Upasakdashanga aur uska Shravakachar

Author(s): Subhash Kothari
Publisher: Agam Ahimsa Samta Evam Prakrit Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002128/1

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mAgama saMsthAna granyamAlA : 2 sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina samiyAe dhamme panvaiye upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra (eka parizIlana) DA. subhASa koThArI samvatthesu samaM care savvaM jagaMta samayANapehI piyamappiyaM kassa vinokarejjA sammattadaMsI na kareDa pAva sammatta viti sayA amUde samiyAja mani hoDa Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura mause only Jesucation International

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Agama saMsthAna granthamAlA - 2 upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra ( eka parizIlana ) DaoN0 subhASa koThArI ema0 e0 saMskRta, prAkRta, pI-eca0 DI0 zodha-adhikArI Agama-ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura samiyAra dhamme saMpAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina F 'samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna Agama- ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura

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prakAzaka : Agama- ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna padminI mArga udayapura (rAja0) 313001 saMskaraNa: prathama 1988 mUlya : 65.00 UPASAKADASANGA AURA USAKA SRAVAKACARA (EKA PARISILANA) By Dr. Subhash Kothari Edition: First 1988 Price: Rs. 65.00 mudraka : ratnA priMTiMga vakrsa vArANasI

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prakAzakIya Agama-ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura, ( rAjasthAna) ke dvArA 'upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra' nAmaka pustaka prakAzita karate hue hameM atyanta prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai / upAsakadazAMga zrAvaka - AcAra ko pratipAdita karane vAlA eka prAcIna Agama grantha mAnA jAtA hai / saMsthAna ke zodhAdhikArI DaoN0 subhASa koThArI ne isakA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kara zodha-prabandha likhA, jisa para inheM 1985 meM sukhADiyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gayo thI / isa zodha prabandha ke parIkSaka DaoN0 mohanalAla jI mehatA evaM DaoN0 gokula canda jI jaina kI anuzaMsAnusAra ise sampAdita karake prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / upAsakadazAMga, zrAvakAcAra kA prAcInatama evaM prathama grantha hai / DaoN0 koThArI ne isakA zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke zrAvaka- AcAra ko pratipAdita karane vAle granthoM ke prakAza meM tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai, jisake kAraNa yaha kRti mahattvapUrNa ho gayI hai / saMsthAna dvArA isa grantha ke prakAzana kA eka uddezya jaina AgamoM para zodha karane vAle yuvA vidvAnoM ko protsAhita karanA hai, hameM AzA hai ki DaoN0 koThArI bhaviSya meM bhI AgamoM ke zodha-paraka adhyayana meM lage raheMge / isa grantha ke prakAzana ke lie hameM AdaraNIya gaNapatarAja jI boharA ke dvArA sAta hajAra rupaye kA anudAna prApta huA hai / saMsthAna unake isa sahayoga ke lie atyanta AbhArI hai / zrImAn gaNapatarAja jI boharA prArambha se hI saMsthAna ke vikAsa hetu prayAsazIla haiM / vartamAna meM saMsthAna ke adhyakSa ke rUpa meM hameM unakI sevAyeM upalabdha haiM / saMsthAna ke prati ApakA sneha hamezA banA rahegA - yahI apekSA hai | w grantha ke sundara aura sattvara mudraNa kA kArya ratnA priMTiMga varksa ne kiyA, etadartha hama unake prati bhI AbhAra vyakta karate haiM / grantha ke prUpha saMzodhana meM azoka kumAra siMha evaM maheza kumAra kA jo sahayoga rahA, usake lie unake bhI AbhArI haiM / saradAramala kAMkariyA mahAmaMtrI phatahalAla hiMgara maMtrI

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prAkkathana jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM zrAvaka dharma kI vizeSa bhUmikA rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-dharma kI pramukha paramparAoM ne zrAvakAcAra para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| upAsakadazAMga zvetAmbara paramparA meM zrAvakAcAra kA AdhArabhUta grantha kahA jA sakatA hai| isa grantha meM tatkAlIna dasa pramukha zrAvakoM ke jIvana ko udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta kara zrAvaka dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha grantha zodha kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai| rUparekhA__ "upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana" nAmaka apane isa zodha grantha kI pRSThabhUmi meM hamane grantha kI vibhinna vizeSatAeM aura bahuvidha sAmagrI ke adhyayana ko dhyAna meM rakhA hai| aba taka upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke yadyapi kaI saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiM kintu sampUrNa grantha kA, samagra rUpa se tulanAtmaka adhyayana abhI taka prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| isalie hamane prastuta grantha meM pratipAdita zrAvakAcAra ke adhyayana ke atirikta grantha kI anya vizeSatAoM para bhI prakAza DAlanA apanA lakSya rakhA hai| dasa zrAvakoM kI jIvana-paddhati aura unake dhArmika anuSThAnoM se tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvana kI jhAMkI dekhane ko milatI hai| jaina dharma meM gRhastha dharma kA mUla rUpa isa grantha se dekhA jA sakatA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra arddhamAgadhI bhASA kA pratinidhi grantha hai, ataH bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI isa grantha kA adhyayana kiyA jAnA Avazyaka thaa| ina saba dRSTiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae maiMne apane zodha-grantha kI rUparekhA ko isa prakAra prastAvita kiyA hai| prathama adhyAya : Agama sAhitya evaM upAsakadazAMga dvitIya adhyAya : upAsakadazAMga kA paricaya tRtIya adhyAya : upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu evaM vizeSatAe~ caturtha adhyAya : upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA svarUpa paMcama adhyAya : zrAvakAcAra SaSTha adhyAya : upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti

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prastutIkaraNa : uparyukta rUparekhA ke anusAra zodha-grantha ke prathama adhyAya Agama sAhitya evaM upAsaka dazAMga meM sarvaprathama Agama zabda kI paramparA aura svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / jaina paramparA meM Agama ke lie zruta, sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApanA Adi aneka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / kintu inameM Agama zabda adhika pracalita hai / prAcIna granthoM se Agama kI vibhinna paribhASAoM ko prastuta kara Agama ke svarUpa ko paribhASita kiyA gayA hai jisase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kevalajJAna ke dhArI tIrthaMkara mahApuruSoM ke prAmANika vacana Agama kahe jAte haiM / ina prAmANika vacanoM kA paramparA ke dvArA surakSApUrvaka jo saMkalana kiyA gayA hai vaha Agama sAhitya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / yahIM para AdhyAtmika, dArzanika, dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika dRSTi se Agama sAhitya ke mahattva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / Agama sAhitya maukhika paramparA se surakSita hotA huA vibhinna vAcanAoM ke dvArA vyavasthita huA hai / vIra nirvANa 980 se 993 meM Ayojita devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna valabhI vAcanA meM arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA / vahI Agama kA svarUpa Aja hameM vibhinna rUpoM meM prApta hai isI adhyAya meM jaina Agama sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa evaM paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isameM bAraha aMga grantha, bAraha upAMga, cAra mUlasUtra, chaH chedasUtra evaM anya prakIrNaka AgamoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / isa adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI ko surakSita rakhane meM athaka zrama kiyA hai| yahI Agama sAhitya jaina dharma aura saMskRti ko jAnane kA mUla AdhAra hai / zodha-grantha ke dvitIya adhyAya meM jaina AcAra ke AdhArabhUta grantha upAsakadazAMgasUtra kA paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa adhyAya meM upAsaka dazAMga kI vibhinna pANDulipiyoM, prakAzita saMskaraNoM evaM isake vyAkhyA sAhitya kA pahalI bAra eka sAtha paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa adhyAya se jJAta hotA hai ki vibhinna saMskaraNa hote hue bhI isa grantha kA samagra rUpa se adhyayana prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA thA, jisakI pUrti prastuta zodha-grantha ke dvArA kI gayI hai /

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( vi ) tRtIya adhyAya meM 'upAsakadazAMga ko viSayavastu evaM vizeSatAe~' pratipAdita kI gayI haiM / isa grantha meM Ananda, kAmadeva, culanIpitA, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuNDakaulika, sakaDAlaputra, mahAzataka, nandinIpitA evaM sAlihipitA ina dasa zrAvakoM ke sAdhanAmaya jIvana kI jhAMkI prastuta kI gayI hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra kI viSayavastu ke mUlyAMkana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki isameM vibhinna vyaktiyoM ke udAtta caritoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / zrAvaka sAmAjika dRSTi se sampanna hote hue bhI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke lie pUrNarUpa se samarpita the / saMsAra meM rahate hue AtmakalyANa ke mArga meM agrasita honA ina zrAvakoM kI vizeSatA thI / isase sAdhaka ko yaha preraNA milatI hai ki vibhinna paristhitiyoM aura saMkaToM ke hote hue bhI Atma sAkSAtkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa adhyAya meM grantha ko sAhityika suSamA ko bhI rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna sAdhakoM kA jo kAvyAtmaka varNana isa grantha meM prApta hai vaha bhAratIya sAhitya kI kAvyamaya bhASA ko samajhane ke lie AdhAra ho sakatA hai| kathA vastu meM tArkika saMvAdoM aura mAnava manovijJAna kA jo samAveza kiyA gayA hai, usakA mUlyAMkana bhI isa adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / zodha grantha ke caturtha adhyAya meM 'upAsakadazAMga kA racanA kAla evaM bhASA svarUpa' kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / vibhinna pramANoM va sAkSyoM se yaha pramANita kiyA gayA hai ki zramaNAcAra ke AcArAMga Adi granthoM ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvakAcAra ke granthoM kA bhI nirmANa huA hogA, jisase upAsakadazAMga kA racanA kAla IsvI pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI se IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke madhya mAnA jAnA cAhie / isI grantha meM upAsakadazAMga kA bhASAtmaka vivecana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / sarvaprathama prAkRta bhASA aura arddhamAgadhI ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kara usakI vizeSatAe~ prastuta kI gayI haiN| usake bAda una vizeSatAoM ko upAsakadazAMga meM khojakara saMdarbha sahita prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isameM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki upAsakadazAMga meM kevala arddhamAgadhI bhASA kA hI prayoga nahIM hai apitu mahArASTrI prAkRta ke bhI kaI rUpa prApta hote haiM / grantha kI bhASA ko spaSTa karane ke lie isa adhyAya meM vibhinna cArToM ke mAdhyama se saMjJA, sarvanAma, dhAturUpa, kRdanta prayoga Adi ke vibhinna zabdoM ko saMdarbha sahita prastuta kiyA gayA hai /

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( vii ) adhyAya pA~ca meM zrAvakAcAra ke antargata pA~ca aNuvratoM, sAta zikSAvratoM evaM gyAraha pratimAoM kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai isameM aNuvrata zabda ke artha, svarUpa evaM vargIkaraNa ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mana aura vacana kI ekatA dvArA satkarma kI ora pravRtta hone ke jo laghu niyama haiM ve hI aNuvrata haiN| vastutaH apUrNa se pUrNatA kI ora jAne kI sAdhanA hI aNuvrata se mahAvrata kI ora jAne kI sAdhanA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM prApta saMdarbho evaM isa grantha kI abhayadevavRtti ko AdhAra mAnakara hI aNuvratoM kA vivecana isa adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne sarvaprathama hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna evaM parigraha ina pA~ca pramukha pApoM ke svarUpa kA varNana kara phira inase virata hone kI bAta kahI hai| isI krama meM ina pA~coM pApoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA bhI jaina sAhitya meM prApta hotI hai| vrata pAlana ke prasaMga meM sAdhaka dvArA kaI taraha se skhalana honA svAbhAvika hai| ataH zrAvaka sAdhanA meM isakA dhyAna rakhate hue pratyeka vrata ke sAtha unake aticAroM kA vivecana bhI jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai / una sabakA vivaraNa isa adhyAya meM tulanAtmaka daSTi se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zrAvakAcAra ke varNana ke prasaMga meM yaha bAta dekhane ko milatI hai ki prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne rAtribhojana kA tyAga karane kA upadeza diyA hai| aticAroM kA jo sUkSma vivecana hai usameM bhI sUkSma se sUkSma hiMsA se bacane kA prayatna jainAcAryoM kA rahA hai| isa taraha zrAvakAcAra gRhastha jIvana ke lie hote hue bhI muni jIvana kA lagha saMskaraNa hI kahA jA sakatA hai| isa adhyAya se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha aNuvrata aura zrAvaka ke mUlaguNa eka ora jahA~ dhArmika siddhAntoM ko ora manuSya kA dhyAna AkRSTa karate haiM vahIM dUsarI ora sAmAjika, rAjanaitika aura Arthika vyavasthA ko bhI naitika rUpa meM saMcAlana karane ke lie inase preraNA prApta hotI hai| vAstava meM jaina zrAvakAcAra sahaastitva aura samAjavAda kI dizA meM kiyA gayA eka vyAvahArika prayatna hai| upAsakadazAMga meM tIna guNavrata va cAra zikSAvratoM ko saMyukta rUpa se zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai / vastutaH aNuvratoM ke vikAsa-krama ko vyavasthita . karane ke lie ina guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM kA vidhAna jaina zrAvakAcAra meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya amRtacandra kA kahanA ThIka hI hai ki jaise parakoTe nagara kI rakSA karate haiM usI prakAra zIlavata (gugavata evaM zikSAtrata)

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( viii ) aNuvratoM kI rakSA karate haiM / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM inako saMyukta rUpa se sAta zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai| ina vratoM ke bheda-prabheda meM kucha krama kA antara pAyA jAtA hai usako eka cArTa ke dvArA isa adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usake bAda guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM ke svarUpa, bheda-prabheda evaM aticAroM kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| ye guNavata va zikSAvrata Adhunika dRSTi se eka Adarza nAgarika meM naitika adhikAroM va kartavyoM kI vivecanA karane vAle vrata haiN| ina vratoM kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana karane se zrAvaka kevala AtmasAkSAtkAra kA adhikArI hI nahIM hotA apitu vaha deza kA Adarza nAgarika bhI bana jAtA hai| prasaMgavaza yahIM para zrAvakAcAra se sambandhita anya vratoM kA bhI mUlyAMkana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / gyAraha pratimAe~ AtmasAdhanA ke mahala para ArUr3ha hone ke lie gyAraha sIr3hiyA~ haiN| hAlAMki upAsakadazAMga meM inakA mAtra saMketa hai parantu TIkAkAra ne inakA vivecana kiyA hai / sAtha hI SaTkarma, SaT-Avazyaka, cAra vizrAma, dasa dharma aura bAraha bhAvanAe~ bhI zrAvaka AcAra meM mAnI jAtI haiM, ina saba kA ullekha prastuta adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| ___SaSTha adhyAya upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti ke vibhinna tathyoM kA mUlyAMkana prastuta karatA hai| isa grantha meM jina dasa zrAvakoM kA varNana hai unameM Arya-anArya, brAhmaNa, kSatriya, gAthApati, kumbhakAra, Adi jAtiyoM ke ullekha prApta haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki cAra varNoM aura cAra jAtiyoM kA jo vibhAjana bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai vaha upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke samaya utanA pracalita nahIM thA / pArivArika jIvana meM saMyukta parivAra ko vizeSa mahattva prApta thaa| parivAra kA mukhiyA hI kuTumba kA saMcAlaka hotA thaa| yadyapi dasa zrAvakoM ke jIvana kA jo varNana hai vaha atyanta samRddhi kA sUcaka hai, kintu samAja meM madhyama aura nimnavarga kA bhI astitva rahA hogA, isako asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| Arthika jIvana kA mukhya AdhAra kRSi va paza-pAlana thA isake bhI vibhinna saMdarbha isa grantha meM upalabdha haiN| vyApAra aura vANijya dvArA bhI Arthika jIvana ko samRddha banAyA jAtA thaa| dezI-videzI donoM prakAra ke vyApAra usa samaya pracalita the| grantha ke varNana se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki logoM kA jIvana samRddhi aura Amoda-pramoda se yukta thA / isa adhyAya ke anta meM dhArmika jIvana aura grantha meM upalabdha bhaugolika sthAnoM kA vivaraNa bhI

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prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / ( AbhAra - isa zodha prabandha ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karane meM vibhinna prAcIna evaM arvAcIna AcAryoM aura lekhakoM ke granthoM se sahayoga liyA gayA hai, ataH una sabakA hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / yaha zodha-prabandha DaoN0 prema sumana jaina, adhyakSa, jenavidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, sukhADiyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura ke nirdezana meM prastuta kiyA gayA thA ataH AdaraNIya jaina sA0 ke prati AbhAra vyakta karanA apanA kartavya samajhatA hU~ / ix ) saMkSepa meM tatkAlIna saMskRti ko spaSTa isa zodha grantha kA prakAzana Agama ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura dvArA ho rahA hai ataH maiM saMsthAna evaM unake padAdhikArIgaNa zrIyut gaNapatarAjajI boharA, saradAramalajI kAMkariyA evaM phatahalAlajI hiMgara kA bhI hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ / saMsthAna ke mAnada nidezaka pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina dvArA prastuta zodhaprabandha ke prakAzana evaM pariSkAra meM mujhe jo amUlya sujhAva aura AtmIyatApUrNa protsAhana milA, usake lie AbhAra vyakta karanA mAtra zAbdika aupacAritA hI hogI, unakA hRdaya se upakRta hU~ / AdaraNIya pro0 kamalacandajI sogAnI, adhyakSa, darzanavibhAga, sukhADiyA vizvavidyAlaya evaM DaoN0 deva koThArI, nidezaka, sAhitya saMsthAna ne mujhe jo dizA-nirdeza aura sakriya sahayoga diyA hai, usake lie unake prati AbhAra vyakta karanA maiM apanA dAyitva samajhatA hU~ / 16 disambara 1988 19, bApanA sTrITa udayapura - 313001 prastuta kRti kA lekhana kArya merI jyeSTha bhaginI ( samprati-sAdhvI) pUjyA rAjazrI jI kI preraNA kA phala hai / isameM pUjya pitAzrI jIvanasiMha jI koThArI, mAtuzrI sItAdevI kA AzIrvAda evaM bhAI zrI dineza, hemanta, vinoda, bahina padminI evaM dharmapatnI rAjakumArI kA AtmIyatApUrNaM sahayoga rahA hai, ataH prakAzana kI isa belA meM unakA smaraNa ho AnA svAbhAvika hai / DaoNo subhASa koThArI zodha adhikArI Agama-ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura

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viSayAnukramaNikA prathama adhyAya : Agama sAhitya evaM upAsakadazAMga 1-20 Agama zabda kA artha, paryAyavAcI zabda, Agama kI paribhASAe~ bAgama sAhitya kA mahattva-AdhyAtmika mUlya, dArzanika dRSTi, dhArmika vivecana, sAMskRtika va sAmAjika sAmagrI, bhaugolika vivaraNa, kalAtmakadRSTi AgamoM kI maukhika paramparA, AgamoM kA vicchedakrama, Agama vAcanAe~, Agama lekhana-paramparA AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa-zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra, digambara paramparAnusAra dvitIya adhyAya : upAsakadazAMga kA paricaya 21-27 upAsakadazAMga ko pANDulipiyA~ evaM paricaya upAsakadazAMga ke prakAzita saMskaraNa upAsakadazAMga kA vyAkhyA-sAhitya tRtIya adhyAya : upAsakavazAMga ko viSaya-vastu evaM vizeSatAe~ 28-50 viSaya-vastu-Ananda zrAvaka, kAmadeva zrAvaka, culanopitA zrAvaka, surAdeva zrAvaka, cullazataka zrAvaka, kuNDakolika zrAvaka, sakaDAlaputra zrAvaka, mahAzataka zrAvaka, nandinIpitA zrAvaka, sAlihipitA zrAvaka / viSaya-vastu kI vizeSatAe~-cAritroM kI utthApanA evaM vikAsa, parivAra meM rahakara Atma-kalyANa, sAhityika svarUpa, tArkika saMvAdoM kA prayoga, mAnavamanovijJAna kA samAveza

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caturtha adhyAya : upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA-vizleSaNa 51-69 upAsakavAMga sUtra kA racanA kAla bharddhamAgadhI evaM upAsakadazAMga kI bhASA kA svarUpa prAkRta zabda kI vyutpatti, prAkRta ke bheda, arddhamAgadhI kA svarUpa, arddhamAgadhI kI bhASAtmaka vizeSatAe~, upAsakadazAMga meM ullikhita vizeSatAeMvarNa-parivartana sambandhI vizeSatAe~-zabda-rUpoM kI vizeSatAe~, karmaNIprayoga, kRdanta prayoga, saMdhi, vicAra, samAsapada paMcama adhyAya : zrAvakAcAra 70-194 aNuvrata zabda kA artha, svarUpa evaM vargIkaraNa (a) vibhinna aNuvrata evaM aticAra 70-120 (1) ahiMsANuvrata, aSTamUlaguNa, aticAra (2) satyANuvrata, aticAra (3) asteya aNuvrata, aticAra (4) brahmacarya aNuvrata, aticAra (5) aparigraha aNuvrata, aticAra rAtri-bhojana (ba) vibhinna guNavata va aticAra 121-148 (1) digvata, aticAra (2) upabhogaparibhogaparimANavata, aticAra, pandraha karmAdAna (3) anarthadaNDaviramaNa vrata, aticAra (sa) vibhinna zikSAvrata va aticAra 149-173 (1) sAmAyika vrata, aticAra (2) dezAvakAzikavata, aticAra (3) pauSadhopavAsa vrata, aticAra (4) atithisaMvibhAga vrata, aticAra saMllekhanA, aticAra

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( xil ) (ba) gyAraha pratimAeM 174-194 darzana pratimA, vrata pratimA, sAmAyika pratimA, pauSadha pratimA, niyama pratimA, brahmacarya pratimA, sacitta-syAga pratimA, Arambha-tyAga pratimA, preSyaparityAga pratimA, uddiSTabhatta tyAga pratimA, zramaNabhUta prtimaa| adhyAya SaSTha : upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 195-223 sAmAjika jIvana-varNa va jAti, pArivArika jIvana-pramukha sadasya, patnI, bahupatnI-prathA, daheja-prathA, sautiyADAha, putra, putrI, mitra va svajana, zAsana-vyavasthA, nyAyavyavasthA-aparAdha, yuddha se surakSA, zastra, kalA va vijJAna-lekhana, arddhamAgadhI bhASA, bartana, zilpa Arthika jIvana :utpAdana-khetI, khetI kI phasala, udyAna, pazupAlana, vRkSa, anya vyApAra, puSpamAlAeM, sugaMdhita dravya, anya pezevara vyakti, pUjI vibhAjana-vetana va majadUrI, lAbha, yAna va vAhana vinimaya-mudrA, udhAra, lena-dena meM chala upabhoga-khAdya padArtha, madirApAna, mAMsa-bhakSaNa, vastra, AbhU SaNa, Amoda-pramoda dhArmika jIvana-zramaNasaMgha, AhAra-vihAra va Azraya sthala, dharma va vratapAlana meM upasarga, anya dhArmika mata aitihAsika va bhaugolika vivaraNa-nagara-caMpA, vANijya grAma, vArANasI, AlabhiyA, kAmpilyapura, polAsapura, rAjagRha zrAvastI, mallaki va licchivi upanagara, caitya yA udyAna, nagaroM kI basAvaTa va suvidhA aitihAsika puruSa-mahAvIra, gozAlaka, jitazatru, zreNika, indrabhUti gautama pariziSTa-pAribhASika zabda 224-230 sandarbha grantha-sUcI 231.243

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga prathama adhyAya Agama zabda kA artha, paryAya evaM paribhASA dhArmika AsthA aura dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM usake maulika evaM AdhArabhUta vAGmaya kA viziSTa mahattva hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vizva ke pratyeka dharma ke apane pavitra grantha haiM, jinameM usa dharma ke mUla siddhAnta, Adarza aura upadeza sannihita haiM / vaidika paramparA meM 'veda', bauddhoM meM 'tripiTaka', IsAiyoM meM 'bAIbila', pArasiyoM meM 'avestA' aura muslimoM meM 'kurAnazarIfa' aise hI pavitra aura pUjya dharma-grantha haiM / isI krama meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke dharma-granthoM ko 'Agama' kahA jAtA hai / jaina dharma ke antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI inhIM Agama granthoM meM Aja bhI surakSita hai / (a) Agama zabda kA artha Agama zabda 'A' upasarga evaM 'gam' dhAtu se nirmita huA hai, jisameM 'A' kA artha, pUrNa aura 'gama' kA artha gati yA prApti hai / AcArAMga meM Agama zabda jAnane ke artha meM prayukta huA hai / ' bhagavatIsUtra, anuyogadvArasUtra va sthAnAMgasUtra meM 'Agama' zabda zAstra ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai / 2 pAia -saha- mahaNNavo meM Agama kA artha, zAstra yA siddhAnta ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / 4 1. ka- " AgamettA ANavejjA" - AcArAMgasUtra, 12 / 5 / 4 kha- "lAghavaM AgamamANe " - AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 6 / 3 2. bhagavatIsUtra, 5/3/192 3. sthAnAMgasUtra, 338 4. pAiasaddama haNNavo - ( saM0 ) seTha, paM0 haragovindadAsa, pR0 11

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upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana (ba) paryAyavAcI zabda - jaina - paramparA ke prAcInatama granthoM ko sAmAnyatayA Agama kahA jAtA hai, parantu atItakAla meM ye grantha 'zruta' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha rahe haiM / 3 sthAnAMgasUtra meM Agama-jJAtAoM ko 'zrutakevalI' va 'zrutasthavira' kahA gayA hai / " nandIsUtra meM AgamoM ke lie spaSTataH 'zruta' zabda kA ullekha huA hai / anuyogadvArasUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM Agama ko sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApanA Adi zabdoM se sUcita kiyA gayA hai / AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya meM zruta, Aptavacana, Agama, upadeza, aitihya, AmnAya, pravacana evaM jinavacana Adi ko Agama kahA hai / " isa taraha 'Agama' zabda ke vibhinna paryAyavAcI zabda pracalita rahe haiM / (sa) Agama paribhASA - vibhinna granthakAroM, vidvAnoM va AcAryoM ne AgamoM kI aneka paribhASAeM dI haiM, jinako sampUrNa rUpa se vyakta karanA yahA~ zakya nahIM hai, phira bhI Agama ko nimna paribhASAe~ draSTavya haiM -: 1. Apta kA kathana Agama hai / yaha paribhASA aneka granthoM meM prApta hotI hai| 2. AcArya bhadrabAhu ne Avazyaka niryukti meM kahA hai ki tapa, niyama, 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, sUtra 150 2. nandIsUtra - ( saM0 ) muni madhukara, sUtra 72 3. " suyasutta grantha siddhaMtapavayaNe ANavayaNa ubaese paNNavaNa Agame yA egaTThA pajjavAsutte"-anuyogadvArasUtra, 4 4. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 8/97 5. " sUtra- zrutaM matipUrvadvayaneka- dvAdazabhedam " - tattvArthabhASya, 1/20 6. ka. " sarvajJa praNItopadeze " - AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 6 / 4 kha. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 193, ga. niyamasAra, 8 gha. nandIsUtra, 40-41 Ga. pramANanayatattvAloka, 4/1 ca. ratnakaraNDakaTIkA, 4 cha. " AptopadezaH zabdaH " - nyAyasUtra, 1 / 1/7 ja. Avazyaka ( vRtti ) malayagirI, patra 48

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3. Avazyakaniryukti va dhavalA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkara kevala artharUpa kA upadeza dete haiM aura gaNadhara use granthabaddha yA sUtrabaddha karate haiM / 4. Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga jJAna-rUpa-vRkSa ke Upara ArUr3ha hokara anantajJAnI, kevalI bhagavAn bhavya AtmAoM ke pratibodha ke liye jJAnakusumoM kI vRSTi karate haiM, gaNadhara apane buddhi paTa para una sakala kusumoM ko jhelakara pravacanamAlA gaMdhate haiM, vahI Agama hai / 7. 8. gaNadhara ke samAna hI anya pratyeka buddhoM dvArA nirUpita Agama bhI pramANa rUpa hote haiM / Aptavacana Agama mAnA jAtA hai, upacAra se Aptavacana se utpanna artha- jJAna ko bhI Agama kahA gayA hai / 4 6. jisase padArthoM kA paripUrNatA ke sAtha maryAdita jJAna prApta ho, vaha Agama kahA gayA hai | " jisase vastu tattva kA paripUrNa jJAna ho, vaha Agama kahA gayA hai / " jisase padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai / " 1. " tava niyama nANa rukkhaM - tao pavayaNaTTA" - AvazyakavRtti, gAthA 89-90 2. ka. "atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM ganthanti gaNaharA NiuNaM / sAsaNasa hiTTAe tao suttaM pavattai // - Avazyaka niryukti, gAthA 192 kha. dhavalATIkA, bhAga 1, pR0 64 va 72 3. " suttaM gaNaharakathidaM taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM ca / sudavaNA kathidaM abhiNNa dasapuvvakathidaM ca // - mUlAcAra, 5/80 4. " AptavacanAdAvirbhUtamartha saMvedanamAgamaH / upacArAdAptavacanaM ca / " - syAdvAdamaMjarITIkA, zloka 38 5. " A - abhividhinA sakalazrutaviSayavyApti rUpeNa, maryAdayA vA yathAvasthita prarUpaNA rUpayA gamyante paricchidyante arthAH yena saH AgamaH " // - Avazyaka ( vRtti ) malayagiri - ratnAkarAvatArikAvRtti - ratnAkarAvatArikAvRtti 6. "AsamantAd gamyate vastutatvamanenetyAgamaH " 7. "Agamyante maryAdayA'vabuddhayante'rthAH anenetyAgamaH

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upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana jo tattva AcAra-paramparA se vAsita hokara AtA hai, vaha Agama kahA jAtA hai / " 10. jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna prApta hotA hai, vaha zAstra, Agama yA zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai / " ex 11. karmoM ke kSaya ho jAne se jinakA jJAna sarvathA nirmala evaM zuddha ho gayA ho, aise Apta puruSoM dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoM kA saMkalana Agama hai | isa prakAra uparyukta paribhASAoM se spaSTa hai ki vItarAga tIrthaMkara evaM sarvajJa mahApuruSoM ke prAmANika vacana yA unake kathanoM ke AdhAra para viziSTa jJAnI ( pUrvadhara) AcAryoM ke grantha Agama rUpa meM svIkRta kiye gaye haiM / Agama sAhitya kA mahatva jaina Agama sAhitya bhAratIya jJAna kA koza hai / sAmAnyatayA yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA sAkSAt upadeza mAnA jAtA hai / yaha jitanA vistRta evaM sarala hai, utanI hI usameM cintana kI gambhIratA tathA dArzanikatA bharI huI hai| jainAgamoM meM mUlataH sAMsArika bhogoM se citta kI vRttiyoM ko haTAkara, tyAga evaM vairAgya ke dvArA mukti ko prApta karane kA sandeza hai| jaina AgamoM ke pratipAdakoM ne kevala upadeza hI nahIM diye varan pahale apane jIvana ko tyAga va vairAgya ke mAdhyama se zuddha kiyA aura tatpazcAt 'sarvajana sukhAya' upadeza diyA yathA : - "savvajagajIvarakkhaNadayaTTyAe pAvayaNaM bhagavayA sukahiyaM" arthAt unhoMne sabhI jIvoM kI rakSA rUpa dayA ke lie pravacana diye / 4 1. " AgacchatyAcAryaparamparayA vAsanAdvAreNetyAgamaH". - siddhaseNagaNi kRta bhASyAnusAriNITIkA, pR0 87 2. "sAsijjai jeNa tayaM satyaM taM vA visesiyaM nANaM / Agama eva ya satyaM Agama satyaM tu suyanANaM // - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 559 3. " AptavacanAdAvibhU tamarthaM saMvedanamAgamaH " - pramANaNayatatvAloka 4/1, 2 4. zAstrI, devendra muni jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 4

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga Agama sAhitya itanA vipula va samRddha hai ki usameM dArzanika cintana ke sAtha sAtha zramaNoM evaM zrAvakoM ke AcAra-vicAra, vrata-saMyama, tyAgatapasyA, upavAsa-prAyazcitta Adi ke upadezoM ke sAtha inheM spaSTa karanevAlI loka pracalita kathAoM va daSTAntoM ke varNana bhI bhare par3e haiN| isake alAvA unase mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke janma, tapazcaryA, tyAga, saMyama, saMnyAsa jIvana va unake upadeza, vihAra-caryA, ziSya-paramparA, tathA Arya kSetra kI sImA, tatkAlika rAjA, rAjakumAra, anya matAvalambI Adi kI jAnakArI bhI prApta hotI hai| kalAoM kI dRSTi se vAstukalA, zilpakalA, jyotiSa-vidyA, bhUgola, khagola, saMgIta, nATya, prANivijJAna, vanaspativijJAna Adi vibhinna vidyAoM se jaina-Agama sAhitya paryApta rUpa se samRddha hai| isa taraha AgamoM kI vizada aura vyApaka sAmagrI kA gaharAI se adhyayana kiyA jAya to isake mahattva kA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| sthUla rUpa se isakI upayogitA ko nimna vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai : (1) AdhyAtmika mUlya-jaina AgamoM kA mala uddezya hI AdhyAtmika zAMti prApta karanA rahA hai| inameM sAmAnya jana-jIvana ke lie Atma sAdhanA kA saralatama mArga prastuta hai| "DaoN0 harmana jekobI, DaoN. zubiMga Adi bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karate haiM ki jainAgamoM meM darzana evaM jIvana, AcAra evaM vicAra, bhAvanA evaM kartavya kA jaisA samanvaya hai, vaisA anya sAhitya meM nahIM hai|'' isI kAraNa jainAgamoM ne ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, anekAnta ko pracArita kiyA hai| 2) dArzanika dRSTi-jainAgamoM meM sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, bhagavatI, samavAyAMga, prajJApanA, rAjapraznIya evaM nandI sUtra aise Agama grantha haiM, jinameM dArzanika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM paramatA valambiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kara svamata kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| usameM jagat kI utpatti IzvarIya na hokara anAdi ananta hai, isa siddhAnta ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM AtmA, pudgala jJAna ke prakAra, naya Adi kA vivecana hai| 1. zAstrI, devendra muni-jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 4

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana (3) dhArmika-vivecana-AgamoM kA pramukha uddezya dhArmikatA kA pratipAdana rahA hai| inameM sAdhuoM' evaM zrAvakoM ke AcAra-vicAra,2 sAdhuoM ke prakAra aura vibhinna dharmoM evaM unake mata-matAntaroM kA ullekha AyA hai| (4) sAMskRtika va sAmAjika sAmagrI-jaina AgamoM meM IsvI pU0 5vI zatI se IsA kI 5 vI zatI taka ke rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna, kuTumbaparivAra, zikSA evaM vidyAbhyAsa, rIti-rivAja Adi ke bAre meM mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| (5) bhaugolika vivaraNa-jainAgamoM se bhaugolika sthiti ke bAre meM bhI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| bhArata va anya sImAvartI pradezoM ke bAre meM jJAna hotA hai / jaina zramaNa pUrva meM aMga, magadha, dakSiNa meM kozAmbI, uttara meM uttara kauzala sImAoM meM vihAra karate the| bRhatkalpabhASya meM 253 Arya kSetra kA varNana prApta hotA hai| (6) kalAtmaka dRSTi-jaina AgamoM meM 72 kalAoM kA vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai|'' isake atirikta citrakalA, mUrtikalA, saMgItakalA, sthApatya, Adi ke sambandha meM vividha varNana Agama sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai|" isa taraha jaina AgamoM meM AdhyAtma aura vairAgya ke upadezoM ke sAthasAtha sAmAnya mAnava ke kriyAkalApoM SaDAvazyaka, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, tapa,, 1. AcArAMgasUtra, prathama zru taskandha / 2. uvAsagadasAo-(saM0 ) muni madhukara,-prathama adhyAya 3. yAcArAMgacUNi, 2/1 4. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-(saM0 ) muni madhukara, 1/12/1 5. bRhatkalpabhASya, 4/5147 6. uttarAdhyayanaTIkA, 4, pRSTha 83 7. kalpasUtraTIkA, 4, pRSTha 90 8. bRhatkalpasUtra, 1/50 9. bRhatkalpabhASya, 1/3275-89 10. ka. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1, pRSTha 21; kha. samavAyAMga, pRSTha 77 Adi 11. jaina, jagadIzacandra, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 300

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga tyAga kA upadeza sannihita haiM / ina dhArmika upadezoM ke alAvA bhI darzana, nIti, saMskRti, sabhyatA, bhUgola, khanija, gaNita, itihAsa, Ayurveda, nATaka Adi jIvana ke hara pahalU ko chUne vAle prasaMga Agama sAhitya meM prabhUta parimANa meM mila jAte haiM / AgamoM kI maukhika paramparA, viccheda-krama, vAcanAe~ evaM lekhana paramparA (ka) AgamoM kI maukhika paramparA Aja se 2500 varSa va usase bhI pahale se jijJAsujana apane-apane dharma - zAstroM ko vinaya va AdarapUrvaka apane guruoM se zravaNa karate the aura isa prakAra zravaNa kiye gaye zAstroM ko kaNThAgra karate evaM una pAThoM ko svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama se smaraNa rakhate the / dharmazAstroM kI bhASA kA uccAraNa zuddha ho, isakA pUrA-pUrA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA / kahIM mAtrA, anusvAra, visarga vyarthaM praviSTha nahIM ho tathA na unakA lopa ho, isakA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA / 7 jaina - paramparA meM sUtroM kI pada saMkhyA kA khAsa vidhAna thaa| sUtroM kA uccAraNa kisa prakAra kiyA jAya va uccAraNa karate samaya kina-kina doSoM se dUra rahanA cAhie, isakI bhI pUrI-pUrI jAnakArI rakhI jAtI thI / isa prakAra vizuddha rIti se saMcita zruta-sAhitya ko guru apane ziSyoM ko sauMpate va ziSya punaH usa jJAna ko apane praziSyoM ko sauMpate the / isa taraha yaha dharmazAstra smRti dvArA hI surakSita rakhe jAte the / vartamAna meM ina zAstroM ke lie zruta, smRti va zruti Adi zabdoM kA ullekha isakA jvalaMta pramANa hai / jaise brAhmaNa-paramparA meM pUrva ke zAstroM ko zruti va usake bAda ke zAstroM ko smRti kahA jAtA hai, vaise hI zramaNa paramparA meM mukhya prAcIna zAstroM ko 'zruta' kahA jAtA hai / AcArAMga ke 'suyaM me' zabda se spaSTa hai ki ye zAstra sune hue haiM aura sunate-sunate calate Aye haiM / ' (kha) maukhika - paramparA hI kyoM ? prasiddha purAtatvajJa aura lipizAstrI mahAmahopAdhyAya gaurIzaMkara hIrA 1. AcArAMgasUtra - ( saM0 ) muni madhukara, sUtra 1 / 1

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upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana canda ojhA kA mata hai ki tAr3apatra, kAgaja, syAhI, lekhano Adi kA paricaya va prayoga hamAre pUrvajoM ko prAcIna kAla se hI jJAta thA / " jaina zAstroM ko likhane kA sAmarthya bhI jainAcAryoM meM thA, phira bhI smaraNa rakhane kA mAnasika bhAra kyoM uThAyA gayA ? isake uttara meM yahI kahA jAtA hai ki isa lekhana bhAra ko na uThAne meM jaina sAdhuoM kI AcAracaryA va sAdhanA bAdhaka rahI hai / vizeSa rUpa se nimna pahalU draSTavya haiM : 8 1. ahiMsA kA pAlana - jaina sAdhaka mana, vacana, kAya dvArA hiMsA na karane, na karavAne va anumodana na karane kI pratijJA karate haiM / AcArAMga Adi sAdhucaryA ke mUla granthoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki sAdhu aisI vastu svIkAra nahIM karatA jisameM tanika bhI hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA hotI ho / 2. parigraha kI saMbhAvanA - jaina sAdhaka ke hiMsA evaM parigraha kI saMbhAvanA hone se nirvANa meM bAdhAe~ upasthita hotI hai isa kAraNa lekhana kI upekSA kI / bRhatkalpasUtra meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki pustaka rakhane se prAyazcitta AtA hai / 3. Antarika tapa - pustakoM ke rahane se zramaNa dharmavacanoM kA svAdhyAya kArya nahIM karate / dharmavacanoM ko kaMThastha kara unakA bAra-bAra svAdhyAya eka tapa hai, pustaka rakhane se yaha tapa manda par3ane laga jAtA hai aura sAdhaka zuddha-azuddha bolakara eka aupacArikatA mAtra pUrA karane laga jAtA hai, ataH yaha ucita nahIM mAnA gayA / (ga) AgamoM kA viccheda-krama d mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt zramaNoM ke kriyA-kalApoM meM AcAravicAroM meM niSkriyatA Ane lagI / jaina dharma sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita hokara acelaka va sacelaka paramparAoM meM baTa gayA / zramaNa aparigraha ko chor3a kara parigraha dhAraNa karane lage / bIca-bIca meM prakRti ke prakopa ke kAraNa bhI dharmazAstroM kA yathAvat svAdhyAya karanA kaThina hotA gayA / isa kAraNa Agama- viccheda kA krama zurU huA / isa Agama-viccheda ke bAre meM do mata pracalita haiM / prathama ke anusAra zrutadhAraka hI lupta hone lage / 1. ojhA, gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda - bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, pRSTha 1 - 16 2. dozI, becaradAsa - jaina sAhitya kA vRhat itihAsa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 6-7 3. nandI cUrNi pRSTha 8

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga jayadhavalA' va dhavalA ke anusAra zrutadhArakoM ke vilupta ho jAne se zruta vilupta ho gyaa| zvetAmbara-digambara-paramparA ke anusAra aMtima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI the| jinakA svargavAsa zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra vIranirvANa ke 170 varSa bAda va digambara mAnyatAnusAra vIra nirvANa ke 162 varSa bAda honA mAnA gayA hai| inhIM ke svargavAsa ke sAtha caturdaza pUrvadhara yA zrutakevalI kA lopa ho gayA aura Agama-viccheda kA krama Arambha huaa| vIra nirvANa saMvat 216 meM sthUlibhadra svargastha hae / isake bAda Arya vrajasvAmI taka dasa pUrvo kI paramparA calI, ve vIra nirvANa saMvat 551 (vikrama saMvat 81) meM svarga sidhAre / 2 inake sAtha hI dasa pUrva bhI naSTa ho gaye / yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki Arya vrajasvAmI kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa saMvat 584 arthAt vikrama saMvat 114 huaa| digambara mAnyatAnusAra aMtima dasa pUrvadhara dharasena hue aura unakA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa 345 meM huA arthAt zrutakevalI kA viccheda digambara-paramparA meM zvetAmbaraparamparA kI apekSA 8 varSa pUrva hI mAna liyA gyaa| sAtha hI dasa pUrvadharoM kA viccheda digambara paramparA meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI apekSA 239 varSa pUrva mAnA gayA / (gha) Agama-vAcanAe~ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda unake upadeza maukhika paramparA se surakSita rahe / gaNadharoM ne unake upadeza-vacanoM ko Agama granthoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| kintu vartamAna meM jo hameM Agama upalabdha hai unako vartamAna svarUpa prApta karane meM lambA samaya lagA hai, isake lie jainAcAryoM ne kaI Agama-vAcanAeM kI haiN| jinakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : 1. jayadhavalA, pRSTha 83 2. dhavalA, pRSTha 65 3. zAstrI, devendra muni-jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 39 4. ka. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha-Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pRSTha 16 kha. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-(saM0 ) muni AtmArAma, prastAvanA, pRSTha 9 5. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-(saM0 ) muni AtmArAma, prastAvanA, pRSTha 9

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana prathama vAcanA-vIra nirvANa 160 ke AsapAsa jaina-saMgha ko bhayaMkara duSkAla se jUjhanA pdd'aa| jisase samasta zramaNa-saMgha chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| durbhikSa ke kAraNa sAdhu AhAra kI talAza meM sudUra dezoM kI ora cale gye| duSkAla samApta hone para vicchinna zruta ko saMkalita karane ke lie vIra nirvANa 160 varSa pazcAt zramaNasaMgha AcArya sthUlibhadra ke netRtva meM ekatrita huaa| isakA sarvaprathama ullekha titthogAlI meM prApta hotA hai|' pATaliputra meM prathama bAra zrata-jJAna ko vyavasthita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| jisase ise 'pATaliputra vAcanA' nAma diyA gyaa| yahA~ ekatrita zramaNasaMgha ne paraspara vicAra saMkalana kara gyAraha aMga saMkalita kiye| bAharaveM aMga dRSTivAda kA jJAna kisI ko nahIM thaa| usa samaya dRSTivAda ke jJAtA sirpha bhadrabAha hI the, jo nepAla kI giri-kaMdarAoM meM mahAprANa nAmaka dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| unase dRSTivAda kA jJAna lene ke lie zramaNasaMgha nepAla meM bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM upasthita huA aura dRSTivAda kI vAcanA dene kA nivedana kiyA parantu bhadrabAhu ne AcArya hote hue bhI saMgha ke dAyitva se udAsIna hokara kahA-merA AyuSya alpa samaya kA hai jisase maiM vAcanA dene meM asamartha haiN| isase zramaNasaMgha kSubdha ho uThA aura yaha kahakara lauTa AyA ki saMgha kI prArthanA asvIkAra karane se Apako prAyazcitta lenA hogaa|' punaH eka zramaNasaMghATaka ne bhadrabAhu ke pAsa Akara nivedana kara saMgha kI prArthanA doharAI to bhadrabAhu eka apavAda ke sAtha vAcanA dene ko taiyAra hue,' ki vAcanA maMdagati se apane samayAnusAra pradAna kreNge| isa para bhadrabAhu, sthUlibhadra Adi 500 zikSArthiyoM ko eka dina meM sAta bAra 1. titthogAlI, gAthA 714 2. "jaM jassa Asi pAse uddesajjhayaNagAi taM savvaM / saMghaDiyaM ekkArasaMgAiM taheva tthviyaaii|| -upadezamAlAvizeSavRtti, patrAMka 241, gAthA 24 3. nepAla battaNIe ya bhaddabAhusAmI acchaMti cauddasapuvvI / -AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 2, pRSTha 187.' 4. titthogAlI, gAthA 28-29 5. vahI, gAthA 28-29 6. vahI, gAthA 35-36

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga prathama eka bhikSAcaryA jAte-Ate samaya, dvitIya-tIna vAcanAe~ vikAlavelA meM, tIsarI tIna vAcanAeM pratikramaNa ke bAda rAtri meM dete the / ' vAcanA pradAna karane kA yaha krama bahuta maMda hone se muniyoM kA dhairya TUTa 'gayA / 499 ziSya vAcanA ko bIca meM hI chor3akara cale gaye, parantu sthUlabhadra niSThA se adhyayana meM lage rahe aura ATha varSoM meM ATha pUrvoM kA adhyayana kara liyA | 2 isa taraha dasa pUrvo kI vAcanA ho cukI thI taba sAdhanAkAla pUrNa ho jAne se bhadrabAhu pATaliputra Aye / vahA~ yakSA Adi sAdhviyAM darzanArtha AyI, vahIM para sthUlabhadra ne siMha kA rUpa dhAraNa karake camatkAra dikhAyA | yaha bAta bhadrabAhu ko jJAta hote hI Age vAcanA denA baMda kara diyA aura kahA ki jJAna kA ahaM vikAsa meM bAdhaka hai / sthUlibhadra dvArA kSamA mA~gane va atyadhika anunaya-vinaya karane para zeSa cAra pUrvI kI vAcanA kevala zabda rUpa meM pradAna kI, isa prakAra pATaliputra vAcanA meM dRSTivAda sahita aMga sAhitya ko hI vyavasthita karane kA prayatna huA thA / 4 dvitIya vAcanA - Agama saMkalana hetu dUsarI vAcanA IsvI pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI arthAt vIra nirvANa 300 se 330 ke madhya me huI / ur3IsA ke samrATa khAravela the, jo jaina dharma ke upAsaka the / unhoMne ur3IsA ke kumArI parvata para jaina muniyoM kA sammelana bulAkara mauryakAla meM jo aMga vismRta ho gaye the, unheM saMkalita kraayaa| isa vAcanA ke pramukha susthita va supratibuddha the, ye donoM sahodara the / 1. pariziSTa parva, sarga 9, gAthA 70 2. " zrI bhadrabAhupAdAnte sthUlabhadro mahAmatiH / pUrvANAmaSTakaM varSerapAThIdaSTabhirbhRzam // 11 3. pariziSTaparva, sarga 9, gAthA 81 4. " aha bhaNai thUlabhaddo aNNaM ruvaM na kici cattAri puvvAI | 5. himavantatherAvalI, gAthA 10 - pariziSTa parva, sarga 9 - sthAnAMgasUtra madhukara muni se uddhRta kahAmo icchAmi jANiuM je ahaM - titthogAlIpainnA, 800

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upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana himavanta therAvalI ke alAvA anya kisI grantha meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai / kintu khaNDagiri va udayagiri meM jo zilAlekha utkIrNa haiM, usase spaSTa hai ki Agama saMkalana hetu yaha sammelana kiyA gayA thA / ' 12 tRtIya vAcanA - vIra nirvANa 827 -840 ke pUrva bhI eka bAra aura bhayaMkara duSkAla par3A, jisase aneka jena zravaNa paralokavAsI ho gaye aura AgamoM kA kaNThasthIkaraNa yathAvat nahIM raha pAyA / isalie isa durbhikSa kI samApti para vIra nirvANa 827 -840 ke madhya mathurA meM Arya skandila ke netRtva meM zramaNa saMgha ekatrita huA / isa sammelana meM madhumitra, saMghahasti prabhRti Adi 150 zramaNa upasthita the, parantu AcArya skandila hI samasta zrutAnuyoga ko aMkurita karane meM mahAmegha ke samAna yAnI iSTa vastu ke pradAtA the / jinadAsagaNa mahattara ne likhA hai ki duSkAla ke AghAta se kevala skaMdila hI anuyogadhara baca pAye, unhoMne hI mathurA meM anuyoga kA pravartana kiyA / ataH yaha vAcanA 'skandilI vAcanA' nAma se jAnI jAtI hai / prathama vAcanA ke samaya jainoM kA pramukha kendra bihAra aura dUsarI vAcanA kA kendra ur3IsA thA / parantu nirantara duSkAloM ke par3ane se yaha kendra bihAra se sthAnAntarita hokara pazcimI uttara pradeza ho gayA / caturthaM vAcanA - mathurA sammelana ke samaya arthAt vIra nirvANa 827-840 ke Asa-pAsa vallabhI meM nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM bhI 1. ka. dozI, becaradAsa jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, pRSTha 82 kha. sAdhvI saMghamitrA - jaina dharmaM ke prabhAvaka AcArya, pRSTha 10-11 2. " ittha dUsahadubbhikkhe duvAlasavArisie niyatte sayalasaMgha melia AgamANaogo pavittio khaMdilAyariyeNa " - vividha tIrthakalpa, pRSTha 19 3. prabhAvakacaritra, pRSTha 54 4. nandI cUrNa, pRSTha 9, gAthA 32 5. ka. nandIsUtra, malayagirivRtti, gAthA 33, pRSTha 51 kha. nandI cUrNa, pRSTha 9

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga 13 eka Agama saMkalana kA prayAsa huA / " jo 'nAgArjunIya vAcanA' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / isakA ullekha bhadrezvara racita kahAvalI grantha meM milatA hai / cUNiyoM meM bhI nAgArjuna nAma se pAThAntara milate / paNNavaNA jaise aMgabAhya sUtroM meM bhI isa prakAra ke pAThAntaroM kA nirdeza hai / AcArya devavAcaka ne bhI bhAvapUrNa zabdoM meM nAgArjuna kI stuti kI hai / * paMcama vAcanA - vIra nirvANa ke 980 varSoM ke bAda logoM kI smRti pahale se durbala ho gayI, ataH usa vizAla jJAna bhaNDAra ko smRti meM rakhanA kaThina ho gayA / ataH vIra nirvANa 980 yA 993 ( san 454 yA 466 ) meM devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM zramaNasaMgha ekatrita huA aura smRti meM zeSa sabhI AgamoM ko saMkalita kiyA aura sAtha hI sAtha pustakArUr3ha bhI kara diyA gayA / yaha pustaka rUpa meM likhane kA prathama prayAsa thA / kahIM-kahIM para yaha ullekha bhI AtA hai ki AcArya skandila va nAgArjuna ke samaya hI Agama pustakArUr3ha kara diye gaye the / vartamAna meM jo Agama upalabdha haiM ve devadvigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI vAcanA ke haiM aura usake bAda unameM parivartana va parivarddhana nahIM huA, aisA mAnA jAtA hai / kintu zodha kI dRSTi kucha aise sthala bhI mile haiM jo AgamoM meM isake bAda bhI prakSipta kiye gaye haiM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA ullekha nandI cUrNi ke pUrva kahIM bhI nahIM milatA hai / anuyogadvArasUtra meM dravyazruta va bhAvazruta kA ullekha hai, yahA~ pustaka likhita zruta ko dravyazruta mAnA gayA hai / " 1. jaina, DA0 hIrAlAla - bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pRSTha 55 2. mAlavaNiyA, paM0 dalasukha - jaina darzana kA AdikAla, pRSTha 7 3. vahI, pRSTha 7 4. ka. nandIsUtra, gAthA 35 kha. yogazAstra, prakAza 3, pRSTha 207 5. sthAnAMgasUtra, (saM0 ) madhukara muni, prastAvanA, pRSTha 27 6. " jinavacanaM ca duSSamAkAlavazAducchinna- prAyamiti matvA bhagavadbhirnAgArjunaskandilAcAyaM prabhRtibhiH pustakeSu nyastam yyn - yogazAstra, prakAza 3, pRSTha 207 7. dazavaikAlika bhUmikA - AcArya tulasI, pRSTha 27 8. " se kiM taM - davvasuaM ? pattayapotthayalihiaM"-anuyogadvArasUtra

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14 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana (Ga) Agama lekhana-paramparA__lipi kA prAdurbhAva prAgaitihAsika kAla meM hI ho cukA thaa| prajJApanAsUtra meM aThAraha lipiyoM kA ullekha AtA hai|' bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI maMgalAcaraNa meM brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki lekhana kalA va sAmagrI kA vikAsa yA astitva Agama lekhana se pUrva hI thA, kintu AgamoM ko likhane kI paramparA na hokara kaNThAgra karane kI paramparA thI, jisake kAraNoM kA nirdeza pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| yahI paramparA bauddha va vedoM ke lie bhI thI isI kAraNa ina tInoM meM 'zruta' 'sutta' va 'zruti' zabda prAcIna granthoM ke lie prayukta huA hai| ___AgamoM ko lipibaddha karane kA spaSTa ullekha devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke pUrva prApta nahIM hotA hai / pUrva meM lekhana kI paramparA nahIM hone se bhI AgamoM kA viccheda nahIM ho jAya, etadartha lekhana va pustaka rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA aura bAda meM Agama likhe gye| isa prakAra Agama lekhana kI dRSTi se IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI mahattvapUrNa hai / AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa evaM paricaya (ka) sarvaprathama AgamoM ke bheda samavAyAMgasUtra meM prApta hote haiN| vahIM pUrvo kI saMkhyA caudaha va aMgoM kI saMkhyA bAraha batalAI gaI hai| abhayadevavRtti ke anusAra dvAdazAGgI ke pahale pUrvasAhitya nirmita kiyA gayA, isa kAraNa inakA nAma pUrva pdd'aa| aMga zabda jaina paramparA meM Agama granthoM 1. prajJApanA, pada-1 2. "namo baMbhIe livie"-bhagavatIsUtra, maMgalAcaraNa 3. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 42 4. "kAlaM puNa paDucca caraNakaraNaTThA avocchi tti / nimittaM ca geNhamANassa potthae saMjamo bhavaI ||-dshvaikaalikcuunni, pRSTha 21 5. "caudasa putrA paNNattA taMjahA"-samavAyAMga, samavAya, 14 6. "duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage paNNattA taMjahA"--samavAyAMga, samavAya, 136 7. ka. sarvazru tAt pUrvaM kriyate iti pUrvANi, utpAdapUrvA'dobhi caturdaza" -sthAnAMgasUtravRtti, 10/1 kha. "prathamaM pUrva tasya sarvapravacanAt pUrva kriyamANatvAt" . -samavAyAMgavRtti, patra 101

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga ke lie prayukta huA hai| (kha) AgamoM kA dUsarA vargIkaraNa devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya arthAt vIra nirvANa ke 1000 varSa ke AsapAsa kA hai jinameM aMga-praviSTha va aMga-bAhya ye do bheda kiye haiN|2 nandIsUtra meM AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai| zruta aMga praviSTha aMgabAhya AcAra Avazyaka Avazyaka se bhinna sUtrakRta sthAna samavAya bhagavatI jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazA antakRtadazA anuttaropapAtika dazA praznavyAkaraNa vipAka dRSTivAda sAmAyika caturviMzatistava vandanA pratikramaNa kAyotsarga pratyAkhyAna kAlika utkAlika (kramazaH pRSTha 16 para) 1. duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage-samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 88 2. "ahavA taM samavAo duvihaM paNNataM, taMjahA-aMgapaviTuM aMgabAhiraM ca" -nandIsUtra,-(saM0 ) muni madhukara, pRSTha 160 3. nandIsUtra-( saM0 ) muni madhukara, sUtra 82, pRSTha 165

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana kAlika utkAlika uttarAdhyayana dazAzrutaskandha kalpa vyavahAra . nizItha mahAnizItha RSibhASita jambUdvIpaprajJapti dvIpasAgaraprajJapti candraprajJapti kSullikAvimAnapravibhakti mahAllikAvimAnapravibhakti aMgacUlikA vaigacUlikA vivAhacUlikA aruNopapAta varuNopapAta garuDopapAta dharaNopapAta vezravaNopapAta velandharopapAta devendropapAta utthAnazruta samutthAnazruta nAgaparitApanikA nirayAvalikA kalpikA kalpAvataMsikA puSpikA puSpacUlikA vRSNidazA dazavaikAlika kalpikAkalpika cullakalpazruta mahAkalpazruta aupapAtika rAjapraznIya jovAbhigama prajJApanA mahAprajJApanA pramAdApramAda nandI anuyogadvAra devendrastava taMdulavaicArika candravedhyaka sUrya-prajJapti pauruSImaMDala maNDalapraveza vidyAcaraNa vinizcaya gaNividyA dhyAnavibhakti maraNavibhakti Atmavizodhi vItarAgazruta saMlekhanAzruta vihArakalpa caraNavidhi Atura pratyAsyAna mahApratyAkhyAna

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga 17 (ga) tattvArtha sUtravRtti meM digambara matAnusAra AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai : aMgapraviSTha ' AcAra sUtrakRta sthAna samavAya vyAkhyAprajJapti jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazA antakRt dazA anuttaropapAtikadazA praznavyAkaraNa vipAka dRSTivAda / parikarma 1 candraprajJApti sUryaprajJapti jambUdvIpaprajJApti dvIpasAgaraprajJapti vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra Agama I 1. tattvArtha sUtra - zrutasAgarIvRtti, 1/20 2 1 aMgabAhya | sAmAyika caturviMzati-stava vandanA pratikramaNa vainayika kRtikarma dazavekAlika uttarAdhyayana kalpavyavahAra kalpAkalpa mahAkalpa puMDaroka mahApuMDarIka azItikA | I prathamAnuyoga pUrvagata I utpAda agrAyaNIya sthalagatA vIryAnupravAda mAyAgatA astinAstipravAda AkAzagatA jJAna pravAda rUpagatA 1 cUlikA 1 jalagatA

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18 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana ' pUrvagata 1 satyapravAda AtmapravAda karmapravAda pratyAkhyAnapravAda vidyAnupravAda kalyANa prANAvAya kriyAvizAla lokabindusAra (gha) digambara paramparA meM mUla AgamoM kA lopa mAnA gayA hai / phira bhI zaurasenI prAkRta meM racita kucha granthoM ko Agama jitanA mahattva diyA gayA hai va inheM veda kI saMjJA dekara cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai :(ka) prathamAnuyoga - padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa, AdipurANa va uttarapurANa Adi grantha (kha) karaNAnuyoga - sUrya prajJapti, candraprajJapti, jayadhavalA Adi grantha (ga) caraNAnuyoga - mUlAcAra, trivarNAcAra, ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra Adi grantha (gha) dravyAnuyoga - pravacanasAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra, paMcAstikAya, tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, AptamImAMsA Adi grantha (Ga) eka anya dRSTi se AgamoM ke suttAgama, arthAgama aura tadubhayAgama ye tIna bheda bhI anuyogadvArasUtra meM milate haiM / 1. zAstrI, devendramuni - jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 18 2. ka ahavA Agame tivihe paNNatte - taMjahA suttAgame ya atyAgame ya tadubhayA- anuyogadvArasUtra, 470 game ya kha. AvazyakasUtra adhyAya 1 sUtra 4

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Agama sAhitya aura upAsakadazAMga 19 (ca) AgamoM kA sabase uttaravartI vargIkaraNa aMga, upAMga, mUla va cheda ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya meM "anyathA hi anibaddhamaMgopAMgazaH samudraprataraNavaduradhyavaseyaM syAt" kahakara aMga ke sAtha upAMga zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / " prabhAvaka caritra meM, jo vi. saMvat 1334 kA racita hai, sarvaprathama aMga, upAMga, mUla va cheda ke rUpa meM AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa dekhane ko milatA hai / mUla rUpa se jo bAraha aMga grantha haiM unhIM ke arthoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie upAMgoM kI racanA huI hai aisA mAnA jAtA hai / mUlasUtroM ke sambandha meM vibhinna AcAryoM kI alaga-alaga dhAraNAe~ haiM / samayasundaragaNi ne dazavekAlika, oghaniryukti, piNDaniryukti va uttarAdhyayana ko mUla sUtra mAne haiN| DaoN0 sArapenTiyara, DaoN0 vinTaranitja aura DaoN0 gyArIno ne uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavekAlika va piNDaniryukti ko mUla sUtra mAnA hai / DaoN0 zubriMga ne uttarAdhyayana, dazavekAlika, Avazyaka, piNDaniryukti va oghaniyukti ko mUlasUtra mAnA / " sthAnakavAsI va terApantha sampradAya uttarAdhyayana, dazavekAlika, nandI va anuyogadvAra ko mUla sUtra mAnate haiM / cheda sUtroM kA prathama ullekha Avazyakaniyukti meM huA hai| samAcArI zataka meM samayasundaragaNi ne dazAzrutaskandha, vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa, nizItha, 1. tattvArtha bhASya, 1/20 2. tatazcatuvidhaH kAryo'nuyogo'taH paraM mayA / tato'GgopAGgamUlAkhya granthacchedakRtAgamaH // - prabhAvakacarita, dUsarA AryaMrakSita prabandha 3. "aGgArthaspaSTabodhavidhAyakAni upAMgAni " - aupapAtika TIkA 4. zAstrI, devendramuni - jaina Agama sAhitya manana va mImAsA, pRSTha 22 5. kApar3iyA, eca0 Ara0 e hisTrI oNpha do kenonikala liTrecara Apha dI jainsa, pR0 44-45 6. mehatA, DA0 mohana lAla - jaina darzana, pRSTha 89 7. "jaM ca mahAkappasuyaM, jANi asesANi cheasu tANi caraNakaraNANuogotti kAliyatthe uvagayANi" - Avazyakaniyukti, 777

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana mahAnizItha va jItakalpa ko cheda sUtra mAnA hai|' jItakalpa ko chor3akara bAkI pA~coM kA ullekha nandIsUtra meM bhI huA hai / 2 sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM dazAzrutaskandha, vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa va nizItha ye cAra hI cheda sUtra mAne jAte haiN| jaina Agama sAhitya kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM aneka matabheda haiM / zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI va terApantha sampradAya battIsa Agama mAnatA hai, zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya peMtAlIsa Agama mAnate haiM, inameM hI kucha gaccha caurAsI Agama bhI mAnate haiN| digambara paramparA Agama ke astitva ko svIkAra to karatI hai, parantu unakI mAnyatAnusAra sabhI Agama vicchinna ho gaye haiN| __ isa prakAra jaina sAhitya meM AgamoM ko pramukha va sarvocca sammAna prApta hai| tIthaMkara aura kevalajJAniyoM ne jo apane pratyakSa jJAna se heya, jJeya, upAdeya ko jaisA dekhA, vaisA pratipAdita kiyA, jise gaNadhara va anya ziSyoM ke dvArA pahale zruta rUpa se va bAda meM lipi rUpa meM saMkalita kiyA gyaa| isa zruta paramparA va likhita paramparA ke madhya, kAla ke prabhAva se kucha zruta vicchinna bhI hue parantu phira bhI bahuta kucha zeSa rahe / usI ke AdhAra para battIsa, paiMtAlIsa va caurAsI AgamoM kI racanA huI / ina AgamoM meM zramaNa va gRhasthajIvana ke pratyeka pahalU vizeSa rUpa se AdhyAtmika va dhArmikatA ko chUne vAle prasaMga haiN| vyakti apanA Atma-kalyANa kaise kareM, isake vibhinna AyAma pratipAdita haiN| digambara paramparA AgamoM ko vilupta mAnatI hai, ve kevala bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ke kucha aMza ko mAnakara usI ke AdhAra para Agama rUpa meM mAnya unake granthoM kI racanA huI, aisA batAte haiN| 1. samAcArIzataka-Agama sthApanAdhikAra 2. "kAliyaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM, taMjahA-dasAokappo, vavahAro, nisIhaM, mahA nisIha" - nandIsUtra. 77

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dvitIya-adhyAya upAsakadazAMga kA paricaya upAsakadazAMga ko pANDulipiyAM evaM paricaya Agama aMga sAhitya meM upAsakadazAMga sUtra sAtavAM Agama grantha hai| zrAvaka AcAra kA pratipAdaka hone se ise AcArAMgasUtra kA pUraka kahA jAtA hai| yaha upAsakadazAMgasUtra hameM hastalikhita tathA prakAzita pratiyoM ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| upAsakadazAMga ko pANDulipiyA~ upAsakadazAMga sUtra kI upalabdha pANDulipiyoM kA paricaya vibhinna sampAdakoM ne apane saMskaraNoM meM diyA hai usameM se kucha pratiyoM kA paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai : (ka) iNDiyA oNphisa lAibrero kalakattA ko prati-yaha prati iNDiyA oNphisa lAibrerI, kalakattA meM hai| isameM cAlIsa panne haiM / pratyeka panne meM dasa paMktiyA~ aura pratyeka paMkti meM ar3atIsa akSara haiM / isa para saMvat 1564 zrAvaNa sudI 14 kA samaya likhA huA hai / prati prAyaH zuddha hai| (kha) eziyATika sosAiTI, kalakattA kI prati-yaha prati baMgAla eziyATika sosAiTI, kalakattA kI lAibrerI kI hai| isakI mala prati bIkAnera mahArAjA ke grantha bhaNDAra meM rakhI huI hai usakI hI yaha nakala hai| isa baMgAla vAlI prati para phAguna sudI 9 guruvAra saMvat 1824 diyA huA hai| isameM koI TIkA bhI nahIM hai, kevala gujarAtI TabbA artha hai / isa prati kA prathama va antima patra bIca ke patroM se mela nahIM khAtA, antima pRSTha TIkA vAlI prati kA hai, sUcI meM diyA gayA vivaraNa ina pRSThoM se milatA hai, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki sosAiTI ke lie kisI dUsarI prati se nakala kI gaI hai| bIkAnera sUcI meM diye gaye saMvat 1117 usa prati ke likhane kA nahIM apitu TIkA ke banAne kA honA caahie| yaha bahuta sundara likhI huI

