM rAjya che. A rAjyano vistAra 10000 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTalo che. ane vastI 1300000 (tera lAkha) mANasanI che temAM 97000 hiMdu, 31000 musalamAna 30200 asalI jAtanA loka ane bIjA paracuraNa che. vArSika upaja rU.2500000 pacIza lAkhane Azare che. - dezanuM svarUpa-pazcima ane vAvya koNanA bhAgamAM moTA moTA DuMgare che. enI mukhya traNa oLo che, ane te budelakhaMmAMthI AvelI che. sAdhAraNa rIte A deza jaMgalI che. dezane utAra uttara tathA IzAna koNa taraphane che. A rAjyamAM rAmanagara pragaNAmAMnA umerIo A gaLa koyalAnI khANe che. A sivAya jehIlAnI khANa ane sahAgapuramAMthI koyalA nIkaLe che. nadIo -sena e nadI nirUtya koNa taraphanA sAgara jIllA taraphathI AvI A rAjyamAM thaI IzAna koNa AgaLa hada choDI IgrejI mulakamAM dInApurathI thoDe che. gaMgA nadIne maLe che. e nadIne dakSiNa taraphanI bIjI ghaNI nadIo maLe che. bIjI Teka nadI e jabalapurathI AvI u. ghare A rAjyanI hada choDI alahAbAdanI agnikoNa tarapha 20 mAIla

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(126) ne che. gaMgA nadIne maLe che. narmadA e nadI dakSiNamAM amarakaMTaka - gaLanA DuMgaramAMthI nIkaLI pUrvathI pazcima tarapha vahetI jaI khaMbhAtanA akhAtane maLe che. tAMnsa e A rAjyanA nairUtya koNa taraphathI nIkaLI I zAna koNa tarapha vahetI jaI agADI jatAM jamanAM nadIne maLe che. jamIna tathA nipaja-pANInI sArI AmadAnIne lIdhe dezano jamIna rasALa che. nipajamAM DAMgara, ghaNuM, bAjarI, makAI, zeraDI, kepAsa, tamAku, gaLI ane kaThoLa vagere thAya che. havA sArI che. vada IzAna koNa taraphathI Ave che. janAvaze-jaMgalonI aMdara vAgha, varU, citrA, sAbara, haraNa vagere jaMgalI jAnavaro che. lokomAM mukhya karane rajaputa vadhAre che, zivAya, bIjI paracaraNa jAtanA hiMdu tathA musalamAno paNa che. bhASA hiMdustAnI che. mukhya zahera-revA e A rAjyanA vAvyakoNanA bhAgamAM Tonsa nadInA ugamaNA kinArA upara che. e zahera rAjadhAnInuM hovAthI temAM mahArAjA rahe che. dattakanI sanada-A rAjAne mATe je mahArAja kaMI paNa pharajaMda vagara maraNa pAmeta vagara najarANuM Ape hiMdudharmazAstra pramANe dataka levAnI sanada aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI maLelI che. vaLI zenazAhI vAvaTo sane 1877 nI sAlamAM nAmadAra mahArANI vikaTorIAe Apelo che. sivAya baMdhugaDa, mAugaMja, mukuMdapura, rAjagaDa ane simirIyA e moTAM gAma che. ItihAsa-jyAre pRthvI asuronA kukamathI ghaNe trAsa pAmI tyAre brahmA pAse jaI teNe vinaMtI karIke mArA upara vasanArA rAkSasone nAza kare evo koI kSatrI utpanna karo. A vakhate brahmA sUryanI pUjA karatA hatA. temaNe hatheLImAM jaLa laI kahyuM ke AmAMthI koI kSatrI utpanna thAo. A uparathI temAMthI eka hathI Ara sahIta saNagArelo purUSa utpanna thayo. tene brahmAjIe kahyuM ke tamane azono nAza karavAne utpanna karyA che, mATe te pramANe karo. A pramANe kahI brahmAe tene mRtyu lokamAM mULyo. A purUSa potAnI hatheLImAMthI utpanna thayo mATe tenuM nAma cAlukyadeva pADavuM ane te sUryanA kiraNane lIdhe utpana thayo mATe te sUryavaMzI kahevAya. tenA vaMzamAM keTalIka peDhIe selaMka deva nAme rAjA

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(127) thayo. tenA nAma uparathI tenA vaMzaje solaMkI kahevAyA. te vaMzamAM vIrahmaja nAme eka rAjA thayo tene be kuMvaro hatA; temAM valagaradeva ane thavA vI Agadeva pATavI hatI ane tenA vaMzajo vAghelA kahevAya che, ane bIje zukadeva hato tenA vaMzaje selaMkI kahevAya che. vIAgadeva potAnA bhAIne rAjya pATa saMpIne kazI vagere pavitra sthaLonI yAtrA karavA mATe keTaluMka lazkara laIne I. sa. 580mAM nIkaLI paDyo. tyAMthI yAtrA karI pAchA AvatAM cItrakoTanI yAtrAe gayA. tyAMthI najIkamAM kanakadeva nAme rAjA rAja karato hato, tene tyAM poNA tarIke utaryA. rAjA kanakadevane putra nahato paNa ratanamatI nAme eka kuvarI hatI. ane te kuMvArI hatI. vI Agadevane UMca kuLano kSatrI ane gUjarAtano rAjA jANI kanakadeve potAnI putrIne tenI sAthe paraNAvI, tamAma rAjapATa tene svAdhIna karI kahyuM ke mAre yAtrA karavA javuM che. mATe A rAjya Apane arpaNa karuM chuM. jethI vIAgadeva tyAM rahyA. rANI ratanamatI zivAya vI Agadevane chuMdaramatI nAme eka bIjI rANI - tI. te caMdrAvata zAkhAnA pIrahavAna rAjA mukudara devanI kuMvarI hatI. vIlagaradeve athavA vI Agadeve moTuM rAjya bhogavyuM hatuM tethI tene A nAnu rAjaya pasaMda paDavuM nahi; paNa potAnA sasarAnA atyAgrahathI tyAM rahI navAM rAjya meLavavA prayata karyo. pachI temaNe potAnA rAjyanI najIkamAM AvelA maMDaraghuvaMzI rAjAnuM rAjya chatI lIdhuM ne tyAMnA rAjAne pAthara kachorane killo rahevA Apaze. temaNe maraphAne killo lIdho ane Akhare kAlpIthI caMdalagaDha sudhIno mulaka laI lI. A sivAya temaNe ghaNo mulaka jItI laI te sarvanuM ekaThuM nAma vAdhelakhaMDa pADavuM je adyApi prasiddha che rANI ratanamatIthI temane pAMca kuMvara thayA temAM savathI meTe karaNadeva ha. - vIlagaradeva athavA vI Agadeva pachI temano kuMvara karaNadeva I.sa. 15mAM gAdIe beThA te rAyapura saMsthAna IlAke maMDAlAnA rAjA somadattanI kuMvarI padama kuMvara sAthe paraNyA hatA. A vakhate bAdhavagaDhano majabutakilo temane paherAmaNImAM maLyuM. A killAnI majabutIthI pasaMda thaI karaNadeve tyAM rAjyagAdI karI. karaNa devanI bIjI strI malakuMvarabA jedhapuranA rAjAnI kuMvarI hatI. A rANIthI sohAgadeva nA kuMvara thayA

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(128) temanA nAma parathI sohAgapura nAme zahera vasAvyuM. karaNadevanI pachI sehagadeva gAdIe beThe. tenA pachI tene kuMvara sAraMgadeva gAdIe beTho temaNe sAraMgapura nAme zahera vasAvyuM che. temanI pachI temanA kuMvara vilAsadeva gAdI para beThA temaNe vilAsapura zahera vasAvyuM. temanI pachI temanA kuMvara bhImadeva gAdI para beThA. temaNe ghaNI bahAdurIthI keTalAMka rAjaya chatI khAlasA karyA, ne keTalAMkane khaMDaNI bharatAM karyo. temanA rAjyanI hada gaMgA yamunAnA pradezamAM ITAvA sudhI hatI. te potAnI ume ttara avasthAmAM potAnA kuMvare anIka devane rAja sepI yAtrA karavA gayA. tamAma yAtrA karI dvArakA AvyA tyAM te devaloka pAmyA. temanI 5chI anIka deva, valabhadeva, dalakezara deva, malakezara deva, gulAra deva, sIMhadeva, bhaiyadeva bheramadeva, naraharIdeva bhedhadeva e rIte rAjA thayA paNa temanA vakhatamAM kaI paNa jANavA lAyaka banAva banyo nathI. bhidhadevanuM maraNa eka brahma rAkSasanA zApe karIne thayuM hatuM. temanI gAdI para temanA kuMvara sAlIvAhana beThA. temanI pachI kumAra vIrasiMha deva thayA. temaNe choTAnAgapUra gaDhAmaMDalA, ratanapUra ane vastaranAM saMsthAna temanA rAjakatA pAsethI jItI lIdhAM temaNe potAnA bhAI gamaladevane kapaTIne IlAko Apyo. te agaLa jatAM ghaNe bahAdura thaze. virasiMha devane vibhANadeva sivAya bIjA be kuMvara hatA. virasiMhadeva I.sa. 1501mAM bharaNuM pAmyo tenI pachI teno kuMvara vIrabhANadeva gAdIe beTho. virabhANadevanA vakhatamAM humAyu ane serakhAM vacce laDAI thaI hatI temAM humAyunI hAra thavAthI te nAThe ne tenI begama hamIdA paNa nAThI. tene begamane) virabhANadeve Azraya ApI humAyu pAse umarakoTa mokalAvI ApI, A begama te vakhate garbhavaMtI hatI ane tethI tene pratApI akabara utpanna thayo hato. temanA maraNa pachI temanA kuMvara rAmadeva gAdI para beThA. A rAjAne akabara pAdazAha sAthe tenA koI duzmanane Azraya ApyAthI laDAI thaI hatI, ne rAjAne bAMgaDhanA killAmAM hArIne nAzI javuM paDyuM. paNa Akhare salAha thaI. rAjAe kaliMjarano killo bAdazAhane Apyo. ne tAnasena gavaie je ghaNe nAmAMkita hato tene rAmadeve akabarabAdazAhanA darabAramAM mokalyo. rAmadeva pachI temanA pATavI kuMvara virabha

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(128) drasiMha gAdI para beThA temanuM maraNa eka brahmarAkSasanA zApathI thayuM ema kahevAya che. temanA pachI temanA pATavI kuMvara vikramAditya I. sa. 1918 mAM gAdI para beThA. | vikramAditya ke je 1918 mAM rAjA thayo te revAzahera vasAvanAra tarIke prasiddha thayo kAraNa ke teNe e zaherane pahela vahelI rAjadhAnI karI tathA killo bAMdhyo. tenA pachI anukrame amarasaMga. anapasaMga, bhAvasaMga anurUdasaMga ane abatasIMga e pramANe rAjA thayA. AmAMnAM chelo abadulasiMga jyAre gAdIe beThe tyAre phakta cha mahInAno hato. AnA vakhatamAM panAnA rAjA haradazAhe humalo karyo ane rAjadhAnInuM zahera laI lIdhuM. nAno rAjA ane tenI mA pratApagaDha nAzI gayAM paNa thoDA vakhata pachI dilhInA pAdazAhanI madadathI tene pAchA haThavuM paDyuM abadulazIMganI pachI ajItasiMga ane te pachI jezIMgadeva I. sa. 1809mAM gAdIe beTho. rAjA jesIMganA vakhatamAM aMgrejoe vasAInA kolakarArathI I. sa. 1803 mAM rAjAne pezvAnA uparIpaNAmAMthI potAnA tAbAmAM lI. aMgreje kAzkarI madada rAjyanA rakSaNa mATe Ape ane rAjA te badala nANuM Ape ema IcchA batAvI paNa rAjAe dhAryuM ke madadanI jarUra na tema karI te kabula karyuM nahi. I. sa. 1812 mAM pIMDhArAoe mIrajApura luTayuM ane te kAmamAM tyAM jatAM revAnA rAjAe te lokane javAno rasto Apo ane bIjI paNa madada ApI paNa pachIthI evuM mAnavAmAM AvyuM ke rAjA gabharAya che tethI kolakarAra karavA aMgrejoe bolAvyo ke jethI Igreje tene tenA rAjyano rAjA tarIke gaNyo ne rAjAne madada ApavA aMgrejoe kabula karyuM. tenA sAme rAjAe paDozI rAjAo sAthe takarAra thAya te bAbatano cukAdo aMgreja kare ema kabula karyuM. aMgrejI lazkarane potAnA rAjyamAM rahevA devAne ane rAjyamAM thaIne javA devAne kabula karyuM ane gunegArone athavA khunI lekone nAzI jatA hoya to temane tathA temanA rAjyamAM Azraya letA hoya temane aMgrejone havAle karavA. rAjA jezIMga devanI dhAraNuM AthI purI thaI nahi. teNe IgrejI TukaDI potAnA dezamAM thaIne jatI hatI tene pakaDI ane temane duHkhI kaya bIjuM eka lazkara Ane mATe je mokalyuM ane rAjA kaMI bacAva karyA sivAya

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(13) aMgrejone ekadama tAbe thaI gayo. A vakhata eTale I. sa. 1813 nA junanI tA. bIjIe bIjI vakhatanA kolakarAra thayA tethI prathama je karAra thayA hatA te kabula rAkhyA ane rAjAne igrejo sAthe saMbaMdha khullo karavAmAM Avyo. A salAhathI rAjA bIjA rAjyo sAthe khaTapaTa saMbaMdhI vahevAra nahi rAkhavAne ane bIjA sAthe sAthe igrejone kajIe thAya to temane madada karavAne baMdhAe. rAjA jezIMgadevane A sarata nahi gamavAthI teNe rAjyano haka choDI do ane te haka potAnA chekarA bIzananAthazIMgane seM. I. sa. 1814 mAM revAnA rAjA sAthe pharIthI salAha thaI. A salAhathI keTalAka mulaka Igreja sarakAre laI lI hato te tene pAcho maLyo. bIzananAthasiMga I. sa. 1874 mAM mue. te pachI teno choko raghurAjazIga gAdIe beTho. radhurAjazIMganA vakhatamAM satIno aTakAva thayo I. sa. 1847. I. sa. 1857nA baLavAmAM teNe Igrejone ghaNI sArI madada ApI jethI tenA badalAmAM sohAgapura ane amarakaMTaka paragaNuM bakSIsa maLyAM. I. sa. 1864mAM rAjAne dhAmadhumathI sTAra opha IDiAna kitAba maLyo. I. sa. 1818mAM rAjAe rojA saradInakararAvaM sI. esa. AIne dIvAna nImyA jene dilhInA darabAra vakhata "musIra. I. khAsa. bahArano IlakAba maLyo rAjA sara raghurAjazIMga bahAra jI. sI. esa. AIe kalakattAmAM nAmadAra prInsa eka vesana I. sa. 1875 nA DisembaranI 27 mI tArIkhe mulAkAta lIdhI ane prinsa bIje dahADe vaLatI mulAkAta ApI. - tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877 nA roja mahArANI vikaTorIAe hidane mATe kesa rahiMda e pada dhAraNa karyuM ane te bAbatane DhaDho vAMcI batAvavA mATe teja tArIkhe kaMDalITane dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato. te vakhatanA darabAramAM mahArAjA dilhI padhAryA hatA. A vakhata temane 17 tapanuM mAna maLatuM hatuM te vadhArIne 18 tapanuM mAna ApavAmAM AvyuM. vaLI eka pAdazAhI vAvaTo paNa ApavAmAM Avyo hato. mahArAjA raghurAjazIMga bahAra potAnI 46 varasanI umare sane 1880nI sAlamAM maraNa pAmyA. temanI pAchI temane kuMvara vaMkaTaramaNa rAmAnuja prasAdazIMga gAdIe beTho.

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(13) tA. 16 phebruArI sane 1887nA roja mahArANI vikTorIone rAja karyAne 50 varasa thaI javAthI tenI khuzAlImAM hiMdamAM jayubilI nAmane mahesva pALavAmAM Avyo hato. AmAM revAnA mahArAjAe paNa sAro bhAga lIdhe hato. temaNe nizALanA chokarAone mIThAI vahecI ane InAma ApyAM, garIba lokone ane vastra ApyAM ane bIjAM ghaNAM dharmAdA kAma karyA. vaLI temaNe bilIne dIvase 45 kedIone choDI mukyA. ane tenI yAdagIrImAM pote vikaTorIA hosapITalano pAyo. nAkhyo ane 22000) pIrIyala InsTITayuTamAM ApyA. mahArAjA vaMkaTaramaNa rAmAnuja prasAda hAla kAcI umaranA che. te IgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhata lazkarI salAmatI ane 18 tapa phoDI mAna ApavAmAM Ave che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 405 dhADesvAra 10 pAyadaLa ane 15 topa che. -e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. te ahalAbAdathI nirUtya koNamAM 131 mAIla ane sAgarathI IzAna koNamAM 18ra mAlane cheTe che. temAM vastI 22000 mANasanI che temAM 17000 hiM, 4500 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa che A zaheramAM rAjAno mahela che. zaheranI A sapAsa koTa che. ane te kATakIne relave sTezanathI 5 mAIla che. uca-teharI. A rAjya budelA jAtanA rajapUta rAjAne tAbe che ane rAjakartA. mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. te mulaka karIne budelakhaMDanA pazcima bhAgamAM che tathA tenA be vibhAga che eka uce ane bIje teharI. A be vibhAga maLIne e rAja banyuM che. ucca vibhAga uttara ane teharI vibhAga tenAthI dakSiNa che. zImA-A rAjyanI utare jozI challo, pUrve AlIpura, chatrapUra vigereno mulaka dakSiNe sAgara prAMtana sAhagaDha cho ane pazcime siMdhio sarakArano mulaka che. A rAjyanA tAbAmAM-2000 corasa mAila jamIna tathA temAM 3110000(traNa lAkha agIAra hajAra)mANasanI vastI che temAM ra94000 hiM 1400 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNalokache.vArSika upaja21000000

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( 132 ) (dazalAkha)ne mAzare thAyache. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka sapATa che. pANInI AvadAnI sArIche. mukhya nadI khetavA che. tathA tene dhAsana ane barmA nadI maLeche. havA dhaNI sArI ne lokane mAphakasara che, tApa ghaNo pa Deche. vaSAda IzAnakoNa taraphathI Aveche ane te ghaNo hoyache. A sulakanI jamIna ghaNuMkarIne sArI razALa tathA te pAkavALI che. temAM pa khAjarI, juvAra, kapAsa, zeraDI, gaLI ane kaDhaLa vigere nipaje che. jAnavara--jaMgalomAM vAdha, varU, zAbara, haraNa, citrA ane bIjA phADIkhAnArAM prANI che. gAma pazumAM gApo baLada ane bheMsA che. loka ghaNuM karIne khuMdIgara rajaputa, AhIra, ca MdelI dhandelI ane mareThA vigere hAyache. mukhya zahera teharI te rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. ucI e junI rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. khA zahera jhAMzInA relave sTezanathI khAzare 65 mAIla che. datakanI sanada mA rAjyanIe ne pachADI vArasa na hoya to vagara najarANu Ape hiMdu dhana zAstra pramANe levAnI sanada maLI che. vaLI senazAhI vAvaTo sane 1877mAM nAmadAra caeNsahiMda vIkaTorImA taraphathI maLyo che. itihAsa-buMdelakhaMDanA dezIrAjyomAM ucAnuM rAja sAthI pahele naMbare che ane e ekaluMja pezvAnA kabajAmAM gayuM. nahetuM. mahInA rAjakatA jAte buDhDhalA rajapUta che mane evuM kahevAyache ke sUyaeNvaMzanA pahelA rAjA manuno dIkaro izvAku ayodhAno pahelo rAjA thayo. tenA vazamAM keTalIka peDhIe mohAnA rAjA rAmacaMdra thayA temanA temAnA vazaja che. rAmacaMdranA khIjA chokarA kuzathI paMdaramI peDhIe gagrakha thayA temaNe bahAramAM gayA pAse keTalAMka devaLa khAMdhyAM rAmacaMdrathI vIsamI peDhIe khaLadevarAma thayA temaNe mahAbAdamAM kulAMka devaLa khAMdhyAM ane temanA putra Indra dasune jagannAyajInuM prakhyAta ma MdIra bAMdhyuM. rAmacaMdrathI 34mI peDhIe karmezAya thayA temaNe kAzIno mula jItI lIvA ane 68mI peDhIe pratApadra rAjA thayo teNe ucA za hera vasAvyA pachI rAjakArabhAra potAnA chokarA mAdhukarane soMpyo. A rAjA akabaranA vakhatamAM hato ane te inasAku, sattA, ane dharma upara teSTA meTalA guNone mATe prakhyAta hato jene rAmAzA ane narasIMga deva-nAme e be chokarA hatA. mAmAMnA moTA rAmAsAne ayodhAnuM rAjya

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( 133 ) ane nAnA narasIgadevane ucAnuM rAjya sAdhyuM. narazIMgadevane khAra kokarA hatA; AmAMno trIjo pahADazIMga smAra gajeba bAdazAha joDe mAraMgAbAda gayo ane tyAM potAnA nAmathI eka gAma vasAvyuM. 68mA rAjA ca MpatarAye khaMDaNI mApavAne nA pADI tethI zAhajahAM khAdazAhe budelakhaDa upara khevAra caDhAi karI paNa ucA tenAthI levAyuM nahi g patarAya pachIthI ra Mgajebane tenA bhAI dArA sAthenI laDAimAM jaI maLyo. te vakhate teno cheAkarA chatrasAla je te vakhate 16 varasano hato te tenI sAthe hato. temanI mA madadathI Jauragajeba temada thayo, paNa smAra gajekha temanA mA guNa bhulI gayo ane patarAyanA maraNa pachI khudelA lokane musalamAna dharma paLAvavAne mATe teNe budelakhaDa upara caDAI karI. A vakhate chatrasAla dakSiNamAM jayapuranA rAjayanI nokarImAM hato. ne mAja vakhate zIvAjI sAthe oLakhANa thayuM hatuM. zIvAjIe tene potAnA dezanI ane dharmanI sevA khajAvavAnI zIkhyAmaNu mApI. tethI te potAne deza gayo ane smAr'gajebanA maraNu pachI susalamAno pAsethI bundelakhaDano ghaNokhA bhAga jItI lIvo. vIkramAjIta mahendranA vakhatamAM IMgrejo khudelakhaMDamAM peDhA ane isa. 1812nA DIsembara mahInAmAM tenI sAthe salAha karI vIkramAjIta I. sa. 1934mAM maraNa pAmyo teno chokaro dharmapALa tenA pahelAM maraNa pAmyo hato tethI tenI pachI teno bhAI tejasIMga gAdIe beTho. mArAjA I.sa. 1902mAM maraNa pAmyo. ne tenI pachI gAdIne mATe takarAra uThI paNa bhAkhare IMgrejasarakAre sujainasIMgane gAdIe besADyo paNa tenI kAcI ummarane lIdhe tArA rANIne rIjITanImI. tArA rANIe I. sa. 1847mAM satI thavAno cAla baMdha karyeA. sane 1857nA khalavA vakhate IMgrejonI kImatI sevA khajAvI. khAnA badalAmAM grenee 23000nI khaMDaNI mApha karI sujanasIMga rAjasattA potAnA hAtha lIdhA pachI thoDA vakhatamAM maraNa pAmyo, tenI pachI tenI rANIe hamIrasIMgane dataka laIne gAdIe besADyo. hamIrazIMga I. sa. 1874 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno nAno bhAI paratApazIMga gAdIe beTho te hAlano mahArAjA che.

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(134) tA. 1lI jAnyuArI 187mmAM rANIe sirihiMda e pada dhAraNa karyuM te vakhata dilhImAM lalITane je bAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM hijhahAInesa mahArAjA mahendra pratApazIMga padhAryA hatA. A vakhate temane 11 temanuM mAna maLatuM hatuM te vadhArIne 15 topanuM mAna maLyuM. sane 1862mAM rAjAne datakanI sanaMda sane 1865mAM mahArAjAne khitAba mebe hato. vaLI temane 188ramAM savAIno khitAba maLyo che. tA. 19 phebruArI sane 188nA roja nAmadAra mahArANI vikTorI ane rAja karyA ne 50 varSa purAM thavAthI hIMdusthAnamAM tenI khuzAlImAM jyubIlI nAmano mahotsava pALavAmAM Avyo hato temAM ahInA rAjAe sAro bhAga laI potAnI mahArANI taraphanI rAjabhakita ane umaMga batAvI Apyo hato ane tenI yAdagIrImAM pote eka chApakhAnuM kADhayuM ane irIgezananuM kAma zarU karyuM ane temAMthI eka mahInA sudhI kheDutone maphata pANI levA dIdhuM. temaNe potAnI rAta uparanA keTalAka kara kara karI dharmanuM kAma karyuM. temane 15 topanuM mAna maLe che. A rAjAne phAMsI devAne akhatiyAra che. A rAjAnA lazkaramAM 200 ghoDesvAra 4400 pAyadaLa ha0 tapa ane 180 golaMdAja che. rAjAnI umara hAla 75 varasanI che. teharI--e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. ane temAM rAjakartA mahArAjA rahe che. te ucathI 40 mAIlane cheTe che. vastI Azare 18000 mANasanI che. temAM 13000 hiMdu, 3800 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa che. A zaheramAM rAjAno mahela che A sivAya suMdara maMdIra paNa che. zaheramAM tIkamagaDha nAmano eka killo che. urcA e junI rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane te beTavA nadInA kAMThA upara AveluM che. vastI 18000 mANasanI che temAM 13000 hiM 4000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa le che. killAmAM jahAMgIra pAdazAhano bAMdhelo mahela ane rAjAno mahela che. dhAra. A rAjya ghaNuM karIne mALavA prAMtanI narikoNanA bhAgamAM che. ane te dhAra athavA pavAranuM rAjya e nAme oLakhAya che. tenA rAjata pavAra jAtanA rajapUta che ane te mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che.

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(135) sImA-A rAjyanI uttare ratalAmanuM rAjya, IzAna koNamAM siMdhiA sarakArano banAgarano mulaka ujaNa prAMta, pUrva ane amiNa tarapha iMdoranuM rAjya, dakSiNe vaDhavANInuM rAjya ane narmadA nadI ane pazcime AlIrAjapura jhAbuAnuM rAjya ane siMdhione amajeharAno mulaka che. A rAjyamAM 1740 corasa mAIla jamIna tathA temAM Azare 2008 00 (be lAkha) mANasanI vastI che. vArSika upaja 2800000 (ATha lAkha)ne Azare thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa--A rAjyanA sAta bhAga karavAmAM AvyA che temanAM nAma dhAra, badanAvara, naLayA, dharamapurI, kukasI, tIkarI ane nImanapurama karAra che. A rAjyamAM keTalAka rajapUta khaMDIA rAjA che. A rajapUta saradArone potAnA mulakamAM kula sattA che ane tenA upara apIla karavI hoyata dhAranA mahArAjAne thAya che. A rAjyanA tAbAno uttara bhAgano mulaka mALavAmAM Avyo che. te bhAga sapATa, AbAda ane raLiAmaNe che. dakSiNa taraphano bhAga vidhyA ane tenI zAkhAnA DuMgarothI temaja jhADIthI bharelo che A dezanI jamIna samudra sapATIthI lagabhaga 200 phuTa sudhI ucI che. havA garama che. varSAda IzAnakoNa taraphathI varase che. ne te ghaNe hoya che. mukhya nadI-narmadA, te A rAjyanI dakSiNa sarahada upara pUrvathI te pazcima tarapha vahe che. A sivAya caMbA (caMbalanI sAkhA) mAna, kerama, bAganI vagere nAnI nadIo che. pedAza-dhAranA rAjyanI jamIna ekaMdare sArI che. temAM DAMgara, ghauM, bAjarI, tamAku, khasakhasa, kaThoLa, kapAsa, haLadaLa ane zeraDI vigarenI nipaja thAya che. jAnavara-vAghadIpaDAM, rIMcha, jaMgalI kara, aneka jAtanAM haraNa ane bIjA phADI khAnAra jAnavaro che. gAma pazamAM gAya, baLada ane bheMze heya che. loka-rajaputa, mareThA, garAzIA, pIMDhArA ane bhIla vagere che. mukhya zahera-dhAra e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che, temAM rAjakatA mahArAjA rahe che. A zahera mahunA relave sTezanathI pazcimamAM 33 mAIlane cheTe che. mahumAM aMgrejI chAvaNI che. ane te hekaranA mulakamAM che. mAMDa e nAmanuM prAcina kALanuM eka moTuM zahera narmadA nadInI utare 15 mAilane che. ghATane mathALe che. te hAla bhAgI

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javA AvyuM che, tathA te ujaDa paDavuM che te paNa temAM keTalIka junI ImArato, dareka mANasanuM mana kheMce tevI taiyAra che. datakanI sanaMda-A rAjyane mATe je rAjakartA mahArAjA putra vArasa vagara maraNa pAme te vagara najarANAM Ape hiMdu dharma zAstra pramANe dattaka levAnI sanaMda Igreja sarakAra taraphathI maLelI che. vaLI eka pAdazAhI vAvaTo sane 14.77 nI sAlamAM nAmadAra kesare hiMda taraphathI maLelo che. itihAsa-A rAjyane ItihAsa "mALavAnA rAjyanA ItihAsane eka bhAga che. dhAranA rAjakartA pavAra jAtanA rajaputa che. temano muLa purUSa mALavAmAM AvI vasyo hato. A kuTuMbano muLa purUSa zivAcha vAra hato. te mulatAna gAmane paTela hato. zivAjIne kriznAjI nAme eka chokaro hato. krImrAjI ane tenA traNa chokarA bAvAjI, rAyajI ane kerUjI sIledAra hatA, ane teo khetIno dhaMdho karatA hatA. bAvAjIne saMbhAjI ane kalojI e nAmanA be chokarA hatA. teo prakhyAta zivAjInI nekarImAM lazkarI saradAra thayA. saMbhAjIne udayajI, AnaMdarAva, ane jagadeva e nAmanA traNa chokarA hatA. zivAjInI pachI gAdIe evuM kahevAya che ke vikramAditya ane bhojarAjA pavAra jAtanA rajaputa hatA. ema paNa kahevAya che ke bhojarAjAe potAnI rAjadhAnI ujanamAMthI uThAvI dhAmAM karI hatI. I. sa. 500 mAM pevAranI paDatI thavA lAgI tethI teo dakSiNamAM punA tarapha AvyA. I. sa. 1388 mAM dIlAvarakhAna dilhIthI gavaranara tarike dhAra Avyo. ane tyAMnA hiMenAM devaLa toDI tenuM kAThakAma masI bAMdhavAmAM vAparyuM. dIlAvarakhAnano chokaro tenA pitAnA maraNa pachI gavarnara thayo. teNe potAnI rAjadhAnI dhAramAMthI uThAvI mamAM karI. I. sa. 156 mAM akabara tyAM gayo tyArathI te mareThAnI paDatI thaI tyAM sudhI dhAra dilhInA rAjyano eka bhAga hato. I. sa. pUrve 1000 varSa sudhI pavAra lokoe rAjya karyuM hatuM ema jaNAya che. A gAma punAthI IzAna koNamAM 30 mAIlane cheTe che. temanA vaMzaje haju sudhI mulatAnamAM vaMzaparaMparAnI paTalAI bhogave che.

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* (137). AvanAra zAharAjAnA hAtha nIce teo mareThI lazkaramAM hatA. temaNe bahu laDAio laDI jIta meLavI hatI. mareThA rAjAnA hAtha nIcenI A nokarIthI temanA vaMzaje siMdhio ane helakara jeo phakata pezvAnI nokarI karatA hatA temanA upara potAnA uparIpaNAne haju sudhI haka kare che. upara batAvelA saMbhAjInA traNa chokarAmAM udayajI vAre moTI paddhi meLavI. tene phakta lazkarI mATI paddhi maLI eTaluM ja nahi paNa zAhurAjA ane tene pradhAna bAjIrAva pezvA tenI sAthe mAnapUrvaka vartavA lAgyA. udayajIe pezvAne kaI kAraNasara nAkhuza karavAthI pezvAe tene da karyo. joke tenA vaMzajo Aja paNa mulatAnanA paTela che to paNa temanuM nAma itihAsamAM AvatuM nathI. udayajIne keda karyA pachI te kuTuMbanI saradArI teno bhAI AnaMdarAva, je korAno paTela hato, tene ApI. A saradArane I. sa. 1734 mAM mALavA ane gujarAtanI upajano mareThAno bhAga ugharAvavAnI sattA maLI. Akhare te dhAramAM vasyo ane A pragaNuM ane tene lagato mulaka ane paDozI rajaputa saradAronI khaMDaNI, tenA ane tenA kuTuMbanA bharaNa poSaNane mATe tene ApavAmAM AvI. AnaMdarAva pavAra I. sa. 1749 mAM maraNa pAme. tenA pachI teno chokaro jasavaMtarAva pavAra pahelA gAdIe beTho. jasavaMtarAva pavAre "dhArano rAjA" evI paddhi pahela vahelI meLavI. te ghaNuM jorAvara ane udAra hato. I. sa. 1761 mAM te pANIpatanI nAzakAraka laDAImAM maraNa pAme. tenI pachI teno traNa varasane chokaro khaMDerAva pavAra gAdIe beTho. tenI kAcI umarane lIdhe halakara ane siMdhioe te rAjya upara vAraMvAra humalA karI ghaNuM nukasAna karyuM. kamanasIbe raghunAtharAva pezvAne tenA zatruoe ghaNe herAna karavA mAMDyo, tethI I. sa. 1774 mAM tenI paTarANI ane kuMTabane dhAramAM Azaro levA mokalyAM. ahIM AnaMdIbAIne bAjIrAva nAma chokarAne janma thayo. AthI radhunAtharAvanA saghaLA mane tenA vArasa bAjIrAvane pakaDavA mATe dhAramAM ekaThA thayA. khaMDerAva pavAre A vakhate rAjakArabhAranI lagAma potAne hAtha lIdhI hatI. teNe radhunAtharAvane madada karI hatI tethI manoe tenA

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(138 ) rAjya upara humalo karI te laI lIdhuM; paNa jyAre teNe AnaMdIbAI ane tenA chokarAne temane svAdhIna karyo tyAre te rAjya tene pAchuM sapavAmAM AvyuM. A pachI thoDe vakhate khaMDerAva pavAra potAnI 21 varSanI umare I. sa. 1780mAM maraNa pAmyo. te maraNa pAmyo tyAre tenI jhI, je govIMdarAva gAyakavADanI dIkarI hatI te garbhavaMtI hatI. cha mahinA pachI e rANIne vaDodarA madhye AnaMdarAvano janma thayo. AnaMdarAva I. sa. 1797 sudhI vaDodare rahyo. A vakhate tenI umara 17 varSanI hatI. jyAre te rAja sattA potAne kabaje levA gayo tyAre tene vajIra ragAva urekara, je tenI gerahAjarImAM rAjya calAvato hato te sAme thayo, paNa Akhare hArIne holakaranA rakSaNa nIce jato rahyo. halakare AnaMdarAvano mUlaka lUTayo ane ujaDa karyo. paNa AthI te dIvAnanuM kaMI vaLyuM nahi, tethI te dolatarAva siMdhio pAse jato rahyo, ane dhAranA mulaka upara humalo karavAne tene lalacAvyo. dolatarAve tenA mUlaka upara caDAI karIne sAta varSanI aMdara keTaloka mUlaka ane paisAnI bhAre rakama lIdhI. be varasa pachI siMdhionA eka saradAra saMbhAjI aMge dhAra upara humalo karyo. A vakhate bedanura AgaLa laDAI thaI, temAM saMbhAjI jaMga jItyo. teNe dhArano mulaka laI lI; paNa je AnaMdarAva 375000) Ape to mulaka pALe ApavA kahyuM. paNa te pALe maLavatAM pahelAM I. sa. 1807 mAM AnaMdarAva maraNa pAmyo. AnaMdarAvanA maraNa pachI rAjasattA tenI vIdhavA strI minAbAIe potAne hAtha lIdhI. te te vakhate garbhavatI hatI. thoDA vakhatamAM tene eka chokarAne janma thaze. tenuM nAma teNe rAmacaMdrarAva pavAra pADayuM. pachIthI thoDe vakhate te rAja satA potAne hAtha levAne dhAra gaI. paNa morArIrAva tenI sAme thayo tene teNe draDhatAthI vaDodarethI lazkara maMgAvI harAvI te rAjya potAne kabaje karyuM. eTalAmAM bALarAjA rAmacaMdarAva maraNa pAmyo. paNa teNe helakara ane siMdhiAnI salAha laI A maraNaviSe ema kahevAya che ke tene tenI bene jhera daI mAya. A baMne rAjasatA potAne hAtha levAno prayA jyAM paNa tene koIe mArI nAkhI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat d, Surat Www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(139) potAnI benanA chokasane dattaka laI tenuM nAma rAmacaMdra pADayuM. teNe dhaNI bahAdurIthI ane daDhatAthI potAnuM rAjya mareThA ane pIMDhArA lokanA humalAmAMthI khacAryuM. I. sa. 1819mAM dhAranuM rAjya IMgreja sarakAranA rakSaNa nIce mAnyuM, ane je mulaka teNe khoyo hato te tene pALe apAvyo. khe varSamAM dhAranA mulakamAM dhArI, bedanora, nalaya eTalAM pragaNAM hatAM. tene khasIkhAnA mulaka mATe IMgreja sarakAra pAsethI dara varase 110000 (eka lAkha daza hajAra) maLe evo DarAtra thayo. i. sa. 1921mAM alImohananI khANI IMgreja sarakArane svAdhIna karI. I. sa. 1819mAM vAMsavADA ane DuMgarapuranA rajaputa rAbhyonI khaMDaNIno huka IMgreja sarakArane soMpyo. IMgreja sarakAranA vacce paDyA pachI dhAranA rAjyamAM ghaNo sudhAro thayo. khApu gokhale nAmanA eka bahAdura ane anubhavI mANasane dIvAna nImavAmAM Avyo. tenA vakhatamAM dezamAM salAhasa~pa thayo. teNe kharacamAM ghaNo ghaTADo karyuM| ane ATha varSa upara jenI upaja 220000 (vIza hajAra)nI hatI te vadhArIne 4. sa.1820mAM 267000 purI. I. sa. 1821mAM rAjA rAmacaMdra pomAra je te vakhate khara varSano hato teNe dolatarAva siMdhiyyAnI bhatrIjI manapuqhAkhAi sAthe lagna karyuM. mA vakhata gvAlIaramAM ghaNI zobhA thaI rahI hatI. ane tethI khanne rAjyanA amIra umarAva dhaNA khuzI thayA. mA vakhata detanano mulaka jenI upaja dara varase 3100000 (eka lAkha)nI. hatI te kanyAne kanyAdAnamAM ApavAmAM mAnyeA hato. IMgreja sarakAra sAthe salAha thaI tyArathI dhAramAM salAha saMpa cA lyA karato hato. paNa i.sa 1832mAM yugetarAya, je morArarAvano chokaro ane dhArano pahelo rAjA jasavatarAva pAMvAra je pANIpatanI laDAImAM maraNa pAmyo hato teno potra hato. teNe gAdIne mATe haka karyuM. tena bhIla lokosme madada karI hatI. ane temaNe rAjyamAM bhAre luTa calAvI ane te eTale sudhI ke mAkhare dhAranA rAjAne iMgrejanI madada mAgavI. paDI, IMgreja 5mAM paDyA ane sucetarAvane potAnA haka pAchA kheMcI levAne jarUra pADI, paNa te jIve tyAM sudhI dara mahine 2200)nuM pepenzana khAMdhI smApyuM.

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(140) rAjA rAmacaMdra pavAra I. sa. 1833mAM maraNa pAmyo. tene kaMI vArasa nahi hovAthI tenI vidhavA strIo malAvarAva pevAra, je te kuTuM khano rino sago hato ane mulatAnamAM raheto hato tene aMgreja sarakAranI salAhathI dattaka lIdho. A chokarAne I. sa. 1834mAM rAjyabhiSeka karavA mAM Avyo. te vakhate teNe jasavaMtarAva vAra bIje evuM nAma dhAraNa karyuM. jasavaMtarAva pavAra 24 varSa rAja karI I. sa. 1857mAM ma raNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene bhAI Ana darAva trIje je te vakhate 13 varSano hato te gAdIe be che. I. sa. 1857nA baLavAmAM dhAranA lazkare baLavo karyo ane baLavAkhorone maLI gayA. AthI aMgreja sarakAre dhAranuM rAjya kabaje karI lIdhuM. paNa Akhare rAjA te vakhate kAcI u. marano hato tethI bhaIrasIyA je bhopALanI begamane seMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM te sivAya saghaLo mulaka tene pAcho seMpavAmAM Avyo. paNa jyAM sudhI rAjA pAkI umarane thaze tyAM sudhI rAjyakArabhAra Igreje potAne hAtha rAkhyo. I. sa. 1864mAM rAjA pukhta umarano thavAthI rAjyano kula adhikAra tene soMpavAmAM Avyo. evI zarate ke rAjyamAM cAlata vahIvaTa jArU rAkhavo ane garvanara janarale je ejaMTa nImyo hoya tene puchayA vagara kaMI pheraphAra karavo nahi. I. sa. 1876nA mArca mahinAmAM hIyhAInesa mahArAjA AnaMdarAva pavAra trIje prInsa ophalmane mAna ApavAne Idara padhAryA hatA ane prInsaophivelsanA mAna khAtara helakara mahArAje je darabAra bharyo ho tyAM hAjara hatA. tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877nA roja jyAre rANI vikaTorIAe "emapresa opha InDIA" evo khitAba dhAraNa karyo tyAre dilhImAM laI lITane pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato te vakhata te dilhI padhAryA hatA. A moTA prasaMge dhAranA rAjAne mahArAjAno khitAba maLyo ane sTAra opha InDIAne nAITa kamAnDara banAvAmAM AvyA. hIjhahAInesa mahArAja khuzamijAjI, dayALu ane sudhAro karavAne dhaNA IntajAra che. tA. 16 phebruArI sane 1887nA roja nAmadAra mahArANI vikaTorI ane rAja kone pura 50 varasa thavAthI tenI khuzAlImAM hiMdusthAnamAM jayubilI nAmane mahatva pALavAmAM Avyo hato. temAM dhAranA mahArAjAe paNa sAro bhAga laI potAnI mahArANI taraphanI rAja

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(141) bhakti batAvI ApI hatI ane te divase pote 15 kedIone chUTA karyA. hIjhahAInesa mahArAjA zrI AnaMdarAva pavAra ke. sI. esa. AI. ne dattaka levAne haka che. mahArAjAnI umara 44 varSanI che. temane halakA rajAnI sattA che ane te aMgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya tyAre lazkarI salAmatI ane 15 topa phoDI mAna ApavAmAM Ave che. ahiMnA lazkaramAM 276 dhoDesvAra, 800 pAyala, e laDAInI tapa ane 21 golaMdAja che. dhAra--e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. ane te nithI boDanA rastA para mothI pazcimamAM 33 mAIla ane baroDathI pUrvamAM 183 mAIlane cheTe che, A zaheranI AsapAsa koTa che. temAM sArAM sArAM makAna AvelAM che. temAM mukhyatve karIne rAtA paththarathI bAMdhelI be khavAI gaelI masIda che. A zaheramAM nAnAM moTAM 10 taLAva che. zaheranI bahAra medAnamAM 40 phuTa uMco eka kilo che, tenI AsapAsa 35 phuTa uMcAIno koTa che. ane tenA upara cAra geLa ane be cokhaMDA mInArA che. jemAMnA moTA upara rAjAno mahela che. daravAje pazcima taraphano che. zaheranI uMcAI darIAnI sapATIthI 1800 phuTa che. temAM vastI Azare 15000 mANasanI che temAM 11000 hiMdu 3000 musalamAna ane bIjI paraca2Na jAto che. A zaheramAM TapAla ophIsa, davAkhAnuM ane aphINa toLavAno sAco che. devAsa. A rAjya mALavAnA dakSiNa bhAgamAM che. temAM be rAjakatA che ane te pavAra jAtanA rajaputa che. te baMne mahArAvarAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sAmA-A rAjyanI uttare tathA vAvya ane agnikoNe siMdhi sarakArano ujANa prAMta ane nairUtyakoNe tathA pazcime holakara sarakArane iMdora prAMta che. A rAjyamAM 2576 corasa mAIla jamIna ra zahera ane 455 gAma tathA temAM Azare 142000 mANasanI vastI che. vArasika upaja rU500000 (cha lAkha)ne Azare thAya che,

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(14) dezanuM svarUpa--uttara taraphano bhAga sapATa tathA AbAda ane dakSiNa taraphane bhAgA vidhyAdri parvatane lIdhe DuMgara tathA jhADIthI bharapura che. kALIsiMdha tathA kSIprA nadInAM muLa A mulakanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM che. havA garama che. jamIna ekaMdare sArI ane rasALa che. temAM DAMgara, ghauM, bAjarI, kapAsa, tamAku, khasakhasa, kaThoLa, aphINa ane zeraDI vagerenI nipaja thAya che. jAnavara-vAgha, varU, citrA haraNa, sAbara vagare phADI khAnArA janAvara ghaNuM vakhata jovAmAM Ave che. gAma pazu, gAya, baLada, bheze ane paDA hoya che. lekarajaputa, mareThA, pIMDhArA, ane bhIla vagare che. mukhya zahera devAsa che e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. A rAjyamAM be rAjA che te devAsamAM rahe che ane te baMne maLIne kArabhArI nIme che tenI mAraphata kArabhAra cAle che. A zahera ujananA relave sTezanathI agnIkoNamAM 35 mAIla ane IranA relave sTezanathI IzAna koNamAM 20 mAIlane cheTe che. dattakanI sanada-A rAjyane mATe je pachADI kuMvara vArasa na hoya vagara najarANA Ape hiMdu dharmazAstra pramANe dattaka levAnI sanaMda Igreja sarakAra taraphathI maLelI che. vaLI 1870 nI sAlamAM kesarehiMda taraphathI senazAhI vAvaTo paNa maLyo che. ItihAsa-devAsanA rAjakartA pavAra jAtanA rajapUta che. temane muLa purUSa saMbhAjI nAme paTela hato. tene krIznAjI nAme eka chokaro hato. krIznAjIne bAbAjI, rAyajI ane kerajI nAme traNa chokarA hatA. AmAMnA bAbAjIne saMbhAjI ane kelucha nAme be chokarA hatA. A be chokarA zivAjI ane zAhurAjAnA vakhatamAM lazkaranA uparI hatA. emAMno moTo saMbhAjI dhAranA rAjakartAne vaDIla che. kelujIne krIznAi, tukAjI, jIvAjI ane mAnajI nAme cAra chokarA hatA. A cAramAMnA tukA ane jIvAjI bAjIrAva pezvAnI sAthe I. sa. 1025-26mAM mALavAmAM gayA. ahi temane devAsa, sAraMgapura, AloTa ane bIjA paNa jenI upaja 24ra900) nI hatI te maLyAM paNa temane rU.ra000) keTalAka garAsIA saradArone ApavA paDatA. A pachI thoDe vakhate temane budelakhaMDamAMnuM hemarapura ane doAbamAMnuM kaMLA paragaNuM ane bIje keTalAka mulaka ApavAmAM Avyo.

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(13) A mulaka teo jhAjhe vakhata TakAvI zakyA nahi kAraNa ke bane bhAI vacce takarAra thaI tethI temaNe te mulaka vahecI lI. paNa AgaLa jatAM temanA vaMzajoe te jeDI do. tukALa ane jIvAjInA vArasonA vakhatamAM te rAjya upara siMdhio, halakara ane pIMDhArA leka caDAI karatA ane temane ane temanI rAtane ghaNuM duHkha detA. A arasAmAM teoe hemaraMparA ane kaLAnAM pragaNa mAM vaLI siMdhioe temanuM sAraMgapuranuM paragaNuM laI lIdhuM, paNa I. sa. 1817-18 mAM jyAre pIMDhArA sAthenI laDAino che Avyo tyAre pAchuM ApyuM. tukALa pahelAnA vaMzajo devAsanI vaDI zAkhAnA rAjakata che. tukAjIne kaMI vArasa nahi hovAthI teNe potAnA moTA bhAInA patra krIznAjIne dataka lI. krIznAjIne kaMI vArasa nahoto tethI teNe potAnA bhAInA chokarA tukALane dataka lI. tukAcha I.sa. 1824 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene dataka lIdhelo cheka rakhamanagaDarAva, je khAsa sAhebanA nAmathI oLakhAto hato te gAdIe beTho. te I.sa. 1860mAM maraNa pAmyo. teNe krIznAjIrAvane dataka lIdhela hato te tenA pachI gAdIno vArasa thaze. kIzA te vakhate kAcI umarano hato tethI rAjakArabhAra tene se nahi; paNa jyAre I. sa. 1860mAM te pukha umarano thayo tyAre tene kula akhatIAra sepyo. hIjhahAInesa rAjA krIznAjIrAva pavAra bAbAsAhebanAM lagna hIjhahAinesa mahArAjA siMdhiAnI kuMvarI vere thayAM che. temane 15 topanuM mAna maLe che. A rAjAnA lazkaramAM 87 ghoDesvAra, 500 pAyadaLa ane polIsa ane 10pa che. rAvapAMDuraMga tAtI AgerI devAsanI vaDI zAkhAnA suprinTenDeTa hatA temane tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1878 nA roja rAvabahAdurano khitAba maLyo che. jIvAjInA vArase devAsanA rAjyanI bIjI zAkhAnA rAjakartA che. chavAjIne sadAzIva ane AnaMdarAva nAme be chokarA hatA. AmAMnA moTA sadAzIvanA kuMvara rUkamAnuM maraNa thavAthI AnaMdarAva gAdIe be . AnaMdarAva pachI teno chokaro hebatarAva gAdIe beTho. te kaMI paNa vArasa vagara maraNa pAmyo, tethI kalojInA nAnA chokarA monAjInA patra nIlakaMdarAvane tene dataka lIdho hato te gAdIe beTho. te jyAre

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gAdIe beThA tyAre teNe pitAnuM nAma pheravIne AnaMdarAva nAma dhAraNa karyuM. I. sa. 1837 mAM te kaMI paNa vArasa vagara maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno dataputra hebatarAva gAdIe be. te I. sa. 1894 mAM mane raNa pAmyo tenI pachI teno chokaro nAraNarAva pavAra urphe dAdAsAheba gAdIe beTho. te kAcI umarane hovAthI rAjya kArabhAra govIMdarAva rAmacaMdra calAvato hato. - hIjhahAInesa nAraNarAva bahAdura IramAM prinsavelsanI mulAkata lIdhI hatI ane halakara mAhArAje prinsane mAna ApavA mATe darabAra bhayo hato tyAM hAjara hatA. tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877nA roja rANI vikaTorIAe "ema presa opha InDIA" evo khitAba dhAraNa karyo te vakhate dilhImAM bAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM rAjA nArapurAva bahAdura gayA hatA. mahArAjAe IdoranI rAjakumAra kolejamAM aMgrejI abhyAza karyo che. temane 15 topanuM mAna maLe che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 123 ghoDesvAra ane 500 pAyadala ane polIsa che. I. sa. 1818mAM derAsanuM rAjya aMgreja sarakAranA rakSaNa nI levAmAM AvyuM. te vakhate tukALa ane AnaMdarAva tyAM rAja karatA hatA. A vakhate temanI sAthe salAha thaI tethI igreja sarakAre temane devAsa, guragacA, bAgavaDa ane bIganA vaDanA rAjA tarIke kabala karyA ane devAsanA saradAroe bIjA rAjyo sAtheno vahevAra baMdha karyo ane hamezane mATe aMgreja lazkara rAkhavA kabula karyuM ane A lazkaranA kharayane mATe rU3pa600 ApavA TharyA. vaLI siMdhiA sarakAre temanuM sAraMgapunuM paragaNuM laI lIdhuM hatuM te jyAre I. sa. 181-1mAM pIMDhArI laDAIno cheDo Avyo tyAre pAchuM apAvyuM. I. sa1828mAM devAsanA rAjAoe bAgavaDanuM paragaNuM sArI rItabhAta dAkhala karavAne Igreja sarakArane sepyuM. paNa tyAM vahivaTa karatAM je kharaca thAya te kApatAM vadhu 36600)nI pedAza temane maLatI. devAsanA rAjAoe I. sa. 1857nA baLavA vakhate aMgreja sarakArane sArI madada karI hatI. I. sa. 1862mAM temane dattaka levAnI sajada maLI,

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(145) hajhahAinesa krIznAjIrAva pavAra bAbAsAheba ane hIjhAInasa nAraNarAva pavAra, dAdAsAhebane sarakhe haka ane hedo che. temane halakA darajAnI sattA che. ane teo aMgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhata lazkarI salAmatI ane 15 pa phoDI mAna ApavAmAM Ave che. tA. 10 phebu ArI sane 1887nA roja mahArANI vikaTorIAne rAja kAne 50 varasa thavAthI tenI khuzAlImAM hIMdusthAnamAM jyubIlI nAmanuM mahatva pALavAmAM Avyo hato temAM baMne zAkhAnA revarAjAe sAro bhAga laI potAnI mahArANI taraphanI rAjabhakti dekhADI ApI hatI. devAsae rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. te aMdarathI IzAna koNamAM 20 mAIlane cheTe che. rAjyanA bane saradAra zaheramAM judA judA - helamAM rahe che. vastI 12000 mANasanI che. zaheramAM posTa ophIsa, paradezIone utaravA mATe eka baMgalo ane davAkhAnuM che. zaherI vAvya koNamAM 300 phUTa uMcI eka TekarI che tenA upara cAmuDA devInuM eka maMdIra che. vaLI te TekarI upara mahAdevanuM devaLa ane taLAva che, datI. A rAjya budelakhaMDanA vAvya koNa taraphanA chevADA bhAga para sidhio sarakAranA khAsa vAlIara prAMtanI agnikoNamAM ane jhAMsI jIllAnI uttaramAM che. tenA rAjakartA budelA jAtanA sUryavaMzI rAjapUta ane te mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che sImA-A rAjyanA IzAna koNamAM saMpathara saMsthAna, dakSiNe jhAMsIne mulaka ane pazcime sipa nadI AvelI che. A rAjyamAM 850 corasanila jamInanuM kSetraphaLa 454 gAma ane vastI 200000 (be lAkha) mANasanI che. vArSika upaja 21000000 (daza lAkhane Asare thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa mulaka paNuMkarIne baco nIce ane jyAM tyAM verAtI DuMgarIo che te paNa IzAna koNa taraphano bhAga sapATa che. ane dakSiNa taraphano bhAga TekarA TekarIvALo che. nadI. siMdha e A rAjyanA naratyakoNa taraphathI nIkaLI A rAjyanI hada choDI pachI jamanAM nadIne maLe che. pANInI AvadAnI sArI che. havA garama ane sukhadAyaka che. jamIna rasALa che temAM dha, bAjarI, juvAra, 19

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14) kapAsa zeraDI, gaLI ane kaThora tathA tala vigerenI nipaja thAya che. janavara-gAma pazumAM gAya, baLada, bhe che ane gheTAM loka uchere che. loka ghaNuM karIne rajaputa, buMdI, AhIra, mareThA ane gujara vagere che. | mukhya zahera hatI e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che temAM rAjakartA - hArAjA rahe che. e zahera gvAlIarathI agnikoNamAM 40 mila ane jhAMsIthI uttaramAM vANu tarapha 20 milane cheTe che. dattakanI sanada- A rAjyane mATe je pachADI vArasa putra na hoya te vagara najarANAM Ape hiMdu dharma zAstra pramANe dattaka levAnI sanada Igreja sarakAra tarapha thI maLelI che. temaja kesahida taraphathI I. sa. 1877mAM zenazAhI vAvaTo paNa maLe che. ItihAsa-dattIonA rAja ane uracA athavA tevarInA rAjA eka vaMzanA che. ane teo jAte sarve vaMzI budelA rajapUta che. darIAnuM rAja I. sa. 1735mAM teharInA rAjathI judu paDayuM hatuM. A rAjya I. sa. 1802mAM vasAinI salAhathI aMgrejonA hAthamAM AvyuM. te vakhate tyAM parIcata nAme rAjA rAja karate hato. tenI sAthe I. sa. 1804 mAM salAha karavAmAM AvI. I. sa. 181mAM pezvAne padabhraSTa kakaryA pachI rAjA parIcatane tenI nImakahalAlIne mATe aMgrejoe tene siMdha nadInI pUrva taraphano mulaka ApIne tenI sAthe I. sa. 1818mAM pharIthI salAha karI. rAjA parIcIta I. sa. 183mAM bIna vArasa marI gayo. teNe vijaya bahAdurane dataka lIdho hato. tene aMgreje, ke monIne dIvAna madanasiMga sAme thaze. te paNa gAdIno vArasa TharA. | vijaya bahAdura I. sa. 1857mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI teno dataputra bhavAnIsiMga gAdIe be; paNa arajunasiMge gAdIne mATe dAvo kI ane tene je rANI rITa hatI teNe madada karI. teNe dezamAM ghaNuM tophAna karavA mAMDayuM. tethI aMgrejoe lazkara mokalI dezamAM baMdobasta kI. rAjA bhavAnIsiMca jAte budelA rajaputa che. ane te I. sa. 1845 mAM janmyo hato. hIjhAisarAva mahArAjA bhavAnIsiMga tA. 1 jAnevArI sana 1877ne roja mahArANI vikaTorIAe "kesahiMda e pada dhAraNa karyuM te bAbata lADalITane dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM gayA hatA, ane tyAM temane loka dIrane khitAba ane 15 topanuM

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(147) mAna maLyuM. vaLI eka zenazAhI vAvaTo paNa maLyo che. tA. 16 phebru. ArI sane 1987 nA roja mahArANIvikaTorIne rAja karyAne pa0 varasa thavAthI tenI khuzAlImAM hIMdusthAnamAM jyubIlI nAmano mahezrva pALavAmAM AAvyo hato. temAM mahArAjAe sArobhAga lIno hato anetenI yAdagIrImAM pote rAjadhAnInA zahera tIkhAmAM kanyAzALA sthApI ane caDelA mahesulanI moTI rakama mAMDIvALavA ane potAnA rAjyamAM kuMvA vAva, taLAva vigare dhamAdA kAma karavAne TharAva karyo. hIjhAInesarAva mahArAjA bhavAnIsiMga lokadara khAdurane phrAMsIdevAno haka che. temanI hAla 45 varasanI umarache mahArAjAne 15 topanuM mAna maLeche temane hRtakano haka maLyoche A rAjAnA lazkaramAM 97 topo 160 topa koDanArA 700 dhADesvAra ane 3040 pyAdala che. hatI--e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane tyAM mahAsajA raheche. te AgrethI sAgara javAnA rastApara AgraMthI agnikoNamAM 125 mela ane sAgarathI vALyakoNamAM 148 malate cheTe AveluM che. te eka TekarIpara che. ane tenI mbhAsapAsa 30 juTa UMco eka koTa che. joke rastA sAMkaDA ane gu McavaNImA che. topaNa zahera sArA dekhAvanuM che. ane temAM dhaNAM suMdara dhara che vastI 28000 mANasanI che. temAM 23000 hiMdu, 5000 musalamAna che. zaheranI aMdara rAjAno mahela che ane tenI aAsapAsa khAgache. khAganI AsapAsanI dIvAlamAM eka suMdara daravAjo che. ane tene dareka khUNe moracAvALA mInArA che. rAjAnA mahela sivAya mATe paNAnA smAkAranuM eka hAjathI dherAyaluM makAna che. ane tenI gyAsapAsa khAga AvI rahelo che . mA bhAganI aMdara cAra hAthIno banAvelo eka juvAro che. A hAthInI DuMDomAMthI pANI uDeche. A sivAya zaheranA dara eka bIjo mahela che. paNa temAM koI rahetuM nathI. zaheranI pazcime eka trIjo mar3ela che temAM paNa koI rahetuM nathI. paNa te tenA kada ane majabutIne mATe temaja kotara kAmane mATe prakhyAta che. zaherathI 4 melane cheTe jainadharmanAM devalo che te paNa kotara kAmane mATe prakhyAta che. tIkhAnI paDozamAM puSkaLa jhADI che.. mane tyAM zikAra puSkaLa maLI mAveche. je TekarIpara zahera bhAveluM che. tenI pAse eka sarovara che.

