Jainendra Vyaktitva aur Krutitva

Author(s): Satyaprakash Milind
Publisher: Surya Prakashan Delhi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010371/1

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TEXT FLY WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY

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UNIVERSAL LIBRARY OU_176661 LIBRARY UNIVERSAL

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Osmania University Library Call No. H 928 Accession No. H3712 Author M6HJ Title This book should be returned on or before the date last marked below.

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva sampAdaka satyaprakAza milinda sUrya-prakAzana, naI sar3aka, dillii|

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prakAzaka : sUrya-prakAzana, naI sar3aka, dillI / mudraka : zivajI mudraNAlaya, kinArI bAjAra, dillI / pRSTha saMkhyA : 256 +1=272 prathama saMskaraNa : vasanta-paMcamI, 1663. mUlya : sAta rupaye mAtra

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'lekha aura lekhaka (1) janendra jI se sAnidhya ... ... -DAkTara vRndAvanalAla varmA (2) janendra jI kA sAdhuvAda -zrI zAntipriya dvivedI (3) durlabha vyaktitva -zrI siyArAmazaraNa gupta (6) jIvana ke eka viziSTa kalAkAra ... -rAjA rAdhikAramaNaprasAda siMha (5) bAla jainendra -mahAtmA bhagavAna dIna (6) barapha se DhakI eka jhIla : eka sAhityakAra -zrI himAMzu jozI 7) jainendrakumAra : vyaktitva varzana ... / -DAkTara rAjezvara guru upanyAsakAra -pro0 prakAzacandra gupta (E) 'tyAgapatra' aura 'nArI' -prAcArya DAkTara nagendra 10) jainendra jI kA jayavardhana -DAkTara prabhAkara mAcave

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(11) janemna kumAra -prAcArya nandadulAre vAjapeyI (12) jainendra kA dvirAgamana' -~-zrImatI rajanI panikara (13) jainendra ke svatantratA-pUrva ke upanyAsa -zrI pRthvInAtha zarmA (14) jainendra ke upanyAsa-sAhitya meM zilpa rUpa ... -DAkTara pratApanArAyaNa TaMDana (15) jainendra jI ke nArI pAtroM ko manovaijJAnika pRSThabhUmi ... -DAkTara mukundadeva zarmA (16) yathArtha aura upanyAsakAra jainendra kumAra ~-DAkTara tribhuvanasiMha (16) jainendra ke upanyAsoM kA mUla svara .... __--DAkTara raNavIra rAMgA (TE) upanyAsakAra jainendra ---kumArI vINA seTha Art) kahAnIkAra jainendra -DAkTara rAmacaraNa mahendra (20) jainendra jI ke kathA-sAhitya meM nArI-bhAvanA ... -zrImatI mohinI probarAya (21) jainendra jI kI nibandha-zailI ... -DAkTara surezacandra gupta (22) jainendra ko dArzanika vicAraNA ... -zrI vIrendrakumAra gupta

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( 5 ) (23) 'bhAI sAhaba' aura maiM -zrI satyaprakAza miliMda (24) upanyAsakAra janendra : punarmUlyAMkana -zrI rAmaratana bhaTanAgara, ema0 e0 (25) jainendrakumAra : eka mUlyAMkana ... ___ --zrI mahAvIra adhikArI 16) janendrakumAra kA kathA-sAhitya ___--zrI siyArAmazaraNaprasAda ... ... --zrI siddhezvaraprasAda (28) janendra jI ke sAhitya-siddhAMta - zrI ramezacanda gupta ema0 e0 (26) praznAnta, sukhAnta, dukhAnta se nirveda : janendra ... - zrI bAlamukunda mizra (30) jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa --~-zrI rAmaniraMjana 'paramalendu' ke upanyAsa

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priya milinda jI, Apane jainendra para pustaka taiyAra kI hai aura AjJA huI hai ki maiM bhI kucha kahU~ / kyA kahU~ ? lekhaka maiM kisI vicAra yA cunAva se nahIM banA / zrasala meM jisa meM kiyA dharA jAtA hai usa duniyA ke maiM sarvathA prayogya siddha ho cukA thA / isa taraha karma zraura ghaTanA ke jagat para merI koI pakar3a nahIM thI / aba taka bhI vaisI pakar3a ho pAI hai, isameM sandeha hai| kAma kA jo prAdamI nahIM hogA, usake bhAgya meM zAyada yahI hai ki vaha khyAla kA raha jAye / mere sAtha aisA hI saMyoga ghaTita huA / likhanA kisI jAnakArI meM se nahIM prAraMbha huA, balki khAma khyAlI meM se jabaradastI zurU ho baitthaa| hindI sAhitya meM merA praveza anadhikRta aura sarvathA sAMyogika thA / mujhe khuda isakI kalpanA bhI na thI aura prArambha zrA gayA taba bhI patA na thA / kucha aisA lagatA hai ki truTi hI prAge jAkara merI vizeSatA mAnI jAne lagI / kAryajagat meM jo anadhikAra thA, zAyada kAraNa jagat meM utarane para vahI adhikAra samabhA jAne lagA / samAja haTakara vyakti zraura bhautika haTakara mAnasika yadi mere likhane meM adhika zrAyA ho to isakA kAraNa merI yahI asamarthatA thI / bIca meM dina zrAye ki lambe kAla taka kucha nahIM bhI likhA / yAnI apanI lekhanI ke prati merA dhyAna paryApta nahIM rahA / usa rUpa meM kisI dAyitva ko bhI maiMne apane Upara anubhava nahI kiyA hai| pariNAma usakA iSTAniSTa jo bhI huA ho, lekina aisA lagatA hai| ki jisa niyati meM baMdhA thA usase anyathA aura anaMta meM kucha kara nahIM sakatA / zrApa ke prati maiM aura kyA kaha sakatA hU~ ? itanA hI hai ki jisane apane lekha meM jo bhI kahA ho, apanI dRSTi ke zrAdhAra para hI kahA hogA / zreya bhI diyA jA sakatA hai, usI bhA~ti prazreya bhI diyA jA sakatA hai| aura vaha saba hI sI hai / lekina zrApane yaha kaSTa kyoM uThAyA aura likhane vAloM ne likhane meM samaya kyoM ga~vAyA, maiM ThIka samajha pAtA nahIM hU~ / isalie yaha bhI patA nahIM ki mujhe apane ko usa sabake lie kRtaja mAnanA cAhie yA kyA ? jo ho zrApa apane prayatna meM jisa mAtrA taka saphala ho sake haiM, usa taka zrApa santuSTa bhI hoMge aura apanI ora dekhate hue maiM Apake santoSa para IrSyA avazya kara sakatA hU~ / 18-12-62 ApakA sasneha, jainendra kumAra /

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sampAdakIya jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva "cintana aura kriyAzIlatA, donoM ke darzana yadi eka vyakti meM karane haiM, to zrApa jainendra jI se miliye / " mere ye zabda sunakara bAhara se prAye mere eka paricita bahuta hI cauMke aura lage kahane - "vAha milinda jI, grApa bhI khUba kahate haiM / bahate pAnI meM to jindagI hotI bhI hai| barasoM taka mauna baiTha rahe jainendra jI ke sAhitya meM Apa preraNA aura protsAhana DhUMr3hane kI bAta karate haiM ? yaha bhI eka hI rahI / " usI samaya mujhe yAda AyA ki eka bAra eka sAhityakAra mitra ne bhI, jinakA jainendra jI se khAsA sambandha raha cukA thA, unake bAre meM mujhe apane eka patra meM likhA thA, "jainendra jI ke sAhitya se adhika mujhe unake vyakti para kahanA hai, para usa kahane meM kheda hai. miThAma nahIM lekina dUsarI zrora mere kAnoM meM DAkTara devarAja ke ye zabda barAbara raha rahakara gUMjate haiM ki, 'jainendra kI pratibhA pratidvandvinI hai / bauddhika gahanatA aura naitika mUkSma vizleSaraNa meM, zAyada, hamAre deza kA koI upanyAsakAra unakI samatA nahIM kara sakatA / unakI dRSTi aura kalA yuga-yuga kI jijJAsA aura vedanA meM pratiSThita hai / " isa prakAra kI virodhI ghaTanAoM aura prAkasmika aura apratyAzita prahAroM tathA zrAzaMsAnoM ne mere isa vizvAsa ko prabalatara banA diyA ki jainendra- sAhitya kA are adhyayana kie binA "jainendra-pahelI" samajha meM nahIM AegI / maiMne eka jijJAsu kI bhA~ti jainendra jI se ina pracalita dhAraNAoM ko lekara kucha jAnakArI cAhI thI / to unhoMne mujhe likhA thA, "maiM jaise soca pAtA hU~, usameM apane alAvA doSa rakhane kahIM jagaha nahIM milatI hai / jamAne ko yA duniyA~ ko doSa denA apanA kSobha utAranA hai| mazInavAdI sabhyatA ne mAnava-sambandhoM meM viSa DAlA hai, yaha mAnakara bhI AsthA kyoM khonA ?" maiM ina paMktiyoM ko par3hakara nizcita abhimata banA sakA ki jainendra sAhitya meM " tAttvika cintana" adhika hai aura unakI sAhityika sUkSmatA aura gahanatA kI zakti ajJeya hai| lekina una jaise sAhityakAra, dArzanika aura vicAraka ke prati kucheka pracalita dhAraNAe~ unake vyaktitva zrathavA unakI pratibhA ko to Thesa pahu~cAtI nahIM /

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( 8 ) hA~, hindI-pAThakoM ke gambhIra adhyayana aura Thosa vizleSaNa ke lie eka gaharI cunautI avazya upasthita karatI haiN| ina sabhI kAraNoM se mere mana meM yaha vicAra prabala ho uThA ki hameM jainendrasAhitya kA niSpakSa aura gaMbhIra adhyayana karake kisI bhI pAThaka ke prAropoM kI rahasyamayatA ko anAvRta avazya kara denA cAhiye / jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kA janma jainendra ke bhautika svarUpa ko samajhane vAle kucheka vyaktiyoM se maiM eka dina yoM hI prasaMga cher3a baiThA ki hameM jainendra jI ke sAhitya ke mAdhyama se unakI mAnasika, sAmAjika aura niyativAdI pravRttiyoM ko vibhinna vidvAnoM dvArA prastuta karAnA cAhie / isI dhyeya kI pUrti ko dRSTi meM rakhakara maiMne "jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva" meM jainendra ke vAstavika sAhityika svarUpa ko mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke lekhoM aura unakI samIkSAtroM ke dvArA upasthita karane kI ceSTA kI hai| ye sabhI lekha una vidvAnoM ke jainendra jI ke prati unake apane hI vicAroM kA pratipAdana karate haiM aura merA dhyeya inheM saMkalita karate samaya vibhinna darpaNoM meM janendra jI ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva donoM ko hI dekhane kA rahA hai / ___janendra kI kalpanA ko, unakI bhavya mAnavatAvAdI mUla pravRtti ko aura unake bauddhika kamaloka ke vibhinna triyA-kalApoM ko samajhane kI icchA se hI maiMne vibhinna vidvAnoM se unake jainendra sAhitya ke viSaya meM vibhinna mata ekatrita karake prastuta grantha meM upasthita kara diye haiN| ina lekhoM se jainendra kI TekanIka ko, unake vastu-vidhAna kauzala ko aura unakI kalA-paTutA ko samajhane meM hameM paryApta sahAyatA milegI, aisA merA dhra va vizvAsa hai / jIvana-jhAMkI aise sAhityakAra aura cintaka ke kabhI-kabhI vivAdAspada se vyaktitva ko samajhane kI ceSTA karate samaya prAvazyaka ho jAtA hai ki hama unake prAraMbhika jIvana kI gatividhiyoM para eka vihaMgama dRSTi DAlakara dekhate caleM aura saMkSepa meM unake jIvana kI eka jhAMkI prastuta kara deN| vyakti ke nirmANa meM unake mAtA-pitA kA yoga anivArya rUpa se rahatA hai| 1905 meM kaur3iyAgaMja grAma meM jainendra kA janma rAmadevI bAI jI kI kokha se hamA thaa| unake janma aura prArambhika jIvana ke viSaya meM hamane unake mAmA svargIya

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( 6 ) mahAtmA bhagavAn dIna ke vicAra unake lekha "bAla jainendra" meM prastuta kiye haiN| use par3hane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unake pitA jI kI mRtyu unake janma ke do varSa bAda hI ho gaI thI aura unake jIvana-nirmANa meM unakI mAtA kA hI pramukha prabhAva rhaa| jainendra-parivAra kA paricaya dete hue mahAtmA jI ne eka sthAna para likhA hai ki-"rAmadevI bAI ke kula milAkara chaH bacce hue / tIna choTI umra meM cala base aura tIna Aja taka jIvita haiM / donoM lar3akiyA~ bar3I haiM aura lar3akA unase choTA / vahI choTA lar3akA jainendrakumAra ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura samAja use acchI taraha jAnatA hai|" 1907 meM zrImatI rAmadevI bAI ke patideva kA dehAnta ho jAne para janendra kA lAlana-pAlana mahAtmA jI kI dekha-rekha meM hone lgaa| jainendra kI prArambhika zikSA brahmacArI Azrama jana gurukula meM huI / yahA~ prasaMga-vaza isa bAta kA bhI ullekha kara denA sambhavataH anucita na hogA ki isa sAhityakAra kA nAma prAnandIlAla se jainendra honA gurukula kI hI dena hai / gurukula banda ho jAne para jainendra jI ne prAiveTa vidyArthI ke rUpa meM maiTrika parIkSA paMjAba yUnIvarsiTI se uttIrNa kI aura inTaramIjieTa kI par3hAI ke lie ve banArasa vizvavidyAlaya meM praviSTa ho gae, lekina rASTrIya Andolana ke prArambha hone para 1920-21 meM ve par3hAI chor3akara dillI prA gae / kula milAkara ve tIna bAra jela ge| pahalI bAra jela se chUTane ke bAda jainendra ne dillI meM naukarI kI talAza kI. para unheM koI bhI sthAna nahIM mila pAyA / jela jAne se pUrva apanI mAtA jI kI Arthika sahAyatA meM jo 'pharanIcara' kA kAma unhoMne zuru kiyA thA, vaha bhI chUTa gyaa| kaI bAra maiM ekAnta ke kSaNoM meM socatA hU~ ki yadi jainendra jI ko usa samaya koI naukarI mila jAtI yA unakA 'biz2anasa' cala nikalA hotA, to sambhavataH isa samasyA-mUlaka nirdhAnta praharI se hindI-sAhitya sadA-sadA ke lie hI baMcita raha jaataa| gA~dhI, zarad aura TAlasTAya kI kRtiyoM se prabhAvita isa nibandhakAra, kahAnIkAra, upanyAsakAra tathA dArzanika ke jIvana kI kucheka ghaTanAoM kA vivecana karane se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jainendra jI mAnava ke nirmANa ke lie prArambha se hI nirantara yatnazIla rahe haiM / unhoMne svayaM saMgharSa kara satya ke prayogoM dvArA apane jIvana ko adhika sArthaka aura anya vyaktiyoM ke lie adhika upayogI banAne kI hara kSaNa bharasaka ceSTA kI hai|

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( 10 ) 1927 meM jainendra jI apane mAmA mahAtmA bhagavAna dIna jI ke sAtha kAzmIra gae the| usa yAtrA kA A~khoM dekhA hAla, aisA lagatA hai, unhoMne 'vyatIta' meM prastuta kara diyA hai| vaise unake sAhityika jIvana kA pahalA caraNa usa dina uThA thAjaba unakI sabase pahalI kahAnI "vizAla bhArata' meM chapI thii| usa samaya jainendra ko kitanA harSa huA hogA isakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki usase pUrva unheM sAhitya ke dvArA eka pAI bhI nahIM milI thii| yahIM se jainendra ke sAhityika jIvana kA zrIgaNeza humA / kahAnIkAra jainendra lAkha asaphalatAoM ne jainendra ke mArga ko avaruddha kiyA ho, para ve hara bAra ina agni-parIkSAoM meM kudana kI taraha camakate bAhara Aye haiM / unakI aneka mano. vyathAe aura manokSobha unakI racanAoM meM avazya hI kahIM na kahIM prakaTa ho uThe haiN| unakI sAhitya ko dizAe~ haiM-unake upanyAsa, unakI kahAniyAM, unake nibandha aura unake dArzanika pravacana Adi / unakI ina sAhityika upalabdhiyoM ke eka viziSTa aMga 'kahAnI' ko hI liyA jAye to hameM patA calatA hai ki unake aneka kahAnIsaMkalana prakAza meM pA cuke haiM / phAMsI, vAtAyana, nIlama deza kI rAjakanyA, eka rAta, do cir3iyA, pAjeba aura jaya-sandhi nAmaka kahAnI-saMgraha to pAThakoM ke samakSa pahale hI prA cake the| idhara 'pUrvodaya' ke prayAsa se unakI kahAniyoM ke pATha saMgraha aura bhI prakAzita ho cuke haiM, jo 'jainendra kI kahAniyAM' ke nAma se prakhyAta haiM / jainendra kI ina kahAniyoM ke viSaya meM rASTrakavi zrI maithilIzaraNa gupta jI ne kahA thA ki "hindI sAhitya ke kathA-kSetra'' meM ravi aura zarat bAbU ko eka hI sAtha pAyA aura vaha aba pAyA (jainendra meM) / ve nizcaya hI "kathAnaka kI dRSTi se sarvAdhika sazakta hindI-kathAkAra haiM, jinhoMne yatheSTa lokapriyatA prApta kI hai tathA jo vizeSa adhyayana kI vastu mAne gaye haiN|" bauddhika aura dArzanika donoM hI prakAra ke vicAroM se prota-prota unakI manovijJAna para AdhArita kahAniyoM ne jainendra ko itanA vikhyAta banA diyA hai| eka pAlocaka mahodaya kA yaha kathana sarvathA satya hai ki jainendra kA nArA hI 'kalA Izvara ke lie' hai / ve bahuta prabala IzvaravAdI haiM aura kahAniyoM evaM upanyAsoM meM unheM maMtima zaraNa Izvara kI hI lenI hotI hai|

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( 11 ) upanyAsakAra jainendra jainendra ke upanyAsoM kI carcA ne unheM hindI sAhitya kA prakhyAta kRtikAra banA diyA hai / 1626 meM sarvaprathama ve 'parakha' ke mAdhyama se hindI pAThakoM ke dvArA parakhe gae / usI sAla jainendra jI kA vivAha bhI ho gayA aura agale varSa unheM isI upagyAsa para pA~ca sau rupaye kA puraskAra bhI mila gayA / isa prakAra jainendra ko pahalI bAra sAhityika kRtiyAM zrAya kA sAdhana banatI dIkha par3IM / 1932 meM unake upanyAsoM kA tAMtA laga gayA / tapobhUmi, sunItA, tyAga-patra, kalyANI, sukhadA, vivarta aura jayavardhana ne hindI - sAhitya kI niraMtara zrIvRddhi kI / 'sunItA' eka uthala-puthala sI macAtI AI / usakI pramukha pAtrA 'sunItA' ke antadvadva ko dekhakara maiMne kaI bAra koI kar3I kahIM jor3anI cAhI hai, para maiM prasaphala rahA hU~, para hindI kA pAThaka usase bahuta hI prabhAvita huA, kyoMki apanI vyathAnoM apane prAkrozoM aura apane bhAvAvezoM ko muTThI meM bhIMca kara jisa zradvitIya pratibhA ke sAtha jainendra jI Aye the, usase aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne apane pAThaka ke samakSa dila kholakara rakha diyA aura usakI sahAnubhUti aura sahRdayatA ko pratyanta prAsAnI se prApta kara liyA / jIvana-saMgharSa kI aneka sIr3hiyoM para kaise car3hA jAve, isakA sarala tarIkA Apa DhU~DhanA cAhate haiM to vakIla sAhaba ko 'kalyANI' meM se bulA bhejiye / hindI kA pAThaka 'vyatIta' ko bhI AsAnI se vismRta nahIM kara sakatA / jayanta zraura anitA ke pyAra ko upanyAsakAra ne apane hI DhaMga se prakaTa kiyA hai aura usakI prakAzana - zailI meM usane jIvana kI UhApoha ko eka 'darzana' ke rUpa meM prastuta kara diyA hai | candrI kA padArpaNa aura kapilA kA praveza pyAra kI naI mAnyatAe~ nirdhArita karane meM eka bahuta bar3I saMyojaka kar3I ke rUpa meM zrAkara khar3I ho jAtI hai / jIvana meM hara karttavya ko AkarSaNa - pratyAkarSaNoM kA zikAra bananA hotA hai / unhIM ko gatividhiyoM ko manovaijJAnika sUkSmatAoM ke sAtha bAMdhakara prastuta karanA upanyAsakAra kI saphalatA hai / isake uparAnta jainendra jI ke mana kA dArzanika eka sAtha sabala ho uThA aura vaha eka sAtha hI sAhitya-sRjana se udAsIna ho gayA / kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki jainendra ne sAhitya se kamAI kI bAta ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura isIliye 1213 varSa taka unakI koI bhI racanA hindI sAhitya ke sAmane nahIM A sakI / 'arjana' zabda mUla se mithyA hai, phira bhI inake lekhana kArya se vaha zabda jur3A huA hai / isI lie unhoMne socA ki kamAI hI agara nahIM karanI to phira likhane kA kAma bhI nahIM karanA /

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( 12 ) 1952 meM akasmAt 'vivarta' ke do pariccheda kisI patra meM chapa gaye / pAThakoM ne ina paricchedoM ko itanA pasaMda kiyA ki jijJAsuoM ke prAgraha para anendra ko punaH sAhitya meM pAnA hI pdd'aa| upanyAsakAra jainendra ke viSaya meM maiM bahina rajanI ke mata se pUrNa ruupe| sahamata haiN| unakA kahanA bilkula hI satya hai ki "jainendra siddha kathAkAra haiN| ye jo kahanA cAhate haiM, use prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kahane kI kSamatA rakhate haiN|" nibandhakAra, dhaktA, cintaka, dArzanika aura vicAraka jainendra prAcArya kizorIlAla mazarUvAlA ne eka bAra likhA thA ki-"jainendra ke vicAra par3hakara maiMne aisA anubhava kiyA jaisA TAlasTAya ko par3hate samaya hA thA. balki usase bhI vizeSa / " yaha mata kevala eka hI vyakti kA nahIM hai, apitu hindIsAhitya ke kaI pAThakoM kI yahI vicAraNA hai| jainendra ke nibandhoM ko, unake vicAroM ko prora unake abhimatoM ko samajhane ke lie hameM kaThina parizrama karanA par3egA aura unake sAhitya kA gahana adhyayana karanA hogA / isake liye jijJAsa pAThakoM ko cAhiye ki ve 'janendra ke vicAra', 'prastuta prazna', 'jar3a kI bAta', 'pUrvodaya', 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', 'maMthana', 'soca-vicAra', 'kAma, prema aura parivAra', 'ye aura ve' tathA 'itastataH' kA sUkSma vivecana aura vizlepaNa kreN| maiM samajhatA hU~ ki jainendra jI ke jIvana meM darzana pUrI taraha se rama gayA hai| vicAroM ke prakAzana kA unakA apanA hI eka DhaMga hai| khoyA-khoyA sA, para vaha unase chUTane vAlA nahIM hai / jainendra jI kA svaya na likhakara kahAniyA~, nibaMdha aura lekha sIdhe TAipisTa ko 'DikTeTa' karate huye likhAnA bhI unakI apanI zailI hai| ___ 'sAhitya aura samAja', 'kalA kyA hai', 'sAhitya-sRjana', 'sAhitya aura nIti' aneka gambhIra aura vicAra pUrNa viSayoM para jainendra ke nibandha pAThakoM ke samakSa pAye haiN| jainendra ke nibandhoM kI apanI hI eka zailI hai, aura unhoMne apanI lIka khuda banAI hai / bhASA ke ghise-piTe rUpa ko chor3akara janendra ne apane nibandhoM ko nayI aura rocaka zailI ke dvArA adhika lokapriya banA diyA hai / urda zabdoM kA samAveza bhI unakI bhASA ko adhika jana-priya banA sakA hai / aMgrejI ke una zabdoM kA prayoga, jinheM hama roja-baroja prayoga meM lAte haiM, unakI kRtiyoM ko pAThakoM ke adhika nikaTa lAkara baiThA detA hai / lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM ke prayoga

Page #18
( 13 ) ne unheM aura bhI adhika priya banA diyA hai / jainendra kA unmukta cintana kabhI-kabhI sAmAnya pAThaka ko aTapaTA-sA lagatA hai, lekina jainendra jI ke 'sApekSatAvAdI cintana' kI apanI eka paramparA hai aura ve apane maulika, dArzanika vicAradhArA ke kAraNa anya lekhakoM se kahIM Upara uTha gae haiM, bhale hI kahIM-kahIM pAThaka ke lie ve behada duHsaha taka ho gae haiM / anya logoM kI vRSTi meM jainendra jainendra jI ke sAhitya para vibhinna pAThakoM aura lekhakoM ne vibhinna mata vyakta kie haiM / prAcArya pravara DAkTara nagendra ne likhA hai ki "yahIM se vaha tIkhA - pana aura dhAra milatI hai, jo unakI sabase bar3I zakti hai aura jisake kAraNa apane kSetra meM Aja bhI unakA koI pratidvandvI nahIM hai / " nagendra jI dvArA saMsthApita SaTkoNI tattvoM - tejasvitA, prakharatA tathA tIvratA, gahanatA, dRr3hatA, sUkSmatA tathA vyApakatA kI kasauTI para jainendra jI ke sAhitya ko kasate hue eka Alocaka mahodaya ne likhA hai ki " Upara parigaNita chahoM dRSTiyoM se yadi hama apane zrAlocya upanyAsakAra kA vizleSaNa kareM, to jainendra meM tejasvitA, prakharatA, gahanatA aura sUkSmatA ina cAra guNoM kI sthiti prasaMdigdha hai ....... * jainendra kI kalA meM dRr3hatA kI sthiti isalie saMdigdha hai ki jainendra kI nirIhatA aura niyativAda ke saMgharSa meM yaha bAta kucha adhika ja~catI nahIM hai / yaha bAta nahIM ki jainendra ke vizvAsa DhIle zraura kamajora haiM, para unameM kaTTaratA kI dRr3hatA aura zakti nahIM hai, kyoMki prema aura ahiMsA kI bAtoM se kaTTaratA mela nahIM khAtI aura vyApakatA kA to ' * jainendra kI kalA meM sarvathA prabhAva hai / para yaha apUrNatA sAdhAraNa nahIM hai / vyApakatA zrIra dRr3hatA ke abhAva meM jainendra kI kalA kA yadi mUlyAMkana kiyA jAye, to jainendra, maiM samajhatA hU~, yadi vizva ke prathama zreNI ke sAhityakAroM meM abhI nahIM zrA pAye haiM to usa zreNI ke dvAra para to avazya hI pahu~ca gae haiN|"* jainendra jI ke viSaya meM eka sthAna para jo vicAra vyakta kie gae haiM, ve mujhe bar3e hI sundara lage haiM / prastu inheM pAThakoM ko binA sauMpe nahIM raha sakatA / "Philosopher Jainendra has-The ablity to state the most abstract ideas in the simplest terms. Even when he borrows an idea or a sumilie-and he is a verocious reader - he dresses it in an original manner. ' " * zrI raghunAthazaraNa jhAlAnI - jainendra aura unake upanyAsa --- --- pRSTha 186 |

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abhI 13 navambara ko AdaraNIya daddA ( zraddheya zrI bAbU maithilIzaraNa jI gupta ) ne mujhe apane eka patra meM jainendra jI ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke viSaya meM dotIna paMktiyoM meM apane vicAra likha kara bheje the| unakI mApa-jokha kI tarAja ko maiM pAThakoM ke hAtha meM hI sope detA hU~ : - "jainendra jI mere svajana jaise haiM / ve lekhinI ke dhanI haiM aura hindI-sAhitya kI unase zrIvRddhi huI hai / hindI ke kathA-sAhitya ko unhoMne nayA mor3a diyA hai| unakI paiTha gaharI hai, jo unheM cintaka kI koTi meM pahu~cAtI hai| merI kAmanA hai ve dIrghAyu hoN|" prastuta saMkalana jainendra jI kI sAhityika dizAoM aura unakI kRtiyoM ko lekara mata-bheda ho sakatA hai, para merA prabala vizvAsa hai ki mata-bheda meM hI to jIvana kI gati sannihita hai / kucha bhI ho itane sabala aura sArthaka sAhitya ke sraSTA ke prati hama mauna nahIM baiTha sakate / isI dhyeya se maiMne ina lekhoM ko saMkalita kiyA hai| sabhI vidvAnoM, samIkSakoM aura vicArakoM kA, cAhe unake lekha mujhe isa samaya nahIM mila pAye haiM, majhe AzIrvAda aura sneha milA hai / maiM unakA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| "jainendra vyaktitva aura kRtitva" jaisI bhI bana par3I hai, Apake samakSa hai| apane atyadhika vyasta jIvana meM se ye kSaNa nikAlakara isako prastuta karanA merI apanI dhuna kI saphalatA hai-maiM ise zlAghA nahIM, kaTu satya mAnatA hU~ / isake vibhinna lekhoM ke lekhakoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se jainendra-sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA hai / prastu, paThanIya aura mananIya hote hue bhI unakA dAyitva mUlataH unhIM kA hai| phira bhI maiM unake AbhAra se uRNa nahIM ho sktaa| eka bAta aura-isa pustaka kI bhUleM parI hI haiM aura isakI saphalatAe~ ApakI upalabdhiyA~ / yadi kinhIM bhAI ke lekha meM chapAI kI koI bhUleM raha gaI hoM to unake lie maiM kSamA-yAcaka huuN| bar3alA lAinsa, dllii| '. 2. 1963 -miliMda

Page #20
hindU vizvavidyAlaya, kAzI / 28-12-1962. jainendra jI mukhyataH gA~dhI-yuga ke lekhaka haiM / yo premacaMda bhI usa yuga ke lekhaka haiM, para unakI apekSA meM, janendra kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jahA~ premacanda Adarzo ko bahuta kucha UparI yA bAharI srotoM se lete pratIta hote haiM vahA~ 'sunItA', 'tyAgapatra' Adi kA lekhaka Adarzo kA antaraMga anveSaka hai-vaha unheM prAntarika icchAzIlatA kI prakriyA se prApta karanA cAhatA hai| isa dRSTi se jainendra kA prAdarzavAda aAdhunika hai-Adhunika bauddhika cetanA ko sparza karane vaalaa| kalAkAra ke rUpa meM zrI jainendra ne hindI kathA-sAhitya ko, nizcaya hI, nayA manovaijJAnika prAyAma diyA / unakI nitAnta sIdhI aura sUkSma bhASA, saceta prayoga para AdhArita na hote hue bhI Azcaryajanaka rUpa meM prAdhunika hai| hindI ke manovaijJAnika kathAkAroM meM unakA vyaktitva nijI va nirAlA hai, aura unakA sthAna asaMdigdha / unakI kalA aura zilpa unakI saMvedanA kI prakRtrima, sahaja abhivyakti haiN| jainendra jI ne kahAniyA~ tathA nATaka bhI likhe haiM, saba apanI vizeSatA lie hue / unake 'TakarAhaTa' ekAMkI kI kakSA kA, sAMskRtika-Atmika saMgharSa kA sazakta citraNa karane vAlA hindI-nATaka maiMne dUsarA nahIM dekhA / -devarAja

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Page #22
DAkTara vRndAvanalAla varmA jainendra jI se sAnnidhya lagabhaga tIsa varSa hue jaba zrI jainendrakumAra jI se merI pahalI bheTa huI / vaha zrI maithilIzaraNa gupta ke pAsa ciragAMva gaye the| vahAM se jhAMsI Aye / pahalI bheMTa meM hI mere Upara prabhAva huA / bAta karate-karate kucha manana karane lagate the / dRSTi Upara uTha jAtI thI, phira bAta karane vAle para / unake maiMne kaI upanyAsa par3he / eka to unhoMne usI samaya, pahalI bheTa kI ghar3I meM, bheTa kiyA thaa| isake bAda bhI aneka bAra unase bheTa karane kA mujhe suavasara milA / eka bAra vaha vikhyAta samAjasevI aura prasiddha kavi zrI viyogI hari jI ke sAtha hI mere ghara padhAre / khUba bAteM huiiN| bar3A prAnanda rahA / phira saMdhyA kI belA eka sthAna para unakA aura zrI viyogI hari jI kA svAgata-samAroha huyA / bhASaNa hue / zrotA aAnanda magna the| ___ maiM taba gadgad ho gayA, jaba dillI nagara pAlikA ke hindI saMgha vAloM ne 1962 I0 kI 8 janavarI ke dina merA 74 vAM janma-divasa mnaayaa| samAroha ke adhyakSa zrI jainendra kumAra jI the| samAroha sandhyA samaya huA thA / maiM dina meM hI unake nivAsa sthAna para milane ke lie jA pahu~cA thA / aise mile, aise mile-lipaTe rahe eka dUsare se kaI kSaNa--ki ina donoM kI A~kheM jhalaka paaii| upanyAsakAra bar3e kuzala, gambhIra vicAraka aura bahuta hI snehila haiM zrI jainendra kumAra / paramAtmA se prArthanA hai ki ve zatAyu hoN|

Page #23
zrI zAMtipriya dvivedI jainendra jI kA sAdhuvAda ... jaisA ki nAma se bhI spaSTa hai, jainendra jI jaina haiN| unake nAma aura dharma meM eka sAMskRtika garimA hai / eka dhArmika sampradAya ke aMgIbhUta hote hue bhI ve eka prabuddha kalAkAra haiM / sAmpradAyika rUr3hiyoM meM kalA kA sphuraNa nahIM hotA, phira jainendra jI meM kalAtmakatA kaise A gaI ? vastutaH ve kisI sampradAya meM sImita nahIM haiN| unakI cetanA jIvanta hai / jisa dharma meM prANimAtra ke lie ahiMsA aura prema hai, vaha to vizva dharma hai, vahI apanI vyApakatA meM sAmpradAyikatA se mukta hokara asIma sRSTi aura asIma yuga meM sarvAtma ho jAtA hai / jainendra jI zarIra kI taraha eka sampradAya meM Akara bhI prAtmA kI taraha dehAtIta athavA sampradAya-mukta haiM / unake dharma aura kalA meM koI virodhAbhAsa nahIM hai / dharma meM jo udAratA hai, vahI to kalA meM vizvavedanA aura saMvedanA bana gaI hai| dharmAtmA hote hue bhI jainendra jI naitika zAstA athavA jJAnopadezaka nahIM haiN| unakI saMvedanA meM prANiyoM kI prAkRtika durbalatAoM ke lie sahAnubhUti aura AtmIyatA hai| ve apanI hI taraha sabake prati ImAnadAra haiM / eSaNAoM aura durbalatAoM se paricita hote hue bhI unameM nirlobha aura tyAga hai / eka zabda meM ve utsargazIla manuSya haiN| abhAva-grasta ke lie ve ni:sva aura digambara ho sakate haiM / maiM nahIM jAnatA ki sAhityakAroM meM jainendra jI jaise AtmatyAgI kitane loga haiN| jainendra jI ke sAnnidhya meM vahI Azvasti milatI hai jo paramAtmA ke sAyujya meM milatI hai / maiM unakI dIrghAyu kI kAmanA karatA hU~ aura yahI sadicchA karatA hU~ ki pRthvI unake jaise sahRdayoM kA vizva kuTumba bana jAya / " (2)

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zrI siyArAmazaraNa gupta durlabha vyaktitva ... jainendra jI ke sambandha meM Apa jo nibandha-saMkalana prakAzita karane jA rahe haiM, vaha yAsa stutya hai / hRdaya se maiM usakI saphalatA cAhatA huuN| para una jaise sAhityakAra para kucha likha, isa yogya merI zArIrika sthiti nahIM hai / ve mere lie sAhityika-mAtra nahIM haiM, AtmIya aura pArivArika bhI haiM / unake ghara meM unake agraja ke rUpa meM maiM ThaharatA huuN| vaisA hI sammAna bhI vahAM pAtA hU~ / zreSTha sAhityakAroM meM sambhavataH vahI aise vyakti haiM, jinake lie prApagrApa mujhe nahIM kahanA par3atA / kaha nahIM sakatA, apane kisa puNya meM mujhe una jaisA bhAI milA hai / sArI bhAratIya bhASAnoM ke Adhunika sAhitya kA paricaya na hone para bhI merI dhAraNA hai ki unakI jor3a kA prAtima vyaktitva anyatra durlabha hai / mujha jaise sAmAnya jJAna ke vyakti ko unhoMne grAnA grAntarika sneha diyA hai, yaha bAta mujhe prAyaH vismaya se abhibhUta karatI rahatI hai, para unake kRtitva ke viSaya meM merI uparyukta dhAraNA, jahA~ taka maiM soca sakatA hU~, nirapekSa hI hai| ..... / "

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rAjA rAdhikAramaNaprasAdasiMha jIvana ke eka viziSTa kalAkAra zrI jainendra jI kI lekhanI apane DhaMga kI anUThI hai| sAhitya ke camana meM vaha-vaha gula khula-khila uThe ki kyA kahe koI !-- 'kisI meM raMga va bU aisA na pAyA, camana meM gula bahuta gujare najara se|' jIvana kI vRttiyoM ke antastala meM DUbakara vaha jo motI sa~jo pAe, unake nikhAra ke kyA kahane ! inakI pratibhA jIvana ke manovaijJAnika pakSa para hI raMga nahIM car3hAtI; varan manovizleSaNAtmaka dAyare ke andara jIvana-darzana kI jo sArvabhauma rUpa-rekhA kA eka rahasyamaya saMsAra hai, use bhI vizleSita evaM paricAlita karatI hai| zrI jainendra jI jIvana kI atala gaharAI taka paiThakara isake pratyeka kone-kone ko isake pratyeka reze-reze ko-bhalI-bhA~ti TaTola lete haiM aura satya-svarUpa jo kucha hAtha AtA hai, use apane pAtroM ke zIla-vizeSa meM piro dete haiN| inakI karuNAtmaka pratibhA taMtrazAstra-sammata hai / icchAeM jIvana meM bar3I balavatI haiM / mana kI icchAoM ke tAne-bAne meM ba~dhakara yaha jIvana rAta-dina kyA-kyA aMgar3AiyA~ le rahA hai-letA rahegA nirantara / zrI jainendra jI ke prAyaH sabhI pAtra ina icchAoM kI vartula bhAvagati kI dvandvAtmaka sthiti se lar3ate aura jUjhate haiM / yahA~ zrI jainendra jI phAyaDa ke siddhAnta para bhI apanA eka nayA raMga car3hAte haiN| inakI pratibhA mAnava ke manaHjagat taka hI sImita nahIM, varan mAnava ke Atma-jagat taka pahu~ca kara usake AdhyAtmika tattvoM kI rasAtmaka antazcetanA kI pUrI dArzanika vivecanA prastuta karatI hai / yahI inakI nirAlI pratibhA kI anUThI dena hai| inake bhinna-bhinna puruSa aura nArI pAtroM ke rUpa aura nAma kI taha meM jAne para guNanaphala rUpa meM kevala eka strI raha jAtI hai aura dUsarA raha jAtA hai puruSa / prANI ke prANa meM bahuta gahare jAkara jaise saba bAhya rUpa-vidhAna sataha para hI chUTa jAte haiM / kevala do hI tattva-strI aura puruSa-- zeSa raha jAte haiN| sunItA hariprasanna ke sAtha bilkula nagna hokara bhI apane satItva kI maryAdA meM pUrNa rUpa se jIvita aura saMyamita hai / sunItA tana ko nagna kara mana kI nagnatA ( 4 )

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se jIvana ke eka viziSTa kalAkAra ko prema ke parde meM chipAnA cAhatI hai, para usakA prema chala aura pratAraNA kI reta para sira dhuna kara raha jAtA hai / yahA~ mAnava mana kI kitanI bar3I vivazatA hai ! zrI jainendra jI kI dRSTi meM AdamI kA mana bhI apanA pUrA nahIM huA krtaa| zrI jainendra jI khuda kahate haiM ki dhana merA nahIM hai, mana kucha merA hai|| inake pAtra vAsanA kI pukAra ko svIkAra karate hue bhI isase Upara uThane kI koziza karate haiN| zrI jainendra jI ke eka hI nArI pAtra ko jaba hama TaTola kara nirakhate haiM to pAte haiM ki usa eka hI nArI vizeSa ke hRdaya meM vizva kA sampUrNa nArI-hRdaya apanI asIma suSamA, apAra karuNA, athAha prema evaM alaukika tyAga, tapasyA aura sevA kI madhura bhAvanA se saMcAlita ho dhar3aka rahA hai| yahA~ zrI jainendrajI kI AtmaniSThA, unakI AtmA vizvAtmA meM parivartita ho uThatI hai, jira.ke sArvabhauma rUpa para-usake hAsya-rudana kI kalAtmaka runajhuna ke rasAtmaka sama paravizva-hRdaya ke tAra jhaMkRta ho uThate haiN| zrI jainendra jI kI sunItA sabakI sunItA bana jAtI hai aura hari prasanna ke mana-sindhu meM laharAtI vAsanA kA asahya uphAna samasta mAnava-mana kI nAcatI huI vAsanA-nartakI kA vaha nagna calacitra hai, jahA~ kalAkAra kevala kalA-sraSTA mAtra hI na rahakara jIvana-satya kA eka nirapekSa dArzanika draSTA bana baiThatA hai / yahA~ hama zrI jainendra jI meM eka mahAn kalAkAra aura eka saphala dArzanika ke dohare vyaktitva kA plATinama dhAtu kI taraha nirapekSa nirvAha pAte haiM / "tulasI kI sItA, zeksapiyara kI DesDImonA aura zrI jainendra jI kI sunItA eka hI sitAra ke tIna aise tAra haiM, jinameM jIvana-satya kA eka hI rAga zAzvata rUpa se laharA rahA hai / mahAn kalAkAra kI bhAvAbhivyakti jIvana aura jagat kI abhivyakti kA eka pUrNa mAdhyama huA karatI hai / isa dRSTi se zrI jainendra jI jIvana ke eka viziSTa kalAkAra haiN| hA~, zrI jainendra jI kI eka apanI zailI bhI hai jo unakI lekhanI ke nikhAra meM cAra cA~da lagA detI hai| vaha manovaijJAnika kathAkAra hI nahIM, eka kalAtmaka zailIkAra bhI haiM aura eka-eka kA javAba hai, donoM haiM lAjavAba !

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mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna bAla jainendra jainendrakumAra ke bAlakapana para kucha likhanA bilkula adhUrA raha jAyegA, agara unake mA~-bApa ko bilkula prakAza meM na lAyA jAya / merA to yaha khyAla hai ki unako jitanA prakAza meM lAyA jAyagA, utanA hI jainendrakumAra ko samabhane meM AsAnA hogI / para yahA~ to hama unakA utanA hI paricaya deMge, jitanI yahA~ jarUrata hai / jainendrakumAra kI mAtA kA janma khAte-pIte gharAne meM huA thA zraura agara una dinoM lar3akiyoM kI tAlIma yA UMcI tAlIma burI najara se na dekhI jAtI hotI, to ve usa yogya z2arUra thIM ki bar3I AsAnI se UMcI se UMcI DigrI pA sakatI thIM, kyoMki ghara meM sAdhanoM kI kamI na thI / yaha ThIka hai ki una dinoM lar3akiyoM ko vidyA nahIM dI jAtI thI aura apar3ha bhI rakhA jAtA thA, para unheM mUrkha yA ajJAnI kabhI nahIM rakhA jAtA thA / ghara ke kAma se ve khUba vAkipha hotI thIM / aura adaba- zAsana kalA burI cIja nahIM hai, to yaha unheM kAphI se jyAdA sikhA dI jAtI thI / bAraha varSa kI lar3akI bhI bevA hokara, agara use maukA diyA jAya to bar3I dUkAna saMbhAla sakatI thI, jamIMdArI saMbhAla sakatI thI, aura agara ve g2arIba gharAne meM padA huI hoM to apane khAne-pahanane kA intaz2Ama kara sakatI thiiN| yahI vajaha thI ki jainendra kumAra kI mA~ ko jaba jaisA avasara milA, unhoMne usa avasara para apane Apako usake qAbila sAbita kara dikhAyA / yoM jainendrakumAra eka bar3I yogya mAtA kI dena haiM / jainendrakumAra ke pitA apane hAtha-pAMva para bharosA karane vAle gharAne meM paidA hue the / usa gharAne ke lihAja se jitanI tAlIma mila sakatI thI, utanI tAlIma unhoMne jarUra pAI | paTavArI kA imtahAna pAsa the, para hAtha-pA~va para bharosA karane vAle hone kI vajaha se paTavArI kA kAma kabhI kiyA nhiiN| hA~, kucha dinoM sTAmpsapharozI jarUra kii| para vaha naukarI nahIM thI / usase ghara kA mAmUlI kAma calatA thA, para jyAdaha kAma to usI se calatA thA jo vaha apane hAtha-pAMva kI mehanata se kamAte the / vaha apanI klAsa meM hisAba meM sabase avvala the| kahAnI kahate the to khar3A kara dete the / unakI kahAnI sunane meM aisI acchI lagatI thI jaisI muMzI ajamerI kI / donoM kI kahAniyA~ hamane sunI haiM / jainendrakumAra ke pitA ko gara ( 6 )

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AARA bAla jainendra avasara milatA to vaha acche sAhityakAra siddha ho sakate the aura acche iMjIniyara bhii| yaha the jainendrakumAra ke pitA aura unakI isa dena se jo bhI Aja taka hamane pAyA, vaha itanA nahIM hai ki hameM kucha acaraja ho / jainendrakumAra kA janma san 1904 kI sakaTa cautha ko hunaa| abhI nAma rakhane kA dina bhI na pAyA thA ki bAla-jainendra ke mAtA nikala AI / itanA hI acchA huA ki vaha bahuta z2ora kI na thI, para vaha dRzya hamArI AMkhoM ke sAmane hai jaba bAla-jainendra apanI kohanI khATa para Teka kara, bar3I koziza se hAtha uThAkara aura sirpha kalAI para hAtha mor3akara apane cehare para kI makkhI ur3AtA thA / ho sakatA hai usa kAma meM usake liye bahuta bar3I koziza ho rahI ho, para hamAre liye to vaha tamAzA hI thA / una dinoM hama 16 varSa ke the, para kisI vajaha se sohara jAne se na ruka sakate the| isaliye hama aura jainendrakumAra kI mAM donoM hI ghaMToM bAla-jainendra ke yaha khela dekhA karate the / hama cAhate to mavakhI ur3A sakate the aura kabhI-kabhI ur3A bhI dete the, para muha para par3I makkhI ko to ur3AtA dekhane meM hI maz2A AtA thA / bAla-jainendra kI usa samaya kI harakatoM ko dekhakara hama na jAne apane mana meM kyA-kyA socA karate the / khaira, chaTe dina nAma rakhane kA vakta pAyA aura paMDita ne yaha bhaviSya-vANI kI ki bAla-jainendra apane bApa ke liye bahata bhArI sAbita hogA / usakA yaha kahanA thA ki bAla jainendra apane bApa kI nigAhoM se utara gaye aura san 1907 meM jaba vaha bImAra par3e aura bAla-jainendra ko unakI goda meM diyA gayA to vaha usako thor3I dera hI le pAye the ki unako kucha takalIpha zurU huI aura unhoMne turaMta hI bAla jainendra ko yaha kahakara ki yaha mujhe khAkara hI rahegA unakI mAM ke supurda kara diyA aura usake kucha mahInoM ke bAda vaha sacamuca hI cala bse| jainendra kumAra isa taraha bApa ke guNa hI virAsata meM pA sake, aura kucha to kyA, unakA pyAra bhI unheM na milA / para jisake bhAgya meM pyAra badA hai, vaha usako kyoM na pAye ? bApa kA pyAra na milA to mAmA ke itane pyAre bana gaye ki 15 varSa kI umra taka vaha yaha nahIM samajha pAye ki mAmA unake mAmA haiM yA unake baap| san 1605 meM hI jainendrakumAra apanI mA~ sameta apane mAmA ke ghara pahu~ca gaye aura vahA~ itane ekameka ho gaye ki riztedAroM ko chor3akara koI kabhI yaha jAna hI na pAyA ki unake bApa jIvita nahIM haiN| jainendrakumAra kI do bahaneM haiM, donoM hI bar3I haiN| unameM se eka to itanI bar3I hai ki vaha jainendrakumAra ko itanA pyAra karatI hai jitanA pyAra zAyada unako

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva mA~ se bhI na milA hogaa| jaba jainendrakumAra choTe the, taba unakI bar3I bahana unake liye apane khilaune aura apanI khAne-pIne kI cIjeM aise hI seMta kara rakhatI thIM, jaise mA~ beTe ke liye / ina bahanoM kI zAdI bar3I hote huye bhI isaliye na ho pAI thI ki vaha hamezA apanI nAnI ke pAsa rahIM aura unakI nAnI bahuta choTI umra kI zAdI ke khilApha thiiN| hA~, choTI bahana kI zAdI unhIM dinoM huI thI, jaba jainendra kumAra sohara meM the| __ jainendra kumAra para bAharI asara jitanA mA~ aura mAmA kA hai, utanA hI asara unakI bar3I bahana kA bhI hai / unakI bar3I bahana Aja jIvita haiM aura 50 se Upara hote hue bhI bAlakoM jaisA svabhAva rakhatI haiM / ho sakatA hai jainendrakumAra ne apanI bar3I bahana se bahuta kucha liyA ho| hamArA yaha syAla hai ki jo AdamI bacapana meM jitanA bholA hotA hai, utanA hI bar3epana meM use hoziyAra honA cAhie / asala meM bholApana mAne-saca aura jhUTha meM bheda na karanA, sabhI ko saca samajhanA aura hara sIkha ko lene ke lie taiyAra rahanA / aise bhole bAlakoM ke sAtha koI AdamI dhokhebAjI karake unako vehada burA banA sakatA hai aura agara vahI bAlaka kisI bhale AdamI ke pAle par3a jAe to bahuta bhalA bana sakatA hai / aba jainendrakumAra ke bacapana ke bholepana kA kucha hAla suniye| eka bAra bAla-janendra ko jora kA pezAba lgaa| mA~ aura mAmI donoM hI gharelU kAma meM itanI lagI huI thIM ki eka-do bAra to inakI bAta para dhyAna hI nahIM diyA gayA ki yaha kyA kaha rahe haiM, aura jaba dhyAna diyA to vyaMga aura gusse se bharA huA / bAla janendra ne pUchA ammA muttI kahAM karUM ? kara le cUlhe meN| bAla-jainendra ko vyaMga aura gusse se kyA lenaa| vaha sIdhe cUlhe para pahuMce aura bar3e ArAma ke sAtha pezAba kara pAye / mAmI ne dekhA to haMsa par3IM aura unheM pakar3a kara apanI jIjI yAnI unakI mA~ ke pAsa le gaI / vaha bhI yaha saba suna kara ha~sa diiN| inheM gale lagAyA aura kucha samajhA diyaa| mAmalA yahIM taka na rahA / jaba unake mAmA ghara Aye to unakI mA~ ne zikAyata kI, zikAyata meM unase yaha kahA ki dekho isane Aja cUlhe meM pezAba kara diyaa| unhoMne jyAdaha pUchatAcha to kI nahIM, unake eka capata jar3a diyaa| yaha thor3e se roye, usake bAda phira cUlhe meM pezAba karane kI bAta unheM kabhI na jaMcI aura kabhI mA~ yA mAmI ke dhokhe meM na aaye| mAmA ko yaha bahuta pyAre the / mAmA ne pyAra meM inakA nAma baMdara rakha chor3A