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22 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana hai / isameM 83 pa haiM / pratyeka panne meM 6 paMktiyA~ va pratyeka paMkti meM 28 akSara haiM / TabbA sAtha meM hai / (ga) yati jI (kalakattA) ko prati prathama - yaha prati kalakattA meM eka yatijI ke pAsa meM hai / isameM 41 panne haiM, mUlapATha bIca meM likhA huA hai, Upara va nIce saMskRta TIkA hai / isameM saMvat 1916 phAlguna sudI 4 diyA huA hai / yaha prati zuddha hai va aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki kisI vidvAn dvArA likhI huI hai / isakA mUla 812 zloka parimANa haiM va TokA 1016 zloka parimANa haiM | (gha) yati jI (kalakattA) kI prati dvitIya - yaha kalakattA meM eka yati jI ke pAsa hai / isake 33 panne haiM / pratyeka panne meM 9 paMktiyAM va pratyeka paMkti meM 48 akSara haiM / isakA samaya mRgasara vadI 5 zukravAra saMvat 1745 diyA huA hai / yaha zrI renInagara meM likhI gayI hai / TabbA sAtha meM hai / " (ca) anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI bIkAnera kI pratiyA~ - anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI, bIkAnera, bIkAnera kA prAcIna pustaka bhaNDAra, jo ki purAne kile meM hai, meM upAsakadazAMga kI do pratiyA~ haiM / 1. lAibrerI pustaka nambara 9467 ( upAsagasUtra ) panne 24, pratyeka panne meM 13 paMktiyAM, eka paMkti meM 42 akSara, ahamadAbAda AMcalagaccha zrI gur3A pArzvanAtha kI yaha prati hai / prati meM samaya nahIM diyA gayA hai / prati azuddha hai / bAda meM zuddha kiyA gayA hai, isameM granthAgra parimANa saMkhyA 912 dI hai / 2. anUpa saMskRta lAibrerI pustaka nambara 9464, upAsaka dazAvRtti paMca pATha saha, patra 33, zloka parimANa 900, TIkA granthAgra 1. uparokta ka, kha, ga, gha, Ga ina cAroM pratiyoM kA paricaya upAsakadazAsUtraaMgrejI anuvAda sahita - kalakattA - IsvI san 1890 meM prakAzita saMskaraNa .. meM prApta hotA hai / isakA anuvAda va saMzodhana DA0 ema. e. ruDolpha hArnale TyUbiMjana phelo Apha kalakattA yunivarsiTI, AnarerI phAilolojikala sekreTrI TU dI esiyATika sosAiTI Apha baMgAla ne kiyA hai /

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upAsakadazAMga kA paricaya 23 900, pratyeka pRSTha para 16 paMktiyA~ haiM, pratyeka paMkti meM 32 akSara haiM / prati para saMvat nahIM hai, parantu prati prAcIna hai|' . (cha) vyaktigata prati-yaha TabbAyukta prati merI vyaktigata hai, jo jinacandrasUri ke ziSya harSavallabha dvArA likhI gayI hai| isameM 52 pRSTha haiN| isake antima pRSTha para saMvat 1936 kArtika mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI saptamI tithi likhI huI hai| upAsakadazAMga ke prakAzita saMskaraNa vibhinna lekhakoM, mUrdhanya manISiyoM va vidvAnoM ne Agama sAhitya ko jIvanta rakhane ke lie samaya-samaya para apane-apane dRSTikoNoM se AgamoM ko prakAzita kiyA / sabhI prakAzana apanI alaga-alaga vizeSatAeM lie hue haiM / upAsakadazAMga ke aba taka nimna saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiM : 1. upAsakadazAMga kA sabase prathama saMskaraNa devanAgarI lipi meM murzidAbAda vAle dhanapata siMha dvArA prakAzita hai| 2. upAsakadazAMga-sUtra DaoN0 ema0 e0 ruDolpha hAnale dvArA baMgAla eziyATika sosAiTI, kalakattA se 1890 IsvI meM prakAzita huaa| isa grantha meM aMgrejI anuvAda va sampAdana DaoN0 hArnale dvArA kiyA gayA hai| upalabdha pANDulipiyoM kA vivaraNa bhI isameM prApta hai / sAtha hI sAtha vistRta bhUmikA grantha meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| 3. zrImadabhayadevAcArya-vihita-vivaraNa-yukta upAsakadazAMgam Agamodaya samiti, mahesANA se IsvI 1920 meM prakAzita huA hai| mUlapATha prAcIna pratIta hotA hai / sAtha meM saMskRta vivaraNa bhI diyA gayA hai / 4. upAsakadazAMga-sUtra, pI0 ela0 vaidya, pUnA dvArA 1930 meM prakAzita huA hai| 5. upAsakadazA-sUtra, AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI ma. sA0 dvArA zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina saMgha, karAMcI meM IsvI san 1936 ko prakAzita huA hai / isameM mUla, saMskRta chAyA bAda meM hindI anuvAda va anta meM 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtra--(saM0) pitaliyA, dhosulAla, pR0 27 /

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24 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana gujarAtI anuvAda bhI diyA hai| anekAneka vizeSatAoM se yukta isa grantha meM aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA bhI dI gayI hai| hAlAki zabdoM meM zuddhatA kA abhAva hai, kintu bhASA aura vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se yaha grantha upayogI hai| 6. upAsakadazAMga-sUtram AtmArAma jI ma0 sA0 dvArA jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA se IsvI saMvat 1964 meM prakAzita huA hai / isa grantha meM mUla va saMskRta chAyA ke sAtha-sAtha anvayArtha bhI hai va bAda meM hindI anuvAda va vyAkhyA bhI hai| uparokta vivecanAoM ke sAtha grantha kI bhUmikA bahuta upayogI hai| 7. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-zrI ghIsUlAla pitaliyA dvArA zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA dvArA IsvI san 1977 meM prakAzita huA hai| isameM mUla ke hindI anuvAda ke sAtha-sAtha saMkSipta vivecana bhI AkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnya jijJAsu pAThakoM ke lie yaha upayogI hai| 8. uvAsagadasAo-zrI abhayadevasUri dvArA TokAnuvAda sahita paM0 bhagavAnadAsa harSacanda dvArA vikrama saMvat 1992 meM prakAzita huA hai| yahI jainAnanda pustakAlaya gopIpurA, sUrata dvArA bhI prakAzita hai| isameM mala, anuvAda va saMskRta TIkArtha hai| isake mala meM 'vaNNao' kI jagaha 'vaNao' va 'bahiyA' kI jagaha 'vahiyo' zabda prayukta hai| 9. aMgasuttANi-bhAga 1, 2, 3 AcArya tulasI va muninathamala dvArA jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM dvArA saMvat 2031 meM prakAzita huA hai / isa aMgasuttANi bhAga 3 meM upAsakadazAMgasUtra kA mUla hai| artha va vyAkhyA isameM nahIM dI gayI hai| isakI eka hI vizeSatA hai ki muni nathamala jI ne vibhinna pANDulipiyoM ke AdhAra para apanA sampAdita pATha diyA hai va sAtha meM AvazyakatAnusAra pAThAntara bhI diye haiN| 10. upAsakadazAMga-sampAdaka DaoN0 jIvarAja dholA bhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda dvArA prakAzita huA hai| 11. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-paM0 muni amolaka RSi ma0 sA0 dvArA jaina saMgha, haidarAbAda se vIra saMvat 2442 se 46 taka prakAzita huA hai / grantha meM mUla va hindI anuvAda hI hai / mUla zabdoM meM azuddhiyA~ bahuta haiM /

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upAsaka dazAMga kA paricaya 12. aMgasuttANi - AcArya zrI puphabhikkhu dvArA mUtrAgama prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka, relave roDa, gur3agA~va, paMjAba se san 1953 meM prakAzita huA hai| isameM upAsakadazAsUtra kA mUla pATha hI hai / bhUmikA meM arddha mAgadhI kI vyAkaraNa bhI hai, jisase vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga samajhA jA sakatA hai / 12. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - sAdhvI prakAzana samiti, ghATakopara bambaI se prakAzita huA hai| isameM mUla ke gayA hai / 25 14. arthAgama - bhAga 1, 2, 3 meM prakAzita isa grantha meM aMgasuttANi 'suttAgame' kA hindI rUpAntara hai / yaha puSkabhikkhu dvArA sUtrAgama prakAzana samiti 'anekAnta vihAra' gur3agA~va se prakAzita hai / yaha san 1971 meM prakAzita huA hai / zrIurvazIbAI dvArA prema jinAgama vikrama saMvat 2031 san 1975 meM sAtha-sAtha gujarAtI anuvAda diyA 15. aMgapaviTThasuttANi - Agama aMga granthoM kA saMkalana ratanalAla DosI aura pArasamala caNDAliyA dvArA akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA dvArA prakAzita hai / san 1982 meM prakAzita isameM kevala mUlapATha hI hai / 16. uvAsa gadasAo - madhukara muni dvArA sampAdita yaha saMskaraNa zrI jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara dvArA vikrama saMvat 2037 meM prakAzita hai, jisameM mulapATha, anuvAda, vivecana aura TippaNa ke sAthasAtha pariziSTa bhI jor3A gayA hai / DaoN0 chaganalAla zAstrI dvArA likhita isakI prastAvanA upayogI hai / ---- upAsaka dazAMga kA vyAkhyA sAhitya Agama sAhitya ke gUr3ha-gaMbhIra, dArzanika, tAttvika va AdhyAtmika rahasyoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie vibhinna vyAkhyA sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA / isa vyAkhyA sAhitya ko hama niryukti, bhASya, cUrNi, TokA va zloka bhASA meM likhita TabbA sAhitya ina pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM : 1. zAstrI, devendra muni jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 435

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26 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana 1. jaina Agama sAhitya para prAkRta bhASA meM padyabaddha TIkAe~ likho gaI, jo niyukti ke nAma se vizruta haiM / 2. niyukti ke gaMbhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie vistAra se prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyAtmaka vyAkhyAe~ likhI gayI, ve bhASya kahalAtI haiM / 3. zuddha prAkRta meM evaM saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM gadyAtmaka vyAkhyAe~ cUrNi kahalAtI haiM / 4. sampUrNa saMskRta meM racI gayI AgamoM kA dArzanika dRSTi se vizleSaNa karane vAlI TIkAe~ kahalAtI hai / 5. jana sAdhAraNa ke lie saMskRta, prAkRta ko samajhane meM kaThinAI hone se loka bhASAoM meM sarala subodha zailI meM Tabbe likhe gaye / ' upAsaka dazAMga sUtra para mukhya rUpa se TIkAe~ hI likhI gayI, niryukti, cUrNi, bhASya upalabdha nahIM hote haiN| TIkAoM ko hI AcAryoM ne vibhinna nAmoM se aMkita kiyA hai jaise :- TIkA, vRtti, vivRti, vivaraNa, vivecana, vyAkhyA, vArtika, dIpikA, avacUri, avacUrNi, paMjikA, TippaNa, TippaNaka, paryAya, stabaka, pIThikA, akSarArtha Adi / ye TIkAe~ saMkSepa va vistAra donoM taraha kI haiM / upAsaka dazAMga kA TIkA sAhitya upAsaka dazAMga kI nimnalikhita TIkAe~ ( vRtti) prApti hotI haiN| 1. AcArya abhayadeva ne upAsakadazAsUtra para TIkA likho jo sampUrNa tayA saMskRta meM likhI gayI hai / yaha rAyadhanapatasiMha bahAdUra, AjImagaMja se prakAzita hai / isakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1933 hai / grantha pramANa pRSTha 233 hai / 2. AcArya harSavallabha upAdhyAya ne upAsakadazAMga para TIkA saMvat 1693 meM likhI / 9. vahI, pRSTha 552 2. vahI, pRSTha 508 3. zAstrI, devendramuni - jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pRSTha 522 4. vahI, pRSTha 541

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upAsaka dazAMga kA paricaya 27 3. vivekahaMsa ne upAsakadazAMga para vRtti likho, jisake sthAna va samaya ke bAre meM koI saMketa nahIM hai / ' 4. upAsakadazAMgasUtra- stabaka - isakA lekha saMgraha 1856 hai / isameM patra saMkhyA 49 hai / isakA AkAra 27411.2 senTImITara hai va graMthAgra 912 hai / ' 5. upAsakadazAMga sUtra - stabaka lekhasaMgraha 18 mUla zataka (anuvAda) hAtha kAgaja patra 38 hai | isakA AkAra 25.8 x 11 senTImITara haiM granthAgra 2586 hai / 9. vahI, pRSTa 541 2. keTaloga Apha gujarAtI menyuskriIpTasa - munipuNyavijaya, prati saMkhyA 69 3. vahI, prati saMkhyA 70

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tRtIya adhyAya upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAe~ viSayavastu jaina Agama sAhitya meM AcArAMga va upAsakadazAMgasUtra kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai| jahA AcArAMga meM sAdhu jIvana ke AcAra-vicAra aura caryA kA varNana hai vahIM upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM zrAvakoM ko jIvanacaryAoM va AcAroM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna Ananda, kAmadeva, culanIpitA, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuMDakaulika, sakaDAlaputra, mahAzataka, nandinIpitA va sAlihIpitA-ina dasa zrAvakoM ke jIvana caritroM kA varNana hai / unako saMkSipta viSayavastu yahA~ dI jA rahI hai : 1. Ananda dhAvaka IzA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM vANijyagrAma nAmaka nagara thA / yaha uttara bihAra ke eka bhAga meM jahA~ licchiviyoM kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI hai, usI ke pAsa sthita thaa| baniyA grAma Aja bhI usa jagaha para hai| usameM Ananda nAmaka eka sampanna va Adarza gRhasvAmI nivAsa karatA thaa| Ananda kA aizvayaM-gAthApati Ananda bahuta sampanna, pratiSThita aura vaibhavazAlI thaa| jisake pAsa bhavana, ratha, gAr3I, ghor3e, vAhanoM kI bahulatA ho, sonA-cA~dI, hIre, javAharAta Adi bahumUlya AbhUSaNa hoM, pratidina bhojana ke bAda anAthoM va asahAyoM ko bhojana Adi kA dAna karatA ho use jaina sUtroM meM 'gAthApati' kahA gayA hai / Ananda ke pAsa 4 karor3a svarNa (usa samaya kI pracalita mudrA jisa eka mudrA kA taula battIsa ratto hotA hai) khajAne meM, 4 karor3a vyApAra meM va 4 karor3a AbhUSaNoM meM lagA huA thaa| 1. uvAsagadasAo-(saM0) muni madhukara, pRSTha 2

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upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAe~ 29 Ananda ke pAsa cAra vraja the (10 hajAra gAyoM ke samUha ko eka vraja kahate haiM ) usake ina cAroM vrajoM meM gAya, bhaiMsa, ghor3e Adi sabhI pazuoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai / sAmAjika jIvana-Ananda kA samAja meM agragaNya vyaktiyoM meM sthAna thaa| sabhI varga ke logoM dvArA use sammAna milatA thaa| vaha atyanta buddhimAna, milanasAra va parAmarza lene yogya hone se nagara ke rAjA, maMtrI, sArthavAha Adi vyakti bhI vividha kAryoM meM, maMtraNAoM meM, kauTumbika vyavadhAnoM meM, doSa lagane para aneka gupta rahasyoM va bhedoM meM usakI salAha liyA karate the, svayaM apane parivAra ke lie vaha kendra-bindu thaa| usI ko Age rakhakara kauTumbika apanA kArya sampanna karate the| upAsakadazAMga meM kahA gayA hai ___ " x x x meDhI jAvasavvakajjavaDDhAvae yA vi hotthA"' pArivArika jIvana-Ananda ke zivAnandA nAma kI sarvAMga sundara evaM svastha patnI thii| pati-patnI zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha va sparzAdi pAMcoM hI bhogoM ko bhogate hue apanA jIvana vyatIta kara rahe the / Ananda ke pArivArika sambandhI bhI sukhI va aizvarya sampanna the| inake lie mUla grantha meM "aDDhe jAva aparibhUe"2 vAkya prayukta huA hai / mahAvIra kA saujanya-Ananda apane parivAra va sambandhiyoM ke madhya ArAma se jIvana vyatIta kara rahA thA, tadanantara usake manovicAroM ko alaga hI dizA pradAna karane vAlI eka ghaTanA ghaTita huii| saMyogavaza zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra grAmAnugrAma bhramaNa karate hue vANijya-grAma meM padhAre aura vahA~ gA~va ke bAhara bagIce meM biraaje| isa samAcAra ke sunate hI rAjA jitazatru apane zrImantoM va sAmantoM ke sAtha bhagavAna ke darzanArtha AyA, usake sAtha hI gA~va ke aneka saMbhrAnta, pratiSThita evaM Ama nAgarika bhI bhagavAna ke darzanArtha phNce| sabhI nAgarikoM ko jAte dekha Ananda ke mana meM vicAra huA ki mujhe bhI bhagavAna ke darzanArtha jAkara dharmopadeza sunanA cAhie, jisase puNya phala kI prApti ho| aisA vicAra kara Ananda ne snAna kara, upAsanA yogya vastra pahanakara paidala hI vANijyagrAma ke madhya 1. upAsakadazAMza-sUtra (saM0) muni AtmArAma, pRSTha 10 sUtra 5 2. IpAsakadazAMga sUtra (saM0) muni AtmArAma, pRSTha 15 sUtra 8

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana hotA huA dutipalAza caitya meM aayaa| mahAvIra ko tIna bAra pradakSiNA kara vidhipUrvaka vandanA evaM namaskAra kI / mahAvIra ko dharmadezanA-bhagavAna mahAvIra ne upasthita jana samUha ko upadeza diyA aura zramaNa dharma evaM zrAvaka dharma ko vyAkhyA kii| Ananda ko manobhAvanA-bhagavAna kA udbodhana sunakara Ananda ke mana meM atyanta harSa huA aura jina dharma ke prati gaharo zraddhA utpanna huii| vaha bhagavAna ke samakSa upasthita huA aura kahane lagA, he bhagavan ! Apane jo upadeza diyA, vaha satya hai, aura maiM use pUrNa rUpa se aMgIkAra karanA cAhatA hU~, parantu paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa maiM usa pUrNa tyAga meM asamartha hU~, ataH maiM Apake pAsa se gRhastha dharma rUpa bAraha vratoM ko svIkAra karanA cAhatA huuN| bhagavAna ne kahA-he devAnupriya ! jaisA sukhadAyaka ho vaisA hI kro| Ananda dvArA vrata grahaNa-isa prakAra Ananda ne bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA sthUla prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, svadAra saMtoSa, icchA parimANa, upabhoga paribhoga, anarthadaNDa viramaNa, sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika, pauSadhopavAsa va atithisaMvibhAga Adi bAraha vrata grahaNa kiye, apane aizvaryapUrNa jIvana ko maryAdita banAyA tathA vistRta vyApAra, dhana Adi ko tRSNA ko niyantrita kiyaa| sAtaveM upabhoga-paribhoga vrata meM Ananda ne zarIra pochane ke aMgoche, danta dhAvana, phala, mAliza meM kAma meM Ane vAle tela, ubaTana, snAna ke jala, pahanane ke vastra, lepa karane vAlI vastu, puSpa, AbhUSaNa, bhojana, pakavAna, cAvala, dAla, ghRta, zAka, mAdhuraka, vyaMjana, pAnI, mukhavAsa-vidhi kA parimANa kiyA aura anya sabhI vastuoM kA parityAga kara diyaa| ina vratoM ko grahaNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha Ananda ne inameM doSa lagane kI kyA-kyA sambhAvanAeM ho sakatI haiM, unako bhI jAnakArI prApta ko / pratyeka vrata ke bhaMga hone ko cAra sor3hiyA~ hotI haiM- atikrama, vyatikrama, aticAra aura anaacaar| inameM se aticAra kA artha vrata kA AMzika bhaMga hai| pratyeka vrata ke bhagavAna ne pA~ca-pA~ca aticAroM kA bhI jJAna Ananda ko kraayaa| '

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upAsakadazAMga ko viSayavastu aura vizeSatAe~ 31 inhIM ke sAtha zrAvaka ko nahIM karane yogya pandraha karmAdAnoM arthAt niSiddha-vyavasAyoM kI bhI jAnakArI dI aura Ananda ne unheM nahIM karane kI pratIjJA kI / ina vratoM ko grahaNa karane ke bAda gAthApati Ananda aMba Ananda zrAvaka ke rUpa meM prasiddhi pAne lgaa| zivAnandA ko pratibodha - Ananda ne zrAvaka vrata grahaNa karane ke pazcAt zramaNa mahAvIra ko tIna bAra vandana kara apane ghara paha~cA aura apanI patnI ke bAre meM socA-jaisA maiMne uttama mArga apanAyA hai, kyA hI acchA ho ki merI patnI bhI aisA hI kre| isa prakAra vicAra kara usane apanI patnI se kahA ki Aja maiMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana karake unase zrAvaka-vrata -grahaNa kiye haiN| ataH tuma bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara upadeza zravaNa karo tathA sambhava ho to gRhI dharma svIkAra kro| zivAnandA ko Ananda zrAvaka kA kathana uttama aura rucikara lgaa| vaha bhI bhagavAna ne darzanArtha pahuMcI aura dharmadezanA sunakara virakta ho, usane bhI yathAvidhi zrAvikA-dharma svIkAra kara liyaa| isa prakAra Ananda va zivAnandA ne gRhastha dharma ke bAraha vratoM ko grahaNa kiyA isake anantara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vahA~ se vihAra ho gyaa| sAmAjika dAyitva se mukti-isa prakAra Ananda va zivAnandA zrAvakazrAvikA ke dharma kA paripAlana karate hue apanA jIvana vyatIta karane lge| isa taraha caudaha varSa samApta ho gye| pandrahaveM varSa meM eka dina pUrva rAtri meM dharmadhyAna karate hue Ananda zrAvaka ke mana meM yaha saMkalpa huA ki maiM isa nagara ke aneka logoM dvArA sammAnita hU~ tathA unake sukha-duHkha meM bhI hissA letA hU~, isa kAraNa maiM dhArmika kArya meM pUrA samaya nahIM de pAtA hU~, ataH kala sabhI pArivArika janoM, riztedAroM va mitragaNoM ko bulAkara eka prItibhoja ,, aura kuTumba kA bhAra jyeSTha putra ko sauMpakara pauSadhazAlA meM dharmArAdhanA karU / isa saMkalpa ke sAtha hI dUsare dina sabhI mitrajana va pArivArika sadasyoM ko bulA kara Adara-sammAna se bhojana karAkara kahA ki maiM Apa sabhI kA AdhArabhUta hone ke kAraNa dharma kA samyak paripAlana . nahIM kara pAtA haiM ataH maiM jyeSTha putra ko kuTumba kA bhAra sauMpakara dharmAcaraNa karanA cAhatA huuN| sabakI sahamati ke bAda jyeSTha putra ko bhAra sauMpakara

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upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana Ananda ne kahA ki mujhe aba koI kisI bhI kArya ke bAre meM nahIM pUche, nahIM parAmarza kare aura nahIM mere lie azana, pAna taiyAra kare / isa prakAra nirdeza dekara Ananda zrAvaka nirArambha bhojana para rahane lagA / 32 Ananda zrAvaka dvArA pratimA grahaNa kollAka- sanniveza meM sthita poSadhazAlA meM dharmArAdhanA karate hue Ananda kramazaH darzana pratimA, vrata pratimA, sAmAyika pratimA, pauSadha pratimA, kAyotsarga pratimA, brahmacaryaM pratimA, sacittAhAravarjanapratimA, svayaM Arambha-varjanapratimA, bhRtaka preSyAraMbhavajaMnapratimA, udiSThabhaktavarjana pratimA, zramaNabhUtapratimA kI ArAdhanA karane lagA / isa prakAra dIrghakAla taka tapazcaraNa va sAdhanA se usakA zarIra kRza ho gayA evaM usakI naseM dikhAI par3ane lagIM / kaThora tapArAdhanA - isa prakAra kaThora tapa karate hue eka dina Ananda zrAvaka ne socA ki mujhe isase bhI kaThora ArAdhanA karanI cAhie, isalie usane vicAra kiyA ki maiM abhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara mAraNAntika saMllekhaNA svIkAra kara lUM, bhojana pAnI kA pUrNa tyAga kara zAnta-citta se mRtyu kA varaNa karU~ / saMyoga hI thA ki bhagavAna usa samaya vahIM para vicaraNa kara rahe the, isalie usane sabere hI bhagavAna ke pAsa jAkara AmaraNa anazana svIkAra kara liyA / jIvana bharaNa, yazakIrti, aihika bhoga tathA sukha Adi icchAoM se nivRta hokara apanA samaya vyatIta karane lagA / avadhijJAna va gautama kI zaMkA-kucha samaya vyatIta hone para eka dina zubha dhyAga meM lIna va dharma ke gambhIra cintana se avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karmoM ke kSayopazama hone se Ananda zrAvaka ko avadhijJAna utpanna ho gayA / grAmAnugrAma vicarate hue zramaNa mahAvIra vApasa vANijyagrAma meM pdhaare| unake pramukha ziSya gautama bele- bele tapasyA kara rahe the / eka dina vaha bele ke pAraNe kI bhikSA lene nagara meM padhAre aura Ananda zrAvaka ke anazana ke bAre meM sunane para pauSadhazAlA meM darzana dene pahu~ce / Ananda zrAvaka kamajorI ke kAraNa samartha nahIM hone se gautama ko samIpa bulAkara vandanA kI aura pUchA - bhagavan ! kyA gRhastha ko avadhijJAna ho sakatA hai, gautama ke 'hA~' kahane para Ananda zrAvaka ne kahA - to mujhe bhI vaha jJAna ho gayA hai aura

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33 upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAeM meM bhI pUrva kI ora lavaNasamudra meM pAMca sau yojana va adholoka meM naraka (lolupAcyuta) taka dekhane lagA huuN| - yaha sunate hI gautama bole-Ananda ! gRhastha ko avadhijJAna to ho sakatA hai, parantu itanA vizAla nahIM jaisA tuma batA rahe ho, isalie mithyA bhASaNa ke lie tumheM prAyazcitta karanA caahie| Ananda zrAvaka kahane lagA-bhagavan ! kyA jina pravacana meM satya, tathya aura sArabhUta bAtoM ke lie bhI AlocanA kI jAtI hai ? gautama ne kahA-aisA nahIM hotaa| taba Ananda zrAvaka bolA-yadi jina pravacana meM satya kI AlocanA nahIM hotI hai, to Apa svayaM AlocanA kIjiye, kyoMki Apa satya ko nakAra anokhI kSamA-yAcanA-gautama yaha sunakara vicAra meM par3a gaye aura mana meM aneka zaMkAeM lekara mahAvIra svAmI ke pAsa pahu~ce / vandanA kara AhAra-pAnI dikhAkara pUrvokta sabhI ghaTanAeM unheM batAI evaM kahA-anta meM zaMkAzIla hokara maiM Apake pAsa AyA hai| isa para bhagavAna bole-gautama! tuma hI asatya rUpa pApa ke bhAgI ho, ataH tuma hI AlocanA karo aura Ananda zrAvaka se isa sambandha meM kSamA-yAcanA kro| gautama ne ise vinayapUrvaka svIkAra kiyA aura prAyazcitta rUpa meM Ananda zrAvaka se kSamA yAcanA kI, yaha unake udAtta-caritra ko prakaTa karatI hai| Ananda ke jIvana kA upasaMhAra-isa prakAra Ananda zrAvaka sabhI vratoM, pratimAoM ko pAlana karatA huA eka mAsa kI sallekhanA kara samAdhimaraNa ko prApta huaa| marakara vaha saudharma devaloka ke saudharmAvataMsaka mahAvimAna ke IzANakoNa meM sthita aruNa vimAna meM devarUpa meM utpanna huA, jahAM usakI Ayu cAra palyopama batAI gayI hai| 2. kAmadeva dhAvaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM campA nAma kI nagarI thii| vahA~ kAmadeva nAmaka gAthApati nivAsa karatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma . bhadrA thaa|

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana aizvarya - kAmadeva ke pAsa Ananda zrAvaka se bhI adhika sampatti thI / . usake pAsa cha: karor3a hiraNya koSa meM, chaH karor3a vyApAra meM va cha: karor3a ghara ke vaibhava meM lage hue the / kAmadeva ke pAsa chaH vraja the / pratyeka vraja meM dasa hajAra gAyeM thiiN| isa prakAra kAmadeva ke pAsa laukika sAdhanoM kA pracura bhaNDAra thA / 34 dharmArAdhanA kI ora - Ananda kI taraha hI kAmadeva ke jIvana meM bhI nayA mor3a taba AyA jaba zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra vicaraNa karate hue campAnagarI padhAre | Ananda kI taraha kAmadeva bhI bhagavAna mahAvora ke darzanArthaM gayA, vahA~ usane bhI dharmopadeza sunA aura unake dharmopadeza se prabhAvita hokara usane gRhastha dharmarUpa bAraha vrata grahaNa kiye / kaThora tapArAdhanA- kisI samaya kAmadeva ne bhI socA ki mujhe aba pUrNa rUpa se dharmArAdhanA karanI cAhie, isalie saba dAyitva apane jyeSTha putra ko sauMpakara vaha pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara apanA samaya dharmArAdhanA meM vyatIta karane lagA / 1 upasarga - dharmArAdhanA karate hue eka dina kAmadeva ke jIvana meM eka upasargaM AyA / pauSadhazAlA meM madhyarAtri meM eka mAyAvI aura mithyAdRSTi deva upasthita huA / usane kAmadeva ko DarAyA dhamakAyA va vibhinna prakAra ke upasarga upasthita kiye| usane eka atyanta vizAlakAya vikarAla pizAca kA rUpa banAyA, jisakA pratyeka aMga bar3A hI bhayAvaha thA / usane tIkSNa khaDga hAtha meM le rakhA thA aura bhayAnaka zabda karatA huA kAmadeva ke pAsa AyA aura kahane lagA- are kAmadeva ! tU mauta kI icchA kara rahA hai, aura yahA~ pauSadhazAlA meM baiThA hai, kintu Aja yadi tU prauSadhopavAsa ko nahIM chor3egA, to isa talavAra ke dvArA tere Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dUMgA aura tU akAla mauta mara jAyagA / isa prakAra eka, do, tIna bAra kahane para bhI kAmadeva ke mana meM kicit mAtra bhI ghabarAhaTa yA durbhA vanA nahIM AyI, vaha apane Atmacintana meM sthira rUpa se lagA rhaa| taba atyanta kruddha hokara pizAca ne sacamuca hI usa tIkSNa khaDga se kAmadeva ke zarIra para prahAra kiye| aisI ati dAruNa vedanA pAkara bhI kAmadeva avicala va zAnta citta rahA /

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upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAeM hAtho kA upasarga khinna va hatAza hokara mithyAdaSTideva ne proSadhazAlA ke bAhara Akara kAmadeva ko aura adhika kaSTa dene kI socii| aba usane apane vekriya zarIra se hAthI kA rUpa grahaNa kiyaa| vaha hAthI atyanta vizAla, unmatta va DarAvanA thaa| bhayAnaka AvAja karatA huA vaha hAthI kAmadeva zrAvaka ke pAsa AyA aura bolA are kAmadeva ! agara aba bhI tU apane vratoM ko khaNDita nahIM karegA / to maiM tujhe sUMDa meM pakar3a kara prauSadhazAlA ke bAhara le jAU~gA aura tujhe AkAza meM uchAla kara ina tIkSNa dAMtoM para jheluuNgaa| jamIna para paTaka kara pairoM se rodUMgA jisase tU akAla meM hI kAla ke gAla meM calA jAyegA / yaha kaha kara usane kAmadeva ko jaisA kahA vaisA hI kara dikhaayaa| kAmadeva isa para bhI zAntipUrvaka dharmArAdhanA meM lagA rahA aura asahya vedanA ko samabhAva se sahana karatA rhaa| sarpa kA upasarga-do bhayaMkara upasargoM se bhI vicalita nahIM hone se deva ko atyanta krodha aayaa| vaha prauSadhazAlA ke bAhara AyA aura kAmadeva ko aura adhika kaSTa dene ke uddezya se usane vikarAla sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| yaha sarpa ugra viSa, caMDa viSa va ghora viSa vAlA tathA atyanta kAlA va bhayaMkara krodha se bharA huA thaa| kAmadeva ke pAsa pahuMca kara vaha bolA-are kAmadeva zrAvaka! yadi tUne aba bho ina vratoM ko nahIM chor3A to maiM abhI tere zarIra para caDhaMgA aura tujhe jagaha-jagaha Dasa~gA, jisase tU duHkhI hokara mara jaaygaa| aisA kahakara usane apane kathana ko vAstavika rUpa meM kara dikhAyA / kintu kAmadeva zrAvaka kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita nahIM huaa| deva dvArA prazaMsA va kSamAyAcanA-parIkSA ko vibhinna kasauTiyoM se gujarane ke bAda bhI vicalita nahIM hone para deva ne socA yaha vAstava meM zUravIra aura dRr3hapratijJa vAlA hai| isa prakAra socakara deva apane vAstavika rUpa meM Akara kAmadeva se kahane lagA ki he kAmadeva zrAvaka ! tuma 'dhanya ho, tumhArI nirgrantha dharma ke prati zraddhA dar3ha hai, devarAja zakra kI bAta para vizvAsa nahIM karake maiMne ApakI parIkSA kI, ataH Apa mujhe kSamA kreN| isa prakAra kahakara deva jidhara se AyA udhara hI vApasa lauTa gyaa|

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana isa taraha upasarga ko samApta samajhakara kAmadeva zrAvaka ne abhigraha - kA pAraNA kiyA / 36 bhagavAna ke darzana - usa samaya zubha saMyoga se bhagavAna mahAvIra campAnagarI ke bAhara udyAna meM Thahare hue the / kAmadeva zrAvaka ke hRdaya meM bhagavAna ke darzana karane kI icchA huI aura vaha bhI prauSadhazAlA se nikalakara pUrNabhadra caitya meM pahu~cA, vahA~ bhagavAna ke darzana kiye tathA upadeza zravaNa kara vaha tuSTa huA / mahAvIra dvArA kAmadeva kI prazaMsA - upadeza ke bAda zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kAmadeva zramaNopAsaka se pUchA - he kAmadeva ! madhya rAtri meM eka deva dvArA tumheM pizAca, hAthI va sarpa dvArA zilAdi vratoM ko chor3ane ke lie upasarga diye the aura tumhAre dvArA vicalita nahIM hone para vaha vApasa lauTa gayA, kyA yaha sahI hai ? kAmadeva ne ise vinaya pUrvaka svIkAra kiyA / mahAvIra ne samasta sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko kahA -- eka zramaNopAsaka hote hue kAmadeva dharmArAdhanA karane meM itanI dRr3hatA rakha sakatA hai, ataH Apako bhI aisI dRr3hatA rakhanI caahie| tatpazcAt kAmadeva bhagavAna ko vandana- namaskAra karake vApasa lauTa AyA / pratimA grahaNa va devaloka gamana - - aba kAmadeva zrAvaka meM AtmakalyANa kI bhAvanA tIvra se tIvratara hone lagI / usane zrAvaka pratimA vrata svIkAra kara liyA / 20 varSa taka zrAvaka-paryAya pAlate hue evaM gyAraha upAsaka pratimAoM ko grahaNa karate hue usane mAsika sallekhanA dhAraNa kara samAdhipUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA / aruNAbha vimAna meM deva rUpa meM utpanna huA, jahA~ usakI Ayu cAra palyopama kI batAI gayI hai / 3. culanopitA mahAvIra ke kAla meM vArANasI nAma kI nagarI thii| vahAM koSThaka nAmaka caitya thA / usa vArANasI meM culanIpitA nAmakA gAthApati nivAsa karatA thA / usakI patnI kA nAma zyAmA thaa| usake pAsa apAra dhana-sampatti thI / ATha karor3a koSa meM, ATha karor3a vyApAra meM aura ATha karor3a mudrAe~ ghara ke vaibhava meM lagI huI thIM / arthAt usakI sampatti Ananda va kAmadeva kI apekSA bhI adhika thii| usake pAsa dasa hajAra gAyoM ke pratyeka gokula

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upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAe~ 37 ke hisAba se ATha gokula the| isa prakAra culanIpitA atyanta samRddha va vaibhavazAlI thaa| mahAvIra kA Agamana va nivRtti-eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vArANasI meM padhAranA huA to culanopitA ne bhI dharmopadeza sunA aura virakta hokara usane bhI zrAvaka-dharma svIkAra kara liyaa| vaha prauSadhazAlA meM prauSadha ko svIkAra karake dharmArAdhanA karane lgaa| upasarga eva nivAraNa-sAdhanA ke daurAna madhya rAtri ko jaba culanIpitA dharmArAdhanA meM lIna thA, taba eka deva prakaTa huA aura pIr3A pahu~cAne ke udadezya se usane kahA ki are culanIpitA! yadi tUne vrata bhaMga nahIM kiyA to tere bar3e lar3ake ko lAkara usake Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dU~gA, use tela ko kar3AhI meM pakAuMgA va usake khUna se tumheM chIMTe duuNgaa| jisase tuma duHkhI hokara mara jaaoge| do-tIna bAra isI prakAra kahane para bhI jaba culanIpitA dhyAnastha rahA taba deva ne jaisA kahA vaisA kiyA, parantu culanIpitA ne use zAMta bhAva se sahana kiyaa| isa para kraddha hokara deva ne usake dUsare va tIsare putra ko bhI isI prakAra mAra DAlA, taba bhI culanIpitA zAnta citta rhaa| mAtA ke vadha kI dhamako-tInoM putroM kI hatyA ke bAda deva ne kahA ki are culanIpitA ! yadi aba tU apane vrata ko nahIM chor3egA to terI mAtA bhadrA sArthavAhI ko yahA~ lAkara teja talavAra se Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dUMgA aura unakA khUna bhI tere zarIra para chitraauuNgaa| vrata ko skhalanA-mA~, jo pUjya va vandanIya hotI hai usake sambandha meM aisA sunakara culanIpitA ne socA ki devatA samAna merI mA~ ko yaha mAranA cAhatA hai ataH maiM ise pakar3a luuN| yaha socakara vaha uThA aura deva ko pakar3ane kA prayatna kiyA to usake hAtha meM khaMbhA A gayA aura vaha jora-jora se cillAne lgaa| culanIpitA dvArA cillAne kI AvAja sunakara usakI mAtA ne Akara pUchA ki tuma isa taraha se kyoM cillA rahe ho? vratoM meM punaH sthira honA-culanIpitA dvArA pUrva kA vRttAnta kahane para bhadrA mAtA ne samajhAyA ki tumhAre putroM ko koI nahIM lAyA hai aura

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizolana nahIM kisI ne mArA hai aura mujhe bhI kucha nahIM huA hai| tumane yaha saba deva mAyA dekhI hai / isa taraha cillAne se tumhAre vratoM meM kSoNatA AI hai, ataH aba tuma isakA prAyazcitta kro| yaha sunakara culanIpitA ko bahuta duHkha huA, usane prAyazcitta kiyA aura punaH vratoM meM sthira ho gyaa| pratimAgrahaNa-aba culanIpitA ne zrAvakoM kI gyAraha pratimAe~ grahaNa kara lI aura vaha AtmAnuzAsana meM lIna hotA gyaa| kaThora tapazcaraNa aura bIsa varSa taka zrAvaka-dharma kA pAlana karatA huA eka mAsa kI sallekhanA kara usane apanI Ayu pUrNa kI aura aruNAbha vimAna meM deva rUpa meM utpanna huaa| 4. surAdeva vArANasI nagarI meM surAdeva nAmakA gAthApati rahatA thaa| surAdeva samRddhi aura vaibhava se paripUrNa thaa| usake pAsa chaH karor3a svarNa khajAne meM, chaH karor3a svarNa vyApAra meM evaM cha: karoDa svarNa ghara ke vaibhava meM lage the| vaha dasa-dasa hajAra gAyoM vAle chaH gokuloM kA svAmI thA / vratoM ko svIkAranA eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra vArANasI padhAre / surAdeva ne bhagavAna kA upadeza zravaNa kiyA tathA upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara zrAvaka vrata grahaNa kiye| kramazaH surAdeva kI dharmArAdhanA bar3hatI gii| upasarga va surAdeva kA patana--eka rAtri ko surAdeva jaba proSadhanata kI upAsanA meM lIna thA, vahA~ eka deva prakaTa huaa| usake hAtha meM tIkSNa talavAra thI, usane use bahuta DarAyA-dhamakAyA aura usake tInoM putroM ko culanIpitA ke putroM kI taraha mArA-kATA evaM kar3AhI meM ubAlA, phira bhI surAdeva upAsanA meM hI saMlagna rhaa| taba deva ne kahA, surAdeva ! yadi tuma dharmArAdhanA nahIM chor3oge, to maiM tumhAre zarIra meM solaha roga utpanna kara dUMgA jisase tuma khA~sI, kor3ha Adi se grasita hokara mara jaaoge| ye vacana sunakara surAdeva ne use pakar3a'. lene kI socI aura vaha isake liye uThA to deva tatkAla AkAza meM ur3a gayA evaM usake hAtha meM khambhA A gayA, jise pakar3akara vaha jora-jora se cillAne lgaa|

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upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastuM aura vizeSatAe~ patnI kI preraNA-isa kolAhala ko sunakara dhanyA nAma kI usakI patnI vahA~ AI aura pUchA-Apa isa taraha se kyoM cillA rahe haiM ? sampUrNa vRttAnta sunane para dhanyA ne kahA ki Apake sabhI putra sakuzala haiN| yaha to devatAjanya upasarga thA jisase bhayabhIta hokara Apane apanA vrata khaNDita kara liyA, isalie aba Apako prAyazcitta karake doSamukta honA caahie| yaha sunakara surAdeva ne prAyazcitta kiyA aura punaH dharmArAdhanA meM saMlagna ho gyaa| devalokagamana-surAdeva ne bIsa varSa taka dharmArAdhanA karate hue zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana kiyA / gyAraha pratimAoM ko grahaNa kiyA va eka mAsa kI sallekhanA grahaNa kara samAdhipUrvaka deha tyAga kiyA tathA saudharma devaloka meM aruNAbha vimAna meM devarUpa meM utpanna huaa| 5. cullazataka __ mahAvIra ke samaya uttarabhArata meM AlabhikA nAma kI nagarI thI, nagarI ke pAsa zaMkhavana nAmaka udyAna thaa| usa nagarI meM cullazataka nAma kA eka gAthApati rahatA thaa| usake pAsa bhI chaH karor3a svarNa khajAne meM, chaH karor3a vyApAra meM aura chaH karor3a ghara ke vaibhava meM lage huye the| usake pAsa dasa-dasa hajAra gAyoM vAle chaH gokula the| isa prakAra callazataka bhI samRddhi se yukta thaa| grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra AlabhikA nagarI padhAre / callazataka darzanArtha gayA aura upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara zrAvaka-dharma ko aMgIkAra kiyaa| upasarga-eka rAtri sAdhanAkAla ke anantara eka deva talavAra lekara prauSadhazAlA meM AyA aura kahane lagA, he zramaNopAsaka ! yadi tU zilAdi vratoM ko nahIM chor3egA to tere putroM ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dUMgA evaM rudhira se tere Upara chir3akAva kruuNgaa| isa para cullazataka zAnta rhaa| taba deva ne cauthI bAra kahA-he cullazataka ! yadi aba bhI tUne vratoM ko nahIM chor3A to tumhArI saba dhana-sampatti ko AlabhikA kI sar3akoM va caurAhoM para bikhera dUMgA jisase tU daridra ho jAyagA aura usase duHkhI hokara mara jaayegaa| vatoM se patana va punaHsthApana-do-cAra bAra isa prakAra kahane para cullazataka ne socA ki dhana hai to saba kucha hai, dhana ke binA kucha bhI nahIM

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana hai, ataH ise aisA karane se pahale hI roka lenA caahiye| aisA socakara use pakar3ane ke lie jyoMhi usane hAtha bar3hAyA to usake hAtha meM khaMbhA A gayA aura vaha jora-jora se cillAne lgaa| yaha sunakara usakI patnI bahulA vahAM para AI aura sArI bAta sunakara usane kahA ki yaha to deva upasarga thA, jisase Apa vicalita ho gaye, ataH Apa prAyazcitta kara Atmazodhana kareM | cullazataka ne vesA ho kiyA / devalokagamana-vratArAdhanA karate hue cullazataka 20 varSa paryanta zrAvaka-dharma kA pAlana karatA rahA / gyAraha pratimAoM ko dhAraNa kiyaa| eka mAsa kI sallekhanA kI aura dehatyAga kara aruNasiddha vimAna meM deva rUpa meM utpanna huaa| 6. kuNDakaulika mahAvIra ke samaya kAmpilyapura nagara thaa| yaha kAmpilyapura vartamAna meM uttarapradeza meM bUDhI gaMgA ke kinAre badAyUM va pharUkhAbAda ke bIca sthita kampila nAmaka gA~va ke rUpa meM hai| usake bAhara sahasrAmra vana thaa| usa nagara meM kuNDakaulika nAmaka prasiddha gAthApati rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma pUSA thaa| kuNDakolika ke pAsa chaH karor3a svarNa koSa meM, cha: karor3a vyApAra meM, cha: karor3a ghara ke vaibhava meM lagA huA thA, pratyeka dasa hajAra gAyoM se yukta chaH gokula usake pAsa alaga se the| eka samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kAmpilyapura nagarI ke bAhara caitya meM pdhaare| kuNDakaulika bhI bhagavAna ke darzanArtha AyA va pratibodhita hokara zrAvakadharma grahaNa kiyaa| dharmArAdhanA-eka dina kuNDakaulika azoka vATikA meM gayA, vahAM apane vastrAbhUSaNa utAra kara pRthvIzilA-paTTa para rakhe evaM svayaM dharmaprajJapti kI ArAdhanA karane lgaa| deva dvArA parIkSA-kucha samaya bAda vahA~ eka deva prakaTa huA, usane vaha vastrAbhUSaNa uThA liye evaM AkAza mArga meM sthita hokara kahane lagA, ki gozAlaka ke siddhAnta bahuta sundara hai| jo kucha honA hai vaha nizcita hai tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAnta nirarthaka haiM, gozAlaka ke anusAra puruSArtha vyartha hai aura yahI vicAra uttama hai|

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upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastuM aura vizeSatAe~ 41 niyativAda kA khaNDana -- taba kuNDakaulika bolA, deva ! eka bAta * batAo - tumane jo yaha rUpa, vaibhava, kAnti va labdhiyAM pAyI haiM, kyA ise prayatna va puruSArtha ke binA prApta kara liyA hai ? taba deva ne kahA- mujhe yaha - saba binA prayatna milA hai / taba kuNDakaulika ne uttara diyA- to jo prANI 'puruSArthaM nahIM karate, ve deva kyoM nahIM hue aura yadi prayatna va puruSArtha se milA hai to mahAvIra ke siddhAnta, jisameM puruSArtha va prayatna kA vizeSa mahattva hai, unheM mithyA kaise kaha sakate ho ? deva kI parAjaya - isa para deva niruttara hokara vastrAbhUSaNa vahIM rakhakara vApasa lauTa gayA / kucha samaya bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra kAmpilyapura pdhaare| kuNDakaulika bhI dharmopadezanA sunane gayA / mahAvIra dvArA prazaMsA - mahAvIra ne kuNDakaulika se usa deva ghaTanA ke bAre meM pUchA ki kyA yaha saca hai ? to kuNDakaulika ne ise vinayapUrvaka svIkAra kiyA / vahA~ upasthita sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko preraNA dene hetu mahAvIra ne kuNDakolika ko prazaMsA kI aura kahA ki gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue bhI kuNDakaulika itanA tattvavettA hai, ataH Apa bhI isase preraNA leM / ugrasAdhanA - dhIre-dhIre kuNDakaulika kI sAdhanA ke prati ruci bar3hatI gayI aura vaha umra se ugra sAdhanA karane lagA / pandrahaveM varSa meM apane jyeSTha ko putra gRhabhAra sauMpakara vaha sarva rUpa se sAdhanA karane meM laga gayA / usane gyAraha pratimAoM ko svIkAra kiyaa| eka mAsa kA sallekhanA kara samAdhipUrvaka deha tyAga kiyA aura aruNadhvaja vimAna meM devarUpa meM utpanna huA / 7. sakaDAlaputra mahAvIra ke kAla meM polAsapura nAmaka nagara thA / vahA~ nagara ke bAhara sahasrAsra nAmaka udyAna thA / isI nagara meM AjIvaka mata kA anuyAyI sakaDAlaputra nAmaka kumbhakAra rahatA thA / sakaDAlaputra ke pAsa eka karor3a suvarNa ghara ke koSa meM, eka karor3a vyApAra meM va eka karor3a ghara ke vaibhava meM lagA huA thA / dasa hajAra gAyoM kA eka gokula thA / sakaDAlaputra ko patnI kA nAma agnimitrA thA / vyavasAya - sakaDAlaputra ke polAsapura nagara ke bAhara pA~ca sau ApaNa the / usakA mukhya vyavasAya miTTI ke bartana banAkara becanA thA / usake pAsa

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42 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana aneka vaitanika karmacArI kArya karate the jo bartana ko nagara ke caurAhoM evaM galiyoM meM becate the| - dharmArAdhanA va deva dvArA sambodhana- eka dina sakaDAlaputra azoka vATikA meM jAkara apanI mAnyatAnusAra dharmArAdhanA kara rahA thA, vahA~ eka deva prakaTa huA aura kahane lagA, he sakaDAlaputra! kala yahA~ mahAmAhana, apratihata jJAna-darzana ke dhAraka, jina kevalI, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, triloka pUjita muni pdhaareNge| tuma unakI paryupAsanA karanA va sthAna, pATa Adi ke lie Amantrita krnaa| sakaDAlaputra ne socA-mere dharmAcArya maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kala yahA~ AyeMge / ve kevalI haiM, ataH maiM nizcaya hI unakI paryupAsanA kruuNgaa| dUsare dina bhagavAna mahAvIra sahasrAmra udyAna meM padhAre / sakaDAlaputra bhI darzanArtha gyaa| mahAvIra ne sabako dharmopadeza diyA aura sakaDAlaputra ko sulabhabodhi jAnakara preraNA dene ke uddezya se kahA-ki kala jisa deva ne tumheM jisake Agamana kI sUcanA dI, usakA abhiprAya mujhase thaa| isa parokSa jJAna se sakaDAlaputra atyanta prabhAvita huA aura mahAvIra ko bartana, pAtra Adi ke lie Amantrita kiyA, jise bhagavAna ne svIkAra kiyaa| niyati va puruSArtha bhagavAna mahAvIra jAnate the ki sakaDAlaputra kI AsthA abhI bhI gozAlaka meM hai, isaliye eka dina sadbodha dene ke uddezya se bhagavAna usakI dukAna se bAhara sUkha rahe bartanoM ko dekhakara pUchA-ye bartana kaise bane ? sakaDAlaputra bolA-bhagavan ! pahale miTTI lAI gayI, pAnI meM bhigoyA gayA, cAka para car3hAkara inheM banAyA gyaa| bhagavAna bole-ye prayatna aura puruSArtha se bane haiM yA nahIM ? sakaDAlaputra bolA-bhagavan ! ye bartana aprayatna va apuruSArtha se bane haiM, kyoMki jo kucha hotA hai vaha nizcita hai| mahAvIra ne kahA-mAna lo koI tumhAre bartana curA le, tor3a de, tumhArI : strI ke sAtha balAtkAra kare taba tuma kyA karoge ? sakaDAlaputra bolAmaiM use mArUMgA, pITaMgA aura yahA~ taka ki maiM use katla bhI kara duuNgaa| mahAvIra ne kahA-kyoM ? yaha to saba niyata thA isalie yaha to honA hI

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upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAe~ 43 thA aura tuma to usI ko mAnate ho / kintu yadi tuma kaho ki prayatnapUrvaka udyama se aisA hotA hai to tumhArA niyativAda mithyA hai, galata hai| bhadra prakRti kA sakaDAlaputra vAstavikatA ko samajha kara puruSArtha meM vizvAsa karane lgaa| usane bhagavAna se gRhastha dharma ko svIkAra kara liyA, sAtha hI apanI patnI agnimitrA ko bhI zrAvikA-dharma grahaNa karane kI preraNA dii| gozAlaka kA Agamana va upekSA-gozAlaka ne jaba yaha sunA to vaha polAsapUra Akara sakaDAlapUtra se milA / sakaDAlaputra se AdarasatkAra nahIM pAkara usane eka yukti nikaalii| usane mahAvIra kI guNastuti cAlU kara dI, jise sakaDAlapUtra nahIM samajha sakA aura ziSTatAvaza anurodha kiyA ki Apa mere se Avazyaka vastueM grahaNa kareM / samaya-samaya para gozAlaka ne use badalane ke aneka prayAsa kiye para hara bAra sakaDAlaputra ne vivekayukta hokara use niruttara kara diyA / hatAza ho, gozAlaka vahAM se vihAra kara gyaa| upasarga-isa taraha dharmArAdhanA karate hue pandrahaveM varSa kI eka rAtri meM upasarga dene kI niyata se sakaDAlaputra ko eka deva ne Akara kahA-tU vrata chor3a de, nahIM to tere tInoM putroM ko mAra duuNgaa| isa dhamakI para vicalita nahIM hotA dekha usane unheM mAra-mAra kara unake rudhira ke chITe sakaDAlaputra ke zarIra para diye / phira bhI sakaDAlaputra zAnta rhaa| aba deva ne usakI patnI agnimitrA ko mAra DAlane kI dhamakI do / taba sakaDAlaputra ne ise pakar3a lene kI socI, deva mAyA meM kauna kise pakar3atA ? khambhA hAtha meM pakar3a kara vaha jora-jora se cillAne lagA, taba agnimitrA ne Akara use pUnaH dharma meM sthira kiyaa| aMtima samaya ke eka mAsa kI sallekhanA se samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyA aura aruNabhUta vimAna meM deva rUpa meM utpanna haa| 8. mahAzataka __ mahAvIra ke samaya meM rAjagRha nAmaka nagara thaa| rAjagRha ke bAhara guNazIla caitya thaa| usa samaya nagara meM mahAzataka nAma kA gAthApati rahatA thaa| usake pAsa kAMsya sahita ATha karor3a svarNa ghara ke koSa meM, ATha karor3a vyApAra meM va ATha karor3a ghara ke vaibhava meM lage hue the| usake pAsa ATha gokula the| usake revatI Adi teraha patniyAM thiiN| ve sabhI sampanna va dhanADhya thiiN| revatI ke pitRkula se ATha karor3a svarNa mudrA evaM ATha gokula prApta hue the|

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44 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana zeSa bAraha se eka karor3a svarNa mudrA va eka gokula prApta thaa| yaha sampatti mahAzataka kI svayaM kI sampatti ke atirikta thii| - mahAvIra dvArA dharmopadeza-eka samaya zramaNa mahAvIra rAjagRha pdhaare| mahAzataka ne mahAvIra ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata grahaNa kiye tathA kAMsya sahita ATha-ATha karor3a svarNa mudrAeM evaM teraha patniyoM ko rakhane kI maryAdA rkhii| isa prakAra vaha zrAvaka banakara jIvAjIva kA jAnakara hokara vicarane lgaa| revatI kA kara vicAra-mahAzataka kI makhya patnI revatI atyanta dhanADhya va vilAsI prakRti kI thii| usake dila meM kAma-bhoga kI tIvra abhilASA banI rahatI thii| eka bAra rAtri meM usake mana meM vicAra AyA ki maiM apanI bAraha sautoM kI hatyA kara dUM, tAki maiM ekamAtra sampatti kI svAminI banakara svecchAnusAra bhoga bhoga sakU~ / ___ kAryarUpa meM pariNati-jahA~ cAha hotI hai vahAM rAha nikala jAtI hai / revatI ne apanI maMzA pUrNa kara hI lI aura AnandapUrvaka mahAzataka ke sAtha bhoga-bhogane lgii| isa tIvra lAlasA ke kAraNa usameM aneka duSpravRttiyAM janma lene lgii| vaha mAMsa-madirA meM lolupa rahane lgii| eka samaya aisA AyA jaba rAjagRha meM pazuoM kI hiMsA nahIM karane ko ghoSaNA huI, jisase revatI ko mAMsa upalabdha honA banda ho gyaa| pitRgRha dvArA viSayAsakti ko pUrti-'amAri-prathA' lAgU hone para revatI ne apanI kSudhA kI pUrti ke lie pitRgRha ke puruSoM ko bulAkara kahA ki mere pitRgRha se do bachar3e roja mAra kara lAyA kro| aisA guptarUpa se hone lagA aura vaha viSayAsakti meM lipta hotI gyii| mahAzataka kI sthiti-mahAzataka nirantara dharmArAdhanA meM lagA rahatA thA / vrata niyamoM kA pAlana karate hue isa taraha caudaha varSa vyatIta ho gye| mahAzataka apanA kArya jyeSTha putra ko sauMpakara prauSadhazAlA meM rahane lgaa| kAmoddIpta revatI kA prauSadhazAlA pahu~canA-eka dina zarAba ke naze meM kAmoddIpta revato mahAzataka ke pAsa prauSadhazAlA meM phuNcii| AkarSaka zRMgAra se yukta ho vaha kahane lagI ki tuma mujhe chor3akara yahAM tapa kara rahe ho / isa

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upAsaka dazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAe~ tapa se bhI tumheM kyA phala milegA ? mere sAtha calo aura jIvana ko bhoga kara tRpta hoo| 45. mahAzataka dvArA pratimA grahaNa - mahAzataka ne ina bAtoM para koI dhyAna nahIM diyA aura vaha dharmArAdhanA meM lagA rhaa| bAra-bAra kahane para bhI mahAzataka dvArA mauna rahane para nirAza hokara revatI vahAM se calo gayI / mahAzataka apanA sAdhanA krama tIvra karate hue kramazaH gyAraha pratimAoM ko grahaNa kiyA / avadhijJAna - kaThina tapazcaryA se mahAzataka kI AtmA zuddha hotI gayI, karma raja kSINa hote gaye aura isa krama meM mahAzataka ko avadhijJAna utpanna ho gayA / revatI dvArA punaH upasarga - avadhijJAna ke bAda revatI eka dina punaH vahAM para AyI aura viSaya vAsanA meM ramaNa karane ke lie kahane lagI / jaba bAra-bAra revatI duzceSTA karane lagI to mahAzataka ne revatI kA bhaviSya avadhijJAna se dekhA aura kahA- tU sAta dina meM asAdhya pIr3A pAtI huI mara jAyagI aura caurAsI hajAra varSa kI Ayu-sthiti vAlI naraka meM utpanna hogI / revatI kA maraNa va narakogamana - yaha bAta sunakara bhaya se kAMpatI huI revatI ghara gayI / aba mauta ke khaupha se vaha ghabarAne lagI aura Akhira sAta dina ke andara andara vaha alasa roga se pIr3ita hokara mara gayI evaM lolupacyuta naraka meM jAkara utpanna huI / mahAvIra kA Agamana va prAyazcitta-saMyogavaza bhagavAna mahAvora rAjagRha pdhaare| unhoMne gautama se kahA ki mahAzataka zrAvaka se bhUla ho gayI hai / sallekhanAyukta zrAvaka ko aise satya vacanoM ko nahIM kahanA cAhie jo apriya yA dUsaroM ko kaSTadAyaka ho / ataH mahAzataka ko isake lie prAyazcitta karAo / gautama isa bAta ko kahane mahAzataka ke pAsa Aye aura mahAvIra kA sandeza khaa| mahAzataka ne use vinayapUrvaka svIkAra kara prAyazcitta kiyaa| isake bAda vaha kaThora sAdhanA se AtmavikAsa karatA gayA evaM eka mAsa kI sallekhanA grahaNa kara aruNAvataMsaka vimAna meM deva rUpa se utpanna huA /

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46 9. nandinopitA mahAvIra ke kAla meM zrAvastI nagara meM nandinIpitA nAma kA eka gAthApati rahatA thA / usake pAsa bAraha karor3a svarNa mudrAoM se yukta sampatti thI / usakI bhAryA kA nAma azvinI thA / eka bAra mahAvora zrAvastI nagarI padhAre / nandinIpitA ne mahAvIra ke dharmopadeza se prabhAvita hokara gRhastha dharma svIkAra kiyA / upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana nandinI pitA ne zrAvaka - vratoM kI sAdhanA ke dvArA uttarottara AtmavikAsa kara bIsa varSa taka zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana kiyA / anta meM kuTumba bhAra apane jyeSTha putra ko sauMpakara dharmArAdhanA meM pUrNa rUpa se saMlagna ho gayA aura samAdhi maraNa se yukta hokara aruNagava vimAna meM utpanna huA / 10. sAlihopitA sthAnAgaMsUtra meM isakA nAma lekiyApitA prApta hotA hai / " zrAvastI meM sAlihApitA nAma kA dhanADhya gAthApati rahatA thA / usakI patnI kA nAma phAlguno thA / usake pAsa bhI bAraha karor3a svarNa mudrAeM thI tathA cAra gokula the / mahAvIra ke zrAvastI meM padArpaNa para usane bho gRhastha dharma svIkAra kara liyA | caudaha varSa taka dharmArAdhanA ke bAda adhika dharmArAdhanA karane ke uddezya se apane jyeSTha putra ko ghara kA bhAra sauMpa kara dharmopAsanA meM laga gayA / upasarga upasthita nahIM hone se sthira citta ho samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyA / vaha aruNakIya vimAna meM deva rUpa meM utpanna huA / viSaya-vastu ko vizeSatAe~ upAsakadazAMga kI kathAvastu kA saMkSipta avalokana karane se usameM katipaya aisI vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara hoto haiM jo upAsakadazAMgasUtra ko anya sUtroM se bhinna rUpa meM pradarzita karatA hai / aisI kucha vizeSatAe~ isa prakAra haiM : 1. kathAnaka ke caritroM ko utthApanA evaM vikAsa - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM vibhinna upAsakoM ke caritroM kA udAtta varNana pAyA jAtA hai / isameM puruSa va strI donoM prakAra ke caritra haiM / Ananda va kAmadeva jaise zrAvaka 1. ThANaM - muni nathamala, pRSTha 1005

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upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAeM 47 haiM to zivAnandA va agnimitrA jaisI zrAvikAe~ bhI haiN| mahAvIra jaise zramaNa dharma ke nAyaka haiM to gautama jese ziSya bhI haiN| yahI nahIM, isameM AtmasAdhanA meM saMlagna zrAvaka haiM to revatI jaisI viSayavAsanA meM tallIna strI bhI hai| sabake caritroM kI utthApanA va vikAsa isa taraha se huA hai ki usase zrAvakAcAra kI mahattA spaSTataH ujAgara hotI hai | mahAvIra ke caritra vikAsa kI carama sImA isa bAta se prakaTa hotI hai ki mahAvIra ke virodhI gozAlaka ko bhI mahAvIra ke bAre meM kahanA par3atA hai ki mahAvIra mahAgopa, mahAsArthavAha evaM mahAmAhana hai| isa prakAra ke vizeSaNoM kA prayoga vyakti ke cahuMmukhI vikAsa ko prakaTa karatA hai / Ananda, kAmadeva Adi zrAvakoM ne gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue bhI aNuvrata, guNavrata, zikSAvratoM ko grahaNa kara caritra ko svayaM vikasita kiyA, sAtha hI apanI bhAryAoM ko bhI Atma-vikAsa karane ke lie protsAhita kiyA / ' yaha sthiti zrAvakoM ke sva-kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha para-kalyANa kI dRSTi ko bhI spaSTa karatI hai| sAmAjika vyavasthA sucAru rUpa se cale isake lie Ananda Adi zrAvakoM ne vrata grahaNa karane ke bAda bhI vastuoM kI maryAdA nizcita ko / yaha maryAdA isalie nizcita kI gayI tAki una para Azrita vyaktiyoM ko kaSTa nahIM phNce| vyakti sarala va vinayI ho, isake lie gautama ne Ananda zrAvaka ke avadhijJAna ke viSaya meM saMzaya hone para kSamA-yAcanA kii| sAdhu dvArA zrAvaka se kSamAyAcanA karanA caritra ke caramotkarSa vikAsa ko pradarzita karatA hai| zrAvakoM ne AcAra dharma kI pAlanA karate hue apane caritra ko itanA udAtta banA diyA aura vibhinna upasargoM kI vedanA ko isa prakAra samabhAva pUrvaka sahA ki samaya-samaya para svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko bhI unakI prazaMsA karanI par3o aura apane ziSya-parivAra ko unase preraNA grahaNa karane ko kahanA pdd'aa| yaha isa tathya ko pramANita karatA hai ki unake caritra kA vikAsa kitanI U~cAI taka ho gayA thaa| zrAvakoM ko avadhijJAna kI upalabdhi honA evaM mRtyu ke uparAnta unakA devalokagamana 1. uvAsagadasAo-(saM0) muni madhukara, sUtra 1/12, 1/58, 2/92 2. vahI, 1/17 se 1/42 taka 3. uvAsagadazAo-(saM0) muni madhukara, 1/87

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana bhI yaha batAtA hai ki upAsakadazAMga meM ye caritra AtmavikAsa kI caramasthiti meM pahuMca gaye the| 2. parivAra meM rahakara AtmakalyANa-upAsakadazAMgasUtra se spaSTa hai ki vyakti parivAra va samAja meM rahakara bhI parama Atma-tattva ko prApta kara sakatA hai / siddha avasthA meM jAne ke lie sAdhu honA jarUrI nahIM hai| upAsakadazAMga kI mUla vizeSatA hI zramaNa-jIvana ke samakakSa zrAvakajIvana ko khar3A karanA hai| gautama dvArA Ananda zrAvaka ke avadhijJAna meM saMzaya prakaTa karanA yaha batAtA hai ki zrAvaka sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se sarvotkRSTa siddhi prApta nahIM ho sakatI, kintu Ananda ne ise nirAdhAra kara diyA aura zramaNoM ke samakakSa zrAvakoM ko khar3A hone kA pramANa diyaa| upAsanA-rata zrAvaka bhI kaThora tapArAdhanA kara sakatA hai' aura tapArAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha anukUla va pratikUla upasargoM va pariSahoM meM vijaya pA sakatA hai / kAmadeva zrAvaka ne devakRta pizAca rUpa upasarga Ane para bhI anta taka dRr3hatA rkhii|2 culanIpitA, surAdeva, cullazataka va sakaDAlaputra ne devakRta upasargoM ko sahA bhI aura skhalita bhI hue kintu punaH prAyazcitta karake dharmArAdhanA meM pravRtta hue / mahAzataka zrAvaka ko svayaM kI patnI revatI dvArA kAmabhogoM meM pravRtta hone kA nimaMtraNa denA evaM vibhinna kAmottejaka hAva-bhAvoM dvArA DigAne kI ceSTA karane para bhI vaha apane vrata meM dRr3ha rhaa| yaha saba bAteM kathAnaka kI isa vizeSatA kI ora saMketa karatI hai ki vyakti parivAra meM rahakara bhI Atma kalyANa kara sakatA hai| 3. viSayavastu kA sAhityika svarUpa-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM viSayavastu meM sajIvatA lAne ke lie alaMkArika va camatkArika zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kAmadeva nAmaka dUsare adhyAya meM pizAca, hAthI va sarpa kA varNana hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki pizAca kA sira gAya ko cArA dene kI TokarI jaisA thA, A~kheM maTakI jaisI thI, hAthoM kI aMguliyA 1. uvAsakadasAo-(saM0) muni madhukara, 1/72 2. vahI, 2/111 3. vahI, 8/246-247