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(148) varA. cyA rAjya khAsa mALavA prAMtanA pazcima bhAgamAM che. tenA rAjakatA rohIlA jAtanA paThANa musalamAna Rnete navAbanI padmithI oLakhAya che. sImA--mA rAjyanI uttare tathA IzAna koNe sItAmAnanuM rAjya pUrve hAlakara sarakArano mahadapura lo, dakSiNe siMdhimmA sarakArano mulaka tathA ratalAmanuM rAjya ane pazcime paratApagaDhanuM rAjya che. A rAjya mAM 872 corasa mAIla jamIna tathA 108000 mANasanI vastI che. temAM 87000 hiMdu, 13000 musalamAna ane khIjA paracuraNu loka che. vArSika upaja sumAre 2800000 (ATha lAkha) thAyache. dezanuM svarUpa--mulaka sapATa, cyAbAda ane rasALa che. temAM supyatve karIne ghauM, DAMgara, khAjarI, makAi, tamAma jAtanuM kaThoLa, gaLI, zeraDI, tamAku ane khasakhasanA choDanI nipaja thAyache. mukhya nadI kSIprA te pUrve sarahada upara che. loka--rajaputa, bhIla ane paracuraNa jAtanA hiMdu tathA musalamAna che. mukhya zahera jAvarA e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM navAba sAheba raheche. A zahera mA rAjyanA pazcima bhAgamAM che tathA te relavesTezana che. mA rAjya DAlakaranuM khaDIyuM rAjya che ane navAkhane gAdIe besatI vakhate hAlakarane rU200000 (be lAkha) najarANAnA ApavA paDeche. jo ke mA rAtmya hAlakaranuM khaMDIyuM che. topaNa te IMgreja sarakAranI sattA nIceche. navAbane lazkaranA kharacane mATe IMgreja sarakArane 2161900 ApavA paDeche. danakanI sanada--A rAjyane mATe jo pachADI vArasa zAhajAdo na hAya to musalamAna sIrastA pramANe vagara najarANAM Ape dattaka levAnI sanada IMgreja sarakAra taraphathI maLIche. temaja I. sa. 1877nI sAlamAM nAmadAra kesarehiMda taraphathI sena sAhI vAvaTo. paNa maLyo che. Itiharasa--jAvarAnuM rAjya prakhIsmAta amIrakhAnanA sALA jAph rakhAne sthApyuM hatuM. te 18mA mukAnI Akhare rAhIla khaMDamAM janmyo hato. tenA bApadAdA JaphugAna jAtanA paThANa hatA. I. sa. 1798mAM jyAre mamIrakhAna hAlakaranA hAtha nIce saradAra thayo tyAre te tene (amIrakhAnane) jaI maLyo ane potAnI buddhi ane bahAdurIthI prakhIgmAta thayo. I. sa. 1808mAM jyAre jasavaMtarAva hAlakara gAMDo thayo. tyAre

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(19) amIrakhAna, jeno te (jApharakhAna) sALe thato hato teNe tene aMdara rAjya kArabhAra calAvavAne mATe je rIjansI kAunsIla nimI hatI tene membara banAvyo. A rIjansImAM mayatarAjAnI rANI tulasIbAI hatI. jApharakhAnane ane A bAIne banatuM nahatuM tethI te lazkara laine jAvare gayo ane tyAMnA lokone luTI lIdhA. A uparathI mareThAoe eka lazkara moka9yuM. paNa jApharakhAne potAnA banevI amIrakhAnanI madadathI moThAne harAvI pAchA kADhayA. AthI karIne paThANulokanI caDatI thaI. A pachI amIrakhAna rajapUtANA bhaNI gayo ane jApharakhAna bALarAjA mahAvarAvano vAlI thaze. teNe gamarAvanA zahera tarapha kuca karI jethI tulasIbAIne nAzI javuM paDayuM. mahIdapura AgaLa laDAI thaI temAM jApharakhAna IgrejonA tarapha hato. A laDAImAM telakaranuM lazkara hAryuM. Akhare I. sa. 1818mAM maMdIra AgaLa salAha thaI. A salAhathI sujIta mahAragaDha, roLa, maMDAvala, jAvarA ane baroDa paragaNuM je mahArAjA helakare jApharakhAna ne bakSiza ApyAM hatAM tenA saradAra tarIke aMgreja sarakAre tene kabula karyo. A vakhate amIrakhAne, je mulaka jApharakhAnane bakSiza karavAmAM Avyo, tene mATe haka karyo ane kahyuM ke jApharakhAna mA ejaMTa hato. tapAsa karatAM ema mAlama paDayuM ke helakaranA rAjya kArabhArano te membara hato ane amIrakhAnane lIdhe te dAkhala thayo hato. paNa I. sa. 1810 nI laDAI pachI baMdha paDyo hato tethI amIrakhAnano dAvo rada karyo. jApharakhAna I. sa. 1825mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chekaro navAba gesa mahamadakhAna gAdIe beThe. te kAcI umarano hato. tethI rAja kArabhAra jApharakhAnanI moTI vIdhavA begama ane teno jamAI jahAMgIrakhAna Igreja sarakAranA hukamathI calAvatA hatA. paNa be varasanI aMdara rAjyamAM eTale sudhI geravahIvaTa cAlyo ke Igreja sarakArane te begamane khaseDavAnI jarUra paDI. ane evo TharAva karyo ke gesa mahaMmada nA maraNa pachI jApharakhAnanA nara vAraso gAdI para bese. navAba gesamahamadakhAne I. sa. 1857nA baLavA vakhate sArI madada karI hatI. te I. sa. 1885mAM maraNa pAmyo tenI pachI tene 11 varasano kare mahaMmada IsmAelakhAna gAdIe beThe te hAlano navAba che. navAbanI bA

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(150 ) yAvasthAmAM rAjya kArabhAra eka vajIra calAvato ane te mALavAnA polITIkala ejaMTanA hAtha nIce hato. A arasAmAM Tekane navAba je mayata navAbanI moTI begamano oramAI bhAI hato teNe rAjyane mATe haka karyo. paNa aMgreja sarakAre te rada karyo. hajhahAinesa navAba mahamada ismAlakhAna sAheba bahAdure I. sa. 1874 mAM rAjyakArabhAra potAne hAtha lI. navAba I. sa. 186mAM prinsa opha velsane mAna ApavAne aMdara gayA hatA. tA. 1 jAnyuArI ane 1877 ne roja jyAre rANI vikTorIAe emapresa opha InDIA evo khitAba dhAraNa karyo tyAre dillImAM lADa lITane je bAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM te gayA hatA. navAbane dattaka levAne haka maLyo che. tA. 19 phebruArI sane 1887 nI sAlamAM mahArANI vikaTorIone rAja karyAne 50 varSa thavAthI tenI khuzAlImAM hIMdusthAnamAM kyubIlI nAmano mahattva pAmavAmAM Avyo hato temAM ahinA navAbe sAro bhAga lIdho hato. temaNe jyubIlIne divase keTalAka kedIne chUTA karyA ane zaheramAM rozanI karAvI tathA dArUkhAnuM phoDavuM hatuM. temane potAnI hadanA loka khuna kare to dehAMta zIkSA karavAno haka che. navAba sAhebanI hAla 35 varasanI umara che. te jyAre aMgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya tyAre temane lakarI salAmatI ane 13 tapa phoDI mAna ApavAmAM Ave che. hajarata nurakhAna rAjyano kArabhArI hato. temane tA. 1 jAnyuArI sane 1877 ne roja dIllImAM je bAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM sTAra opha InDIAnA kaMpanI ane mAnavato khitAba ApavAmAM A vyo hato. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 15 te5, 19 topa phoDanArA, 121 ghoDesvAra, ra00 pAyadaLa, ra00 iregyulara pAyadaLa ane 497 polIsa che. jAvarA-e rAjyadhAnInuM zahera che ane te relave sTezana che. te pIrIA nadI para AveluM che. vastI 20000 mANasanI che temAM 10000 ha6 nava hajAra musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa che. A zahera ane gAu eka ThAkoranuM hatuM ane haju tenA vaMzaja tyAM rahe che. ane temane penasana maLe che. A zaheranI AsapAsa eka patharano koTa che. A zahera ratalAma ane pratApagaDha sAthe joDAeluM che. te ratalAmathI 20 mAIla

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(151 ) ane pratApagaDhathI 32 mAIla che. ahIM aphINa taLavAnuM kArakhAnuM, posTa ane tArakhAnuM nIzALa ane davAkhAnuM che. te dariA sapATIthI 1450 phuTa uMcu che. ratalAma. A rAjya khAsa mALavAnA nairUtyakoNa taraphanA bhAgamAM che. tenA rAjakta jAte rAThoDa rajapUta ane te mahArAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare jAvarAnuM rAjya, pUrva halakara tathA siMdhio sarakAranA jIllA, dakSiNe dhArano mulaka ane pazcime vAMsavADA tathA 5ratApagaDhanAM rAjya che. A rAjyanA tAbAmAM 72 corasa mAIla jamIna zahera ane 142 gAma che. temAM Azare 100000 (ekalAkha) mANasanI vastI che. vastImAM 54000 hiMdu, 10000 musalamAna, 6000 jainadharmanA loka, 17000 asalI jAtanA loka ane bIjA paracuraNa che. vArasika pedAza Azare 21300000 (tera lAkha) thAya che. te paikI 84000 sAlamasAI rUpIA eTale 6000 siMdhio sarakArane khaMDaNInA Ape che paNa I. sa. 1844 mAM evI goThavaNa karavAmAM AvI che ke khaMDaNanA rUpIA siMdhiAnA lazkaranA kharaca badala igreja sarakArane ApavA. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka sapATa, rasALa ane AbAda che. mALavA prAMtamAM je sArAmAM sArA vibhAga che, temAMnuM ratalAmanuM rAjya e paNa eka che. nipaja-ghauM, tamAku, zeraDI, kapAsa, makAI, bAjarI, juvAra, tala, ane ghaNuM jAtanAM kaThora thAya che. A mulakamAM khasakhasanA geDanI ropaNI thAya che, temAMthI aphINa nIpaje che. hiMdusthAnanA ghaNA bhAgamAM aphINa thAya che. paNa ratalAmanA aphINanI barobaranuM sArU ane prasiddha aphINa bIje ThekANe thatuM nathI. nadIo-mahI, e mALavAmAM AvelA amajharA gAma pAsenA DuMgaramAMthI nIkaLI A rAjyamAM thaI AgaLa jatAM gUjarAtamAM pasAra thaI. luNAvADAnA rAjyamAM thaI khaMbhAtanA akhAtane maLe che. havA sAdhAraNa che. naMda ghaNe varase che. jAnavara-vAdha, citrA, haraNa, varU vagare jagalI jAnavaro ghaNI ja.

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(152 ) : gee jovAmAM Ave che. gAma pazumAM gAyo, bheMza, ane baLada che. loka-rajapUta bhIla, paracuraNa jAtanA hiMdu ane musalamAne che. relave ajamerathI khaMDavA sudhInI eka moTI relave lAIna che. teno keTaloka bhAga A rAjyanA mulakamAM che ane ratalAma zaheramAM paNa te upara eka relave sTezana che. mukhya zahero--ratalAma e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjakata mahArAja rahe che. dattakanI sanaMda-A rAjyane mATe je rAjakartA mahArAjA bInavArasa maraNa pAme to vagara najarANuM Ape hiMdu dharmazAstra pramANe dattaka levAnI sanaMda aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI maLelI che. vaLI I. sa. 1877 mAM kesa rehiMda taraphathI pAdazAhI vAvaTo paNa maLyo che. ItihAsa-ahiMnA rAjakartA roDa jAtanA rajapUta che ane te mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. ratalAmanA rAjakartAne muLa purUSa rato hato. ratane jodhapura (mAravADa)nA rAjA udayasiMganA sAtamA dIkarA dalapatasiMhanA kuMvara mahesadAsane kuMvara hato. A rAjya zAhajahAna pAdazAhe udayasiMhane bakSisa ApyuM hatuM. jyAre ratanasiMga zAha A rAjya mAravADa athavA jodhapuranuM rAjya e nAme oLakhAya che ane te rAjapUtANAmAM AveluM che. rAjyakartA sUryavaMzI roDa rajapUta che ane teo mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. A rAjyano vistAra 35672 corasa mAIla jamInano che. vastI Azare 2000000 (vIsa lAkha) mANasanI che. vArasika pedAza 23000000 (trIsa lAkha) thAya che. ahinA rAja zrIrAmacaMdranI vaMzanA che. ane temanI utpati rAmanA kuMvara lavanI pa4mI peDhIe sumItrAthI thaI gaNAya che. A rAjyanI sthApanA karanAra saojI thaI gayo. temaNe mAravADanI gAdI prathama pAlImAM sthApI. temanA pachI te gAdIe asodhAma, hara, rAyamala, kAnala, jAlana, cAMde, thI, sIla, khIramadeva ane tyAM e nAmanA rAja thayA. A rAjAe pAlImAMthI potAnI gAdI uThAvI maMkoramAM karI. caMdA pachI raNamala ane tenA pachI je gAdIe beThe. jehAe I. sa. 1459mAM jodhapura vasAvI mAravADanI gAdI te zaheramAM sthApI. temanA pachI kuMvara surajamala, gaMgadAsa, mAla deva, ane udayasiMha e nAmanA rAjA thayA. udayasiMhane dilhInA pAdazAhe mahArAjA evo

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( 153 ). jahAna pAdazAhanI kacerImAM gayo hato tyAre pAdazAhe tene bApanI nekarInI buja karI tene eka jAgIra bakSisa karI. ratanasiMga potAnI jAgIrane kabajo levA mALavAmAM Avyo ane tyAM eka gAma vasAvI tenuM nAma potAnA nAma uparathI ratalAma pADayuM ane tyAM potAnI rAjagAdI karI. A pachI eraMgajeba ane tenA bhAIo vaccenI eka laDAImAM te marAyo. tenI pachI teno pATavI kuMvara rAmasiMha gAdIe beThe. te 20 varasa rAja karI maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI zIvasAha gAdIe beThe. te aputra maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI gAdIne mATe takarAra uThI paNa Akhare tene anArasa putra kezodAsa gAdIe beTho. A rAjAne dilhInA pAdazAha sAthe aNabanAva thayo tethI teNe tene padabhraSTa karyo. ane chatrasAkhitAba Apyo hato. temane 17 kuMvaro hatA. temAMnA ghaNAe judAM judAM rAjya sthApyAM temAM mukhyaseviMdagaDha, ratalAma, kisanagaDha ane pIsanagaDha che. udayasiMhanI pachI jodhapuranI gAdIe surasiMha, gajasiMha, jasavaMtasiMha, ajItasiMha, abhayasiMha, ane rAmasiMha thayA. A mahArAjA pAsethI tenA kAkA vakhatasiMhe jodhapuranuM rAjya laI lIdhuM. vakhatasiMha pachI teno kuMvara vijayasiMha gAdIe beThe. temanA pachI bhImasiMha gAdIe beTho. te I. sa. 1804 mAM maraNa pAmyo. temanA pachI mAnasiMha gAdIe beThe. A rAjAnA vakhatamAM A rAjyane aMgrejo sAthe pahela vahelo saMbaMdha thayo. A mahArAjAe potAnA jIvatAM potAnA kuMvara chatrasiMhane gAdIe besADyo. mahArAjA chatrasiMha I. sa. 1818mAM maraNa pAmyo tethI pALe rAjyano kabajo mAnasiMhe lI. mAnasiMha I. sa. 1843 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tene putra nahe tethI mahIkAMThA ejansInA ahamadanagaranA rAjA takhatasiMha dataka thaI gAdIe beThA. AthI ahamadanagaranI gAdI khAlI paDI te IDaranA rAjya sAthe joDI devA igreje TharAva karyo. mahArAjA takhatasiMha I. sa. 1873 mAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI vaDA kuMvara jasavaMtasiMha gAdIe beThA. te jodhapuranA hAlanA mahArAjA che A mahArAjAne 18 topanuM mAna ane lazkarI salAmatI maLe che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 50 20 pedala, 3545 vAra, 270 tapa ane 240 gela dAja rAkhavAnI sattA che. hi. rAjaputANA pA. 19 20

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(154) lane gAdIe besADyo. A rAjAe pAdazAhane dakSiNanI ghaNI laDAIemAM madada karI hatI. tene kaMvara haThIsiMga eka laDAImAM marAyo tethI te ghaNe nArAja thaI ga ane rAjapATa potAnA kuMvaro vacce vaheca ApIne pote jegI thaI gayo. tenI pAchI ratalAmanI gAdIe kezarIsiMha thayo. paNa I. sa. 11mAM tene tenA bhAI pratApasiMhe mArI naMkhAvI pote rAjyane kabaje laI lI. A khabara kezarIsiMhanA nAnA chokarA jesiMha tenA bhAI mAnasiMhane ApI. mAnasiMha je te vakhate pAdazAhanI kacerImAM hato te pAdazAhI lazkara laIne ratalAma upara caDI Avyo ane pratApasiMhane harAvI mArI nAkhyo. kezarIsiMhanI pachI ratalAmanI gAdIe mAnasiMha thayo. teNe potAnA bhAI jesiMhane eka moTI jAgIra bakSIsa karI. rAjA mAnasiMha I. sa. 1744mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene kuMvara pazthisiMha gAdIe beThe. A rAjAnA vakhatamAM mareThA lakoe rAjyamAM ghaNe upadrava karavA mAMDyo. te trIsa varasa rAja karI I. sa174mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene kuvara padamasiMha gAdIe beThe. A rAjAnA vakhatamAM mareDA loka ratalAma upara caDhI AvyA ane rAjAne khaMDaNI ApavAnI jarUra paDI. rAjA padamasiMha I. sa. 1801mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI parabatasiMha gAdIpatI thayo. A rAjAnA vakhatamAM jasavaM. tarAva helakara ratalAmane be vakhata lUTavuM. dhAranA rAjAe ratalAma upara caDAI karI ane bIjA aneka du:kha parabatasiMga upara AvI paDyAM paNa Akhare Igreja sarakAre tene madada karI. parabatasiMha I. sa. 1820 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI baLavaMtasiMha gAdIe be. te kAcI u. marane hato tethI rAjya vahivaTa aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI cAlato hato. I. sa. 1857nA baLavA vakhate rAjA baLavaMtasiMhe igrejanI sArI karI bajAvI hatI. te I. sa. 1858mAM aputra maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI bharavasiMha gAdIe beThe. A rAjA rAjya calAvavAne ghaNo azakta hato. teNe rAjyanI kula sattA potAnA divAnane seMpI. A divAne yitane ghaNuM pIDI. AnI rAjAne khabara paDavAthI teNe tenAthI mukta thavA prayatna karavA mAMDyo. eTalAmAM te I. sa. 1864 mAM maraNa pAmyo.

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(155) bharavasiMha pachI tene kuMvara raNajItasiMha ratalAmanI gAdIe bete kAcI umarano hato tethI aMgreja sarakAre tyAM rAjya calAvavAne mIra sahAmata alIkhAna sI. esa. AI. ne nImyo. A vakhata rAjayamAM ghaNo sudhAro thayo hAlanA mahArAjA raNajItasiMha che. I. sa. 1876nA jAnevArI mAsamAM mahArAjA raNajItasiMha IramAM prinsa opha vesane mAna ApavAne gayA hatA. vaLI tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877nA roja mahArANI vikaTorIAe hiMdane mATe kesahiMda e khitAba dhAraNa karyo te bAbata pAyata dilhImAM lAlITane pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM mahArAjA gayA hatA. tA. 19 phebruArI sane 1847nA roja mahArANI vikaTorIAne rAja karyAne purAM 50 varasa thayAM tethI hiMdusthAnamAM jyubIlI nAmano mahendra pALavAmAM Avyo hato. temAM ratalAmanA mahArAjAe paNa sAro bhAga lIdho hato. temaNe te divase keTalAka kedIone chuTA karyA ane eka kanyAzALAne pAyo nAkhyo. mahArAjAe Idora resIDensI rAjakumAra kolejamAM abhyAsa karyo che. hAla temanI umara 30 varasanI che. temane utaratA darajAnI sattA che. A rAjyane mATe 11 tapanuM mAna maLe che. paNa mahArAjA raNajItasiMgane temanI hayAtI sudhIne mATe 13 tenuM mAne maLavA mATe TharAva thayo che. A rAjyanA rAjA pazcima mALavAnA. rajapUta saradAromAM pahere naMbare che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 1ra geladAja, 5 laDAInI te5, 176 dhADe svAra, 108 pAyadaLa ane 461 polIsa che. A rAjayamAM (I. sa. 1882mAM) 24 nizALe, kedakhAnuM,. sArA rastA ane davAkhAnuM che. rilatAma-e rAjadhAnInuM mukhya zahera che. ane temAM mahArAjA rahe che. te samudra sapATIthI 150 phuTa uMcuM che. vastI 1000 mANasanI che temAM 18000 hiM, 7000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa loka che. ratalAma zahera aphINanuM mukhya mathaka che. bajAra sAruM che. A zaheramAM no rAjamahela davAkhAnuM, posTa ophIsa ane koleja che.

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(156) pannA. A rAjya budelA jAtanA suyaeNvaMzI rajapUta rAjAne tAkhe che. ane te mahArAjAnI padmithI eALakhAya che. A rAjya budelakhaMDanA pUrva bhAgamAM che sImA. mA rAjyanI uttare aMdAnA mulaka ane carakArInuM rAjya, pUrve kotha, sAhAvala ane anyagaDhanAM dezI rAjya dakSiNe demora ane jabalaporano mulaka ane pazcime chatrapura ane ajyagaDhanAM dezI rAjya gmAvelAMche. mA rAjyanA tAkhAmAM 2568 corasamaila jamIna tathA smAzare 100000 (ekalAkha) mANasanI vastI che. vArSika upaja rU. 100000 (pAMcalAkha) ne smAzare thAyache. dezanuM svarUpa--mulaka DuMgarI tathA havA garama paNa sArIche, jamIna rasALa chetemAM ghauM, khAjarI, juvAra, kaThoLa, kapAsa, zeraDI, gaLI ane tala tathA aLasI vagerenI nipaja thAyache. varSAda izAnakoNa taraphathI khAveche. jAnAra-- jaMgalomAM vAdha, citrA, haraNa, varU, sAbara ane khIjA ghaNI jAtanAM phADI khAnArAM janAvara che. gAma pazumAM gAya, baLada, bheMzo vagare che. loka--bu delA rajapUta, AhIra, caMdelI, dhaMdelI, mareDA, ane gurjara vIgereche. AA rAjyanA mulakamAMnI khANomAMnA hIrA rAparAnA hIrA kahevAya che. te Aja sulakanA zahera pannA e rAjadhAnInuM zaherache. temAM rAjakatA mahArAjA raheche. e zahera jakhalapura ane ahAbAdavALI relave lAinache tenA uparanA khAMdenA relave sTezanathI dakSiNamAM 75 nelane cheTeche. dattakanI sanaMda mA rAjyane mATe jo pADI vArasa putra na heAya to vagare najarANAM mApe hiMdu dharmazAstra pramANe dataka levAnI sanada IMgreja sarakAre mApelI che. temaja sane 1877nI sAlamAM kerehiMda taraphathI senAzAhI vAvaTo paNa maLyo che. ghaNA zaMkAya che. jANavA. mukhya itihAsa--pannAnA rAjA hIradIzAhanA vazaja che. hIradIzAhu mahArAjA chatra sAlano IrA hato, jyAre agrejoe budelakhaMDano kabajo lIvo tyAre pannAmAM kIzorasiMga nAmano rAjA rAja karato hato. kIzorasiMgane I. sa. 1807 tathA 1811mAM sanaMda karI khApavAmAM AAvI hatI. rAjA kIzorasiMgane tenI geravartaNukane lIdhe deza nikAla

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( 157) 7 karyA tyAM te 1874mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI hara banlIrAva gAdIe kheDo te I. sa. 1849mAM vagara vArase maraNa pAmavAthI teno bhAi narapatasiMga gAdIe beTho. cyA rAjAe I. sa. 1857nA baLavA va... khate aMgrejane sArI madada karI hatI. tenA badalAmAM Jagreje tene 6takanI sanaMda, rU. 20000nI kImatano pozAka ane 11 topanuM mAna mApyuM. mahArAjA narapatasiMga pachI teno vaDo putra rUdraparatAkhasiMga I. sa. 1870mAM gAdIe kheDe te hAlano mahArAjA che. mahArAjA i. sa. 1875mAM prInsa opha velsanI mulAkata levA pote kalakate gaya! hatA. sana 1876nA jAnevArInI pahelI tArIkhe dilhImAM darakhAra bhayA hato. sAM tene prInsesTAra opha inDIJAnA nAiTa kamAnDarano khitAba Apyo. hIjhahAInesa mahArAjA zrIdratAkhasiMga bahAdura, ke, sI, esa, AI, tta. 1 nevArI sane 1877te roja dilhImAM khAdazAhI darabAra bha| hato tyAM gayA hatA. A vakhate temane 11 topanuM mAna maLatuM te vadhArIne 13 topanuM mAna mAgyuM. tA. 16 phebru smArI sane1887nA rAja hiMdusthAnamAM jyubIlI nAmano mahAtva,mahArANI vikaTArIgmAne rAjya kAne purAM 50 varSa thayAM tenI khuzAlImAM pALavAmAM mALyo hato temAM mahArAjA e paNa peAtAnA taraphano mahArANI uparano prema bhAva sArI rIte dekhADI khApyo hato. mahArAjAnI umara hAla 40 varasanI che. temane halakA darajAnI sattA ane jyAre te IMgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya tyAre lazkarI salAmatI ane 13 topa koDI mAna ApavAmAM Aveche. A rAjya nA lazkaramAM 250 dhoDe svAra, 2440 pyAdala 19 topa ane 60 golaMdAja che. pannA e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. mA zahera samudra sapATIthI 1147 phuTa UMcu che te khadAthI jabalapuranA rastApara baMdAthI 62 mela ane jakhalapurathI 169 mela che vastI 15000 mANasano che. temAM 12500 hiMdu 2000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa che zaheranAM bA paththarathI bAMdhelAM che. zaheramAM dhaNAM hiMdu devalAche temAM zrIkRznanA bhAibaLadevanuM moTuM ane sudara devaLa che, rAjAne mATe khAMdhelA navo rAjamahela No zobhAyamAna che. cyA zaheramAM pesTaphrIsa che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ' www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(158). rAjagaDha. A rAjya mALavAmAM omatavADAnA uttara bhAgamAM che. tenI uttare rajapUta saMsthAnamAMnuM koTAnuM rAjya, pUrva ane pazcime siMdhiyA sarakArane mUlaka ane dakSiNe narasiMhagaDhanuM rAjya che. rAjyaka-jAtanA mata rajapUta che ne te rAvatanI paddhithI oLakhAya che. A rAjyagaDha ane narasiMgagata e be rAjya matavADAmAM che. matavADAnA mUlakanI laMbAI uttara dakSiNa 50 mela ne pahoLAI 15 mila che temAMthI uttara taraphano bhAga rAjyagaDha tAve che. ane dakSiNa taraphane bhAga narasiMga gaDha tAbe che. A rAjyanuM kSetraphaLa 655 corasa mAIla jamIna ane 338 gAma tathA temAM Azare 117000 mANasanI vastI che. vArSIka upaja 50000 (pAMca lAkha) ne Azare thAya che temAMthI rU 85170 siMdhiA sarakArane tAlIana pragaNAne mATe khaMDaNInA Ape che ane 1000 kApI pragaNAne mATe jhAlAvADanA rAjAne khaMDaNInA Ape che. dezanuM svarUpa-A rAjyano mUlaka khAsa mALavAmAM che. mUlaka uMcANamAM che tathA teno utAra uttara taraphano che mUlaka sapATa ane ghaNe rasALa che. temAM nIpaja ghauM, tamAku, zeraDI, gaLI, kapAsa, kaThora ane khasakhasa thAya che. khasakhasanA choDavAmAMthI aphINa thAya che. nadI nevAja ane pAravatI e be che te dakSiNa taraphathI AvI uttara tarapha jAya che. loka-rajapUtA mareThA, pIMDhArA, bhIla tathA thoDA musalamAna che. mukhya zahera-rAjagaDha e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjyaka rAvata rahe che. e zahera maMdasaranA relave sTezanathI pUrvamAM 100 mAIlane cheTe che. temaja rAjagaDhathI narasiMgagaDha aganI koNe 40 mila tathA tyAMthI bhopALanuM relave sTezana 50 mAIlane cheTe che. ItihAsa-A rAjyanA rAjyaka rAvata kahevAya che. ane teo omata jAtanA rajapUta che. ahIMnA rAjyakartA bhojarAjAnA vaMzajo che. I. sa. 1981 mAM ahiMnA saradArano choko divAna hato teNe potAnA pitAne rAjyanA bhAga pADavAnI jarUra paDI. AthI divAnane bhAga mUlaka Avyo te narasiMhagaDha kahevAya che. ane rAvatane bhAga je mulaka Amo te rAjagaDha kahevAya che. agADI jatAM rAjagaDha siMdhinuM khaMDIyuM

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(159) rAja thayuM. A rAjyamAM ghaNuM geravahIvaTa cAlavA lAgyo. teno khajAno khAlI paDavAthI IMgreja sarakAre teno kabaje potAne hAthe lIdhuM. ane tene devAmAMthI mukta karI I. sa. 1856 mAM tyAMnA rAvatane tyAM ane khatIyArasepyo. rAjyagaDhanA rAvata motIsiMge I. sa. 181 mAM musalamAna dharma pALyo. ane pote abdulavAsIkhAna evuM nAma dhAraNa karyuM. I. sa. 187ra mAM Igreja sarakAre tene navAbano khitAba ane 11 temanuM mAna ApyuM. I. sa. 1880 mAM mahamada abadulavAsIkhAna maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno putra bakhatAvarasiMga gAdIe beThA. te I. sa. 188ramAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno putra balabahAdurasiMga gAdIe beThe. te hAlana rAvata che. jyAre motIsiMge musalamAna dharma pALyA tyAre rAvata cheka bALaka hato, tethI tyAMnA bhAyAtoe tene rajapUta kAyama go. A rAvatane 11 temanuM mAna maLe che ane halakA darajAnI sattA che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 240 ghoDesvAra, 360 khAdaLa, 4 laDAInI ne bIjI . tapa ane 12 gelaMdAja che. rAjagaDha e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che temAM rAjA rahe che vastI 7000 mANasane Azare che. temAM 5000 hiMdu ane 2000 musalamAna che Azare samudra sapATIthI 1200 phuTa ucu che. narasiMhagaDha. A rAjya mALavAmAM ematavADAnA dakSiNa bhAgamAM che. tenI uttare rAjagaDhanuM rAjya, dakSiNe siMdhio sarakAranA mulakanI pAsenI jAgIro, pUrve bhopALanuM rAjya ane pazcime siMdhio sarakArane ujjaNa prAMta che. rAjakartA-jAtanA mata rajapUta ane te rAjAnA khitAbathI oLakhAya che. A narasiMhagaDha ane rAjagaDha e be rAjya matavADAmAM che. matavADAnA bhUlakanI laMbAI uttara dakSiNa 50 mila ane pahoLAI 55 mila che. temAMthI uttara taraphano bhAga rAjagaDhane tAbe che. ane dakSiNa taraphano bhAga narasiMhagaDhane tAbe che. narasiMhagaDhanA rAkhyo vistAra 623 corasamala jamIna ane temAM 410 gAma che. vastI 112000 mANasanI che. vArSika upaja rU500000 ne Azare thAya che.

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( 160) khaMDaNa rU.5000 bhopAba calaNI helakara sarakArane Ape che. ane te 21ra00 hAlI siMdhIo pAsethI ane rU 51000 devAsanA rAjA - raphathI maLe che. dezanuM svarUpa-A rAjyano mulaka khAsa bhALavAmAM che. mulaka UMcANuno che tathA tene utAra uttara taraphane che. mulaka sapATa ane ghaNuM rasALa che temAM nipaja-gha, tamAku, zeraDI, gaLI, kapAsa, kaTheLa ane khasakhasa thAya che. khasakhasanA choDavAmAMthI aphINa thAya che. nadIne bAja, pAravatI ane kALIsiMdha che. te dakSiNa taraphathI AvI uttaramAM jAya che leka-rajapUta mareThA pIMDhArA ane bhIla tathA mUsalamAna che mukhya zahera-narasiMhagaDha e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjA rahe che A zahera bhopALanA relave sTezanathI vAvyakoNamAM 50 melane cheTe che. ItihAsa-A rAjya rAjagaDhano eka bhAga che ane te I.sa. 1960mAM tenAthI juduM paDayuM hatuM. ajabasiMga te rAjagaDhanA rAvatano divAna hato. teNe rAjagaDhanA mulakamAMthI keTalAMka pragaNuM laI lIdhAM ane narasiMhagaDha nAmanuM rAjya sthApI tyAM rAja karavA mAMDayuM. te I.sa. 1960mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chokaro pasArAma gAdIe be. I. sa. 1981 mAM teNe rAjagaDhanA rAvatane tenA mulakanA bhAga pADavAnI jarUra paDI ane tethI narasiMhagaDha ane bIje keTalAka mulaka potAnA hAthamAM Avyo. A pachIno I. sa. 1827 sudhImAM temano ItihAsa mAlama paDyo nathI. I. sa. 1827 mAM cenasiMge sihora AgaLa aMgrejI chAvaNI hatI tenA para humalo karyo paNa temAM te marAyo. tenA pachI hanavaMtasiMga gAdIe beThe tene aMgreja sarakAre I. sa. 1872 mAM tenA nimakahalAlapaNAne ane aMgreja pratye tenI sArI vartaNuMkane mATe rAjAne ki tAba Apyo. hIMjhahAInesa sajA paratAsiMga bahAra jAte omata jatanA rajapUta che. hIjhahAInesa rAjA paratApasiMga bahAra hAlanA rAjA che. te buddhimAna ane dayALu che te hAla 38 varasanI umare che te aMgrejI chAvaNamAM jAya te vakhate temane lazkarI salAmatI ane 11 topanuM mAna maLe che. temane halakA darajAnI sattA che. A rAjAnA lazkaramAM 24 gelaMdAja 98 ghoDesvAra 62 pyAdala ane 10 tapa che. narasiMhagaDha-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. vastI 11000 mANasanI zare che.

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(161) zaherathI uMcANamAM TekarI para eka killo bAMdhelo che. te I. sa. 10 mAM acalasiMge bAMdhyo hato. A killAmAM rAja mahela che ane tyAM rAjA rahe. che. A zaheramAM paNa AphIsa ane davAkhAnuM che. - - jhAbuvA A rAjya mALavAnA niratyakoNa taraphanA bhAgamAM che. tenA rAjakatA rAThoDa jAtanA rajaputa ane te rAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare vAMsavADAnuM rAjya, izAna koNa ane pUrva dizAe dhArano mulaka, jebaTa ane AlI rAjapurane mulaka ane pazcime gujarAta prAMtanA paMcamahAla jIllAnuM dAhoda pragaNuM che. A rA jyanA tAbAmAM 1736 corasa mila jamIna tathA temAM 85 gAma che. temAM 100000 (eka lAkha) mANasanI vastI che. vArSika upaja sumAre 200000 (be lAkha) thAya che te paikI helakara sarakArane khaMDaNI bhare che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka jhADI ane DuMgarothI bharelo che. vastI paNuM karIne bhIla jevA ALasu jAtane laka vizeSa che tethI ghaNI jamIna paDatara rahe che. dakSiNa bhAgamAM vidhyAdri parvatanI oLache. nipaja-dha tamAkuM, zeraDI, kapAsa, DAMgara, maga, aDada, makAI, bAjarI, juvAra ane kAra thAya che. lokamAM moTo bhAga bhIla lakano che. tethI thoDA - japUta vagere hiMdu ane musalamAno che. mukhya zahera jhAbuvA e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjA rahe che. e zahera ratalAmanA relave sTezanathI ratyakoNamAM 50 milane cheTe che temaja dAhodathI pUrva ane agnikoNanA bhAga tarapha 20 melane cheTe che. itihAsa-ahIMnA rAjakartA rAThoDa jAtanA rajapUta che ane te rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. teo jodhapuranA rAjakatAnA kuTuMbIo che. jhAbuvA aDhIse varasapara kAbu nAyaka nAmanA eka prakhyAta bahAravarIAnuM raheThANa hatuM. ane te parathI tenuM nAma jhAbuA paDayuM che. jhAMbunAyake te pahADI mulaka laI tyAM killo bAMdhyo hato. hAlanA rAjAnA vaDIla kriznadAse dilhInA bAdazAha alAuda-dInane jhAbuvAnA bhIla saradAro jemaNe gujarAta nA hAkemanA eka kuTuMbIne mArI nAMkhyo hato 21

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temane zikSA karavAmAM ane baMgALAnI sattA pAchI meLavI ApavAmAM sArI madada karI hatI, tethI allAuda-dIne bhIla saradAro pAsethI jItI lIdhelo saghaLo mulaka tene bakSisa karyo ane rAjAne khitAba Apo. A pramANe keTalAMka varasa sudhI te rAjave tenA vaMzajonA hAthamAM rahyuM; paNa Akhare helkare tene ghaNuM mulaka laI lIdho tethI te rAjyanI 'upaja mAtra nAmanI hatI; paNa helkare te jItelA mulakanI cotha udharAvavAnuM kAma rAjAne saMpyuM hatuM. jhAMbuAnA rAjyamAM Azare 12 kuTuMbo che teo helkarane dara varase rU. 15000 khaMDaNInA Ape che. ane rU.25000 jhAbuvAnA rAjAne Ape che. rU. 35000nI khaMDaNIne mATe holkara jhAbuvAnA rAjA pAse haka karato hato. tenA badalAmAM aMgreja sarakAranI mAraphate keTalIka jamIna ApI cukAdo karyo. I. sa. 185nA baLavA vakhate rAjA phakta 15 varasano hato te paNa aMgrejane sArI madada karI hatI. rAjA gopAlAsiMga hAlanA rAjA che. temanI umara hAla 45 varasanI che. temane 11 topanuM mAna maLe che ane temane halakA darAnI sattA che. A rAjya mAM jhAbuvA, rAmApura, ane kaMdalAmAM davAkhAna ane nizALe che vaLI rAmabhApura AgaLa eka nizALa che A rAjyanA lazkaramAM pa0 dhoDesvAra ane ra00 khAdaLa che. jhAbuvA e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. ane tethI jAlodanA rastApara mithI dara mila ane jhAlodathI 36 mila che. zaheranI AsapAla eka koTa che tyAM eka nAnuM sarovara che. uttara taraphanA kinArA para rAjAno mahela ane keTalAMka levala che. zaheramAM davAkhAnuM, poSTaophIsa ane nizALa che. salANA. A rAja mALavA ejansImAM rajapUta rAjAnA tAbAmAM che. ane te rAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che vistAra- A rAjanA tAbAmAM 500 corasa mAIla jamIna che. tathA temAM Azare 30000 mANasanI vastI che. vAsIka upaja Azare 2148000 nI thAya che ane 24ra000 salImasAhI khaMDaNInA bhare che. A rAjya ratalAmano eka bhAga hato, te I. sa. 1008 mAM jyAre

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(13) ratalAmane rAjA kezarIsIMga maraNa pAme tyAre te ratalAmathI lupavuM. ane tyAM tene bIje kaze jayasIMga rAja karavA lAgyo. hIjhahAinesa rAjA dhulIsIMga bahAdura jAte roDa rajapUta che ane te chatrazALa rAjAnA pAtra jayasIMganA vaMzaja che. rAjA rAjyakArobAramAM sAro bhAga le cherAjAne janma I. sa. 1838 mAM thayo hato ane tethI temanI umara hAla 51 varasanI che. temane halakA darajajAnI sattA che ane temane 11 temanuM mAna maLe che A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 40 DesvAra, 25 pAyadaLa, 3 Tepa ne 15 geledhaja che. sIlANa-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che te ratalAmathI vAvyakoNamAM 12 mAIla ane namalITezanathI pazcimamAM mAIla che Azare 4000 mANasanI che. A zaheramAM paNa hephIsa ane zAkhAnuM che. HT sItAmaiva. A rAjya khAsa mALavA prAMtanA pUrva bhAgamAM che. tenA rAjakartA rAThoDa jAtanA rajapUta ane te rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. ' sImA-A rAjyanI uttare maMDasara challo, dakSiNe jAvAnuM che. jya, pUrve jhAlAvADanA rAjyanI naLakIDI ane pazcime paratApagaDhanuM rAjya che. A rAjyamAM 350 corasa mAIla jamIna tathA temAM 31000 mANasanI vastI che. vArasIka upaja 20000 (eka lAkha ne hajAra)ne Azare thAya che. A rAjaya siMdhio sarakArane rU5000 (paMcAvana hajAra salImasAhI khaMDaNanA Ape che. derAnuM svarUpa-mulaka sapATa, AbAda ane zALa che. temAM DAMgara, ghauM, bAjarI, kapAsa, tamAku, kaThoLa, zeraDI, ane khasakhasanA choDa thAya che. mukhya nadI caMbala che. loka-rajaputa, bhIla ane thoDA mUsalamAna che mukhya zahera satAva, e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjA rahe che. itihAsa-sItAmaiva e ratalAmano eka bhAga hato; paNa I. sa. 1960 mAM ratalAmanA rAjA rAmasIMganA maraNa vakhate te ratalAmathI judu paDavuM. ane tyAM teno bIjo beka kezaradAsa rAja karavA lAyo.

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(164) hajhahAInasa rAjA bhavAnazIMga hAlanA rAjA che. ahinA rAjA ratalA manA rAjAonA vaMzajo che. rAjAe I. sa. 1857nA baLavA vakhate igrejanI sArI sevA bajAvI hatI ane tenA badalAmAM IMgreja sarakAre tene pozAka Apyo hato. rAjAnI umara hAla 52 varasanI che ane tene mane 11 tapanuM mAna maLe che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 100 pAyadaLa 40 ghoDesvAra ane 6 topa che. satAniva-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM rAjA rahe che. vastI Azare 6000 mANasanI che temAM 4000 hiMdu 1000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa loka che. A zahera nImacathI 4 mAIla ane agarathI 58 mAIlane cheTe che. A zahera maMDasaranA relave sTezana ane posTa ophIsathI 10 mAIla che. saMpatara. A rAjya sUryavaMzI budelA rAjapUta rAjAnA tAbAmAM che. ane rojaka mahArAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sapataranuM sabhya budelakhaMDanA vAvyakoNanA bhAgamAM dati nA rAjyanI pUrvamAM che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare ane pazcima gvAlIyara, dakSiNe agnikoNe ane nairUtya koNe jhAMsI ane pUrve jelamano mulaka che. temAM 175 corasa nila jamIna eka zahera ane 4.7 gAma che ane vastI 75000 (poNe lAkha) mANasanI che. vArSika upaja rU.400000 (cAra lAkhane) Azare thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa -mulaka ghaNuM karIne sapATa paNa patharI A che. pANanI AmadAnI sArI che. havA garama paNa sukhadAyaka che. jamIna rasALa che. temAM ghauM, bAjarI, juvAra, kapAsa, zeraDI, gaLI, ane kAra vagerenI nipaja thAya che. lakamAM mukhyatve karIne buMdela, AhIra, caMdelI, ghadelI mareThA ane gujara che. nadI siMdha ane pahu che. mukhya zahera sapatara e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM mahArAjA rahe che. e zahera gyAliyarathI agnikoNamAM 50 nalane cheTe che. datakanI sanada-A rAjyane mATe je rAjakartA mahArAjA bIna vArasa maraNa pAme te tenI pAchaLa vagara najarANA Ape hiMdu dharma zAstra pramANe dataka levAnI sanada Igreja

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( 15 ) sarakAra taraphathI maLelI che. temaja sane 1877nI sAlamAM sare hada taraphthI pAdazAhI vAvaTo paNa maLyo che. ItihAsa--mA rAjya I. sa. 1762mAM datIzmAnA rAjathI juduM paDavuM, rAjakatA gurjara mAhIra jAtanA rajapUta che. jyAre i. sa. 1805 mAM hAlphara ane siMdhIsmAnI hAra thaI. tyAre sapataranA rAjA raNajItasIMge maMgrejonI madada mAgI paNa te tene maLI nahi. smAkhare i. sa. 1817mAM tenI sAthe salAha thaI jethI aMgrejoe tenuM rakSaNa karavA kabula karyuM. rAjA raNajItasiMga I. sa. 1827mAM maraNa pAmyA. tenI pachI teno chokaro hiMdupata gAdIe beThe te hAlano mahArAjAM che, jyAre mahArAjA hiMdupata puSTha umarano thayo tyAre te gAMDA thayo. tethI tenI rANI rAjyanA mukhya amaladAro ane ThAkorAnI masalatathI rAjakArabhAra pote calAvavA lAgI. i. sa. 1864mAM mahArAjAnA vaDAputra chatrasiMge poliTIkala ejaMTane araja karI ke rANI sadhaLA khajAno uDAvI deche. smAthI aMgreja sarakAre rAjakArabhAra chatrasiMgane soMpyo. ane rANI ane. rAjAne mAlamAnA pragaNAmAM mAkalI dIdhAM. ane temane pesina khAMdhI smApyuM. I. sa. 1877nA jAnevArInI tA. 1 me dilhImAM khAdazAhI darabAra bharyeA hato tyAM rAjA chatrasiMga bahAdura gayo hato. tA, 16 phebruAArI sane 1887nA roja, mahArANI vikaTArIgmAne rAja kAne 50 varSa thai javAthI hIdusthAnamAM jyubIlI nAmano mahAtsva pALavAmAM Avyo hato ane te vakhate mahInA mahArAjAe paNa potAno umaMga ane mahArANI taraphanI rAja bhakti batAvI ApI hatI ane tenI yAdagIrImAM pote 24000 keLavaNI khAtAmAM mApyA. mahArAjA hidupata hAla 65 varasanI umare che ane temane IMgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya tyAre lazkarI salAmatI ane 11 topanuM mAna maLeche. mahArAjAne phrAMsI devAno hakache rAtane datakanI sanada maLIche A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 300 dhoDesvAra, 2000 pAyadala 35 topa ane 150 topa koDanArA che.

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(16) cirakArI. A rAjya rajapUta rAjAnA tAbAmAM che, ane rAjakartA "mahArAja sIpehadAra-ula-mulka"nA padathI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI utare surIlA nAmanuM sthAna, dakSiNe gurahara saMsthAna,nityakoNamAM alIpurA ane agnIkoNamAM paherI tAbAne mulaka Avelo che. A rAjya budelakhaMDanA uttara bhAgamAM che. temAM 77 porasamaila jamIna tathA 287 gAma che temAM Azare 143000 mANasanI vastI che. temAM 135000 hika 6000 musalamAna vigare paracuraNa jAto che. vArSika upaja 500000 (pAMca lAkha) ne Azare thAya che. khaMDaNI rU 8583 bhenA ane caMdAla pragaNuMne mATe Ape che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka ghaNuM karIne sapATa paNa patharIyA che. pANInI AvadAnI sArI che. A dezamAM jhADI ane jaMgalo cheja nahi. havAgarama paNa sukhadAyaka che. jamIna rasALa che. temAM ghauM, bAjarI, juvAra, kapAsa, zeraDI, goLa ane kaThera vagere nIpaje che. janAvara-le upapogI bhaze, gAya, baLada vigere che. loka mukhya karIne budelA, AhIra, caMdelI dhaMdhelI, marAThA ane gujara che mukhya zahera-cirakArI e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM mahArAjA rahe che. e zahera bAMdenA relave sTezana nathI ghaNuM karIne nityakoNamAM 30 milane cheTe che. ane temAM posTa ophIsa che. datakanI sanaMda-A rAjyane mATe je pachADI vArasa putra na hoya te vagara najarANAM Ape hiMdu dharmazAstra pramANe dattaka levAnI sanaMda aMgreja sarakAre ApelI che. temaja senazAhI vAvaTo sane 1877 nI sAlamAM maLyo che. ItihAsa-jyAre alI bahAdure budelakhaMDapara caDhAI karI tyAre vijaya bahAdura tenI sAthe gayo hato tenA badalAmAM tene cirakArIno mulaka maLyo. vijaya bahAdure aMgrejanuM uparIpaNuM pahela vaheluM kabula karyuM. tethI I. sa. 1804 ane 1811 mAM tene sanaMda karI ApavAmAM AvI. AthI cirakArI ane bIjA gAmanI takarAra patI gaI vijayasiMga I. sa. 1829 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene chokaro ratanasiMga gAdIe beDe A rAjAe baLavAnI vakhata sArI madada karI hatI.

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* (16) tethI tene dattaka levAne haka, dara varase 3ra0000 nI upajanI eka jAgIra ane pozAka ane vaMzaparaMparAne mATe 11 temanuM mAna maLyuM. rAjA ratanasiMga I. sa. 1890 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI tene cheka jayasiMga rAjA thayo I. sa. 1850. te hAlano rAjA che. te i. sa. 1853 mAM janmyo hato. - I. sa. 1874mAM hajahAinesa jayasiMgadeva bahAdure saghaLI rAjya sattA potAne hAtha lIdhI. te I. sa. 1877 nA jAnevArInI tA. 1lIe dilhImAM je bAdazAhe darabAra bharyo hato tyAM gayo hato ane tyAM temane sipAhadAra ulamuzkane khitAba maLyo hato. mahArANI vikaTorIAne rAja karatAM purAM pa0 varasa thavAthI tA. 16 phebruArI sane 1887 ne divase hiMdusthAnamAM jyubIlI maheQ pALavAmAM Avyo hato temAM ahinA rAjakartA mahArAjAe paNa sAro bhAga lIdho hato ane tenI yAdagIrIne mATe keLavaNIkhAtAne utejana ApavAno TharAva kI che. cirakArInA mulakanA cAra bhAga karavAmAM AvyA che. ane te dareka bhAgamAM eka zAnadAra rahe che. A thAnavA phojadArI dIvAnInA dAvA cukave che. AnA upara je apIla karavI hoya to sadara korTanA mukhya amaladArane karavI paDe che. A sivAya bIjI be dIvAnI koI che jemAMthI eka paisA saMbaMdhI dAvA cukave che. hIjhahAInesa zrI mahArAjA bIrAja sipAhadAra ulamuka jayasiMgadeva bahAdura dayALu svabhAvanA che mahArAjAnI hAla 36 varSanI umara che. temane halakA darajAnI satA che ane te IgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhata lazkarI salAmatI ane 11 topanuM mAnache. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM ra20 ghoDesvAra ra000 yAdaLa 131 gelaMdAja ane 31 topa che cirakArI e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane te gvAliyarathI baMdAe javAnA rastA para AveluM che. ane te baMdhAthI ja mane cheTe che. zaherathI nIcANamAM eka sarovara che. rastA sArA che. chatrapura. A rAjya pavAra jAtanA rajaputa mahArAjAnA tAbAmAM che ane te budelakhaMDanA madhya bhAgamAM che. ahinA rAjakata rAjAnI paddhithI

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(15) oLakhAya che. sImA--mA rAjyanI pUrve ajyagaDha tAbAno mulaka, 6kSiNe bijAvaranuM rAjya, agnikoNe rAjanagara ane utare hamIrapura pragaNu mAveluM che. vistAra-A rAjyanA tAbAmAM 1169 ceArasamAIla jamIna ane temAM 315 gAma tathA mAzare 164000 (ekalAkha ceAsaTha hajAra) mANasanI vastI che; temAM 158000 hiMdu, 5500 susalamAna ane khIjA paracuraNa che. vArasika upajarU250000 (belAkha pacAsa hajAra)ne mArAre thAyache. dezanuM svarUpa--mulaka ghaNuM karIne sapATa che. pANInI mAvadAnI sArIche. havA sArI che. jamIna rasALa che temAM dhamaiM, bAjarI, juvAra, kaDhALa, kapAsa, zeraDI, gaLI tala ane aLazI vIgere nIpaja thAyache. lAka--budelA rajaputa, AhIra, delI, dha delI, ane gurjara vigare che. mukhya zahera iMtrapura e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjakatA rAjA raheche. itihAsa--A rAjyano sthApanAra sunIzAha nAme thaI gayo. te pannAnA rAjA kIzorasiMganA dAdA hiMdupatano nokara hato. hiMdupata potAnA mATA bhAIne mArI nAkhIne ane nAnA bhAIne keda karIne chatrasAlanA mATA chokarA hIradIzAhanI gAdIe beTho. topaNa tenA maraNa pachI mAMhA mAMhe kajIgmA thayA teno lAbha lai sunIzAhe keTaloka mulaka laI lIvo I. sa. 1804mAM jyAre IMgrejoe khudelakhaMDano kakhajo lIno tyAre IMgrejoe teno mulaka tenA kabajAmAM rahevA dIdho. gyA rAjAne I.sa. 1806 ane 1808mAM sanado karI ApI. vaLI I. sa. 1817 mAM tene eka bIjI sanada karI mApavAmAM AAvI hatI. I. sa. 1826 mAM sunIzAhanA chokarA pratApasiMhane IMgrejoe rAjAno khitAba mApyo. I. sa. 1854 mAM rAjA pratApasiMha vagara vArase maraNa pAmyo. tethI IMgrejoe tenA bhatrIjA jagatarAjane te gAdI soMpI. A rAjAnI kAco umarane lIdhe mayata rAjAnI vIdhavA rANI rAjya calAvavA lAgI paNa rAjyamAM RNuM moMdhera cAlavAthI IMgreja sarakAre rANIne khaseDI rAjya calAvavA mATe eka IMgreja amaladArane nImyo. jagatarAja I. sa. 1867 mAM pAkI umarano yo tethI tene rAjyano adhikAra soMpyo paNa

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(19) eTalAmAM te I. sa. 1868 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno kuMvara khIsanana tha saMga gAdIe beTho, bIsananAthasiMga pAMvAra jAtano rajaputa che ane te I. sa. 1867 mAM janmyo hato. tenA bALapaNanI vakhate rAjya calAvavAne cAMkhIcukhI dhAnapaTarAya je vAvya prAMtano depyuTI kalekaTara hato tene suprITenDenTa nImavAmAM AAvyo, ane tenA hAtha nIce eka rIjansIkAunsIla nImI. tA. 1 lI jAnevArI sane 1877 nAroja nAmadAra mahArANI vikaTorIthyAe hiMdane mATe kesarehiMda e ilakAkha dhAraNa karyo tebAbatano DhaDhero vAMcI saMmaLAvavAne teja divase lAuMlITane dilhImAM pAdazAhI darakhArI bharyuM| hato tyAM hIjahAInesa rAjA bIsananAthasiMga bahAdura gayA hatA. mA darakhAra vakhate temane pAdazAhI vAvaTo maLyo hato. mahArAjAnI umara hAla 23 varasanI che. temane halakA darjAnI sattA che ane 11 topanuM mAna maLeche. mA rAjyanA lazkaramAM 62 dhoDesvAra, 1178 pAyadaLa ane polIsa 32 topa ane 38 gola dAja che. chatrapura-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM rAjakatA rAjA rahe che. te baMdAthI Arce javAnA rastApara maMdArtho naidukoNamAM 70 mAila ane sAgarathI vAvyakoNamAM 100 mAIlane cheTe AveluM che. 1 stI 13000 mANasanI che temAM 11000 hiMdu ane 2000 musalamAna che. ahi kAgaLa ane hathIAra batAvavAnAM kArakhAnAM che. chatrasAla rAjAnA mahelanAM khaMDero jovA lAyaka che. A khaMDeronI pAse tenI eka kabara che te paNa jovA lAyaka che. zaheranAM dharAM nIcAM che ane rastA mAMkaDA che paNa paisAdAra lokonAM ghara sArAM ane kImatI che. A zahera maNIkapura relavesTezanathI smAzare 40 mAilane cheTeche. anyagaDha. A rAjya sUryavaMzI buMdelA jAtanA rajaputa rAjAnA tAbAmAM che ane te ghaNuM karIne buMdelakhaMDanA IzAnakoNunA bhAgamAM pannAnA rAjyanI uttara tarapha che.rAjakI mahArAjA savAinI padmithI oLakhAya che. sImA--mA rAjyanI uttare carakArInuM rAjya ane khadA pragaNuM, dakSiNe ane pUrve pannAnuM rAjya ane pazcime chatrapuranuM rAjya che. mA 22

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(170) rAjyanA tAbAmAM 802 gerasa mAIla jamIna 321 gAma tathA Azare 80000 (esI hajAra) mANasanI vastI che. vArSika upaja 250000 (aDhI lAkha)ne Azare thAya che. khaMDaNI 7010. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka ghaNuM karIne sapATa che. pANInI AmadAnI sArI che. havA ghaNI sarasa che. jamIna rasALa che temAM ghauM, bAjarI juvAra, kAra, kapAsa, zeraDI, gaLI ane tala tathA aLazI vagere nipaja thAya che. jAnavara--ghaNuMkharUM uttara bhAgamAM vAgha, cItrA, haraNa, ane bIjA jaMgalI jAnavara che. gAma pazumAM bheMza baLada ane gAyo che. loka-buMdelA rajaputa AhIra, caMdelI, vaMdelI, mareThA, ane gura vagere che. nadIomAM moTI nadI kena nAmanI che. te nirUtyakoNa tarapha thI AvI A rAjyanA pazcima bhAgamAM thaIne IzAna koNa tarapha jAya che. tathA te hamIrapuranI pAse jumanane maLe che. mukhya zahera ajyagaDha e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che emAM rAjakatI rAjA rahe che. e zahera TezanathI dakSiNamAM 40 malane cheTe che. dattakanI sanada A rAjyane mATe je pachavADe vArasa putra na hoya to vagara najarANuM Ape hiMdu dharma zAstra pramANe dattaka levAnI sanada Igreja sarakAra taraphathI maLe lI che. vaLI zenazAhI vAvaTo mahArANI vikaTorIe sane 1877nI sAlamAM Apyo che. ItihAsa ajyagaDha agAu chatrasAlanA mulakano bhAga hato. chatrasAlanA maraNa pachI jyAre budelakhaMDanA bhAga paDyA tyAre eTale I. sa. 1734mAM abhyagaDhanI AsapAsano mulaka tenA chokarA jagatarAyanA hAthamAM gayo hato. I. sa. 1800mAM mareThAoe tene ghero ghAlI laI lIdho ane tyAMnA rAjA vakhatasiMgane tAbe thavAnI jarUra paDI. jyAre I. sa. 1803mAM aMgrejoe budelakhaMDane kabaje lIdhe tyAre aMgrejo e tene dara mahIne rU3000 geharAhI ApavA kabula karyuM. I. sa. 1807mAM tene eka sanada karI ApI. AthI tene tenA mulakane tho bhAga maLe. I. sa. 180thI aMgrejoe tenuM pensana baMdha karyuM. I. sa. 1809mAM aMgrejoe lakhamanarAve rAjyagaDhano killo leI lI hato tenA para lazkara mokalyuM. A vakhate lakhamanarAva nAzI gayo ane aMgrejoe te chatI leI vakhatasiMgane Akho. vakhatasiMga I. sa. 1837mAM