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bAla jainendra thA aura bandara nAma rakhane kI vajaha yaha thI ki bandara ke nAma se pukAre jAne para yaha jo OM OM kI AvAja nikAlate the vaha bilakula bandara se milatI-julatI hotI thii| mAmA kI bandara kI AvAja para yaha itane lAgU the ki sote huye bhI jAga par3ate the| aura isakI vajaha yaha thI ki taba inheM yA to kucha khAne khelane kI cIja milatI thI aura aisA na huA to godI meM kucha dUra Tahalane kA maukA to milatA hI thA / mAmA bhI inako ajaba DhaMga ke mile the jo rAta ko do baje bhI inheM jagAkara godI meM TahalAne le jAte the / isa saba pyAra kA eka natIjA aura huaa| eka maratabA inakI mA~ kI rajAI para koyale kI eka cingArI gira par3I thI, aura usameM itanA surAkha ho gayA thA jisameM bAla-jainendra kI aMgulI jA sakatI thii| basa aba inakA yaha hAla thA ki jaise hI bandara aAvAja sunI aura inhoMne apanI aMgulI rajAI ke usa surAkha meM isaliye DAlI ki use bar3A karake mAmA ko dekh| para usase to ulTA surAkha banda ho jAtA thA aura phira yaha jora lagAte the / aura isa taraha surAkha yahA~ taka bar3A kara diyA gayA ki yaha bandara kI AvAja sunakara phaurana hI jAga jAte the aura koziza karake bar3I tejI se apanA sira usameM hokara nikAla lete the aura taba U U kahate the, kyoMki yaha manabahalAva kA khela bana gayA thA, isaliye rajAI ke usa surAkha kI marammata nahIM kI jAtI thii| kucha dinoM bAda jainendra kumAra apanI sUjhabUjha se kAma lene lage / mAmA ke sAtha rahane ke yaha bar3e zaukIna the, isalie jaba mAmA khAne baiThate the, to yaha unake jatoM para jA baiThate the, vaha isa dUranadezI se ki mAmA jaba bAhara jAyeMge to jUte pahaneMge hI aura basa phira hama unake sAtha ho leMge / para jaba mAmA ko yaha patA calA to unheM eka dina inheM dhokhA dene kI sUjhI aura vaha jUtA pahane bagaira dUsare rAste se cala die / jaba kAphI se jyAdA dera ho gaI taba bAla-jainendra talAza karate hue andara Aye aura lage apanI mA~ se pUchane ki mAmA kahAM haiM ? basa yaha javAba sunakara ki mAmA to bar3I dera se cale gaye, ve mA~ aura mAmI para pila par3e ki unheM yaha saba kyoM nahIM batAyA gayA / khaira unhoMne to mAphI mA~gakara samajhA-bujhAkara unase pIchA chur3AyA, para mAmA se jo yaha rUThe to tabhI mane jaba unhoMne yaha kaha diyA ki aba vaha vaisA nahIM kareMge aura unhoMne apanA vacana nibhaayaa| bAla-jainendra ne kahIM kisI se suna liyA yA zAyada sIdhe kisI ne unase yaha kaha diyA ki rupayA bo dene se uga jAtA hai, usakA per3a khar3A ho jAtA hai aura usameM rupaye lagate haiM / basa aba kyA thA, bar3I bahana kI gullaka khola usameM se eka rupayA nikAlA aura bAhara kisI per3a ke nIce bo Aye / use kucha dinoM pAnI bhI dete rahe / honahAra kI bAta ki kucha hI dinoM bAda unake mAmA vahA~ se cala diye aura

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10 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva usa jagaha ko hamezA ke lie chor3a diyA / eka maratabA isa rupayA bone kI ghaTanA ke pAMca-chaH mahIne bAda, inake mAmA jaba rela se kahIM jA rahe the to yaha unake sAtha the / jaba vaha sTezana pAyA, jahA~ inhoMne rupayA boyA thA taba apane mAmA se bole, "maiM yahAM utruuNgaa|" ___ mAmA ne pUchA, "kisa lie" / bole, ' maiMne yahA~ rupayA bo rakhA hai, aba vaha uga AyA hogaa|" mAmA yaha sunakara haMsa diye, para yaha unakI haMsI para unheM isa taraha dekha rahe the, mAnoM kaha rahe the ki hamAre mAmA itanA bhI nahIM samajhate ! ___ eka dina kA jikra hai kisI vajaha se ghara meM eka bUda dUdha na thaa| bAla-jainendra ne mA~ se dUdha maaNgaa| unhoMne kaha diyA beTA dUdha to nahIM hai, miThAI le lo, maTharI le lo, phala le lo; para bAla-jainendra kisI taraha rAjI nahIM hue, vaha dUdha ke liye hI haTha karate rhe| aura jaba mA~ ne phira yaha. kahA ki beTA dUdha ghara meM nahIM hai, kahAM se lAU~ ? taba Apa bole ki dUdha TaTTI ghara meM bakherane ke lie hai aura mere pIne ke lie nhiiN| ghara kA ghara yaha suna kara haMsa par3A, kyoMki vAla-janendra TaTTI ghara meM bakhere haye phinAyala ko hI dUdha samajhe huye the| unheM jitanA hI yaha samajhAne kI koziza kI gaI ki vaha dUdha nahIM hai, utanA hI unake gusse kA pArA car3hatA gyaa| Akhira meM rUTha kara bAhara barAmade meM jA baiThe, aura phira par3osa se dUdha Ane para hI mAne / / ghara meM inase choTA baccA koI na thaa| isalie inako saba hI kA pyAra milatA thaa| yaha pyAra se aghAye hue the, isalie pyAra u~DelanA cAhate the / aba yaha u~Da leM to kisa para ? par3osa meM bhI inase choTA koI baccA na thA, para inheM to koI cAhiye hI / eka dina eka pillA pakar3a lAye / basa phira kyA thA, usa para itanA pyAra u~DelA gayA ki vaha ki-kiM karake inase apanA pIchA chur3Ane kI koziza karane lagA / para yaha kaba chor3ane lage, kabhI usako kucha khilAnA, kabhI glAsa se pAnI pilAnA, kabhI use uThAkara sulAnA, kabhI godI lenA aura kabhI usake paMjoM se taMga Akara use chor3a dene para, gira jAne para phira use pyAra se uThAnA aura thapathapAnA, cArapAI para sulAnA / ghaMTe DeDha ghaMTe meM hI vaha pillA inake pyAra se Uba gayA aura inase pIchA chur3Akara bhAga gyaa| yaha usake pIche bahuta bhAge, para vaha hAtha na AyA / ghara ke aura logoM ko jarA bhI usa pille se pyAra hotA, to ho sakatA thA ki vaha phira pakar3a liyA jAtA / para vaisA na huaA, isalie inakA yaha zauka eka dina aura vaha bhI eka ghaMTe se jyAdA na claa|| hama bahuta socane para bhI yaha nahIM batA sakate ki, bAla-jainendra ko aura baccoM kI taraha bhUkha kA jJAna kyoM nahIM thaa| bhUkha to baccoM ke sAtha-sAtha janma letI hai /

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bAla jainendra 11 inake sAtha usane janma liyA yA nahIM, yaha patA nahIM / koI yaha na samajhe ki inheM bhUkha hI nahIM lagatI thI aura yaha khAne ke liye koI cIz2a hI nahIM mA~gate the yA yaha ki bahuta chuTapana meM bhUkha se kabhI roye hI nahIM / nahIM-nahIM, yaha chuTapana meM bhUkha se aise hI rone the jaise ki aura bacce / para jaba yaha chaH barasa ke the, taba skUla se 11 baje jaba yaha bahuta bhUkhe lauTate the to khAnA nahIM mA~gate the / mA~ se Ate hI basa yaha kahate the ki mA~ mere peTa meM darda hotA hai| mAM inheM khUba pahacAnatI thI ki yaha darda nahIM hai, bhUkha kI pukAra hai aura vaha inake darda kA vahI ilAja karatI thI ki inako khAnA khilA detI thI aura inakA darda ThIka ho jAtA thA / bhUkha se jo takalIpha inake peTa meM hotI thI, usa takalIpha kA nAtA yaha bhUkha se jor3anA pasanda nahIM karate the / usakA jyoM kA tyoM hAla apanI mA~ ko batA dete the / dUsare zabdoM meM bhUkha kA nAma inhone darda rakha chor3A thA aura darda kA dUsarA nAma vedanA hai / aura dArzanikoM kI bolI meM bhUkha pratikUla vedanA ke sivAya auaura hai hI kyA ? yoM agara par3hane vAle cAheM to bAlajainendra ko bAla- dArzanika bhI kaha sakate haiM / gharAne ke rivAja ke mutAbika inakA vidyArambha saMskAra, zrA, I se na hokara alipha, ve, te, se huA aura honahAra kI bAta ki sAta barasa kI umra meM hI yaha eka aise gurukula meM dAkhila ho gaye, jahA~ ka, kha, ga, ja, nAgarI akSaroM meM zAmila samajhe jAte the / inakA zIna qApha aisA hI durusta hai, jaisA phArasI - dA~kA / inake mAmA ke gharAne kA bhI zIna qApha durusta thA, kyoMki usa ghara meM auratoM ko chor3akara sabhI phArasI par3ha e the aura aba tIsa - paiMtIsa barasa se dillI meM rahane kI vajaha se usa zIna qApha ko koI nukasAna nahIM pahu~cA hai aura yaha urdU sAhitya meM isI vajaha se kAphI rasa le lete haiM / kahIM Upara yaha kahA gayA hai ki yaha 15 barasa taka apane mAmA ko apanA pitA hI samabhate rahe / isakI eka vajaha to yaha thI ki jaba yaha cAra barasa ke the taba inake ghara meM inake eka mamere bhAI kA janma huA / vaha jaba bolane ke kAbila huA to inakI dekhAdekhI apane bApa ko mAmA kahakara pukArane lagA / isa bAre meM ghara meM se kisI ne dhyAna nahIM diyA aura koI rokathAma bhI na kI gaI / aba inake lie koI maukA hI na raha gayA ki yaha mAmA aura bApa meM koI bheda kara sakeM aura kabhIkabhI apane mamere bhAI ko apanI mA~ kA dUdha pIte dekhakara to inheM yaha zaka hI na raha gayA ki inakA mamerA bhAI inakA sagA bhAI nahIM hai / dUsarI vajaha yaha huI ki sAta barasa kI umra meM bAla- jainendra jaise hI gurukula meM dAkhila huye to cAra barasa kA mamerA bhAI bhI inake sAtha thA / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki donoM eka klAsa meM nahIM the / basa eka dina 15 barasa kI umra meM jaba jainendra ne gurukula kA praveza rajisTara dekhA aura usameM

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva apane bApa ke nAma kI jagaha pyArelAla likhA pAyA aura saMrakSaka kI jagaha apane mAmA kA nAma pAyA, taba patA lagA ki mAmA, mAmA the; bApa nahIM the| kahIM Upara hama yaha bhI kaha pAye haiM ki bAla-jainendra ko apanA pyAra u~Delane ke lie ghara meM koI na dIkhatA thaa| isalie saMga sAtha meM jaba inakA mamere bhAI kA janma huA to inakI khuzI kA ThikAnA nahIM thA / agara inakA basa calatA to usI vakta use apane pAsa le Ate aura kyA acaraja ki use kucha khilAne meM laga jAte / kyoMki gurukula meM yaha aksara dUra se apane bhAI ko tAkA karate the aura jaba vaha inakI tarapha dekhatA thA to donoM muskarA dete the aura phira yaha muskarAhaTa ha~sI meM tabadIla ho jAtI thii| honahAra kI bAta ki gurukula meM bhI inase choTA sirpha inakA mamerA bhAI hI thA, bAkI saba bar3e the / gurukula kI sthApanA san 11 meM huI thI aura usake zurU ke pA~ca brahmacAriyoM meM se yaha bhI eka the / jainendra kA gurukula-jIvana ___ "jainendra'' yaha gurukula kA diyA huyA nAma hai / san 11 ko vaisAkha sudI tIja se pahale jainendra kA nAma grAnandIlAla thaa| gurukula meM san 11 ke khatma hote-hote 40 brahmacArI ho gaye the| una 40 meM sirpha eka hI vidyArthI thA jo itanA hI kuzAgra buddhi thA jitanA jainendra, aura usakA nAma thA rAmendra / gurukula ke adhiSThAtA lIka-lIka calane vAle AdamI nahIM the| vaha mauke-mauke para vahI karate the jo unako ThIka sUjhatA thA / gurukula kA Ama niyama yaha thA ki subaha cAra baje uThanA aura rAta ko nau baje so jAnA / para jainendra aura rAmendra ina donoM hI ke lie yaha kAma muzkila hI nahIM, asaMbhava the / inako nau baje taka jagAnA itanA hI burA kAma thA, jitanA kisI ko rassI bAMdhakara khar3A rakhanA aura cAra baje uThAnA utanA hI muzkila kAma thA, jitanA khAlI bore ko khar3e rakhane kI koziza karanA / dera se uThane aura jaldI so jAne ke aiboM (agara yaha aiba haiM) ke sAtha-sAtha ina donoM meM par3hane-likhane ke aneka guNa the, isalie yaha donoM cAra baje uThane aura nau baje sone ke apavAda banAye gaye aura isa apavAda kI vajaha se inake sAthI brahmacArI inase koI DAha nahIM karate the| inakA Adara karate the, aura inako ThekedAra ke nAma se pukArate the / ThekedAra yoM ki yaha apanA pATha zAma ko jaba sunA deM tabhI se yaha sone ke liye AjAda the / uThane ke liye yoM AjAda the ki gurukula kI khAsa kriyAoM meM yaha ThIka vakta para zAmila ho jAte the / gurukula kI par3hAIlikhAI meM janendrakumAra ko sirpha hoziyAra hI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kAphI se jyAdA hoziyAra kahanA par3egA, kyoMki umra ke lihAja se tIsarI klAsa meM sabase avvala

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bAla jainendra Ane para bhI sirpha isa vAste yaha cauthI klAsa meM nahIM car3hAye gaye the ki cauthI klAsa kI par3hAI kA bojha usa umra ke bAlaka ke liye, gurukula ke mukhya adhiSThAtA kI naz2ara meM kAphI se jyAdA thA / hameM yAda hai ki yaha sunakara jainendra ko kAphI takalIpha haI thI, para marjI ke mAphika ghUmane-phirane ke prAnanda meM vaha takalIpha jaldI hI bhulAI jA sakI thii| eka bAra mukhya adhiSThAtA kA eka halkA-sA capata khAkara yaha burI taraha bigar3e the, aura vaha isa vajaha se ki jisa bAta ke liye inheM saz2A milI thI, usameM unakA koI kasUra nahIM thaa| inhoMne apanI saphAI dekara yaha pUrI acchI taraha sAbita kara diyA ki unako jo capata lagA hai, vaha eka bekasUra ko lagA hai| mukhya adhiSThAtA eka samajhadAra AdamI the, unhoMne inase mAphI mAMgI / jisake javAba meM yaha bole, "Apa ke mAphI mAMgane se jo capata mere laga gayA hai vaha belagA huA to nahIM ho sakatA ?" isa para adhiSThAtA jI bole, "to phira bhAI capata kI jagaha capata maarlo|" isake javAba meM inhoMne kahA ki aisA karanA to aura bhI burA hogA, aura aisA karane se bhI mujhako lagA huA capata belagA huA kaise ho sakatA hai / Akhira phaisalA isa bAta para huA ki adhiSThAtA jI AindA isa bAta kA bahuta khyAla rakhege ki kisI bekasUra ko choTI se choTI sajA bhI na dI jAya / jaba kA yaha jikra hai, usa vakta jainendrakumAra kA navAM barasa cala rahA thaa| yaha hama kaha hI cuke haiM ki jainendrakumAra par3hAI-likhAI meM sabase Age the / chaH mahIne par3hane-likhane se chuTTI pAkara aura apanA samaya khela-kUda meM bitAkara bhI kisI se pIche nahIM rahe / yaha saba to thA, para bolane aura likhane meM yaha apanI klAsa meM AkhirI sire para the / yaha ThIka hai ki yaha apanI klAsa meM sabase choTe the, para isase kyA / klAsa meM jaba sabase avvala the to bolane aura likhane meM bhI avvala honA cAhiye thaa| inakI klAsa meM yaha nau barasa ke the aura bAkI saba bAraha aura teraha ke bIca ke the| thor3A-thor3A to sabhI bola lete the, para unameM se tIna-cAra to aise the jo acAnaka diye huye viSaya para pandraha-bIsa minaTa taka bola sakate the| unameM se eka brahmacArI ne to eka mazahUra upadezaka ke vyAkhyAna kA khaMDana pAMca minaTa kI taiyArI ke bala para sabhA ke maMca se kiyA thaa| para ina saba bAtoM kA kabhI koI asara jainendrakumAra para nahIM huA / vaha gurukula kI sabhA meM kabhI eka minaTa bola kara nahIM diye aura na kabhI gurukula ke hAtha likhe maigajIna meM apane nAma se eka lAina dI / adhyApakoM aura logoM ne kabhI-kabhI majabUra bhI kiyA, para mukhya adhiSThAtA ne una para kabhI koI jora nahIM ddaalaa| aura brahmacAriyoM ke lihAja se inakI khurAka kAphI kama thii| itanI kama thI

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14 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ki cintA kA viSaya bana gaI thii| para gurukula ke DAkTara ne yaha samabha.dArI hI kI ki inako bImAra nahIM samajhA aura usakI eka vajaha yaha bhI thI ki isa kama khurAkI meM bhI inakA eka sAthI thA, aura vaha inase bhI kahIM Age thaa| vaha to dina bhara meM patalI-patalI cAra roTiyoM se jyAdA nahIM khAtA thA, dUdha bhI bahata hI kama pItA thaa| para usakI kama khurI kI vajaha yaha thI ki vaha tIna-tIna cAra-cAra roz2a TaTTI nahI jAtA thaa| para jainendra ke sAtha to yaha bAta nahIM thii| yaha ThIka hai ki gurukula kA khAnA kAphI bhArI hotA.thA, para vaha to sabhI ke liye thaa| usakI umra ke aura bAda Aye choTe brahmacArI bhI jainendra se savAyA aura Dyor3hA khA sakate the / basa kama khAne kI bAta ko sirpha isaliye cintA kI bAta nahIM samabhA gayA ki khelakada meM jainendra pUrA hissA lete the aura agara saba meM avvala nahIM the to saba se pIche bhI nahIM the| garukala meM zataraMja khelanA manA na thaa| manA kaisA, eka tarIke se khilAyA jAtA thaa| aura use kisI hada taka jarUrI samajhA jAtA thaa| hAM, usake dina aura vakta niyata the / zataraMja ke khela meM jainendra kaI adhyApakoM se bhI acchA khela lete the| kisI vajaha se jainendrakumAra ko apanI tAlIma pUrI kiye binA gurukula chor3anA par3A aura san 18 meM mAsTara balavaMtasiMhajI ke pAsa bijanaura meM rahakara paMjAba maiTrika kI taiyArI kii| aura jisa sAla gAMdhIjI ke pakar3e jAne kI vajaha se dillI meM golI calI, usI sAla paMjAba maiTrika kA imtahAna diyA aura ittaphAka se dillI TAuna hAla para jisa vakta golI calI thI, usa vakta caudaha barasa ke jainendrakumAra vahIM maujUda the aura usa golI-kAMDa ko aise dekhate rahe mAnoM usake liye vaha eka mAmUlI khela thA / maiTrika karane ke bAda vaha banArasa yUnivarsiTI meM dAkhila ho gaye aura san 20 meM jaba asahayoga Andolana z2oroM ke sAtha zurU huA, taba inhoMne apane mAmA ko eka patra likhA ki vaha kAleja chor3akara Andolana meM hissA lenA cAhate haiM / jisake javAba meM unake mAmA ne likhA ki honA to yaha cAhiye thA ki tuma mujhe khabara dete ki tumane kAleja chor3a diyA hai, na ki yaha ki tuma mujhase kAleja chor3ane kI ijAz2ata cAha rahe ho / isa khata ko pAkara inhoMne vahI kiyA jo karane ke liye vaha khata unheM bhir3aka rahA thaa| jainendrakumAra kA irA vakta solahavAM varSa cala rahA thaa| jainendrakumAra kA isase Age kA jIvana bAlakapana kI hada se pare calA jAtA hai, isaliye isako hama yahIM khatma karate haiN|

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zrI himAMzu jozI barpha se DhakI eka jhIla : eka sAhityakAra barphIlI pahAr3oM se ghirI eka jhIla / hima kI safeda jhInI se DhakI rahane ke kAraNa jisakI gahanatA kA aMkana sarala nahIM / kisI hada taka sambhava nahIM kahA jAya to sambhavataH atyukti na hogii| kahate haiM logoM ne apanI bauddhika sAmarthya ke anusAra caTTAneM khuraca-khuraca kara, mana ke mutAbika nAnA prakAra kI rAheM nikAla liiN| kucha rahasya taka pahu~ce, kucha nahIM pahu~ce / kuchoM ne gagana-bhedI udghoSa kiyA-hA~, ve pahu~ce, ve samajhe / ho sakatA hai kucha samajha bhI gae hoM / kucha na bhI samajhe hoM / vastutaH donoM ne do prora-chora thAma lie| ___ dhavala svaccha khAdI ke vastra, haule-haule bolanA, haule-haule calanA, haule-haule socanA / lekina socanA hara ghar3I, hara samaya / adhakhicar3I bAla , mAthe kI moTImoTI silavaTeM, dhotI kuratA aura loI / kurte meM halke se kAle baTana, jebI ghar3I (zAyada aba hAtha kI ho gaI hai), A~khoM para kAle phrema kA cazmA-jo bAbA Adama ke jamAne se calA A rahA hai| karaghe ke kapar3oM ke sAtha ghara meM kisI ne nAilona ke raMgIna mauje kharIda kara dhara die haiM na / basa, aba dinoM, mahInoM ve hI cleNge| bArabAra vicAra AtA hai-ye acche nhiiN| para jaba sAmane rakha diye to phira / pasanda apanI nahIM, dUsaroM kI jo hai / kyA kiyA jAya / gAMdhI bAbA kA ahiMsaka mArga jo apanAyA hai| bahuta varSa pahale eka kahAnI par3hI thI-khela / lekhaka kA nAma thA jainendra kumAra / taba acchI lagI thI zAyada / bAlU ke nanheM-nanheM ghara taba acche lagate the / aba bacapana ke kheloM kI taraha 'khela' bhI bhUla gayA / hA~, vaha yAda hai-'kAgA cuna-cuna khAiyo * *oha jaahnvii|' abodha kIla kI taraha mana meM aisI gar3I ki basa gar3I rhii| phira jamUre se bhI nikAle nikalI nahIM / TUTa avazya gaI / lekina TUTe kA~Te kA trh..| maiM dinoM taka usake bAre meM socatA rahA / socatA rahA-oha, kaisI abUjha phUhar3a lar3akI / 'piyA milana kI praas.| aura anaginata TUTate kauve...|| hU~, yaha bhI koI kahAnI hai / AdamI ko jo parezAna kara de / sAhitya kA paryAya kyA parezAnI hai / phira kyA yaha sAhitya hai / vastutaH kucha aura hai / merA mana ( 15 )

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva taba bhI yahI kahatA thA aura Aja bhI / lekhaka ne yaha kaise likhI hogI / jAhnavI usakI kyA lagatI hogii| jAhnavI ko to maiM jAnatA huuN| zAyada aura bhI bahuta se loga bahuta-sI jAhnaviyoM ko jAnate hoMge / jaba bhI kabhI socatA hU~ mana anAyAsa udAsa ho pAtA hai--hu~.. kAgA' / huN| 'tumane merA kauna-sA sAhitya par3hA hai ?' 'jI jAhnavI par3hI hai|' "aura ?" "jI jAhnavI !" 'aura / ' "jI jaahnvii|" maiM cauMka par3atA hU~---"jI nahIM, nahIM, kAleja ke dinoM bahuta sI kitAbeM par3hI thIM-'tyAga-patra thA / ' vaha, bIte dina vAlA 'vyatIta' thaa| vaha kaTTo ! jI nahIM 'parakha' aura tinnI vaalii-jii|" "tuma karate kyA ho Ajakala ?" "basa, kucha nahIM / jAhnavI likhatA huuN| jI nahIM / jI nhiiN| kahAniyAM likhatA hU~ - / likhatA to hU~, para samajha meM nahIM pAtA kaisI likhatA huuN| samabhi.e banda aMdhere kamare meM cakkara kATatA huuN|" "hA~, vastutaH aisA hI hai / ' dArzanika bhASA meM uttara AtA hai- "samajha na pAnA bhI eka taraha se pAnA hI hai|" pIle sUraja vAle jAr3oM ke ThaNDa dina haiM / nIlA kamarA nIle paradoM se ghirA hai / pharza para jUTa kI nIlI bichAvana hai| nIlA sophA, takhta para nIlI cAdara aura phuke bailUna kI taraha nIlA takiyA hai--nIle ajagara kI taraha leTA / yaha dariyAgaMja ke kinAre RSi-bhavana hai| bAhara phaiz2a bAz2Ara kI doharI sar3aka para moTara-kAroM kI katAreM bhAgI jA rahI haiN| ghara-ghara-ghara dhar3a-dhar3a karatI phaTaphaTiyoM kI AvAja, khir3akI kI rAha berahamI se bhItara baiThakara kAna ke pardo ko bedha rahI haiM / sAmane pA~voM ke pAsa nIlI alamArI ke nIce eka gola-gola nIlA globa rakhA hai| dharatI kI pratimUrti hai / loga kahate haiM dharatI ghUmatI rahatI hai, dina rAta caubIsoM ghaNTe / para eka glova hai / ghUmatA bhI nahIM / udAsa muMha laTakAe / Upara dhUla kI halkI taha jamI hai / globa bhI sADhe bAIsa aMza kA tirachA koNa banAkara ghUmatA to kyA hotA / ___maiM sAmane kI ora dekhatA huuN|-do-tiin aura svanAmadhanya sAhitya-sRSTA baiThe haiM / bar3e-bar3e moTe haiM / nahIM, ye sAhityakAra nahIM / sAhityakAra to musIbata meM rahate haiM / dubale-patale hote haiM / maiM jijJAsu nirIha bAlaka kI taraha usa barpha se ghirI nIlI jhIla kI thAha lene .

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barapha se DhakI eka jhIla : eka sAhityakAra + kI koziza kara rahA huuN| nahIM, nahI, jisakI apanI hI thAha nahI / jo sar3ayoM para dina bhara bhramita-sA bhaTakatA hai, rAjadhAnI kI bar3I-bar3I U~cI dIvAroM se TakarAtA hai, giratA hai, phira uThatA hai, ghar3I bhara kisI ghane per3a kI chAMha para baiThakara mAthe para ubharA pasInA poMchatA hai, phira Age kI rAha TaTolatA hai |--bhlaa yaha kyA thAha legaa| "kAma kyA karate ho ?" "samajhie koI nahIM / kahAniyAM likhakara jI lene kI socatA hai / aura-" sAmane se ThahAkA uThatA hai / -jaise barpha se DhakI jhIla para vizAla patthara lur3haka-Dhulaka kara dhamAke se girA ho / "kahAniyA~ likhakara-" phira sannATA chA jAtA hai / adhakhicar3I vAloM para parezAnI se hAtha phiratA hai| mAthe para moTI-moTI silavaTeM ubharatI haiN| cehare para dhUpa-chA~ha kI taraha koI vicAra grAtA hai. phira vilIna ho jAtA hai / oMTha kiMcit khulate haiM, phira bhica pAte haiM / cazme kI proTa meM ghirI A~khoM para ajaba-sA sUnA bhAva ubhara AtA hai, phira projhala ho jAtA hai "kyA kahA ? kahAniyA~ likhakara / " + lagatA hai Rtu badala gaI hai aba, kintu dina-rAta kI vahI bhAgama-bhAga / AdamiyoM ke jaMgala meM kahIM maiM kho na jaauuN|-ddr lagatA hai / pasIne se bhIgA zarIra jaise moma kI taraha gala rahA hai / maiM zIze ke sAmane khar3A hotA huuN| dekhatA hU~- zarIra dina-prati-dina chIjatA jA rahA hai / mere sacita sapana-suhAne aAkAza kusUma kI taraha adRzya ho rahe haiM / maiM kahAniyA~ likhatA huuN| basa, kahAniyA~ likhUgA / maiM samajhautA nahIM kara sakatA / ghara vApisa nahIM jA sktaa| hA~, phira vahI kamarA hai| --nIlama kI taraha niilaa| vaise hI cupa khar3A nIlA globa / nolI chata, nIlI dIvAreM, nIle parde / -kaisI bAta hai| paramAtmA ne manuSya ko eka muha diyA hai to do hAtha bhI to ! ... ___--prAdamI jitanI mahanata karatA hai, hamezA usase kama pArizramika pAtA hai| - "-- tumhAre ghara meM kauna hai ?" maiM jaise jagatA hU~---- mAM hai / " bar3I muzkila se kaha pAtA hU~ / merA jIvana na mAlUma kyoM khinna ho pAtA hai / globa para phira merI palake nipaka par3atI haiM / maiM visphArita vivaza netroM se dekha rahA hUM-globa ghumatA kyoM nhiiN|

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18 "kahIM eplAi kiyA hai ?' "jI hAM / reDiyo meM vAyasa - TaisTa hone vAlA hai / ... "aura "aur"|" "amuka sampAdaka se tuma mile / amuka-amuka sthAnoM meM tumhArI racanAe~ chapa sakatI haiM / chapanA pratibimba hai / jaba taka chapeMgI nahIM, tuma kaise jAna sakate ho ki tuma kaisA likhate ho / " TAlsTAya, premacanda Adi bahuta se sAhityakAroM ke bahuta se dRSTAnta Ate haiM / -- " premacanda se jaba maiM milA to aisA hI kucha maiMne bhI kahA thA / " jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva maiM dRSTAntoM se Uba cukA " tumhAre hAtha meM kyA hai ?" "jI, kucha nahIM, kucha nahIM / " maiM khisiyA kara kahatA hUM / "kucha to hai / " "jI hUM hUM - kucha nahIM / " "are, vAha kucha kyoM nahIM / " "jI, yoM hI kucha likhA thA / basa yoM hI / " " dikhalAo / " kyA karUM mujhe sUjhatA nahIM / kSaNa bhara kiMkarttavyavimUr3ha khar3A rahatA hUM | kaisa kahU~ ki yaha par3hane yogya kahAnI nahIM hai / - aisA bhI kahIM ho sakatA hai / " acchA chor3a jAzro / hama dekhege / tIna baje grAnA / 7 / 36 hamAre ghara / " maiM bAhara 'ghor3e vAle pArka' meM par3A par3A jeTha- zrASAr3ha ke tapate tIna ghaMTe guz2Ara | calane lagatA hUM / detA hU~ / tIna bajane vAle haiN| samaya kI ora se maiM bahuta satarka hUM / na tIna bajane se eka minaTa kama ho, na gradhika / 7 / 36 ke daravAje khaTakhaTAtA hU~ / zra " bhaI, kahAnI dekha gayA / acchI hai / amuka sampAdaka ke pAsa jAo / kahanA unhoMne bhejA hai / kahanA ki vaha mujhe fona kara leM / " " jI yaha to kucha nahIM / yaha bhI kahIM chapa sakatI hai ?" ! tuma kaise kahate ho / "cc N 0 O "" O "inheM jAnate ho ?" dIvAra kI ora iMgita hai / eka citra TaMgA hai-- raMgIna / zobhiyAnA / kapAsa kI taraha khilI dAr3hI, khAdI kI loI pror3he / sundara kAlA phrema / phoma ke Upara sunahare tAroM kI camacamAtI mAlA par3I hai, jo nIce taka laTaka rahI hai / gAMdhI jI ke citra ke alAvA basa yahI eka citra hai jo nIlI dIvAra para TaMgA hai|

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barapha se DhakI eka jhIla : eka sAhityakAra yaha AdamI avazya koI dArzanika hai| joradAra hai / maiM dekhate hI samajha gayA / "ye aAjakala hamAre yahAM Ae hue haiM / maiM lagabhaga mahIne bhara ke lie yUropa jA rahA huuN| taba taka inake lekhana Adi meM sahAyatA kara do|" phira mere cehare kA bhAva par3hane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA--'are, inheM mahAtmA jI kahate haiN|" ____ merI samajha meM nahIM aataa| mahAtmA jI to eka hI haiM jo dIvAra kI dUsarI ora baiThe haiM-khaddara kI cAdara or3ha / hAM, phira batalAyA jAtA hai--inheM mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna jI kahate haiM / mujhe apanI alpa buddhi para tarasa AtA hai / maiM itanA bhI nahIM jaantaa| . "acchA, tuma unase mila jaayo| 'arI, kakkU inheM pahuMcA do|" nanhIM kavakU rAstA batalAtI hai / eka makAna ke Age khar3A kara detI hai| kharaDI khaTiyA para virAjamAna dIvAra vAle citra kI pratimUtti dekhatA hai, to apanI A~khoM para mujhe vizvAsa nahIM ho pAtA / phema vAle AdamI aura binA phema ke AdamI meM tIna aura cha: kA antara hai| krazakAya, ghuTA huA sira, kapAsa kI taraha khilI dAr3hI nadArata / 'cArapAI kI bag2ala meM bharI huI pIka-dAna / ... maiM lauTa jAtA huuN| apanI asamarthatA prakaTa karatA huuN| bImArI kA bahAnA banAtA hU~ aura phira haphtoM taka udhara jhAMkane kA nAma taka nahIM letaa| jhamAjhama pAnI gira rahA hai / barakhA kI tirachI bauchAreM par3a rahI haiN| sar3akeM naharoM kA kAma de rahI hai| maiM pAnI meM DubA galI-galI bhaTaka rahA hU~ / calatecalate sahasA pA~va ThiThaka par3ate haiN| cAroM ora ananta, asIma jala hI jala / lahareM hI lahareM / kahIM koI vinArA nhiiN| mere paMkha thaka gae haiM / maiM phira jahAja kI ora lauTatA haiN| 'kaho hajarata kyA hAla hai ?'' vahI sadA kI svAbhAvika amlAna muskAna / "kyA kara rahe ho Ajakala ?" "basa yhiiN..|" mAlUma hai isa vyakti ne jhUTha bolA thA / vakta para kAma nahIM AyA thA, phira bhI 'canda dinoM baad......| ...bhaI dekho, itane tumhAre khAne meM kharca hoMge / itane kapar3e-latte meM / aura jeba kharca itane meM AsAnI se cala sakatA hai / ... ''to ghara ke lie dasa rupae to bacA hI sakate ho nA..." ___... maiM bhI kabhI aise hI ghara se nikala par3A thA / dillI chor3akara kalakattA gayA thaa| do paise kA ittA bar3A tela kA parAThA hAvar3A sTezana para khAyA thA,

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20 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva prAja bhI yAda hai| lekina maiM rItA lauTa AyA thA. mA~ ke pAsa / ikalautA beTA jo thA na ! 'tumhArI taraha / " maiM pIche mur3akara dekha rahA hU~ / Aja kitanA samaya bIta gayA / dhUla se DhaMkA globa Aja bhI vahIM para hai, usI taraha / dharatI apanI paridhi para na mAlUma kitanI bAra ghUma gii| kitane basanta, kitane patajhar3a bIta gae / duniyA kahA~ kI kahA~ calI gii| jozI Aphisa kA kAma hI nahIM dekhatA, ghara kA bhI eka sadasya hai / maiM rAta ko dera taka par3hatA huuN| ataH subaha Aphisa pahu~catA hU~ to A~khoM meM tanika lalAI jhalakatI hai| "kyoM bhaI, khairiyata to hai / ghara se koI ciTThI-viTThI to nahIM pAI ?" "nahIM to|" binA pUche hI maiM kahanA zurU kara detA hU~-"rAta ko par3hatepar3hate patA hI nahIM calA kaba kitanA samaya bIta gayA / kitAba khatama hone para hoza pAe ki rAta ke cAra baje haiN|" cAra, chaH, dasa, bAraha bajate jA rahe haiM / samaya bItatA jA rahA hai| dina bItate jA rahe haiN| -bhaI, inheM jAnate ho|' ye kahAniyA~ lekha vagairaha likhA karate haiN|' ____"-- bhaI, vArAnnikova, ye / " vArAnnikova ha~sa kara kahate haiM ki ve mujhe bahuta pahale se jAnate haiN| "--satyakAma ye..." "... prAja reDiyo meM jozI kI kahAnI pAne vAlI hai / kyoM bhaI / " reDiyo ke pAsa cAra-cha: jane khar3e haiM-yaha grAkAzavANI dillI hai--baccoM kA kAryakramasUho kA sitAra-likhane vAle haiM... / "-tuma ghara jA rahe ho / paise-vaise haiM kucha yA yoM hI ?.. 'bhaI, sunanA bhagavatI jI-kucha hai tumhAre pAsa / " -socatA hU~ kabhI-kabhI paisA-vaisA kyA hai / saba loga pArivArika bhAvanA lekara raheM, sAtha raheM-AzramoM kI taraha / lekina siddhAnta paura yathArtha / ... zarad kI dhulI cA~danI meM, varSA kI bauchAroM meM, umar3ate-umar3ate jhaMjhA vArtA meM, yAni ki hara Rtu hara mausama meM maiMne isa barphIlI jhIla ko dekhA hai| lekina kabhI vicalita nahIM paayaa| tUphAna Ate haiM aura nikala jAte haiM / hima-maMDita jvAlAmukhI kI taraha zAnta / 'sataha para lahareM bhI zAyada kisI ne na dekhI hoNgii| eka sanAtana bhAva, eka sanAtana vicAra-pArka para khar3I mUrti kI taraha /

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barapha se DhakI eka jhIla : eka sAhityakAra 21 na jAne kauna-sI videza-yAtrA hai| taiyArI ho cukI hai / zizira ke dina haiM / dhudhalA hai / kuhAmA hai / loga phUla mAlAeM lie kAra kI ora bar3ha rahe haiN| lekina yaha kyA yaha kauna-sA kurtA pahana liyA / prAstIna para se bilkula phaTa gayA hai| - are bhaI, saba ThIka hai / kyA dharA hai kapar3oM meM / phUloM se DhaMkI deha, phaTA kurtA, videza yAtrA / eka sAhityakAra-hindI kA... / premacanda kI pIr3hI kaa| aura yAda AtA hai / bahuta varSa pUrva hue eziyAI lekhaka sammelana ke dinoM meM dekhatA hU~ --bhaI, pAlama jAnA thA, rUsI Deligezana ko lene / "lekina--kAra se eka bhalA mAnaSa daba gayA / bIca sar3aka para becArA ghabarAkara bhAgane lagA / gA~va kA mAlUma hotA hai / ..'' sunA, kAra rokI / durghaTanAgrasta AdamI ko aspatAla meM bharatI karavAyA / khada pulisa ke pAsa pahu~cakara apanI riporTa darja karavAI / DrAivara ko bhI bara zA nhiiN| phira---- "bhaI 'pradIpa' / jozI koI hai|" "... " "bhaI sammelana jAnA thaa| kucha paise-vaise haiN|" ...........!" "kucha to hoNge|" "basa, basa / itane se kAma nikala jaaegaa| bahata haiN|" kahate haiM sAhityakAroM ne sAhitya kI daur3a meM hI bhAga nahIM liyA, batki kAroM kI daur3a meM bhI / maiM aise haz2AroM ko jAnatA hU~ jo sIlana bhare kueM se nikala kara AlIzAna phlaiToM meM cale gae haiN| bahuta se dhIra-gambhIra, sudhI sajjana bhI isa sputanika-yuga' meM pIche nahIM rahe haiM / Arthika, sAmAjika, sAhityika hara taraha kI pratiSThA kI aisI majabUta kilebaMdI kI hai ki pralaya kA jvAra bhI unheM DhahA nahIM sktaa| ___ lekina dekhatA hU~ / socatA hU~-grAja bhI vahI kirAye kA nIlA kamarA hai / vahI nIle parde, vahI dhUla se DhaMkA nIlA globa / vaisA hii| raMcamAtra bhI parivartana nhiiN|

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22 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva dinoM-mahInoM meM Aja bhI kabhI udhara jAtA hai-usa galI se hokara gujaratA hU~ / dekhatA hU~-saba kucha vaisA hI hai--jaisA do sAla dasa sAla, bIsa sAla pahale thaa| duniyA kI daur3a meM kauna Age nikalatA hai-rukane vAlA yA bhAgane vaalaa| globa yA pRthvI... ! sAhityakAra yA sAhitya kAra / sapheda barphAnI cAdara se DhaMkI eka jhIla / eka sAhityakAra ... / "-bhaI jhIla kI gaharAI tuma jAnate ho !" "nahIM-nahIM ! hima se DhaMke pAnI kI gaharAI nApanA apane vaza kI bAta nhiiN|"

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DAkTara rAjezvara guru jainendrakumAra : vyaktitva darzana 'parakha' aura 'sunItA' ke lekhana se prArambha karake gAMdhIvAdI sarvodayI darzana kI maMz2ila taka kA patha ekadama Rju nahIM dIkha par3atA / manovizleSaNAtmaka upanyAsoM ke kartA ke sAtha mAnavatAvAdI, prAdarzonmukhI dArzanika kA mela ThIka-ThIka nahIM baiThatA, yaha aneka tArkikoM kA mata hai| kintu sahI bAta yahI hai ki ghora vyavahArika yathArtha kI saMkulatA ke bIca se hI Adarza apanA rAstA banAkara calatA hai| yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki yathArtha kI dRSTi jitanI gaharI aura panI hogI, Adarza kI kAnti utanI hI prakhara aura AkarSaka hogii| jo jIvana ko jitanI hI maz2abUtI se pakar3egA, AsthA se grahaNa karegA, vaha utanI hI dRr3hatA se, utane hI vizvAsa ke sAtha jIvana ke yathArtha ko kaha pAyegA aura Adarza ko chU sakegA / soceM, to jAna par3egA ki isa upalabdhi ke lie AvazyakatA eka adbhuta bauddhika saMtulana kI hai, jo yathArtha ko cipacipAhaTa aura Adarza ko AkAza kusumatA ke khatare se bacAe raha sake / agara kaheM ki jainendrakumAra kA vyaktitva aise hI saMtulana kA vyaktitva hai, to saMbhavataH yaha unakA sabase saccA paricaya hogaa| aparicaya meM jJAna adhUrA raha jAtA hai, ati-paricaya meM vaha rAgAtmaka ho uThatA hai / maiM jainendrakumAra se paricita hU~, itanA hI ki unake bAre meM nikaTatA se jAna sakA hU~, itanA adhika nahIM ki unakI bAta ko lekara ekadama bhAvuka ho utthuu| do dazAbdiyA~ hone AI haiM, jaba unake sAtha unake nivAsa sthAna para Taharane kA avasara milA thA / taba zrImatI subhadrAkumArI cauhAna jIvita thIM / ve bhI mere sAtha thiiN| dUsarI bAra koI pA~ca varSa pUrva ve bhopAla Aye the aura taba do dina unake sAtha rahane kA avasara prAyA thaa| ina do sampakoM meM vibhinna sUtroM se jainendrakumAra ke sambandha meM apanI nijI dhAraNA banAne meM sahAyatA milii| jaba maiM premacanda ke sambandha meM likha rahA thA, taba premacanda sambandhI unake lekha ko lekara kucha patra-vyavahAra bhI merA jainendra jI se huA thaa| unako jAnane meM yaha prasaMga bhI upayogI siddha huaa| vistRta paricaya denA AsAna huA karatA hai / vistAra se kahI bAta satya ko kama se kama sthUla rUpa meM rakhane meM to saphala ho jAtI hai, lekina jahA~ vistAra kI ( 23 )

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24 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva gujAiza na ho, jo kathanIya hai use sUtra meM kahane ke atirikta koI cArA na ho, vahAM kaThinAI khar3I ho jAtI hai| jainendra jI ke sambandha meM yahI saMkaTa hai| unakA vyaktitva sUtrAtmaka hai, gUtra ke sahAre hI unake vistAra ko samabhAnA hogaa| unake bAhya kI saralatA aura antara kI gambhIratA unake paricaya ke cAroM ora paridhA-sI khIMce rahatI hai, jinheM lA~ghakara bhItara pahu~ca pAnA sarvathA AsAna nahIM hotA / __jo mitabhApI ho, jisakA mauna usakI mukharatA se adhika vAcAla ho, jo rUpa se arUpa aura dRzya se adRzya taka phaila sakane vAlI dRSTi lie hue ho, jo vartamAna ke kSitija para kisI bhaviSya kA Aloka draSTA ho, use ekadama sAmAnya vidhi se pahavAnanA, parakhanA saMbhava nahIM hotA / maiM jaba-jaba jainendrajI ke bAre meM socatA hU~, to mere sAmane prazAnta mahAsAgara kA citra sAkAra ho uThatA hai| yaha kathana spaSTatA kI apekSA rakhatA hai| jainendrajI kI mahAsAgaratA isameM hai ki aAnI abhivyakti meM bhI utane hI agamya, dustara haiM / unake bhItarI Ar3olana abhivyakti meM jaise sakUca jAte haiN| lekina koI kahe ki bhItara ratna nahIM haiM, to lagegA ki avagAhI abhI abodha hai / hA~, yaha ThIka hai ki ina ratnoM kI parakha sarva-sulabha nahIM hai| yaha nirvivAda hai ki jainendrajI mUlataH vicAraka haiN| unakA kathAkAra unake bujurga vicAraka kA pallA pakar3akara calatA hai / jahA~ kathAkAra para yaha vicAraka hAvI nahIM huaA hai, vahA~ jainendra kI kRti kathA-sAhitya kA gaurava bana gaI hai / lekina aneka prasaMgoM meM jainendra kA vicAraka kathAkAra ko ekadama apane niyaMtraNa meM rakhane kI koziza meM kathA-rasa meM vyAghAta pahu~cAtA jAna par3atA hai / phira bhI yaha satya hai ki jainendra ke samasta vyaktitva kA rahasya unake vicArakatva meM hai / jisane jainendra ke vicAra ekatra kie the, usane yaha mAna liyA thA ki(jainendra kA vicAraka rUpa hI unakA prakRta jainendra kA kathA-sAhitya vidroha kA sAhitya hai / vaha vyakti-svAtantrya ko samAja kI vedI para vali hote dekhakara kSubdha ho uThatA hai, usakA vidroha tejasvitA ke sAtha mukhara ho uThatA hai| unhoMne samAja meM girI haI nArI kI jaisI himAyata kI hai, vaisI kisI krAMtidRSTA kI kRti aura vANI meM hI saMbhava hai, para samAja se ekadama inkAra karake, usako AbhUla nayA banAne kI koziza karane vAlA samAja kI sAdhAraNatA ke sAtha mela na khA sakane ke kAraNa samAja se dUra jA par3atA hai| yahIM usa vyAvahArikatA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, jo gA~dhI jaise krAMti dRSTA meM milatI hai| bAda meM jainendra ne gAMdhIvAda ko svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu gAMdhIvAda kA vyAvahArika pakSa jisa sAmaMjasya ko sAdhakara calanA cAhatA hai, vaha jainendra ke kathA-sAhitya meM nahIM

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jainendrakumAra : vyaktitva darzana 25 bhI milatA / tabhI unakI kathA - kRtiyA~ eka becainI-sI jagAkara raha jAtI haiN| tabhI lagatA hai ki unakI kaTTo, unakI sunItA, unakI mRNAla unake viruddha eka Aropapatra, eka abhiyoga patra lie janatA kI adAlata meM khar3I haiM / jainendra ne yadyapi ina bez2abAnoM ko sahanazIlatA ke mAdhyama se vAraNI pradAna to kI hai, kintu unake prati sahAnubhUti-saMvedanA jaisI kucha, jitanI kucha jaganI cAhie, vaha jaga nahIM pAtI / - aura vicAraka jainendrakumAra ke sambandha meM Alocaka kahatA hai ki unakI prakriyA mAtra maMthana kI prakriyA hai, kintu maMthana jaba taka navanIta na de pAye, usakI sArthakatA siddha nahIM hotii| agara darzana meM sAdhanA aura siddhi jaisI sthitiyA~ saMbhava haiM, to kaheMge ki jainendra kA vicAraka abhI sAdhaka hai / saMbhavata: bAta aisI kucha bhI ho sakatI hai, jaisI AcArya vinobA bhAve ke sambandha meM kahI jAtI hai / sarvodayI darzana ko vyavahAra meM phailAne kA prayatna vinobA kara rahe haiM, kintu nihita svArtha DhaMga-DhaMga se bAdhAe~ khar3I kara rahe haiN| tabhI eka sahaja satya logoM ko atyanta spandita nahIM kara pA rahA hai| saMbhavataH bhautikatA ke nivir3a vAtAvaraNa meM sarvodayI darzana kI vicAradhArA abhI garama tave kI bU~da banI huI hai / lekina bhautikatA kA atireka eka dina svayaM jaba prAdhyAtmikatA ke lie vikala ho uThegA, usa dina sambhavata: jainendra kI vANI kA marma jana mAnava adhika samajha pAyegA jainendra kathAkAra haiM, vicAraka haiM, dArzanika haiM / 1

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prophesara prakAzacaMdra gupta jainendra : upanyAsakAra tapa-vihvala, khaddara-bhUSita, ahaMkAra se kindinmAtra chue eka yuvaka kalAkAra kI mUrti hamAre mana meM uThatI hai| usameM saralatA hai, utsAha hai, lagana hai, vicAramaulikatA hai| ucca kalAkAra ke usameM svAbhAvika guNa hai / kucha hI varSoM meM usane hindI ke kahAnI-saMsAra meM apanA sthAna surakSita banA liyA hai| kSitija se uThakara vaha nakSatra AkAza meM U~cA pahuca gayA hai / kyA hai usakA bhaviSya ? yaha prazna sahaja hI mana meM uThatA hai| aba taka usake do kahAnI-saMgraha-'vAtAyana' aura 'eka rAta'- aura tIna upanyAsa nikala cuke haiM-'parakha', 'sunItA', 'tyAgapatra / ' Aja hama usake vyaktitva ko bhUlakara kevala usake tIna upanyAsoM kI 'parakha', karege / 'sunItA' kI prastAvanA meM upanyAsakAra ne likhA hI hai : 'pAThaka pustaka meM mujhe muzkila se pAyegA / yaha nahIM ki maiM usake pratyeka zabda meM nahIM huuN| lekina pustaka ke jina pAtroM ke mAdhyama se maiM pAThaka ko prApta hotA hU~, pratyeka sthAna para una pAtroM ke anurUpa merA rUpa vikRta ho jAtA hai / unheM sAmane karake maiM proTa meM ho jAtA huuN| jaise sRSTi Izvara ko chipAye hai, vaise meM bhI apane ina pAtroM ke pIche chipA huA huuN-'| ___ ina zabdoM ke pIche jainendra kalAkAra ke aneka guNa chire haiM-saralatA, maulikatA aura zabdoM ke ADambara ko cIratA huyA zaoN sarIkhA unakA suparicita 'ahaMbhAva' / / jainendra choTA paTa-citra pasaMda karate haiM / do-eka manuSya-bhAvanAtroM ko lekara hI vaha gahare se gahare jAne kA prayatna karate haiM / 'parakha' aura 'sunItA' ke kathAnaka meM eka prakAra kI samAnatA bhI hai / eka strI ke cAroM ora do puruSoM ke jIvana-svapna kendrita haiN| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhAna hotA hai ki jainendra kI kalA upanyAsakalA nahIM, varan galpa-kalA hai, kyoMki jIvana ke kisI laghu aMga kI vivecanA hI unheM adhika pasaMda hai / jainendra manuSya ke antarbhAvoM ke vizleSaNa meM bahuta dUra jAte haiM aura unakI kalA meM hameM jIvana kI jaTilatA kA bhAsa hotA hai, isI kAraNa unako saphala upanyAsakAra kahA jA sakatA hai| kalA kA koI eka sthAyI svarUpa nahIM / yuga aura vyakti vizeSa ke sAtha usake bAhya rUpa meM parivartana A jAtA hai| 'sunItA' kI prastAvanA meM jainendra svayaM kahate haiM : 'pustaka meM maiMne koI lambI ( 26 )