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upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu aura vizeSatAe~ loDhI ke samAna thI aura paira dAla Adi pisane kI zilA ke sadRza the| hAthI ke rUpa kA varNana karate hae batAyA gayA hai ki vaha Age se U~cA va pIche se sUara ke samAna jhukA huA thA, usakI saMr3a va hoMTha lambe the| mu~ha se bAhara nikale dA~ta bele kI adhakhilI kalI ke samAna sapheda the| vaha bAdaloM kI taraha garaja rahA thaa| sA~pa ko syAhI va mUsa-dhAtu galAne ke pAtra jaisA kAlA batAyA gayA hai / usakI vajaha se vaha pRthvI kI veNI ke sadRza lagatA thA / deva ke rUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki deva mAMgalika pozAka, uttama mAlAoM va vividha vilepana se yukta thaa| devocita varNa, gaMdha, rUpa, sparza kA dhAraka vaha deva mana meM basa jAne vAle divyarUpa vAlA thaa| isa prakAra ke varNana se jahA~ kathAnaka kI bhASA meM sauSThava paidA huA hai vahIM usameM pravAha kSamatA bhI bar3hI hai, jisase kathAnaka sajIva ho gayA hai aura aisA lagatA hai ki samasta upasarga svayaM apanI A~khoM ke sAmane ghaTita ho rahe haiN| viSayavastu kA yaha sAhityika svarUpa upAsakadazAMgasUtra ko sAhityika vizeSatAoM se yukta kRti siddha karatA hai| 4. kathAvastu meM tAkika saMvAdoM kA prayoga-kathAvastu meM vibhinna prasaMgoM para saMvAdoM kA prayoga kathAnaka ko puSTa karane evaM use gati dene ke lie hue haiN| aise saMvAdoM meM Ananda va gautama, kuNDakolika aura deva, sakaDAlaputra evaM mahAvIra tathA sakaDAlaputra va gozAlaka ke saMvAda mukhya haiN| ye saMvAda jahA~ jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA karate haiM vahIM AtmotthAna kI prakriyA ko puSTa karane ke sAdhana-hapa bhI hote haiN| Atma kalyANa ke lie kauna-sA mArga samIcIna hai aura kauna-sA nahIM hai, yaha tathya bhI ina saMvAdoM se suspaSTa hotA hai| kucha saMvAda vibhinna zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna se sambandhita bhI haiN| ina saba saMvAdoM meM eka bAta sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai aura vaha hai-ina saba saMvAdoM meM pAtroM dvArA apane-apane tarkoM se apanI bAta ko prAmANika karane kI ceSTA krnaa| aise prayAsa meM yaha saMvAda tArkikazailI se ota-prota bhI hai aura dArzanika svarUpa se alaMkRta bhii| isa vizeSatA ke phalasvarUpa upAsakadazAMgasUtra zrAvakAcAra kA eka pramukha grantha bana gayA hai|

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50 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana kathAnakoM meM mAnava manovijJAna kA samAveza-upAsakadazAMgasUtra kI vibhinna kathAoM meM mAnava manovijJAna kA saphala citraNa huA hai| isase yaha patA calatA hai ki eka pAtra dUsare pAtra ko apane anukUla banAne ke lie kisa stara taka jAkara prayatna karatA hai| sakaDAlaputra jaba gozAlaka kI vicAra-dhArA se vimukha hokara mahAvIra kA anuyAyI bana jAtA hai taba gozAlaka usa sakaDAlaputra ko punaH apanA anuyAyI banAne ke lie manovijJAna kA sahArA letA hai aura mahAvIra kI prazaMsA kara usake mAnasa ko apane anukUla banAne kI ceSTA karatA hai, usI krama meM sakaDAlaputra bhI tadanurUpa AcaraNa kara yaha spaSTa kara detA hai ki usake lie mahAvIra dvArA batAyA gayA rAstA hI sahI hai| donoM eka-dUsare ke manobhAvoM ko samajhakara jisa taraha praznottara karate haiM, vaha mAnava manovijJAna kA eka upayukta udAharaNa hai| isI taraha revatI apane pati mahAzataka ko apane manobhAvoM ke anurUpa DhAlane ke lie tadanukUla mAnava manovijJAna kA sahArA letI hai, yadyapi vaha asaphala hotI hai, kintu usake svabhAva ko samajhane ke lie yaha ghaTanA kAphI hai| aise aura bhI prasaMga haiM, jisase kathAnaka meM mAnava manovijJAna kI vizeSatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa prakAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra kI kathAvastu aura usakI vizeSatAe~ jainadharma meM sAdhanA ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie eka AdhAra bhUmikA kA nirmANa karatI hai|

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caturtha adhyAya upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA upAsakadazAMga arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA eka pramukha grantha hai| yadyapi isameM kahIM-kahIM mahArASTro kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai kintu arddhamAgadhI AgamoM para mahArASTro kA yaha prabhAva sarvatra hI pAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ taka ki prAcInatama mAne jAne vAle AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha, dazavekAlika aura uttarAdhyayana meM bhI yaha prabhAva A gayA hai| vastutaH arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI paramparA lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa taka maukhika rUpa se calatI rahI, ataH usakI bhASA meM parivartana AnA svAbhAvika hI thaa| yadi hama gaMbhIratApUrvaka adhyayana kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki jo Agama grantha adhika pracalana meM rahe, una para mahArASTrI kA prabhAva adhika par3A aura jo grantha kama pracalana meM rahe una para mahArASTrI kA prabhAva kama pdd'aa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM RSibhASita meM AcArAMga, dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA mahArASTro kA prabhAva kama dekhA jAtA hai| ataH mahArASTrI ke isa prabhAva ke kAraNa yaha mAna lenA ucita nahIM hogA ki upAsakadazAMga paravartI kAla kA Agama hai| itanA to nizcita hai ki upAsakadazAMga AcArAMga ke bAda banA hogA, kintu vaha usake bahuta bAda kA hogA, yaha kahanA samucita nahIM hai| kama se kama use AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke nikaTa to mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina paramparA meM sarvaprathama AcAra sambandhI hI grantha bane hoNge| muni AcAra ke granthoM ke nirmANa ke pazcAt svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha AvazyakatA mahasUsa huI hogI ki zrAvaka-AcAra para bhI koI grantha ho| isa dRSTi se upAsakadazAMga kI racanA muni AcAra sambandhI Agama granthoM kI racanA ke cAhe bAda meM huI ho kintu phira bhI ise adhika paravartI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kama se kama bhadrabAhu dvArA racita cheda sUtroM ke samakAla yA paravartI kAla meM isakI racanA avazya ho gayI hogii| jaba caturvidha saMgha meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA eka anivArya ghaTaka bana gaye to Avazyaka thA ki unakI AcAra-vyavasthA kA bhI pratipAdana ho / upAsaka

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana dazAMga zrAvaka AcAra kA prathama grantha hai kyoMki zeSa sabhI zrAvaka-AcAra sambandhI grantha aura ullekha IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdo ke bAda ke hI haiN| ataH pratipAdya viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se ise IsA pUrva athavA IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa rakhA jAnA caahie| yaha bAta alaga hai ki kAlAntara meM parivartana yA pATha prakSepa hue haiM kintu isakI viSayavastu to nizcita hI prAcIna stara kI hai| jahA~ taka upAsakadazAMga ke bAhya sAkSyoM kA prazna hai, isakA sarvaprathama ullekha hameM sthAnAMga meM milatA hai| sthAnAMga ke bAda samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM bhI isake ullekha prApta hote haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM dazA pada ke antargata dasa adhyayana vAle dasa Agama kahe gaye haiN| jinameM-karmavipAkadazA, upAsakadazA, antakRtdazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, AcAradazA, praznavyAkaraNadazA, baMdhadazA, dvigRddhidazA, dIrghadazA evaM sAkSepika dazA haiN| jinameM chaH dazAoM kA paricaya vRttikAra ne diyA hai aura zeSa ko jJAta nahIM karake chor3a diyA hai| isI grantha meM upAsakadazAMga ke dasa adhyayanoM kI sUcI dI hai jahA~-Ananda, kAmadeva, culinIpitA, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuNDakaulika, saddAlaputta, mahAzataka, nandinIpitA aura lekiyApitA ke nAma haiM / samavAyAMga va nandIsUtra meM bhI isake nAma tathA dasa adhyayanoM ke hone kA ullekha milatA hai| ___ upAsakadazAMga ke kAla nirdhAraNa ke lie yaha dekhanA hogA ki ina tInoM granthoM meM kauna sA ullekha prAcInatama hai| yadi hama anya dazAoM aura Agama granthoM ke sandarbha meM ina tInoM kI tulanA kareM to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki inameM prAcInatama ullekha sthAnAMga kA hI hai| isakA AdhAra yaha hai ki jahA~ antakRtdazA ke vivaraNa kA prazna hai, sthAnAMga meM usake mAtra dasa adhyayanoM kA hI ullekha hai| samavAyAMga sAta vargoM kA ullekha karatA hai aura nandI ATha vargoM kA ullekha karatA hai| isase spaSTa aisA lagatA hai ki jaise-jaise antakRtdazAMga kI viSayavastu badalatI gayI, vaise-vaise usake viSayavastu-sambandhI vivaraNa bhI badalate gaye aura inameM prAcInatama vivaraNa sthAnAMga kA hI lagatA hai kyoMki sthAnAMga isake nAma ke sAtha lage hue dazA zabda kA sArthaka vivaraNa detA 1. ThANaM-muni nathamala, 10 vA~ sthAna /

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53 upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA hai, jabaki anya granthoM meM isakI viSayavastu ko dekhakara yaha sArthaka nahIM lgtaa| yahI sthiti anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNadazA aura vipAkadazA kI bhI hai| yadi hama sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura nando meM inake viSaya-vastu ke vivaraNa ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekheM to nizcita rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki sthAnAMga ke vivaraNa hI prAcIna haiN| praznavyAkaraNa kI vartamAna viSayavastu kA ullekha to kevala hameM nandIcUrNi meM Akara milatA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki sthAnAMga upAsakadazAMga kA jo vivaraNa prastuta karatA haiM vaha isa grantha kA prAcInatama vivaraNa hai| yadyapi yaha saMyoga hI hai ki yahI ekamAtra aisA Agama grantha hai jisake adhyayana Adi ke nAma, krama Adi yathAvat rahe haiM aura isase aisA lagatA hai ki isameM parivartana, yadi hue bhI to alpatama hI hue hoMge / sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga kI apekSA prAcIna hai, yaha to nirvivAda hI siddha hai| sthAnAMga meM hameM sAta nihnavoM ke nAma milate haiM aura isI prakAra kucha gaNoM ke bhI ullekha milate haiN| ye sAtoM nihnava mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 584 varSa pazcAt hI hue haiN| isI prakAra jina gaNoM ke ullekha milate haiM, ve bhI IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM astitva meM A cuke the| boTrika nAmaka AThavAM nihnava mAnA gayA hai, jisakA ullekha sthAnAMga meM nahIM hai| yaha nihnava mahAvIra ke nirmANa ke 609 varSa bAda huaa| isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sthAnAMga kI racanA IsvI san kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrva ho cukI thI aura cU~ki sthAnAMga meM upAsakadazAMga kI vartamAna viSayavastu kA ullekha hai ataH vartamAna upAsakadazAMga bhI IsvI san kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrva to avazya hI apane vartamAna svarUpa meM upalabdha thA, ataH viSaya-vastu, bhASA aura antara bAhya sAkSyoM se aisA lagatA hai ki upAsakadazAMga IsvI pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI se IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke madhya kabhI nirmita huA hogaa| ___upAsakadazAMga meM zrAvaka vratoM kA vibhAjana aNuvratoM aura zikSAvratoM ke rUpa meM huA hai, jabaki tattvArthasUtra meM, jo ki zrAvakAcAra kA pratipAdana karane vAlA isake bAda kA grantha hai, zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA vargIkaraNa aNuvrata, guNavrata evaM zikSAvrata ina tIna rUpoM meM huA hai / ataH yaha nizcita rUpa se mAnanA hogA ki upAsakadazAMga kA vargIkaraNa prAthamika evaM tattvArtha kA vargIkaraNa paravartI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha bhI

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54 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana mAnanA hogA ki upAsakadazAMga tattvArtha se pahale nirmita huaa| tattvArtha kA racanAkAla vidvAnoM ne lagabhaga IsA kI tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdI mAnA hai, ataH upAsakadazAMga kA racanA kAla usake pahale mAnA jA sakatA hai| punaH pAli tripiTaka meM uposatha kI carcA ke prasaMga meM nirgrantha upoSadha kA ullekha hai, jo aMga Agama sAhitya meM hameM bhagavatI aura upAsakadazAMga meM bhI prApta hotA hai, ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki upAsakadazAMga kI viSayavastu prAcIna stara kI hI hai, jisakI kucha avadhAraNAeM to buddha aura mahAvIra ke samakAlIna kahI jA sakatI haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se upAsakadazAMga ko paravartI siddha karane ke lie yaha tarka diyA jAtA hai ki isameM samAsabahula pada aura punarAvRttiyAM kAphI adhika haiM / parantu jahA~ taka samAsabahula padoM kA prazna hai ve prAcIna stara ke granthoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM pAye jAte haiM jaise-AcArAMgasatra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke pandrahaveM adhyayana meM nimna pada pAyA jAtA hai : "IhAmiya-usabha-turaga-para-makara-vihaga-vANara-kuMjara"' isI taraha jJAtAdharmakathAMga meM nimna samAsa pada pAyA jAtA hai / "dhavala-vaTTha-asiliTTha-tikkha-thira-pINa-kuDila-dADhovagU DhavayaNaM"2 pAli tripiTaka meM to aneka sthAnoM meM hameM samAsa bahula pada milate haiN| jahA~ taka punarukti kA prazna hai vaha to AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM tathA pAli tripiTakoM meM bhI bahulatA se milatI haiN| pAdapati meM yadyapi kucha paravartI granthoM kI sUcanAeM AyI haiM kintu yaha kArya ina AgamoM ke sampAdana evaM lipibaddha kiye jAne ke samaya huA hai| ___ ataH ina AdhAroM para ise paravartI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| hamArI dRSTi meM to isa grantha kI racanAkAla kI apara sImA IsvI pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI va antima sImA IsA kI prathama zatAbdI hI mAnI jAnI caahie| 1. AcArAMga sUtra--muni madhukara, pRSTha 382 / 2. jJAtAdharmakathAMga-muni madhukara, adhyAya 8, pR0 235 ,

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upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA arddhamAgadhI evaM upAsakadazAMga kI bhASA kA svarUpa prAkRta bhASA - samUha kI gaNanA madhya bhAratIya AryabhASA meM kI gayI hai / kucha vidvAnoM ne ise loka bhASA ke rUpa meM pracalita maulika evaM svatantra bhASA mAnA hai, jabaki dUsare kucha vidvAnoM ne isakA vikAsa vaidika saMskRta va chAndas bhASA se mAnA hai / prAkRta kI prakRti vaidika bhASA se milatI-julatI hai / " svara vibhakti ke prayoga prAkRta va chAndas donoM bhASAoM meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte haiM / ataH donoM ko samakAlika aura sahavartI bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / yadi chAndas bhASA se prAkRta kI utpatti huI, to bhI yaha mAnanA hogA ki vaha chAndas usa samaya kI janabhASA rahI hogI / cUMki laukika va sAhityika saMskRta bhASA bhI chAndas se vikasita huI hai isIliye vikAsa kI dRSTi se saMskRta va prAkRta sahodarA bhI kahI jA sakatI hai / prAcIna bhArata kI mUla bhASA va bolI kA svarUpa kyA thA, yaha to spaSTa nahIM hai parantu AryoM kI apanI eka alaga hI bhASA thI, usa para anya jAtiyoM kI bhASA kA bhI prabhAva nizcita rUpa se par3A thA, usI se vibhinna prAkRteM aura chAndas saMskRta vikasita huI hogI / isa chAndas ko manISiyoM ne pada, vAkya, dhvani va artha ina cAroM aMgoM ko vizeSa anuzAsana meM Abaddha kara diyA, jisase saMskRta bhASA kA vikasita rUpa sAmane AyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra va buddha ne apane upadeza tatkAlIna jana bhASA meM diye, jisase jana bhASA ke vikAsa meM eka nayA parivartana AyA / phalataH pAli aura vibhinna prAkRta sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM astitva meM AyI / prAkRta ke bheda 55 vibhinna vaiyAkaraNoM ne apane granthoM meM prAkRta bhASAoM ke bheda kiye haiM, unameM AcArya vararuci ne mahArASTrI, paizAco, mAgadhI va zaurasenI ko prAkRta bhASA mAnA hai / hemacandra ne isake sAtha-sAtha ArSa, cUlikA paizAcI va apabhraMza ko bhI prAkRtabhASA mAnA hai / trivikrama bhI inhIM bhASAoM ko prAkRta mAnate haiM, parantu mArkaNDeya mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, prAcyA, avantI va 1. zAstrI, nemicandra - prAkRta bhASA va sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pRSTha 8

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana mAgadhI ko prAkRta bhASAe~ mAnate hai| AcArya bharata ne inake sAtha arddhamAgadhI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| anya vyAkaraNakAra arddhamAgadhI va zaurasenI ko mAgadhI meM hI sammilita mAnakara alaga se isakA nAmollekha nahIM karate haiN| arddhamAgadho kA svarUpa upAsakadazAMga arddhamAgadhI bhASA kA Agama hai ataH yahA~ arddhamAgadhI ke svarUpa para vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa se arddhamAgadhI kA artha "ardhamAgadhyA" arthAt ardhAza mAgadhI se kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM mAgadhI ke pUrNa lakSaNa nahIM pAye jAne ke kAraNa ise arddhamAgadhI kahA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki "ardhamAgadhI bhASA yasyAM rasaulalazo mAgadhyAmityAdikam mAgadhabhASA lakSaNaM paripUrNa nAsti' arthAt jisameM mAgadhI ke pUrNa lakSaNa rakAra, sakAra ke sthAna para zakAra nahIM pAye jAte haiM, use arddhamAgadhI kahate haiM / khosta kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke graMthakAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne nizIthacUrNi meM magadhadeza ke a(za meM prayukta hone ke kAraNa ise arddhamAgadhI batAyA hai| yahIM para kahA gayA hai ki mAgadhI va dezo zabdoM kA isa bhASA meM mizraNa hone ke kAraNa bhI ise arddhamAgadhI kahate haiN| ina donoM kathanoM ke pIche dRSTikoNa yaha rahA hai ki arddhamAgadhI kA utpatti sthAna pazcimI magadha va zUrasena kA madhyavartI pradeza ayodhyA rahA thA / mUlataH 1. pizela-prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pairA 3 2. jaina, DA0 prema sumana-'prAkRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA udbhava va vikAsa' nAmaka lekha, saMskRta prAkRta jaina vyAkaraNa va koza kI paramparA, pRSTha 218 3. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 118 4. "magahaddhavisayabhASAnibaddhaM addhamAgahaM" -zAstrI, nemicandra-abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, pRSTa 409 5. "magahaddhavisaya bhAsANibaddha addhamAgahaM aTThArasa desI bhAsANimayaM vA addhamAgaha' -nizIthacUNi

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upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA 57 magadha meM mAgadhI va zUrasena meM zaurasenI bhASA pracalita thI, ataH donoM ke madhyavartI pradeza ayodhyA meM yaha bhASA pracalita hone ke kAraNa arddhamAgadhI nAma diyA gayA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya magadha, mithilA, kauzala Adi alaga-alaga pradeza, varNa va jAti ke the, ataH svAbhAvika hai ki dezI bhASAoM kA mizraNa huA hI hogA / pizela ke anusAra jenoM ne arddhamAgadhI ko athavA vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA varNita ArSabhASA ko mUla mAnA hai jisase anya boliyA~ yA bhASAe~ nikalI haiM / ' muni nathamala kI mAnyatA hai ki devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne AgamoM kA nayA saMskaraNa vallabhI vAcanA meM kiyA, usake bAda mahArASTra meM jaina zramaNoM kA vihAra hone lagA usa sthiti meM Agama sUtroM kI bhASA mahArASTra se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahI / AcArya hemacandra kA vihAra sthala bhI gujarAta rahA jo ki mahArASTra kA samIpavartI pradeza hai / unhoMne bhI pracalita prayogoM kA apane vyAkaraNa zAstra meM upayoga kiyA jise ArSa prayoga ke rUpa meM AkhyAta kiyA / ataH mahArASTrI ardhamAgadhI ke bahuta nikaTa mAnI jAtI hai | 2 ardhamAgadhI kI bhASAtmaka vizeSatAe~ prAkRta bhASA ke vibhinna bhedoM va unakI vizeSatAoM kA varNana vibhinna vaiyAkaraNoM ne kiyA hai lekina kisI bhI prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa ne svatantra rUpa se ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kahIM nahIM kiyA hai, kyoMki ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kI vizeSatAe~ koI svatantra rUpa se apanA astitva nahIM rakhatI / isakI prAyaH sabhI vizeSatAeM mAgadhI, zaurasenI va mahArASTrI ke sammizraNa se nirmita hai / ataH isakA alaga se ullekha karanA ina granthakAroM ne ucita nahIM samajhA / ardhamAgadhI ko pramukha vizeSatAoM kA paricaya pizela ke prAkRta bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNa, nemicandra zAstrI ke abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, paM0 haragovindadAsa ke pAiasahamahaNavo kI bhUmikA va DaoN0 komala candra jaina ke prAkRta pravezikA nAmaka granthoM meM prApta hotA hai / 1. pizela - prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 25-26 2. muni nathamala - 'ArSa prAkRta svarUpa va vizleSaNa' nAmaka lekha, saMskRta prAkRta jaina vyAkaraNa va koSa kI paramparA, pRSTa 235-236

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58 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana ____ ardhamAgadhI kI pramukha vizeSatAoM kA sodAharaNa vivaraNa DaoN0 zAstrI ne apanI pustaka meM diyA hai|' una ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI pramukha vizeSatAoM meM se upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM nimna vizeSatAeM pAyI jAtI haiN| varNa parivartana sambandhI vizeSatAeM1. do svaroM ke madhyavartI asaMyukta 'ka' ke sthAna para 'ga' pAyA jAtA haiN| kahIM-kahIM para 'ta' evaM 'ya' bhI hote haiM / yathAAkAza = AgAsa (uvA0 sU0 3/136, 3/145, 4/154) zrAvaka = sAvaga (uvA0 sU0 211) zAkavidhi = sAgavihi ( uvA0 sU0 38) 'ka' kA 'ta' evaM 'ya' yathA-- koTumbika = koDuMbiya (uvA0 sU0 12, 59, 206, 207) mADambika = mADaMbiya (uvA0 sU0 12) 2. do svaroM ke bIca kA 'ga' prAyaH kAyama rahatA hai / yathA Agamana - AgamaNaM ( uvA0 sU0 86) bhagavAn = bhagavaM (uvA0 sU0 9, 10, 11, 44, 60, 62, 75 ) 3. do svaroM ke bIca meM Ane vAle 'ca' evaM 'ja' ke sthAna para mAgadhI kI taraha 'ya' evaM 'ta' donoM banate haiM / yathA nArAca = NArAya (uvA0 sU0 76) pravacana = pAvayaNa (uvA0 sU0 12, 101,111 210, 222) vraja ( uvA0 sU0 4,18,150) 1. zAstrI, nemicandra-abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, pRSTa 410-417 2. ka. "prathamasya tRtIyaH"-caNDa prAkRta lakSaNa, sUtra 3/12 ___ kha. hemacandra-prAkRta vyAkaraNa sUtra 1/182 3. "ja- dya- yAM- yaH"- hemacandra-prAkRta vyAkaraNa, sUtra 4/292 = vaya .

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upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA 4. do svaroM ke madhyavartI 'ta' prAyaH banA rahatA hai va kahIM-kahIM para 'ya' bhI hotA hai| jaina mahArASTrI kA bhI yahI niyama hai / yathA vaMditvA = vaMdittA ( uvA0 sU09) saMtatto = sattae (uvA0 sU0 72, 73 ) mahAtapAH = mahAtave ( uvA0 sU0 76 ) 'ta' kA 'ya' meM nidarzana / yathA karata - karaya kRtArthaH = kayattha ( uvA0 sU0 184) ( uvA0 sU0 111) 5. do svaroM ke bIca sthita 'da' kA 'da' banA rahatA hai| adhikatara 'ta' bhI pAyA jAtA hai va kahIM-kahIM para 'ya' bhI hotA hai / yathA adattAdAnaM = adiNNAdANaM ( uvA0 sU0 15, 47) pratidarzayati = paDidaMsai (uvA0 sU0 86 ) 'da' kA 'ta' meM parivartana / yathA vada = vutta ( uvA0 sU0 86 ) 'da' kA 'ya' meM nidarzana | yathA vAda = vAya vadana = vayaNa catuSpada = cauppaya ( uvA0 sU0 46 ) (uvA0 sU0 95) ( uvA0 sU0 18,49) 6. do svaroM ke madhyavartI 'pa' kA 'va' hotA hai / yathA ___ sapatnI = savattIo (uvA0 sU0 239 ) 1. pizela-prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pairA 195 2. zAstrI, nemicandra-abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, pRSTa 413 3. 'po va :" prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 1/231

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60 pipAsita paravyapadeza es upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana pivAsiyA paravavaese saMvatsarA talavara = 7. do svaroM kA madhyavartI 'ya' prAyaH jyoM kA tyoM banA rahatA hai va kahIM-kahIM para 'ta' bhI ho jAtA hai / ' yathA paiyAlA peyAlA ( uvA0 sU0 44, 45) niyaya niyaga (uvA0 sU0 168, 169) = =1 8. do svaroM ke madhyavartI 'va' ke sthAna para 'va' 'ta' evaM 'ya' pAyA jAtA haiM / = = 25 = zabda ke Adi, madhya va saMyoga meM bhI jaina mahArASTrI kI taraha sthira rahatA hai / yathA zramaNena samaNeNa ( uvA0 sU0 8) bhakSaNatA bhakkhaNayA ( uvA0 sU0 51) = - ( uvA0 sU0 242 ) ( uvA0 sU0 56 ) saMvaccharA talavara 10. 'sa' 'za' evaM 'Sa' kI jagaha sarvatra 'sa' pAyA jAtA hai / yathA puruSaM ( uvA0 sU0 136) gozAlo (uvA0 sU0 218) = ( uvA0 sU0 241 ) ( uvA 0 sU0 12) purisa gosAle = sarvatra 'Na' kI jagaha 'Na' evaM 'na' 11. 'yathA' va 'yAvata' zabda meM 'ya' kA lopa va 'ja' donoM milate haiM / 4 jaina mahArASTrI meM bhI yahI rUpa banatA hai / yathA yAvajjIvaM yathAsukhaM ahAsuhaM 1. "jandya-yAM-yaH" prAkRta vyAkaraNa - AcArya hemacandra, 4/292 2. "za-SoH saH " prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 1/260 3. zAstrI, nemicandra - abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, pRSTa 442 4. zAstrI, nemicandra -- abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 442 jAvajjIvAe ( uvA0 sU0 13, 14, 15, 17, 18) ( uvA0 sU0 12)

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upAsaka dazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA 12. 'gRham' zabda ke lie nimna Adeza hote haiM / yathA gRhama ghara gihi paryAyaM paryAyAM gRhama giha, 13. 'paryAya' zabda ke 'ryAya' bhAga ke sthAna para vikalpa se 'iyAa' evaM "iyAya' Adeza hote haiM / yathA upAsaka dazAMgasUtra = yathA = bArasa = kesa tacca (tRtIya) : == = 14. upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM aise zabda bhI sammilita haiM jinake rUpa mahArASTrI se bhinna hote haiM / yathA-- = = = = = tacca (tathya ) docca paDuppanna pava ( uvA0 sU0 10, 81, 102) puvvi puvvaM ( uvA0 sU058, 197) brAhmaNa mAhaNa ( uvA0 sU0 218) 15. upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM saMkhyAvAcI zabda bhI mahArASTrI se bhinna hai / - pariyAyaM pariyAo - = mahArASTrI ( uvA0 sU0 10, 12, 58, 61, 77, 78) ( uvA0 sU0 58 ) ( uvA0 sU0 62) (uvA0 sU0 271) pAya kerisa taia taccha duia paccuppaNNa ( uvA0 sU0 187) 61 ( uvA0 sU0 51 ) ( uvA0 sU0 71, 79) ( uvA0 sU0 70, 85 ) ( uvA0 sU071, 97, 104 ) duvAlasa Adi ( uvA0 sU0 12, 58, 211, 234)

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uvAsaga0 prayoga parisA (uvA0sU09) prathamA Are sA Ae kAmabhoe (uvA0 sU0 6) maMsehi (uvA0 sU0 240) vAhaNehiM uvA0 sU020) odaNeNaM (uvA sU0 35) kolagharieMhito vaehito (uvA0 sU0 242) o zabda rUpoM ko vizeSatAe~ akArAnta pulliga zabda vibhakti eka vacana pratyaya uvAsaga0 prayoga bahuvacana pratyaya e' ANaMde (uvA0 sU0 3) o tikkhutto (uvA0 sU09) dvitIyA (.) anusvAra appANaM (uvA0 sU0 2) tRtIyA eNa' mahAvIreNa (uvA0 sU0 2) maNasA (uvA0 sU0 13) caturthI amAghAe (uvA0 sU0 241) paMcamI gihAo (uvA0 sU0 10) hito Ae nAvAe (uvA0 sU0 158) 1. "ata et sau pusi mAgadhyAm"-prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 4/287 2. "jas-zasolaka"-prAkRta vyAkaraNa--AcArya hemacandra , 3/4 3. "ataH se ?:"-prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/2 4. "amosya"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/5 5. "TA-Amo NaH" evaM "TANa-zasyeta"-prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra 3/6, 3/14 6. "bhiso hi hi hiM' -prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/7 7. "Da ses tto do-du-hi-hito-lukaH"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa--AcArya hemacandra, 3/8 8. "bhyasas to do du hi hinto sunto"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra 3/9 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana

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- vibhakti saptamI dorgha3 NA jios eka vacana pratyaya uvAsaga0 prayoga bahuvacana pratyaya uvAsaga0 prayoga SaSThI disivvayassa (uvA0 sU0 50) / samayaMsi (uvA0 sU0 151) su kAraNesu (uvA0 sU0 5) deve (uvA0 sU0 151) ikArAnta, ukArAnta pulliga zabda prathamA gAhAvaI (uvA0 sU0 232) pratyalopa jiyasattu (uvA0 sU0 269) tRtIyA vAhiNA (uvA0 sU0 255) heUhi (uvA0 sU0 219) caturthI, SaSThI ssa gAhAvaissa (uvA0 sU0 6) bahUNaM (uvA0 sU0 5) pulliga sarvanAma zabda prathamA tume (uvA0 sU0 146) tubbhe (uvA0 sU09) (uvA0 sU0 2) dvitIyA (.) anusvAra taM (uvA0 sU0 10) tRtIyA teNaM (uvA0 sU0 2) caturthI, SaSThI tassa (uvA0 sU06) saptamI tesi savvesi (uvA0 sU0.11) 1. "GasaH ssaH"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa--AcArya hemacandra, 3/10 2. "De mmi De:"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa--AcArya hemacandra, 3/11 / / 3. "aklIbe sau"-prAkRta vyAkaraNa--AcArya hemacandra , 3/19 4. "To NA"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa--AcArya hemacandra, 3/24 5. "iduto dIrghaH"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/16 , 6. "ataH sarvAde . jasaH"-prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/58 7. "kiMyattadabhyoGasaH"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra,3/63 8. "De0: ssiM-mmi-tthAH"-prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra 3/59 upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA eNaM siM

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BE vibhakti eka vacana pratyaya uvAsaga0 prayoga bahuvacana pratyaya uvAsaga0 prayoga AkArAnta strIlliga zabda prathamA bhArIyA (uvA0 sU0 65) o' bhArIyAo (uvA0 sU0 235) dvitIyA (.) anusvAra suraM (uvA0 sU0 240) / tRtIyA kahAe (uvA0 sU0 10) bhAriyAhiM (uvA0 sU0 235) SaSThI doNiyAe (uvA0 sU0 235) ikArAnta ukArAnta strIhilaga zabda .. prathamA koDio (uvA0 sU0 163) . dvitIyA (.) anusvAra joNi (uvA0 sU0 11) / SaSThI satthavAhIe (uvA0 sU0 147) saptamI joNie (uvA0 sU0 11) ___su joNiesu (uvA0sU0 11) / IkArAnta UkArAnta strIlliga zabda pratyayalopa nayavAdI (uvA0 sU0 219) o hiraNNakIDio (uvAH sU0 231) pabhU (uvA0 sU0 219) dvitIyA (.) anusvAra revaiM (uvA0 sU0 255) tRtIyA revaIe (uvA0 sU0 261) 1. "striyAmudotau"-prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/27 2. "TA-Da0 s-De0radAdidevA tu DaseH"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/29 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana prathamA

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vibhakti caturthI SaSThI saptamI sambodhana eka vacana pratyaya e pratyayalopa (.) anusvAra uvAsaga0 prayoga gAhAvaINIe (uvA0 sU0 243) puDhavIe (uvA0 sU0 253) bho ! revaI ( uvA0 sU0 255 ) napuMsakaliMga zabda savaccharAI ( uvA0 sU0 240 ) prathamA dvitIyA bakAyA rUpa akArAnta pulliMga kI taraha calate haiN| bahuvacana prayoga uvAsaga0 prayoga savattINaM ( uvA0 sU0 238 ) Ni atarANi chiddANi ( uvA 0 sU0 238 ) upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA m chi

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana ina zabda rUpoM ke alAvA bhI upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kucha naye prayoga dekhane meM Ate haiM, jaise1. dvitIyA bahuvacana meM svatantra 'e' kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| yathA maNussae / uvA0 sU0 6 / 2. SaSThI ke sthAna para saptamI kA prayoga huA hai / yathA hatthesu / uvA0 sU0 87 / 3. 'yoni' zabda strIliMga meM 'e' pratyaya lagane para prAyaH hrasva kA dIrgha ho jAtA hai, parantu yahAM hrasva hI rahA hai / yathA joNie / uvA0 sU0 117 / 4. strIliMga meM 'e' pratyaya hone para dIrgha kI pravRtti isa prakAra hai| yathA vArANasIe, nayarIe / uvA0 sU0 125 / 5. paMcamI ke sthAna para saptamI kA prayoga bhI huA hai / yathA abhIe / uvA0 sU0 106 / 6. aise zabdoM ke bhI prayoga sammilita haiM jinake naye prayoga prApta hote haiN| yathA kallAkalli = Ajakala / uvA0 sU0 242 / ADhAi = Adara / uvA0 sU0 242 / 7. kahIM-kahIM para saptamI ke sthAna para tRtIyA kA prayoga huA hai|' yathA teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM / uvA0 sU0 1 / 8. upAsakadazAMga meM kRta pratyayAnta zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / yathA paDipucchaNijje / uvA0 sU0 5 / 1. "dvitIyA-tRtIyayoH saptamo"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/135

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dhAtu rUpa puruSa prathama puruSa madhyama puruSa uttama puruSa prathama puruSa eka vacana pratyaya I' emi ssai hii uvAsaga0 prayoga vartamAna kAla viharai ( uvA0 sU0 2) aparAbhUe (uvA0 sU0 3, 8) viharasi ( uvA 0 sU0 116) pAsAmi (uvA0 sU0 82) karemi (uvA0 sU0 88) bhaviSya kAla havvamAgacchissai (uvA 0 sU0 188) sijjhihii (uvA0 sU0 230 ) bahuvacana pratyaya 1. " tyAdinAmAdyatrayasyAdya syaMcecau " -- prAkRta vyAkaraNa -- AcArya hemacandra, 3 / 139 " bahuSvAdyasya nti, nte ire - " vahI, 3 / 142 3. "dvitIyassa si se" - vahI, 3 / 140 4. " madhyamasyetthA - hacau" - vahI, 3 / 143 5. " tRtIyasya mi:" - vahI, 3/141 6. " bhaviSyati hirAdiH " -- vahI, 3 / 166 33 ti 4 uvAsaga0 prayoga bhavanti ( uvA0 sU0 11) kareha (uvA0 sU0 200 ) upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA 67

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puruSa madhyama puruSa karmaNI prayoga madhyama puruSa uttama puruSa eka vacana pratyaya hi ijja + si uvAsaga0 prayoga AjJA vaMdAhi (uvA0 sU0 58) vartamAna kAla vavarovijjasi (uvA 0 sU0 127) bhaviSya kAla jji + ssAmi paDivajjisAmi (uvA0 sU0 210 ) bahuvacana pratyaya eha m AjJA ijjA + hi paDivajjAhi ( uvA0 sa0 262 ) madhyama puruSa aniyamita bhUtakAlika kriyA kA bhI prayoga pAyA jAtA hai yathA - gao ( uvA0 sU0 11) uvAsaga0 prayoga paccappiNaha ( uvA0 sU0 59 ) uvaNeha ( uvA0 sU0 242) gacchaha (uvA0 sU0 220 ) 23 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana

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upAsakadazAMga kA racanAkAla evaM bhASA kRdanta prayoga 1. vartamAna kRdanta meM 'nta' va 'mANa' pratyaya lagakara isa prakAra rUpa banate haiM nta - vaikantA (uvA0 sU0 245) mANa - bhAvemANe (uvA0 mU0 2) 2. sambandha kRdanta meM 'ittA' va 'ettA' pratyaya lagakara rUpa banate haiM / yathA ittA = saMpehittA (uvA0 sU0 10) ettA = karettA (uvA0 sU0 2) 3. aniyamita sambandha kRdantoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai / yathA soccAnisamma (uvA0 sU0 11) 4. aniyamita bhUtakAlika kRdanta kA bhI prayoga prApta hotA hai / yathAvaNNao ( uvA0 sU0 7) saMdhi vicAra 1. guNa saMdhi - guNovaveyA ( uvA0 sU0 6) 2. svaralopa saMdhi- rAIsara = rAI + isara ( uvA0 sU0 125 ) samAsa padaupAsakadazAMgasUtra meM lambe-lambe samAsapada prApta hote haiM / yathA"sivamayalamaruamaNaMtamakkhayamavvAvAhamapuNarAvattayaM" ( uvA0 sa09) 1. "nta-mANau"--prAkRta vyAkaraNa-AcArya hemacandra, 3/180

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paMcama adhyAya zrAvakAcAra zrAvaka sAdhanA ko pUrva bhUmikA arddhamAgadhI Agama granthoM meM muni dharma evaM gRhastha dharma donoM kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| jisake sambandha meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ne prakAza DAlA hai| paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA evaM devendramuni zAstrI ne Agama granthoM meM varNita jaina darzana evaM AcAra kI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai, usI prasaMga meM 'upAsaka' zabda kA artha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai :jaina AgamoM meM upAsaka zabda AcArAMgasUtra mUlataH zramaNa jIvana ko pratipAdita karane vAlA grantha hai, ataH usameM upAsaka yA zrAvaka zabda dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM 'upAsaka' zabda kI jagaha 'samaNopAsaka' 'agArika' aura 'zrAvaka' zabda prayukta hai|' sthAnAMgasUtra meM 'agAra' evaM 'zramaNopAsaka' zabda kA prayoga upAsaka ke rUpa meM huA hai| 1. ka. "se NaM leve NAma gAhAvaI samaNovAsae yAvi hotthA" -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (suttAgame)), sUtra 2 kha. "No khalu vayaM saMcAemo muNDA bhavittA agArAo aNagAriyaM pavvaittae / sAvayaM NhaM aNupugveNaM suttassa lisissAmo" --sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (suttAgame), sUtra 8 2. ka. "carittadhamme duvihe agAracarittadhamme ceva aNagAra caritta dhamme" ---ThANaM (suttAgame), 2/1/188 kha. "cattAri samaNovAsagA paNNattA taMjahA--" / --ThANaM (suttAgame), 4/3/406

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71 samavAyAMgasUtra meM zrAvakoM ko 'zramaNabhUta' zabda se sambodhita kiyA hai / yahIM para 'upAsaka' zabda bhI prayukta huA hai jahA~ gyAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / " zrAvakAcAra bhagavatIsUtra meM gRhastha zrAvakoM ke lie 'sAgAra' evaM 'zramaNopAsaka ' zabda prayukta hai / kahIM-kahIM para 'upAsaka' aura 'zrAvaka' zabda bhI prApta hotA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM 'zramaNopAsaka' zabda hI adhika prayukta huA hai / * kintu eka sthAna para gRhastha ke lie agAra zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jahAM zrAvaka ke vinaya ko agAra vinaya kahA gayA hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra gRhastha dharma kA pratipAdana karane vAlA pratinidhi grantha hai / isa grantha meM gRhastha dharma ke lie gihidhamma, sAvayadhamma, agAradhamma, uvAsagadhamma, Adi aneka zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / isa taraha grantha meM upAsaka, zramaNopAsaka, gihi, agAra, sAvaya ye zabda gRhastha ke lie prayukta hue haiM / yathA 1. ka. " evakArasa uvAsaga paDimAo paNNattA taMjahA - daMsaNasAvae " kha. " samaNabhUe Avibhavai samaNAuso " - samavAe ( suttAgame ), pRSTha, 324 - samavAe ( suttAgame ) pRSTha, 324 2. ka. " samaNovAsagassa NaM bhaMte sAmAiya kaDassa samaNovAsae" - ThANaM ( suttAgame ), 7/1 pRSTha, 509 kha. " goyamA dasavihe paNNatte taMjahA - sAgAramaNAgaraM" -- ThANaM ( suttAgame ) 7 / 2, pRSTha 513 3. " soccA NaM kevalissa vA kevalisAvagassa vA kevalisAviyAe vA kevali - uvAsagassa vAkevaliuvAsiyAe vA - bhagavaI ( aMgasuttANi, bhAga 2 ), 5 / 96 4. " tao NaM ahaM devANuppiANaM aMtie paccANuvvaiyaM jAva samaNovAsae -jJAtAdharmakathA - bhArilla, zobhAcandra, adhyAya- 5, pRSTha 190 5. " se vi ya viNae duvihe paNNatte taMjahA - agAra vijaya aNagAra vijaya" -jJAtAdharmakathA - bhArilla, zobhAcandra, adhyAya - 5, pRSTha 193

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72 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana (ka) "tae NaM se ANaMde samaNovAsae uvAsaga-paDimAo uvasaMpajjitANaM virahai"" (kha) "duvAlasavihiM gihi-dhamma paDivajjissAmi"2 / (ga) "tameva dhamma duvihaM Aikkhai-agAradhammaM, aNagAradhamma ca"3 (gha) "jahA ANaMdo tahA Niggao taheva sAvaya-dhamma paDivajjai" ___ antakRtdazAMgasUtra meM sudarzana zreSThI kI kathA ke prasaMga meM zramaNopAsaka zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vipAkasUtra va uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kramazaH zramaNopAsaka zabda kA ullekha hai / zaurasenI Agama granthoM meM AcArya kundakunda ne cAritrapAhuDa grantha meM zrAvakoM ke lie 'sAgAra' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / isake bAda rayaNasAra meM 'zrAvaka' zabda kA ullekha milatA hai| __ sAgAradharmAmRta meM paM0 AzAdhara ne zrAvaka ke lakSaNa batalAte hue kahA hai ki paMca parameSThI kA bhakta, pradhAnatA se dAna aura pUjana karane vAlA, bheda vijJAna rUpI amRta ko pIne kA icchuka tathA mUla guNa aura uttaraguNoM ko pAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka kahalAtA hai|' 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/70 2. vahI, 1/12 3. vahI, 1, pRSTha 20 4. vahI, 2 pRSTha 85 5. "se moggara pANI jakkhe sudaMsaNaM samaNovAsayaM adUrasAmaMteNaM vIIvayamANa" -antagaDadasAo (suttAgame), varga 6, adhyAya 3, pRSTha 1197 6. "uvAsagANa paDimAsu bhikkhuNa paDimAsu ya je bhikkhu jayai Niccasena acchai maNDale" -uttarAdhyayanasUtra-muni puNyavijaya, sUtra 31,19 7. "duviha saMjamacaraNaM sAyAraM taha have NirAyAra" -cAritrapAhuDa-kundakunda, gAthA 22 8. sAgAradharmAmRta -paM0 AzAdhara, 1/15

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zrAvakAcAra vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra evaM upAsakAdhyayana meM bhI zrAvaka aura upAsaka ina zabdoM kA bahuvidha prayoga huA hai / ' sAvayadhamma dohA meM zrAvaka ke svarUpa ko vistAra se pratipAdita kiyA hai| isa taraha anya zrAvakAcAra granthoM meM bhI upAsaka evaM zrAvaka zabdoM kA prayoga upalabdha hai| kintu prAcIna grantha tatvArthasUtra meM varNita gRhastha dharma kA hI Age ke pranthakAroM ne vistAra kiyA hai| tatvArthasUtra meM zrAvaka ke lie 'agArI' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| ___ ina zabdoM ke prayogoM ke vizleSaNa se upAsaka ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM paryApta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| zAbdika dRSTi se vicAra kareM to 'upAsaka' kA artha haiM-samIpa baiThane vAlA 'upasamIpe-Aste-ityupAsake" arthAt jo zramaNoM ke sAnnidhya meM baiThatA hai, sadjJAna aura vrata svIkAra karatA hai aura svayaM upAsanA ke patha para Age bar3hatA, vaha zramaNopAsaka hai| zrAvaka prajJapti meM kahA hai ki zrAvaka zabda 'zru' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai-sunane vAlA arthAt jo gurujanoM se dharma zravaNa karatA hai vaha zrAvaka hai / prAcIna granthoM meM isake svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki jo samyaktvI evaM aNuvratI pratidina sAdhuoM se samyak darzana Adi samAcArI ko sunatA hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se paramazrAvaka hai|3 15vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya rAjazekharasUri ne apane grantha 'zrAddhavidhi' meM zrAvaka zabda kA cintana karate hue kahA hai ki jo dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAba kI ArAdhanA karatA huA zubhayogoM se ATha prakAra ke karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai, zramaNoM ke samIpa samAcArI kA zravaNa kara usI prakAra kA AcaraNa karane kA prayatna karatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai| 1. "sammatta visuddhamaI so daMsaNa sAvayo bhaNio" / -vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, sUtra 205 2. "aNuvrato'gArI", -tattvArthasUtra-saMghavI, sukhalAla, 7/15 . 3. "sammata daMsaNAI pai diahaM jaijaNA sugei ya sAmAyArI parama jo khalu taM sAvayaM vitti" -zrAvakaprajJapti, gAthA 2

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upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana abhidhAna rAjendra koSa meM zrAvaka zabda ke 3 pada haiM / 'zrA' zabda tatvArtha zraddhAna kI sUcanA karatA hai, 'va' zabda sapta dharma kSetroM meM bIja bone kI preraNA karatA hai, 'ka' zabda kliSTa karma mahApApoM ko dUra karane kA saMketa karatA hai, isa prakAra karmadhAraya samAsa hone para zrAvaka zabda banA hai / ' 74 aNuvratI Adi paryAyavAcI upAsaka yA zrAvaka ke lie aNuvratoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai, isalie vaha aNuvratI kahalAtA hai, kintu pUrNa rUpa se vratoM kA pAlana nahIM karane para vaha vratAvratI, viratAvirata, dezavirata, dezasaMyamI aura saMyamAsaMyama bhI kahalAtA hai / ghara meM rahane ke kAraNa vaha sAgArI bhI hai aura gRhastha dharma kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa gRhasthadharmI bhI kahalAtA hai tathA zraddhA kI pramukhatA hone ke kAraNa 'zrAddha' bhI kahalAtA hai / vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM ise gRhastha, sAgAra, gehI, gRhI aura gRhameghI Adi nAmoM se bhI pukArA jAtA hai / 2 paM0 hIrAlAla zAstrI ne vasunandi zrAvakAcAra kI bhUmikA meM upAsaka zabda kA arthaM upAsanA karane vAlA kiyA hai arthAt jo apane abhISTa deva, guru, dharma kI upAsanA karatA hai, use upAsaka kahate haiM / " isa prakAra upAsaka yA zrAvaka zabda ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vibhinna prasaMgoM se to paryApta jAnakArI milatI hI hai, kintu vicAraNIya yaha hai ki mUla Agama granthoM meM upAsaka yA zrAvaka zabda kI paribhASA ke rUpa meM koI prAkRta gAthA yA prAkRta gadyAMza dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai / kevala paJcAstikAya nAmaka grantha kI eka gAthA paM0 hIrAlAla zAstrI ne apanI bhUmikA meM 1. " zranti pacanti tattvArthazraddhAnaM niSThAM nayantIti zrAH, tathA vapanti guNavatsaptakSetreSu dhanabIjAni nikSipantIti vAH tathA kiranti vilaSTa karmarajo vikSipantI ti kAH tata karmadhAraye zrAvakA iti bhavati " - abhidhAna rAjendra koSa- 'sAvaya' zabda 2. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra - prastAvanA, pRSTha 21 3. vahI, pRSTha 20

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75 zrAvakAcAra uddhRta kI hai, jisameM vahA gayA hai ki jo gurujanoM se paralokahita ko karane vAle aura tIvra karmoM ko naSTa karane vAle jinAgamoM ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka sunatA hai, vahI zrAvaka hai|' ____ isake atirikta pratimAoM ke varNana karate samaya vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM dArzanika aura vratika zrAvaka kA svarUpa prAkRta gAthAoM meM kahA hai| paM0 hIrAlAla zAstrI ne hI zrAvaka ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM eka zloka bhUmikA meM aura uddhata kiyA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki jo zraddhAlu hokara jaina zAsana ko sune, dInajanoM meM artha kA vapana kare, samyakdarzana ko varaNa kare, sukRta aura puNya kA kArya kare, saMyama kA AcaraNa kare use vicakSaNa jana zrAvaka kahate haiN| ina uddharaNoM se upAsaka yA zrAvaka ke svarUpa kA to nirdhAraNa hotA hai ki jo bAraha vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai, deva, guru, dharma kI upAsanA karatA hai tathA AtmakalyANa ke mArga meM lagatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai, kintu isa paribhASA kA AgamoM meM mUla srota kyA hai, yaha jJAta nahIM hotA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArambha meM mUlataH Agama muni-dharma ko hI pratipAdita karane vAle the, kintu bAda meM gahastha dharma sambandhI sAmagrI bhI saMkalita kI gayI hai / jisa prakAra muni, zramaNa, aNagAra, sAdhu Adi kI paribhASAe~ Agama granthoM meM prApta haiN| isa prakAra upAsaka yA zrAvaka kI 1. "paraloyahiyaM samma jo jiNavayaNaM suNei uvjutto| aitivva kammavigayA sukkoso sAvago ettha // " -paMcAstikAya, 1 2. paMcuMbarasahiyAiM pariharei iya jo satta visaNAI / samattavisuddhamaI so daMsaNasAvayo bhaNio // evaM saNa sAvayaThANaM paDhamaM samAsao bhaNiyaM / vayasAvayaguNaThANaM etto vidiyaM pavakkhAmi / --vasunandizrAvakAcAra, gAthA 205-206 . 3. zraddhAlutAM zrAti zRNoti zAsanaM dIne vapedAzu vRNoti darzanam kRtatvapuNyAni karoti saMyamaM taM dhAvakaM prAhuramI vicakSaNAH" - vasunandizrAvakAcAra-prastAvanA, 20

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76 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana svatantra paribhASAoM kA prAyaH abhAva hai| svayaM upAsakadazAMga meM bhI upAsaka kise kahate hai isa prakAra kI koI paribhASA nahIM hai, phira bhI upAsaka ke kAryoM aura usakI jIvana-paddhati ke vivaraNa avazya prApta hote haiM, jinakA mUlyAMkana Age kiyA jA rahA hai| zrAvakAcAra kA svarUpa jaina sAhitya meM zramaNa AcAra ko pradhAnatA dI gayI hai, parantu Ama logoM ke liye, jo ina vratoM ko pUrNatayA pAlana nahIM kara pAte haiM, madhyama mArga ke rUpa meM zrAvaka-AcAra kA bhI kathana hamAre pUrvAcAryoM va uttaravartI manISiyoM ne kiyA hai| zrAvaka-AcAra ke mUla rUpa se ATha mUlaguNa, bAraha aNuvrata, paiMtosa guNa, gyAraha pratimAeM Adi mukhya haiM, jinheM kramika rUpa se yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai :AgamoM meM zrAvakAcAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke sthAnAMgasUtra meM AgAra dharma ke antargata zrAvaka ke tIna manorathoM kA cintana haA hai|' isI grantha meM zrAvakoM ke 5 aNuvratoM kA bhI nAmollekha huA hai / 2 samavAyAMgasUtra meM zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| upAsakadazAMga, jo zrAvakAcAra kA mUla grantha hai isameM Ananda zrAvaka bhagavAna mahAvIra se pA~ca aNuvrata, aura sAta zikSAvrata grahaNa karatA hai, bAda meM gyAraha pratimAoM ko dhAraNa kara sallekhanA svIkAra karatA hai| vipAkasUtra meM subAhukumAra dvArA zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata grahaNa karane kA varNana hai|5 dazAzrutaskandha meM zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana hai|' AvazyakasUtra meM SaT Avazyaka, bAraha vratoM ke aticAroM kA varNana hai|' 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/4/210 2. sthAnAMgasUtra, 5/1/389 3. samavAyAMgasUtra, 11/5 4. uvAsagadasAo, 1/14-75 5. vipAkasUtra, 2/1-10 6. dazAzrutaskandha, 6/1-2 7. AvazyakasUtra-muni puNyavijaya, AzvAsa 6

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zrAvakAcAra anya granthoM meM zrAvakAcAra AgamoM ke paravartI mUla granthoM meM AcArya umAsvAti ke tattvArtha sUtra meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA varNana hai jinameM pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata, cAra zikSAvratoM kA ullekha hai / isake sAtha hI inake aticAroM kA bhI varNana hai / " AcArya haribhadra ne dharma-bindu- prakaraNa meM jaina mArgAnugAmiyoM ke paiMtIsa guNoM kA sarvaprathama varNana kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata, cAra zikSAvratoM ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvaka ke dainika SaTkarma aura tIna manorathoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / suvihita AcArya jinezvara ne sthAnaprakaraNa meM SaTkarmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / AcArya javAhara ne gRhastha dharma ke tIna khaNDoM meM pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata, cAra zikSAvratoM ke sAtha SaTAvazyakoM kA varNana kiyA hai| mahAsatI ujjvala kuMvara ne zrAvaka dharma meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA varNana kiyA hai / 4 bAraha vrata pA~ca aNuvratoM ke sambandha meM kahIM bhI matabheda nahIM hai / unake nAma bheda avazya prApta hote haiM | AcArya kundakunda ne apane cAritraprAbhRta meM pA~caveM aNuvrata kA nAma 'pariggahAraMbha parimANa' rakhA hai evaM caturtha aNuvrata kA nAma 'parapimma parihAra' jisakA artha parastrItyAga hai tathA prathama aNuvrata kA nAma 'sthUlakAyavadhaparihAra' rakhA hai / " AcArya samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra' meM cauthe aNuvrata kA nAma 'paradAranivRtti' aura 'svadAra santoSa' rakhA hai, evaM pA~caveM aNuvrata kA nAma 'parigraha parimANa' ke sAtha 'icchAparimANa' bhI rakhA hai / AcArya raviSeNa ne cauthe vrata kA nAma 1. tattvArthasUtra, 7 2. ka. yogazAstra, 2 kha. yogazAstra, 3 3. ka. gRhasthadharma - AcArya javAhara, 31, 32 vIM kiraNa kha. vahI, 33 vIM kiraNa, 3/9-85 ga. vahI, 3/89-209 gha. vahI, 3 / 210-270 4. mahAsatI ujjvalakuMvara - zrAvakadharmaM 5. cAritrasAra, gAthA 23 6. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka 13, 15 77

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78 DapAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana 'paradArasamAgama virati' evaM pAMcaveM kA 'anantaga'virati' diyA hai|' AdipurANa meM cauthe vrata kA 'parastrIsevananivRti' evaM pA~caveM kA nAma 'tRSNAprakarSanivRti' rakhA hai / 2 guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM ke bhI nAmoM evaM saMkhyAoM meM bheda pAye jAte haiN| upabhogaparibhoga, dizA parimANa va anarthadaNDa viramaNa tIna guNavata evaM sAmAyika dezAvakAzika, prauSadha aura atithisaMvibhAga cAra zikSAvrata haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne cAritraprAbhRta tathA raviSeNa ne padmacarita meM dizAvidizA pramANa, anarthadaNDatyAga evaM bhogopabhoga parimANa ye tIna guNavata va sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, atithipUjA va sallekhanA ye cAra zikSAvrata batalAye haiN| prAkRta bhAvasaMgraha va sAvayadhammadohA meM bhI yahI krama hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM guNavrata tathA zikSAkta ye bheda nahIM karake sAta zolavata batalAye haiM, yathA-digvirati, dezavirati, anarthadaNDa, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, upabhoga paribhoga parimANa evaM atithisaMvibhAga / sallekhanA ko inameM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhayupAya, somadeva ne upAsakAdhyayana, amitagati upAsakAcAra, padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA aura lATo saMhitA meM bhI upayukta sAta zIla hI batAye haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM AcArya vasunandi ne dignata, anarthadaNDa evaM bhogopabhogaparimANavata, ye tIna guNavata evaM dezAvakAzika, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa aura vaiyAvRtya ye cAra zikSAvrata batalAye haiN|' harivaMzapurANa meM guNavrata to tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra hI haiM parantu zikSAvrata meM bhogopabhogaparimANa ke sthAna para sallekhanA ko jor3A hai| AdipurANa meM digvrata, dezavrata aura anarthadaNDa ko guNavrata tathA sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, atithisaMvibhAga va sallekhanA ko zikSAvata kahA 1. padmamacaritta, 14/184-185 2. AdipurANa, 10/63 3. ka. caritraprAbhRta, gAthA 24-25 kha. padmacarita, 14/198-199 4. tattvArthasUtra, 7/21 5. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 67, 91 6. harivaMzapurANa, 18/46-47

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zrAvakAcAra hai| svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA aura sAgAradharmAmata meM bhI ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra kA krama hI apanAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina sAhitya meM prAcIna samaya se ho zrAvakAcAra kA nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai| deza-kAla kI AvazyakatAnusAra zrAvakAcAra meM kramazaH vikAsa bhI huA hai| kintu usake mUla meM manuSya ke AcaraNa ko saMyamita, dharmamaya evaM naitika banAne kI bhAvanA rahI hai| Age zrAvakAcAra ke viziSTa mUlyAMkana se jaina dharma meM sAdhanA kA svarUpa adhika spaSTa ho skegaa| aNuvrata zabda kA artha, svarUpa evaM vargIkaraNa zrAvaka-sAdhanA kA mUla usake vratoM para nirbhara hai| inake abhAva meM zrAvakasAdhanA arthahIna hai| isIlie jaina dharma meM zrAvaka ke AcAra dharma ko prAthamikatA dI gayI hai / zrAvaka kA yaha AcAra dharma dvAdaza vratoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita hai / ina vratoM meM sarvaprathama aNuvrata Ate haiM :aNuvrata kA svarUpa zrAvaka jina vratoM kA yathAzakti paripAlana karatA hai ve aNuvrata kahalAte haiN| yaha 'aNuvrata' zabda 'aNu + vrata' do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai / 'aNu' kA artha hai-alpa yA laghu aura 'vrata' kA artha niyama se hai| arthAt mana aura vacana kI ekatA dvArA satkarma kI ora pravRtta hone ke jo laghu niyama haiM, ve hI aNuvrata haiN| yadyapi aNu kA zAbdika artha choTA bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu vAstava meM vrata choTA yA bar3A nahIM hotA hai| vrata ko akhaNDa grahaNa nahIM kara pAne para vaha apUrNa 'aNu' hotA hai aura isa apUrNa se pUrNatA kI ora prayAsa hI zrAvaka kA 'lakSya' hotA hai| pUrNatA kI sImA ko prApta karanA mahAbata hotA hai jo jAti, deza, kAla Adi bandhanoM se Upara hotA hai / isI mahAvrata kA laghu saMskaraNa aNuvrata hai| Atmabodha va AdhyAtmika zakti kI apekSA aNuvratoM meM bhI banI rahatI hai / 1. AdipurANa, 10/65-66 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 341-368

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80 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana upAsakadazAMgasUtra zrAvaka-AcAra kA pratipAdana karane vAlA prAcIna AgamoM kA pratinidhi grantha hai| isake prathama adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se dharmopadeza zravaNa karane ke pazcAt Ananda zrAvaka ne kahA ki maiM anya rAjA-mahArAjAoM kI taraha saMsAra-tyAga kara munivrata grahaNa karane meM asamartha haiM, parantu maiM Apake pAsa pA~ca aNavrata tathA sAta zikSAvata mUlaka bAraha prakAra kA gRhastha dharma svIkAra karanA cAhatA huuN|' isa kathana ke uparAnta isa grantha meM pratyeka aNuvrata kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai, jisakA varNana Age kiyA jA rahA hai: bhagavatIArAdhanA meM prANavadha, maSAvAda, corI, paradArAgamana tathA parigraha ke sthUla tyAga ko aNuvrata kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM AcArya samantabhadra ne hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ina pA~ca sthUla pApoM ke tyAga ko aNuvrata kahA hai| AcArya umAsvAti Adi aneka vidvAnoM ne hiMsAdi pAMca pApoM ke eka deza tyAga ko aNuvrata kahA hai| zrAvakaprajJapti meM AcArya haribhadrasUri ne sthUla prANIvadhAdi se virata hone ko aNuvrata mAnA hai|" mahApurANa meM AcArya jinasena ne sthUla hiMsAdi doSoM se virakti ko aNuvrata kahA hai|' sAgAradharmAmRta meM paM0 1. paMcANuvvaiyaM satta sikkhAvaiyaM duvAlasavihaM gihidhamma paDivajjissAmI uvAsagadazAo, 1/12 2. pANavadha-musAvAdA-dattAdAna paradAragamaNehiM / aparimidicchAdo vi a aNuvvayAi virmnnaai| -bhagavatIArAdhanA, gAthA-2080 3. prANAtipAtavitatha vyAhArasteya kAma mUbhyiH / / sthUlebhyaH pApebhyaH vyuparamaNamaNuvrataM bhavati / -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 52 4. ka. tattvArthasUtra, 7/1-2 kha. tattvArthabhASyavRtti, 7/2 ga. tattvArthavArtika, 7/2-2 ga. tattvArthabhASya, 7/2 Ga. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 7/2 ca. tattvArthazrutasAgarIvRtti, 7/2 __ cha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 1/1/188 5. thUla pANi (Na) vahassa (ssa) virai, duvihI a so vaho hoi saMkappAraMbhehiM ya vajjai, saMkappao vihiNA"-zrAvaka prajJapti, 107 6. mahApurANa, 39/4

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zrAvakAcAra AzAdhara ne kisI gRha nirata zrAvaka meM anumodanA ko chor3a kara zeSa chaha bhaMgoM ke dvArA sthUla hiMsAdi se nivRta honA ahiMsA Adi aNuvrata kahA hai|' yogazAstra meM AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai ki virati sthala hiMsAdedvividha trividhAdinA / ahiMsAdoni paJcANuvratAni jagadurjinAH / / arthAt do karaNa tIna yoga Adi se sthUla hiMsA Adi doSoM ke tyAga ko jinendra deva ne aNuvrata kahA hai / 2 / isa prakAra jaina AgamoM se lekara uttaravartI granthoM meM aNavratoM ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jo jAnakArI prApta hotI hai, usase aNuvrata kA sAmAnya lakSaNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| zAbdika dRSTi se aNuvrata kA artha choTA, laghu tathA alpavrata kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu hiMsA Adi pApoM kA sthUla tyAga (trasa jIva sambandhI tyAga) hI aNuvrata kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahma evaM parigraha kA eka deza ( aMza ) tyAga, yA yoM kaheM ki kisI bhI pApa ko do karaNa tIna yoga se tyAganA, aNuvrata hotA hai| yahA~ do karaNa se tAtparya na svayaM karanA na karavAnA aura tIna yoga se tAtparya mana, vacana, kAya se hai| aNuvratoM ko saMkhyA-- prAyaH sabhI jaina granthoM meM aNuvratoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca kahI gayI hai / inake nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. ahiMsA aNuvrata (prANavadha kA tyAga) 2. satyANuvrata ( mRSAvAda kA tyAga ) 3. asteyANuvrata ( adattAdAna kA tyAga) 4. brahmacaryANuvrata ( paradArAgamana tyAga) 5. aparigraha aNuvrata ( parigraha parimANa ) inake svarUpa ko kAlakrama evaM vikAsakrama kI dRSTi se isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai| 1. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/5 2. yogazAstra, 2/18

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana vibhinna aNuvrata evaM aticAra . ahiMsANuvrata ahiMsA aNuvrata ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane ke lie AcAryoM ne pahale hiMsA ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| hiMsA ke tyAga ko mUla rUpa se ahiMsA kahA jAtA hai| isa kAraNa pahale yaha jAnanA jarUrI hai ki hiMsA kA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai ? hiMsA kA svarUpa AcArAMgasUtra meM hiMsA kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki pramAda va kAma bhogoM meM jo Asakti hotI hai, vahI hiMsA hai|' upAsakadazAMgasUtra va AvazyakasUtra meM prANAtipAta ko hiMsA kahA hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki pramAda va kaSAyavaza kisI bhI prANI ke prANoM ko mana, vacana va kAya se bAdhA pahu~cAnA hiMsA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne pramatta yoga se prANoM kA vyaparopaNa karane ko hiMsA kahA hai|4 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM sthUla prANaghAta ko hiMsA mAnakara isase virata hone ko ahiMsA aNuvrata kahA hai| puruSArthasiddhayapAya meM kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara dravya va bhAvarUpa se prANoM ke ghAta ko hisA kahA hai| ataH sAra rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI ke prati rAgAdi evaM kaSAya-bhAvoM kA utpanna honA hiMsA hai| inhIM bhAvoM ke kAraNa kiso ke prANoM kA ghAta hotA hai| ataH hiMsA kevala zarIraghAta taka sImita nahIM hai, usakA sambandha mAnasika evaM bhavanAtmaka prANaghAta se bhI hai| 1. "etthasatthaM asamArambhamANassa iccete ArambhA pariNAyA bhavanti" -AcArAMga, 1/4/36 2. ka. tappaDhamAe thUlagaM pANAivAya -uvAsagadasAo, 1/13 kha. thUlagaM pANAivAya paccakkhAi / -AvazyakasUtra, pahalA aNuvrata 3. praznavyAkaraNa-sUtra, 1/5/1 4. "pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiNsaa"| -tattvArthasUtra 7/13 5. "prANAtipAta sthUlebhyaH pApebhyo vyuparamaNamaNuvrata bhavati" -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 1/52 6. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 43