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(171). maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI anukrame mAdhavasiMga, mahIpatasiMga ane vijayasiMga gAdIe beThA. chello vijayasiMga I. sa. 1855mAM maraNa pA myo. tenI pachI tene bhAI ranarasiMga. gAdIe beTho. te hAlanA mahArAjA che. teNe rAjyanI kula sattA I. sa. 1868mAM potAne hAtha lIdhI. mahArAjA tA. 1 jAnevArI sana. 1837nA roja dilhInA bAdazAhI darabAramAM gayA hatA. tyAM tene savAIno kitAba maLyo ane senazAhI vAvaTo maLyo.tA.16 phebruArI sane 1887nA roja mahArANI vikaTorIAne rAja karatAM purAM 50 varSa thayAM tenI khuzAlImAM hIMdusthAnamAM jyubIlI nAmano mahattva pALavAmAM Avyo hato temAM mahArAjAe rANI taraphano potAno utasAha sArI rIte batAvyo hato ane tenI yAdagIsamAM temaNe keLavaNI khAtAmAM rU4000) ApavA TharAva karyo. hIjhahAyanesa mahArAjA savAI ranarasiMga bahAdura hAla 40 varasanA che temane halakA darajAnI satA che ane te aMgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhate lazkarI salAmatI ane 11 temanuM mAna maLe che A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 150 dhoDesvAra ra100, khAdala 16 tapa ane 50 gela dAja che. bijAvara. A rAjya sUryavaMzI buMdelA rajapUta rAjAnA tAbAmAM che ane rAjya-- kartA mahArAjA savAI evA khitAbathI oLakhAya che, mulaka ghaNuM karIne budelakhaMDanA madhya bhAgamAM che. sImA-uttare chatarapura IzAna koNamAM pannA tathA anyagaDha saMsthAnA tAbAno mulaka dakSiNe nAgaranA rAjyano mulaka ane pazcime ghAsana nadI AvelI che A rAjyanA tAbAmAM 973 corasa mila jamIna tathA temAM rajA gAma che. vastI Azare 113000 mANasanI che. vAsaka upaja Azare 225000 thAya che. - dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka ghaNuM karIne TekarA TekarI vALo che. pANInI AmadAnI sArI che. havA sArI che. vAda IzAna koNa taraphathI Ave che. jamIna rasALa nathI ane emAM halakI jAtanAM dhAnya thAya che. A rAjyamAM jaMgalo puSkaLa che. janAvaraghaNuM kharuM uttara taraphanA pahADI bhAgamAM vAgha, citrA, varU, haraNa vagere ghaNI jAtanAM jaMgalI jAnavaro hoya che. gAma pazumAM gAya, baLada, bheMzo vIgare che. A rAjyanA mulaka

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( 192 ) mAMthI hIrA ane loDhAnA gucchA paththarA sAthe maLelA mAluma paDeche. loka--buMdelA rajaputa, delI, mAhIra, dhaMdhelI, mareDA ane gurjara vigare che. bhASA budelakhaDI che. nadI- dhAmana nAmanI che te uttara tara+- keTalAka mela gayA pachI khetavA nadIne maLeche. mukhya zahera--bIjAvara e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che temAM rAjyakatA mahArAjA raheche. dattakanI sanaMda--A rAjyane mATe jo pachADI vArasa putra na hoyato vagara najarANAM mApe hiMdudharmazAstra pramANe dattaka levAnI sanada IMgreja sarakAra taraphathI maLelI che. vaLI pAdazAhI vAvaTo sane 1877mAM nAmadAra mahArANI vikaTorIkhAe cyApelo che. ItihAsa--bijAvaranA rAjakatA sUryavaMzI budelA rajapUta che ane te ucAnA mahArAjAnA kuTuMbI che ane te chatrasAlanA vaMzaja che. kharasIMgadeva je jagatarAjyano chokaro ane chatra sAlano patra hato te mA rAjyano sthApanAra hato. mA rAjAe malIbahAduranuM uparIpaNuM kabula karyuM nahi tethI khalIbahAdura ane tenI vacce sarakArI AgaLa laDAI thaI temAM kharasIMgadeva marAyo. tenI pachI teno blekarokesarImIMga gAdIe beTho. jyAre iMgrejoe budelakhaMDa kabaje karyuM| tyAre te tyAM rAjya karato hato. keMsarIsIMga I. sa. 1810 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chokaro ratanasiMga gAdIe beTho. A rAjAne I. sa. 1811 nAeprIlanI tA. 19 mIe eka sanaMda karI ApI tethI IMgreje tene tyAMnA rAjA tarIke kabula karyA, ratanasiMga I. sa, 1833 nA DIsembaramAM maraNu pAmyo. tenA pachI teno bhatrIjo lakSamaNusIMga gAdIe beTho. te 14 varasa rAjya karI I. sa. 1847 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chokaro bhAu paratAsiMga gAdIpatI thayo A hAlano rAjA che. hIja hAInesa bhAu paratAbasiMge i. sa. 1857 nA baLavA vakhate IMgrejone sArI madada karI hatI. tethI IMgreja sarakAre tene pozAka ane vaMzapura 5rAne mATe 11 topanuM mAna ApyuM. I. sa. 1862 mAM rAjAne datakanI sanada ApavAmAM AAvI. I. sa, 1866 mAM tene mahArAjAno khitAba ane phojadArI kAmamAM dehAMta daMDanI zIkSA karavAno haka maLyo. mahArAjA i. sa. 1877 nA jAnyummArInI tArIkha 1 lIe dilhImAM bAdazAhI darabAra bhA hato tyAM hAjara

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(17) thayo hato. tyAM tene savAIno khitAba maLyo. ane zenazAhI vAvaTo maLavA TharAva thayo. tA. ra9 phebruArI sane 1887 nA roja hiMdusthAnamAM mahArANI vikaTorI ane rAja karatAM purAM 50 varSa thayAM tenI khuzAlImAM jyubIlI mahesva pALavAmAM Avyo hato temAM mahArAjA bhAu paratApe sAro bhAga lI hatI ane tenI yAdagIrImAM nizALanuM makAna baMdhAvavA TharAva karyo che. hajahAInesa mahArAjA savAI bhAu paratAbasiMga bahAduranI hAla 46 varasanI ummara che ane temane je vakhate IgrejI chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhate lazkarI salAmatI ane 11 temanuM mAna maLe che A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 100 ghoDesvAra 800 pAyadaLa, 4 tapa ane 32 pa phoDanArA che. bIoNI. A eka musalamAnI rAja che ane tenA rAjakartA navAbanI 5dithI oLakhAya che. A rAjyanuM kSetraphaLa 120 corasa mAIla jamIna vastI 10000 mANasanI che ane upaja rU100000 nI thAya che. mukhya zahera kodanura che ne tyAM rAjakartA navAba rahe che. budelakhaMDamAM A ekaluMja musalamAnI rAjya che, hAlane navAba,nijAma ula mua sepha jAha je cInakIlIkhAnanA nAmathI oLakhAya che teno vaMzaja che. asaphajahAMne A ane bIjA gAmaDAM maLIne (ra) paragaNAM arADamA sekAnI Akhare pezvAe bakSisa ApyAM hatAM; A bakSisa I. sa. 1802 mAM aMgreja sarakAre kabula karI. hIjhahAIsa ajhamula umarA ImAdadadelA rasIda ulamulkasAhe bIjAha mehanasIradAra navAba mahedIhusenakhAna bahAdura phIrojajaMgane halakA darajajAnI sattA che. ane temane agIyAra topanuM mAna maLe che, navAbanI hAla pa7 varasanI ummara che ane temane mahamada husenakhAna nAmane 18 varasano eka chokaro che A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 40 ghoDesavAra, 380 pAyadaLa, 75 polIsa, 3 tepa ane 8 tepa phoDanArA che,

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(174) alIrAjapura. A rAjya mALavA prAMtanI niratyakaNa tarapha cheka nimADa jIllAmAM che tenA rAjyakartA jAtanA sIsodIyA rajapUta ane te mahArANAnI padithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare paMcamahAla jIllAnuM dAhoda pragaNuM tathA jAMbuvAnuM rAjya, IzAna koNa tarapha jAMbuvA puche je baDa tAluko agnikoNe vaDhavANInuM rAjya dakSiNe khAnadeza jIllo ane pazcime choTA udepUra tathA bArIyAnuM rAjya che. A rAjyanA tAbAmAM cerasanela jamIna tathA Azare 57000 mANasanI vastI che A rAjyamAM 312 gAma che. vArmIka upaja sumAre rU.100000 (ekalAkha) thAya che. khaMDaNI rUpIyA dasa hajAra igreija sarakAranI mAraphate dhAranA rAjAne Ape che. ane rUpIyA paMdarasenI rakama dara varase mALavAnA bhIla korpasane Ape che. dezanuM svarU 5-A rAjyanA mulakamAM vivAdrI parvatano bhAga Avelo hovAthI temAM moTA moTA DuMgara ane jhADI puSkaLa che. vastI ghaNuM karIne bhIla lekanI che. ane cheDA paracuraNa jAtanA hiMdu ane musalamAna che ane keTaleka ThekANe sapATa jamIna che. te ghaNI rasALa hovAthI temAM ghau, kapAsa, makAI, bAjarI, kALa ane zeraDI vagere nIpaje che. mukhya zahera-rAjapUra e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che temAM rAjA rahe che. A zahera dAhodathI dakSiNamAM 40 mila jAMbuvAthI nirUtya koNamAM 40 nila ane cheTA udepUrathI pUrvamAM ra5 nilane cheTe che. A rAjyamAM 5 nizALe ane eka davAkhAnuM che. ItihAsa--A rAjya koNe sthApyuM te kAMI jaNAtuM nathI. A mulaka DuMgaramAM AvyAthI mareThAnA humalAthI tene koI nukazAna thayuM nathI. mALavA aMgrejonA kabajAmAM Avyo te pahelAM rAjA paratAbasiMha tyAM rAjya karato hato. A rAjAne musAphara nAmano eka makarANI nokara hato. A nokare rAjyane mATe dAvo karatA DhegIone tAbe karI rAjA paratAbanA bharaNa pachI tenA karA jasavaMtasIMgane gAdIe besADyo ane tenA nAmathI pote amala calAvavA lAgyo. jasavaMtasiMga I. sa. 18ramAM maraNa pAmyo. teNe eka vIla karyuM hatuM tethI tenA rAjyanA tenA be chokarA vacce bhAga pADyA paNa iMgreja sarakAre te vIla kabula

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(15) karyuM nahIM ne tenA moTA chokarA gaMgadevane gAdIe besADyo gaMgadevanA chellAM varasamAM te rAjya calAvavAne azakta hovAne lIdhe ane tenA cAlu julamane lIdhe aMgreja sarakAre te rAjyane vahIvaTa potAne hAtha lIdho. gaMgadeva I. sa. 1871mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene bhAI rANe rUpadevajI gAdIe beThe te I. sa. 1881nA akaTobaranI tArIkha ra9mIe maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI teno pitrAI vajesiMga gAdIe beTho. tenI kAcI umarane lIdhe Igreja sarakAre eka nimelo divAna rA nya kArabhAra calAve che. ahIMnA rAjyakartA rAThoDa jAtanA sIsodIyA rajapUta che temane mahArANAno IlakAba che. A rAjya agAu dhAranuM khaMDIyu rAjya hatuM paNa dhAranA rAjAe I. sa. 1821mAM sarva haka Igrejane svAdhIna karyA tyArathI te aMgreja sarakAranA hAtha nIce che. A rAjyamAM 2 laDAInI tapa, 90 dhoDesvAra, 150) polIsa che. ahIMnA rAjAne halakA darajAnI sattA che tathA tene huM to panuM mAna maLe che. alIrAjapUra. A rAjya gAdInuM mukhya sthaLa che temAM 4100 mANasanI vastI che. ahIMnA rastA pahoLA ane sidhA che ane tenI bane bAjue dukAno AvI rahelI che june rAjya mahela eka suMdara makAna che. ane tyAM rAjAnA amaladAro bese che. ne tIjorI rahe che. tenI pAse eka nizALa, davAkhAnuM ane kaMdakhAnuM che bajAramAM jatAM "bAramAM Ave che. temAM rAjA rahe che A zaheramAM poSTaophIsa che. vaDhavANI. A rAjya mALavA prAMtanI nairUtya koNa tarapha cheka nImADa jIllAmAM che. tenA rAjyakartA sIsodIyA jAtanA rajaputa ane te rAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI utare dhAranuM rAjya pUrve helakara sarakArane mulaka dakSiNa tathA netya koNe khAnadeza challo ane vAvyakoNa tarapha AlIrAjapuranuM rAjya. A rAjyanuM kSetraphaLa 1792 ceramela jamIna tathA temAM 56400 mANasanI vastI che. vArmIka upaja sumAre rU.130000 (ekalAkha trIsa hajAra ) che. dezanuM svarUpa mulaka jhADI ane DuMgarothI bhareluM che. vastI ghaNuM karIne bhIla jevA ALasu jAtanA lokanI che. A rAjyanA uttara bhAgamAM vidyAdrI parvatane keTaloka bhAga

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(17) Avelo che. mukhya nadI narmadA che te ghaNuM karIne uttara taraphanA bhAgamAM pUrvathI te pazcima tarapha vahe che. jamIna DuMgara tathA jhADIvALI heyo koI koI kANe sapATa che ane temAM ghauM, makAI, bAjarI ghaDI, DAMgara, kadAra, ane zeraDI vagere nIpaje che. ahIMnI jhADImAM sAga puSkaLa thAya che. lokamAM mukhya bhAga bhIla ane bAkInA paracukaNa hiMdu tathA mUsalabhAna che. mukhya zahera-vaDhavANI e rAjadhAnInuM zahera e narmadA nadInI dakSiNamAM che temAM rAjA rahe che e zahera vinA relave sTezanathI ne. ratyakoNamAM 75 mila ane jhAbuvAthI agnakoNamAM 40 milane cheTe che. ItihAsa-ahIMnA rAjyakartA udepuranA rAjAonA kuTuMbIo che ane teo jAte sIsodIyA rajaputa che ane teo tenAthI 14 mA mekAmAM judA paDyA hatA. temano asalano ItihAsa jaNAelo nathI. paNa teo prathama narmadA kAMThe AvI vasyA. hAlanA rAjAne 15 me vaDIla pArAsarAma mALavAmAM bAdazAhI lazkara AvatuM hatuM tenI sAme thayo. temAM te keda pakaDAyo ane dilhI mokalI dI; paNa musalamAna thavAnI sarite tene tenuM rAjya pAchuM meMpavAmAM AvyuM. tyAM te pAchA AvyA pachI pote potAnuM rAjya potAnA chokarA bhImadevane sepyuM. teNe potAnA bApanA muDadA upara kabara caNAvI. te hAla AsagaDha AgaLa mAlama paDe che. I. sa. 1890 mAM tyAMno rAjA jasavaMtasIMga azakta hevAne lIdhe te rAjya aMgreja sarakAre potAnA hAtha nIce lIdhuM ane te I. sa. 1873 sudhI rahyuM. jasavaMtasiMga I. sa. 1880 mAM maraNa pAme. tenI pachI teno bhAI indrajIta gAdIe beThe te hAlano rAjA che. A rAjya aMgreja sarakArane khaMDaNI bharatuM nathI paNa 24000 (hAlI) dara varase mALavAnA bhIla korsane Ape che. rAjyakartAne che topanuM mAna mabe che ane rAjAno khitAba che. vaDhavANI e rAjadhAnuM zahera narmadA nadInA DAbA kAMThAthI be bhAIbane cheTe che. tenI AsapAsa koTa che tenI pAchaLa khINa che. vastI 5000 mANasanI che. zaherathI pAMca mAIlane cheTe che bAvana gajanI TekarI upara keTalAMka jaina devaLa che ane tyAM jAnevArI mahinAmAM meLo bharAya che. -

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(177) khIlacIpura. A rAjya madhya hiMdusthAnamAM bhopALa ejansImAM eka dezI rAjya che, ane te siMdhio sarakAranuM khaMDIyuM che. ahinA rAjakartA khIlacI rajaputa che; ane te rAvanI padithI oLakhAya che. vistAra 273 corasa mAIla che. vastI 36000 mANasanI che; temAM 33000 hiMdu ane bIjA musalamAna che. A rAjamAM 269 gAma che. upaja 3175000ne Azare che temAMthI 313160 hAlI rUpIA sidhio sarakArane khaMDaNInA Ape che. hIjhahAInesa rAva amarazaMga bahAdura jAte khIlacI' rajaputa che ane te hAlanA rAjakartA che. A rAvane I. sa. 1873mAM rAva bahAdurano kitAba maLyo hato. temanI ummara hAla 54 varasanI che, temane halakA darajjAnI sattA che tathA nava topanuM mAna maLe che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 40 ghoDesvAra ane 200 pAyadaLa che. khIlacIpura e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane te kALI nadI upara AveluM che zaheranI AsapAsano mulaka jaMgalathI bharelo che; vastI Azare 5000 mANasanI che A zahera rAjagaDhathI IzAna koNamAM 7mAIla che ne tyAMthI jAvarA paTTaNa sudhI saDaka che. beradA. A eka buMdelakhaMDamAM nAnuM rAjya che. ane te pAthara kucAranuM rAjya paNa kahevAya che. A rAjanuM kSetraphaLa 234 corasa mAIla jamIna che ane temAM 66 gAma che. vastI 17200 mANasanI che, temAM 16000 hiMdu ane bAkInA musalamAna ane bIjI asalI jAte che. upaja rU.28000nI thAya che. ahinA rAjakta radhuvaMzI rajaputa che, I.sa. 1807 mAM mohanasIMgane eka sanaMda karI ApI tethI Igrejoe tenA mulakanuM rakSaNa karavA kabula karyuM. mohanazIMga I. sa. 1927mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI sarabajatazIMga gAdIe beTho. te I. sa. 1867mAM maraNa pA khyo ane tenI pachI teno chokaro chatrapAlazIMga gAdIe beTho. chatrapAla sAta varasa rAja karI I. sa. 1874mAM maraNa pAmyo; tenI pachI teno

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(178) kAko ragavIra dayALa zIga gAdIe beThe, ane te hAlana rAjA che. te I. sa. 1877nA jAnyuArInI tA. 1 e dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM gayo hato. ane tyAM tene rAjA bahAdurano khitAba maLyo hato. - hIjhahAyanesa rAjA raghuvIra dayAlazIMga bahAdura hAla 49 varasanI ummare che ane temane nava topanuM mAna maLe che. rAjAne halakA darajA nI sattA che, ahinA rAjAne dattakanI sanada maLelI che. A rAjanA lazkaramAM ra0 ghoDesvAra 170 pAyadaLa ane polIsa ane traNa topa che. - bedA-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM rAjA rahe che, vastI Azare 2500 mANasanI che. nAgeda. A rAjya rajapUta rAjAnA tAbAmAM che ane te budelakhaMDanA ghaNuM karIne agnikoNa taraphanA bhAgamAM pannAnA rAjanI dakSiNamAM che. sImA A rAjyanI IzAna koNe sohAvala ane revAnAM rAjya, pUrva revA, agnikoNe mihIra ane pazcime pannAnuM rAjya che. A rAjyanA tAbAmAM 450 corasamala jamIna tathA temAM Azare 80000 mANasanI vastI che, temAM 68000 hiMdu ane ra8000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa loko che. vArasIka upaja rU 150000 (doDhalAkha)ne Azare thAya che jemAMthI 70000 jAgIra ane dharmanA kAmamAM jAya che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka ghaNuM karIne DuMgarI che to paNa pANInI AvadAnI sArI hovAthI jamIna rasALa che. temAM ghauM bAjarI juvAra, kaThoLa, kapAsa, zeraDI, tala ane gaLI vagere nipaje che. loka-rajaputa, caMdelI, uMdelI, AhIra mareThA ane gujara vagere che. mukhya zahera nAgoda e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che temAM rAjakartA rahe che. ItihAsa-nAgoda agAu pannAnuM khaMDIyuM rAja hatuM. A rAja budelakhaMDamAM chatrasAlano amala thayo te pahelAM lAlasIvarAjanA purIhara vaDIlonA kabajAmAM hatuM, ane temanI pAsethI budelA rAjAothI ane thavA alIbahArathI te mulaka levAyo nahoto. lAlasIvarAjane pahelavahelAM I. sa. 1809 mAM aMgrejoe sanada karI ApI. A sanadathI aMgrejoe tene tenA mulakanA rAjA tarIke kabula karyo. te I. sa. 1818 mAM maraNa

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(17) pAmyo. tenI pachI tene kuMvara balabahAdurasIMga gAdIe beThe. teNe potAnA bhAIne mArI nAMkhyo tethI I. sa. 1831 mAM tene padabhraSTa karavAmAM Avyo. balabahAdurasIMga pachI teno chokaro ragubIMdasIMga gAdIe beThA, paNa te kAcI umarano hato tethI rAjakArabhAra Igreja sarakAre calAvavA mAMDayo. jyAre I. sa. 1838 mAM te pukha umarano thayo tyAre tene jejano kula adhikAra saMpavAmAM Avyo paNa te thoDA vakhatamAM bhAre devAdAra thaI paDyo te devAmAMthI mukta thavAne I. sa. 1844mAM tene rAjavahivaTa igrejane soMpyo. rAjAe I.sa. 1857nA baLavA vakhate IgrenI kImatI sevA bajAvI tethI tene keTalAka mulaka, dattakanI sanaMda ane 8 topanuM mAna maLavAne TharAva thayo. I. sa. 1865 mAM rAjyano vahIvaTa pharIthI rAjAne svAdhIna karavAmAM Avyo. rAjA gubIMdazIMga I. sa. 1874 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chokaro jabadasIMga gAdIe beTho tehAlano rAjA che ane te jAte purIhara rajaputa che. rAjAnI umara hAla 34 varasanI che. temane 1877 nA jAnevArInI pahelI tArIkhe dillImAM 9 temanuM mAna maLyuM hatuM. hIjhahAinesa rAjA jasubIMdasIMga bahAdurane halakA darajAnI sattA che A rAjanA lazkaramAM be topa ane 116 pAyadaLa ane polIsa che. nAda e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che vastI 4800 mANasanI che te sattanAthI navagaMganA rastA upara satanAthI 17 mila ane navagaMgathI 84 mela che. mahIra. maihIra e budelakhaMDamAM eka dezI rAjaya che tenA rAjakatA rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che tathA teo jegI jAtanA hiMdu che. sImAA rAjayanI utare nAdanuM rAjya, pUrva revAnuM rAjya, dakSiNe igrejI jabalapora ane pazcime ajayagaDha che. vistAra - A rAjyanuM kSetraphaLa 400 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTaluM che tathA temAM 1 zahera ane ane 18ra gAma che. vastI Azare 72000 mANasanI che, temAM pa4000 hiMdu, 2000 musalamAna, 10000 asalI jAtanA loka ane bIjA paracuraNa che. upaja rU71000 ne Azare thAya che. relave-pUrva taraphanI jabalapura ane alhAbAdanI relave lAIna A rAjyamAM thaIne jAya che.

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(18). ItihAsa-A rAjaya agAu revAnA rAjyane tAbe hatuM; paNa Igreno budelakhaMDamAM paga peThe te pahelAM ghaNAM varasathI te pannAnA budelA rAjAne tAbe hatuM. pannAnA rAjAe A mulaka ThAkora durjanasIMganA bApane tenI sArI karIne mATe bakSisa Apyo hato. jyAre igrejoe budelakhaMDano kabaje lIve tyAre temaNe tene tenA rAjyanA saradAra tarIke kabula karyo I. sa. 1806. I. sa. 1814 mAM tene eka sanada karI ApI. jyAre I. sa. 18ra6 mAM durjanazIMga marI gayo tyAre tenA be chIkarAe gAdIne mATe takarAra karI ane hathI Ara pakaDyAM. AthI IMgreja sarakAre vacce paDI te mulaka banne bhAIne vaheMcI ApI temane zAMta pADyA. A be bhAImAMne bIsanazIMgane nahIra ane prAgadAsane bIjarAgagaDha maLyo. I. sa. 1857nA baLavA vakhate prAgadAsanA chokarA surajaprasAde - baLavo karyo tethI aMgreja sarakAre teno mulaka khAlasA karyo. I. sa. 1858 I. sa. 1848 mAM bIyanazIMga rAjya calAvavAne azakta hovAthI rAjyakArabhAraIgrejoe potAne hAtha lI. basanazIMga I. sa. 1850 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chokaro mohanaprasAda gAdIe be. te paNa i. sa. 185ra mAM maraNa pAmyo tethI teno chokaro rAjA radhabIrazIMga gAdIe beThe. te hAlano rAjA che ane te jAte jogI che radhabIrazIge AgrAnI kolejamAM abhyAsa karyo che. temanI umara hAla 39 varasanI che ane temane halakA darajAnI sattA che. rAjA raghabarazIge nAku kADhI nAkhyuM ane relavene mATe jamIna ApI tethI tA. 1 lI jAnevArI sane 1877 nA roja dilhImAM je pAdazAhI darabAra bhayo hato tyAM temane rAjAno khitAba ane 9 tenuM mAna maLyuM. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 7 tapa ane 88 pAyadaLa ane polIsa che. mahAra-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM 6500 mANasanI vastI che temAM 5300 hiMdu 1100 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa leka che. maihIra e relave sTezana che ane te jabalapurathI 97 mAIla ane re. vAthI 40 mAIla che. zaheranI aMdara eka killo che temAM rAjA rahe che. A killo 16 mA saikAmAM bAMdhavAmAM Avyo hato. A zaheramAMnizALa, davAkhAnuM ane posTa ophIsa che.

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muMbAIlAko.

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat mubAI IlAkA (gujarAta sivAya) tAbAnAM dezI rAjyanAM nAma; rAjakartAnAM nAma, khitAba, umara, jAta, kula jamInanuM kSetraphaLa, vastI, vArasika upajane sumAre AMkaDo, briTiza sarakAra taraphathI maLatAM temanAM mAna ane gAmanI saMkhyA 2 rAjyanuM nAma. rAjakartAnuM nAma, khitAba. umara. to panAM jAta. | kSetraphaLa. vastI. upaja. mAna. gAma. (82 ) kaccha 897 www.umaragyanbhandar.com kAlahApura zAhu mahArAjA 13 mareThA 2816 800000 2220000 19 106 be gArajI mahArAva 22 caMdravaMzI jADe ja rajapUta. | 0 512000 1100000 17. kherapura mIraalI murAda- | | | balucI musa- | khAna khAna 74 | lamAna. 109 130000 57250015 4 sAMvatavADI radhunAtha saradesAI 23 mareThA, 900 175000 3250008 jajIrA ahamadakhAna navAba musalamAna. | 325 | 75000 376009 226 26

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( 123) kAlhApura. kAlhApuranA rAjA e suryavaMzI mareThA che tathA te 'mahArAjAnI' padivathI oLakhAya che. sImA--mA rAjya dakSiNa mahArASTa dezamAM che. tenI uttare varanA nadI AvelI che ane tethI te satArAnA mulakathI judo paDeche. IzAna koNe kriznA nadI mAvelI che tethI te saMgalI, mIraja ane kurdavADathI judo paDeche. purve tathA dakSiNe khelagAma chaThTho ane pazcime siMhAdri parvata che tethI te sAvatavADInAM rAjya tathA ratnAgIrIthI judo paDe che. A rAjyanA vistAra 2816 corasamAila jamInaneA che ane temAM pAMca zahera ane 1056 gAma che. vastI Azare 800000 (AThalAkha) Azare thAyache. mANasanI che. vArasika pedAsa 2220000 (khAvIsa lAkha vIsahAjArane) dezanuM svarUpa--deza pahADI ane jaMgalAthI bharelo che. DuMgarano ghATa che te ghATane mathALethI purva tarapha deza utaratA jAyache. purva tara*no bhAga jarA khullo che. nadIo--kraznA e mahAbaLezvaranA DuMgaramAMthI nIkaLI agni koNa tarapha satArA chaThTho ane gmA rAjyanA izAnakoNanA bhAgamAM vahIne agADI khelagAma jIllAmAM thaI tyAMthI solApura ane dhAravADa e chaThThAenI sarahada karI tyAMthI hedarAkhAda (niAma)nA mulakamAM praveza karI agADI madrAsa ilAkAnA purva kinAre khagALAnA upasAgarane maLeche. kruSNA nadI e kolhApuranuM rAjya ane mahArASTra dezanI jAgIrAnI vacalI sImAe che. 2 vAraNA e nadI pazcimanA moTA ghATamAMthI nIkaLI sAMgalI pAse kRSNAne maLeche. vAraNA e mA rAjya tathA satArA jIllAnI vacalI sImA upara che. sivAyanI khIjI aneka nAnI nadI dhAranI oLanA DuMgaromAMthI nIkaLI purva tarapha upalI nadIone maLeche. havA. sukhadAyaka eTale nirogI che. varasAda dhaNA anete nairUtyakoNa taraphathI varase che. jamIna tathA nipaja--nadImAnA kAMThAnI jamIna dhaNIrasALa ane e zivAyanI sAdhAraNa che. nipajamAM mukhya karIne juvAra, DAMgara, zuMraDI, tamAku, kapAsa, maracAM kasukhe ane tamAma AtanAM kuMDALa thAyache.

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(18) janAvara--ghaNuMkharUM DuMgaranI kheya ane vadhAre jhADIvALA bhAgamAM vAva vigere aneka jAtanAM jaMgalI janAvaro hoya che. leka tathA bhASA-ghaNuM karIne be jAtanA che. mareThA ane rAzI che. bhASa mareThI che paNa cothA bhAganA loka kAnaDI bolI bole che. relaveA rAjyanA mulakamAM relave nathI paNa punAthI satAsa pelI tarapha kolhApura, belagAma dhAravADa ane hubaLI vagere prasiddha chehere upara thaIne begalora sudhInI lAIna vadhAravA TharAva thaI cukyo che. hAlamAM kolhApurathI najIkamAM najIkanuM relave sTezana purva dizAe A zare 100 mAIla cheTe vijApuranuM che. | mukhya zahera- kolhApura e A dezanI rAjadhAnInuM killAvALuM zahera che. e A dezanA uttara bhAgamAM che temAM mahArAjAnA mahela che. ahI eka polITIkala ejaMTa ane tenI chAvaNuM che. sivAya. panALA Alate, malakApura, zarUla, bAvaDa, kAgala, bhUdaragaDha, gaDhaIgalAja, IcaLakaraMjI ane te rIgala e prasiddha zahero che kolhApura tAbAmAM Azare 14 jAgIra che jemAM nI vizALagaDha kAgala bAvaDA, IcaLa karaMjI ane teragala e mukhya che. dattakanI sanada-kolhApurane mATe je pachADI putra vArasa na hoyate vagara najarANAM Ave hiMdu zAstra pramANe dataka levAnI sanada maLI che. vaLI pAdazAhI vAvaTe nAmadAra "kasare hiMda" taraphathI maLyo che. yuddha sAmagrI. A rAjyanI lazkarI paddhati IMglAMDamAM junA vakhatamAM cAlatI phajDala dhArAne lagatI che. rAjya lazkaramAM 1502 pedaLa 154 svAra ane ra58 tapa rAkhavAnI sattA che. ItihAsa-dakSiNamAM mareThI rAjyanI sthApanA karanAra prakhyAta zIvAjIrAvanA vaMzamAMnI nAnI zAkhAmAMnA kolhApuranA rAjakartA che. vaDIzAkhA satArAmAM rAjya karatI hatI. e vaMzamAM I. sa. 184 mAM satArAnuM rAjya bIna vArasIyu thavAthI aMgreja sarakAre tene khAlasA karyuM. mevADanA rANe ajayasiMha ke je I. sa.nA teramA saikAnAM pAchalAM varase ane cadamAnI zarUAtamAM citoDamAM rAjya karate hato. tene be kuMvara hatA. rANAne koI muja nAmanA duzmana sAthe laDAImAM utaravuM paDayuM hatuM. paraMtu tene harAvIne nasADI mukyo hato. e vakhata

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(185) rANAe potAnA banne kuMvarone kahyuM ke tame mujanI pachADI jaI mAtha kApI lAvo to mArA kuMvara kharA. muja pachADI javA bannenI hiMmata cAlI nahi paNa rANAno bhatrIjo hamIra gayo tathA te mAthu kApI lAvyo. A vakhata rANAe potAnA baMne kuMvarone halakAM vacana kahyAM tethI tene mAMno eka ApaghAta karIne muo ane bIje DuMgarapura jato rahyo. A bIjAnA vaMzamAM teramA purUSa sujanasiMhe DuMgarapura che ane te dakSiNamAM bijApUra gayo ne tyAMnA rAjAnI nokarImAM rahyo ane sArI nokarI kIdhI tenA badalAmAM tene 84 gAmanuM mAdhala pragaNuM ane rAjAno khitAba maLyo. sujanasiMhanA 4 putra hatA jemAMnA sauthI nAnA sagAjI thayA. sagAjIno eka bhesAjI nAmano putra hato. e bhesAjInA vaza bhAMzalA kuLathI oLakhAya che. bhoMsAne 10 putra hatA temAMnA vaDAne zAhajI nAmanA putra hatA. zAhajI I. sa. 1634ne sumAre ahamada nagara ane bijApuranA musalamAna rAjAonA pakSa pakaDI mogala pAdazAha sAthe laDAio laDyA. zAhajIne zivAjI nAmano prakhyAta putra I. sa. 1927mAM janamyo hato. jyAre zAhajI maraNa pAmyo tyAre zivAjI potAnA pitAnI jAgIrano mAlIka thayo tathA te bijApuranA musalamAna rAjAnA lazkaranI eka ToLInA nAyaka thayA. chaLabheda, dharmadhapaNuM, bahAdurI ane tevA bIjA asaMkhya guNone lIdhe zivAjIe mareThAne dakSiNa hiMdamAM AgaLa pADyA. zivAjI pote DuMgarI killAomAM rahI vakhatevakhata tyAMthI utarI AsapAsanA dezomAM luTa tathA humalA karato. tenA lazkaramAM hiMdu svAro hatA jeo khetInA dhaMdhAthI 5ravAratA te vakhata zivAjIne AvI maLatA hatA. sivAjInA lazkaramAM hajAro loka bhegA thayA hatA. ociMtA humalA karI potAnA duzmano pAsethI luMTa tathA khaMDaNI letA hatA. potAnA lazkaranA pagArane peTe leTamAMthI bhAga ApatA hatA tathA pote laDAInA vakhatanI bahAra pitAnA DuMgarI killAomAM jaIne ArAma letA hatA. bijApuranA rAjAne I. sa. 1959mAM ekAMta jagAmAM bolAvI dagAthI teno ghAta karyo ane tenA lazkara upara ocIMto humalo karI teno ghANa kahADI nAMkhyo. I. sa. 1964mAM mahArAja evI padavI dhAraNa karI potAnA nAmanA sikkA pADavA mAMDyA i. sa. 1965mAM bijApuranA musalamAna rAjA sAma 24

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(156) laDavAmAM temaNe dilhInA pAdazAha mArgajemanA sainyane madada JApI. I. sa. 1666mAM pAdazAhe tene dilhI bolAvI najara kuda karyA. zivAjI yuktithI nAThA. te dakSiNamAM gayA ane pAdazAhanA mulakamAM khaMDa uThAvyuM. pote mogalAI rAjyanA paga bhAgyA ane I. sa. 1674mAM rAyagaDhamAM moTA ThADamAThathI gAdIe beThA. tA. 5 mI eprila sane 1680 nA roja 53 varasanI umare mahArAjA zivAjI rAyagaDhamAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI temanA putra zaMbhAjI gAdIe kheDA. I. sa. 1994 mAM aura gajekha pAdazAhe temane tathA temanA vaDA putra zAhune pakaDyA. pAdazAhe zaMbhAjIne bahu nirdayatAthI mAyA ane zAhune potAnI zAhajAdInA kabajA nIce kedamAM rAkhyo. zAhajAdIe A putranuM muLa nAma zIvAjI hatuM te badalI zAhu" evuM pADayuM. have zAhu kedamAM hovAthI maraeNThA mahArAjA za'bhAjInI gAdIe I. sa. 1695 mAM temanA bIjA putra rAjArAma kheThA. rAjArAma I, sa. 1698 nA juna mAsamAM maraNa pAmyA. temane zIvAjI ane zabhAjI e nAmanA be putra hatA. pehelAnI mAnu nAma tArAbAI ane bIjAnI mAnuM nAma rAjesabAI hatuM. rAjArAma pachI zIvAjI gAdIe beThA paNa te I. sa. 1703 mAM gAMDA thavAthI temanI mA tArAkhAie teja sAlalAM temane padabhraSTa karI pote I. sa. 1707 sudhI rAjya karyuM. esAla mAM smAra gajeba maraNa pAmyo ane zAhu kedamAMthI chUTayo tathA te potAnA pItA zabhAjInI gAdIe besavA rAyagaDha bhAvyA. tArAbAI temanA sAme thaI ane gAdIpara besatA aTakAvyA eTale zAhumme I. sa. 1708 mAM potAnuM raheThANa satArAmAM karyuM. I. sa. 1712 mAM gAMDo rAjA zivAjI maraNa pAmyo tethI tArAbAinA hAramAI putra zabAjIe teNInI sattA laI lIdhI. zAhu mane zabhAjI kAko bhatrIjo thatA hatA. e mane jaNa potAnA vaDIlonA rAjyane mATe dAvedAra hatA temanA vacce gAdI mATe takarAro cAlI paNa I. sa. 1730 sudhI kaMI paNa pheraphAra thayo nahi. eja sAlamAM temanA kuTuMbIonI madadathI zAhue saMbhAjI upara humalA karyA tathA temane harAvyA. AA hArathI saMbhAjIe i. sa. 1731 mAM mAkhA mareThA deza, kolhApura ane tenA tAbAnAM uparanAM pragaNAM uparano zAhuno haka kabula karyo paraMtu kolhApura tathA tenA tAbAnAM pragaNAM saM

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(157) bhAjInA dukhAmAM kAyama rAkhyAM hatAM. A vakhata rAyagaDhanI gAdIe zAhu ane kolhApuranI gAdIe zabhAjI beThA te vakhatathI e be rAjya judAM paDyAM. zAhue rAyagaDhane badale satArAne potAnI sajadhAnInuM nagara TharAvyuM, zAhu ane zaMbhAjI vacce laDAiAmAM bAlAjIvizvanAtha nAmanA brAhmaNe zAhane sArI madada mApelI tenA badalAmAM tene pezvAnA padavI maLI, kolhApuranA muLa purUSa zaMbhAjI che. . 1760 mAM putra vagara maraNa pAmyA tethI temanI vidhavAe je bhAMsAjI nAma uparathI e kuTuMbanA jAtI bhoMsalA prakhyAta thaI hatI tenI dazamI zAkhA khAnavATAne nAme oLakhAtI hatI. te kuTuMbamAMnA zivAjIne datta leI kolhApuranI gAdIe besADyA. zivAjInI choTI umara hatI tethI saMbhA *zAhurAjAnA vakhatathI tenA rAjyamAM pezvA pradhAnano kAbu vadhI. paDyo hato. I. sa. 1948 mAM zAhu sajAnA macchu pachI satArAnI gAdIe pezvA bAlAjI (bIjA) e te kuTuMbamAMnA ( zivAjIrAya bIjAnA putra) rAmarAjAne khesADyo, pezvAe satArAnI aAsapAsano keTaloka mulaka tenI pAse rahevA do, ane bAkIno mulaka pote kabajAmAM laI punAmAM judI rAjyagAdI sthApI, navo pezvA gAdIe bese tene pezvAnI pAghaDI khaMdhAvavAnuM kAma mAtra rAjAnA hAthamAM rahevA dIdhuM. satArAnI gAdIe rAmarAjA pachI zAhu (bIjo)beTho. paNa khAjIrAva pezvAe i. sa. 1801 mAM zAhu pAsethI satArA chInavI lIdhuM, ane tene mane tenA be putra bALA sAheba (pratApasiMga) ane ApAsAhebane keda karyuM. zAhu kadamAM bharaNu pAmyo. IMgreja sarakAre pezvAnuM punAnuM rAjya I. sa. 1818 mAM chelA bAjIrAva pezvA pAsethI jItI lIdhuM. te vakhata bALAsAhebane tenA bApanI satArAnI gAdIe khesADI tene keTaloka mulaka sAMpyo. sane 1837 mAM mAM IMgreja sarakArane tenA upara kriturano vahema AvavAthI tene uThADI tenA bhAI JApA sAhebane gAdI AApta. sane 1848 mAM ASAsAheba aputra maraNa pAmyA eTale IMgreja sarakAre satArAnuM rAjya khAlasA karyuM, ane mApAsAhebanA dataputra rAjArAmane rU50000 ( pacAsahajAra ) nuM penasana bAMdhI ApyuM. upara pramANe mevADanA rANAjInA vaMzaja zivAjIe mareThI rAjya sthApyuM te tenA vaMzajo pachavADethI khoI kheThA, hAla je kolhApuranA mahArAjA che te zivAjInA vaMzanI nAnI zAkhA che.

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(100) jInI vidhavA rANIe rAjakArabhAra pote calAvyo. A bAI jevI bahAdura tevI nirdaya hatI. teNe potAnI riyatane jamIna upara tathA dariAI luTa (cAMcIyApaNa) karavA khullI rIte paravAnagI ApI. jamIna uparanI luMTa AsapAsanA mulakamAM ane dariAI luTamAM ghaNuM karIne muMbAI taraphanI aMgrejI taiyatanAM vahANa lUTatA hatA. A dariAI luMTa aTakAvavAne mATe Igrejoe I. sa. 1765 mAM mAlavaNano killo ke je kolahApuranA tAbAmAM hato tenA upara caDhAI karI tathA tene kabaje karyo. AthI kolhApuranI rANIe dariAI lUTa aTakAvavA tathA aMgrejonI salAha pramANe cAlavA kabula karyuM aMgrejone A caDhAI veLA je kharaca thayuM hatuM tenA badalAmAM rU750000 (sADAsAta lAkha) rANIe ApavA kabula karyA tathA Igreja sarakArane kahApuranI hadamAM dariAI kinAre vepAranI koThIo bAMdhavA kabUlAta ApI. zivAya aMgrejone kolhApuranA mulakamAM kApaDa lAvavAM tathA vecavAM ane tyAMthI paradeza mekalavAnI jarUra paDe to te upara kaMI paNa jakAta levI nahiM. dariAI lUTa baMdha karavI ane dareka bAbatamAM aMgrejo sAthe salAhathI cAlavuM vigere sarate kabUla karI. A bAbata kabulAta thayA pachI mAlavANane killo pALe sepyo. rANIe jo ke upara pramANe karAra karyA paNa temane eka paNa pALyo nahi. dariAI ane jamIna uparanI luMTa rANI I. sa. 1772 mAM maraNa pAmI tyAMsudhI cAlu rahI. zivAjIe rAjyano adhikAra potAnA hAthamAM lIdho paraMtu riyata kAbumAM rahI nahi ane tethI te marajI pramANe lUTaphATa karavA mAMDI. rAjAne cAre bAjunA duzmanoe gherI lIdhA hatA. pezvAe kolhApUra upara caDAI karI ane keTalAeka deza jItI lIdho je hAla paTavaradhanane kuTuMbanA kabajAmAM che. kohahApuranuM rAjya duzmanothI gherAyAne lIdhe ghaNI kharAba sthItimAM AvI gayuM hatuM. paraMtu pachavADethI pezvAe vacce paDI ghaNI jAtanI madada karI teno bacAva karyo. zivAjIe potAnA paDozI rAjya sAvaMtavADI sAthe laDAInuM kAma AvyuM. A laDAI 23 varasa sudhI cAlI. ane tethI kolhApura tathA sAtavADInAM rAjya ujaDa jevAM thaI gayAM ane luMTaphATanuM jora atizaya vadhI paDyuM. A kAraNathI i. sa. 1792mAM aMgrejoe phera

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(100) caDAI karI. paraMtu eTalAmAM rAjA zivAjIe eka kabulAta lakhI ApI jemAM ema TharyuM ke mAlavANa ane kolhApuramAM aMgrejone koThIo bAMdhavA devI ane jakAta bIlakula levI nahi. kolhApuranuM rAjya cheka pAyamAla thavAne vakhata najIka Avyo hato paNa aMgrejoe koThIo bAMdhavAthI vakhatevakhata madada maLI ane tethI rAjyano bacAva thayo. I. sa. 181ranA okaTobara mAsamAM kolhApura ane napANInA rAjya vacce laDAI saLagI tethI aMgrejone vacce paDavAnI jarUra paDI ane tethI ja baMne rAjyanI kharAbI thavAnI hatI tene aTakAva thayo. paNa A vakhata rAjAe malavANa baMdara Igrejone svAdhIna karavuM paDavuM eTaluM ja nahi paNa temaNe IgrejonA uparIpaNAnA rakSaNa nIce rahevA kabula karyuM. eja sAlamAM zivAjIrAva maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI vaDA putra zaMbhAjI bIjA gAdIe beThA. - zaMbhAjIne ghaNA loko AbA sAhebanA nAmathI oLakhatA hatA. A rAjAnA vakhatamAM eTale I. sa. 1818mAM aMgrejoe bAjIrAvane padabhraSTa karI punAnuM rAjya khAlasA karyuM. A vakhata aMgrejo ane bAjIrAva pezvA vacce je laDAIo thaI temAM zaMbhAjIe aMgrejono pakSa pakaDo hate. ema kahevAya che ke A vakhata zaMbhAjI aMgrejonA kharA bhoMsAdAra desta thaI paDyA hatA. AnA badalAmAM aMgrejoe cIkolI ane menolInAM pragaNuM temane bakSisa ApyAM hatAM. zaMbhAjInA vakhatamAM kohA purano rAjakArabhAra ghaNA sudhArA para Avyo. kolhApuranA rAjya taraphathI je jAgI ApavAmAM AvelI te pikImAMnI eka mAhItI kuTuMbanI strI sAjIbAIne ApelI jAgIra japta karavA zaMbhAjIe vicAra karyo. te uparathI e mAhitI kuTuMbano jAgIradAra rAjAne dhamakAvavA tathA vera vALavA kolhApura Avyo. te sane 1821nA julAI mAsamAM mihelamAM peThe ane rAjA zaMbhAjI sutA" hatA temane baMdukanI goLI mArI prANa lI. saMbhAjIe pachavADe eka putra mukyo hato je bIje varase eTale sane 18ramAM maraNa pAmyo. pachI rAjA zIvAjInA bIjA putra sAhajI uraphe bAvA sAheba gAdIe beThA. zAhajIne potAnA vaDA bhAI zaMbhAjIne pelA saradAre baMdukanI goLI mArIne mArI nAMkhyo tethI kaMI khoTuM lAgyuM nahi. zAhajI buddhihINa ane

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(190) julamI tathA 5sAne lobhI temaja uDAu hato. e rAjAnA salAhakAro paNa kharAba hatA. I. sa. 1824mAM kItura je belagAma jIllAnuM eka gAma hatuM tyAM eka moTuM baMDa uThavuM. e baMDa eTalA sudhI vadhI paDyuM ke je baMDakhorone tAbe karavAmAM turatAturata IlAja levAmAM na AvyA hota te belagAmane paNa jItI lIdhuM hatuM. e vakhata dakSiNa hiMdusthAnamAM evI buma uThI hatI ke aMgrejo ane brahmAnA rAjA vacce laDAI cAle che. brahmAnI laDAI ane kIturanuM baMDa e baMnenI zAhajIne khabara paDI eTale temanuM mana Igrejo sAme laDAI karavAne temanA salAhakAronI zIkhavaNIthI uzkerAyuM. rAjA zAhajIe 5000 pedala, 1000 svAra ane 7 tepa sAthe potAnI rAjadhAnI choDI. A vakhate temaNe evI vAta bahAra pADI hatI ke ame sAvaMtavADI sAthe duzmanAvaTa hovAthI tene jItavA jaIe chIe. aMgrejoe kahyuM ke ame vacce paDI samAdhAna karI ApIe paNa rAjAe te upara kaMI lakSa ApyuM nahi. rAjAe kAgaLanI jAgIra ane tene killo jItavA mATe tyAM jaI killA pachADI vero ghAlyo. ahIno mAlIka hiMdurAva nAmano eka jAgIradAra hato ane te siMdhiyAno sago hato. e jAgIra ane killo hiMdu rAvanA bApane siMdhiyAe bakSisa Apyo hato. te upara kaMI paNa lakSa nahi ApatAM rAjAe killo jItI lIdhuM ane tyAMthI parabhAryA - tArAnI sarahada tarapha caDAI karI. A caDhAIne hetu evo hato ke satArA ke jyAM potAnI vADI zAkhA hatI tyAMnA pratApasiMha (bAvA sAheba) ne kabaje karavo. A kAraNathI aMgrejone vacce paDavAnI jarUra paDI. A samaya evo bArIka thaI paDyo hato ke aMgrejo eka minITa paNa vadhAre vAra lagADe che tethI aMgrejI rAjyane ghaNuM nukazAna hatuM tethI ta:takAlIka upAya kIdhA. I. sa. 1825 mAM IgrejI phoja kolhApUra upara caDhI. A vakhata rAjA zAhajIe aMgrejo sAthe salAha karavA marajI batAvI zaraNa thayA. aMgreja sarakAranI maMjurI vagara koI paNa rAjakIya kAma karavuM nahi. tathAviMdarAvanI jAgIra tenA kabajAmAM pAchI soMpavI. vaLI potAnI phojanAM mANaso ochAM karavAM ane baMDakhora vigere lokone Azraya Apavo nahi evI zarate kabula karI. thoDA divasa pachI zAhajI pune gayA tathA nAmadAra muMbAI sarakArane araja karI ke meM upara batAvelA karAze lakhI ApyA che paNa te

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(191) mAre kabula rAkhavA nathI. sarakAre temanI araja kabula nahi rAkhavAthI nirAza thaI pAchA kolhApUra AvyA. pAchA AvatAM rastAmAM gAmaDAM luTayAM ane IMgreja amaladArone ema batAvyuM ke e vakhata pote punA mAM hatA. aMgreja sarakAra temane mATe dilagIra thaI ane rAjAnuM mana sthIra nathI paNa te gAMDA jevA che ema jaNAyuM. - zAhajIe kolhApura AvyA pachI TharAva pramANe potAnI phoja ghaTADavAne badale vadhArI. vaLI IgrejI hadanI jAgIradAronA upara bhAre julama kIdhA eTaluM ja nahi paNa AjubAjunA bIjA je rAjakartAo hatA temanI upara paNa julama karavA mAMDyo. AthI IgrejI phoja pherakolhApura upara caDhI AvI. A vakhate paNa rAjA zaraNu thayo ane nIce mujaba zarato karI. 800 dila tathA 400 svAra karatAM vadhAre mANasanI phoja nahi rAkhavA baMdhAyA. paraMtu bIjA killAo upara rIta sara killedArI rAkhavAne chuTa maLI hatI. I. sa. 1817nI sAlamAM rAjA zAhajInA bhAIne tenI sArI vartaNukane lIdhe gAmo ApavAmAM AvyAM hatAM te pAchAM laI lIdhAM hatAM te tathA Aju bAjunA jAgIradAronAM je gAma laI levAmAM AvyA hatAM te jemAM tene pAchAM soMpavAM tathA aMgrejone puchayA sivAya te loka upara kaMI paNa dAba batAvavo nahi. AsapAsanAM rajavADAM ne rAjAnA A kharAba kRtyathI je nukazAna thayuM hatuM te badala rU147948 ApavA, kolhApuramAM aMgrejonI marachamAM Ave te divAna nIme jene aMgrejanI maMjurI vagara rAjAthI kahADI zakAya nahi. panALagaDhamAM IgrejI phoja rehe tenuM kharaca rAjAe ApavuM. upara pramANe karAra thayA. panAlagaDha upara rAjA taraphanA je killedAro hatA temane tAbe karyo ane te upara je kolhApurane haka hato te rAjAe choDI dI. A rAjAnA vakhatamAM I. sa. 1837mAM satArAnA rAjA pratApasiMha (bALA sAheba)nA upara phIturane vahema AvyAthI tene padabhraSTa karI tenA bhAI (zAhajI) Apa sAhebane gAdIe besADyo hato. tA. ra8mI navembara sane 1838nA roja rAjA zAhajI maraNa pAmyA. e vakhate temane zivAjI (bIjA) nAmanA bALa putra hatA te gAdIe beThA. zivAjInI cheTI umara hovAthI rAjakArabhAra calAvavAne mATe rIjansI kAunsIla nImavAmAM AvI jemAM cAranI nImanoka karavAmAM

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(12) AvI hatI. e cAramAM zivAjInI mAtathA kAkI ane bIjA be saradAro hatA. rAjakArabhAramAM A cAranA mata maLatA AvyA nahi. zivAjInI kAkI ke jenuM nAma tArAbAI hatuM tenA manamAM rAjyano badhe adhikAra pote levo ema thayuM ane tethI teNIe pote divAna tarIke rAjya karavA mAMDavuM. Igrejoe paNa tene pasaMda karI. A bAI kolahApuranA ItihAsamAM 'divAna sAheba'nA upanAmathI prasiddha thaI gaI che. teNIe 3 varasa sudhI julamI rIte divAnagIrI karI. je vadhAre vakhata tenA kabajAmAM rAjya rahyuM hota to kaMIpaNa tophAna thavAne vakhata najIkamAM hato. Igrejoe e bAI sAthe prathama salukAIthI vehevAra calAvyo paraMtu tene kaMI paNa sArI asara thaI nahi. tene rIjansimAMthI dura karI tathA tenI jagAe dAjI kRSNa paMDItane divAna nImI rAjyano ba vahivaTa tenA kabajAmAM sApo. tArAbAInA vakhatamAM je je julama cAlyo hato te baMdha karI navA sudhArA karavAnA kAmamAM A divAna tArAbAI ane tenA pakSanA mANasano duzmana thaI paDyo. A kAraNathI sane 1844nI sAlamAM eka moTuM baMDa uThavuM. A baMDanI asara kolhApuranA AsapAsanA dezamAM paNa thaI paDI hatI. A vakhata kolhApura rAjakAbhAra aMgrejonA hAthamAM hato tethI aMgrejI sine te baMne ekadama samAvI dIdhuM. A vakhata kolhApuranA rAjyanA killA teDI pADyA tathA killedArone kahADI mukyA, ane keTaluMka lazkara kamI karyuM. paNa tenA badalAmAM bIjI phoja vadhArI hatI. A baMDa teDI pADavA badala je kharca thayo te kolhApurane mAthe nAMkhavAmAM Avyo. kolhApuramAM grejI vahivaTa cAlato hato te vakhata eTale I. sa. 1848mAM satArAnA rAja ApA sAheba aputra maraNa pAmyo tethI te rAjya khAlasA karyuM ane ApA sAhebanA dattaputra rAjArAmane dara varase rU50000 hajAranuM penazana bAdhI ApyuM. A vakhatathI kolhApuranI vADI zAkhAM je satArA teno aMta Avyo. rAjA zivAjIrAvanI lAyaka umara thavAthI temane I. sa. 18ra mAM rAjyano kula adhikAra seMpavAmAM AvyuM. A vakhata eka tahanAmu (karAra) thayuM temAM zIvAjIrAve kabula karyuM hatuM ke grija sarakAranA mata pramANe cAlavuM. prathama I. sa. 1857 mAM zIvAjIrAve chagreja sAthe

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(13) kabUla karyuM hatuM ke huM pote Igrejo sAthe haLI maLIne cAlIza. paNa mA bhAI sImA sAheba baLavAkhone maLI jAya to te bAbatanuM jokhama mAre mAthe nathI mATe tenA vize baMdosta karavo joIe. zivAjIrAva mahArAjA vadarAnA gAyakavADa zrImaMta gaNapatarAva mahArAjanI putrI khAsIbAI sAthe paraNyA hatA. mahArAjA zivAjIrAva tA. 4 mAhe ogasTa sane 1866 nA roja maraNa pAmyA. temane putra nahote paNa potAnA maraNa pehelA nAgajIrAva pATakarane datta lIdhA hatA. te rAjArAma evuM nAma dhAraNa karI gAdIe beThA. A vakhate temanI vaya 16 varasanI hatI. A rAjA hiMmatavAna ane buddhizALI hatA. potAnI hiMmatane lIdhe I. sa. 1860 mAM yuropanI musApharIe gayA. paraMtu I. sa. 1870 nI sAlamAM ITAlI dezanA phalorensa nagaramAM temano kALa thayo. rAjArAmanA maraNa saMbaMdhIne tAra kolhApura Avyo te vakhata rAjakuTuMba ane prajAmAM ghaNI dilagIrI prasarI hatI. temanA pachI zivAjI (trIjAne) dattaka laI gAdIe besADyA. temanI choTI umara hovAthI rAjakArakhAra polITIkala ejaMTanI dekharekha nIce rijansI kAunsIlathIcalAva vA mAMDyo ane e rIjansInI dekharekha nIce rAjAne keLavaNI ApavA mAMDI. sane 1881 nI sAlamAM rAjA rAjya calAvavA gya umaranA thavAthI temanA rAjyanA khaTapaTIA kAmadAroe aMgreje AgaLa evI pharIyAda uThAvI . ke rAjA magajanA khaselA che. A karavAnuM kAraNa ema hatuM ke te lokone nA hAthamAM rAjyanI lagAma vadhAre divasa rahe. e lokoe eTalA sudhI yuktio kIdhI hatI ke temanI mA rAdhAbAIne paNa maLavA detA nahotA. mahArAjAne divAnAmAM khapAvI havA pheranuM bahAnuM kADhI mahAbaLezvara - kalI dIdhA hatA. tyAMthI pAchA AvyA pachI pune havA mATe mokalavA karAvyuM. paraMtu vartamAnapatroe rAjA divAno che ke kema te vize dAkaTa maphalorensa e I. sa. 25-30 sudhI ITAlInI rAjadhAnI hatI. "amerIgovesapurI" jenA nAmanA pahelA aradhA bhAga uparathI amerikA khaMDanuM nAma paDayuM hatuM. e purUSa janma phalorensa nagaramAM thayo hato. A nadInA kAMThA para e nagara ghaNuM dekhAvaDuM che.