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. .. jainendra : upanyAsakAra 27 caur3I kahAnI nahIM kahI hai| tIna-cAra vyaktiyoM se merA kAma cala gayA hai / isa vizva ke choTe se choTe khaNDa ko lekara hama citra banA sakate hai aura usameM satya ke darzana pA sakate haiN| usake dvArA hama satya ke darzana karA bhI sakate haiM / jo brahmANDa meM hai, vahI piNDa meM bhI hai / isalie apane citra ke lie bar3e kanvAsa kI jarata mujhe nahIM lagI, thor3e meM saba kucha ko kyoM na dikhAyA jA sake ?' jainendra kA saMsAra mAno a~dhiyAre Aloka se jhilamila hai / eka prakAra kA kuNThita, avasAda bharA yahAM kA vAyumaNDala hai / khule grAma, kheta, havA isa vyathA-bhAra se dave nimna zreNI ke madhya varga ko nasIba nhiiN| isa citrapaTa para janendra ke kaThina jIvana kI spaSTa chApa hai| 'sunItA' meM avazya hama kucha khulI-sI havA meM sA~sa lete haiN| nahIM to parakha' kI kAzmIra-suSamA meM bhI harSa aura ullAsa kA nAma nahIM / madhya varga ke DUbate prANI hI nirantara isa jaga meM tairate-utarAte haiM / kaTTo kA bhagna ghara jahAM adhapakI jAmuna per3a se anAyAsa hI paTa-paTa gira par3atI haiM; satya kA 'dIvAroM se ghirA' a~dherA kamarA; sunItA kA sannATe bharA ghara jahA~ pistaula kA zabda bhI vAyu meM gUja kara kho jAtA hai; pramoda kI buyA kI kuNThita koTharI-vyathA-bhAra se dabe isa vAyumaMDala ke bAdala mAno aba barase, aba barase ! ___ 'sunItA' meM jo citra banAne kA prayatna hariprasanna kara rahA hai, vahI janendra ke hRdaya kI pIr3A hai / zabdoM meM use vyakta karane kA ve prayatna kara rahe haiN| 'hirana ke peTa meM jo gA~Tha hotI hai, use kastUrI kahate haiN| usako liye-liye vaha bhramatA rahatA hai, becaina rahatA hai| usake liye vaha zApa hai / kastUrI hamAre liye hai, usake lie vaha gA~Tha hai / yaha citra hariprasanna ke citta kI gA~Tha hai|' yaha janendra ke liye bhI lAgU ho sakate haiN| jainendra ke plaoNTa sIdhe-sAde hote haiM / ve svayaM hI kahate haiM / 'kahAnI sunAnA merA uddezya nahIM hai / ' ve mAnava-svabhAva kI bahuta ulajhI huI gutthiyA~ sulabhAne meM lage haiN| 'parakha' meM satyadhana khoTe nikale / kaTTo se vacanabaddha hokara bhI ve sukha aura vaibhava kI aora Dhulaka par3e / zaratcandra kI 'arakSaNIyA' meM yahI citra bhayaMkara hokara duHsaha duHkhadAyI ho jAtA hai / arakSaraNIyA kA apane mukha para vaha TikalI aura kAjala lagAnA kitanA asahya ho uThatA hai ! 'sunItA' aura ravi bAbU ke 'ghare-bAhare' meM vidvAnoM ne samatA dekhI hai / eka strI kucha vicitra hI DhaMga se do mitroM ko pAsa lAtI hai aura dUra karatI hai / 'sunItA' kA pUrvavartI bhAga ucca aura majI kalA kA namUnA hai / pichale bhAga meM kalAkAra kathA kA pravAha ThIka-ThIka nibhA sakane para bhI apane maMtavya meM kucha aspaSTa hai| yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki vaha adhika gUr3ha ho gayA hai / 'tyAga-patra' apane lakSya meM avirAma aura acUka dhAra meM bahA hai / bhAgya kI-sI kaThinatA aura anavaratatA isake kathAnaka meM hai / isa prabala prabhAva kA virAma jIvana kI caTTAnoM para TakarAkara

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28 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva bhagna hone meM hI hai| jainendra ke vastu-bhAga meM kalAkAra bahuta Age rahatA hai| hamArI prAMkhoM kI ora nahIM rahatA / nirantara vaha apane pAtroM ke bhAvoM kA vizleSaNa karane meM nimagna hai| 'parakha' meM avazya aneka nATya-dRzya haiM, jinameM hama kahAnIkAra ko bhUla-se jAte haiN| jainendra ke pAtroM meM cAra puruSa aura tIna strI vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / satyadhana aura bihArI, zrIkAnta aura hariprasanna isa prakAra Amane-sAmane rakhe gaye haiM ki eka dUsare ke caritra para prakAza par3e / jainendra manu yoM kA citraNa karate haiM / devatA aura dAnavoM meM unheM vizvAga nhiiN| parakha' kI bhUmikA meM grApa likhate haiM, 'sabhI pAtroM ko maiMne apane hRdaya kI sahAnubhUti dI hai / jahA~ yaha nahIM kara pAyA hU~, usI sthala para, samajhatA hU~, maiM cUkA huuN| duniyA meM kauna hai jo burA honA cAhatA hai--aura kauna hai, jo burA nahIM hai, acchA hI acchA hai ? na koI devatA hai, na pazu / sava AdamI hI haiM, devatA se kama aura pazu se Upara / ' phira bhI hameM jaise lagatA hai ki satyadhana apane Adarza se gira gaye, jIvana kI 'parakha' meM pUre nahIM utare aura bihArI kucha apane se bhI U~cA uTha gayA / satyadhana kI bhA~ti hI 'parigItA' meM zekha ra apane vacana se Digakara patha bhraSTa ho gayA thA / dUra pAloka dekhakara pataMga ke samAna vaha udhara hI Dhala pdd'aa| bihArI kA caritra kaTTo ne khUba samajhA hai| _ 'tumameM to kucha samajhane ko hai hI nahIM / jo vAhara hai, vahI bhItara hai| bhItara bhI vahI vinoda kA jharanA jharatA rahatA hai, jisakA prAdhA jala A~sU kA aura prAdhA ha~sI kA hai, aura jisameM se hara bAta pAra-pAra dikhAI detI hai|' ___ zrIkAnta aura hariprasanna bhI isI prakAra eka-dUsare kI snigdha saumyatA aura ugra tejasvitA ko aura bhI gaharI dikhAte haiN| zrIkAnta hamako baMgAla ke amara kalAkAroM kA apane nAma ke atirikta bhI aura kAraNavaza smaraNa dilAtA hai / usake caritra meM vahI gaMbhIra saralatA hai, jo hameM bar3e sAhitya ke pAtroM meM milatI hai / hari. prasanna agni ke samAna pravara aura pracaNDa haiM / gauramohana kA use sUkSma rUpa samajhanA cAhiye / krAnti ke yuga kA vaha pratinidhi hai / vaha kahatA hai -- 'aAja aura kala ke bIca meM banda hama nahIM rheNge| zAzvata ko bhI chuyeMge / sanAtana aura ananta ko bhI hama cakheMge / tumane banI-banAI rAha sAmane kara dI hai / vaha hameM kucha bhI dUra nahIM le jaatii| hamArA mArga ananta hai aura yaha tumhArI rAha apanI samApti para saMtuSTa pArivArikajIvana dekara hameM bhulAve meM DAla detI hai|' ina pAtroM ke caritra meM kaThora manovaijJAnika satya hai / inakA sthAna hamAre

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jainendra : upanyAsakAra 26 sAhitya meM cira-smaraNIya hogA / jainendra kI tIna strI pAtra kucha aura bhI rahasyamayI aura gahana haiM / jainendra ne yaha avazya samajha liyA hai ki strI eka abUjha pahelI hai| yahIM unake caritra mArmika haiM / yadyapi kabhI-kabhI unakI strI-pAtra aise vyApAra bhI kara DAlatI haiM, jo sahaja buddhi kI samajha meM nahIM pAte / kaTTo unakI strI pAtroM meM pahalI hotI hue bhI gambhIratA liye hai| bar3I bhAvukatA se jainendrajI ne 'parakha' kaTTo ko samarpita kiyA hai / 'merI kaTTo, tumane kucha nahIM liyA-yaha to le lo / yaha tumhAre hI liye hai| dekho, inkAra na karo, TAlo mata / apane ko tumane vidhavA hI rakhA, isako sadhavA banA do| apane caraNoM meM Ane do| -' ravi bAbU ne apanI eka kahAnI meM purAne bhAratIya kArIgaroM kA varNana kiyA hai / ve talavAra ke eka hI vAra meM phala aisA kATa dete the ki do Dukar3e hokara bhI vaha eka-sA lagatA thA, jaba taka koI use hilAyeDulAye nahIM / kaTTo ke jIvana meM ha~sI, khela, vinoda isI prakAra bharA thA, kintu pIDA ke eka hI prahAra ne usakA vinoda gAMbhIrya se kATa kara alaga kara diyA / kaTro kA caritra jainendra-sAhitya kA eka ujjvala nakSatra hai / na jAne kahA~ se usameM itanI samajha, gambhIratA aura balidAna-zakti pA gaI ! _ 'sunItA' rahasyamayI hai / usako samajhanA kaThina hai, kintu hamArI pUrI sahA. nubhUti usake sAtha hai / navInatA kI khoja ke prAkSepa se apane ko bacAte hae jainendrajI ne hamase kahA thA ki 'sunItA' meM bhAratIya strI kA pAtivratya parAkASThA ko paha~ca gayA hai / koI bhI bali usakI zakti ke bAhara nahIM / zrIkAnta usase kaha gaye the ki hariprasanna ko rokanA hI hogA / use rokane ke lie sunItA ne apane strItva taka kI bAjI lagA dI / mizra deza kI Sphinx aura suprasiddha citra Mona List ke samAna rahasyamayI isa nArI ke mana meM na jAne kyA madhura pIr3A-mizrita bhAva chipe haiM ! lauha tIlI ke samAna vaha kaThina hai aura kitanI bhI jhuka jAne para nahIM ttuutttii| 'tyAga-patra' kevala eka strI-mRNAla athavA pramoda kI bugrA-kI jIvanakathA hai / gaharA aura kaThina avasAda mRNAla ke mana para jamA hai| bhAratIya samAja kI kar3avI aura saccI AlocanA, 'tyAga-patra' meM hai| yaha AlocanA sunane aura samajhane kA sAhasa sabameM hotA bhI nahIM / mRNAla kI vicAradhArA zAyada hama na ThIka-ThIka samajhe; kintu kitanA abhimAna aura prAtma-sammAna usake mana meM hai / kaTTo aura sanItA se bhI adhika vaha hamAre mana ko vicalita aura vyathita kara detI hai / janendra hindI ke krAntikArI lekhaka haiM / rUr3hiyoM para unhoMne kaTina prahAra kiye haiN| kisI sarala, svaccha, AkarSaka jIvana kI khoja meM vaha nirata haiM, kintu zAyada unheM isa a~dhiyAre meM apanA patha spaSTa nahIM sUjhatA / 'mana meM eka gA~Tha-sI par3atI jAtI

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30 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva thii| vaha na khulatI thI, na ghulatI thI / balki, kucha karo, vaha aura ulajhatI aura kasatI hI jAtI thii| jI hotA thA, kucha honA cAhiye, kucha karanA cAhiye / kahIM kucha gar3abar3a hai / kahIM kyoM, saba gar3abar3a hI gar3abar3a hai / sRSTi g2alata hai, samAja g2alata hai, jIvana hI hamArA g2alata hai / sArA cakkara yaha UTapaTA~ga hai| isameM tarka nahIM hai, saMgati nahIM hai, kucha nahIM hai / isase jarUra kucha honA hogA, jarUra kucha karanA hogaa| para kyA-yA ? vaha kyA hai, jo bhavitavya hai aura jo kartavya hai ?' ___athAha sAgara kI bhA~ti jIvana hamAre sAmane hilora mAra rahA hai / usakA prArapAra kucha nahIM sUjhatA : 'samaMdara hai| apanI nanhIM-nanhIM kAg2az2a kI DoMgI liye usake kinAre khelane ke liye A utarate haiM / para kinAre hI kuzala haiM, Age thAha nahIM hai|' aisI adhikatara hamArI manovRtti hai / jainendra Age bar3ha gaye haiM; kintu pRthvI unake pairoM ke nIce se bhI nikala rahI hai / 'usa sAgara kI laharoM kA anta kahA~ hai ? kUla kahA~ hai ? pAra kahA~ hai ? kahIM pAra nahIM hai, kahIM kinArA nahIM hai / A~kha ke Thaharane ko koI sahArA nahIM hai / kSitija kA chora hai, jahA~ pAsamAna samaMdara se A milA hai. vahA~ nIlA a~dhiyArA dIkhatA hai / para chora vahAM bhI nahIM hai / vahA~ chora to hamArI apanI hI dRSTi kA hai, anyathA vahA~ bhI vaisI hI akUla vistIrNatA hai|' jainendra kI bhASA ke aneka guNa isa avataraNa meM haiM / sAdagI, gAndhI ke 'navajIvana' kA smaraNa dilAne vAlI; kAvya taka uThane kI kSamatA; eka khaTakane vAlI kRtrimatA-jaMsI koI acchA bar3A manuSya tutalAne kA prayAsa karatA ho ! 'kintai' 'TherA' 'samaMdara' hamAre kAna ko nahIM suhAte / 'parakha' se 'tyAga-patra' taka jainendra kI zaMlI khUba parimArjita ho cukI hai| vaha adhika pravAhamayI hai aura praur3hAvasthA meM padArpaNa kara cukI hai / 'parakha' meM bahudhA kAvya kA Ananda unakI bhApA hameM detI hai; kintu yaha svAbhAvika hai ki kathAvastu meM adhika pravAha Ane para gadya-kAvya kI kucha hAni ho| jainendra kalAkAra apanI racanAtmaka zaktiyoM para Aja pUrNa rUpa se adhikArI haiN| 'parakha', 'sanItA' aura 'tyAga-patra' kA manana kama se kama yaha hameM batAtA hai / bhaviSya meM hindI unase bahuta kucha AzA kara sakatI hai / madhyAhna meM pahu~ca kara yaha nakSatra jyoti se hamArA jaga bhara degA / * ('nayA hindI sAhitya' se sAbhAra) *prophesara prakAzacandra gupta kI Aja se 22-23 varSa pUrva kI gaI yaha bhaviSyavANI sarvathA satya siddha ho cukI hai |-sampAdaka

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prAcArya DAkTara nagendra 'tyAgapatra' aura 'nArI' premacanda jI ke sabhI upanyAsa hindI ke mUrdhanya para AsIna hone yogya nahIM haiM / 'godAna' unakI sabase mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / usake atirikta 'g2abana', 'sevAsadana', 'raMgabhUmi' Adi meM bhI bahuta-kucha hai jo amara rahegA / hindI meM inase Takkara lene vAle upanyAsa bahuta nahIM prakAzita hue / jo hue ve u~galiyoM para gine jA sakate haiM, jaise 'tyAgapatra', 'nArI', 'citralekhA', 'zekhara' ityAdi / samaya aura suvidhA ko dekhate hue yahA~ maiM zrI jainendra kumAra ke 'tyAgapatra' aura zrI siyArAmazaraNa gupta ke 'nArI' upanyAsoM ko lUgA / ye donoM upanyAsa mujhe kAfI priya haiM / inameM kucha isa prakAra kI samatA aura viSamatA hai jo tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko rocaka aura upayogI banA detI hai| tyAgapatra aura nArI donoM hI meM eka nArI kI kahAnI hai| tyAgapatra ekamAtra mRNAla kI vyaktigata kahAnI hai, aura nArI jamunA kii| mRNAla aura jamanA donoM ke hI vyaktitvoM ke mUla meM atRpti hai / donoM hI hamAre sanmukha eka abhukta vAsanA liye AtI haiM / mRNAla ke to jIvana kA hI prArambha isa atRpti se hotA hai| usake mAtA-pitA nahIM haiM / bhAI kA sneha unake sneha kI kamI ko bhara nahIM paataa| usako sneha kI bhalaka eka dUsare vyakti se milatI hai / para milane ke sAtha hI vaha eka tIkhA ghAva chor3akara sadA ke lie miTa jAtI hai| bhAvaja kI kaThora tAr3anA usa abhAva kI agni ko aura bhI bhar3akAtI hai, aura anta meM usakA bemela vivAha evaM pati kI yantraNAe~ isa jIvana-vyApI atRpti meM pUrNa Ahati bana jAtI haiM / isa prakAra vAsanA pUrNataH abhukta aura atRpta rahakara usake jIvana meM eka adbhuta gati aura zakti kA saMcaraNa karatI hai / jIvana ke madhyAhna taka to use isa vAsanA ke saMskAra kA ucita mAdhyama nahIM mila pAtA, aura vaha eka uddAma tIvratA liye jhulasatI aura jhulasAtI-jIvana ko mAnoM cIratI huI-bhaTakatI rahatI hai / bIca meM vaha pAtivrata kI bAta karatI hai, apane pati ke sAtha samajhaute kA prayatna karatI hai, eka atyanta nikRSTa vyakti---koyale vAle-ke sAtha mamatA kA khela karatI hai, patnIdharma ke nirvAha kA dAvA karatI hai / para yaha saba kucha jaise eka tIkhA vyaMgya hai / sacamuca cAroM ora se nakAra prApta kara mRNAla kA jIvana hI eka tIvra vyaMgya bana gayA hai| ( 31 )

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva jamunA kA vyaktitva vyaMgamaya nahIM hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki usameM prArambha se hI niSedha aura svIkRti kA mizraNa rahA hai / usako cAroM ora se nakAra hI nahIM milA / prArambha meM pati kA mukta praNayadAna, usake cale jAne para zvasura kA snigdha vAtsalya, aura unake marane ke bAda hallI ke sneha meM use jIvana kI madhura svIkRti bhI milI hai / isake sAtha hI bAda meM pati kI upekSA meM, gA~va vAloM ke vizeSakara caudharI ke-kaTu-vyavahAra meM use tiraskAra bhI milA hai / parantu kula milAkara vAstava meM yaha nakAra usa svIkRti se kahIM halkA baiThatA hai| isIliye jamunA kaI bAra vicalita hokara bhI vizvAsa nahIM kho pAtI, jIvana kI svIkRti kA apamAna nahIM kara pAtI / jIvana kI carama pariNati meM bhI-jaba vaha pati kA dhyAna chor3a eka dUsare vyakti ko grahaNa karane kA nizcaya kara letI hai- vaha jIvana ko svIkAra hI karatI hai, usakA niSedha nahIM krtii| usake jIvana meM atRpti hai| usakI vAsanA praNaya ke abhAva meM atRpta aura abhukta rahatI hai, parantu usake sAtha hI usako vyakta aura tuSTa karane kA sAdhana bhI to putra-rUpa meM usake pAsa hai / vaha gRhiNI hai| gRhasthajIvana kI maryAdA kA bhI, jisake samatala thAmale meM hallI-jaisA sundara paudhA panapa rahA hai, usakI vAsanA para adhikAra hai / isaliye usake vyaktitva meM mRNAla kI-sI tIvratA aura gati nahIM raha gaI; parantu vizvAsa kI prazAnta gambhIratA usameM hai / mRNAla yadi laimpa kI prakhara lau hai, jisameM prakAza ke sAtha viSAkta dhuA~ bhI hai to jamanA ghRta kA snigdha dIpaka hai jisameM prakAza cAhe halkA ho para dhuA~ bilkula nahIM hai| ina donoM pAtroM ke vyaktitvoM ke anusAra hI donoM upanyAsoM ke mUla praznoM meM bhI sAmya hai| ina donoM racayitAnoM kI vicAradhArA kI eka dizA hai| donoM hI dArzanika yA sAmAjika zabdAvalI meM gA~dhI-nIti meM, aura manovizleSaNa kI zabdAvalI meM Atma-pIr3ana meM vizvAsa karate haiM / donoM hI eka svara meM kaha uThate haiM"sacamuca jo zAstra se nahIM milatA vaha jJAna prAtmavyathA meM mila jAtA hai|" -tyAgapatra "loga Upara-Upara dekhate haiM ki ise dukha hai / kisI ko dukha hI dukha ho to vaha z2indA kaise rahe ? aAja to pUrA upAya karane kI soca lI hai / prAnanda isameM bhI ___-nArI aura adhika spaSTa kiyA jAya to vAstava meM isa dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa ahisA ke AdhAra para kAma kI svIkRti ke dvArA huA hai| donoM upanyAsoM meM Atma-vyathA meM jIvana kI zakti kA mUla srota mAnA gayA

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'tyAgapatra' aura 'nArI' 33 hai / kaSTa ke kAraNoM se ghRNA na karate hue, kaTa kI anivAryatA se trAsa na khAkara, usameM Ananda kI bhAvanA karanA ahiMsA hai; aura ahiMsA yaha sikhAtI hai ki prabhukta vAsanA kA vitaraNa karanA hI usakI saphalatA hai / mRNAla anta meM jAkara isI upacAra ko grahaNa karane meM apanI mukti samajhatI hai / jamunA meM yaha bhAvanA prArambha se hI vartamAna hai, parantu donoM ke dRSTikoNoM meM eka antara hai-nArI kI vicAradhArA meM samAja-nIti kI maryAdA kA rakSaNa hai, parantu tyAgapatra meM yaha bAta nahIM hai / jamunA ke sraSTA ne isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhA hai ki dUsare vyakti ko grahaNa karane meM bhI vaha samAja-nIti kA ullaMghana na kara pAye / jamunA jisa varga kI nArI hai, usameM punarvivAha yA dUsarA ghara basA lenA jAyaja hai / isake viparIta tyAgapatra meM sAmAjika mAno kI antima svIkRti nahIM hai / pati ke hote huye bhI mRNAla apane prati sadvyavahAra karane vAle vyakti ko zarIra samarpaNa kara baiThatI hai aura uttejanA meM prAkara nahIM, ThaNDe mastiSka se / jainendrajI nIti kI cahAradIvArI ko tor3a jIvana meM praveza karanA zAyada grAtma-kalyANa ke lie ucita samajhate haiM, parantu siyArAmazaraNa jI samAja kI maryAdA bhaMga karanA zreyaskara nahIM mAnate / donoM upanyAsoM ke mUla praznoM ko Rju -zailI se samajhie - sabase pahale do nAriyA~ apane jIvana kA saMgharSa lekara hamAre sAmane yAtI haiM aura hamAre mana meM prazna uTatA hai ki nArI jIvana kI mukti kisa meM hai-- vivAha kI maryAdA meM, yA pravRtti ke upabhoga meM ? pratyakSa rUpa meM yahI dhAraNA hotI hai siyArAmazaraNajI pravRtti ko svIkAra karate hue bhI vivAha kI maryAdA ke pakSa meM haiM zrIra jainendrajI samAja maryAdA kA Adara karate hue bhI pravRtti ke hI samarthaka haiM / para yaha to hamAre a yayana kI pahalI maMjila hai / tyAgapatra aura nArI kA mUla prazna abhI hamAre hAtha nahIM grAyA / abhI aura Age calanA hai aura usake lie hameM mRNAla aura jamunA ke vyaktitvoM ke pAra dekhanA par3egA, kyoki tyAgapatra aura nArI spaSTataH hI sAmAjika samasyA ke upanyAsa nahIM haiM / unakA - vizeSakara tyAgapatra kA -- sambandha mAnava-jIvana ke maulika prazna se hai : jIvana kI mukti kyA hai ? tyAgapatra ke sAtha yaha vizeSatA lagA dene kA artha yaha hai ki nArI meM pAThaka kI dRSTi usake sAmAjika samasyA vAle pahalU para apekSAkRta adhika ThaharatI hai : mRNAla kI apekSA jamunA samAja kI ikAI jyAdA hai usake jIvana meM sAmAjika samasyA bhI thor3A-bahuta mahattva to rakhatI hI hai| lekina phira bhI yaha pahilI maMz2ila to Apa ko pAra karanI hI hogI, tabhI prApa ina upanyAsoM kI antardhArA meM praveza kara sakeMge / yahA~ Akara mRgAla aura jamunA upalakSya bana jAte haiM- samAja tathA puruSa aura nArI ke prAvaraNoM ko pArakara jaise ye donoM zuddha vyakti raha jAte haiM aura jIvana

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Y jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kA samAdhAna DhUr3hane meM vyasta dikhAI dete haiM ! vidhAna yA pravRtti ?- yaha inakA mUla prazna hai aura yahI sAmAjika mAnava kA cirantana prazna bhI hai| jaisA maiMne Upara kahA, jainendrajI vidhAna kA sAdhAraNa rUpa meM Adara karate hue bhI antima pariNati para pahu~ca kara usakA niSedha kara dete haiM / sara ema0 dayAla kA tyAgapatra para sahI karanA spaSTa rUpa meM jainendrajI kA vidhAna ke niSedha para sahI karanA hai| vaha mahasUsa karate haiM : "kahIM kucha gar3abar3a hai| kahIM kyoM ? saba gar3abar3a hI gar3abar3a hai / sRSTi g2alata hai| samAja g2alata hai...... isameM tarka nahIM hai, saMgati nahIM hai, kucha nahIM hai / isase z2arUra kucha honA hogA, z2arUra kucha karanA hogaa|" __Age eka prazna uThatA hai-'para kyA. 'A ?' yahA~ Akara adhikA~za saMkrAntikAla ke vicArakoM kI bhA~ti ve ghabarAkara ruka jAte haiM / parantu unakI AsthA, jisakA poSaNa gA~dhI-nIti ke prabhAva meM huA hai, unakI madada karatI hai; aura ve ahiMsA yA tapasyA meM jIvana kA samAdhAna mAna lete haiM-yadyapi vaha pUrNataH usake ghaTa meM utara jAtA hai, isameM mujhe sandeha hai| unake pAsa eka yahI uttara hai aura yahI uttara siyArAmazaraNajI ke pAsa bhI hai / donoM kA prazna eka hai, uttara bhI eka hai, parantu kriyA bhinna hai| siyArAmazaraNa jI ko jIvana-vidhAna kI gar3abar3a kA itanA tIkhA anubhava nahIM hotA, lekina ve usa para sandeha avazya karate haiN| usako tor3ane kA lobha bhI unako kama nahIM hotA hai-qarIba-karIba tor3a hI dete haiM lekina anta meM unheM usI kI ora lauTanA par3atA hai / ve mAno isa prakAra socate hoM--pIr3A jIvana meM anivArya hai, usI meM Ananda kI bhAvanA kara lenA jIvana kA samAdhAna prApta kara lenA hai; aura pravRtti ke bandhana kI pIr3A hI saccI pIr3A hai| ____isa prakAra prAtma-pIr3ana kI filaoNsafI meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle ye lekhaka do vibhinna kriyAoM dvArA jIvana kA samAdhAna DhU~r3ha nikAlate haiM-jainendrajI vidhAna se yuddha karate huye aura siyArAmazaraNa jI pravRtti se lar3ate huye| dRSTikoNa kA yahI antara donoM vyaktitvoM ke antara ko spaSTa kara detA hai| pravRtti ke samarthaka jainendra jI kA ahaM svabhAvataH hI adhika baliSTha aura tIkhA honA cAhiye, udhara vidhAna meM AsthA rakhane vAle siyArAmazaraNajI meM adhika Atma-niSedha honA utanA hI svabhAvika hai / donoM vyaktiyoM kA jIvanAdarza eka hai-pUrNa ahiMsA kI sthiti prApta kara lenA, arthAt apane ahaM ko pUrNataH ghulA denaa| isa sAdhya ke liye siyArAmazaraNajI kI sAdhanA adhika hArdika hai, naitika damana kA abhyAsa unako adhika hai, aura unakA ahaM sacamuca bahuta kAfI ghula cukA hai| ahiMsA bahuta kucha unake vyaktitva kA aGga bana cukI hai / isake viparIta jainendra kA ahaM aba bhI itanA

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'tyAgapatra' aura 'nArI' sajaga aura painA hai ki unakI sAdagI, vinamratA aura saralatA ko cIratA huA kSaNakSaNa sAmane yA jAtA hai / isaliye apane prApya ke liye unako siyArAmazaraNa kI apekSA adhika saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai / unake jIvana meM saMgharSa adhika hai, ThIka utanA hI adhika jitanA mRNAla ke jIvana meM jamunA kI apekSA / siyArAmazaraNajI meM hRdaya kA aMza adhika hai, ve adhika Astika haiM / jainendrajI meM buddhi kI tIvratA hai, ataeva unake mana meM sandeha kA saMgharSa adhika hai| isIliye jainendra adhika vyaktivAdI haiMsiyArAmazaraNajI meM sAmAjikatA kI bhAvanA adhika hai| siyArAmazaraNajI ke lie ahiMsA kA Adarza kucha sImA taka prApta bhI hai, parantu jainendrajI ke liye abhI vaha eka prApya-mAtra hai / unakI jAgarUka medhA aura usase bhI adhika jAgarUka ahaMkAra svabhAva se hI ahiMsA ke Atma-niSedha ke pratikUla haiN| isIliye unako usake prati Agraha adhika hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake upanyAsa meM saMgharSa tIkhA aura sazakta hai| merI pAnI dhAraNA yaha hai ki sAhitya kI zakti aura tIvratA usake srapTA ke ahaM kI zakti aura tIvratA ke anusAra hI hotI hai / durbala ahaM athavA kisI bhI kAraNa se dabA huA ahaM, yahA~ taka ki ghulA huA ahaM bhI, ArdratA kI hI sRSTi kara pAtA hai, zakti kI nahIM / nidAna tyAgapatra meM jahA~ tIvratA hai vahA~ nArI meM prArdratA hai| zailI meM bhI donoM kA sambandha hai jo unake vyaktitva meM-yAnI tyAgapatra kI zailI meM tIkhApana aura vakratA hai, nArI kI zailI meM komalatA aura saralatA hai / tyAgapatra ko kahAnI jaise dila aura dimAga ko cIratI huI Age bar3hatI hai, aura nArI kI kahAnI ko sunakara jaise pIr3A madhura-madhura ghula uThatI hai / tyAgapatra kI zailI meM kaThora nirmamatA hai, usake kucha kSaNoM kI nirmamatA to asahya hai / agara Apake sAmane koI vyakti muha kI raMgata ko bigAr3atA huA takalIfa ke sAtha jahara pItA ho to Apa kaisA mahasUsa kareMge? aura agara yahI vyakti binA kisI prakAra ke bhAvaparivartana ke gambhIratA ke sAtha z2ahara ko gaTa-gaTa kara jAya, to Apako kaisA lagegA? mRNAla kI kucha Atma-yantraNAe~ aisI hI haiM / isake viparIta nArI kI zailI meM gharelU snigdhatA hai / jamunA prAtma-vyathA meM vizvAsa karatI huI bhI apane prati snigdha aura karuNa hai / ataeva nArI kI kahAnI meM komala-snigdha gati hai| usameM hRdaya ko sparza karane vAle sthala aneka haiM, hRdaya ko cIrane vAle sthala nahIM haiM / nArI kI yaha karuNa kahAnI hallI ke bAla-sulabha kriyA-vyApAroM se mana bahalAtI huI dhIre-dhIre Age bar3hatI hai-yahA~ taka ki kahIM-kahIM isakI gati manda par3a jAtI hai aura pAThaka socatA hai ki hallI ke ye khela aura muqadame kucha kama hote to acchA thA, kyoMki kahIM-kahIM ve kahAnI ko ulajhA lete haiN| nArI kI kahAnI kA yaha doSa usake prabhAva meM bAdhaka hotA hai| ina donoM kahAniyoM kI gaThana meM eka-eka sthala aisA milatA hai jahAM pAThaka

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kA mana rukakara usakI svAbhAvikatA para sandeha kara uThatA hai / tyAgapatra meM jaba mRNAla pati ke ghara se nikala kara eka koyale vAle ko grahaNa kara letI hai to zAyada aneka pAThakoM kI bhAMti merA mana bhI pUcha uThatA haikyA eka zikSita madhya-vargIya bAlA ke liye yaha svAbhAvika hai ? kyA vaha apane pairoM para nahIM khar3I ho sakatI thI, jaisA ki usane bAda meM kucha dina ke liye kiyA ? aura agara use kisI puruSa ke sahAre kI hI aAvazyakatA thI to kyA koyale vAle kI apekSA acche cunAva kI gunjAiza nahIM thI ? yaha sandeha eka bAra z2arUra uThatA hai / lekina isakA samAdhAna prApta kara lenA bhI samajhadAra pAThaka ke liye asambhava nahIM hai| mRNAla ke vyaktitva meM buddhi aura saMvedanA kI prakharatA ke kAraNa eka asAdhAraNatA hai| ataeva eka sAdhAraNa madhyavarga kI yuvatI ko dRSTi meM rakhakara usake vyavahAra kI samIkSA karanA g2alata hogA / jIvana meM nakAra pAkara usakA svabhAva se hI saMvedanAzIla mana atizaya saMvedanAzIla ho gayA hai / basa, usa aAkhirI dhakke se vaha eka bAra kucha samaya ke liye samagrataH DUba jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM canAva kA prazna hI nahIM uThatAusa para ahasAna karane vAlA pahalA puruSa bar3I AsAnI se kucha samaya ke liye to usake jIvana meM praveza kara hI sakatA hai| bar3e-bar3e karor3apatiyoM kI striyAM phaqIroM ke sAtha bhAga jAtI haiM ! aura mRNAla ke sAtha to yaha sthiti mAnasika vivazatA ke atirikta cailenja kA pariNAma bhI ho sakatI hai !! zarat ke pAThaka ko isa prakAra ke pAtroM ko grahaNa karane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hogii| nArI meM bhI eka sthala sandehaprada hai| jyoM hI jamanA kI kahAnI antima sthiti para paha~catI hai, hallI kA eka sAthI hIrA, sirpha hallI se badalA lene ke liye, jamunA ke pati ko eka aisA patra likha detA hai ki sArA khela bigar3a jAtA hai / yaha patra itanA kauzalapUrNa hai ki isako hIrA-jaisA choTA bAlaka tabhI likha sakatA thA jaba siyArAmazaraNa jI ibArata bolate gaye hote / mAnA ki yaha ghaTanA jamunA ke vyaktitva-vikAsa meM pratyakSa rUpa se bahuta mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai, parantu kathA-vikAsa meM isakA mahattva asaMdigdha hai / isakI truTi kathA-zilpa kI eka truTi hai| isakA samAdhAna mujhe bahuta socane para bhI nahIM mila pAyA / yahIM pAkara jainendrajI aura siyArAmazaraNajI kI zailI kA eka aura antara spaSTa ho jAtA hai- jainendrajI apanI zailI ke prati jAgarUka haiM; prabhAva ko tIvra karane ke liye unhoMne saceta hokara koziza kI hai / unhoMne isIliye sa vedanA ke mApaka rUpa meM sara ema0 dayAla kI sRSTi kI hai / vaha prabhAva ko tIvra karate jAte haiM aura pArA dhIre-dhIre Upara car3hatA jAtA hai / anta meM mRNAla kI mRtyu para, jaise tApa ke sImA pAra kara jAne se yantra TUTa jAtA hai, sara ema0 dayAla jajI se stIfA de dete

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'tyAgapatra' aura 'nArI' 37 haiM / yaha upanyAsa -zilpI kA adbhuta kauzala hai / isIlie jaba kabhI jainendrajI sAdagI meM Akara TekanIka yA zilpa se sarvathA prabodha hone kI bAta karane lagate haiM to haMsI grA jAtI hai / -- udhara siyArAmazaraNajI kA lakSya - kama-se-kama nArI meM eka sIdhI-saccI karuNa-snigdha kahAnI hI rahA hai / unhoMne jAgarUka hokara prabhAva ko tIvra karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA, yA kiyA hai to itane halke hAthoM se ki vaha lakSita nahIM hotA / udAharaNa ke liye grApa vaha sthala le sakate haiM jahAM eka dUsarA vyakti jamunA ke jIvana meM praveza karatA hai aura jamunA use samarpaNa kara detI hai / yaha saba aise hotA hai jaise kucha huA hI na ho / pAThaka ke mana meM jamunA ke jIvana kA yaha mahattvapUrNa tathya isa prakAra saraka jAtA hai ki vaha bilakula nahIM cauMkatA / isake viparIta prApa mRNAla kA samarpaNa lIjiye / usameM kitanA vyagya hai, kitanI kacoTa hai, kitanI tIvratA hai ! usake jIvana kA yaha tathya pAThaka ke mana ko cIratA huA, usakI vRttiyoM ko bhanabhanAtA huA, praveza karatA hai / tyAgapatra kA kauzala apanI vidagdhatA ke bala para apane medhAvI zilpI kI duhAI detA hai, aura nArI kA kauzala apane ko chipAkara apane snehArdra zilpI kI sifAriza karatA hai /

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DAkTara prabhAkara mAcave jainendrajI kA jayavardhana prArambhika san 1937 meM 'janendra ke vicAra' nAmaka eka pustaka prakAzita huI thI, jisakA sampAdana ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ne kiyA thaa| usameM eka vistRta bhUmikA thI aura anta meM vizada TippaNiyAM bhI dI gaI thiiN| vaha pustaka aba aprApya hai / jainendra kumAra para zodha aura anusaMdhAna karane vAle taka usa pustaka kA ullekha nahIM karate haiM aura usake viSaya meM nahIM jAnate haiM / bAda meM usa bhUmikA ke kucha aMza jainendra jI ke 'mere sAhitya kA zreya aura preya' nAmaka pustaka kI bhUmikA meM phira se chape haiN| jainendrakumAra ke sAhitya ko par3hane aura usakA rasa grahaNa karane vAloM ko uparyukta donoM pustakeM avazya par3hanI caahiye| jainendrakumAra para eka nibandha mAsika 'haMsa' meM svargIya premacandajI ke Agraha para maiMne san 1936 meM likhA thA, jo jIvanasudhA meM yazapAla jaina ne punarmudrita kiyA / vaha bhI isa dRSTi se vidyArthiyoM ko par3hanA cAhiye ki lekhana aura lekhaka ke bIca meM jisa ikAI kI jarUrata idhara adhikAdhika anubhava kI jA rahI hai usakA uttama pramANa usa lekha meM dikhAyA gayA thaa| 'tyAga-patra' ke marAThI anuvAda kI bhUmikA meM maiMne jainendrakumAra ke upanyAsa para punaH eka lekha marAThI meM san 41 meM likhA aura do varSa pUrva 'ilasTreTeDa vIkalI Apha iNDiyA' meM 'mAI phevariTa pAthara' sIrIja meM eka aMgrejI lekha maiMne likhA / yaha paMktiyA~ una pAThakoM ke liye likhI jA rahI haiM, jinhoMne yaha saba na par3hA ho| jinhoMne par3hA ho unheM zAyada dvirukti dikhAI de, aise pAThakoM ke prati kSamA-prArthI hU~ / jainendrakumAra kA jIvana jainendrakumAra ke jIvana meM koI asAdhAraNatA nhiiN| alIgar3ha jile meM kaur3iyAgaMja meM 1605 meM janma, zikSA brahmacArI Azrama jaina gurukula meM / sabase bar3A prabhAva unakI mAtA kA jAna par3atA hai, jo bar3I samAja-sudhAraka aura dharma parAyaNa strI thIM / dUsarA prabhAva kaccI umra meM satyAgraha saMgrAma meM zAmila hokara jela jAne kA hai / tIna bAra jela gaye / gAMdhI, TAlasTAya, zarada, dastAvaskI-ye priya lekhaka par3he aura unakA prabhAva una para paryApta mAtrA meM hai| gAMdhI nIti ko unhoMne apane jIvana kA eka anivArya aMga banA liyA hai-yA yoM kaheM ki apane jIvana aura ( 38 ) /

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jainendra jI kA jayavardhana cintana kI nIkA ke liye unhoMne gA~dhI ke dhra va-tAraka ko AdhAra mAna aura saba AdhAra chor3a diye haiM / yoM a-viziSTa-sA unakA jIvana hai--kriyA ke kSetra meM, saphalatA kI dizA meM zUnya, parantu cintana ke kSetra meM utanA hI kriyAzIla / jainendra kumAra : sAhityika kRtitva 1. nibandhakAra yoM vyakti jainendra kI sahajazAlIna, sarala, milanasAra, antarmukhI mUrti se hama lekhaka jainendra ko bhinna nahIM pAte / balki donoM ekAkAra haiM, yahI unakI vizeSatA hai / lekhaka jainendra kaI taraha se hamAre sAmane Ate haiM : praznottara-kartA, vaktA, cintaka, dArzanika, nibandhakAra, kahAnIkAra, upanyAsakAra / unameM se pahalA rUpa vADmaya kA, yAnI bole huye za da kA hai, likhe huye zabda kA kama / ataH use atyanta mArmika aura cuTIlA hone para bhI hama yahA~ isa prasaMga meM chor3a deMge / dArzanika jainendra ke bAre meM kaI mata-bheda haiM / koI unheM anekAntavAdI mAnate haiM aura kaI sarvodayI; koI unakI dArzanikatA ko kevala eka Upara se aor3hA huA mukhoza (mAska) mAnate haiN| parantu yaha sahI hai ki unakA svabhAva cintanazIla adhika hai, vRthA-bhAvuka kama hai, aura ve sadA samasyAoM ke mUlAdhAroM ke anveSaNa meM lage rahate haiM, yaha sabhI mAnate haiM / 'ajJeya' ne aMgrejI tyAgapatra kI bhUmikA meM likhA ki janendra 'AdhyAtmika adUradarzitA (spiricuala mAyopiyA) se pIr3ita haiM / ' zabdoM meM khonA yA unake sajAva-siMgAra meM rasa lenA unheM kabhI nahIM bhaayaa| balki 'hone' kI samasyA ke Age 'ho sakane' kI kamajorI ko bhI vaha bhUla gaye / 'honA cAhie' aura 'hai' ki bIca kA vyavadhAna kama se kama karane kI ora unakA sArA vicAra aura lekhana lagA hai| 2. kahAnIkAra vaise sarvasAdhAraNa pAThaka unheM gambhIra yA prasanna nibandhakAra kI apekSA kahAnI lekhaka ke nAte vizeSa jAnate haiM / unakI kucha kahAniyA~, jaise vaha hai yA tatsat, sAdhu kI haTha, patnI, eka rAta, mAsTara jI, apanA-parAyA Adi, jo sadaiva yAda rakkhI jaayeNgii| jIvana kI sAdhAraNa ghaTanAoM ko yA manovaijJAnika gutthiyoM ko lekara ve usa kSetra meM pahu~ca jAte haiM jise Adi-kathA ke nitya-rasa kA kSetra kaha sakate haiM : nIlama deza kI rAjakanyA, paradezI, bAhubalI Adi unakI aisI kahAniyA~ haiM / vaha cAhate to rUpaka-kathAe~ aura 'phebalsa' bhI bahuta acchI likhate / bhAratIya kathA kA mUla utsava hI hai jo paMcataMtra, jAtaka kathAe~, lok-kthaaeN| vahA~ deza-kAla kI sImAe~ kSINatara haiM / pakSI, pazu, per3a, nadI, pahAr3a bhI bolate haiM, aura manuSya jaise bahuta kSudra laga AtA hai usa virAT sRSTi ke pariprekSya meM / vaha hai bhI nagaNya / yadi zreSTha hai to kevala Atma-zakti ke kAraNa !

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40 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva 3. upanyAsakAra zrAdi kathA kA yahI bIja jainendrakumAra ke upanyAsoM kI bhI mUla preraNA hai / 'parakha' se 'jayavardhana' taka unake nau upanyAsoM meM puruSa aura nArI, vyakti aura vyakti, vyakti aura parivAra, parivAra aura rASTra, aura antataH vyakti aura vizva ( jaya jagata ) taka ke sambandhoM ko unake mUlabhUta prAdhAra-zIla ekAMzoM meM vizleSita karake rakha denA unakA pradhAna kArya hai / isIliye vaha ghaTanAoM ko ghaTanAoM ke nAte mahattva nahIM de sakate / itihAsa unake lekhe nirA sahArA hai / vaise hI hara kSaNa itihAsa hai / caritra bhI nimittamAtra hai | caritra, zIlanirUparaNa ke artha meM nahIM, caukora vyaktitva ke artha meM / ekAdha kaTTo yA mRNAla bujhA, kalyANI yA hariprasanna, 'vyatIta' kA nAyaka kavi-kaptAna yA eka jayavardhana ubhara kara unakI upanyAsa sRSTi meM se bAhara kabhIkabhI pAThaka- rasika kI smRti se jaise ekAkAra ho jAte haiM / ve ghanIbhUta ho jAte haiM / phira bhI lekhaka kA uddezya pAtroM ko yathAzakya nirAkAra aura vAyavI rakhanA hai / ghaTanA yA prasaMga nahIM, caritra yA pAtra nahIM, to AAkhira jainendra ke upanyAsa kisa kAraNa se mahatvapUrNa haiM, lokapriya haiM, saMsmaraNIya haiM ? upanyAsa kA mAdhyama jaigendra ne cunA hai kisI vicAra-vizleSaNa, vicAra paripreSaNa ke lie | ve aise trAsada vicAra haiM jinase lekhaka chuTTI nahIM pA sakatA, yA yoM kaheM ki mAnavamAtra chuTTI nahIM pA sakA hai / vahI Arya satya 'duvakha' hai, jisake pIche gautama siddhArtha bane, vahI hara mAnava kI sUlI hai jise IsA kI bhA~ti honA hI par3atA hai / vahI mahAvIra kI karuNA kA viSaya thA, vahI kAraNa thA jisane gA~dhI ko Arta banAyA aura noprAkhAlI kI khAka chAnane ke lie bAdhya kiyA, vahI kAraNa hai ki vinobA bhUmi ke bhikSu bana uThe / jainendra ke mana meM bhItara kahIM vahI mAnavajAti ke mUla meM sadA sapraznatA lie hue ramane vAlI vyathA hai / usI me se unake upanyAsa kI aisI vicitra paristhitiyA~ ubharatI haiM ki zrIkAMta aura sunItA, pramoda aura mRNAla, kalyANI aura sarAnI milate haiM aura phira bhI nahIM mila pAte, jaise pratyeka vyakti usI vyathA - mUla kI khoja meM ho / .. jayavardhana kI vizeSatAe 'jayavarddhana' upanyAsa taka Ate-Ate jainendra kI lekhanI paripakva aura praur3ha ho gayI hai / yaha vicAra pradhAna upanyAsa hai, bhaviSyavAdI upanyAsa hai, yahA~ deza-kAla kI cetanA ko zUnyatama banAne ke lie eka kAlpanika bhAvI samaya aura eka videzI patrakAra- dArzanika kI udbhAvanA kI gayI hai / isa upanyAsa ko 'yUTopiyA' aura 'airevhona', 'bre`va niyU varlDa' aura 'zepa Aph thiMgja 'Tukam', 'niyU eTalAnTisa' yA

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jainendrajI kA jayavardhana 41 1984 kI koTi meM rakhanA usake sAtha anyAya karanA hogA / upanyAsakAra yaha nahIM cAhatA ki koI bhAvI bhArata yA vizva ke samAja kA nakzA prastuta kare / upanyAsakAra ke nikaTa zAzvata mAnava sambandha hI pradhAna viSaya hai, samAja rAjanIti ke kSaraNa-kSaNa parivartanIya indradhanuSI raMga nahI / ataH vaha mukhyataH 'pApa' kI samasyA yAnI badalate naitika mUlyoM meM usakI parivartanazIla paribhASA kI samasyA; aura mAnava mAtra ke pariprekSya meM svatantratA, ahiMsA, kartavya, graham, tyAga, yathArtha, prAdarza, Adi pradhAna preraNA- tatvoM ke tAne-bAne meM ulabhatA hai / isI kAraNa se jayavardhana kA mUlyAMkana usake cintanazIla pakSa ko sAmane rakhakara mugyataH kiyA jAnA cAhie / vaha nirA upanyAsa nahIM, vicAroM kA upanyAsa ( nAvela Aph grAiDiyAja ) hai | kathAnaka isa dRSTi se dekhane para kathAnaka bahuta saMkSipta ho jAtA hai / vilabara zailDana hUsTana amerikA ke eka patrakAra - dArzanika kUTanItijJa the, jo 2005 IsvI meM dubArA bhArata Aye / pahale 1665 meM bhI Ae the / unakI DAyarI ke rUpa meM yaha upanyAsa hai / jayavardhana rAja kA zIrSastha vyakti hai / vaha AcArya kI putrI ilA ke sAtha rahatA hai / donoM meM vivAha nahIM huA hai| rAjya meM isa viSaya ko lekara taraha-taraha ke pravAda haiM / rUr3hi-paMthI svAmI cidAnanda ise bhAratIya saMskRti ke prati jayavardhana kI avajJA mAnate haiM / pragatizIla netA nAtha grAdi rUr3hipaMthiyoM kA damana cAhate haiM / ilAke pitA AcArya jela meM haiM, cU~ki ve arAjakavAdI hai ! jayavardhana behada lokapriya haiM, yadyapi usake Upara taraha-taraha ke kSetroM se ghora virodha ke prAkramaNa bhI hote rahate haiM / upanyAsa kA anta jayavardhana aura ilA ke vivAha se hotA hai / "sabere pAyA gayA, jayavardhana nahIM hai !" hI antima sUcanA hai / jaya ko anubhava hotA hai ki sArA bakher3A usI ke kAraNa se phaile 'kalTa Afa di parsanailiTI', vyakti-pUjA aura vibhUti pUjA ke sAre grADaMbara ke kAraNa hai / yaha anta kucha grAzvasta nahIM karatA / samasyAoM kA yaha samAdhAna prati sarala ho jAtA hai / caritra-citraNa mukhyataH jayavardhana, AcArya, ilA, svAmI ye pradhAna pAtra haiM aura anya gauNa pAtroM meM nAtha, liz2A Adi ubharate haiM / hUsTana kA pAtra bhI eka anta: sUtra kI taraha bikharA huA hai, parantu phira bhI pradhAna Takkara jaya aura prAcArya ke vicAroM meM hI hai, aura vaha saMgharSa maulika hai / mAno bhautikavAda va vivekavAda eka aura aura AdhyAtmika anubhUtivAda dUsarI ora ke bIca saMgharSa ho / mAnoM vicAra aura AtmajJAna ke bIca saMgharSa ho / 'ho pAne' aura 'ho jAne' ke bIca saMgharSa ho / vahI isa pustaka kI mUla bhitti hai / ilA ke sambandha eka kAlpanika dIvAra yA avarodha paidA

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42 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva karate hai / yoM caritra-citraNa atyanta sUkSma tarala aura manohArI huaA hai / unake vivaraNa ke vistAra meM jAnA pustaka ke mahatva ko kama karanA hai| kathopakathana ghaTanA ko apradhAna banA dene para caritra-citraNa kA AdhAra kathopakathana mAtra raha jAtA hai / jainendra jI usa kalA meM nipuNa haiN| unheM bole hue zabda para bar3A prabhutva hAsila hai| bhASA meM saMyama kI mahattA ve samajhate haiM / kama-se-kama zabdoM meM bar3A artha-vistAra bhara dete haiM / masalana eka udAharaNa kAphI hogA maiMne kholakara jhallAte se hue kahA, 'kyA hai ?' "pAnI caahie|" maiMne kahA, 'pAnI duniyA~ meM kahIM nahIM hai ki isa taraha dupaharI meM ghuse cale Ate ho aura nIMda harAma karate ho|' Ane vAle ne kahA, "aura kucha khAne ko hogA?'' "mujhe burA lgaa|" jhir3akane ko thI ki usane kahA, "jaldI karo, vakta kama hai|" kahakara daravAjA dhakela kara vaha binA mujhe yAna meM liye andara pA gayA / mujhe lagA, maiM cillA uThUgI / usane kahA, kahA~ hai pAnI? maiM kucha na bola sakI / tabhI usane eka ora ravakhA huA ghar3A dekhA aura jAkara apane Apa gilAsa meM pAnI le liyaa| vahIM pAsa sIdhI khATa khar3I thii| nIce DAlakara usa para baiThate hue kahA, "lAmo, jo ho le paayo|" maiM use dekha rahI thii| socatI thI aba cIkhI aba cIkhI ! usane kahA, 'dekho nahIM / khAlI pAnI auguna karegA / jAmo kucha le praayo|" maiM aba bhI soca meM thii| pAne vAle kI sUrata mujhe acchI nahIM lgii| koI ucakkA-sA mAlUma hotA thA / maiM bar3hane ko huI ki jAkara bApU se kahatI huuN| usane kahA, "dera hogI to pAnI hI pIkara jAnA hogA / para upAsA hUM, sirpha pAnI prauguna karegA, jo ho so lA do aura jaldI / " maiMne kucha nahIM kahA aura Age bar3ha gaI / bApU eka chor3a agale kamare meM the| canA-gur3a bIca meM hI rakhe the| kucha lekara vApasa AI, use die / aura unhIM pAMva lauTatI bApU ko kahane ko bar3ha gii| ( pR0 135 ) citra ko prabhAvotpAdakatA bhAva kI gahanatama anubhUti kevala citra dvArA preSaNIya kI jA sakatI hai|