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zrAvakAcAra 83 hiMsA ke prakAra hiMsA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie usake vibhinna prakAroM para bhI daSTipAta karanA jarUrI hai| agara vAstavika rUpa se dekheM to hiMsA hara taraha se hiMsA hI hotI hai, parantu vizleSaNAtmaka dRSTi se isake aneka bheda bhI kiye jA sakate haiM : "saMtime tau AyANA jehiM kIrai pAvagaM abhikammAya pesAya, maNasA aNujANiyA" sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM karanA, karavAnA va mana se anumodana karanA-ye tIna prakAra kI hiMsA batalAI hai / ' upAsakadazAMgasUtra va dazavekAlikasUtra meM bhI kRta, kArita evaM anumodita-tIna prakAra kI hiMsA batAI hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Ananda zrAvaka vratoM ko grahaNa karate samaya kRta aura kArita hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM hiMsA ke 108 prakAra batAye gaye haiN| ve likhate haiM ki saraMbha, samArambha aura Arambha rUpa tIna prakAra kI hiMsA; mana, vacana, kAya rUpa tIna yogoM se kRta, kArita va anumodanArUpa tIna karaNa se; krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha rUpa cAra kaSAyoM se nirantara hotI rahatI hai / inako paraspara guNA karane para 108 saMkhyA ho jAtI hai| darzanasAra meM hiMsA ke jAna-bUjha kara huI tathA anajAna meM huI-aise do bheda kiye haiN| bAda meM inhIM ke udyamI, ArambhI evaM virodhI tIna bheda kiye haiN| Adhunika AcAragraMthoM meM hiMsA ke cAra bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai, yahA~ saMkalpI, ArambhI, udyogI evaM virodhI ye cAra bheda kiye haiN| 1. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/2/26 2. ka. "tappaDhamAe thUlagaM pANAivAyaM paccakkhAi jAvajjIvAe davihaM tiviheNaM na karemi na kAravemi" uvAsagadasAo, 1/13 kha. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/10 / 3. saraMbha samArambhArambharyoga kRtakAritAnumataiH / sakaSAyairambhastaitarasA sampadyate hiMsA ||-amitgtishraavkaacaar, 6/12 . 4. sogAnI, ke. sI., ithikala DAkTrIna Apha jainijma, pRSTha 77 5. ka. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pRSTha 297 kha. muni puSkara-zrAvaka dharma-darzana, pRSTha 117

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84 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana isa prakAra hiMsA ke svarUpa tathA prakAra kI sahI jAnakArI prApta kara, zrAvaka usase bacane kA jo prayatna karatA hai vahI usakA ahiMsANuvrata hai| usake svarUpa ko kAlakramAnusAra isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai : ahiMsA kA svarUpa vibhinna Agama granthoM va uttaravartI sAhitya meM ahiMsA aNuvrata ke sambandha meM jo varNana prApta hotA hai, use saMkSepa meM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai : sthAnAMgasUtra meM aNuvratoM ke 'sthUlaprANAtipAta, sthUlamRSAvAda, sthUlaadattAdAna, sthUlamaithuna evaM sthUlaparigraha kA tyAga' ye pAMca bheda ginAye haiN|' praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kevala sAra rUpa meM ahiMsA Adi vratoM ke Upara prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zrAvaka-dharma ke pratinidhi grantha ke rUpa meM upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke prathama adhyAya meM Ananda zrAvaka ahiMsA aNuvrata ko grahaNa karatA huA pratijJA karatA hai : "thUlagaM pANAivAyaM paccakkhAi, jAvajjIvAe duvihaM tiviheNaM na karemi na kAravemi maNasA vayasA kAyasA" arthAt maiM yAvajjIvana mana, vacana evaM zarIra se sthUla prANAtipAta na svayaM karU~gA, na kraauuNgaa|2 AvazyakasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki zrAvaka sthUla prANAtipAta kA tyAga karatA hai| vaha prANAtipAta do prakAra kA hotA hai-saMkalpajA tathA ArambhajjA / isameM se zrAvaka saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai, ArambhI hiMsA kA nahIM / AcArya kundakunda ne apane 1. paMcANuvvayA paNNatA taMjahA-thUlAo pANAivAyAo veramaNaM, thUlAo musAvA yAo veramaNaM, thUlAo adiNNAdANAo veramaNaM, thUlAo mehuNAo veramaNaM, icchAparimANe // -sthAnAMgasUtra, 5/1/2 2. uvAsagadasAo, 1/13 3. "thUlagaM pANAivAiyaM samaNovAsao paccakkhAI se pANAivAie duvihe paNNatte taMjahA-saMkappao ya aarNbho| tattha samaNovAsao saMkappao jAvajjIvAe paccakkhAi no aarNbho|" -muni puSkara-zrAvaka dharmadarzana, pRSTha 110 se uddhRta

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zrAvakAcAra cAritrapAhaDa meM eka hI gAthA meM aNuvratoM ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kara diyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki sthUla trasakAya kA ghAta, sthUla asatya, sthala adattA yAni binA diyA dhana, parastrI kA tyAga aura parigraha tathA Arambha kA parimANa, pA~ca aNuvrata hai|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM mana, vacana, kAya ina tInoM yogoM ke saMkalpa se kRta, kArita va anumodanA se jo trasa jIvoM ko nahIM mAratA hai,use ahiMsA aNuvratI kahA hai| 2 svAmI kArtikeya ne kArtikeyAnuprekSA, meM jo apane samAna dUsaroM ko mAnatA hai tathA dayA sahita vyavahAra karatA hai, apanI nindA evaM garhA se yukta hai, mahAn ArambhoM kA parihAra karatA huA sa jIvoM ke ghAta ko tIna karaNa tIna yogoM se nahIM karatA hai use ahiMsA aNuvrata kA dhArI kahA hai| puruSArthasiddhayapAya ahiMsA aNuvrata ke svarUpa meM AcArya kundakunda kA anumodana karatA hai| upAsakAdhyayana meM devatA ke lie, atithi ke lie, pitaroM ke lie, maMtra kI siddhi ke lie, auSadhi ke lie yA bhaya se saba prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM karanA ahiMsAvrata kahA hai|5 vasUnandi-zrAvakAcAra meM trasa jIvoM kI ghAta evaM niSkAraNa ekendriya jIvoM kI bhI ghAta na karane ko ahiMsAvata kahA hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM paM0 AzAdhara ne uparyukta sabhI kA khulAsA karate hue kahA hai ki zrAvaka anumodanA se virata nahIM ho sakatA hai ataH vaha tIna yoga tathA do karaNa se hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| yahIM para sAMkalpika hiMsA ke tyAga kA upadeza dete hae kahate haiM ki gahavAsa Arambha ke binA evaM Arambha hiMsA ke binA nahIM hotA / isalie gRhavAsI 1. thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adattathUle ya / parihAro para mahilA paraggahAraMbha parimANaM -cAritrapAhuDa, 25 2. saGkalpAta kRta kArita mananAdhogatrayasya carasattvAn / na hinasti yattadAhuH sthUlavadhAdviramaNaM nipuNAH / / -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 53 3. kAtikeyAnuprekSA, zloka 30-31 4. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 75 5. upAsakAdhyayana, 7/305 6. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, zloka 209 7. sAgArAdharmAmRta, adhyAya 4, zloka 5

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana ko 'maiM mAratA hU~" isa prakAra kI saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga kara denA cAhie kintu khetI AjIvikA karate hue jo Arambhika hiMsA hotI hai, vaha zrAvaka ke lie dustyaja hai|' yahA~ sAMkalpika hiMsA ke tyAga ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki hiMsaka prANiyoM kI bhI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki isameM atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai / uparyukta zAstroM aura granthoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki gRhI sthUla rUpa se yA eka deza rUpa se hiMsA kA tyAga kre| zAstrIya dRSTi se pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu evaM vanaspati kI hiMsA sUkSma kahI jAtI hai, evaM halana-calana karane vAle beindri, teindri, caurindri aura paMcendriya kI hiMsA sthUla kahI gayI hai| ye trasajIva kahe jAte haiN| isake sAtha-sAtha jinheM apane cakSuoM se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai jisako cetanA susupta hotI hai, aise jIvoM kI hiMsA se bhI zrAvaka viveka yukta hokara bacatA hai| yadyapi gRhasthAvAsa meM rahate hue bhojanAdi kI samasyA kA samAdhAna evaM pArivArika jimmedAriyoM ko uThAye rakhane meM sUkSma hiMsA se baca pAnA kaThina hotA hai, ataH vaha apane Apako trasa hiMsA se alaga hone kI pratijJA meM hI bAMdhatA hai| eka aura tathya yaha hai ki zrAvaka sthUla hiMsA meM bhI saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| kisI ko "maiM mArU~" isa bhAvanA se hiMsA karanA saMkalpI hiMsA hai / parantu gRhasthAvAsa meM rahane ke kAraNa, kabhI makAna nirmANa ke prasaMga se, kabhI kheta meM hala jotane ke prasaMga se, kabhI sAmAjika vyavasthA meM kisI aniSTakArI ko haTAne, rAjyAdi kAryoM meM cora-DakaitoM ko daNDa dene ityAdi kAryoM meM kaI sthala jIvoM kI ghAta kA prasaMga banane para zrAvaka sthUla hiMsA ke (ArambhI hiMsA) tyAga kaise nibhA sakatA hai ? isalie kisI kI ghAta karane kI icchA nahIM karate hue bhI dainika aura vyAvahArika kArya karate hue kisI prANI kA vadha ho jAya to vaha ArambhI hiMsA kahalAtI hai, jise ahiMsANuvratI zrAvaka ko karanI par3atI hai| aSTamUlaguNa ahiMsANuvrata ke pAlana ke prasaMga meM hiMsA ke vividha prakAroM se bacane ke lie kucha jaina AcAryoM ne aSTamUlaguNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 1. sAgAradharmAmRta, adhyAya, 4, zloka, 12 ":

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zrAvakAcAra 87 mahApurANa meM bhI paMca udumbara phala ATha mUlaguNoM kA sarvaprathama ullekha svAmI samantabhadrAcArya ke ratna - karaNDaka-zrAvakAcAra meM prApta hotA hai| unhoMne madya, mAMsa va madhu ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha pA~ca aNuvratoM ko ATha mUla-guNa kahA hai|' AcArya raviSeNa ne apane padmapurANa meM madhu, madya, mAMsa, juA, rAtri bhojana, vezyAgamana ke tyAga ko niyama kahA hai / isameM mUlaguNa zabda kA ullekha nahIM hai / A0 jinasena ne rAtri bhojana ke sthAna para udumbara tyAga evaM vezyAgamana meM parastrI ko jor3akara raviSeNa kA samarthana kara diyA hai| aSTamUlaguNa zabda na dekara madhu-tyAga, mAMsa-parityAga, bhakSaNa - parihAra evaM hiMsAdi pApoM se virati sarvakAlika vrata rUpa diyA hai | AcArya amRta canda ne puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM kahA hai ki hiMsA ke tyAga ke icchuka ko madya, mAMsa, madhu aura pAMca udumbara phaloM ko chor3anA cAhie / " somadevasUri ne upAsakAdhyayana meM bhI inhIM ATha ko mUlaguNa kahA hai| AcArya devasena ne apane bhAvasaMgraha meM tathA AcArya padmanandi ne paMcavizatikA meM bhI yahI ATha mUlaguNa batAye haiM / ' paM0 AzAdhara ne sAgAradharmAmRta meM bhI ATha mUlaguNoM ko ginAkara AcArya samantabhadra va mahApurANa kI mAnyatA kA hI pratipAdana kara diyA hai / ' isa prakAra mukhya rUpa se amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhayupAya, somadeva ne upAsakAdhyayana, amitagati ne upAsakAcAra, padmanandi ne paMcaviMzatikA, sAvayadhamma dohA, AzAdhara ne sAgAradharmAmRta tathA lATIsaMhitA meM pA~ca 1. madya-mAMsa-madhutyAgaiH sahANuvratapaJcakam aSTo mUlaguNAnAhurgRhiNAM zramaNottamA // 2. padmapurANa, 202 3. harivaMzapurANa, gAthA 48 4. mahApurANa, 38/122 5. puruSArthaMsiddhayupAya, zloka 61 va 74 6. madya mAMsamadhu tyAge sahodumbarapaJcakaiH aSTAvete gRhasthAnAmuktA mulaguNAH zrute - upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 255 7. bhAvasaMgraha, zloka 356 8. paMcaviMzatikA, zloka 23 9. sAgAradharmAmRta, adhyAya 2, zloka 2, 3 - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 66

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upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana udumbara evaM tIna makAroM ke tyAga ko aSTamUlaguNa kahA hai| paM0 horAlAla zAstrI ne vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra kI bhUmikA meM ina aSTamUlaguNoM ke sambandha meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai / " ina mUlaguNoM kI pAlanA meM mukhya rUpa sa ahiMsA kI pAlanA nihita hai| isase zrAvaka kA khAna-pAna bhI ahiMsaka ho sakatA hai / aticAra 88 ahiMsANuvrata ke pAlana ke lie hiMsA se bacanA jarUrI hai, utanA hI ahiMsA ke aticAroM se bhI / aticAra Adi ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM prAcIna jaina granthoM meM vistAra se varNana prApta hotA hai / jaina Agama sAhitya sthAnAMgasUtra meM vrata ke khaNDana ko cAra koTiyA~ batAI gayI haiM (ka) atikrama - vrata meM skhalanA kA mana meM cintana honA / (kha) vyatikrama - vrata ko khaNDita karane ke sAdhana juTAnA / (ga) aticAra - vrata kA AMzika rUpa se khaNDana / (gha) anAcAra -- vrata kA khaNDana / isa prakAra anajAna meM yA anabhijJatA meM vrata meM kahIM skhalanA ho jAtI hai to use aticAra kahA jAtA hai / jJAniyoM ne pratyeka vrata ke pA~capA~ca aticAra kahe haiM : upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM ahiMsA aNuvrata ke pA~ca aticAroM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai " tayAnaMtara ca NaM thUlagassa pANAivAya veramaNassa samaNovAsa evaM paMca aiyArA peyAlA jANiyavvA na samAyariyA / taM jahA baMdhe, vahe, chavicchee, aibhAre, bhattapANavocchee" 1. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, prastAvanA, pRSTha 35 2. "tividhe atikkame paNNatte.... tividhe vaikkame paNNatte.... tividhe aiyAra paNNatte.... tividhe aNAyArepaNNatte" / 3/4/175 - sthAnAMgasUtra-muni madhukara,

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zrAvakAcAra arthAt sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiM jinheM jAnanA cAhie para AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| ve baMdha, vadha, chaviccheda, bhattapAnaviccheda, atibhAra haiN|' tatvArthasUtra meM baMdha, vadha, ccheda, atibhAra tathA annapAnanirodha ahiMsANuvrata ke aticAra mAne haiN| ratnakaraMNDakazrAvakAcAra meM ukta pA~coM ko hI aticAra ginAye haiN|3 AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM, AcArya amitagati ne zrAvakAcAra meM evaM paM0 AzAdhara ne sAgAradharmAmRta meM ukta pA~coM ko hI aticAra batAye haiN| ahiMsA ke ina pA~coM aticAroM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai1. bandha-upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM pazu yA dAsa-dAsI ko aisA bAMdhanA jisase use kaSTa ho, bandha kahA gayA hai|" 'bandhodvipadAdInAraMjvAdInA saMyamaNaM' tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA sarvArthasiddhi meM abhISTa sthAna para jAne se rokane ke kAraNa ko bandha kahA hai| cAmuNDAcArya ne cAritrasAra meM pratyeka aticAra kA varNana kiyA hai| vahA~ apane gantavya sthAna para jAne se rokane ke nimitta kIla, khaTI Adi meM rassI Adi se kisI ko bAMdhanA bandha nAmaka aticAra mAnA hai| AcArya sakalakoti ne apane praznottara zrAvakAcAra meM baMdha kA artha pazu Adi ko rassI se majabUto 1. uvAsagadasAo, sUtra 41 / 2. bandha-vadha-cchedAtibhArAropaNAnnapAna nirodhAH -tattvArthasUtra, 7/25 3. chedana bandhana-pIDanamati bhArAropaNaM vyaticArAH / AhAravAraNApi ca sthUlavadhAka vyuparateH paJca-ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 54 4. ka. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 183 kha. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/3 ga. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4,15 5. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-abhayadeva pRSTha 27 6. abhimatadezagati nirodha hetu baMdhaH-sarvArthasiddhi, 7/25 7. tatrAbhimatadezagamanaM pratyutsukasya tatpratibandhahetoH kIlAdiSu rajjvAdibhirvyatiSaGgo bandhaH-cAritrasAra, pR0 238

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana se bAMdhanA kiyA hai / ' lATIsaMhitA meM kisI bhI pazu ko sAMkala, rassI Adi se isa prakAra kasakara bAMdhanA jisase use kaSTa pahuMce, bandha kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra ke vicAra sAgAradharmAmata ke vivecanakAra aura upAsakadazAMga ke TIkAkAroM ne bhI prakaTa kiye haiN| , vadha-upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM 'vadhoyaSTayAdibhistADana' kahakara vadha kA artha ghAtaka prahAra, jisase aMgopAGga ko hAni pahu~ce, kiyA hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM lakar3I, cAbuka yA beMta Adi se tAr3ita karane ko vadha kahA hai / cAritrasAra va praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM bhI yahI svarUpa batAyA hai|'' lATI-saMhitA meM kisI bhI puruSa yA pazu ko lakar3I, beMta, thappar3a, ghUsA mArane ko vadha kahA hai| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne kisI kI majabarI kA phAyadA uThAnA evaM anaitika dRSTi se zoSaNa karane ko bhI vadha hI mAnA hai| 3. chaviccheda-upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM 'chavichedattizarorAvayavachedaH' kahakara krodha meM Akara kisI kA aGga kATa DAlanA, apanI prasannatA ke lie kutte Adi kI pUcha kATanA artha kiyA hai| zrAvakaprajJaptiTokA evaM dhavalapurANa meM chavi ko zarIra kahakara karapatrAdi dvArA zarIra ko chedane ko chaviccheda kahA hai| cAritrasAra va praznottarazrAvakAcAra 1. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 12/135 2. lATI-saMhitA, adhyayana 4/264 3. upAsadazAMgaTIkA-abhayadeva pRSTha 27 4. daNDa-kazA vaibhAdibhirabhighAtaH prANinAM vadhaH-sarvArthasiddhi, 7/25 5. ka. cAritrasAra-zrAvakAcArasaMgraha, bhAga 1/239 se uddhRta kha. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 12/136 6. lATIsaMhitA, 4/263 / / 7. zAstrI, devendra muni-jaina AcAra : svarUpa aura siddhAnta, pRSTha 301 8. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 27 9. ka. chaviH zarIram tasya chedaH pATanaM kara patrAdibhiH-zrAvakaprajJapti, 258 kha. chavi zarIraM tasya pahAdINaM kiriyA visesehi khaMDaNaM chedochavicchedo, dhavala-- purANa 14, pR0 401 .

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zrAvakAcAra meM jIva ke nAka kAnAdi aGgoM ko kATane ko chaviccheda nAma diyA hai|' lATI-saMhitA meM kisI ko duHkha dene vAlA adhika chedana isake antargata mAnA hai / 2 jaina AcAryoM ne vyakti ko ucita pArizramika se kama dene ko bhI chaviccheda mAnA hai|' atibhAra-upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM 'aibhAre tti atibhArAropaNaM tathAvidha zakti vikalAnAM mahAbhArAropaNam' kahakara sAmarthya se adhika bojha lAdanA, yA zakti hIna vikalAMgoM para bhAra DAlanA, adhika kAma lenA artha kiyA hai|4 zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM dvipada, catuSpada jitane bojha ko kandhe athavA pITha para svAbhAvika rUpa se le jA sake, usase adhika lAdanA atibhAra mAnA hai|5 cAritrasAra tathA praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM ati lobha se vyaktiyoM para nyAyasaMgata bhAra se adhika lAdane ko isake antargata mAnA hai| kahIM-kahIM para zakti se adhika kArya karAne ko bhI atibhAra mAnA hai / 5. annapAna nirodha-upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM-'azanapAnIyApradAnamihAya vibhAgaH' kahakara mUka pazu ko bhUkhA-pyAsA rakhanA evaM samaya para cArApAnI nahIM dene ko annapAna nirodha kahA hai| cAritrasAra meM baila Adi ke khAna-pAna ko rokakara bhUkha-pyAsa se pIr3ita karanA annapAna 1 ka. cAritrasAra-zrAvakAcArasaMgraha, bhAga 1/239 kha. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 12/137 2. lATIsaMhitA, 4/265 3. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina AcAra : svarUpa aura siddhAnta, pR0 301 4 upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 27 5. bharaNaM bhAraH atibharaNam atibhAra : prabhUtasya pUgaphalAdeH skandhapRSThAropaNa mityarthaH-zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 258 6. ka. cAritrasAra-zrAvakAcArasaMgraha, 1/239 kha. praznottara zrAvakAcAra, 12/138 ga. lATIsaMhitA 4/268 7. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina AcAra, siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pRSTha 301 8. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-abhayadevasUri, pRSTha 27

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana nirodha mAnA hai| jisakA samarthana praznottarazrAvakAcAra evaM lATIsaMhitA ke racayitAoM ne kiyA hai| naukara Adi ko samaya para vetana nahIM denA bhI isI meM sammilita hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA aNuvrata meM zrAvaka mana, vacana va zarIra ke dvArA trasajIvoM kI ahiMsA karane tathA karavAne kA tyAga karatA hai| isa sthUlatyAga ke sAtha-sAtha sUkSma jIvoM kI bhI hiMsA anAvazyaka rUpa se nahIM karatA hai / hara kArya ko viveka yukta hokara karatA hai| ahiMsA aNuvrata ke pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha hI zrAvaka ko aise doSoM ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhakara calanA hotA hai jinase vrata-khaNDana hone kI AzaMkA hotI hai| ahiMsA ke krodha meM Akara kisI ko bAMdhanA, kisI ko mAranA,aMga kA khaNDana karanA, kisI ke kSamatA se jyAdA bhAra lAdanA evaM kisI ke khAne-pIne meM bAdhA paha~cAnA, ye pAMca doSa mAne gaye haiN| ataH vivekI zrAvaka ina doSoM se bacakara ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| satya aNugata zrAvaka ke pAMca aNuvratoM meM satya kA dUsarA sthAna hai| satya kA sAmAnya artha asatya bhASaNa nahIM karane se liyA jAtA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM mRSAvAda ko asatya kahA hai| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM alIka vacana ko asatya kahA hai|4 tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvati ne "asabhidhAnamanRtam" kahakara yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki vaha vacana jisase prANiyoM ko pIr3A pahu~catI ho, cAhe vaha saca ho yA jhUTha, asatya kahalAtA hai / 5 dhavalA0 meM aprazasta vacana kA nAma mRSAvAda kahakara aisA vacana-kalApa mithyAtva, asaMyama, kaSAya va pramAda ke Azraya se utpanna honA batAyA hai| sarvArtha 1. cAritrasAra-zrAvakAcArasaMgraha, 1/239 2. ka. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 12/139 kha. lATIsaMhitA, 4/270 3. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM thUlagaM musAvAyaM paccakkhAi-uvAsagadasAo, 1/14 4. jaMbU ! bitiyaM ca aliyavayaNaM-praznavyAkaraNa-suttAgame, pRSTha 1205 5. tattvArthasUtra, 7/14 6. asaMtavayaNaM musaavaado| kimasaMtavayaNaM ? micchatAsaMjama-kaSAya-pamAduTThAviyo vayaNakalAvo-dhavalA0 12, pRSTha 279

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zrAvakAcAra siddhi ke kartA ne asad kA artha aprazasta kiyA hai| puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai ki jo pramAda ke yoga se asad kathana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha asatya kahalAtA hai|' ataH aise vacana jinase prANiyoM ko pIr3A kA anubhava hotA hai, unake Atma sammAna ko Thesa pahu~catI hai evaM pramAdavaza hokara apalApa kiyA jAtA hai ve saba asatya kI saMjJA pAte haiN| asatya ke prakArasthAnAMgasUtra meM asatya ke cAra prakAra batalAye gaye haiM "cauvvihe mose paNNatte taMjahA kAyaaNujjuyayA, bhAsa aNujjuyayA, bhAva aNujjuyayA, visaMvAdaNAjoge" / arthAt kAya ke dvArA, asatya vacana ke dvArA ayathArtha, mana meM kuTilatA rakhanA, visaMvAdoM se dhokhA denaa|2 upAsakadazAMgasatra meM mana, vacana va kAya se tIna prakAra kA asatya kahA hai| zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra meM evaM yogazAstra meM vara, kanyA ke sambandha meM, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM ke sambandha meM, bhUmi ke viSaya meM pAMca prakAra ke asatya kahe haiM / 4 puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM asatya ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM / yathA(ka) vidyamAna vastu kA niSedha karanA-arthAt jisa vacana meM apane dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se vidyamAna vastu bhI niSedhita kI jAtI hai| (kha) avidyamAna ko vidyamAna batAnA-jisa vacana meM para dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se avidyamAna ko bhI vastu svarUpa meM prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| 1. (ka) upAsakAdhyayana-somadevasUri, prastAvanA 77 (kha) puruSArtha siddha yupAya, 91 2. sthAnAMgasUtra, adhyayana 4 3. musAvAyaM paccakkhAI xx manasA, vayasA, kAyasA-uvAsagadasAo, 1/14 4. ka. zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra, dUsarA aNuvrata kha. yogazAstra 2/54 5. puruSArthasiddhaya pAya, 92 6. vahI, 93

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24 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana (ga) kucha kA kucha kahanA-jisa vacana meM aneka svarUpa catuSTaya se vidyamAna vastu bhI anya svarUpa meM kahI jAtI hai|' (gha) cauthe asatya ke tIna bheda haiM--gahita, sAvadha aura apriya 1. jo vacana duSTatA va ha~so se mizrita hoM tathA mithyAtva rUpa evaM vyartha hoM, ve sabhI garhita haiM / 2. jina vacanoM se prANighAta kA prasaMga upasthita hotA ho aise chedana, bhedana, mAraNa Adi saMyukta vacanoM ko sAvadha vacana kahate haiN| 3. jo vacana aprItikAraka, vairavardhaka, kalahakAraka evaM dUsaroM ko saMtApa dene vAle haiM, ve apriyarUpa kahe jAte haiM / somadevasUri ne upAsakAdhyayana meM asatya ke cAra bheda kiye haiM-- (ka) asatya-satya-loka vyavahAra meM pracalita hone se dainika niyama meM bole jAne vAle zabda, jaise ATA pIsanA, kapar3A bunnaa| (kha) satya-asatya--vyakti ke kathana meM kathaMcit satya hotA hai jaise-- ye zAma ko de dUMgA, vaha detA to hai para zAma kI jagaha kala detA hai| (ga) satya-satya-vastu ko usI rUpa meM kahanA / (gha) asatya-asatya--vyakti ke pAsa upalabdha nahIM hone para bhI dene kA vAyadA karanA / AcArya amitagati ne upAsakAcAra meM puruSArthasiddhayupAya kI taraha asatya ke cAra bheda kiye haiM parantu nAmoM meM parivartana kara diyA gayA hai| unhoMne asadbhAvana, bhUtanihnava, viparIta aura nindya nAma diyA hai|' zrAvakapratikramaNa meM zrAvaka bAraha vratoM ke grahaNa meM dUsare sthUla mRSAvAda meM jo sthUla asatya nirUpita kiye haiM ve isa prakAra haiM :-- 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 94 2- vahI, 96 3. vahI, 97 4. vahI, 98 5. upAsakAdhyayana, 383, 384 6. amitagatikRtazrAvakAcAra, gAthA 48

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zrAvakAcAra "thUlagaM musAvAyaM samaNovAsao paccakkhAI se ya musAvAya paMcavihe paNNatte taMjahA-kannAlIe, gavAlIe, bhomAlIe, NAsAvahAre, kUDasakkhijje" arthAt zramaNopAsaka jisa sthUla asatya kA tyAga karatA hai vaha pAMca prakAra kA hai (ka) vara kanyA ke sambandha meM mithyA jAnakArI denA / (kha) gAya Adi ke sambandha meM asatya bolnaa| (ga) bhUmi ke sambandha meM jhUThI jAnakArI denaa| (gha) dharohara ko dene ke sambandha meM asatya jAnakArI denaa| (Ga) jhUThI sAkSI denaa|' AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAtra meM inhIM pAMca bAtoM ko yathAkrama se nirdiSTa kiyA hai| satya-svarUpa ___ asatya ke svarUpa va usake prakAroM ke varNana karane se satya ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie prArambhika bhUmikA kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai| jaina Agama grantha upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke prathama adhyayana meM Ananda zrAvaka satyANuvrata ko grahaNa karatA huA kahatA hai ki maiM yAvajjIvana do karaNa tIna yoga se sthUla mRSAvAda kA prayoga nahIM karU~gA, nahIM krvaauuNgaa|' yathA "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM thUlagaM musAvAyaM paccakkhAi, jAvajjIvAe duvihaM tiviheNa na karemi na kAravemi manasA, vayasA, kAyasA" ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM AcArya samantabhadra ne satyANuvrata kA svarUpa batAte huye kahA hai ki jo loka viruddha, rAjyaviruddha evaM dharma viruddha sthUla jhUTha na svayaM bolatA hai na dUsaroM se bulavAtA hai, sAtha hI dUsaroM kI vipatti ke liye kAraNabhUta satya ko na svayaM kahatA hai, na dUsaroM se kahala1. zrAvakapratikramaNa sUtra-dUsarA aNuvrata 2. yogazAstra, 254-55 3. uvAsagadasAo, 1/14

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da upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana vAtA hai, vaha satyANuvrata kA dhArI hai|' kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM satyANuvrata kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki jo hiMsA karane vAle vacana nahIM bolatA hai, niSThura aura dUsaroM ko kaSTa dene vAle vacana nahIM bolatA hai evaM hitamita priya tathA dharmaprakAzaka vacana bolatA hai vaha satyANuvrata kA dhArI hai|' vasunandi ne apane vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM kArtikeyAnuprekSA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| aticAra vrata ke atikramaNa kI cAra zreNiyoM meM tIsarI zreNI aticAra hai / pratyeka vrata ke 5-5 aticAra kahe gaye haiM / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra jAnane ke yogya kahe haiM kintu AcaraNa karane yogya nahIM kahe haiN| ve haiM-sahasAbhyAkhyAna, rahassAbhyAkhyAna, svadAramantrabheda, maSopadeza, kUTalekhakaraNa / 4 / "thUlagaM musAvAyaM veramaNassa paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAriyavvA / taMjahA-sahasA abbhakkhANe, rahasA abbhakkhANe, sadAramaMtabhee, mosovaese, kuuddlehkrnne|" ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM satyANuvrata ke nimna pA~ca aticAra batAye haiM :-dUsare kI nindA karanA, dUsare kI gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karanA, cugalI khAnA, nakalI dastAveja Adi likhanA, dUsaroM kI dharohara kA apaharaNa karane vAle vacana bolnaa| tattvArthasUtra meM mithyopadeza, asatya doSAropaNa, kuTalekhaprakaraNa, nyAsa-apahAra, maMtrabheda-ye pAMca aticAra kahe haiN|' upAsakAdhyayana meM somadevasUri ne dUsaroM ke mana kI bAta dUsaroM para 1. sthUlamalIkaM na dadati na parAn vAdayati satyamapi vipade yattadvadanti santaH sthUlamRSAvAda vairamaNam-ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 3/55 / 2. kAtikeyAnuprekSA, zloka 32-33 3. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, zloka 209 4. uvAsagadasAo, 1/42 5. 'parivAda raho'bhyAkhyA paizunyaM kUTalekhakaraNaM ca / nyAsApahAritApi ca vyatikramAH paJca satyasya // " -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 3/56 6. tattvArthasUtra, 7/25

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zrAvakAcAra prakaTa karanA, dUsare ko badanAmI phailAnA, cugalI khAnA, jhUThAlekha likhanA, jhUThI gavAhI denA ye pAMca aticAra kahe haiM / ' upAsakadazAMga meM varNita asatya ke pAMca aticAroM kA khulAsA isa prakAra hai :-- 1. sahasA abhyAkhyAna -- sahasA abhyAkhyAna kA sAmAnya artha binA vicAre doSAropaNa karanA hai / upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM binA vicAre hI dUsaroM para mithyA Aropa jaise - tU cora hai, sahasA abhyAkhyAna mAnA hai, yathA 2 " sahasA anAlocyAbhyAkhyAnam - asaddoSAdhyAkSepaNaM sahasAbhyAkhyAnaM yathA caurastvamityAdi" Avazyaka haribhadravRtti meM samucita vicAra na karake doSAropaNa karane ko sahasA abhyAkhyAna kahA hai / 3 yogazAstra svopajJa vivaraNikA meM avidyamAna doSoM kA AropaNa karane ko jaise -- tuma cora ho, parastrIgAmI ho, sahasA abhyAkhyAna kahA hai / " 97 2. rahasAbhyAkhyAna - - upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM rahaH kA artha ekAnta aura usI kA AdhAra lekara mithyAdoSAropaNa karanA rahobhyAkhyAna artha kiyA hai yathA- " rahasA abhakkhANe ti rahaH ekAntastena hetunA abhyAkhyAna raho bhyAkhyAnam" 7 cAritrasAra va sarvArthasiddhi meM strI puruSa ke dvArA ekAnta meM kiye gaye kArya vizeSa ko prakAzita karane kA nAma rahasAbhyAkhyAna diyA 1. upAsakAdhyayana, 381 2. upAsaka dazAMgaTIkA - abhayadeva pRSTha 28 3. " sahasA anAlocya abhyAkhyAnaM sahasA'bhyAkhyAnam" - Avazyaka haribhadravRtti 6/821 4. " sahasA anolocyAbhyAkhyAnaM saddoSAdhyAropaNaM yathA cauratvaM pAradAriko vaityAdi " - yogazAstra svopajJa vivaraNikA, 3 / 91 J 5. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 28

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana hai|' praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM kisI dravya ke lobha meM strI-puruSa yA anya ke chipe kArya ko prakaTa karane ko rahasAbhyAkhyAna kI saMjJA dI hai| lATIsaMhitA meM zaMkA utpanna karAkara strI-puruSa kI bAta yA kriyA ko prakAzita karanA rahasAbhyAkhyAna kahA hai| 3. svadAramantrabheda-upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM apanI strI kI gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karanA svadAramaMtrabheda kahA hai| "svadArasaMbaMdhino mantrasya vizraMbha jalpazcabhedaH prakAzanam svadAramaMtra bhedaH" zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM apanI patnI ke vizvAsapUrNa kathana ko dUsaroM ko kahanA svadAramaMtrabheda kiyA hai| pArivArika jIvana meM bhI aisI aneka gopanIyatAeM hotI haiM, jinakA prakaTana ucita nahIM hotA hai| 4. kUTalekhakaraNa-upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM kUTalekhakaraNa kA artha--jhUThA lekha likhanA, vaha bhI yadi asAvadhAnI va aviveka meM likhA ho, arthAt zrAvaka yaha nahIM vicAre ki jhaTha bolane kA tyAga hai, jhaTha likhane kA nhiiN| isake sAtha jAlI-dastAveja banAnA, jhUThI mudrAeM banAnA, jAlI hastAkSara karanA kUTalekhakriyA hai| sarvArthasiddhi Adi meM dUsare ke dvArA jo nahIM kahA gayA hai, use anya kI preraNA se kahanA ki usane aisA kahA yA kiyA hai, kUTalekhakriyA kahA gayA 1. ka. yatstrI-puMsAbhyAmekAnte'nuSThitasya kriyA vizeSasya prakAzanaM ta'hobhyAkhyAnaM veditavyam-sarvArthasiddhi, 7/26 kha. cAritrasAra-zrAvakAcArasaMgraha, bhAga, 1 pRSTha 239 2. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 13/34 3. lATIsaMhitA, 5/19 4. upAsakadazAMga-TIkA, pRSTha 29 5. "svadAramaMtrabhedaM ca svakalatravizrabdhabhASitAnyakathanaM cetyarthaH" -zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 263 6. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 29-30

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zrAvakAcAra hai|' praznottarazrAvakAcAra aura lATIsaMhitA meM dUsaroM ko Thagane ke lie lekha likhane ko kUTalekhakaraNa kahA jAtA hai|' 5. mosovaese--cAritrasAra meM anya puruSa ko anyathA pravRtti karAnA yA anyathA abhiprAya kahanA mithyopadeza kahA hai| praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM kisI kArya yA dravya kamAne ke lie jhUThA upadeza denA, evaM lATIsaMhitA meM isa bAta ko maiM nahIM kahU~gA, tuma kahanA isa prakAra mithyAvacana kahane ke lie preraNA denA mRSApadeza kahA gayA hai / digambara AcAryoM ne sahasAabbhAkhyAna kI jagaha nyAsApahAra aticAra kA vidhAna kiyA hai, jisakA artha dUsaroM ko dharohara ko mAra lenA, na denA, apaharaNa kara lenA Adi haiN| _ isI taraha sAkAramaMtrabheda ko svadAramaMtrabheda kI jagaha mAnA hai| jisakA artha hai--dUsaroM kI bAta ko nahIM samajhakara izAroM dvArA dekhakara anumAna se bAta khnaa|' satya aNuvrata meM vyakti mithyA bhASA kA prayoga nahIM karatA hai sAtha ho aise vacana bhI nahIM bolatA hai jo satyatA lie hae hone para bhI sammukha khaDe vyakti ko pIDA paha~cAtA ho| vaha vivekayakta hokara alpa bhASaNa karatA hai aura satya vrata ko khaNDita karane vAle doSoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara unase 1. ka. anyenAnuktaM yatkiJcit para prayogavazAdeva tenoktamanuSThitamiti vaMcanA nimittaM lekhana kUTalekhakriyA-sarvArthasiddhi, 7/26 kha. cAritrasAra, pRSTha 5 ga. ratnakaraNDakaTIkA, 3/10 gha. sAgAradharmAmRta svopajJaTIkA, 4/45 2. ka. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 13/35 kha. lATIsaMhitA 5/20-21 3. tatrAbhuyadayaniHzreya sArtheSu kriyA vizeSeSu anyasyAnyathA pravartanamabhisandhAnaM vA mithyopadeza-cAritrasAra, 5 4. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 13/33 5. lATIsaMhitA, 5/18 / 6. lATIsaMhitA, 5/22 7. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 13/36

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100 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana bacane kA prayatna karatA hai| binA pariNAma kA vicAra kara doSAropaNa karanA, ekAnta meM bAtacIta kara rahe vyakti para doSa lagAnA, apanI strI kI gupta bAta prakaTa karanA, jhUThA lekha likhanA evaM mithyA upadeza denA satyANuvrata ke doSa mAne gaye haiM / asteya aNuvrata -- ahiMsA evaM satya kI vyAkhyA ke uparAnta tRtIya krama meM asteya yA adattAdAna viramaNa vrata AtA hai / steya yA adattAdAna kA sAmAnya artha corI kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake vivecana ke pUrva corI ke svarUpa evaM unake prakAroM ke bAre meM jAnakArI honA atyanta Avazyaka hai / kisI kI binA dI huI vastu le lenA corI hai / upAsakadazAMga meM adattAdAna ko hI corI kahA hai / yahA~ " AdiNNAdANaM" zabda AyA hai jisakA sAmAnya artha binA dI huI vastu ko lene se hI haiN|' AvazyakasUtra meM bhI yahI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai / 2 tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne "adattAdAnaM steyam" kahakara binA dI huI vastu ko lene ko corI kahA hai / " puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM pramattayoga se dUsare ke dvArA nahIM diye hue dhana-dhAnyAdi parigraha ko corI kahA hai / somadevasUri ne upAsakAdhyayana meM sArvajanika jala, tRNa Adi vastuoM ke sivAya anya saba binA dI huI vastuoM kA grahaNa karanA corI batAyA hai / cAritrasAra va dhavalapurANa meM grAma, ArAma, zUnyagRha aura vIthI Adi meM gire, par3e yA rakhe hue maNI, suvarNa tathA vastra Adi ke grahaNa kA vicAra adattAdAna mAnA hai / AcArya haribhadra ne zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM svAmI kI AjJA ke binA parAI vastu ke lene ko adattAdAna kahA hai / 1. uvAsagadasAo, 1 / 15 2. Avazyaka sUtra - munighAsIlAla, pRSTha 323 3. tattvArtha sUtra, 7/15 4. puruSArthaM siddhaghupAya, zloka 102 5. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 364 6. ka. adakhasya adiNassa AdANaM gahaNaM adattAdANaM - dhavalapurANa, 12 / 281 kha. cAritrasAra, pRSTha 41 7. dharmavirodhena svAmijIvAdhananujJAtaparakIya dravya grahaNam adattAdAnam - zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 1/4

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zrAvakAcAra steya ke prakArapraznavyAkaraNasUtra meM corI ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM 'sAmIjIvAdattaM, titthayareNaM taheya ya guruhiM / evamadatta saruvaM paruviyaM Agama dharehi / ' arthAta svAmIadatta, jIvaadatta, devaadatta evaM guruadatta ye cAra bheda kiye haiN|' arthAt zrAvaka svAmI kI, jIva kI, deva kI evaM guru kI AjJA liye binA vastu ko grahaNa nahIM kre| zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM corI ke 5 bheda kiye haiN| yathA-khAta-khananA yAni seMdha lagAkara vastueM le jAnA, gaThaDI kholanA arthAt binA pUche kisI kI gAMTha kholakara sAmAna nikAlanA, tAlA tor3anA, mAlika kI par3I huI vastu uThA lenA, lUTa-khasoTa dvArA jabaradastI vastU apane adhIna krnaa|2 yahIM para sacitta adattAdAna evaM acitta adattAdAna do bheda bhI prApta hote haiN| eka anya dRSTi se corI ke cAra prakAra bhI kahe haiM :(ka) dravya corI-dhana Adi curA lenaa| (kha) kSetra corI-kheta, bagIcA yA jamIna Adi dabA lenaa| (ga) kAla corI-vetana, kirAyA, byAja Adi meM nyUnAdhika krnaa| (gha) bhAva corI-kisI kavi, lekhana Adi ke bhAvoM ko curAnA / acaurya kA svarUpaupAsakadazAMgasUtra meM asteya aNuvrata kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai 'tayANaMtaraM ca NaM thUlagaM AdiNNAdANaM paccakkhAi jAvajjIvAe duvihaM tiviheNaM na karemi na kAravemi maNasA vayasA kAyasA' 1. jinavANI-akTUbara 1979, pRSTha 6 2. AdiNNAdANe paMcavihe paNNatte-taMjahA khata khaNNa gaMThi bheyaNaM, jatugghADanaM paDiyaMvatthu haraNaM, sasAmiya vatthuharaNaM-jinavANI-akTUbara 1979, pRSTha 6 3. AvazyakasUtra, 3 4. jinavANI-akTUbara 1979, pRSTha 7

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102 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana arthAt maiM sthUla adattAdAna kA do karaNa tIna yoga se tyAga karatA huuN|' AvazyakasUtra meM sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa vrata kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki zramaNopAsaka sthUla adattAdAna kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha do prakAra kA hai-sacitta adattAdAna evaM acitta adattAdAna / yahA~ sacitta adattAdAna kA tAtparya cetanAyukta padArthoM, jisameM dAsa-dAsI, gAya-bhaiMsa vagairaha se hai tathA acitta kA tAtparya dhana, jamIna, sonA-cA~dI Adi dhAtu tathA rupayepaise se hai / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra ke anusAra jo dUsare kI rakhI huI, girI huI, bhUlI huI, vastu ko aura binA diye hue dhana ko na to svayaM letA hai na uThAkara dUsaroM ko detA hai use acauryANuvratadhArI kahate haiM / kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM jo bahuta mUlyavAlI vastu ko alpa mUlya meM nahIM letA hai, dUsaroM ko bhUlI huI vastu ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai, jo alpa meM saMtoSadhAraNa karatA hai, jo parAye dravya ko krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha se apaharaNa nahIM karatA hai tathA dharma meM dRr3ha citta hai vahI acauryANuvratI hai| AcArya amitagati ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM kheta meM, gAMva meM, vana meM, galI meM, ghara meM, khalihAna meM, athavA gvAla-TolI meM rakhe, gire, par3e yA naSTa-bhraSTa hue parAye dravya ko grahaNa nahIM karane ko acauryANavata mAnA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM kahA hai ki kisI kI girI huI vastu ko rakhakara bhUlo huI vastu ko, svAmI ke pAsa rakhI huI vastu ko binA anumati ke kisI bhI sakaTa ke utpanna hone para na lenA asteya hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM kahA gayA hai ki putrAdika se rahita apane kuTumbI bhAI vagairaha ke dhana se tathA sampUrNa logoM dvArA bhogane yogya jala, ghAsa Adi padArthoM se bhinna, 1. uvAsagadasAo, 1/15 2. thUlagaM adiNNAdANaM samaNovAsao paccakkhAi, se adiNNAdANe duvihe paNNatte taMjahA-sacittAdattAdANe acittAdattAdANe ya-AvazyakasUtra, 3 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 57 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, zloka 34-35 5. ka. amitagati-zrAvakAcAra, 6/59 kha. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, zloka 211 6. yogazAstra, prakAza 2/66

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zrAvakAcAra dUsaroM ke dhana ko na svayaM grahaNa kare, na dUsaroM se karAve tabhI asteyavrata hotA hai|' aticaar| vrata ko yathAzakti paripAlana karate hue bhI pramAda yA asAvadhAnIvaza inameM jo skhalanA ho jAtI hai unheM aticAra kahate haiM / acauryavrata ke pAMca aticAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM batAye gaye haiM : "thUlagaM adinnAdANaviramaNassa paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAya. riyavvA, taMjahA-tenAhaDe, takkarapaoge viruddharajjAtikame, kuDatullakUTamANetappaDiruvagavavahAre / " arthAt sthUlaadattAdAna viramaNa vrata ke pAMca aticAra jAnane yogya haiM, AcaraNa karane yogya nhiiN| ye haiM :-stenAhRta, taskara prayoga, viruddha rAjyAtikrama, kuTatula-kUTamANa, tatpratirUpaka vyavahAra / 2 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM bhI kisI ko corI ke liye bhejanA, corI kI vastu ko lenA, rAjya niyamoM kA ullaMghana karanA, bahumUlya vastu meM samAna rUpa vAlI alpa mUlya kI vastu milAkara becanA evaM dene meM kama tathA lene meM adhika nApa tola karanA acauryANuvrata ke pAMca aticAra ginAye haiM / tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne,' puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM AcArya amRtacandra ne tathA sAgAradharmAmRta meM AcArya AzAdhara ne bhI yaho pAMca aticAra ginAye haiN|' somadeva ne apane upAsakAdhyayana meM kahA hai ki bA~Ta, tarAjU ko kamatI bar3hatI rakhanA, corI kA upAya batalAnA, coro kA mAla kharIdanA, deza meM yuddha chir3a jAne para padArthoM kA saMgraha karanA acauryANuvrata ke aticAra haiN| 1. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/46 2. uvAsagadasAo, 1/43 3. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 58 4. tattvArthasUtra, 7/27 5. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 184 6. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/50 7. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 370

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104 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana ataH niSkarSa rUpa yadi vyakti mAnasika rUpa se yaha soca le ki corI karane tathA karAne vAlA doSI hai mujhe isa vastu ko lene meM kyA Apatti hai ? parantu yaha bhI vrata dhAraNa karane vAle ke lie anucita hai| sAtha hI taskaroM ko mAla denA, unase mAla lenA, unako kAnUnI sahAyatA denA bhI aticAroM meM sammilita haiN| rAjakIya niyamoM kA ullaMghana karanA, karoM kA samaya-samaya para bhugatAna nahIM karanA, vyApArika kArya-kalApoM meM, lena-dena meM, kama-jyAdA denA evaM kiso asalo vastu meM nakalI vastu ko milA denA Adi zrAvakavrata ko dhAraNa karane vAle aNuvratI ke lie acauryANuvrata ke aticAra haiM / inase use bacanA cAhie | zrAvaka ko sarvahita dhyAna meM rakhakara isakA pAlana karanA cAhie tabhI sukha-zAMti evaM AtmA kA vikAsa saMbhava ho sakegA / vrata kA pUrNarUpeNa lAbha usakA niraticAra pAlana karane meM hI hai / jisase jIvana sImita evaM nItimaya bana sakatA hai / 1. stenAhuta - upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM cora dvArA lAI vastu svIkAra karane ko stenAhRta kahA hai / ' "stenAhutamaticAra uttoticAratAcAsya sAkSAcauyaM pravRtte " zrAvakaprajJapti TIkA meM stena kA artha cora tathA coroM dvArA lAI gaI vastuoM ko lobha se grahaNa karane ko stenAhRta kahA hai| praznottarazrAvakAcAra evaM lATIsaMhitA meM manuSyoM ko corI karane kI preraNA denA aura upAya batAne ko stenaprayoga kahA hai / 2. taskaraprayoga upAsaka dazAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne coroM ko corI ke kArya meM pravRtta karanA evaM 'isa prakAra karo' isa prakAra anujJA karanA 1. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA, abhayadeva, pRSTha 31 2. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, pRSTha 158 3. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 14 / 30 4. lATIsaMhitA, 5 / 49

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zrAvakAcAra 105 taskara prayoga hai / " praznottara zrAvakAcAra va lATIsaMhitA meM binA preraNA corI karake lAye hue dhana ko grahaNa karane ko taskara prayoga kahA gayA hai / 3. viruddharAjyAtikrama "viruddha payorAjyaM viruddharAjyaM tasyAtikramo'tilaMghana viruddha rAjyAmilaM dhanaM" upAsaka dazAMga kI TIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne virodhI rAjAoM kI niSiddha sImA kA ullaMghana karanA va rAjyaviruddha kArya karanA viruddha rAjyAtikrama mAnA hai | zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM do alaga-alaga rAjAoM ke rAjya se sAmAna kara Adi bacAkara le jAnA evaM dUsare rAjya kI vastu apane rAjya meM lAnA viruddharAjyAtikrama mAnA hai / " praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM jo rAjanIti ko chor3akara vyApAra karatA hai evaM adhika dhana grahaNa karatA hai usake yaha aticAra lagatA hai / lATIsaMhitA ke anusAra rAjA kI AjJA cAhe vaha yogya ho yA ayogya pAlana na karanA viruddha rAjyAtikrama hai / 7 4. kUTatulA kUTamAna "kUTa tulekUDamANetti tulA pratItA mAna kur3avAdikUTatvaM nyUnAdhikatvaM tAbhyAM nyUnAdhikAbhyAM " upAsaka dazAMgaTIkA va zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM tulA kA artha tarAjU va mAna kA artha mApane, taulane ke bATa se kiyA hai / isake lena-dena meM adhika 1. ka. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 31 kha. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, pRSTha 158 2. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 14 / 31 3. lATIsaMhitA, 5/50 4. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 31 5. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, pRSTha 158 6. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 14 / 32 lATI saMhitA, 5/52 7.

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106 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana pramANa rakhanA kUTatulAkUTamAna artha hai / ' praznottarazrAvakAcAra evaM lATIsaMhitA meM kharIdane ke lie bA~Ta yA gaja adhika rakhanA tathA becane ke lie kamatI rakhane ko hinAdhikamanonmAna kahA hai / " ra 5. tatpratirUpavyavahAra "tappaDirUvagavavahAretti tena pratirUpakaM sadRzaM tatpratirUpakaM tasyavivadhamavaharaNaM vyavahAraH " upAsaka dazAMgaTIkA va zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM adhika mUlya vAlI vastu meM usI ke anurUpa kama mUlya vAlI vastu milAkara becanA tatpratirUpaka vyavahAra artha kiyA hai / " praznottarazrAvakAcAra evaM lATIsaMhitA meM bhI yahI svarUpa aMkita hai | brahmacarya - aNuvrata zrAvaka kA cauthA aNuvrata brahmacarya hai, jisakA sAmAnya artha abrahma kA sevana na karanA hai / isa abrahma kI paribhASA jaina granthoM meM vistAra se dI gayI hai / upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM apanI patnI ke atirikta anya striyoM se maithuna sevana karanA abrahma kA svarUpa mAnA gayA hai / AcArya kundakunda 1. ka. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 31 kha. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 158 2. ka. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 14 / 32 kha. lATIsaMhitA, 5/54 3. ka. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 32 kha. zrAvakaprajJa siTIkA, 159 4. ka. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 14/34 kha. lATIsaMhitA, 5/55 5. ka. sadAra saMto sie parimANaM karei / nannattha ekkAe sivAnaMdAe bhAriyAe avasesaM savvaM mehuNavihi paccakkhAmi kha. mehuNAo veramaNaM sadAra saMtosie avasesaM mehuNavihi - uvAsagadasAo 1/16 - AvazyakasUtra, pRSTha 324

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zrAvakAcAra 107 ne para mahilA se methuna sevana karanA abrahma mAnA hai / " tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne "maithunabrahma" kahA hai, arthAt cAritramohanIya karma kA udaya hone para rAgabhAva se prerita hokara strI-puruSa kA jor3A jo rati sukha ke lie ceSTA karatA hai use maithuna kahate haiM aura maithuna hI abrahma hai / puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM jo vedanokaSAya ke rAga yoga se strI-puruSa kI jo maithuna kriyA hotI hai use abrahma mAnA hai / 3 sarvArthasiddhi meM maithuna kA svarUpa cAritramoha kA udaya hone para rAga AkrAnta strI-puruSa ke jo paraspara ke sparza kI icchA hotI hai vaha mithuna evaM unakI kriyA ko maithuna mAnA gayA hai / 4 maithuna ke prakAra - sthAnAMgasUtra meM tIna prakAra ke maithuna kahe gaye haiM jinheM divya, mAnuSya evaM tiryak ke rUpa meM mAnA hai / " AvazyakasUtra meM mana, vacana, kAya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA maithuna mAnA gayA hai / brahmacaryaM svarUpa upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Ananda ne brahmacarya aNuvrata ko grahaNa karate hue pratijJA kI ki - "sadAra saMtosie parimANaM karei, nanattha ekkAe sivAnaMdAe bhAriyAe, avasesaM savvaM mehuNavihi paccakkhAmi " arthAt maiM svapatnI santoSa vrata grahaNa karatA hU~, apanI zivAnandA nAmaka patnI ke atirikta saba prakAra ke maithuna kA tyAga karatA hU~ / 1. thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adattathUle ya / parihAro paramahilA, paraggahAraMbha parimANaM // 2. tattvArthasUtra, 7/16 - cAritrapAhuDa, gAthA 24 3. puruSArtha siddhayupAya, 107 4. " strI puMsayozcAritra mohodayesati rAgapariNAmA viSTayoH paraspara sparzanaM pratiicchA mithunam mithunasya karma maithunamicyucyate " - sarvArthasiddhi, 7/16 5. " tivihe mehuNe paNNatta- divve mANussae tirikkhajoNie - sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/1 6. "sadAra saMtosie duvihaM tiviheNaM na karemi na kAravemi - maNasA vayasA kAyasA " - AvazyakasUtra, pRSTha 324 7. uvAsagadasAo, 1/16

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108 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana AvazyakasUtra meM bhI apanI vivAhitA strI meM santoSa rakhakara anya sampUrNa maithuna sevana kA tyAga karanA brahmacaryANuvrata mAnA gayA haiM / " brahmacarya - aNuvrata ke grahaNa se zrAvaka kAma vAsanA se pUrNa-nivRtta to nahIM hotA hai, parantu saMyamita ho jAtA hai jisase vaha eka sadgRhastha kI bhUmikA kA nirvAha kara letA hai / ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai ki jo pApa ke bhaya se parAI striyoM ke pAsa na jAtA hai, na dUsaroM ko bhejatA hai, vaha svadArasantoSa nAmaka aNuvrata kA pAlana karatA hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAda meM likhA hai ki gRhIta yA agRhIta para strI ke sAtha rati na karanA gRhastha kA cauthA aNuvrata hai / somadevasUri ne upAsakAdhyayana meM likhA hai ki apanI vivAhitA strI aura vitta strI ke sivAya anya sabhI striyoM ko mAtA, bahana yA putrI mAnanA brahmacaryANuvrata hai | kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM likhA hai ki jo parAI striyoM ko apanI mAtA, bahana va putrI ke samAna samajhatA hai vaha bhI mana, vacana va kAya se sthUla brahmacaryavrata kA dhArI hai / vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai ki aSTamI, caturdazI Adi parva ke dinoM meM strIsevana tathA sadA anaMgakrIr3A kA tyAga karane vAle ko sthUlabrahmacArI kahA jAtA hai / sAgAradharmAmRta meM ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra kA hI svarUpa batAyA gayA hai / 7 uparyukta Agama granthoM va anya vivecana se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki sabhI ne svastrI ko chor3akara bAkI sabhI striyoM ke saMsarga ke tyAga ko brahmacarya - vrata batAyA hai / parantu AcArya somadeva ne svastro ke sAtha vezyA ko bhI zAmila kara liyA hai / isakA kyA kAraNa hai, yaha nahIM batAyA gayA 1. "sadAra saMtosie avasesaM mehuNavihi paccakkhAmi " - AvazyakasUtra, pRSTha 324 2. na tu paradArAn gacchati na parAn gamayati ca pApabhIteryat sA paradAranivRttiH svadAra santoSanAmapi- - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 59 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/20 4. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 405 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 338 6. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, zloka 212 sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/52 7.