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(194) senA kamIzanathI tapAsa thavA pota potAnA abhiprAya batAvyA. mAthI IMgreja sarakAre DAkTaronuM kamIzana besADayuM. dAkTaronA abhiprAyamAM ema AvyuM ke rAjA divAno nathI; temaja te vize ciMtA rAkhavA jevuM paNa nathI. mahArAjAe pote sarakArane jAhera karyuM ke kArabhArIzmAnA keTalAeka mAnItAAnA tarakaTate mATe mane dhaNI dehezata hatI anetethI me mAjI polITIkala ejaMTa karnala pArane jAhera karyuM hatuM. vaLI pachIthI temaNe khullI rIte jAhera karyuM, ane tethI karnala pAre mArA mahelamAMnA keTalAeka khaTapaTIAgmAne rajA ApI. paNa te amaladAra khadalAI gayA eTale te khaTapaTIyyAe mArA mahelamAM mAvI potAnA junA hAdA lIdhA jethI hAla mane temanI dahezatano gabharATa vadhyo che. AthI IMgreja sarakAre kolhApura darabAranA khaTapaTIA kAmadArone dura karyA ane TharAva karyo ke rAjA gAMdI calAvavAne lAyaka che. te magajanA khaselA nathI paNa khaTapaTIgmAe racelAM tarakaTothI te divAnA che ema a sara utpanna thai che. JA pramANe banAva banyo paNa rAjAnA . manamAM khaTapaTIAe mane mArI nAMkhaze e dhAstIne lIdhe pachavADethI mana sthIra rahI zakyuM nahi. ane tethI diyAnA jevI rIta bhAta thavA lAgI ane dinaparadina temAM vadhAro thato gayo. sane 181 nA navembaranI khAkhare havA pherane sArU temane bahAra kahADavAmAM AAvyA. paNa beja kalAkamAM te pAchA k yA. e vakhata mAthe pAghaDI nahAtI temaja temanA zarIranAM kapaDAM lohIthI kharaDAyalAM hatAM. te havApherane mATe nIkaLyA te vakhata temanI sAthe eka yurIpImmana amaladAra gayo hato. rAjA tene vaLagI paDayA ane tenI sAthe mArAmArI thaI hatI. DAkaTara joITe sarakAramAM lakhANu karI rAjamAtA rAdhAkhAI ane temanI hajuranA 13 mANasAne temanAthI dUra karAvyAM. mAthI rAjAnA dIlamAM gabharATa smRtizaya vadhI paDyo. te ema bolavA lAgyo ke mA pramANe sarakAre je kIdhuM che te eka duzmanAInuM kAma kIdhuM che. vaLI dardanA gabhoTamAM.te ema paNa bolyA hatA ke tene krura rAkhAna mAro chUpI rIte jAna levAnI kozIza thAya che. tA. 24 mI navembara sane 1881 nA roja rAvabahAdura gopALarAva harIdezamukhanA saranasInapaNA nIce mAzare 4000 dakSaNInI sabhA

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. (15) maLI hatI ane te sabhAmAM TharAva thayo hato ke mahArAjAnI hAlanI hAlata sudhAravAne tAtkAlIka upAyo levA. mahArAjAnI dekharekha rAkhanAra prakasa ane grInane khaseDI temane badale koIka lAyaka dezIne nImavA tathA rAdhAbAine mahArAjAnI saMbhALa rAkhavA pAse rahetAM aTakAve nahi karavA sArU muMbaInA gavaranarane tAra karI aja karI. nAmadAra sarakAre mahArAjAne temanI mAnI dekharekha nIce rAkhyA ane dAkaTara basanI sArI mahenatathI prathama ArAma thavA mAMDavo paNa chevaTa I.sa1887 nA DIsembaranI tA. 25 mIe temane kALa thayo. mahArAjA zivAjIrAvanA maraNa pachI temanAM vidhavA rANI - naMdIbAIe kolhApuranA rAjyanA rIphaMTa AbA sAheba ke je kAgaDAnA jAgIradAra hatA temanA bIjA putra yazavaMtarAvane dattaka laI zAhurAjA evuM nAma ApI tA. 10 mI mArca sane 1884 nA roja gAdIe besADyA. mahArAjAnI umara hAla 13 varasanI che ahinA mahArAjAne 19 temanuM mAna maLe che. kolhApura-e sajadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM sajakartA mahArAjA rahe che. te punAthI ja mAIla ane satAsathI 6 mAIla dUra che. vastI 37000 mANasanI che, temAM 33000 hIMdu ane 4000 musalamAna che. kolhApuramAM ghaNuM pavitra sthaLa che. ane ema kahevAya che ke te agAu jAtrAnuM kANuM hatuM. A pavitra sthaLamAM mahAlakSmIdevInuM maMdIra mukhya che. evuM kahevAya che ke karavI e agAunuM rAjadhAnInuM zahesa hatuM ane te hAla koThApuranI utare eka gAma che. ---- -- kache. A rAjya "ka" athavA "bhuja" e nAmathI oLakhAya che ane tenA rAjakartA caMdravaMzI jADejA jAtanA rajaputa che. teo "va"- ! thavA "mahArAvanI padithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare siMdha prAMta haidrAbAda chello tathA thara ane pArakara che, pUrve pAlanapUra IlAkAnAM rAjya ane kAzcavADa IlAkAnA IzAna koNano bhAga che, dakSiNe kacchano akhAta tathA raNa ane

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(19) * tenI pilImara kAThIAvADa IlAko che, ane pazcime arabI samudra tathA siMdhanA haidarAbAda jIllAno tho bhAga che. A rAjyano vistAra 6500 corasa mAIla tathA zahera ane 800 gAmatathAtemAM pa1ra000 mANasanI vastI che temAM 325000 hiMdu,118000 musalamAna 66000 jenadharmanA leka ane bIjA paracuraNa che vArSika upaja 3600000 (seLa lAkhane) Azare thAya che. | mulakano dekhAva-kacchano uttara tathA pUrva bhAga retInA medAna vALo che je raNa "kacchanuM raNa" e nAmathI oLakhAya che. utaravALuM moTuM ane purvavALuM nAnuM raNa kahevAya che. raNanI jamIna unALAmAM korI, kaThaNa ane retALa jaNAya che tathA tenA upara mIThAnA popaDA bAjhelA najare paDe che. comAsAmAM samudranuM pANI pavananA jorathI AvIne temaja varasAda ke nadIonA pANIthI e jamIna DhaMkAelI rahe che. unALAmAM surajanA tApathI A jamIna tape che tyAre durathI jonArane eka moTA samudra ke sarovara jevuM jaNAya che. kacchanA mulakamAM madhya bhAga tathA thoDAka uttaranA bhAgamAM DuMgarAnI nAnI nAnI oLo che. A dezamAM bAre mAsa sudhI pANI cAle tevI nadIo nathI tethI lokone pANInI taMgI ghaNI paDe che. moTA raNanI dakSiNe je jamIna che temAM ghAsa uge che ke je dhAsamAM mANasa ubhe ubhe cAle to paNa koI dekhe nahiM eTaluM UMcuM hoya che. kacchanI jamIna sArI rasALa nathI tethI temAM juvAra, maTha, bAjarI vagere anAja pAke che. vepAranI jaNazomAM kapAsa ghaNe thAya che. drAkSa ane khaDabuca ghaNAM thAya che. jhADa juja ane koIka ThekANe jovAmAM Ave che. ghaDAM ghaNI UMcI jAtanAM thAya che. Dhora puSkaLa heya che paNa te ghaNuM kImatI hotAM nathI, UMTa ghaNAM thAya che; jaMgalamAM vAdha, cItrA, ziALa, kolhAM ane dIpaDA vagere najare paDe che. vana gadheDA eTale jaMgalI gadheDA paNa jovAmAM Ave che. rAjyadhAnInuM mukhya zahera, bhuja che ane temAM 25000 mANasanI vastI tathA zahera pachADI killo che. zaheramAM jagaTa ane temAM yuropanA dhATana rAvasAhebano mahela jevA jevo che. bhujamAM aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI poliTikala ejaMTa rahe che. tathA aMgrejI phoja paNa rahe che. A zaheramAM sutara ane rezama vathavAnAM kArakhAnAM che. kasabI ane bharatanuM kAma ghaNuM vakhaNAya che. tenA

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(17) rUpAnI nakazIdAra kArIgarI bane che. zivAya moTuM zahera mAMDavI baMdara che temAM vastI 35000 mANasanI che. tyAM vepAra bahu sAro cAle che. ghaNuM karIne AkhA kacachanA vepAranuM e bArU che. tyAM vahANenI sagavaDane mATe eka pharaja che. emAM eka dIvAdAMDInuM kaMDIla che. ItihAsa-kacchamAM hAla jADejA jAtanA rajapUta rAjAnuM rAjya che. temanA vaDIla tyAM AvyA tyAra pahelAM tyAM cAvaDA jAtane rAjA rAjya karate hato ane tenI rAjagAdI pATagaDhamAM hatI. jADejAnuM mULa u. tpatti sthAna caMdravaMzI yAdava che. zrIkRSNa dvArakAmAM rAjya karatA hatA. temanI rANI jAbuvatIjInA kuMvara zAMbe, je mIzara dezanA zoNItapUranA rAjA bANAsuranA pradhAna kobhAMDanI kanyA rAmA sAthe paraNyA hatA teNIne peTe uSNaka nAme kuMvara thayo. jyAre yAdavAsthaLI thaI tyAre u. sNIta zeNItapUramAM hato tethI te tyAM vasyo. tyAMno rAjA bANAsUra mue tyAre rAjya kebhAMDane maLyuM ane bhAMDa mue tyAre te rAjya u. @Ikane hAtha AvyuM. temanA pachI 78 mI peDhIe devedra thayA temane cAra kuMvara hatA. temanA trIjA kuMvara narapate gajanInA bAdazAha phirojazAhane mArI tenuM rAjya laI lIdhuM, ane te jAma kahevAyA. narapatanA kuvara sAmaMta pAsethI phIrojazAhanA beTA sulatAnazAhe gIjanI pAchuM jItI lIdhuM eTale te siMdha tarapha AvyA tathA te mulaka upara potAnI sattA besADI. sAmata e nAma parathI temanA vaMzavALA yAdava maTI samA" e nAmathI oLakhAvA lAgyA. sAmata pachI 9 mI peDhIe lAkhIyAra bhaDa thayA temaNe eka zahera vasAvI tenuM nAma "nagarasane" pADayuM ane temAM rAjadhAnI karI. hAla te "nagaraThaThThAne nAme oLakhAya che. lAkhIyAra, bhaDane lAkho dhurA e nAmano kuMvara hato. te kacchamAM pATagaDhanA cAvaDA rAjA viramadevanI kuMvarI bothI sAthe para hato. tene A bAIthI cAra kuMvara thayA temAMnA moDatathA manAI e be bhAI kacchamAM potAnA mAmAne tyAM rahetA hatA. temaNe dagAthI mAmAne mArI kacchanuM rAjya laI lIdhuM. moDanI cothI peDhIe lAkho phulANI e cAramAMne eka asapata musalamAna thayo. ragajapatanA kuMvara cuDacaMde soraThamAM rAjya sthApyuM ane tenA vaMzajo cuDAsalA kahevAyA. 3 narapata,

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(19) thayA temane kaMvara nahato tethI temanA bhAI jAmadhAonA kuMvara puvAra kacchanI gAdIe beThA. temane paNa kuMvara nahato, tethI jAma moDa tathA manAInA heramAI bhAI unaDanI vaMzamAM chaThThI peDhIe jAma jApe sidhamAM rAjya karato hato, temanA kuMvara lAkhAjI tathA lakhadhIrane siMdhamAMthI bolAvI kacchanuM rAjya ApyuM. A be bhAI jAma jADAnA data putra yAne temanA bhAI verejInA kuMvara hatA. jAma jADAnA nAma uparathI temanA vaMzajo "jADejA' e nAmathI oLakhAya che. ema paNa kahevAya che ke lAkhAjI ane lakhadhIrajI jekAnA bhAI sAthe janmelA) hatA. siMdhI bolImAM joDakAnA bhAIne "jADA' janamyA ema kahe che ane te uparathI temanA vaMzajo "jADejA" jAtathI oLakhAvA lAgyA. game tema heya paNa A vakhatathI jADejAonI zAkhA cAlI. A be bhAIoe maLIne navu gAma bAMdhyuM ane te baMnenA nAmathI tenuM nAma lAkhIyAra viyara pADavuM tathA temAM rAjadhAnI karI. jAma lAkhAjInA kuMvara rAvadhaNajIne, dedajI, keLa, gajaNajI ane ethIjI e nAmanA cAra kuMvara hatA temAMnA dedojIne kaMthakoTa, oThojIne rAjadhAnInuM zahera lAkhIyAra viyo, gajaNajIne bADA pragaNuM ane thIjIne gajeDa vagere bAra gAma maLyAM hatAM, ane te cAre bhAi jAma kahevAyA. mukhya gAdIvALA e I. sa. 1385mAM gAdIe beThA hatA. temaNe jaina lokane nasADI mukyA. eThojI I. sa. 140pamAM maraNa pA myA. temanA pachI kuMvara ghAo gAdIe beThA. temanA vakhatamAM temanA pitrAI bArAvALA rAyaghaNajIe jena lekane Azraya Apo, tethI te loka ghAojInA mulakane luMTI dezane kharAba karatA hatA; paNa rAyadhaNachanA kAkA jIejInA kuMvara aba che je bahu rAvara hatAM teNe te lokone vaza karyo. ghAo I. sa. 1430 mAM maraNa pAmyA temanA pachI kuMvara vaheNe gAdIe besI jAma thayA. temanI sAthe rAyadhaNajIe poeNInI sarahada bAbata bIjA baMDakhorone madadamAM laI tephAna karavA mAMDayuM tathI jAma vehegojIe lAkhIyAra viromAMthI potAnuM mathaka uThAvyuM. ane havAmAM rahI rAyadhaNajInA upara humalo karI tenI vastIne nukazAna karavA mAMDayuM. eTale chevaTa rAyadhaNajI AvIne namI paDyo ane salAha thaI. www.unla

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(19) jAma veheNacha I.sa. 145mAM maraNa pAmyA temanA pachI kuMvara mulajI gAdIe beThA. mulajIne kaMI roga thavAthI temanA zarIranA sAMdhA sui gayA hatA ane tethI teo jAte laDavA javAne azakta hatA tethI temanA bApanA vakhatanA smae temanA upara humalo karavA mAMDyo. paraMtu Izvara kRpAthI zarIranA sAMdhA sArA thayA ane duzmano sAthe laDAInuM kAma AraMvyuM. je je temanA upara duzmanAvaTa rAkhatA hatA te tamAmane vaza karyA paNa I. sa. 1470mAM kAThIo sAthenI eka laDAImAM bharAyA. jAma mulajI pachI kuMvara kAMjI gAdIe beThA. koIe - tAnA bApane mAranAra kAThIo uparanuM vera manamAM rAkhI temane kachamAMthI kahADI mukyA. ane geDIno vAdhelo saradAra je kAThIone prathama Azraya Apato hato tene paNa mAryo. kayojI I. sa. 149mAM maraNa pAmyA temanA pachI kuMvara ane marajI gAdIe beThA. jAma amarajInA rAjyanA vakhatamAM kAbulano pAdazAha kaccha upara Avyo ane svArI veze mA. paraMtu temaNe te vAta kabula nahi karatAM laDAI Ara bhI. temAM bhAre yuddha thayuM ane musalamAnone harAvI pAchA kahADyA. te paNa te laDAI vakhate temane eka jakhama lAgavAthI maraNa pAmyAM I. sa. 1510. jAma amarajIe maratI veLA potAnA kuMvara bhImajIne kahyuM ke tame pATavI che; paraMtu tamArI mAne odhAna che mATe je tene kevara thAya ane tene gAdIe besADe to mAro jIva gate jAya. bhImajIe e vAta kabula karI ane bAIne pure divase kuMvara sAMpaDyo jenuM nAma Amara AmarANuM pADavuM tathA tenA nAmanI vAI pheravI ane pote kArabhAra karavA mAMDyo jyAre kuMvara 15 varasano thayo tyAre bhAIoe maLI vicAra karyo ke A kuMvara maMda buddhino che. ane tenAthI rAjya calAvAze nahi tethI bhImajIne kahyuM ke tame gAdIe beze paNa temaNe kahyuM ke pitAjInuM vacana pAya nahi tyAre bhAIoe phera kahyuM je tame gAdIe nahi besaze te duzmano rAjyane jItI leze ane bApanuM nAma jaze. jyAre temano atizaya Agraha dIThe tyAre bhImajI gAdIe beThA. bhImajInA rAjyanA vakhatamAM bADAvALA jAmaraNajInA vaMzamAM jAma

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(100) lAkha hato tene koIe dagAthI mArI nAkhyo. tene mAne zaka tenA kuM. vara jAmarAolane jAma bhImajI ane kuMvara hamIrajI emanA upara Avyo tethI teNe e vera temanI pAsethI levuM ema teNe nakkI karyuM. evAmAM jAma bhImajI I. sa. 1525mAM maraNa pAmyA ane kuMvara hamIrajI jAma thayA. hamIrajI lAkhIyAra viyomAM rahetA hatA. jAmarAenA manamAM daro hato te eka aThavADIAmAM hamIra pAse Avyo. tathA teNe AjIjI sAthe kahyuM ke Apa eka vakhata mAre gAma padhAro ane mAruM ghara pAvana karo. hamIrajIe tene dago jANI nA kahI paNa jAmarAoe dago nathI ema potAnI kuLadevI AzApurInA sogana khAdhA eTale hamIrajIe bADe javA kabula karyuM. te tyAM gayA ane rAele mIjabAnI karI temAM hamIrajIne dArU pAI cakacura banAvyA tathA potAnA mANasane IzArata karI katala karAvyA ane kuMvara kyAM che tenI tapAsa karI temane paNa mArI naMkhAvavA tajavIja kIdhI; paNa tenI A matalaba jAma hamIrajI hajurI chacharabuTo e nAmano hato te cetI ga. jAma hamIranI kuMvarI kamAbAI nAmanI hatI tene amadAvAdanA pAdazAha mahamada begaDAne dIdhI hatI tethI chacharabuTo. kuMvarone laIne amadAvAda gayo. jAma hamIrajI I. sa. 153mAM marAyA eTale jAma rAole temane mulaka jItI laI tene potAnA mulaka sAthe miLavI laI kacchamAM rAjya karavA mAMDayuM. jAma hamIrajInA je kuMvaro potAnI benane tyAM A madAvAda gayA hatA temanA nAma alIo, kheMgArajI, rAyabajI ane sAhebajI hatAM. A vakhata mahamada begaDAe lazkara mokalI jAmarALa pAsethI kacachano mulaka jItI lIdhe tathA A cAra kuMvAromAMnA kheMgArajI je ghaNuM bahAdura hatA temane kacchanI gAdIe besADI dharAva" evo khitAba Apyo. jAmasa elanA hAthamAMthI kacchanuM rAja gayuM eTale te raNa urI saurASTramAM gayA ane navA nagaranA rAjyanI sthApanA karI tathA te te rAjyanA muLa purUSa thayA. rAkhegArajIe gAdIe beThA pachI thoDA varase eTale saMvata 1950 nA mAgazara suda 9 I. sa. 1549 nA roja bhujanagara vasAvyuM. tathA rAjyagAdInuM zahera lAkhIyAra vize cAraNane dAnamAM ApI A navA

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(21) zahera bhujanagaramAM rAjagAdI sthApI. ane I. sa. 1540 mAM mAMDavI baMdara vasAvyuM jeDe Aja AkhA kacchane vepAra cAle che. chacharabuTAe je kImatI sevA bajAvI hatI tenI buja karI tene sAta gAma InAmamAM ApyAM tathA bIjA je je mANasee AphatanA vakhatamAM madada karelI temanI paNa nokarInI buja karI temane gAmo ApyAM. jAmarAoLane kheMgArajI uparanuM vera hamezAM manamAM AvatuM hatuM tethI temaNe navAnagaramAM potAno darabAra bharI lakhapasAde InAmanuM bIDuM pheravyuM ke koI kheMgArajInuM mAthe lAve tevo che. je lAve te tene e InAma ApuM. A bI 12 sakhasee maLIne lIdhuM ane kacchamAM AvI potAno vicAra pAra pADavAne mATe chUpA pharatA hatA. eka veLA rAva kheMgArajI jaMgalamAM ekalA zikAra karavA gayA hatA tyAM pelA 1ra jaNa jaI pahoMcyA ane rAva kheMgArajIne ghe; paNa A vakhate temaNe evI hAthacAlAkI karI talavAra calAvI ke te bAre jaNane katala kayo. rAvazrI kheMgArajIne bhojarAjajI ane bhAramalajI e nAmanA be kuMvara hatA. temAMnA pATavI bhojarAjajI rAyadhara hAlAnI madadamAM gayA te vakhata eka tIra vAgavAthI tyAM maraNa pAmyA hatA. temane kuMvara aLIyojI hato paNa te rAvazrI kheMgArajI I. sa. 1585 mAM maraNa pAmyA tyAre te kuMvarane paDatA mukI bhAramalajI gAdIe beThA. rAva bhAramalajInA vakhatamAM gUjarAta pAdazAha mujaphara trIjo rAjya khoyA pachI keTalAeka varasa sudhI jude jude ThekANe athaDAyo paNa chevaTa kacchamAM nAzI Avelo te pakaDAyo, paNa rastAmAM jatAM astrAthI ApaghAta karI maraNa pAmyo ane gujarAtanuM rAjya dilhInA pAdazAha akabarane tAbe thayuM. akabarazAhanA maraNa pachI dilhInI gAdIe teno putra salImazAha beTho hato te gujarAtamAM Avyo tyAre rAva bhAramalajIe tenI mulAkAta lIdhI. A mulAkAta vakhata bhAramalajIe rUpIA, mahero ane 100 ghoDA najara ke tenA badalAmAM silIme potAne besavAno dho, hAthI, khaMjara, talavAra tathA jaDAvanI vIMTIo bakSIsa ApI temaja kerInA calaNano sikko pADavAne paravAnagI ApI hatI. rAva bhAramalajI I. sa. 1931 mAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI kuMvara bhojarAjajI gAdIe beThA. temanA vakhatamAM kaMI jANavA jevA banAva.

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(22) banyA nathI te paNa te vidvAnone sAme Azraya ApatA hatA ema kahevAya che. A rAva I. sa. 1645 mAM maraNa pAmyA. temane kuMvara nahe tethI temanA bhAI meghajInA kuMvara kheMgArajI bIjAne dattaka laI gAdIe besADyA. rAva kheMgArajI I. sa. 1954mAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA maraNane mATe ema kahevAya che ke koI cAraNa strIe temane zApa dI hato. rAva kheMgArajI bIjAnA maraNa pachI temane sumarI jAtanI strInA peTano hamIrajI nAme putra hato tene sIgrAma nAmanA saradAre gAdIe besADyo hato, paNa rAvanA maraNa pachI ogaNIsame divase hothIjI nAmanA bhAyAte rAvanA bhAI tamAcIjIne sAthe laI jaI hamIrajIne uThADI mukI temane gAdIe besADyA. rAva tamAcIjI I. sa. 1962 mAM maraNa pAmyA temanA pachI kaMvara rAyadhaNajI gAdIe beThA temanA vakhatamAM amadAvAdanA subAe majhIma begane khaMDaNI besADavA mATe eka moTA lazkara sAthe kacchamAM mokalyo hato paNa karachanA lazkarathI DarakhAIjevo Avyo tevo pAcho gayo. rAvazrI rAyadhaNajI I. sa. 1997 mAM maraNa pAmyA. temane 10 kuMvara hatA. temaNe potAnI hayAtImAM rAjyanA judA judA bhAganAM kAma soMpyAM hatAM. jyAre rAyadhaNajIne agni saMskAra karavA laI gayA tyAre badhA kevo smazAnamAM gayA hatA, paNa trIjA kuvara prAgamalajI AMkhe be che ema kahI mahelamAM rahyA hatA. temaNe pATavI kuMvara ravAjIne tathA bIjA kuMvara nodhaNajI je prathamathI maraNa pAmyA hatA temane kuMvara hatA temano huMka bAvI pote daravAjAbaMdha karAvI gAdIe bezI potAnA nAmanI duhAI pharavI. A khabara smazAnamAM kuMvaroe jANuM eTale temaNe potapotAne hAtha je pragaNu hatAM. tyAM jaI te pragaNuM kabaje karI lIdhAM. rAva prAgamalajI I. sa. 11pamAM maraNa pAmyA temanA pachI kevAra gAMDacha gAdIe beThA. temaNe phakta traNa varasa rAja karyuM ane I.sa. 118mAM maraNuM pAmyA. temanA pachI kuMvara dezalajI gAdIe beThA. temanA vakhatamAM morabInA rAjA kayoche je rAva prAgamalajInA vaDA bhAI ravAnA kuMvara thatA hatA. temaNe gujarAtanA mugalAI subA sirAdi khAnanA lazkaranI madada laI kaccha upara svArI karI. enuM lazkara joI rAva prathama gabharAyA paNa pachavADethI hiMmata pakaDI AvelA lazkarane la

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(03) DAI karI harAvI pAchuM kADhavuM. A laDAImAM ghaNA musalamAna kapAI gayA hatA. rAva dezaLajIe devakaraNa ziine divAnagIrI ApI hatI. teNe kharacamAM ghaTayo kayA paNa pATavI kuMvara lakhapatajI bhAre khasya karatA. hatA temaNe kharaca mATe nANuM mAgyAM paNa divAnanI salAhathI sava - zalajIe ApyAM nahi. A vera manamAM rAkhIne kuvara lakhapatajIe eka paradezI sipAIne divA devakaraNanA makAne mokalI tene talavAsthI katala karAvyo. thoDA divasa pachI lakhapatajIe I. sa. 1781 mAM potAja pItA rAva dezalajIne potAne tyAM jamavA bolAvI padabhraSTa karI keda. karyo ane pote gAdIe beThA. rAva dezalajI 10 vasa sudhI. kedakhAnuM bhogavI I. sa. 1751mAM maraNa pAmyA. ' lakhapatajI potAnA bApane I. sa. 141mAM padabhraSTa karI gAdIe beThA hatA. temaNe je divAnane mArI naMkhAvyo hato tenA dikasa paMjA zeThane divAna banAvyo. pujAze rAva lakhapatajInuM uDAu kharaca purU karI zakyo nahi tethI tene dUra karI rUpajI zAhane divAna banAvyo. jyAre pujA zeThane ja karyo tyAre tene 20 lAkha karI daMDa kI hato te nahi ApatAM te sAme thayo ane nAnIsarakhI laDAI thaI temAM 25 mANasa masAyAM hatAM. cAra varasa pachI rUpajI zAne dura karI phera puMjA zeThane divAna banAvyo. te paNa dUra thayo ane govardhana mahete divAna thayo. thoDA divasa pachI pujA zeThe gavaradhana upara rAvane zaka Ave tema khaTapaTa karI tethI save vehema khAI govardhanane katala karAvyo ane pharI rU5cha zAhane divAnagIsa ApI. rUchazAha pachI tuLasIdAsa divAna thayo. teNe sAva lakhapatajI ane kAbulano bAdazAha emanI vacce dostI karAvI ApI. rAva lakhapatajI ane kuMvara zeDacha emanI vacce aMTasa vAlato hato. eka vakhata kuMvara goDajI morabI jaI tyAMnuM lazkara laI potanA bApa upara caDI AvyA. e lazkaranI sAmA thavAne taiyArI karavAmAM divAna tulazIdyase ALasa karyuM te upasthI rAva lakhapatajIe tene para karI devajIne divAna karAze. teNe bApa dikarA vacce salAha karAvI ApI. rAva lakhapatajIe dilhInA pAdazAha ahamadazAhane kAMI Ata vakhatamAM lazkaranI madada ApI te upasthI pAdazAhe rAvane "mIrajA'. www

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(204) no kitAba ane "mAhimarAtIba" bakSiza ApyAM. vaLI kAbulanA pAdazAhe mahArAjAdhirAja evo kItAba Apo. dvArakAne vAdhela rAmasiMha yuropajaI Avyo hato tene rAva lakhapatajIe kacchamAM rAkhI teNe yuropamAM pharI je kaLA kauzalyanI mAhitI meLavI hatI te mAhitIno upayoga karAvI tenI pAse yuropanA hunnaro kacchamAM dAkhala karAvyA. rAve potAnA rAjyamAM vidhAno paNa prasAra karAvyo hato. temaNe ja bhASAne abhyAsa kIdho hato ane temaNe pote lokone e bhASA zIkhavavA mATe eka zALA sthApI. je je bahAranA vidyArthIo abhyAsa karavAne AvatA temane khorAkI vagere rAva pote apAvatA hatA. temane jaLadarano roga thavAthI 44 varasanI umare I. sa. 1760mAM maraNa pAmyA. te vakhata temanI 15 rAkhelI strIo satI thaI hatI. temanA maraNa pachI kuMvara goDajI gAdIe beThA. temaNe junA divAna puMjA zeThane eka nokara chavaNa nAmane hato tene divAnagIrI ApI. AthI puMjAzeTha siMdha go ane tyAMnA pAdazAha gulAmazAhane 30000 hajAra phoja sAthe kacchanA rAvanI kanyA ApavAnuM kahI kacha teDI lAvyo. A phojanI sAme divAna chavaNa kaccha ane rAdhanapuranuM lazkara laine sAme thayo. A veLA laDAImAMnI pehelA maracAnI eka topa phATI ane tethI baMne lazkaramAM gabharATa thayo tethI phojamAM talavAra cAlI ane ghaNuM zurA kAma AvyA; temAM jIvaNa divAna paNa marAyo hato. have pAdazAha pAcho pharyo ane kacchanAM keTalAMka gAmaDAM bALI dIdhAM hatAM. paMjA zeThane gulAmazAhe divAnagIrI ApI hatI tethI te kacchanAM gAmaDAM luMTato hato; paNa eka vakhata rAve tene pakaDI beDI paherAvI tathA daza divasa keda rAkhI che divasa jhera daI mArI naMkhAvyo. A khabara gulAmazAhane thaI eTale te 50 hajAra mANasanA lazkara sAthe kacchamAM loDara mAtAnI jagA sUdhI Avyo paNa tene eka halakA jADejAnI kanyA apAvI salAha karI pALe kADho. tyAra pachI navAnagaranA divAna mahesuM khavAse A cAlatI garabaDano lAbha laI bAlaMbhAno killo jItI lIdhuM. thoDA divasa pachI siMdhanuM lazkara kacacha upara caDhI AvyuM paNa tene pAchuM nasADI mukayuM hatuM. rAva goDajI I. sa. 1778 mAM maraNa pAmyA temane rAyadhaNajI ane pRthIrAjajI e nAmanA be kuMvara hatA temAMnA vaDA rAyadhaNajI

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(205) gAdIe beThA, temanA vakhatamAM devacaMda zeThe divAna hato. tene tathA tenA traNa bhAgmAne siMdhI jamAdAra jamAlamIyAMe dago karI mArI nAMkhyA. thoDA divasa rAve siMdImarIcanI salAhathI vAdhApArekhane divAna banAvyA, patrInA saradAro je rAvanA bhAyAta hatA te rAvanI sAme duzmanI dharAvatA hatA temanA upara vAnnA pArekhe hallo karyo, tethI jADejAe tenA upara kopyA; paNa teNe temanI sAthe maLI jaI salAha karI ane thoDA divasa pachI tamAma hiMdIne kacchamAMthI kahADI mukyA. rAyadhaNajIne mahamada panA nAmanA eka musalamAne bodha daI hiMdu dharma uparanI temanI AsthA uThADI dIdhI tethI rAve hiMduone musalamAna banAvavA mAMDyA. smAthI karIne prajA temanA upara kakaLI uThI ane vAdhA divAna tathA bIjA saradAroe vicAra karyo ke rAvane keda karavA. tethI vASA divAne 400 mANasA sAthe potAno bhAi koro ajAra raheto hato sA sAthe teDALyo. vAdho tathA koro darabAramAM dAkhala thayA taraphanA paThANAMe temanA upara ekadama humalo karavAthI te tamAmano phALa Avyo, vAdho tathA koro ane khIjA je mANaso marAyA temane rAve musalamAnI rIta pramANe khADA khodI temAM DaTAvyA mAthI karIne tamAma hiMdu saradAro tathA prajAmAM atizaya gabharATa vadhI paDyo; ane keTalAeka rAjyanI sattA dukhAvA mAMDI, tethI medhajI zeTha ane khIjA tene te mApaNu rAva e vicAra karyo ke game tema thAya to paNa rAvane keda karavA. have je divase rAve hiMdunAM badhAM devAlaya toDI pADavAno TharAva karyo hato te divase macchazeTha ane bIjAcyAe darabAragaDha upara dhasAro karyo| paNa rAva ane paThANo mahelamAM pezI gayA. meghajIe mehela pachADI dhaNA divasa sudhI ghero rAkhyo tethI chevaTa paThANo tAme thayA ane rAvane ka karyeA. I. sa. 1786. have mezvajI zeDa rAvanA bhAI prathIrAjajIne kojanA uparI TharAvI je je lokoe upalA gaDakhaDATa vakhata dezanA bhAganI sattA laI lIdhI hatI temane vaza karavA mAMDayA. prathama mAMDavI dukhAvI besanAra rAmajI khavAsa upara humalo karyeA ane tenA upara dararojanI 700 krorInI DaNI khesADI, tyAra pachI rohA upara caDAI karI paNa tethI jADejA tenA sAme kropyA ane tene jhera devAno TharAva karyo eTale te nAho. pachI mekajIe aMjArane svataMtra rIte tAme karI lIdhuM. have ma e

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(2016) pacha javAthI rAmajI khavAse khaMDaNI ApavI baMdha karI. vaLI madha ja javAthI bIjAomAM phuTa peThI tethI bhaddI hamIra ane lukavAye dinAe rAyadhaNajIne kedamAMthI chUTA karyA. paNa eka nAnI TukaDInA jamAdAra maphate mahamade temane phera keda karyA. rAvane keda karyA pachI kacchanA rAjyamAM siNavela nAmano eka moTo amIra hato teNe phate mahamadane ra00 svAsenI jamAdArI ApI. have jamAdAra vadhavA mAMDyo. teNe moTA moTA saradAro tathA bhAyAtonI prIti meLavavA mAMDI. AthI karIne te vadhAre vakhANAyo ane rAjyamAM karatA haratA jevo thayo. teNe prathama dezane AbAda karavA tathA rAjyanI sattA vadhAravAnA upAya karavA mAMDyAM. vAgaDamAM saNavAne ThAkora khaMDaNI ApavI baMdha karI beTho hato tenA upara jaI saNavA luTavuM jethI bIjA garAzIAo paNa je khaMDaNI ApavI baMdha karI beThA hatA temaNe ApavA mAMDI. vAgaDamAM je luMTArA loka vasatA hatA temane dezapAra ka, silavela thoDA divasathI mudo dabAvI beTho hato tene jamAdAre jItI lIdhuM. lakhapatano killo baMdhAvyo tathA tenI baMdarI pedAzamAM vadhAre karo. rAmajI khavAsane mAMDavImAMthI kADhyo ane haMsarAjane tyAMno vahivaTa se. thoDA divasa pachI jamAdAra ane rAvanA bhAI prathIrAja che vacce eka miDijI nAmanA mANase khaTapaTa karI vera karAvyuM hatuM, tethI prathIrAje eka vakhata eka mIjabAnI veLA jamAdAra upara talavAra tANI. A vakhata bhegA thayelA mANase verAI gayA. jyAre bIje divase prathIrAja ne miDachae batAvelI vAta tarakaTI lAgI tyAre temaNe ja * kacchamAM jADejAonuM rAjya sthApanAra moDa tathA manAIno - ramAIbhAI unaDa jesiMdhamAM rAja karato hato temanA vaMzamAM eka notIyAra nAmano mANasa thaze. te IsalAma dharma pALI musalamAna thayo hato. tenI vaMzamAM keTalIka peDhIe A phate mahamada hato. prathama te dheTAM cAravAno dhaMdho karato hato paNa te cAlAka hevAthI tene kacchamAM kacchanA rAjyamAM halakI nokarI maLI, ane tyAra pachI te vadhavA mAMDyochevaTa te vacharano darajaje pAmyo, tenI cAlAkI have jema jema A ItihAsa vAMcatA jazo tema tema najare paDatI javAze.

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(207) mAdAra pAse jaIne mAphI mAgI paNa te vakhatathI temanAM dIla eka bIjA uparathI khATAM thayAM. thoDA divasa pachI phate mahamada jamAdAra lakhapata tarapha jato hate tevAmAM pilA mAMDa e haMsarAjane phoDI athIrAja ane mAMDavIno kabaje saipAvyo. A khabara jANI phatehamahamada eka divasamAM bhuja Avyo. 10 hajAra mANasanuM lazkara bheguM karI mAMDavI tarapha javA taiyArI karI tevAmAM tenA jANavAmAM AvyuM ke rAdhanapuranuM lazkara kacchamAM Ave che tethI tenA sAme jaI tene harAvI pAchuM kahADayuM. tevAmAM prathIja che haMsarAja ane mahamada mIyAe eka salAha karI bhujane ghero ghAlyo. A veLA athIrAja che ane phate mahamada vacce salAha thaI temAM bhuja temane sepI jamAdAre aMjAra ane bhacAu potAnA tAbAmAM lIdhAM. A vakhata phatehamahamada rAvane kedamAMthI chUTA karyA hatA. have prathIrAjajIe haMsarAjane divAna banAvyo paNa thoDA divasamAM prathIrAja cha maraNa pAmyA I. sa. 1801. pratharAjajI maraNa pAmyA tethI rAjyanI satA phera pAchI rAva rAyadhaNajInA hAthamAM AvI tathA haMsarAjane mAravA IrAdo karyo. paraMtu ha. sarAje mAMDavI jaI tyAMthI lazkara ApyuM ane rAvane kera keda karyA. thoDA divasa sudhI rAjyamAM khaTapaTa cAlI ane AzakaraNe bhujane luTavuM. tethI rAvano vicAra tene mAravAno thayo paNa te siMdha tarapha jato rahyo. A khabara jANI phate mahamada bhuja Avyo. tenA ane rAvanA mANaso vacce thoDIvAra baMduka cAlI. A vakhata jamAdAra taraphanA eka sipAInI goLI rAvanA pagamAM vAgI tathA temane keda karyA. phate mahamada jamAdAre, garAzIA, dharmAdA ane mIyANuonA gAmo upara verA nAMkhyA. te kAmamAM eka dhamaDakAnA garAzIe phate mahamada potAnI khAnagI kacerImAM beThe hato tenA upara jaI talavArano ghA karyo paNa tene pALe vaLatAM jamAdAranA eka sipAIe katala karyo. jamAdAre A vAta manamAM rAkhI ane cAra mahine pate sAjo thayA pachI dhamaDakA ane robArI kabaje karyo. saNavAnA ThAkorane tAbe karyo ane bIjA gAzIAonA daMDa kIdhA, vArAhIne luMTavuM ane bAlaMbhAnA killA upara kacchano dAve che ema kahI navAnagara upara svArI karI. teNe navAnagarano badho

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(202) deza ujjaDa karyo. paNa jyAre tyAMnodivAna mahephukhavAsa junAgaDhanI mada laI sAme thayAM tyAre te pAcho Avato rahyo. phera teNe navAnagara ane tyAMnA killA upara nizAna caDhAvyuM paNa temAM kRteha pAmyo nahi, eTale tyAMthI nIkaLI hAlAra mAM keTalAMka thANAM besADI pAcho mApo. mA pramANe hAlAra upara ghaNI svArI karato tathA koI koI vakhata tyAMnA jamInadAro pAsethI daMDa tarIke rakamo leto hato. tA. 26mI akaTobara sane 1809nI sAlamAM kaccha ane IMgreja sarakAra vace kolakarAra thaI sabaMdha baMdhAyo. A saMbadha thatI veLA je je kolakarAro thayA temAM briTIza sarakAra taraphathI karanalavAkara vaDodarAnA resIDenTanI vatI mI. grInavuDa ane kacchanA rAva rAyadhaNajI taraphthI vajIra kRtemahamada hato. I. sa. 1813nA lagabhagamAM jamAdAra phatemahamadano vicAra Igrejone dezamAMthI kahADI sukI kacchanA rAjyane svataMtra karavA thayo. teNe IMgrejo sAthe thayelA kolakarArathI virUddha cAlI luMkADha cAlatI rAkhI hatI tene aTakAvavA kuMtemahamada upara IMgreja sarakArano khalIto lakhane kaptAna ekama kacchamAM Avyo. temahamade luTaphATanA nukazAnanuM vaLatara ApyuM nahi tethI phera khIne khalIto Avyo paraMtu tevAmAM te kolerAnA AjArathI maraNa pAmyo I. sa. 1813, rAva rAyadhaNujI jamAdAranA maraNa pacho 25 divase I. sa. 1913 mAM maraNa pAmyA. kaheche ke temaNe maratI veLA potAnA zabane khALavuM nahi paNa dATavuM ema susalamAna saradArone kahyuM hatuM. paraMtu 500 rR* japUtoe bhegA thaI mahelamAMthI musalamAnone kahADyA ane rAvanA zabane hiMdu rivAja pramANe agni dAha dIvo. temanA pachI kuMvara bhAramalajI gAdIe kheDA. A vakhate temanI umara 15 varasanI hatI tethI rAjyano kArabhAra huzainamIyAMe karavA mAMDyo. IMgrejo sAthe je kolakarAra thayA hatA te pramANe cAlatuM nahatuM, tethI kaptAna maikamI bhuja mAo. cchA vakhata huzainamIyAMe mAI mAgI paNa teno bhAI IbrAhIma mIyAM sAme thayA tene samajAvavA jagajIvana maheto mayyA paNa kaMI vaLyuM nahi mane TaMTo thaye temAM IbrAhIma tathA bIjA keTalAeka mANasa marAyA, UnamIyAMthI barobara kArabhAra nahi thavAne lIdhe bhAramalajIe lakSmIdAsane divAna banAvyo eTale huzenIyAM aMjAra pragaNuM kabaje karI

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(20) beTho tA. 11mI ogasTa sane 1815nA roja vAgaDanA luMTArAoe, kaptAna mikamae ghATIlA pAse chAvaNuM karI hatI te luMTI; jethI rAva vAgaDa upara caDhayA ane kanala ISTanI saradArI nIce tA. 14mI Dise mbara nA roja 4000 aMgrejI ane bIjA gAyakavADI svAronuM lazkara AvyuM. keTalAeka luTArAo tAbe thayA ane huzena mIyAM vagere keTalAeka sAme thayA tethI tA. 25mI DIsembarane roja laDAI cAlI. Akhare huzenamIyAM tAbe thayo tathA aMjAra pragaNuM Igrejoe jItI lIdhuM. A pragaNuM I. sa. 1823mAM aMgrejoe rU. 88 hajAra levA kabula karI rAvane soMpyuM. kacchanI khaTapaTa maTI nahi ane tophAna cAlatAM rahyAM tethI kaccha khAte sane 1818nA jAnyuArI mAsathI Igreja sarakAra taraphathI resIDanTanI nImanoka thaI. pahele resIDenTa jemsa mikama nImAyo hato. rAva bhAramalajIthI rAjyano baMdobasta barAbara rahI zake nahi. tethI temane sane 1819nI sAlanA hunALAmAM gAdIethI padabhraSTa karI kedamAM rAkhI temanA traNa varasanA kuMvara dezalajIne besADyA. kuMvaranI bAlyAvasthAne lIdhe sarakAre rAjya calAvavAne resIDenTa, divAna ane bIjA cAra saradAro maLI 6 membaronI kamITI nImI. aMgreja sarakAre bALarAjA rAva dezalajIne sArI keLavaNI ApI ane te jyAre 19 varasanI umaranA thayA eTale tA. 8mI julAI sane 1834nA roja rAjyane kula adhikAra sopI dI. kacchamAM aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI resIDenTa nAmano adhikArI raheto hato te hedo badalI sarakAre tA. 1lI eprIla sane 1840thI polITIkala ejaMTa emAM TharAvyo. jADejAo dIkarIone dudha pItI karatA hatA te cAla dura karavA rAva dezalajInA rAjyanA vakhatamAM eka phaMDa thayuM. jemAMthI je joDe garIba mAlama paDe tene dIkarI paraNAvatI vakhata 400 karI ApavI ema che. I.sa. 151 mAM eka davAkhAnuM tathA nizALa ba dhAvyAM. I. sa. 185ramAM gulAmonA vepAra tathA satI samAdha vigerenA duSTa cAla baMdha karAvyA. temanA vakhatamAM prathama kuzaLacaMda tyAra pachI mahetA aMbArAma tyAra pachI Thakara nAnajIe divAnagIrI kIdhI. temanA pachI AgrAnA munazI bihArIlAlane bolAvI temane divAna banAvyA. te rAjakArabhAramAM eTalo ba kuzaLa hato ke tenA upara rAva potAno ane prajAno baha yAra hato. 27

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(210) rAva dezala jI I.sa. 1860 nI sAlamAM maraNa pAmyA. temane be kuMvara ane eka kuMvarI hatI. temanA pachI vaDA kuvara prAgamalajI gAdIe beThA ane bIjA kuMvara hamIrajIne terA pragaNuM garAsamAM maLyuM. kuMvarI khAi sAhebane iDaranA mahArAjA javAnasiMhajI sAthe paraNAvyAM hatAM. je veLA rAva prAgamalajI gAdIe beThA te veLA temanI umara 22 varasanI hatI. temanA pItAnA vakhatathI divAna bihArIlAla hatA; paraMtu i. sa. 1861nI zarUAtamAM te bharatapura gayA tethI temanA pachI mAtIlAla jIvaNadAsane eMTIMga divAna nImyA ane temanA pachI mahetA vallabhajI lAdhAne kAyama divAna khanAvyA. mAhArAjA rAvazrI prAgamalajIne yAM jhAlArANIzrI nAnIbAe pATavI kumArazrI kheMgArajIne saMvata 1923 nA zrAvaNavadI 13 (I. sa. 1867)nA roja janma Apyo. sane 188 nI sAlamAM rAvazrIe mehetA vallabhajI lAdhAne divAna gIrI uparathI khaseDI khAnabahAdura kAjI zAhAbuddInane divAna banAvyA; jyAre kAjI sAheba kaccha darkhAranA kAme vilAyata gayA tyAre temanI jagAnuM kAma rAvasAheba bhogIlAla prANavallabhadAsa, mahetA IzvaralAla occhavarAma ane motIrAma dalapattarAme calAvyuM hatuM. kAjIsAheba vilAyatathI pAchA AAvyA ane i. sa. 1874 nA phebruJArI mAsamAM te vaDodare gayA tyAM sudhI temaNe kacchamAM divAnagIrI kIdhI. temanA vaDodare javA pachI thoDI mudate rAvasAheba kRSNAjI lakSmaNane divAna khanAvyA. rAvazrI prAgamalajI pote keLavAyalA tathA anubhavI hatA ane vaLI temanA vakhatamAM je je divAna thayA te paNa sArA anubhavI hatA tethI temanA rAjyanA vakhatamAM kacchano navo kAyado racAvyo. pragaNAM khAMdhI tenA vahivaTadAro harAvyA, keLavaNI tathA vaidakakhAtAne teja para mANyu. ane IMgrejI rIta pramANe polIsa karI. rAjyamAM ThekANe ThekANe nyAyAdhiza harAvyA. cADavA DuMgaramAM "prAgasara" taLAva baMdhAvyuM. vaLI navI tu. rga ane zaradabAga banAvyA. temaNe eka moTo ane ramaNika mahela aMdhAvyo jenuM nAma "prAgamala" mehela evuM rAkhyuM che. sane 1871 nI sAlamAM (saMdhata 1927 nA zrAvaNa vadI 10 nA roja bIjA kumArazrI karaNajIno janma thayo. eja sAlamAM 1971 mAM rAvazrI prAgamalajIne na!madAra prejasarakAre "nAiTa grenDakamAnDara sTAra Aph iMDIgmAno khitAba Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat * www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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( 211 ) Apyo hato . te cAMda paheratI vakhata rAvazrIe sadarahu mahelamAM eka moTo dabadabA bharelo darakhAra bhA hato. eja sAlamAM mArANInA zAhajAdA Dayuka ek eDInabaronI muMbAi jaI mulAkAta lIdhI ane te zAhajAdAnA nAmathI doDhalAkha rUpIA kharaca karI vAlekanDa" hAIkula sthApI tathA mahArANInA vaDA zAhAAdA prInsaAvelsa sAthe I. sa. 1875 mAM muMbAI jai temanI mulAkAta lIdhI ane tenI yAdagIrI rAkhavA mAMDavI baMdaramAM purajo bAMdhavA pAyo nAMkhyo. e purajAnA kAmamAM be lAkha rUpIcyA kharaca thayA. tr rAvazrIe pote cautrA tathA suvara vageraeN 45 ghAtakI jAnavaronA zikAra kIdhA hatA. pote IMgrejI sArI rIte lakhI vAMcI jANatA hatA. temaNe rAjyamAM eTalAbadhA sudhArA kIdhA che ke jo te lakhIe to eka moTuM pustaka bharAI jAya. pote vartamAnapatrA ane pustako vAMcavA upara bahu pyAra rAkhatA hatA. rAvazrI prAgamalajI tA. 1 lI jAnyumArIsane 1876 nA roja potAnI 37 varasanI bhara jIvAnImAM maraNa pAmyA. temaNe potAnI pAchaLa pATavIkuMvara zrI khe MgArajI bIjA kuMvara karaNa jI ane kuMvarIzrIbAI rAjabA jemane bikAneranA mahArAjA DuMgasiMhajI sAthe paraNAvelAM che eTalAM pharajaMda mukyAM. vaDA kuMvarazrI kheMgArajIne tA. 3 jAnyuArI sane 1876 nA roja rAjyAbhiSeka karavAmAM Avyo. A vakhata temanI uMmara phakta 9 varasanI hatI tethI mahArAjA rAvazrI prAgamalajIe potAnA maraNa pehelAM rAjyano vahivaTa kevI rIte calAvavo te viSe baeNMka vIla karyuM hatuM. te pramANe IMgreja sarakAre kacchanA poliTikala ejaDha, divAna, rANAzrI jAlamasIMhajI, mAdhavalAla bApujI ane rava hIrAcaMda emane membara harAvI rIjansi kArabhAra calAvA mAMDyo. tathA rAvazrI kheMgArajIne IMgrejI vigere abhyAsanI keLavaNI JApavA mAMDI, divAnanI jagAe rAvabahAdUra maNIbhAI jasabhAinI nImaNoka thai. rAjakatA rAvazrI kheMgArajIne keLavaNI ApavAmAM ane rAjyane sArIpeThe sudhAravAmAM mA divAne ghaNuM lakSa ApyuM hatuM. sane 1880 nI sAlamAM muMbAI sarakAre divAna rAvabahAdura maNIbhAI jasabhAIne divAna pada choDAvyuM manete jazApara rAvabahAdura naMdazaMkara tuLajAzaMkaranI nAmanoka kIdhI. temaja rA

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(212) NAzrI jAlamasiMhajIne dura karyA. paraMtu rAvazrI kheMgArajIe sarakAra sAthe laDI mmA nImanoka rada karAvI tathA rAvabahAdura maNIbhAi jazabhAine phera divAna padapara lAvyA temaja rANAzrI jAlamasiMhane mATe je TharAva thayo hato te rada karAvyo. sane 1886 nI sAlamAM mahArAjA rAvazrI kheMgArajI rAnya calAvavAne lAyaka thavAthI temane rAjyano kula adhikAra soMpI devAmAM mAnyo. nAmadAra IMgreja sarakAre mahArAjA zrI rAvakheMgArajIne savAi khahAdurano ane temanA divAna rAvabahAdura maNIbhAI jasabhAino "divAna bahAdura" no evA umadA khitAba ApyA che. mahArAjA rAvazrI kheMgArajIne IMgreja sarakAra taraphathI 17 topanuM mAna maLeche. kacchanA rAjyanI lazkarI paddhati IMglAMDamAM jInA vakhatamAM cAlatI DyuDala dhArAne lagatIche. e rAjyanA lazkaramAM 404 pAyadaLa, 240 svAra 495 cyAraba, 34 topa ane 40 goladA ane mA upa rAMta 300 Iregyulara pAyadaLa che. kherapura. A rAjya siMdha prAMtamAM izAnakoNanA bhAgamAM che ane tenA rAjya katA balucI jAtanA musalamAna tathA te "khAna'nI paDhIthI oLakhAya che. sImA--uttare ane vAvyakoNa taraph zikArapUra glo, IzAna koNe siMdhanI upalI sarahadano mulaka, pUrve byasalamIranuM rAjya, dakSiNe thara ane pArakarano mulaka ane nairUtya koNa tathA pazcime haidrAbAda gloche. mA rAjyano vistAra 6109 corasamala jamAna jeTalo ane temAM vastI 130000 (eka lAkha trIza hajAra) mANasanI che. vArasika upaja rU572500 (pAMca lAkha chotera hajAra ane pAMcase) ne smAzare thAyache AmAMthI 3170000 jAgIradArone ApavA paDeche. dezanuM svarUpa mulaka vAyavyakoNu taraphathI te agni koNa tarapha lAMkho che. jamIna tathA nIpaja - jamIna ghaNuMkarIne sapATa che. siMdha dezamAM varasAdanI tANu hAvAnA kAraNathI naheronuM pANI pArka athavA nadInuM pura mAveche

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(13) ane jamIna upara pharI vaLe che. te pANI pAIne khetI karavAmAM Ave che. nipaja juvAra, bAjarI, ghaUM, gaLI, rU, tamAku tala vigerenI thAya che. ne neherovaDe je pANI pAvAmAM Ave che tenAthI bAjarI ane juvAra pAke che ane pura AvyA pachI pANI sukAya che te jamInamAM ghaUM tala vIgere pAke che. janAvara vagaDAmAM vAgha, cittA, haraNa, dIpaDAM, vana gadheDAM vigere hoya che ane gAma pazumAM, goDA, UMTa, meTAM, bakaro vigere hoya che. leka-musalamAna athavA jhATa ane balucI vigere musalamAna che. balucI loka garA tathA baLavAna che. bhATIA, valANA ane brAhmaNa vagere thoDA hiMdu lokanI paNa vastI che. relave paMjAbanA lAhora taraphathI siMdhamAM karAMcI sudhInI relave lAIna che te bera pUranA mulakamAM thaine gaelI che ane kherapUra zahera e eka relave sTezana che. mukhya zahera. para pUra e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM rAjya kartA khAna rahe che. ahIM eka polITIkala ejaMTa rahe che. ItihAsa-"rapuranA rAjyakartA jAtanA balucI musalamAna ane te tAlapUra kuTuMbanA che. dezanI DAbI bAjune bhAga kaerAnA chellA vaMzajo pAsethI I. sa. 1783 mAM mIra phatehaalIkhAne jItI lIdhe hato. ane pachIthI te siMdhamAM bhaLyo. I. sa. 1783 mAM mIraalI phatehakhAna tAlapura sIMdhamAM rAjakartA thaI paDyo ane Akhare tenA bhatrIjA mIra sorAbakhAna tAlapura potAnA be karA mIra rUstama ane ane alI murAde maLI kherapuranuM rAjya sthApyuM. A vakhate mIra serAbakhAnanA tAbAmAM kherapura ane tenI AsapAsano mulaka hato. paNa Akhare teNe bIje keTalAka mulaka chatI potAnuM rAjya utara tarapha sabajhalakoTa ane kAzamIra, pUrva jesalameranuM rAjya ane pazcima kacchArgadAvA sudhI vadhAryuM. I. sa. 1811 mAM mIrasarAe potAnA jIvatAM patAne chokarA mIra rUstamane gAdIe besADyo. paNa mIra rUstama ane alImurAda vacce takarAra thaI ane tethI temAMnA eka imejanI madada mAgI. I. sa. 1813 mAM jyAre kAbulamAM te kAna uThayuM tyAre mIroe khaMDaNI ApavI baMdha karI. siMdha deza "amIra ekhitAbanA musalamAna rAjyakartAonA tAbAmAM hato. siMdhanA uttara bhAganA amIronI gAdInuM zihera khera pUra ane dakSiNa bhAganA amIronuM zahera haidarAbAda hatuM. e

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(214) amIro sAthe I. sa. 1839 mAM IMgrejone salAhanA kolakarAra thayA hatA. e kolakarArathI mamIroe kabula karyu hatu ke te dara varase traNa lAkha rUpIJA khaMDaNI IMgrejone Ape ane tene badale 5000 mANasanI IMgrejI phoja siMdhanA nagaraThaThThAmAM ke koI bIje ThekANe rahe. bhamIroe jarUra paDe tyAre IMgrejonI madada mATe 3000 mANasanuM lazkara purUM pADavuM. teoe IMgrejanI salAha vagara bIjA koI darabAra joDaeN kAgaLa patrano vevAra rAkhavo nahi. kadI khadara madara TaMTo bakheDo thAya to IMgrejI resIDenTanI mAraphate teno phesalo thAya. ane siMdhu nadImAM thaine mAla Ave jAya ne je baMdare utare te baMdare mAtra tenI jakAta lerI; te vagara tenA upara bIjI khAkhata levI nahiM. AA zarato pramANe cAlavAmAM keTalIeka bAbatomAM amIro taraphathI kasura thavA mAMDI, jene mATe gavaranara janarale dIlagIrI batAvavA mAMDI. amIroe grejonI saratonA kabajAmAMthI mukta thavA madadane mATe paMjAbanA zIkha mahArAjA zerasiMgane kAgaLe| lakhyA tathA bIjI khaTapaTa karavA mAMDI ane virodhanAM anDa karavAnAM temanAM lakSaNaoNMgrejone mAlama paDyAM tethI I. sa. 1842 nA khAgaSTa mAsamAM gavarnara janarale prakhyAta amaladArI sara cArlasa naipIarane siMdhamAM mokalyo. badhA lazkaranI saradArIno tathA resIDenTano smRdhIkAra paNa teNeja calAvavo evo hukama thayo hato, teNe amIro joDe snehathI bolavA mAlavAno smArabha karyo ane IMglIza lazkaronI jagyA viSe vakhate vakhate To na thAya teTalA mATe karAMcI, sakkara, zIkArapura, vagere jagyAmA IMgrejone amIroe ApavI, bhAvalapuranA navAbe laDAimAM IMgrejone sArI madada karI hatI tenA badalAmAM ApavA mATe sabajalapura vigere keTalAeka prAMta havAle karavA. nadImAM teoe vepArIone duHkha devuM nahi ane e badhAnA nukazAnane badale IMgreja sarakAre temanA uparanI khaMDaNI mApha karavI, evo navA karArano kharaDo taiyAra thaI gavaranara janarala taraphathI mAvyo hato. te upara sahIcyA karavAne teA upara to kayA; ane kahyuM ke e karAranAmuM kabula nahi rAkho to mulaka laI leIzuM; ema Dara batAvI laDAInI taiyArI karavA mAMDI. amIroe paNa phojo tamAra

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(215) karI. aMgrejoe amIne ImAmagaDha nAme killo toDI pADyo tathA temAMnI mIlakta lUMTI lIdhI. pachI amAronA manamAM salAha karavAnA vicAra thAya, tene mATe mejara emane kamIzanara nImIne zarane pIare haidrAbAda mokalyo. TAmanA kahevAthI te lokoe karAranAmA upara sahIo karI, paraMtu temanA balucI saradAroe kurAnanA sogana khAIne niyama lI ke aMgrejono nAza karavo. AthI bIje dIvase te le ke emanI chAvaNa upara hallo karyo. aiAma deDha pahora sudhI temanA sAme laDyo ane chevaTa potAnA bacAva mATe nadImAM eka laDAinuM vahANa hatuM temAM jato rahyo. be dIvasa pachI sAlasa nepIara lazkara laIne haidrAbAda Avyo. tenI ane amIronI vacce prathama mIAnI AgaLa bhAre laDAI thaI. e laDAImAM aMgrejonI jIta thaIne tethI cha amIre Igrejone zaraNe AvyA, temAM rUstamakhAna, nasirakhAna, ane valImahamada e traNa paira pUranA ane nazIrakhAna zAhadAdakhAna ane husenakhAna e traNa haidrAbAdanA maLIne cha amIra hatA. greja sarakAre temane prathama sAsavaDanA killAmAM ane tyArapachI kalakate laI jaIne rAkhyA hatA. bIjI laDAIo thaI temAM paNa amIro hA. siMdhano Akho mulaka Igreja sarakAranA hAthamAM Avyo, temAMthI kherapuranA amIra mIraalI murAda prathamathI aMgrejo sAthe salAha rAkhI rahyA hatA tethI tene manuM rAjya nAnuM hatuM te kAyama rAkhIne bAkInuM aMgrejoe kabaje karyuM. tevAja prasaMgamAM amIra mIraalI merA Igreja AgaLa ekadastAveja raju karI batAvyuM ke mArA kuTuMbIoe amuka mulaka mane ApavAne kabula karyuM che te uparathI aMgreja sarakArete mulaka paNa temane se. A gaLa e kAgaLa banAvaTano che evuM mAlama paDavAthI te badale Apelo mulaka igreja sarakAre temanI pAsethI pALe lIdho ane prathamano je bhAga emanA tAbAmAM hato te bhAga kAyama rAkhyo. mIraalI murAdakhAna tAlapura tA. 9 mI navembara sane 1875nA IglAMDanA keTalAeka dayALu loka te amIro upara julama thayo ema sarakAra sAthe bole che (hiMdusthAna mahilA IMglIzanA rAjyano ItihAsa)