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jainendrajI kA jayavardhana 43 zabda vahA~ kathya nahIM kahate, kevala citra dete jAte haiN| jainendra kI zailI kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki carama marmAnubhUti ke kSaraNa kathana athavA varNana dvArA nahIM diye jAte, vAtAvaraNa dvArA upasthita kie jAte haiN| pR0 128 paMkti 11 se prArambha hokara pR0 130 paMkti 18 taka calane vAlA atIta kA khaNDa-citra isakA zreSTha udAharaNa hai| ina paMktiyoM kI zakti anupama hai aura pAThaka kA citta vidagdha hue binA nahIM rhtaa| bhASA __ AkSepa huA ki jainendrakumAra kI bhASA isa upanyAsa meM kRtrima hai, vaha aMgrejI DhaMga kI ho gaI hai / zAyada eka kAraNa to yaha hai ki sArA varNana eka amarIkI kI DAyarI se liyA gayA hai / dUsare mAnasika vyApAroM kI taralatA kI abhivyaMjanA ke lie aise navIna bhASA prayoga anivArya ho jAte haiN| kriyApada ke prayoga meM sakarmaka kI upekSA akarmaka kA adhika upayoga hai / sIdhe pratyakSa ke sthAna para apratyakSa aura sAMketika prayoga adhika hai| yaha saba sthAna, vyakti aura mAnasika vAtAvaraNa kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra huA hai, isa saba meM aucitya hI hai, aisI merI mAnyatA hai / khar3I bolI ko lacIlA aura sahaja-grAhya banAne kA jitanA prayatna jainendrajI kI gadyazailI meM pAyA jAtA hai, zAyada hI anyatra kahIM ho / jahA~ naye bhAva yA nayI kalpanAe~ AyIM, vahAM saMskRta ThUsa dene vAle anya lekhaka to kaI haiM; parantu binA kliSTa, karNakaTu, aparicita tatsamoM para bhAra DAle, gahare aura sUkSma vicAroM ko sarala zabdoM meM vyakta kara pAnA AsAna kAma nahIM haiM / sUtrAtmakatA ke Agraha meM kahIM-kahIM bhASA kA prAzaya-pakSa bahuta jhInA ho gayA hai, yaha sahI hai / upanyAsakAra kA uddezya bhASA caki vicAroM kI vAhikA mAtra hai, jayavardhana kI pradhAna upalabdhi usameM kA vicAra dhana hai / pUrva aura pazcima meM rAjanIti ko lekara jo tanAva hai, usakA hala upanyAsakAra 'mAnava nIti' ke punapratiSThApana se cAhatA hai / isI cintA meM se rAjanIti kI mUlabhUta ekAMgitA prakaTa hotI haiM : "hama rAjanItika yahI bhUlate haiM / Age ke nakze banAte haiM, jaise bhaviSya ko muTThI meM leMge / muTThI khulI acchI / taba uMgaliyAM kucha kara bhI sakatI haiM / baMda maTTI kabhI dhamakAtI thii| grAja vaha baMda dimAga kI nizAnI hai 'tuma mujhe pUrva kA kahate ho, vilabara, para pazcima kyoM mujhase alaga hai ? pazcima kA yaha mAnanA hI usakA doSa hai / kyoM nahIM dekhate hama ki pUrva-pazcima saMketa bhara haiM, saMjJA nahIM / jAkara kaho pazcima ko ki jayavardhana unakA bhI hai aura duniyAM meM vaha phAMka nahIM caahtaa| dekhate ho ki maiM rAja para hU~, para rAja kA nahIM hU~, mana kA huuN| bhArata kA pakSa merA

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44 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva hai, ise prAdhA saca hI mAnanA / maiM mAnava hU~ aura sahI to mAnava kA pakSa hI merA hai / vizva kA pakSa usase dUsarA nahIM ho sakatA, aura tabhI taka maiM bhArata ke rAjya ke sAtha hU~ jaba taka vaha usa Teka ke sAtha hai / maiM kahatA hU~ ki kucha bar3I tAkateM milakara apane ko vizva nahIM mAna sakatIM / balki mukAbale meM nirA eka vyakti mAnava-pratinidhi ke rUpa meM khar3A hokara nyAya ke sAtha kaha sakatA hai ki vizva kA pakSa usakI nikaTatA ke sAtha hai, saMgaThita zakti ke sAtha nhiiN| merI aora se jAkara vilabara, pazcima ko kaho ki aNubhaya gayA, to kyA unake andara darpa baiThA hI rahegA ? aMkoM kI bhASA vaha chodd'eN| kUTanIti kA bharosA chor3eM / samajhe ki duniyAM isa mahA brahmANDa meM karaNa se bhI tuccha hai / isa nirahaMkAritA ko apane sAre mana ke bhItara ramA kara ve rAjanIti ko calAnA sIkheM, taba vaha mAnavanIti hogii| usI meM se mAnava-hita kA abhyudaya siddha hogaa|" sthAna-sthAna para bhArata kI akhaNDatA aura ekatA para bahuta sundara bhASya haiM / yathA upanyAsa ke prArambhika adhyAya ke prathama pariccheda meM / jainendra ne kevala upadezaka kI bhUmikA nahIM lI hai / ve prazna ke anya pahalU bhI samajhate haiM aura unheM spaSTataH sAmane rakhate haiM / udAharaNArtha indranAtha kA pRSTha 352 para bayAna / ___ jagaha-jagaha para lekhaka ke mana me gA~dhI nIti aura unake vicAroM kA prabhAva baddhata spATa hai| yuddha aura zAnti, lokasattA-rAjasattA, sattA ke kendrIkaraNa-vikendrIkaraNa Adi para bahuta acchI vicArottejaka carcAeM haiN| upanyAsakAra ke vicAra-sUtra upanyAsakAra ke vicAra-sUtra unake prArambhika apane akSaroM meM likhe vaktavya meM kucha saMkSipta rUpa se A gaye haiN| pustaka aise sUtroM kA bhaNDAra hai / udAharaNa kisI pRSTha para mila jaayeNge| kaI sUtroM meM bar3I sAhityika vizeSatA hai| udAharaNArtha : "zAyada jIvana eka tanAva hai, samAdhAna vaha nahIM hai / virodha ko bhItara lekara jInA hotA hai| cAhate haiM vaha ho nahIM pAte / yahI cAha kI kImata aura musIbata hai|" ( pRSTha 41 ) ___"tattva hI sthira hai, jIvana ko caMcala honA hotA hai|" (pR0 46) 'zabda sUcaka hai| vaha siddha banatA hai taba mauna iMgit se bolatA hai|" ( pR. 46 ) "saMyama hI AdamiyoM ke bIca bar3I bAdhA hai| prema meM saMyama hAratA hai, isI se prema bar3A hai / " ( pR0 56 ) "jAnanA pAnA nahIM hai / isalie eka ko pA loge to usameM se duniyA ko

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45 jainendra jI kA jayavardhana jyAdA jAna skoge| saba jAnakara kisI ko na pAyA to kucha na pAyA, kucha na jaanaa|" ___ "yaha neharU kA camatkAra kisakA thA? kyA unakA apanA thA ? yA usa gA~dhI kA thA jo neharU ke dimAga meM na sahI dila meM to dhar3akatA hI thaa| vicAra ke aura kAma ke gAMdhI ko neharU dimAga se haTA sakate the / para pyAra ke gA~dhI kI dhar3akana to neharU ke andara kabhI cupa nahIM ho pAtI thii|" (pR0 56 ) "jagata saba pIche ho, AtmA pahale / " (pR0 114 ) "vaha artha-racanA jo hara do par3osiyoM ko eka hita meM milAye, rAjya ke kie ho nahIM sktii| rAjya cAhe to bhI use sIMca nahIM sakatA / kAraNa, rAjya mazIna hai aura kendra hai aura yaha racanA itanI aAtmika aura vikendrita hogI ki svayaM AdamI ho rahegA / hara AdamI apanA kendra aura jaga kA kendra / " (pR0 120) _ "karma kA mUla akarma hI hai / usI taraha jaise nAriyala para ke jaTAjUTa aura usake bAda patthara se khappara kA mUlya yahI hai ki bhItara garI ho| garI akarma hai, karma to vaha jaTAjUTa hI hai / '' (pR0 221) ___ kaI dArzanika aura samAja-vaijJAnika sUktiyA~ udAharaNa ke taura para dI jA sakatI hai-- "manuSya se bar3A na satya hai na vicAra / " "Izvara nahIM ho sakatA jo manuSya se vimukha ho, hai to vaha mAnava meN|" (pR0 12) "samAdhAna eka Izvara hai| bAkI ulajhana hai, prazna hai, kyoMki khaDa hai| dIkhane meM to isalie ki vaha hone se kama hai|'' (pR0 26) "prAsamAna meM ur3ane phirane se hama bar3e nahIM ho jAte / yaha to vahI hA ki gIdha soce ki maiM U~cA huuN|" (pR0 58) "jagata artha para nahIM, puNya para calatA hai|" (pR0 116) "prema hI pAsa rakheM, zeSa saba dUra kara deM, to lagatA hai kucha nahIM raha sakatA jo AdamI ko na mila aaye|" (pR0 160) "sTeTa kaipiTailiz2ama kaipiTailijma kA bure se burA rUpa hai|" (pR0 261) "itihAsa kA sAra taba prApta hugrA mAnanA cAhie jaba mAnava-vikAsa kA grApha hI mAno usase udita hotA dIkhe / " (pR0 315) / "janataMtra kyA dalAdhIna hI rahegA ?" (pR0 424) aise aneka sthala diye jA sakate haiM / prAyaH prati pRSTha unase bharA hai /

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva jainendra jI kI upanyAsa-kalA kA vikAsa ___ maiMne san 1648 meM 'sAhitya-saMdeza ke akTUbara-navambara vizeSAMka meM "jainendrakumAraH do dRSTikoNa'' nAmaka lekha meM taba taka prakAzita jainendra jI ke upanyAsoM ke bAre meM likhA thA--- "sAdhAraNa pAThaka jainendra jI kA koI bhI upanyAsa par3hane baiThatA hai to pahale to use pUrI kitAba par3ha jAne para aisA lagatA hai ki jaise vaha kisI bhUla-bhulaiyA meM ghUma AyA ho / use unakI bhASA bar3I rahasyamayI lagatI hai| use unake pAtra azarIrI jAna par3ate haiN| use unake upanyAsoM meM kathAnaka kA ekadama abhAva lagatA hai| use unake bIca-bIca meM boye hue dArzanika pairegrAfa se eka dama virakti hone lagatI hai / vaha kitAba eka ajIba a~jhalAhaTa aura vecainI se khatma karatA hai| usake mana meM eka prazna-sA uThatA hai ki kyA lekhaka kucha aura kahanA cAhatA thA? mujhe lekhaka se aura kucha cAhie thA, aura kucha-kucha adhika spaSTa vivaraNa ! para lekhaka hai ki vaha pAThaka kI pakar3a meM nahIM prAne paataa| vaha havA bana jAtA hai, yAnI AsamAna meM cakkara kATate rahatA hai / aura pAThaka ko miTTI kI mUratoM se muhabbata hai, unhIM meM Aja taka vaha ramA hai| "pAThaka kI zikAyata saca mAna lI jAya to hama jainendrajI ke upanyAsoM meM Akhira pAte hI kyA haiM ? agara usameM plATa nahIM hai, pAtra nahIM hai, manorama bhASA nahIM hai, jIvana kA svAbhAvika citragaNa nahIM hai, to Akhira vaha kyA cIja hai jo pAThaka ko barabasa jainendra kA upanyAsa pUrA par3ha jAne ke lie bAdhya karatI hai ? maiMne abhI taka jainendra ke eka bhI upanyAsa ko eka bAra hAthoM meM lekara jo pUrI taraha par3ha na gayA ho, aisA samajhadAra aura surucizIla pAThaka nahI dekhA / mAnA ve upanyAsa pAThaka kI bauddhika kutUhalamayI zaMkAzIla vRtti ko cunautI dete haiN| mAnA ki ve upanyAsa pAThaka kI mAnya dhAraNAmoM ke prati vidroha karate calate haiM; mAnA ki jainendra bilkula joza-hIna aura kinhIM (vikRta) aAlocakoM kI dRSTi se 'gUDha' aura bilkula nIrasa upanyAsa likhate haiM to phira vaha kyA cIja hai jo unake pAThakoM kI saMkhyA dina-vadina bar3hAye jA rahI hai ? vaha kauna-sA tatva hai jo lekhaka jainendra ke upanyAsoM kI prAtmA aura bhitti hai|" ___ "merA saMkSepa meM uttara hai ki jainendra kumAra hamAre yuga kI mAMgoM kA upanyAsakAra hai / upanyAsa ke vikAsa meM ghaTanA-pradhAna aura caritra-pradhAna upanyAsoM kA, yAnI 'bhUtanAtha' aura 'raMgabhUmi' aura 'titalI' aura zrIkAnta' kA yuga aba samApta ho cukA / aba manovaijJAnika upanyAsoM kA yuga pAyA hai / aba upanyAsa galiyoM meM nahIM bhaTakate, ve manuSya kI prAtmA meM praveza kara cuke haiM / ve 'jemsa jAisa' aura 'lAreMsa' kI taraha manoloka ke chAyA-prakAza kI jhAMkI lenA cAhate haiM / jo upanyAsa mAnava

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jainendrajI kA jayavardhana mana kA, vyakti kA, sAmAjika mana se yAnI samaSTi se jo saMgharSa nitya-prati cala rahA hai, usake pratIka haiM, ve hI upanyAsa Adhunika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiN| aba sirpha munna miyA~ aura channa miyA~ ina do bhAiyoM meM murga-baTera kI taraha khUna-kharAbI taka kI lar3AI ho jAne para hI hamArA dila pighale itane nATya-buddhi ke aura bacce hama nahIM rahe / aba hama (hindI ke sAdhAraNa pAThaka) vyakti ke manovizleSaNa kI sUkSma bAtoM ko bhI samajha sakate haiM / aba hama samAja meM guptataH aura spaSTataH bar3hatI huI vicAradhArAe~ bhI guna sakate haiM / aura isI se aba hameM sirpha 'kisse' nahIM cAhie; na hI hamAre lie 'phasAne' kAphI haiM / hameM cAhie upanyAsa ! sahI mAnoM meM upanyAsa ve jo samasyAmUlaka hoN| V"janendrakumAra ke upanyAsoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve samasyAmUlaka hote haiM / ve kisI mahatvapUrNa prazna ko lekara calate haiM / ataH unake pAtra azarIrI ho jAte haiN| ve pAtra svayaM amUrta aura apUrNa, ataH sajIva praznacihna hote haiM / lekhaka una sajIva praznacihnoM ko pUrNa vyakti-svAtaMtrya detA hai / vaha unake bIca meM kiMkartavya-vimUr3ha, maticakarAyA-sA khar3A hai| aura vaha jaise rAha nahIM jAnatA / daha rAha pAThaka sujhAe / unake upanyAsa isI kAraNa adhikatara praznAnta haiM--na sukhAnta, na duHkhAnta hI pUrI taraha / " "vaha upanyAsagata prazna athavA samasyA eka vyakti kI akele kI nahIM, jamAne kI aura hara eka vyakti kI hotI hai / 'parakha' kI bAla-vidhavA aura antima aMza 'sunItA' kI pati-samarpita vyAhatA jo pati kI icchA ke liye hI eka gumarAha ko, eka 'seksa' ke prati kuMThita vyakti ko, mAnavI banAnA cAhatI hai / 'tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla nA jo pati ke yahA~ prAzraya nahIM pAtI aura naihara se ThukarAyI jAtI hai tisa para bhI AtmA jisakI avyabhicarita hai; aura 'kalyANI' kI vaha ajIba nAyikA jo pati ke hAthoM tAr3ana bhI prasAda rUpa meM grahaNa karatI hai, usase chUTanA cAhatI hai, phira bhI nahIM chUTatI aura eka aise Adarza ke liye apane Apako homa detI hai, jo Adarza vaha khuda jAnatI hai ki prAyaH asAdhya hai / yaha saba ujjvala AtmAe~ kisI eka Adarza kI aora sazakta saMketa karatI haiM-jahA~ nIti kI maryAdA Aja ke kSudra jAtIya nItivadhanoM kI taraha bandhanarUpa na hokara aAtma-nirIta hogI / ve cAroM nArI-caritra vartamAna paristhiti se asantuSTa haiM, phira bhI prema se (yAnI ahiMsA se) usI meM se rAha nikAlanA cAhatI haiM / pariNAma spaSTa hai ki ve 'phela' hotI haiM ve TUTate hue tAre kI taraha eka ujjvala prakAzapuja chor3a kara apanI-apanI samasyA ke duSTa Avarta meM bali ho jAtI haiM / aura kauna hRdaya-hIna hogA jo Akara yaha kaha de ki yaha balidAna arthahIna hai ? balahIna aura prabhAvahIna hai ?"

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva "parantu bAta asala meM yaha hai ki jainendra ke upanyAsoM kI 'apIla' hRdaya ko lakSya karake hotI hai / ve ekadama marmasthala kureda dete haiM / ve samasyA ko zraddhApUrvaka sulajhAnA cAhate haiN| na to vaha use TAla hI denA cAhate haiM ki anya bAtoM meM yAnI ghaTanA caritra yA varNanoM kI bArIkI meM pAThaka kA citta ulajhA diyA jAya dhaura mUla praznoM ko TAla diyA jAya; aura na ve vidhvaMsaka buddhivAdI kI taraha usa samasyA ko miTA denA hI cAhate haiM / ve atizaya namratApUrvaka aura grAgraha - pUrvaka samasyA kI gA~Tha kI taha-para-taha kholate cale jAte haiM / magara gA~Tha bahuta pakkI hai / vaha unase pUrI taraha khulatI nahIM / aura pAThaka se madada kI ve bIca hI meM pukAra karake upanyAsa ko samApta kara dete haiM / " 4 "sAdhAraNa pAThaka jainendrajI ke upanyAsoM se buddhimAna Alocaka kI taraha kevala ulajhana meM nahIM par3a jAtA varan vicArottejana pAtA hai / vaha usameM Adarza ke prati eka sazakta iMgita pAtA hai-- 'parakha' meM prAdhyAtmika vivAha kA, 'sunItA' meM parAkASThA ke prAtmika pAtivratya kA, tyAgapatra meM samAja kI mAnyanIti ke prati vidroha kA aura 'kalyANI' meM punaH hamAre nArI samAja ke ghara aura bAhara ke sAmaMjasya kA prAdarza prastuta pAtA hai; sAtha hI rUr3ha sAmAjika saMskAroM ke rUr3ha-nIti-bandhana, rUr3ha -vivAha paddhati, rUr3ha krAMtikAritA aura striyoM kI svatantratA vagairaha kI saccI jAMca pAtA hai / vaha unake upanyAsoM meM eka tAjA, prasanna zailI eka pravAha pAtA haijo anya kaI hindI lekhakoM meM durlabha hai / vaha unake upanyAsoM meM gati aura nirbhayatA, bala aura urdhvagAmitA pAtA hai / vaha unameM karuragA kA poSaNa aura yuga-yugAnta vyApI satyoM kI punarsthApanA pAtA hai / vaha unameM eka susaMgati pAtA hai: eka khoja ki nArI sacamuca meM kyA hai aura kyA honI cAhiye ? saMkSepa meM, vaha unake sAhitya meM gAMdhI-yuga kI eka jhalaka pAtA hai / " isake bAda jainendra jI ne 'sukhadA', 'vivarta', 'vyatIta' likhe / ye bhI kAphI rocaka upanyAsa the / 'vyatIta' jaba reDiyo para prasArita kiyA gayA to usane kaI zrotoM ko bahuta AkarSita kiyA / buddhivAda ke atireka ghaura khokhalepana para, jisameM asaMgati ho' aise arAjakavAdI kI vANI aura karanI ke vaipamya para, ina upanyAsoM meM tryaMga thA, parantu mAnavIya sahAnubhUti se ve kahIM khAlI nahIM the / 'jayavardhana' unakA nauvA~ zraura nayA upanyAsa hai| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jise jarmana bhASA meM 'kAla kI prAtmA' (jAiTajIsTa) yA yuga satya kahate haiM, usakA prativimbana yA pratiphalana isa upanyAsa meM hai| balki yoM kaheM ki upanyAsakAra kI pratibhA isameM kAlajayI hone kA prayatna karatI hai| isa dharatI se ba~dhe huye saMkalpa isa dharatI se Upara hone kA nirantara yatna kara rahe haiM; isa vartamAna meM sthita hone para

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jainendra jI kA jayavardhana bhI vartamAna se pare jAne kA yatna yahA~ spaSTa hai / vastutaH bhUta kA kitanA graMza hai jo vartamAna ho gayA hai, kitanA aMza hai jo aba nirjIva-niSprANa bana cukA hai-isakA UhApoha cidAnanda ke prasaMga meM jayavardhana meM pAyA hai; bhaviSyat kA bhI kitanA hai jo jyoM-kA-tyoM liyA yA sahA jA sakegA, yaha prazna nAthadaMpati ke prasaMga meM uThAyA gayA hai aura jisako hama 'pra' pratyaya se vibhUSita banAkara vizeSArthinI gati kahate haiM, usake bhI mUla meM jAne kA jainendrajI ne prayatna kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se jainendrajI ke isa upanyAsa ko gambhIra mahattA hai| pazcima ke sAhitya meM upanyAsa kI Aja kI dazA acchI nhiiN| je0 ema0 kohena apane 'e hisTrI Apha vesTarna liTarecara' meM phrAMsa ke sArva-mAla rAM-kaimU, jarmanI ke begrena-graena-mAna aura AsTriyA ke kApakA Adi kI carcA karane ke bAda likhate haiM : "The novel has died a victim to the loss of an agreed picture of the Universe, which has faded with the stifling of Christianity by non-dogmatic idealism and crude materialism." jaba pazcima meM upanyAsa kI yaha sthiti hai, pUrva meM aura vizeSata: bhArata meM upanyAsa kI gati adhikAdhika vicArAtmakatA kI ora bar3he isameM koI Azcarya nahIM hai / jApAna meM 'seTiMga sana' jaise upanyAsa kI behada lokapriyatA bhI isI dizA kI ora iMgita karatI hai / jainendrajI ke upanyAsa kI pIThikA jIvana-darzana hai| balki upanyAsa-kalA aura jIvana-darzana viSayaka dRSTikoNa yahA~ ekAkAra ho gaye haiN| samakAlInoM kI praticchAyA prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki kyA jayavardhana meM javAharalAla neharU aura prAcArya vinobA bhAve ke hI vicAroM kA prakSepaNa yA pratinyAsa mAtra nahIM hai ? zrI lakSmInArAyaNa bhAratIya ne 'naI dhArA' meM eka lekha meM 'jayavardhanaH ekavaicArika samAlocana" meM kahA hai "upanyAsa kA kAlakSetra Aja se karIba pacahattara-assI sAla ke bAda kA hai aura yadyapi 'jayavardhana' usa kAla ke vicAra kA pratinidhitva, lekhaka kI AkAMkSA ke rUpa meM, prakaTa karatA hai, phira bhI usameM Aja ke javAharalAla jI ke vyaktitva kA aura prAcArya meM gA~dhI jI ke vyaktitva kA darzana hotA hai / gA~dhI jI aba nahIM rhe| javAharalAla jI kA vyaktitva kisa dizA meM mor3anA maMgalakArI ho sakatA hai, yaha zAyada lekhaka kI AkAMkSA hai, parantu yaha milAna saMketa-rUpa meM hI mAnanA cAhiye / jaya ko par3hate samaya to javAharalAla kA antardarzana prakaTa hotA hai, phira bhI jaya unheM prAdarza pradAna karane kI dRSTi se Age bar3ha gayA hai / prAcArya kI ujjvala mUrti meM bhI bApU kI jhA~kI kucha prakaTa hotI hai, lekina unase prAcArya kA uttara-jIvana-kArya koI

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva mela nahIM khAtA / udhara svAmI eka paramparA ke pratirUpa banate haiM, isaliye "sA~varenTI kahIM hai to dharmanIti ke hI niyamoM ke sAtha hai", ise ve AgrahapUrvaka pratipAdana karate haiM / sAtha hI, kucha dRzya kaTTaratA para bhI sahaja vyaMgya lekhaka ne kara diyA hai aura pragatizIla dala kI vicalita sthiti prakaTa karake dUsare pakSa kA vyaMgya bhI usameM jor3a diyA hai| phira bhI yaha upanyAsa kisI vyakti yA prasaMga kI pUrNachApa yA pratirUpa nahIM aura pustaka samApti ke anantara pAThaka pAtroM se adhika vicAra-vivecana meM hI lIna ho jAtA hai / jaya kA rAjyatyAga eka bar3I ghaTanA hone ke kAraNa vahI sAmane AtI hai| sAre vicAra-vivecana ke liye use kendrIya pAtra cunA gayA hai / lekina jaya kA pAtra kahIM para bhI choTA nahIM banane diyA gayA yaha spaSTa evaM saketa-pUrNa bhI hai| "yahI vicAra-vivecana 'vartamAna' ko pAra karake 'bhaviSyat kI saMbhAvanAoM' kI aora bhI iMgati karatA hai / vaha kahatA hai, "rAjya kI ora se jitane udAsIna raheMge aura janazakti meM AsthA rakheMge, utane hI daMDa-zakti ke bharose calane vAle rAjyataMtra ko anAvazyaka banAte jaayege|" yaha kisI ghaTanA-krama kI nahIM, vicAravikAsa kI hI saMbhAvanA hai / Aja saMsAra meM jo vaicArika saMgharSa cala rahA hai, usake dvArA navayuga kI garbha-vedanA tIvratama ho rahI hai| sAtha hI eka bhUlabhulaiyA bhI vicAraka ko apane bhItara lekara use bhaTakA rahI hai, kyoMki rAjanIti ne sabako AkrA~ta kara diyA hai| saba para vaha hAvI hai / cetana bhI rAjyazakti ke kAraNa jar3a bana rahA hai| yaha pravAha mAnavatA aura naitikatA ke lie kahIM abhizApa hI na sAbita ho, aisA bhaya vicArakoM ko hone lagA hai / isalie lekhaka usa parade ko cIra kara, phira cAhe vaha loka-kalyANakArI rAjya kA paradA ho yA samAjavAdI rAjya kA ho, yA sAmyavAdI rAjya kA ho, hara prasaMga para yA to rAjyazakti kI maryAdAeM spATa karatA hai yA usake vilayana kI hI AkA~kSA / jaya ke bhItara kA saMgharSa isI kA pratIka hai| isalie jaya eka 'pratIka' banatA hai, jisakI pariNati rAjyatyAga meM hotI hai| rAjya "keMdrita hai, kAmika hai, naitika nahIM, to yuddha bhI usake sAtha anivArya hai', kahakara vaha yuddha aura rAjya kA anyonyAzraya sambandha spaSTa karatA hai evaM usake sAtha kA alagAva bhI tIvratA se prakaTa karatA hai|" bhavya mAnavatAvAdI upanyAsa / upanyAsa kA pradhAna viSaya jayavardhana kA karmAyukta vyaktitva na hokara usake bhItara kA manuSya hai / antataH rAjanaitika-sAmAjika samasyAeM jo uThatI bhI haiM, ve jaya ke bhItara ke manuSyatva ke sAmane gauNa aura vyartha ho jAtI haiN| antataH jo bhI rAja aura samAja ke savAla haiM. una saba kA parama uddezya manuSya ko mahattara aura bRhattara manuSya banAnA hai / yadi vaha nahIM ho pAtA hai, to sattA ke kendrIkaraNa

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jainendrajI kA jayavardhana vikendrIkaraNa kI sArI carcA be-mAnI ho jAtI hai / jainendrajI ke isa navya mAnavatAvAdI upanyAsa meM Aja kI sAmAjika, rAjanItika ulajhanoM kA mUla 'sTeTa' aura sTeTa ke samAnArthaka bana jAne vAle yA banAye jAne vAle vyaktitva-pUjaka andhazraddha janasAdhAraNa aura unakI mriyamANa vivekazakti meM dekhA hai / yadi jana-jana ke bhItara kA manuSyatva jAgRta ho jAya, to antataH kisI 'tantrAtmaka jana:ntra' yA usake paryAya ke rUpa meM sujhAyI jAne vAlI kalyANaprada tAnAzAhI kI jarUrata banI bhI rahegI kyA ? inhIM saba bAtoM ke saMketa jainendra ne apane upanyAsa meM diye haiN| upanyAsa-kalA kI dRSTi se, mere mata meM, hindI meM yaha pustaka eka nayA mor3a upasthita karatI hai| idhara upanyAsa kSetra meM pracalikatA yA prAdezikatA athavA bhaugolika vaiziSTya ko bahuta pradhAnatA sAmAjika yathArthavAdiyo ne dI hai| samAjavAdI dezoM meM aise lekhana kI bar3I pratiSThA bhI hai| lekina usa AMcAlikatA ke yathArtha kI apanI sImAe~ haiM / una citroM kA mahattva kisI 'laiMDaskepa' yA 'snaipazaoNTa' kA sA hai / eka aura citrakalA hotI hai, jo atIndriya kA mUrta-vidhAna karanA cAhatI hai| kaI taraha ke nAma una zailiyoM ko AdhunikatAvAda ke antargata diye gaye haiM / koNavAdI, bimbavAdI, uttara bimbavAdI, atiyathArthavAdI, racanAtmakatAvAdI (kaMsTrakTivisTa) ityAdi / kavitA ke kSetra meM naye-naye zailI-prayoga bhArata kI bhASAoM meM pratiSTita ho rahe haiM--hindI meM bhI aba unheM utanI zaMkA kI dRSTi se zAyada nahIM dekhA jAtA / kathA upanyAsa meM bhI navInatA-zailIgata tathA prAzayagata-jina lekhakoM ne hindI ko dI, jainendra jI unameM pradhAna haiM / jayavardhana hindI kA eka Adhunikatama upanyAsa hai; isameM manovizleSaNa ke liye manovizleSaNa nahIM hai; saMjJA-pravAha ke lie saMjJA-pravAha nahIM hai / saba antata: eka pramukha kendrIya uddezya, mAnava kI pratiSThA, ke liye hai| upanyAsa kA upanyAsa-tatva anta meM punaH prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jayavardhana ko upanyAsa kahAM taka mAnA jAya ? vizvasAhitya meM, anya kaI bhASAoM meM, aise dArzanika vAda-vivAda-pradhAna upanyAsa haiM / kaI Adhunika upanyAsakAroM ne aisI hI maulika naitika samasyAoM ko lekara likhA hai| parantu sarvatra upanyAsa kI rocakatA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke liye saMketa ke rUpa me hI ye dArzanika prazna una kahAniyoM meM Aye haiM, ve pradhAnatA nahIM pA sakate haiM / jayavardhana ke lekhaka kA mUla uddezya zAyada upanyAsa-kalA kI chaTA dikhAnA nahI hai| usake mana meM samprati jo bar3e prazna duniyA ko aura bhArata ko satA rahe haiM, unakA vivecana karanA hai / kahAnI, pAtra, ghaTanAe~ usase gauNa ho gayI haiM sahI, para mUla dRSTi se upanyAsa meM upanyAsa-tattva kI kamI nahIM hai / pAThaka ko lekhaka kI racanA

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52 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kisa uddezya se likhI gayI hai, yaha samajha kara apanI sahAnubhUti use denI cAhiye / sahAnubhUti ke binA rasodbodhana sambhava nahIM hai aura taba jayavardhana se sAdhAraNa pAThaka ko bhI prabhUta rasopalabdhi ho to usameM prAzcarya nahIM / isa pustaka kI vizeSatA aura apIla anya prakAra kI anya stara kI hai / maiM samajhatA hU~ ki pratibhautikatAvAda se trasta videzI kI dRSTi meM bhArata kI mahattA kI khoja meM yaha vicAra-maMthana kI upalabdhi vizeSa sArthaka hai / pUrva aura pazcima ke bIca zrAja jisa vicAra- setu ke nirmANa kI prAzA kI jA rahI hai, usa dizA meM pustaka bahuta mahattva kI hai / yaha kaI dinoM taka bAra-bAra par3hI jAyagI aura usakA mahattva bhaviSya meM aura bhI nikharegA; cU~ki isa grantha meM bhaviSyavANI kA-sA guNa hai, jo zreSTha kalAkRti kI eka pradhAna kasauTI hai /

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prAcArya nandadulAre vAjapeyI jainendrakumAra hindI meM upanyAsakAra jainendra kI khyAti eka vicAraka aura ciMtaka ke rUpa meM adhika hai| unakI racanAoM meM zuddha sAhityika guNoM ke atirikta unake vicAroM aura dArzanikatA ko bhI r3har3hane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| yoM to pratyeka lekhaka meM kachana-kucha bauddhika vicAraNA rahatI hai, paraMtu kucha lekhakoM meM vaha itanI pramukha hotI hai ki usI ke AdhAra para usakI samasta kRti kA saMghaTana hotA hai aura kabhI kabhI to eka vizeSa vicAradhArA ke nirdeza ke lie hI usa racanA kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai / jainendra jI ke upanyAsoM meM prArambha se hI eka bauddhika yA dArzanika dRSTikoNa rahA hai| unakI paravartI kRtiyoM meM to dArzanikatA itanI pramukha ho gaI hai ki unakA sAhityika svarUpa hI gogga ho gayA hai / sAdhAraNa vicArakoM kI bhAMti jainendra jI ke vicAra unakI kRtiyoM meM saralatApUrvaka nahIM r3ha r3he jA sakate / unameM eka aspaSTatA rahA karatI hai aura pAThakoM ke vizeSa parizrama karane para hI unake vicAra-sUtra upalabdha hote haiM / unake vicAroM kI yaha rahasyAtmakatA yA spaSTatA kisa kAraNa hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| kadAcit jainendra jI racanA ke prabhAva ko tIvra karane ke lie eka anirdiSTa vicAraNA usameM milA dete haiM / kabhI-kabhI kalA meM aspaHTatA bhI AkarSaNa kA hetu bana jAtI hai / yaha to mAnanA hI par3egA ki sAhityika racanAoM meM vastu-citraNa aura bhAva-citraNa hI mukhya hote haiM / yadi unameM pratyakSa rUpa se vicAra-dhArA kA saMyoga karA diyA jAtA hai, to racanA meM upadezAtmakatA pA jAne kA bhaya rahatA hai / kadAcit isI upadezAtmakatA ke Aropa se bacane ke lie jainendra jI apane upanyAso meM jo dArzanikatA upasthita karate haiM, vaha aspaSTa aura rahasyAtmaka rahA karatA hai / jainendrajI eka bhAvuka kathAkAra haiM; ataeva unake vicAroM meM bhI bhAvukatA kA honA svAbhAvika haiN| jaba koI vicAradhArA bhAvanA para Azrita ho jAtI hai, taba usake tArkika pakSa ko athavA pramANa-prameya saMbaMdha ko DhUr3ha nikAlanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / jainendra jI kI dArzanika aspaSTatA kA yaha bhI eka kAraNa hai| adhikatara unakI kRtiyoM meM bhAvukatA kA itanA sazakta pravAha hai ki unakI mUlavartI vicAradhArA ukta bhAvukatA meM hI DUbI rahatI hai|

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54 janendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ____ 'tyAgapatra' nAmaka inake upanyAsa ko hI liijie| isa upanyAsa ke dArzanika aAdhAra para spaSTa bodha karane ke lie hameM prArambha meM hI yaha samajha lenA hogA ki isa upanyAsa meM nAyikA mRgagAla kA caritra-lekhana kiyA gayA hai aura UparI dRSTi se pratIta hone vAle usake samasta naitika aura vyAvahArika avaguNoM kA apavAraNa kara use eka mahAn nArI ke rUpa meM upasthita karane kA udyoga kiyA gayA hai| isI udyoga ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM tyAgapatra meM dArzanikatA kI yojanA kI gaI hai| prArambha meM hI hama dekhate haiM ki mRNAla vivAha ke pUrva apanI sakhI zIlA ke ghara AtI-jAtI rahI hai aura zIlA ke bhAI ke prati usakA AkarSaNa bhI ho gayA hai| isI bIca meM usakA vivAha eka aise vyakti se kara diyA jAtA hai, jo Ayu meM usase bahuta bar3A hai aura vizeSa par3hA-likhA bhI nahIM / isa prasaMga meM zIlA ke bhAI ke prati mRNAla ke vyavahAra ko eka rahasyAtmaka prAvaraNa meM hI rakha kara lekhaka ne apanA kAma calAyA hai aura sArA doSa mRNAla ke vayaska pati para rakha chor3A hai| dUsarA prasaMga tatra upasthita hotA hai, jaba mRNAla se ruSTa hokara usakA vivAhita pati use alaga kara detA hai aura vaha asahAya avasthA meM rahane lagatI hai / yahA~ lekhaka ne mRNAla ke vivAha-pUrva AcaraNa ko rahasyAtmaka rIti se chipAkara usake prati hamArI sampUrNa sahAnubhUti prApta kara lI hai, kintu isa sthiti meM Akara lekhaka ke sammukha mArga yaha thA ki vaha mRNAla kA naitika patana na dikhAkara usakI sAdhanAmayI jIvanI kA prArambha karatA aura mRNAla ke caritra ko nayA utkarSa dekara hamArI sahAnubhUti ko sthira rakhatA; parantu lekhaka ne usa mArga ko na canakara mRNAla kA saMbaMdha eka dUsare vyakti se pradarzita kiyA hai / isa samAja virodhI aura anaitika pakSa kI puSTi ke lie lekhaka ne phira apane 'tattvajJAna' kA sahArA liyA hai| sAmAjika dRSTi se parapuruSa-sambandha eka apavAda hI hai; parantu lekhaka isa sambandha meM hI mRNAla kI jIvana-sAdhanA kA darzana karatA hai / hama kaha sakate haiM ki yaha dArzanikatA sAmAjika niyamoM kI virodhinI, aspaSTa aura atyanta gUr3ha hai / lekhaka isa paristhiti meM mRNAla kI dayanIya dazA aura vivazatA kA mArmika citra upasthita kara hamArI sahAnubhUti mRNAla kI ora phira se prAkRSTa karatA hai / yaha kArya vaha apanI bhAvuka dArzanikatA ke bala para karatA hai / kramaza: mRNAla garhita samAja meM gaharI paiThanI jAtI hai aura jyoM-jyoM usakA samparka isa prAcArahIna samAja se bar3hatA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM lekhaka usake vyaktitva ko utkarSa detA aura use sAdhanA ke mArga meM bahuta U~cA uThA hA pradarzita karatA hai| mRNAla bhagavAn kI duhAI detI hai aura apanI avazatA meM hI apanA kartRtva mAnane lagatI hai| vaha svataH apane ko kisI alaukika uddezya kI siddhi kA nimitta mAnatI hai aura pramoda jaise

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jainendrakumAra vicArazIla tathA uccapadastha vyakti ko bhI isa sAdhanA-mArga meM praveza karane kA niSedha karatI hai| prazna yaha hai ki lekhaka ne kauna-sI sAdhanA mRNAla ko sauMpI hai ? pratyakSa meM upanyAsa kisI vizeSa sAdhanA-patha kA saMketa nahIM karatA, tathApi lekhaka kI dRSTi meM mRgagAla eka utkRSTatama sAdhikA banI huI hai| ____ isake prAge hama mRNAla ko eka parivAra meM baccoM kI dekha-rekha karate aura usase milane vAle dravya se jIvikA calAte dekhate haiN| yahA~ avazya hameM yaha pratIta hotA hai ki mRNAla aba svAtmanirbhara ho gaI hai aura vaha svatantra rUpa se apanI maryAdA kI rakSA karatI huI apanA jIvana-yApana kara sakatI hai; parantu lekhaka mRNAla kI isa saMtoSajanaka paristhiti ko adhika dina kAyama nahIM rkhtaa| usakI naukarI chUTa jAtI hai aura vaha phira pUrvavata vivazatA pUrNa anidi' Ta mArga para calane lagatI hai| aMta meM vaha atyanta zocanIya aura viTa pa paristhitiyoM meM par3akara rugNa ho jAtI hai aura kucha samaya bAda 'ghuTa-ghuTa kara prANa tyAga detI hai| yahA~ bhI kisI suspaSTa jIvanakrama ke sthAna para hameM mRNAla kI kiMkartavyavimUr3ha sthiti kA hI bodha karAyA jAtA hai| __ eka sthAna para mRNAla apanI-jaisI AzrayahIna nAriyoM kA eka saMgaThana taiyAra karatI huI dikhAI gaI hai / isa avasara para pramoda se usakI kucha bAtacIta bhI hotI hai / pramoda ke Agraha karane para bhI vaha usake ghara Ane ko taiyAra nahIM hotI; parantu usase Avazyaka dravya lekara nirAzrita nAriyoM kI sahAyatA meM lagAne kA vicAra karatI hai| pramoda se use Avazyaka dravya nahIM milatA / isa prasaMga meM lekhaka kI dArzanikatA yaha subhAtI pratIta hotI hai ki acche-se-acche sudhAravAdI vyaktiyoM dvArA bhI atyAvazyaka sAmAjika kArya meM yatheSTa sahayoga milanA sambhava nahIM hotA / usakI yaha upapatti hameM samAja kI eka sAmAnya pravRtti kA paricaya bhara karAtI hai; parantu lekhaka isa ghaTanA kI yojanA dvArA bhI mRNAla ke caritra ke utkarSa ko bar3hAtA hai aura usakI dayanIya dazA ke prati saMvedanA utpanna karatA hai / samasta upanyAsa meM isI bhAvuka aura rahasyamaya praNAlI ke prayoga dvArA hamArI sahAnubhUti khIMcI gaI hai; paraMtu prazna yaha hai ki mRNAla ke caritra meM vAstavika garimA lekhaka kahA~ taka lA sakA hai ? dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki mRNAla ko vinA vAstavika cAritrika garimA die, usake prati hamArI saMvedanA AkRSTa karanA kahA~ taka svastha sAhityika uddezya kahA jA sakatA hai ? hama thor3I dera ke lie yaha bhI mAna leM ki jainendra kA uddezya nArI kI vartamAna sAmAjika asahAyAvasthA ke citraNa dvArA samAja kI vyavasthA ke viruddha vidroha utpanna karanA hai, mRNAla ko kaSTapUrNa aura anaitika sthitiyoM meM rakha kara

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cainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva lekhaka ne hamArI samAja-virodhI cetanA ko aura bhI tIna kiyA hai; parantu hamArI ukta cetanA ko jAgRta karane ke liye kyA yaha bhI Avazyaka thA ki mRNAla ke sAmAjika patana ko bhI divya aura lokottara sAdhanA kA nAma diyA jAtA ? lekhaka ke isa aMtima nirdeza ko svIkAra karane meM hama asamartha haiM / pramacanda ko AdarzavAdI kahakara loga saMkIrNa yA guz2are jamAne kA lekhaka kahate haiM; parantu premacandajI AdarzavAdI hote hue bhI jIvana ke prati AsthA aura vizvAsa se pUrNa haiM, jaba ki janendra-jase lekhakoM kI dRSTi atyanta vyaktivAdI, tarkapradhAna aura anirdiSTa hai / vAda koI ho, usake antargata lekhaka kI jIvanAnubhUti usake utkarSa kI vidhAyaka hotI hai / prasiddha lekhaka ajJeya ThIka hI kahate haiM ki 'paravartI upanyAsa kI apekSA premacanda ke upanyAsoM meM racanAtmaka prabhAva kI sambhAvanA adhika hai| kyoMki premacanda kA prAdarzavAda mAnavatA meM Asakti rakhatA hai aura vaha Asakti racanAtmaka praNAliyoM meM bA~dhI jA sakatI hai|' premacandajI ke upanyAsoM meM sAmAjikatA kA guNa pUrNa mAtrA meM pAyA jAtA hai| unake pAtra aura caritra Adhunika bhAratIya jIvana ke pratinidhi rUpa meM citrita hue haiM / unake nirmANa meM racayitA kI dRSTi sAmAjika vikAsa kI ora pUrNataH saMlagna hai / premacandajI kA anubhava vyApaka aura vizAla hai| unhoMne anekAneka sAmAjika staroM se pAtroM aura caritroM kA cayana kiyA hai| unake sAhitya meM vyaktigata manovaijJAnika svAsthya-asvAsthya kA prazna nahIM uThatA, kyoMki premacanda kA sAhitya bahirmukha sAhitya hai aura jIvana ke praznoM aura samasyAoM se jur3A huA hai / jainendra kI sAhitya-sRSTi vyaktimukhI hai / unakA sambandha sAmAjika jIvana ke vyApaka svarUpoM se kama hI hai / ve vaiyaktika manobhAvoM aura sthitiyoM ke citrakAra haiM / jainendra ke sAhitya meM racayitA kI antarmukhI pravRtti kA purA yoga hai, jisake kAraNa racanA ke sAtha usake racayitA kI manovaijJAnika parIkSA bhI aAvazyaka ho jAtI hai / premacanda kA sAhitya isa prakAra kI parIkSA se pare hai, kyoMki premacanda svastha aura vikAsonmukha sAmAjika jIvana ke citrakAra haiM / jainendra bhI yAdoM kI sthApanA karate haiM; parantu unake sAhitya ko AdarzavAdI nahI kahA jA sktaa| ve kalpanA-pradhAna aura vyaktivAdI lekhaka haiN| ina donoM sAhitya-saraNiyoM kA antara samajhane ke lie yaha jAna lenA bhI Avazyaka hai ki jainendra kumAra sAmAjika jIvana ke vAstavika pravAha se dUra jAkara 'pAdhyAtmika' sUkSmataMtroM ko citrita karane kA lakSya rakhate haiM; parantu isa 'prAdhyAtmika' citraNa meM unakI manaHsthiti pUrNataH svastha aura taTastha nahIM dikhAI detI / jainendra sAmAjika jIvana se dUra jAkara jisa sAhitya kI sRSTi karate haiM, usameM vyakti ke mAnasika saMgharSa aura usakI paristhitijanya samasyAe~ pramukha rUpa se AtI haiM; parantu unakA nirUpaNa karane meM lekhaka kA

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jainendrakumAra dRSTikoNa svastha aura spaSTa nahIM hai / Adhunika samAjavAdI vicAraka premacandajI ko hindI kA pramukha pragatizIla lekhaka mAnate haiM / sAmAjika jIvana se unake ghaniSTha sambandha ko sabhI svIkAra karate haiM / jainendra kumAra isase bhinna vyaktivAdI kalAkAra haiM / hAla kI unakI racanAoM meM caritroM kI aikAMtikatA, jIvana ke pravAha se pRthaktA aura dUrI atyadhika spaSTa ho gaI hai / samAjavAdI vicAraka jainendra ko jIvana kI vAstavikatA se dUra jAte hae lekhaka ke rUpa meM dekha rahe haiM / kucha samIkSAoM meM unako pratikriyAvAdI racanAkAra kahA gayA hai / inase samIkSakoM kA tAtparya janendrajI kI una sAhityika pravRttiyoM se hai, jinameM ve sAmAjika mUlyoM kI avamAnanA kara svataMtra aura vaiyaktika mana:tarkavAda kA nirUpaNa karate dikhAI dete haiM / jainendrajI ko sAmAjika jIvana se bhAgane vAlA yA palAyanavAdI bhI kahA gayA hai / naitika AdarzoM ko jainendrajI ke sAhitya meM koI sthira mAnyatA prApta nahIM hai / hama rUDhibaddha sAmAjika naitikatA ke hAmI nahIM haiM; parantu hama usa manovijJAna ko avazya samajhanA cAhate haiM, jo samasta sAmAjika vyavahAroM meM eka prazna-cihna lagAkara raha jAtA hai aura badale meM koI nayA nirdeza yA racanAtmaka subhAva nahIM detaa| ____ vyaktiyoM aura pAtroM kA citraNa yadi ekadama aisI bhUmi para kiyA jAya, jisase sAmAjika naitikatA kA yA pracalita vyavahAroM kA koI sambandha na ho aura phira yaha AzA kI jAya ki ve pAtra aura caritra sAmAjika vyavahAroM kI kasauTI para na parakhe jAya~, balki unake lie saba prakAra kI chUTa hote hue bhI ve mahAn mAne jAeM, to yaha eka atizaya asAdhAraNa mA~ga hogii| prazna hotA hai ki aisI asAdhAraNa mA~ga kyoM ? isake uttara meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI yuga-vizeSa meM paramparAgata dhAraNAmoM aura sAmAjika prAdarzoM ke viruddha vidroha karane kI AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai aura nae naitika mUlya kA sthApana kiyA jA sakatA hai| aise krAMti-yugoM meM kathAkAra kA yaha dharma ho jAtA hai ki vaha kramAgata sAmAjika mUlyoM ke sthAna para nae mUlyoM kA nirdeza kare; parantu isakA yaha artha nahIM hotA ki ve nae mUlya aura Adarza ekadama hI kAlpanika aura asAmAjika ho / vidrohI kalAkAra bhI jisa navIna sAmAjikatA kA nirmANa karatA hai, usameM eka aucitya aura vyavasthA rahA karatI hai / jainendrajI kA vidroha isa prakAra kA nahIM hai / ve navIna sAmAjika mUlyoM kA nirdhAraNa nahIM karate; ve to apane pAtroM ke samAja-virodhI svarUpa kA eka rahasyavAdI dArzanikatA ke AdhAra para samarthana karate jAte haiM / ise hama sAhitya sambandhI svastha racanAtmaka dRSTi nahIM kaha skeNge| jisa vidroha meM racanAtmakatA na ho, aisA sAhityika kArya sacce arthoM meM krAntikArI nahIM kahA jA sktaa|

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58 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva katipaya manovizleSaka yaha kahate haiM ki jainendrakumAra ne jisa prakAra kI sAmAjika aAdhAra rahita sAhitya-mRSTi kI hai, usake mUla meM svayaM lekhaka kI palAyana-vRtti, duHkhavAdI (Salistic) dhAraNA aura atRpta vAsanA kAma karatI hai / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa palAyana-vRtti ko jainendrakumAra ne eka dArzanika prAvaraNa de ravakhA hai| unake pramukha caritra apane ko dArzanika cole meM prakaTa karate haiM / tyAgapatra kI mRNAla sthAna-sthAna para isa dArzanikatA ko lekara prastuta hotI hai; parantu prazna yaha hai ki kyA ukta dArzanika prAvaraNa se jainendrajI kI vAstavika manaHsthiti aura usake aAdhAra para nirmita hone vAlI caritroM aura pAtroM kI vAstavikatA chipAI jA sakatI hai ? jaba pUrNa racanA kA anuzIlana karane para bhI pAThaka ke hAtha kucha nahIM lagatA taba isa prazna kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki jainendrakumAra kI karuNA aura unakI saMvedanA ke citraNa kI asaliyata kyA hai / karuNA kisake lie aura kyoM ? yaha prazna unakI racanAoM meM prAyaH koI samAdhAna nahIM pAtA / ina kAraNoM se samIkSakoM kA yaha aAropa ki jainendrakumAra atyadhika vyaktivAdI, rahasyAtmaka tathA kAlpanika upanyAsakAra haiM tathA unake upanyAsoM kA sAmAjika prabhAva atyanta saMdigdha hai, anucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| premacanda kA sAhitya yatra-tatra dUsarI ati para pahu~ca gayA hai / ve eka sAmA. jika upadeSTA aura pracAraka ke rUpa meM upasthita hote haiM / vyakti kI mAnasika sthitiyoM kA citraNa karane meM ve utane kuzala nahIM haiN| vAstava meM vaha unakA mugya dhyeya hI nahIM hai / yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki nArI-caritra kA nirmANa karane meM premacandajI prAyaH saphala nahIM hue / premacandajI ke AdarzavAdI lakSya ke anurUpa na hone ke kAraNa aneka sAhityika AvazyakatAoM kI upekSA ho gaI hai / premacandajI ke upanyAsoM meM yatra-tatra bobhIlApana adhika ho gayA hai / ve kahIM kisI viSaya kI carcA karane lagate haiM, to use itanA vistAra de dete haiM ki vaha pAThaka ke dhairya kA parIkSaka bana jAtA hai / varNanoM ke vistAra dvArA ve kathA ko atyadhika khIMca DAlate hai, jisameM eka prakAra kA asaMtulana dikhAI par3ane lagatA hai / kalA kI dRSTi se ina truTiyoM ko svIkAra karanA par3atA hai| premacanda ke caritra-citraNa meM bhI vargagata citraNa kI hI pramukhatA hai / unake pAtra bhinna-bhinna vargoM ke pratIka bana jAte haiM / ise bhI sRjana kI vAstavika maulikatA ke liye bAdhaka hI kaha sakate haiM; parantu ina apavAdoM ke rahate hue premacandajI kA anubhavakSetra vistRta hai| pAtroM kI bAtacIta kauzala ke sAtha karAne kI unakI kSamatA asAdhAraNa hai; ucca AdarzoM kI ora unakI pravRtti abAdha hai / ve hindI ke mahAn aura asAdhAraNa upanyAsakAra aura kathAlekhaka kA sarvamAnya pada adhikRta karate haiM / kalA kI dRSTi se jainendrajI kI racanAeM una aneka doSoM se vimukta haiM, jinakA ullekha