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zrAvakAcAra 109 hai / upAsakAdhyayana kI bhUmikA meM paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI ne kahA ki yaha dezaviratizrAvaka vrata grahaNa karane kA prArambhika stara mAnA jA sakatA hai / ho sakatA hai yaha sama-sAmayika paristhitiyoM se bhI prabhAvita ho / ' aticAra brahmacaryaM aNuvrata meM skhalana na Ae isalie isake bhI pAMca aticAra kahe gaye haiM / upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM likhA hai ki "sadAra saMtosie paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA, taM jahA - ittariyapariggahiyAgamaNe, apariggahiyAgamaNe, anaMgakoDA, para- vivAha karaNe, kAmabhoga tivvAbhilAse" arthAt svadAra santoSa vrata ke pAMca aticAra jAnane yogya haiM, parantu AcaraNa karane yogya nahIM haiM / ye ittvaraparigRhItAgamana, aparigRhItAgamana, anaMgakrIDA, paravivAhakaraNa, kAmabhogatIvra abhilASA hai / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM dUsaroM kA vivAha karAnA, kAmasevana ke sivAya anya aMgoM se kAmasevana karanA, azlIla vacana kahanA, kAma karane kI adhika tRSNA rakhanA evaM vyabhicAriNI striyoM ke yahA~ gamana karanA ye pA~ca aticAra ginAye haiM / inhIM kA ullekha tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne kiyA hai / somadevasUri ne upAsakAdhyayana meM parAyI strI ke sAtha saMgama, anaGgakrIr3A, paravivAha karanA, kAma bhoga kI tIvra abhilASA evaM viTatva ye pA~ca aticAra kahe haiM | paM0 AzAdhara ne bhI sAgAradharmAmRta meM ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM varNita aNuvrata hI ginAye haiM / " 1. upAsakAdhyayana - prastAvanA, pRSTha 81-82 2. uvAsagadasAo, 1/44 3. "anya vivAhAkaraNAnaGga krIr3AviTatvavipulatRSaH / itvarikAgamanaM cAsmarasya paJca vyatIcArAH // - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 60 4. " para vivAhakaraNotvarikA - parigRhItA parigRhItAgamanAnaGga krIr3AkAma tIvrAbhinivezA:- tattvArtha sUtra 7/28 5. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 418 6. sAgAradharmAmRta 4/58

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110 1. itvariparigRhItAgamana " ittariya pariggahiyAgamaNe tti itvarakAlaM parigRhItAkAla zabda lopAditvaraparigRhItA bhATIpradAnena kiyaMtamapikAlaMdivasamAsAdikaM svavazIkRtetyarthaH " upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana upAsaka dazAMgaTIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne itvara kA artha alpa samaya kiyA hai, bhAr3A dekara kucha kAla ke liye apanI patnI jaisA vyavahAra karanA itvariparigRhItAgamana arthaM kiyA hai / " jisa strI kA eka puruSa svAmI hai vaha parigRhItA kahalAtI hai, aisI vyabhicAriNI strI meM gamana karane ko cAritrasAra ke kartA cAmuNDAcArya ne itvarikA-parigRhItA gamana kahA hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM binA svAmI vAlI asadAcAriNI strI ko itvarikA kahA gayA hai, use gamana ke samaya rupayA dekara kucha kAla ke lie apanA banAnA bhI doSa hai / lATasaMhitA meM itvafrakA zabda kA arthaM vyabhicAriNI strI kiyA hai, aisI strI ke sAtha bAtacIta karanA, zarIra sparza karanA, krIr3A karanA isa vrata kA aticAra mAnA gayA hai| 2. aparigRhItAgamana " aparigRhitA nAma vezyAnyAsaktA parigRhItAbhATaka kulAMganAvA anAtheti asyApyaticAratAtikramAdibhire" upAsaka dazAMga TIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne vezyA yA pati dvArA parityakta va anAtha ko paisA dekara apanA banA lene ko aparigRhItAgamana artha kiyA hai / cAritrasAra meM vezyA yA vyabhicAriNI hone se para-puruSoM ke pAsa jAne vAlI pati rahita strI ko itvarikA aparigRhItA kahA hai / usameM gamana karanA itvarikAaparigRhItAgamana kahalAtA 1. upAsakadazAMga sUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 32 2. " yA punarekapuruSa bhartRkA sA parigRhItA, tasyA gamanamitvarikAparigRhItA gamanam " - cAritrasAra, 240 3. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4 / 58 - vyAkhyA 4. lATIsaMhitA 5/75 5. upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 32

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111 hai / " zrAvakaprajJaptiTokA evaM Avazyaka haribhadravRtti meM vezyA yA anya puruSa meM Asakta hokara bhAr3e ko grahaNa karane vAlI anAtha aura kulIna strI ko aparigRhItA kahA hai| usameM gamana karane kI aparigRhItAgamana mAnA hai / 2 3. anaGgakrIr3A zrAvakAcAra "anaMgakrIDatti anaMgAni maithunakammAM " upAsaka dazAMgaTIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne kAmasevana ke aMgoM se bhinna aMgoM ke dvArA maithuna sevana karanA anaMgakrIr3A hai / prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne isakA yahI svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA hai / * 4. paravivAhakaraNa "paravivAhakaraNamayamabhiprAyaH svadArasaM toSinohinayuktaM pareSAM vivAhAdikaraNeva" upAsaka dazAMgaTIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne apane parivAra ke sadasyoM ko chor3akara anya kA vivAha karAnA paravivAhakaraNa kahA hai| " cAritrasAra va sarvArthasiddhi meM apanI kanyA ko chor3akara dUsaroM kA vivAha karAnA para vivAhakaraNa mAnA gayA hai | zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM 1. " gaNikAtvena vA puMzcalitvena vA para-puruSagamanazIlA asvAmikA sA aparigRhItA, tasyA gamanamitvarikA'parigRhItA gamanam - cAritrasAra, 240 2. ka. aparigRhItA nAma vezyA anyasaktA gRhItabhATI kulAGganA vA anAtheti tadgamanam aparigRhItAgamanam - zrAvakaprajJapti TIkA, 273 kha. Avazyaka haribhadravRtti, 6/825 3. upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 32 4. ka. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/28 kha. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 2/73 ga. ratnakaraNDakaTIkA, 2/14 5. upAsaka dazAMga sUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTa 37 6. ka. parasya vivAhakaraNaM para vivAhakaraNam - cAritrasAra, 240 kha. kanyAdAnaM vivAha parasya vivAhaH paravivAhaH paravivAhasya karaNaM . paravivAhakaraNam - sarvArthasiddhi, 7/28

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112 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana 'para' zabda kA artha apanI santAna ko chor3akara anya se liyA hai / kanyAdAna ke phala kI icchA evaM sneha sambandha se anya ke vivAha ko karAnA paravivAha mAnA gayA hai / " 5. kAmabhogatovAbhilASA "svadAra saMtoSI hi viziSTaviratimAnatena ca tAvatyaiva-maMthuna kartu - mucitAyAvatyAvedajanita- bodhApazAmyatimastuvAjIkaraNAdibhiH" upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne gRhastha meM veda ko upazamana karane ke lie vivAha saMskAra hotA hai, parantu kAmAsakta hokara kAmajanaka auSadha kA prayoga karanA aura mAdaka dravya kA Asevana karanA kAmatIvrAbhilASA hai / cAritrasAra, lATIsaMhitA, sarvArthasiddhi evaM tattvArthavArtika meM kAma sevana kI bar3hI huI pariNati ko kAmabhogatIvrAbhilASA kahA hai / dhavalabindu mUlavRtti meM kAma kA artha maithuna kriyA se kiyA hai / zabda aura rUpa ko kAma tathA gandha, rasa aura sparza ko bhoga kahA jAtA hai| ina pAMcoM kI utkRSTa icchA hI kAmatIvrAbhiSeka kahalAtI hai / * 1. " para vivAhakaraNamItIha svApatyavyatiriktamapatyaM para zabde nocyate, tasya kanyAphalalipsayA snehabandhena vA vivAhakaraNamiti" - zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 273 2. upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 33 3. ka. kAmasya pravRddhaH pariNAmaH kAmatIvrAbhiniveza: -- sarvArthasiddhi 7/28 kha. cAritrasAra, 240 ga. lATIsaMhitA, 5/78 gha. tattvArthavArtika, 7/28 4. " tathA kAme kAmodayajanye maithune athavA sUcanAt sUyamiti nyAyAt kAmeSu kAmabhogeSu tatra kAmau zabda rUpe bhogA gandha rasa sparzaH teSu tIvrAbhilASaH atyantataradhyavasAyitvaM yato vAjIkaraNAdinA'navaratasuratasukhArya madanamuddI - payanti " - dhavalabindumUlavRtti, 3 / 26

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zrAvakAcAra 113 isa prakAra zrAvaka AcAra meM gRhastha ke lie strI kA pUrNa tyAga na karake sAmAjika maryAdA nizcita kara dI, jisase vyakti apanI patnI se hI saMtuSTa rahe aura anya vikAroM se mukta rhe| isa vrata meM hone vAlI truTiyoM ko bhI vaha dhyAna meM rakhatA hai tAki viveka evaM buddhi ke dvArA unheM TAla sake / kisI bhI aisI strI ko paise dekara apanI patnI kI taraha vyavahAra kara use apanA banA lenA doSapUrNa hai| yahA~ taka kI apanI strI agara alpavayaska hai to usake sAtha bhI saMbhoga nahIM karanA caahie| sAtha hI kisI aisI strI ko jise usake pati ne chor3a diyA ho, yA vaha vezyA ho, vidhavA ho, use bhI apanA banAnA tyAjya hai| aprAkRtika rUpa se yAni kAmasevana ke sivAya anya aMgoM dvArA kAmapUrti karanA heya hai| apane putra-pUtrAdi ke sivAya anya vyaktiyoM ke rAgAdi bhAvoM se vivAha-saMskAra karAnA aticAra hai| kAma-bhoga kI tIvra bhAvanAe~ rakhanA evaM kAma uddIpana ke lie mAdaka vastuoM kA sevana karanA bhI aticAroM meM sammilita hai / inase bace rahane se hI nirdoSa brahmacarya kA paripAlana ho sakatA hai| aparigraha aNuvrata aparigraha kA svarUpa pratipAdana ke pUrva hameM parigraha ke svarUpa ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| parigraha-svarUpa-"jahA lAho tahA loho" uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI yaha yukti sArthaka hI hai ki jaise-jaise vyakti kI AkAMkSA kI pUrti hotI jAtI hai vaise-vaise usakI tRSNA bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| yahI parigraha kA mUla hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM aparimita icchA zakti ko hI parigraha kA kAraNa mAnA hai / ' tattvArthasUtra meM 'mUrchA parigrahaH' kahakara bAhya vastuoM va Antarika mamatva meM jo rAgabhAva hai use parigraha mAnA hai / ' sarvArthasiddhi meM "maMdeti buddhilakSaNaH parigrahaH' kahakara maMda buddhiyukta vyakti ke mamatva ko parigraha kahA hai|3 prajJApanAmalayagirivRtti meM dharmopakaraNa ko chor3akara anya ko svIkAra karanA evaM dharmopakaraNa meM bhI mamatva rakhane ko -uvAsagadasAo, 1/17 . 1. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM icchAvihi parimANaM karemANe 2. tattvArthasUtra, 7/17 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/15

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114 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana parigraha kahA hai / " puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai ki moha ke udaya se huA mamatva pariNAma mUrcchA kahalAtI hai, aura yahI mUrcchAbhAva parigraha hai / upAsakAdhyayana meM tattvArthasUtra kA hI anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai / gRhasthadharma meM AcArya javAhara ne parigraha kI vyutpati karate hue kahA hai " parigrahaNaM parigraha" arthAt jo mamatva rUpa se grahaNa kiyA jAya, vahI parigraha hai / 4 parigraha ke bheda - sthAnAMgasUtra meM parigraha ke karma - parigraha, zarIra-parigraha aura vastuparigraha - ye tIna prakAra ke parigraha mAne haiM / " upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM aparigraha ko icchAparimANavrata kahA hai / yahA~ parigraha ke sAta bheda kiye haiN| sonA, cA~dI, catuSpada, kheta, vastu, gAr3I, vAhana ke rUpa meM ye sAta bheda haiM | zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM parigraha ke nau prakAra batAye haiM | khettavatthu pamANAikame, hiraNasuvaNNa pamANAikkame, duppayaca upaya pamANAikkamme, dhanadhAnya pamANAikkamme, kuviyapamANaikkame " arthAt zrAvaka kheta, vastu, dhana, dhAnya, sonA, cA~dI, dvipada, catuSpada evaM kuviya dhAtu ke parigraha kI sImA nirdhArita kara leM / 7 upAsakAdhyayana meM somadevasUri ne parigraha ke bAhya tathA Abhyantara do 1. parigraho dharmopakaraNavarja vastusvIkAraH dharmopakaraNamUrcchA ca / 2. puruSArthaM siddhayupAya, 111 3. upAsakAdhyayana, 398 - prajJApanAmalayagirivRtti 284/446 4. gRhasthadharmaM, bhAga 2, pRSTha 257 5. "tividhe pariggahe paNNatte - taMjahA - kamma pariggahe, sarIra pariggahe, bAhira bhaMDa matta pariggahe " -- sthAnAMgasUtra, 3 / 1 / 113 6. " tayAnaMtaraM ca NaM icchAvihiparimANa karemANe hiraNNasuvaNNavihi parimANaM karei - cauppayavihi parimANaM karei-khetta vatthuvihiparimANaM karei-sagaDavihiparimANaM vihi karei - vAhaNavIhi parimANaM karei" - uvAsa gadasAo, 1/21 se 27 7. AvazyakasUtra - munighAsIlAla, pRSTha 324

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zrAvakAcAra bheda karake' bAhya ke kheta, anAja, dhana, makAna, tAMbA-pItala Adi dhAtu, zayyA, Asana, dAsa-dAsI, pazu evaM bhojana ye dasa bheda kiye haiM / Antarika parigraha ke mithyAtva, puruSaveda, strIveda, napuMsakaveda, hAsya, zoka, rati, arati, bhaya, jugupsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye caudaha bheda kiye haiN| puruSArthasiddhayapAya meM bhI bAhya tathA Abhyantara do bheda karake Abhyantara ke 14 bheda evaM bAhya ke sacittaparigraha aura acittaparigraha ye do bheda kiye haiN| dAsa-dAsI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi sacittaparigraha hai, evaM makAna, bartana Adi acittaparigraha haiN| yaha donoM hI prakAra kA parigraha hiMsA kA atikramaNa nahIM karatA hai / aparigraha svarUpa prAcIna Agama grantha upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM uparokta varNita parigraha ke jo sAta bheda batalAye gaye haiM unhIM ke tyAga ko aparigraha yA icchAparimANavata kahA hai| bhagavatIArAdhanA meM Abhyantara tathA bAhya rUpa se sarva prakAra kI granthiyoM ko mana, vacana, kAya ke dvArA tyAga karane ko aparigraha kahA hai|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM dhana-dhAnya Adi kA parigraha parimANa karake usase adhika meM niHspRha rahane ko parimita parigrahavata kahA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM likhA hai ki jo puruSa lobha ko jItakara santoSa rUpa rasAyana meM santuSTa rahatA hai, yaha saMsAra kI sarvavastuoM ko vinazvara mAnatA huA apane upayoga ko jAnakara dhana-dhAnya Adi dasa prakAra se parigraha parimANa karatA hai usase pA~cavA~ aNuvrata hotA hai| upAsakAdhyayana meM AcArya somadevasUri ne bAhya aura Abhyantara vastu meM 'yaha merI hai' isa prakAra ke saMkalpa ko parigraha kahA hai| usake 1. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 432 2. vahI, zloka 433 3. vahI, zloka 433 4. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 115-16 5. uvAsagadasAo, 1/17 se 21 6. bhagavatIArAdhanA, 1117 7. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra-zloka 3/61 .8. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 38-39

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana viSaya meM cittavRtti ko saMkucita karanA aparigraha hai|' amitagatikRta zrAvakAcAra meM saMtoSa meM kuzala gRhastha ko makAna, kheta, dhana-dhAnya, dAsadAsI, caupAye evaM vAsana-vastrAdi ke sarva prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga karane ko parigrahaparimANavata kahA gayA hai / sAgAradharmAmRta meM AzAdhara ne upAsakAdhyayana kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra parigrahaparimANa vrata ke vibhinna matoM para dRSTipAta karane para hama pAte haiM ki pA~cavA~ aNuvrata grahaNa karane vAlA vyakti, dhana, dhAnya, kheta, vastu, dvipada yAni dAsa-dAsI evaM adhInastha kAryarata vyakti, catuSpada yAne gAya, baila, bhaiMsa, ghor3e Adi, kuviya dhAtu yAni tA~bA, pItala Adi kI sImA nirdhArita kara leN| jisa prakAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Ananda zrAvaka ne bhI maryAdA nizcita kI thii| usane cAra karor3a svarNa koSa meM, cAra karor3a vyApAra meM evaM cAra karor3a ghara ke vaibhava meM apanI sampatti lagA rakhI thii| zeSa se nivRtti grahaNa kara lI, jisase vaha usa sImA ke bAhara ke vaibhava se doSa mukta ho gyaa| ina dRzyamAna vastuoM ke bAda zrAvaka ko mithyAtva, bhaya, hAsya, zoka, rati, arati, krodha, jugupsA Adi Abhyantara parigraha ko bhI sImita karanA hotA hai / aticAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki isa vrata meM jo-jo maryAdAyeM kI gayI haiM, unakA ullaMghana nahIM karanA caahie| yahA~ para isa vrata ke ullaMghana kI pA~ca zreNiyAM nirdhArita kI gayI hai "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM icchAparimANassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA / taMjahA-khettavatthupamANAikkame, hiraNNasuvaNNapamANAikkame, dupayacaupaya pamANAikkame, dhanadhAnya pamANAikkame, kuviyapamANAikkame" arthAt kSetra vastu kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa, hiraNya-suvarNa kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa, dhana-dhAnya kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa, kuviyadhAtu kI maryAdA kA 1. upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 432 2. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6/73 3. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/59

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zrAvakAcAra 117 sImollaMghana / ' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM adhika vAhanoM ko rakhanA, adhika vastuoM kA saMgraha karanA, dUsaroM ke lAbhAdika ko dekhakara Azcarya karanA, adhika lobha karanA, ghor3e Adi ko zakti se adhika jotanA, lAdanA ye pA~ca aticAra mAne gaye haiM / 2 tatvArthasUtra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, amitagatizrAvakAcAra evaM sAgAradharmAmRta meM upAsakadazAMga sUtrAnusAra hI aticAroM kA varNana hai / __upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM varNita aticAroM ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai1. khettavatthupamANAikkame "kSetravastunaH pramANAtikramaH pratyAkhyAnakAla gRhIta pramANollaMghanamityarthaH" upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM abhayadeva ne khetI Adi ke lie jitanI bhUmi rakhI hai usa pramANa kA ullaMghana karanA kSetravastupramANAtikrama kahA hai / cAritrasAra meM dhAnya kI utpatti ke sthAna ko kSetra kahA hai aura rahane ke ghara ko vAstu batAyA hai| inameM grahaNa kiye gaye parimANa se adhika rakhanA isa aticAra kA svarUpa mAnA hai|5 lATIsaMhitA meM kSetra rahane ke sthAna ko kahA hai tathA jisameM dhAnya utpanna hotA hai use bhI kSetra 1. utrAsagadasAo, 1/45 2. "ativAhanAti saMgraha vismaya lobhAtibhAravahanAni / parimita parigrahasya ca vikSepAH paJca lakSaNante // -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 62 3 ka. tattvArthasUtra, 7/29 kha. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 187 ga. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/7 gha. sAgAradharmAmuta, 4/64 4. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 34 5. "tatra kSetraM zasyAdhikaraNam vAstu AgAram" -cAritrasAra, pRSTha 241

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118 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana kahA hai aura vastra Adi sAmAna ko vAstu mAnA hai|' inake parimANa se jyAdA parigraha rakhanA aticAra hai| 2. dhana-dhAnyapamANAikkame "anAbhogAderathavA labhyamAna dhAnyAdyabhigrahaM yAvatparagehaeva baMdhanabaddhaM kRtvA dhArayatIti cAroyamiti" upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM abhayadeva ne sonA-cA~dI Adi dhana evaM gehU~, cAvala Adi dhAna kA jo parigraha niyata kiyA, usakA ullaMghana dhanadhAnyapramANAtikrama hai| cAritrasAra meM gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM ko dhana evaM gehU~ Adi ko dhAnya kahA hai, inakA parimANa atikramaNa karanA dhanadhAnyapamANAikkame mAnA hai|3 lATosaMhitA meM bhI yahI svarUpa nirdezita hai|4 dhavalabindumUlavRtti meM gaNima, dharima, meya, pariccheda Adi cAra prakAra kA dhana hai|" vrIhI, jau, masUra, gehU~, mUMga, udar3a, tila, canA, aNupriyaMga, kodrava, makuSTha, zAli, ADhakI, maTara, kulattha, zaNa Adi satraha prakAra kA dhAnya evaM dhana ina donoM ke parimANa kA atikramaNa karane ko aticAra mAnA hai / 3. hiraNNasuvaNNapamANAikkame-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne sone aura cA~dI kI jitanI maryAdA nizcita kI hai, usakA ullaMghana karane ko hiraNyasuvarNapramANAtikrama mAnA hai| cAritrasAra meM 1. lATIsaMhitA, 5/98 se 100 2. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 34 3. 'dhanaM gavAdi, dhAnyaM vrIhAdi" -cAritrasAra, 241 4. lATIsaMhitA, 5/103-104 5. "tathA dhanaM gaNimadharima-meya-paricchedyabhedAccaturvidham / tatra gaNimaM pUgaphalAdi dharimaM guDAdi, meyaM ghRtAdi, paricchedyaM mANikyAdi, dhAnyaM vIhAdi / etatpramANasyabandhanato'tikramo'ticAro bhavati / -dharmabinduvRtti,- municandasUri, 3/27 6. jaina lakSaNAvalI, pRSTha 568 7. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-AcArya abhayadeva, pRSTha 34

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zrAvakAcAra 119 cA~dI ke rupaye Adi sikke jinase lena-dena kA vyavahAra calatA hai, hiraNya tathA svarNa ko suvaNNa kahate hai| inakA atikramaNa karanA aticAra hai|' lATIsaMhitA meM hiraNya kA artha hIrA, motI, mAnika, Adi javAharAta evaM sonA, cA~dI, tA~bA, pItala Adi ko suvarNa mAnA hai / inakA atikramaNa karanA yaha aticAra hai / 2 4. dupayacaupayapamANAikkame-cAritrasAra meM sevikA strI ko dAsI aura sevaka puruSoM ko dAsa kahA hai, yahA~ dupaya-caupaya kI jagaha dAsa-dAsI nAma dekara usI kA svarUpa diyA gayA hai / 3 lATIsaMhitA meM bhI yahIM nAma aura svarUpa batAyA hai| vaise sAmAnyarUpa se dvipada kA artha dAsa-dAsI aura catuSpada kA artha pazuoM se lenA upayukta hai / inakA atikramaNa karanA aticAra kahalAtA hai| 5. kuviyapamANAikkame "kupyaM gRhopaskaraNaMphAlakaccolakAdiayaM cAticAro nAbhogAdinA" upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne grahopakaraNa, zayyA, Asana, vastra kI jo maryAdA kI hai, usakA ullaMghana karanA kuviya pramANAtikrama hai / 5 cAritrasAra meM vastra, kapAsa, kozA, candana, bartana Adi ko kUpya kahakara inakA atikramaNa karanA kuviyapamANAikkame batAyA hai| lATIsaMhitA meM kupya zabda kA artha bartana se liyA hai| inakI saMkhyA parimANa kA bhI atikramaNa nahIM karanA 1. ka. "hiraNyaM rupyAdivyavahAra prayojanam suvarNa vikhyAtam" -cAritrasAra, pRSTha 241 kha. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/29 ga. tattvArthavArtika, 7/29 2. lATIsaMhitA, 5/101-102 3. "dAsIdAsaM bhR tyastrIpuruSavargaH'-cAritrasAra, 241 4. lATIsaMhitA, 5/105-106 5. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA- AcArya abhayadeva, pRSTha 34 6. "kupyaM kSomakApAsakozeyacandanAdi" -cAritrasAra, 241

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120 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana cAhiye / ' dharmabindu meM AsanazayyA Adi upakaraNa ko kupya aura inake pramANa atikramaNa ko kupyapramANAtikramaNa kahA hai / 2 rAtribhojana prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne rAtribhojana ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai| usakA yaha svarUpa cAhe chaThe aNuvrata ke rUpa meM rahA ho, cAhe svatantra rUpa meM isako varNita kiyA gayA ho yA cAhe gyAraha prakAra ke zrAvakoM evaM pratimAoM meM sthAna diyA gayA ho| AcArya kundakunda ne cAritrapAhaDa meM gyAraha prakAra ke saMyamAcaraNa meM rAtribhojana tyAga ko bhI sthAna diyA hai|3 svAmIkArtikeya ne kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA hai ki jo jJAnI puruSa cAroM hI prakAra ke AhAra ko rAtri meM na svayaM khAtA hai, na dUsaroM ko khilAtA hai, vaha rAtribhojana pratimAdhArI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhayapAya meM kahA hai ki rAtri meM bhojana karane vAloM se anivArya rUpa se hiMsA hotI hai ataH rAtribhojana ko tyAganA caahie|" amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki saMyama kA vinAzaka, jIte-jAgate jIvoM ko khAne kI saMbhAvanA vAle, aise mahAdoSoM ke AlayabhUta rAtri ke samaya bhojana nahIM karanA cAhiye / ' sAgAradharmAmRta meM paM0 AzAdhara ne kahA hai ki loka kalyANa ke icchuka jaina zrAvaka ko rAtri meM bhojana nahIM karanA caahiye| lATIsaMhitA meM bhI rAtribhojana tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca aNuvratoM ko zrAvaka apanI zakti evaM sAmarthya ke anusAra do karaNa aura 1. lATIsaMhitA, 5/107 2. "tathA kupyaM Asana zayanAdi gRhopaskaraM tasya yanmAnaM tasya paryAyAntarA ropaNanA ti kramo'ticAro bhavati-dharmabindu, 3/27 3. cAritrapAhuDa-(aSTapAhuDa)-AcArya kundakunda, 22 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 81 5. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 129 6. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 5/40-42 7. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/27 8. lATIsaMhitA, 1/38

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zrAvakAcAra 121 tIna yoga se pAlana karatA hai, arthAt vaha mana-vacana va zarIra se na to hiMsA, jhUTha Adi bolatA hai, aura na hI dUsaroM se bulavAtA hai| ahiMsA aNuvrata meM sthUla hiMsA kA, satyANuvrata meM sthUla asatya kA, acauryANuvrata meM sthUla corI kA tyAga karatA hai| brahmacarya-aNuvrata meM apanI patno ko chor3akara anya kA parityAga karatA hai| aparigrahaaNuvrata meM 21 yA 26 boloM ( vastuoM ) kI maryAdA karatA hai| sAtha hI pratyeka vrata ke pAMcapAMca aticAra rUpa doSoM ko dhyAna meM rakhatA hai, jisase vrata kiMcit mAtra bhI skhalita nahIM hoN| ina pA~coM aNuvratoM kI pAlanA ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvaka pA~ca udumbaroM tathA madya, mAMsa va madhu ina ATha mUlaguNoM kA bho tyAga karatA hai, jo dhArmikatA ke viruddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha mAnava ko vikRta aura vahazI banAte haiM / rAtribhojana tyAga kI mahattA isI se AMkI jA sakato hai ki ise chaThA aNuvrata mAnakara kaI AcAryoM ne varNita kiyA hai| ye aNuvrata aura mUlaguNa jahA~ eka ora dhArmika siddhAntoM kI ora apanA dhyAna AkRSTa karate haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora sAmAjika, rAjanaitika va Arthika vyavasthA ko yathAroti se calAne meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna dete haiN| sahaastitva evaM samAjavAda kI dizA meM ina vratoM kA pAlana mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA karatA hai| ina aNuvratoM ko paripuSTa aura unnata banAne ke lie guNavatoM evaM zikSAktoM kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jo vyakti ko niyamita, saMyamita, tyAga aura dAna kI ora prerita karate haiN| guNavrata zabda kA artha, svarUpa evaM vargIkaraNa aNuvratoM ke vikAsakrama ko vyavasthita AdhAra pradAna karane ke liye jaina darzana meM guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH aNavatoM dvArA AtmavikAsa meM utpanna kaThinAiyoM ko guNavrata evaM zikSAvrata hI dUra karate haiM evaM unameM navIna zakti ko udbhAvanA karate haiN| AcArya amRtacandra kA kahanA hai ki jaise parakoTe nagara kI rakSA karate haiM usI prakAra zolavata aNuvratoM ko rakSA karate haiN|' yahA~ zolavrata kA 1. parighaya iva nagarANi vratAni kila pAlayanti zIlAni" / -puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 136

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122 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana tAtparya guNavrata evaM zikSAvrata se hai / donoM ke saMyukta rUpa ko zIlavrata ko abhidhA pradAna kI gaI hai / saMkhyA ko dRSTi se guNavrata tIna aura zikSAnata cAra mAne gaye haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM guNavatoM aura zikSAnatoM ko saMyukta rUpa se sAta zikSAvrata kahA hai|' upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM vratoM ko sahAyatA paha~cAne vAle ko guNavrata kI saMjJA pradAna kI gaI hai evaM paramapada ko prApta karane kI kAraNabhUta kriyA ko zikSA aura usake lie pradhAnavrata ko zikSAvrata mAna liyA hai, jinake kramazaH tIna aura cAra bheda kiye haiN| yahA~ yaha vivAdAspada kathana karane kA uddezya spaSTa nahIM ho pAyA hai| ina sAtoM vratoM ke svarUpa-varNana meM bhI upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM bhogopabhoga parimANavata tathA anarthadaNDa kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai, zeSa vratoM ke lie koI saMketa nahIM diyA gayA hai| kevala unake aticAroM ke varNana karane se inake astitva kA patA calatA hai| vaise guNavatoM evaM zikSAvratoM ke nAmoM aura unake kramoM meM paryApta antara pratIta hotA hai / kisI ne usako guNavata mAnA hai to usI ko kisI ne zikSAvrata mAnA hai| tIna guNavatoM evaM cAra zikSAvratoM meM digvata tathA anarthadaNDa ko guNavrata evaM atithisaMvibhAga ko zikSAvrata sabhI granthakAroM dvArA mAnya hai| sAmAyika aura proSadhopavAsa vrata ko 'vasunandizrAvakAcAra' ko chor3akara sabane zikSAvratoM meM sammilita kiyA hai| vratoM kI vibhinna zAkhAoM meM dezavata, bhogopabhogaparimANavrata evaM sallekhanA ke bAre meM paryApta matabheda rahA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne 'cAritrapAhuDa' meM bhogopabhogaparimANa ko guNavrata aura sallekhanA ko zikSAvrata 1. "ahaM NaM devANuppiyANaM paMcANuvvaiyaM satta sikkhAvaiyaM duvAlasavihaM gihi dhamma paDivajjisAmi" -uvAsagadasAo, 1/12 2. ka. "vratAntaraparipAlanena sAdhakamatAni vratAni guNavratAnyucyante" -upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-muni ghAsIlAla, pR0 232 kha. "paramapadaprAptisAghanIbhUtA kriyA tasyai" --upAsakadazAMgaTIkA-muni ghAsIlAla, pR0 244

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zrAvakAcAra 123 mAnA hai / ' AcArya umAsvAti ne 'tattvArthasUtra' meM dezavrata ko guNavrata evaM bhogopabhogaparimANa ko zikSAvratoM meM sthAna diyA hai| vaise inhoMne sabhI ko vrata hI kahA hai / 'ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' meM digvrata, anarthadaNDa aura bhogopabhogaparimANa ko guNavrata tathA dezAvakAzika, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, vaiyAvRtya ko zikSAvrata kahA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra kA anusaraNa kara dezAvakAzika vrata ke krama ko pahale kI jagaha cauthA sthAna diyA hai / AcArya vasunandi ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM bhogavirati tathA upabhogavirati donoM ko alaga-alaga kara zikSAvratoM meM sthAna diyA hai / jahA~ taka sallekhanA kA prazna hai AcAryakundakunda ne cAritrapAhuDa tathA AcArya vasunandi ne zrAvakAcAra meM cauthA zikSAvrata mAnA hai / parantu upAsakadazAMgasUtra, tattvArthasUtra, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra aura kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM sallekhanA ko vratoM ke bAda varNita kiyA hai / 7 isa prakAra vibhinna granthoM meM guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA jo krama varNita hai, usakA spaSTIkaraNa Age ke pRSTha para prastuta prArUpa ( cArTa ) se ho jAtA hai : 1. disividisimANa paDhamaM aNatthadaNDassa vajjaNaM vidiyaM / bhogopabhogaparimA iyameva guNavvayA tiNi // sAmAiyaM ca paDhamaM vidiyaM ca taheva posahaM bhaNiyaM / taiyaM ca ati hipujjaM cauttha sallehaNA aMte // - cAritrapAhuDa ( aSTapAhuDa ), gAthA 25, 26 "digdezAnarthadaNDavirati - sAmAyika - proSadhopavAsopabhoga- paribhogaparimANAtithi saMvibhAgavrata sampannazva" - tattvArtha sUtra, 7/21 3. ka. digvratamanarthadaNDavrataM ca bhogopabhogaparimANam / - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 4/1 kha. dezAvakAzikaM vA sAmAyikaM proSadhopavAso vA / vaiyAvRtyaM zikSAvratAni catvAri ziSTAni - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 5/1 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 66 5. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, 217-218 6. ka. cAritrapAhuDa, ( aSTapAhuDa ), 25; kha. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 271-272 7. ka. uvAsagadasAo, 1/54 kha. tattvArthaMsUtra, 7/22 ga. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 6 / 122. gha. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 91

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upAsakadazAMgasUtra zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra zrAvakaprajJapti yogazAstra umAsvAti tattvArtha sUtra kundakunda-cAritrapAhuDa tattvArtha sUtra- di0 puruSArthasiddhayupAya upAsakAdhyayana amitagatizrAvakAcAra ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra 1 divrata digvrata divrata digvrata vibhinna granthoM meM varNita krama guNavrata 2 3 1 3 upabhogapari anarthadaNDa sAmAyika dezAvakAzika proSadha bhogaparimA dezavrata zikSAvrata Navrata dezavrata anarthadaNDa sAmAyika proSadhopavAsa anarthadaNDa bhogopabhoga sAmAyika proSadhopavAsa divrata anarthadaNDa sAgAradharmAmRta kArtikeyAnuprekSA digvrata anarthadaNDa vasunandizrAvakAcAra digvrata dezavrata bhogopabhoga dezavrata sAmAyika bhogopabhoga sAmAyika proSadhopavAsa anarthadaNDa upabhoga paribhoga atithi saMvibhAga bhogavirati paribhoga virati 4 atithi saMvi bhAga vrata anarthadaNDa sAmAyika proSadhopavAsa bhogopabhoga atithi saMvi parimANa bhAga vrata atithi saMvi bhAga vrata sallekhanA proSadhopavAsa vaiyAvRtya atithi dezavrata saMvibhAga atithi sallekhanA saMvibhAga 124 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana

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zrAvakAcAra 125 vibhinna guNavrata va aticAra isa prakAra vibhinna AcAryoM dvArA vaNita guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM ke krama meM cAhe jo parivartana rahA ho, parantu svarUpa ke sambandha meM matabheda nahIM hai| guNavata mUlavratoM (aNuvratoM) kI yathocita paripAlanA evaM unnati ke lie guNavratoM kA nirmANa kara usameM digvata, upabhogaparibhoga tathA anarthadaNDa ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| ye aNuvratoM meM guNoM kA vikAsa karane meM sahAyaka siddha hote haiN| inakA kramazaH saMkSipta varNana isa prakAra hai : digvrata-isa digvrata ko sabhI AcAryoM ne guNavrata mAnA hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM isake svarUpa ke sambandha meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA hai| isakI TIkA meM isake svarUpa ke bAre meM kahA hai ki pUrva, pazcima Adi dizAoM meM 'maiM' itanA dUra taka nahIM jAU~gA tathA isase Age nahIM jAU~gA, isa prakAra dizAoM kI maryAdA kara lenA digvrata hai|' Avazyaka sUtra meM bAraha vratoM ke aticAroM ke pATha meM Urdhva, adho evaM tiryaka dizA kA yathAparimANa tathA pAMca Azrava sevana ke tyAga ko digavata kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM dasoM dizAoM kI maryAdA karake sUkSma pApoM kI nivRtti ke lie "maiM isase bAhara nahIM jAU~gA" isa prakAra kA maraNapayanta taka ke lie saMkalpa digvrata kahA hai|3 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM nAmollekhita 1. "majjAyA gamaNe hoi, puvvAisu disAsu jaa| eyaM siyA disivayaM tivihaM taM ca kittiya // -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-muni ghAsIlAla pR0 235 2. "chaThA dizivrata-uDDhadizi kA yathAparimANa, ahodizi kA yathAparimANa, tiriyadizi kA yathAparimANa evaM Age jAkara pA~ca Azrava sevana kA -AvazyakasUtra 6 3. ka. "digvalayaM parigaNitaM kRtvA'to'haM bahirna yAsyAmi / iti saGkalpo digvatamAmRtyaNupApavinivRttya / / -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 68 paccakkhANa / "

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126 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana dasoM dizAoM ke nAma cAmuNDAcArya ke cAritrasAra meM spaSTa rUpa se milate haiM / ina pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, urdhva dizA, adhodizA evaM cAra vidi- zAoM jinameM IzAna, Agneya, naiRtya, vAyavya Adi kI maryAdA prasiddha samudra, aTavI, parvata tathA yojanoM ke rUpa meM kara lenI caahie| yaha maryAdA karanA hI digvrata hai|' isake sivAya anya kisI meM dasoM dizAoM ke nAma nahIM die gae haiM / uparyukta maryAdA ko sabhI ne pratipAdita kiyA hai / aticAra digvrata ke pA~ca aticAra AcAryoM ne pratipAdita kie haiM / upAsakadazAMgasUtra, zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, tattvArthasUtra, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zrAvakaprajJapti, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, cAritrasAra, yogazAstra, amitagati zrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta meM urdhvadizA kA pramANAtikrama, adhodizA kA pramANAtikrama, tiryadizA kA pramANAtikrama, kSetra vRddhi tathA dizA kI maryAdA kI smRti nahIM rakhanA, yaha pA~ca aticAra batalAye gaye haiM / kha. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 40, 41 zrAvakaprajJapti, 280 ga. gha. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 137, 138 Ga. upAsakAdhyayana, 7/415 ca. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6/77 cha. yogazAstra, 3/1 ja. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 214 jha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/2 1. " tatraprAcI apAcI udIcI pratIcI urdhvaM adhovidizazceti" 2. ka. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 69 kha. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 137 ga. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 214 gha. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 - caritrAsAra- zIlasaptaka varNana 3. ka. " uDDhadisipamANAikkame ahodisipamA gAikane, tiriyadisipamANA ikkame, khettavuDDhI saiaMtaraddhA" - uvAsagadasAo, 1/50

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zrAvakAcAra 127 upAsaka dazAMga meM varNita digvrata ke pA~ca aticAroM kA khulAsA isa prakAra hai : - 1. Urdhva dizAparimANaatikramaNa upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne - "udisipamANAtikka me, uDDhadisAikkame" ukta donoM zabdoM kA sAmAnya artha Urdhva dizA ko maryAdA kA ullaM - 'ghana karanA kahA hai|' zrAvatrajJaptiTIkA meM UrdhvadizA meM parvata Adi ke Upara jitane kosa taka jAne kA pramANa svIkRta kiyA hai, usakA ullaMghana karanA prathama UrdhvadizAtikrama hai / yogazAstra svopajJaTIkA meM bhI UMce parvata, vRkSa, zikhara para jAne ke niyama kA ullaMghana karane ko yaha aticAra kahA hai / 2. adhodizAyathAparimANaatikramaNa - sarvArthasiddhi meM kUpa evaM bAvaDI Adi meM nIce utarane kI svIkRta sImA ke ullaMghana ko adhodizAyathAparimANa kahA hai | cAritrasAra, tattvArthavArtika Adi meM bhI yahI svarUpa kha. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata, 6 ga. tattvArthasUtra 7/25 gha. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 4/73 Ga. zrAvakaprajJapti, 283 ca. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 188 cha. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha ) pRSTha 242 ja. yogazAstra, 3 / 96 jha. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/8 a. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/5 1. upAsaka dazAMgasUtra TIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 36 2. zrAvakaprajJapti TIkA, 283, pRSTha 167 3. " tathA Urdhva parvata - taru zikharAdaiH, tasya vyatikramaH " yo'saubhAgo niyamitaH pradezaH - yogazAstra svopajJavivaraNikA, 3/97 4. " kUpAvataraNadera ho - 'tikrama " - sarvArthasiddhi, 7/30

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128 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana svIkRta hai / ' DaoN0 dayAnanda bhArgava ne apanI pustaka meM kue yA makAna ke tahakhAne meM jAne kI svIkRta sImA ke ullaMghana ko adhodizApramANAtikrama kahA hai| 3. tiryadizAyathAparimANa-atikramaNa-sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthazlokavAtika tathA cAritrasAra meM bhUmigata mila tathA parvata kI guphA Adi meM praveza karake digvata kI sImA kA ullaMghana karanA tiryakpramANAtikrama kahA hai| DaoN0 dayAnanda bhArgava ne kisI yAtrA meM dizA kI sImA kA ullaMghana isa aticAra meM ginA hai| 4. kSetravRddhi-upAsakadazAMgasUtra TIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne udAharaNa sahita batAyA hai ki do vibhinna dizAoM kI, jo maryAdA kI hai, usameM eka dizA se dUsarI dizA meM kSetra sImA bar3hAkara parivartana karanA kSetravRddhi hai|5 zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM svIkRta kSetra ke bar3hA lene ko kSetravaddhi va hA hai|' cAritrasAra meM pahale dizAoM kI yojana Adi ke dvArA jo maryAdA kI hai usameM punaH lobhavaza usase adhika kI AkAMkSA rakhanA kSetravRddhi mAnA hai| 1. ka. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha) pRSTha 242 kha. tattvArthavArtika, 7/3/3 2. bhArgava, dayAnaMnda, jaina ithiksa, pRSTha 126 3. ka. "bila pravezA destiryagatikrama"- sarvArthasiddhi 7/30 kha. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 730 ga. "bhUmi bilagiridarI pravezAdistiyaMgatikrama"--cAritrasAra, pRSTha 8 4. bhArgava, dayAnaMda, jaina ithiksa, peja 126 5. "ekato yojana zataparimANa mabhigRhItamanyato dasa yojanAnyabhigRhItAni, tatazca yasyAM dizi dasa yojanAni tasyAM dizi samutpanne kArye yojanazatamadhyAdapanIyAnyAni dasa yojanAni tatraiva svabuddhayA prakSipati saMvardhayatyekata ityrthH| ayaM cAticAro vrata sApekSatvAdavaseyaH" -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 36 6. zrAvakaprajJapti TokA, pRSTha 167 / / 7. cAritrasAra ( zrAvakAcAra saMgraha ) pRSTha 243 .

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zrAvakAcAra 5. smRtyantaraddhA-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne smRtyantardhAna zabda dekara isakA artha maryAdA kA vismata honA kiyA hai| isa prakAra kA sandeha honA ki maiMne sau yojana kI maryAdA kI hai athavA pacAsa yojana kI / isake vismRta hone para pacAsa yojana se bAhara jAnepara bhI doSa lagatA hai cAhe maryAdA sau yojana kI rakhI ho|' tattvArthabhASya, sarvArthasiddhi Adi meM niyata sImA kA kahA~ taka kitanA pramANa kiyA hai, vaha ajJAna evaM pramAdavaza bhUla jAnA arthaM kiyA hai|2 zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, cAritrasAra tathA lATIsaMhitA meM bhI vahI svarUpa pratipAdita hai, jo tattvArthabhASya meM hai| digvata meM vyakti apane gamanAgamana kI dizAoM kI eka nizcita dUrI kI sImA nirdhArita kara letA hai, jisase usake bAhara kI sImA meM hone vAle kAryoM kA doSa nahIM lagatA hai| vaha maryAdA vyakti kI sAmarthyAnusAra hotI hai| isameM UMcI, nIcI, tirachI dizA meM maryAdA se Age jAnA, kSetra bar3hAnA evaM kSetra kI maryAdA kA dhyAna nahIM rakhanA, pAMca doSa haiM, jinase bacanA jarUrI hotA hai| upabhogaparibhoga parimANa vrata jo vastueM eka bAra kAma meM AtI haiM use upabhoga tathA jo vastueM bAra-bAra kAma meM AtI haiM use paribhoga kahA hai| isake viparIta kahIM-kahIM para eka bAra kAma meM Ane vAlI ko paribhoga tathA bAra-bAra 1. "smRtyantardhA-smRtyantardhAnaM smRtibhraMzaH / kiM mayA vrataM gRhItaM zatamaryAdayA paMcAzanmaryAdayA vA / ityevamasyaraNeyojanazata maryAdAyAmapi paJcAzatamatikrAmato'yamaticAro'vaseya iti" -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTokA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 37 2. ka. "smRtyantardhAnaM nAma smRtebhraMzo'ntadhInamIti"--tattvArthabhASya, 7/25 kha. "ananusmaraNaM smRtyantarAdhAnam'-sarvArtha siddhi, 7/30 3. ka. zrAvakaprajJaptiTokA-283, pRSTha 167 kha. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha), pRSTha 243 ga. lATIsaMhitA, 5/121

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130 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana kAma meM Ane vAlI ko upabhoga kahA hai|' zrAvakajJaptiTIkA meM "upabhujyate iti upabhogaH" isa nirukti ke anusAra eka bAra bhogA jAnevAlA padArtha evaM "paribhujyate iti paribhogaH" isa nirukti se bAra-bAra bhoge jAne vAle padArtha ko kramazaH upabhoga aura paribhoga kahA hai| ina donoM kI maryAdA nizcita karanA hI upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM upabhoga-paribhoga parimANavrata mAnA hai| yahA~ ikkIsa vastuoM ke parimANa ko bhI nizcita karane ke lie kahA hai| zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra meM zrAvaka ko chabbIsa vastuoM ke parimANa ko nizcita karane ke lie kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM pAMca indriyoM ke viSayabhUta bhojana-vastra Adi jo eka bAra bhogakara chor3a die jAyeM use bhoga tathA jo eka bAra bhoga kara bhI pUnaH bhoge jAe use upabhoga kahA hai / * sAgAradharmAmRta, praznottarazrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM bhI ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra ke anusAra hI bhoga-upabhoga ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| isa bhoga tathA paribhoga yA upabhoga tathA paribhoga kI maryAdA ko nizcita karanA ho upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANavrata kahA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara granthoM meM sAtaveM vrata kA nAma upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANavata kahA hai| parantu digambara granthoM meM isakA nAma bhogopabhogaparimANavata 1. "uvabhoga paribhoga tti-upabhujyate paunaH punyena sevyata ityupabhogo bhavana vasanavanitAdiH / paribhujyata iti paribhogaH AhArakusumavilepanAdiH" -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-AtmArAma, pR0 32 2. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA-haribhadra, pR0 168 3. uvAsagadasAo, 22 se 38 4. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata, 7 5. ka. bhuktvA parihAtavyo bhogo bhuktvA punazca bhoktavyaH / -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 83 kha. upAsakAdhyayana, 727 6. ka. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/13-14 kha. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 17/89-90 7. ka. uvAsagadasAo, 1/22 se 38 kha. zrAvakaprajJapti

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zrAvakAcAra kahA hai|' vaise nAma se hI isameM parivartana hai, isake svarUpa meM antara nahIM hai| digambara granthoM meM eka bAra bhoge jAne vAle ko bhoga evaM bAra-bAra kAma Ane vAle padArthoM ko upabhoga kahA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata meM ikkIsa vastuoM kI maryAdA nizcita kI hai, jinake tyAga se isakA paripAlana ho sake / ina ikkIsa vastuoM kA vivaraNa kramazaH isa prakAra hai : 1. udadravaNikA vidhi-isameM snAna ke bAda zarIra poMchane meM kAma Ane vAle taulie kI maryAdA kI jAtI hai / 2. dantadhAvana vidhi-isameM dA~toM ko sApha karane ke prasaGga se eka do dAtuna ke sivAya sabakA pratyAkhyAna ( tyAga ) kiyA gayA hai / 3. phala vidhi-isameM phaloM meM eka-do ko chor3akara bAko phaloM kA tyAga kiyA gayA hai| 4. abhyaGgana vidhi-isameM mAliza karane ke teloM kI maryAdA nizcita kI hai| udvartana vidhi-isameM zarIra para lagAI jAne vAlI ubaTana kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| 6. snAna vidhi-isameM snAna ke lie pAnI kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| 1. ka. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 83 kha. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6/93 ga. yogazAstra, 3/5 2. uvAsagadasAo, 1/22 3. uvAsagadasAo, 1/23 4. vahI, 1/24 5. vahI, 1/25 6. vahI, 1/26 7, vahI, 1/27

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. .. 132 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana 7. vastra vidhi-isameM kisI vizeSa sUta ke bane hue kapar3oM kI maryAdA nizcita kI hai| vilepana vidhi-isameM zarIra para candana Adi se lepa karane vAlI vastuoM kI maryAdA kI gaI hai| puSpa vidhi-isameM zarIra para dhAraNa karane kI mAlA meM vizeSa prakAra ke puSpoM kI maryAdA kA varNana hai / 3 / / 10. AbharaNa vidhi-zarIra ko suzobhita karane vAle alaMkAroM kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| dhUpa vidhi-agarabattI Adi dhUpanoya vastuoM kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| bhojana vidhi-isameM bhojana ke sAtha peya padArthoM kI bhI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| bhakSya vidhi-isameM khAne yogya miThAI ko maryAdA nizcita kI gaI odaNa vidhi-isameM cAvala kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| 15. sUpa vidhi-isameM pIne yogya, dAla, maTara, mUMga, Adi ke sUpa ko maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| 16. ghRta vidhi-isameM ghI kI maryAdA nizcita hai / 1. uvAsagadasAo, 1/28 2. vahI, 1/29 3. vahI, 1/30 4. vahI, 1/31 5. vahI, 1/32 6. vahI, 1/33 7. vahI, 1/34 8. vahI, 1/35 9. vahI, 1/36 10. vahI, 1/37

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zrAvakAcAra 133 17. zAka vidhi - isameM khAne kI harI sabjiyoM kI maryAdA hai / " 18. mAdhura vidhi - mAdhura yAni gur3a, zakkara Adi kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| 19. jemana vidhi - isameM vyaJjana vidhi arthAt vyaJjanoM kI maryAdA nizcita kI hai / 20. pAnIya vidhi - isameM pIne ke pAnI kI maryAdA kI hai / 4 21. tAmbUla vidhi - isameM mukha zuddhi ke lie pAna Adi kI maryAdA kI hai | zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra meM chabbIsa boloM ke dvArA upabhoga - paribhoga kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai / jisameM uparokta ikkIsa padArthoM ko to mAnA hI hai, sAtha hI vAhana vidhi, uvAhaNa vidhi, sayaNa vidhi, sacitta vidhi, dravya vidhi kI bhI maryAdA kA vidhAna hai, jinake kevala nAma hI ginAye haiM / ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM parigrahaparimANavrata meM dI huI maryAdA ke bhItara rAga aura Asakti ko kRza karane ke lie prayojanabhUta indriyoM ke viSayoM kI saMkhyA ko sImita karane ko bhogopabhogaparimANavrata kahA hai / 7 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM, jo apane citta evaM zakti ke anusAra bhoga evaM upabhoga vastu kA parimANa nizcita karatA hai, 1. uvAsagadasAo, 1/38 2. vahI, 1 / 39 3. vahI, 1/40 4. vahI, 1/41 1 / 42 5. vahI, 6. .... mukhavAsavihi, vAhaNavihi, uvAhaNavihi, sayaNavihi, sacittavihi, Goa | - zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata, 7 7. ka. akSArthAnAM parisaMkhyAnaM bhogopabhogaparimANam / arthavatAmapyavadhau rAgaratInAM nUtaye // kha. puruSArtha siddhayupAya, 165 -166 -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 4/82

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134 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana vahI bhogopabhogaparimANavata kA dhArI hai, aisA kahA hai|' AcArya vasunandi ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM bhoga va paribhoga ko alaga-alaga karake do alaga-alaga vrata mAne haiN| yahA~ zArIrika zRMgAra, tAmbUla, gaMdha evaM puSpAdi kA jo parimANa kiyA jAtA hai, use bhoga virati evaM apanI zakti ke anusAra strI sevana evaM vastrAbhUSaNa kA jo parimANa kiyA jAtA hai, use paribhogavirati nAmaka vrata mAnA hai| - jisa prakAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM bhogopabhoga ke ikkIsa evaM zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM chabbIsa prakAra kI vastuoM kA tyAga kiyA gayA hai, vaha to padArthoM ke rUpa se varNita hai, parantu digambara zrAvakAcAra granthoM meM yama evaM niyama do prakAra se tyAga kA vidhAna hai| ina granthoM meM alpakAla ke liye jo tyAga kiyA jAtA hai use niyama aura yAvajjIvana ke lie jo tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, vaha yama kahalAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM upabhogaparibhoga ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM :--(1) dina, rAta, pakSa, mAsa, do mAsa, chaH mAsa, eka varSa Adi / (2) bhojana, vAhana, zayana, snAna, kesara Adi vilepana / (3) puSpa, vastra, AbhUSaNa kAmasevana, gatizravaNa Adi / aticAra isa vrata ke bhI pAMca aticAra haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra evaM zrAvakaprajJapti meM upabhogaparibhoga ke do prakAra mAne haiN| yahA~ ye donoM rUpa aticAroM ke varNana ke sAtha batAye haiN| isameM pahalA bhojana se tathA dUsarA karma se sambandhita hai| bhojana sambandho parimANavata ke pA~ca aticAra mAne haiN| yathA1. ka. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 49 kha. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6/92 2. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 217-218 3. ka. "niyamo yamazca vihitau dvadhA bhogopabhogasaMhAre / niyamaH parimitakAlo yAvajjIvaM yamo ghriyate / / -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 87 kha. upAsakAdhya yana, 728 ga. sAgAradharmAmata, 5/14 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21

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zrAvakAcAra "sacittAhAre, sacittapaDibaddhAhAre, appauliosahibhakkhaNayA, duppauliosahibhakkhaNayA, tucchosahibhakkhaNayA" arthAt sacittavastu khAnA, sacitta ke sAtha saTI huI vastu khAnA, kaccI vanaspati khAnA, pUrI na pakI huI vanaspati khaanaa|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM viSayarUpa ke sevana se upekSA nahIM karanA, pUrva meM bhoge gaye viSayoM kA bAra-bAra smaraNa karanA, vartamAna viSaya meM ati lolupatA rakhanA, bhaviSya meM viSaya sevana ko ati tRSNA rakhanA, niyatakAla meM bhogoM ko adhika bhoganA isa vrata ke pAMca aticAra mAne haiN| tattvArthasUtra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya evaM amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM sacitta AhAra, sacittasambandhaAhAra, sacitta samizra AhAra, indriyoM ko maMda karane vAlI vastu, Thoka rIti se nahIM pake hue bhojana ko karanA, ye pA~ca aticAra mAne haiM / 1. sacittaAhAra-zrAvakajJaptiTIkA meM kandamUlAdi jo cetanA sahita hote haiM, use sacitta AhAra kahA hai| sarvArthasiddhi aura lATI saMhitA meM bhI yahI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai|" 2. sacittapratibaddhaAhAra-zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, lATIsaMhitA, sarvArthasiddhi 1. ka. "uvabhoga paribhoge duvihe paNNatte taMjahA-bhoyaNao ya kammao ya tatthaNaM bhoyaNao samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA / / -uvAsagadasAo, 1/51 kha. zrAvakaprajJapti, 286 2. "viSayaviSato'nupekSA'nusmRtiratilaulyamatitRSAnubhavau / bhogopabhoga parimAvyatikramAH paJca kathyante / / -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 3/90 3. ka. tattvArthasUtra, 7/35 kha. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 193 ___ ga. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/13 4. "sacittAhAraM khalu sacetanaM mUla kandAdikam-"zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 286 5. ka. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/35 kha. lATIsaMhitA, 5/214

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana Adi meM caitanya dravya se saMzliSTa AhAra ko sacittasambaddhAhAra kahA hai|' 3. apakvadoSa-zrAvakaprajJapti TokA meM jo bhojya padArtha pakA nahIM ho, kaccA ho, vaha apakva kahalAtA hai / 2 AcArasAra, bhAvasaMgrahaTIkA meM agni Adi dravya ke dvArA jisakA rUpa, rasa, gaMdha anyathA nahIM huA ho vaha apakva doSa vAlA hotA hai / 4. duSpakva doSa-zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM jo bhojya padArtha adhapakA ho duSpakva mAnA gayA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM ThIka se nahIM pake hue AhAra ko duSpakva AhAra kahA hai / 5. tuccha auSadhi-zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM mUMga kI phaliyoM Adi ko niHsAra vastu samajhakara tuccha nAma diyA hai| isa prakAra vyakti apane khAne-pIne ko tathA vastrAbhUSaNa kI eka maryAdA nizcita kara letA hai, vaha cAhe ikkosa boloM ke rUpa meM ho, cAhe chabbIsa, satraha va aThAraha ke rUpa meN| zeSa samasta vastuoM kA parityAga karatA hai| inameM kandamUlAdi cetanA yukta padArtha yA usase saTA haA padArtha, AdhA pakA padArtha aura gannA Adi tuccha vastuoM ke khAne ke doSoM se bacanA hotA hai| karmAdAna upabhogaparibhogaparimANavata ke uparyukta pA~ca aticAroM ke atirikta 1. ka. "tatpratibaddhaM ca vRkSasthaguMda, pakvaphalAdi lakSaNam" -zrAvakaprajJaptiTokA,286 kha. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/35 ga. lATIsaMhitA, 5/216 2. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 286 3. ka. ....apakvaM pAvakAdibhi / dravyeratyaktapUrvasvavarNa gaMdharasaM bindu, AcArasAra, 8/52 kha. bhAvasaMgrahaTIkA, 100 4. "duHpakvAstvardhasvinAH"-zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 286 5. "asamyakpakvo duHpakva"-sarvArthasiddhi, 7/35 6. "tucchAstvasArA mudgaphalIprabhRtaya iti'|-shraavkprjnyptittiikaa 286

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zrAvakAcAra 137 karma ke anusAra pandraha aticAra aura bhI ginAe gaye haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra evaM AvazyakasUtra meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke aticAra ke pATha meM pandraha karmAdAnoM ke kevala nAma nirdeza haiN|' sAgAradharmAmRta, yogazAstra, zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA Adi meM inakA svarUpa bhI pratipAdita hai| pandraha karmAdAna isa prakAra haiM :1. aMgAra karma-yogazAstra meM koyalA banAkara, bhAr3a-bhaMjakara, kumhAra, lahAra, sudhAra, ThaThere Adi kA kArya karake AjIvikA kamAne vAloM ke karma ko aMgAra karma mAnA hai| zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM agni ko prajjvalita kara koyalA, lohe Adi ke upakaraNa banAne ko aMgAra karma kahA hai / 2. vana karma-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM vana karma kA artha aise vyavasAya se kiyA hai jisakA sambandha vanoM yA jaMgaloM se ho, jaise lakar3I kATa kara becanA yA cakkI calAnA athavA vanaspati kA chedana saba isI meM sammilita hai| yogazAstra, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM kaTe yA binA kaTe vana ke pattoM, phUloM ko becakara, dhAnya ko dalakara, pIsakara AjIvikA calAne ko vana karma kahA hai / 1. ka. "kammao NaM samaNovAsaeNaM paNNarasa kammAdANAiM .... iMgAlakamme, vaNakamme, sADIkamme, bhADIkamme, phoDIkamme, daMtavANijja, lakkhAvANijja, rasavANijje, visavANijje, kezavANijje, jaMtapolagakamme, nillaMchaNakamme, davaggidAvaNayA, saradahatalAyasosaNayA, asaijaNapoSaNayA" -uvAsagadasAo, 1/47 kha. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra-aNuvrata, 7 ga. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/21,23 gha. yogazAstra, 3/98 se 100 Ga. zrAvakaprajJapti, 287-288 2. yogazAstra, 3/101 3. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 287 4. "vanakarma ca vanaspati chedanapUrvakaMtadvi kraya jIvanam" -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTokA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 39 5. ka. yogazAstra, 3/102 ___ kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9/3/337

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138 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana 3. sAr3I karma - upAsaka dazAMga sUtraTIkA meM bailagAr3I, ratha Adi banAkara yogazAstra evaM triSaSTicAka Adi banAnA, becane kA dhaMdhA karanA sAr3I karma mAnA hai / ' zalAkApuruSacaritra meM gAr3I aura usake aMga, calAnA va becanA zakaTa jIvikA mAnI hai / 2 4. bhATI karma - upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA meM pazu, baila, azva Adi ko bhAr3e para dene ke vyApAra ko bhATI karma kahA hai / yogazAstra va triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra meM gAr3I, baila, khaccara, ghor3e Adi ko bhAr3e ke nimitta calAkara becane kA dhaMdhA karanA bhATI karma hai / AvazyakaTIkA evaM zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM bhI yahI svarUpa varNita hai / 5- phor3o karma - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM kudAla, hala dvArA khAna khodane, patthara phor3ane Adi ke vyApAra ko phor3I karma kahA hai / yogazAstra evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM tAlAba, va kue~ Adi ko khodane, zilAoM ko tor3ane Adi kriyAoM ko phor3I karma batAyA 1. " zakaTakarma zakaTAnAM ghaTana vikrayavAhanarUpaM " --upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 39 2. ka. yogazAstra, 3 / 103 kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9/3/338 3. " bhATakakarma mUlyArthaM gantryAdibhiH parakIyabhAMDavahanaM' - upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva pRSTha 39 4. ka. zakaTokSa - lulAyoSTra kharAzvatara vAjinAm / bhArasya vAhanAd vRttirbhavedbhAkajovikA // -- yogazAstra, 3/104 kha. triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra 9/3/339 5. ka. " bhATIkammaM saeNa bhaMDovakkhareNa bhADaeNa vahai, parAyagaM Na kappati asi vA sagaDaM baladde ya na deti " --AvazyakaTIkA, 6/829 kha. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 288 6. "sphoTa karmakuddAlahalAdibhibhUmidAraNena jIvanam " upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA abhayadeva, 1439

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zrAvakAcAra 139 hai / ' sAgAradharmAmRtasvopajJaTokA meM pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke upamardana hetu uDAdi kriyA dvArA jIvikA ko sphoTaka karma mAnA hai / 6. danta vANijya - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTokA meM hAthI Adi ke dA~toM kA vyApAra karanA, jisameM carma Adi kA bhI vyApAra sammilita hai, use danta vANijya kahA hai ! ra yogazAstra, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ke anusAra hAthI ke dAMta, gAya ke bAla, ulUka ke nAkhUna, zaMkha kI asthi, siMhAdi kA carma tathA haMsa ke roka kA vyApAra karanA danta vANijya batAyA gayA hai | 7. lAkha vANijya - lAkha, capar3I Adi ke vyApAra ko upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA meM lAkSAvANijya kahA hai / " yogazAstra tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM lAkha, mainasila, nIla, dhAtakI ke phUla, chAla Adi kA vyApAra karanA lAkSAvANijya kahA hai / 8. rasa vANijya - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM madirA Adi rasoM ke vyApAra ko rasa vANijya kahA hai / " yogazAstra aura triSaSTizalAkA 1. ka. yogazAstra, 3/105 kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9 / 3 / 340 2. "sphoTajIvikA uDAdi karmaNA pRthivo kAyikA dyupa mada hetunAjIvanam " - sAgAradharmAmRta svopajJaTIkA, 5/21 3. " dantavANijyaM hastidaMtanakhasaMkha pUrti kezAdinAM tatkarmakAribhyaH krayeNatahi kraya pUrvaka jIvanam " - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 39-40 4. ka. yogazAstra, 3 / 106 kha. triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra, 9 / 3 / 341 "lakkhavANijjaM saMjAtajIva dravyAntaravikrayopalakSaNaM" 5. 6. ka. yogazAstra, 3 / 107 kha. triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra, 9 / 3 / 342 5. 7. " rasavANijjesurAdivikraya' ET - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 40 -upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 40

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140 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana puruSacaritra ke anusAra makkhana, carbI, madhu evaM madya Adi ke becane ko rasa vANijya mAnA hai|' viSa vANijya-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM prANiyoM ko ghAta se sambandhita zastrAdi ko vikraya karane ko viSavANijya kahA hai| yogazAstra va triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM viSa, zastra, hala, yantra, lohA Adi prANaghAtaka vastuoM ke vyApAra ko viSavANijya batAyA hai| 10. keza vANijya-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM dAsa-dAsI tathA pazu Adi jIvita prANiyoM ke kraya-vikraya kA dhandhA karanA keza vANijya mAnA hai| yogazAstra, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM bhI yahI svarUpa batAyA hai| 11. jantapIlaNa karma-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM ghANI, kolhU Adi yantroM ke dvArA tila, sarasoM Adi ko pIlane kA dhandhA karanA yantrapIlaNa karma mAnA hai| anya sabhI ne bho prAyaH yahI svarUpa diyA hai| 1. ka. yogazAstra, 3/108 ___ kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9/3/343 2. "viSavANijjaM jIvaghAtaprayojanaM zastrAdivikrayopalakSaNaM" -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 40 3. ka. yogazAstra, 3/109 kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9/3/344 4. "kezavANijyaM kezavatAMdAsIdAsagavoSTra hastyAdikAnAM vikraya rUpaM" - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 40 5. ka. yogazAstra, 3/108 kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9/3/344 6. "yaMtrapIr3aNa karma yaMtreNa tilekSuprabhRtInAM yatpIDanarUpakarmata tathA" -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 40 7. ka. yogazAstra, 3/110 kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9/3/345

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- 141 12. nillaMchaNa karma - upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM baila Adi ko napuMsaka banAne ke vyApAra ko nilacchana karma kahA hai / " yogazAstra Adi granthoM meM jAnavaroM kI nAka bIMdhanA, DAma lagAnA, khasI, U~Ta Adi kI pITha gAlanA tathA kAna ko chedane ko nirlAcchana karma batAyA hai / " 13. davaggidAvanayA - upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA meM jaMgala meM Aga lagAnA, jisase aniyaMtrita hokara trasa jIvoM kI ghAta ho sakatI hai, aisI Aga ko davaggidAvanayA kahA hai / yogazAstra meM Adatavaza jaMgala meM Aga lagAne ko davadAna kahA hai | 4 zrAvakAcAra 14. saradahatalAya sosaNayA upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM tAlAba, jhIla, sarovara, nadI Adi jalAzayoM ko sukhAnA isameM nihita mAnA hai / " yogazAstra Adi meM bhI yahI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai / 15. asaijanapoSaNayA - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM vyabhicAra Adi ke lie vezyA ko niyukta karanA tathA zikAra Adi ke lie kutte Adi ko pAlanA bhI asaijanapoSaNa kahA hai| " yogazAstra evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM mainA, totA, billI, murgA, mayUra ko pAlanA, dAsI 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 40 2. kra. yogazAstra, 3/111 kha. triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra, 9/3/346 - 3. "davaggidANaMdavAgnervanAgne - dANaM vitaraNaM kSetrAdi zodhana nimittaM dAvAgni- upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 40 dAnamiti " 5. 4. yogazAstra, 3 / 113 "sarohRdataDAga parizoSaNatA tatra saraH - svabhAva niSpannaM, hRdonayAdinAM nimnataraH pradezaH taDAgaM khananasampannamutAna visrtINa jalasthAnam, eteSAM zoSaNaM godhUmAdInAM vapanArtham " 6. ka. yogazAstra, 3 / 113 - upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 40-41 kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9/3/348 "asaIjaNa posaNayAasatIjanasyadAsIjanasya poSaNaM tadbhATikopijIvanArthaM yattatathA evamanyadapi krUrakarmakAriNaH prANinaH poSaNam" 7. --upAsakadazAMga sutraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 41

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142 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana kA poSaNa karanA, duzlIla striyoM ko rakhanA bhI asatijanapoSaNa batAyA hai|' ina pandraha prakAra ke kAryoM ko karane se trasajIvoM kI hiMsA honA avazyaMbhAvI hai, isa kAraNa zrAvaka ina pandraha prakAra ke karmAdAnoM kA tyAga karatA hai, jisase usake AdhyAtmika AcaraNa meM bAdhA upasthita nahIM ho| anarthadaMDa-viramaNa-vrata anarthadaNDaviramaNavrata kI vyAkhyA karane se pUrva yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki anarthadaNDa, jinakI maryAdA nizcita karanI hotI hai, vaha kitane prakAra kA hai ? __"avajjhANAyariyaM, pamAyAyariyaM, hiMsappayANaM, pAvakammovaese" upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM apadhyAnAcaritta, pramAdAcaritta, hiMsrapradAna, pApakarma kA upadeza ye cAra anarthadaNDa kahe haiN| zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, zrAvakaprajJapti tathA yogazAstra Adi zvetAmbara granthoM meM anarthadaNDa ke upAsaka. dazAMga ke anusAra hI cAra bheda kiye haiN| digambara granthoM meM ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, sarvArthasiddhi, puruSArthasiddhayapAya, amitagatizrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta meM anarthadaNDa ke pAMca bheda kiye haiN| inameM pApopadeza, hiMsAdAna, apadhyAna, duHzruti va pramAdacaryA nAma diye haiN| kha. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 9/3/347 2. uvAsagadasAo, 1/43 3. ka. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra-aNuvrata, 8 kha. zrAvakaprajJapti, 289 ga. yogazAstra, 3/74 (yahA~ apadhyAna meM AtaM-raudradhyAna bhI jor3A hai) 4. ka. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 75 kha. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 43 se 47 ga. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 gha. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 141-45 Ga. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6/81 ca. sAgAradharmAmRta 5/6

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zrAvakAcAra 143 sabhI AcAryoM evaM manISiyoM ne ina sabake tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai, aisI sthiti meM inakI vistRta jAnakArI kA honA Avazyaka hai :1. apadhyAnAcarita-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA ke anusAra gRhastha apane kheta, ghara, dhana, dhAnya kI rakSA karatA hai| una pravRttiyoM ke Arambha ke dvArA jo upamardana hotA hai vaha arthadaNDa hai| arthadaNDa ke viparIta niSprayojana prANiyoM ke vidhAta ko apadhyAna mAnA hai|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra kArtikeyAnuprekSA, sarvArthasiddhi tathA puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM dveSa se kisI prANI ke vadha, bandha aura chedanAdi kA cintana karanA evaM rAga se parastrI kA cintana karanA apadhyAna kahalAtA hai| zrAvakaprajJapti, yogazAstra tathA sAgAradharmAmRta meM Arta-raudra rUpa duSTa cintana ko apadhyAna kahA hai|' 2. pramAdAcarita-ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, sarvArtha siddhi, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, sAgAradharmAmRta meM prayojana ke binA bhUmi ko khodanA, pAnI kA DholanA, agni kA jalAnA, pavana kA calAnA, vanaspati kA chedana, niSprayojana ghUmanA evaM dUsaroM ko ghumAnA pramAda carita meM sammilita kiye haiN|4 zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM madyAdijanita 1. "arthaH prayojanam gRhasthasya kSetra vastu, vAstu dhana dhAnya.... tadviparito'nartha daNDaH-upAsakadasAMgasUtraTIkA-AcArya abhayadeva, 1/43 2. ka. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 78 kha. kAtikeyAnuprekSA, 43 ga. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 gha. puruSArthasiddhaya pAya, 141, 146 3. ka. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 289 kha. yogazAstra , 3/75 ga. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/9 4. ka. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 80 kha. kAtikeyAnuprekSA, 45 ga. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 gha. puruSArthasiddhaya pAya, 143 Ga. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/10-11

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144 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana pramAda ke vaza hokara jo prANiyoM ko pIr3A pahu~cAI jAtI hai use pramAdacarita mAnA hai / " yogazAstra meM gIta, nRtya, nATaka Adi dekhanA, kAmazAstra meM Asakti, juA evaM madya kA sevana, jalakrIDA, pazuoM ko lar3AnA, bhojana, strI, deza, rAjA sambandhI vArtAlApa karanA, Adi ko pramAdAcaraNa kahA hai| " 3. histrapradAna- upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, sarvArthasiddhi, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, sAgAradharmAmRta meM hisrapradAna kA eka hI svarUpa batAyA hai / yahA~ "hiMsA hetutvAdAyudhAnalaviSAdayo hisocyate, teSAM pradAnam / anyasmai krodhAbhibhUtAya anabhibhUtAya pradAnaM pareSAM samarpaNam" kahakara batAyA gayA hai ki jina se hiMsA hotI hai vaha zastra, astra, Aga, viSa Adi hiMsA ke sAdhanoM ko krodhAviSTha vyakti ke hAthoM meM de denA hisradAna hai / parantu kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM billI, kuttA Adi mAMsa3 bhakSI pazuoM kA pAlana, Ayudha evaM lohA Adi becanA, lAkha tathA khalI Adi kA saMgraha karanA hiMsAdAna mAnA gayA hai / 4. pApopadeza - ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra evaM tattvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAra pUjyapAda akalaMkadeva ne tiyaMJcoM ko kleza pahu~cAne kA, tiryaJcoM ke vyApAra kA upadeza aura AraMbhahiMsA se dUsaroMko chalane kI kathAoM kA 1. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 289 2. yogazAstra, 3 / 78-79-80 4. 3. ka. upAsakadazAMga sUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 43 kha. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 77 ga. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 gha. puruSArthasiddhaya pAya, 144 Ga. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 289 ca. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/8 cha. yogazAstra, 3 /77 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 46 ,

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zrAvakAcAra 145 prasaMga uThAne ko pApopadeza kahA hai|' kArtikeyAnuprekSA, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, yogazAstra tathA sAgAradharmAmRta meM khetI, pazupAlana, vANijya evaM AraMbha kAryoM kA upadeza tathA puruSa-strI ke vivAha Adi meM saMyoga karane karAne ke kathana ko pApopadeza kahA hai|2 zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM pApotpAdaka kArya tiryaJca ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA, kRSi-vANijya meM bhAga lenA evaM nirarthaka upadeza denA kahe gaye haiN| duHzruti-digambara sAhitya meM yaha eka bheda aura prApta hotA hai, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA evaM sAgAradharmAmRta meM kumArgapratipAdaka zAstroM ko sunanA, bhaMDaNa, vazIkaraNa, kAmazAstra evaM anya logoM ke doSoM ko sunanA duHzruti kahA hai| puruSArthasiddhayapAya tathA sarvArthasiddhi meM rAgAdi bar3hAnevAlI khoTI kathAoM ko sunanA, saMgraha karanA evaM zikSaNa karanA duHzruti mAnA hai / isa prakAra zvetAmbara sAhitya meM cAroM prakAra ke anarthadaNDoM ke tyAga ko maryAdA nizcita karanA anarthadaNDavimaraNa-vrata mAnA hai to digambara sAhitya meM pAMcoM prakAra ke anarthakArI kAryoM kI maryAdA karanA anarthadaNDaviramaNa-vrata mAnA hai| kahIM-kahIM anarthadaNDa ke bhedoM ko na mAnakara anarthadaNDaviramaNavrata kA svarUpa hI pratipAdita kara diyA hai, isameM upAsakAdhyayana 1. ka. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 76 kha. tattvArthavArtika, 7/21 2. ka. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 44 kha. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 142 ga. yogazAstra , 3/76 gha. sAgAradharmAmRta 5/7 3. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 290 4. ka. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 79 ___ kha. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 47 ga. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/9 5. ka. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 145 kha. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21