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(21) roja muMbAImAM nAmadAra mahArANInA pATavI zAhajAdA prInsa opha vesanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. tA. 1 lI jAnyuArI sana 1837nA roja leDalITane dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato, te vakhata mIraalI murAdakhAna dilhI gayA hatA. e darabAramAMthI temane temanA rAjyane mATe IMglIza zahenazAhI vAvaTo ApavA TharAva thayo hato. pote potAnA mulakamAM kula sattA bhogave che. nAmadAra amIra mIraalI murAdakhAna briTiza chAvaNImAM jAya te vakhata temane lazkarI salAmatI ane 15 topa phoDI mAna Ape che hAla temanI umara 34 varasanI che. kherapura-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. te siMdhu nadIthI purvamAM 15 mAIla ane roharIthI dakSiNamAM 17 mAilane cheTe che te maravA nAmanI nahera para AveluM che. zaheranI bAMdhaNI sArI nathI. tyAM tApa ghaNo paDe che ane jamIna bhInAzavALI hoya che tethI havA gISTa che. rAjamahela bajAranA madhya bhAgamAM che. zaheranI bahAra be musalamAna dharma gurUnI kabara che. temAM vastI Azare 25000 mANasanI che. sAMvatavADI. A rAjya kokaNane cheka dakSiNa cheDe che. ane tenA rAjyakartA bhosalA kuLanA mareThA che. tathA te sahesAInI padithI oLakhAya che. sImAA rAjyanI uttare ratAgIrI cho, pazcime arabI samudra, dakSiNe poTuMbIjanuM govA paNuM, ane pUrve kolhApura tathA belagAma challo che. A rAjyano vistAra 900 corasa mila jamIna jeTalo tathA temAM 1 zahera ane 25 gAma che. vastI 175000 (poNAbe lAkha) mANasanI che. vArSika upaja rU325000 (traNa lAkha pacIsa hajAra)ne Azare thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka cheka UMco nIco che. temAM DuMgarA, nALAM, nadIo, ane jaMgala ghaNAM che. temAM sarasa jAtane sAga thAya che. ane parvatomAMthI loDhAnA gucchA jaDe che. pUrva taraphano bhAga ghATanA pazcima utAra upara heine ghoDoka ghATane mathALe gaelo che. havA zarada che. varasAda ghaNo paDe che. jamIna bhejavALI che. nipajaDAMgara, ghauM,

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(217) juvAra, caNA nAgalI, ane kaThoLanI thAya che. nALIe ane haraDAM thAya che. janAvara-jaMgalamAM vAgha vigere jaMgalI janAvaro hoya che. bezo, baLada, geTA, bakarAM, vIgere uchare che. sApa ghaNA hoya che temaja nadIomAM magara paNa puSkaLa che. nadIela, kArabI ane terIpoLa e mukhya che. leka mareThA che. ane bhASA paNa mareThI che. mukhya zahera sAvaMtavADI e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM rAjakartA saradesAI rahe che. A zaheramAM bharatanAM khogIra, tosAna, ane lAkaDAne raMgIta sAmAna sAro thAya che. vaLI ahIMnA gaMjIphA paNa prasiddha che. ItihAsaema jaNAya che ke 6 thI 8 mA saikA sudhImAM sAMvatavADImAM cAlukya loka rAjya karatA hatA. dasamA saikAmAM pALada lAka rAjya karatA hatA. teramA saikAmAM cAlukya loka rAjya karatA hatA. cidamA sekAnI Akhare (1391) sAMvatavADI vijayanagaranA vaMzanA rAjAnA eka saradAranA hAtha nIce hatuM, paMdaramA saikAnA madhya bhAgamAM tyAM brAhmaNI vaMzanA rAjA rAjya karatA hatA ane paMdaramA saikAnI Akhare te bIjApuranA hAtha nIce hatuM. traNaso varasa upara I.sa.1554mAM maMgasAMvata bhosalA kuLanA mANase bIjApura sAme baLavo karyo ane sAMvatavADIthI 8 mAIlane cheTe koDavADa AgaLa bIjApuranA lazkarane harAvyuM ne pote jIvatAM sudhI svataMtra rahyA, paNa tenA maraNa pachI tenA vArase bIjApuranA khaMDIyA thayA. ema sAMvata pahelo sAMvatavADInA rAjAno muLa purUSa hato. te jAte bheMsalA kuLane mare hato. teNe sAMvatavADInuM rAjya pahela vaheluM sthApyuM. teNe pahela vahelAM vIjApuranA musalamAna rAjAonA hAtha nIce nokarI karavA mAMDI ane Akhare vArIno bhAgIdAra thayo. teNe I. sa. 1927 thI te 1940 sudhI rAjya karyuM. tenI pachI teno chokaro sema sAMvata gAdIe beTho. te arADha mahInA rAjya karI maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno bhAI lakhama sAMvata gAdIe beTho. jyAre prakhyAta zIvAjI tenI caDhatI sthItImAM hato. tyAre te tenI tarapheNamAM gayo. ane zivAjIe tene kAMkaNanA thoDA bhAgano saradesAI evo khitAba Apyo. paNa jyAre zivAjIne mAthe duHkha AvI paDyuM. tyAre te bIjApuranA rAjAnA pakSamAM jato rahyo. paNa I. sa. 161ramAM zivAjIe vArI upara caDhAI karI ne sAMvatone potAnA rakSaNa nIce AvavAnI jarUra www.unla

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(21) ' pADI. lakhama sAMvata I. sa. 1665 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI teno bhAI DasAMvata gAdIe be che. te 13 varsa rAjya karI maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chokaro ema sAMvata bIja gAdIe beTho. I. sa. 1707 mAM zivAjInA pAtra zAha rAjAe ema sAMvatane eka sanaMda ApI jethI sAMvatane potAnA mulakane purepuro kabaje maLyo. ane sAlasAI mahAlanI aDadhI upaja maLI. ema sAMvata I. sa. 1709 mAM maraNa pAmyo. ane tenI pAchaLa teno bhatrIjo phAMDa sAMvata gAdIe beThA. I. sa. 1030 mAM aMgrejoe kohAbAno rAjA kenajI egrIyA vArevAra humalo karato te aTakAvAne vArInA rAjA sAthe pehela vahelI salAha karI. A salAhamAM e karAra hato ke kolhAbAne je mulaka chatAya temAMthI gherIyA ane karInA beTa sivAya saghaLo mulaka sAMvatavADInA rAjAne sApa. phenDa sAMvata I. sa. 1938mAM maraNa pAmyo. ane tenI pAchaLa teno pitra rAmacaMdra sAMvata gAdIe be. teNe 10 varSa rAjya karyA pachI potAnA nAnA chokarA moTA masAMvatane rAjya sepyuM. ema sAMvata yAjIrAvanI chokarI vere para hato. tene dilhInA pAdazAhe rAvabahAdurano khitAba Apyo hato. tene tenA rAjyanI zarUAtamAM kolhApuranA rAjya sAthe laDAI thaI. A laDAInuM kAraNa e hatuM ke sAMva kolhApuranA rAjAthI svataMtra thayA hatA. A rAjAe sAMvatavADInA keTalAka killA laI lIdhA. paNa Akhare vADInA rAjAe sidhiyAnI madadathI pAchA laI lIdhA. vADInI ramata cAMcIyAno dhaMdho karatI tethI porTugIja ane IMgrejanI riyatane ghaNuM nukasAna thatuM. tethI sAMvatane temanI sAthe kacchao thayo. A aTakAvavAne I. sa. 1765mAM muMbAI thI mejara geraDana ane kapaTana jonasTananI saradArI nIce eka kAphalAne mokalavAmAM Avyo. paNa ema sAMvate tenI sAthe salAha karI A salAhathI darIyAthI te siMhadrI parvatanI taLeTI sudhIno kAla ane sA nadI vacceno mulaka ane laDAInA kharca mATe 1 lAkha rUpIyA A pavA evo karAra hato paNa teNe A sarato pALI nahi ne laDAI zarU karI paNa aMgrejoe tene bIjI salAha karavAnI jarUra pADI, AthI bemasAMvatane 1 lAkha rUpIyA vadhAre ApavAnI jarUra paDI. be sAMvatane

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(19) lAkha rUpIA nahi maLavAthI teNe tera varasa mATe vIralA paragaNuM Igrejane ApyuM. A paragaNuM aMgrejoe vIja komoTIma nAmanA mANasane te vakhata mATe ghareNe ApyuM. paNa I. sa. 1780. mAM masAvate vIjIne hAMkI kADhayo. vageralA upara humalo karyo ane te lIdhuM. ane IgrejanI keTalIeka malakta bathAvI paDyo. masAMvatanI A jItathI cAMcIyAno dhaM. ane luTaphATa vadhI ane te 32 varasa. sudhI cAlu rahI. jyAre moTo masAMvata 180 mAM maraNa pAmyo tyAre jAherAta luMTaphATa puSkaLa cAlatI hatI. teNe 48 varasa rAjya karyuM jyAre bemAsAMvata marI gayo tyAre tene cAra strIo hatI. temAMnI moTI lakSmI bAI rITa nIbhAI kamake masAMvatanI trIjI strI devIbAIne chokaro rAmacaMdra sAMvata gAdIno vArasa hato te kAcI umarane hato. lakSmI bAInA vakhatamAM kolhApuranA rAjAe sAMvatavADI upara caDhAI karI ane sAMvatavADIno killo lI. A aNInI vakhate lakSmIbAIe pezvA ane siMdhiyAnA Azrita visvAsa rAva ghATage ane ApA desAInI madada mAgI. ApA desAIe pezvAnI salAhathI madada ApI ne vArIno ghero. uThAvyo ane duzmanonA dezamAM laDAI calAvI. A desAIe potAnI sattA te deza upara sthApavA vicArathI lakSmIbAI ane phanDa sAMvata bIjAnI salAhathI temano kuMvara je gAdIno vArasa hato tene I. sa. 1807mAM kApI nAkhyo. paNa A ghAtakI kAmathI Apa sAhebane kaMI phAyado thayo nahIM. ApA sAhebanuM lazkara dhaNuM ghaTI gayuM hatuM. teno lAbha laI phanDasAMvata bIjAe tene dezamAMthI hAkI kADhyo. ane rAjyane kabaje potAne hAtha lI. A pachI thoDe vakhate lamIbAI maraNa pAmI. mayata sAMvatanI bIjI vidhavA strI Draga bAIe rIjaMTa nImAvAne haka ka; paNa ke, sAMvate tene nA pADI ane saghaLe rAjya kArabhAra potAne hAya lIdho. I. sa. 181ramAM Igrejoe cAMcIyAno dhaMdho baMdha pADavAne sAMvatavADI upara caDhAI karI. ane tyAMnA sAMvatane salAha karavAnI jarUra paDI. A salAhathI sAMvatoe vIgoralAno killo ane gujarATembaIno moraco aMgrejane Akho. AthI IgrejI vepArane dhaNI chuTa maLI. phAMDa sAMvata bIje i.sa. 141mAM maraNa pAmyo ane tene eka ema sAMvata trI je je gAdIno vArasa hato te kAcI umara hovAthI mAta.

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(20) desAInI vidhavA gabAI rIphaMTa nI mAI. gabAI bahAdura ane jerAvara hatI. A bAIe kolahApuranA rAjA upara caDhAI karI ane be kilAne ghero ghAlyo. aMgrejoe te choDI devAne teNIne kahyuM. paNa teNe mAnyuM nahi tethI aMgrejoe tenI sAme laDAI karI tenAM be paragaNAM laI lIdhAM ane rAjadhAnI upara hala karavAnI taiyArI karI. paNa I. sa. 1819 nA phebruArI mahinAmAM salAha karavAmAM AvI. A salAhathI aMgreje sAMvatavADInuM rakSaNa karavAnuM kabUla karyuM ane sAMvatee IgrejanuM uparIpaNuM kabUla karyuM. A salAhathI sAMvatone kAralI nadIthI te porTugIjanA mulaka sudhIno darIyA kinArAno mulaka ApavAno ane sAMvatavADImAM I. grejI lazkara rAkhavAne kabula karavuM paDayuM. A sarato sAMvate kaMI paNa takarAra vagara kabula karI. tethI bIje varase 30000 rUpIyAnI upajavALe mulaka pAcho ApavAmAM Avyo. DragabAI A salAha karavAmAM AvI tyAra pahelAM marI gaI hatI tethI phanDa sAMvata bIjAnI vidhavA savItarIbAI ane naranaDAbAI 1022 sudhI rIjaMTa nIbhAI ane tyAra pachI masAvata trIjAe dezane rAjyakArabhAra potAne hAtha lIve. paNa te rAjya karavAne zaktivAna nahotuM. ane tenA julamathI je baLavo thayo tene samAvavAne I. sa. 1830-3ra mAM IgrejanI madada mAgavI paDI. I. sa. 1832 mAM teNe aMgreja jeDe pharIthI salAha karI. A salAhathI aMgrejo je vajIra nIme te kabula karavA, tene IgrejanI marajI vagara nahi khaDavA ane te vacharanI zIkhAmaNa pramANe cAlavAne ane je lazkaranI jarUra paDe to tenuM kharaca ApavAne kabula karyuM. paNa A to teNe pALI nahi. tethI I. sa. 1838 mAM te rAjyano saghaLe kArabhAra Igreje potAne hAtha lIdhe ane dezamAM salAhasaMpa karyo. ema sAMvata trIjAne choko phanDa sAMvata je AnA sAhebanA nAmathI oLakhAya che. teNe ane tenA bhAIbaMdha e aMgrejathI svataMtra thavA IcchuM temane tAbe karyA. i. sa. 1857nA baLavAmAM bema sAMvata trIe ane tenA chokare ke temanI sattA laI levAmAM AvI hatI te paNa sArI madada karI. ema sAMvata trIje I.sa.1867mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI phanDa sAMvata trIje je AnA sAhebanA nAmathI oLakhAya che tene aMgreja sarakAre gAdIe besADyo. A rAjA aphINIyo hato. te 1869 nA mArca

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(221) mahInAmAM marI gayo. tenI pachI teno chokaro raghunAtha sAMvata je hAlano rAjA che te gAdIe kheDA, hIja hAInesa desAI raghunAtha sAMvata bhAMsa le hAla 23 varasanI umaranA che. temane halakA darajAnI sattA che. ane temane 9 topanuM mAna maLe che. rAjano kArabhAra IMgreja taraphathI cAle che. ma. hIMnA sAMvatane dattaka levAno haka che. jaMjIrA. A rAjya kAMkaNapaTImAM muMbAinI dakSiNamAM keTalAka melane che. che. ane tenA rAjyakatA habasI (sidI) jAtanA musalamAna tathA te navAbanI padmithI oLakhAya che. sImA--A rAjya muMbAI ane netAgirInI vaccovacca kAMThA uparache. sImA. uttare ane purve kohAbA chaThTho, dakSiNe khAMkoTa parvata ratnAgIrI chaThThAthI judo pADe che ane dakSiNe sarakhI samudra che. A rAjyano vistAra 325 corasamela jamIna jeTalo che. tathA temAM 226 gAma ane temAM vastI mAzare 75000 (pAMNolAkha ) mANasanI che. vAsika upaja 2376,000 (traNulAkha choterahajAra) ne khAzare thAyache ane navAbanI khAnagI upaja rU114300 nI thAya che dezanuM svarUpa deza kharAbAnI jamInano che. paraMtu koi koI ThekANe jamIna sArI che. tyAM DAMgera, juvAra, bAjarI, ane nAgalI vagerenI nipaja thAya che. lokanA pozaNano nibhAva cAkhAthI cAle che. gAmaDAMnA loka juvAra bAjarI khAya che ane zrImaMto ghaUM khAya che. janAvara khaLada, bheMsA, ane gAyo vagere hAya che. sApa ghaNA hAya che. loka mareThA che tathA thoDA musalamAno che. mukhya zahera jaMjIrA e kAMThAne lagato samudramAM eka nAnosarakho beTa che. te muMbAithI dakSiNamAM 44 mAilane cheTeche. temAM vastI 1784 mANasanI che. rAjyakatA navAba temAM killo bAMdhI raheche. jaMjIrAmAM kolhAbAnA kakeTaranI sattA nIcenA khAsIsTa, poliTikala ejaMTa murAda je jaMjIrAthI 3 mAIla dura che. tyAM rahe che. jamInapara rAjA pUra karIne gAma che te DarAjapurane nAme oLakhAyache. e baMdara ghaNuM sArUM che. ItihAsa ---jaMjIrAnA rAjA sIdI jAtanA sunI musalamAna che ane te navAbanA khitAbathI eALakhAya che. I. sa. 1849mAM ahamadanagaranA nIjAmasAhI rAjAnA vakhatamAM eka ebIsInIana nokare vepArane khAnete bheTamAM 300 peTIo lAvavAnI paravAnagI meLavI. A dareka pe

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(22) TImAM kaika sIpAi hato. mmA sIpAIonI madadathI temaNe jaMjIrAno beTa ane daMDa rAjapurano kIlo laI lIdho. paNa pachIthI bIjApuranA rAtnae te laI lIvo. te musalamAnI kAphalo je bIjApuranA rAjAnA hAtha nIce hato tenA ebIsInIJAnA dariJAI senApatinA vaMzajo che. jaMjIrAnA kIllAmAM mareThAoe temane ghaNA saMtApyA tethI teoe eka juduM rAjya sthApyu ane ra gajebanI nokarImAM dAkhala thayA. smAra gajeba temanI nokarIthI ghaNo khuzI thayeA. teNe temAMnA mukhyane pAdazAhI kAphalAno phainApati TharAvyo ane te kAlAnA kharca mATe tene surata zaheranI upaja sApavAmAM AvI hatI. khA senApatinI mukhya krUraja surata baMdaranA vepAranuM ane je vahANo yAtrALune madhu laI jatAM temanuM rakSaNa karavAnI hatI I. sa. 1733mAM sIDIkAzIma yAkuTakhAne IMgrejonI sAthe salAha karI ane temA ghaNA nImakahalAla nIvaDyA. paNa teoe 1962 sudhI svataMtratA jArU rAkhI, cyate IMgreja amaladArane te kheTamAM rahevA dIvo nahi. I. sa. 1874mAM jaMjIrA IMgrejanI sattA nIce AvyuM. te koine khaMDaNI ApatuM nathI, I. sa. 1870mAM hI hAinesa sIdI IbrAhImakhAna Dayuka eka eDInabargane maLavAne sukhAi gayA hatA ane te tyAM jhAjho vakhata TakavAthI tenA amIroe tene padabhraSTa karyuM ane tenA chokarAne gAdIe besADyo. topaNa hiMdusthAnanI sarakAre IMgreja ejeMTonI zIkhAmaNa pramANe cAle ane rAjyamAM sudhAro karavo evI sarate tene pharIthI nImyo. ibrAhIma yAkutakhAna I. sa. 1 79mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI navAba sIdI mahamadakhAna gAdIe kheDA hIjha hAinesa navAba sIdI ibrAhIma yAkutakhAnane halakA dajAnI sa ttA che ane nava topanuM mAna maLeche. mA mAna tene 1977nA jAnyusmArI mahinAnI pahelI tArIkhe dilhImAM je bAdazAhI darakhAra bharavAna mAM ALyo hato tyAM maLyuM hatuM. hAlanA navAkha sIdI ahamadakhAna che temane datakanI sanada maLI nathI vArasAnI khAkhatamAM moTo chokaro gAdIgme khesato nathI paNa navA-khanA chokarAmAMnA jene rAjyanI uparI satA pasaMda kareche te vArasa thAche. mA rAjyanA lazkaramA 50 topa ane 700 gerIsananA ane polIsanA mAguse che.

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madrAsa ilAko.

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madrAsa IilAkAnAM dezI rAjyAnAM nAma, rAjakattAnAM nAma, khitAba, umara, jAta, kula jamAnanuM kSetraphaLa, vastI, vArasika upajanA sumAre AMkaDA khaMDaNI briTiza sarakAra taraphathI maLatAM tApanAM mAna ane gAmanI saMkhyA. naMbara. rAjyanuM rAjakatAnuM nAma. |khitAba. nAma. 1 trAvaNakora sArAja |mahArAjA kSetra phaLa jAta. vastI. upaja. khaM DaNI. dazAvaMzIkSatrI 6730 2401000 6022540 (00000 ra1 3719 (IMgrejane) kosIna takhArANarAva viramANu mahArAjA 536zAvaMzIkSetrI 1361 600000 puDukoTA. rAmacaMdra todImAna rAjA 59 zudra kAlala 1101 302000 4 rAmanAda.| rAjA 1450000 600000 432000 740000 tepanAM mAna. 2300000 17 (IMgrejane) 314000 (IMgrejane) 11 gAma. 606 197 (224)

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( 225 ) madrAsa ilAkA. smA lAko hiMdusthAnanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM che, ane tenA upar mamala karanAra mukhya adhikArI che te gavaranara kahevAya che ane te gavaranara janaralanA amala nIce che. sImA--mAnI uttare muMbAi IlAko, nijAmano mulaka, varADa prAMta, purve tathA agni koNe khagALAno upasAgara, dakSiNe hiMdI mahAsAgara nairUtya tathA pazcime arabI samudra Avelo che. mA ilAkAmAM nIce mujammu kSetraphaLa ane vastI che. kSetraphaLa vastI. 311702631 3378196 kula. 171698 34542827 JA ilAkAnA purva tathA pazcima kInArAparanA koTaka, kAnaDA ane malakhAra prAMto IMgreja sarakAranA khAsa amala nIce che; temaja trAvaNakora, kosIna, puDDakoTA, rAmanAda ane bIjA keTalAMeka nAnAM rAjyo dezIrAjAonA hAtha nIce che. mukhya nadIe. godAvarI A nadInuM muLa tryaMbaMka parvatamAM che te te khagALAnA upasAgarane maLeche . kRSnA. A nadInuM muLa mAhAbaLezvara upara che. A nadIne rastAmAM tuMgabhadrA nAmanI. nadI maLeche mahIMthI keTalAka mela mAgaLa gayA pachI tenA be phAMTA thAyache. A badhA kAMTA bhaMgALAnA upasAgarane maLeche. mA nadIne kaeNTalIka nAnI nadIo maLeche. 3 kAverI khA nadInuM muLa durgamAM che. aa nadardIne trIsInApallI zahera AgaLa keTalAka kAMTA chuTeche. AmAMno uttara taraphano kAMTo kolerna te dakSiNa taraphano kAMTo kAverInA nAmathI oLakhAya che. smA nadIne paNIka nAnI nadIo maLeche. mA zivAya panera, palAra, panAra, suvarNamukhI vIgere keTalIka nAnI nadI che. IMgrejI khAlasAmulaka 139698 dezI rAjyo 32000 sarovaro--cIlakA kAlora ane palIkattI vIgere che. parvata--pUrva ane pazcima dhATa tathA nilagirI mukhya che. cyA ilAkAmAM varasAda thazeDo ane te IzAnakoNa taraphathI vaseche. jamIna rasALa che paNa darayA kInArA pAsenI jamIna retALa che. nipaja--eraDI, rU, gaLA, tala, dIvelI, jIna, khAMDa, DAgara, ane cAmaDAM vage2e che. janAvara vASa, hAthI, haraNa, kutrAM dhoDA vagere che. kArIgarInI jaNase ahIM UMcI jA 29

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(226) ttanuM galagala baneche. loka haMdu, musalamAna, khristI vagere che. dharma hiMdu, musalamAnI, khristI ane yAhudI mukhya che. bhASA kAnaDI drAvIDI, telagI, hiMdustAnI vagere che. mukhya zahero madrAsa, machalIpaTaNa, rAjama darI tricInApallI, kojevarama, vIjayanagara, dezI rAjyomAM trivAma, trIsura DhAMJanura, cItura, mukhya zahero che. trAvaNakAra. smA rAjya 'trAvaNakora'' athavA 'tirUvaNakoru e nAmathI eLakhAya che. ane tenA rAja katA pama nAmamAM dazAvazI kSatrI che tathA te "mahArAjA"nI padmithI eALakhAyache, smA rAjya dakSiNa hiMdusthAnanA cheDA upara mAveluM che. sImA-uttare kocInanuM rAjya tathA IMgrejI koitura chaThTho purva madhurA tathA tinAvalI jIllA ane dakSiNa tathA pazcima dizAe hiMdI mahAsAgara che. gmA rAjyano vistAra 6730 corasamAilano che anetemAM 3719 gAma che. vastI mAzare 24 lAkha eka hajAra mANasanI che. vArSika upaja 2022540 (sADalAkha bAvIsahajAra pAMcase te cALIsa) nA mAzare thAya che. A rAjya IMgreja sarakArane rU800000 ( JADalAkha ) khaMDaNI mApeche. rAjyanuM svarUpa--thoDA varasothI mA dezanI jamInanuM nAma "dezAMta'" eTale dezano cheDo'' evuM paDeluM che. mA dezanA pUrve bhAgamAM prAcIna ane dhora araNya tathA parvato AvelA che. uttara bhAgamAM zuja bhAga svAbhAvika rakSaNa rahIta che. dhaNuMkarIne A deza jANe svAbhAvika killAthI rakSIta hAya tema najare paDeche. prAcInakALathI parazurAme samudranA relathI tathA dharatI kaMpathI smA dezanuM rakSaNa karyuM hatuM. ema kahevAyache. pazcima ghATanA parvatonI UMcAI koI koI ThekANe 7000 chuTa sudhInI che. mA dezamAMthI purva tarapha tinAvalI chaThThAmAM javAne mATe A dhATa upara thaine e rastA che. hiMdusthAnanI dakSiNe kanyAkumArI nAmano je prasiddha cheDo che te AA dezanA nicANu ane retALa bhAgamAM eka dakSiNe che. havA--mA dezanI havA dhaNI saradIvALI che tenuM kAraNa e che e mosamano varasAda varaseche. nerUtya koNa taraphanI mosamano varasAda dhaNo ane izAna taraphano eLe hAyache. A dezamAM dhaNo tApa 3 dhaNI TADha paDatI nathI, ghaNAM sarovara ane nadIone lIdhe dezamAM

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(227) jaLane raste javA AvavAne sArI seI paDe che. jamIna tathA nipaja kAMThAnI jamIna dhaNI rasALa ane nicI che tethI temAM sArI UMcI jAtanI puSkaLa DAMgara ane sAbu cokhA (vAMzIA cokhA) thAya che. UMcA ghATanI jamInamAM marI, sopArI nALIyera, elacI tathA aneka jAtanA mevA ane zAka tarakAranI vADIo thAya che. jaMgalomAM kAThanAM ane bIjA puSkaLa jhADo thAya che tathA teno vepAra cAle che. janAvara-gara ane jagalavALA bhAgamAM puSkaLa hAthI bhaTakatA phare che tathA te sivAya vAdha, cItrA, vanapADA, vanabeM, Dukara, rIMcha, ghaNI jAtanAM haraNa, sAbaane bIjAM jaMgalI janAva pharatAM phare che. nadIo ane sarovaromAM magara ghaNA ane moTA hoya che. ghaNUkarIne AkhA trAvaNakoranA rAjyamAM ghaNI jAtanA ane bhAre jherI sApa thAya che. AkhA hiMdusthAnanA bIjA badhA dezo karatAM trAvaNakonA mulakamAM ajagara mA thAya che ane te tyAM pUnya gaNAya che. jherI sAponA DaMzathI ghaNA loko maraNa pAme che tema chatAM tyAMnA loko temane jIvatA deva tarIke puje che. moTA moTA jAgIradAse potAnI jamIna paikInA ThaMDA ane alaga bhAgomAM sApone rahevA mATe raheThANa kare che. keTalAka prakhyAta devalomAM sApo ughADI rIte pharatA phare che. kRSNanuM eka maMdira che temAM saspanI pUjA vizeSa karIne thAya che. upara je maga batAvyA te ghaNI vakhata mANasane ghasaDI jAya che. e magarone lagatI hakIgatamAM prathama ema cAlatuM ke jyAre koI tahomatadAra guno nA kabula kare tyAre tene InasAphadAra taraphathI nadInA eka kinArAthI te sAmA kinArA sudhI tane kvAnuM kahevAmAM AvatuM. InasAphadAranA samajavA pramANe je te nirdoSa hoya te sahIsalAmata cAlyo jAya ane gunahegAra hoya te nadImAM sastAM magara tene khAI jatA. a pramANe cAlatuM paNa hAla te rIte inasApha nahi thatAM kAyadA thAya che. trAvaNakoranA viMchIo vize ema jaNAya che ke hiMdusthAnanA bIjA bhAgonI mAphaka A dezanA vichI lokane balakula za ke upadrava karatA nathI. loka-A dezanA loka hiMdu, musalamAna, IsmAIla ane khristI che. hiMdu paikInA asalI jAtanA brAhmaNe nAburI kahe che. temanAthI u= taratI jAta nAyara karIne che. tathA te sivAya bIjI aneka vAto che. nAburI brAhmaNamAM eka evo cAla che ke phakta moTA chokarAne lai ke

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(228) rAve che ane bIjAne kuMvArA rAkhe che. musalamAnamAM mApI, lavI, ane paThANa che. DuMgara upara rAnI loka vase che. istrAila thoDA che paNa temAM kALA ane gorA evA be bheda che. khristI traNa jAtanA che, sunI, romanakAtholIka ne proTesTaMTa che. A dezanI strIo vadhAre rUpavatI, gerI sukumAra, ane vadhAre lAvaNyatAvALI hoya che. temanA rUpanI mukhya zobhA temanA coTalAnA kALA bhammara jevA vALanI che. trAvaNakoranI strIo jeTalI svataMtrA tathA chuTa bhogave che teTalI hiMdusthAnanA bIjA koI paNa bhAganI strIo bhagavatI nahi haze. bhASA-mukhya karIne telaMgI ane kAvIDI cAle che. mukhya zahero-trivendrama e A rAjyanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM eka nAnI nadIne kinAre samudrathI doDha mAIlane cheTe che. temAM rAjakarta mAhArAja rahe che. A zahera eka baMdara che tathA tyAM sarakArI tAra AphIsa, posTa ophisa ane vidyAlayanAM sthaLa che Igreja sarakAra taraphathI keTaluMka lazkara ane eka resiDaMTa trIraMdramamAM rahe che. A zahera tinavahInA relave sTezanathI nairUtyakoNamAM Azare 75 mAilane cheTe che paNa Di trivendrama sudhI relave thavA nakkI karyuM che te sivAya--kayana, alI palI, aMjunegA, parakAda, kulama, aMbIkA ane kAtA vigere moTAM zeheze che. temAMnAM ghaNAM kharAM dariyA kinAre che. A rAjyamAM mAhArAja taraphathI posTa khAtu IlAya 6 cAle che. ItihAsa-ahIMnA rAjakartA paTama nAmamAM dazAvaMzI kSatrI che. trAvaNakoranI gAdI rAma rAjAnI kahevAya che. ema kahevAya che ke e mulaka parazurAme samudra pAsethI lIdhe ane tyAM eka jAtanA junA A dezI brAhmaNane vasAvyA. temaNe e dezanuM rAjya calAvavAne kSatrIone belAvyA tyArathI Aja sudhI tyAM kSatrInuM rAjya che. ema kahevAya che ke trAvaNakora e hiMdu kAyadA pramANe cAlanAruM eka rAjya che. te koI divasa musalamAna ke bIjAnI sattAmAM gayuM nathI. upalI tavArIkha sivAya bIjI prAcina hakIgata ApaNe jANyAmAM AvI nathI. te paNa I. sa. 1456nI sAlathI kaMIka vAta ajavALAmAM AvI che. A rAjyanI gAdInA vArasAnI rIta bIjA rAjyo karatAM judI rItanI che. rAjAnA maraNa pachI teno kuMvara gAdIe besato nathI. rAjakuMvara gAdIno vArasa gaNAto nathI. maranAra rAjAno bhAI vArasa

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(229) thAyache, paNa jo te na hAyato tenI benano dIkaro gAdIe bese che. jo khanane dIkaro na hoyato tenI dIkarIno dIkaro gAdIpati thAyache. koI koI vakhata dIkarIoe paNa gAdI bhogavI che. I. sa. 1740 mAM nAnA sa radAronI saMkhyA ghaNI vadhI paDavAthIane te lokoe baDa mane khakheDA karavAthI te khesADI devA mATe te vakhatanI rAjakartI bAie mastanaMdA varmA nAmanA potAnA eka sagAne rAjyano kula RdhikAra sAMpI dIvA ane te vakhata pachIthI te rAjyano barAbara ItihAsa maLI Ave che. rAjA mastanaMdAvoe DIlAthA nAmanA eka klemIsa yuropIananA hAtha nIce khaDA karelA lazkaranI madadathI I. sa. 1758 nI sAla sudhImAM pelA nAnA nAnA baMDakhora saradArone vaza karI potAnA rAjyane sArA pAyApara mANyuM. e rAjA I. sa. 1758 nI sAlamAM maraNa pAmyo. temanA pachI vAMjI bAvalA pemala nAmano rAjA gAdIe kheDo. teNe upalA yuropISmana senApatinA hAtha nIcenAlazkaramAM vadhAro karyo ane khaMDakhora saradAro bAkI rahyA hatA temane paNa te lazkaranI madadathI vaza karI tAbe karyA. mahipuranA rAjyanI eka lazkarI TukaDInA nAyaka haida rsmalIe I. sa. 1761 mAM potAnA rAjAne padabhraSTa karI pote aihisuranI gAdIe kheDA hato. tenA vakhatamAM I. sa. 1772 mAM mAhI taraphnA haidaranA phrenca satAvALA upara humalo karavA janArA IMgrejI lazkarane trAvaNakoranA rAjyamAM thaine javAno rasto rAjA vAMjIbAvalA perUmale JApyAthI, temaja I. sa. 1783 nI sAlamAM hedaranA bheTA TIpusulatAna ane IMgreja sarakAra vacce pAMnInI mAgaLa uDelI laDAI vakhata A rAjAne potAnI madadamAM AvavA kahI TIpue nANAMnI lAlaca ApelI paraMtu teno lAbha nahi karatAM rAjA vAMjI khAvalA perUmala IMgrejanI madadamAM rahyA tathA temanA lazkaranI madadathI iMgreja sarakAra phateha pAmI, A khate kAraNone lIdhe IMgreja sarakAre trAvaNakoranA rAjyanA hakonI saMbhALa rAkhavA mATe I. sa. 1784 nI sAlamAM kabula karyuM. TIpusulatAne malakhAra ane kAMnaDAnI jIta karI te mulaka laI lIdhA hatA. te banne mulakanI vacce trAvaNakoranuM rAjya hAvAthI tene jItI levA vicAra hato; paNa IMgreja sarakAranI madadathI teno paro lAgyo nahi, to paNa TIpu sulatAna trAvaNakoranA rAjyanI sarahada upara potAno

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(230) lazkarI dara calAvIne rAja karatA. rAjAne vakhate vakhata bhaDakAvato hato; jethI I. sa. 1788nI sAlamAM madrAsanI sarakArane araja kIdhI ke trAvaNakoranA rAjyanA lazkarane kavAyata zikhavavA mATe aMgreja amaladAro tathA te lazkaramAM 4 lazkarI amaladAro ane 12 sarajane ApavA. paraMtu Igreja sarakAre javAba Apyo ke IgrejI lazkaranA amaladAro aMgrejI lazkara zivAya bIjA koI rAjyanA lazkaro upara saradArI bhogavI nahi zake. evA kAraNane lIdhe e vAta kabula karavAmAM nahi Ave to paNa je tamArI marajI hoyato rAjyanI saMbhALa mATe tamArAja kharacathI igrejI lazkara rAkhavAmAM Ave. te uparathI rAjAe dara mahine 1750 paDA (ekajAtanA nANune sikko) ApavA kabula karyA. eka page cAra rUpIone thAya che ane tethI aMgrejI lazkaranI be beTelIyana trAvaNako2nA rAjyamAM rAkhavA TharyuM. A goThavaNa pramANe aMgrejI lazkara trAvaNakoranA rAjyamAM AvavAnI taiyArImAM hatuM tevAmAM mahisaranA rAjyamAM vasatA nAyara karIne UMcI jAtanA hiMduone vaTALI musalamAna banAvavA TIpu sulatAne julama karavA mAMDyo hato tethI te loka nAzIne A rAjyamAM AvatA rahyA. tethI TIpue trAvaNakoranA rAjya upara caDhAI karavAno vicAra karyo. A zivAya TIpune A rAjya upara caDhI AvavAnuM bIjuM paNa kAraNa hatuM. te e ke trAvaNakoranA rAjyanI sarahada uparanA je be kilA valA loka pAsethI rAjAe thoDA divasa thayAM vecANa lIdhA hatA te killA ane mahisura tathA trAvaNakoranI sImA upara rAjAe eka bhIMta anAmalI parvatathI te dariA kinArA lagI 30 mAIlanI laMbAInI baMdhAvI hatI tathI I. sa. 1788nA Disembara mahinAmAM A bhIMta AgaLa karuM eka moTuM sanma laIne Avyo ane humalo karI te killA jItI levAno prayatna kI; paNa temAM phateha pAmyo nahi tethI je ThekANe chAvaNI karI hatI tyAMthI thoDe dura DuMgaramAM eka chupo rasto hato tyAM thaI trAvaNakoranA rAjyamAM dAkhala thavA vicAra karyo. ane te raste cAlyo. paraMtu pahelI vakhata rAjAnA lazkarI mANasee tene aTakAvyo to paNa tene pata nahi karatAM bhIMtano keTaloka bhAga toDIne bhIMtanI roye Toce thaIne potAnA moTA me jyAM AgaLa chAvaNI karI hatI tyAM Avyo. thoDuMka

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(231), rAjAnuM lazkara bhIMtanA eka nAnA burajamAM hatuM teNe tene tathA tenI sAthenA mANasane goLIo mArI pAchA haThAvyA tethI TIpu pote ane tenuM lazkara gabharAIne nA. je ThekANe bhIMta teDIne bAkuM pADayuM hatuM temAM gabharAIne musalamAno paDyA kemake agADI je mANase hatAM teo khADA khodIne temAM ubhA hatA. paNa temanI pAchaLanA bhANasane khADA pADelAnI khabara nahatI tethI teo AgaLa dhakelatA hatA. sulatAna pote paNa A vakhata bharate bharata bo. je khADA paDyA hatA temAM ghaNuM sipAIo paDyA hatA tathA teo DubAvAthI temaja temane vAgavAthI dara khanI bhAre vedanAmAM paDyA hatA. jyAre TIpu A khADA AgaLa Avyo tyAre tenA nokoe khADAmAM je sipAIo paDyA hatA temanA upara thaI cAlIne tene laI gayA hatA. A pramANe TIpu ane tenA lazkarane saMkaTa paDavAthI teNe khIjavAIne evo TharAva karyo ke mAro jaya thAya e TalI topo zrIraMgapaTaNathI Ave tyAM sudhI A bhIMta AgaLa mAre chAvaNI karIne rahevuM. trAvaNakoranA rAjya upara TIpu sulatAne A je caDhAI karI te vagara kAraNanI hatI. teno mukhya heta rAjA ane aMgrejo vacce dastI hatI tathA rAjAe aMgrejone madada karelI te vera manamAM rAkhIne A caDhAI karI hatI, tethI igreja sarakAre A veLA TIpu sAme laDavA sArU eka sanya ubhu kIdhuM tathA tenI saradArI janarala mIsane ApI ane pezvA tathA nijAmane potAnI madadamAM bolAvavA TharAva karyo. gavaranara janarala le kAnevAlIsanA manamAM ema AvyuM ke laDAI karavA karatAM salAha thAya to sAruM. paraMtu TIpune ema lAgyuM ke Igrene mArAthI Dare che ema dhArI teNe I. sa. 1790 nA me mAsamAM trAvaNakoranA rAjyanI bhIMta tadana toDI pADI. e rAjyamAM dAkhala thaI ghaNuM ghAtakI kAma karyA ane trAvaNakara tathA tenA tAbAnAM ghaNAM zahera hAtha karI lIdhAM ane aMgrejoe rAjAnI madadamAM AvavA taiyArI karavA mAMDI te khabara sAMbhaLI TIpu potAnI rAjadhAnI zrIraMgapaTaNa pAcho go ane eka moTA sainya sAthe AvavA taiyArI karavA mAMDI. Igrejoe laDAine AraMbha karyo ane koImbatura pAse TIpune je killo hato te laI lIdho, TIpu temanA para caDhI Avyo paNa hArIne pAbe gayo ane vAvaNakorane je mulaka TIpune hAtha ga hato te pAcho Avyo.

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(232) i. sa. 1783mAM trAvaNakoranA rAja sAthe Igreja sarakAre je karAra kAM hatA temAMnA eka karArathI muMbAI sarakAra taraphathI banAta, hathI A che ane bIjI IgrejI banAvaTanI jazene badale trAvaNakoranA mulakamAM thatAM saghaLAM marI aMgreja sarakArane ApavA mATe rAjAe kabula kIdhuM hatuM. tyAra pachI eka bIjA kolakarAra nI sarata pramANe rAjAe bIjuM vadhAre IgrejI lazkara potAnA rAjyamAM rAkhavAnI goThavaNa karI. rAjA vAMjIbAvalA perUmAla I. sa. 1798mAM maraNa pAmyo. temanI gAdIe rAjA rAmAvaramA paramala beThA. temanA gAdI upara beThA pachI thoDA divasamAM e rAjaya saMbaMdhI aMgreja sarakAre navA kolakarAra karyA; temAM Igreja sarakAre lazkarI madada ApavI temAM vadhAro thavAthI rAjA pAsethI vadhAre rakama levI ema karyuM tathA rAjyanA vahIvaTamAM aMgreja sarakAranI dekharekha rahe tathA sadhaLAM sarakArI kAmomAM Igreja sarakAranI salAha levI ema bolI karI vahIvaTa aMgreja sarakArane soMpyo. tathA rAjyanI upajano pAMcamo bhAga tathA te uparAMta bIjA be lAkha rUpIA dara varase Igrejoe levA ema TharyuM. A goThavaNathI sadhaLo adhikAra chagrejenA hAthamAM gayo, tethI rAjAno divAna ane bIjA kArabhArIothI e vAta sahana thaI zakI nahi, jethI teoe nArAja thaI riyatanA moTA bhAgane uzkeryo ane 30000 lokone uzkeryA. e leke baLavo karyo tathA temaNe aMgrejo sAme jIta meLavavA mAMDI. baMDakhoroe resiDenTanA baMgalA upara hallo kayo. aMgrejI keTalAeka selajo bhula khAIne AlapAI baMdare utaryA temanI ke patharA bAMdhI temane pANImAM DubAvyA ane ko cInanA rAjAne potAnI taraphamAM levAne udyoga calAvyo; paNa tA. 15mI jAnyuArI sane 1809nA roja baMDakhora loko ane temano AgevAna divAna hArIne nAThe. phebruArI mAsamAM keTalAeka kilA Igrejoe jItI lIdhA tethI te divAne ja gelamAM nAsatAM nAsatAM eka devaLamAM jaI potAno jIva Apo pachI rAjAno vicAra Igrejo sAthe salAha karavAno tho ane je 34 selajarone divAnanA bhAIe AlapAI AgaLa kubAvyA hatA tethI tene rejImenTanI sAme rAjA pAse phAMsI devaDAvI. paNa A veLA Igrejoe vicAra karyo ke rAjA rAjya calAvavAne azakta che tathA temanuM rakSaNa karanArA bharUMsAvALA mANase nathI ema dhArI resiDenTane saghaLo

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(233). adhikAra sAMpI dIdho. A banAvathI A rAjya je atyAra sudhI svataMtra sattA bhogavatuM hatuM te havethI Igreja sarakAra nI bAMyadharI nIce eka tAbAnA rAjya tarIke gaNAvA lAgyuM. A pheraphAra pachI thoDA divasamAM eTale I. sa. 1811 mAM rAjA rAmAvaramA perUmala maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI te gAdI upara temanI bena limirANI teNIne kuMvara sAMpaDyo tyAM sudhI beThI ane rAjakArabhAra IMgrejI re.saDenTanA hAthamAM jema hato tema rahyo. A rAjyamAM AgalA jamAnAnI rUtI pramANe lAgu paDelA kaDhaMgA dhArA jevA ke halakA gunahegArone bhAre ane bhAre gunhegArone halakI zikSAo thatI hatI te A vakhata aMgrejI resiDenTe sudhArI ane cAlatA jamAnAne chAje evA kAyadA tathA goThavaNa karI, jethI yitane vyAjabI InasApha maLavA mAMDyo. tA. 18 mI eprila sane 1813 nA roja laphimarANIe eka kuMvarane janma Apyo, jenuM nAma vAtamI rAmAvaramA evuM nAma pADayuM ane tene trAvaNakoranI gAdIe besADyo tathA lalimarANI tenA taraphathI eka rijeTa tarIke TharI. bIje varase rANae eka bIjA kuMvarane janma Apyo; paNa te rANI turata maraNa pAmI tethI tene ThekANe tenI bena pArvatIbAI rijaMTa karI. A bAIne teja sAlamAM eTale I. sa. 1814 mAM resiDenTa rAjyane kula kArabhAra soMpI dI. pArvatIbAIe ghaNI sArI rIte kArabhAra calAvyo tathA I. sa. 1828mAM rAjA vAtamI rAmAvaramAM 16 varasanI umaranA thayA eTale pArvatIbAIe temane rAjyano saghaLe vahivaTa soMpI dIdhuM. rAjA rAmAvaramAM I. sa. 1846 mAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI temanA bhAI mAstaMdA rAjagAdIe beThA. temaNe 14 varasa sudhI salAha zAMtithI rAjya karyuM ane I. sa. 1890 mAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI rAjA bhI bAlArAmA varamAM je temanI dIkarInA dIkarA hatA te gAdIe beThA. te I. sa. 1880 mAM maraNa pAmyA ane temanA pachI temanA bhAI rAjA rAmAvaramAM gAdIe beThA. rAjA rAmAvaramAM potAnI 43 varasanI umare gAdIe beThA hatA. temano janma sane 1837nI sAlamAM thayo hato. lAMbA vakhata sudhI temaNe kuMvarapade rahIne saraTI mAdhavarAvanA hAtha nIce aMgrejI sArI UMcI keLavaNI lIdhI hatI ane 30

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(234) tethI hiMdusthAnanA rAjyavaMzIomAM te eka kAbela rAjA tarIke bahAra paDI AvyA hatA. keLavaNI kamIzananI tapAsa vakhata strI keLavaNInI bAbatamAM e rAjAe je umadA vicAro jaNAvyA hatA te uparathI tathA temane gAdI ApavAnI kriyA thaI te veLA temaNe karelA asarakAraka bhASaNa uparathI temanI kAbelIyatanuM mApa thaI AvyuM hatuM. eka rAjA tarIke te namunAdAra nIkaLyA hatA. temaNe potAnA rAjyamAM mahesulanA, InasAphanA, keLavaNInA, polIsa, vaidaka, posTa, ane sudharAI vagere khAtAomAM ghaNo sudhArA karyA tathA keTalAMka dharmAdA kAmo kIdhAM hatAM. te vadhAre varasa jIvI prajAne dinAradina sukhamAM vadhAro kare ema prajAne AziravAda hato. paraMtu duSTakALe temane potAnI 4 varasanI juvAna vayamAM tA. 5 mI ogasTa sane 1885 nA roja rAtanA sAta vAge jhaDapI lIdhA. jethI zaheramAM bhAre dilagIrI phelAI hatI. A rAjA jalaMdaranA rogathI eka mAsa sudhI sakhata mAMdagI bhogavI maraNa pAmyA. eja tArIkhe temanI lAsane rAtanA bAra vAge agnisaMskAra karavAmAM Avyo hato. jyAre temane smazAnamAM laI javAmAM AvyA te veLA sAthe sAthe amIra, umarAvo, amaladAro ane prajAe ughADe mAthe sAthe lazkarI damAmathI jaI mAna ApyuM hatuM. maraNanI vakhata 48 tepa phoDavAmAM AvI hatI ane zaheramAM traNa divasa sudhI haDatALa pADavAmAM AvI hatI. mahArAjA rAmA varamA pachI temanI gAdIe temanA bhANeja IsarAja beThA che. te trAvaNakoranA hAlanA mahArAjA che. trAvaNakoranuM rAjya hiMdusthAnanA eka dakSiNa cheDA upara moTAmAM moTuM che, mAhArAjAne aMgreja sarakAra taraphathI 21 temanuM mAna maLe che tathA e rAjyanI lazkarI paddhati IglAMDamAM junA vakhatamAM cAlatI phayuDala dhArAne lagatI che, temanA rAjyanA kavAyatI lazkaramAM 1200 pAyadaLa 60 svAra ane tepa che. kAcIna. A rAjya malabAra prAMtanI dakSiNe che. sImA-uttara tathA pa kocona zahera baMdara che ane aMgreja sarakAranA tAbAmAM che paNa te rAja kocInanuM rAja kahevAya che. rAjagAdI trIpuramAM che.

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(235) zcima malabAra prAMta, dakSiNe trAvaNakoranuM rAjya, pUrve dIMdIgala jIllo ane nirUtyakoNa tarapha arabI samudra che. A rAjyano vistAra 1361 corasa mAIla 585 gAma ane temAM vastI Azare 200000 (chalAkha) mANasanI che temAM 400000 hiMdu, 136000 khrIstI, 33000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa che. vArasika upaja-1450000 (cAda lAkha pacAsa hajAra)ne Azare thAya che. te paikI rU.200000 (be lAkha) nAmadAra greja sarakArane khaMDaNInA Ape che. rAjyanuM svarUpa-A rAjyano ghaNe bhAga pahADI che to paNa 5zcimabhAga sivAyano keTaloka bhAga sapATa che. pazcima ghATanI UMcAI samudranI sapATIthI 4 thI te pa hajAra phuTa sudhInI che. samudra ane pahA vacce eka sAMkaDI paTTI che temAM nANAM ane samudranAM pANI maLIne banelAM moTAM moTAM sarovara che jemAM ghaNuM mAIla sudhI vahANa cAlI zake che. havA-A rAjyanA mulakanI havA ane pANI sArAM nathI, te rogISTa che jethI lokane eka navAI jevo roga thAya che. te evo ke mANasano eka paga sujIne ja thaI jAya che. e roganuM nAma aMgrejoe kocInalega" evuM pADeluM che. jamIna-mukhya karIne pahADI ane jaMgalavALI paNa phaLadrupa che. nipaja mukhya karIne DAMgara, marI, elakI, sepArI, khAMDa pakavavA jevI zeraDI, budANuM, taja, suMTha, ratALu ane konaphaLa thAya che. pahADa ane jaMgalavALA bhAgamAM sAgavigere kAThanAM ane devadAranAM jhADa puSkaLa thAya che. prakhyAta jAnavaro-jaMgalamAM moTA ane nAmAMkIta hAthInAM ToLe ToLAM bhaTakatAM phare che. vaLI vAgha, vanapADA, vanabhe ane ghaNI jAtanAM haraNa che. A dezamAM ghaNI jAtanA ane bhAre jheravALA sApa heya che. temaja nadIo ane sarovaramAM moTA moTA magara bahu javAmAM Ave che. sApa ane magara A dezamAM devatAI gaNAya che. loka-hiMdu, musalamAna, IsrAyala, yAhudI) ane khrIstI che. hiMdu paikInA asalI jAtanA brAhmaNe nAburI kahevAya che temanAthI utaratI jAta

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(236) nAyara nAmanI che ane te zivAya khIjI aneka jAto che. nAburI brAhmaNamAM eka navAi jevo cAla e che ke phakta moTA chokarAne lagna karAve che ane tenAthI nAnAcyAne kuMvArA rAkheche. musalamAnamAM mApIlelavI ane paThANo che. DuMgara upara rAnI loka vaseche. IsmAIla thoDA paNa temAM kALA ane gorA evA be bheda che. khrIstItraNa jAtanA che. suryAnI romana ketholIka ane proTesTaMTa che. A mulakanI strIo dhaNI rUpALI hoyache. bhASA--musalamAnomAM hiMdusthAnI smane hiMdumAM drAvaDI kholAyache mukhya zahera--trIsura e A rAjyanA vAvyakoNanA bhAgamAM che. te rAjadhAnInuM zehera che temAM rAjA raheche. e zeheramAM resIDenTanI chAvaNI, tAra ophIsa ane posTa ophIsa che. te kharapura relavenA puralI sTezanathI nerUtyakoNamAM trIsa mAilane cheTe che. sIvAya kAMganura, citura khalara pakSI ane edapakSI vigere moTAM zahero che. ItihAsa--rAjyanuM nAma "kocIna" che paraMtu kocInano killo hAla IMgreja sarakAranA tAbAmAM che ane rAjAnI gAdInuM mukhya zahera trIsura che. kocInanuM rAjya junuM che. tenI prAcIna tavArIkha jANavAmAM AvI nathI. jema trAvaNakoranA rAjyamAM rAjagAdInA vArasAnI rIta khIjA rAjyo karatAM judI rItanI che eTale rAjAnA maraNa pachI teno kuMvara gAdIe khesato nathI. rAjakuvara gAdIno vArasa gaNAto nathI paNa maranArano bhAI vArasa thAyache ne jo bhAI na hAya totenI benano dIkaro gAdIe kheseche. jo khetane paNa dIkaro na hoya to tenI dIkarIno dIkaro gAdIpati thAyache, tema kocInanA rAjyamAM paNa teja pramANe vahi vaTa cAle che. rAjakatA dazAvazI cheTIara zAkhAnA kSatrI che ane te trAvaNakoranA kuTuMbI che. temanA vaDIlo prathama malabAranA jhAmorIna rAjAnA khaMDIgmA ane tAkhedAra hatA. malAyAnA rAjanA bhAga paDyA tyAre cerUmA perUsalanA vakhatamAM kocInanuM rAja sthapAyuM ane teno vaMzaja hAla nAyarajAta rajapUtone maLatI che. e loka abhimAnI ane talavArImA che. te sipAIgIrInA dhaMdhAne vakhANe che temanAmAM eka evo cAla che ke vara kanyAnuM lagna thayA pachI te khahu moTAM thayA pachI * me tema durAcAra (vyabhicAra) kareche.

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(237) kocInamAM rAja kare che. jemAM parUmalakerolA (cera)no mulaka jemAM trAvaNakora ane malabAra AvelAM che tyAM 15 mA saikAmAM hAkema hite. paNa pachIthI te svataMtra thaI paDyo. porTugIja loko vepArane mATe hiMdanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM I. sa. 1498mAM malabAra kAMThe kAlIkaTa baMdare utaryA. temane I. sa. 1580mAM malabAranA jhAmarIna rAjAe kAlIkaTanI pAse vepAranI koThI (vakhAra) bAMdhavA paravAnagI ApI; paNa pachavADethI te koThI rAjAe teDI pADI. A veranA badalAmAM porTugIja saradAra kAbAle rAjAnAM vahANa tathA zaherano nAza karI kocIna baMdare Avyo. kocInanA rAjA je ke jhAmarInanA khaDIA hatA te paNa temane kAmarIna upara vera hatuM. porTugIja loke potAnA deza ane hiMda vacce vepAra calAvavAne kocInamAM koThI bAMdhI. kemake e baMdara vepArane mATe bahu sagavaDatAvALuM hatuM. jhAmorIna rAjAe kocInanA mulaka upara be humalA karyA paNa tenI sAme laDavAne porTugIja le ke rAjAne bhAre madada ApI hatI tethI jhAmarIna hArIne pAcho gayo hato. kocInanA rAjA je prathama jhAmarInanA tAbedAra hatA te maTIne porTugIjanA tAbedAra thayA. porTugIje kocInane killo bAMdhyo hato. porTugIjano amala Isa. 1905 mAM toDanAra valaMdAra laka thayA. e loka yuropamAMnA lAMDanA vatanI - 1 e lokane deza yuropamAM porTugAla nAme che te loka prathama i. sa. 149mAM hiMdamAM AvyA ane A deza tathA porTugAla vacce vepAra calAvyo. pachavADethI temaNe keTaleka deza jItI lIdho ane gevAmAM rAjadhAnI bAMdhI hatI. temane valaMdA leke namAvyA. jethI hAla temanA tAbAmAM phakta gevA, damaNa ane dIvano mulaka rahyo che. ( 2 valaMdA e lAMDanA vatanI hatA temaNe porTugIjanA vepArane toDI pADyo ane dhIme dhIme purva samudramAM dariAI sattA vadhArI. aMgreja ane valaMdA vacce ghaNA vakhata sudhI darIAI laDAIo cAlI. valadAe hiMdamAM madrAsa kinAre pAlakolumAM pahelavahelI vepAranI koThI bAMdhI. malabAra kAMThA upara porTugIjanAM je thANAM hatAM te I. sa. 1664mAM jItI lIdhAM. temaNe vepAramAM vepArIo upara julama karavA sajA 89 mAMDyo. aMgrejoe I. sa. 1758mAM cInasurAmAM valaMdA upara humalo karyo ane temanI sarvoparI sattA toDI. I.sa. 179 3 thI te 1811 sudhImAM je valaMdA pAsethI temanAM dareka rAjya jItI lIdhAM.)