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jainendrakumAra 56 premacandajI ke sambandha meM kiyA jAtA hai / phira bhI tattva yA niSkarSa kI dRSTi se ina do kalAkAroM meM jo antara hai, usake grAdhAra para yaha kahanA asaMgata na hogA ki premacanda kI samakakSatA meM jainendrakumAra ko rakhanA kisI bhI sAhityika mAnadaMDa ke anurUpa nahIM hogA / jainendrajI ke sambandha meM do bAteM zravasara bar3e prAgraha ke sAtha kahI jAtI haiM / eka yaha ki jainendrajI apane jIvana-darzana meM gA~dhIjI ke anuyAyI yA gA~dhIvAdI haiM aura dUsarI yaha ki kalAkAra ke rUpa meM ve zrAdarzavAdI haiM / apanI asAdhAraNa bhAvukatA ke dvArA ve sAmAjika jIvana kA nirantara pariSkAra karane kI dizA meM apanI lekhanI kA vyavahAra kara rahe haiM aura vizeSakara nArI samAja ke prati unakI dRSTi atyanta udAra hai| nArI ke prati isa mahAn sadbhAvanA ke kAraNa hI jainendrajI ke upanyAsoM kI nAriyA~, ve cAhe jaisA bhI sAmAjika vyavahAra kareM, sadaiva udAtta hI banI rahatI haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki isI kAraNa jainendrajI ke citraraNoM meM nArI kI parakha usakI sAmAjika sthiti yA zrAcaraNa se nahIM hotI, vaha sampUrNa vyAvahArikatA ke pare hai aura sadaiva anupama garimA se maMDita hai; kintu ye donoM hI bAteM susaMgata nahIM jAna par3atIM / gA~dhIjI apane dArzanika siddhAntoM meM jitane bar3e AdarzavAdI aura adhyAtmavAdI the, apane sAmAjika maMtavyoM meM utane hI kaThora sAdhanA- priya aura nItivAn rahe haiM / unakI sAmAjika nItiyoM aura grAcaraNoM para bhAvukatA kI chAyA nahIM thI / halkI bhAvukatA se ve kosoM dUra the / jainendra kI racanAoMoM meM jina nAriyoM ke darzana hameM hote haiM, ve gA~dhIjI kI nArI - kalpanA se nitAnta bhinna haiM / racanA ke kSetra meM jainendra na to gA~dhIvAdI haiM aura na AdarzavAdI haiM / ve aikAntika, bhAvuka aura kalpanA-jIvI lekhaka haiM, jo vAstavikatA ke prakAza meM ghUmila dikhAI dete haiM /

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zrImatI rajanI panikara jainendra kA dvirAgamana dasa varSoM ke dIrgha abhaMga sAhityika mauna ke bAda, jainendra kA sahasA itanA mukhara ho uThanA ki 'sukhadA' kI sImA meM hI na raha kara 'vivartta' kA bhI vidhAna kara DAleM, mujhe hindI kathA-sAhitya kI hI nahIM, bhArata ke kathA sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA jAna par3I aura isa ghaTanA ko maiM 'dvirAgamana' kI taraha sArthaka vizeSatva aura rasamayatA se yukta mAnatI hUM / upanyAsa kA lekhana bhI aupanyAsika ghaTanA ho sakatA hai, yaha kahanA ho to maiM jainendra ke isa mauna bhaMga kA hI udAharaNa dU~gI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa rASTrabhASA ko do nUtana aura uttama racanAe~ prApta huI / yadyapi jainendra sadA yaha asvIkAra karate rahe haiM ki ve kahAnI kI TekanIka ke marmajJa haiM aura kalA-koTi kI kisI vastu kA vidhAna karate hue kisI vizeSa kauzalakA anuvarttana bhI nahIM karate, tathApi unake samIkSakoM ne eka svara se unheM kalA-kuzala zrI TekanIka kA marmaja kahA hai / jainendra ise apane prati abhiyoga hI samajhate haiM / saca jo bhI ho, para yaha jhUTha nahIM ki 'sukhadA' aura 'vivartta' unakI kalA- paTutA aura TekanIka-marmajJatA ke utkRSTa udAharaNa hai / jainendra ne apane sAhitya meM sAmAnya kA aMkana virala hI kiyA hai / vastutaH yaha bhAvuka, parantu bauddhika kalAkAra karmaloka se adhika manoloka ke rahasyoM kA jJAtA hai / jahA~ karma kA bAhya ghaTATopa bhI inakI racanAoM meM rahA hai, vahAM bhI usa sthUlatA meM mana kI sUkSmatA abhaMga rahI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ne sadA asAmAnya kI sRSTi kI / ve lIka chor3a kara cale / unhoMne loka se adhika svayaM ko diyA / phalataH unakI kalA meM vyaktitva kI pradhAnatA sarvopari hai, isI vyaktitva ne unakI zailI ko apratimatA dI / jainendra ke zabda, unakI vAkya racanA, unakA kathA- vidhAna apane Apa meM anupama hai aura isameM sandeha nahIM ki sAhityika kRtiyoM kI apAra bhIr3a meM bhI jainendra kI racanAe~ sahaja hI pahacAna lI jAya~gI / unakA svara nirAlA aura nirbhrAnta hai / jainendra ke ina donoM navIna upanyAso meM vaha nirAlApana aura nirbhrAntatA pUrNataH surakSita hai / 'sukhadA' ko hI pahale leM / 'kalyANI', 'sunItA' aura 'sukhadA' meM mujhe eka vikasita paramparA milI hai / kalyANI eka vivaza vyaktitva hai, sunItA eka dRr3ha vya( 60 )

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jainendra kA dvirAgamana ktitva hai, sUkhadA donoM kI vivazatA aura dRDhatA le kara janmI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki 'kalyANI' hamAre yuga kI nArI ke jitane nikaTa pA sakegI, utanI 'sunItA' nhiiN| 'sakhadA' paristhitiyoM kI asAmAnyatA ke kAraNa svayaM asAmAnya cAritrika sRSTi ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AI hai, para asAmAnyatA ke isa chala kA bedhana karake dekheM to usakA mana unhIM tattvoM se banA hai jinase Aja kI nArI kA, jo mahAtvAkAMkSI hai, puruSa se spardhA karatI hai, spardhA meM dRr3ha hai para prAkRtika sImAoM ke kAraNa vivaza bhii| 'sukhadA' kI racanA eka puruSa kalAkAra itanI sacAI aura svAbhAvikatA se kara sakA hai, isa bAta kA acaraja mujhe aba bhI hai, jaise svayaM jainendra isa upanyAsa kI racanA karate samaya strI ke antastala meM paiMTha gaye the / aisA ekAtmabhAva kalAkAra apane caritra se sthApita na kara pAtA to 'sukhadA' ke pAThaka sukhadA jaisI nAyikA para dhikkAra kI varSA hI karate / para acaraja to isa bAta kA hai ki apane ghara kI sImAoM ko bhaMga karake jIvana kI holI khelane vAlI isa nArI ke sAtha anta taka pAThaka kI nirmala sahAnubhUti banI rahatI hai aura usakI pIr3A meM vaha pIr3ita huye binA nahIM rhtaa| isa upanyAsa kA anta jahA~ kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta upayukta hai, vahA~ pAThaka ke usa mana kI dRSTi se jo sukhadA ke sAtha pisa rahA hai, atyanta nirmama bhii| jainendra kI isa nirmama kalA kA meM svAgata karane ko bAdhya huuN| 'sukhadA' upanyAsa ke sabhI caritra asAmAnya aura vyaktitvapUrNa haiM / maiM unakA caritra-citraNa na karake upanyAsa ke usa vaiziSTya kA prakAzana karanA cAhatI hU~, jisane jainendra kI isa racanA ko samagra bauddhikatA aura vAda-vidhAna meM bhI caritra-pradhAna hI banAye rakhA / yahI bAta 'vivarta' ke viSaya meM kahI jA sakatI hai| vivarta' kA jitena sukhadA kA rUpAntara hI hai---kucha paristhitiyoM ke parivartana aura strI-puruSa ke prAkRtika antara ke sAtha / jahA~ 'sukhadA' meM pracchanna rUpa se ghara aura bAhara kI samasyA lekhaka ne samAdhAna ke sahita prastuta kI hai, vahA~ 'vivarta' meM bhI / sukhadA ghara se bAhara kI ora daur3a rahI hai aura vivarta' kA jitena bAhara ko ghara meM praviSTa karake ghara kI sukha sImA meM vizva kI vyAkulatA bhara detA hai| sukhadA kahIM apane se hArI huI hai; ThIka usI taraha jitena bhI apane se parAsta haiM / zAyada ye sukhadA aura jitena hamArI sabhyatA ke hI nirmANa haiM, jinakI sahRdayatApUrNa viDambanA ke dvArA lekhaka ne usa sabhyatA kI bhI va.lAtmaka DhaMga se viDambanA kI hai, jisameM prAtmahanana, Atma-vaMcanA aura Atma-pIr3ana parAkASTA ko pahu~ca rahA hai; aisI parAkASThA jisameM, bhrama satya ko bhI bhrama banA rahA hai / saca to yaha hai ki jainendra kA lekhana pAThaka kI manaHprIti se adhika usake bauddhika uttejana ke saMkalpa se saMyata hai / para kalA vaha hai jahA~ buddhi hRdaya kA Agraha

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62 jainendra : vyaktitva zraura kRtitvaM bana kara prakaTa hotI hai / jainendra kI ina kRtiyoM meM nizcaya hI buddhivAda ko bhAvAtmaka buddhivAda kahanA adhika rucatA hai aura gA~dhIvAda kI bauddhikatA se usakA anyatama sAmya hai | itanA hI nahIM / ina donoM racanAoM meM gA~dhIvAdI darzana kA avyAhata kauzala se sampoSaraNa kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH lekhaka do pRthak vRttiyoM kA saMgharSa aura pariNAma dikhAnA cAhatA hai / eka vRtti hai hiMsA kI aura dUsarI hai ahiMsA kI / hiMsA ghRNA, vaira aura vidveSa kI poSaka hai; aura ahiMsA kSamA, pyAra aura manuSyatA kI poSaka hai / hiMsA meM badale kI bhAvanA baddhamUla rahatI hai aura usake racanAtmaka saMkalpa bhI vidhvaMsa kI zailI ke hote haiM / para hiMsA to paratAr3ana meM nahIM, Atma-tAr3ana me vizvAsa rakhatI hai / isIliye badale kA vahA~ sthAna hI nahIM / ahiMsA meM jahA~ haThAt vinAza kA praveza bhI ho jAtA hai, vahA~ bhI sundara nava-nirmAraNa kA udaya hotA hai / jainendra yantra-yuga kI isa AsurI sabhyatA ko, jo aNubama aura hAIDrojana bama ke parAkramoM meM bhUlI hai aura narasaMhAra jisake liye bAla-kautuka bhara hai, se hiMsA kI ra hI unmukha karanA cAhate haiN| unhoMne 'sukhadA' aura 'vivartta' donoM upanyAsoM meM jIvana ke saMkSepa ko lekara aise udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, jinase sahaja hI jAnA jA sakatA hai ki jIvana kA sukha vidhAna kahA~ hai ? kalyANa kA mArga kauna-sA hai ? isameM sandeha nahIM ki jainendra kI mUla vicAradhArA sarvatra eka hai / isase usake AvaraNa meM bhI sthUla sAdRzya parilakSita hotA hai / Azaya yahI hai ki 'sunItA' se lekara 'vivartta' taka unake upanyAsoM meM krAntikArI caritroM kA samAveza eka anivAryasA jAna par3atA hai / jainendra siddha kathAkAra haiM / ve jo kahanA cAhate haiM, use prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kahane ko kSamatA rakhate haiM / maiM ina donoM upanyAsoM kA utanA hI svAgata karatI hU~ aura vizvAsa rakhatI hU~ ki jahA~ sAmAnya pAThaka inameM sampUrNa kathArasa aura manoraMjakatA prApta karegA vahA~ vicArazIla bauddhika pAThaka inameM hRdaya ke sAtha-sAtha buddhi ko bhI ramA sakegA / hamAre yuga meM kathA - sAhitya ko vizva - samasyAoM ke sulajhAne kA bhAra apane Upara lenA hai / jainendra kI ina donoM racanAtroM ne apanA karttavya bar3e sundara DhaMga se nibhAyA, isameM koI sandeha nahIM / kyA hI acchA ho, yadi jainendra kI yaha sAhityika mukharatA aba mauna se vimukha hI rahe /

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zrI pRthvInAtha zarmA jainendra ke svataMtratA-pUrva ke upanyAsa bAta deza ke baMTavAre se pahale kI hai / maiM lAhora reDiyo sTezana para eka vArtA kahane gayA thaa| vahIM urdU ke eka prasiddha afasAnA-navIsa se bheMTa ho gii| sAhityika carcA calate-calAte jainendra kumAra taka pahu~ca gaI / una urdU-lekhaka kI rAya meM hamane jainendra ko yUM hI U~ce uThAyA huA thaa| unakI kRtiyoM meM TekanIka kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa ve bar3hiyA nahIM kahI jA sakatIM aura kiMcit daMbha pradarzita karate hue unhoMne kahA ki ve hindI ke kSetra meM Ane kI soca rahe the tAki jainendra ko Expose kara sakeM / maiMne unase yaha nivedana kiyA ki ve avazya hiMdI-kSetra meM prAyeM, hama unakA svAgata kareMge, kiMtu jisa bhAvanA se prerita hokara ve pAnA cAhate haiM use ve yadi tyAga sakeM to ThIka rahegA, kyoMki jainendra eka svAbhAvika kathAkAra haiM jo ki kisI bhI TekanIka ke muhatAja nahIM / isalie unake bigAr3e jainendra kA kucha bhI bigaDa na skegaa| urdU ke ve adIba kucha hI kAla ke bAda sacamuca hiMdI meM Ae aura Aja bhI unakI racanAe~ hiMdI meM nikala rahI haiM / para ve hiMdI-sAhitya meM kahIM paha~ca nahIM pAe / thor3I-bahuta khyAti jo unheM milI hai vaha urdU kA lekhaka hone ke nAte hii| aura idhara jainendra kumAra jo Aja apane ko kahAnI lekhaka bhI nahIM mAnate, aba bhI hamAre sAhitya meM eka alaga sthAna rakhate haiN| ve kevala apane svatantratA-pUrva ke upanyAsoM ke bala para hI hiMdI kathA-sAhitya meM eka uccAsana ke adhikArI raheMge, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / __ jainendrajI kA pahalA upanyAsa 'tapobhUmi' thA, para cUMki use unhoMne zrI RSabhacaraNa jaina ke sAtha milakara likhA thA, isalie usakA ullekha vizeSa Avazyaka nahIM / unakA dUsarA upanyAsa thA 'parakha' / yaha upanyAsa samAlocakoM kI naz2aroM se U~cA a~cA / yaha to mAnanA hI par3egA ki kucha aparipakvatA hone ke atirikta bhI yaha upanyAsa hiMdI meM eka naI cIz2a thI / kahAnI meM to vahI purAnA prema kA trikoNa thA, para kahane ke DhaMga meM, caritra-citraNa meM maulikatA thii| kaTTo ke caritra-citraNa meM lekhaka saphala hue haiM / usa apar3ha lar3akI ke tyAga aura AtmAbhimAna kI kahAnI khUba utarI hai| vaha apane tyAga ke bala se khuda hI nahIM bacatI, balki apane premI satyadhana ko bhI girane se bacAtI hai / ( 63 )

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva parakha' ke bAda jainendra jI kI 'sunItA' nikalI, para use par3hakara nirAzA huii| zAyada lekhaka 'parakha' meM khIMcI huI lakIroM se Age na bar3ha sakegA, yaha Dara hone lgaa| lekina inake 'tyAga-patra' ne Dara nirmUla siddha kara diyaa| isa meM ve 'parakha' se U~ce uTha gae haiN| viSaya aura kathAnaka to usakA bhI purAnA hai, para vicAra bilkula nae the aura unheM aAdhunika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA thA / lekhaka ne na to upadezaka kA Asana liyA hai aura na jaja kI hI kurasI saMbhAlI hai, kiMtu unhoMne bahuta hI ImAnadArI se hamAre samAja kI vyavasthA ke eka aMga kA jItA-jAgatA citra khIMca kara rakha diyA hai / isa upanyAsa meM jainendra jI ne mRNAla nAma kI eka yuvatI ke prema kI, vivAha kI, aura patana kI kahAnI kahI hai / upanyAsa me caritra-citraNa khUba huA hai aura usakI mRNAla to Aja bhI hiMdI meM apane DhaMga kI eka hI hai| itane bar3e ucca kula meM janma lekara vaha itanA nIce girI ki eka koyalA becane vAle banie ke sAtha cala dii| lekina itanA bhArI patana ho jAne para bhI usakI AtmA kI U~cAI aura nirmalatA meM jarA bhI antara nahIM pdd'aa| bar3I se bar3I vipatti jhelane para bhI usane ufa taka na kI / para lekhaka ne eka bAta meM mRNAla ke sAtha jabaradastI kI hai| unheM usake zarIra kI itanI durdazA na karavAnI cAhie thii| itanI bar3I AtmA kA patana itanA bhaddA nahIM ho sktaa| premacaMda kI sumana bhI to girI thI para eka zAna se / khaira, kucha bhI ho tyAga-patra meM jainendra jI ne eka nayA prAdarza rakhA aura yaha upanyAsa likha kara unhoMne apanA hI nahIM hiMdI kA bhI mAna bddh'aayaa|| 'tyAga-patra' ke anantara unakA upanyAsa 'kalyANI' nikalA / yaha upanyAsa eka zikSita mahilA ke dila ke dvaMdva kI karuNa kahAnI hai, jo saMskRtiyoM ke saMgharSa kI vajaha se do AdarzoM meM pisa rahI thii| kalyANI vilAyata pAsa leDI DaoNkTara thii| usakI mA~ga kevala itanI thI ki yA to use pUrNa rUpa se gRhiNI banA kara rakkhA jAya, yA DaoNkTara banane kI pUrI AjAdI dI jaay| donoM kAma usase na ho skeNge| donoM kAma karate hue bhAratIya nArI ke pativrata dharma kA pAlana karane kA jo Adarza rakhA gayA hai, use vaha nibhA na sakegI / usake pati cAhate the donoM bAteM / DaoNkTarI rupae ke lie aura gRhiNI barasoM se dila meM ghara kie saMskAroM kI zAMti ke lie| pahalI bAta ke lie ve anunaya-vinaya karate the aura dUsarI bAta ke lie kalyANI ko majabUra / isalie pati-patnI meM bahudhA jhagar3A ho jAyA karatA thA aura naubata mAra-pITa taka bhI pahu~ca jAtI thii| pati kI kauna kahe, kiMtu kalyANI ke bhAvuka mana kI becainI to dima-dina bar3hatI jA rahI thI / vaha kavitA bhI karatI thI na ! pati samajhAte-bujhAte, mitra loga DhADhasa dete,

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jainendra ke svataMtratA bAda ke upanyAsa bujhAte, mitra loga DhADhasa dete, para vaha saMbhala na pAtI / zAyada saMbhala sakatI hI na thI aura pati ke sAtha rahakara use zAMti ma thii| Upara se muskarAne-ha~sane para bhI usake dila kA darda jAgrata rahatA / kucha hI dinoM ke bAda bAta yahA~ taka bar3ha gaI ki use aise lagane lagA ki vaha adhika samaya taka na jiyegii| use jInA hI na caahie| kiMtu eka aura prANI kA jIvana usameM samAyA huA thaa| isalie vaha usake Ane kI rAha dekhane lagI aura ThIka jisa dina usake lar3akA huA, vaha usa pAra ho gii| isa kahAnI ko jainendra jI ne apanI anupama zailI meM eka vakIla dvArA kahalavAyA hai jo kalyANI aura usake pati ke bahuta bar3e mitra the / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki kalyANI jaisI susaMskRta aura komala hRdaya nArI kI tasvIra khIMcane ke lie jisa sahAnubhUti kI AvazyakatA thI, lekhaka usI ko kAma meM lAe haiM / pati kI bAta kahane meM bhI lekhaka sAhityika kasauTI para pUre utarate haiM / 'kalyANI' kalA kI eka bar3hiyA cIz2a hai, yaha to mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| hA~, kahI-kahIM lekhaka apanI dArzanikatA meM AvazyakatA se adhika ulajha gae haiM, jisase pAThaka ke Ubane kA bhaya hai, kiMtu jainendra jI ke liye yaha saba kucha chor3a denA saMbhava nhiiN| isalie unakI kalA kA rasAsvAdana karane vAloM ko itanA to sahanA hI hogaa| aura, prAja to ve kathA-sAhitya se hI vimukha ho gae haiN| pUrNa rUpeNa dArzanikoM aura vicArakoM kI paMkti meM jA baiThe haiM / isalie kathA-kSetra meM jo kucha bhI hameM unase mila cukA hai, praba usI para saMtoSa karanA hogaa|

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DAkTara pratApanArAyaNa TaMDana jainendra ke upanyAsa-sAhitya meM zilpa-rUpa jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM kathA-zilpa ke jo rUpa milate hai, unameM eka vicitra prakAra kI samarUpatA vidyamAna hai / bAhya rUpa se dekhane para unakA saMyojana aisA pratIta hotA hai, jaise ve paryApta bhinnatA liye huye hoM, paraMtu yathArtha meM vaisA nahIM hai / jainendra ke kathA-zilpa kA yahI AkarSaNa unake upanyAsoM kI pramukha vizeSatAoM meM se eka hai| paraMtu isa kathana kA tAtparya yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki jainendra ke sabhI upanyAsa kathAtmaka saMgaThana kI dRSTi se bahuta adhika praur3hatA liye huye haiM, athavA unameM koI asAdhAraNa tatva nihita hai / vAstava meM jainendra ke upanyAsoM kA mahattva aura khyAti kevala do kAraNoM se hI mukhyataH hai / eka to kathA zilpa ke navIna aura AkarSaka rUpoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa aura dUsare upanyAsa meM kucha anya tattvoM ke samAveza ke kAraNa, jinameM manovizleSaNAtmaka tatva mukhya haiM / isa nibaMdha meM hama kevala prathama kI hI carcA kareMge, arthAt jainendra ke vividha upanyAsoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha dekheMge ki uname zilpa-rUpa kI dRSTi se kyA navInatA milatI hai / san 1926 meM prakAzita jainendra ke sarvaprathama upanyAsa 'parakha' kI kathA kA prAdhAra yadyapi satyadhana, kaTTo, bihArI aura garimA nAmaka pAtra -pAtriyAM hai aura inase yaha AbhAsa hotA hai ki kathA kA vikAsa caturkoNAtmaka rUpa se ho rahA hai, paraMtu yathArtha meM vaisA nahIM hotA / isameM eka hI mukhya kathA hai / upanyAsa ke sabhI pradhAna pAtroM kA saMbaMdha isI mukhya kathA se hai aura ve sabhI usakI gati ko prabhAvita karate aura svayaM bhI usI se paricAlita hote haiM / apradhAna kathA sUtroM kI isameM yathAsaMbhava upekSA kI gayI hai, paraMtu isameM kisI asAmAnya zilpa rUpa ke DhAMce para kathAnaka kA nirmANa nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ taka ki dvitIya-koTi ke pAtroM meM vipina, bhagavaddayAla aura unakI patnI Adi jo haiM, ve adhika arthapUrNa nahIM lagate / kathA ke kisI gaMbhIra ulajhAva se unakA gaharA saMbaMdha nahIM mAlUma hotA / mukhya pAtra adhikAMzataH Atma kendrita haiM, isaliye kathA kA vikAsa prAyaH vaiyaktika rUpa meM hI hotA hai / lekhaka ne svayaM bhI likhA hai--' maiMne jagaha-jagaha para kahAnI ke tAra kI kar3iyA~ tor3a dI haiM / vahA~ pAThaka ko thor3A kUdanA par3atA hai aura maiM samajhatA hU~, pATaka ke liye yaha thor3A pAyAsa vAMchanIya hotA hai, acchA lagatA hai. kahIM eka sAdhAraNa bhAva

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67 jainendra ke upanyAsa - sAhitya meM zilpa rUpa ko varNana se phulA diyA gayA hai, kahIM lambA-sA rikta chor3a diyA hai, kahIM bArIkI se kAma liyA hai, kahIM lAparavAhI se, kahIM halkI dhImI kalama se kAma liyA hai, kahIM tIkSNa aura bhAgatI bhASA se...|" "parakha" kA nAyaka satyadhana pahale apanI bAla vidhavA kaTTo nAma kI eka ziSyA ke prati gaharAI se AkarSaNa kA anubhava karane ke pazcAt apane mitra bihArI ke parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM se suparicita ho jAtA hai / bhagavaddayAla usakA vivAha garimA se karanA cAhate haiM / bihArI kI bhI isameM sahamati hotI hai, paraMtu satyadhana svayaM isa viSaya meM anizcita rahatA hai / apanI bAla paricita kaTTo ke prati sneha kI bhAvanA use duvidhA meM DAle rahatI hai| bihArI ko yaha sthiti mAlUma hotI hai aura kaTTo bhI paristhiti ko samajhatI hai / vaha satyadhana kA vivAha garimA se ho jAne detI hai / phira bihArI aura kaTTo bhI paraspara AkarSaNa ke pazcAt eka prakAra kA AdarzavAdI samajhautA kara lete haiM / isa prakAra se ina logoM ke saMbaMdhoM kI jo parigati isa upanyAsa ke anta meM dikhAI detI hai, vaha usa jIvana-darzana kA spaSTa rUpa prastuta karatI hai, jo lekhaka kramazaH nirmita karatA rahA hai / uparyukta kathana kI satyatA aura sArthakatA kA pramANa lekhaka kI dUsarI aupanyAsika kRti 'sunItA' hai / 'parakha' se isameM dRSTikoraNagata tathA prastutIkaraNa gata paryApta sAmya milatA hai / isa upanyAsa meM bhI trikoNAtmaka rUpa se kathA kA vikAsa huA hai / isa upanyAsa meM tIna caritra - sunItA, hariprasanna tathA zrIkAMta pradhAna haiM / ghaTanA tattvoM kI bahulatA na hote huye bhI isa upanyAsa ke pAtroM kA cAritrika khiMcAva hI kathA ko vikAsa kI ora agrasara karatA hai tathA usameM naye sUtroM ko upajAtA hai / isa prakAra se isa upanyAsa ke kathAnaka kA mUla AdhAra inhIM tIna pradhAna pAtroM ke trikoNAtmaka caritra hI haiM aura kathA ke nirdezaka sUtra bhI pAtroM kI pravRtti ke prAdhAra sUtra hI haiM / sunItA' kI kathA kA AraMbha hI eka aise dampati kI paristhiti ke upasthitIkaraNa se hotA hai, jinake caritra rahasyAtmaka sUtroM se nirdiSTa hote haiM / sunItA ra zrIkAMta kA vivAha huye tIna varSa vyatIta ho cuke haiM, paraMtu ve abhI taka nisaMtAna hai / unake jIvana meM kabhI-kabhI nIrasatA kI pratIti kA yahI kAraNa hai / yaha paristhiti kathAnaka kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM lekhaka ne prastuta kI hai, kyoMki kathA kA jo vikAsa Age huA hai, usake saMdarbha meM yaha vizeSa artha rakhatI hai / zrIkAMta bahudhA apane mitra hariprasanna kA smaraNa aura carcA karatA hai / vaha use purAne pate para patra bhI likhatA hai, jo lauTa AtA hai / eka bAra vaha use prayAga meM dUra se dekhatA bhI hai, paraMtu bhIr3a ke kAraNa usase mila nahIM pAtA / isa prakAra ke saMketa unake saMbaMdhoM ke viSaya meM kautUhala jAgrata karate haiN| bAda meM kathAnaka meM kAphI nATakIyatA ke samA

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68 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva veza ke bAda donoM mitroM kI dillI meM bheMTa ho jAtI hai / vaha use ghara le AtA hai / hariprasanna sunItA se paricita hotA hai aura pati-patnI kA citra bhI banAtA hai / zrIkAnta use bA~dha kara rakhanA cAhatA hai aura sunItA ko bhI apanA uddezya batA detA hai / eka bAra zrIkAMta ke bAhara jAne para hariprasanna sunItA ke pAsa AtA hai aura apane dala ke krAMtikArI yuvakoM kA netRtva karane kI prArthanA karatA hai / bAda meM kathAnaka meM kucha asAdhAraNa mor3a Ate haiM aura unake phalasvarUpa nArI caritra kI vividha kendrIya pratikriyAtmaka saMbhAvanAoM ke sUcana ke saMketa milate haiM / anta meM kathA meM eka prakAra kI zithilatA-sI grA jAtI hai aura usI anizcayatA meM usakA aMta ho jAtA hai / kathAnaka kI nATakIyatA aura kahIM-kahIM TapaTApana hI use eka AkarSaraNa detA hai | jainendra ke prAraMbhika upanyAsoM meM kathAnaka ke zilpa rUpoM meM prayogAtmaka tathA navInatA kI dRSTi se " tyAgapatra " kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / isa upanyAsa meM vividha sthaloM para jIvana kI mArmika, sahaja aura tIvra anubhUtiyoM kI vedanA abhivyakti milatI hai| hiMdI ke grAtmakathAtmaka zailI meM likhe gaye upanyAsoM meM yaha kRti anyatama hai / isIliye kalAtmaka utkRSTatA ke sAtha-sAtha isa upanyAsa kA mahattva zilpa ke navIna prayoga kI dRSTi se bhI hai / isa upanyAsa kI mukhya pAtrI mRNAla nAmaka abhAginI yuvatI hai, jisake karuraNa jIvana kI gAthA kA vargAna pramoda nAma ke usake bhatIje ne kiyA hai / vaha apane bhaviSya ke sunahare sapane dekhane vAlI eka zikSita yuvatI hai| apanI sahelI zIlA ke bhAI se vaha prema bhI karatI hai / zrAge cala kara paristhiti gaMbhIra ho jAtI hai, kyoMki usake gharavAloM ko isa prema vyApAra kA patA cala jAtA hai aura ye usakA vivAha turaMta dUsare vyakti se kara dete haiM / sarala hRdaya mRNAla apane pati se prapaMca nahIM kara pAtI aura duzcaritra samajhI jAkara eka koyale vAle ke sAtha rahane ko bAdhya hotI hai / pramoda kI sahAyatA vaha sadaiva asvIkRta kara detI hai / vaha svArthavaza ise hI mAna letA hai aura unnati karake eka jaja ke pratiSThita pada para pahu~ca jAtA hai / phira vaha prAyazcita ke rUpa meM apane pada se tyAgapatra de detA hai aura kathA kA aMta hotA hai / isa prakAra se kathA ke aMtima bhAga ko upanyAsa ke AraMbha meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo kAlagata vizeSatAoM kI dRSTi se hiMdI upanyAsa ke kSetra meM eka abhinava prayoga thA / isa sAmAnya aMtima kathAMza ko AraMbha meM prastuta karane ke pazcAt phira vAstavika kathA kA AraMbha huA hai / kathA kI samApti para phira aMtima bhAga prAraMbhika kathA se sambaddha kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra se isa upanyAsa se eka nayI zilpa paramparA kA AraMbha hotA hai / yahA~ para isa tathya kA ullekha karanA bhI asaMgata na hogA ki aneka paravartI upanyAsakAroM ne isI zilpa

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jainendra ke upanyAsa-sAhitya meM zilpa rUpa rUpa ko AdhAra banA kara aneka aupanyAsika kRtiyoM kI racanA kI, jo isakI vyApaka saMbhAvanAoM ke dyotaka haiN| san 1936 meM "kalyANI" kA prakAzana huA / yaha upanyAga bhI "tyAgapatra" kI hI bhAMti aAtmakathAtmaka zailI meM likhA gayA hai, parantu yaha upanyAsa bhI isa prakAra kI zailI meM likhe gaye sAmAnya upanyAsoM kI apekSA kucha bhinnatA rakhatA hai| sAdhAraNata: isa zailI meM jo upanyAsa likhe jAte haiM, unameM kathA ke pradhAna athavA kisI atyaMta mahattvapUrNa pAtra kI ora se hI kathA kA saMpUrNa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, parantu isa upanyAsa kI kathA kA prastutakartA eka gauNa pAtra hai| upanyAsa kI pradhAna pAtrI zrImatI asarAnI haiN| unhIM ke nAma para upanyAsa kA nAmakaraNa bhI huA hai / kathA ke prastutakartA ne apane kucha paricitoM kI jIvana-gAthA ke rUpa meM raha kahAnI sAmane rakhI hai| cUMki vaha svayaM kathAnaka meM pradhAnatA nahIM rakhatA, isaliye apanA dRSTikoNa bhI vaha adhikAMzataH taTastha rakhane kA prayatna karatA hai / isI kAraNa kathAnaka ke vikAsa-cakra meM kahIM-kahIM kucha aise aMza A gaye haiM, jo usake pravAha kI gati-bhaMga kara dete haiM / kalyANI mahattvAkAMkSiraNI hai aura apane vidyArthI-jovana meM iMglaiMDa meM eka aise yuvaka se praNaya kara baiThI thI, jo aba eka prasiddha netA aura prImiyara thA / bhArata lauTane para vaha saMbhavataH usI se vivAha bhI karatA, parantu DA0 asarAnI nAmaka eka vyakti kI dhUrtatA ke kAraNa vaisA nahIM ho pAtA / kalyANI vivazatA anubhava karake DA0 asarAnI se hI vivAha kara letI hai / aba vaha pati kI nIcatA kA sahI paricaya pAtI hai / vaha unheM isa sImA taka nIca dekhatI hai ki vyavasAya lAbha ke liye apane nArItva kI bhI bAjI lagA dene kI bAta unakI ora se prastAvita pAtI hai| vaha eka vicitra mAnasika saMgharSa kI sthiti meM rahatI hai / isa prakAra se usakA caritra rahasyamayatA aura nATakIyatA se prAvRtta pratIta hotA hai / isa upanyAsa kI yaha rahasyamayatA aura nATakIyatA jainendra ke lagabhaga sabhI upanyAsoM se milatI-julatI hai, parantu kalyANI kA cetanA aura antara paristhiti se vidroha karatA hai / isa saMgharSa meM use apanA balidAna karanA par3atA hai / isaliye yaha upanyAsa zilpa-rUpa kI dRSTi se isa kAraNa se bhI viziSTatA rakhatA hai ki isameM apradhAna pAtra ke mAdhyama se bhI pradhAna pAtrI kI jIvana-gAthA kA itane pratyakSa aura prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM varNita kiyA jA sakanA saMbhava ho skaa| "sukhadA' upanyAsa kA kathAnaka ghaTanAoM ke vaividhya ke bojha se AkrAnta hai| sakhadA nAmaka upanyAsa kI kathA kA vyAvahArika rUpa se prArambha usake svayaM apanI kahAnI likhane se hotA hai / paitIsa varSa kI Ayu taka pahu~cI huI sukhadA apane Apako aba khokhalA-sA anubhava karatI hai, vaha sabhI ora se nirAza aura TI huI hai, apane

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70 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva pati kI spaSTa aura nivirodha svIkRtiyA~ usameM saMgharSa utpanna karatI haiM / vaha eka vicitra sthiti meM par3akara apane jIvana kI gAr3I ko kisI prakAra se Age DhakelatI huI pratIta hotI hai / isa prakAra se kathA kA prArambha hI itanI gatihInatA aura zithilatA ke sAtha hotA hai ki usakI bhAvI saMbhAvanAyeM bahuta adhika vizvasanIya nahIM raha jAtI, kathA ke sUtra aba phailate haiM, parantu unameM koI tanAva nahIM pratIta hotA / eka putra ke janma kI sUcanA bhI prAsaMgika rUpa se kI jAtI hai| kathA meM khiMcAva usa samaya se utpanna hotA hai, jaba eka krAMtikArI yuvaka vahA~ naukarI karane AtA hai aura. bAda meM patA calatA hai ki vaha giraphtAra ho gayA hai / yoM yaha ghaTanA adhika mahattva kI nahIM hai, parantu kathA meM mor3a aura gatizIlatA lAne kI dRSTi se isakA mahattva bahuta adhika hai / aba sukhadA svayaM bhI krAnti ke kSetra meM praviSTa hotI hai| harIza aura lAla Adi pAtroM kA kathA meM praveza hotA hai| ye pAtra atyanta nATakIyatA kA vyavahAra pradarzita karate haiM / sukhadA lAla kI ora AkarSita hotI hai aura aneka nATakIya mor3oM ke bAda vaha pati ko tyAga kara aspatAla meM jAkara bharatI ho jAtI hai, isa prakAra se zilpa rUpa kI dRSTi se yaha eka navIna prayoga avazya hai, parantu kathA kI asthiratA aura zithilatA isake prArambha aura aMta meM samAna rUpa se vidyamAna haiM, jo kisI sImA taka isa kRti kI azakti kA kAraNa bhI hai| "vivartta'' ke kathAnaka kA kendra jitena nAmaka pAtra kA jIvana hai, usakI sAmAnya pArivArika sthiti ke paricaya se isa upanyAsa kI kathA kA vyAvahArika rUpa meM prArambha hotA hai, usakI asAdhAraNa prasiddhi Adi batA kara lekhaka kathA vikAsa kA bhAvI mAgaM kholatA hai / bhavanamohinI ke kathAnaka meM praveza se usa meM gati aAtI hai, parantu isa mUtra kI sambhAvanAmoM kA taba anta ho jAtA hai-jaba bhuvanamohinI jitena se vivAha na karake narezacandra kI patnI bana jAtI hai / jitena kA asaphala prema use krAntikArI dala meM sammilita ho jAne kI preraNA detA hai / cAra varSa ke bAda jitena kA pAnA, zaraNa pAnA, bhuvanamohinI ke gahane curA kara bhAganA, usake dala vAloM kA bhuvanamohinI ko pakar3a le jAnA, jitena kA pulisa ko samapaNa, Adi ghaTanAyeM kramazaH ghaTita hotI haiM / kathAnaka kA anta bhI inhIM vividha ghaTanAoM ke jAla meM baMdha kara aAkasmika rUpa se hotA hai| 'vyatIta' kA nAyaka kavi jayaMta hai| vaha apane jIvana kI praur3hAvasthA ko pahu~ca kara apane Apako kucha TUTA-sA anubhava karatA hai, anitA usake prati prema-bhAva rakhatI hai, parantu usakA vivAha purI se ho gayA hai / jayaMta jIvana se virakta hokara kisI prakAra dina gujAratA rahatA hai / vaha pacahattara rupaye kI eka naukarI bhI kara letA hai| pitA kI isI bIca mRtyu ho jAne para use jo rupayA milatA hai, vaha bhI vaha apanI bar3I bahina ko de detA hai / jayaMta ke mAlika ko patA calatA hai ki usakA sambandha purI se hai, to

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jainendra ke upanyAsa - sAhitya meM zilpa-rUpa 71 vaha isase lAbha uThAne ke uddezya se apanI putrI ko usake saMparka meM lAtA hai / vaha bhI jayaMta ke sAhacarya kI kAmanA karane lagatI hai / kumAra cAhatA hai ki caMdrI kA vivAha jayaMta meM ho jAya / jayanta isameM asamarthatA prakaTa karatA hai aura punaH anitA ke pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai / vaha yaha bhI nizcaya karatA hai ki yuddha meM jAkara prAraNa de dUMgA | bIca meM kucha aisI paristhitiyA~ upajatI haiM ki vaha caMdrI se vivAha kara letA hai, isake Age kI kathA ubhI huI hai / jayanta, granitA, caMdrI, purI tathA kapilA Adi pAtra - pAtriyA~ kaThaputalI kI bhA~ti vyavahAra karate haiM aura kathAnaka kI gati kramazaH ruddha hokara samApta ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra se isa upanyAsa ke kathAnaka meM bhI gatihInatA ke kAraNa prabhAvAtmakatA nahIM yA sakI hai aura na hI koI navIna zilpa rUpa hI nirmita ho sakA hai| "jayavardhana" kI kathA meM eka amerikana patrakAra vilavara hUsTana kI 21 pharavarI 2007 se lekara 10 apraila 2007 ke bIca me likhI gayI DAyarI ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / kathAtmaka zilpa kI dRSTi se yaha upanyAsa lekhaka ke pUrvavatI upanyAsoM se paryApta bhinnatA rakhatA hai / isa kathA kA nAyaka svayaM jayavardhana hI hai / isake atirikta kathAvastu ke mahattva kI dRSTi se svAmI cidAnanda, liz2A, ilA tathA nAtha prAdi caritra vizeSa rUpa se mahattvapUrNa haiM / kathA Arambha se hI aneka sUtroM me vibhakta hokara vikasita huI hai / mugya sUtra do haiM / ye donoM sUtra kathA ke nAyaka jayavardhana ke vaiyaktika tathA rAjanaitika jIvana ko AdhAra banA kara gatizIla rahate haiM / isa upanyAsa kA kathAnaka pAtroM ke tarka-sUtroM, vicAra-tattvoM, sAmAjika prAdarzoM aura rAjanaitika-darzana Adi ke bahulatA se samAveza ke kAraNa kucha bobhila-sA ho gayA hai / uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM zilpa rUpoM ke prayoga kI dRSTi se praur3hatA to avazya milatI hai, parantu svayaM unakI apanI hI kRtiyoM meM unakA samyak vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai / unameM ghaTanAoM kI saMghaTanAtmakatA para bahuta kama bala diyA gayA hai / manovizleSaNAtmaka dRSTikoNa se jainendra apane pAtroM kI sAmAnya gati meM hI sUkSma saMketoM kI nihiti kI khoja karake unheM bar3e kauzala se prastuta karate haiM / isI kAraNa se unakI cAritrika vizeSatAyeM saMyukta hokara utaratI haiM | caritroM kI pratikriyAtmaka saMbhAvanAoM ke nirdezaka sUtra hI manovijJAna aura darzana kA zrAzraya lekara vikAsa ko prApta hote haiM / jainendra ke prAyaH sabhI upanyAsoM meM dArzanika aura prAdhyAtmika tatvoM kA samAveza adhikatA se huA hai / parantu ye sAre tatva jahA~ bhI samAvezita huye haiM, vahA~ ve pAtroM ke aMtara kI vivRti karate pratIta hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainendra ke pAtra bAhya vAtAvaraNa aura paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita lagate haiM aura apanI aMtarmukhI gatiyoM se saMcAlita / unakI pratikriyAyeM aura vyavahAra bhI prAyaH inhIM gatiyoM ke anurUpa hotA hai / isI

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72 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kAraNa unake upanyAsoM meM caritroM kI bharamAra nahIM dikhAyI detI aura pAtroM kI alpa saMkhyakatA ke kAraNa bhI unake upanyAsoM meM vaiyaktika tatvoM kI pradhAnatA rahI hai / krAMtikAritA tathA aAtaMkavAditA ke tatva bhI jaineMdra ke upanyAsoM ke kathAnaka kA mahatvapUrNa AdhAra rahe haiM / unake sabhI upanyAsoM ke pramukha puruSa pAtra sazastra krAMti meM prAsthA rakhate haiM / vAhya svabhAva, ruci aura vyavahAra meM eka prakAra kI komalatA aura bhIrutA kI bhAvanA liye hokara bhI ye apane antara meM vidhvaMsaka vRtti liye hote haiN| unakA yaha vidhvaMsakArI vyaktitva nArI kI prema viSayaka asvIkRtiyoM kI pratikrayA ke phalasvarUpa nirmita hotA hai| isI kAraNa jaba vaha kisI nArI kA thor3A bhI Azraya, sahAnubhUti yA prema pAtA hai, taba TUTa kara gira par3atA hai aura bAhya rUpa se bhI komala bana jAtA hai| jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM kathA kA vikAsa trikoNAtmaka sUtra ke AdhAra para hotA hai / eka pradhAna pAtra aura eka pradhAna pAtrI ko lekara mukhya kathA sUtra kA vikAsazIla honA jainendra ke kisI upanyAsa meM nahIM milatA / unake upanyAsoM meM prAyaH pradhAna pAtra aura pradhAna pAtrI ke atirikta eka tIsarA pAtra aura bhI hotA hai, jisakA kathA ke vikAsa meM utanA hI mahatvapUrNa yoga rahatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unameM kathAnaka kA khiMcAva tIna ora se rahatA hai aura isa trikoNa ke mUla sUtroM ke pArasparika saMgharSa se use vikAsa kI dizAyeM milatI haiN| isa prakAra se jainendra ke upanyAsoM ke kathAnaka ke zilpa-rUpoM se sambandha rakhane vAlI vizeSatAoM ko sAdhAraNataH do dRSTiyoM se dekhA jA sakatA hai / eka to unake upanyAsoM kI sAmAnya zilpagata vizeSatAyeM aura dUsare asAmAnya vishesstaayeN| Upara jisa trikoNAtmaka saMgharSa ke phalasvarUpa hone vAle kathA-vikAsa kI carcA kI gayI hai, vaha unake upanyAsoM kI eka sAmAnya zilpagata vizeSatA hai, jo unake adhikAMza upanyAsoM meM samAna rUpa se vidyamAna hai|

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DAkTara mukundadeva zarmA jainendra jI ke nArI pAtroM kI manovaijJAnika pRSThabhUmi premacanda yugetara kathA-sAhitya ke hAtha se Adarza kI rajju chUTa gayI aura vaha phrAyaDIya yathArthavAda kI ora unmukha huA / phrAyaDIya yaunavAda ne bhAratIya 2.thArthavAdI sAhitya ko atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA / phrAyaDIya yaunavAda koI nayI kalpanA ho, yaha bAta nahIM hai / yaunavAda kevala naye prAvaraNa tathA naye 'lebala'' ke sAtha sAhitya-kSetra meM punaH pratiSThita huA hai / hamAre saMskAra nArI aura puruSa ko eka dUsare kA pUrNataH prapUraka mAnate haiM / yaha addhIMga kI bhAvanA kevala siddhAnta-janya nahIM hai| vAratava meM eka dUsare ke prabhAva meM apUrNatA raha jAtI hai / nArI aura puruSa kA mAnasika aura zArIrika kucha aisA sambandha hai ki vaha pRthaka nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hamArA sampUrNa vAMgmaya sthUla rUpa se do prakAra ke sAhitya meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / prathama prakAra ke sAhitya meM nArI kA anurakti pUrNa varNana milatA hai aura isa prakAra ke varNanoM meM utsAhAtireka ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke UhAtmaka varNana milate haiM / kahIM-kahIM ye citra upahAsAtmaka ho jAte haiM / dUsare prakAra kA sAhitya virakti pUrNa hai / isa prakAra ke sAhitya ko suvidhA ke liye bhakti pUrNa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / virakti pUrNa sAhitya meM bhI nArI kA varNana bahulatA ke sAtha milatA hai / isa kSetra meM nArI kI adhikatara vyAja-stuti milatI hai / nArI ke prati virakti utpanna karane ke lie usakI tathA usake rUpAdi kI aneka prakAra se nindA kI jAtI hai, parantu yaha nindA hamAre avacetana meM sthiti nArI ke prati AkarSaNa kA vyakta rUpa meM recana mAtra hai| donoM prakAra ke varNanoM meM thor3A-sA antara hai| eka apanI bhAvanA ko sahaja rUpa meM vyakta karatA hai aura usakI abhivyakti meM isa prakAra lipta hotA hai ki vaha yathArtha se dUra calA jAtA hai / dUsarA nindA ke sahAre avacetana sthita apanI kuThAnoM kA virakti ke nAma para aisA varNana karatA hai ki usameM asvAbhAvikatA A jAtI hai / donoM varNana meM rasa lete haiM aura vyakta tathA avyakta rUpa se saMtuSTi kA anubhava karate haiM / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki nArI, sAhitya meM varNana kA eka pramukha viSaya rahI hai / puruSa apanI bhAvanA tathA apanI aneka prakAra kI vRttiyoM kI saMtuSTi ke liye usakA aneka prakAra se varNana karatA rahA hai / ataH puruSa nArI ke

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jainendra : vyaktitva zraura kRtitva svabhAva, vicAra aura usakI mAnasika gatividhi kA varNana karatA rahA hai| ataH usakA citraNa bilakula saccA hai, kaise kahA jA sakatA hai| puruSa apanI bhAvanA kI athavA nArI se jisa prakAra kI bhAvanA kI abhivyakti kI apekSA karatA rahA hai, usakA vaha apane citraNa meM prAropaNa karatA rahA hai| spaSTa hai ki isa AkarSaNa meM kucha na kucha yauna tattva bhI vartamAna rahatA hai, cAhe vaha vyakta rUpa meM ho cAhe avyakta rUpa me / phrAyaDa ne isa AkarSaNa kA dvAra mukta kara diyA aura pazcima kI nayI havA ne isa tattva ko sAhitya kA eka pramukha bhraMza banA diyA hai / 74 premacanda yugetara sAhitya meM jainendra jI kA pramukha sthAna hai / ve saMbhavata: pahale kathAkAra haiM jo AdarzoM aura upadezakoM kI sImA kA pratikramaNa kara yathArtha ke dharAtala para apane pAtroM kA ImAnadArI ke sAtha citraNa karane kI ora agrasara hote haiM / ve sneha kA varNana karate haiM, parantu satya se usakA sambandha nahIM chUTatA / yathArtha kI pIThikA para ve sneha kI abhivyakti karate haiM aura unake pAtroM, vizeSakara nArI pAtroM meM isakA kramika vikAsa bhI dIkha par3atA hai / Aja ke manovijJAna kA phrAyaDIya yaunavAda se bar3A ghaniSTha sambandha ho gayA hai / pariNAmata: jainendra jI ke manovizleSaNa pUrNa citraNa bhI phrAyaDIya yaunavAda ke ghere se bAhara nahIM nikala sake haiM / hamArI saMskRti kA kAma' zabda bar3A vyApaka hai / gArhasthya aura sAmAjika jIvana meM sAMsArika abhyudaya ke jitane bhI prayatna haiM, ve hamAre yahA~ 'kAma' ke antargata Ate haiM / yaunAkarSaNa aura 'kAma' meM isa prakAra thor3A antara svIkAra karanA hogA | jainendrajI ke caritroM meM yaunAkarSaNa hai aura isa samasyA ko hI lekhaka ne aneka prakAra se vyakta karane kI ceSTA kI hai / phrAyaDIya vicAradhArA ke samAna hI jainendra jI bhI 'yaunatattva' ko pramukhatA dete haiM aura usake mahattva ko svIkAra karate haiM-- 'una nAmoM ke nIce jAkara una donoM meM kevala strI raha jAtI hai, dUsarA puruSa raha jAtA hai / pa calana vyavahAra meM calane vAle, nAte-rizte asatya vastu nahIM haiM, para prANI ke prANa meM bahuta gahare jAkara mAnoM ve saba kucha Upara sataha para hI chUTa jAte haiM ( sunItA - pRSTha 100 ) / jainendra ke kathA-sAhitya meM phrAyaDa kA yaunavAda spaSTa hai, parantu isake bAvajUda unhoMne apanA svatantra vyaktitva banAye rakhA hai / ve phrAyaDa ke yaunavAda kI ucchRMkhalatA meM baha nahIM gaye haiM / unake caritra yaunavAda ke caMgula meM pha~sakara nirIha nahIM huye haiM / unhoMne bar3I zakti ke sAtha usakA sAmanA kiyA hai aura nirantara Upara uThane kA prayatna karate rahe haiM / unakA upanyAsa sAhitya eka hI bhAva kI aneka rUpa meM abhi vyakti karatA rahA hai / yaha bhAva unake avacetana kI kisI kuMThA kA hI pariNAma