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146 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana evaM vasunandizrAvakAcAra mukhya haiM / upAsakAdhyayana meM AcArya somadeva ne hiMsaka jantuoM ko pAlanA, hiMsA ke sAdhana dUsaroM ko denA, pApa kA upadeza denA, Artta evaM rodra dhyAna karanA, hiMsAmaya khela khelanA, idhara-udhara bhaTakanA, dUsaroM ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA, cugalI khAnA, ronA anarthadaNDa tathA ise rokane ko anarthadaNDa viramaNavrata kahA hai|" vasunandizrAvakAcAra ne lohe ke zastra becane kA tyAga karanA, mApa-tola ke bAToM ko sahI rakhanA, krUra prANiyoM kA saMgraha nahIM karanA anarthadaNDatyAgavata mAnA hai | 2 ataH isameM zrAvaka ArttadhyAna kA, binA prayojana hiMsA ke kArya kA, hiMsAtmaka zastroM kA, pApakarma kA upadeza evaM kumArga kI ora prerita karane vAle sAdhanoM kA tyAga karatA hai jisase vyartha kI hiMsA se bacAkara sadAcArayukta jIvana bana sake / aticAra vratoM ke nirvighna pAlana karane meM Ane vAlI bAdhAoM ke sandarbha meM isameM bhI pA~ca aticAra batAye haiM, jinase bacanA cAhie / "kaMdappe, kukkuie, moharie saMjuttAhigaraNe uvabhogaparibhogAiritte" upAsakadazAMgasUtra, zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra meM -- kaMdarpa, kautkucya, mokharya, saMyuktAdhikaraNa, upabhoga- paribhogAtireka, ye pA~ca aticAra ginAye haiM / " ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM kandarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, atiprasAdhana, binA so bicAre kArya karane ko aticAra kahA hai / tattvArthasUtra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zrAvakaprajJapti, cAritrasAra, yogazAstra evaM sAgAradharmAmRta meM kaMdarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, sevyArthAdhikatA evaM asamIkSAdhikaraNa ye pA~ca 1. upAsakAdhyayana, 7/1 453-55 2. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 216 3. ka. uvAsagadasAo, 1/52 4. kha. zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra - aNuvrata, 8 kandarpa, kautkucyaM maukharyamatiprasAdhanaM paJca / asamIkSya cAdhikaraNaM vyatItayo'narthadaNDakRdvirateH // -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 81

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zrAvakAcAra 147 aticAra batAye haiM / yogazAstra tathA zrAvakaprajJapti ne asamIkSAdhikaraNa ko saMyuktAdhikaraNa aura sevyArthAdhikatA ko upabhogaparibhogAtireka nAma diyA hai| inake svarUpa meM antara nahIM haiM / ' upAsakAdhyayana meM aticAra to nahIM batAye parantu upadeza se ThagI, Arambha, hiMsA kA pravartana karanA, zakti se adhika bojhA lAdanA, dUsaroM ko adhika kaSTa dene ko hAniyukta kArya kahA hai| upayukta pAMcoM aticAroM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :1. kandapaM-sarvArthasiddhi meM rAga kI adhikatA se hAsyamizrita aziSTa vacanoM ke bolane ko kaMdarpa kahA hai| cAritrasAra, lATIsaMhitA. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM rAga kI tIvratA se ha~sI mizrita vacana ko kaMdarpa kahA hai| 2. kautkucya-cAritrasAra Adi meM dUsare manuSya para zarIra kI khoTI ceSTA ko dikhAte hue rAga se samAviSTa, haMsI ke vacana bolanA yA aziSTa vacana bolanA kautkucya batAyA hai / 5 lATIsaMhitA, zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM bhI yahI svarUpa hai| 3. maukharya- sarvArthasiddhi meM dhRSTatA ke sAtha jo kucha nirarthaka bakavAda ___ kiyA jAtA hai use maukharya kahA hai| cAritrasAra, lATIsaMhitA aura 1. ka tattvArthasUtra, 7/12 kha. puruSArthasiddhayupAya 190 ga. zrAvakaprajJapti, 291 gha. cAritrasAra, pRSTha 244 Ga. yogazAstra, 3/114 ca. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/12 2. upAsakAdhyayana, 7/424 3. 'rAgodrekAt prahAsamizro ziSTa vAkya prayogaH kandarpaH" -sarvArthasiddhi, 7/32 4. ka. cAritrasAra, 244 kha. lATIsaMhitA, 5/141 ga. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 291 5. "rAgasya samAvezAdvAsyavacanamaziSTavacanamityetadubhayaM parasmin duSTena kAyakarmaNA yuktaM kautkucyam -cAritrasAra, 244-45 6. ka. lATosaMhitA, 5/142 ___kha. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 291 7. "dhASTayaprAyaM yatkincanAnarthakaM bahupralapitaM maukharyam" -sarvArthasiddhi, 7/32

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148 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM bhI azAlInatApUrvaka asatya, anarthaka bakavAsa ko maukharya mAnA hai / ' 4. saMyuktAdhikaraNa - zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM jo manuSya nAraka Adi gatiyoM meM adhikRta kiyA jAtA hai vaha adhikaraNa kahalAtA hai / eka vastu ko dUsare ke sAtha jor3anA saMyuktAdhikaraNa hai, jaise-dhanuSa ke sAtha bANa - -- "adhikriyate nara-nArakAdiSvanenetyadhikaraNam" yogazAstrasvopajJavivaraNikA meM jisake dvArA jIva durgaMti meM adhikRta kiyA jAtA hai, use adhikaraNa tathA saMyukta hala se phAla, dhanuSa se saMyukta bANa Adi ko saMyuktAdhikaraNa kahA hai| isa prakAra eka adhikaraNa ko dUsare adhikaraNa se saMyukta karane ko saMyuktAdhikaraNa batAyA hai / " 5. upabhogaparibhogAtireka -- sarvArthasiddhi tathA tattvArthavArtika meM jitanI upabhoga vastuoM ke prayojana se siddha hotI hai utane kA nAma upabhogaparibhoga artha hai evaM usase adhika upabhoga paribhoga ke saMgraha ko atireka kahA hai | cAritrasAra, lATIsaMhitA evaM zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA AvazyakatA se adhika vastuoM kA saMgraha Anarthakya mAnA gayA hai / " 1. ka. cAritrasAra, 245 kha. lATI saMhitA, 5 / 143 ga zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 291 2. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 291 yogazAstra svopajJa vivaraNikA, 3 / 115 3. 4. ka." yAvatA'rthenopabhoga - paribhogau so'rthastato'nya syAdhikyamAnarthakyam" - sarvArthasiddhi, 7/32. kha. tattvArthavArtika, 7/32/6 5. ka. cAritrasAra, 245 kha. lATIsaMhitA, 5/144-145 ga. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 291

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zrAvakAcAra 149 vibhinna zikSAvata va aticAra zikSAvata zikSA kA sAmAnya artha abhyAsa se hai| isameM nirantara abhyAsita rUpa se vratoM kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| pUrvavarNita aNuvratoM evaM guNavatoM ko eka bAra grahaNa karane para unheM punaH grahaNa nahIM karane par3ate haiN| parantu zikSAvratoM ko punaH-punaH abhyAsa hetu alpa samaya ke lie grahaNa karanA hotA hai| inheM sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika, prauSadhopavAsa evaM atithisaMvibhAga ina cAra rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| varNana isa prakAra sAmAyika vrata sAmAyika ko pahalA zikSAbata mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha sAmAyika AtmA meM mana, vacana, kAyA ke dvArA ramaNa karane kA sakArAtmaka pahalU hai| zrAvakAcAra ke pramukha grantha upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sAmAyika ke svarUpa ke bAre meM kahIM para koI varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai phira bhI pUrva meM zrAvakoM dvArA bAraha vratoM ke grahaNa karane kI jo pratijJA AtI hai usase apratyakSa meM isake astitva ko svIkArA jA sakatA hai| zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra ke nauvaM sAmAyikavata meM samasta sAvadyayoga kA, jitane samaya taka kA niyama liyA hai, utane samaya taka ke lie tyAga karane ko sAmAyika mAnA gayA hai| usakA yaha tyAga do karaNa aura tIna yoga se hotA hai|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM eka nizcita samaya taka hiMsAdi pA~coM pApoM ko tIna karaNa evaM tIna yoga se tyAga sAmAyika kahA hai / 2 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM paryaGka Asana ko bA~dha kara yA usa para sIdhA khar3A hokara 1. "savva sAvajjaM jogaM paccakkhAmi jAva niyamaM pajjuvAsAmi duvihaM tiviheNaM na karemi na kAravemi manasA vayasA kAyasA" --zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra-aNuvrata, 9 2. ka. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 97 kha. zrAvakaprajJapti, 293 ga. "sAmAyikaM nAmAbhigRhya kAlaM sarvasAvadyayoga nikSepaH" -tattvArthabhASya, 7/16

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150 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana nizcita samaya taka indriyoM ke vyApAra se rahita hokara mana ko ekAgrakara, kAya ko saMkocakara, hAtha kI aMjali bAMdha lenA aura AtmasvarUpa meM lIna hokara sarvasAvadha yoga ko chor3ane ko sAmAyika kahA gayA hai|' upAsakAdhyayana meM jinendradeva kI pUjA kA jo upadeza hai usa samaya aura usameM usake icchakajanoM ke jo-jo kAma batalAye gaye haiM, use sAmAyika kahA hai / 2 amitagati Adi ne Arta aura raudra dhyAna ko chor3akara nirmala dharma-dhyAna se yukta hokara bhaktipUrvaka kiyA gayA kArya sAmAyika mAnA hai|3 sAgAradharmAmRta meM paM0 AzAdhara ne kezabandha, muSThibandha aura vastrabandha paryanta sampUrNa rAga-dveSa aura hiMsAdika pApoM kA parityAga kara AtmA ke dhyAna ko sAmAyika mAnA hai| lATIsaMhitA meM zuddha AtmA kA sAkSAt cintana karane ko sAmAyika kahA hai / 5 / / __ sAmAyika kA kAla-kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM pUrvAhna, madhyAhna evaM aparAhna tInoM ko sAmAyika kA kAla kahA hai| puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM isakI anivAryatA prAtaHkAla tathA saMdhyA ke samaya batAI hai, phira bhI anya samaya meM kI huI sAmAyika ko doSapUrNa nahIM mAnA hai| amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM bhI kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI taraha tIna bAra sAmAyika kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika kA sthAna-ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM AcArya samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki jahA~ para citta meM vikSobha utpanna nahIM ho vahIM sAmAyika karanI caahie| 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 54-56 2. upAsakAdhyayana, 8/2 3. ka. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6/86 ___ kha. yogazAstra, 3/82 4. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/28 5. lATIsaMhitA, 5/152 6. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 53 puruSArthasiddhaya pAya, 149 amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6/87 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 99

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zrAvakAcAra 151 sAmAyika ke bheda-praznottara zrAvakAcAra meM sAmAyika ke chaH prakAra batAye haiM :1. nAma sAmAyika-jo zubha aura azubha ke bhedoM ko sunakara rAga-dveSa ko tyAgatA hai, vaha nAma sAmAyika hai|' 2. sthApanA sAmAyika-jo zubha aura azubha, cetana tathA jar3a padArthoM __ko dekhakara rAga-dveSAdi kA tyAga karatA hai, usa sthApanA ko sthApanA sAmAyika mAnA hai / 3. dravya sAmAyika-jo sone tathA miTTI meM samAna bhAva rakhatA hai, vaha dravya sAmAyika hai / 4. kSetra sAmAyika-jo zubha deza meM sukha pAkara tathA azubha deza meM duHkha pAkara rAga-dveSa kA tyAga kara detA hai, vaha kSetra sAmAyika hai / 5. kAla sAmAyika-jo zItakAla meM evaM uSNakAla meM samatA dhAraNa karate haiM, usako kAla sAmAyika mAnA gayA hai / 6. bhAva sAmAyika-jo mitra-zatru Adi meM rAga-dveSa na rakhakara apane __ko samasta pApoM se rahita banA letA hai, usake bhAva sAmAyika hotI hai| aticAra prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM sAmAyika ke pA~ca aticAra mAne haiM, upAsakadazAMga Adi meM manoduSpraNidhAna, vacanaduSpraNidhAna, kAyaduSpraNidhAna, sAmAyika kI samayAvadhi kA dhyAna nahIM rakhanA evaM sAmAyika avyavasthita karanA, ye pAMca aticAra svIkAra kiye haiN|' 1. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 18/24 2. vahI, 18/25 3. vahI, 18/26 4. vahI, 18/27 5. vahI, 18/28 6. vahI, 18/29 7. ka. "paMca aiyArA jANiyanvA na samAyariyavvA taMjahA-maNaduppaNihANe, vaya

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152 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana 1. manoduSpraNidhAna - tattvArthabhASyasiddhavRtti meM krodha, lobha, droha, abhimAna, IrSyA aura kArya kI vyastatA se utpanna kSobha, mana ko jo duSpravRtta karatA hai use manoduSpraNidhAna kahA hai / " cAritrasAra meM sAmAyika karane meM mana ko na lagAne ko mana duSpraNidhAna batAyA hai / 2 lATIsaMhitA ke anusAra AtmA ke svarUpa ke cintana ke sivAya anya padArthoM kA cintana karanA AtA hai / isa aticAra meM 2. vacana duSpraNidhAna - tattvArthabhASyasiddhavRtti meM manoduSpraNidhAna kI jagaha vacanoduSpraNidhAna kara diyA gayA hai / cAritrasAra meM zabdoM ke uccAraNa meM aura usake bhAvarUpa artha meM ajAnakArI aura capalatA duppaNihANe, kAya duppaNihANe, sAmAiyassasaiakaraNayA aNavaTTiyassakaraNayA" kha. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra - aNuvrata. 9 ga. tattvArtha sUtra, 7/28 gha ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 105 Ga. puruSArtha siddhaya pAya, 191 ca. zrAvakaprajJapti, 312 cha. yogazAstra, 3/115 ja. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/11 jha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/33 Ta. lATIsaMhitA, 5/57 2. " manaso'napitatvaM manoduSpraNidhAnam " 3. lATIsaMhitA, 5 / 189 1. "krodha-lobhAbhidrohAbhimAneSyadi kAryavyAsaGga jAtasambhramo duSpraNidyate mana iti manoduSpraNidhAnam " - tattvArthabhASyasiddhavRtti, 7/28 sAmAiyassa M - uvAsagadasAo, 1/53 -- cAritrasAra, 246

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zrAvakAcAra 153 rakhanA vAgduSpraNidhAna nAmaka aticAra mAnA hai|' zrAvakajJaptiTIkA meM sAmAyika meM udyata vyakti ko pUrva meM buddhi se vicAra kara nirdoSa bhASaNa na karane ko vacana duSpraNidhAna kahA hai| kAyaduSpraNidhAna-cAritrasAra meM zarIra ke hastapAda Adi aMgoM ko sthira nahIM rakhanA kAyaduSpraNidhAna mAnA hai|3 lATIsaMhitA meM zarIra ko sthira rakhakara hAtha, aMgulI, mAthA, A~kha, bhauMha Adi se izArA karanA kAyaduSpraNidhAna nAmaka aticAra batAyA hai| zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM sAmAyika yogyabhUmi ko A~khoM se na dekhakara, komala vastra se pramArjana nahIM kara usa sthAna kA sevana karatA hai, usake kAyaduSpraNidhAna aticAra hotA hai / 4. sAmAyika-smRtiakaraNatA-sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthazlokavArtika meM sAmAyika ke viSaya meM ekAgratA nahIM rakhanA smRtiakaraNatA nAmaka aticAra batAyA hai| yogazAstrasvopajJaTIkA, zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA Adi meM 'sAmAyika mujhe karanI hai yA nahIM karanI hai athavA sAmAyika maiM kara cukA hai yA nahIM, isa pramAda ke kAraNa sAmAyika meM smRti na rahanA yaha doSa mAnA hai / 5. sAmAyika-anavasthitakaraNa-zrAvakaprajJapti TIkA meM sAmAyika ko karake zIghra vApasa samApta kara denA yA manamAne DhaMga se anAdarapUrvaka sAmAyika karatA hai, use anavasthitakaraNa aticAra mAnA hai|' 1. "varNasaMskAre bhAvArthe cAgamakatvaM cApalAdivAgduHpraNidhAna"-cAritrasAra, 246 2. zrAvakaprajJaptiTokA, 3/4 3. "zarIrAvayavAnAmanibhRtAvasthAnaM kAyaduHpraNidhAnam" -cAritrasAra, 246 4. lATIsaMhitA, 5/191 5. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 315 6. (ka) "anekatAgrayaM smRtyanupatsthAnam'-sarvArthasiddhi, 7/33 (kha) tattvArthazlokavArtika, 7/33 7. (ka) zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 3/6 (kha) yogazAstrasvopajJaTIkA, 3/116 8. "kAUNa takkhaNattiya pArei karei vA jahicchAe aNavaTTiyasAmAiyaM --zrAvakajJapti TIkA

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154 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana cAritrasAra tathA lATIsaMhitA meM isakA nAma anAdara dekara Alasya, moha evaM pramAda se, binA kisI utsAha ke sAmAyika karane ko anavasthitakaraNa aticAra ke rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| ataH sAmAyika vyakti ke samabhAva kI sAdhanA hai, jisameM vyakti ekAnta meM ekAgracitta ho apane Apako AtmA ke samIpa karatA hai / isakA kAla muhUrta bhara kA hotA hai| sAmAyika meM mana, vacana, kAya meM asthiratA utpanna honA, sAmAyika ke samaya kA dhyAna nahIM rahanA tathA sAmAyika ko zIghra pUrI kara lenA doSa mAne gaye haiM, jisase vrata bhaMga hone kI saMbhAvanAeM rahatI haiN| dezAvakAzikavrata yaha vrata dizAparimANavata kA hI sUkSma rUpa hai, dizAparimANavrata meM dasoM dizAoM kI jo maryAdA kI jAtI hai, usI maryAdA meM kucha kAla yA ghaNToM ke lie vizeSa maryAdA nizcita karanA dezAvakAzikavrata kahalAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne dezAvakAzikavata kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| upAsakadazAMgasatra, AvazyakasUtra, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, kAtikeyAnuprekSA, zrAvakaprajJapti, yogazAstra evaM dharmabinduprakaraNa meM dezAvakAzika kA zikSAvratoM meM sthAna diyA hai| tattvArthasatra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, upAsakAdhyayana, amitagatizrAvakAcAra tathA vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM dezAvakAzika ko guNavatoM meM sthAna diyA hai| dezAvakAzikavata ko cAhe guNannata mAne, cAhe zikSAvrata yA cAhe zolavatoM meM sthAna diyA jAya, isake svarUpa ke pratipAdana meM kahIM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM nizcita samaya vizeSa ke lie kSetra kI maryAdA kara usase bAhara kisI prakAra kI sAMsArika pravRtti nahIM karanA dezAvakAzikavrata kahA hai| yaha chaThe vrata kA saMkSepa hai| isameM sAdhanA dina-rAta yA nyUnAdhika samaya ke lie kI jAtI hai|' zrAvakapratikramaNa 1. "desAvagAsiyassa" tti digvatagRhIta dikparimANasyaikadezo dezastasminna vakAzogamanAdiceSTA sthAnaM dezAvakAzastena nivRtaM dezAvakAzika-pUrvagRhItadigavata saMkSeparUpaM sarvavratasaMkSeparUpaM ceti" -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 45

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zrAvakAcAra 155 sUtra meM kahA hai ki dizAparimANavrata kA pratidina saMkoca kiyA jAtA hai aura usa saMkucita sImA ke bAhara ke Azrava sevana kA tyAga evaM somA meM maryAdita vastu se jyAdA vastu kA sevana nahIM karanA, dezAvakAzikavrata mAnA hai|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, upAsakAdhyayana, cAritrasAra, amitagatizrAvakAcAra evaM sAgAradharmAmata Adi meM digbata meM grahaNa kiye gaye vizAla deza ke kAla kI maryAdA se pratidina aNuvratadhArI zrAvakoM dvArA saMkoca karanA dezAvakAzikavrata batAyA hai / 2 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM jo lobha aura kAma ke vikAra ko zamana karane ke lie, pApoM ko choDane ke lie, varSa Adi kA pramANa karake pUrva meM kiye gaye sarvadizAoM ke pramANa ko phira se saMvaraNa karatA hai aura indriyoM ke bhoga-upabhoga kA bhI pratidina saMvaraNa karatA hai, use dezAvakAzikavrata kahA hai| vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM jisa deza meM rahate hue vrata bhaMga kA kAraNa upasthita ho usa deza ke niyama se jo gamananivRtti kI jAtI hai vaha dezAvakAzikavrata kahA jAtA hai| praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM dazoM dizAoM kI maryAdA niyata kara jo buddhimAna usake bAhara nahIM jAte aura bhItara hI rahate haiM, use dezavrata kahA hai|5 lATIsaMhitA meM kisI niyata samaya taka tyAga karane ko dezavrata kahA hai / 1. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra-aNuvrata, 10 2. (ka) "dezAvakAzikaM syAtkAlaparicchedanena dezasya / pratyahamaNuvratAnAM pratisaMhAro vizAlasya / / -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 5/2 (kha) puruSArthasiddhaya pAya, 139 (ga) upAsakAdhyayana, 4/5 (gha) cAritrasAra zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, pRSTha 343 (Ga) amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 78 (ca) sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/5 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 66-67 4. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 215 5. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 18/4 6. lATIsaMhitA, 5/122

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156 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana dezAvakAzikavata ko sImA evaM kAla upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM isakI sImA dina-rAta yA nyUnAdhika samaya ke lie batAI gayI hai|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, praznottarazrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmata evaM lATosaMhitA meM dezAvakAzikavrata meM ghara, mohallA, grAma, kheta, vana, nadI Adi kI maryAdA bhI eka nizcita samaya ke lie karane ko kahA hai| yaha samaya varSa, Rtu, apamAsa, caturmAsa, pakSa aura nakSatra ke rUpa meM ho sakatA hai| aticAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM dezAvakAzikana ta ke pA~ca aticAra batalAye haiM, yathA "tayANaMtaraM ca NaM desAvagAsiyassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyanvA na samAyariyavvA, taMjahA ANavaNappaoge, pesava Nappaoge, saddANuvAe, rUvANuvAe, bahiyApoggalapakkheve" arthAt dezAvakAzikavata ke pAMca aticAra jAnane yogya haiM, AcaraNa karane yogya nahIM haiN| ye pA~ca aticAra haiM-Anayana prayoga, preSya prayoga, zabdAnupAta, rUpAnupAta, bahiHpudgalaprakSepa / ' prAyaH sabhI digambara evaM zvetAmbara Agama tathA paravartI granthoM meM pA~ca aticAroM ko ginAkara yahI nAma diye haiM / tattvArthasUtra, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zrAvakaprajJapti, puruSArtha. siddhayupAya, cAritrasAra, yogazAstra, amitagatizrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta, praznottarazrAvakAcAra evaM lATosaMhitA meM bho Anayana prayoga, preSya prayoga, zabdAnupAta, rUpAnupAta eva pudgalaprakSepa hI nAma diye haiM / 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-AtmArAma, pR0 80 2. (ka) "gRhahArigrAmANAM kSetranadIdAvayojanAnAM ca / dezAvakAzikasya smaranti sImnAM tapovRddhAH // saMvatsaramRturayanaM mAsacaturmAsapakSamRkSaM ca / " -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 5/3-4 (kha) praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 18/5.6 (ga) sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/26 (gha) lATIsaMhitA, 5/122 3. uvAsagadasAo, 1/54

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zrAvakAcAra 157 1. Anayana prayoga-upAsakadazAMgasatraTokA meM maryAdita kSetra ke andara upayoga ke liye maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara ke padArthoM ko maMgAne ko Anayana prayoga kahA hai|' yathA "ihaviziSTAvadhi kebhUdezAbhigraheparataH svayaMgamanAyogAt yadanyaH saccittAdidravyAnayane prayujyatesaMdezakapradAnAdinAtvabhedamAne yamityAnayana prayogaH" zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA evaM praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM bhI yahI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| 2. preSya-prayoga-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM maryAdita kiye huye kSetra se bAhara ke kAryoM kA sampAdana karane ke liye naukara Adi ko bhejane ko preSya-prayoga kahA hai / yathA "balAdiniyojyaH preSyastasyaprayogo yathAbhigRhIta pravIcAradeza vyatikramabhayAt tvayAvasyamevagatvAmabhagavAdyAneyamidaMvA tatra karttaya'mityevaMbhUtaH" zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA evaM praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM maryAdita kSetra ke bAhara kisI naukara Adi ko bhejakara vastu maMgavAne ko preSya prayoga batAyA 3. zabdAnupAta-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM uccAraNa aura zabda ke dvArA niyata sImA ke bAhara kI vastu ma~gAne ko zabdAnupAta kahA hai| yathA"zabdasyA'nupatanamuccAraNaM tAha yena parakIyazravaNavivaramanupatatyasAviti" 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 45 . 2. (ka) zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, pRSTha 191 (kha) praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 18/17 3. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 45 4. (ka) zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 191 / (kha) praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 18/15 5. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 45

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158 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana zrAvaka prajJaptiTIkA evaM praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM maryAdA ke bhItara se anya vyakti ko jo maryAdA se bAhara hai, khAsakara yA zabdoM kA izArA karate haiM, use zabdAnupAta mAnA hai / ' 4. rUpAnupAta-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM niyatakSetra ke bAhara kA kAma karane ke liye dUsare ko hAtha Adi kA izArA kara samajhAnA rUpAnupAta hai| yathA "abhigRhItadezAbahiH prayojana saGgAve zabdamanuccArataevapare. SAMsvasamIpAnayanAthaM svazarIrarUpAnudarzana" zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA aura praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM bAhara ke vyakti ko rUpa dikhAkara kAma lenA, rUpAnupAta mAnA hai|' 5. bahiHpudgala prakSepa-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM kaMkar3a Adi pheMkakara dUsaroM ko prabodhita karane ko pudgalaprakSepa kahA hai| yathA "prayojana saGgAvepareSAMprabodhanAyaleSTAdipudgalaprakSepa" zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA evaM praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM bhI yahI svarUpa isalie kahA jA sakatA hai ki digvrata kA hI sUkSmarUpa dezAvakAzikavata hai, jisase pUrva meM kI gayI maryAdA ko kama kiyA jAtA hai| apane jIvana ko aura adhika saMyamita banAne ke lie isako grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai / maryAdita sImA ke bAhara se vastu maMgAnA, bhijavAnA, zabda karake cetAnA, rUpa dikhAkara apane bhAva prakaTa karanA tathA kaMkar3a Adi pheMkakara kArya kI siddhi karanA isake doSa haiN| 1. (ka) zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 191 (kha) praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 18/16 2. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 45 3. (ka) zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, pRSTha 191 (kha) praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 18/18 4. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 45 5. (ka) zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, pRSTha 191/192 (kha) praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 18/19

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zrAvakAcAra pauSadhopavAsa vrata upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA meM pauSadha kA artha aSTamI Adi parva aura upavAsa kA artha azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima Adi cAra prakAra ke AhAra ke tyAga ko kahakara ina donoM ke sammilita rUpa ko pauSadhopavAsa kahA hai / " isameM upavAsa ke sAtha pApamaya kAryoM kA bhI tyAga kiyA jAtA hai / vaha apane dainika kAryoM ke sthAna nizcita kara letA hai | zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM eka dina rAta ke lie cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga, abrahmacaryaM sevana, maNi, suvarNa, puSpamAlA, sugandhitacUrNa, talavAra, hala, mUsala Adi sAvadyayogoM ke tyAga karane ko pauSadhopavAsa mAnA hai / ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra tyAga ko upavAsa tathA eka bAra bhojana karane ko pauSadhopavAsa kahA hai / isa prakAra ekAzanarUpa pauSadha ke sAtha upavAsa karane ko pauSadhopavAsa kahA hai | kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke anusAra jo parva ke dinoM snAna, vilepana, strI-saMsarga, gaMdha, dhUpa, Adi kA parihAra karatA hai, upavAsa, ekAzana yA vikArarahita nirasa bhojana karatA hai, vaha poSadhopavAsadhArI kahA jAtA hai / puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM sarvasAvadya kAryoM ko chor3akara solaha praharoM ko vyatIta karane evaM usake usa pauSadhopavAsa kAla meM pUrNa ahiMsAvrata kA pAlana karane ko pauSadhopavAsavrata batAyA gayA haiM / 5 upAsakAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki isa dina vizeSa pUjA, kriyA evaM vratoM kA AcaraNa kara dharma-karma ko bar3hAnA cAhie / parva ke dinoM meM rasoM kA tyAga, ekAzana, ekAnta 1. " pauSadhazabdo'STabhyAdi parva surUDhaH tatrapauSadhe upavAsaH poSadhopavAsaH sacAhA - rAdi viSayabhedAccaturvidhaH ititasya " - upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 45 2. zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra - aNuvrata, 11 3. " caturAhAra visarjanamupavAsaH proSadhaH sakRd-bhuktiH / sa proSadhopavAso yadupoSyArambhamAcarati // " 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 57 5. puruSArthaM siddhayupAya, 157 159 - - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 109

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160 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana nivAsa, upavAsa, Adi karanA cAhie / ' cAritrasAra, amitagatizrAvakAcAra aura zrAvakaprajJapti meM upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA kI taraha hI cAroM prakAra ke AhAra-tyAga ko pauSadha kahA hai| yogazAstra meM parva ke dinoM meM upavAsa Adi tapa karanA, pApamaya kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA, brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA, zArIrika zobhA kA tyAga karanA pauSadhopavAsa hai|3 tattvArthabhASya meM parvakAla ko pauSadha kA kAla kahate haiN| AhAra kA parityAga karake dharma sevana ke lie dharmAyatana meM nivAsa karane ko pauSadha aura parvakAla meM jo upavAsa kiyA jAya use pauSadhopavAsa vrata kahA hai| pauSadha kI tithiyA~-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM abhayadevasUri ne dvitIyA, paMcamI, aSTamI, ekAdazI tathA caturdazI ko parvatithiyA~ mAnA hai / / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM aSTamI evaM caturdazI ko parva tithiyAM batAyI haiM / ' kArtikeyAnuprekSA evaM zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM bhI aSTamI evaM caturdazI ko parva tithi kahA hai| yogazAstra aura tattvArthabhASya meM aSTamI caturdazI pUrNimA tathA amAvasyA ko parvatithiyAM svIkAra kI hai| ina tithiyoM ke dinoM meM pauSadhavrata kA pAlana vizeSa rUpa se kiyA jAtA hai| cAra AhAroM kA tyAga-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM azana, pAna, phala-mevA Adi auSadhi, svAdiSTa padArthoM ke tyAga ko AvazyakakaraNIya 1. upAsakAdhyayana, 718/19 2. (ka) cAritrasAra, 247 (kha) amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/12 (ga) zrAvakaprajJapti, 321/22 3. yogazAstra, 3/85 4. "pauSadhopavAsa nAma pauSadhe upavAsaH, pauSadhopavAsaH pauSadhaH parvetyanarthAntaram" .-tatvArthabhASya, 7/16 5. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA--abhayadeva, pRSTha 45 6. "parvaNyaSTamyAM ca jJAtavyaH proSadhopavAsastu --ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 106 7. (ka) kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 57 (kha) zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 321 8. (ka) yogazAstra, 3/85 (kha) tattvArthabhASya, 7/16

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zrAvakAcAra kahA hai|' zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, ratnakaraNDa kazrAvakAcAra, cAritrasAra, zrAvakaprajJapti meM bhI cAroM hI prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karane kA ullekha AyA hai| isa prakAra pauSadhopavAsa vrata meM azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima ina cAroM AhAroM kA, zarIra kI vezabhUSA, snAna Adi kA, maithuna kA tathA anya samasta pApapUrNakAryoM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| aticAra isa zikSA vrata ke bhI pAMca aticAra mAne gaye haiN| upAsakadazAMga sUtra, zrAvakaprajJapti Adi meM binA dekhe yA acchI taraha nahIM dekhe hue zayyA kA upayoga, binA pUMje yA accho taraha paMje binA zayyA kA upayoga, binA dekhe yA acchI taraha dekhe binA zaucAdi sthAnoM kA upayoga, binA pUMje yA acchI taraha se paMje binA zaucAdi sthAnoM kA upayoga tathA vidhipUrvaka pauSadha nahIM karanA aticAroM meM sammilita kiyA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, tattvArthasUtra, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, cAritrasAra, amitagatizrAvakAcAra, yogazAstra tathA sAgAradharmAmRta meM binA dekhe sAmagrI ko lenA, binA dekhezodhe Asana, zayyA vagairaha kA bichAnA, binA dekhe-zodhe mala-mUtrAdi kA 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtra--AtmArAma pR0 82 2. (ka) zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra---aNuvrata, 11 (kha) ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 106 (ga) cAritrasAra, 247 (gha) zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 322 3. ka. "paMca aiyArA jANiyanvA na samAyariyavvA-taMjahA-appaDilehiya duppaDile hiya sijjAsaMthAre, appamajjiyaduppamajjiyasijjAsaMthAre, appaDilehiya duppaDilehiya uccArapAsavaNabhUmI, appamajjiyaduppamajjiya uccArapAsavaNa bhUmI, posahovAsassa samma aNaNupAlaNayA" -uvAsagadasAo, 1/55 kha. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra-aNuvrata, 11 ga. zrAvakaprajJapti, 323

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162 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana utsarga karanA, upavAsa karane meM Adara nahIM karanA aura upavAsa kI kriyAoM ko bhUla jAnA pauSadhavrata ke aticAra mAne haiM / " ina sabhI para dRSTipAta karate hue upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke AdhAra se inake svarUpa ko isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA hai 1. apratilekhita duSpratilekhita zayyAsaMstAra - upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA meM binA dekhe - bhAle yA acchI taraha dekhe binA zayyAdi kA upayoga karanA apratilekhita duSpratilekhita zayyAsaMstAra aticAra kahA hai / yathA - "apratyupekSitojIvarakSArthaM cakSuSAnanirIkSito "cetovRtti tayA'samyaknirIkSitaH zayyAzayanaM tadarthaM saMstAraka" upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA meM zayyA se tAtparya Asana, kambala Adi se hai / sarvArthasiddhi, zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, cAritrasAra, tattvArthavArtika meM binA dekhe, binA zodhe vistara ke bichAne, ghar3I karane Adi ko pahalA aticAra batAyA hai / 2. apramArjita - duSpramArjita zayyAsaMstAra - upAsadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM zayyAdi kA upayoga komala vastra se jhAr3e binA aura vyAkula citta se jhAr3a-poMchakara karane ko aticAra mAnA hai / yathA 1. ka. " grahaNa visargAssstaraNAnyadRSTamRSTAnya nAdarAsmaraNe" kha. tattvArthasUtra, 7/34 ga. puruSArthasiddhaya, pAya, 192 gha. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha), 247 Da. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/12 ca. yogazAstra, 3 / 117 cha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/40-42 2. ka. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 45-46 3. ka. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/34 kha. cAritrasAra, pRSTha 12 ga. zrAvakaprajJa siTIkA, 323 4. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 110 pRSTha 46

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zrAvakAcAra 163 "dupratyupekSitaH zayyAsaMstArakaH etadupabhogasyAticAra hetutvAdayamaticAra" zrAvakajJaptiTIkA meM bhI yahI svarUpa hai| parantu digambara granthoMsarvArthasiddhi, cAritrasAra, tattvArthavArtika meM isa aticAra kA artha binA zodhe aura binA dekhe pUjA ke upakaraNoM jinameM gandha, mAlA, dhUpavastrAdi hai, se grahaNa kiyA hai|' 3. apratilekhita duSpratilekhita uccAraprasravaNabhUmi-upAsakadazAMga sUtraTIkA meM eka samAna binA dekhe aura binA zodhe bhUmi para malamUtrAdi chor3ane ko apratyAvekSitApramANitotsarga kahA hai / yathA "prazravaNaMmUtraM tayonirmitaM bhUmiHsthaMDilaettecatvAro'pi pramAdaya" sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavArtika, cAritrasAra, zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM bhI yahI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|' 4. apramArjita duSpramAjita uccAraprasravaNabhUmi-upAsakadazAMgasUtra TokA aura zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM malamUtrAdi ko, bhUmi ko pUMje binA visarjana karane para, usa sthiti ko apramANita duSpramArjita uccAra prasravaNa bhUmi aticAra kahA hai| 5. pauSadha samyakananupAlana-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM pauSadha meM azana pAna Adi cAroM AhAroM kA tyAga, zarIra-satkAra, vezabhUSAkA tyAga, 1. ka. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/34 kha. tattvArthavArtika, 7/34/3 ___ ga. cAritrasAra, pRSTha 12 2. AsakadazAMgapUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 46 3. ka. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/34 kha. cAritrasAra, 12 ga. zrAvakaprajJapsiTIkA, 323 4. ka. upAsakadazAMgaTIkA meM tIsare va cauthe ko eka sAtha varNita kiyA hai| kha. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 323

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164 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana maithuna, samasta sAvadha vyApAra kA tyAga tathA inakA smaraNa nahIM rakhane kI sthiti ko pauSadha samyakananupAlana aticAra kahA hai|' yathA "kRtapauSadhopavAsasyAsthiracittatayA''hAra zarIra satkArAbrahmavyApArANAmabhilaSaNAdananupAlanA pauSadhasyeti, asyacAticAratva bhAvato viraterbAdhitatvAditi" zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM bhI yahI svarUpa pratipAdita hai|' atithisaMvibhAga vrata atithi kA sAmAnya artha jisake Ane kI koI tithi nahIM ho, dina yA samaya nahIM ho, se kiyA jAtA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM ucita rUpa se muni Adi cAritrasampanna yogyapAtroM ko anna, vastra Adi kA yathAzakti vitaraNa ko atithisaMvibhAga vrata kahA hai| yaha caturtha zikSAvrata hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM bhI kahA hai ki zrAvaka ne apane lie jo AhAra Adi kA nirmANa kiyA hai yA anya sAdhana prApta kiye haiM, unameM se eSaNA samiti se yukta nispaha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko kalpanIya tathA grAhya AhAra Adi dene ke lie vibhAga karanA atithisaMvibhAga vrata hai / yathA "yathAsiddhasya svArthe nivartitasyetyarthaH azanAdi samiti saMgatatvena pazcAtkarmAdidoSa parihAreNa vibhajanaM sAdhave dAvadvAreNa vibhAga karaNe yathA saMvibhAga" zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM nirgrantha sAdhuoM ko acitta doSa rahita azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya AhAra tathA auSadhi kA yoga milane para dAna dene ko atithisaMvibhAga vrata kahA hai|5 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM vaiyyAvRtya 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 46 2. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 324 3. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-munighAsIlAla, pRSTha 261 4. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 46 5. zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra-aNuvrata, 12

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zrAvakAcAra nAma dekara kahA hai ki gRha se rahita apanA dharma pAlana karane ke lie upacAra evaM upakAra kI apekSA se rahita sAdhuoM ko vidhipUrvaka apane vaibhava ke anusAra dAna denA caahie| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM zraddhA aura guNoM se yukta jJAnI puruSa tIna prakAra ke pAtroM ko nau prakAra kI dAna vidhi se saMyukta hokara dAna detA hai vaha caturtha zikSAvratadhArI hotA hai / 2 / puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM dAtA ke guNoM se yukta zrAvaka ko svapara anugraha ke hetu vidhipUrvaka yathAjAtarUpa atithi sAdhu ke lie dravya vizeSa kA saMvibhAga atithisaMvibhAga batAyA gayA hai| zrAvakaprajJapti meM nyAya se upAjita tathA kalpanIya anna Adi ko jo dezakAla, zraddhA, satkAra aura kramase yukta atizaya bhaktike sAtha diyA jAtA hai, use cauthA zikSAvrata kahA hai / 2 upAsakAdhyayana meM ise dAna kahakara gRhasthoM ko vidhi, deza, Agama, pAtra aura kAla ke anusAra dAna denA cAhie, aisA bhI kahA hai| cAritrasAra AdimeM saMyamakI rakSA karate hue jo vihAra karate rahate haiM, aise atithi ke lie AhArAdi kA jo vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai, use atithisaMvibhAgavrata kahA hai| yogazAstra meM atithiyoM ko cAra prakAra ke AhAra bhojana, vastra, makAna denA atithisaMvibhAga batAyA hai| vasUnandizrAvakAcAra tathA sAgAradharmAmRta meM bhI puruSArthasiddhayupAya ke samAna hI isakA svarUpa pratipAdita hai / 5 lATIsaMhitA meM ise dAna kahakara uttama, madhyama, jaghanya pAtroM meM se jo bhI mila jAye, use vidhipUrvaka dAna denA cAhie, jo prAsuka, zuddha evaM vinaya pUrvaka ho / 1. "dAnaM vaiyyAvRtyaM dharmAya tapodhanAya guNa nidhaye / anapekSitopacAropakriyamagRhAya vibhavena // " - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 111 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 59 1. puruSArthasiddhathu pAya, 168 2. zrAvakaprajJapti, 325 3. upAsakAdhyayana, 735 4. yogazAstra, 3/87 5. ka. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 218 ___ kha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/42 6. lATIsaMhitA, 222

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upAsakadazAMge : eka parizIlana dAtA ke sAta guNa - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM zrAvaka ke sAta guNoM saMketa prApta hotA hai jisameM zraddhA, saMtoSa, bhakti, vijJAna, alubdhatA, kSamA evaM satya guNoM kA nAmollekha hai / ' puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM phala kI apekSA na karanA, kSamA dhAraNa karanA, niSkapaTabhAva rakhanA, IrSyA nahIM karanA, viSAda nahIM karanA, pramodabhAva rakhanA, ahaMkAra nahIM karanA, ye saba dAtA ke guNa haiM / upAsakAdhyayana meM ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM satya kI jagaha zakti karake zeSa vahI nAma diye haiM / cAritrasAra, upAsakAdhyayana meM saMtoSakI jagaha jJAna nAma dekara bAkI pUrvokta nAma hI ginAye haiM | vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM bhI upAsakAdhyayana kA hI AdhAra rakhA hai / " sAgAradharmAmRta meM bhakti, zraddhA, satva, tuSTi, jJAna, kSamA, alaulya ye dAtA ke sAta guNa kahe haiM / 166 atithisaMvibhAga ke pA~ca adhikAra - tattvArthasUtra meM dAna-vidhi, dravya, dAtA evaM pAtra kI vizeSatAoM se yukta cAra bheda batAye haiM / " upAsakAdhyayana meM bhI yahI cAra bheda haiM / parantu vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM pAtroM ke bheda, dAtAra, dAna-vidhAna, dAtavya tathA dAna kA phala ye pA~ca adhikAra mAne haiM / ina cAra yA pA~ca bhedoM ke bhI aneka upabheda haiM, jinakA varNana krama se nimna prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai : --- 1. pAtroM ke bheda - jisameM mokSa ke kAraNabhUta samyagdarzanAdi guNoM kA saMyoga ho vaha pAtra kahalAtA hai| isake tIna bheda haiM yathA - avirata 1. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 113 va vivecana 2. puruSArthasiddhaya pAya, 169 3. " zraddhA tuSTibhaktivijJAnamalubdhatA kSamA, zaktiH" 4. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha ), pR0 249 5. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 224 6. sAgAradharmAmRta 5 / 47 7. " vidhidravyadAtRpAtravizeSAttadvizeSaH " 8. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 220 -- upAsakAdhyayana, sUtra, 778 -tattvArthasUtra, 7/39

Page #180
zrAvakAcAra 167 samyagdRSTi, jaghanya zrAvaka, dezaviratamadhyamapAtra evaM sakalaviratauttamapAtra / prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM yahI bheda hai / ' 2. dAtAra - uparyukta dAtA ke guNoM kA jo varNana hai, vahI dAtAra hai / 3. dAtavya - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM AhAra, auSadhi, upakaraNa aura AvAsa ina cAroM ko dAna kahA hai / 2 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM auSadhidAna, bhojanadAna, zAstradAna aura abhayadAna mAnA hai / 2 vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM AhAra, auSadhi, zAstra aura abhaya ye cAra bheda kiye haiM / * 4. vidhi - kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM batAyA hai ki uttama pAtra ko uttama bhakti se dAna denA cAhie | uparyukta jisa navadhA bhakti kA varNana hai, bahI dAna dene kI vidhi nAma se bhI sambodhita kI jAtI hai / 5. phala -- ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM varNita hai ki dAna se pApakarma dUra hote haiM evaM kIrti kI prApti hotI hai / " yogazAstra evaM vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM bhI dAna kA phala uttama kahA gayA hai / atithi saMvibhAga ke cAra prakAra - zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM azana, pAna, khAdya, svAdya, kambala aura caukA paTTA Adi auSadha ko dAna ke prakAra mAne haiM / ' upAsakAdhyayana meM abhayadAna, AhAra 1. ka . puruSArtha siddhayupAya, 171 kha. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 10/3 2. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 117 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 61 4. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 233 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 65 6. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 114-115 7. ka. yogazAstra, 3/86 kha. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 240-242 8. ka. "asaNapANakhAimasAimeNaM, vatthapaDiggaha kaMbala pAyapucchaNeNaM, paDihAriyapIDha phalaga sejjAsaMthAre, osaha bhesajjeNaM // kha. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 117 ga. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 221-223 dha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/44 - zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra -- aNuvrata, 12

Page #181
168 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana dAna, auSadhadAna aura zAstradAna ye cAra bheda mAne haiM / " cAritrasAra meM bhikSA, upakaraNa auSadhi tathA pratizraya ke bheda se cAra prakAra batAye haiM / 2 atithi ko bhakti - digambara granthoM meM varNita navadhA bhakti kA bhI sammizraNa isa vrata meM mAnA hai / ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM navadhA bhakti kA ullekha prApta hotA hai parantu upAsakAdhyayana meM isake nau prakAra batAte hue kahA hai ki atithi ko dekhate hI uThakara svAgata yogya zabda bolanA, U~ce Asana para baiThAnA, caraNoM ko dhokara pUjA karanA, praNAma karanA, phira mana, vacana, kAya, anna aura jala zuddha haiM, aisA kahanA, ise navadhA bhakti mAnA hai / vasunandizrAvakAcAra aura sAgAradharmAmRta Adi meM bhI isI navadhA bhakti kA vidhAna hai / aticAra - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra, Avazyaka sUtra, tattvArthasUtra, zrAvakaprajJapti, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, cAritrasAra, yogazAstra, sAgAradharmAmRta tathA lATI saMhitA meM atithisaMvibhAga ke sacitta nikSepaNa, sacittapidhAna, kAlAtikrama, paravyapadeza evaM matsaritA ye pA~ca aticAra mAne haiM / 1. upAsakAdhyayana, 739 2. " sa caturvidhaH bhikSopakaraNoSadhapratizraya bhedAt " 3. upAsakAdhyayana, 777 4. ka. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 225 kha. sAgAradharmAmRta 5/45 5. ka. " ahAsaMvibhAgassa samaNovAsaeNaM paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA taMjA - sacittaNikkhevaNayA, sacittapehaNayA, kAlAivakame, paravavaese, maccha- uvAsagadasAo, 1/56 riyA" kha Avazyaka sUtra - bArahavAM aNuvrata ga. tattvArthasUtra, 7/36 gha. zrAvakaprajJapti, 327 - cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha) pR0 249 Ga. puruSArtha siddhayupAya, 194 ca. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha ) pRSTha, 324 cha. yogazAstra, 3 / 118 ja. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/54 jha. lATIsaMhitA, 5/61

Page #182
zrAvakAcAra ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM harita se DhakI vastu denA, harita para rakhI vastu denA, anAdarapUrvaka AhAra denA, dAnavidhi bhUla jAnA, anya dAtA se matsara bhAva rakhanA ye pA~ca aticAra batAye haiN|' amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM upAsakadazAMga meM varNita paravyapadeza kI jagaha dUsaroM se dAna dilAnA varNita kiyA hai| aticAra ke ina pAMcoM svarUpoM ko isa prakAra vivecita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. sacittanikSepaNa-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM dAna na dene kI buddhi se acitta vastuoM ko sacitta nIhi Adi meM milA denA sacittanikSepaNa kahA hai / yathA "sacittaNikkhevaNetyAdisaccitteSu vrIhyAdiSu nikSepaNamannAdera dAnabuddhayAmAtRsthAnataH" cAritrasAra, sarvArthasiddhi va lATIsaMhitA meM dene yogya AhAra ko sacitta kamala Adi para rakhanA sacittanikSepaNa kahA hai / 2. sacittapidhAna-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM pUrvokta bhAvanA se sacitta vastu ko acitta se evaM acitta vastu ko sacitta se Dhaka denA sacittapidhAna mAnA hai| yathA "sacittanikSepaNamevaM sacittanephalAdinAsthaganam sacittapidhAnaM" cAritrasAra, zrAvakaprajJaptiTokA aura lATosaMhitA meM AhAra ko sacitta patrAdi se DhakanA sacittapidhAna kahA hai| 1. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 121 2. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 234 3. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 47 4. ka. "sacitte padmamapadAmau nikSepaH sacittanikSepaH"-sarvArthasiddhi, 7/36 kha. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha) pR0 249 ga. lATI saMhitA, 5/226 5. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pR0 47 6. ka. "sacittenAvaraNaM sacittapidhAnam"-cAritrasAra, pR0 14 kha. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 327 ga. lATIsaMhitA, 5/227

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170 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana, 3. kAlAtikama-upAsakradazAMgasUtraTokA meM sAdhuoM ke bhojana lene ke samaya ko TAla denA arthAt bhojana samaya ko TAlakara bhikSA dene ko taiyAra honA kAlAtikama kahA hai / ' yathA "kAlAtikramaH kAlasyasAdhubhojanakAlasyAtikrama ullaMghanaM kAlAtikramaH". cAritrasAra, sarvArthasiddhi, zrAvakaprajJaptiTokA tathA lATIsaMhitA meM AhAra dene ke samaya ullaGgana kara Age yA pIche AhAra de to ise kAlAtikrama batAyA hai| 4. paravyapadeza-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM na dene kI niyati se apanI vastu parAI batAnA paravyapadeza mAnA gayA hai / yathA "paravyapadezaH parakIyametattenasAdhubhyonadIyate iti sAdhu samakSa" sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthabhASya, cAritrasAra tathA zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM anya dAtA kI vastu batAkara dAna dene ko paravyapadeza kahA hai| 5. matsaritA-upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM IrSyAvaza AhAra Adi denA yathA-'amuka ne amuka dAna diyA hai, maiM isase kama nahIM hU~ isa bhAvanA se dAna denA yA krodhapUrvaka bhikSA dene ko bhI mAtsarya kahA hai| yathA 1. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 47 2. ka. "aNagArANAmayogye kAle bhojanaM kAlAtikrama iti"-cAritrasAra, pR. 14 kha. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/36 ga. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 327 gha. lATIsaMhitA, 5/230 3. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pR0 47 4. ka. "anyadAtRdeyArpaNaM paravyapadezaH"-sarvArthasiddhi kha. tattvArthabhASya, 7/36 ga. cAritrasAra, pR0 14 gha. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 327 5. upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA, -abhayadeva, pR0 48

Page #184
zrAvakAcAra 171 "matsyaritAya pareNedaM dattaM kimahaMtasmAdapikRpaNahInovA'to'hamapidadAmItyeva rUpodAnaprarvatakavikalpo" zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA meM bhI yahI svarUpa hai|' cAritrasAra meM AhAra dete hue bhI Adara ke binA denA mAtsarya kahA hai / 2 lATI. saMhitA meM AhAra dene para yaha garva kare ki nirdoSa AhAra sirpha maiMne hI diyA hai to yaha mAtsarya kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra atithi kA artha jisake Ane kI koI tithi niyata nahIM ho, se kiyA gayA hai| zrAvaka ke lie aise vyaktiyoM meM svadharmI tathA sAdha. sAdhvIjana haiM, unheM apane banAe hue AhAra, vastra Adi meM se kucha aMzadAna karane ko atithisaMvibhAgavata mAnA hai| acitta ko sacitta kahanA, sacitta ko acitta para rakhanA, dAna dene ke samaya ko TAla denA, IrSyAbhAva se dAna denA yA dAna nahIM dene ke uddezya se apanI vastu, dUsaroM kI kahanA atithi saMvibhAgavata ke bAdhaka tattva kahe gaye haiN| inakA parihAra kara isa vrata kA pAlana karanA caahiye| sallekhanA --- jaba vyakti zArIrika rUpa se atyanta durbala ho jAya, dhArmika anuSThAnoM ko karane meM asamarthatA anubhava kare taba vyakti ko zAnta cittase zarIra ko poSaNa karane kI kriyAe chor3a denI caahie| upAsakadazAMga Adi aneka granthoM meM ise svatantrarUpa se varNita kiyA hai, parantu kucha AcAryoM ne ise zikSAvrata meM bhI sthAna diyA hai / AcArya kundakunda evaM vasunandizrAvakAcAra ne ise zikSAvata mAnA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM "apacchimamAraNaM tiyasalehaNAjhUsaNArAhaNAe" kahakara isakA artha maraNa takake lie kI gaI pratijJA aura jisake pIche koI karttavya zeSa nahIM hai, kiyA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM sallekhanA kA artha zarIra evaM kaSAyoM ko kRza karanA batAyA hai, joSaNA kA artha prIti yA sevana karanA tathA ArAdhanA kA artha 1. zrAvakaprajJaptiTIkA, 327 2. cAritrasAra, pR0 14 3. lATIsaMhitA, 5/229 4. uvAsagadasAo, 1/57

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172 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana jIvana meM utAranA kiyA hai / " tattvArthasUtra meM maraNakAla ke upasthita hone para prItipUrvaka niyama ko sallekhanA mAnA hai / 2 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM niSpratikAra upasarga, durbhikSa, bur3hApA evaM roga ke upasthita hone para dharma kI rakSA ke lie zarIrakA parityAga karaneko sallekhanA batAyA hai / zrAvakaprajJapti meM rAga-dveSa se vinirmukta arahanta bhagavAn dvArA batalAyI gaI jisa antima maraNAvasthA kA varNana hai vaha sallekhanA kahalAtI hai, kahA hai | amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM apane durnivAra ati bhayaMkara maraNa kA Agamana jAnakara tattvajJAnI dhora-vIra zrAvaka apane bAndhavoM se pUchakara sallekhanA kare, kahA hai / vasunandizrAvakAcAra ne ise cauthA zikSAvrata mAnA hai | yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki vastra mAtra parigraha ko rakhakara kahA avaziSTa samasta parigraha ko chor3akara pAna ke sivAya tIna prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karanA sallekhanA hai / " sAgAradharmAmRta meM mokSAbhilASI Ayu ke samApta hone para samAdhi ke yogya sthAna Adi hetu daur3a-dhUpa kie binA bhattapratyAkhyAna samAdhi ko dhAraNa karane ko sallekhanA batAyA hai| 7 aticAra saMllekhanA ke bhI pA~ca aticAra kahe haiM / upAsakadazAMgasUtra, zrAvakaprajJapti evaM yogazAstra meM ihalokAzaMsAprayoga, paralokAzaMsAprayoga, jIvitA 1. " apacchimetyAdi pazcimavApazcimA maraNaM- prANatyAgalakSaNaM tadevAntomaraNAntaH tavA mAraNAntikI, saMlikhyate, kRzIkriyate zarIrakaSAyAdyanayeti saMlekhaNA tapovizeSalakSaNA tataH padatrayasya karmadhArayaH tasyAH joSaNAsevanA tasyA ArAdhanAakhaNDakAlakaraNamityarthaH, apacchimamAraNAntikasaMlekhanA joSaNA ArAdhanAtasyAH" - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pR0 50-51 ' mAraNAntikIM sallekhanAM joSitA " - tattvArtha sUtra, 7/22 2. 3. " upasarge durbhikSe jarasi rujAyAM ca niSpratIkAre dharmAyatanuvimocanamAhuH sallekhanAmAryAH" 4. zrAvakaprajJapti, 378 5. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6 / 98 6. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 271-272 7. sAgAradharmAmRta, 8/11 - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 122.

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173 zaMsAprayoga, maraNAzaMsAprayoga, kAmabhogAzaMsAprayoga ye aticAra ke pAMca bheda batAye haiM / ' ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM jIne kI AkAMkSA, marane kI AkAMkSA, pariSaha se DaranA, mitroM kA smaraNa aura nidAna pA~ca aticAra varNita haiM / 2 puruSArthasiddhayupAya, upAsakAdhyayana tathA amitagatizrAvakA - cAra meM jIne kI AkAMkSA, marane kI AkAMkSA, mitroM kA smaraNa, pUrvaMbhogoM kA smaraNa evaM nidAna ye pA~ca aticAra ullekhita haiM / " zrAvakAcAra isa prakAra guNavrata aura zikSAvrata jinheM zIlavrata bhI kahA jAtA hai, ke vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki yadi zrAvaka tadanurUpa AcaraNa kare to usako AtmavikAsa kI carama avasthA prApta ho sakatI hai / isI sthiti ko prApta karane ke lie gyAraha pratimAeM SaTkarma, SaDAvats Adi bhI apanA viziSTa yogadAna pradAna karate haiM / ye zrAvaka ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke antima caraNa mAne gaye haiM / pratimAoM kI paramparA mAnava hamezA vikAsa kI ora agrasara hone ke lie utsuka rahatA hai cAhe vaha bhautikavAda kA kSetra ho cAhe AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA / gRhastha apane Atmika vikAsa ke lie sarvaprathama aNuvratoM ko tatpazcAt guNavratoM va zikSAvratoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| isake bAda vaha apane jIvana ko aura adhika unnata aura pavitra banAne ke lie evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM Age bar3hane ke lie gyAraha pratimAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / apane dainika jIvana meM bhI santoSa aura ImAnadArI ko kAryarUpa meM pariNata karane ke lie vaha 1. ka. "paMca aiyArA jANiyavvA na samAyariyavvA taMjahA ihalogAsaMsappaoge, para logAsaMsappaoge, jIviyAsaMsappaoge, maraNAsaMsappaoge, kAmabhogAsaMsappaoge" - uvAsa gadasAo, 1/57 kha. zrAvakaprajJapti, 385 ga. yogazAstra, 3/151 2. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 122 3. ka . puruSArthaM siddhaya pAya, 176 kha. upAsakAdhyayana, 871 ga. amigatizrAvakAcAra, 6/18

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174 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana SaTkarmoM ko bhI apanAtA hai / apanI bhUloM ke nirAkaraNa evaM saMzodhanArthaM pratidina SaTkarma aura SaDAvazyaka rUpa kriyAoM ko bhI karatA hai, jisase * vaha AtmavikAsa kI antima sIr3hI taka pahu~catA hai / aisI gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai : * gyAraha pratimAe~ .3 sAmAnyataH pratimA kA arthaM pratijJA vizeSa hotA hai / " isako grahaNa karane se zrAvaka bhI zramaNatulyavratoM kA pAlaka ho jAtA hai, jyoM-jyoM vaha isa zreNI meM Age bar3hatA hai usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai / jaina Agama sAhitya - samavAyAMgasUtra, dazAzrutaskandha va digambara grantha kaSAyapAhuDa kI jayadhavalATIkA meM bhI gyAraha pratimAoM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha-sAtha vistAra se unake svarUpa para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isI taraha zrAvakAcAra ke pratinidhi grantha upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM eka se gyAraha taka pratimAoM ko grahaNa karane kA saMketa haiM / " kintu ina pratimAoM kI zeSapUrti upAsakadazAMga sUtra ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne pratyeka pratimA kA svarUpa varNita kara kI hai / digambara paramparA meM AcArya kundakunda ne gyAraha pratimAoM ko eka gAthA meM prastuta kiyA hai / 7 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM zrAvaka ke gyAraha pada kahakara pratyeka kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai / " svAmIkArtikeya ne 1. pratimA pratipattiH pratijJetiyAvat" -- sthAnAMgasUtravRtti, patra 61 2. samavAyAMgasUtra, 11/5 3. dazAzrutaskandha - muni kanhaiyAlAla, sUtra 17 se 27 4. kaSAyapAhuDa -- jayadhavalA, 9 / 130 "Anande, samaNovAsae uvAsa~ga paDimAo uvasaMpajjittANaM viharai" - uvAsa gadasAo, 1/67 6. upAsakadazAMga sUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pR0 65 /68 7. " daMsaNa vaya sAmAiya posaha sacitta rAyabhatte ya / bhAraMbha pariggaha aNumaNa uddiTTha desavirado ya" / / 5. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 1/137 se 147 -- cAritrapAhuDa, 22

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zrAvakAcAra 175 kAnikeyAnuprekSA meM zrAvakadharma ke bAraha bheda kiye haiN|' yathA (1) samyakdarzana (2) dArzanikazrAvaka (3) pratikazrAvaka (4) sAmAyikavatI (5) pauSadhavatI (6) sacittatyAga (7) rAtribhojana tyAga (8) brahmacaryavatI (9) ArambhatyAga (10) parigrahatyAga (11) anumatityAga (12) uddiSTatyAga upAsakAdhyayana meM kevala do zlokoM meM gyAraha pratimAoM ko ginA diyA hai| jahA~ sacitta tyAgako pAMcavI evaM ArambhatyAgako AThavI pratimA mAnA hai, use somadeva ne krama badalakara ArambhatyAga ko pAMcavI tathA sacittatyAga ko AThavIM pratimA kara diyA hai| isake atirikta amitagatizrAvakAcAra, vasunandizrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta' meM bhI gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| inake sAthasAtha praznottarazrAvakAcAra, dharmopadezapIyUSazrAvakAcAra tathA lATIsaMhitA meM bhI isakA vivecana prApta hotA hai| ___upAsakadazAMgasUtra, tattvArthasUtra aura usake TIkAkAra pUjyapAda ne pratimAoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM bhI gyAraha pratimAoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| isake sAtha-sAtha AcArya raviSeNa ne padma 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 24,27 se 29,70 se 90 2. upAsakAdhyayana, 821 se 822 3. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/67 se 78 4. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 205 se 213 5. sAgAradharmAmRta, 3/7 se 7/37

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176 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana caritra meM, jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM, devasena ne bhAvasaMgraha meM bhI gyAraha pratimAoM kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM jahA~ pratimAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, unake nAma va krama meM kucha antara prApta hotA hai| zvetAmbara prAcIna sAhitya meM (1). darzana (2) vrata (3) sAmAyika (4) pauSadha (5) niyama (6) brahmacarya (7) sacittatyAga (8) AraMbhatyAga (9)preSyaparityAga (10) uddiSTabhattatyAga aura (11) zramaNabhUta nAmoM kA ullekha milatA digambara paramparA meM ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM pratimAoM ke nAma aura krama isa prakAra haiM : (1) darzana (2) vrata (3) sAmAyika (4) pauSadha (5) sacittatyAga (6) rAtribhuktivirati (7) brahmacarya (8) AraMbhaparityAga (9) parigrahatyAga (10) anumatityAga (11) uddiSTatyAga / ___uparyukta zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM varNita nAmoM aura kramoM meM antara hone para bhI inake svarUpa meM vizeSa matabheda dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai kyoMki digambara sAhitya meM jise anumatityAga pratimA kahA hai zvetAmbara sAhitya meM usako uddiSTa tyAga meM hI samAveza kara liyA hai evaM zvetAmbara sAhitya meM jo zramaNabhUtapratimA hai, use digambara sAhitya meM uddiSTatyAga nAma diyA hai| inameM zrAvaka kA AcAra kramazaH zramaNa ke sadRza ho jAtA hai| pratyeka pratimA kA sahI svarUpa isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai| 1. darzana pratimA darzana kA sAmAnya artha dRSTi hai, arthAt vyakti meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke liye samyakdRSTi kA honA Avazyaka hai| samyakdRSTi se tAtparya suguru, 1. "ekkArasa uvAsagapaDimAo paNNattAo--taMjahA-daMsaNasAvae kayanvayakamme, sAmAiyakaDe, posahovavAsanirae, diyA baMbhayArI ratiparimANakaDe, disA vi rAo vi baMbhayAro, asiNAI, viyaDa bhojI molikaDe, sacittapariNAe, AraMbhapariNAe, pesapariNAe, uddiTTha bhattapariNAe, samaNabhUe" --samavAyAMgasUtra--munimadhukara 11/71

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177 sudeva aura sudharma ke prati dRr3ha niSThA se haiM / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM AnandazrAvaka ne prathama upAsakapratimA ko yathAsUtra, yathAkalpa, yathAmArga evaM yathAtathya zarIra ke dvArA svIkAra kiyA, pAlana kiyA, zodhana kiyA va ArAdhana kiyA / " yathA zrAvakAcAra "paDhamaM uvAsagapaDimaM ahAsuttaM ahAkappaM ahAmaggaM, ahAtaccaM sammaM kAraNaM phAsei pAlei sohei tIrei kiTTei ArAhei " upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA meM cAritra Adi zeSaguNa nahIM hone para bhI samyakdarzana kA zaMkA, kAMkSA Adi pAMca doSoM se rahita hokara samyak rUpa se pAlana karanA darzana pratimA kahA hai / dazAzrutaskandha meM darzana pratimA kA svarUpa isa prakAra kahA hai- "kriyAvAdI manuSya sarvadharmarucivAlA hotA hai, parantu zIlavrata va guNavratoM ko samyak rUpa se dhAraNa nahIM karatA hai / " 3 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM aticAra rahita zuddhasamyak darzana se yukta, saMsAra, zarIra aura indriyoM ke bhogoM se rahita, paMcaparameSThI kI zaraNa ko prApta, tAttvika sanmArga ko grahaNa karane vAle ko dArzanika zrAvaka kahA haiM / kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM ise dUsarA sthAna dekara kahA hai ki jo aneka trasa jIvoM se bhare hue mAMsa-madya kA sevana nahIM karatA hai, vaha dArzanika zrAvaka hai / " upAsakAdhyayana meM samyakdarzana 1. uvAsagadasAo, 1/67 2. " saGkAdi salla virahiya sammagdaMsaNajuo u jo jantU saguNa vippakko esA khalu hoi paDhamA u" pRSTha 65 3. " savvadhamma - ruIyAvi bhavati / tassaNaM bahuI sIlavaya - guNavaya- veramaNa-paccakkhANapoSahovavAsAiM no sammaM paTTavittAI bhavaMti " --AcAradasA- - munikanhaiyAlAla, 6/17 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 27 12 upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, 4. " samyagdarzanazuddhaH saMsArazarIrabhoga nirviNNaH paJcagurucaraNazaraNo, darzanikastattvapathagRhAH - ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 7/2