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(238) hatA mane temaNe bhaMgALAmAM hugalI nadIne kinAre cInasurA baMdaramAM rAjadhAnI karI hatI. A valaMdA loke I. sa. 1662mAM kocInano killo ane zehera porTugIja loko upara humalA karI jItI lIdhAM. valadA lokanA amalamAM kocInanuM zehera ane tenuM aMdara vepAra rojagAramAM sArI AkhAdIpara AvyuM. valaMdA lAke kocInane jItyuM paNa rAjAnA mulakane kaMI paNa aDacaNa karI nathI. I. sa. 1759 mAM malakhAranA te vakhatanA jhAmorIna rAjAe ko saunanA rAjya upara eka moTA lazkara sAthe humalo kIvo. paraMtu trAvaNakoranA rAjA vAMjIbAvalA perUmale potAnA lazkarathI kocInane madada karI ane te madadathI malabAranA rAjAne pAchA jatuM rahevuM paDayuM. A madadanA badalAmAM kocInanA rAjAe trAvaNakoranA rAjAne keTalAeka mulaka Apyo hato. I. sa. 1776 sudhI kocInanA rAjAe potAnI svataMtratA jALavI rAkhI. paraMtu I. sa. 1761 mAM hemuranA hiMdurAjAne padabhraSTa karI te rAjyano mAlIka haidara nAmano e rAjyano eka nAyaka thaI paDyo hato teNe I. sa. 1776 mAM kocIna upara caDAI karI. mA vakhata haidare tene jItI lIdhuM. paNu khaMDaNI khesADI rAjya rAjAnA kukhajAmAM rahevA dIdhuM. jyAre uMdara maraNa pAmyo tyAre teno kheTo TIpu (TIpu sulatAna) ha~suranI gAdIe beTho hato. i. sa. 1790 mAM TIpu ane IMgreja sarakAra vacce laDAI thaI temAM TIpu hAyA eTale kocInanA rAjA perUmala ta Mbure teno dAkha choDI daI IMgreja sarakAranI uparI sattA kabula karI. I. sa. 1798 mAM kaMpanI sAthe salAha karI jethI haidare ane TIpune dara vase eka lAkha rUpIA khaMDaNI te IMgreja sarakArane ApavI kabula karI. iMgrejoe I. sa. valadA lokapara humalo karI temanI savAparI sattA toDI hatI 1793 thI te I. sa. 1811 sudhImAM valaMdA sAthe laDAkha kocInano killo valaMdA pAsethI IMgrejoe jItI lIdho to paNa tyAM je Daca (valaMdA)no kAyado cAlato hato te kAyama rAkhyo. jyAMsudhI smeTale i. sa. 1799 sudhI TIpuno amala mhesuramAM hato tyAM sudhI komona nArAjAegreja sarakAranuM uparIpaNuM kabula rAkhyuM ane rAva pramANe khaMDaNI bharI paNa tyArapachI temaNe IMgrejI amalano tucchakAra karavA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat rAjA prathama mApato hato 1758 mAM ane I. sa. thaI temAM www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(239) mAMDyo. I. sa. 1807 mAM trAvaNakoranA divAne keTalAeka igrene dariAmAM DubAvI mArI nAMkhyAM. AthI kocInanA rAjAnA divAne trAvaNakoranA divAna sAthe patra vehavAra calAvI eka moTuM lazkara ubhu karyuM ane resIDenTane mAravA kozIza kIdhI paNa temAM te niSphaLa thayA. I. sa. 1809 to paNa IgrejI lazkara upara humalo karyo. A humalAne IgrejI lazkare pAcho haThA. A vakhata rAjA ane aMgreja sarakAra vacce pharIthI kolakarAra thayA tethI kocInanA rAjyamAM aMgreja sarakAranuM lazkara rAkhavA TharyuM. A lazkaranA kharacane mATe prathama je 21 lAkha khaMDaNI hatI te vadhArI ane 2276037 nI karAvI tathA te dara varasanA cha haphate bharavI ema nakkI karyuM, vaLI Igreja sarakAranI maMjurI sivAya rAjAe potAnI nekarImAM koI paNa yuropIanane rAkhavo nahi. A vakhata keTalIka bAbatamAM rAjAnA kharacane mATe keTalAka mulaka kADhI ApI dezamAM kArabhAra karavAno haka Igreja sarakAre potAnA hAthamAM rAkhyo hato. A vakhate rAjyanI vArasika upaja rU4 lAkha ane 80 hajAranI hatI ane khaMDaNInI rakama vadhI tethI rAjya khaTapaTa vadhI paDI. AthI kocInanA resIDenTane divAna tarIke rAjakArabhAramAM vacce paDavAnI jarUra paDI; paNa rAjya AbAda sthitimAM AvyuM nahi. tethI I. sa. 1819mAM khaMDaNImAM ghaTADe karI rU 2 lAkha 40 hajArano AMka TharAvyo. ane pAchaLathI te be lAkha TharAvyA je hAla sudhI cAlu che. resIDenTa khetIvADI ane vepAra rojagAramAM ghaNe sudhAro karyo jethI vArasika upaja dinaparadina vadhavA mAMDI hAlamAM rU 14 lAkha sudhI upaja thAya che. I. sa. 1814mAM valaMdA ke kocInanA killAne adhikAra ja sarakArane saMpI dIdhe. kocInanA rAjyamAM Aje paNa ghaNA valaMdA loko nI vastI che. I. sa. 1839mAM rAjAnI kharAba cAlane lIdhe resIDenTane pharIthI rAjyano kArabhAra potAnA hAthamAM levAnI jarUra paDI ane te kArabhArathI rAjyanI vadhAre sArI AbAdI thaI. . sa. 1853 mAM rAvIva gAdIe beThA. e rAjA DAhyA ane udAra jIvanA hatA. temanA vakhatamAM rAjyanI AbAdI sArI thaI. potAnA dezamAM rastA, naheze. pula ane ghaNI jAtanAM lokopayogI kAmo thayo che. kocInanA baMdamAM AvatA jatA mAla upara je jakAta levAnI hatI

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(24) temAMnI keTalIka rAjA rAvIe kADhI nAMkhI che ane tethI dezane vepAra rojagAra ghaNe sAro cAle che. rAjA rAvIvarmA I. sa. 1864nI sAlamAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI tabA rANuM rAva vIramANa gAdIe beThA je hAlanA mahArAjA che. te I. sa. 1835mAM janmyo hato. hIjhahAInesa rAjA bA rANA rAva vImANane I. sa. 1871mAM sTAra opha iDIAnA nAITa kamAnDarano khitAba maLyo che. hIjhahAinesa rAjA mutA taMbA rANuM rAva vIramANu ke. sI. esa. AI. saMskRta sArI rIte jANe che. te rAjakArabhAra calAvavAne huMzIAra che. rAjAe potAnA pradhAna IzakeTa saMtonI minane sI. esa. AInI madadathI rAjyanAM judAM judAM khAtAmAM ghaNo sudhAro karyo che. kocInanA rAjyane Igreja sarakAra taraphathI dattakanI sanada maLI che. jethI jarUra paDe to vagara najarANuM Ape te gAdIne mATe dattaka laI zake che. mahArAjA mujAtAbA rANArAva briTiza chAvaNImAM jAya te veLA temane 17 tapanuM mAna ane lazkarI salAmatI maLe che. A rAjyanI lazkarI paddhatI IglAMDamAM junA vakhatamAM cAlatI phayuDalane lagatI che. rAjyanA lazkaramAM 3 5 ane 380 pedaLa mANasanuM lazkara rAkhavAnI sattA che rAjAnI umara hAla 55 varasanI che. rAjA I. sa. 1875nA DIsembaranI tA. 13 mIe mahArANI viTorIAnA pATavI kuMvara prInsa opha velsane maLavAne madrAsa sTezana para gayA hatA tyAM prInsa opha velse teno hAtha halAvyo hato ane aMtara vigere ApyuM hatuM. rAjAne phojadArImAM phAMzIno ane divAnImAM game teTalAne dAvo cukavavAne haka che. dukoTA. A rAjya "pukoTA" athavA rAjA todImAnane deza" e nAmathI oLakhAya che. A rAjya hiMdanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM agni koNa tarapha che sImA. uttare trIcinApalI chalo, purve taMjAvara challo ane dakSiNa tathA pazcima madhurA challo che. vistAra-1380 corasa mAIla che ane temAM vastI Azare 300000 (traNalAkha) mANasanI che. vArazIka upaja 3500000 (pAMca lAkha)ne Azare thAya che. mukhya zahera pukoTA che. e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane te valAra nadIne kAMThe che.

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(241) pukoTAnA rAjA teDamAnanA rAjA e nAmathI oLakhAya che. temaNe Igreja sAthe kaMI salAha karI nathI ane temanI nyAyanI korTanI kaMI dekharekha rAkhavAmAM AvatI nathI. to paNa te Igreja sarakAranA hAtha nIce che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 126 pAyadaLa, 21 dhADesvAra ane hathI ArabaMdha cAkaro, ane paheregIra uparAMta 3200 mIlIcIAnuM lazkara rahe che. rAjAnA cAkaraze Igreja sarakArane arajIo kare che ane teno cukAdo karavAne pilITIkala ejaMTa tarapha mokale che. A polITIkala ejanTane te rAjAne saghaLI bAbato viSe, temAM mukhyatve karIne kharca bAbata zIkhAmaNa devAne haka che. tenI raiyata jo aMgrejI hadamAM guno kare to teno cukAdo aMgrejI rAjyamAM thAya che. ToDImAna rAjAo dakSiNa hiMdusthAnamAM IgrejanA junA ane namakahalAla maLatIo che. hiMdustAnamAM savoparI sattAne mATe jene ca vacce laDAI thaI hatI temAM DImAna rAjAoe aMgrejone sArI madada karI hatI ane mukhyatve karIne tracinApalInI paDozamAM je uthalapAthala thaI hatI temAM sArI madada karI hatI. aMgrejone A rAjya sAthe pahelavahelo 153mAM tricInA pallInA gherA vakhate saMbaMdha thayo. A rAjAoe aMgrejone mahisaranA hedaraalInI sAme ane madhurA pragaNAnI zivagaMgAnI moTI jamInadArIne mATe takarAra uThI hatI temAM madada karI hatI. aMgreja sarakAre temane AvI sArI madadane mATe kIlAlI nAmanuM paragaNuM ane kIlo jenI upaja rU30000)nI hatI te ApyAM. A rAjAne dattaka levAnI sanaMda maLelI che. rAjA rAmacaMdra ToDImAna bahAdura je hAlanA rAjA che te jyAre temanA pitA raghunaMda toDImAna I.sa. 1839mAM maraNa pAmyA tyAre gAdIe beThA. te te vakhate 9 varasanA hatA. rAjA rAmacaMndra roDImAna bahAra pitAnI dezI bhAzA uparAMta aMgrejI, phreMca, tAmIlI, telagu, hiMdI ane mareThI bhASAo jANe che. mahArAjA hAla 60 varasanA che. ahIMnA rAjAne 11 topanuM mAna maLe che. rAmanAda (rAmanAtha.) ahIMnA rAjya karatA rAjA kahevAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare madhurA cho, purva ane dakSiNe samudra ane pazcime tividhI chalo che

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(242) A prAMta agnI koNe rAmezvara beTa tarapha lAMbe gaelo che. te neTa ane A prAMtanI vacce pAMbAna nAme sAmudradhunI che. vistAra 2400 cArasamila jeTalI jamInano che. A mulakanA satara bhAga karelA che. vastI Azare 2100 mANasanI che. upaja rU40000 che temAMthI rU314000 khaMDaNInA greja sarakArane Ape che. dezanuM svarUpa. A prAMta meDha pAdhara sadAna che. temAMthI sumAre aDadhI jamIna khetImAM lIdhelI che. bAkInI aDadhI retALa ane ujaDa che. samudra kinAre nALierI, tADa bAvaLi A vigere thAya che. mukhya nadI vegA che. loka-musalamAna khristI ane hiMda che. mukhya zahera-rAmanAda che. ahino saradAra maravAra jAtano che. pikalara je eka nAnuM gAmaDuM mArAnA rastA upara rAmanAdathI vAvya koNamAM 10 mAIla che te agAu rAjadhAnInuM zahera hatuM paNa 19mA saikAnI zarUAtamAM teoe potAnI rAjadhAnI rAmanAdamAM karI. tathA tyAM killo bAMdhI tenI AsapAsa khAI khodAvI. killAnA madhya bhAgamAM rAjAne mahela che. A prAMtane muLano jamInadAra ughatavana nAme hato te madarAnA rAjAne rAmiznara lagI laI gayo hato tethI te rAjAe tene A jamInadArI A pI ne rAjAnI paddhi ApI ane setu patino kitAba Apyo. I. sa. 1ramAM tIrUmAlanA maraNa pachI julama thaze. te vakhate setu pati (rAmanAdanA rAvane khitAba) oe potAnuM pramANIkapaNuM rAkhyuM. I. sa. 125 mAM rAmanAdanA keTalAka bhAga paDyA. i. sa. 1785 mAM tyAMnA jamInadAre baLavo karyo tethI tene padabhraSTa karI chagreja sarakAre tene baMdhIyAna tarIke madrAsa mokalI dIdho. i. sa. 1803mAM aMgreja sarakAre rAmanAda padabhraSTa thaelA jamInadAranI moTI bahenane ApyuM. rAmanAda mukhya zahera. vastI 10000 mANasanI che temAM 8000 hiMdu, 1700 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa loka che. ahi eka proTesTaMTa ane be saimanaketholIkanAM devaLa che.

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paMjAba ilAko.

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nasara kSetra Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 21 4 paMjaba IlAkA tAbAnA dezI rAjyonAM nAma, rAja kartAnAM nAma, khitAba, umara, jAta, phala jamInanuM kSetraphaLa, vasatI, vArasika upajano sumAre AMkaDo khaMDaNI briTiza sarakAra taraphathI maLatAM topanAM mAna ane gAmanI saMkhyA vagare. | rAjakartAnuM nAma. khitAba. tipanAM jAta. vastI. upaja. khaMDaNI. nAma. gAma. mAna. 1 kAzmIra pratApasiMha mahArAjA 27DegA22japuta 8800 1500000 8500000 ke patI ALA tIkAjIrAjendrasiMha mahArAjA 26 sIkha 58871500 000 4700000 3 bhAvalapora sAdaka mahamada navAba ra7 musalamAna | 15degdegdeg 0 0 0 00 1100000 jhIMda raghabIrasiMha sIkha 12 36 250 0 0 0 | 650000 3 | 42 3 5 nAbhA hIrasiMha rAjA 45 sIkha 928 212000 | 650000 3 | 445. kapurathalA jagatasiMha rAja 18 sIkha 620 252000 10000 00 5 131000 1 17 70 a ane ayo. ane ayo. lazkaranA khadhAnI jA jA. vastI ja. vastI 2ca badala gIranuM. | 250000 ]8000700 Igrejane. 7 maMdI vijayasiMha. rAja 43caMdravaMzI raja. 1000 150000 380008 11 4550 8 ka halura (vi-amIracaMda rAja rajaputa 448, 86000. 8600 0 11 1073 lAsa pura) 9 caMbA zAmasiMha rAjA 232japuta I ! 3180 3180 11pa700 | 240000 50000 | 11 | ka65 10 sukheta dastanIkanadanasena rAjA ri 32japuta | 10 0 0 0 0 11000 11 | 220 11 melarako TalA enAetaalIkhAna navAba musalamAna 165 71 00 0] 284000 11 | 115 12 sIramura (nAne hana) samazeraprakAra rAjA 42japuta | 175 112000 | 300000 11 2069 13pharIdakoTa vikramasiMha rAjA 47sIkha. | | 862 10 0 0 0 0 | 3000 0 0 | 11 / 168 (244) 474 52000 WWW.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(245) kula. paMjAba. A ilAko ghaNuM karIne hiMdusthAnanI uttare che ane tenA para amala karanAra lephaTananTa gavaranara kahevAya che. samA-uttare kAzmIrane mulaka ane himAlaya parvata che. pazcime sulemAna parvata, dakSiNe siMdhanuM retInuM medAna ane rajaputANA ane pUrva vAvya prAMta IlAko Avelo che. A ilAkAmAM nIce mujaba kSetraphaLa ane vastI che. igreja khAlasA mulaka 107988 kSetraphaLa ane 18850000 vastI che dezI rAjyo 35817 kSetraphaLa ane 3821000 vastI che. 1438.6 kSetraphaLa ane rara711000 vastI che aMgrejI khAlasA mulakamAM dilhI jIllo, simalAne pahADI muka, sIkha loka pAsethI jItI lIdhela mulaka, satalajanI dakSiNa ane pUrva taraphano mulaka, satalaja ane bIyA vacceno rasALa jALadhara Aba ane bIje keTaloka pahADI mulaka che ane dezI rAjyomAM kAzmIra, paTIAlA, bhAvalapura, hIMda, nAbhAkapurathalA, maMdI, kahalura, caMbA, sati ane bIjA keTalAMka nAnAM rAjya che. dezanuM svarUpa A dezamAM pAMca nadIo vahe che ane te parathI paMjAba nAma paDayuM che. bIAsa ane satalaja vaccenA pradezane jAlaMpara doAba, rAvI ane bIAsa vaccenA pradezane bArI doAba. cInAba ane rAvanI vaccenA pradezane recanA doAba, siMdhu ane jelama vaccenA pradezane siMdhasAgara doAba ane jelama ane sonAba vaccenA pradezane je doAba kahe che. A dezano utAra IzAna taraphathI nairUtya - rakana che. A sarvemAM siMdhasAgara doAba sarvathI moTo che. paNa bArI Aba, lAhora, amRtasara ane mulatAna vagere moTAM moTAM zaherone lIdhe vepArane mATe vadhAre anukuLa che. | mukhya nadIo-satalaja, A nadInuM muLa tibeTamAM che ane rarastAmAM bIAsa nadIno harakI gAma AgaLa saMgama thAya che. ahIMthI thoDeka dUra vahIne tene cInAba nadI maLe che. ane tyAMthI agADI jaIne siMdhu nadIne maLe che 2. bIAsa A nadInuM muLa kulumAMtamAM che. A nadI satalajane maLe che 3. rAvIAnuM mukha paNa bIAsanI * doAba eTale be nadIo vacceno mulaka.

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(24) pAse che. A nadI cInAba nadIne maLe che. A sivAya cinAba, chela5 ane siMdhu nadIo mukhya che. parvato-himAlaya ane sulemAna mukhya che. jamIna nadI kAMThAno pradeza ane jyAM nadInAM pANI neheranI mAraphate levAmAM AvyAM che. te bAtala karIe te deza rasALa nathI. jAlaMdhara doAbane pradeza saithI sALa che. nipaja-ghauM, DAMgara, bAjarI, jAra, java, gaLI, zeraDI, kapAsa khasakhasa, tamAku, kesara vigere che. janAvara-vAgha, siMha, dIpaDA, rIMcha, haraNa, zAhuDI vigere jaMgalI prANIo parvata upara mAlama paDe che. gAma DhoramAM, gAya, bheMsa, baLada, ghoDA, UMTa, vigere che. siMdhu nadImAM mAchalAMnI ghaNI cI jAto che. loka-jATa, sIkha, rajapUta, megala, paThANavigere jAte che. dharma hiMdu, musalamAnI, ane sIkha mukhya che. bhASA-hiMdusthAnI, urdu, ane jATakI che. mukhya zahero--dilhI, amRtasara, lAhera, mulatAna, sujAtAbAda, ane dezI rAjyomAM kAzmIra, jammu, patIALA, bhAvalapUra, ahamadapurA jhIMda, nAbhA vigere mukhya zahera che. kAzamIra. A dezanA rAjakartA rajaputa ne te mahArAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. e deza hiMdustAnanA cheka uttara bhAgamAM che. tenI cArebAju kArAkorama ane himAlaya paho AvelA che. sImA-tenI uttare kAra korama parvata, pUrva tibeTa deza, tathA dakSiNe aMgreja tAbAnA smitI ane lAhula prAMta tathA paMjAba ane pazcime paMjAba prAMta che. A rAjyano vistAra 80800 corasa mAIla jamInano che ane temAM vastI Azare 1500000 (paMdara lAkha) mANasanI che. vArasika upaja- sumAre 8500000 (paMcAsI lAkha) thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa-cAre bAju DuMgaro che ane tyAMthI jamIna utaratI utaratI jaI madhya bhAge sapATa jamIna Ave che. sapATa jamInanI lebAI 5 mAIla ane pahoLAI 40 mAIlane Azare che.

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(247) nadIo--siMdhu nadI enuM sukha tibeTa dezamAM che. tyAMthI himAlaya parvatanI khINomAM thaI kAzmIranA utara bhAgamAM thaI tyAMthI nerUtsyakoNa taraph paMjAba ane siMdhamAM jAyache. 2. jelama nadI mA dezamAM khArAsulA nAmano ghATa che. tenI khINomAMthI pragaTa thaI pUrva sarahada upara agADI paMjAbamAM jAyache. A nadIne purva taraphanA DuMgaromAMthI nIkaLI ghaNI nadI AvI maLeche. mukhya sarovara--dALa, e zrInagaranA IzAnakoNamAM che. te pAMca mAila lAMbu che. 2 engara, e zrInagaranI uttare che. mAnasbAla te jalamane jamaNe kinAre che. ane te kAzamIramAM sarvathI suMdara sarovara che. vulara e sarvathI moTuM che. te dasa mAIla lAMbu ane 1 mAIla pahoLu che. zmA zivAya keTalAMka sarovaro parvata upara che. temAM konsanAgapIra paMjAla parvatapara che. zIzAnAga, gagAbAlanAga ane saravalanAga mukhya che. khanIja padArtha--lADuM puSkaLa jaOM che. paNa te sArUM nathI, tAMkhAnI paNa khANu che, mane jelamazIgaranI retamAMthI sonuM jaDeche. kAzmIramAM dharatIkaMpa ghaNI vakhata thAyache. janAvara--rIMcha, cItrA, mATI sAbara (baDAsIMga) kolphAMharaNa, bulabula pakSI ghaNAM che. madhamAkha dhaNI hAvAne lIdhe madha sArU thAya che. havA-cyA dezanI havA dhaNI sArI che. zIkhALAmAM tADha ghaNI paDe che. ane dhaNuM karIne te mosamamAM jamIna kharI DhaMkAelI rahe che. varasAda ghaNA varase che. unALAmAM tApa ghaNA paDeche. paNa DuMgaro upara ThaMDI heAya che. sapATa jamInamAMche. ThekANe ThekANe nadI ane sarovara ghaNAM hAya che. jamIna dhaNI rasALa mane Ladrupa che; temAMnipaja, DAMgara, pA~, java, bAjarI, makAI, caNA ane kaThoLanI thAya che. zivAya yuropanA jevAM khaneka jAtanAM phula ane phaLa sArAM nipaje che. viSeza karIne zulAkhane mATe A deza hmaNo pakAya che. gulAbanuM attara kADhavAnA kAma mATe gulAbanA choDanI ropaNI bhrUNI thAya che. DuMgaranA utArapara ane khoSomAM devadAra ane khIjI jAtanAM jhADa sArAM ane puSkaLa thAyache kArIgarInA kAmamAM paNa A deza ghaNo pakAyache. kAzmIranI sAlo ghaNI sArI thAya che. te tibeTanA bakarAMnA UnanI thAya che. bakarAM e dezanAM khe jAtanAM thAya che. eka jAta pALelAM bakarAM mane bIjI jAta vagaDAu

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(248) bakarAMnI che. vagaDAmAM meDhAM ane rAnI kutarA thAya che. tenuM una paNa utareche. kAzmIranA loka A una tikheTathI lAvI tenI sAlo banAve che. e dezanI baMduko dhaNI vakhaNAya che. janAvara----kALAM ane pILacaTA raMganAM evAM judI judI jAtanAM rIMcha, dIpaDAM, cItrA, sAbara, mane ghaNI jAtanAMharaNa thAyache. mA dezamAM bulabula nAmanuM pakSI thAya che. te ghaNAM vakhaNAya che. madha paNa ghaNuM vakhaNAya che. loka--dekhAvaDA caherAnA ane UMcA hoyache. strIgmA dhaNI khubasurata hAya che. vastI eka bhAga hiMdu ane khe bhAga tAtAra vaMzanA susalamAno che. bhASA ghaNuMkarIne hiMdustAnI ane lIpI devanagarI che. mukhya zahera--kAzmIra athavA zrInagara che. temAM mahArAjAnuM unALA mATe makAna che. te rAjadhAnInuM zahera che tathA te jelama nadInA aMte kAMThA upara vaseluM che temAM sAlo khane che ane tyAM rezamanuM kArakhAnuMche. rAjadhAnInuM zahero ke kAzmIrI RthavA zrInagara che.to paNa mahArAjA paNuM karIne jammumAM raheche ane te rAvI nadInA kinArApara mAveluM che. e zahera A rAjyanA paNuM karIne dakSiNa bhAgamAM che. te zIAla kroTathI DAka IzAnakoNamAM 50 mAIlane cheTeche ane te khabhe zahera vacce che. zIyALakoTa e vajIrAbAda relave sTezanathI purvamAM 30 mAilane cheTeche. zivAyanAM moTA zahera--bijahAra,bArAjulA, islAmAbAda, pAmapura, sApura, ane zAhakhAva che. mA rAjyamAM ilAyaduM pokhAtu che. zIyALakAMTanI poSTaqIsathI kAzmIranI TapAlanI jA Ava thAyache. ItihAsa--daMtakathAeAnA mAdhArathI ema jaNAya che ke hiMdustAnanI smA eka "sukhadAyaka" khINu kAzmIramAM I. sa. pU. 2666 eTale mAjalagabhaga mAzare 4550 varasathI te uparahiMdurAjA amala karatA mAvelA che. vaLI ema paNa kahevAya che ke kAzmIranI khINa eka moTuM sarovara hatuM. mane tenI aMdara yAladeva nAme eka rAkSasa raheto hato A rAkSasane koI rUSIe hAMkI kADhayo ane tenuM nAma potAnA nAma uparathI pADayuM. jo ke kAzmIra upara sthIyana ane tAtAra dezanA laDavaismAcyAe uparA uparI ane dhaNI vakhata humalA kIdhA hatA tathA potAnA mamala khesADyA hatA. te thoDA varasano pologALA bAda karIe to Aja sudhI e dezapara hiMdurAnAeja rAjya karyuMche.

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(249) ema kahevAya che ke eAgajakhAna nAmanA sauthIana saradAre I. sa. pUrve thoDAka varasa pahelAM A deza upara eka moTI svArI karI hatI; temAM tene te vakhatanA kAzmIranA rAjA jagamAe mArI haThAvyo hato topaNa teNe 12 mahInA sudhI laDAI jArI rAkhI ane chevaTe te phAvyo hato ane tyAra pachI te tAtarI saradAronA hAthamAM gayuM hatuM ema jaNAya che. kemake I. sa. pUrve 150thI te 100 sudhInA varasAnI adhavacamAM tyAM tAtAra vaMzanA rAjya kanAcyA hatA. ema dAkhalA maLeche. topaNa hiMdustAna upara mahaMmada gIjanIe I. sa. 996thI te 1030 sudhImAM humalA kIdhA e vakhatamAM kAzmIramAM hiMduzmAnuM rAja hatuM ema spaSTa jaNAya che. mahamada gIjanavIe je humalA kIdhA temAMnA eka pherAmAM eTale I. sa. 1011mAM kAzmIra dezanI AbAdIne voko pahoMcADyo hato. paraMtuM jyAre te hiMdustAnathI pAcho pharyo tyAre kAzmIranA rAjAe tenA lazkaranA mANasane eka khINane raste caDhAvI bhulA pADI temano dhANa kADhI nAkhyo hato. tyAra pachI mahaMmada gIjanavI phera kAzmIramAM Avyo nahi tyAre pachI mAdamA saikAsudhI hiMdue nirAMte amala karyA kIvo. mA saikAmAM caganI aTakathI mALakhAtA tAtAra vaMzanA eka saradAre A dezane samuLago jItI lIvo hato. ane tenA vArasAnA hAthamAM I.sa. 1587 sudhI rahyo hato. mA vakhata dilhInA bAdazAha akabarazAhe mA dezane jItI lIdho tathA tene potAnA dilhInA rAjya sAthe joDI dIdhA ane pelA tAtAravazanA rAjya kattAne pAdazAhe potAnA darakhAramAM rAkhI amIrAta ane khIhAra taraphano mulaka jAgIramAM sthApyo. akabarazAha tyAra pachI traNa vakhata kAzmIramAM Avyo hato paNa tenA vaMzajo garamInI mosamamAM havAM khAvAne mATe ghaNI vakhata A dezamAM AvatA hatA. IrAnanA pAdazAha nAdIrazAhe I. sa. 1739mAM dilhInA mugala rAjya upara meLavelI kutehAmAM A deza teNe jItI lIvo hato. I. sa. 17952mAM durAnI vaMzanA sthApanAra ahamadazAhe te jItI lIvA hato tathA tene potAnA rAjya sAthe joDI dIdho hato. paraMtu I. sa. 1809nI sAlamAM te taraphanA hAkema mahaMmadaajImakhAne kA"lanA sattAvALAeAno dAvo tucchakArI kADhI tegmAnI sAme khaLavo karyo tathA kAzmIra dezamAM potesvataMtra rAjya sthApyuM. irAnathI ghaNI vakhata 32

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(25) tenA upara lazkara caDhI AvatuM hatuM paNa ahaMmada achatakhAnanA baLa AgaLa temanuM kaMI cAlatuM nahi. ane mAra khAIne pAchuM jatuM rahevuM paDatuM hatuM. I. sa. 1819mAM paMjAba (lAhora)nA zIkha mahArAja raNa tasIMhe kAzmIra upara svArI karI tathA rAjadhAnInuM zahera kAzmIra ane tenI AjubAjuno keTaloka mulaka jItI lI. kAzmIrano bAkI rahelo bhAga raNajItasIMhe jItavA mATe mahaMmada ajImakhAna upara svArIo karavA mAMDI. eTale teNe potAnI pAse je mulaka rahyo hato tene sAcavI rAkhavA tathA zIkhoe jItI lIdhelo mulaka pAcho meLavavA mATe I. sa. 1820mAM dilhInA IMgreja sattAvALAnI madada mAgI paNa te tene maLI nahi eTale raNajItasIMhe dhIme dhIme teno saghaLo mulaka jItI lIdhe. paMjAbanA mahArAjA raNajItasIhanA maraNa pachI I. sa. 1844mAM tenA darabAramAM ghaNI avyavasthA cAlI. tenA pachI teno kuMvara karakasiMha gAdIe beTho. te cAra mahinAmAM dagAthI marApo eTale zerasiMha mahArAjA thayo. te ane tenA kuMvaro paNa dagAthI marAyA. chevaTa raNachatasIMhanI vIdhavA rANuM caMdAkuMvare potAnA kuMvara lIpasIMhane gAdIe besADyo. rANI rAjya kArabhAra karatI hatI. tenI pAse mukhyakarIne tene eka yAra lAlasiMha, bhAI jerAvarasIMha ane jamuno gulAbasiMha vigere mukhya AgevAna hatA. sIkha mahArAjA ane aMgrejo vacce I. sa. 1845mAM laDAI thaI temAM Igreja sainyanA ghaNA mANaso marAyA. vaLI I. sa. 1846mAM sona nAmanA sthaLa AgaLa phera laDAI thaI ane te laDAImAM baMne taraphanAM ghaNAM mANasa bharAyAM. paNa 8mI mArca sane 1847nA roja salAha thaI temAM ema karyuM ke doAba prAMta tathA che. grejane laDAIne kharca thayo hoya te zIkharAjAe Apavo. paNa rAjAne nANAM nANuM nahi maLyAthI kAzmIrane hajArA prAMta aMgrejone sepyA. grejoe e mulaka jamuvALA gulAbasiMhane 1 karoDa rUpIe vecANa Apo. tathA tene kAzmIrano mahArAjA banAvyo. have e gulAbasIMha, koNa hato ane teNe rAjya zI rIte meLavyuM e vAta jANavI joIe. gulAbasIha e jAtano rajaputa ane te prathama paMjAbanA mahArAjA raNajItasIMhanA khAsa hajuranA saradAranA tAbAmAM svA

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( 251 ) ranI nokarImAM hato. te halakI paddhimAMthI vadhatAM vadhatAM raNajItasIMhanA lazkaramAM eka moTo saradAra banyo hato ane te padie pahoMcyA pachI rAnerInA saradAra agarakhAnane keda karI pakaDavAmAM bahu prakhyAtI meLavI hatI. tethI raNajItasiMhe tene munI jAgIra vaMzaparaMparAne mATe ApI hatI. A ThekANe teNe potAnI sattA kAyama karI ane tenI AjubAju nA rajaputa saradAro tathA jamInadAronI jamIno kAvAdAvAthI athavAzIra jarIthI dAbatA jaI potAnA tAbAmAM lIdhI hatI. ane cheka lADaka sudhIno mulaka hAtha kI hato. raNajItasIMha tathA aMgrejo vacce laDAI thaI. te pahelAM zIkha lokomAM bakhe uTho hato. te vakhate thaelA pheraphAromAM tene khAlasAnA vaDA pradhAnanI jagyA maLI hatI. sobronanI laDAI pachI Igreje ane zIkha mahArAjA vacce je kola karAra thayA hatA te mAtra gulAbasIMhanI samaja zakti ane pagathI thayA hatA. igrejo sAthe paMjAbanA mahArAjAne chellI laDAI I. sa. 1848mAM thaI te veLA A samajavAna gulAbasiMha aMgrejonI phateha thaze evo vicAra bAMdhIne te sarakAranI geramarajI kheMcI levA jeganI kaMI paNa hINa cAla nahIM karatAM potAnI jamukhAtAnI jAgIramAMja rahIne laDAInuM DaLa jevA karato hato ane je ke cInI alavAlAnI laDAInA zaka bharelA chevaTathI tenuM mana Dhacupacu thayuM hatuM paNa mulatAna ane gujarAta (paMjAbamAM)nI laDAIomAM aMgreja sarakAranA lazkare meLavelI kIrtI bharelI phatehathI tenA te vicAra pharI gayA hatA. ane tethI teNe Igrene pakSa jALavI rAkhavAmAM DahApaNa vAparyuM hatuM. mahArAjA gulAbasiMha I. sa. 1857nI sAlamAM maraNa pAmyA. ne temanI pachI tenA kuMvara ranabIrasIMha kAzmIra athavA jamunI gAdIe beThA. eja sAlamAM hiMdustAnamAM baLavo jAgyo hato. ane temAM mahArAjA raNabIrasiMhe potAnuM lazkara cheka dilhI sudhI IgrejonI madada mATe kahyuM hatuM. tenA badalAmAM temane sarakAra taraphathI gavaranara janarale tA.1 navembara sane 1861nA roja darabAra bharI sTAphaDIAno khitAba Apyo hato. sane 185 nI sAlamAM mahArANInA pATavI kuMvara prInsa opha velsanI kalakatte mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. tA. 1 jAnyuArI 1877nA roja mahArANI vIkaTorIAe hiMdane mATe kesarIhIMda e pada dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. ane te

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(252 ) khAkhata te vakhatanA vAIsarAya lAuMlITananI sarakAre dilhImAM darakhAra bharyeA hato te darakhAramAM mahArAjA raNakhIrasIMha dilhImAM gayA hatA. A vakhata kasarehiMda taraphathI mahArAjAne nAmadAra mahArANInI phojanA eka janarala ane indra mahendra bahAdUra sIpAha sukSetAnI evIpadavI ApI hatI. vaLI e vakhata navI impIrIyalakAUnsIla sthApI tenA sabhAsado nImyA. temAM mahArAjA raNabIIMhane paNa eka sabhAsada ( IMgrejI rAbhyanA salAhakAra) nImyA hatA. yAdI cyA mahArAjAnI moTI khubI e hatI ke te potAnI prajAnI pharIsAMlaLavA mATe dararoja umADA cokamAM darakhAra bharIne sarvanI vAto sAMbhaLatA hatA temanA rAjyamAM vera cAlavAnAM gamAM cAlatAM hatAM paNa saghaLA vakhata temanI custa vaphAdArInA InAma tarIkhe te brITIza sarakAra taraphathI sAro pAra ane mAna bhogavI zakyA che. lADaeNlITananA amalanA vakhatamAM be vakhata e rAjya temanI pAsethI chInavI levAnI tavAi temanA upara AvI hatI paNa pachADIthI te vIcAra mAMDI vALyA hatA. mahArAjA raNakhIrasIMha suravIra hatA. A mahArAjA tA. 13 mAhe sapTembara sane 1885 nA roja maraNa pAmyA. mahArAjAnA maraNa pachI temanA kuMvara pratApasiMha gAdIe kheThA. e hAlanA mahArAjAche. temanI umara hAla 27 varasanIche. temane be bhAI ane cAra khenoche. mahArAjA pratApasiMhane IMgreja taraphathI 21 topanuM mAna maLeche, mahArAjAne datakanI sanaMda che. e rAjyanI lazkarI pati IMglAMDamAM junA vakhatamAM cAlatI kuMcuDaba dhArAne lagatI che. tenA rAjyanA kavAyatI lazkaramAM 88 laDAinI topa ane khIjI 80 topa, 1280 golaMdAja, 1400 ghoDesvAra, ane 2500 pAyadalanuM lazkara che. rAjya kArabhAramAM ghaNuM karIne hiMdu che. kAzmIrI athavA zrInagara--e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. e zahera darIyA sapATIthI para76 chuTa UMcuche. vastI--150000 mANasanI che. temAM 20000 hiMdu ane bIjA musalamAna che. makAnomAM mukhya bAradarI rAjamahela, killo, davAkhAnuM, nizALa, ane TaMkazALa che. smA zivAya

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(253) mazI ane devaLa puSkaLa che. zerIo sAMkaDI ane gaMdI che. zaheranI aMdara bajAra ghaNAM che tenI aMdara mahArAja gaMja mukhya bajAra che. takhatI sulemAna nAmane parvata zahera pAse che. tene mathALe saMkarAcAryanuM maMdIra che. prathama te buddha dharmanA lokanuM devaLa hatuM. ane te I. sa. pUrve 220 varasa upara azokanA chokarA jakAe bAMdhyuM hatuM. hAla te devaLa mazIda tarIke vaparAya che. zaheranI uttara tarapha harIparatAba nAmane parvata para killo che. te akabarazAhe I. sa. 1590mAM bAMdhyo hato. zera gAraDImAM killo ane rAjAno mahela che. jumAbhasIda paNa zaheranI aMdara che. A zaheramAM DAla nAmanuM sarovara che. patIAlA. A rAjya paMjAba prAMtanA sarahiMda bhAgamAM che. ane tenA rAja kartA "zIkha jAtane hiMdu che. tathA te mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. . A rAjya zIkha rAjyamAM moTAmAM moTuM che. ane te aMbAlA jIllAnI pazcime, sarasa jIllAnI uttare, bhutIAnAthI pUrvamAM, ane ludhI AnAthI dakSiNamAM che. - A rAjyano vistAra pArasa mAIla jamIna jeTalo che. ane temAM ra601 gAma tathA vastI Azare 1500000) padara lAkha mANasanI che. vArSika upaja sumAre 4000000 zuDatAlIsa lAkha rUpIA thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa A dezane uttara taraphane bhAga himAlayanA utAra upara che. pazcima taraphane bhAga sapATa che. dezane utAra IzAna koNa taraphathI te nairUtya koNa tarapha che. *zIkha jAtanA loka zIkha dharma pALe che. ane te hiMdu dharmanI eka zAkhA che. temanAmAM jatI bheda nathI. temanAmAM madhapAnanI baMdhI nathI. potAnA dharmamAM bIjAone le che. sipAigIrI karavI e te potAno dharma mAne che. prathama jeNe A dharma kADhaze te nAnaka nAme purUSa hato, te I. sa. 1499mAM lAhoranI pazcime 60 mailane aMtare rAyapUra nAmanuM gAma che tyAM janmyo hato. tenA ziSya tene gurU kahevA lAgyA. zIkha dharmanAM pustakomAM "AdI graMtha ane daza bAdazAhane graMtha enAmanAM pustaka che.

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( 254) jamIna tathA nipaja-jamIna rasALa che. temAM ghaUM, DAMgara, bAjarI, juvAra, taMbAku, zeraDI, java, maga, makAI, kapAsa ane kaThoLa nipaje che. IzAna koNa taraphanA bhAgamAM koI koI ThekANe DuMgaramAM bAvaLa vigerenA jhADanAM rAja che. vaLI khajurI, nAraMgI, aMjIra, ane zeturanAM jhADa paNa ghaNAM che. janAvara-vagaDAmAM vAdha cittA, dIpaDA, rIMcha, ane haraNa vagere che. gAmanA pazumAM UMTa, bhesa, gAya, pADA, baLadha, ghoDA, vagere hoya che. paraMtu UMTa vizeSa karIne dakSiNa bhAgamAM hoya che. loka-zIkha, jATa, gujara, rajaputa, vigere hiMdu temaja musalamAno che. bhASA-ura tathA jATakI che. relave--dilIthI lAhora sudhI je relave bAMdhI che. teno thoDo bhAga A rAjyanA IzAna koNamAM che. mukhya zahera-patI AlA e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjake mAhArAjA rahe che. e zahera aMbAlAnA relave sTesanathI vaza mAIla cheTe nirUtyakoNamAM che. ItihAsa-patI AlA A rAjya zIkha rAjyomAM sarvathI moTAmAM moTuM che. patIAlAnA mahArAjA zIkha jAtanA che. pataAlAnA rAjya kartA palakhana jAtanA che kAraNa ke teo paladharInA vaMzaja che. ahIMnA mahArAjAne muLa purUSa codhaDIyala nAmane eka kheDuta hato, teNe sataramA saikAnA madhya bhAgamAMnA nAbhA mulakamAM eka gAma vasAvyuM. dharIpalane tIlaka ane rAma nAmanA be chokarA hatA. AmAMnA moTA bekarA tIlakanA vaMzaje hAla jhIMda ane nAbhAnA mulakamAM rAjya kare che. ane bIjA bekarA rAme patI AlAnA rAjyanI sthApanA karI ane tenA vaMzaje hAla patI AlAmAM rAjya kare che. ahIMnA rAja sIMdhu jATa jAtanA zIkha che. bIjI jATa jAtonI peThe sIdhu jAte rajaputa che ane teo jaIsalanA vaMzaja che. jaIsala bhaTI rajaputa che ane teNe jaIsalameranuM rAjya ane zahera vasAvyuM. tene I. sa. 1180mAM baLavo thavAthI potAne deza beDI nAzI javuM paDyuM. sIdhuM jaIsalane vaMzaja che. sAMgara sIMdhune vaMzaja che. sAMgare bAbarane pANIpatanI laDAImAM madada karI hatI tethI tenA chokarA barIAmane bAbare codharI (mulakane upara) banAvyo. palA

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(255). ebarIAmane vaMzaja che. epalane gurU haragoviMda AzIrvAda Apyo hato ke tuM bhAgyavAna nIvaDIza. zAhajahAMna pAdazAhe tene codharIno khitAba Apo. te I. sa. 1952mAM maraNa pAmyo. alAsiMga je rAmano chokaro ane palano patra hato teNe navAba saiyadaalIkhAnane baranAlAnI laDAImAM harAvyo. abheTI ane bIjA - smano upara keTalIka jIta meLavI teNe patIAlAmAM killo bAMdhyo. jyAre I. sa. 1762mAM ahamadazAha kunIe tene baranAlAnI laDAImAM harAvyo tyAre te aphagAna laDAI karanArane tAbe thaze. ane tenI pAsethI rAjAno khitAba meLavyo. jyAre ahamadazAha nI A deza choDI gaze tyAre alAsiMga zIkha lokane saradAra banyo, ane sarahiMdanA aphaghAna hAkema upara humalo karI tene harAvIne mArI nAkhyo. sarahiMda zahera pharIthI bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM nahIM paNa tyAMnA rahevAzIo patIlAmAM jaI vasyA. ahamadazAha rAnIe jyAre pharIthI hiMdusthAna upara humalo karyo tyAre teNe patI AlAnA rAjA pAsethI khaMDaNI laI potAnA pakSamAM lI. ane jyAre rAnI pALe gayo tyAre rAjA tene lAhera sudhI vaLAvavAne gayo hato. alAsiMga I. sa. 165mAM patI AlAmAM maraNa pAmyo. alAsiMgane vArasa amarasiMga hato. tene ahamadazAha durAnIe i. sa. 157mAM rAjA IrAjagAna bahAdurano khitAba ane kaMko nizAna ApyAM. I. sa. 1772mAM mareThI saradAra jaMkojIrAvanA humalAthI bIhIne teNe khajAno ane javAhara bhatIndra mokalI dIdhuM. ane Akhare tenA bhAI hiMmatasiMge baLavo karI patIAlAno killo leI lI. paNa Akhare teNe potAne bacAva karyo ane saghaLA duzmane pAyamAlA karyA. paNa lAhoranA raNajItasiMga AgaLa tenuM kaMI cAlyuM nahi. I. sa. 1781mAM sAhebasiMga patIAlAnI gAdIe beTho. I. sa. 18mAM paMjAbamAM mukALa paDyo tethI tenI ghaNI paDatI thaI. paDezanA rAjAoe tene mulaka jItI lIdho ane keTalAka svataMtra thaI paDyA. paNa patI AlAnA rAjAe potAnA divAna ane bIjAonI madadathI potAno bacAva karyo. temaNe mareThAo sAthe salAha karI. je sadhaLAoe rAja upara caDAI karI hatI temane harAvyA. jyAre I. sa. 1803mAM

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(25) janarala ke dIkarIne kabaje lI. ane sIrajIje gAmanI salA hathI mareThA igrejanA tAbAmAM AvyA tyAre IgrejonI A bhAgamAM caDatI thaI. I. sa. 186mAM lAhoranA rAjA raNajItasiMhe te rAjyano kabaje levAne IcchavuM. tethI teNe teja varase satalajanI pelI pAranA rAjya levAno TharAva karyo. A bAbata aMgreja sarakAre tene kaMI aTakAva karyo nahi. A vakhata patIolA ane nAbhAnA rAjA vacce kaio thayo hato. AmAMno nAbhAno rAjA je azakta ho teNe raNajItasiMhanI madada mAgI. I. sa. 181nA okTobara mahinAmAM raNajItasiMge potAnA lazkarane laIne satalaja nadI oLaMgI ane pharI rAjAonI sAthe salAha karIne pAcho vaLyo. bIje varase eTale I. sa. 180mAM raNajItasiMhe pharIthI patIAlAnA rAjya upara caDhAI karI. A vakhata patI AlAnA rAjAne tenA rANI sAthe banatuM nahotuM tethI te rANIe raNajItasiMhanI madada mAgI. AthI satalaja nadInI pelImeranA rAjAonA manamAM ghaNI dhAstI uptana thaI ane temaNe gavaranara janaralane madada mATe apIla karI ane teo aMgreja sarakAranA rakSaNa nIce rahevAne ane temanA tAbedAra thavAne kabUla karyuM. paNa A apIlane gavaranare javAba Apyo te pahelAM rAjA ane rANI vacce salAha thaI ane tethI raNajItasIMga tyAMthI pAcho pharyo. A vakhata rAjA ane rANIe raNajItasiMhane ghaNuM mAna ApyuM ane hIrAne eka hAra ane pItalanI topa bakSIsa ApyAM paNa teNe keTalAka nAnA rAjAnA killA laI lIdhA. vaLI tene khabara maLI ke dilhImAM mArA vIrUdha goThavaNa thAya che. tethI teNe gavaranara janaralane kAgaLa lakhyo ke aMgrejane tAbe je jagyA che. te sivAya jamanAM nadInI pazcimanA mulaka upara mAro haka che. A viSe samajAvAne Igreja sarakAre raNachatasIMga pAse eka elacI mokalyo. paNa AthI raNajItasIMga gusse thayo. ane teNe satalaja nadI oLaMgIne aMbAlA lIdhuM. AthI Igreja sarakAre lazkara ekaThuM karyuM. ane raNajItasIMgane pAchA haThavAnI jarUra pADI. A vakhate I. sa. 1809nA eprIlamAsamAM raNajItasIMganI sAthe je salAha thaI hatI tethI raNajItasIMge satalajanI pelImeranA rAjAo

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(257) uparathI pitAne haka uThA ane patIAlAnA rAjAe aMgreja sarakArane laDAI vakhate madada karavAne kabula karyuM. sAhebasIMga I.sa. 1813mAM maraNa pAmyo. ane tenI pAchaLa karamasIMga gAdIe beTho. A rAjAe ijasarakArane nepALanI laDAImAM sArI madada karI hatI. A laDAIne che A tyAre aMgreja sarakAre patI AlAne rAjAne tathala ane bhagata rAjyono thA bhAga jenI upaja rU5000 hajAranI hatI te . tenA badalAmAM patI AlAnA rAjAe 3280000 Igrejane ApyA. I. sa. 1830mAM patI AlAnA mahArAjA karamasIMge sImalAne pahADI mulaka aMgreja sarakArane Apyo ane tenA badalAmAM Igreja sarakAre kholI pragaNAnAM traNa gAmaDAM tene ApyAM. karamasIMga 32 varasa rAjya karIne I.sa.1845mAM maraNa pAmyo. temanI pachI temane chokaro narImadarasIMga gAdIe beTho A vakhate lAhoranA sIkha rAjA sAthe pahelI laDAI thaI. A vakhata patIAlAnA rAjAe aMgrejane sArI madada karI ane nAbhAna rAjA zIkha tarapha hato. A madadanA badalAmAM aMgreje patIAlAnA rAjAne nAbhAnA rAjAno laI lIdhela mulaka jenI upaja rU 38000 nI hatI te bakhazIsa karyo. ane I. sa. 1847mAM tyAMnA rAjAe jagAta tathA rAhadArI nAkAM levAM baMdha karyA, tenA badalAmAM aMgreja sarakAre lAhoranA rAjA pAsethI laI lIdhelo mulaka tene Ape, mahArAjA narInadarasIMge I. sa. 1857nA baLavAmAM Igrejane pisA tathA lazkaranI madada karI hatI tenA badalAmAM IMgreja sarakAre tene jahAranA mulakano naphalonano bhAga jenI upaja rU.20000nI hatI te tathA bIjI keTalIka bheTa karI te evI sarate ke teno dIvAnI tathA phojadArI apIAra bhayanA vakhatamAM IMgreja sarakArane sAMpa. I. sa. 1860mAM tene eka bIjI sanaMda ApavAmAM AvI. A sanaMdathI tane dattaka levAne haka Igreje Akho. ane khaMDaNI levAno haka cheDI do. A pachI thoDA vakhatamAM tene eka bIjI sanaMda karI ApavAmAM AvI. A sanaMdathI aMgreja sarakArane tenuM devuM hatuM tenA badalAmAM keTalIka jamIna ApI. I. sa. 1861nA navembara mAsanI pahelI tArIkhe mahArAjAne sTAra opha IDIAnA grenDakamAnDara banAvyA. mahArAjA naranadarasIMga I. sa. 1892 nA navebaranI tArIkha 14mIe maraNa pAmyA. 33

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(255) temanI pachI teno khAra varasano kuMvara mahendrazIMga gArdIe kheDo, I. sa. 1870mAM mahendrasIMga pAkI umaranA thayAthI sadhaLA rAjya kArabhAra tene soMpavAmAM mAnyo. I. sa. 1871mAM mahArAjAne sTAraAkaDIAno mAnavato khitAba ApavAmAM mALyo. A mahArAjAno sadhaLA vakhata patIcyAlAmAM sudhAro karavAmAM gayo. teNe mahesulane mATe kAyadesara rIta dAkhala karI, ane teNe potAnA mulakamAM khArogyatAno sudhAro karavA mATe upAyo kIdhA. teNe patIAlAmAM eka kAleja ane davAkhAnA uparAMta potAnA rAjyamAM 86 skulo ane nava davAkhAnAM dAkhala karyo. teNe potAnA rAjyamAM tAraAEAkIsa dAkhala karI, ane jhusApharonI sagavaDane mATe mahendrasIrAI nAmanuM eka bhabhakAdAra makAna 3100000nA kharaca karatAM vadhAre kharacathI baMdhAvyuM. teNe satalaja nadI sudhI eka nahera khodAvI ghaNuM dayAnuM kAma karyuM. gmA sivAya khIjAM ghaNAM dayAnAM teNe kAma kayAche. teNe dukALanAvakhatamAM garIba lokane madada karavAne 2100000nIlAna IMgreja sarakArane khApI. teNe rU10000 kheMgALAnI rIlIpha kamITImAM bhAche. ane jyAre hIjharAIhAinesa-prInsapha velsa paMjAbamAM AvyA tyAre tenI yAdagIrIne vAste saraDonolDa mekalIoDa ane lArDa megmAnI yAdagIrIne vAste paMjAbanI yunIvarasITImAM 3106351 skolara sApa mApavAne mATe mApyA. hIjhahAinesa mahArAjA mahendrasiMga khahAdura. jI. sI. esa. spAI. I. sa. 1775nA DIsembaranI tA. 23 mIe jyAre prInsaJaka velsa kalakatta padhAryA tyAre tyAM hAjara hatA. I. sa, 1876nA eprIla mAsamAM mahArAjA lohI caDhI javAnA rogathI ekadama 26 varasanI umare maraNa pAmyA. temaNe be chokarA mUkyA hatA temAMnA moTA tIkAjIrAjendra gAdIe kheDo, temane rAjyAbhiSeka karavAmAM mAnyo te vakhate lArDalITane mahArANI vIkaTorIyAe mokalelI talavAra ane javAhIra bheTa karyeA. mahArAjA kAcI umaranA hAvAthI rAjyakArabhAra calAvavAne eka mITIMga nImavAmAM AvI mA kamITImAM saradAra devasIMga, najImanAmadArakhAnabahAdura, codharIyaratarAma, khamajJeyada, mahaMmada husenakhAnakhAhAdura ane mIrasunasIkhAna bahAdura mukhya hatA.

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(59) hIjhahAinesa mahArAjA tIkA rAjendrasIMga bAhArane 17 tapanuM mAna maLe che. temanI umara hAla 26 varasanI che. temane phAMsI devAno haka che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 750 ghoDesvAra, 14.03 pAyadala, 238 gelaMdAja, ane 109 tapa che temAM 3ra laDAInI ane 78 bIjI che patIAlA-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. te I. sa. 1752 mAM allAsiMge bAMdhyuM hatuM. vastI pa3000 mANasanI che. temAM 25000 hiMdu 21000 musalamAna ane bIjI paracuraNa jAta che. bhAvalapura A rAjya lAMbu ane sAMkaDI neLa sarakhuM che. tenA rAjakartA jAtanA musalamAna ane te navAbanI padithI oLakhAya che. sImAe rAjyanI vAvyakoNa tarapha siMdha ane paMjAba prAMta, Uttare paMjAba prAMta, IzAna tarapha bhatIyANa, purva dIzAe vikAnera ane jesalamIranuM rAjya, dakSiNe jasalameranuM rAjya, ane nairUtyakoNamAM siMdha prAMta che. A rAjyano vistAra 15000 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTaluM che ane temAM darara gAma che. vastI Azare. 600000 (chalAkha) mANasanI che. temAM 490000 musalamAna 90000 hiMdu 1700 zIkha ane bIjI paracuraNa jAte vArSika upaja sumAre 1200000 (seLa lAkha) thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa-ArAjyanA mulakamAM mukhyatve karIne baraDa retInAM medAna che. chaThThA bhAga jeTalI eTale dhArA (satalaja) nadI ane siMdhunadIne purva kinAre dasamaila sudhInI jamIna rasALa che. je baraDa retInAM medAna che temAM cAlatAM cAlatAM mANasa ane pazunA paga retImAM pesI jAya che. jyAM jamInanI aMdara kaThaNAsa ke cIkaNAza che tyAM ghAsanAM bhothAM mAtra ugelAM hoya che. bIje ThekANe kaMI ugatuM nathI. A medAnamAM mRgajaLane vAraMvAra camatkAra thayA kare che. havA rogISTa che. janAvara-je retInAM medAnamAM che temAM vAdha, cItrA, Dukara, ane ghaNI jAtanA haraNa hoya che. gAmanA pazu mAM mukhya karIne UMTa te ghaNAM hoya che. zivAya gAyo, bhese, ane ghaNI sarasa jAtanAM gheTAM heya che. nadI-siMdhu e A rAjyanI vAvyakoNanI sarahada upara vahe che.

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(260 ) dhArA urphe satalaja nadI izAna koNa taraphathI AvI vAvyakoNamAM mInakoTa AgaLa siMdhune maLe che. A nadI IzAna koNathI te vAvyakoNa sudhI A rAjya ane paMjAbanI sarahada batAve che. jamIna tathA nipaja je rasALa jamIna che temAM DAMgara, ghaU, gaLI, zeraDI, kapAsa, ane khasakhasanA choDa thAya che. loka mukhyatve karIne, jATa, balucI, aphagAnI ane paracuraNa jAtanA hiMdu hoya che. e badhA leka jorAvara, UMcA, ane dekhAvaDA che. relave--lAhorathI karAMcI sudhI je relave baMdhAyelI che tenI keTalIka bhAga A rAjyanA mulakamAM che. rAjadhAnInuM mukhya zahera bhAvalapura e paNa eka relave sTezana che. mukhya zahera. bhAlapUramAM rAjayakartA navAba sAheba rahe che. e zahera dhArA nadInA kinArA upara che. kaccha, laMgATIyo sAlo, pAghaDIo, vagere rezamI kApaDa hiMdu vaNakara ghaNuM sarasa banAveche. zaheranA AbarUdAra leka IrAna dezanA jevA pozAka pahere che tathA IrAnI bhASA bole che. bAkInA loka hiMdustAnI, prasIyana, ane balucI e traNe bhASA maLIne mIzrIta thaelI te bhASA bole che. zivAya tyAM moTAM zahera ahamadapura, UMca, khAnapUra, sabajakoTa, mAnathInAbAda, dhArI mukhaDIyAra khAna ane kherapUra vigere che. ItihAsabhAvalapuranA rAjakartA navAbanI padithI oLakhAya che. tene muLapurUSa dAudakhAna hato. teNe siMdhamAM zIkArapuramAM potAnI jAtanA mANasane ekaThA karyA; kAraNa ke kAbulane kurAnIbAdazAha je tyAM rAjya karato hato teNe temane temanA mulakamAMthI hAMkI kADhyA. tethI te ane tenA sobatIo siMdhu nadInI pazcime retALa medAnamAM AvIne vasyA. A vakhate tyAM jAta jAtanA hiMdu leka vasatA hatA. teNe potAnA saMbatIonI madadathI temane hAMkI kADhayA ane AgaLa pAchaLano mulaka jItI laI rAjya pada dhAraNa karyuM. tenA maraNa pachI tene choka mubAraka gAdIe beTho. teNe potAnA rAjyamAM ghaNo vadhAro karyo ane khaMDAlano mulaka je teNe bhATI jatanA loko pAsethI jItI lIdhe te potAnA rAjya sAthe joDI daI tenA mukhya zahera derAvaLamAM rAjadhAnI karI. mu. bAraka maraNa pAmyo tyAre bhAvalakhAna gAdIe beThA. teNe potAnA rAnyamAM paNa vadhAro karyo. teNe eka zahera vasAvyuM ne tenuM nAma bhAvala pUra

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(261) pADavuM. A uparathI A rAjya bhAvalapuranuM rAjya kahevAya che. bhAvalakhAna A zahera vasAvAmAM rokAyo hato eTalAmAM I.sa. 1780mAM kAbulanA badazAhe tenA upara caDhAI karI ne derAvaLane ghero ghAlyo ane te lIdhuM. bhAvalakhAna potAno bacAva karavAne azakta hovAthI te pAdazAhane tAbe thayo. ane bAdazAha tarIke tenuM uparIpaNuM kabula karyuM ane potAnI nImakahalAlInI khAtarIne mATe potAnA chokarA mubArakane bAdazAhane sopyo. mubAraka traNa varasa kAbulamAM rahyA ane pachI bhAvala para AvI potAnA bApanI sAme thayo temAM te hAryA ane keda pakaDAyo. paNa teno bApa marI gayo te pahelAM tene choDI dIdho hato. paNa bhAvalakhAnAnA chavatAM je saradAro tenI sAme thayA hatA temaNe tene mArI nAkhyo ane tenA nAnA bhAI sAdaka mahaMmadane gAdIe besADyo. sAdaka mahaMmadane potAnA sagAvahAlA mANaso ane te dezanA jorAvara rAjakastAnI sAthe bhAre laDAIo thaI paNa temAM te phateha pAmyo. kAbulanA durAnIbAdazAhanA vArasAne mATe kacchao thayo hato teno lAbha laIne pote kAbulanA bAdazAhathI svataMtra thayo. sAdakamahaMmadanA maraNa pachI tene chokaro bhAvalakhAna bIje navAbe thayo. A navAbanA vakhatamAM raNajItasIMga tenA mulakapara vAraMvAra caDhAI karato tethI te bhAre bIkamAM hato. tethI teNe vAraMvAra sIkha saradAranI sAme madadane mATe aMgreja sarakAranI madada mAgI paNa temaNe tenI nA pADI; paNa I. sa. 1809mAM aMgreja sarakAre raNajItasiMga sAthe je salAha karI tethI tene madada maLI. kAraNa ke A salAhathI - NajItasIMgane satalaja nadI oLaMgavAnI manA karI hatI. te paNa I. sa. 18 33mAM bhAvalapuranA navAba sAthe vepAranI chUTa mATe salAha karavAmAM AvI. A salAhathI aMgreja sarakAre tene tenA mulakamAM eka svataMtra rAjA tarIke kabula karyo. ane navAbe siMdhu ane satalaja nadImAM vepAra karavA mAMDyo. I. sa. 1838mAM aMgreja sarakAre zAhasujAne kAbulanI gAdIe besADyo. A vakhata navAba bhAvalakhAna sAthe eka bIjI salAha karavAmAM AvI. A salAhathI navAbe IgrejanuM uparIpaNuM kabula karyuM ane Imeja sarakAre tenuM rakSaNa karavAne kahyuM ane tenA dezane svataMtra rAjya tarIke kabula karyo. vaLI A salAhathI evuM kahyuM ke navAbe iMgreja sarakAranI paravAnagI vagara bIjA koI rAjya sAthe salAha karavI nahiM ane koI

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(22) sAthe takarAra thAya to tene cukAdo Igreja sarakAra kare. Igrejane aphadhAna loka sAthe je laDAI thaI temAM navAbe Igrejane sArI madada karI hatI ane tenA badalAmAM aMgreja sarakAre tene sabajakoTa ane bhaMgabAne mulaka Apyo. I. sa. 1848mAM bIjI sIkha sAthenI laDAImAM bhAvalakhAna IgrejI lazkara sAthe mulatAnanI laDAI laDyo ane bIjI keTalIka sArI nokarI bajAvI. AvI sArI nokarIne lIdhe aMgreja sarakAre tene jIvatA sudhI dara varase eka lAkha rUpIyAnuM penazana ApyuM.. bhAvalakhAna I.sa.185ramAM maraNa pAme teNe potAnuM rAjya potAna moTA chokarA phatehakhAnane nahIM ApatAM trIjA chokarA sAdakakhAnane A huM paNa A phatehakhAna khamI zakyo nahi. teNe lazkara ekaThuM karyuM ane tenA rAjyanA ghaNu saradAronI madadathI sAdakakhAnane gAdIethI uThADI mukyo. ane pote navAba thayo. sAdakakhAMe igreja sarakAranI madada mAgI paNa Igreje dezanA mahemAMhenA kajIAmAM vacce paDavA nA pADI. Akhare evI goThavaNa karavAmAM AvI ke sAdakakhAMe rAjya uparathI potAno saghaLo hAtha uThAvI de ane aMgrejI hadamAM rahevuM ane teno bhAI daramahIne 21600nuM penazana Ape. te i. sa. 18ra mAM maraNa pAmyo. phatehakhAna I.sa.1858mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI teno pATavI ko rahIma yAramahamada gAdIe beThA. te te vakhate 17 varasano hato. jyAre teNe navAba pada dhAraNa karyuM tyAre teNe potAnuM nAma badalIne bhAvalakhAna pADayuM. A navAbanA TuMkA rAjyamAM ghaNo julama thavA mAMDyo. zarUAtamAM teNe tenA bApanA vajIranI salAhathI cAlIne sArI rIte rAja karyuM paNa pachIthI teNe vajIrane mArI nAkhyo. AthI vacharanI taraphanA saradAroe baLavo kayo A baLa thayo te vakhate teNe tenA traNa kAkAne mArI nAkhyA. teNe aMgreja sarakAranI bIkane lIdhe tenA dAdAnI vIdhavA strIne, tenA kAkAnA be nAnA bALakone Igreja sarakAranA rakSaNa nIce mokalyAM. I. sa. 1865mAM eka bIjo baLavo thayo paNa eTalAmAM I. sa. 1860nA mArca mahinAmAM navAba maraNa pAmyo. tenA pachI sAdakamahaM.