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jaineMdra jI ke nArI pAtroM kI manovaijJAnika pRSTha-bhUmi 75 hai cAhe kathA, ghaTanA, krama aura abhivyakti kI zailI meM bhale hI kucha thor3I bahuta bhinnatA ho, parantu sabake antara meM eka hI bhAva tantu sthita hai| jainendra jI ke nArI citraNa meM prAraMbha se anta taka eka hI Taka milatI hai| unake adhikAMza nArI caritra bhale ghara kI madhyama athavA ucca madhyama varga kI mahilAeM haiN| sabase bar3I vicitratA yaha hai ki jainendra ke sabhI nArI pAtra apane pati ke atirikta para-puruSa kI ora AkarSita hote haiN| isa prAkarSaNa kA pramukha srota phAyaDa kA yaunavAda hI hai / sAmAjika aura gArhasthya jIvana kA asaMtoSa bhI isa prakAra ke citraNa ke lie uttaradAyI ho sakatA hai, parantu pradhAna rUpa se isakA kAraNa yaunAkarSaNa hI hai / jainendra ke adhikatara nArI pAtra mAnasika dvandva se aAkrAnta haiN| isa mAnasika dvandva kA kAraNa kucha bhAratIya samAja kI saMskAra-janya-paristhitiyA~ bhI haiN| unake nArI-pAtroM ke para-puruSa AkarSaNa kA kyA rahasya hai, yaha bhI avacetana sthita kucha aisI kuThAnoM se saMbaMdha rakhatA hai jinakA vikAsa vaiyaktika jIvana kI paristhitiyoM para Azrita hai| eka bAra nArada muni ne bhI draupadI se satItva ke saMbaMdha meM prazna pUchA thaa| draupadI ne anta meM uttara diyA ki 'mere pA~ca sudRr3ha vIra aura vikramI pati haiM, parantu aAja bhI mujhe chaThe pati kI spRhA banI hai|' jainendra jI ke nArI pAtroM ke antara meM bhI yahI bhAvanA kArya karatI dIkha par3atI hai / nArI pAtroM ke yathArthavAdI citraNa tathA avacetana sthita mAnasika graMthiyoM kA udghATana karate samaya kahIM-kahIM jainendra jI ati yathArthavAdI bhAvanA kI aora bhaTaka-se gaye haiN| pAzcAtya nArI kI bAta to nahIM kaha sakatA, para bhAratIya nArI to yauna-jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM nirlajjatA pUrvaka bAtacIta nahIM kara sktii| mAnava jIvana kA kucha ghariNata pakSa bhI hai| mAnava yadi bahuta UMcA uTha sakatA hai to garta ke atalatama sthAna taka bhI pahu~ca sakatA hai, parantu sAhitya-sarjana kA kucha prayojana hotA hai, isakA kucha uddezya hotA hai / usake dvArA bhAvoM, vicAroM kA pariSkAra hotA hai / sAhitya ke mAdhyama se yadi abhyudaya kA mArga na prApta ho to kama se kama satyAsatya kI dRSTi to prApta honI hI cAhiye / ataH yathArtha citraNa ke samaya bhI jIvana ke una avAMchita pakSoM kI upekSA to karanI hogI jo dUSita saMskAra ko bar3hAvA dete hai / patitA se patitA nArI bhI apane avacetana meM sthita bhAvanAoM ko isa prakAra nahIM vyakta karegI ki samAja kA pratyeka prANI usase ghRNA karane lage / vaha apane daurbalya ko nirlajjatA kA jAmA nahIM pahanA sakatI / jainendra jI kI 'budhiyA' kucha isI prakAra kA caritra hai / vaha para-purupa se kahatI hai- 'dAdA hara kisI

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva se paMgA le lete haiM aura jA ke tAr3I meM phUka dete haiN| mAM gayI, taba se yahI hAla hai| maiM apane basa kisI ko nahIM lauTAtI......... "maiM zikAyata nahIM karatI, lekina tana kabhI bahata pIra de jAtA hai|' bhAratIya-saMskRti ke lie isa prakAra ke citraNa atyaMta hI aparicita se haiM / ina citroM meM phAyaDa kI yaunavAdI bhAvanA kA nagna pratinidhitva huaA hai / lekhaka kI maulika racanA usakI anubhUti para Azrita hotI hai| kabhI-kabhI jIvana ke aneka anubhava aneka prakAra kI mAnasika aura sAmAjika kaThinAiyoM aura vyavadhAnoM ke kAraNa avacetana meM jAkara rama jAte haiM aura unake dvArA vicAroM kA udvelana hotA rahatA hai / samartha kalAkAra avacetana meM sthita ina bhAvanAoM kI, una graMthiyoM kI tathA kabhI-kabhI apanI damita kuThAnoM kI abhivyakti vibhinna prakAra ke pAtroM ke sarjana dvArA bar3e hI nATakIya rUpa se karatA hai| yaha sarjana usakI vegavatI, avacetana meM sthita arddha suSupta bhAvanA kA hI pariNAma hai / mahAn ciMtaka bhI sRjana ke kSaNoM meM kucha aisI bAteM likha jAte haiM jise samAja kI dRSTi ThIka nahIM samajhatI, parantu unakI dRSTi se to vaha pUrNataH satya aura yathArtha hotA hai, kyoMki vaha unakI amUlya anubhUti dvArA utpanna hotI hai / isa prakAra kI kRtiyoM ke prati kRtikAra kI bar3I mamatA bhI hotI hai| pariNAmataH use anyathA samajha sakane kI kSamatA yA zakti usameM nahIM raha jaatii| yahI nahIM, isa dharAtala para pahu~cane para unake liye kucha bhI gopya athavA agopya nahIM raha jaataa| vAstavika kalAkAra vahI hai jo apanI anubhUtiyoM kA ImAnadArI ke sAtha varNana karatA hai, parantu sAtha hI use isakA bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki usakI kalAkRti usake vaiyaktika jIvana taka hI sImita nahIM rhtii| vaha to samAja kA eka aMza ho jAtI hai| jainendra jI ne hindU nArI ke cAra pramukha citroM kA varNana kiyA hai| ve haiMkaTTo, sunItA, kalyANI aura mRNAla / ina saba citraNoM meM mAnasika graMthiyoM kA hI prAdhAnya hai / unake pAtra siddhAntoM aura vicAroM ke vAtyAcakra meM na phaMsakara sAdhAraNa jIvana kI ora unmukha hote dIkha par3ate haiM / ve jIvana ko sukhI rUpa meM jInA cAhate haiM aura usake liye prayatnazIla dikhalAI par3ate haiM / unameM yadi durbalatAe~ haiM to ve unako AdarzavAda ke prAvaraNa se AcchAdita nahIM karanA cAhate / ve use spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra karate haiM aura usase Upara uThane kA sAdhana hU~Dhate haiM / jainendra jI ke kathA sAhitya meM manovizleSaNa kI uparyukta prakriyA kA kramika vikAsa dikhalAI par3atA hai / prAraMbhika racanAoM meM jahA~ unhoMne apanI vaiyaktika

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jaineMdra jI ke nAro pAtroM kI manovaijJAnika pRSTha-bhUmi 77 vicAradhArA ko dArzanikatA ke AvaraNa se prAvRta kiyA hai, vahIM unakI uttarakAlIna racanAoM meM ye bIca ke vyavadhAna pUrNataH dUra hote gaye haiN| jainendra ke sabhI nArI pAtroM meM vicitra prakAra kA mAnasika dvandva calatA rahatA hai / sAmAjika paramparA, sAmAjika vyavadhAna aura vicAroM meM vaiSamya ke kAraNa hI yaha sthiti dIkha par3atI hai / unakI kalA-kRtiyA~ sAmAjika aura mAnasika dvandva se TakarAkara Upara uThane kA yatna karatI haiM, yaha eka svastha lakSaNa hai| jainendra jI kA dArzanika vyaktitva unake mAnasika aura sAmAjika vyaktitva se barAbara saMgharSa karatA cala rahA hai| isa saMgharSa meM anta meM kauna vijayI hogA, yaha kaha sakanA kaThina hai, kyoMki jainendra jI sacce arthoM meM pragatizIla haiM aura unakI racanAmoM meM manovaijJAnika cintanoM kA kramika vikAsa nirantara hotA cala rahA hai /

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DAkTara tribhuvanasiMha yathArtha aura upanyAsakAra jainendrakumAra hindI kathA-sAhitya meM jisa yathArtha citraNa kA saphala pravartana muMzI premacanda jI ne kiyA, vaha sAmAjika pariveza meM vyakti ke bAhya kriyA-kalApoM kA citraNa mAtra banakara raha gayA thaa| vibhinna sAmAjika paristhitiyoM, rASTrIya Andolana se utpanna viSama-samasyAoM evaM sudhAravAdI AndolanoM ke samparka meM lAkara apane caritroM ke mAdhyama se premacanda jI tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM; Arthika, dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika viSamatAoM kA yathArtha evaM vizvasanIya citra to utAra cuke the, para vyakti ke antarmana meM calane vAle saMvarSoM evaM anukUla tathA pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke bIca usake badalane vAle saMkalpoM kA citra utAranA abhI zeSa thA, jisakI ora dRSTi DAlane kA unheM avakAza hI nahIM milA / yuga kI isa AvazyakatA kI ora bhI upanyAsakAroM kI dRSTi gaI aura hama dekhate haiM ki premacanda kI racanAoM ke hI garbha se jainendra-sAhitya kA eka sotA phUTa nikalA jisakA Age calakara svataMtra vikAsa huaA hai| Age calakara manovaijJAnika athavA manovizleSaNAtmaka zailI ko Adarza mAnakara likhane vAle upanyAsakAroM kA jo eka aitihAsika Agamana huA, jainendrajI ko usa koTi meM to nahIM rakhA jA sakatA, para unheM patha-dRSTA ke rUpa meM avazya svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / inhoMne apane upanyAsoM ke andara manuSya samAja kI apekSA eka parivAra athavA vyakti ke yathArtha citraNa para adhika bala diyA aura isa samaya taka isakI AvazyakatA bhI A par3I thI / san 1636 ke Asa-pAsa, jo premacanda kI samApti kA kAla thA, yuga kI paristhitiyoM meM parivartana upasthita ho cukA thA / premacanda jI ke racanA-kAla meM jo rAjanaitika, dhArmika evaM sAmAjika avasthAyeM thIM; unameM bahuta kucha sudhAra kiyA jA cukA thaa| yaha yuga jAgaraNa ke kAraNa navIna mor3a le rahA thA / prAcIna rUr3hi-prasta paramparAmoM-evaM sAmAjika Adarzo kI nissAratA prakaTa ho jAne tathA unake nirAkaraNa ke upayukta samAdhAnoM ke abhAva meM navIna pratibhAyeM nUtana mArga DhUr3hane laga gyiiN| jainendra jI kI dRSTi yadyapi upanyAsoM meM manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhAvanAoM ke citraNa karane kI aora atyadhika gaI, phira bhI unhoMne prAcIna sAmAjika siddhAntoM kI cahAra-dIvArI ke ( 78 )

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yathArtha aura upanyAsakAra jainendrakumAra bAhara jhA~kA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki jainendra jI apanI kRtiyoM ko siddhAntoM aura vicAroM kI bhUla-bhulaiyA meM phaMsAnA ucita nahIM samajhate aura na hI unhoMne upanyAsoM ke dvArA upadezaka bananA hI ucita samajhA hai / hindU nArI meM 'kaTTo', 'sunItA', 'mRNAla' aura 'kalyANI' cAra pramukha caritroM kA nirmANa jainendra jI ne kiyA hai aura kucha paruSa pAtroM kA bhI jisase unakI zailIgata viziSTatA kA paricaya mila jAtA hai| pahalI bAra hindU gRhastha ke ghara kA pardA uThAkara Apane andara jhA~kane kA prayatna kiyA hai| inakI kRtiyoM meM pAThakoM ko sAmayika sAmAjika nava-nirmANa kI ora bharapUra jhukAva dikhalAI par3egA / 'parakha' kI bAla-vidhavA aura antima aMza, 'sunItA' kI pati samarpita vyAhatA, jo pati kI icchA ke liye hI eka gumarAha tathA 'sevasa' ke prati kuNThita vyakti ko mAnavIya bhUmi para lAnA cAhatI hai, taka Akara nArI kI eka patiniSThA kI bhAvanA meM AmUla parivartana ho jAtA hai / 'sumana' aura 'nirmalA' kI bhA~ti 'sunItA' pati dvArA zaMkAlu dRSTi se nahIM dekhI jAtI / jahA~ nirmalA' tathA 'sumana' para puruSa ke samparka mAtra se hI samAja meM nindA kI vastu bana jAtI hai aura unakI naitika pavitratA kI sarvathA upekSA hI kI jAtI hai, vahIM para 'sunItA' apane pati 'zrI kAnta' ke dvArA para-puruSa hari prasanna' ko nArI pAkarSaNa ke prati jAgarUka banAne ke liye usake sAtha ekAnta meM rahane ke liye eka prakAra se vivaza kI jAtI hai| nArI kA astitva pati kI bAhoM tathA ghara kI cahAra dIvArI se nikala kara samAja meM mukta rUpa se vikasita hone ke liye unmukha ho uThA, jo rUr3higrasta mAnyatAoM ke prati eka prakAra kA vidrohI svara thaa| 'tyAga-patra' kI mRNAla bunA pati ke yahA~ Azraya na pAkara pIhara se bhI ThakarAI jAtI hai / pariNAmasvarUpa vaha eka baniye ke sAtha bhAga jAne ke liye bAdhya ho jAtI hai / aura bhI usakI AtmA avyabhicarita rahatI hai| isa prakAra bAhya sAmAjika mUlyoM kI apekSA Antarika sadAcAroM ko yahA~ para adhika mUlya pradAna kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra ke Antarika mUlyoM para bala dene vAle sAhitya racanA kI ora baMgalA ke prasiddha upanyAsakAra 'zarat candra' ne sarvAdhika dhyAna diyA hai| unake upanyAsa 'gRhadAha' kI 'acalA' meM hameM 'mRNAla' kI pavitratA ke darzana ho sakate haiM, yadyapi donoM kI paristhitiyoM meM mahAn antara hai / 'acalA' ke zArIrika patana ke mUla meM usakA asantuSTa 'saiksa' aura parivAra meM eka bAharI vyakti kA praveza pA jAnA hai, jabaki 'mRNAla' ke patana meM svacchanda prema aura Arthika viSamatA kA mahatvapUrNa hAtha hai / 'mRNAla' ko samAja kI jina gaMdI galiyoM se gujaranA par3A hai, una para calakara usane antarmana meM calane vAlI pApa vRttiyoM, kusaMskAroM evaM puruSoM kI

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80 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva nArI viSayaka durbalatAoM kA bhaNDAphor3a kiyA hai, jisakI yathArthatA se hama inkAra nahIM kara sakate / isakA saMketa maiMne pUrva meM hI kara diyA hai ki jainendra jI ne samAja apekSA parivAra aura vyakti ko hI apanI racanA kA adhika AdhAra banAyA hai, jisakI abhivyakti 'zarata' aura 'ravibAbU' kI racanAtroM meM ho cukI thii| apanI anya racanAoM kI apekSA janendra jI ne 'tyAga-patra' kI sImA meM vyApaka samAja ko citrita karane kA prayatna avazya kiyA hai, para citraraNa kA AdhAra eka pAtra 'mRNAla bunA ' hI hai / 'prema' jo ki mAnava mAtra ke liye aparihArya evaM jIvana kA zrAvazyaka aMga hai, usake prati 'jainendrajI' kA dRSTikoNa atyanta vyaktivAdI hai / ye prema ko samAja kI vastu nahIM, balki use eka mAtra vaiyaktika vastu ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jina praznoM ko mu~zI premacanda jI ne uThAkara chor3a diyA thA, jainendra ne unakA samAdhAna hI nahIM prastuta kiyA, balki unhoMne usakI sArI sthiti hI badala DAlI / paramparA se calI AtI sArI mAnyatAoM ko inake upanyAsoM meM ThukarA diyA gayA hai / 'parakha' ko chor3akara inake sabhI upanyAsoM vaiyaktikatA kI carama abhivyakti hai / 'sunItA' kI nArI to pati dvArA hI parapuruSa se prema kA svAMga karane ke liye prerita kI jAtI hai / yadyapi lekhaka ne use vaijJAnika prayogoM kI puttalikA ke rUpa meM hI citrita karanA cAhA hai, kintu prayoga samApta ho jAne para usake andara strI sulabha svAbhAvika prema hariprasanna ke prati phUTa hI par3A, bhale hI upanyAsakAra use Age bar3hAne meM hicaka gayA ho / jainendrajI ne 'sunItA' ko 'zarata' ke 'gRhadAha' aura 'rabi bAbU' ke 'ghare - bAhire' se kucha bhinna rUpa meM upasthita karanA cAhA thA, para kucha khAsa saphalatA unheM isameM milI nahIM / kisa prakAra bAharI vyakti ke parivAra meM praveza pA jAne se ghara-parivAra TUTa jAtA hai, rabi bAbU ne isI kA udAharaNa apanI racanA meM prastuta kiyA hai / kAma sambandhI zArIrika pratRpti korI bhAvukatA para ganaiH zanaiH kisa prakAra vijaya pA jAtI hai aura parivAra meM bAharI vyakti ke A jAne se kisa prakAra use sahAyatA milatI hai, isakA udAharaNa 'gRhadAha' meM mila jAegA / 'sunItA' ke AdarzoM kI zithilatA bhI hariprasa1 ke naikaTya kA pariNAma hai, para 'sunItA' aura usake pati kI pUrva ceSTAyeM kucha svAbhAvikatAoM para jAna par3atI haiM, yadyapi lekhaka ne anta meM calakara 'sunItA' ke hRdaya meM AkarSaNa dikhalAkara use yathArtha kI bhUmi para lAnA cAhA hai / nirAvaraNa nArI zarIra ko dekhane kA Agraha to yathArtha kA atireka hI nahIM balki kisI granthi kA pariNAma jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki 'gAMdhiyana satyAgraha' ke liye mAnasa parivartana kA yaha rUpa svIkArya nahIM /

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yathArtha aura upanyAsakAra jaineMdrakumAra jainendra jI ne apanI vyaktivAdI vicAradhArA ko-mAnasika granthi se udbhUta kuNThA ko jo unake pUrva likhita upanyAsoM meM spaSTa dArzanikatA ke prAvaraNa meM Dhaka gayI thI-manovizleSaNAtmaka pAcchAdana meM chipAyA thA, use bhI 'sukhadA', 'vivarta' aura 'vyatIta' meM anAvRta kara diyA hai / inake sabhI upanyAsoM meM prAyaH eka hI prakAra kI Teka hai| jainendra jI ke nArI pAtra prAyaH apane dAmpatya jIvana meM duHkhI haiM athavA vartamAna paristhitiyoM se pIr3ita haiM, 'kalyANI' jisakA sarvottama udAharaNa hai| 'kalyANI' meM nAyikA pati dvArA pratAr3ita hone para usase sambandha-viccheda karanA cAhatI hai, phira bhI nahIM chor3a paatii| inake nArI pAtroM ke andara sAmAjika mAnyatA ke prati vidrohI bhAva to ugra rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, para unakA zoSaraNa hotA hI hai / 'kaTTo', 'sunItA', 'mRNAla bumA' aura 'kalyANI' kI bebasI to hama dekha hI cuke haiM, para jainendra jI apane anya upanyAsoM meM jo karate-karate ruka gaye the, use unhoMne 'vyatIta' meM pUrA kara liyA, jahA~ prema aura vivAha meM koI sambandha hI nahIM dikhalAI par3atA / inakA puruSa itanA pAkarSaka hai ki sabhI lar3akiyA~ usase prema karane laga jAtI haiM / 'candA' kA vivAha to 'jayanta' ke sAtha eka nimitta mAtra hai, kyoMki isake atirikta bhI anaitika prema-vyApAra calatA hI rahatA hai / anitA, sunitA tathA kapilA grAdi sabhI jayanta se prema karatI haiM aura kucha to adhikAra taka bho de pAtI haiM, para unameM se eka bhI usakI pariNItA nahIM / upanyAsakAra aise sambandhoM ko anaitika nahIM mAnatA / puruSa pAtra prAyaH nArI ke prati udAsIna hI rahate haiM / ve puruSa sulabha AkarSaNa se vaMcita rakhe gaye haiM, parantu nArI bAra-bAra pAkara unase TakarAtI hai aura apanA bhAvukatApUrNa nirIha prAtma-samarpaNa karatI hai / 'parakha' meM prAtmasamarpaNa avyavahArika hote huye bhI asAmAjika nahIM hone pAyA hai, kintu paravartI upanyAsoM meM nagnatA bar3hanI gayI hai / 'sukhadA' kI kathA ko rASTrIya prAndolana aura krAntikAriyoM ke jIvana taka khIMca lAne ke kAraNa hI jainendra jI use yathArthavAdI banA sake haiM, anyathA 'vyatIta' kI bhAMti yaha upanyAsa bhI strI puruSa ke naitika aura anaitika sambandhoM taka sImita raha jAtA / 'sukhadA' kA asantoSa deza-bhakti meM to badalA, para 'lAla sAhaba' ke samparka meM prAkara vaha eka aimI kathA kA nirmANa karatI hai jisake mAdhyama se krAntikAriyoM ke yathArtha jIvana para prakAza par3atA hai, unakI sabalatAyeM evaM durbalatAyeM spaSTa rUpa meM pAThakoM ke sAmane yA jAtI haiN| apekSAkRta jo citra isameM pAye haiM, unameM kalAtmakatA aura manovaijJAnika vivecana kA sahArA liyA gayA hai jisakA 'vyatIta' meM nitAnta abhAva hai / isameM prAkara to nagnatA apanI parAkASThA ko pahu~ca gaI hai| lekhaka ne 'anItA' aura 'candrakalA' kA jaisA prAtma-samarpaNa 'jayaMta' ke sAmane karAyA hai, vaise citraNa-kalA kI dRSTi se bhale hI zreSTha hoM, para

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva 82 naitika dRSTi se avAMchita haiM / jainendra ke nArI caritroM kI yathArthatA ko vyakti taka hI sImita rakhA jA sakatA hai / vaha sAmAjika svIkRti kA adhikArI nahIM hai / jainendra dvArA citrita striyoM jaisI samAja meM eka do ho sakatI haiM, na ki unakI bahutAyata hai / aisA lagatA hai ki jainendra kI nArI dUsaroM ko zarIra dene ke liye hI banI hai / aisA karane meM use kisI bhI prakAra kA saMkoca nahIM hotA / isI graha ke kAraNa unakI nAyikAyeM vyaktitvahIna aura cetanA zUnya ho gaI haiN| ve kevala vastu haiM jinakA upabhoga koI bhI kara sakatA hai| eka ora to inakI nAriyoM meM prema karane aura zarIra dene kA koI AdhAra nahIM hai aura dUsarI ora puruSa unheM apane gale par3I vastu samajhatA hai, vaha unase chuTakArA pAnA cAhatA hai / 'vyatIta' meM 'anItA' ke Upara usake pati misTara 'purI' kA jaise koI adhikAra hI nahIM aura na ve isake icchuka hI jAna par3ate haiM / 'anItA' bahana rUpa meM rahakara bhI anta taka jayaMta ko raktadAna dene ke liye utsuka hai, jise vaha svIkAra bhI kara letA hai / aise sAmAjika sambandhoM ke aucitya para to praznavAcI cihna lagA hI hai, para Ae dina aisI ghaTanAe~ samAja meM ghaTatI haiM ise asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke Aloka meM jisa bhAratIya 'nAgarika - saMskRti' kA nirmANa ho rahA hai, use dRSTi meM rakhate huye sahasA aise varNanoM ko yathArtha kaha denA kaThina hai / eka viziSTa samAja meM to Aja vivAha aura prema ko alaga-alaga dekhane kA pracalana-sA hotA jA rahA hai| pati aura puruSa mitra tathA patnI aura mahilA mitra kI samAja meM naitika stara dilAne kI bharapUra koziza ho rahI hai, jisase sAmAjika jIvana ( Social life ) aura vyaktigata jIvana ( Private life) jaisI do svataMtra sattAoM kI svIkRti-sI milatI jA rahI hai / ataH 'vivarta' meM yadi jainendra jI ne aise caritroM kA nirmANa kiyA hai to unheM samIcIna hI kahA jA sakatA hai / yadi 'bhuvana mohinI' jitena se prema karatI huI jo ki para-puruSa hai -- patnIdharma kA pUrA-pUrA nirvAha karatI hai to prasaMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA / itanA avazya hai, kucha prasaMgoM kI sRSTi meM jainendrajI ko adhika saMyata hone kI AvazyakatA thI, jinheM kalAtmaka bhASA nahIM mila pAI hai / premacanda aura unake yuga ke prabhAvita sAmAjika upanyAsoM aura jainendrakumAra ke sAmAjika upanyAsoM meM maulika bheda dikhAI par3anA svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki donoM kI ciMtana bhUmi aura racanA prakriyA meM mahAna antara hai| eka ke pAtroM ke sammukha samAja kI samasyA hai -- jisakA prabhAva sampUrNa samAja para par3atA hai aura dUsare ke pAtroM ke sammukha vyakti vizeSa kI samasyA hai, jisakA prabhAva adhika se adhika usake samparka

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yathArtha aura upanyAsakAra jaineMdra kumAra meM Ane vAle vyakti athavA parivAra taka hI sImita hai / premacanda jI kI samasyAoM ko hala kara lene se sampUrNa samAja kI samasyA hala ho jAtI hai to jainendrajI kI samasyA ke hala se kevala kucha vyaktiyoM kI samasyA kA samAdhAna milatA hai, jo vidroha kara rahe haiM / yadyapi jainendra jI kI aupanyAsika samasyAoM ko vyApaka sahA nubhUti nahIM mila sakI hai, para unake andara vyakti ko rulA dene kI apAra zakti bharI hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki jainendra jI hindI-kathA-sAhitya meM eka aisI vicAradhArA ke pravartaka haiM jisakI pravAhamAna dhArA se aneka srota phUTakara svataMtra saritA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara baiThe haiN| hindI-sAhitya kA aAdhunika itihAsa likhate samaya eka bhI itihAsakAra aisA nahIM hogA jo jainendra jI ke aitihAsika mahattva kI upekSA kara ske|

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DaoN0 raNavIra rAMgA jainendra ke upanyAsoM kA mUla svara jainendra hindI-jagat meM eka pahelI ke rUpa meM aaye| ye pahale upanyAsakAra haiM jinhoMne hindI ke pAThaka ko ghisI-piTI naitikatA kI saMkIrNatA se nikaalaa| yahI nahIM, use mUla naitikatA taka pahu~cAne vAle gahare Atma-cintana kI ora sabase pahale pravatta karane kA zreya bhI inheM hI hai / jainendra taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate hindI-upanyAsa ke pAThaka ko sAmAjika mUlyoM kI apanI parakha para jo eka prakAra kA vizvAsa ho gayA thA, janendra ne Ate hI use hilA diyaa| premacanda-yuga ke upanyAsoM ne 'su' aura 'ku', pApa aura puNya tathA deva aura dAnava kA jo rUpa sthira kara rakhA thA, jainendra ne use cunautI dete huye pAThaka se anurodha kiyA ki vaha ina sAmAjika mUlyoM ke bAharI raMgarUpa meM na ulajhA rahakara unakI AtmA taka pahu~cane kA prayAsa kare / apanI cira-poSita mAnyatAoM ko isa prakAra jhuThalAyA jAtA dekha pAThaka ko jhajhalAhaTa to bahuta huI, para vaha chaTapaTA kara raha gayA, kara kucha na sakA / samAja ke pracalita mUlyoM kI parta para parta kholate huye unakI taha meM chipI naitikatA kA jo rUpa jainendra ne citrita kiyA, pAThaka usakI satyatA ko svIkAra to na kara sakA, para use yaha mahasUsa hone lagA ki lekhaka kI cunautI meM kucha sAra avazya hai, usane kahIM gaharI coTa kI hai / para isase kyA hotA ? paramparAgata saMskAra ekadama to nahIM dhula jAte / zAyada isIliye, jainendra se bhI vahI AzA kI jAne lagI jo unase pahale ke upanyAsakAroM se kI jAtI thii| upanyAsoM meM bhI pracalita vicAra-dhArAoM ke AdhAra para jIvana aura jagat kI samasyAoM kA hala DhUr3hA jAne lagA, kintu isase nirAzA hI hAtha lgii| cAroM ora se AvAjeM uThane lagIM / kisI ne kahA : "jainendra ke upanyAsa pahelI haiN| isa prahelikA para hama socate hI raha jAte haiM; kucha pAra nahIM milatA, kucha bheda nahIM pAte / " dUsarI AvAz2a z2arA U~cI aura kaThora thI; "vicAra maulikatA kA jo sakriya aura spaSTa svarUpa hama eka maulika vicAraka aura kalAkAra kI kRti meM dekhane ko utsuka rahate haiM, usakI AMzika pUrti bhI jainendra ke upanyAsoM dvArA nahIM ho paatii|'' eka AvAz2a unake naitika nirUpaNa ke virodha meM uThI : "naitika pAdoM ko jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM koI sthira mAnyatA prApta nahIM / unakA darzana sAmAjika jIvana ke palAyana kA darzana hai / " kisI ne kahA : "jainendra ke upanyAsoM kA aMta ( 84 )

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jainendra ke upanyAsoM kA mUla svara niSkarSa vihIna hai|" isa prakAra jainendra ke upanyAsoM ke prati pAThakoM kI pratitriyA vyakta huii| jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM sAmAjika jIvana se palAyana kI pravRtti ko bala milatA dIkhe to aAzcarya na hogaa| unake pAtra sAmAjika jIvana se sadA bacate rahe haiM / bhAgya se athavA samAja aura usake vidhi-niSedhoM se Takkara lene kA dama unameM nhiiN| isake viparIta ve niyativAdI ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| kisI bhI pratikUla sthiti ke prati ve vidroha nahIM karate; balki binA mIna-mekha nikAle use svIkAra kara lete haiM / 'parakha' kI kaTTo ke zabdoM meM, pAtra jaba yaha mAna le ki "anahonI ghaTa nahIM sakatI, honI Tala nahIM sktii| jo ho gayA, ho gyaa| use miTAnA aba basa se bAhara kI bAta hai|"-to vaha bAhya saMgharSa kI ora pravRtta kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaineMdra ke sabhI pAtra niyati ke bahAva meM bahate haiM / zrIkAnta kI ciTThI para vicAra karatI huI sunItA bhI yaha sthira karatI hai : "mujhe 'niyati ke bahAva meM bahate hI calanA hai. dharma-adharma bisAra denA hai / " 'vivarta' kI bhuvanamohinI bhI jitena ko DhADhasa ba~dhAtI haI kahatI hai, "ghabarAno nahIM / jo huA ho gayA / honahAra kabhI TalA hai ?" jayavardhana bhI pAnI vivazatA svayaM svIkAra karatA hai : "maiMne kabhI nahIM pAyA, vilbara, ki kucha mere vaza kA hai, tinakA taka usake hilAye hilatA hai / " isa prakAra jainendra ke pAtroM ko apane bAhara jUjhane ke liye, saMgharSanirata hone ke liye, kucha rahatA hI nhiiN| bAharI saMgharSa ke kAraNoM ke upasthita hote hue bhI ve unake prati aA~kha mUda lete haiN| saMgharSa kI cunautI ve eka kAna se sunakara dUsare se nikAla dete haiN| asala meM bAta yaha hai ki jainendra ke pAtra mA~sala kama aura mAnasika adhika haiM / samAja meM rahate huye bhI ve usase kaTe kaTe-se dIkhate haiM / samAja ke nAma para unakA kAma par3atA hai pati yA patnI ke kisI mitra yA premI se / jainendra kI nAyikA kI makhya samasyA yaha hai ki usakA premI aura pati eka na hokara alaga-alaga do puruSa hote haiN| jisase usakA prema ho jAtA hai, usase vivAha nahIM ho pAtA aura jisase vivAha ho jAtA hai usase prema nahIM ho pAtA / aisI sthiti meM bhItarI aura bAharI, donoM prakAra kA ghora saMgharSa pati-patnI meM cala sakatA hai, jisase taMga Akara ve eka dUsare ko mAra sakate haiM yA viSa Adi khAkara svayaM mara sakate haiM, aura nahIM to ghora mAnasika vedanA se pAgala to jarUra ho gaye hote / para jainendra ke pAtroM ke sAtha aisA kucha nahIM hotaa| unake cetana mana meM isa viSaya ko lekara koI vizeSa saMgharSa nahIM chir3atA, kyoMki ve sthiti ko sAdhAraNa mAnakara usase mAnasika saMtulana baiThA lete haiN| vAstavikatA prakaTa ho jAne para pati udAra ho jAtA hai aura 'vivarta' ke nAyaka nareza kI taraha patnI ko DhADhasa ba~dhAtA huA kahatA hai : "muMha chipAne kI tumhAre liye koI bAta

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janendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva nahIM / pyAra kA haqa sabako hai / tumhArA, merA, usakA, sabakA, / " aura usakA mArga prazasta karate hue kahatA hai : "agara maiM sau phI sadI tumhArA hU~ to eka fI sadI bhI mujhaM atirikta ginatI meM mata lo|" sukhadA ke pati ne bhI to use yahI kahA thA : "maiM hU~, yahI tumhArI divaqata hai, hai na sukhadA ? Aja tumase kahatA hU~ ki mujhe apane meM mAna lo| isa taraha kI bAtoM meM merA alaga vicAra na kiyA kro|" isIliye to para-puruSa se prema karane para bhI janendra kI nAyikAeM apane patiyoM meM saMgharSa nahIM uThA paatiiN| pati hI jaba sthiti ko jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra kara le to saMgharSa kaise ho? jainendra kI nAyikAoM ko bhI bAhara saMgharSa ke liye kucha nahIM rahatA / lokApavAda kI unheM cintA nahIM / samAja to mAnoM unake liye astitva hI nahIM rakhatA / zeSa rahe pati, ve unake mArga meM par3ate nahIM, pratyut unheM protsAhana dete rahate haiM / phira bhI, jainendra kI nAyikAeM jIvana bhara mAnasika yAtanAoM ke kuDa meM tila-tila karake jalatI rahatI haiM / bAhara se zAMta aura sthira dIkhane para bhI bhItara hI bhItara ve behada becaina rahatI haiM / bAharI saMgharSa ke prati udAsIna hone para bhI ve apane bhItarI saMgharSa se nahIM baca paatiiN| unake bhItara nirantara eka halacala macI rahatI hai, jo unheM sadA becaina kiye rakhatI hai / para yaha saba kyoM ? mAnA ki jisase unakA prema ho gayA, usase vivAha na ho sakA aura jisase vivAha ho gayA, usase prema na ho sakA / para jaba pati svayaM hI apanI patnI aura usake premI ke bIca se haTakara unake liye rAstA sAfa kara de to patnI ke becaina rahane kA koI spaSTa kAraNa nahIM rhtaa| 'vivarta' kI bhuvanamohinI jaisI strI jo binA kisI prakAra ke saMkoca yA Dara ke vizvAsapUrvaka apane premI se yaha kaha sakatI ho ki, ' maiM saba kucha tumhArI hUM aura pati kI kevala patnI,' yadi vaha bhI mAnasika yAtanAyeM bhogatI huI ghula-ghulakara maratI rahe to Azcarya hI hogaa| kucha bhI ho, saca yahI hai ki patiyoM se AzvAsana pAkara bhI jainendra kI nAyikAeM Azvasta nahIM ho paatiiN| pativratA nArI ke pamparAgata saMskAra unake avacetana mana para itane gahare par3e haiM ki ve pati ke prati udAsIna hone aura premI kI ora adhikAdhika AkRSTa hone ke vicAra taka se hI apane ko aparAdhI pAtI haiM aura lAkha ceSTA karane para bhI apane ko pati se alaga nahIM kara paatiiN| harIza dAdA dvArA bulAI gaI krAMtikArI dala kI eka baiThaka meM bhAga lene ke lie ghara se calate samaya sukhadA ne pati se ye zabda kahe the, "strI ke bhI hRdaya hotA hai aura vaha bhI dAyitva rakhatI hai| maiM isa sabhA meM jAU~gI / tuma roka nahIM skte|" jisa sukhadA ko apane para itanA vizvAsa thA, jaba usI sukhadA ko baiThaka meM harIza se yaha kahate sunate haiM, "maiM to sAtha hU~, para padAdhikArI na banAveM / aura abhI, 'una' se pUchanA bhI bAkI hai|"

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88 janendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva samarpita kara dene kI sImA para pA jAtI haiM, taba unakI aMtarAtmA- (kAMzesa) yAnI, pAtivRtya-sambandhI sAmAjika saMskAra-unheM pati ke prati vizvAsaghAta karake svayaM apanI hI naz2aroM meM girane nahIM detI aura unakA samarpaNa hotA-hotA sahasA bIca meM ruka jAtA hai| isa prakAra, eka laMbe samaya taka unake acetana meM unakI aMtarAtmA (kAMzesa) aura kAma-vAsanA meM ghora saMgharSa calatA rahatA hai / yadyapi adhikatara unakI aMtarAtmA hI prabala rahatI hai, para vaha kAma-pravRtti ko pUrI taraha zAsita nahIM rakha sktii| isa ghora mAnasika saMgharSa kA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki janendra kI nAyikAeM pati tathA premI, donoM se hI kaTI-kaTI rahatI haiM / apane meM simaTakara ve apane ko zUnya banA letI haiM aura vaha zanya unheM bhItara hI bhItara kATatA rahatA hai| para 'nitAnta ekAkI rahakara kisI ko kaise sukha mila sakatA hai ?' ve tAr3a ke per3a kI taraha UcI tanakara akelI na khar3I raha skiiN| "unake bhItara taka vyApta eka se do hone kI mAMga" antataH unheM premI ke prati samarpita hone ke liye majabUra kara detI hai| samarpaNa meM unakA ahaM TUTa jAtA hai aura ve virAT meM videha banane ke lie macala uThatI haiM, mAnoM apane sraSTA kA yaha anUbhUta satya unhoMne bhI pA liyA ho ki "aikya-bodha hI sabase bar3A jJAna-lAbha hai, mAtmArpaNa meM hI prAtmopalabdhi hai, prAgrahapUrNa saMgraha meM lAbha nahIM," aura 'unake bhItara kA bichur3A khaNDa akhaNDa se aikya ke lie tar3apa uThatA hai|' yahI hai jainendra kA jIvana-darzana aura unake upanyAsoM kA mUla svara / para jaineMdra ke upanyAsa aura unake pAtra apane sraSTA ke jIvana-darzana ko itanA khulane kahA~ dete haiM ? unake pAtroM kA tarka unake hI bhItara sannihita rahatA hai aura usake saMketa-sUtra upanyAsa bhara meM bikhare bhI nahIM rahate, pratyuta nAnA rUpa dhAraNa kara pAThakoM ko bharamAte bhI rahate haiN| isIliye samUcA upanyAsa par3ha cukane para bhI kaI bAra pAThaka hAtha malatA raha jAtA hai|

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kumArI vINA seTha upanyAsakAra jainendra mAnavIya antarAtmA ke saphala citrakAra jainendrakumAra ke sAhitya se Aja hiMdI jagata meM koI bhI aparicita nahIM raha gayA hai| saca pUchA jAye to vyakti kI manaHsthiti kA itanA bArIka, saphala aura sazakta adhyayana karane aura usako mano. vijJAna kI kasauTI para ghisakara parakhane vAlA prathama upanyAsakAra hindI-sAhitya meM jainendra hI haiN| unakI samasta racanAoM meM mAnava mana ke antarjagata kI kathA nihita hai, usake manoloka kI uthala-puthala aura bhAvoM ke utAra-car3hAva kA citraNa hai / paristhiti kI asAdhAraNatA yA ghaTanAoM kA jor3a-tor3a aura phailAva vahA~ nahIM hai, varan bhAvakSetra ke sazakta pAtroM kA citraNa hI sarvatra pramukhatA pAtA rahA hai| ___ parakha, tapobhUmi, sunItA, tyAgapatra, kalyANI, sukhadA, vivarta Adi jainendra ke pramukha upanyAsa haiM / ina sabhI meM jo vizeSatA hameM dekhane ko milatI hai, vaha hai 'anta:saMgharSa' jisako ki unhoMne vibhinna pAtra khar3e kara apane kathAnakoM meM ubhArA hai / sunItA kI bhUmikA meM vaha svayaM likhate haiM-"isa vizva ke choTe se choTe khaNDa ko lekara hama apanA citra banA sakate haiM aura usameM satya ke darzana pA sakate haiM / usake dvArA hama satya ke darzana bhI karA sakate haiN|" aura sacamuca hI janendra ne apane pUre sAhitya meM apane prAsa-pAsa ke jIvana se hI apane upanyAsoM ke liye sAmagrI juTA lI hai aura zAyada unakI lokapriyatA kA sabase bar3A kAraNa yahI hai ki unakI kathA, unake pAtra, unakA citraNa kisI kAlpanika yA prAdarza saMsAra kA nahIM hai, varan hamArI nityaprati kI jIvana samasyAoM kA hai, hamArI hRdaya kI dhar3akanoM kA aura hamAre dila kI gaharAiyoM meM utarate car3hate bhAvoM aura vicAroM kA hai| upanyAsa hI nahIM, jainendra kI kahAniyoM meM bhI hameM unakI yahI vizeSatA parilakSita hotI hai| unake pramukha kahAnI-saMgraha haiM- 'phAMsI', 'vAtAyana', 'nIlama deza kI rAjakanyA', 'eka rAta', 'do cir3iyAM', 'pAjeba', 'jayasaMdhi' praadi| isake atirikta jainendra jI ke kaI nibaMdha-saMgraha bhI prakAzita ho cuke haiN| jainendra kA sampUrNa sAhitya kAla aura deza kI sImAoM se Upara uThakara vyakti meM samA gayA hai / vahI kendra bindu aura vahI preraNA kA sUtra bana kara raha gayA hai| jainendra jI svayaM likhate haiM- "dezakAla ke caukhaTe meM dekhI bhogI gaI ghaTanA apane ( 86 )

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jaimendra : vyaktitva zraura kRtitva Apa meM satya hai bhI to nahIM / vaha to anitya hai, kSaNika hai| isameM unameM pheraphAra kara dene se satya kI kSati nahIM hotI / " isIliye ve kisI samAja yA samUha kA citraNa nahIM karate. varan kevala vyakti aura vyakti kI manobhAvanAoM meM khokara raha gaye haiM / vyakti ko apane vyaktitva ke saMgharSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa jina paristhitiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai aura usa samaya jo usake mana kI vAstavika sthiti hotI hai, usI kA citraNa karane meM unhoMne apanI kalA ko nikhArA hai / isakA bahuta kucha kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki jainendra kI svayaM kI bhAvanA vyaktigata hai, ekAMtika hai / unhoMne svayaM una dukhoM, una kaThinAiyoM aura samasyAoM kA anubhava kiyA hai jo vyakti ke marma ko chatI haiM, aura eka mArmika vedanA aura tIvra saMgharSa antaHkaraNa meM vyApta kara detI hai / madhyavargIya paristhiti kisa prakAra nirAzA, kuThAjanya bhAvoM se grasita hai. kisa prakAra usake jIvana ko dukhamaya banA detI haiM, yahI anubhava unakI sabhI kRtiyoM meM ubhara kara zrAyA hai / aura saca pUchA jAye to unhoMne apane bhItara ke kuNThAbhAva ko bAhara nikAla pheMka, dila halakA karane aura grAtmapariSkAra ke nimitta hI sAhitya likhanA prArambha kiyA / ise ve svayaM hI spaSTa karate huye likhate haiM- "pahalA zreya mere sAhitya kA yaha huA ki usane merI rakSA kii| maiM bacakara usameM zaraNa le sakA, usane mujhe jilAyA / apane bhItara kI AtmaglAni, hIna bhAvanAe~ aura unameM lipaTI huI svapnAkAMkSA isa sabako kAgaja para nikAla kara jaise maiMne svAsthya kA lAbha kiyA / jo mere andara ghuTa rahA thA usI ko bAhara nikAlane kI paddhati se dekhA ki maiM usase mukti pA rahA hU~ / usake nIce na rahakara usake Upara grA rahA huuN| jo kamajorI thI, aura mujhe kamajora kara rahI thI, usI ko svIkAra karake aura rUpa aura grAkAra pahanAkara, maiM kamajora kyA, maz2abUta bana rahA hU~ / isa anubhava se maiM kahU~gA ki sAhitya kA pahalA zreya hai jIvana kA lAbha | apanI aMtaraMgatA kI svIkRti aura prApti, apane bhItara ke vigraha kI zAMti, ulabhana kI samApti aura vyaktitva kI uttarottara ekatritatA / " 60 sAhitya para lAgU hotA samAja yA rASTra nahIM / jo kucha mere pAsa rahA sacamuca hI jainendra kA uparokta kathana unake sAre hai | unake samasta upanyAsoM kA kendra bindu 'vyakti' hI hai, ve qadama qadama para apane pAThakoM ko spaSTa kara dete hai hai, bAhara ko dekhanA, buddhi kA vicAranA aura mana kA cAhanA saba kucha ghulamila gayA hai aura kisI eka anubhUti ke karaNa ke cAroM ora jur3a kara kahAnI kI racanA kara detA hai / " vAstava meM unake sabhI upanyAsoM kI kathAeM sUkSma haiM aura pAtra bhI ginecune hI haiN| unhoMne kathA kebala kathA kahane mAtra ke liye nahIM kahIM aura na hI kevala

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upanyAsakAra jainendra 6 1 kSaNika manoraMjana karA denA hI unake sAhitya kA uddezya hai, varan usameM jIvana kA saMdeza hai, eka uddezya hai, lakSya hai / unakA eka-eka pAtra hamAre sammukha eka uddezya lekara prAtA hai aura jainendra susaMgaThita evaM kramika kathAnoM ke bIca rUr3hiyoM aura prAdarzoM kA khaMDana karate huye jIvana ke nirantara aura vAstavika satya ko hamAre sammukha sthApita kara dete haiM / isakA yaha abhiprAya bhI nahIM hai ki unake upanyAsa kore cintana ke bojha se bojhila ho gaye haiM aura unameM koI rasa nahIM hai, kathA nahIM hai / nisandeha korI kathA kA vahA~ prabhAva hai, kintu vyakti kI mAnasika bhAvanAoM ke citraNa aura usake jIvana kI nitya prati kI samasyAoM ko lekara usane pAThakoM se eka apanatva sthApita kara liyA hai / vivAha, prema, strItva, puruSatva, hiMsA-ahiMsA aura ghara va bAhara kI nityaprati ke jIvana kI samasyAoMoM ko jainendra ne apane upanyAsoM kA viSaya banAyA hai aura una samasyAoM se pIr3ita aise pAtra khar3e kara diye haiM ki pAThaka ko lagatA hai jaise ki usake duHkha, usake sukha, usakI anubhUti aura usake dvadva ko hI lekhaka ne apanI kathA meM citrita kara diyA hai| aura vaha aura bhI utsukatA aura ruci se usameM kho jAtA hai apanI samasyAoM kA nidAna pAne ko, apane dukha ko halkA karane ko aura jIvana kI khuziyA~ baTorane aura naI va sahI rAha pAne ko / yU~ to lekhaka ke pratyeka upanyAsa meM hI kisI na kisI rUpa meM ina samasyAoM ko uThAyA gayA hai aura usakA nibandhana manovaijJAnika DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai, lekina 'sukhadA' lekhaka kI upanyAsa kalA kI ora ina samasyAoM ko mukharita karane ke kSetra meM pradhAna racanA kahI jA sakatI hai / udAharaNArtha hama yahA~ isI kI kathA lete haiMjainendra ke anya upanyAsoM kI taraha isa upanyAsa kI kathA bhI thor3I hai| bImAra kSayagrasta sukhadA aspatAla meM par3I apanI kahAnI svayaM kahatI hai / kathA isa prakAra hai / sukhadA eka sampanna gharAne meM lAr3oM meM palI lar3akI hai, jisakA ki vivAha usake pitA ke parivAra se kama stara vAle gharAne ke eka vyakti se hotA hai / prArambha meM kucha varSa pati ke prema aura praNaya meM mugdha ho dina bIta jAte haiM, kintu dhIre-dhIre jIvana kI vAstavikatAoM ke prati vibhinna dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa pati-patnI ke bIca vaimanasya bar3hatA jAtA hai| isI bIca eka aura ghaTanA ghaTa jAtI hai jisase ki sukhadA ke jIvana meM nayA parivartana A jAtA hai / gaMgAsiMha nAmadhArI eka yuvaka naukarI karane ke liye inake ghara AtA hai aura phira acAnaka hI eka dina kAma chor3a kara calA jAtA hai / sukhadA ko isa bIca usake kisI krAMtikArI dala se sambandhita hone ke sambaMdha meM saMzaya ho jAtA hai jo ki kucha dina bAda hI usake akhabAroM meM citra sahita samAcAroM se puSTa ho jAtA hai aura vaha vyakti giraphtAra kara liyA jAtA hai /

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62 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva sugvadA para isa ghaTanA kA itanA asara par3atA hai ki use ghara kA jIvana bilkula vakAra naz2ara Ane lagatA hai aura yahA~ taka ki pati kA jIvana bhI use arthahIna naz2ara AtA hai aura vaha sArvajanika jIvana meM praviSTa hone ke liye utAvalI ho jAtI hai aura bAhya kSetra meM kAma karake apane vyaktitva kA sikkA saba para jamA denA cAhatI hai| sukhadA ke hI mukha se ..... 'merA bhI apanA dAyarA banA aura phailA-jI meM thA ki dekha aura dikhAU~ ki maiM kyA ho sakatI haiM, ki maiM kyA haiM ghara kI dAsI jo strI bana sakatI hai, vaha maiM nahIM huuN|' aura dhIre-dhIre sukhadA ne bAhyajIvana meM apane paira jamA liye / vaha krAntikArI saMgha kI upAdhyakSA bana jAtI hai / sArvajanika sabhAoM meM khUba AnA-jAnA va bhASaNa Adi karanA bhI zurU kara detI hai| isI samaya yahA~ para usakA paricaya lAla se hotA hai aura barabasa hI vaha usake svataMtra aura prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva tathA rahasyAtmaka caritra ke prati AkarSita ho jAtI hai / sukhadA ke pati ko lAla pasanda nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha sukha dA ke mArga meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA upasthita nahIM karatA aura sukhadA aura lAla ke mArga se haTa jAtA hai / vaha sukhadA ko yaha kabhI anubhava nahIM hone detA ki vaha vivAhitA hone ke kAraNA lAla se prema nahIM kara sakatI aura vaha apanI sahRdayatA dikhAte hue use pUrNa svatatratA de detA hai / udhara lAla aura saMgha ke netA harIza meM jo ki sukhadA ke pati kA dosta bhI hai matavabhinya ho jAtA hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa harIza saMgha kA vighaTana kara detA hai| sukhadA eka bAra phira ghara lauTa jAtI hai, kintu phira ghara meM lar3AI-jhagar3e aura pati se na banane ke kAraNa kruddha ho jAtI hai aura apanI mAM ke pAsa calI jAtI hai / isa prakAra sukhadA kA samasta vAtAvaraNa nairAzya aura kuNThA kI bhAvanAoM se AkrAnta hai / yU to eka taraha se sukhadA meM krAMti kI kathA kA varNana huA hai, kiMtu krAnti kA gaurava koI vizeSa prakaTa nahIM hotA / hA~, sukhadA ke jIvana meM bAhya kSetra meM nikala par3ane kI jo vicAroM kI krAnti A jAtI hai aura jo kucha usa krAnti ke vazIbhUta ho vaha kara jAtI hai, usa dvandva kA citraNa bahuta hI svAbhAvika va saphala bana par3A hai| sukhadA Adhunika nArI kI aisI pratIka hai jo jIvana meM pratyeka kSetra meM Age bar3hanA cAhatI hai / apane vyaktitva ko vikasita karanA cAhatI hai| samAja meM pratiSThA pAnA cAhatI hai / apanA svataMtra, svacchanda aura mana pasanda jIvana vyatIta karanA cAhatI hai| usameM kisI prakAra kA hastakSepa nahIM cAhatI / kevala apanI hI jIta aura apanA hI yaza sarvatra vyApta karanA cAhatI hai / sukhadA bhI to kahatI hai- "maiM nahIM samajha sakatI ki usa kSaNa maiM kyA cAhatI thI? zAyada maiM jItanA cAhatI thii| hara kisI se jItanA cAhatI thii| kyA kahIM hAra kA bhAva bhI thA ki jIta kI cAha itanI pAvazyaka ho gaI thI-vaha saba kucha mujhe nahIM mAlUma, lekina durdama karttavya ke saMkalpa