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178 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana ke sAtha ATha mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karane ko darzana pratimA batAyA hai|' amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM pavitra aura nirmala dRSTi ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa karanA darzana pratimA kahA hai| vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM pA~ca udumbaroM sahita sAta kuvyasanoM ke tyAgI ko dArzanika zrAvaka mAnA haiM / sAgAradharmAmRta, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM pratipAdita dArzanika zrAvaka ke svarUpa ko hI darzana pratimA batAyA hai|4 praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM AThamalaguNa tathA sAta vyasanoM ke tyAgI ko dArzanika zrAvaka kahA hai / isa prakAra isa pratimA meM vyakti Agama vacanoM para dRr3ha zraddhA rakhatA hai| suguru, sudeva aura sudharma kA paripAlana karatA hai| samyakadarzana ko zaMkA. kAMkSA, vitikicchA, parapASaMDaprazaMsA, parasampradAyastuti ina aticAroM se rahita hokara dhAraNa karatA hai, pA~ca udumbara phaloM kA evaM sAta kuvyasanoM kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha sahI rUpa meM samyakadarzana se yukta dArzanika zrAvaka hai| 2. vrata pratimA jaba vyakti kI dRSTi samyak yA zuddha ho jAtI hai, usa samama taka vaha aNuvratoM, guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA aticAra rahita evaM nirdoSa pAlana karatA hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM pahalI pratimA ke yathAvat grahaNa ke bAda dUsarI se gyArahavIM pratimA ke grahaNa kA ullekha hai / ' yathA "ANaMde samaNovAsae doccaM uvAsaga-paDimaM, evaM taccaM, cautthaM paMcama, chaTuM, sattamaM, aTThamaM, navamaM, dasamaM, ekkArasamaM jAva ArAhe" upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM vrata pratimA meM darzanapratimA se yukta aNu 1. upAsakAdhyayana, 821 2. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/67 3. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, 205 4. sAgAradharmAmRta, 12/4 5. ka. praznotarazrAvakAcAra, 12/4 kha. lATIsaMhitA, 1/6 6. uvAsagadasAo, 1/68

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zrAvakAcAra 179 vratoM kA niraticAra pAlana, anukampAguNa se yukta honA kahA hai|' dazAzrutaskandha meM zIlavrata, guNavata, prANAtipAtaviramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura pauSadha kA samyakparipAlana vrata pratimA hai| isameM sAmAyika aura dezAvakAzika kA samyak pratipAlaka nahIM hotA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM mAyA, mithyAtva aura nidAna ina zalyoM se rahita pAMca aNuvratoM evaM sAtoM zIloM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA vratI zrAvaka kahA gayA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, upAsakAdhyayana, cAritrasAra, amitagatizrAvakAcAra, vasunandizrAvakAcAra aura lATIsaMhitA meM bhI bArahavratoM ko aticAra rahita paripAlana karane ko vrata pratimA mAnA hai|4 sAgAradharmAmRta ke anusAra paripUrNasamyakatva aura mUlaguNa kA dhAraka, zalyarahita, iSTa-aniSTa padArthoM kI icchA se rahita, niraticAra uttaraguNa ko dhAraNa karane vAlA vratika hotA hai| isa prakAra jaba vyakti vizuddha dRSTi se yukta hotA hai, taba vaha cAritra ke vikAsa meM bhI Age bar3hane kI AkAMkSA karane lagatA haiM aura isI meM vaha apanI zakti-anusAra pAMca aNuvratoM, tIna guNavatoM, sAmAyika evaM pauSadha ko chor3akara zeSa zikSAvratoM kA aticAra-rahita pAlana karatA hai| 1. "daMsaNapaDimA jutto pAlento'Nuvvae niraiyAre / aNukampAiguNa juo jovo iha hoi vayapaDimA // -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 65 2. "tassa NaM bahuI sIlavaya-guNavaya-veramaNa-paccakkhANa-posahovavAsAiM samma paTTavittAI bhavaMti / se NaM sAmAiyaM desAvagAsiyaM no samma aNupAlittA bhavaI" -dazAzrutaskandha, 6/18 3. "niratikramaNamaNuvratapaJcakamapi zIlasaptakaM cApi / dhArayate niHzalyo yo'sau vatinAM mato vatikaH // ___-ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 7/3 4. ka. kArtikeyAnuprekSA,29 kha. upAsakAdhyayana, 821 ga. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha) pRSTha 238 / gha. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/68 Ga. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, 207 ca. lATIsaMhitA, 7/245 5. sAgAradharmAmRta, 4/1

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana sAmAyika evaM pauSadha to Arambhika vikAsa ke vidheyaka rUpa haiM isalie inakA abhyAsa vaha alaga pratimA ke rUpa meM karatA hai / 180 3. sAmAyika pratimA sAmAyika kA artha samabhAva kI prApti hai| isameM samatva kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM samyagdarzana aura aNuvratoM ko svIkAra karane ke pazcAt pratidina tIna bAra sAmAyika karane kI sthiti ko sAmAyika pratimA kahA hai| isakA samaya tIna mAsa kA batAyA hai / " dazAzrutaskandha meM pUrvokta donoM pratimAoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAyika evaM dezAvakAzika zikSAvrata kA bhI samyak paripAlana hotA hai parantu aSTamI, caturdazI, amAvasyA, pUrNamAsI ko paripUrNa poSadhopavAsa kA samyak - paripAlana nahIM karatA, use sAmAyika pratimAdhArI kahA hai / ratnakarause zrAvakAcAra meM cAra bAra tona-tIna Avarta aura cAra bAra namaskAra karane vAlA yathAjAtarUpa se avasthita UrdhvaM kAyotsarga evaM padmAsana kA dhAraka, mana, vacana, kAya kI zuddhi se yukta, tInoM samaya sAmAyika karane vAle ko sAmAyika pratimAdhArI kahA hai / kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM jo bAraha Avarta sahita cAra praNAma aura do namaskAroM ko karatA huA kAyotsarga meM apane karmoM ke vipAka kA cintana karatA hai, vaha sAmAyika pratimAdhArI hai / upAsakAdhyayana meM niyama se tInoM sandhyAoM ko vidhipUrvaka sAmAyika karanA, sAmAyika pratimA mAnA gayA hai / " cAritrasAra meM ratnakara1. " varadaMsaNavayajutto sAmAiyaM kuNai jo u tisaMjJAsu ukkoNa timAsaM esA sAmAiyappaDimA " - upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 65-66 2. " se NaM sAmAiyaM desAvagAsiyaM sammaM aNupAlittA bhavai / udisi ami uddiTTha- puNNamAsiNIsu paDipuNNaM posahovavAsaM no samma pattA bhavai | "caturAvarttatritayazcatuHpraNAmaH sthito yathAjAta / sAmAyika dviniSadyastri yogazuddhastri sandhyama bhivandI " || 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 70-71 5. upAsakAdhyayana, 821 - dazAzrutaskandha, 6/19 -- ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 7/4

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zrAvakAcAra 181 NDakazrAvakAcAra kI taraha ho pratimA kA svarUpa batAyA hai / ' amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM jo AtaM va raudradhyAna se rahita hai, samasta kaSAyadoSoM se mukta hai tathA jo trikAla sAmAyika karatA hai, sAmAyika meM sthita kahA gayA hai| vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM snAnAdi se zuddha hokara caityAlaya yA pratimA sammukha yA pavitra sthAna meM pUrva yA uttaramukha hokara jinavANI, jinabimba, jina dharma va paMca-parameSThIko jo trikAla vandanA karatA hai, sAmAyika pratimAdhArI kahA hai / sAgAradharmAmRta meM upAsakadazAMgaTokA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| lATIsaMhitA meM pahalI tathA dUsarI pratimA ke sAtha sAmAyika nAmaka vrata acchI taraha pAlana karanA sAmAyika pratimA kahA hai| isa prakAra sAmAyika pratimA vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA sakArAtmaka (vidheyaka) rUpa hai| isake satata prayAsa se abhyAsita hokara vyakti Atmonnati ke patha para agrasara hotA hai| isameM vyakti samyakatva tathA vratoM kA paripAlana karate hue apanI dainika kriyAoM meM kucha AdhyAtmika cintana ke lie samaya detA hai, yaha samaya hI sAmAyika kahI jA sakatI hai / 4. poSadha pratimA pratyeka mAha yA pakSa meM gRhastha kucha dina aise rakhatA hai jinameM vaha sAMsArika jhaMjhaToM se mukta ho, AdhyAtmikatA kI ora ho lagA rahatA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM kahA hai ki pUrvokta pratimAoM ke sAtha jo aSTamo, caturdazI Adi parvatithiyoM para pratipUrNa poSadhavrata kI ArAdhanA karatA hai vaha pauSadhapratimAdhArI hai, jisakA samaya cAra mAsa hai / ' dazAzrutaskandha meM uparokta tInoM pratimAoM ke pAlana ke sAtha caturdazI, aSTamo, pUrNamAsI evaM 1. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha), pRSTha 255 2. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/69 3. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 274-275 4. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/1 5. lATIsaMhitA, 6/3 6. "pugvodiyapaDimA juo pAlai jo posahaM tu sampuNNaM / aTThami cauddasAisu cauro mAse cautthI sA / --upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 66

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182 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana amAvasyA ke dina paripUrNa poSadha vrata kA pAlana karatA hai, kintu eka rAtri ko upAsakapratimA kA pAlana nahIM karatA hai vaha pauSadha pratimAdhArI hotA hai|' ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, cAritrasAra evaM amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM pratyeka mAsa ke cAroM hI parvadinoM meM apanI zakti ke anusAra pauSadha ko niyamapUrvaka karanA pauSadha pratimA kahA hai / 2 kArtikeyAnaprekSA aura vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki saptamI evaM trayodazI ke dina aparAhna ke samaya jinamaMdira meM jAkara cAroM AhAroM kA tyAga kara, upavAsa karanA tathA sarvavyApAroM ko chor3akara rAtri vyatIta karanA sabere vApasa saba kriyAoM ko karake vaha dina zAstrAbhyAsa meM vyatIta kare / pUnaH dharmadhyAna meM rAta bitAkara uSAkAla meM sAmAyika-vandanA Adi karake yathAvasara tonoM pAtroM ko bhojana karAkara pIche svayaM bhojana karane vAle ke pauSadha pratimA hoto hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM zrAvaka ko pUrva tIna pratimAoM meM paripakvatA ke sAtha jaba taka pauSadhopavAsa vrata rahatA hai taba taka sAmyabhAva se cyuta nahIM hone kA sAmAyika pratimAdhArI kahA hai| lATosaMhitA meM pauSadhopavAsa kA aticAra rahita pAlana pauSadha pratimA kahA hai| isa prakAra gRhastha apane ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM agrasara karane ke lie pratyeka aSTamI, caturdazI, pUrNamAsI va amAvasyA ke dina upavAsa karatA hai evaM sandhyA ko pauSadha grahaNa karatA hai| usa dina vaha sAMsArika 1. "se NaM cauddasaTThamuddiTTha puNNamAsiNIsu paDipuNNaM posahaM samma aNupAlitA bhavai se NaM egarAiyaM uvAsaga paDimaM no sammaM aNupAlittA bhavaI" dazAzrutaskandha, 6/20 2. ka. parvadineSu catuSvapi mAse-mAse svazaktimaniguhya / / proSadha niyamavidhAyI praNadhiparaH proSadhAnazanaH / / -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 140 kha. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha), pRSTha 255 ga. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/70 3. ka. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 72-75 kha. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 281-289 4. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/4 5. lATIsaMhitA, 6/11-12

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zrAvakAcAra 183 kAryoM se mukta hokara zAstra vAcana, paThana tathA manana kA hI kArya karatA hai / yaha kArya ekAnta sthAna, sthAnaka, caityAlaya yA jinamaMdira meM kiyA jAtA hai / 5. kAyotsargapratimA kAyotsarga kA artha zarIra kA utsarga karane se hai, arthAt alpakAla ke lie kAya kA moha chor3akara dharma dhyAna meM apaneApa ko lagAnA kAyotsarga hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM samyakatva, aNuvratoM aura guNavratoM kA dhAraka aSTamI tathA caturdazI ke dina rAtabhara kAyotsarga karatA hai, rAtribhojana kA tyAga karatA hai, dina meM brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai, sAMsArika pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karatA hai, isI ko kAyotsarga pratimA kahA hai / " dazAzrutaskandha meM uparyukta cAroM pratimAoM ke sAtha isa pratimA meM pratimAdhArI snAna nahIM karatA, rAtribhojana nahIM karatA, dhotI ke lAMga nahIM lagAtA, dina meM brahmacarya aura rAtri meM maithuna - sevana kA parimANa karatA hai, evaM ise eka dina se pA~ca mAsa taka pAlana karatA hai, use kAyotsarga pratimAdhArI kahA hai | digambara paramparA meM rAtribhuktityAga yA divA maithunatyAga ko svatantra pratimA ginA hai, parantu zvetAmbara sAhitya meM ise kAyotsargaM yA niyama pratimA meM samAviSTa kara liyA hai / ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra evaM kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM anna, pAna, khAdya, lehya ina cAroM hI prakAra ke AhAra ko nahIM khAtA hai, vaha rAtribhojanatyAga pratimAdhArI hotA hai, isa prakAra kahA hai / upAsakAdhyayana aura cAritrasAra meM dina meM brahmacarya kA pAlana 1. " asiNa viyaDabhoI maulikaDo divasa baMbhayArI ya / rAI parimANakaDo paDimA vajjesu diyahesu // - upAsakadazAMga sUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 55 2. se NaM asiNANae, viyaDabhoI, maulikaDe, diyA baMbhayArI, ratiM parimANa kaDe / se NaM eyAruveNa vihAreNa viharamANe jahaNeNaM egAhaM vA duyAhaM va tiyAhaM va jAva ukkoseNaM paMca mAsaM viharai " - dazAzrutaskandha, 6/21 3. ka. "annaM, pAnaM, khAdya, lehyaM nAznAti yo vibhAvaryAm / sa ca rAtribhuktivirataH sattveSvanukampamAnamanAH " // - - ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 142

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184 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana karane ko rAtribhuktityAga pratimA kahA hai|' vasunandizrAvakAcAra evaM sAgAradharmAmRta ke anusAra mana, vacana, kAya se kRta, kArita evaM anumodita Adi nau prakAra se dina meM maithuna kA tyAga karatA hai, usake divAmaithunatyAga pratimA hotI hai| dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki dina meM brahmacarya aura rAtri meM bhojana ke tyAga vAlA rAtribhaktavatI hai|3 lATIsaMhitA meM batAyA hai ki rAtribhakta tyAga pratimAdhArI vyakti rAtri meM pAnI pIne kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai evaM dina meM strI-sevana kA bhI parityAga kara detA haiM / isa prakAra kAyotsarga pratimA ko niyama, rAtribhuktityAga yA divAmaithunatyAga pratimA bhI kahate haiN| isameM zrAvaka dina meM pUrNatayA brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai tathA rAtri meM strI-sevana kI maryAdA nizcita kara letA hai| rAtri meM khAne-pIne para pUrNarUpa se niyantraNa rakhatA hai, snAna nahIM karatA hai evaM dhotI ke lAMga bhI nahIM lagAtA hai| jIvana ko utkRSTatA kI ora agrasara hone kA yaha pAMca mAsa kA pAMcavAM caraNa hai| 6. brahmacarya pratimA___ isameM vratI rAtri meM bhI maithuna sevana kA parityAga evaM sabhI prakAra kI striyoM se paricaya, vArtAlApa Adi kA tyAga kara detA hai| upAsakadazAMgaTIkA ke anusAra pUrvokta pratimAoM se yukta moha ko jota kara rAtri evaM dina meM pUrNa brahmacarya kA pAlana, striyoM se saMlApAdi nahIM kara, zRGgArayukta vastra bhI dhAraNa nahIM karatA hai, vaha brahmacarya pratimAdhArI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| isakA samaya kama se kama eka-do dina va utkRSTa chaH mAsa hai|5 dazA kha. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 81 1. ka. upAsakAdhyayana, 821 kha. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha), pRSTha 255 2. ka. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, 296 ____ kha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/12 3. dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra, 5/22 4. lATIsaMhitA, 6/19-20-21 5. "punvodiya guNajuttovisesao vijiya mohaNijjo ya / vajjai abaMbhamegaMtao ya rAI pi thira citto / / siGgAra kahA virao, itthIe samaM rahammi no ThAi / cayai ca aipyasaGgaM tahA vibhUsaM ca ukkosa" // -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA, abhayadeva, pRSTha 66-67

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185 skandha meM kahA hai ki dina evaM rAtri meM pUrNa brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai, parantu sacitta kA parityAgI nahIM hotA / yaha kama se kama eka-do dina aura utkRSTa pA~ca mAsa taka pAlana yogya niyama hai / ' digambara paramparA meM brahmacarya pratimA ko sAtavIM pratimA mAnA hai / isake svarUpa ko batAte hue ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM mala kA bIja, mala kA AdhAra, mala ko bahAne vAlA, durgandha se yukta tathA vIbhatsa AkAra vAle strI ke aMgoM ko dekhakara strI sevana ke sarvathA tyAga ko brahmacarya pratimA kahA hai / kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM mana, vacana, kAya se sabhI prakAra kI striyoM kI abhilASA nahIM karanA, brahmacarya pratimA mAnA hai / cAritrasAra meM cAmuNDAcArya ne ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / upAsakAdhyayana, vasunandizrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta aura lATosaMhitA meM mana, vacana, kAya dvArA kRta, kArita aura anumodana se strI sevana ke tyAga ko brahmacarya pratimA kahA hai / " amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki viSayasevana se viraktacitta puruSa, strI kI guNarUpI ratnoM ko curAne vAlA mAnakara mana, vacana va kAya se usakA sevana nahIM karatA hai vaha brahmacarya pratimAdhArIzrAvaka hotA hai / isa prakAra strI sevana kA pUrNarUpa se tyAgI hI brahmacarya pratimAdhArI zrAvaka hotA hai / zrAvakAcAra 1. ' se NaM asiNANae, viyaDabhoI maulikaDe diyA vA rAo vA baMbhayArI sacittAhAre se apariNNAe bhavai / segaM eyAruveNaM vihAreNaM viharamANejahaNaM gAM vA duAhaM vA tiAhaM vA jAva ukkoseNaM chammAsa viharejjA" - dazAzrutaskandha, 6/22 2. " malabIjaM malayoni galanmala pUtigandhi vIbhatsam / pazyannaGgamanaGgAdviramati yo brahmacArI saH // 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 83 4. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha), 5. ka. upAsakAdhyayana, 821 kha. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 297 ga. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/16 gha. lATIsaMhitA, 6/25 6. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 73 pRSTha 256 * - ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 143

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186 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana ataH isameM pUrNarUpa se strI-sevana kA parityAga karanA hotA hai, sAtha hI kAmottejanA paidA karane vAle zRGgArika veza-bhUSA, strI ke aMgopAMgoM ko nihAranA Adi bhI tyAjya mAne haiM / vaise digambara sAhitya meM isa pratimA kA krama sAtavA~ hai parantu hamArA AdhAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra hai, isa kAraNa brahmacaryaM pratimA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana usI ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / 7. sacitta AhAravarjana pratimA isameM gRhastha saba prakAra ke bIjayukta aura sacitta AhAra kA tyAga kara detA hai, kintu isameM gRhastha ke kAryoM ko karatA huA Arambha kA tyAga nahIM kara pAtA hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrvokta sabhI pratimAoM kA paripAlana karatA huA samasta sacitta AhAra kA tyAga kara detA hai vaha sacittAhAra pratimAdhArI hai| isakA samaya utkRSTa sAta mAsa kA hai / " dazAzrutaskandha meM dina-rAta brahmacarya ke pAlana ke sAtha vaha pUrNarUpa se sacittaAhAra kA parityAga karatA hai, vaha gRha- AraMbha kA aparityAgI sacitta AhAra pratimAdhArI hai / isameM gRhastha usa pratimA ko eka, do dina tathA utkRSTa sAta mAsa taka pAlana karatA hai / digambara paramparA meM isako pA~caveM krama para rakhA hai, parantu jahA~ svarUpa ke vibhinna pahaluoM ko dRSTigata karanA ho to usakA vivecana yahA~ karanA adhika ucita hai, digambara paramparA meM isako sacittavirata nAma diyA gayA hai / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, cAritrasAra, vasunandizrAvakAcAra aura guNabhUSaNazrAvakAcAra meM kacce mUla, phala, zAka, zAkhA, kaira, phUla aura bojoM ko jo nahIM khAtA hai vaha sacittaviratapratimA kA dhArI batAyA gayA 1. " saccittaM AhAraM vajjai asaNAiyaM niravasesaM / sesavaya samAutto jA mAsA satta vihipuvvaM // " - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 67 2. " ovarAyaM vA baMbhayArI sacittAhAre se pariNAya bhavati / AraMbhe se aparA bhavati / se NaM eyAruveNaM vihAreNaM viharamANejahaNNeNaM egAhaM vA duAhaM vA tiAhaM vA jAva ukkoseNaM sattamAse viharejjA" - dazAzrutaskandha, 6/23

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zrAvakAcAra 187 hai|' vasunandizrAvakAcAra aura guNabhUSaNazrAvakAcAra meM aprAsuka jala kA tyAga bhI sammilita hai| upAsakAdhyayana meM AThavIM pratimA kA nAma sacittatyAga kiyA hai| yahA~ sacitta vastu ke khAne ke tyAga ko sacitta tyAga pratimA mAnA hai| amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM jinavacanoM kA vettA dayAlucitta puruSa kisI sacitta vastu ko nahIM khAtA hai vaha sAdhAraNa dharma kA poSaka evaM kaSAyoM kA vimocaka sacittatyAgapratimAdhArI kahA gayA hai|3 sAgAradharmAmRta meM cAra pratimAoM kA nirdoSa pAlaka, hare aMkura, hare boja, sacitta jala aura namaka nahIM khAne vAlA sacitta tyAgI zrAvaka mAnA gayA hai| lATosaMhitA meM kahA hai ki kabhI bhI sacitta vastu ko nahIM khAnA caahie| yahA~ batAyA hai ki yaha tyAga khAne kA hai, sparza karane kA tyAga nahIM hotA, jisase vaha aprAsuka ko prAsuka karake khA sakatA hai| isa prakAra sacittatyAga pratimA meM vyakti hare kanda, mUla, phalAdi kA sarvathA tyAga kara detA hai| yaha tyAga jIvanabhara ke lie ho sakatA hai / isameM vyakti ko namaka aura jala taka kA bhI tyAgI honA Avazyaka hai / hA~ ! chUTa ke rUpa meM yaha hai ki vaha sacitta cIjoM ko vibhinna saMyogoM se acitta banAkara khA sakatA haiM / 8. svayaMArambhavarjanapratimA isa pratimA meM gRhastha dvArA samasta hiMsAtmaka kriyAoM kA tathA mAna 1. ka. "mUlaphalazAkazAkhAkarIrakandaprasUnabIjAni / nAmAniyo'tti so'yaM sacittavirato dayAmUrtiH // " -ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 141 kha. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 78-79 ga. cAritrasAra, (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha), pRSTha 255 gha. vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, 295 Ga. guNabhUSaNazrAvakAcAra, 3/70 2. upAsakAdhyayana, 822 3. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/71 4. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/8 5. lATIsaMhitA, 6/16-17

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188 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana sika, vAcika evaM kAyika tInoM hI Arambha kA svayaM tyAga karatA hai, upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM kahA hai ki jo sacitta AhAra kA tyAga karatA hai, svayaM Arambha va hiMsA nahIM karatA hai kintu AjIvikA ke lie dUsaroM se karAne kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai vahA~ svayaM Arambhavarjana pratimA kahalAtI hai / isakI kAla maryAdA eka-do yA tIna dina aura utkRSTa ATha mAsa hai|' dazAzrutaskandha meM bhI yahI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM hiMsA ke kAraNabhUta sevA, kRSi tathA vANijya Adi AraMbha se nivRtta hone ko AraMbhatyAgapratimA kahA hai / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, cAritrasAra, amitagatizrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai, sAtha hI inake tyAga ko mana, vacana, kAya se nahIM karanA bhI jor3a diyA hai / upAsakAdhyayana meM khetI Adi nahIM karanA AraMbhatyAga batAyA hai / vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki pUrva meM jo thor3A bahuta gRha saMbaMdhI AraMbha hotA hai, use sadA ke lie tyAga karatA hai, vahI AThavA~ zrAvaka hai| lATIsaMhitA meM jo jala Adi sacitta dravyoM ko apane hAtha se sparza bhI nahIM karatA hai, aise zrAvaka ko AraMbhatyAgo kahA hai / 1. " vajjai sayamArambha sAvajjaM kAravei pesehi / vittinimittaM punvaya guNajutto aTTha jA mAsA // - upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, pRSTha 67 2. "AraMbhe se pariNNAe bhavai / pesArambha apariNNAe bhavai / se NaM eyAruveNaM vihAreNaM viharamANe / jAva jahaNeNaM egAhaM vA duAhaM vA tiAhaM vA jAva ukkoseNaM aTThamAse viharejjA" dazAzrutaskandha, 6/24 3. "sevA kRSivANijyapramukhAdArambhato vyupAramati / prANAtipAtahetoryo'sAvArambhanivRttaH // " - ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 144 4. ka. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 85 kha. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha ) pRSTha 256 ga amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6/74 gha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/21 Ga. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 23/99 5. upAsakAdhyayana, 821 6. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 298 7. lATIsaMhitA, 6/32-33

Page #202
zrAvakAcAra 189 isa prakAra Arambha-tyAga ke isa niyama meM vyakti sabhI prakAra se sAMsArika ArambhoM kA tyAga karatA hai, samasta pArivArika uttaradAyitva se mukta ho jAtA hai / vaha putrAdi ko parAmarza hetu AgAra rakhatA hai evaM svAmitva kA vyAvahArika taura para nirvAha karatA hai| yaha tyAga gRhastha dvArA eka karaNa tIna yoga se kiyA jAtA hai| kisI prANI kI hiMsA kA vicAra mAnasika Arambha hai / hiMsA ke lie prANI ko rUkSatA se kahanA vAcika Arambha hai| zastrAdi se zArIrika kriyAoM dvArA hanana karanA kAyika Arambha hai|' 9. bhRtakapreSyArambhavarjana pratimA-- isameM vyakti bhRtaka yAnI naukaroM se bhI Arambha nahIM karavAtA hai, svayaM to vese bhI nahIM karatA hai, parantu isameM anumati dene kA tyAga nahIM hotA / upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM kahA hai ki dhAraka pUrvokta AThoM pratimAoM kA pAlana karatA hai| Arambha kA bhI parityAga karatA hai; kintu apane nimitta banAye bhojana ko grahaNa kara letA hai| isakA kAla jaghanya eka, do, tIna dina aura utkRSTa nau mAsa hai| dazAzrutaskandha meM kahA hai ki isameM gRhastha dUsaroM se bhI Arambha nahIM karavAtA parantu svanirmita AhAra ko grahaNa karatA hai| yaha pratimA kama se kama eka, do, tIna dina aura utkRSTa nau mAsa kI hotI hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM dhanadhAnyAdi dasoM prakAra ke parigraha ko chor3akara evaM mAyAcAra ko bhI chor3akara jo parama santoSa dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha parigrahavirata zrAvaka kahalAtA 1. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina AcAra-siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pRSTha 353 2. "pesehiM ArambhaM sAvajja kAravei no guruyaM / punvoiyaguNajutto nava mAsA jAva vihigaauN||" .. __ --upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 67 3. "pesAraMbhe se pariNAe bhavai / uddiTTa bhatte se apariNNAe bhavai / se NaM eyA ruveNaM vihAreNaM viharamANe / jahaNNaNaM egAhaM vA duAI vA tiAhaM vA jAva-ukkoseNaM nava mAse viharejjA" -dazAzrutaskandha, 6/25

Page #203
190 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana hai|' kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bAharI aura bhItarI parigraha ko pApa mAnakara chor3a dene ko parigrahavirata kahA hai|' upAsakAdhyayana meM samasta parigraha ke tyAga ko parigrahavirata pratimA batAyA hai / 3 cAritrasAra meM krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko utpanna karane vAlA hiMsAdi paMcapApoM kI janmabhUmi parigraha ko dharma-zukladhyAna se dUra karane vAlA mAnakara dasoM parigraha se virata hone ko parigraha tyAgI zrAvaka paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki ye parigraha rakSaNa, upArjana, vinAza Adi ke dvArA jIvoM ko atibhayaMkara duHkha detA hai, aisA samajha kara parigraha ke tyAgI ko aparigrahI kahA jAtA hai| vasanandizrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki jo vastra mAtra parigraha ko rakhakara zeSa parigraha ko chor3a detA hai aura usa vastra meM bhI mamatva nahIM rakhatA hai, vaha parigrahI virata zrAvaka hai / praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM kSetra, vAstu, dhanya-dhAnya, dAsa, pazu, Asana, zayana, kupya, bhAMDa ina dasa parigrahoM meM kevala tyAgI aparigrahI zrAvaka mAnA hai|' lATIsaMhitA meM sonA-cAMdI Adi sabhI ko chor3akara apane zarIra ke lie vastra evaM anya Avazyaka sAmAna ke atirikta sabhI kA tyAga karane vAlA parigrahaviratA zrAvaka kahA hai| isa taraha preSya tyAga yA parigraha tyAga meM vyakti do karaNa tIna yogoM se samasta sAMsArika Arambha-parigrahoM kA tyAga kara detA hai| vastra kevala zarIra AcchAdana ke lie yA lajjA nivAraNa ke liye hai, kI 1. "bAhyeSu dazasu vastuSu mamatvamutsRjya nirmamatvarataH / svasthaH santoSaparaH paricitaparigrahAdvirataH" // ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 145 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 86 3. upAsakAdhyayana, 822 4. cAritrasAra, (zrAvakAcArasaMgraha) pRSTha 256 5. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/75 6. ka. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 299 kha. sAgAradharmAmata, 7/23 7. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 23/122-123 8. lATIsaMhitA 6/39-41

Page #204
zrAvakAcAra 191 maryAdA rakhatA hai, evaM khAne ke bartana mAtra, jo bhI lakar3I yA miTTI ke haiM, unheM rakhatA hai / inake atirikta samasta ArambhoM se tyAgI gRhastha parigraha virata uccarita hotA hai| 10. uddiSTabhattavarjana pratimA digambara paramparA meM ise anumatityAga nAma diyA hai, jisakA samAveza zvetAmbara meM uddiSTa bhattavarjana meM kara liyA hai| isa pratimA meM gRhastha apane nimitta bane bhojana kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| sAMsArika bAtacIta kA hA~ yA nahIM meM uttara detA hai| sira ustare se mur3AtA hai, kaivala zikhA mAtra rakhatA hai| isakI kAla maryAdA kama se kama eka, do va tIna dina aura utkRSTa dasa mAsa kI hotI hai, aisA upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM kahA hai / ' dazAzrutaskandha meM kahA gayA hai ki jo nirantara dhyAna aura svAdhyAya meM tallIna rahatA hai, sira ke bAloM kA zastra se muNDana karAtA hai, coTI, jo gahasthAzrama kA cihna hai, rakhatA hai vaha uddiSTabhattatyAga pratimAdhArI kahA jAtA hai|2 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra aura sAgAradharmAmata meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo Arambha, kRSi tathA laukika kAryoM meM ruci nahIM rakhatA hai, unakA anumodana bhI nahIM karatA hai, vaha anumatityAgI zrAvaka hai|3 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM jo pApamUlaka gRhastha ke kAryoM kI anumodanA nahIM karatA hai aura gRhakAryoM meM udAsIna rahatA hai, use 1. "uddiTukaDaM bhattaMpi vajjae kimaya sesamAraMbhaM / so hoI u khuramuNDo, sihali vA dhArae koi // davvaM puTTho jANaM jANe ii vayai no ya no vetti / puvvodiya guNajutto dasa mAsA kAlamANeNaM // " -upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA-abhayadeva, pRSTha 67 2. ....seNaM khuramuMDae vA sihA dhArae vA tassa NaM AbhaTThassaM sabhAyaTThassa vA kappaMti duve bhAsAo bhAsittae -dazAzrutaskandha, 6/26/10 3. ka. "anumatirArambhe vA parigrahe vaihikeSu karmasu vA / nAsti khalu yasya samadhIranumativirataH sa mantavyaH // " ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 146

Page #205
192 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana anumati virata pratimAkA dhArI zrAvaka kahA hai|' cAritrasAra aura lATIsaMhitA meM kahA hai ki jo AhArAdi ke lie bhI apanI anumati nahIM detA hai, jaisA AhAra mila jAtA hai, grahaNa kara letA hai, vaha anumati tyAgapratimAdhArI zrAvaka hai|2 amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM dharma meM Asakta, sarvaparigraha se rahita pApakAryoM meM anumati nahIM dene vAle ko anumatityAgI kahA gayA hai| vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki svajanoM evaM parajanoM dvArA pUche gaye gRhasambandhI kArya meM bhI anumodanA nahIM karatA hai, usake anumativiratapratimA hotI hai| isa prakAra uddiSTabhatta yA anumatityAga pratimA meM gRhastha sarvaprakAra ke ArambhoM kA kRta, kArita tathA anumodana kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai, bhojana bhI, apane nimitta se banAyA gayA grahaNa nahIM karatA hai, kisI bhI prakAra ke praznoM kA 'hAM' yA 'nA' meM uttara detA hai| bhojana bhI apane putra yA anya svadharmI ke ghara para kara letA hai| gRhasthI meM rahate hue bho vaha gRhasthadharma se eka prakAra se alaga ho jAtA hai / 11. zramaNabhUtapratimA --- isameM gahastha zramaNa ke sadaza bana jAtA hai, vaha zramaNa kI taraha hI bhikSA-caryA Adi kA paripAlana karatA hai| digambara paramparA meM uddiSTa tyAga ko gyArahavIM' pratimA mAnA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtraTIkA meM kahA hai ki zramaNabhUtapratimA meM sira ke bAloM kA yathAzakti luJcana kiyA jAtA hai| sAdha jaisA veza dhAraNa karatA hai, bhaMDopakaraNa bhI sAdha jaise hI rakhatA hai aura kiMcit rAga hone se gocarI (AhAra) apane hI gharoM se letA hai / samaya (sImA) jaghanya eka do yA tIna dina aura utkRSTa gyAraha kha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/30 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 88 2. ka. cAritrasAra (zrAvakAcAra saMgraha), pRSTha 256 kha. lATIsaMhitA, 6/44/45 3. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 776 4. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 300

Page #206
zrAvakAcAra 193 mAsa hai / ' dazAzrutaskandha meM kahA hai ki zramaNabhUta zrAvaka ustare se sira kA muMDana karAtA hai / sAdhu kA AcAra aura bhaNDopakaraNa dhAraNa kara anagAra dharma kA kAya se sparza karatA huA vicaratA hai / zrasajIvoM kI rakSA ke lie pairoM ko saMkucita kara letA hai / kevala mAtra jAtivarga se moha nahIM chUTane ke kAraNa bhikSAvRtti unhIM ke ghara jAkara karatA hai / " digambara paramparA meM isako utkRSTa zrAvaka yA uddiTTha tyAga kahA hai / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki jo vana meM jAkara munirUpa meM rahakara bhikSAgrahaNa karatA hai, eka vastrakhaNDa ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha utkRSTabhAvaka kahalAtA hai | kArtikeyAnuprekSA aura amitagatizrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki jo gRha chor3akara navakoTi se vizuddha AhAra karatA hai vaha uddiSTatyAgI zrAvaka hai / upAsakAdhyayana meM batAyA hai ki jo apane bhojana ke lie kisI prakAra kI anumati nahIM detA hai vaha uddiSTatyAga pratimAdhArI hai / " vasunandizrAvakAcAra, sAgAradharmAmRta, lATIsaMhitA Adi ne isa pratimA ke do bheda kie haiM - eka kSullaka ora dUsarA ailaka / 1. " khuramuNDo loeNa va rayaharaNaM oggahaM ca dhettaNaM / samabhUo viharai dhammaM kAraNa phAsento // evaM ukkoseNaM ekkArasamAsa jAva viharei / ekkAhAipareNaM evaM rAvvattha pAe ||" 2. - upAsaka dazAMgasUtraTIkA - abhayadeva, " se NaM khuramuMDae vA luMcasirae vA gahiyAyAra - bhaMDaga - nevatthe / jArise samaNANaM niggaMthANaM dhamme paNNatte / kevalaM se nAya pejjabaMdhaNe avocchita bhavai || " 3. " gRhato munivanamitvA gurupakaNThe vratAni parigRhya / 4. ka. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 90 " bhaikSAzanastapasyannukRSTazcelakhaNDadharaH " - ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 147 kha. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 7/77 upAsakAdhyayana, 822 ka. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 301 kha. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/37-38 ga. lATIsaMhitA, 56/63 13 - dazAzrutaskandha, 6/27/11 pRSTha 67-68

Page #207
194 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana kSullaka do vastra dhAraNa karatA hai / keza luJcana yA muNDana bhI yathAzakti karA sakatA hai / bhikSA vibhinna gharoM se mAMgakara karatA hai| ailaka kamaNDala aura morapicchi rakhatA hai| ekamAtra laMgoTI dhAraNa karatA hai bAkI sabhI AcaraNa digambara muni ke sadRza hI hotA hai / isa prakAra ina pratimAoM ko, jo ki manuSya ke AdhyAtmika evaM naitika vikAsa ko sIDhiyAM bhI haiM, jinheM vyakti kramazaH zakti ke anusAra grahaNa karatA calA jAtA hai aura vaha sAdhu jIvana ke najadIka pahu~ca jAtA hai kyoMki vicAroM kI zuddhatA evaM AcaraNa kI niSThA hI vyakti kI unnati ke mArga meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| uparokta gyAraha pratimAoM ke atirikta bhI kucha niyama aise haiM jo zrAvakAcAra meM paravartI kAla-prabhAva se jaDate gye| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM unakA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai ki hama zrAvakAcAra kA varNana kara rahe haiM ataH saMketAtmaka rUpa se unakA nAmollekha karanA Avazyaka hai| ina niyamoM meM mArgAnusArI ke paiMtIsa guNa, SaDAvazyaka, SaT karma, cAra vizrAma, bAraha bhAvanAeM evaM dasa dharma mukhya haiM / isa taraha gyAraha pratimAeM vyakti-jIvana ke cAritrika vikAsa meM sahayogI haiN| krama se eka ke bAda eka pratimA grahaNa karate rahane se vyakti kA AcAra unnata evaM vikAsazIla banatA calA jAtA hai aura gyArahavIM pratimA taka pahu~cate-pahuMcate zrAvaka ke AcaraNa meM itanI pavitratA A jAtI hai ki vaha zramaNatulya ho jAtA hai / jaina AcAra ke sAmAnya niyamoM ke paripAlana se jIvana meM aneka sadguNoM kA samAveza hotA calA jAtA hai| SaDAvazyakoM ke niyamita kriyAnviti hone se dainika jIvana dharma se anuprANita hotA hai| dina bhara meM kiye gaye pApoM kI AlocanA karane kA avasara milatA hai aura karmoM kI nirjarA hone se zreSTha AcAra kA pAlaka banatA hai / dasadharmoM evaM bAraha bhAvanAoM se mAnavIya mUlyoM kI jIvana meM vRddhi hotI hai| jaina dharma bhAvanApradhAna dharma hone se evaM uttama cintana-manana se siddha, buddha aura mukta avasthA kI saMprApti hotI hai|

Page #208
SaSTha adhyAya upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti sAmAjika jIvana upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM tatkAlIna bhAratIya samAja evaM saMskRti ke sandarbha meM upayogI sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| yadyapi yaha sAmagrI parimANa kI dRSTi se mAtra upAsakadazAMgasUtra taka hI sImita hai, kintu mUlataH yaha zrAvaka samudAya se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa isameM zrAvakoM kI sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika sthiti kA eka spaSTa citra ubhara kara AtA hai jo sampUrNa Agama vAGmaya ke adhyayana ke krama meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM mUlyavAna hai / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sAmAjika jIvana kA svarUpa varNa, jAti, kuTumba parivAra, svajana, mitra, pati-patnI aura tatsambandhI riztoM kI sthiti ke sandarbha meM upalabdha hotA hai| ye vastutaH sAmAjika jIvana kI AdhArabhUta saMsthAe~ haiM jinakA sAmUhika svarUpa 'samAja' yA 'sAmAjika saMgaThana' hai / (ka) varNa evaM jAti upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM varNa va jAti kA ullekha nimna prasaMgoM meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| sUdharmA svAmI mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita upadeza ko jambUsvAmI ko batAte hue kahate haiM ki 'bhagavAn dvArA bhASita ardhamAgadhI bhASA sabhI AryoM aura anAryoM kI bhASA meM pariNata ho gyii| jAtiyoM ke sandarbha meM upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Arya-anArya ke rUpa kA yaha eka moTA bheda prApta hotA hai / isake prabhedoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sakaDAlaputra kI patnI agnimitrA bhagavAn se kahatI hai ki he devAnupriya! Apake pAsa bahuta se ArakSaka, rAjyamantrimaNDala ke sadasya, rAjanya, kSatriya, brAhmaNa, subhaTa, yoddhA, sainika, prazAsana adhikArI, malla, licchivi Adi Akara pravajita hue / 2 isa kathana se kSatriya aura brAhmaNa jAti kI 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/11 2. vahI, 7/210

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana upasthiti kA patA calatA hai / eka anya prasaMga meM maMkhaliputra gauzAlaka ne sakaDAlaputra se kahA-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAmAhaNa haiN|' isI taraha gauzAlaka ne kahA ki apratihata jJAna ke dhAraka tInoM lokoM dvArA sevita, pUjita evaM satkarmasampatti se yukta hone se mahAvIra ko mahAmAhaNa kahatA huuN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM sakaDAlaputra ko chor3akara Ananda, kAmadeva Adi sabhI ko 'gAthApati' saMjJA se sambodhita kiyA hai / sakaDAlaputra kumhAra jAti kA thA / isa prakAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Arya-anArya, brAhmaNa, mahAmAhaNa, kSatriya, gAthApati, kumhAra ye zabda hI bhAratIya samAja kI varNa tathA jAti vyavasthA se sambandhita milate haiN| inake svarUpa evaM kArya ke sambandha meM upAsakadazAMgastra kI TIkA meM kucha vizeSa nahIM kahA gayA hai| anya jaina AgamoM meM isakA vizeSa vivaraNa prApta hai| Arya aura anAryoM ke sambandha meM batAyA gayA hai ki Arya vijetA evaM gauravarNa hote haiM tathA anArya unake adhIna tathA kRSNa varNa vAle hote haiM / 5 brAhmaNoM ko samAja meM AdaraNIya sthAna prApta thA, isalie aneka sthAnoM para 'samaNa' tathA 'mAhaNa' zabda kA prayoga sAtha-sAtha kiyA gayA hai|' kSatriya bahattara vidyAoM kA adhyayana karate the evaM bhujabala se deza para zAsana karate the| saMsAra tyAga kara ve siddhi bhI prApta karate the|" gAthApatiyoM ko prAcIna bhArata meM vezya mAnA gayA hai| ye dhana-dhAnya se sampanna, jamIna-jAyadAda aura pazuoM ke mAlika hote the evaM vyApAra dvArA dhanopArjana karate the| miTTI ke bartana banAkara becane vAle vyApArI kumhAra kahalAte the / ' 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara,7218 2. vahI, 7/218 3. vahI, 1/3,2/92 4. vahI, 7/181 5. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 221 / 6. AvazyakacUNi, pRSTha 93 7. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 229 8. vahI, pRSTha 229 9. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 7/184

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upAsaka dazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti (kha) pArivArika jIvana upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Ananda Adi zrAvakoM ke kathana se saMyukta parivAra kA citra prastuta hotA hai / kollAkasanniveza meM Ananda gAthApati ke aneka mitra, jJAtijana, nijaka, sambandhI tathA parijana nivAsa karate the / ' pramukha sadasya - upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki ghara kA mukhiyA hI ghara kA svAmI hotA thA / Ananda hI sAre parivAra kA mukhya kendrabindu, pramANa, sthApaka, AdhAra, AlaMbana, mArga-darzaka evaM meDhIbhUta thA / 197 anya Agama granthoM meM bhI pitA yA prapitA ko ghara kA mukhiyA yA svAmI mAnA gayA hai| sabhI usa mukhiyA kI AjJA kA pAlana karate the / - patnI - Ananda gAthApati kI patnI zivAnandA usake prati anurakta va snehazIla thI, pati ke pratikUla hone para bhI vaha virakta nahIM hotI thI / eka anya prasaMga meM deva ne sakaDAlaputra zrAvaka ko kahA ki tuma apanA vrata bhaMga nahIM karoge to maiM tumhArI dharmasahAyikA, dharmavaidyA, dharmadvitIyA, dharmAnurAgarattA, samasukhaduHkha sahAyikA ko ghara se le AU~gA / isI taraha ke aura prasaMga bhI upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM Ate haiM, jinase pati-patnI ke madhura evaM kaThora sambandhoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai / anya Agama granthoM meM bhI patnI ko gRhasvAminI kI saMjJA dI hai, jo parivAra meM saba kAmoM kA dhyAna rakhatI thI aura apane svAmI kI AjJA kA pAlana karatI thI / bahupatnI prathA - upAsakadazAMgasUtra se bahupatnI prathA kI bhI jAnakArI 1. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara 1/8 2 . vahI, 1 / 5 3. AvazyakacUrNa, pRSTha 526 4. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara, 1 / 6 5. bahI, 7/227 6. AvazyakacUrNa, pRSTha 526

Page #211
198 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlane milatI hai / mahAzataka ke revatI Adi teraha sundara patniyAM thiiN| saMbhavataH yaha bahupatnI prathA sAmAjika pratiSThA evaM gaurava kA pratIka rahI ho| daheja prathA-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM daheja se artha pIhara se lAyI gayI vastu se liyA gayA hai| mahAzataka kI patnI revatI ke pAsa apane pIhara se prApta ATha karor3a svarNa mudrAeM tathA dasa-dasa hajAra gAyoM ke ATha gokula the | bAkI bAraha patniyoM ke pAsa eka-eka karor3a svarNa mudrAeM aura eka-eka gokula sampatti ke rUpa meM pIhara se prApta thaa|2 pIhara se prApta daheja kA yaha spaSTa pramANa upAsakadazAMga meM milatA hai| sautiyA DAha-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki patniyoM meM Apasa meM IrSyA bhI hotI thii| mahAzataka kI patnI revatI ke mana meM vicAra uThA ki maiM apanI bAraha sautoM ke vighna ke kAraNa apane pati ke sAtha vipUla bhoga kA upabhoga nahIM kara pA rahI haiN| ataH acchA ho ki maiM ina bAraha sautoM ko agni-prayoga, viSa-prayoga yA zastra-prayoga se mAra duuN|3 revatI ne anukUla avasara pAkara chaH sautoM ko zastra se evaM zeSa chaH ko viSa-prayoga se mAra ddaalaa| sautiyA DAha kA yaha jaghanya udAharaNa hai| putra-putra mAtA-pitA ke AjJAkArI hote the| jyeSTha putra ko ghara kA bhAra sauMpA jAtA thaa| Ananda Adi sabhI zrAvakoM ne dharmArAdhanA meM samaya nahIM mila pAne ke kAraNa apane parivAra kA sampUrNa dAyitva apane jyeSTha putroM ko sauMpa diyA thaa| pitA kI AjJA kA Adara karate hue putra usa bhAra ko vinayapUrvaka svIkAra karate the| mA~-bApa ke prati putra kI ananya zraddhA hotI thI / culanipitA ko pizAca dvArA mAtR vadha kI dhamakI diye jAne para culanIpitA ne socA-jo deva-guru sadRza pUjanIya, mere 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 7/233 2. vahI, 8/234 3. vahI, 8/238 4. vahI, 8/239 5. vahI, 1/66, 8/245, 9/272, 10/274 6. vahI,

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upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 199 hitArtha atyanta duSkara kArya karane vAlI merI mAtA ko mere sAmane lAkara mAra DAlanA cAhatA hai, ataH acchA ho ki maiM ise pakar3a luuN|' mAM-beTe ke pragAr3ha riztoM ko samajhane ke liye yaha ghaTanA kAphI hai| putrI-putrI ke sambandha meM upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| (ga) mitra va svajana__ upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM svajana aura mitroM kA bhI ullekha AtA hai| inheM vibhinna avasaroM para khAne para bulAyA jAtA thaa| Ananda ne socAbar3e parimANa meM AhArAdi taiyAra karavA kara mitra, jJAtijana, nijaka, svajana, sambandhI tathA parijana ko maiM AmaMtrita karUM aura unheM bhojana karAU~ / 2 jisase isa avasara para maiM unheM apane Atma-kalyANa ke nirNaya se avagata karA skuuN| dharmArAdhanA meM saMlagna hone se pUrva Ananda aura kAmadeva apane bar3e putra, mitroM tathA jAtIya janoM se anumati prApta karanA Avazyaka samajhate the aura anumati milane para pauSadhazAlA meM jAte the| anya jainAgamoM meM bhI samaya-samaya para svajana aura sambandhiyoM ko AmaMtrita karane ke dRSTAnta prApta hote haiN| mahAvIra ke janma ke samaya aneka mitroM, sambandhiyoM, svajanoM tathA anuyAyiyoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA gayA thA / (gha) zAsana-vyavasthA upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM rAjA ko prajA ke pAlaka ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| vANijyagrAma, campAnagarI, vArANasI, AlabhikA, kAmpilyapura, . 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 3/136 2. vahI, 1/66 3. ka. vahI, 1/66 kha. vahI, 2/99 4. kalpasUtra, 5/104

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200 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana polAsapura meM jitazatru nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa|' rAjagRha meM zreNika rAjA rAjya karatA thaa|2 zrAvastI meM bhI jitazatru rAjA kA hI zAsana thA / anya jainAgamoM meM bhI prajA ke pAlaka ko rAjA kahA jAtA thA jo lokAcAra, veda, rAjanIti meM kuzala aura dharma meM zraddhAvAna hotA thaa|' yahA~ jitazatru ko aneka jagahoM kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai, yaha vicAraNIya rAjya ke pramukha sadasya-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM agnimitrA bhagavAna se kahatI hai ki Apake pAsa bahuta se ArakSaka adhikArI, rAjya maMtrimaNDala ke sadasya, parAmarza maNDala ke sadasya, kSatriya, brAhmaNa, subhaTa, yoddhA, prazAsana adhikArI, malla evaM licchivi gaNarAjya ke sadasya, aneka rAjA, aizvaryazAlo, talavara, mAMDavika, kauTumbika, dhanI, zreSThI, senApati evaM sArthavAha anagAra rUpa meM pravarjita hue|5| isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya rAjya kA zAsana ekatantrAtmaka evaM gaNatantrAtmaka donoM hI praNAliyoM meM pracalita thaa| rAjA apane adhInasthoM ko ucita kArya sauMpatA thaa| senA aura senApati kI bhI AvazyakatA rahatI thii| (Ga) nyAya vyavasthA upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki zrAvakoM ko jhUThA lekha likhanA tathA jhUTho gavAhI denA Adi AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| isase saMketAtmaka rUpa se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya nyAya vyavasthA bhI rahI hogii| 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/3, 2/92, 3/124, 4/150, 5/157, 6/165, 7/180 2. vahI, 8/231 3. vahI, 9/263, 10/273 4. vyavahArabhASya, 1, pRSTha 128 5. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 7/210 6. vahI, 1/46

Page #214
201 upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti aparAdha - upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke anusAra cora dvArA curAI huI vastu lenA, vyAvasAyika kAryoM meM coroM kA upayoga karanA, rAjya-viruddha SaDayaMtra karanA, kama mApa-taula karanA tathA milAvaTa karanA aparAdha hai| zrAvakoM ko inase bacane ke lie kahA gayA hai|' ___ aparAdhiyoM meM rizvatakhoroM, girahakaToM, baTamAroM, coroM aura jabarana cuMgo vasUla karane vAle sammilita hote the| ___ anya AgamoM meM bhI jahAjoM ko lUTane vAle, strI-puruSoM kA apaharaNa karane vAle aura sArtha ko mAra DAlane vAle coroM kA ullekha milatA hai / 3 corI karane vAle ke sAtha-sAtha corI kI salAha dene vAle, curAI huI vastu ko kama mUlya meM kharIdane vAle, coroM ko Azraya dene vAle ko bhI cora mAnA gayA hai| yuddha se surakSA-usa kAla meM zatrusenA ko rokane ke lie parakoTe jaisA sudRr3ha, avarodhaka, zataghnI arthAt jisake nIce saikar3oM manuSya kucala kara mara jAeM aise AkAra se durga nirmita hote the / 5 ye sAdhana zatru-senA dvArA AkramaNa kiye jAne para surakSA hetu banAye jAte the| zastra-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM zastroM ke rUpa meM cakra, gadA, bhuzuMDI Adi kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| yaha bhuzuMDI patthara pheMkane kA eka vizeSa zastra thaa| anya granthoM meM mudgara bhuzuMDo,' hala, gadA, mUsala, tomara, parazu aura zataghnI kA ullekha zastroM ke rUpa meM milatA hai| 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/47 2. vahI, 1/7 3. jJAtAdharmakathA, 18, pRSTha 209 4. praznavyAkaraNaTIkA, 3/32, pRSTha 53 5. uvAsagadasAo- muni madhukara, 1/7 6. vahI, 1/7 7. uttarAdhyayanaTIkA, 2, pRSTha 34 8. mahAbhArata, 2/70/34 11 / / 9. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR0 107

Page #215
202 (ca) kalA aura vijJAna lekhana - upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM lekhana kalA ke saMketa bhI prApta hote haiM / mRSAvAda ke pA~ca aticAroM meM kUTalekhakaraNa ko pAMcavAM aticAra mAnA hai / " isake atirikta lekhana ke sambandha meM upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM koI saMketa nahIM hai / anya Agama granthoM meM lekha, lekhana sAmagrI Adi kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana ardhamAgadhI bhASA - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA udgIrNa ardhamAgadhI bhASA una sabhI Arya aura anAryoM kI bhASA meM pariNata ho gaI / 3 bartana - sakaDAlaputra bartana banAne aura bartana becane kA vyApAra karatA thA / vaha taraha-taraha ke karave, gaDue, ardhaghaTaka, kalase, surAhiyAM, lambI gardana vAle ghar3e banavAtA thA / Ananda ne pAnI ke lie UMTa ke AkAra ke ghar3e kA parimANa kiyA / isa prakAra usa kAla meM vibhinna prakAra ke bartana kAma meM lAye jAte the / zilpa - kollAka sanniveza ke rAjamArga, aTTAlikAoM, AzrayasthAnoM, nagaradvAroM evaM toraNadvAroM se suzobhita the / usakI argalA aura gopura ke kivAr3oM ke Age jur3e hue nukole bhAle jaiso koleM suyogya zilpAcAryoM dvArA nirmita thIM / kollAka sanniveza ke hATa-mArga, vyApArakSetra, bAjAra Adi 'bahuta se zilpiyoM ora kArogaroM se AvAsita hone ke kAraNa sukhasuvidhApUrNa the / 1. uvAsagadasAo muni madhukara, 1146 2. jaina, jagadIzacandra - jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 300 3. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara, 1 / 11 4. vahI, 5. vahI, 6. vahI, 7. vahI, - 7/184 1/27 1/7 1/7

Page #216
upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 203 Arthika jIvana (ka) utpAdana Arthika sAdhana ho vyakti ke patha-pradarzana kA ekamAtra pahalU hotA hai| pratyeka aisA kArya jisase arthopArjana hotA hai, utpAdana kahA jA sakatA hai / bhUmi, zrama, pU~jI evaM prabandha Arthika vyavasthA ko sudRr3ha banAne ke mUla kAraNa rahe haiN| ___ khetI-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM khetI ke sambandha meM batAyA gayA hai ki vANijya grAma meM saikar3oM, hajAroM haloM se jutI usakI samIpavartI bhami sundaramArga sImA sI lagatI thii|' vaha Ikha, jau aura dhAna ke paudhoM se lahalahAtI thii| eka anya prasaMga meM Ananda eka hala ke hisAba se pA~ca sau haloM ke atirikta samasta vastuvidhi kA parityAga karatA hai|3 pandraha karmAdAnoM ke varNana meM sphoTakarma kA ullekha hai jo khetoM meM hala calAne se sambandhita hai| isase spaSTa hai ki khetI karanA usa samaya AjIvikA calAne kA eka pramukha kameM thaa| kheto kI phasala-prAcIna samaya meM cAvala kI khetI bahatAyata se hotI thii| Ananda dvArA odaNa vidhi kA parimANa karate hue kalamajAti ke dhAna ke cAvaloM ke sivAya aura sabhI prakAra ke cAvaloM kA parityAga karane kA prasaMga AtA hai| anya jainAgamoM meM khetI va usakI phasaloM ke bAre meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| unameM ullekha hai ki haloM meM baila jotakara khetI kI jAtI thI, ThIka samaya para baila ko jotane se khetI acchI hotI thii| phasaloM meM cAvaloM ko anya AgamoM meM bhI pramukha sthAna diyA hai| kalamazAli kisma 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/7 2. vahI, 1/7 3. vahI, 4. vahI, 1/51 5. vahI, 1/35 6. uttarAdhyayana TIkA, 1/10

Page #217
204 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana kA cAvala pUrvI prAntoM meM paidA hotA thaa| varSA hone para use choTI-choTI kyAriyAM banAkara khetoM meM boyA jAtA thaa| phira eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para ropA jAtA, rakSA kI jAtI evaM bAda meM kATA jAtA thaa|' masAle, ganne va kapAsa kI bhI khetI kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| udyAna-upAsakadazAMga meM vibhinna udyAnoM aura caityoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai evaM unameM aneka puSpoM kA ullekha milatA hai| campAnagarI meM pUrNabhadra caitya,3 vArANasI meM koSTaka caitya, AlabhikA meM zaMkhavanaudyAna,5 kAmpilyapUra va polAsapura meM sahasra AmravanaudyAna, rAjagRha meM guNazIla caitya, zrAvastI meM koSThava caitya kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| anya jaina AgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki udyAna nagara ke pAsa hone se krIr3Asthala bhI hotA thaa|' vahA~ vRkSa, latA evaM kuMja bane rahate the jahA~ dhanADhya loga krIr3A karate the| isameM bhAMti-bhA~ti ke phUla khilate the|" pazupAlana-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM pazupAlana kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| Ananda gAthApati ke cAra vraja the, pratyeka vraja meM dasa hajAra gAyeM thiiN| kollAka sanniveza meM murgoM aura yuvA sA~r3oM ke bahuta se samUha the / vahA~ gAyoM, bhaiMsoM aura bher3oM kI pracuratA thii|' 3 gAyoM ke gokula ke 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4/355 2. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 122 3. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/1, 2/92 4. vahI, 3/124; 4/150 5. vahI, 5/157 6. vahI, 6/165, 7/180 7. vahI, 8/231 8. vahI, 9/269, 10/273 9. nizIthasUtra, 8/2 10. vyAkhyAprajJaptiTIkA, pRSTha 227-228 11. nizIthasUtra, 7/1 12. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/4 13. vahI, 1/7

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205 upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti sandarbha anya zrAvakoM kevarNana meM bhI Ate haiN| bailoM ko badhiyA karane kA bhI usa samaya rivAja thA / jise nirlAJchana karma kahA hai|' ____ anya jaina AgamoM meM bhI pazuoM ko dhana mAnA gayA hai| gAya, baila, bhaiMsa tathA bher3eM rAjA kI sampatti ginI jAtI thiiN|2 pazuoM ke samUha ko praja, gokula athavA saMgilla kahA gayA hai| vRkSa-upAsakadazAMga meM vRkSoM kA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| zrAvakoM ke pandraha karmAdAnoM meM aMgAra karma aura vana karma ye do nAma isase sambandha rakhate haiN| jaMgaloM se lakar3I prApta karane ke lie vRkSoM ko girAnA vana karma aura vRkSoM kI lakar3iyoM ko jalAkara koyalA banAkara becane ke vyApAra ko aMgAra karma kahA hai| vyApAra-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA varNana usa samaya pracalita vyApAra kI sUcanA detA hai| inameM hAthIdAMta, lAkha, carbI, madhu, astra-zastra, tela Adi ke vyApAra kA ullekha pramukha hai|5 miTTI ke bartanoM kA vyApAra bhI bar3I mAtrA meM hotA thaa| polAsapura meM sakaDAlaputra kumhAra rahatA thA / zahara ke bAhara usakI 500 dukAneM thI, jahA~ bahuta se naukara-cAkara kAma karate the| ve pahale miTTI meM pAnI DAlakara use sAnate, phira rAkha aura gobara milAkara cAka para rakhakara icchAnusAra karaka, vAruka, parAte aura kuNDe banAte the| sAtha hI choTe ghar3e, kalaza, surAhiyA~, uSTrikA Adi bartanoM kA nirmANa bhI ve karate the / anya jaina AgamoM meM bhI luhAra, hAthI-dAMta kA vyApAra', kumhAra' 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/51 2. aupapAtika sUtra, 6 3. vyavahArabhASya. 2/23 4. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/51 5. vahI, 1/51 6. vahI, 7148 7. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 19/66 8. AvazyakacUNi, 2, pRSTha 296 9. anuyogadvArasUtra, 132

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana 2 bar3haI', karmakAra evaM raMga banAne vAle kA ullekha milatA hai / 206 puSpamAlAe~ - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM vibhinna puSpoM kI mAlAoM kA ullekha AtA hai / Ananda apane ghara se kuraNTa puSpoM kI mAlA se yukta hokara nikalA / puSpavidhi kA parimANa karate hue eka bAra Ananda ne kahA- maiM zvetakamala tathA mAlatI ke phUloM kI mAlA ke sivAya anya sabhI prakAra ke phUloM ke dhAraNa karane kA parityAga karatA hU~ / " sugandhita dravya - usa samaya vibhinna jAtiyoM meM sugandhita dravyoM kA prayoga hotA thA / Ananda ne dhUpavidhi kA parimANa karate hue agara, lohabAna evaM dhUpa ke sivAya sabhI dhUpanIya vastuoM kA tathA mAliza ke sahastrapAka evaM zatapAka teloM ke atirikta sabhI mAliza ke teloM kA parityAga kiyA thA / " mukhavAsa vidhi meM pAMca sugandhita vastuoM se yukta pAna ke sivAya saba sugandhita vastuoM kA parimANa kiyA thA / " upAsakadazAMga - sUtraTIkA meM pA~ca sugandhita vastuoM meM ilAyacI, lauMga, kapUra, dAlacInI evaM jAyaphala kA ullekha AtA hai / agaru, kuMkuma aura candana ke atirikta vilepana dravyoM ke parityAga kA bhI varNana hai / 0 anya AgamoM meM alasI, kusummA aura sarasoM se tela nikAlane kA ullekha hai / " " aneka prakAra kA sugandhita jala kAma meM liyA jAtA thA / 13 1. AvazyakacUrNa, pRSTha 115 2. nizIthacUrNi, 11, 3. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1, pRSTha 10 4. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara, 1/10 5. vahI, 1 / 32 6. vahI, 1 / 32 7. vahI, 1/25 8. vahI, 1/42 9. vahI, 1/43 pRSTha 292 10. vahI, 1/29 11. AvazyakacUNi 2, pRSTha 219 12. aupapAtikasUtra, 31

Page #220
upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 207 sugandhita dravyoM meM ilAyacI, cambA, kuMkuma, candana, khasa, maruA, jUhI, mallikA, ketakI, agaru evaM karpara kA bhI ullekha AtA hai|' anya pezevara vyakti-kollAka sanniveza meM naTa, nartaka, kalAbAja, pahalavAna, mukkebAja, vIrarasa kI gAthAe~ gAne vAle, zubha-azubha batAne vAle, tantu bajAkara AjIvikA karane vAle, tuMba bajAne vAle, tAlI bajAne vAle Adi aneka janoM kA nivAsa thA / 2 anya AgamoM meM bhI aise vyaktiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo zramika varga meM sammilita nahIM hone para bhI samAja ke lie upayogI the| inameM cikitsaka, naimittika, vidUSaka, naTa, nartaka Adi mukhya haiN| pUMjI-bhUmi ko chor3akara anya sabhI prakAra kA dhana pUjI ke antargata ginA jAtA hai / Ananda zrAvaka ke pAsa cAra karor3a svarNa khajAne meM yA jamIna meM gAr3akara rakhA gayA thA, jisake liye 'nihANa pauttI' zabda prayukta huA hai| isI taraha cAra karor3a vyApAra meM aura cAra karor3a ghara ke vaibhava meM lagA huA thaa| isI prakAra kI pUMjI anya zrAvakoM ke pAsa bhI thii| __ anya AgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha loga pUjopati kahalAte the| inake pAsa paryApta mAtrA meM hiraNya, suvarNa, dhana-dhAnya, bala, vAhana, koza, ratna, maNi, mauktika Adi rahate the| (kha) vibhAjana upArjita Aya ko peze se sambandhita vyaktiyoM meM bA~Tane ko vibhAjana kahA jAtA hai| vetana va majadUrI-polAsapura nagara ke bAhara AjIvikopAsaka sakaDAlaputra ke yahAM bhojana tathA majadUrI ke rUpa meM vetana para kAma karane 1. rAjapraznIyasUtra, 39 2. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara 1/7 3. aupapAtikasUtra, 1, pRSTha 2 4. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/4, 2/92 5. vahI, 3/125,4/150, 5/165, 7/182,8/231, 9/269, 10/273 6. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 9/46

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208 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana vAle bahuta se puruSa bartana banAte the evaM bhojana aura vetana para kAma karane vAle bahuta se puruSa bikrI ke kAma meM lage the / ' anya jainAgamoM meM zrama ke lie bhattA dene ko vetana kahA hai| vetana rupaye paise evaM jinsoM meM diyA jAtA thA / hissedAra kA AdhA, cauthAI aura munAphe kA chaThAM hissA isa taraha vibhAjana kara diyA jAtA thA / 3 lAbha - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM Ananda zrAvaka ke prasaMga meM 'vuDDhI' zabda kA artha byAja yA lAbha se kiyA hai / kahA hai ki Ananda kA cAra karor3a svarNa vRddhi meM pravartita thA / " yAna aura vAhana - - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra se yAna aura vAhana sambandhI jAnakArI bhI milatI hai / kollAkasasanniveza meM aneka uttama ghor3e, madonmatta hAthI, rathasamUha, zibikA, syandamAnikA, yAna, yugma kA jamaghaTa lagA rahatA thA / Ananda ne vAhana vidhi kA parimANa karate hue kahA ki maiM pAMca sau vAhana dig- yAntrika tathA pAMca sau gRha upakaraNoM ke sivAya saba vAhanoM kA parityAga karatA hU~ / " eka anya prasaMga meM Ananda ne apane sevakoM se kahA ki teja calane vAle, eka jaise khura, pU~cha tathA aneka raMgoM se citrita siMga vAle do yuvA bailoM dvArA khIMce jAte zreSTha lakSaNoM se yukta dhArmika kAryoM ke upayoga meM Ane vAlA yAna pravara zIghra upasthita karo / anya Agama granthoM meM bhI bar3hiyA milatA hai, jinameM ghor3e jote jAte the / rAjAoM dvArA kiyA jAtA thA / " 1. uvAsagadasao - muni madhukara, 7/184 2. sthAnAMgasUtra, 3 / 28 3. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara, 1/4 4. vahI, 1/7 5. vahI, 1/21 6. vahI, 1/59, 7/206 7. AvazyakacUrNa, pRSTha 188 8. rAjapraznIya TIkA, pRSTha 6 kisma ke yAnoM meM ratha kA ullekha zivikA, syandamAnI kA upayoga