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(63) madakhAna gAdIe beTho. paNa te kAcI umara hovAthI rAjya kArabhAra eka aMgreja amaladAra calAvato hato. ane navAba te vakhata laheramAM raheto hato. navAbane dara mahIne rU.25000) kharaca peTe ApavAmAM AvatA hatA. I. sa. 1876mAM hajahAInesa navAba sAdakamahaMmada prInsa opha velsane mAna ApavAne paMjAba gayA hatA. navAba sAheba 1837nA jAnyuArI mahinAnI pahelI tArIkhe dilhImAM je bAdazAhI darabAra mAryo hato tyAM hAjara hatA. I. sa. 1879mAM navAba puzna umarano thavAthI rAjano kula adhIkAra tene seMpavAmAM Avyo. ane cha sabhAsadanI kAunasIla nImavAmAM AvI tenI salAha ane madadathI rAjya calAve. A kAunasIlane kAyama rAkhavI ke kADhI nAkhavI te aMgreja sarakAranA hAthamAM che. I. sa. 1778-80 mAM aphagAnIstAnamAM lazkara mokalavAmAM AvyuM te vakhate navAbe sArI madada karI hatI ane navAbanA lazkarane derA gAbakhAnanI sarahada jALavavA mukayuM hatuM. bhAvalapora navAba paMjAbanA saradAsenA lI. sTamAM trIje naMbare che ane te patIyALAnA mahArAjAnI pachI che. navAbane 17 panuM mAna maLe che ane phAMsI devAno haka che. navAbanI umara hAla 27 varasanI che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 12 tepa 99 golaMdAja 300 ghoDesvAra ane ra493 polIsa ane pAyadaLa maLIne che. bhAvapUrae rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM navAba rahe che ane te satalaja nadIthI be bhAIlane che. "InDasalIsTeTa relave para mulatAnathI 63 mAIla ane sakarathI ra18 mAIlane cheTe che. A zahera samudra sapATIthI 305 phITa UMcAIe che. vastI 13700 mANasanI che. temAM 7500 musalamAna 1100 hiMdu ane bIjA sIkha, jaIna ane bIjI paracuraNa jAta che. A zaheranI pAchaLa 4 milanA gherAvAnI eka dIvAla che. navAbano mahela eka moTuM makAna che. ane tene dareka khuNe mInArA che. A mahelanI aMdara eka beThaka che. te 60 phuTa lAMbI ane 50 phITa UMcI che tenI AgaLa eka devaDI che. te 1ra0 phITa UMcI che. rAjamahelanA chAparA parathI vikAneranuM moTuM medAna joI zakAya che. bhAvalapurathI 5 mAIlane che. inDasavelI relave satalaja nadI oLaMge che. A nadI para leDhAne majabuta saMbhAyamAna pula bAMdhavAmAM Avyo che. ane

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(264) te "ema presabrIja"nA nAmathI oLakhAya che, te I. sa. 1878nA junamAsamAM khullo mukavAmAM Avyo hato. jhIMda. A rAjya paMjAbadeza tAbAnA sarahiMdaprAMtamAM che. ane tenA rAjyaka sIkha jAtanA hiMdu che tathA te rAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. A rAjya sarahiMdanA cheka agnikoNa tarapha chevADa che. jhIMdazahera patIyALAthI dakSiNamAM 45 mAIlane cheTe che A rAjyano vistAra 1238 corasamAila jamIna jeTalo che. temAM 8 zahera tathA 415 gAma che. ane temAM vastI Asare 250000 mANasanI che temAM ra10000 hiMdu 34000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa che. vAsIMka upaja-650000 (sADAlAkha) ne Azare thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka keTalAeka pahADI ane keTalIeka sapATa che, jamIna rasALa che. nipaja-ghaUM, DAMgara, bAjarI, juvAra, kapAsa, zeraDI, vigerenI thAya che. laka-sIkha, jATa, rajapUta, ane musalamAna che. mukhya zahera-jhIMda e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che temAM rAjA rAjakartA rahe che. jhIMda ezahera dilhIthI vAvyakoNamAM 60 mAIlane cheTe che temAM 7000 mANasanI vastI che. ItihAsa-ahIMnA rAjyakartA rAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che ahIMnA ane patIyALAnA rAjA eka kuTuMbanA che. kAraNa ke teo codharIyalanA vaMzajo che. A rAjya I. sa. 1763mAM sthApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane I. sa. 1768mAM dilhInA pAdazAhe gajapatasIMgane jhIMdanA mulakanArAja tarIke kabula karyo ane te jhIMdano pahelo rAjA hatA. teNe keTalIeka jItyo karIne potAno mulaka vadhAryo. te I. sa. 1789mAM maraNa pAmyo.tenI pachI teno chokaro bagasIMga gAdIe beThA. A rAjAnA vakhatamAM te rAjya Igreja sAthe saMbaMdhamAM AvyuM. I. sa. 1805 mAM marAThAonI hAra thayA pachI bagasIMga je raNajItasIMgano mAmo hato teNe aMgrejo joDe salAha karI ane teNe lokane holakara sAmenI laDAImAM madada karI. A

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(265) madadane mATe Igreja sarakAre tene tenA mulakane rAjA kabula karyo ane te jIve tyAM sudhI barakAMDa ane bhavAnInAM pragaNAM jenI upaja dara varase 5000 hajAranI hatI te ane pANIpatanA medAnamAMnA barasata pharIdapurano bhAga Avyo. bagasIMga I. sa. 1818 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI phatehasiMha gAdIe beThA. te traNa varasa rAja karI maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI saMgatasIMga gAdIe beThA. te bAra varasa rAjya karIne I.sa.1834mAM kaMI vArasa vagara maraNa pAmyo. tenA vakhatamAM kaMI agatyano banAva banyo nathI. temane kaMI vArasa nahi hovAthI aMgreja sarakAre te rAjya khAlasA karyuM. paNa Akhare sIrapasIMga je mayaMta rAjAne dUrane so hato teNe rAjAne mATe haka karyo. te haka IMgreja sarakAre kabUla karyo ane tene rAjA TharAvyo. paNa AgalA rAjAe je mulaka meLavyo hato temAM aDadho mulaka aMgrejI rAjya sAthe joDI devAmAM Avyo. rAjA sIrapasIMge aMgreja sarakAranI zIkha sAthenI laDAImAM sArI madada karI tenA badalAmAM aMgreja sarakAre tene ane tenA vArasone rU1000 nI upajano mulaka Apo.I.sa. 1857nA baLavAmAM zIrapasIMga potAnuM lazkara laIne baLavAkhoronI sAme thayo. te dilhI gayo ane te zahera levAmAM madada karI. A kImatI madadane lIdhe Igreje tene 3116800nI upajano mulaka bakSisa Apo. evI sarate ke rAjAe nImakahalAla rahevuM. ane bhayanA vakhatamAM Igrejane lazkara tathA pisAnI madada ApavA I. sa. 1860 mAM tene eka sanaMda karI ApavAmAM AvI. AthI rAjAne dattaka levAno haka maLyo. ane tenA vaDIlonA mulakanA ane IMgreja sarakAre tene je mulaka Apo hato teno svataMtra rAjA kabula karyo. vaLI jamhAranA mulakanuM kaneDa mAgaNuM ahIMnA rAjAne ApyuM ane rAjAe rU370 000 najarANAM tarIke ApyA. I. sa. 1864 nA jAnevArI mahInAmAM sarapasIMga maraNa pAmyA. tenA pachI raghubIrasIMga gAdIe beThe. A rAjA 1875mAM kalakatte gayA hatA. ane prInsa opha velsa tyAM AvyA te vakhate tyAM hatA. ahIMnA rAjAne prInsaeNphase. sTAra opha InDiyAnA nAITakamAnDarane mAnavaMto khitAba Apo hato. hIjhahAInesa rAjA zrI raghubIrasIMga bahAra. jI. sI. esa. AI. I.sa.1877nA jAnyuArInI pahelI tArIkhe 34

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(266) dilhImAM je bAdazAhI darabAra bharavAmAM AvyuM hatuM tyAM hAjara hatA. tyAM temane mahArANInA salAhakAra evo mAnavaMto khitAba maLyo. ane temane 11 tepanuM mAna maLatuM te vadhArIne 13 topanuM mAna ApyuM. rAjAne vaLI 1878nA jAnyuArInI pahelI tArIkhe ekSa ephIsIo ane jIvatAM sudhIne mATe InDIana empAaranA kapanIana ane mimbara TharAvyA evo khitAba maLyo. hajahAInesa pharajaMdadIlabaMda reNakhala ItagaDa. dolataIglIsIyA rAjA zrI raghubIrasIMga bahAra sTora opha inDIyAnA nAITa grenDakamAnDara, kAunselara opha dhI emapresane phAMsI devAno haka che. rAjA raghubIrasIMga.bahAdura jI. sI. esa. AI.tA.7mI mArca sane 1887nA roja svargavAsI thayA che. -- - nAbhA. A rAjya paMjAba dezanA sarahida prAMtamAM patIAlAnA rAjyanI vAvya koNanI sarahada upara che ane tenA rAjakartA zIkhajAtanA hiMdu tathA te rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. A rAjyano vistAra 928 corasa mAIla jeTaluM che ane temAM 3 zahera ane kAra gAma che. vastI Azare 22000 mANasanI che temAM 133000 hiMdu, 77000 zIkha, 50000 musalamAna ane bIjA pacuraNa che. vArSika upaja 650000 chalAkha pacAhasanArane Azare thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulakano ghaNe bhAga sapATa che. jamIna rasALa che ane temAM ghauM, DAMgara, bAjarI, juvAra, kapAsa, zeraDI vagerenI nipaja thAya che. loka-zIkha, jATa, rajaputa, ane musalamAna che. mukhya zahera nAbhA che te rAjadhAnInuM zahera hovAthI temAM rAjakattA rAjA rahe che. A zahera udhyAnAnA relave sTezanathI nairUtya koNamAM 40 mAIlane cheTe che. * itihAsa-nAbhAnA rAjyakartA rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che ane teo jATa jAtanA zIkha che. ahIMnA rAjyaka codharI palanA moTA chokare tIlakanA vaMzaja che. jhIMdanA rAjA A vaMzanA che ane patIAlAnA rAjA palanA bIjA chokarAnA vaMzaja che. A traNe rAjakuTuMbIo "palakhana" kahevAya che. jyAre I. sa. 1807-8 mAM raNajItasiMge satalajanI A pAranA mulaka upara caDAI karI tyAre nAbhAnA rAjAe madadane mATe aMgrejane araja karI. I. sa. 1809mAM ahIMnA rAjA jasavaMtasiMge pahelavahelI

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(27). salAha karI. A salAhathI aMgreja sarakAre tenuM rakSaNa karavA kabUla karyuM. jasavaMtasiMga I. sa. 1840mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene chokaro devendrasiMga gAdIe beThA. A rAjA salAhanI sarato mujaba vI nahi ane igrejane I. sa. 1845 mAM zIkha leka sAthe laDAI thaI tyAre te zIkha lokane pakSa karI Igreja sAme laDyo. A mATe aMgreja sarakAre tene padabhraSTa karyo ane rU50000)nuM pensana bAMdhI ApyuM. ane tenA mulakano cotho bhAga laIne pataAlA ane pharIdakoTanA rAjAne sarakhI rIte vaheMcI Apo. ane bAkInA traNa bhAga tenA moTA chokarA bharapurasiMgane Apo ane tene rAjA tarike kabUla karyo. rAjA bharapure I. sa. 1857nA baLavA vakhate iMgreja sarakAranI ghaNuM agatyanI nokarI bajAvI. A nokarInA badalAmAM aMgreja sarakAre tene 3106000 nI upajane jajahAra pragaNAno mulaka bakSisa Apo ane bhayanA vakhatamAM tenI dIvAnI phojadArIno haka Igreja sarakArane pavo evI sarata karI hatI. I. sa. 1860mAM tene eka sanaMda karI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. A sanaMdathI aMgreja sarakArane tenuM devuM hatuM tenA badalAmAM keTalAka muluka Apyo. I. sa. 1862mAM tene eka bIjI sanaMda karI ApavAmAM AvI; tethI tene dattaka levAno haka maLyo. vaLI Igreja sarakAre tenI pAsethI 3950500 najarANAnA laIne jajahAranA mulakamAMnAM keneDa ane baDavAnamAM pragaNuM rAjAne ApyAM. sajA bharapurasiMga I. sa. 1863nA navembara mahinAmAM maraNa pAmyo. temane kaMI vArasa nahi hevAthI temanI pAchaLa temane nAno bhAI bhagavAnasiMga gAdIe beThe. paNa pachIthI evI gapa uDI ke mayata rAjAne jhera devAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A bAbatanI tapAsa karavAne Igreja sarakAre eka chagreja amaladArane, patI AlAnA mahArAjAne ane jhIMdanA mahArAjAne nimyA. A bAbatane tapAsa karatAM ema mAlama paDyuM ke rAjAne jhera chevAmAM AvyuM nahotuM. te Igreja sarakArano eka namakahalAla dosta hato. te salAha saMpathI rAjya karIne I. sa. 1871mAM maraNa pAmyo. tene kaMI vArasa nahi hevAthI teno rino sago hIrasiMga gAdIe beThe. tene janma I. sa. 1843mAM thayo hato. hIjhahAinesa rAjA harasiMga mahendra bahAdura prInsaophisane mAna

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(268). ApavAne je levI bharavAmAM AvI hatI tyAM gayA hatA. rAjA I. sa. 1877nA jAnevArInI tA. 1lIe dilhImAM je pAdazAhI darabAra bharavAmAM Avyo hato tyAM padhAryA hatA ane tyAM temane 11 temanuM mAna maLatu te vadhArIne 13 tapanu mAna ApyuM. ahIMnA rAjAne phAMsI devAno haka che. temanI umara hAla 46 varasanI che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 1ra laDAInI ane bIjI 10 tapa. 50 gelaMdAja, pa60 ghoDesvAra, ane 1250 pAyadala che. nAbhA--e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM rAjA rahe che. vastI 17000 mANasanI che, temAM 8000 hiMdu, 6000 musalamAna, ra000 zIkha ane bIjA paracuraNa che. kapUrathallA. A rAjya jaTa jAtanA sIkha rAjAnuM ane te himAlayanI naretyakoNa taraphanI taLeTImAM jAlaMdhara duvAbanA pazcima bhAgamAM che. tenI uttare himAlayano pahADI mUlaka pUrva jAlaMdhara kuvAbano madhyabhAga dakSiNe satalaja nadI ne pazcime amarItasara jIllo che. A rAjyano vistAra 20 corasa mila jamIna ane temAM cAra zahera ane 613 gAma A zivAya ayoddhAnI jAgIrano vistAra. 700 corasa mila che. tethI temAM rapa000 (be lAkha bAvanajAra) nI vastI ane ayoddhAnI jAgIronI vastI 250000 mANasanI che vArSIka upaja sumAre 31000000 (dazalAkhane) Azare thAya che. temAMthI 13000 Igreja sarakArane lazkaranA kharaca badala Ape che. ane 26000 rAjA raNajItasIMganA bhAI vikramasIMga ane sucetasIMgane Ape che. A sivAya rU800000 ane dhyAnI jAgIronA Ave che. dezanuM svarU5-mulakane keTaloka bhAga DuMgara tathA jhADIvALo che ane keTalAka sapATa che temAM ghau, bAjarI, juvAra, DAMgara, zeraDI, kapAsa, ane tamAku nIpaje che. loka-sIkha, rajapUta, ane paracuraNa jAtanA hiMdu tathA musalamAna che. bhASA ghaNuM karIne hiMdI che. nadI-satalaja ane vyAsa nAmanI che.

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(269) mukhya zahera-kapUrathalA e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che temAM rAjA rahe che. e zahera karatArapuranA relave sTezanathI uttaramAM kamalane cheTe che. itihAsakapUrathallAnA rAjAnA kuTuMbIo muLa bIyAsanA ahalu gAmamAMthI AvyA je uparathI tenA kuTuMbIo ahaluvAlIyAnA nAmathI oLakhAya che. A rAjyanI sthApanAra saradAra jasAsIMga jATa jAtano kalAla ha. te paMjAbamAM je vakhate tophAna thayu te vakhate davAbamAM keTalIka jagA bathAvI paDIne I. sa. 1780mAM teno dhaNI thaI paDyo. saradAra phatehasIne keTalAka mulaka jItIne ane mahArAjA raNajItasIMga pAsethI keTalAka mulaka bakSisa miLavIne potAnA mulakamAM vadhAro karyo. A mulakanuM mukhya zahera kapUrathalA hatuM. te uparathI rAjyanuM nAma kapUrathallAnuM paDyuM che. ' I. sa. 1809mAM satalajanadInI pilImeranAM keTalAMka rAjya Ija sarakArane rakSaNa nIce AvyAM. saradAra phatehasIMge IgrejanuM uparIpaNuM ane tyAM aMgrejI lazkara rahe tenuM kharaca ApavAne ane laDAInI veLA temane madada karavAne kabula karyuM. te paNa kapUrathalAnA saradAre pahelI sIkha laDAInI vakhate IgrejI saradArane lakara taraphanI madada karI nahIM ane I. sa. 184nI alIvAlanI laDAImAM te igrejanI sAme laDyo. tethI satalajanI A pALanI tenI jAgIro igrejo laI lIdhI ane satalajanI pelI pALane mulaka rAjA Igreja sarakArane namakahalAla rahe evI sarate ApavAmAM Avyo. ane laDAInI vakhate Igreja sarakArane 3138000 rokaDA ApavA paNa Akhare ghaTADIne 2131000 ApavA TharAvyA. ane saradArane potAnA rAjyamAMthI jagAta ane rAhadArInAM nAkAM levA baMdha karavAnI jarUra paDI. phatehasIMganA maraNa pachI nIhAlasIMga kapurathalAne saradAra nImAe I. sa. 1849mAM paMjAbane igrejI rAjya sAthe joDI devAmAM AvyuM. tyAra pachI kapurathalAnA saradAra nIhAlasIMgane rAjAno IlakAba ApavAmAM Avyo hato. ane te jIve tyAM sudhI bArI vAbano je mulAka laI levAmAM Avyo hato te tene pAcho sAMpavAmAM Avyo ane tene adhIkAra aMgreja sarakAre rAkhyo. te I. sa. 185ranA sapTembara mAsamAM maraNa pAmyo. ane tenI pachI teno bakaro raNadhIrasIMga gAdIe beTho.

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(270) A rAjAe I.sa.1857nA baLavAmAM aMgreja sarakArane sArI madada karI hatI. A nokarInI badalAmAM tene je jAgIra tenA bApane jIvatA sudhIne mATe ApI hatI ane teno bApa marI gayo tyAre laI lIdhI hatI te ayodhyAnI be jAgIro jenI aDadhI upaja Igreja sarakArane ApavI evI sarate ApI. I. sa. 1859 I. sa. 1862 mAM rAjAne dataka levAno haka maLyo. I. sa. 1864mAM rAjAne sTAraopha iMDIyAnA nAITano mAnavato khitAba ApavAmAM Avyo. i. sa. 1869mAM raNadhIrasIMha bahAdura jI. sI. esa. AI. IglAMDamAM musApharI karavA gayA paNa pAchA AvatAM I. sa. 1870nA eprila mAsamAM eDana zaheramAM maraNa pAmyA. tenI pachI teno moTo chokaro karakasIMga gAdIe beTho. te vakhate temanI umara 21 varasanI hatI. te ghaNuM azakta hatA tethI I. sa. 1875mAM rAjyakArabhAra calAvavAne jAlaMdhara vAbanA kamizanaranA hAtha nIe eka igrejI amaladArane suprIDanTa nImavAmAM Avyo hato. rAjA karakasIMga I. sa. 1876mAM prInsa opha velsane mAna ApavA paMjAba gayA hatA. I. sa. 1837nA sapTembara mahInAmAM rAjA karakasIMga maraNa pAyA. temanI pachI temane kuMvara jagatasIMga gAdIe beTho. temanI umara te vakhate 6 varasanI hatI hajahAInesa rAjA jagatasIMga bahAdurane halakA darajAnI sattA che. ane 11 topanuM mAna maLe cheahIMnA rAjyakatAne dattaka levAnI sanaMda che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 4 kIllAparanI topa 9 laDAInI topa, 186 ghoDesvAra, 926 svAdaLa, ane 303 polIsa che. 1 kapUrathalA-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. te bIyAsa nadInA DAbA kInArAthI ATha mAIla cheTe che. vastI 15000 mANasanI che. temAM 800 musalamAna ane 5000 hiMdu ane bIjA paracuraNa che. A zaherathI jAlaMdhara sudhI saDaka che. te jAlaMdharathI 11 mAIla cheTe che. kapUrathalA karatArapura relave sTezanathI zA mAIla ane sulatAnapurathI 16 mAilane cheTe che. saradAra jasAsage A rAjya I. sa. 1780mAM sthApyuM tyArathI e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che.

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(271) maMdI. A rAjya paMjAba dezanA jAlaMdara doAbanA pUrva bhAga tarapha himAlaya parvatanA dakSiNa utAra upara che. tenA rAjakartA caMdravaMzI rAjapUta ane te rAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttara tathA pUrva himAlaya parvata uparanAM keTalAMka saMsthAna, dakSiNe sukheta ane bIjI ThakarA ane pazcime jAlaMdara doAbano mulaka che. A rAjyanA tAbAmAM 1000 corasa mAIla jamIna tathA temAM 4559 gAma che. vastI Azare 150000 (doDha lAkha) mANasanI che. vArSika upaja sumAre 360000 (traNa lAkha sATha hajAra) thAya che. khaMDazuM rU100000 Igreja sarakArane Ape che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka himAlaya upara hovAthI DuMgaravALo che. e mAMnA keTalAka DuMgaromAM mayaDIA ane mIThAnI khANe nIkaLI Ave che tathA loDhAnA gucchA paNa paDe che. ziyALAmAM barapha ghaNe paDe che. temaja DADha paNa ghaNI paDe che. koI koI ThekANe sapATa jamIna che temAM ghauM, bAjarI, juvAra, DAMgara, zeraDI, kapAsa, ane tamAku vagere nipaje che. jAnavara-jaMgalI jAnavaromAM vAgha, rIMcha, vAMdarAM, sAbara ane haraNa vagare jhADI ane DuMgaromAM hoya che. gAma pazumAM baLada, bheMza, gAyo ane bakarAM vagere che. loka-lokamAM rajapUta, bhutI A, brAhmaNa, ane musalamAna che. bhASA-ghaNuM karIne hiMdI che. mukhya zahera maMdI e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjA rahe che. e zahera zImalAthI vAvyakoNa tarapha 60 mAIlane cheTe che. itihAsa-ahIMnA rAjakartA caMdravaMzI rajapUta che ane te rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. Azare I. sa. 1200 mAM suketanA saradAranA nAnA bhAI bAhusenane potAnA moTA bhAI sAthe takarAra thaI tethI te suketa beDI nAzI gayo. te tyAMthI kula ga ane maMgaluramAM rahyo. tyAM tenI 11 peDhI sudhI tenA vaMzajo AbAda rahyA. banoe sekoranA rANAne mArI nAkhe, ane keTalAMka varasa sudhI sekoramAM rAjya karyuM tyAMthI te cInamAM rahevA gayo. A gAma maMdIthI 4 mAIla bIAsa nadI upara che. Akhare I. sa. 1527 mAM bAhusenanA 19mA vaMzaja ajabarasene

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(272) maMdI zahera vasAvI tyAM rAjadhAnI karI. mA vakhatathI maMdI rAjadhAnInuM zahera thayuM ane te uparathI te rAjya maMdInuM rAjya kahevAya che. rAjA IzrIsenanA vakhatamAM (I. sa. 1779thI 1926 ) madI gurkhAnA keToga rAjAnA hAtha nIce hatuM. paNa Akhare raNajItasiMganAamala nIce gayu. I. sa. 1840 sudhI te lAhArane khaMDaNI ApatuM. eTalAmAM janarala venacurAe lAheAranA rAjA karakasiMga (raNajItasiMgano chokaro)ne mATe te rAjya laI lIdhuM. kamalAgaDhano prakhyAta killo zIkha loke laI lIdho. rAjA lAhAranA rAjAne tAbe thayo; paNa mAkhare IMgrejanI madada mAgI. sAbronanI laDAI pachI te IMgrejanA pakSamAM gayo. I. sa. 1846 mAM lAhAranI salAhathI te iMgrejanA hAthamAM mAnyuM. A vakhate tyAM khalabIrasena nAmano rAjA rAjya karato hato tene eka sanaMda karI ApavAmAM AvI. sanaMdathI rAjyano sagaLA adhikAra tene ane tenA vArasAne maLyo ane rAjAe rU100000) khaMDaNI tarIke ApavA ane laDAinI vakhate lazkara ane paisAnI iMgreja sarakArane madada ApavA kabula karyuM. vaLI teNe mAla uparanI jakAta baMdha karavA, vepArane uttejana JApavA, culAmagIrIno - vo ane satI thavAno cAla baMdha karavA kabula karyuM. rAjA balabIrasena I. sa. 1859mAM maraNa pAmyo. temanI pachI temano chokaro vIjayasena gAdIe kheDA. temano janma I. sa. 1846 mAM thayo hato. rAjAnI nAnI umara hovAthIrAjyane mATe eka kAunsIla nImavAmAM AvI. I. sa. 1866mAM rAjA puSra umarano thavAthI rAjyano kula adhikAra tene soMpyo ane rIjansI kAunsIla kADhI nAkhI. rAjAne salAha JApavAne eka IMgreja amaladArane nImavAmAM Avyo hato. I. sa. 1873 mAM mA amaladAranI jago kADhI nAkhavAmAM AAvI. hIjhahAinesa rAjA vIjyasena khahAdura tA. 1lI jAnevArI sane 1977nA roja dilhImAM je pAdazAhI darabAra bharavAmAM mALyo hato tyAM hAjara hatA. rAjAnI umara hAla 43 varasanI che. temane dattakanI sanada maLelI che. temane halakA darajAnI sattAche ane 11 topanu mAna maLeche. smA rAjyanA lazkaramAM 3 topa, 20 golaMdAja, 25 dhoDesvAra ane 700 pAyadala che. A rAjyamAM posTaoNphIsa, maMdImAM skula ane khIcyAsa nadI uparano pula e mukhya che. A pula I. sa. 1878 mAM khunno su

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(23). kavAmAM Avyo hato ane te embesabrIjanA nAmathI oLakhAya che. - maMdI-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane te bIAsa nadI upara AveluM che. vastI Azare 5000 mANasanI che. A zahera darIA sapATIthI 2557 phuTa ucuM che. kahara (vilAsapUra.) A rAjya rajaputa rAjAnuM ane te himAlayanAM zimalA najIkanAM garI saMsthAnomAMnuM eka che. A DuMgarI saMsthAno che temAMnA vAvyothanA bhAgamAM tathA te jAlaMdhara duvAbanI dakSiNa sarahada upara che. tene vistAra (24) sArasamala jamIna jeTalo tathA temAM 1073 gAma che. A rAjyamAM 86000 (chAsIhajA) mANasanI vastI che.vArSika upaja rU100000 (ekalAkha)ne Azare thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka pahADI che. satalaja nadI A rAjyanA mulakamAM thaIne jAya che. havA ThaMDI che. jamIna DuMgaravALI paNa sArI rasALa che. temAM ghauM, bAjarI, juvAra, maTha, java, DAMgara, zeraDI, kapAsa, ane tamAku vigere nIpaje che. vAgha, rIMcha, vAMdarAM, vIgere jaMgalI janAvaro hoya che. temaja gAma pazumAM baLada, gAya, bheMsa, ane bakarAM tathA peTA puSkaLa hoya che. lAka-rajaputa, zIkha, brAhmaNa, ane musalamAna vigere che. bhASA hiMdI che. mukhya gAma vilAsapura temAM rAjA rahe che. zivAya kahara ane AnaMdapura e moTAM gAma che. | ItihAsa-ahinA rAjA jAte rajapUta che. A sikAnI zarUAtamAM gurakhAloka kahalurapara caDhI AvyA ane te mulaka laI lI; paNa I. sa. 1815mAM aMgrejoe temane hAMkI kADhayA ane rAjAne vilAsapuranA rAjyamAM pharIthI nImyo. I.sa. 1847-48mAM jyAre grejoe paMjAba deza jItI lIdhuM tyAre rAjAne kahalUranA rAjA tarIke kabula karyo. A vakhate satalaja nadInA DAbA kInArAparano mulaka jene mATe rAjAne agAu zIkhalokane khaMDaNI ApavI paDatI te paNa rAjAne maLyo. paNa chejasarakAre khaMDaNIno haka choDI do. ane rAjAe nAku kADhI nAkhyuM. Akhare I. sa. 1865mAM base baDeranuM pragaNuM ije rAjAne ApyuM 35

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(274) ane rAjAne tene mATe rU8000)nI khaMDaNI ApavI paDatI. I. sa. 1857nA baLavA vakhate rAjAe aMgreja sarakArane sArI madada karI hatI. tenA badalAmAM rAjAne rU.30000nI kImatano pozAka ane sAta tapanuM mAna maLyuM; paNa pachIthI te vadhIne 11 topanuM mAna maLavA lAgyuM. rAjA hIracaMda I. sa. 1835mAM janmyo hato. tArIkha 1lI jAnerI sane 1877nA roja dilhImAM je bAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM te gayo hato. te 32 varasa rAja karI sImaLethI pAchA AvatAM rastAmAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chokaro amIracaMda gAdIe beThe te hAlano rAjA che. rAjAne phAMsInI sajA TharAvavAmAM IgrejanI marajI levI paDe che. A zivAya bIjI bAbatamAM rAjAne kula adhikAra che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 14 laDAInI ane bIjI tapa, 20, gelaMdAja ane 880 pAyadaLache. vilAsapUra-e kahalUra (vilAsapUra)nA rAjyanuM rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. ane temAM rAjA rahe che. te satalaja nadIne DAbe kInAre AveluM che. te darIyA sapATIthI 1465 phuTa UMcu che. ahine lokane A saikAnI zarUAtamAM gurakhAlokanI luTaphATane lIdhe ghaNuM duHkha veThavuM paDayuM hatuM. ahiM gharo paththaranAM bAMdhelAM che. bajAra rAjAno mahela ane satalaja para eka evAze e mukhya sthaLo che. caMbA. ahinA rAjyakartA rajaputache ane te rAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. A rAjyanI cotarapha parvato AvI rahelA che. A rAjyanI vAvyakoNe ane pazcime kAzmIrano mUlaka, pUrva tathA IzAna koNe aMgrejI lAhula ane lADaka ane dakSiNa ane agnikoNe kAMjhA ane guradAsapurano mulaka AvelA che. A rAjyano vistAra 3180 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTache ane temAM 365 gAma che. vastI 115000 mANasanI che, temAM 108000 hiMdu 6800 musalamAna 300 budha dharmanA loka ane bIjI paracuraNa jAto che. upaja rU.240000nI thAya che khaMDaNI 25000 ijane Ape che. dezanuM svarUpa-A dezamAM moTAM moTAM jaMga che ane temAM ImA

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(275) ratI sAga sAthe thAya che. A jaMgale Igreja sarakArane IjAre ApavAmAM Ave che ane tenI dara varase 10000thI 200000nI pedAza thAya che. nipaja-ghauM, bAjarI, makAI, cokhA, ane kaThoLa thAya che. khanIja padA -khamAMthI loTa ane tAMbu jaDe che. rAjya nA saghaLA bhAgamAMthI temAM mukhyatve karIne dalaDusInI paDozamAMthI sleTanA paththaro jaDe che. jamIna-jamIna rasALa che ane te cAne mATe anukuLa che. caMbA eka zikAranuM ThekANuM che. tyAM ghaNI jAtanA pazu pakSIo mAlama paDe che. ahi pAMca jAtanA maraghA mAlama paDe che ane tenI cAmaDI kAmamAM Ave che. lUgaDAM, loDhA kAma, tela, cAmaDAM, ane tejAnA paradeza khAte mokalavAmAM Ave che. ItihAsa-A rAjya I. sa. 1846mAM aMgreja sarakAranA hAtha nIe AvyuM. A vakhate rAjyane tho bhAga kAzmIranA mahArAjA gulAbazagane ApavAmAM Avyo hato. paNa I.sa. 1847mAM te IgrejasarakAre laI lIdho. teja varase rAjAne eka sanaMda karI ApavAmAM AvI. A sanaMdathI rAjyano sadhaLe adhikAra tyAMnA rAjAne ane tenA va. zane soMpavAmAM Avyo ane rAjAe 210000nI khaMDaNI ApavAne ane laDAInI vakhate lazkara ane paisAnI madada karavA kabula karyuM. I. sa. 1862mAM rAjAe aMgreja sarakArane arajI karI tethI temaNe rAjya calAvA mATe eka aMgreja amaladAra nImyo. AthI rAjyamAM ghaNe sudhAro thayo. rAjA zrIzIMga I. sa. 187mAM maraNa pAmyo. temane vArasa nahI hovAthI temanA nAnA bhAI sucetazIMge gAdIne mATe dAvo karyo. paNa IgrejasarakAre tene kabula nahi karIne tenA bhAI gopALazIMgane gAdIe besADyo. gopALazIMga rAjya calAvavAne zaktimAna nahi he. vAthI aMgreja sarakAre tene I. sa. 1873 mAM gAdIparathI haka uddhavavAne jarUra pADI. I. sa. 1854mAM dalahAusI igrejone sopavAmAM AvyuM ane tenA badalAmAM aMgrejoe 22000nI khaMDaNI mApha karI. I. sa. 186mAM chello ane balunanI chAvaNI mATe jamIna lIdhI tenA badalAmAM 25000nI khaMDaNI mApha thaI. hAla rU5000nI khaMDaNI bhare che. gopALazIMga pachI tene chokaze zAmazIMga gAdIe beThe te I. & 1896 nA julAImAM janamyo hato. tenI kAcI umaramAM rAjyakArabhAra..

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(276) eka aMgreja amaladAra bIjA dezI amaladAronI salAhathI calAve che. AthI rAjyanI upajamAM ghaNuM vadhAro thayo che. ane te vadhIne hAla 2240000 thAyache. - hIjhahAInesa rAjA zAmasIMga bahAdara tA. 1 jArevArI sane 1877 nA roja dilhImAM je bAdazAhI darabAra bharavAmAM Avyo hato tyAM hAjara thayA hatA. rAjAnI umara hAla 23 varasanI che. temane halakA 69 rajajAnI sattA ane 11 tepanuM mAna maLe che. rAjA paMjAbanA saradAjemAM 15 mi naMbare che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 1 laDAInI topa ane bIjI traNa tapa ane 160 pAyadaLa ane polIsa che. caMbA-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. ane temAM rAjA rahe che. vastI para00 mANasanI che. temAM 4300 hiMdu 700 musalamAna ane bIjI zIkha vagere paracuraNa jAte che. sukheta. A rAjya paMjAba dezanA jalaMdara doAbanA pUrva bhAga tarapha himAlaya parvatanA dakSiNa uttAra upara che. tenA rAjakartA jAtanA rajapUta ane te rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare maMdInuM rAjya, pUrve himAlaya uparanI ThakarAto, dakSiNe bilAsapura ane sImalAnAM saMsthAna ane pazcime jalaMdara Abano mulaka che. A rAjyano vistAra Azare 44 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTalI che tathA temAM 1 zahera ane 219 gAma che. vastI Azare pa000 (bAvana hajAra) mANasanI che. upaja rU500000 (eka lAkha)ne Azare che. khaMDaNI 211000 Igreja sarakArane bhare che. ItihAsa-A rAjyanA rAjakartA jAtanA rajapUta che ane te rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. A rAjya I. sa. 1200 sudhI maMdInA rAjya sAthe joDAyeluM hatuM. paNa pachIthI mahemAMhe laDAI thavAthI te judu paDayuM. tyAra pachI keTaleka varase te zIkha lokanA hAtha nIce AvyuM ane Akhare I. sa. 1846nI laheranI salAhathI te aMgreja sarakAranA amala nIce AvyuM. Igrejoe A rAjya agara sena nAmanA rajapUta rAjAne sepyuM. I. sa. 1862mAM rAjA agara senane datakanI sanaMda maLI. te

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(274) che. sa. 1875mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno putra rudrasena gAdIe beTho. te I. sa. 1828mAM janmyo hato. hIjhahAinesa rAjA rUdrasena bahAdura tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877 nA roja dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bhItyAM gayA hatA. rAjA rUdrasenane temanI gera vartaNukane lIdhe I. sa. 1878mAM padabhraSTa karyA ane tenA chokarA dasta nIkanadanasenane I. sa. 1879nA mArca mahinAmAM gAdI sAMpI, tenI kAcI umaranA vakhatamAM rAjyakArabhAra calAvavAne eka muprITenDenTa ane eka kAunasIla nImavAmAM mAvI, rAjA I. sa. 1884 mAM puSTha umarano thavAthI te varasanA phebruArI mAsamAM rAjyano kula adhikAra tene soMpyA. mA rAjAne 11 topanuM mAna maLe che ane hulakA darjAnI satAche. mA rAjyanA lazkaramAM 40 dhoDesvAra te 315 pAyadaLa che. malerakATalA. A rAjya paMjAba deza tAbAnAM sarahiMda nAmanA prAMtamAM che. ane tenA rAjyakattA agAna jAtanA musalamAna che tathA te navAbanI 5dithI oLakhAya che. A rAjyano vistAra 165 cArasa mela jamIna jeTalo che tathA temAM 115 gAmache. ane temAM vastI Azare 71000 mANusanI che temAM 29000 zIkha, 16000 hiMdu, 2400 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa che. vArasika upaja rU. 284000 be lAkha corAzI hArane Azare thAyache. dezanu svarUpa--mulaka sapATa paNa DuMgarI che. jamIna paNI rasALa che. temAM ghauM, DAMgara, bAjarI, juvAra, tamAku, lasaNa, aphINa, kapAsa, zeraDI ane kaThAra vigerenI nipaja thAyache. loka--zIkha, rajaputa, ane musalamAna che. sukhazahera malerakoTalA che te rAjadhAnInuM zahera hAvAthI temAM rAjyakI navAba raheche. mA zahe luppAnA relave sTezanathI dakSiNamAM 30 melane cheTeche. ahIMnA rAjyakattAnA kuTuMbI paThANa jAtanA susalamAna che. tema sune kAbulamAMthI aAvyA hatA jyAre te pahela vahelA mA dezamAM mAvyA tyAre sarahiMdanA mulakamAM tene sugala pAdazAhe keTaleka a

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(se) laka JApyo hato. jyAre I. sa. nA 18 mA sekAmAM sugalAI rAtmyanI paDatI thavA mAMDI tyAre te dhIme dhIme mulaka bathAvI paDyA ane svataMtra rIte rAjya karavA lAgyA. 4. sa. 1732 mAM malerakoTalAnA navAba jamAlakhAne patthAlAnA zIkha saradAra mahAzIMga upara je iMgrejI lazkarane nalaMdhara dozmAbamAM mokalyuM hatuM tene madada karI ane pharIthI I. sa. 1761 mAM jamAlakhAne ahamadazAha durAnIe je amaladArone sahiMdamAM mukyA hatA tenI sAme thavAne IMgrejane madada karI. mAnuM pariNAma e thayuM ke malerakocalAnA navAbane paDozanA rAjyo sAthe temAM mukhyatve karIne payAlAnA rAjA sAthe kujI thayo. JA mAMhA mAMhenI eka laDAImAM jamAla khAnanuM maraNa thayuM ane tethI tenAM chokarAM gAdIne mATe mAMAmAMhe laDavA lAgyA paNa bhAkhare bhIkhanakhAna navAkha thaye!. ahamadazAha durAnI hiMdustAna choDIne gayo ke tarataja patyAlAnA amarazIMge bhIkhanakhAnapara vera levA TharAva karyo. teNe malerakoTalApara humalA karyo ane keTalAMka gAmaDAM laI lIdhAM. paNa mAkhare malerakoTalAnA navAbe salAha karI ane tethI paDozanAM rAjyomAM dhaNAM varasa sudhI salAha saMpa rahyo, AAsalAhanA vakhatamAM malerakoTalAnA lazkare keTalIka vakhata patyAlAnA rAjAne mAkRtanI vakhate madada karI hatI. i. sa. 1787 mAM bhAdoranA saradAre malerakoTalAnA navAbanAM keTalAMka gAma laI lIdhAM. tenI sAme patyAlAnA rAjA sAhebasIMge malerakoTalAnA navAkhate madada karI. I. sa. 1794mAM bAbAnAnakanA vaMzaja badIsAhebazIMge malerakoTalAnA musalamAnopara caDAI karI. navAba ane tenuM lazkara hAryuM tethI navAba rAjadhAnAnA zaheramAM nAzI gayeA. ahIM tene badIe gherI lIvo. mA vakhate sArA nazIbe patyAlAnA rAjAe tene madada karavAne lazkara mokalyuM, tethI mAkhare badI satalaja oLaMgI pAcho hAco. I. sa. 1788 thI mareThAnI A bhAgamAM caDatI thavA lAgI. I. sa. 1805 mAM hAlakara sAmenI laDAImAM navAba IMgrejanI tarapha hato. I. sa. 1909 mAM IMgreja sarakAre malerakoTalAnA rAjyanuM rakSaNa karavA kabula karyuM. I. sa. 1808 mAM raNajItazIMge pharIdakoTa laI lIdhuM ane malerakroDhalAnA navAbapara humalo karyA te navAba pAsethI 1100000 mAgyA.

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(27) AthI aMgraja sarakAre navAbane madada karavA lazkara mokalyuM. Akhara I. sa. 1809 mAM salAha thaI. I. sa. 1822 mAM navAbane eka sanaMda karI ApavAmAM AvI. I. sa. 181 nA julAI mAsamAM navAba sIkaMdara alIkhAna maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI mahamada IbrAhIma alIkhAna gAdIe beThA. te I. sa. 1857mAM janamyo hato. navAbe jakAta kADhI nAMkhyuM tenA badalAmAM aMgreja sarakAra dara varase tene rU.2500 Ape che. hIjhahAInesa navAba mahamada IbrAhIma alIkhAna bahAdura tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 1877nA ja dilhImAM bAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM gayA hatA. A vakhate temane 11 topanuM bhAna maLyuM. navAba mahamada IbrAhIma alIkhAna I. sa. 1887mAM maraNa pAmyA. tenA pachI navAba enAata alIkhAna navAba thayo. te hAlano navAba che. temane halakA darajjAnI sattA che ane 11 temanuM mAna maLe che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 76 dhoDesvAra, 200 pAyadaLa, 8 laDAInI topa, ane 16 golaMdAja che. marakoTalA-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che temAM navAba rahe che. A zahera ludhI AnAthI dakSiNamAM 30 mAIla che. temAM vastI Azare 21000 mANasanI che. temAM 14000 musalamAna, 4000 hiMdu ane bIjA paracuraNa che. siramUra A rAjya rajapUta rAjAnuM che ane te himAlaya uparanAM sImalA najIkanA DugarI saMsthAnomAMnuM eka che. tathA te aMbAlA jIllAnI IzAnakoNanI sarahada upara tathA sahAraNapura jIllAnI uttara sarahada upara che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare balasAna, pUrve deharAna, nairUtyakoNe ebAlA ane kaLazIAnuM dezI rAjya ane vAvyakoNe patI AlA ane kIpunAlanAM dezI rAjya che. A rAjyano vistAra 1077 corasa jamIna mAIla jeTalo che tathA temAM 1 zahera ane 2018 gAma che. vastI - zare 11ra000 (eka lAkha bAra hajAra) mANasanI che vArSika upaja sumAre rU300000 (traNa lAkha) thAya che.

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(28) dezanuM svarUpa mulaka jhADI ane DuMgarathI bharelo che. jumanAM nadI A rAjyanA agnikoNanA bhAgamAM thaIne dakSiNa tarapha jAya che. himAlayanA keTalAka uMcA DuMgaro A rAjyamAM che. havA ThaMDI che. DuMgaranI khI ane keTalAka sapATa bhAganI jamIna ghaNI rasALa che temAM ghauM, bAjarI, juvAra, makAI, java, DAMgara, zeraDI, kapAsa, ane tamAku vagara nipaje che. nadIo-sarasvatI, jumAM, gIrI, jalAla, pAra, TAMnsa, mInsa, vigere che. jaMgalI jAnavaromAM vAdha, rIMcha, vAMdarAM, sAbara ane haraNa vagere paNa jAtanAM heya che. gAma pazumAM baLada, bheMza, gAyo, ane bakarAM vagere che. khanIja padArtha-sAsu, loDhAnA gucchA ane abarakha jaDeche. lokamAM rajapUta, bhutIA, brAhmaNa ane musalamAna che. bhASA-ghaNuM karIne hiMdI che. mukhya zahera-nAhana e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjakartA rAjA rahe che. A zahera aMbAlAnA relave sTezanathI IzAna koNatarapha Azare 35 mAIlane cheTe che. ItihAsa-saramura eTale mugaTa pehereluM mAthu agAunA vakhatamAM rAjagAdInuM mukhya mathaka hatuM. tyAM asalano rAjakartA nadImAM pura AvavAthI temAM taNAI gayo. A vakhata evuM banyuM ke jaIsalameranA rAjakartAnA kuTuMbI agara senarAvala gaMgAnI yAtrA mATe nIkaLI paDyo hato. tyAM AvI caDyo. teNe te rAjya laI lIdhuM. A banAva I. sa. 1095 mAM banyo hate. agara senanA vaza haju sudhI e rAjya bhagave che. I. sa. 1803mAM gurakhA lAke te deza tAbe karyo. paNa I. sa. 1815 mAM grejoe temane tyAMthI hAMkI kahADyA ane te rAjya tyAMnA rajaputa rAjAne soMpyuM. paNa gurahIno killo ane mulaka igrejoe eka musalamAna amaladArane tenI sArI nokarIne mATe Apyo. Akhare I. sa. 1833 mAM nI AradAdana pAchuM lIdhuM, gIrI nadInI uttarane pahADI mulaka kIpunAlanA rAjAne soMpyo ane bahAranAM pragaNuM IgrejI rAjya sAthe joDI dIdhAM. hAlano rAjA samaprakAza che. te I. sa. 1843 mAM janmyo hato. I. sa. 1857ne baLavA vakhate rAjAe IgrejanI sArI sevA bajAvI

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(281) hatI tenA badalAmAM agreja sarakAre tene rU5000)nI kimatane khIlata bakSiza karyo hato. tA. 1 jAnevArI sane 186 nA roja rAjA kalakatta prInsa opha velsanI mulAkAta levA gayo hato. tyAM tene sTAraAIDIAne nAITakamAnDara evo mAnava khitAba maLyo. hIjhahAInesa rAjA zrI samazeraprakAza bahAra ke. sI. esa. AI. tA. 1 lI jAnevArI sane 1877nA roja dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bhaya hato tyAM gayA hatA. A rAjAne 11 tepanuM mAna maLe che ane temane phAMsInI zIkSA TharAvavAmAM aMgreja sarakAranI salAha levI paDe che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM 55 svAra, 30 pAyadaLa, 10 tapa, ra0 gelaMdAja, ane 1rapa polIza che. pharIdakoTa. A rAjya paMjAbadeza tAbAnA sarahiMda prAMta nAmanA mulakamAM che. tenA rAjyakatA zIkha jAtanA hiMda che, tathA te rAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. sImA-tenI uttara tathA pazcima phirojapura challo, pUrva sudhInA challo, ane dakSiNe patI AlAnuM rAjya che. A rAjyano vistAra 812 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTalo che ane temAM 168 gAma che, tathA vastI 100000 (eka lAkha) mANasanI che, temAM 4000 zIkha, ra7000 hiM, 29000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa lokache. vArSika upaja 2 300000 (traNa lAkha)ne Azare thAya che. dezanusvarUpa-mulakane ghaNo bhAga sapATa paNa paththarIo che; topaNa jamIna rasALa che. temAM ghauM, DAMgara, bAjarI, juvAra, kapAsa, zeraDI vagarenI nipaja thAya che. loka-zIkha, jATa, gujara rajapUta ane musalamAna che. mukhya zahera pharIdakoTache. te rAjadhAnInuM zahera hovAthI temAM rAjakartA rAjA rahe che. A zahera udhyAnAnA relave sTezanathI nirUtyakoNamAM 60 mAIla ane jAheranA relave sTezanathI agnikoNamAM 50 mAIlane cheTe che. ItihAsa-ahIMnA rAjakartAnA muLa purUSa bulanasiMga hato. te, barAra jAtano jATa hato. tene akabara pAdazAhanA vakhatamAM bhAre sattA.. 36

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(12) maLI hatI. tenA bhatrIjAe koTakapurano killo bAMdhyo ane tyAM te svataMtra rIta rAjya karavA lAgyo. 19 mAsakAnI sarUAtamAM kokApurane mulAka lAhoranA rAjA raNajItasiMgane divAna mAmacaMde laI lIdho ane tene bIje varase pharIdakoTa paNa jItI lIdhuM. I. sa. 1808-e mAM jyAre satalajanA DAbA kInArA uparanA jItI lIdhelA mulaka Ije mahArAjAne temanA mAlIkane seMpavA jarUra paDI tyAre pharIdakoTa ghaNIja nA khuzIthI tenA dhaNIne pAchu sepyuM. A vakhate tenI upaja ghaNI thoDI hatI. I. sa. 1845mAM zIkha sAthenI laDAImAM tyAMnI sajA pahArasiMga agrejanI tarapha hato. tenA badalAmAM aMgrejoe tene rAjAno khitAba ane nAbhAnA rAjA pAsethI jItI lIdhelA mulakamAMthI aDadhe adha mulaka Apyo ane kokApuranI jAgIra tene pAchI meM pAvI. vakarasiMga je pahArasiMgano chokaro ane vArasa have teNe I. sa. 1849mAM bIjI zIkha laDAInI vakhate Igrene sArI madada karI hatI. vaLI A rAjAe I. sa. 185-58nA baLavA vakhate keTalAka baLavAkhorone pakaDyA ane prakhyAta zAmadAza upara humalo karyo ane tenA mulakano nAza karyo. AnA badalAmAM Igrejoe tene dattakanI sanada ane bIje sAthe bele Apo. varasiMga I. sa. 1874nA eprIla mAsamAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI tene choko vikramasiMga gAdIe beTho. te hAlane rAjA che ane te I. sa. 1842mAM janmyo hato. - hIjhahAinesa rAjA vikramasiMga bahAra tA. 1lI jAnevArI sane 1877nA roja dilhImAM pAdazAhI darabAra bharyo hato tyAM gayA hatA. - jAe mAla uparanI jakAta kADhI nAkhI che temanI upara hAla 47 varasanI che, ane temane 1 temanuM mAna maLe che. A rAjyanA lazkaramAM ra00 DesvAra 600 pAyadaLa ane polIsa ane 3 laDAInI topa che. pharIdakoTa-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM ja rahe che. te hudhAnA zaherathI nairUtyakoNamAM 60 mAIla che. vastI 600 mANasanI che, temAM 3ra00 musalamAna, 1800 hiMga ane 1200 zIkha che.

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vAvyaprAMta.

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat vAvyaprAMta IlAkAnAM dezI rAjyonAM nAma, rAjakartanAM nAma, khitAba, umara, jAta, kula jamInanuM kSetraphaLa, vastI vArasIka upajane sumAre AMkaDo, khaMDaNI, briTiza sarakAra taraphathI maLatAM tepanAM mAna ane gAmanI saMkhyA. naMbara. rAjyanuM nAma rAjyakartAnuM nAma, khitAba. umara. jAta. kSetraphaLa vastI | upaja. khaMDaNI. topanuM gAma - mAna. thAzahera, (24) rAmapura. | kAbaalIkhAna. navAba. 56 musalamA 945 542000 1587000 15 1073 na. www.umaragyanbhandar.com yaNa rabanArasa (kAzI)IzrIprasAda nArA-mahArAjA. tamannA 985 383000 00000ra88100 (haNa, 3 taherI gaDhavAla) pratApasiMha. | rAjA | 38 kSatrI- 4100 200000000000 11 2347

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(285) rAmapura. A rAjyohilakhaMDamAM che ane tenI AsapAsa rohilakhaMDane IgrejI mulaka che. murAdAbAda zaherathI purvamAM 20 mAIlane che. A rAjyanI pazcima sarahada lAgelI che. rAjakarti jAtanA paThANa musalamAna che ane te navAbanI patithI oLakhAya che. A rAjyano vistAra 845 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTalo che tathA temAM 3 zahera ane 1000 gAma che. vastI Azare 542000 (pAMca lAkha betALIzahajAra) mANasanI che. vArasika upaja rU1500000 (paMdara lAkha) ne Azare thAya che - dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka DuMgarI che paraMtu tenI jamIna ghaNI rasALa che. nadIo ghaNI che paNa tevI kaMI nAmAMkita nathI. to paNa temAM kosIlA, nAhala ane rAmagaMgA mukhya nadIo che. dezane utAra uttarathI dakSiNa taraphane che. havA sArI che. nipaja-DAMgara, zeraDI, kapAsa, kaThoLa, tala, baTATAvigerenI thAya che. ahIM khAMDa ghaNI sArI bane che. janAvara-vAgha, citrA, sAbara, haraNa ane ghaNI jAtanAM vAMdarAM hoya che. gAmanA pazumAM gAyo, bheMze, ane gheTAM hoya che. rAmapura e zikArI kutrAne mATe prakhyAta che. - lokamukhya karIne rohIlA paThANa che tathA hiMdu paNa ghaNA che. hIlA leka abhimAnI ane ALasu hoya che. | mukhya zahera-Amapura e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM navAba raheche. emAM besa, paNa sArA thAya che. e zahera murAdAbAda relave sTezanathI pUrvamAM 25 mAIla ane dilhIthI pUrvamAM 180 mAIlane cheTe che ItihAsa-ahIMnA rAjaka inavAbanI paddhithI oLakhAya che. zAhaAlama ane husenakhAna nAmanA be aphagAna bhAIo hiMsthAnamAM AvIne rohilakhaMDamAM rahyA. ahiM zAha AlamanArA dAudakhAnanA vakhatamA te kuTuMbanI kItta phelAI. dAudakhAna aDhAramA saikAnI zarUAtamAM marAThA sAmenI laDAIomAM prakhyAta thayo ane tene baDavAna pAsenI jamIna bakSIsa maLI

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(286). dAudakhAnanA pachI tene choka alImahamadakhAna gAdIe be. A navAbe dilhInA pAdazAhane siyonI sAme, sArI madada karI hatI tenA badalAmAM pAdazAhe tene rohilakhaMDano ghaNokharo bhAga ane navAane khitAba Apyo. paNa kamanasIbe ayodhyAne subedAra tenA upara yusse thavAthI dilhInA pAdazAha ahamadazAhe tene tenA mulaka uparathI haka uThAvavAne ane tenA be chokarAne bAdazAhanA rakSaNa nIce soMpavAne jarUra paDI. A vakhata pachI thoDe vakhate jyAre ayodhyAno subedAra ahamadazAha rAnIne A dezamAMthI hAMkI kahADavAne zekAyo hato tyAre alImahamadakhAne A takano lAbha laI rohilakhaMDamAM jaI potAno mulaka pALe maLaze. alImahaMmadakhAne potAnA maraNa pahelAM potAnA chokarAnA dhAbhamAM TharAva karyo ane potAnA moTA chokarA je bAdazAhanI hajuramAM hatA te chUTe ane nAnA chokarA pAkI umaranA thAya tyAM sudhI potAnA bhAI rajIpharahamAnakhAna ane potAnA bApa dAUdakhAnanA pItrAI dIkhAnane rakSaka nImyA. A pachI thoDe vakhate be moTA chokarA chUTA thayA ane te rakSakoe phajulakhAnane rAmapura katrA jenI upaja rU000000) nI hatI teno jAgIradAra banAvyo. have marAThAoe pAdazAhane potAne kabaje lIdhA pachI hilakhaMDa upara svArI karI. rohilAno saradAra jIjIbadalA ghaNA divasa sudhI dihIne bacAva karI I. sa. 1770 maraNa pAmyo. tenA beTA nAkhatAkhAna upara mareThI lazkare halA karyo. prathama te bahAdUrIthI laDyo. paNa chevaTe te hArIne ayodhyAnA navAbane Azare jato rahyo. rohilAnA saradAronAM bAM chokarAM mareThAne hAtha gayAM ane teoe sehilakhaMDa lUTI ujaDa karyo. I. sa. 1773mAM hilakhaMDanA saradAre ayodhyAnA navAbanI madada mAgI. A bAbata vicAra karavAmAM keTalAka divasa gayA tevAmAM mAre pAchA gayAnI khabara maLI tethI aMgrejonI salAha pramANe hilAoe apAdhyAnA navAba sAthe salAha karI. te salAhamAM ema karyuM ke zehilakhaMDamAMthI mareThAne hAMkI muketo zahilAo navAbane dazalAkha rUpI A sta Ape tathA pachIthI 30 lAkha rUpIA traNa varasamAM Ape. A TharAva thayA pachI thoDA vakhate mareThA hilakhaMDamAM pAchA pharIthI AvyA. A

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(260) vakhata sujAuddavalAthI kaMI paNa rohilAonuM rakSaNa thaI zakyuM nahi tethI rohilA saradAra hAjIkrrahIme mareThAjhmAne kaMI dravya mApI pAchA vALyA. mareThA pharIthI gALyA ane bhAgIrathI nadIne tIre chAvaNI karIne paDyA. aa vakhata mareThA rohilakhaMDanA mulakamAMthI ayodhyA upara javAne temanI pAsethI rasto mAgavA lAgyA. tevAmAM jAkhatAmAMna temane jaI maLyo. ro.halAoe potAnI kumakane sArU ayodhyAnA navAbane je nANAM ApavA kabula karyA hatAM te kumaka nahi karavAthI mApavA hA nA karavA lAgyA. aAdhyAnA navAkhe IMgrejonI madadathI rohilA upara caDhAI karI. baMne vacce katrA AgaLa mahAbhArata yuddha thayuM temAM chevaTa rohillA hAryA mane saradAda hAjIrahImata tathA tenA be chokarA ane 2000 sipAI marAyA. ane bIjo eka chokaro keda pakaDAyA. navAbanI phoje deza supo tathA gAma khALyAM ane lokane mArI nAMkhyA. e rIte hajAro lAkanA saMhAra thayA pachI rohilA saradAra phejIlAkhAna zaraNuM mAnyA ane navAkhano tAbedAra kahevAya ane poNA paMdara lAkha rUpIAno mulaka laI rAjya kare e pramANe karAra thayo I. sa. 1774. julakhAna maraNa pAmyo te vakhata mahamadaalIkhAna ane calAmamahumadakhAna nAmanA tene be chokarA hatA. AAmAMnA moTA mahamadaalIkhAnane tenA nAnA bhAI gulAma mahamadakhAne mArI nAMkhIne te agIra chInavI lIdhI. paNa podhyAnA navAba vajIre mahaMmadasmalInA chokarA ahamadazmalIno pakSa lane IMgrejanI madada mAgI. IMgrejoe jhulAma mahamadakhAnane khareLI pAsenI laDAImAM harAvyeo. nAnA navAba ahamadamalIkhAnane rAmapurano mulaka jenI upaja rU1000000 hatI. te maLyo ane bAkIno mulaka rohilakha'Da sAthe joDavAmAM Avyo. I. sa. 1801mAM ayodhyAnA navAkhe rohilakhaMDa IMgrejone soMpyo mane ' rAmapuranI jAgIraparathI potAno haka uThAvyo, paNa iMgrejasarakAre te navAba ahamadasmalIkhAnane soMpyo. navAba ahamadaalIkhAna I. sa. 1839mAM maraNa pAmyo ane tenI pachI culAmamahamadakhAnano moTo beMkaro mahamada sayadakhAna gAdIe kheDo. navAba mahamada saiyadakhAna 4chIthI teno chokaro mahamada JasApha malIkhAna gAdIe kheA. teNe 1857 nA baLavAmAM IMgrejanI sArI nokarI khajAvI. AnA badalAmAM IMgresa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ' www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(288) rakAre tene 2104400 nI upajano mulaka ane sTAraepha IDIAno mAnavaMte khitAba Apo. navAba i.sa.1815nA eprila mAsamAM maraNa pAmyA temanI pAchaLa temano moTo chokaro mahamada kAbaalIkhAna je hAlana navAba che te gAdIe beThe. I. sa. 1877 nA jAnyuArInI pehelI tArIkhe dilhImAM je bAdazAhI darabAra bharavAmAM Avyo te vakhate A navAbane sTApha DIAnA nAITa grenDakamAnDara banAvavAmAM AvyA ane mahArANInA salAhakArane mAnavaMto khitAba maLyo. ane temane 13 tapanuM mAna maLatuM te vadhArIne 15 topanuM mAna ApyuM. hIjhahAinesa pharajaMda-I-dIlapIjhIra, delava-Ina-IMglIsI A samamada kAbaalIkhAna bahAdura ke. sI. esa. AI. kAunselara opha dhI emapeza hAla 50 varasanI umare che. temane phAMsI devAno haka che. temanA lazkaramAM 28 tapa 315 golaMdAja 505 DesvAra, 970 pAyadaLa, ane 1023 polIsa che. banArasa (kAzI) khanArasanA rAjaka rAjA kahevAya che. A rAjyamAM 85 corasa mAila jamIna 383000 mANasanI vastI ane 2800000 upaja jemAMnA 2298600 Igreja sarakArane khaMDaNInA Ape che. banArasanA rAjAnA ku Tubano sthApanAra munasA nAmano eka jamInadAra hato. te UMTerIA zaheramAM rAjakArabhAra karato hato. teNe 19 varasanA rAjyamAM banArasanA hAkemanI maherabAnIthI rU 2450000nI upajano mulaka meLavyo. munasArAma jAte gatama brAhmaNa hato. te 1730mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI teno chokaro baLavaMtasiMga gAdIe beThe. teNe uTerIAnI AsapAsa majabuta killo bAMdhyo ane tenuM nAma gaMgapUra pADyuM. rAjA baLavaMtasiMge dilhInA pAdazAhane rU21770 najarANuM tarIke ApIne juvAnapUra, banArasa ane cunAranAM pragaNuM ane rAjA bahAdUrano khitAba meLavyo ane dhIme dhIme hAlanA gAjIpUranA bahoLA mulaka upara potAnI sattA phelAvI. tenI upaja 2450000thI vadhIne rU 3500000 thaI. keTalAka kAraNasara navAba mIrakAsImane Igreja joDe laDAI thaI temAM chevaTa navAba hArIne ayodhyAnA navAba pAse ja rahyo. I. sa.