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upanyAsakAra jainendra 63 mere mana meM sahasA cAroM ora se phUTa kara lahaka uThe / apanI paristhiti aura apanI niyati kI saba maryAdAoM aura bAdhAoM ko tor3a kara Upara calanA hogA, Upara, uupr| kucha mujhe roka na sakegA / aisA mAlUma hone lagA jaise jo hai saba tuccha hai, saba zanya hai, merI uddAmatA ke Age saba vivaza ho gayA hai / usa samaya mere svAmI, jar3ita aura cakita mujhe apadArtha laga pAye / ' dUsarI ora sukhadA nArI ke prAkRtika rUpa kI pratIka hai, jo ki apanA ghara cAhatI hai, usake bandhana cAhatI hai, patnItva cAhatI hai, gRhaNItva cAhatI hai, mAtRtva cAhatI hai, bAhara rahate huye bhI ghara ke bandhana cAhatI hai, svAmitva cAhatI hai / bandhanoM ko tor3a kara bhI usameM baMdhanA cAhatI hai / usakA pati AsAnI se use lAla se milane kI chUTa de detA hai / kisI bhI prakAra usakI pragati meM bAdhaka nahIM banatA, yaha bAta sukhadA ke nAro hRdaya ko bhAtI nahIM"svAmI ne pratirodha nahIM kiyaa| pratirodha unheM karanA cAhiye thaa| strI ko rAha denA, use na samajhanA hai / gati vaha utanI nahIM cAhatI jitanI svIkRti cAhatI hai| svIkRti meM dUsare kA apane para svatva zAyada sthAyitva bhI cAhatI hai| vaha na pAkara puruSa kI ora se nipaTa anumati AtI hai to isa para strI kA kSobha sImA lA~ca jAtA hai|" __ saca to yaha hai ki sukhadA meM Adhunika nArI ke hRdaya kA dvandva hai, jo baMdhanoM aura ghara ke sAtha-sAtha svacchandatA, svataMtratA, prema aura pratiSThA bhI cAhatI hai| isa prakAra sukhadA meM Adhunika nArI ke isa mAnasika dvandva kA citraNa bahuta sundara hamA hai / yaha svarUpa upanyAsa meM itanA nikharA hai ki usake sammukha usake anya rUpa phIke se hI dikhAI dete haiM aura yaha isa prakAra jahA~ 'sukhadA' eka ora nArI ke bAhyakSetra kI kahAnI kahatI hai, vahA~ usake ghara ke janma-janma ke lagAva kI bhAvanA ko surakSita rakha letI hai| bhAratIya nArI ke patnItva-gRhaNItva aura mAtRtva ke Adarza ko sthApita kara detI hai, unakA eka sthAna nizcita kara detI hai / yahI kyoM, sukhadA yaha satya bhI sthApita kara detI hai ki nArI cAhe kitane hI bandhanoM ko tor3a kara ghara se bAhara A jAye, cAhe vaha kitanI hI pratiSThA aura svataMtratA kyoM na pA le, kintu usakA vAstavika sukha use ghara meM hI mila sakegA / usase dUra jAkara vaha bhale hI sAre saMsAra ko jIta le, bhale hI duniyA bhara kI svataMtratA, yaza aura pratiSThA pA le, kintu apane ko, apanI bhAvanAoM ko, vaha nahIM jIta sktii| vaha usa pyAra, apanatva aura nArItva ke binA mana kA caina nahIM pA sktii| nArI kI yahI samasyA 'sunItA' aura 'vivarta' kI kathA meM citrita kI gaI hai / sunItA meM bhI ghara aura bAhara ke saMgharSa meM ghara kI vijaya dikhAI gaI hai / 'vivattaM' meM yU to lekhaka ne hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke prazna ko hI pramukha rUpa se uThAyA hai, kintu sukhadA kI bhA~ti isameM bhI ghara aura bAhara kA

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hen jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitya saMgharSa A gayA hai / isa prakAra yahA~ eka ora jahA~ prema kI hiMsA bhAva para vijaya dikhAI gaI hai, vahA~ nArI kI sArthakatA usake ghara meM hI hai, isa bAta kI bhI puSTi kara dI gaI hai | 'tyAgapatra' aura 'kalyANI' meM lekhaka ne nArI jIvana kI aneka samasyAoM ko ubhArA hai / 'parakha' meM jo ki jainendra jI kA prathama upanyAsa hai, vaidhavya aura prema ke prazna ko uThAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra upanyAsakAra jainendra ne jIvana kI vibhinna samasyAoM aura anubhUtiyoM ko hI manovaijJAnika kasauTI para kasakara apane upanyAsoM meM ubhArA hai| jainendra ke adhikAMza pAtra vyaktivAdI haiM, kyoMki unake upanyAsa caritra - pradhAna haiM / jIvana meM Aja kitanI nirAzA hai, vyakti kitanA aprasanna hai, kitanA duHkhI hai / kisa prakAra samAja kI paramparAgata mAnyatAe~ usake vikAsa meM bAdhaka haiM, jainendra ne apane pAtroM ke mAnasika uthala-puthala ko lekhanI-baddha kara spaSTa kara diyA hai / inake adhikAMza nArI aura puruSa pAtra vivAdagrasta va asahAya avasthA meM citrita kiye gaye haiM jisase ki duHkhI hokara vaha saMsAra se hI virakta ho jAte haiM / mRNAla apane jIvana kI apAra vyathA ko liye huye hI isa saMsAra se sadA ke liye kUca kara jAtI hai / sukhadA kSayaroga se pIr3ita ho aspatAla meM dikhAI detI hai aura kalyANI to apanI vedanA ke kAraNa sadA-sadA ke liye hI mUka hokara raha jAtI hai / unake hara pAtra jIvana ke prati ghora nirAzA kA bhAva citrita hotA hai / hariprasanna sunItA se aprasanna hokara palAyana kA patha pakar3atA hai aura sara ema0 e0 dayAla jajI se tyAgapatra de sAdhu bana jAtA hai / sukhadA meM jainendra ke nArI pAtroM ke samAna karuNA kI apekSA hamanyatA adhika hai, jisake kAraNa ki vaha pati ke sAtha bhI nahIM raha sakatI, kintu bAda meM vaha hI pazcAttApa kI gragni meM jalatI hai, jisase ki usakA caritra aura bhI nikhara prAyA hai / sukhadA meM yadi 'ahaMbhAvanA' pradhAna hai to pati meM samarpaNa / donoM ke do virodhI svarUpoM ko jainendra jI ne saphalatA pUrvaka citrita kiyA hai / usake pati ke ye zabda pAThaka ke hRdaya ko chUte haiM aura usake hRdaya kI vizAlatA ko parilakSita karate haiM ki vaha vivAha ko eka bandhana nahIM mAnatA - "tumhArA mujhase vivAha huA hai, haraNa nahIM / vivAha meM jo diyA jAtA hai, vahI AtA hai / parAdhInatA kisI ora nahIM prAtI / suno, sukhadA ! svataMtratA tumhArI apanI hai aura kahIM Ane-jAne meM mere syAla se roka-Toka kI bhAvanA mujha para Aropa DAlanA hai / mujhase pUcho to tumheM apane meM pratirodha lAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / " usakI isa abhivyakti se ina vicAroM se hameM lekhaka ke vistRta dRSTikoNa kA AbhAsa milatA hai jo ki nizcaya hI Adhunika yuga ke anukUla hai / unhoMne apane

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upanyAsakAra jainendra sabhI pAtroM ko sampUrNa sahAnubhUti ke sAtha citrita kiyA hai / zreSTha yA asad pAtra meM unhoMne koI antara nahIM rakhA hai / vaha svayaM kahate haiM- "sabhI pAtroM ko maiMne apane hRdaya kI sahAnubhUti dI hai / jahA~ para yaha nahIM kara pAyA hU~, usI sthAna para samajhatA hU~, maiM cUkA hU~ / duniyA~ meM kauna hai jo burA honA cAhatA hai, aura kauna hai jo burA nahIM hai, acchA hI acchA hai / na koI devatA hai, na pazu / saba AdamI hI haiM, devatA se kama hI aura pazu se Upara hI / isa taraha kise apanI sahAnubhUti dene se inkAra kara diyA jaaye|" sacamuca hI eka zreSTha upanyAsa kI taraha unhoMne apane sabhI pAtroM ko samAna sahAnubhUti dI hai aura sarvatra isa dRSTikoNa ko apanAyA hai / prAyaH unake sabhI pAtra eka hI stara kI bhASA kA prayoga karate dikhAI dete haiM / vahI choTe-choTe vAkya, aTUTa pravAha aura bahatA rasa, sarasa aura sarala vAkyoM meM guthI susaMgaThita kathA ko kahate unake pAtra dikhAI dete haiN| mAdhurya, proja aura prasAda tInoM hI guNoM meM unakI zailI maMDita hai / bhASA to sarvatra hI sarala aura bhAvAnukula hai / jainendra ne apane upanyAsoM kI bhASA ko deza-videza kI sImita zRMkhalAoM meM bhI baMdhane nahIM diyA hai / jaisI aAvazyakatA par3I, vaisI hI bhASA kA prayoga kara liyA / baMgAlI, urdU aura aMgrejI ke pracalita zabdoM kA prayoga bhI unhoMne pAtrAnukUla kara diyA hai / yahI nahIM, cintanazIla pAtroM ke citraNa meM gambhIra zailI kA prayoga karake bhI unhoMne svAbhAvikatA lAne kI ceSTA kI hai| apanI rocaka zailI aura subodha bhASA se hI unhoMne gambhIra viSayoM ko bhI sarala banA diyA hai| bhASA kI taraha jainendra ne rocaka, uddezyapUrNa, sarasa evaM sarala kathopakathanoM kA prayoga apane upanyAsoM meM kiyA hai| kathA ko Age bar3hAne meM vaha sarvathA sahAyaka hote haiM aura pAtroM ke caritra ko citrita karane meM sahAyaka hote haiM / yahI kyoM, kathopakathana meM nATakIyatA kA tatva bhI unake pratyeka upanyAsa meM dekhane ko milatA hai / kathAvinyAsa kI dRSTi se jainendra ke upanyAsa yadi dekhe jAyeM to saba taraha se pUre utarate haiM aura yadi yaha kahA jAye ki mAnava mana ke citraNa meM unhoMne jo saphalatA prApta kI hai, vaha anya kisI upanyAsakAra ne nahIM, to kucha anucita na hogaa| hA~, pAtroM meM atyadhika pIr3A, duHkha, kSobha aura vairAgya kI bhAvanA citrita karane se AlocakoM ne jainendra hI para sAhitya meM nairAzya kA pratipAdana karane kA doSa lagAyA hai| yahI nahIM, unake pAtroM ke saMsAra se virakti ke bhAva ko lekara bhI una para palAyanavAditA kA doSa mar3hA jAtA hai, kintu vAstava meM yaha AkSepa ucita nhiiN| mAnasika jagata ke jina dvandvoM kA citraNa jainendra ne kiyA hai, vaha vAstavika yathArtha hai aura

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66 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ina AkSepoM kA ki jainendra ne apane upanyAsoM meM vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana ke yathArtha ko citrita kiyA hai, yathArtha hamezA kaTu hotA hai, kaSTa dene vAlA hotA hai aura mAnasika dharAtala kA nairAzya to usI samaya hotA hai, jabaki vyakti ko apane lakSya kI prApti na ho, kintu unakA vyakti usase niSkriya to nahIM hotA / vaha nirantara zrAge bar3hane kI koziza karatA hai / aura phira, jainendra to paramAtmA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM, niyativAdI haiM, samAja hI rUr3hiyoM ke prati vidroha dikhAne ke liye hI vaha agara pramoda jaise pAtroM se jajI se tyAgapatra dilavA dete haiM to isako hama palAyanavAditA nahIM, varan samAja ke prati vidroha, usakI rUr3hiyoM ke prati eka AvAja kaha sakate haiM / hA~, pratyeka upanyAsakAra kI zrabhivyakti kA apanA alaga eka rUpa hotA hai, DhaMga hotA hai aura jainendra ne agara bhAvAtmaka saMsAra ko lekara usake DhaMga meM hI apane mata kI abhivyakti kI to usa para prakSepa kA savAla hI nahIM uThatA /

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DAkTara rAmacaraNa mahendra kahAnIkAra jainendra prasAda saMsthAna ke kahAnIkAroM meM zrI jainendrakumAra vizeSa ullekhanIya aura sAhityika dRSTi se sarvAdhika sazakta hindI kahAnIkAra haiM, jinhoMne yatheSTa lokapriyatA prApta kI hai tathA jo vizeSa adhyayana kI vastu mAne gaye haiM / jainendra jI kI kahAniyoM meM kathAnaka kA saundarya nahIM hai / ve sAdhAraNa stara ke pAThakoM kA UparI manoraMjana mAtra nahIM karate / kevala dilacaspI mAtra ke lie unhoMne kahAniyA~ nahIM likhI haiM / ve mUlataH eka vicAraka haiM / unameM maulika vicAroM tathA navIna rIti se cintana kA mahatva hai / pratyeka racanA meM kisI anubhUti kI koI mArmika coTa hotI hai / unakI sRSTi maulika cintana kI gaharAI se nikalatI hai / ve vicAra pUrNa haiM | eka Alocaka ke zabdoM meM, "mAnava-jIvana aura mAnava mana ko lekara jaba ve vicArate haiM yA unake vaicArika bhaMvara meM jIvana zraura mana phaMsAte haiM - yaha kahanA kaThina hai, kyoMki jIvana meM ghaTanAe~ ghaTatI rahatI haiM aura mana meM tadanurUpa alpa yA adhika parimANa meM unakI pratikriyAe~ bhI hotI rahatI haiM, kintu jainendra ke vicArapravAha meM ghaTanAoM kA AghAta utanA tIvra nahIM hai, jitanA mana kI pratikriyAoM kA / isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki ghaTanAoM ke pahale bhI unakA vicAra krama jArI rahatA haira pIche bhI / hA~, ghaTanAoM ke samparka se cintana kI gati kucha tIvra ho jAtI hai / jainendra ke pAtra unake vicAra- prasUta lagate haiM / pAtroM kI sRSTi ke bAda unakI caritra-vicitratA aura vizeSatA ke kAraNa koI vicAra sUtra nikalatA ho -- isakA bahuta kama prabhAsa hotA hai / " jainendra kI kahAniyoM meM bauddhika aura dArzanika tattvoM kI pradhAnatA hai / manovijJAna unakI AdhAra zilA hai / ina cintana aura dArzanika tattvoM para hI jainendra kahAniyA~ likhate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI kahAnI ke kSa etra meM jainendra jI pahalI bAra Aye the, to eka krAntikArI ke rUpa meM unakA svAgata huA thA / yaha nUtana dizA kI ora eka prayoga thA / jainendra jI ne apane dArzanika vyaktitva kA paricaya "eka rAta" kI bhUmikA meM pRSTha 4 para ina zabdoM meM diyA hai- "maiM kisI aise vyakti ko nahIM jAnatA jo mAtra laukika ho, jo sampUrNatA ( 67 )

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18 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva se zArIrika dharAtala para hI rahatA ho / sabake bhItara hRdaya hai, jo sapane dekhatA hai / sabake bhItara prAtmA hai jo jAgatI rahatI hai, jise zAstra chUtA nahIM hai, Aga jalAtI nahIM hai / sabake bhItara vaha hai, jo alaukika hai / maiM vaha sthala nahIM jAnatA, jahA~ alaukika na ho / jahA~ vaha kaNa hai, jahA~ paramAtmA kA nivAsa nahIM hai ? isalie Alocaka se maiM kahatA hU~ ki jo alaukika hai, yaha bhI kahAnI tumhArI hI hai, tumase alaga nahIM hai / roja ke jIvana meM kAma Ane vAlI, tumhArI jAnIpahacAnI cIjoM kA aura vyaktiyoM kA havAlA nahIM hai, to kyA una kahAniyoM meM to vaha alaukika hai, jo tumhAre bhItara adhika tahoM meM baiThA hai| jo aura bhI ghaniSTa aura nitya rUpa meM tumhArA apanA hai|" uparyukta udAharaNa se jainendra ke samagra sAhitya kI mUla preraNA ke AdhArabhUta tattvoM para prakAza par3atA hai / unakA vyaktitva gahana gambhIra dArzanikoM jaisA hai| kahAnI ke mAdhyama meM bhI unakI manovaijJAnikatA aura dArzanikatA ke aneka tattva pUrI taraha phaile rahate haiM / dharma, nIti aura jJAna ke niSkarSa unakI kahAniyoM se anAyAsa hI nikAle jA sakate haiN| kahIM-kahIM to unakA yaha dArzanika rUpa itanA spaSTa ho gayA hai ki manoraMjakatA aura rocakatA taka ko hAni pahu~cI hai| pro. premacanda ke zabdoM meM yaha kahanA ucita hI hai ki "manovijJAna kI dRSTi se jainendra para prAdhyAtmavAdI raMga adhika car3hA huA hai, jabaki ajJeya jI para phAyaDa kA / damI se eka ne jIvana ko karma ke Aloka meM dekhA hai, dUsare ne kAma ke darpaNa meM; eka ne prAtmA kI bhUkha ko liyA hai, dUsare ne zarIra kI tRSNA ko / jainendra-skUla ke kahAnIkAroM ne nArI ko bhI usakI aAntarika samasyAoM ke bIca se uThAyA hai / prasAda ne nArI ke bhavya aura Adarza rUpa ko prastuta kiyA to inhoMne usake abhAva-grasta prapIr3ita antara ko / bhAratIya rUr3higrasta paramparAoM kI zrRMkhalA se jakar3I huI nArI kI prAtmA unameM karAha uThI hai, para jahA~ "ajJeya" bhAratIya nArI ke vidrohI rUpa ko dekhanA cAhate haiM, vahA~ jainendra kevala sahAnubhUti ke aMcala se usake A~sU bhara poMchanA cAhate haiM / bhagavatIcaraNa varmA nArI ke paravaza rUpa ko hI adhika prastuta kara sake haiM / apanI kahAniyoM meM jahA~ bhagavatIbAba cintana prasUta vyaMgakAra adhika haiM. vahA~, "ajJeya' cintanazIla ahaMvAdI tathA jainendrakumAra cintanapradhAna bhAvuka haiN| __ apanI cintanazIla bhAvukatA ke kAraNa hI jainendra jana sAdhAraNa taka utane vyApaka rUpa meM nahIM pahu~ca pAye, jitane ki premacanda / vicAra-pradhAnatA ke kAraNa jainendra kisI zilpa-vidhAna kI cintA nahIM kara sake, para unakI zilpa vihInatA hI unakI kahAniyoM kA sabase bar3A apanApana hai, unakI kalA hInatA kI sabase bar3I

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kahAnIkAra jainendra kalA hai / manoraMjana nahIM, vicAroM kA utpreraNa hI unakA sabase bar3A lakSya hai|" caritra-citraNa kI gaharAI aura vicAra pradhAnatA jainendra kI kahAniyoM kI do pramukha vizeSatAe~ haiM / ve apanI kahAnI ke DhA~ce meM maulika vicAra bhara dete hai| udAharaNa ke lie unakI kucha kahAniyA~ le lIjie / "tatsata", "vaha becArA", "lAla sarovara", "nIlama deza kI rAja kanyA" Adi kahAniyoM me sarvatra vicAra bojhilatA hai / apratyakSa rUpa se ina kahAniyoM meM ve eka dArzanika ke rUpa meM ubhara kara pAye haiM / isI prakAra 'ghugharU", "bhAbhI", "vyAha", "vismRti", "parAvartana", 'sambodhana' ityAdi praNaya tathA vivAha viSayoM kI kahAniyA~ hote hue bhI maulika dRSTikoNa tathA tAttvika gaharAI meM apUrva haiM / ye racanAe~ caritra aura vAtAvaraNa ke mela se pAThaka para eka saphala vicArAtmaka nibandha kA-sA amiTa prabhAva chor3a jAtI haiN| unake caritroM kI eka vizeSatA hai unakI ahNvaaditaa| jainendra svayaM eka ahaMvAdI kalAkAra haiM / isalie unakI yaha cAritrika vizeSatA unake caritroM meM jahA~tahA~ milatI hai / aneka caritroM meM ahaMvAditA itane aDiga rUpa meM AtI hai ki pezevara aurateM bhI, jo rUpa yauvana kI khulI dukAna lagAtI haiM, vyakti vizeSa kI mA~ga ke prati itanA sabala pratirodha karatI haiM ki pAThaka sanna raha jAtA hai| jainendra kI kalA kA uddezya kyA hai ? jovana ko badalane ke lie koI preraNA unake pAsa nahIM hai / / "kalA Izvara ke lie" yaha unakA nArA hai| unakA upanyAsa 'sukhadA" samagra Adarza kI ora eka sazakta saketa hai / jIvana aura jagata kI dArzanika samasyAoM para sahaja aura maulika vivecana unhoMne diyA hai| dina-rAta ke jIvana aura samAja meM uTane vAle gUr3ha-gahana praznoM kA jisa kuzalatA se unhoMne samAdhAna kiyA hai, vaha dekhate hI banatA hai / sAmAjika aura vyaktigata samasyAoM ke anta meM unhoMne Izvara ko rakha diyA hai| isalie unakI samasyAoM kA nidAna aspaSTa aura rahasyamaya-sA ho gayA hai| manaHstava vizleSaNa pradhAna kahAniyoM ke prathama lekhaka ve hI haiN| unhoMne caritra-citraNa meM manovijJAna kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai / phrAyaDa aura eDalara ke yauna manovijJAna aura mAnasopacAra ke tatvoM ko lekara ve kahIM-kahIM khilavAr3a se karate pratIta hote haiN| vahA~ ve sataha para hI raha jAte haiM / "sAdhu kI haTha", "ka:panthA", "calitacitta", "vaha anubhava" ityAdi unakI isa prakAra kI maulika kahAniyA~ haiM / inameM yauna jIvana kA bhI citraNa hai / unakI kucha kahAniyA~ pratIka zailI meM likhI gaI haiM, jaise ' tatsata", "vaha vecArA", "lAla sarovara" ityAdi / inameM unakA jIvana kA anubhava, svatantra aura maulika cintana, vicAra-rasa pUre sauSThava para pAyA jAtA hai| unakA kayA-sAhitya udAtta mAnavIya satyoM se paripUrNa hai| - - -

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zrImatI mohinI obarAya jainendra jI ke kathA-sAhitya meM nArI bhAvanA itihAsa ke panne palaTate-palaTate socatI hU~, nArI kI vyAkhyA bhI pratyeka kAla meM badalatI rahI hai / kisI ne nArI ko kevala jananI ke rUpa meM pratiSThA dI hai aura kisI ne use jIvana kA preraNA-srota hI mAna kara chor3a diyA hai / phira kucha aise vyAkhyAkAra bhI sAmane Aye, jinake liye nArI madirA ke eka pyAle se jyAdA aura kucha na thI / samaya ke sAtha-sAtha dhAraNAe~ bhI badalatI gaI / vaidika kAla kI nArI kA svatantra vyaktitva jahA~ dhIre-dhIre bAda meM eka saMkucita dAyare meM banda ho gayA thA, vaha kucha antarAla ke bAda punaH usa dAyare se bAhara Ane kA prayAsa karane lagA / nArI apanI khoyI svataMtratA ko phira se pAne ke liye tar3apa uThI aura use svatantratA milI bhI, lekina isa svatantratA ne usake vyaktitva ke kaI pakSoM ko samAja ke sAmane prastuta kiyA, jinakA nirUpaNa vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se kiyA gayA / pUrva adhikAra prApta bandhanayukta nArI kA svAgata bhI bhinna-bhinna tarIke se huaa| kArya-kSetra meM vyasta kAryazIla nArI kA vyaktitva kucha aura taraha se ubhara kara samAja ke sAmane AyA aura dUsarI ora ciraparicita bhAratIya gRhaNI bhI vicArakoM aura cintanazIla vyaktiyoM kI dRSTi se upekSita na rhii| yaha sahI hai ki kAryazIla nArI aura bhAratIya paramparA kA anusaraNa karane vAlI kevala mAtra gRharaNA bhAratIya nArI ke do alaga vyaktitvoM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, parantu nArI mUlataH nArI hI rahatI hai, cAhe vaha ucca zikSA prApta DAkTara hai yA koI sarakArI aphasara hai yA cAhe vaha pA~cavI pAsa eka sAdhAraNa patnI hI hai / usakI bhAvanAtmaka AvazyakatAoM aura mamatA, sneha evaM tyAga kI usakI mUlabhUta pravRttiyoM meM kahIM kucha parivartana nahIM hotA / yadi hameM kahI kisI eka vizeSa caritra meM kucha vikAra dRSTigocara hotA hai to usake kucha kAraNa hote haiM, jisake liye hama pathabhraSTa nArI ko doSI ThaharAne ke adhikArI nahIM, balki hameM to una kAraNoM se ghRNA karanI hai aura unake nirAkaraNa kA koI upAya socanA hai, jinakI vajaha se kisI ko pathabhraSTa honA par3atA hai| aise meM hameM sahaja hI meM isa kathana kA smaraNa ho AtA hai / "pApI se nahIM, pApa se ghRNA karo / " jainendra jI kA kathA-sAhitya hameM isa kathana kI satyatA se to paricita karAtA ( 100)

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janendra jI ke kathA sAhitya meM nArI bhAvanA 101 hI hai, para isake atirikta hameM nArI ke usa zuddha rUpa ke bhI darzana karAtA hai, jahA~ kahIM to hama zraddhA se nata ho jAte haiM aura kahIM karuNA aura dayA se abhibhUta ho jAte haiM / aise lagatA hai jaise nArI mAtra kI pIr3A aura yAtanA jainendra jI ko bar3e gahare kahIM chU gaI ho / ] "tyAga-patra" meM mRNAla ke bhUtiyoM ko par3ha kara mana sahAnubhUti svayaM kisI pIr3A meM DUbA huA hai / prati unakI kAruNika aura saMvedanazIla anume bhara uThatA hai / mRNAla kA eka-eka zabda mAnoM "lekina sahAyatA kA hAtha dekara kyA mujhe yahA~ se uThAkara U~ce varga meM jA biThAne kI icchA hai / to bhAI, mujhe mApha kara do, vaisI merI abhilASA nahIM hai / sahAyatA mujhe isaliye cAhiye ki merA mana pakkA hotA rahe ki koI mujhe kucale to bhI maiM kucalI na jAU aura itanI jIvita rahU~ ki usake pApa ke bojha ko bhI le lU aura sabake lie kSamA kI prArthanA karU~ / pratiSThA mujhe kyoM cAhie mujhe to jo milatA hai. usI ke bhItara sAntvanA pAne kI zakti cAhiye / " [ jainendra jI ne jahA~ kahIM bhI apanI nAyikAoM kA citraNa patitA kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai vahA~ saba kucha saha lene ke bAda bhI unakI nAyikA dUdha kI dhulI huI nArI kI bhA~ti nikhara kara sAmane grA jAtI hai ] z2arA batAiye to mRNAla jaba svayaM hI apane ko doSI batA rahI hai to Apa aura kyA kaha kara usakA apamAna karanA cAheMge, para kyA usake eka-eka zabda meM zrApako anyAya kI dhAra para bali de dI gaI nArI ke darzana nahIM hote ? kyA ApakA mana saMvedanA se nahIM bhara uThatA / lekina use patitA jAnate hue aura mAnate huye bhI to hama usase ghRNA nahIM kara pAte aura kara bhI kaise sakate hai ? mRNAla ko suniye / ] " phira jinako sAtha lekara pati ko chor3a prAyI hU~, unako maiM chor3a dU~ ? unhoMne mere lie kyA nahI tyAgA ? unakI karuNA para maiM bacI huuN| maiM mara bhI sakatI thI, lekina maiM nahIM marI, marane ko adharma jAnakara hI maiM marane se baca gaI / kisake sahAre maiM usa mRtyu ke adharma se bacI ? jinake sahAre maiM bacI, unhIM ko chor3a dene ko mujhase kahate ho ? maiM nahIM chor3a sakatI / pApinI ho sakatI hU~, para usake Upara kyA prakRtajJa bhI banU~ ?" (jainendra jI kI lekhanI meM apane nArI pAtroM ke prati apAra sahAnubhUti hai / unake sAhitya meM hameM nArI ke prAyaH pratyeka rUpa ke darzana hote haiM ] vaha hara caritra kA usake apane guNoM-avaguNoM sahita vizada vizleSaNa to kara hI dete haiM, para kahIM bhI pAThaka ko yaha nahIM bhUlane dete ki nArI mUlabhUta rUpa se nArI hI hai / vaha mamatA aura komalatA

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102 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kA agAdha sAgara hai / usake ina guNoM ko kahIM bhI prAsAnI se naSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / lagatA hai nArI ko eka "kariyarisTa'' ke rUpa meM dekhane ko jainendra jI itane utsAhazIla nahIM / zAyada unheM bhaya hai ki yaha rUpa unakI bhAratIya nArI kI pratimA ke anukUla nahIM / pArivArika zAnti aura surakSA ke liye "kariyara" eka bAdhA ke rUpa meM upasthita ho sakatA hai / "kalyANI" meM apane udgAroM ko vaha mukta abhivyakti de pAye haiN| "isa sabhyatA meM striyAM apane ko cAhatI haiM, marda apane ko cAhate hai aura donoM apane liye dUsare ko istemAla karanA cAhate haiM / isase manuSya ko tarakkI milegI? khAka milegI, isase dhvaMsa pAsa pAyegA, yaha to chInA-jhapaTI aura nocakhasoTa hai, isameM unnati kahA~ rakhI hai, mauta hAM, yaha jarUra baiThI hai|" bhAratIya nArI ko cAhe kitanI bhI ucca zikSA kyoM na prApta ho aura cAhe videza bhI kyoM na ghUma AI ho, lekina apane jAtigati mUla guNoM kI avahelanA karane kI zavita usa meM nahIM honI cAhie / lagatA hai jainendra jI ko apanI yaha mAnyatA kAphI priya hai / ) ____ kalyANI videzI DigrI prApta DAkTara hai to kyA, para usameM bhI bhAratIyatA ke prati moha hai / para jAne kyoM, usake zabdoM meM jaba hama usakI ina bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti pAte haiM to kucha bar3A ajIba-sA lagatA hai, jaise kucha apratyAzita bAta ho / "patnItva ko dAsatA kahate ho ? hA~ hai vaha dAsatA, lekina sAdhanA bhI vahI hai ....vahI usakA dharma hai| usakA alaga svataMtra kucha na rahe, saba pati meM kho jaae| pati vyakti nahIM hai, vaha pratIka hai, isase satI ko yaha socane kA adhikAra nahIM hai ki pati sadoSa hai / ho sakatA hai vaha apaMga ho, vikalAMga ho, jaisA ho pati pati hI hai| pati devatA hai| hindU zAstra saca kahate haiM, striyA~ yaha kaha kara ki ve zAstra puruSoM ke banAye hue haiM apane ko svadharma pAlana se nahIM bavA sktiiN| kyA ve strItva kI viDaMbanA cAhatI haiN|' mRNAla ke prati mana jisa karuNA se bhara uThatA hai, vaisI karuNA kalyANI ke prati nahIM upajatI / aise lagatA hai jaise itane jJAnArjana ke bAda bhI vaha miTTI kI mUrti ho| gRNAla kA vyaktitva jisa anyAya ke viruddha vidroha karake nikhara uThatA hai, kalyANI dvArA usI ko mUka bhAva se sahate jAnA, eka taraha kA apavAda-sA lagatA hai| "vyatIta' meM candrI kA ugra rUpa jahA~ mana ko chUtA hai, vahA~ anitA kA tyAga koI itanI bar3I dilAsA nahIM detA, lekina inameM kahIM koI jaTilatA nhiiN|

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jainendra jI ke kathA-sAhitya meM nArI bhAvanA 103 " nizcaya hai ki nArI ke hRdaya kA sUtra sIdhA hI hai usakI nAnA bhaMgimA aura vyaMjanA ke nIce kahIM vizeSa jaTilatA nahIM hai / lekina vaha sUtra hAtha kaba prAtA hai ? isase puruSa ke bhAgya kI taraha strI ke caritra ko atarksa mAna liyA jAtA hai / tarka usameM hai, para strI kA satItva isI se tarka-hIna sA lagatA hai / " [jainendrajI ne nArI ko prema kA pratIka mAnA hai / usake prema meM agAdha zakti hai aura vaha apane prema se puruSa ko bA~dha letI hai / usakA prema pavitra hotA hai aura ise jainendra jI ne kahIM bhI vikRta nahIM hone diyA / use sImAtroM se bA~dhe rakhA hai / unakI laghukathAoM meM 'pramilA' kI nAyikA kucha nayA kadama uThAne kI cAha rakhane para bhI kucha nayA kadama nahI uThA pAtI, use jaldI hI apanI sImA kA bodha ho jAtA hai / prazna hai jainendra jI kI dRSTi meM Adarza nAritva kyA hai aura isakA uttara vaha svayaM dete haiM--] " eka vastu hai rUpa para strI ke Adarza ke sAtha rUpa kA koI sambandha mujhe nahIM dIkhatA, para strI hI adhikatara yaha nahIM jAna pAtI, isase vaha ThagI jAtI hai / rUpa vaha jo aMga se chalakatA hai, amala meM prakRti kI ora kA eka chala hai / mAtRtva eka dAyitva hai aura strI ko vaha rUpa ke vyAja se hI milatA hai / rUpa usakA svarUpa nahIM hai / strI kA svarUpa hai satItva aura mAtRtva / jo usa svarUpa ko nahIM apanAtI, rUpa bhI usakA vyaMga banatA hai / vaha usake jIvana meM nahIM ghulatA aura use sundara nahIM banAtA / jo vayaska hokara navInA dIkhanA cAhatI hai, mAtA banakara bhI premikA banane kA prayAsa karatI hai, vaha strItva kI zobhA nahIM, kahalAtI, usase ulTe jugupsA hotI hai / prAdarza ke liye strI ke liye pahalI AvazyakatA hai ki vaha Izvara se apanI sArthakatA dekhane kI haTha na rakhe / puruSa ke pauruSa kI spardhA meM na par3e | balki use usI rUpa meM apane meM dhAraNa kara kRtArthatA ke artha ko spaSTa kara de / kairirijma meM puruSa kI hor3a hai / satItva meM puruSa se yoga aura sahayoga hai / dUsarI koI svatantratA strI ke liye bhrama hai / grArthika jaisI kisI svatantratA meM se vaha apane ko sArthaka nahIM pA sakatI / grahiNI dharma meM hI usakI samucita paritRpti hai / " nArI ke prAdarza ke rUpa meM jainendra jI kI satItva vAlI bAta to sahI hai aura vaha acchI bhI lagatI hai, para na jAne kyoM 'kairirijma' ke prati unakI udAsInatA kucha samajha meM nahIM grAtI / nArI ke prati unakI sahAnubhUti aura mamatA isa virodha ke sAtha kucha mela nahIM khAtI / Adhunika nArI kA 'kairirijma' sivAya apane pairoM para

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104 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva khar3e hone kI bhAvanA ke aura kucha nahIM hai / mRNAla jaisI pArivArika paristhitiyoM Aja bhI kaI mahilAoM kI ho sakatI haiM / yadi samaya-kusamaya, vipatti kAla meM vaha apanI sahAyatA svayaM karane meM sakSama hai aura sammAnapUrvaka apanI AjIvikA kamAne yogya haiM to kisI pAr3e samaya vaha mRNAla kI bhA~ti kisI 'koyale vAle' ke sAtha rahane para kadApi majabUra nahIM hoNgii| maiM socatI hU~ eka 'kairirisTa' apane kartavyoM aura dAyitvoM ke prati adhika sajaga hotI hai aura isIliye usameM satItva ke prati moha jyAdA hI honA cAhiye, kama nhiiN| kAryazIla striyoM kA kAryakSetra kAphI vistRta ho gayA hai aura isa kArya-kSetra meM kizoriyA~ haiM, yuvatiyA~ haiM, praur3ha mahilAeM haiM jo patniyA~ haiM aura mAtAeM bhI / samaya pAkara ye kizoriyA~ aura yuvatiyA~ bhI grahasthAzrama meM praveza kareMgI aura Aja hara kAryazIla lar3akI kI yaha dhAraNA hI nahIM, balki vizvAsa bhI hai ki vaha apane kArya-kSetra meM to saphala ho hI sakatI hai, para isake atirikta vaha eka saphala patnI, gRhiNI aura mAtA banane ke bhI pUrNataH sakSama hai / aura hameM pUrNataH vizvAsa hai ki jainendra jI apane saMvedanazIla dRSTikoNa se AdhunikAyoM ke naye prayAsa ko, jisake dvArA vaha ghara aura kAryakSetra, donoM kA dAyitva sambhAlane meM apane ko sakSama samajhatI haiM, apanA samarthana deNge|

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DAkTara surezacandra gupta jainendra jI kI nibandha-zailI vartamAna yuga meM hindI-nibandha ko vikAsamAna karane vAle sAhityakAroM meM jainendra jI kA anyatama sthAna hai| unhoMne samAja, dharma, darzanazAstra, manovijJAna, sAhitya Adi kI vividha samasyA ko lekara zatAdhika utkRSTa nibandhoM kI racanA kI hai| isa dRSTi se unake 'manthana', 'soca-vicAra', 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya' Adi nibandha-saMgraha vizeSataH ullekhya haiM / unakA aprakAzita nibandha-sAhitya bhI paryApta samRddha hai / vivecana kI suvidhA ke liye prastuta lekha meM uparyukta kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para hI unakI nibandha-zailI kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| ukta zailI se hamArA abhiprAya bhASA aura zailI-sambandhI samIkSA se hai, nibandhagata vastu-tattva kI vividhatA se nhiiN| nibandha kA svarUpa "nibandha' zabda kI racanA 'bandha' dhAtu meM 'ni' upasarga ke prayoga se haI hai| 'ni' kA prayoga saMjJA, kriyA Adi ke pUrva vizeSatA ke dyotana ke liye kiyA jAtA hai aura 'bandha' kA artha bA~dhanA, vyavasthA athavA sAmaMjasya hai| ataeva nibandha' zabda kA artha hayA-vizeSa rUpa se bA~dhanA athavA sAmaMjasya-pUrNa vyavasthA krnaa| isake liye yaha apekSita hai ki usameM maulika vicAra-sAmagrI ke atirikta abhivyaMjanA kA lAlitya bhI ho| vastutaH nibandha hI aisI gadya-vidhA hai, jisameM viSaya aura zailI kI adhikatama ekAtmatA saMbhava hai|' bhAvanA aura vicAra kI pramukhatA hone para bhI nibandha meM zailI-tattva kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| isa sambandha meM zukla jI kI nimnastha ukti dRSTavya hai-"yadi gadya kaviyoM yA lekhakoM kI kasauTI hai to nibandha gadya kI kasauTI hai / bhASA kI pUrNa zakti kA vikAsa nibandhoM meM hI sabase adhika sambhava hai|" jainendra jI kI zailI viSayaka mAnyatAe~ jainendra jI ne sAhityetara viSayoM para nibandha-racanA ko prAthamikatA dI hai, tathApi 'sAhitya aura samAja', 'kalA kyA hai', 'sAhitya-sRjana', 'sAhitya aura nIti' 1. nibandha ke svarUpa ke vizeSa adhyayana ke lie lekhaka kI kRti 'pratinidhi nibandha' kI bhUmikA (pRSTha 6-23) dRSTavya hai | ( 105 )

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva grAdindhioM meM unhoMne sAhitya kI vividha samasyAoM ke viSaya meM bhI vicAranirUpaNa kiyA hai / isI prakAra se eka lekha 'gadya-vikAsa aura kathA upanyAsa' meM unhoMne prasaMgavaza gadya kI zailI ke viSaya meM vicAra vyakta kiye haiM, jinheM unakI nibandha-zailI ke liye kasauTI ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se nimnalikhita uktiyA~ paThanIya haiM--- (a) "sAhitya kI bhASA kabhI sIdhe nahIM, sadA vyaMjanA dvArA hI apanA abhiprAyaH detI hai / yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki vahA~ bhASA kaha kara itanA nahIM kahatI, jitanA anakahA chor3akara kahatI hai / .. (A) "bahuta jyAdA jAnakAriyoM aura khabaroM se lada kara yA prAtyantika nizciti pahana kara, bhASA laharIlI kaise rahegI ?"2 (i) "jainendra kI gadya kI azuddhiyoM ko svayaM jainendra kI azuddhi mAna kara use samAja-bahiSkRta rakhA jA sakatA hai, para usake gadya kA kyA kIjiyegA ? yadi jainendra svayaM zuddha nahIM hai, aura azuddha hokara bhI hindI likhane yA bolane ke sambandha meM kAnanana usa para koI roka-thAma nahIM DAlI jA sakatI hai, to sivA isake kyA upAya hai ki hindI gadya kA vikAsa aisI azuddhiyoM ko bhI peTa meM lekara aura rakta meM ramA kara bar3hatA hI cale / '3 zailI ke viSaya meM jainendra jI kA vicAra-vRtta kevala itanA hI nahIM hai, kintu usake aAdhAra para unakI mAnyatAoM kA sAdhAraNa anumAna avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai| uparyukta uddharaNoM meM unhoMne tIna bAtoM para bala diyA hai.-(a) vyaMjanA-vRtti zailI kA prANa hai. (prA) artha-gAmbhIrya kI bojhilatA ke sthAna para bhASA meM nijI svAsthya honA cAhiye, (i) bhAva-preSaNa meM sahaja vyAvahArikatA lAne ke liye bhASAgata zuddhiyoM athavA vyAkaraNika niyamoM kA balidAna kara denA cAhiye / spaSTa hai ki inameM se prathama do dhAraNAoM kA hI anumodana kiyA jA sakatA hai, tRtIya mata meM aisI ucchRkhala krAnti kI gandha hai jo kalA-sauSThava ke liye vighaTanakAriNI siddha . hogii| zailIgata vicAraNIya aMga sAhitya kI saMvRddhi meM racanA-vizeSa ke aAntarika guNoM athavA bhAva-pakSa kA to viziSTa yoga rahatA hI hai, zailI athavA kalA-pakSa kI bhI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| nibandha-zailI ke antargata lekhaka kI bhASA aura varNana-praNAlI para vicAra 1. sAhitya kA zreya aura preyaH dvitIya saM0 pRSTha 145 2. sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 146 3. sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 146

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jainendra jI ko nibandha-zailI 107 kiyA jAnA cAhiye / prastuta nibandha meM hama bhASA ke antargata nibandhagata zabda- sampadA ( prayukta zabdAvalI kI vividharUpatA), zabdagata sahabhAva ( sahayogI gandoM kA prayoga tathA vAkyoM meM antarlaya kI yojanA ), muhAvare lokoktiyoM tathA vartanI - viSayaka viparyAsa kI samIkSA kareMge / varNana vyavasthA athavA zailI ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita karanA upayogI hogA / eka varga meM vyAsa zailI, samAsa zailI, dhArA zailI, tathA pralApa zailI kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA dUsare varga meM sUcita zailI, alaMkAra zailI, citra zailI tathA vyaMgya zailI kA samAveza ho sakatA hai / inameM se vyAsa zailI ke antargata kathA zailI, udAharaNa zailI, saMvAda zailI tathA praznottara zailI kA samanvita rUpa meM adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai / jainendra jI kI bhASA (zra) zabda- sampadA jainendra jI ne apane nibandhoM meM zabda-samRddhi athavA zabda cayana ke vyApaka AdhAra para vizeSa bala diyA hai / bhASA kI vyAvahArikatA athavA grabhivyakti kI sukaratA unakI zailI kI grAtmA hai / phalataH unhoMne saMskRta-padAvalI ke prayoga ke prasaMga meM bhI adhikatara unhIM zabdoM ko apanAyA hai, jo hindI meM sahaja vyavahRta haiM / abhinaya, anukaraNa, vigraha, nagaNya, dvandva Adi zabda' isI prakAra ke haiM / tadbhava zabda to unake nibandhoM meM pracura rUpa meM milate hI haiM, unhoMne bhASA meM sahajatA lAne ke liye taratamatA ( tAratamya ), jasa (yaza), mUrata (mUrti), pacchima (pazcima). majUrI, sirajana (sRjana), girastI ( gRhasthI ) Adi lokavyavahAragata zabda rUpoM ko bhI paryApta sthAna diyA hai / isI prakAra unhoMne yatra-tatra 'cahu~' jaise brajabhASA ke zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| bhASA ko vyAvahArAnukUla banAne ke liye unhoMne urdU zabda-koSa ko bhI ananya niSThA se apanAyA hai / nAmunAsiva grahasAna, insAna, khatma Adi zabda isI prakAra ke haiM / zabda-yojanA meM roz2amarrA athavA bolacAla kI pravRtti lAne ke liye isa prakAra ke prayoga sarvathA vAMchanIya haiM, kintu 'zIghratA' ke liye 'na'dera' likhane kA samarthana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / " isI prakAra "katana tattva kI , kucha 1. dekhie 'sAhitya kA zreya aura pra eya', pRSTha 136, 137, 161, 363, 3 | 2 dekhie ( a ) manthana, pRSTha 114, 147, 2053 () sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 244. 275, 284, 365 | 3. dekhie 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', pRSTha 154 / 4. dekhie (a) manthana, pRSTha 31, (prA) soca-vicAra, pRSTha 80, 81, (i) sAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pRSTha 331 | 5. dekhie 'manthana', pRSTha 66 /

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108 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva bAta meM kaha rahA thA"" jaise vAkya bhI hindI kI pravRtti ke anukUla nahIM haiM / jainendra jI ne grapane nibandhoM meM aMgrejI ke zabdoM kA bhI pracura prayoga kiyA hai / isa viSaya meM unhoMne do vidhiyoM ko apanAyA hai-- (pra) devanAgarI lipi meM aMgrejI zabdoM kA prayoga -- invesTameNTa, blaika AuTa, klAsarUma, kAnphrensa, ArTisTa Adi, 2 (prA) romana lipi meM aMgrejI zabdoM kA prayoga -- Salt, Complexes, Inherenit, Self-expression, Couscious, tendency Adi 13 lekhaka ne ina zabdoM ke liye hindI - paryAya nahIM diye haiM, jisakA anumodana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki kucha zabda sAdhAraNa hindI - pAThakoM ke liye jaTila ho sakate hai / yahA~ yaha ullekhya hai ki lekhaka ne kahIM-kahIM aMgrejI mAdhyama se cintana kiyA hai, phalataH unhoMne apane abhiprAya ko spaSTa karane ke liye koSThakoM meM aMgrez2I paryAya bhI diye haiN| yathAgrAntarika (Subjective), ghaTanA kI duniyA (Objective facts ), pAsa-par3osapana (Neighbourliness ), satyAgraha ( Direct action ) * ( zrA) zabdagata sahabhAva bhASA meM pravAha lAne ke liye kAvya tathA gadya meM zabdagata sahabhAva athavA sahayogI zabdoM ke prayoga kI pravRtti ko sAdhana-vizeSa ke rUpa meM apanAyA jAtA hai / jainendra jI isa prakAra ke zabdoM ke saphala prayoktA haiM aura sAtha hI grananya samarthaka bhii| isa viSaya meM unakI yaha ukti dRSTavya hai- " bhASA meM vizeSaNoM kA dvitva aura yugma to anivArya hI hai / sat grasat, heya - vidheya, pApa-puNya, acchA-burA Adi tulanA ke zabda usakI bhASA meM bhI AyeMge hii|"" isa prakAra ke zabda-yugmoM ko bhinnArtha sahayogI zabda bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / jainendra jI ne uparyukta vizeSa sArthaka zabdayugmoM ke atirikta 'loI kambala', 'lAga-lapeTa', 'grAr3e- vAMke' Adi zabdoM kA bhI pracura prayoga kiyA hai / unhoMne 'cappA-cappA', 'aNu-aNu', 'bhAMti-bhAMti' jaise samAnArthI sahayogI zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai, jinheM kAvya-zAstra kI zabdAvalI 1. soca-vicAra, pRSTha 56 | 2. dekhie (a) soca vicAra, pRSTha 131, 149, (yA) sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 13. 187, 386 | 3. dekhie 'sAhitya kA zreya aura pra eya', pR0 384-387 | 4. dekhie 'mandhana' pR0 106 110 / 5. manthana, pR0 144 | 6. dekhie (a) soca-vicAra, pR0 235, (zrA) sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 371 | 7, dekhie 'soca-vicAra', pR0 234 |

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jainendra jI ko nibandha-zailI meM 'pUrNa punarukta zabda' kahate haiM / zAbdika sahabhAva ke antargata dvitIya vicAraNIya tattva haiM-lekhaka dvArA vAkyoM meM prAntarika tuka kA nirvAha / yadyapi yaha vizeSatA mUlataH kavitA kI nidhi hai, kintu jainendra jI ne gadya meM bhI isakA saphala nirvAha kiyA hai / udAharaNArtha nimnAMkita vAkya dekhie (ka) "saMdIpa kA garva kharca hotA hai|' (kha) "kAma ke abhAva meM maiM taba harAma meM aura pArAma meM rahatA thA / "2 (i) mahAvare-lokoktiyA~ __ jainendra jI ne apane nibandhoM meM muhAvaroM tathA lokovitayoM kA pracara prayoga kiyA hai| kAraNa spaSTa hai-unake dvArA apanAye gaye viSaya to jana-jIvana se saMbaddha haiM hI, unhoMne bhASA ko bhI vyAvahArika stara para rakhA hai| vastutaH muhAvaroM athavA lokoktiyoM ke prayoga se bhASA meM lAkSaNikatA aura viziSTa arthavahana kI kSamatA A jAtI hai / Alocya lekhaka ne 'silI sIvana udher3anA', '36 ke aMka', 'ThaThe kI bAta' Adi muhAvaroM kA prasaMgAnukUla prayoga kiyA hai / isI prakAra unhoMne "unheM gaMgA ke pAsa gaMgAdAsa aura jamanA kinAre jamanAdAsa ho jAnA sarala hai / jaise vAkyoM meM lokoktiyoM ko bhI sthAna diyA hai / hindI-lokoktiyoM ke atirikta unhoMne apane mantavya kI puSTi ke liye aMgrejI kI prasiddha lokoktiyoM ko bhI udAhRta kiyA hai| yathA 1. Knowing is becoming.b 2. God is Iaw.6 3. Truth is Stranger than fiction.? (I) vartanI-viparyAsa jainendra jI ne apane nivandhoM meM svaccha aura zuddha bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai, vartanI-vyatikrama athavA azuddhiyAM kevala apavAda haiN| unakI racanAoM meM zAbdika azuddhiyoM kI khoja anadhikAra ceSTA-mAtra hai, tathApi prastuta nibandha meM sarvAMgINatA lAne ke liye hama isa para bhI vicAra kareMge / unhoMne 'zRMkhalA' jaise azuddha prayoga prAyaH nahIM kiye haiN| isI prakAra halanta zabdoM ke prayoga ke prati bhI ve jAgarUka rahe 1-2. sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 516, 326-327 / / 3. (A) sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 162, (A) manthana, pR. 204, (i) soca-vicAra, pRSTha 56 4. sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 226 5-6-7. sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 31,47,117 8. dekhiye 'sAhatya kA zreya aura preya', pRSTha 361

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva haiM--'baddhamAna' jaise azuddha prayoga nitAnta virala haiM, vastutaH unhoMne vidvAna, bhagavAna' Adi halantavarNIya prayoga hI kiye haiM / urdU-zabdoM meM nukte lagAne ke prati bhI ve paryApta sajaga rahe haiM, kintu sabase adhika asAvadhAnI bhI isI kSetra meM huI hai| 'mugala', 'tahajIbayApatA' Adi zabda isake pramANa haiN| jainendra jI kI racanA-zailI zailI athavA racanA-rIti kI dRSTi se jainendra jI ke nibandhoM meM paryApta vividhatA dRSTigata hotI hai / unhoMne vyAsa zailI, kathA zailI, udAharaNa zailI, praznottara zailI aura sUkti zailI kA adhika prayoga kiyA hai, kintu unakI racanAoM meM samAsa zailI, citra zailI, vyaMgya zailI Adi ke udAharaNa bhI virala nahIM haiN| unhoMne nibaMdhoM kI vRhat parimANa meM racanA kI hai, ataH zailI-sambandhI vividha prayoga unakI racanAoM meM vaise bhI adhika apekSita haiM / Age hama unake dvArA prayukta abhivyaMjanA-rItiyoM para kramazaH vicAra kreNge| (a) vyAsa-zailI jainendra jI ke nibandhoM meM vyAsa zailI ko pramukha sthAna prApta huA hai / bhAvadurUhatA se prasUta zailI-viSayaka jaTilatA ko ve abhivyakti kI durbalatA mAnate haiM / yathA-'bahuta jyAdA jAnakAriyoM aura khabaroM se lada kara, yA prAtyantika nizciti pahana kara, bhASA laharIlI kaise rahegI ? * bhASA ko taraMgAyamAna rakhane ke lie ve sarala tathA vyAvahArika zabdoM kA prayoga karane ke atirikta saMkSipta vAkya-racanA para bhI bala dete hai / hindI ke nibandhakAroM meM yaha unakI nijI vizeSatA hai arthAt sarala vAkyoM ke prati unake mana meM sahaja-viziSTa prAgraha rahA hai / udAharaNArtha nimnalikhita avataraNa dekhiye (ka) "aneka samitiyoM ke vaha sadasya haiM / dhana haiM, para vyasana koI nahIM hai / par3ha nahI to gune bahuta haiM / paiTha unakI gaharI hai, buddhi cauknnii| kAna aura A~kha khola kara rahate haiN| Upara dhana kA dikhAvA nahIM dIkhatA hai / (kha) "mahAn aura azlIla sAhitya ke mUla meM sacamuca thor3A hI bheda hai| thor3A hai, para gaharA hai / vaha bheda vRtti kA hai / mahAn sAhitya meM se Dhera ke Dhara aise udAharaNa nikAle jA sakate haiM, jinameM azlIlatA dekhI aura dikhalAI jA ske|6 1. dekhie 'sAhitya kA zreya aura praya,' pRSTha 273 2. dekhiye 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya,' pR0 272 3. dekhiye 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya', pRSTha 360, 370 4. sAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pR0 146 5. manthana, pR0 146 6. sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, 371