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upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 209 (ga) vinimaya Arthika lena-dena ko vinimaya kahA jAtA hai| yaha utpAdana aura vibhAjana tathA utpAdana aura upabhoga ke bIca kar3I kA kAma karatA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM vinimaya ke liye mudrA ke prayoga kA ullekha huA hai| ___ mudrA- yahA~ hiraNya, suvarNa va kAMsya mudrAoM kA ullekha hai / Ananda ke pAsa cAra karor3a suvarNa khajAne meM rakhA thaa|' mahAzataka ke pAsa ATha karor3a kAMsya parimita svarNa mudrAeM vyApAra ke liye thiiN| anya AgamoM meM suvarNa, kArSApaNa, mAsa, arddhamAsa va rUpaka kA ullekha milatA hai / paNNaga evaM pAyaMka' mudrAoM kA bhI calana thaa| udhAra-upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke anusAra usa samaya udhAra lena-dena bhI hotA thaa| eka prasaMga meM kaTalekhakaraNa kA ullekha bhI haiN| arthAt rupayA udhAra lete samaya kUTalekha yA chala kapaTa yukta lekha likha dete the| anya AgamoM meM bhI udhAra ke prasaMga milate haiM, loga udhAra lekara vApisa nahIM dete the| yadi koI udhAra dene meM samartha nahIM hotA to unake ghara ke bAhara mailI-kucailI jhaMDI lagA dI jAtI thii| lena-dena meM chala-udhAra lete-dete samaya kUTa lekha to hotA hI thA, kintu upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM asteyavrata ke aticAra meM kUTatulA aura kuTamAna kA ullekha bhI AtA hai| isase mAlama hotA hai ki usa samaya nApa-taula ke lena-dena meM chala-kapaTa hotA thaa|' 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/4, 2/92, 3/115, 4/150 2. vahI, 8/232 3. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2/2, pRSTha 327 4. vyavahArabhASya, 3/267 5. AvazyakaTIkA, pRSTha 432 6. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/43 7. AvazyakaTIkA, pRSTha 820 8. nizIthabhASya, 11/3704 9. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara 1/47

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana anya AgamoM meM bhI isI taraha kI beImAnI kA ullekha prApta hotA hai|' (gha) upabhoga khAdya-padArtha-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM cAra prakAra ke bhojana kA ullekha milatA hai| azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya / 2 bhojya padArthoM meM kASTha peya, ghevara, khAje, kalamajAti ke cAvala, maTara, mUga va ur3ada kI dAla,' zarad Rtu meM uttama go-ghRta, sabjiyoM meM bathuA, laukI, suApAlaka tathA bhiMDI, pAlaMga-mAdhuraka kA peya,' AkAza se girA huA pAnI,. kAMjI-bar3e tathA khaTAI meM par3e maMgadAla ke pakaur3e Adi vyaMjanoM kA pracalana thaa| Ananda zrAvaka ne inake tyAga kA niyama liyA thaa|" ___ anya jainAgamoM meM bhojya padArthoM meM dUdha, dahI, makkhana, ghI, tela, madhu, madirA, gur3a, mAMsa,'2 rAba, bhUne hue gehU~ se nirmita khAdyAnna, zrIkhaNDa Adi kA nAmollekha prApta hotA hai|'4 modaka logoM kA priya miSTAnna thA / ' 5 vyaJjanoM meM aThAraha prakAra ke vyaJjanoM kA ullekha milatA hai / / 1. uttarAdhyayanaTIkA, 4, pRSTha 81 2. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/58, 1/64 3. vahI, 1/33 4. vahI, 1/34 5. vahI, 1/35 6. vahI, 1/36 7. vahI, 1/37 8. vahI, 1/38 9. vahI, 1/39 10. vahI, 1/41 11. vahI, 1/40 12. AvazyakacUrNi, 2, pRSTha 319 13. bRhatkalpabhASya, 2/3476 14. AcArAMgasUtra 2/1/4 15. AvazyakacUNi, pRSTha 356 16. sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/135

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upAsaka dazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 211 madirApAna - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki pandraha karmAdAnoM ko jAnanA cAhiye, kintu usakA AcaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki usameM rasavANijya bhI hai / ' rasavANijya kA artha TIkAkAra ne madirA Adi rasoM kA vyApAra kiyA hai / eka anya prasaMga meM revatI zarAba ke naze meM unmatta lar3akhar3AtI huI evaM bAla bikherakara mahAzataka ke pAsa AI thI / isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya madirApAna kA pracalana thA / anya jaina AgamoM meM bhI madirA pIne-pilAne tathA rAjA-mahArAjAoM ke satkAra ke lie upayoga meM lAne ke prasaMga Ate haiM / jJAtAdharmakathA meM ullekha hai ki draupadI ke svayaMvara para vividha prakAra kI surA, madya, sIdhu, prazanA dvArA rAjA-mahArAjAoM kA satkAra kiyA thA / 3 mAMsa bhakSaNa meM mAMsa bhakSaNa - mahAzataka gAthApati kI patnI revatI tatpara rahatI thI / vaha lohe kI salAkhoM para seke hue, ghI Adi meM tale hue tathA Aga para bhune hue bahuta prakAra ke mAMsa evaM surAdi kA AsvAdana karatI thI / eka anya prasaMga meM revatI apane pIhara ke naukaroM se pratidina do-do bachar3e maMgAkara unakA mAMsa khAtI thI / " anya AgamoM meM bhI mAMsa talakara, bhUMjakara, sukhAkara evaM namaka milAkara taiyAra karane kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / aise bhoja kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jahA~ jIvoM ko mArakara mAMsa atithiyoM ko parosA jAtA thA / parantu jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyataH isa prakAra ke bhojana kA kaThoratA se niSedha thA / 1. uvAsagadasAo - - - muni madhukara, 1 / 51 2. vahI, 2 / 246 3. jJAtAdharmakathA, 16 4. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara, 8/240 5. vahI, 8 / 243 6. vipAkasUtra, 2 7, jaina, jagadIzacandra - jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 209

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212 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana vastra-bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Agamana ko jAnakara Ananda ne sabhAyogya zaddha va mAMgalika vastra phne|' Ananda ne vastra vidhi kA parimANa karate hue do sUtI vastroM ke sivAya anya sabhI prakAra ke vastroM ke parityAga kA niyama liyaa|2 Ananda ne zarIra poMchane ke lie eka sugandhita aura lAla raMga ke aMgoche ke atirikta sabhI kA tyAga kiyaa| isase lagatA hai ki sUtI vastroM ke alAvA anya prakAra ke vastra bhI usa samaya pracalita the| __anya AgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki loga sundara vastra dhAraNa karate the| sabhA meM jAne ke lie zukla vastroM ke dhAraNa karane kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| sAtha hI cAra prakAra ke vastroM kA bhI ullekha hai :-pratidina pahanane yogya, snAna ke pazcAt pahanane yogya, utsava aura mele meM pahanane yogya evaM rAjA-mahArAjA se bheMTa ke samaya pahanane yogya / ' AbhUSaNa-rAjA, manuSya, strI va pazuoM se sambandhita vibhinna AbhUSaNoM kA ullekha bhI upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM milatA hai| eka prasaGga meM rAjA jitazatru ne tIthaMkaroM ke chatra Adi atizayoM ko dekhakara apane hAthI se utara kara talavAra, chatra, mukuTa, caMvara ko alaga kiyA thaa| Ananda ne bhI sabhA meM jAne ke lie bahamalya AbharaNoM se zarIra ko alaMkRta kiyA thaa| AbharaNa vidhi kA pariNAma karate samaya Ananda ne zuddha sone ke acitrita kuNDala evaM nAmAMkita madrikA ke sivAya saba gahanoM kA tyAga kiyA thaa|' Ananda kI salAha se jaba usakI patnI zivAnandA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana karane ke lie jAne ko taiyAra huI, usa samaya usake 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 2/10, 1/59 2. vahI, 1/28 3. vahI, 1/22 4. kalpasUtra, 4/82 5. bRhatkalpabhASya, 5/6035 6. vahI, pIThikA, 644 7. uvAsagadasAo-mani madhukara, 1/9 8. vahI, 1/10 9. vahI, 1/31

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upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 213 prasthAna ke lie ratha aura bailoM ko vibhinna AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyA thaa| bailoM ko unake gale meM sone kA gahanA, jota tathA cA~dI kI laTakatI huI ghaMTiyA~ aura nAka meM uttama sone ke tAroM se mizrita patalI sI sUta kI nAtha se jur3I rAsa Adi pahanAye gye| isI taraha ratha ko aneka prakAra kI maNiyoM aura sone kI bahuta sI ghaNTiyoM se yukta kiyA gayA thaa| anya jainAgamoM meM caudaha prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| jinameM hAra, ardhahAra, ekAvali, kanakAvali, ratnAvali, Adi pramukha haiN|' suvarNapaTTa se zreSThiyoM kA mastaka bhUSita kiyA jAtA thA evaM nAma-mudrikA aMgUThI meM pahanI jAtI thii| ___ Amoda-pramoda-Amoda-pramoda ke sAdhanoM meM naTa, nartaka, jalla, malla, moSTika, viDaMbaka, kathaka, plavaka, lAsaka, AkhyAyaka, laMkha, maMkha, tUNailla, tuMbavINika, tAlAcara Adi kA usa samaya pracalana thaa| manoraMjana ke lie krIr3A, vATikA, udyAna Adi sthAnoM kA prayoga bhI hotA thA / 4 gAthApati Ananda gehU~ ke sugandhita ATe se ubaTana bhI karAtA thaa| isa ubaTana ke prayoga ke alAvA usane sabhI kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| bomAriyA~ evaM davAiyA~-upAsakadazAMga meM 16 prakAra ko auSadhiyoM kA varNana prApta hai| isa sambandha meM isase adhika jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| dhArmika jIvana upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM dhArmika jIvana kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/59, 7/206 2. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 142 3. vahI, pRSTha 143 4. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara, 1/60 5. vahI, 1/26 6. vahI, 1/43

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214 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana usa samaya jaina dharma ke alAvA anya mata bhI pracalita the / mahAvIra ke anuyAyI zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ke rUpa meM dhArmika kriyAoM kA pAlana karate the| upAsakadazAMgasatra meM jo tIrthaGkara zabda prayukta haA hai, vaha sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa cAra tIrthoM kI sthApanA ke saMdarbha meM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko upAsadazAMgasUtra meM 'Adikara' tIrthaGkara kahA gayA hai / ' gozAlaka ne mahAvIra ko 'mahAmAhaNa' bhI kahA hai / 2 zramaNa saMgha-upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra apane zramaNa saMgha sahita vihAra karate the|3 usa samaya unake zramaNa saMgha meM caudaha hajAra zramaNa evaM chattIsa hajAra zramaNiyA~ thiiN| aneka AcAryabAhara bhI vicaraNa karate the / 5 zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA bhI usa samaya vizAla thii| unameM Ananda, kAmadeva, culanipitA, sakaDAlaputra Adi dasa zrAvaka aura zivAnanda Adi zrAvikAyeM pramukha thiiN| AhAra-vihAra va Azraya sthala-upAsakadazAMgasatra meM ullekha milatA hai ki indrabhUti gautama vANijyagrAma meM AhAra lene gaye the, usa samaya Ananda ko avadhijJAna hone ke bAre meM unheM bhrAnti huI thI, isa ghaTanA se patA calatA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI AhAra lene ke lie gA~va yA nagara meM sthita apane anuyAyiyoM ke yahA~ para jAte the| isI taraha upAsakadazAMgasUtra se yaha bho jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya mahAvIra aura unake zramaNa samudAya kA vicaraNa kSetra mukhyatayA campA, vArANasI, vANijyagrAma, AlabhikA, kAmpilyapura, polAsapura, rAjagRha aura zrAvastI Adi nagara the| mahAvIra aura unaka sahavatI sAdhu, sAdhvI prAyaH nagara ke bAhara caitya, udyAna evaM vana me ho Thaharate the| aise caityoM meM-pUrNabhadracaitya, dRtipalAzacaitya, koSTakacetya; udyAno me-guNazAla udyAna, vanoM meM zaMkhavana, sahasrAmra vana Adi mukhya the| mahAvIra ka zrAvaka bho unheM apane sAdhu-sAdhvI sahita apane 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/9 2. vahI, 7/218 3. vahI, 1/9 4. vahI. 1/9 5. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 389

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upAsaka dazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 215 yahA~ Akara Thaharane kA nimantraNa dete the / isI taraha kA nimaMtraNa dete hue sakaDAlaputra ne vandanA aura namaskAra kara mahAvIra se kahA thA ki bhagavan polAsapura nagara ke bAhara merI pA~ca so kumhAragirI kI dharmazAlAyeM haiM Apa vahA~ pratihArika, pITha, saMstAraka grahaNa kara virAje / bhagavAna mahAvIra cAturmAsa ko chor3akara zeSa samaya eka se dUsare janapada meM vicaraNa karate the / dharma va AcAra - upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM bhagavAna ne dharma do prakAra kA batAyA hai - agAra dharma aura anagAradharmaM / anagAradhamaM meM sAdhaka sarvatra sarvAtmanA sAvadya kAryoM kA parityAga karatA hai / bhagavAna ne agAra dharma ke phira bAraha bheda batalAe haiM- pA~ca aNuvrata evaM sAta zikSAvrata / eka anya prasaMga meM Ananda zrAvaka kahatA hai ki jisa prakAra Apake pAsa aneka rAjA, aizvaryazAlI, talavara, mADaMbika, kauTumbika, zreSThi, senApati Adi muNDita hokara anagAra rUpa meM pravarjita hue haiM usa taraha maiM pravajita hone meM asamartha hU~, isalie Apake pAsa pA~ca aNuvrata evaM sAta zikSAvrata mUlaka bAraha gRhIdharma ko svIkAra karanA cAhatA hU~ | zrAvaka AcAra ke pratyeka vrata kA vistRta varNana bhI pAyA jAtA hai / " vrata- pAlana meM upasarga -- upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM varNita dasa zrAvakoM meM se sAta zrAvakoM ko devajanya, mAnavajanya evaM vAda-vivAdajanya upasargoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A / kAmadeva ko upAsanA meM lIna dekhakara pizAca rUpadhArI deva atyanta kruddha huA aura usane talavAra se kAmadeva para vAra kiyA aura Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara DAle / hAthI ke rUpa meM deva ne kAmadeva ko sU~Da meM pakar3akara AkAza meM uchAlA aura girate hue ko apane tIkSNa dA~toM se jhelakara jamIna para tIna bAra pairoM se rauMdA / sarpa ke rUpa meM usane kAma 1. uvAsa gadasAo - muni madhukara, 7 / 193 2. jaina, jagadIzacandra - jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 379 3. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara, 1 / 11 4. vahI, 1/12, 7 /210 5. vahI, 1/13-43 6. vahI, 2 / 99 7. vahI, 2/106

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216 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana deva ke gale meM lipaTa kara tIkhe aura jaharIle dA~toM se usakI chAtI para DaMka mArA / ' culanipitA ko pizAcarUpa deva ne usake putra ko mArakara tIna mAMsa khaNDa kiye va ubalate pAnI kI kar3hAI meM khaulAyA evaM usake mAMsa aura rakta se culanipitA ke zarIra para chiTakAva kiyA / surAdeva zrAvaka ko deva ne vrata nahIM chor3ane para vibhinna prakAra ke solaha bhayaMkara roga utpanna karane kI dhamakI dii| isI taraha kI dhamakI cullazataka ko deva ne dete hue kahA yadi tuma vrata nahIM chor3oge to tumhArI sabhI svarNa mudrAoM ko AlabhikA nagarI ke tirAhe, caurAhe Adi meM bikhera dUMgA / kuNDakaulika aura deva ne niyativAda tathA puruSArthavAda para paraspara vAda-vivAda kiyA / " vrata nahIM chor3ane para deva ne sakaDAlaputra kI patnI kI hatyA karane evaM usake mAMsakhaMDa ubalate pAnI meM khaulAkara usa mAMsa aura rakta se zarIra para chir3akAva karane ke lie kahA / " mahAzataka ko brahmacaryajanya upasarga huA / svayaM usakI patnI revatI ne moha aura unmAdajanaka kAmoddIpana ceSTAe~ pradarzita kIM / dharma-puNya, svarga, mokSa se viSaya sukha prApta nahIM hone kI bAta 1 kahI / isa prakAra zrAvakoM kI sAdhanA meM upasarga Ane kA ullekha upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM vistAra se huA hai / anya jaina AgamoM meM bhI strI aura napuMsakajanya upasarga hote the' / sAdhu kAmavAsanA ke vazIbhUta hokara ghRNita kAryoM ko karate the / anyatIthakoM ke sAtha kabhI-kabhI vAda-vivAda meM saMgharSa bhI karanA par3atA thA / " 1. uvAsa gadasAo - muni madhukara, 2 / 109 2 . vahI, 3/130, 4/151, 5/158 3. vahI, 4 / 152 4. vahI, 5 / 960 5. vahI, 6/168 - 171 6. vahI, 7 / 227 7. vahI, 8 / 246 8. bRhatkalpabhASya, 1/2493-99 9. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, 4/2 10. nizIthabhASya, 5/2

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upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 217 anya dhArmika mata-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM tatkAlIna anya dhArmika matoM kA bhI ullekha haA hai Ananda ne pratijJA kI thI ki Aja se maiM anya yathika aura unake deva ko caitya, AlApa-saMlApa, dhArmika dRSTi se azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima Adi dene kA kArya nahIM kruuNgaa|' prArambha meM sakaDAlaputra AjIvika siddhAnta kA anuyAyI thaa| usane eka dina dopahara ke samaya maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ke pAsa aMgIkRta dharma zikSA ke anurUpa upAsanA Arambha kI thii| __ anya AgamoM meM bhI AjIvika sampradAya kA varNana prApta hotA hai, sAtha hI kriyAvAdI akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI Adi cAra mithyAdRSTi matoM kA bhI ullekha hai / / aitihAsika va bhaugolika vivaraNa upAsakadazAMga meM ATha nagaroM, teraha upanagaroM, caityoM kA ullekha milatA hai| sAtha hI nagaroM kI bhaugolika sthiti kA bhI varNana prApta hotA hai| nagara-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM campA, vArANasI, vANijyagrAma, AlabhikA, kAmpilyapura, polAsapura, rAjagRha aura zrAvastI ina ATha nagaroM kA varNana milatA hai| 1. caMpA-prathama Ananda adhyayana meM campA nagarI kA ullekha hai, kAmadeva zrAvaka campA nagarI meM nivAsa karatA thaa|' campA sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM meM sammilita thI aura yaha aMga deza kI rAjadhAnI thI / sthAnAMga 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/58 2 vahI, 7/181 3. vahI, 7/185 4. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/12/1 5. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/1, 2/92 6. ka. do enaziyenTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, peja-546-547 kha. jaina, premasumana, kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, pRSTha 64

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218 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana sUtra meM 10 rAjadhAniyoM meM campA kA varNana milatA hai|' caMpA vyApAra kA mukhya kendra thii| vahAM dUra-dUra se vyApArI mAla lekara Ate aura vApasa mAla lekara mithilA Adi ko jAte the| vartamAna meM bhAgalapura se 24 mIla para jo patthara ghATa hai usI ke Asa-pAsa ise mAnA jAtA hai / 2 / 2. vANijyagrAma-Ananda kA nivAsa vANijya grAma meM mAnA gayA hai| yaha vaizAlI ke sannikaTa gaMDakI nadI ke taTa para sthita hai| vartamAna meM isakA nAma bAniyA yA bajiyA gAMva hai, jo Adhunika basAr3ha ke pAsa hai| 3. vArANasI-culanipitA aura surAdeva vArANasI meM nivAsa karate the| yaha gaMgA ke pazcimI taTa para basA huA nagara hai| isake eka ora varuNAnadI tathA dUsarI ora assInAlA bahatA hai, ataH donoM ke bIca meM hone se ise vArANasI kahate haiM / yaha kAzI janapada kI rAjadhAno thI tathA rAjanaitika, vyApArika, bauddhika va dhArmikatA kA kendra thii|" 4. AlabhiyA-cullazataka AlabhiyA nagarI meM nivAsa karatA thaa|' AlabhiyA nagara AlabhiyA janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| yaha zrAvastI se 30 yojana va rAjagRha se 12 yojana dUra hai| kaniGghama tathA hArnale ne isakI pahacAna uttara pradeza ke unnAva jile ke nAvAla evaM nevAla nAmaka sthAna se batAI hai, parantu nandalAla De ke matAnusAra iTAvA se 27 mIla dUra avivA nAmaka sthAna hI AlabhiyA hai| parantu devendra muni ke anusAra mahAvIra ke vivaraNa kSetroM para vicAra karane para uparyukta mata kI puSTi nahIM hotI 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/717 2. uvAsagadasAo -muni madhukara, 1/3 3. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma, pRSTha 388 4. zAstrI, devendramuni-bhagavAna mahAvIraH eka anuzIlana, pariziSTa, pRSTha 80 5. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 3/124, 4/150 6. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma, pRSTha 388 7. jaina, premasumana-kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, pRSTha 71 8. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 5/157 2. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma, pRSTha 387 .

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upAsakadazAMga meM vaNita samAja evaM saMskRti 219 hai| yaha AlabhiyA nagaro unake anusAra prayAga yA magadha meM honI caahie|' 5. kAmpilyapura-kuNDakaulika kAmpilyapura meM nivAsa karatA thaa| mahAbhArata meM kAmpilya kA ullekha AtA hai, yaha usa samaya ke dakSiNa pAMcAla pradeza kA eka nagara thA, jo rAjA vidrupa kA rAjadhAnI thaa|3 jJAtAdharmakathA meM bhI pAMcAla deza ke rAjA drupada ke kAmpilyapura kA varNana hai| isa samaya yaha badAyUevaM pharrukhAbAda ke bIca bUr3hI gaMgA ke kinAre kAmpilya nAma se avasthita hai| 6. polAsapura-sakaDAlaputra polAsapura meM nivAsa karatA thaa|' bhagavAna mahAvIra apane ikkIsavaM cAturmAsa meM yahAM Aye the| pAli sAhitya meM isakA nAma polAsapura milatA hai|" 7. rAjagRha-mahAzataka rAjagRha meM nivAsa karatA thaa| yaha magadha kI rAjadhAnI thii| yahAM rAjA zreNika rAjya karatA thaa| bihAra meM sthita vartamAna rAjagaha prAcInakAla kA rAjagRha hI hai| pAMca pahAr3iyoM se girA hone se use girivraja bhI kahate haiM / AcArya AtmArAma ke matAnusAra rAjagRha bihAra prAnta meM paTanA se pUrva tathA gayA se pUrvottara meM sthita hai| yaha paTanA se 80 mIla aura nAlandA se 8 mIla dUra hai|'' 1. zAstrI, devendramuni-bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana, pariziSTa, pRSTha 40 2. uvAsagadasAo -- muni madhukara, 6/165 3. ka. mahAbhArata-Adiparva, 137/73 kha. udyogaparva, 189/13 ga. zAMtiparva, 139/5 4. NAyAdhammakahAo, 16 5. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 6/165 (vivecana) 6. vahI, 7/180 7. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma, pRSTha 387 8. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 8/231 9. jaina, DaoN0 premasumana-kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, pRSTha 70 10. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-muni AtmArAma, pariziSTa , pRSTha 389

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220 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana 8. zrAvastI-nandinIpitA evaM sAlihIpitA zrAvastI meM rahate the|' yaha kauzala kI rAjadhAnI thii| isakA nAma saheta-maheta hai| saheTa goMDA jile meM hai aura maheTa baharAIca jile meM hai| uttara pUrva relave ke balarAmapura sTezana se jo sar3aka jAtI hai usase yaha dasa mIla dUra hai| 2 yaha jaina aura bauddha saMskRti kA kendra rahA thaa| kezI-gautama saMvAda bhI yahIM para huA thA / yaha cAroM ora se jaMgala se ghirA huA hai / 9. mallaki aura licchivi-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM agnimitrA ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se kahA ki jisa prakAra mallaki aura licchivi muNDita hue haiM, usa prakAra meM hone meM asamartha huuN| ina donoM gaNarAjyoM kA kevala isa taraha ullekha mAtra milatA hai| yahA~ prayukta mallaki-malla saMgha se sambandhitajanoM evaM licchivi-licchivi saMgha se sambandhitajanoM ke liye prayukta haA hai| kalpasUtra meM aise saMghIya samudAyoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai jisameM nau mallaki aura nau licchivi va kAzI, kozala ke 18 gaNarAjyoM kA ullekha AtA hai| upanagara-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM nagara ke bAhara thor3I dUra para upanagara kA bhI varNana prApta hotA hai| vANijyagrAma ke bAhara uttara-pUrva dizA meM kollAka nAmaka upanagara thA / vahA~ kollAka sanniveza meM Ananda gAthApati ke aneka mitra, jJAtijana, nijaka, sambandhI evaM parijana nivAsa karate the / devendra muni zAstro ke anusAra vaizAlI ke nikaTa vartamAna meM vasAr3ha se uttarapazcima meM do mIla kI dUrI para jo kolhuA hai, vahIM prAcIna kollAka sanniveza honA caahie| 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 9/269, 10/273 2. zAstrI, devendramuni-bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana, pariziSTa, pRSTha 84 3. jaina, jagadIzacandra jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 485 4. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara 7/210 5. vahI, 7/210 6. vahI, 1/7-8 7. zAstrI, devendramuni-bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana, (pariziSTha ), pRSTha 49

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upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 221 caitya yA udyAna-nagaroM ke bAhara caityoM aura udyAnoM kA varNana bhI prApta hotA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM ullekha milatA hai ki campAnagarI ke bAhara pUrNabhadracaitya,' vANijyagrAma ke bAhara dUtipalAzacaitya,2 vArANasI aura zrAvastI ke bAhara koSTaka caitya thA / AlabhiyA ke bAhara zaMkhavana, kAmpilyapura tathA polAsapura ke bAhara sahasrAmra vana," rAjagRha ke bAhara guNazIla udyAna thaa|' ina sabhI caityoM, vanoM tathA udyAnoM ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane nivAsa ke rUpa meM kucha samaya ke liye prayakta kiyA thaa| ___ anya AgamoM meM bhI udyAnoM kA varNana milatA hai, jahA~ vyakti utsava Adi para ekatrita hote, ArAma karate evaM krIr3A karate the| sahasraAmravana udyAnoM meM hajAra Ama ke vRkSa hote the|" nagaroM ko basAvaTa aura suvidhA-upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM vibhinna nagaroM kI bhaugolika sthiti kA bhI varNana milatA hai| kollAkasanniveza tikone sthAnoM, tirAhoM, caurAhoM, cabUtaroM se yukta bartana Adi kI dukAnoM se suzobhita aura ramaNIya nagara thaa| AlabhiyA nagarI meM zRgATaka trika, catuSka, catvara, caturmukha, mahApatha Adi kA samAyojana thaa| nagara kI surakSA ke lie zahara koTa kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thA evaM logoM kI suvidhA tathA manoraMjana ke lie jalAzaya, uttamabhavana, krIr3A-vATikA, udyAna, kue~, tAlAba, bAvar3I, jala ke choTe-choTe bA~dha bane hue the| 1. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/1, 2/92 2. vahI, 1/3 3. vahI, 3/124, 4/150, 9/269, 10/273 4. vahI, 5/157 5. vahI, 6/165, 7/180 6. uvAsagadasAo- muni madhukara, 8/231 7. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR0 128-130 8. uvAsagadasAo-muni madhukara, 1/7 9. vahI, 5/159 10. vahI, 1/7

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222 aitihAsika puruSa - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke atirikta unake pramukha gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama, pramukha upAsaka rAjA jitazatru tathA zreNika kA varNana prApta hotA hai | upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana sAtha hI AjIvaka mata ke pramukha gozAlaka kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / tatkAlIna aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para inakA varNana isa prakAra hai : 1. mahAvIra - mahAvIra jainadharma ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara the / inake pitA kA nAma siddhArtha evaM mAtA kA nAma trizalA thA / inhoMne tIsa varSa kI umra meM dIkSA dhAraNa kara sAr3he bAraha varSa kaThora tapArAdhanA kara 'kevala - jJAna' prApta kiyA evaM bahattara varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM mahAvIra ke dasa zrAvakoM kA vistAra se varNana milatA hai / 2. gozAlaka - upAsakadazAMga meM gozAlaka va usake AjIvaka sampradAya kA varNana prApta hotA hai / gozAlaka chadmastha kAla meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ziSya rahA thA / bAda meM mahAvIra kA sAtha chor3akara AjIvaka mata kA tIsarA AcArya bana gayA / " AjIvaka sampradAya ke anuyAyI gozAlaka ko ahaMt, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI va tIrthaMkara kahakara pUjate the / isa sampradAya kA ullekha jaina, brAhmaNa aura azoka ke abhilekhoM meM prApta hai / bhagavatIsUtra ke pandrahaveM adhyayana meM gozAlaka kI jIvanI varNita hai / 3. jitazatru - upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke anusAra vANijyagrAma, campA, vArANasI, AlabhiyA, kAmpilyapura, polAsapura evaM zrAvastI ina sAta nagaroM meM jitazatru rAjA rAjya karatA thA / itihAsa granthoM meM jitazatru nAma ke rAjA kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai / ataH yaha jitazatru nAma vyaktivAcaka na mAnakara vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai / jisakA artha zatruoM ko jItane vAlA kiyA jA sakatA hai / 3 1. bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 15 2. uvAsagadasAo - muni madhukara, 7/181 3. upAsaka dazAMgasUtra -muni AtmArAma, pariziSTa, pRSTha 396

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upAsakadazAMga meM varNita samAja evaM saMskRti 223 upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke anuvAdaka DaoN0 hArnale vANijyagrAma Adi ke rAjA jitazatru evaM navalacchi aura navamalli Adi aThAraha gaNarAjyoM ke svAmI ceTaka ko eka hI vyakti mAnate haiN|' 4. zreNika-upAsakadazAMgasUtra ke anusAra zreNika rAjagRha kA svAmI thaa| ise seniya, bhaMbhasAra, bhibhisAra aura bimbisAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha mahAvIra kA paramabhakta thaa| isake putra kA nAma abhayakumAra thA / vaha kuzAgrapura meM rahatA thA / 2 indrabhUti gautama-bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prathama mukhya ziSya indrabhUti gautama thaa| apanI atizaya vidvattA ke kAraNa gaNadhara bnaa| vaise jaina sAhitya meM gyAraha gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai parantu upAsakadazAMga meM indrabhUti kA hI varNana milatA hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagaha ke pAsa gobaragAMva meM isakA janma haA thaa|' yaha Aja bhI nAlandA kA hI bhAga mAnA jAtA hai| indrabhUti kI mAtA kA nAma pRthvI va pitA kA nAma vasubhUti thaa| gautama inakA gotra thaa| isa prakAra upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM samAja aura saMskRti se sambandhita prAyaH sabhI aMgoM kA kama-jyAdA mAtrA meM varNana huA hai| yadyapi aneka dRSTiyoM se yaha varNana samagra sAmAjika sthiti ko prastuta nahIM karatA, phira bhI dasa zrAvakoM ke varNana meM parivAra evaM samAja se sambandhita bahuta sI bAteM spaSTa ho jAtI haiM, jisake AdhAra para tatkAlIna samAja aura saMskRti kA mUlyAMkana karane meM isase kAphI sahAyatA milatI hai| 1. zAstrI, devendramuni - bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana-vyakti paricaya pRSTha 23 2. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pariziSTa 2, pRSTha 506-8 3. "maghA gubbara-gAme jAyA tinneva goyama saguttA" -Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 643 4. AvazyakamalayagirivRtti, 338

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pariziSTa pAribhASika zabda upAsaka dazAMgasUtra zrAvaka - AcAra kA ekamAtra prAcIna, prAmANika va pratinidhi grantha hai | zrAvaka ke AcAra-vicAra va siddhAntoM ko varNita karane meM aneka aise pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai jinakA artha sAmAnya artha se bhinna hotA hai tathA jo jaina darzana kI saiddhAntika vyAkhyA karane meM sahAyaka hote haiM, aise katipaya pAribhASika zabdoM ko yahAM para prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai tAki unake vAstavika artha ko saralatApUrvaka samajhA jA sake / aNaTThAdaMDa : 1/43 = anarthadaNDa - aise nirarthaka kAryoM ko karanA jo dharma, artha, kAma ke binA hoM use anarthadaNDa kahA gayA hai / umAghAe : 8/241 - amAghAta - - isakA artha jIva hiMsA kA niSedha hai / rAjA dvArA kisI mAMgalika avasara para rAjya meM hiMsA nahIM karane kI ghoSaNA ko amAghAta kahA jAtA hai / arahA : 7/187 = arhat - isakA artha pUjanIya vyakti se hai jo AtmazatruoM ko naSTa kara dene para arihanta ho jAtA hai / alasaa : 8 / 255 - alasaka- peTa yA AmAzaya kA eka prakAra kA roga / asaIjaNaposaNayA : 1/51 = asatI - jana-poSaNa - vyApAra ke nimitta vezyA Adi se deha vyApAra karAnA / AjIvibhavAsa : 7/181 = AjIvikopAsaka - AjIvika nAmaka eka dharma sampradAya kA upAsaka / Aloehi : 3/146 = AlocanA - asAvadhAnI va pramAdavaza sAdhanA meM jo bhUleM ho jAtI haiM, unakI punarAvRtti na kara pUrvakRta bhUloM ke lie liyA jAne vAlA daNDa AlocanA kahalAtA hai /

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pariziSTa 225 iMgAlakammai : 1/51 = aMgArakarma - agni ke saMyoga se kiye jAne vAle ghora hiMsAtmaka kAryaM, jinameM jaMgaloM ko jalAkara koyalA banAnA, IMToM kA bhaTThA lagAnA Adi aMgAra-karma ke antargata Ate haiM / uvasaggA : 2 / 116 = upasarga - dharmArAdhanA karane vAle vyakti ko dharmaMsAdhanA se skhalita karane ke lie manuSya tiryaJca yA deva dvArA diye jAne vAle kaSTa evaM yAtanAoM ko upasagaM kahA jAtA hai / ohi-nANe : 1/74 = avadhijJAna -- Atma-vikAsa ko vaha viziSTa zakti jo tyAga va tapasyA dvArA prApta kI jAtI hai evaM jisase eka nizcita dUrI taka sthita padArthoM ko dekhane va samajhane kA jJAna prApta hotA hai / W kebalI : 7/187 = kevalI - jina mahApuruSoM ko tyAga va tapasyA ke bala para saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kA jJAna ho jAtA ho aise vizuddha jJAna ke dhArI mahApuruSoM ko kevalI kahA jAtA hai / gaNAbhiogeNaM : 1/58 = gaNAbhiyogena - samAja yA paraspara kArya kara rahe vyaktiyoM ke dabAva meM Akara apanI mAnyatA ke viparIta kArya ko karanA | zrAvaka vrata pAlana meM isa kArya ko chUTa ke antargata ginA jAtA hai / gAhAvaI : 1/3 = gAthApati - 'gAhA' kA artha ghara se hai evaM 'vaI' kA artha svAmI se kiyA jAkara gAhA-vaI ina donoM ke mela se gAthApati zabda banA hai / sampanna gRhasvAmI ke lie isa zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / guruniggaheNa : 1/58 = gurunigraheNa - mAtA-pitA, gurujanoM va pUjya vyaktiyoM dvArA anugraha hone para anya mata va sampradAya meM jAnA par3e evaM usa sampradAya kI vahA~ prazaMsA karanI par3e to use gurunigraheNa kahA jAtA hai | zrAvaka vrata pAlana meM isakI chUTa milatI hai / gharasamudANa : 1/77 = gRhasamudAna- yaha sAdhu kI bhikSAcaryA se sambandhita hai / isameM sAdhu pratyeka ghara se yathAyogya vastu grahaNa karatA hai tathA usa samaya mana meM yaha bheda nahIM karatA hai ki amuka ghara se acchI vastu milegI aura amuka se acchI nahIM milegI, arthAt 15

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226 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana pratyeka ghara se binA kisI bhedabhAva ke jo bhI bhikSA prApta ho use samabhAva pUrvaka grahaNa karane ko gRhasamudAna kahA jAtA hai / ceie : 1/10 = caitya-caitya kA artha jinagraha, jinamaMdira, udyAna, bagIcA, vizrAma sthAna, upAzraya Adi se liyA jAtA hai| chaTuM-chaTeNaM : 1/76 = SaSThaSaSThena-yaha eka prakAra kI tapasyA hai, jisameM chaH bhojanoM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| pahale dina sAyaMkAla kA bhojana nahIM karake dUsare va tIsare dina pUrNa upavAsa rakhA jAtA hai tathA cauthe dina kevala prAtaHkAla kA hI bhojana kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra isameM do dina eka-eka samaya kA hI bhojana kiyA jAtA hai aura do dina upavAsa rakhA jAtA hai| aisA tapa gautama svAmo ne kiyA thaa| jiNa : 7/187 = jina-jinhoMne rAga-dveSa ko jIta liyA hai aise sarvajJAna ke dhAraka vyakti ko prAcIna samaya meM 'jina' kahA jAtA thaa| yaha zabda atyanta sammAna kA sacaka thaa| 'jaina' zabda isI 'jina' zabda se banA hai| tacca-kamma-saMpayA-saMpautta : 7/187% tatthakarma-sampadA-samprayakta-mahAvIra ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM ye zabda prayukta haiN| tathyAtmaka karmasampadA se yukta jo tapasyA kI jAtI hai usake lie isa vizeSaNa kA prayoga hotA hai arthAt tapasyA jisa uddezya se kI jAtI tho vaha vAstava meM usI uddezya para pahu~cAne vAlI honI caahie| mahAvIra kI tapasyA isI prakAra kI thii| dhammavijjiyA : 7/227 = dharmavaidyA-dhArmika strI kA eka vizeSaNa / jaise zarIra meM roga utpanna hone para vaidya usakA nidAna karatA hai| usI taraha dharma ke prati yadi udAsInatA va pIr3A AtI hai to use dUra karane meM jo catura ho vaha dharmavaidyA kahalAtI hai| dhamma-sahAiyA : 7/227 = dharmasahAyikA-strI kA vizeSaNa / dharma-kAryoM meM pati kI sahAyatA karane vAlI evaM pati ko protsAhita kara dharma kArya meM pravRtta karane vAlI strI dharma-sahAyikA kahalAtI hai|

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pariziSTa 227 dhammANurAgarattA : 7/227 = dharmAnurAgaraktA - strI kA vizeSaNa / dharma meM anurAga va zraddhA rakhane vAlI, jisake Antarika va bAhya jIvana meM dharma kA raMga car3hA ho / niyattaNa : 1 / 19 = nivartana - prAcIna kAla meM bhUmi ke eka vizeSa mApa ke artha meM prayukta hone vAlA zabda / bosa bAMsa yA do sau hAtha lambI-caur3I bhUmi ko 'nivartana kahate haiM / paDimaM : 1 / 71 = pratimA - pratimA eka viziSTa dhArmika tapa kI kriyA kA nAma hai / yaha eka taraha kA vrata yA abhigraha hai isameM AtmA kI zuddhi ke lie dhArmika kriyAoM kA vizeSa prakAra se anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai / pratimAe~ kula gyAraha taraha kI hotI haiM aura pratyeka pratimA meM kisI eka dhArmika kriyA ko lakSya meM rakhakara sampUrNa samaya usI kriyA ke sandarbha meM cintana, manana, anuSThAna va sAdhanA meM lagAyA jAtA hai / palio mAI : 1/62 = palyopama - eka dIrghakAla kI sImA kA dyotaka hai / jaina gaNanA kAla kI kAlAvadhi meM isakA prayoga hotA hai / pADihArieNaM : 7 / 187 = prAtihArika - gRhasthoM ke yahA~ se lI huI sAdhusAdhviyoM ke kAma meM AnI vAlI vastue~, jinheM kAma ho jAne para vApasa lauTA dI jAtI hai prAtihArika kahI jAtI hai / ye cAra haiM- pITha, phalaga, zayyA, saMstAraka / posahasAlaM : 1 / 69 - pauSadhazAlA - dharmasthAna jahA~ vyakti dharmArAdhanA karatA hai / aisA sthAna kevala dharmArAdhanA ke lie hI nirmita kiyA jAtA hai / w phoDI kamme : 1/51 = sphoTIkarma - khAna khodanA, kueM khudavAnA Adi kArya sphoTana karma hai | balAbhiogeNaM : 1/58 = balAbhiyogena - senA yA balazAlI puruSoM ke dabAva meM Akara unakI AjJAnusAra kArya karanA / zrAvaka vratapAlana meM isakI chUTa rahatI hai /

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228 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana mahAgove :7/218 = mahAgopa-yaha mahAvIra ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai jaise gvAlA gAyoM kI dekhabhAla va surakSA karatA hai, vaise hI mahAvIra loka kalyANa va jana-jana kI surakSA hetu upadeza dete the| mahAdhammakahI : 7/218 = mahAdharmakathI = mahAvIra kA vizeSaNa / saMsAra cakra meM bhaTakate hue vyaktiyoM kI vividha dRSTAntoM va AkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se dharma kA sAra batAne ke kAraNa mahAvIra ko mahA dharmakatho kahA hai| mahAnijjAmae : 7/218 = mahAniryAmaka-mahAvIra kA eka vizeSaNa / niryAmaka kA artha hai pAra utArane vaalaa| mahAvIra saMsArarUpI samudra meM DUba rahe vyaktiyoM ko dharmarUpI naukA se pAra utArate haiM, ataH mahAvIra mahAniryAmaka the| mahAmAhaNa : 7/187 = mahAmAhaNa-zAbdika dRSTi se 'mahA' kA artha mahAna se hai va 'mAhana' kA artha brAhmaNa se hai| aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki "maiM kisI ko nahIM mArUM" aura tadanurUpa vaha kisI ko nahIM mAratA hai aura janatA ko bhI nahIM mArane kA upadeza detA hai, aisA vyakti mAhaNa va mahAn arthAt mahAmAhaNa kahalAtA hai| mahAsatthavAha : 7/218 = mahAsArthavAha-mahAvIra kA vishessnn| dUra-dUra taka lambI-lambI yAtrAyeM karane va karAne vAle saMcAlaka ko sArthavAha kahA jAtA hai| meDhI : 1/5 = meDhI-'medI' zabda lakar3I ke usa khambhe se hai jise khetoM ke bIcoMbIca gAr3akara usase bailoM ko bAMdhakara anAja nikAlane ke lie unheM ghumAyA jAtA hai, usI ke sahAre baila gatizIla rahate haiM / Ananda bhI meDhI ke samAna kendra-bindu kI taraha ghara meM rahatA thaa| rayaNappabhA : 1/74 = ratnaprabhA-adholoka kI prathama naraka kA nAma / isameM nArakIya jIva nivAsa karate haiN|

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pariziSTa 229 rasavANijje : 1 / 151 = rasavANijya - madirA yA anya mAdaka dravyoM ke vyApAra ko rasavANijya kahA jAtA hai / = rAyAbhiogeNaM : 1/58 - rAjAbhiyogena -rAjA yA svAmI dvArA dabAva ke kAraNa anya mata va sampradAya ke logoM ke sAtha saMbhASaNa karanA / zrAvaka vrata meM isakI chUTa rahatI hai / lavaNa samudde : 1/74 = lavaNasamudra - jaina bhUgola kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai jisake anusAra ar3hAI dvIpa ke madhya meM jambU dvIpa hai, usake cAroM ora lavaNasamudra sthita hai / vajja-risaha - nArAya - saMghayaNe : 1/76 = vrajaRSabha nArAca saMhanana = zarIra ke aMgoM ke saMgaThana ko saMhanana kahA gayA hai / zarIra zAstra ke itihAsa meM yaha saMhanana chaH prakAra kA hotA hai, jisameM zArIfre saMdhiyoM kI banAvaTa kA varNana hai / isa taraha jo saMhanana vrajaRSabhanArAca se yukta ho vaha uttama mAnA gayA hai / yaha saMhanana tIrthaMkara, cakravartI Adi mahApuruSoM ke hI hotA hai / vaNakamme : 1/51 = vanakarma - vanoM kI lakar3I kATanA va becanA, harI vanaspatiyoM kA chedana karanA arthAt trasajIva virAdhanA ke kArya karanA / vaya : 8/232 = vraja -- gAyoM kA samUha / isI kA paryAyavAcI gokula hai / eka gokula meM dasa hajAra pazu hote haiM / vittikaMtAreNaM : 1/58 = vRttikAntareNa - AjIvikA calAne meM kaThinAI hone para AzritoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa ke lie anya mana va saMpradAya meM jAnA vRttikAntareNa kahA jAtA hai / zrAvaka vrata pAlana meM isase chUTa dI gaI hai / visavANijje : 1/51 = viSavANijya - jaharIle padArthoM ke vyApAra ko, jisameM kor3e, cUhe Adi mArane kI davA, jahara, astra-zastra Adi sammilita hai, ko viSavANijya kahA hai / sacittAhAre : 1/51 = sacitta AhAra - vinA pakAI huI sabjI Adi ko khAnA sacitta AhAra hai / sacitta kA zAbdika artha prANayukta ( harI sabjI se hai /

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230 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana samacauraMsa-saMThANa-saMThie : 1/76 - samacatusrasaMsthAna saMsthita:-yaha zabda zarIra kI AkRti se sambandhita hai, jisameM samasta zarIra ke aMgoM kA eka dUsare ke anurUpa va sundara hotA hai| sama-suhadukkhasahAiyA : 7/227 = samasukha duHkha sahAyikA-strI kA vize SaNa / apane pati ke sukha-duHkha meM hissA ba~TAkara use sahayoga karane vAlI strI ke lie isa vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA sammatta : 1/44 = samyaktva-yathArtha rUpa se jAne gaye jIva, ajIva. puNya, pApa, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha va mokSa kA nAma hI samyaktva hai| samosarie : 1/2 = samavasRtaH-tIrthaMkara Adi mahApuruSoM kI sabhAoM, samitiyoM, pariSadoM ko samavasaraNa (samavasRtaH) kahA jAtA hai| jahA~ sAmUhika rUpa se janatA upadezo ke lie ekatrita hotI thii| sahassapAgehiM : 1/25 = sahasrapAka-eka vizeSa prakAra kA tela, jisameM sau padArthoM ko sau bAra pakAyA jAtA ho aura jisakA mUlya sau kArSApaNa ho / kArSApaNa se tAtparya usa samaya kI pracalita mudrA se hai| sADIkamme : 1/51 = zakaTakarma-vAhana Adi ke vyApAra karane ko zakaTa karma kahA jAtA hai arthAt vAhanoM ko kharodanA va becanA zakaTa karma hai| sohamma : 1/74 = saudharma-Urdhva loka, prathama devaloka saudharma kahalAtA

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI khaNDa 'ka' - upAsaka dazAMgasUtra ( mUlagrantha ) 1. uvAsagadasAo - (saM0) madhukara muni : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 2037 2. upAsaka dazAMgasUtra - (saM0) ghAsIlAla jI ma0 sA0 : zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jainasaMgha, karAMcI, 1993 3. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - (saM0), sAdhvI urvazI : prema jinAgama prakAzana samiti, bambaI, 2031 4. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda 5. upAsakadazAMgasUtra-- amolaka RSi : sikandarAbAda jaina saMgha, haidarAbAda, 1972 6. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - pI0 ela0 vaidya, pUnA, 1987 7. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - ( saM 0 ) AtmArAma jI ma0 sA0 : AcArya zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, 2021 8. upAsakadazAMgasUtra--(saM0) ghosulAla pitaliyA : a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, 2034 9. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - ( aMgrejI) hAnale baMgAla eziyATika sosAyaTI, kalakattA, 1947 10. uvAsagadasAo---zro abhayadeva TokAnuvAda yuktaH paM0 bhagavAnadAsa harSacandra, jainAnanda pustakAlaya gopIpurA, sUrata, 1992 11. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - (TIkA) A0 abhayadeva : P bahAdUra, ajImagaMja, 1933 rAya dhanapata siMha

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ma prakAzana 232 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana khaNDa 'kha'-sahAyaka granthoM kI sUco ( prAcIna ) 1. aMgasuttANi-pupphabhikkhu : sUtrAgama prakAzana samiti, gur3agAMva, 2010 2. aMgasuttANi-(bhAga 3) muni nathamala : jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 2031 3. aMgapaviTTha suttANi-ratanalAla Doso, pArasamala caNDAliyA : a0 bhA0 sA0 jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, 2039 4. anagAra dharmAmRta--paM0 AzAdhara : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, 2034 5. anuyogadvArasUtra -(TIkA) haribhadra : ratalAma, 1985 6 anuyogadvArasUtra -amolakaRSi : sukhadeva sahAya, jvAlAprasAda jauharI, haidarAbAda, vIra saM0 2446 7. amitagatizrAvakAcAra-A0 amitagati 8. arthAgame -pupphabhikkhu : sUtrAgama prakAzana samiti, gur3agA~va 2028 9. AcAradasA -muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' : Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sAMDerAva (rAja.), 2033 10. AcArAMgasUtra -zIlAMkaTIkA-dhanapata siMha, kalakattA, 1936 11. AcArAMgasUtra -madhukara muni : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti,vyAvara 12. AvazyakaTIkA -haribhadra : Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1916 13.AvazyakasUtra -paM0 pAsolAla : jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa (saurASTra), 2014 14. Avazyaka (niyukti)-malayagiri kRtaTokA : Agamodaya samiti bambaI, 2085-93 15. uttarAdhyayanasUtra -paM0 ghevaracanda bAMThiyA : a0 bhA0 sA0 jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (ma0 pra0), 2031

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI 16. upAsakAdhyayana -(somadevasUri) (saM0) zAstrI, kailAzacandra : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 2021 17. aupapAtikasUtra -muni ghAsIlAla : zrI a0 bhA0 zvetAmbara jena zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 2015 18. kalpasUtra -(TIkA) samayasundara gaNi, bambaI, 1939 19. kappasutta -muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' : Agama anuyoga prakAzana -sAMDerAva, 2034 20. kaSAyapAhuDa-jayadhavalA TIkA 21. kArtikeyAnuprekSA-upAdhye, e. ena. : zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa 22. cAritrapAhuDa--A. kundakunda : zrI seThI digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 2027 23. cAritrasAra-cAmuNDAcArya-mA. di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1977 24. tattvArthasUtra-zAstrI, kailAzacandra : bhA. di. jainasaMgha caurAsI, mathurA, 2007 25. tattvArthasUtra-saMghavI, sukhalAla : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 2031 26. titthogAli-zvetAmbara jainasaMgha, jAlora 27. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritta-hemacandrAcArya : jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1961-64 28. dasavaikAlika-(saM0) A. tulasI; jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 29. dazavaikAlikasUtra-zayyaMbhavasUri : zrIgaNeza smRti granthamAlA, bIkAnera 30. nandIsUtra-saM0 madhukara muni : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara

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234 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana 31. niyamasAra - kundakunda, saM0 parameSThIdAsa : zrI kundakundAcAryaM digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa, jayapura, 2041 33. paJcAstikAya - A. kundakunda : zrI parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 2025 34. padmapurANa - raviSeNAcArya : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 2016 35. padmapurANa - jaina, pannAlAla : bhAratIya jJAnapITha dillI, 2033 36. pariziSTaparvam - A0 hemacandra 37. puruSArthasiddhayupAya - saM0 premI, nAthUrAma : zrI parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa 38. puruSArthasiddhayupAya - amRtacanda, ToDaramala smAraka banArasa, 2034 39. praznavyAkaraNa -- TIkA abhayadeva : Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1919 40. prabhAvakacaritra - prabhAcandrAcArya : siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda bhavana TrasTa, 41. pramANanayatattvAloka - zrI vAdideva sUri : ambAlipola jaina upAzraya kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 2026 42. prajJApanA ( vRtti ) - malayagirI : Agamodaya samiti mehasAnA, 1975 43. prAkRta pAThamAlA - muni nAgacandra : zrI gaNeza smRti granthamAlA, bIkAnera, 2031 44. prAkRta vyAkaraNa : bhAga 1, 2 (hemacandra ), saM0 pyAracandrajI : zrI jaina divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, byAvara, 2020 45. prAkRta vyAkaraNa - vaidya, pI. ela. : bambaI saMskRta eNDa prAkRta siroja 2015

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI 46. bhagavatIArAdhanA - (vijayATIkA zivArya) saM0 zAstrI, kailAzacandra : jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 2035 47. bhagavatIsUtra - (TIkA) abhayadeva : Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1921 ratalAma, 1937 48. bhAvasaMgraha -- devasena sUri : mA. di. jaina granthamAlA bambaI, 1978 49. mahApurANa - jinasenAcArya : bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 2008 50. mahApurANa - (saM0) vaidya, pI. ela. : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 2036 51. mUlAcAra 1, 2 - baTTakera : bhA. di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1977-80 52. mUlAcAra - baTTakera : bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 2041 53. yogazAstra - hemacandra : zrI RSabhacandra jauharI, kizanalAla jaina, dillI 2020 54. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra - samantabhadrAcArya : zrI zrutasAgara va grantha prakAzana samiti, phalaTaNa, 2011 55. ratnAkarAvatArikA - mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha : lA0 saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda 56. vasunandizrAvakAcAra - A0 vasunandi : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 2009 57. vipAkasUtra - ( TokA) abhayadeva : 335 baDaudA, 1922 58. vizeSAvazyakabhASyam - hemacandra sUri : divyadarzana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 2019 da0 bhAratIya

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236 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana 59. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-maladhArI hemacandra kRta TIkA sahita : yazo vijaya jaina granthamAlA, banArasa, 1957, 71 60. vyAkhyAprajJapti-(saM0 ) madhukara muni : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 61, bRhatkalpa-( niyukti, bhASya, TIkA ) (saM0) muni caturvijaya puNyavijaya : jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1990-98 61. zAstravArtAsamuccaya-haribhadrasUriH,jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1964 62. zrAvakaprajJapti-( haribhadrasUri ) (saM0) zAstrI, bAlacandra : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI, 2038 63. zrAvakaprajJapti-( umAsvAti ) muni rAjendra vijaya : saMskAra sAhitya sadana, DIsA, 2028 64. zrAvakAcArasaMgraha-hIrAlAla siddhAntAlaMkAra : zrI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, zolApura, bhAga 1,2,3,4,5 kramazaH 2033,34,35,36 65. sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra-paM0 khUbacanda : paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1989 66. samavAyAMga-(saM0) muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' : Agama anuyoga prakAzana samiti, sAMDerAva, 2023 67. samavAyAMgasUtra-(saM0 ) madhukara muni : jainAgama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 68. sarvArthasiddhi-pUjyapAda : zruta bhaNDAra va grantha prakAzana samiti ___ phalaTaNa, 2011 69. sAgAradharmAmRta-paM0 AzAdhara : mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA samiti bambaI, 1972 70. sAgAradharmAmRta-paM0 AzAdhara : sarasa jaina grantha bhaNDAra, jabalapura, 2012 .

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237 sandarbha grantha-sUcI 71. sAgAradharmAmRta-zAstrI, kailAzacandra : bhAratIya jJAnapITha dillI, 2000 72. suttAgame-bhAga 1, 2 pupphabhikkhu : zrI sUtrAgama prakAzana samiti guDagA~va, 2011 73. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-paM0 umezacandra 'aNu', a0 bhA0 sA0 jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, 2013 74, sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-(saM0 ) madhukara muni : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara 75. sthAnAMgasUtra- ( saM0 ) madhukara muni : zrI jainAgama prakAzana samiti byAvara, 2038 76. syAdvAdamaMjarI-agaracanda bhairodAna seThiyA, jainazAstrabhaNDAra, bIkAnera 77. harivaMzapurANa-jinasenAcArya : bhAratIya jJAnapITha-kAzI, 2019 78. jJAtAdharmakathA-( TIkA ) abhayadeva : Agamodaya samiti-bambaI, 1919 khaNDa 'ga' sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI 1. AcArya javAhara-gRhasthadharma : zrI a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha bIkAnera 2. ojhA, gau0 hI-bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, 1975 3. kalaghaTagI, ke0 sI-jaina vyU oNpha lAipha : jaina saMskRti rakSa saMgha, zolApura, 2026 4. kApaDiyA, eca0 Ara0-e hisTrI oNpha dI kenonikala liTrecara oNpha jainsa, 5, jaina, udayacandra-hemaprAkRta vyAkaraNa zikSaka : rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna-jayapura, 2040

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218 upAsakadazAMga : eka parizIlana 6. jaina, komalacanda-prAkRta pravezikA : tArA pablikezansa-vArANasI, 2036 7. jaina, gokulacanda-yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana : sohana lAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti-amRtasara, 2024 8. jaina, jagadIzacandra-jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja : _caukhambA vidyAbhavana-vArANasI, 2022 / 9. jaina, jagadIzacandra-prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 2017 10. jaina, premasumana-kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana : prAkRta jaina zAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI, 2032 11. jaina, premasumana-prAkRta svayaM-zikSaka : rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura 2035 12. jaina, premasumana - prAkRta kAvya-saurabha : tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 2031 13. jaina, bhAgacanda-jainijma ina buddhijma liTarecara 14. jaina, vimalaprakAza-jaMbUsAmicariu : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 2025 15. jaina, sAgaramala-jaina bauddha va gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanA tmaka adhyayana : prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna,jayapura, 2039 16. jaina, sudarzanalAla-uttarAdhyayana : eka parizIlana : sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 2037 17. jaina, hIrAlAla-bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna : madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, 2032 18. dozI, becaradAsa--jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI, 2022

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI 239 19. dozI, becaradAsa - prAkRta mArgopadezikA : motIlAla banArasIdAsa dillI, 2025 20. nAhaTA, agaracanda bhaMvaralAla -- vividhatIrthaMkalpa : zrI jaina zve0 nAkoDA pArzvanAtha tIrtha - - bAlotarA, 2035 21. pizola, Ara0 - prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa : bihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad, paTanA, 2015 22. puSkara muni - - zrAvaka dharma-darzana : zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 2035 23 bhArilla, zobhAcandra - pramANanayatattvAloka : AtmajAgRti kAryAlaya byAvara, 1999 24. bhArilla, zobhAcandra - gRhastha dharma : zrI a0 bhA0 sA0 janasaMgha bIkAnera, 2033 25. bhArilla, hukamacanda - dharma ke dasalakSaNa : TrasTa, jayapura, 2040 26. mahAsatI ujjavala kuMvara - zrAvaka-dharma : sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 2011 paM0 ToDaramala smAraka 27. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha - jaina darzana kA AdikAla : ela0 DI0 iMsTITyUTa oNpha iNDolojI, ahamadAbAda, 2037 28. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha - Agama yuga kA jainadarzana-sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA 29. muni dulaharAja, zAstrI chagana lAla, jaina, premasumana - saMskRta prAkRta jaina vyAkaraNa va koza kI paramparA : zrI kAlugaNI janma-zatAbdI samAroha samiti, chApara, 2033 30. muni, nagarAja - aNuvrata jIvanadarzana : aNuvrata samiti, dillI, 2017 31. muni, nagarAja - Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana : jaina zvetAmbara terApanthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 2027

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upAsakadazAMga : eka parizolana 32. muni, nAgarAja-jainAgama digdarzana : rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna-jayapura 33. muni, nathamala-jaina darzana, manana aura mImAMsA : Adarza sAhitya saMgha -curu, 2034 34. muni, puNyavijaya-kaiTaloga oNpha gujarAtI mainyuskripTsa : ela0 DI0 insTITyUTa oNpha iNDolojI, ahamadAbAda 2036 35. muni, puNyavijaya-kaiTaloga oNpha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta menyuskripTsa jaisalamera kaiTaloga : ela0 DI0 iMnsTITyUTa oNpha iNDolojI, ahamadAbAda, 2029 36. muni, kanhaiyAlAla-jainAgama nirdezikA : Agama anuyogaprakAzana, dillI 2023 37. mehatA, mohanalAla-jaina darzana : sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 2015 38. mehatA, mohanalAla-jaina AcAra : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 2017 39. zAstrI, devendramuni-bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana : tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 2031 40. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa : tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura 41. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa : tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 2032 42. zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA : tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya-udayapura, 2034 43. zAstrI nemicandra-abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa : tArA pablikezansa vArANasI, 2020 44. zAstrI nemicandra-prAkRtabhASA va sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : tArApablikezansa-vArANasI, 2023

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI 241 45. zAstrI,nemicandra-AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata :zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA-assI-vArANasI, 2025 46. sAdhvI, saMghamitrA-jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya : jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 2036 47. sogAnI, ke. sI.-Ithikala DAkTrinsa oNpha jainijma : jaina saMskRti surakSA saMgha, zaulApura, 2024 / / 48. sinhA, vaziSThanArAyaNa-jana dharma meM ahiMsA : sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 2039 49. sodhiyA, darayAvasiMha-zrAvaka dharmasaMhitA : vora sevA maMdira dillI, 2032 khaNDa (gha)--smRtigrantha : abhinandana grantha 1. ambAlAla jI ma. sA. abhinandana grantha-(saM0) muni saubhAgya : zrI ambAlAla jI abhinandana grantha prakAzana samiti, AmeTa 1976 2. kamala sammAna-saurabha-(saM0) muni vijaya : zrI vardhamAna mahAvIra kendra, Abu parvata, 1984 3. kezarImala surANA abhinandana grantha-(saM0) DaoN. deva koThArI: zrI kesarImala surANA abhinandana grantha prakAzana samiti, rANAvAsa, 1982 4. divAkara abhinandana grantha-(saM0) zobhAcandra bhArilla : jainodaya __pustaka prakAzana samiti, ratalAma, 1948 khaNDa (Ga)-koza-prantha 1. abhidhAna rAjendra-(sAta khaNDa) zrI vijaya rAjendra sUri jI, ratalAma 2. arddhamAgadhIkoza-(bhAga) 1 se 5 (saM0) muni ratnacandra jI ma. sA. : resIDanTa janarala sekreTarIja, bambaI 1930

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242 upAsaka dazAMga : eka parizIlana 3. amarakoza - (bhAga 3) vizvanAtha jhA : motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 2037 4. Agamazabdakoza - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa : jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU 1980 5. ekArthaMka- koza - (saM0) yuvAcArya mahAprajJa : lADanU~, 1984 6. jaina siddhAntakoSa - (saM0) jainendravarNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 7, jaina lakSaNAvalI - (bhAga 1, 2, 3) saM0 - bAlacanda siddhAntazAstrI : vIra sevA maMdira, dillI 1979 jaina vizva bhAratI, 8. nAlandA vizAla zabda sAgara - - (saM0) navalajI : Adarza buka Dipo, dillI 9. nirukta koza - (saM0) yuvAcArya mahAprajJa : jena vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 1984 * 10. pAia sada- mahaNNavo-paM0 haragovinda dAsa seTha : prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI 1963 11. saMskRta iMgliza DikzanarI - moniyara vilsana : muMzIrAma manoharalAla prakAza prAiveTa limiTeDa, dillI, 1981 khaNDa 'ya' zodha patra-patrikAe~ 1. amara bhAratI - (mAsika) : sanmati jJAnapITha, 2. anekAnta - (traimAsika) : vora sevA maMdira, dillI 3. jinavANI - (mAsika) : samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura 4. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara - (chaH mAhI) : zrI devakumAra jaina oriyaNTala risarca insTITyUTa - ArA, bihAra 5. jaina jarnala - ( agrejI) : jaina bhavana prakAzana, kalakattA AgarA - 1

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI 243 6. titthayara-(mAsika) : jaina bhavana, kalakattA 7. tIrthaMkara-(mAsika) hIrA bhaiyyA prakAzana, indaura (ma0 pra0) 8. tulasI-prajJA-(traimAsika) : jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 9. parAmarza-(traimAsika) : puNe vizvavidyAlaya, puNe 10. zramaNa-(mAsika) : pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama, banArasa-5 11. zramaNopAsaka-(pAkSika) : zrI a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera 12. saMskRti - (traimAsika) : zikSA evaM saMskRti maMtrAlaya, dillI 13. sambodhi-ela0 DI0 insTITyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, ahamadAbAda - - -

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saMsthAna-paricaya Agama-ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna AcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI ma0 sA0 ke 1981 ke udayapura varSAvAsa kI smRti meM janavarI 1983 meM sthApita kiyA gyaa| saMsthAna kA mukhya uddezya jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta ke vidvAn taiyAra karanA, aprakAzita jaina sAhitya kA prakAzana karanA jaina vidyA meM ruci rakhane vAle vidyArthiyoM ko adhyayana kI suvidhA pradAna karanA, jaina saMskRti kI surakSA ke lie jaina AcAra darzana aura itihAsa para vaijJAnika saMskaraNa taiyAra kara prakAzita karavAnA evaM jaina vidyA-prasAra kI dRSTi se saMgoSThiyAM, bhASaNa, samAroha Ayojita karanA hai| saMsthAna rAjasthAna sosAyaTIja ekTa 1958 ke antargata rajisTarDa hai evaM saMsthAna ko anudAna rUpa meM dI gayI dhanarAzi para Ayakara adhiniyama kI dhArA 80 (G) aura 12 (A) ke antargata chUTa prApta hai| jaina dharma aura saMskRti ke isa punIta kArya meM Apa ima prakAra sahabhAgI bana sakate hai : (1) vyakti yA saMsthA eka lAkha rupayA yA isase adhika dekara parama saMrakSaka sadasya bana sakate haiN| aise sadasyoM kA nAma anudAna tithikrama se saMsthAna ke leTarapeDa para darzAyA jAtA hai| (2) 51,000 rupayA dekara saMrakSaka sadasya bana sakate haiN| (3) 25000 rupayA dekara hitaiSI sadasya bana sakate haiN| (4) 11000 rupayA dekara sahAyaka sadasya bana sakate haiN| (5) 1000 rupayA dekara sAdhAraNa sadasya bana sakate haiN| (6) saMgha, TrasTa, borDa, sosAyaTI Adi jo saMsthA eka sAtha 20,000 rupaye kA anudAna pradAna karatI hai vaha saMsthAna pariSada kI saMsthA sadasya hogii| (7) apane bujurgoM kI smRti meM bhavana-nirmANa hetu va anya Avazyaka yaMtrAdi hetu anudAna dekara Apa isakI sahAyatA kara sakate haiN| (8) apane ghara para par3I prAcIna pAMDulipiyAM, Agama-sAhitya va anya upayogI sAhitya ko pradAna kara sakate haiN| ApakA yaha sahayoga jJAna-sAdhanA ke ratha ko pragati ke patha para agrasara kregaa| Jain, Education International www.jainelibrine