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(59) 1763mAM rAjA maLavatasiMge zAhagmAlama khAdazAha ane ayodhyAnA navAba sujAUdolAne maLIne IMgrejone khagALAmAMthI hAMkI kahADavAne temanI sAme caDAI karI; maNa bakasaranI laDAI thayA pachI rAjA ane zAhacyAlama bAdazAha IMgrejane maLI gayA. I. sa. 1765mAM sujAU~dadAlA IMgrejane zaraNe thayo ane loDaikalAiva mAgaLa teNe je sarato kabUla karI temAMnI eka evI hatI ke teNe kAzInA rAjA khaLavaMtasiMgane upadrava karavA nahi. rAjA baLavatasiMga I. sa. 1770 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI caiyatasiMha gAdIe beThA. AA rAjAnA vakhatamAM I. sa. 1775 mAM eka navI salAhathI yodhyAnA navAba smokdolatakhAMe kAzI pragaNuM IMgrejane bakSIsa smApyuM hatuM. te pragaNuM IMgrejoe navI sanada karIne rAjA saIyatasiMhane soMpyuM, mA sanaMdathI rAjAne dara sAla 322 lAkha khaMDaNInA ApavA paDayA ane potAnA nAmathI sikkA pADavA baMdha karyA. A sivAya I. sa. 1778mAM traNa palaTaNanA kharaca badala 2pIcchA pAMcalAkha vadhAre ApavA evI gavarnarajanarale mAgaNI karI. te veja temaNe mahA saMkaTa veThIne eka vakhata Apyo. paNa AgaLa te aveja IMgreje darasAla mAgavA mAMDayo je ApavA yatasiMha nA kahI. tethI rAjAne aparAdhI TharAvI temaNe te aveja mApavo athavA bIjo daMDa ApavA ema TharAva karIne rAjAne zikSA karavA sArU gavaranarajanarale kAzI javA taiyArI karI. kalakattAnI maMtrI sabhAmAM hesTIMgsanI virUddha pakSamAM je iMgreja mamaladAra hatA temanI sAthe maLI jaine thayatasiMhe eka kAmamAM AgaLa hesTIMgsane bahu pajavyo hato tethI hesTIMgsane rAjApara vera hatuM. have te vera vALavAne DesTIMgsa rAjI thayo. prathama teNe rAjA pAse dhoDesvAronuM sanya mAgyuM. te ApavAne rAjAe Dhacupacu karIne pachIthI hA kahI. 5chIthI teNe rAjA pAse drava mAgyuM te ApavAnI rAjAe nA kahI. AthI rAjA pAse vadhAre daMDa levAne TharAva karyo. rAjAe te daMDa ApavAnA kahI tethI hesTIMgsa rAjAnA darabAramAM gayo eTale cayasisa senI sAme jaI mAna ApyuM tathA tene karagarIne kahyuM ke mArA parASa mArka karo? paraMtu bIje varase caiyatasiMhe te vAta kabula karI nahi tethI hesTIMgsa 37

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(240 ) jhusse thayo ane tA. 16 bhAgasTa sane 1781nA roje rAjAne kuda karetrA mATe potAnA mANasane laIne rAjAnA darabAramAM gayo tathA rAjAne kaida karyo. zaheranA lokoe mA vAta jANI eTale te loka tathA jAtrALu loka ane sanyAsI tathA brAhmaNa lokoe khaDa karyuM. rAjAne je mahelamAM keda karyuM| hato te mahelamAM gayA ane peheregIrone mAryA. IMgreja peheregIroe TakrAva kIno paNa chevaTa temane harAvI . lokoe rAjAne kudamAMthI choDAvyo. mA laDAlaDI cAlatI hatI. tevAmAM caMyatasiMha eka khArInI vATe gaMgA nadI upara jaI tenI pelIpAra rAmanagara jato rahyo. ahIM lokoe hesTIMgsane keda karyuM, paNa thoDA divasamAM IMgrejI phoja tenA rakSaNane mATe AAvI eTale ratovaI cunAragaDha jato rahyo. aiyatasiMha yuddha sAmagrI laIne IMgreja sAme laDavAne taiyAra thayo ane laDAI laDavA mAMDI paNa tenuM lazkara dama vagaranuM hAvAthI ane hyusTIMgsane sahAya karavAne cAre taraphathI IMgrejI lazkara mAvI paheAMcavAthI ceyatasiMha hArIne kAzIthI pacAsa kozapara AvelA vijayagaDhanA killAmAM jato rahyo. hesTIMgsa tenI pAchaLa paDyo ane vijayagaDha gayo eTale cayatasiMha khudelakhaMDa jato rahyo tyAM te I. sa. 1810 mAM maraNa pAmyo. pachI TesTIMgse caMyatasiMhane rAjya sAthe sabaMdha nathI ema TharAvI capatasiMhanA pehalAMnA rAjA baLavaMtasiMhanI putrInA putra mahIpanArAyane gAdIpura khesADIne rAjA khanAvyo. mA navA rAjAe 40 lAkha rUpIgmA khaMDaNI mApavI ane e rAjyanI rayatano nasApha IMgrejI kAyadA pramANe karave evo gavaranara janarale TharAva karyuM|. sane 1782 mAM hesTIMgse kAzInA rAjA upara ka MpanInA phAyadA sArU julama karyuM te korTeADIrekaTarane gamyo nahiM tethI teoe tene pako lakhIne teNe kareluM pheravavAne hukama karyo. I. sa. 1795 mAM rAA mahIpanArAyaNa maraNa pAmyA ane temanI pachI temano chekaro rAjA UdIna nArAyaNa gAdIe kheThA. te 1835 mAM maraNa pAmyA ane temano dattaka lIdhelo chokaro IzvaraprasAda nArAyaNa gAdIe kheDhA te hAlanA rAjAche. hIjhahAinesa mahArAjA zrIprasAda nArAyaNazIMga khahAdura I. sa.

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(21) 1805 nA DisembaranI tA. ra3mIe kalakati prInsa opha vesane maLavA gayA hatA. bIje divase dezI rAjAne AvakAra devAne je sabhA karAvI hatI temAM temane teDAvyA hatA. tA. 5 mI jAnyuArI sane 181nA roja prInsaphilma kAzI padhAryA ane rAjAne killo joyo ane rAjAe je AvakAra dA tethI ghaNA khuzI thayA. hIjhahAinesa mahArAjAne I.sa. 1877nA jAnyuArInI pahelI tArIkhe je bAdazAhI darabAra bharavAmAM Avyo hato tyAM mAnavaMta sTApha iDIA grenDakamAnDara banAvyA. mahArAjAne topanuM mAna maLe che. temaNe nArAyaNane dataka lIdhA che. ahinA sajAne dattakanI sanaMda maLelI che. tehari (gaDhavADa). A rAjya himAlaya parvatamAM che. hiMdustAnanA dakSiNa utAra tarapha sImalAnA pahADamAM DuMgarI saMsthAne che tenAthI agnikoNa tarapha che. jo ke gaDhavALa prAMtamAM beharI saMsthAnanA rajaputa rAjA sivAya bIjI keTalIka nAnI jagI che ane kula kSetraphaLa 4188 corasa jamIna rara4 gAma tathA vastI 200000 (be lAkha) mANasanI ane vArasIka upaja sumAre 80000 che to paNa te badhA jAgIdAze teharInA rAjAnA tAbedAra jevA che. dezanuM svarUpa-A deza himAlaya upara hovAthI kevaLa parvata ane jhADIthI bharelo che. nadIo gaMgA ane jamunA e mukhya che. temanAM muLa himAlayamAM che. te A mulakamAM thaIne dakSiNa tarapha jAya che. himAlayamAMnA UMcA UMcA DuMgaromAMnA keTalAka A dezamAM che. havA paNa ThaMDIche. topaNa uttara bhAganI sArI ane dakSiNa taraphanIrogISTa che. DuMgaranI khINo ane keTalAka sapATa bhAganI jamIna ghaNI rasALa tathA temAM ghauM, bAjarI, juvAra, makAI, java, DAMgara, zeraDI, kapAsa, tamAka ane gaLI vigerenI nipaja thAya che. dezamAM devadAra, sAla vRkSa, ekavRkSa ane te zivAya bIjI ghaNI jAtanAM jhADa thAya che. janAvaramAM vAva, rIMcha, vAMdarA, sAbara ane haraNa vigere paNa jAtanAM hoya che. gAma pazumAM baLada, bheMze, gAyo ane bA vigere heyo

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(292) lokamAM rajapUta, bhutIA, Deba, brAhmaNa ane musalamAna vigere heya che. Deba e nIca jAtanA lokache. bhASA ghaNuM karIne hiMdI che. gaDhavALa prAMtanA pUrva bhAgamAM gaMgotrI, janmotrI, devaprayAga, ane kedAranAtha vigere jAtrAnAM prasiddha sthAna A velAM che. harIdvAra nAmanuM gAma A rAjyanI nirUtya koNanI sarahadathI naratyakoNa tarapha Azare 30 mAilane che. aMgrejI sahakaraNapura jIllAmAM che. e paNa hiMduonuM eka prasiddha tirtha tathA kSetra che. varase varasa ahIM jAtrA ane meLo bharAya che. mukhya zahera teharI e gaMgA nadInA UgamaNA kAMThAthI thoDe che. tathA te sahAraNapUra relave sTezanathI IzAna koNa tarapha Azare 60 mAIlane cheTe che. e zahera rAjadhAnInuM hovAthI temAM rAjA rahe che. ItihAsa-teharI (gaDhavAla. gaDhavAlanA rAjake rAjA kahevAya che. gaDhavAlanA rAjAoe ghaNI peDhI sudhI alakaMdA nadIne baMne kinAre AvelA mulaka upara rAja karyuM. pAMca varasapara alakaMdAnI khINanA para bhAga paDyAM hatA ane tyAM judA judA saradAre rAja karatA hatA. cothA ane pAMcamA saikAnA madhya bhAgamAM cAMdapuranA anya pAle saghaLA bhAga kabaje karI gaDhavAlanuM rAja sthApyuM. teNe zrIgaramAM potAnI rAjadhAnI karI ane tyAM potAne mATe mahela baMdhAvyo jenAM khaMDera haju sudhI tyAM jevAmAM Ave che. A sAkhAnA vaMza jeo cAMdavaMzanA kahevAya che temaNe I. sa. 1803 sudhI gaDhavAla ane teharInA mulakapara rAjya karyuM. AmAMnA eka pradhumAnazAhane alamorAno saradAra banAvyo hato. A rAjyanA asalanA itihAsa vize kaMI jaNAyuM nathI paNa ema kahevAya che ke temaNe ghaNAM varasa sudhI AkhA gaDhavAla para rAja karyuM che. topaNa teo dilhInA pAdazAhane thoDI khaMDaNI ApatA hatA. I. sa. 1804mAM pradhI muzAha rAjAne gurakhA lokoe hAMkI mukyo. teno karo sudarasenazAha daheranAzI gayo hato tyAM I. sa. 1815mAM bhAre nepAlanI laDAIne che Avyo tyAre te Igreja sarakArane ghaNI kaMgALa sthItI mAlama paDyo. aMgreja sarakAre tene I. sa. 1800 nA mArca mahinAnI sanadathI AlakaMda nadInI pazcimano mulaka pAcho apAvyo ane pUrva taraphano deharAdana ane gaDhavAlanuM pragaNu IMgrejoe rAkhyuM. rAjA suMdarasene I. sa.

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(293) 1857nA baLavAmAM sArI nokarI bajAvI. te I. sa. 1859mAM maraNa pAmyA ane temanI pachI temane meTo anarasa chokaraze bhavAnIzAha gAdIe beThe. A rAjAne dattaka levAnI sanaMda maLI che. rAjA bhavAnIzAha Isa. 1871 mAM maraNa pAmyo. tenI pachI pratApasiMha gAdIe beThA te hAlanA rAjA che. te I. sa. 1850mAM janmyA hatA hIjhahAinesa rAjA pratApasiMhanA gAdIe beThA pachI onarebala mejara janarala sarahenarI ramase. sI. bI. ke. sI. esa. AI. je kamAUna ane gaDhavALanA kamIzanara che temanA hAtha nIce rAjyamAM ghaNAM sudhArA thayA che. rAjA pratApazAhe dara varase rU 1000) karatAM vadhu kharacanI teharImAM eka skula dAkhala karI che. A sivAya teharImAM ane AsapAsanA gAmamAM keTalIka hiMda pAThazALA che. vaLI A rAjae lokanI davAne mATe daravarase rU500) ApavA kabUla karyuM che. ane teharImAM eka davAkhAnuM baMdhAvyuM che. vaLI polIzane mATe eka navuM makAna bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM che. teharIthI te masurInI TekarI sudhI 38 mAIlanI saDaka bAMdhI che ane yuropI musApharane mATe dasa bAra mAIla cheTe baMgalA bAMdhyA che. hIjha hAinesa rAjA pratApasiMha I. sa. 1877nA jAnyuArInI pahelI tArIkhe dilhImAM je pAdazAhI darabAra bharavAmAM Avyo hato tyAM hAjara hatA. A rAjAne 11 tenuM mAna che ane halakA darajAnI sattA che. hAla rajAnI umara 40 varasanI che. temane karatazAha nAmano kuMvara che. ,

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baMgALA ilAko.

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baMgALA IlAkAnAM dezI rAjyAnAM nAma, rAja katAnAM nAma, khitAba, umara, jAta, kula jamInanu kSetraphaLa, vastI, vArasika upajanA sumAre AMkaDA, briTiza sarakAra taraphathI maLatAM temanAM mAna ane gAmanI sakhyA. naMbara. rAjyanuM nAma. sikima 1 ' kSetrajAta phaLa. |mahArAjA)28TIpIhAra 1550 70000 rAja kartAnuM nAma. |khitAba. umara. vastI. upaja. topanAM gAmanI mAna. saMkhyA. thAMtAbanemagve 200000 15 kucabihAra. nRpendronArAyaNa mahArAjA ra4rAjavaMzI 1307 602000 1320000 13 TIperA vIracaMda mANeka mahArAjA para kSatrI 4086146200 190000 13 maNIpura caMdrakoiisaMga |mahArAjA kSatrI A 200221000 20000 11 1314 (295)

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(296) baMgALA IlAkA. A ilAko dhaNuM karIne hiMdustAnanA pUrva bhAgamAMche ane tenA u para amala karanAra je mukhya adhIkArIche te lephaTenenTa gavaranara kahevAyache. sImA--smA ilAko vastI ane vistAramAM hiMdustAnanA sarva rAjya kIya bhAgeA karatAM moToche. tenI uttare nepALa ane bhutAna, zAnakoNamAM mAzAma prAMta, pUrve maNIpura tathA keTalAka DuMgarI prAMtache. dakSiNe khagALAno upasAgara, nerUtyakoNe madrAza IlAkAnA DhImA prAMtanAM nAnAM syAno ane pazcime madhyaprAMto, madhyahiMda ejansInuM revAnuM rAjya ane vAvyaprAMtonA alahAbAda vigere jIllAche. A ilAkrAmAM sane 1881nI gaNatrImAM nIce mujaba kSetraphaLa ane vastIche. IMgrejIkhAlazA mulakamAM dezI rAjyo. kSetraphaLa vastI. 163902 37998 66691456 2845405 kula. 201900 69536861 IMgrejI khAlazA mulakamAM khAza khagALAprAMta, bahAraprAMta, kaTaka prAMta, DhIJA prAMta, ane choTAnAgapura vigere prAMtoche. temaja dezI rAjyomAM sikrima, kucabIhAra, tIparA ane cItAgAMganAM DuMgarAmAM keTalAMka nAnAM saMsthAnoche. dezanuM svarUpa--pUrva ane pazcima simAno deza khAtala karIe to AkhA ilAkAno ghaNo kharo bhAga rasALa ane sapATa che. mAnA keTalAka bhAga gaMgA (bhAgIrathI) ane brahmaputrA mA nadIgmAnA kAMTAthI vITAeNleche. tethI te bhAga comAsAmAM nadIcyAnA puthI phukhI jAyache jethI gAmo nAnA nAnA kheTa jevAM jAyache. mA ilAkAmAM ThAma ThAma jhIla (sarovara) jovAmAM Aveche; temAMnAM keTalAMka unALAmAM sukAI jAyache. mukhya nadIcya brahmaputra e nadInuM muLa tibeTa dezamAMche tyAMthI te himAlaya parvata uparathI utarIne JAsAma dezamAMthI mAvIne gAvaLapArA gAma pAse AA IlAkAmAM dAkhala thAyache. tenA mahedragajA pAse e bhAMTA thAyache. ugamaNI khAcchunA kAMTAnuM nAma brahmaputrA evuM kAyama raheche. ane AthamaNI khAjunA kAMTAnuM nAma konaI nadI evuM

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(297) paDeluMche. konano phAMTo dakSiNamAM 100 mAila gayA pachI brahmaputrAne jaI maLeche. pachIthI pAchA konaI kAMTA agnikoNamAM 70 mAla gayA pachI brahmaputrAne maLeche. (7) tIstA e moTI nadI sikimadezamAMthI smA IlAkAmAM mAveche. te dhaNA jIllAmAM pasAra thaine mahedraga jA mAgaLa brahmaputrane maLeche. (ra) bhAgIrathI mA nadI tIkheTamAMthI uttapana thaI gAjIpura jIllo pasAra karIne mA IlAkAnA cAsAM gAma pAse mAvIche. tene tyAMthI 70 mAila gayA pachI vALyakoNa tarakuthI dhodharA ane sarayu nAmanI nadIe mAvI maLeche. dhodharAno saMgama thayA pachI A nadI khagALA IlAkAmAM praveza kareche. tyAMthI agnikoNe 20 mAila gayA pachI tene zoNabhadrA nAmanI nadI maLeche ane tyAMthI vIza mAila gayA pachI gadakI tene ugamaNe pAse maLeche. ahIMthI 160 mAila AgaLa gayA pachI tene kAsImane kAsIkI nadI maLeche. bhAgIrathIno moTA pravAza kAsInadI tene maLeche te ThekANethI thAyache. ahIthI thoDe dura gayA pachI bhAgIrathInA keTalAka phAMTA thAyache. kAsInA saMgamathI thoDe dura bhAgIrathInA khe kAMTA thAyache; temAMno mAthamaNA kAMTo bhAgIrathInA nAmathI oLakhAyache ane ugamaNI pAsAno kAMTo padmAnA nAmathI oLakhAyache. AA phAMTAnA khAthamaNI pAsAnA phAMTAne hiMduloka pavitra mAneche. padmA nAmanA kAMTAne tyAMthI 70 mAila gayA 5chI jaliMga nAmano kAMTA chuTeche. A kAMTA mAgaLa jatAM bhAgIrathI nAmanA kAMTAne maLeche. pachIthI A be phAMTA ekaThA thaI jAyache ane te hugalI nadInA nAmathI oLakhAyache. te kalakattA pAse thaI sAgaranA geTa pAse khagALAnA upasAgarane maLeche. * padmAne jaMliMga nAmano kAMTA chuTayoche, tyAMthI 100 mAIla gayA pachI te brahmaputrAnA konaI nAmanA eka kAMTAne bIjo phAMTA chuTayoche tene maLI te 150 mAila gayA pachI baMgALAnA upasAgarane maLeche, A sivAya A ilAkAmAM khIjI keTalIka nAnI nadIoche. nipaja--kapAsa, gaLI, tamAku, kasukheA, khasakhasa, zeraDI, mIMDI, cokhA, sahu vigarenIche. ahIM lokane khAvAnuM mukhya dhAnya cokhAche. ahI paNa khAjarI te jAranA paNa pAka thAyache janAvara--hAthI, vAdha, dheDA, rIMcha, vanabheMsa, sAbara, haraNa dIpaDAM, vigere dhAtakI janAvaro jaMgalamAM mAlama paDeche. 38

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(28) ane loko ghoDA, gAya, baLada,bheze, bakarAM, kutrA vagerene uchere che. loka-ahIMnA loka baMgALI che. teo dekhAvaDA ane AnaMdI - che. temanI buddhi dhaNI sArI ane vidyAno ghaNo zokha hoya che paNa teo zarIre azakata, susta, ane bIkaNa hoya che. ahIMnA karatAM bahAra prAMtanA loka zarIre ghaNuM majabuta hoya che. dhama-ahIMnA loka veda dharma pALe che ane bIjA keTalAka muzalamAnI dharma pALe che. hAlamAM prastI dharmano phelAvo paNa thavA mAMDyo che. bhASA-baMgALAmAM baMgALI. bahAramAM mAgadhI mithIlI, tIra hatI ane eTIAmAM oDhI bhASA tathA hiMdustAnI tathA u4 bhASA cAle che. mukhya zahero kalakattA e rAjadhAnInuM zahera hugalI nadIne kAMThe che ne temAM gavanara janarala rahe che. A sivAya murzIdAbAda, kAkA, baradhAna vigere che ane dezI rAjyomAM tamaluMga, bahAra, komIlA vagere mukhya zahera che. sikima.' A rAjya dIna jAMganA nAmathI oLakhAya che ane te himAlayamAM tibeTa dezanI dakSiNa sarahada upara che. tenA rAjakartA boddha dharmanA che ane te mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. sImA-uttara tathA pUrvadizAe tIbeTadeza, agnikoNamAM bhUtAnideza, dakSiNe baMgALA IlAkAne dArjilIMga challo ane pazcime nepALadeza che. - A rAjyane vistAra-1550 corasa mAIla jamInane che tathA tene mAM vastI 7000 (sAta hajAra) mANasanI vastI che. vASika Upaja ? 200000 (belAkha)ne Asare thAya che. dezanuM svarUpa-A dezanA uttara taraphanA bhAgamAM himAlaya parvatanAM moTAM ane UMcAM UcAM zikharamAMnAM keTalAMkache temAMnuM kAcanamezAnuM zIkhara 28150 phuTa ucuM che. dezano utAra dakSiNa tarapha che. nadIo-ti stA e mukhya nadI che jenuM muLa himAlaya parvatamAM tibeTanI hadamAM che. e nadI A dezamAM uttarathI te dakSiNa tarapha vahI agADI dArjilIMga jIllo tathA kucabihArane mulaka pasAra karI keTalAka nilane che. brahmaputrAne meLe che. sivAya A rAjyamAM ghaNI nadIo che te uttara taraphathI pragaTa thaI dakSiNamAM jAya che. A sivAya laina, lazRMga, burI raNajIta, raMgarI vigere nAnI nadIo che, mInasugaMga AgaLa tAMbAnI khANa che.

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(299) havA ThaMDI che. khAomAM ziALAmAM barapha paDe che. varasAda vehelo Ave che. nipaja-gera,dhau ane kaThALa tathA zAka tarakAranI che. janAvara hAthI, vAdha geMDA, dheya, bakaruM vigere ghaNI jAtanAM janAvara jevAmAM Ave che. leka-ahinA loka tIbeTa ke bhUtAna dezanA lokane maLatA che. teo biddha dharma pALe che. bhutIA tathA bIjA keTalAeka loka hiMdu tathA musalamAna dharmanI mizratAvALA hoya che. A dezanA lokanA zarIrane raMga pILAza para ke gero hoya che. A loka zarIre jabarA tathA mihenatuM hoya che. mukhya zahera tamabhUga e pUrva bhAgamAM tistA nadInI ugamaNe kinAre rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. tyAM mahArAjA rahe che. paNa unALAmAM tIbeTanI cambI. jAgIramAM jaI rahe che. ItihAsasikiAnA rAjyakartA mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. evuM kahevAya che ke sikimanA rAjAnA vaDIla tIbeTa dezanA lAchAnI paDezamAMthI AvyA ane gaTakamAM AvI vasyA. 19mA saikAmAM te kuTuMbanA vaDAnI pAse DapakAnA budha dharmagurUo AvyA ane tene rAjA banAvyo. I. sa. 18mAM maraMganA vakhatamAM gukhA lekoe sikimapara caDAI karI ane I. sa. 1789mAM jyAre tIbeTanA rAjAe koTI pAsanA mathALAno thoDe mulaka Ape tyAre pAchA gayA. I. sa. 1792mAM gurakhA lokoe pharIthI sikima para caDAI karI paNa sikImanA rAjAe temane cInanA vikanI madadathI harAvI pAchA kahADyA. A vakhate nakI thayuM ke khaTamaMDa sudhInI hada tIbeTanI che. I.sa. 1814-15 igrejakAre sikimanA rAjAne gurakhAlekane temanA dezamAMthI hAMkI kahADavAne madada karI ane mazI ane TIsTA dI vaceno je mulaka nepALanA rAjAe IsTaiDI A kaMpanIne Apo hato ne Igreje temane pAcho Apyo. I. sa. 1835 mAM aMgreja sarakAre tyAMnA mahArAjA pAse dArjilIMganA. pahADI mulakane mATe mAgaNI karI che teNe kabula karyuM ane tenA khuda lAmAM aMgreja sarakAre tene dara varase rU 3000) ApavA kabUla karyuM che sa. 1841 thI46 sudhImAM rU3000) vadhAre maLavAno TharAva thayo, jo vakhata pachI dArjilIMganI vastImAM paNa vadhAro thayo tethI tyAMnA vika

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(300) nane paNa adekhAI upajI ane te aMgrejI yitane pakaDI gulAma tarIke vecavA lAgyo. I. sa. 1849mAM DAkaTara Tukara ane DAuTara kepabela je dArjilIMganA suprITenDenTa hatA te sarakAranI rajAthI simimAM gayA; paNa temane pakaDIne keda karyo ane DokTara kepabelane, je gunegAro pakaDavA hatA temanA uparathI haka uThAvavA ane je gulAma nAzI gayA hatA temane choDI devA vize divAna je kare te kabula karavAne ane A sarato sarakAra kabula kare tyAM sudhI tene tyAM rahevAnI jarUra pADI. AnI gavaranarajanaralane tarata khabara maLavAthI teNe rAjAne khabara ApI ke tamArI eka paNa sarata kabula karavAmAM Avaze nahi ane DokaTara kepabela ne chekaTara karane kaMI IjA thaze to tene javAba ApavuM paDaze. AthI rAjAe bane te baMne kedIone kaMI paNa IjA karyA vagara I. sa. 1849nA DisembaranI tA. ra9mIe chUTA karyo. I. sa. 1850nA phebruArI mahinAmAM sikimanA rAjA sAme laDAI karI. AthI rAjAne divAnane baratarapha karavAnI jarUra paDI ane aMgrejasarakAre dara varase 36000) ApavAnA baMdha karyA ane sikima tIrAI temaja rAmamanadI, moTI raNajItanadI ane TIsTAnadI ane nepALanI hada vaccenA sikkimanA DuMgara aMgrejI rAjya sAthe joDI dIdhA. A pachI nava varasa sudhI rAjA joDe salAha rahI; paNa baratarapha thaelA dIvAne potAnI strI je rAjAnI anArasa dIkarI hatI tene dAjilIMganA pahADI mulakamAMthI ane tene AsapAsanA mulakamAMthI IgrejI riyatane pakaDI gulAma tarIke vecavAnI rIta jarU rAkhavAne uzakerI. I. sa. 1860nI aMdara A bAbatanA be kesa IgrejasarakAra pAse gayA ane temane choDAvavAne je prayatna karavAmAM AvyA te niSphaLa gayA tethI gavaranara janarale rAmamanadInI uttare Avelo mulaka ane moTI raNachatanI pazcime AvelA mulaka rAjA pAsethI laI levAne ane te gunegArone pAchA sepe nahi tyAM sudhI te rAkhavAno TharAva karyo. I. sa. 1860nA navembara mAsamAM dAjilAMganA suprITenDare rAmamanadI oLaMgI paNa tene pAchA haThavAnI jarUra paDI tethI phiTenTa, kalagobara ane Anarebala A IDanane eka bhAre lazkara laI mokalyA. teo TesTAnadI sudhI gayA; paNa hIjhaekSelansI mahArAjA si

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(301). kIaga kujhue gavaranara janarale karelI saghaLI sarata kabula karI tethI i. sa. 1861nA mArca mahinAmAM pharIthI salAha thaI. I. sa. 18ramAM IgrejasarakAre 26000)nI rakama I. sa. 1850mAM ApavI baMdha karI hatI te ApavI sarU karI ane rAjAne mAne khAtara te vadhArIne I.sa. 1818mAM 28000) ane I.sa.1873mAM 12000) ApavA sarU karyA. I.sa.1804mAM hIjhahAinesa mahArAjA sikI agakujha maraNa pAmyA ane temanI pachI temanA oramAI bhAI thotAbane macce gAdIe beThA. hajhahAinesa mahArAjA thatAbane majhe bahAdUra jyAre rANI vIkaTorIAe "emapresa vikaToriA" evo khitAba dhAraNa karyo tyAre potAnI rAjyadhAnImAM darabAra nahi bharI zakavAthI potAnA mukhya amaladArone I. sa. 1877 jAnyuArInI pahelI tArIkhe dArjilIMgamAM je jAhera darabAra bharavAmAM Avyo hato. tyAM mokalyA hatA. mahArAjAne phAMsI devAne haka che ane 15 temanuM mAna maLe che. mahArAjA hAla 28 varasanI umare che. - - kucabihAra. A rAjya baMgALA dezamAM uttara sImAnI aMdara che ane tenA rAjaka rAjavaMzI che tathA te mahArAjAnI padrithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare tathA pazcime dAra chalIMga jIllo, pUrve geva pArA jIllo ane dakSiNa tathA nityakoNa tarapha raMgapurachallo che. A rAjyano vistAra 1300 corasa mAIla jamIna jeTaluM che tathA temAM 1214 gAma tathA emAM vastI 62000 mANasanI che, temAM 420000 hiMdu tathA 104000 musalamAna ane bIjA paracuraNa loka che. vArSIka upaja rU. 13ra0000 (teralAkha vIsa hajAra)ne Azare thAya che. A rAjya chejasarakArane khaMDaNI Ape che. dezanuM svarUpa-mulaka sapATa tatha. jamIna cIkaNI che. dezano utAra agnikoNa tarapha che. nadIo-mukhya nadI tistA e tibeTanI hadamAMthI pragaTa thaI sikima ane dAra chalIMga challo pasAra karI A rAjamAM thaIne agnikoNa tarapha hada choDyA pachI keTalAka mebane che. brahmaputrA nadIne maLe che. e sivAya bIjI keTalIka nadIo che je uttara tarapha bhutAnanA mulakamAMthI AvI agnikoNa tarapha jAya che, ane

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(302) te paNa brahmaputrAne maLe che. A nadIothI pANInI AvavAnI sArI che. jamIna tathA nipaja-A dezanI agnikoNa taraphano bhAga ghaNe - sALa che. temAM DAMgara, ghauM, java, kaThoLa, tala, dIvelI, kapAsa, tamAku, gaLI ane khasakhasanA choDa thAya che. havA sAdhAraNa bhInAzavALI che ta* thA te sukhadAyaka che. janAvara-uttara bhAganA rAnamAM geMDA, vAgha, rIMcha, cItrA, vanarbhaze, vanapADA, rAnI AkhalA, sAbara, haraNa, dIpAM, kukara, vAMdarAM vigere che. vastInA janAvaramAM ghoDA, baLada, gAya, bhesa, pADA, bakarA vigere hoya che. loka ghaNuM karIne hiMdu tathA musalamAna che tathA te lAMbA coDA ane baLavAna hoya che. supaDatAI temanAmAM cheja nahi. mukhya zahera bahAra. e A rAjanA izAna koNamAM rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. temAM rAjA rahe che. IsTa IDIA relave lAina uparanA rAjamahAla relave sTesanathI Azare 125 mAIlane cheTe bahAra che. itihAsa-eka evI kahevata cAle che ke hA nAmano mANasa kucabihAranA rAjyanI sthApanAra hato. paNa bIjI eka evI kahevata cAle che ke kucabihAranA rAjakartA harIAnA vaMzajo che A baMne kahevatamAM hIrA ane cha nAmanI be yuvatIo vizenI vAta che jemAMnI eka mujaba te be baheno hatI ane bIjI kahevata mujaba te koI eka mANasanI strIo hatI. emAMnI eka jIrAne keTalAka mulaka maLyo hato ane bIjI hIrA ghaNI khubasurata hatI tethI siva tenI sAthe pAramAM paDyo. AthI karIne tene vizu athavA bIsavAsiMga nAmano kuMvara thaze. A kuMvara kucabihArano pahelo rAjA hato. kucabihAranA rAjake potAnA nAma sAthe nArAyaNa evuM nAma lakhe che. sAdhAraNa loko jemaNe ismAlano dharma pALyo nathI teo potAne rAjavaMzI kahevaDAve che. A vaMzamAM sarvathI moTo rAjA vIsusIMgane cheka naranAraNa hato. te i.sa. 155mAM rAja karato hato. teNe kAma rUpano saghaLo mulaka jItI lI. che, ane AsAmamAM keTalAMka devaLa baMdhAvyAM, jenAM khaMDera haju sudhI mAlama paDe che. teNe bhutAnanA deba rAjane khaMDaNI ApavAnI jarUra paDI, ane bIjA keTalAka mulaka jItI potAnI sattA vadhArI. naranArAyaNe pona tAnA rAjyanA bhAga pADI potAnA bhAIne vaheMcI ApyA hatA, ane haju sudhI tenA vaMzane AsAmamAM paisAdAra jamInadAro che.

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(303) naranArAyaNanI pachI tene chokaro lakSmInArAyaNa gAdIe beTho. A rAjAne mugalapAdazAhe pakaDI didhI mokalI dIve, paNa mugalapAdazAhane khaMDaNI ApavI evI zarate tene pAche mokalyo. uttara taraphathI bhutAnanA lokoe humalA karI kuMcabIhAranA rAjA purIdhara nArAyaNaje rAjavaMzI jAtanA hatA temane I. sa. 1772mAM keda karyo hatA. A vakhate rAjA purIdhara nArAyaNe potAnA vajIra najIra devanI mAraphate aMgreja sarakAranI madada mAgI ne isTaIDiA kaMpanIne potAnA rAjyanI aDadhI upaja ApavAnuM kabUla karyuM. A aMgreja sarakAre kabula karyuM. ane bhutAnanA lokane te dezamAMthI hAMkI kahADyA. vaLI I. sa. 1773nA eprIla mAsamAM eka salAha karavAmAM AvI jethI rAjAe IgrejasarakAranuM uparIpaNuM kabula karavAne, kucabihArane baMgALA 2jI rAja sAthe joDI devAne, bhutAna joDe laDhAI thAya temAM je kharaca thAya te ApavAne, ane potAnA rAjyanI aDadhI upaja ApavAnuM kabUla karyuM. I. sa. 178mAM rAjA purIdhara nArAyaNa maraNa pAmyA ane temanI pachI pujInadara nArAyaNa gAdIe beThA. paNa temaNe temanA bhAIne mArI nAMkhyA mATe bhutAnanA rAjAe temane keda pakaDyA; paNa I.sa. 1774nA eprIla mahinAmAM bhUtAnanA debarAjA joDe salAha karavAmAM AvI hatI tethI temane chuTA karavAmAM AvyA. rAja puchanadara nArAyaNa I. sa. 1783mAM maraNa pAmyA. temanI pAchaLa temano nAno kuMvara harIdara nArAyaNa gAdIe beTho. A rAjA pada varasa rAjya karyA pachI I.sa.1839mAM maraNa pAmyo ne tene choko sIlIMdara nArAyaNa gAdIe beThA.te I.sa. 1847mAM maraNa pAmyo ne tenI pAchaLa temano bhatrIje narIndra nArAyaNa jemaNe tene dattaka lIdhA hatA te gAdIe beThA. rAjA narIndranArAyaNa 10 varasa rAjya karI I. sa. 1863nA ane gaSTa mahinAmAM maraNa pAmyA. temanA pachI temane kaMvara tapendro nArAyaNa gAdIe beThA ne te hAlano rAjA che. i. sa. 1807nA jAnevArInI pahelI tArIkhe dIlhImAM je pAdazAhI darabAra bharavAmAM Avyo hato temAM baMgALAnA rAjAomAM phakata hajhahAinesa rAjA narendra nArAyaNa bhUpa bahAra hAjara hatA. rAjAne paTaNAnI kolejamAM sArI keLavaNI ApavAmAM AvI che. rAjA nIpa% I. sa. 188 nA mArca mahinAmAM kalakattAnA brAhmonA mukhya bAbu kezaba candrasenanI chokarIne paraNayA

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(304) ahInA rAjAne halakA darajAnI sattA che. ane 13 tapanuM mAna maLe che. rAjA kAcI umarano hevAthI kacabIhArane rAjyakArabhAra kucabihAranA kamIzanaranA hAtha nIce che. kucabihAra-e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ane temAM mahArAjA rahe che. te tarazAna nadI para AveluM che. vastI 10000 hajAra mANasanI che. 6000 hajAra hIMdu ane 4000 musalamAna che. A zaheramAM sAgaradIdhI nAmanuM eka sarovara che. A zaheramAM grejI ane vanyAkayulara skUla, chApakhAnuM, ne davAkhAnuM che. A sivAya posTaphIsa kedakhAnuM ane navo rAjya mahela che. A mahela bAMdhatAM 31200000 (bAralAkha) kharaca thayuM hatuM. TIperA. baMgALA ilAkAmAM eka dezI rAjya che. ahIMnA rAjakartA jATajAdI vaMzanA che. ane te mahArAjAnI padithI oLakhAya che. sImA-A rAjyanI uttare sIlatanuM AzAma pramANuM, pazcime TIperA ane noAkhAlIno mulaka, dakSiNe AkhAlI ane cItAgAMga, ane pUrva susAino mulaka, ane cItAgAMgane pahADI mulaka che. A rAjyano vistAra 4086 corasa mAIla jamIna ane temAM vastImAM 50600 mANasanI parvata upara ane 45 gAma pAdhara medAnamAM che ane temAM 8500 mANasanI vastI che. vArSIka upaja sumAre 3100000ne Azare thAya che. - dezanuM svarUpa-TekarA TekarI vALe che, TekarIo upara vAMsanA jaMgala puSkaLa che. ane nIcANamAM puSkaLa jhAjhe ugelAM jovAmAM Ave che. parvatanI TekarIo uparathI dezane dekhAva ramaNya che. A TekarIomAMnI mukhya, jAmapuI saranatalaMga, leMgatarAI, athAramurA vagere mukhya che. nadIo-mukhya nadIo gomatI, yAI, pAlaI, manu, bhurI ane kenI e mukhya che. mukhya nipaja-A rAjyamAM cokhAnI ghaNI jAto thAya che. A sivAya phaLa ane bhAjapAlo nipaje che. jaMgalamAM sAga, vAMsa, netara ane bIjAM aneka jAtanAM lAkaDa thAya che. A rAjyamAM jaMgala khAtenI upaja rU55000 sudhInI thAya che. janAvara-hAthI puSkaLa

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(305) mAlama paDe che. A sivAya geMDA, vAgha, dIpaDA, rIMcha, haraNa, sasalAM vIgere janAvara mukhya che. A rAjyamAM hAthI pakaDAya che tenI upaja dara varase rU5000 thI 22500 sudhI thAya che. | mukhya zahera-agaratAla e rAjadhAnInuM zahera che ne temAM rAjA - he che. A zahera hAvarA nadIne kinAre che. ane te komIlAthI 40 mAIlane cheTe che. temAM 2100 mANasanI vastI che. junuM agaratAla hAlanA rAjadhAnInA zaherathI 4 mAIla che. junuM udepura je agAu rAjadhAnInuM zahera hatuM. tyAM haju sudhI keTalAMeka khaMDero che. A sivAya khilAsAra, senAmunA, vagere mukhya zahera che. rAjadhAnInA zaheramAM nizALa ane davAkhAnu che. | ItihAsaA rAjyanuM nAma tIparA che. ane te trIpurAno apabhraMza che. A nAma udepura AgaLa devaLa che te uparathI paDayuM che. A devaLanAM khaMDese haju sudhI tyAM che. ane te baMgalAmAM pavItra sthaLa che. ahIMnA mahArAjA caMdravaMzanA yayAtInA chokarA ddhajahonA vaMzaja che. A rAjAone paDozanA bIjA rAjAo sAthe mAMhomAMhe bhAre laDAIo thatI. teo zivadharma pALatA hatA ane eka evI kahevata che ke teo dharmane bAne dara varase 1000 mANasane bega ApatA hatA. A pramANe dharmAneka (1407-1439)nA vakhata sudhI cAlyuM. I. sa. nA 19mA saikAmAM TIperAnI hada pazcimamAM sudaravanathI purvamAM dharma sudhI hatI. A sekAmAM tyAMnA rAjA zrIdhanIoe potAnI parezanAM keTalAMka rAjya jItI lIdhAM. I. sa. 151ramAM TIperAnA rAjAe cItAgAMgano mulaka jItI lI. mugaloe baMgALethI rAjAnA mulaka upara lazkara mokalyuM hatuM tene harAvI pAchuM kahAvuM. A pramANe temaNe ghaNAka humalA karyA paNa teone paga 17 mA saikA sudhI tyAM TakI zakyo nahIM. I. sa. 1920 mAM jahAMgIra bAdazAhanA vakhatamAM navAba phate jaMga nAmanA mugalasaradAre hAthI ghoDA meLavavAne TIperA upara caDhAI karI. teNe udepura je te vakhate rAjadhAnInuM zahera hatuM te laI lIdhuM ane rAjAne keda karI dilhI mokalI dIdhe. A vakhate navAbe tene kahyuM ke je tu khaMDaNI Ape to tAruM rAjya pAchuM ApuM; paNa rAjAe nA kabula karyuM. tethI mugaloe te rAjyano kabajo lI. paNa traNa varasanI aMdara temanA lazkaramAM marakI cAlavAthI teo tyAMthI pAchA pharyA. 38

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I. sa. 19rapamAM jyAre kalyANamAneka gAdIe be ke tyAre dilhInA bAdazAhe khaMDaNI mAgI ane baMgALAnA navAbanI mAraphate te levAne prayatna karyo. navAbe pharIthI te mulaka upara caDhAI karI paNa hArIne pAchuM AvavuM paDayuM. paNa vArevAre musalamAnoe humalA karI TIperA laI lIdhuM. teoe phakata nIcANane pradeza kabaje karI lI. paNa parvata uparane mulaka rAjAne tAbe hato. paNa tene navAbane uparI tarIke mAnavo paDato. ane khaMDaNI ApavI paDatI. I. sa. 1765 mAM jyAre sTa iDIyA kuMpanIne baMgALAnI dIvAnI maLI tyAre TIperAno keTalAka mulaka aMgrejonA hAthamAM Avyo. aMgrejoe te mulaka mahArAjA krIzna mANekane sepyo. A vakhatathI dareka gAdIe besanArAne gAdIe besatI veLA aMgreja sarakArane najarANuM ApavuM paDe che. I. sa. 182thI 18ra sudhI purva taraphanA kukI loko te mulaka upara caDhAI karatA ane gAmaDAM bALatA tathA lUTatA ane rahevAzIone kApI nAkhatA. parvata upara zuM banatuM tenI khabara nathI paNa evuM kahevAya che ke te loka rAjAnA mulaka upara humalA karI riyatane ghaNuM pajavatA. I. sa. 185khyA baLavA vakhate baLavAkhoroe tIjorI luNI ane rAjadhAnI agaratAlA upara kuca karI. hAlano rAjA bIjA rAjathI dasamI peDhIe che. evuM kahevAya che ke bIjA rAje I. sa. 1293 mAM gaMgAnI pelI taraphane mulaka jItI lIdho hato. A rAjAo TIperAnA pahADI mulaka upara rAjya kare che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te cAkalAzanAbAdano jamInadAra che. A jAgIra vistAra 588 corasa mAIla jamIna che. ane te ghaNI kImatI che. tenI upaja TIperAnA pahADI mulaka karatAM paNa ghaNI che. A jAgIra tene seMpavAnuM kAraNa phakta e che ke rAjyanA bhAga paDe nahi ane jyAre vArasane mATe takarAra paDe che. tyAre tene cukAdo aMgreja sarakAra kare che. rAjayanA vArasAne mATe evI rIta che ke rAjya rAjA potAnA kuTuMbanA koI paNa mANasane potAnA vArasa tarIke kabula kare ane tene juba rAjAne khitAba Ape che. ane juba rAjAnA vArasane mATe koIne TharAve tene baDA ThAkorano khitAba Ape che. rAjAnA maraNa vakhate jubarAja rAjA thAya che. ane baDA ThAkara jubarAja thAya che. paNa jyAre AvI goThavaNa thaI hatI nathI tyAre meTo chokaro gAdIno vArasa thAya che.

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A rAjya svataMtra che. rAjAnuM veNa e rAjya kAyado che. rAjyanA dareka nAnA moTA kAmamAM rAjAno mata levuM paDe che. amaladArane pagAra nAmano che. ane temAMnA keTalAka rAjA sAthe lagna saMbaMdhathI joDAelA che. keTalIka jagAo vaMza paraMpanI che paNa te rAjAnI maMjurI sivAya kabula sakhI zakAya nahi. I. sa. 1871mAM eka aMgrejI amaladArane tyAM polITIkala ejaMTa nImavAmAM Avyo paNa te kazA kAmano nathI ema dhArI te jage. I. sa. 1878mAM kADhI nAkhavAmAM AvI ane temanI jagAe TIperAnA mAjIsTreTane ekSa ephIsIo polITIkala ejaMTa nImyo. ane baMgALAnA dezI yuTImAjIsTreTane agastAlamAM AsisTaMTa polITIkala nImyo. teNe rAjyamAM ghaNA sudhArA karyA. TIpesanA sajA ane aMgreja sAthe salAha thaI nathI paNa rAjA gAdIe besatI vakhate najarANuM Ape che. hIjhanesa mahArAjA vIra cAMda mANeka hAlanA mahArAjA che. temane dIvAnI phojadArImAM kula sattA che. ane 13 temanuM mAna maLe che temanI umara hAla 53 varasanI che. maNIpura baMgALAmAM IsAna koNa tarapha eka dezI rAjya che ne tenA rAjA mahArAjAnI paddhithI oLakhAya che. sImA-maNipuranI uttare nAgAne pahADI mulaka, pazcima kaccharano mulaka, ane pUrve brahmAno upalo bhAga che. A rAjyano vistAra 8000 corasa mAIla jamInano che. ane temAM 954 gAma che. vastI Azare 21000 mANasanI che. temAM Azare eka lAkha trIsa hajAra hiMdu. 5000 muzalamAnane 85000 mANasa parvata para rahenAra che. barSika upaja sumAre 60000 (sATha hajAra) rUpI AnI thAya che. dezanuM svarU5-mulaka jhADI ane DugarothI bharelo che. mulAkanI aMdara eka khINa che. teno vistAra 250 corasa mAIla che. A khINanI aMdara logaThAka nAmanuM sarovara che. A sarovaranI dakSiNa taraka

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(308) ' nI jamIna kheDANamAM AvatI nathI ane temAM ghAza puSkaLa uge che. A sarovaranI uttara ane pUrva tarapha keTalAMka gAma vaselAM che. ane tyAMthI uttara tarapha ghaNeka ri parvatamAM maNIpura rAjadhAnInuM zahera che. A taraphano bhAga rasALa che ahIM keTalIka nadIo uttara taraphathI AvIne lAgAka sarovarane maLe che. jemAMnI mukhya charI, makara, ane barAka che. janAvara-hAthI, vAgha, cIrA, rIMcha, rAnI bIlADI, vAMdarAM vigere che. khanIja padArtha-loDhAnA gucchA jaDe che. ahIM mIThuM karavAnA pANImAMthI banAvAmAM Ave che. ItihAsa I. sa. 114mAM mahIbA nAmano eka mANasa maNipurano rAjA thayo. teNe hiMdudharma pALI potAnuM nAma ghArIbanavAjha pADavuM. ghArIbanavAjhe brahmadezamAM keTalAka humalA karyA paNa temAM tenuM kAMI phAvyuM nahi. tenA maraNa pachI brahmadezanA lokoe maNipura upara hala karyo. AthI maNipuranA rAjA jaIsIMge igrejonI madada mAgI tethI I. sa. 176ramAM temanI vacce salAha thaI. - I. sa. 1824 mAM jyAre brahmadeza sAthe laTAI thaI tyAre tyAMnA lokoe kacchAra, AsAma, ane maNipura upara humalo karyo. A vakhate maNipuranA rAjA gaMbhIrasiMge IgrejonI madada mAgI ane temanI madadathI brahmadezanA lekane harAvI hAMkI kahADyA. AthI maNIpuranA rAjane kunI khINa maLI. I. sa. 1826mAM brahmadeza sAthe salAha thaI ane tethI maNipura svataMtra thayuM. gaMbhIrasIMga I. sa. 1834 mAM maraNa pAmyo te vakhate tene kuMvara je hAlane rAjA che. te phakata 1 varasane hato. tethI tenA kAkA ane ghArIbanavAjhanA paratra nArasIMgane rITa banAvAmAM Avyo. I. sa. 1834mAM aMgreja sarakAre ema TharAvyuM ke konI khINa brahmadezanA rAjAne pAchI seMpavI. A khINa rAjAe tene pAchI ApI ne tenA badalAmAM tene dara varase rU300 Igreje ApavA kabula karyuM I. sa. 1844 mAM nArasIMhane mArI nAMkhavAno koIe prayatna karyo paNa temAM te niSphaLa thayo. AmAM rAjAnI mArI che ema mAlama paDavAthI te potAnA chokarAne laI kacchAra jatI rahI. nArasIMge potAnuM

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(309) rAjya hAthamAM lIdhuM. te I.sa. 1850 mAM marI gayo, tyAM sudhI tenA hAthamAM rahyuM. i. sa. 1935mAM IMgrejasarakAre mmA rAjya mAM eka polITIkAla eMja Ta nImyo, nArasIMganA maraNu pachI tenA bhAI dIkhendrasIMgane IMgreje rAjA tarIke kabula karyo. traNa mahinA pachI cadrakIrtImaMge maNipura upara humalo kayA tethI dIkendrasIMga kacchAra jato rahyo cadrakIratIsaMgano amala maNIpuramAM jAmavAthI I. sa. 1851 mAM IMgreje tene maNipuranA rAjA tarIke kabula karyo. I. sa. 1879nI nAgAranI laDhAimAM maNipuranA saradAre IMgrejane sArI madada karI hatI. khAnA badalAmAM mahArAjA caMdrakIratIsIMgane 4grejasarakAre jI. sI. esa. AI. no khitAba mApyo. I. sa. 1945 nI brahmadeza sAthenI laDhAimAM paNa mahArAjAe iMgrejane madada karI hatI. mA rAjyanA lazkaramAM 4359 pAyadaLa, 501 gola'dAja, 400 ghoDesvAra, ane 700 regyulara pAyadaLa che, mahArAjAne 11 toponuM mAna maLe che. maNipuramAM eka nizALa che. smA sivAya posTahAphIsa te davAkhAnuM che. Lisa samApta Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat I www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(31) A graMthane agAuthI Azraya ApanAra saradAro tathA sadagRhasthanAM nAma. prata. nAma. gAma. ra. manarajI dAdAbhAI bhAbhA. jAmanagara, nAmadAra alI jAha navAbasAheba. junAgaDha, mahAmahopAdhyAya kavirAja zyAmaladAsa membara sTeTa kAunsIla mevADa. udepura (mevADa.) mahArAvalazrI motIsiMhajI. TAudepura. mahArANAzrI saravakhatasiMhajI. luNAvADA subA phatehaalI khAnajIbAbI. rAdhanapura. kumArathI umedasiMhajI phatehasiMhajI lIMbaDI. nAmadAra sarasavaMta siMhajI. ke. sI. AI. I. lIMbaDI. rAola zrI harIsiMhajI rUpasiMhajI. valAdarabAra. ahamada IbharAhIma mahatara. raMguna. berAmajI kaMvara cha dAtIvALA. AnaMdarAva gaNapatarAva majamuMdAra. damaNa. rA. saMkaracaMda lalubhAI vi. galakulanA A. mAstara. mANasAjasavaMtasiMhajI khetAbhAI ThAkora sAheba. mANupurarANAzrI dhirAjajI jAgIradAra. palAsvA. 5najI nathu bhAvasAra kArabhArI vakIla jAdavajI hAla jI. hAlaraprAMta, bhupatarAya, vAsaNa, N. P. V. khaMbhAta, Ajama prathIrAjajI akherAjajI tAlukadAra, tharA. paTavArI gIradharalAla viThaladAsa menejara, mANasa mahArAola zrI pratApasiMhajI mahArAjA sAheba, vAMsadA. dhAra

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bharUca. 1 1 (311) mahArAolathI IMdrasiMhajI Arogya pratApasiMhajI pATavI kuMvarasAheba. vAMsadA. bhAI jamasedajI mANekajI karANI. bhajagAma. bAbIkhAnazrI sahAmatakhAna che. gIdaDa, 2. nayu pItAMbara kArabhArI. dezAI kalyANarAe cha hakumatarAya cha InAmadAra. dezAI prANavalabhadAsa AtmArAma. hAMsoTa. phatehajaMga khAnajI bahAdurabAnI. rAdhanapura. adhakArI ratanalAla cunIkaraNadAsa. mubAI, sekreTarI kezavalAla lAyabrerI pALIAda, pALI khAda, rA. phatehacaMda rAmacaMda kAmadAra. mANasA. neka nAmadAra ThAkora zrI surasiMhajI dAjIrAja che. utelIA vahe gulAbasiMkara kalyANajI. junAgaDha. dhanajIzAha lAyabrerInA sekreTarI. bAMTavA. mahArAolo dIpasiMhajI sIvasiMha che. mAlapuradarabAra sAheba khAcarazrI AlAyelA. jasadaNa. rAvabahAdura vRjalAla purUSotama rAyajI dIvAna epha dharamapura. dharamapura. mirajI jamasedajI vajIphadAra. mubAI. nekanAmadAra ThAkarathI mAnasiMhajI pratApasiMha che. 2pAla. mohanalAla harajIvanadAsa kAmadAra. pATaDI. mI. hImajI khImacaMda. baMdaramAmAsa. vajezaMkara vi gavarIzaMkara, nANAprakaraNI sabhAsada. bhAvanagara ThAkora zrI chatrasiMha jI. chALIe. 1

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