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jainendra jI kI nibandha-zailI 111 abhivyaMjanA ko sukha-sarala rakhane ke uddezya se jenendra jI ne katipaya gauNa zailiyoM ko vyAsa zailI ke aMgabhUta rakhA hai| isa dRSTi se unhoMne sabase adhika prAzraya kayA-zailI kA liyA hai arthAt nibandha ke prArambha, madhya athavA anta meM unhoMne apane anubhava-yukta meM AI huI ghaTanA-vizeSa kA prAyaH kathAtmaka AkhyAna kiyA hai| isase viSaya-pratipAdana meM rocakatA ke atirikta prAmANikatA bhI pA gaI hai / dIrgha kathAsUtra prastuta karane ke atirikta unhoMne bhAva-vizeSa para bala dene ke lie saMskRta aura hindI kI prasaMgAnukUla uktiyoM ko uddhRta kara udAharaNa zailI kA bhI Azraya liyA hai yathA--(ka) sarva dharmAn parityajya mAmekaM zaraNaM braja,2 (kha) kaur3I ko to khaba saMbhAlA, lAla ratana ko chor3a diyA / ___janendra jI ne zailI ko prasAda-pallavita rakhane ke liye saMvAda-yojanA kA bhI aAdhAra liyA hai / spaSTa hai ki ina saMvAdoM kI yojanA kathA-zailI ke antargata huI hai| isa dRSTi se 'Apa kyA karate haiM,' 'rAma-kathA' tathA 'upayogitA' zIrSaka nibandha vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| unhoMne saMvAdoM meM saMkSiptatA, saralatA tathA bhAvukatA ko vizeSa sthAna diyA hai| ina saMvAdoM kI vizeSa upayogitA yaha rahI ki unameM racanAgata jaTilatA meM kamI Ane kI paryApta saMbhAvanA rahI hai / jainendra jI ne prAyaH sAmAjika-dArzanika gutthiyoM ko lekara nibandha-racanA kI hai, ataH saMvAdagata sahajatA ne unake nibadhoM meM anivArya rocakatA lA dI hai / isa sandarbha meM unhoMne praznottara zailI kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / yathA-"hama kidhara caleM ? --mukti kI ora / mukti kahA~ hai-- Izvara meM / Izvara kyA hai ? --aikya / isa uddharaNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yahA~ lekhaka ne saMkSipta uktiyoM ke mAdhyama se pAThaka ko vicAra-sajagatA pradAna kI hai| 'parama sAMkhya' zIrSaka nibandha meM vicAragata gambhIratA ko sahaja dharAtala para lAne ke liye unhoMne prathama anuccheda se hI praznottara zailI ko sthAna diyA hai / kahIM-kahIM ina praznoM ke atireka ne vicAra-bojhilatA ko bhI janma diyA hai| praznoM kA nairaMtarya aura samAdhAna kA AnupAtika prabhAva aise sthaloM kI durUhatA athavA tajjanya aruci ke lie uttaradAyI haiM / unake nibaMdhoM meM isa prakAra ke sthala adhika nahIM hai, ataH isa zailI ke viziSTa prayoga ko janendra jI ke abhivyaMjanA kauzala kA aMga mAnA jAnA caahiye| 1. dekhiye (a) soca-vicA , pR0 64-68, 122, (A) manthana, pR0 26-31, 148 2. manthana, pR0 102 3. soca-vicAra, pR0 138 4. dekhie (a) soca-vicAra, pR0 4-14, 26-31, (A) manthana, pR0 31 5. manthana, pR0 145 6. dekhie 'manthana', pR0 231 7 dekhiye 'manthana,' pR0 165, krAnti-viSayaka carcA

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112 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva (mA) samAsa zailI, dhArA zailI tathA vikSepa zailI nibaMdha ke kalA-pakSa kI carcA karate samaya vyAsa zailI ke atirikta upayukta zailiyoM kA bhI mukhya rUpa meM ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / jainendra jI ke nibandhoM meM inakA prayoga lagabhaga nagaNya rUpa meM huA hai / vicArAtmaka nibandhoM meM samAsa zailI (samAsa, sandhi, upasarga, pratyaya, pratIka Adi ke dvArA viSaya ke sUtrabaddha kathana) ke prayoga kI adhika sambhAvanAeM rahatI haiM, kintu jainendra jI ne adhikatara isI koTi ke nibandha likhane para bhI unameM samAsa zailI ko Azraya nahIM diyaa| hA~, unhoMne kahIM-kahIM vyAsa zailI aura samAsa zailI ko samanvita rUpa meM prastuta avazya kiyA hai / yathA-'nIti sAdhana hai, rAja sAdhya hai / pahale nIti sAdhya thI, rAja sAdhana / usa prakAra kI tattvacintA aura AdarzopAsanA se calane vAlI sAmyavAdI rAjanIti jaise ayAvahArika hokara pichar3a gaI hai / aba karmapravRtta aura nizcita tAtkAlika lakSya rakha kara calane vAlI kUTanItika sAmyavAdI rAjanIti ne usakA sthAna le liyA hai| prastuta uddharaNa meM sUtra zailI kA prayoga hone para bhI jaTilatA nahIM hai / jainendra jI gambhIra-se-gambhIra viSaya ko bhI sahaja abhivyakti pradAna karane meM dakSa haiM / kathA zailI aura udAharaNa zelI ke Azraya ke atirikta unhoMne usake liye prakRti ke bhAvAtmaka saundarya kA bhI prasaMgavaza citraNa kiyA hai / udAharaNArtha 'darzana aura upalabdhi' zIrSaka nibandha kI ye paMktiyAM dekhie- "pahAr3oM kA aMta na thA aura unakI zobhA kA pAra na thaa| dhapa una para khela kara bhA~ti-bhAMti ke raMga upajAtI aura chAyA bAdala ke sAtha aA~kha-micaunI raca kara vicitra dRzya upasthita krtii| ..2 isa ukti meM tanmayatA, bhAvAtmakatA athavA sarasa bhAvukatA ke phalasvarUpa dhArA zailI kI sahaja sthiti rahI hai / AtmalInatA ke aise kSaNoM meM jainendra jI ne kahIM-kahIM apane bhAvoM ko vikSepa zailI athavA pralApa zailI meM bhI vyakta kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se 'meMr3haka' zIrSaka nibandha kI nimnastha paMktiyAM draSTavya haiM-'prodamI meMDhaka nahIM hote / lekina banAe, aura banane die jA sakate haiN| sira ke Upara se garur3a kI taraha se jo loga jhapaTate hue idhara-se udhara ur3A karate haiM, aise puruSoM ke bhojya ke lie jarUrI hai ki kucha aMdhe kueM hoM, jahA~ koI jamA kare aura prAdamI meMr3haka huA kreN| (i) anya zailiyAM uparyukta abhivyaMjanA-rItiyoM ke atirikta jainendra jI ne apane nibandhoM meM 1. sova-vicAra, pR0 287 2, soca-vicAra, pR0 234 / 3. soca-vicAra, pR0 161 /

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jainendra jI kI nibandha-zailI 13 14 sUcita zailI, citra zailI, vyaMgya zailI aura alaMkAra zailI ko bhI sthAna diyA hai / vicArAtmaka nibandhoM kI racanA ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne sUkti zailI kA anekazaH prayoga kiyA hai / yathA -- (a) "zarIra dvArA prAtmA kI pratiSThA dharma hai "" ( zrA ) " kSobha manuSya ko khAtA hai, jo usako khAte haiM ve amRtajIvI hote hai", (i) "vizvAsa kA rAstA Astika kA rAstA hai " 3, (I) " aparAdhI ko mAranA aparAdha ko jilAnA hai / ' prastuta uktiyoM meM jisa koTi kI gambhIratA aura AdarzavAditA nihita hai, usI ke samAnAntara bhAvukatA bhI jainendra jI ke nibandhoM meM upalabdha hai / aisI uktiyoM meM citra zailI ke samanvaya se viziSTa mArmikatA A gaI hai / udAhararaNArtha 'mUlyAMkana' zIrSaka nibandha kI ye paMktiyA~ dekhie--" usa udyAna meM vizAla eka bar3a kA per3a hai, jisameM U~cAI vizeSa nahIM hai, para vistAra khUba hai / vaha aisA ghanA hai aisA chAyAdAra, ki zatasahasra jana usake tale vizrAma pA sakate haiM / purAnA khUba, jaTAe~ bahuta aura tanA usakA itanA bRhadAkAra hai ki kyA pUchie / "5 citra zailI kI sannidhi meM lekhaka ne alaMkAra-zailI ko bhI yatkiMcit sthAna diyA hai / udAharaNArtha nimnalikhita vAkyoM meM vastutprekSA alaMkAra aura mAnavIkaraNa alaMkAra kA kramazaH prayoga dekhie - ( a ) " lAkhoM tAroM se AsamAna bharA hai / jaise--motiyoM se aMjali bharI hai "6, (grA) " dhUpa camakI to vRkSa ne manuSya se kahA, 'merI chAyA meM ' 'grA jAo / "" jainendra jI ne nibandhoM meM rocakatA ke pradhAna ke liye vyaMgya zailI kA bhI zatazaH prAzraya liyA hai / unakI vyaMgyoktiyoM meM kevala tIkhApana hI nahIM hai, apitu unameM cintana ke liye prabhUta sAmagrI bhI hai / yathA - ( a ) "vaha akla hI kyA jo dUsare ko beavala na samajhe ?" (prA) "TAipa aura vyakti / hamAre vidvAn bhAI hajArIprasAda jI ina do bAToM se bhArI-bhArI bojha tolate haiM / " haz2ArI bAbU ke alAvA bhI ina bAToM kA calana milatA hai / Adhunika tulA meM ve khAse kAma Ate haiM / ' "ha ina paMktiyoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM gambhIra vicAra - preraNA hai, jise vyagya-sajIva padAvalI kI proTa meM upekSita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 12. manthana, pR0 184, 285 | 3-4. soca-vicAra, pR0 112, 266 | 5. manthana, pR0 116 | 6-7. sAhitya kA zra eya aura pra eya, pR0 175, 25 | 8. soca-vicAra, pR0 54 | 6. sAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pR0 163 /

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.96 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva niSkarSa jainendra jI kI nibandha-zailI kA samanvita mUlyAMkana karane para isameM koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA ki unhoMne bhAva-tattva athavA vicAra-tattva kI tulanA meM zilpa-pakSa ko kama gaurava nahIM diyaa| unake nibandhoM kA anuzIlana kevala vicAra-prauDhi kI dRSTi se nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhiye, apitu isa tathya ko bhI dRSTi meM rakhanA cAhiye ki unhoMne bhASA-zailI ke prAyaH sabhI upAdAnoM kA samAdara kiyA hai / unake zailI-viSayaka prAdarza para zaMkA karane ke liye kevala eka prAdhAra hogA-aura vaha hai Alocaka kA yaha rUr3hivAdI dRSTikoNa ki hama vicArAtmaka nibandhoM meM jisa koTi ke vAkya-vinyAsa ke abhyasta haiM, use unhoMne nahIM apnaayaa| dUsare pakSa meM, ise unakI maulika pravatti kI dena kahA jAyegA / unake nibandhoM kA anuzIlana karate samaya hameM zailI ke paramparA-prathita rAjapatha se dRSTi haTAkara jana-mAnasa meM pallavita hone vAle vyAvahArika mUlyoM ko grahaNa karanA hogA / unakI zailI para zAstrIya vyavasthAoM kA kaThora niyantraNa nahIM hai, vanabhUmi kI saritA-sA manonukUla pravAha hI usakA naisargika AbharaNa hai|

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vorendra kumAra gupta jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA darzana kI ekAMgitA darzana kA viSaya-vistAra kahA~ se kahA~ taka hai, yaha vivAdAspada hai / para yadi darzana zabda kA artha satya-sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAya, to jJAna-vijJAna ke sabhI vibhAga darzana kI zAkhA-prazAkhA bana jAte haiM / prakaTataH dharma-sAhitya, kalA-zilpa, itihAsa arthazAstra, rAjanIti-samAjanIti, rasAyana evaM bhautikazAstra, ye sabhI viSaya darzana ko samRddha aura paripuSTa karate dIkha par3ate haiM / ina sabake carama-tathya ( Ultimate truth ) darzana ke avayava haiM, jo milakara virAT satya ko anvita aura pramANita karate haiN| para darzana apane isa azvattha rUpa meM pahale mAnya na ho sakA / kyoM aisA huA, yaha adhyayana kA viSaya hai| mAnava-astitva ko do moTe bhAgoM meM bA~Takara dekhA jAtA hai, mAnasika aura bhautika / yaha donoM vibhAga nirantara ekadUsare kI pUrti aura puSTi karate calate haiN| donoM ke aikya, saha-astitva evaM saha-gamana se hI mAnava ke vyaktitva meM parAyaNatA, karmaNyatA evaM kRtArthatA pA sakatI hai / para lagabhaga zata-pratizata prAcIna dArzanikoM ne ina manonIta vibhAgoM ke bIca khicI bauddhika lakIra ko patthara kI lakIra hI nahIM banA DAlA, balki isa kRtrima dvaita ko adhikAdhika pakkA kiyA / unhoMne eka phala ke donoM Tukar3oM kA rasa sammilita nicor3ane ke badale eka khaNDa ko grAhya aura dUsare ko agrAhya ghoSita kara diyaa| unhoMne sUkSma mAnasikatA ko itanA prAtyantika mahattva diyA ki sthUla zArIrikatA aura bhautikatA aspRzya bana gayI aura ve prathama ko sat (hai) aura dUsare ko asata (nahIM hai) kahane para bAdhya ho gaye / isa prakAra darzana astitva ke mAnasika-bauddhika adhyayana taka sImita ho gyaa| isa bhautika-vaijJAnika pakSa kI tilAMjali kA pariNAma yaha huA ki dArzanikoM ke pAsa satya-sAkSAtkAra kA sAdhana raha gayA, basa yaugika sambuddhi athavA ilahAma / ve phira isa taraha upalabdha mata ko zabdapramANa, tarka-vitarka vitaNDA dvArA siddha aura punassiddha karane meM juTa gye| sabhI dArzanikoM ne adhyayana ke liye jina viSayoM ko cunA, ve rahe-sRSTi, Izvara, AtmA, mana, buddhi, karma, janma-purnajanma, mukti, vilaya Adi / ye maulika mahAprazna haiM / aura etat-sambandhI mAnavIya vizvAsa aura mAnyatAe~ AdikAla ( 115 )

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116 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva se mAnava-jIvana aura bhaviSya ko prabhAvita karatI rahI haiM aura karatI rheNgii| para yaha mAnanA hogA ki dArzanikoM ke samAdhAna kitane bhI antima kyoM na siddha hoM, ve vizvAsa aura andha-vizvAsa para AdhArita aura unake poSaka rahe, vaijJAnika prayogasiddha sthApanAoM kA rUpa unheM kabhI nahIM diyA jA skaa| aura kabhI vaijJAnika vivecana-vizleSaNa se puSTa nahIM kiye gaye / yaha Azcarya kA hI viSaya hai ki virAT bhAratIya-darzana kI vizuddha nyAya-paddhati meM prayoga-pramANa kI gaNanA nahIM hai| gaNita, bhautikI rasAyana, zilpa, yAntrikI, nakSatra-vijJAna, samAja-zAstra, arthazAstra Adi kA paryApta vikAsa bhArata meM huA hai, para isakA upayoga upayukta mahApraznoM ke hala meM nahIM kiyA gayA / ve mAnava-astitva kI rakSA aura vikAsa meM niyukta hue, devatAoM kI carcA-upAsanA meM bhI unakA upabhoga humA; para mAnavajijJAsA ke kSetra se unheM kosoM dUra hI rakhA gayA / zAzvata jijJAsAoM kI tapti ko anumAna aura kalpanA para chor3a diyA gyaa| isa prakAra darzana bauddhika vilAsa aura tarka-vitaNDA kA kSetra bana gayA aura mAnava-astitva kI bhautika samasyAoM se usakA sambandha ekadama TUTa gyaa| darzana kA saMkucana ho gayA aura Thosa dharatI usake pairoM ke nIce se nikala gayI / vaha 'rahasya' aura 'zUnya' DUba gayA aura bhautika astitva sUkSma mAnasikatA se dUra par3akara svArtha aura hiMsA kI ghoratA ko apanI preraNA banAne ke lie bAdhya ho gyaa| dharma kI jimmedArI darzana ke isa ekAMgIya, apUrNa evaM avaijJAnika prAcaraNa ke lie dharma-pantha bahuta dUra taka jimmedAra hai| dharma kA preraNA-srota kyA hai, dharma kyA hai ? bhaya athavA zraddhA ke vazIbhUta hokara sImita sva ko zeSa virAT meM laya karane aura virATa ko sImAnoM meM bA~dhane kI AkulatA se prerita mAnava ne jina vizvAsa mAnyatAoM vidhividhAnoM, pUjA-arcanAoM aura karmakANDoM kI udbhAvanAeM kIM, ve hI saba dharma haiM / adhikatara aisA huA ki RSiyoM-paigambaroM ne apane sAkSAtkAra ko sAmAjika-rAjanItika sA~ce meM DhAlakara vizeSa dharma kA AkAra de DAlA aura sambaddha dArzanikoM ne apanI jijJAsA ko usa rUr3ha rUparekhA ko lA~ghakara asIma meM ur3ane dene kA sAhasa nahIM kiyA / dharma ne zuddha jijJAmA ko niSiddha ThaharA diyA aura mizrita sImita jijJAsA ko bhI adhazraddhA kA dAsa bane rahane kI zarta para hI jIne kI ijAjata dii| bhArata meM, vizeSakara upaniSad-kAla taka, phira bhI yaha ganImata huI ki dhArmika sAkSAtkAra eka akele paigambara kI dena na rahakara aneka RpiyoM ke yogadAna se sampanna huaa| upaniSad-kAla taka bhArata meM sImita jijJAsA aura prayAsa ko kAphI khulA avasara milaa| para zIvra hI aupaniSadika upalabdhiyA~ rUr3ha bana gyiiN| bahuta kucha paigambarIya

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jainendra ko dArzanika vicAraNA 117 vizeSatAyoM se yukta bauddha-dharma ke virodha meM vaidika-aupaniSadika upalabdhiyoM ko chAvanI bananA par3A, aura spaSTa hai ki Age ke bhAratIya dArzanika vaidika evaM bauddha, ina do vattoM meM cakkara kATate rahe / astitva-rakSA evaM vistAra ke tala para dharma-darzana, zraddhAjijJAsA, bhAvanA-buddhi, jJAna-vijJAna, kalA-zilpa kA sammizraNa karake eka Thosa samAja paddhati, vyavahAra-paddhati aura Arthika samRddhi kA vikAsa hamane bhale hI kara liyA ho; para zuddha jJAna ke stara para zraddhA aura jijJAsA, kalpanA aura prayoga, Atmika aura bhautika ko hamane paraspara ghulane-milane nahIM diyA, unake dvaita ko sthira rakhA / sAmI, arabI, yahUdI aura IsAI dezoM meM kyoMki paigambaravAda kA bolabAlA rahA, isalie vahA~ ke dArzanika to vizvAsa aura tarka kI noka-jhoMka meM hI ulajhe rahe / apanI maulika upapattiyoM ke nAma para unhoMne aphalAtUna aura arastU kA anuvAda bhara kiyA / yUnAna kA yaha saubhAgya hI mAnanA cAhiye ki vahA~ zuddha bauddhika jijJAsA kI sukarAta, aphalAtUna aura arastU Adi ne prAraNa-pratiSThA kI / zAzvata praznoM meM ulajhe rahanA vahA~ ke sAmAnya nAgarikoM kA zauka bana gayA thaa| yUnAna kA prAcIna dharma zAyada adhikA~za bhaya para AdhArita thA aura vaha yUnAnI medhA ko bAMdhe rakhane meM akSama siddha huA / yUnAnI dArzanikoM ne apanA kAryakSetra mAnasikatA taka sImita na rahane diyA / ve eka sAtha samAjazAstrI, vaijJAnika aura kalAvida bhI bane / unhoMne jJAna-vijJAna kI vividha dhArAgoM kI udbhAvanAe" kI / arastU ne prAyogika vijJAna ko bahuta mahattva diyaa| usane aura anya yUnAnI dArzanikoM ne vaijJAnika prayogoM ko zAzvata samasyAoM ke hala meM niyojita kiyaa| madhyottarakAlIna rinesA~ ke samaya ke yUropIya vaijJAnikoM ne ina yUnAnI dArzanikoM kI paramparA ko hI aAMzika rUpa meM punarujjIvita kiyaa| AMzika rUpa meM isalie kahatA hU~, kyoMki yUropIya vijJAna virAT ke, AtmikatA ke aura mAnasikatA ke sandarbha kI apekSA kara sAMsArika prayojana ke tala para calA aura bar3hA / aisA dharma aura darzana ke rahasyavAda aura rUr3hivAda kI pratikriyA meM ho pAyA / yadi prArambha se hI dharma-darzana bhautikatA ko asatya na batAkara use samAna rUpa se sAtha lekara calate, to zAyada vijJAna itanA ekAMgI aura vidrohI na bana paataa| paigambaravAda aura dArzanika cintana ekezvara-ekapaigambara-vAda aura bahudeva-bahuRSi-vAda ke bIca prabhAva va pariNAma kI dRSTi se kyA antara rahA hai, isakA adhyayana bahuta Avazyaka hai| ekezvaravAda kA khudA jagat aura sRSTi se bahuta dUra, aura Upara, usase ekadama pRthaka eka-sraSTA niyAmaka bAdazAha kA-sA astitva rakhatA hai| vaha sarvocca sarvazaktimAn puruSa hai aura prakRti usakA khilaunA hai / arUpa, nirAkAra kahe jAte huye bhI usakA vyaktIkRta aura devIkRta (Personified and dcified) rUpa hara mautakida ke antara

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118 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva meM svabhAvatayA svIkRta hai / prAkRtika tattva-bhUta isa khudA ke gulAma haiM / unase khudA kA dUra kA bhI khUna kA sambandha nahIM hai / aise khudA ko tAttvika vivecana evaM vaijJAnika vizleSaNa kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| usake adRzya astitva aura amAnavIya pauruSa para ImAna hI lAyA jA sakatA hai / paigambaravAda aura pavitra granthavAda bhI mAnavIya jijJAsA kA panapanA aura phalita honA sahana nahIM kara sakate / kathita-likhita vacanoM-sthApanAoM kI yaha dIvAra itanI pakkI bana jAtI hai ki unake bauddhika-vaijJAnika parIkSaNa karane aura navopalabdha jJAna ke AdhAra para una meM ghaTA-bar3hI karane kA prazna hI paidA nahIM hotA / sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki mAnya paigambara ke atirikta anya koI bhI sambuddhizIla, uccAtmA, UrvacetA ho sakatA hai, yaha sambhAvanA hI zata-pratizata asvIkRta bana jAtI hai / jJAna-vijJAna kA vikAsa kisI eka ke nahIM, agaNita RSiyoM ke sammilita prayAsa kA phala hI ho sakatA hai| paigambaravAda meM dharma aura darzana anivAryataH rUr3ha upAsanA-paddhati kA rUpa lekara anudAra, haThavAdI pujAriyoM aura paNDitoM kI sampatti bana jAte haiM aura jJAna-vijJAna kI anantatA se unakA samparka nahIM ho pAtA / itihAsa meM madhyayuga ko jo andhayuga kahA jAtA hai, vaha bahuta-kucha upayukta vizeSatA ke kAraNa hii| RSiyoM kA unmukta cintana bhArata meM dharma aura darzana kA prArambha bahudevavAda aura bahuRpivAda se huaa| indra, varuNa, sUrya Adi vaidika devatAoM kA maulika rUpa abhautika nahIM, zatAMza meM bhautika hai / vibhinna bhautika tattvoM evaM halacaloM ko hI vahA~ devI-devatA ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai / unako lekara jo kahAniyA~ gathI gayIM, ve unakI mUla prakRti evaM prAcaraNa se nirapekSa nahIM hai| paurANika yuga meM nizcaya hI devI-devatAoM kA bhautika rUpa bahuta adhika projhala bana gyaa| kitane hI sAmpradAyika, sAMskRtika, kalAtmaka Arthika tatva inameM A mile aura sAmayika samasyAoM kI dRSTi se bhI inameM yathAsamaya ulaTaphera kiye gye| isa prakAra aupaniSadika yuga ke bAda se vaidika devIdevatA vizuddha bhautika na rahakara bhAva-kalpanA-nirmita iSTasiddhi ke rUpa (Deities) banate cale gye| para aupaniSadika yuga taka ke ina devI-devatAoM kA aura unakI arcA meM kiye jAne vAle yajJoM kA bauddhika-vaijJAnika mahattva spaSTa hai / upaniSatkAra RSiyoM ne jisa sarvocca devatA paramabrahma kI sthApanA kI, vaha bhI paigambaravAdiyoM kA pitA yA bAdazAha khudA nahIM hai, balki vaha parama tattva hai, jo anya sabhI bhautika tattvoM se sUkSmatama hai, una sabameM nihita, vyApta aura una sabase zaktizAlI hai| vaha zUnyavat hai, arUpa hai aura rUpa arthAt bhautika piNDa usameM se bane haiM, yaha nahIM ki usane banAye haiM / upaniSadoM kA brahma vyaktimaya (Personified) evaM bhUta-nirapekSa

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janendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 116 nahIM hai aura use bauddhika-vaijJAnika prayAsa kA viSaya banAyA jA sakatA hai / devIdevatAoM aura para-hma ke upaniSada-kAla taka ke bhautika-vaijJAnika svarUpa aura Age unake arcanAtmaka, sAMskRtika evaM paurANika svarUpa kA vikAsa bhArata kI bahuRSiprathA ke kAraNa hI saMbhava ho sakA / devatAoM kI bahusaMkhyA aura darzana, jJAnavijJAna kI ananta zAkhAeM, jinakA vikAsa bhArata meM huA, bhAratIya paramparA meM vartamAna mukta vicAraNA aura mukta prayAsa kI pramANa haiN| darzana kA dizA-parivartana para vaidika aupaniSadika kAla kI sarvagrAsI ucchalita jijJAsA Age bar3hakara tathAkathita adhyAtma meM hI nibaddha kyoM ho gayI aura usane jagat, zarIra aura bhautikatA ke prati pUrNa niSedha kA rukha kyoM apanA liyA, yaha bhAratIya dharma, darzana aura itihAsa kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai / bhAratIya mAnasa ne kisa dina aura kisa preraNA ke vaza hokara jaganmAyA, jaganmizyA kI ora pahalA kadama bar3hAyA, yaha ajJAta hai / para vaidika, aupaniSadika darzana vicAraNA se ekadama viparIta karma, zarIra aura jagat ko duHkha kA mUla mAnanevAlI vegavatI bauddha-jaina dhArA mAtra pratikriyA nahIM hai, prAkasmika nahIM hai / usakA mUla kahIM sudUra atIta meM hai, isase inakAra nahIM honA caahie| kucha bhI huA ho, vaidika svIkArAtmaka ullAsavAda-karmavAda meM aura nakArAtmaka duHkhavAda-mithyAvAda meM eka spaSTa antarvirodha hai / isa duHkha vAda-mithyAvAda ke prabhAva ne bhAratIya-darzana ke sarvagrAhI unmukta pravAha ko avaruddha kara diyA aura usako tathAkathita adhyAtma ke ghere meM ghUmanevAlA kolhU kA baila banA diyaa| upaniSad-kAla ke bAda bhAratIya darzana meM adhyAtma, AtmA, brahma Adi uktiyoM kA artha hI badalakara zarIra, prakRti aura jagat kA pUrNa niSedha ho gayA / yaha niSedhAtmaka duHkhavAda pUre pUrva eziyA meM vyApta huA aura yUnAnI darzana kI sophisTa zAkhA, IsAiyata aura islAma ke sUphiyoM para usakA prabhAva par3A / vedAnta kA paravartI rUpa (zAMkara ahaMta) duHkhavAda-niSedhavAda kA hI vaMdika saMskaraNa hai| isa duHkhavAda-niSedhavAda ke praveza ko bhAratIya kyA, vizvabhara ke dharma-darzana meM eka granthi (kAmleksa) kA praveza mAnanA hogaa| yaha dharma-darzana kI ekadezIyatA kA sabase bar3A kAraNa banA / mujhe lagatA hai, bauddha-jaina dhArA meM kucha paigambaravAdI tattva bhI nihita rahe, jo paravartI paurANika dharma meM bhI pravi' Ta aura vikasita hue / inhoMne bhI darzana ke vikAsa ko kuNTita kiyA aura andhazraddhAtmaka ekAMgI mAnyatAoM ko rUr3ha bnaayaa| dharma-darzana kI ekadezIyatA hI aAja ke bhautika vijJAna kI carama-ekAMgitA kI preraka banI, yaha Upara kahA jA cukA hai|

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120 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva vargIkaraNa kA nayA prAdhAra zAyada dArzanika mata-vicAraNA kA mApadaNDa aba badalanA hogA / dArzanika matoM kA vargIkaraNa prAstika-nAstika, prAdhyAtmika-bhautika AdhAra para kiye jAne ke badale nitAnta-sApekSa (Exclusive-Inclusive) AdhAra para kiyA jAnA cAhie / hara satya kA marma sApekSa banakara hI surakSita raha sakatA hai / saiddhAntika tala para yaha bAta sarvathA satya hai ki karma bandhana kA aura jagat duHkha kA mUla hai / para isa satya ke virodhI jaise dIkhanevAle dUsare satya, ki karma se hI mukti mila sakatI hai aura jagat carama sukha kA kAraNa bhI bana sakatA hai--ko kyA nirAdhAra aura jhUTha mAnanA hogA ? yaha carama satya hai ki zUnya hI tathya hai / ina sthUla piNDoM ko paramANuoM kyA, paramatama aNuoM meM TUTakara mahAzUnya meM laya ho jAnA hai| isaliye yaha jagata asthAyI hai, jhUThA hai, mAyA hai / para mahAzUnya meM se phira naye piNDa baneMge aura naye jagat prakaTa hoMge, yaha satya kyA mAyA siddhAnta se kama mahattvapUrNa hai ? mahAzUnya meMsUkSmatama rUpa meM hI sahI---sAre bhUta, sArI bhautikatA nitya vartamAna rahatI hai, yaha taya kyA upekSaNIya hai ? mAnava kyA kevala AtmA yA kevala zarIra ko lekara jI sakatA hai ? yaha tathya hai ki AtmikatA aura bhautikatA doSoM ko sAtha liye binA satyAnubhUti aura satya-sAkSAtkAra asambhava hai / isI bAta ko dRSTi meM rakhakara maiMne eka aora adhyAtmavAda, zUnyavAda aura mAyAvAda ko aura dUsarI ora nire vaijJAnika bhautikavAda ko ekadezIya batAyA hai| unake prati azraddhA prakaTa karanA merA uddezya nahIM hai / vedAntiyoM ke 'ahaM brahmAsmi' aura bhautikavAdiyoM ke 'vyaktivAda-samAjavAda' meM chapI amogha preraNA nissAra nahIM hai / para jisa stara para mAnava-medhA pahu~ca cakI hai, vahA~ unakI ekAMgitA ko samajha lenA bhI to bahuta Avazyaka hai / ekAMgI zUnyavAdamAyAvAda ne bhArata ke vaiyaktika-sAmUhika puruSArtha ko kitanA kSaya kiyA aura use bAhya AkramaNoM ke lie unmukta kara diyA, isakA aitihAsika adhyayana utanA hI anivArya hai, jitanA isa bAta kA ki bIsavIM sadI ke pUrvArddha mAtra meM do pralayaMkara vizvayuddha mAnava kI kisa hInatA ke kAraNa sambhava ho pAye / ekAMgitA kI dRSTi se adhyAtma-bhautika donoM darzanoM ko eka zreNI meM rakhanA mujhe upayogI lagatA hai| aura dusarI zreNI meM una darzanoM ko rakhA jAnA cAhie, jo ina donoM ko sApekSa mAnakara calate haiN| prastuta prazna Aja kA vaijJAnika mAnava yadi tatkAla hI upayukta dUsarI zreNI ke sApekSatAvAdI arthAt adhyAtma-bhautikavAda ko paraspara pUraka rUpa meM lekara calanevAle eka naye sarvAMgINa darzana ko na apanA sakA, to vartamAna sabhyatA kA vinAza nizcita hai|

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 121 carama satya aura sthUla vyavahAra kyA ina donoM ko samAna mpa se sAdhane kI kSamatA hamArI vartamAna sA yatA rakhatI hai ?- -yaha prastuta prazna hai, jo Aja darzana ko vartamAna vaijJAnika saMskRti ke sAmane rakhatA hai / jitanI zakti se dazaMna isa prazna ko mAnava samAja ke sAmane rakha pAyegA, utanI hI usakI mahattA aura kRtArthatA siddha hogii| unnIsavIM aura bIsavIM sadI ke kitane hI dArzanikoM ne upayukta prazna ko cheDA hai aura usa para apane-apane DhaMga se vicAra kiyA hai / bhArata meM svAmI vivekAnaMda ne pahalI bAra isa sabhyatA kI gambhIratA kA anubhava kiyaa| unakI pracaNDa vAgI meM adhyAtma aura bhautikavAda mAnoM gala-pighalakara eka bana gaye / para svAmIjI ke samaya meM vijJAna kA bhaya utanA ugra nahIM bana pAyA thA, jitanA vaha aAja hai / isa prazna ko sabase adhika Thosa aura prakhara rUpa meM mahAtmA gA~dhI ne rakhA / para unhoMne aisA vANI ke mAdhyama se nahIM, karma ke mAdhyama se kiyA, jisake artha usake sattva se mAlUma par3atA hai, aAja bahuta dUra par3a cale haiM / kAvya-zailI se kavIndra ravIndra ne aura dArzanika vivecana kI paddhati apanAkara zrI aravinda ne upayukta prazna ko hI grAja kI mAnavatA ke sAmane uThAyA / para yaha prazna abhI bhI mAnava-jAti ke antagala meM utara nahIM pAyA hai| hama samanvaya yA santulana kA mahattva samajha nahIM pAte haiM / usako apane rakta meM gholanA hameM avazya mAlUma par3atA hai / hamArI 'carama satya' aura 'sthUla-vyavahAra' kI samajha bArIka, sApekSa aura vyAvahArika nahIM hai, kyoMki adhikatara dArzanikoM ne inakA vivecana bauddhika stara para kiyA hai, zraddhA ke stara para nhiiN| jainendra-darzana jainendrajI sApekSatAvAdI cintakoM kI paramparA meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| unhoMne samanvaya ke mahAprazna ko uThAyA hai aura usa para kevala bauddhika rUpa meM nahIM, hArdika tala para vicAra kiyA hai| unakA darzana isa yuga ke liye anivArya dUsarI zreNI kA hai| unakI vicAraNA zraddhAtmaka santulana se santulita hai / vaha paraspara virodhI mAnyatAoM se TakarAtI huI nahIM, balki unheM apane meM sahejatI-sameTatI calatI haiN| vibhinna tattvoM kA unakA vizleSaNa mAtra paramparAgata athavA akAdamIya na hokara maulika evaM akATya haiM / unhoMne apanI vicAraNA ko vizuddha yA yAtmika athavA mAtra bhautika tala para na TikAkara brahma aura ahaM ke usa mUla svarUpa para aAdhArita kiyA hai, jisameM prAtmA aura piNDa donoM sahaja samAviSTa haiM, jahA~ una donoM meM graMthiyA~ nahIM haiM aura ve advaita rUpa meM prakRta akRtrima AcaraNa karate haiM / cAra mala tarava ___ maiMne 'bhAratI' meM prakAzita apane lekha 'janendra-darzana ke mUla tattva' meM jainendradarzana ko cAra mUla tattvoM para AdhArita kiyA thaa| ye haiM : (1) brahma athavA

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122 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitya AstikatA ( 2 ) grahaM ( 3 ) svaparatA kI cunautI athavA parasparatA ( 4 ) grahiMsA | jainendrajI jIvana-jagat ke zAzvata praznoM kA kyA samAdhAna prastuta karate haiM aura hamArI vaijJAnika sabhyatA ke sAmane upasthita adhyAtma-bhautikavAda ke santulana kI samasyA ko unhoMne kitanI gaharAI se anubhava kiyA hai, isakI kucha jhAMkI zrAge uparyukta cAra mUla tattvoM kA vivecana karate hue de pAne kA prayAsa maiM karU~gA / brahma kI khoja meM pahalA caraNa 'jisake bAre meM hama kucha batA nahIM sakate, usake bAre meM hameM cupa rahanA cAhiye / ' vinstIna kI yaha ukti yadyapi Izvara ke astitva aura svarUpa para pUrI taraha sahI utaratI hai, taba bhI mAnava kI buddhi aura usakI vAraNI Izvara ke viSaya meM kabhI bhI niSkriya nahIM rahI / Izvara mAnava prajJA ke sAmane upasthita sabase vikaTa rahasya hai | mAnava ne apane astitva ke sudUra zrAdikAla se Aja taka isa rahasya ke udghATana kA anavarata prayAsa kiyA hai / isa prayAsa ke pragati krama kA kucha adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa vicitra virAT sRSTi meM purAtana mAnava kI aparipakva buddhi ne jina vibhinna durddharSa zaktiyoM ko sakriya pAyA, unako usane apanI kalpanA ke dvArA mAnavI, mAnavetara athavA mizrita kAyA vastra pahanAkara apane devI-devatA banA liyA aura unakI pUjA ke lie bRhad mandiroM, rahasyamaya vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM bhayAnaka paramoraMjaka prathAoMoM kI sRSTi kii| misrI, yUnAnI aura romana devI-devatAoM ke citra dekhakara aura unake kArya-kalApoM ke vivaraNa par3hakara patA calatA hai ki Adima mAnava ne Izvara ko vibhakta bhautika zaktiyoM ke rUpa meM dekhA aura smjhaa| usake anusAra saMsAra aura mAnava kA bhAgya ina krUra, niraMkuza zaktiyoM kI muTThI meM hai aura ye usake sAtha manamAnI karane meM amAnuSIya rasa lete haiM / para sabhI devatA aise nahIM haiM / kucha sarala, udAra aura sadaya bhI haiM, jo prAsurI zaktiyoM ke viruddha mAnava kI sahAyatA karate haiM aura use saubhAgya pradAna karate haiN| mAnava kI kalpanA ne ina surAsuroM ke bIca majedAra noka-jhoMka aura bhISaNa yuddha karAye haiM / homara ke iliyaDa proDIsI meM ina sabakA romAMcaka para anuraMjaka citra prastuta hai / eka vizeSa bAta yaha ki apanI vibhinna vRttiyoM, kAmanAoM, vAsanAoM kA Aropa bhI mAnava ne ina devI-devatAoM meM kiyA aura apanA jAtIya itihAsa bhI inakI kathAnoM meM gU~tha diyA / isa prakAra virAT bhautika zaktiyoM ko usane apanI suvidhA ke liye AkAra-baddha banA liyA aura adhikAMza bhaya se prerita hokara vaha unakI pUjA karane lagA / mAnava kI IzvarasambandhI isa antima kalpanA kA vizuddha namUnA yUnAnI devI-devatAoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / bhAratIya ( zrArya) devI-devatA bhI 'grIka gaoNDsa' ke samAna hI kalpita hue hoMge, para bhAratIya devI-devatAoM kA rUpa bhAratIya darzana aura saMskRti ke vikAsa ke

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 123 sAtha bahuta saMskRta aura pariSkRta ho gyaa| ve utane aAdima na rahe / dUsare ve prAraMbha se hI amUrta rahe, mUrta nahIM / bhAratIya kalpanA kA rukha zurU se hI mukSma kI ora bar3hA / grIka aura bhAratIya devatAoM kA antara bhAratIya 'indra' kI usake samakakSa grIka jiyasa' se tulanA karane para spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai / para ina sabhI Adima devI-devatAoM meM kucha samAna tattva spaSTa haiM / ina sabhI meM bhautika durddharSa zakti kA bolabAlA hai / ye amAnavIya, alaukika kAranAme karane meM sakSama haiM / mAnava kI buddhi ina zaktiyoM ke sthUla dRzya rUpa para hI aTakI hai / vaha inakI anekatA meM ekatA khojane aura pAne meM pravRtta nahIM ho pAyI hai / abhI mAnava sthUla sUkSma, dRzya-adRzya, bhautika-Atmika meM spaSTa vibheda-viveka nahIM rakhatA / vaha bhautika zaktiyoM ko apanI antarvattiyoM ke cazme se dekhatA aura samajhatA hai aura avacetana bhAva se donoM kA mizraNa kara upayukta devI-devatAoM kA nirmANa kara liyA hai / yaha Izvara kI khoja meM mAnava kA pahalA kadama thaa| ekezvaravAda prArambha meM hI yadyapi mAnava astitva kI samagratA ko lekara calA, para umakI gati saMbuddhi aura bhAva se hI prerita rahI, vibhedakarI prajJA kI zakti ume abhI upalabdha nahIM ho sakI thii| Age ina devatAoM kI niraMkuzatA se taMga sAmAjikarAjanItika-manovaijJAnika kAraNoM se vivaza mAnava ko eka dina anubhUti huI ki devI-devatAoM kI ina sthUla bhautika mUrtiyoM aura inake vikaTa caritroM meM asala sattva aura zakti kA nivAsa nahIM ho sakatA / zakti sthUla tattva nahIM hai, vaha mUkSma hai / vaha saguNa nahIM nirguNa hai, dRzya nahIM adRzya hai / nitya kI ghaTita ghaTanA mRtyu ne bhI kisI sUkSma tattva kI ora saMketa kiyA hogaa| isa prakAra dhArmika rUr3hiyoM ke bIca eka nayI cIja ne janma liyA, jise Aja kI bhASA meM rahasyavAda kahA jA sakatA hai / sUkSma aura adRzya kI ora bar3hate hue mAnasa ke caraNa do dizAoM meM ba~Ta gye| prathama caraNa ne anaginata devI-devatAoM meM eka ko sarvocca zaktizAlI aura devAdhipa ghoSita kiyA / yUnAniyoM kA jiyasa, yahUdiyoM kA jahovA, pAryo kA varuNa yA indra aise hI devatA the / yaha caraNa sIdhA ekezvaravAda-paigambara vAda taka pahu~ca gayA / IsAiyoM-musalamAnoM kA 'khudA' yahI pugatana sarvocca devatA hai, jisa para se mandiramUrti aura pUjA-arcanAoM kA prAvaraNa to utAra liyA gayA hai, para jisakI sarvazaktimAn niraMkuzatA ko surakSita rakha liyA gayA hai / yaha khudA upAsya, jJAtavya aura vivecya nahIM hai / yaha bahuta U~ce sAtaveM AsamAna para rahatA hai / isa taka to vinIta-bhayabhIta duAe~ hI mAnya paigambara ke mAdhyama se bhejI jA sakatI hai / ekezvara. vAda kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yahI hai ki isameM dRzyAdRzya, Atmika-bhautika kA vibheda

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124 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva jAne-paramAne vinA hI bhautika zaktiyoM se ekadama alaga aura sRSTi se bahuta dUra U~ce eka adRzya para sarvocca sraSTA, niraMkuza 'khudA' ko mAnyatA de dI gayI aura sraSTA-sRSTi kA dveta sthApita kara diyA gayA / jIva sRSTi kA aMga banA, sraSTA kA nhiiN| yaha Dhata devI-devatAoM ke yuga meM utanA nirdiSTa aura rUr3ha nahIM thaa| taba jaise devatA aura mAnava paraspara eka vicitra bhASaraNa krIr3A meM saMlagna the| samAna zrIr3A kA sthAna aba mAnava kI gulAmI ne le liyA / madhya-pazcima ( Middle-East ) ke deza Izvara ke sUkSma, adRzya brahmarUpa ko, usake uparyukta 'khudA' rUpa se kabhI bhI pRthak na kara paaye| isIlie vahA~ rahasya-sAdhanA yadyapi prArambha se hI rahI, para upaniSad ke RSiyoM kI sAdhanA jaisI svacchatA aura spaSTatA usameM kabhI na pA pAyI / donoM meM antara rahA aura vahI antara 'khadA' aura 'brahma' meM hai| brahma mAnava kA dUsarA caraNa devI-devatAoM ke jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3oM ko pAra kara brahma kI ora bar3hA / aisA bhArata meM hI ho sakA, kyoMki vaidika devatA bhautika zaktiyoM evaM paristhitiyoM ke amUrta pratIka hI rahe, mUrta, rUr3ha aura jar3a ve nahIM bana gaye / RSiyoM kA cintana sahaja rUpa usa sUkSmatama adRzya tattva kI ora bar3ha sakA, jo bhautika zaktiyoM kI preraNA hai aura sabhI dRzya padArthoM meM adRzya banakara vyApta hai| ise unhoMne sabhI devatAoM se parama kahA aura brahma nAma diyA / upaniSadoM kA yaha brahma vyakti nahIM, balki parama tattva aura carama satya hai / vahI sArI vAstavikatA kA srota hai / jagat usake hAthoM meM thamI vastu nahIM, balki usakA aMga hai / sRSTi usase banI hai / gAyada brahma usa sarva-vyApaka virAT UrjA, cetanA kA nAma hai, jisameM kramazaH sUkSmatara kAmanA (Will) nIti (Luv) aura vicAra (Idea) antargabhita haiM / koI jar3a padArtha sUkSma UrjA (Energy) zUnya nahIM / UrjA se sUkSma kAmanA, usase sUkSma nIti aura usase sUkSma vicAra hai / aura usase bhI sUkSma zAyada pIr3A hai| ye sabhI tattva brahma meM paratoM kI taraha nihita aura aNuoM kI taraha mizrita haiM / zAyada aisI hI kalpanA ke AdhAra para brahma ko sata-cit-grAnanda rUpa kahA gayA / para usakI adRzya sUkSmatA aura akalpanIya virATatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI mistrI rahasyavAdI ignetana (1375. 8 I0 pU0) se lekara propaniSadika brahmavAdI taka aura masIhImuslima sUphiyoM se lekara Adhunika rahasyavAdiyoM taka sabhI ne use buddhi, mana aura vacana se pare kahA / uparyukta sabhI tattva prAMzika-anupAtika rUpa meM jIvana meM nibaddha haiM / unakA sarvazreSTha anupAta mAnava meM upalabdha hai / 'ahaM brahmAsmi' 'zivo'haM' 'analahaka' Adi uktiyA~ inhIM arthoM meM zAyada sabase adhika sArthaka haiM /

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126 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva zAzvata hai / sthAyitva ke khojiyoM ne sUkSmatama ko hI brahma athavA paramAtmA kI saMjJA dI aura staroM ko mAnane se inakAra kara diyA / sUkSmatama ko chor3a sUkSma, sUkSmatara aura sthala saba upekSaNIya bana gaye, kyoMki unheM asala brahma kI nazvara nahIM, mAtra parivartanIya hai / prakRti sthUla brahma hai / AtmA yA paramAtmA ko sUkSmatama, parama, nitya tattva kA paryAya mAna liyA gayA / zarIra aura prakRti prAtmA-paramAtmA se pRthak dUra par3a gaye aura unheM abrahma kI saMjJA mila gyii| yaha bahuta kucha mrama ke kAraNa hI huA / pramANa yaha ki brahmavAdI 'puruSa' ne svayaM ko parama brahma kA pratIka aura 'strI' ko prakRti kA pratIka ghoSita kiyA / yaha ghoSaNA hAsyAspada aura asat hai / taMttirIyopaniSad meM AtmA zabda zarIra se brahma taka ke lie prayukta hunA hai / vahA~ prANamaya AtmA, manomaya AtmA, vijJAnamaya AtmA, Anandamaya AtmA kA varNana hai / bhaga ke AkhyAna meM anna ko brahma kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM prAtmA nAma 'sat' (astitva) kI samagratA ko diyA gayA hai, mAtra garbhastha sUkSmatama ko nhiiN| 'AtmikatA', 'prAtmIyatA' Adi uktiyA~ bhI kisI sUkSmatama ke artha meM prayukta nahIM hotIM / unakA artha parasparatA hotA hai aura parasparatA ekAMgI sUkSma-stara para nahIM, samagra ke nala para hI sambhava hai| isa prakAra brahma ko virAT samagratA ke rUpa meM dekhanA aura mAnanA sabhI dRSTiyoM se sArthaka aura upayogI hai / gItA ke virATa rUpa darzana ke mAdhyama se zAyada yahI bAta kahI gayI hai / hindU-darzana meM brahma kA samagra rUpa svIkRta para upaniSad kAla ke bAda usakA ekAMgI AdhyAtmika paramasUkSma rUpa mAnasa meM prati SThita ho gyaa| yaha pratiSThA hI mAyAvAda kA preraNA-srota banI / prAstikatA ___ upaniSad ke RSiyoM se lekara Adhunika vicArakoM taka kitanoM ne hI brahma ke upayukta samagra virATa rUpa kA samaya-samaya para sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai / yahI sAkSAkAra jainendra jI ne bhI kiyA aura usI meM se unheM ve udbhAvanAe~ milIM, jo bArabAra chupa jAne vAle sUkSma satya ko udghATita karatI haiM / jainendrajI ne isa bhrama ko vizvAsa aura upAsanA kA viSaya mAtra na rahane dekara vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika aura Arthika AcAra-vicAra ke preraka srota ke rUpa meM isakI atyanta vaijJAnika aura akATya vyAkhyA kI hai, jo unakI sabase bar3I dena hai / uparyukta samagra brahma meM vizvAsa hI unakI AstikatA hai aura yahI grAstikatA unake darzana kA pahalA tattva hai| ahaM kA prArambha phizte ne brahma kA varNana usa parama puruSa ke rUpa meM kiyA hai, jo apanI ekatA se Ubakara svayaM ko anekatA meM vibhAjita kara letA hai, jisase vaha apane hI eka aMza

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 127 ko dUsare aMza kI A~khoM se parakhane kA majA le sake / upaniSadoM meM bhI varNana hai ki brahma ne IkSaNa kiyA aura usake saMkalpa mAtra se saSTi utpanna ho gyii| sRSTi kA artha hI hai vividhatA, anektaa| bAdarAyaNa kI mAnyatA hai, sRSTi se pahale usake asad hone kA artha usakA prabhAva nahIM hai / arthAt sthUla tattva athavA piNDa vizeSa sUkSmatama rUpa meM parivartita hokara bhI apane vyaktigata sattva ko surakSita rakhate haiM / unake sthUla rUpa ke anastitva ko unakA prabhAva na mAna liyA jAya / paramANuoM meM paraspara vibhinnatA hai| sAMkhya meM anaginata nitya puruSoM athavA jIvAtmAoM kA astitva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra eka pakSa yaha huA ki sUkSmatA kI carama sthiti meM bhI tattvoM kA vaividhya surakSita rahatA hai / dUsarA pakSa yaha ki vahA~ vividhatA nahIM rahatI; anta meM basa ekatA hI zeSa bacatI hai / zAyada saca yaha hai ki antima avasthA meM pahuMcakara anekatA itanI aceta aura tadgata bana jAtI hai ki mAno asad hI ho uThatI hai / brahma jaise sAgara hai aura usake antastala meM laharoM kI anekatA nahIM hai| sUkSmatama vicAra ( Idea ) se sthUla piNDa taka astitva ke vividha srota brahma sAgara meM paryavasita, vilupta ho jAte haiM aura brahma meM saSTi-saMkalpa utpanna hote hI phira se prakaTa hone meM dera nahIM lagAte / virAT brahma meM vilIna bhautika tattva, cetana jIva aura jar3a vastu jisa kSaraNa apanI vijita pRthaktA ko prApta karate aura paraspara kriyA-pratikriyA, ghAta-pratighAta kA krama prArambha karate haiM, isI kSaNa se jainendra tattva, jIva, piNDa ke vyaktigata ahaM kI sattA svIkAra karate haiN| prahantA aura prAtmatA maiM samajhatA hU~ 'ahaM' arthAt 'maiM' kevala cetana jIva taka sImita nahIM hai| jar3a bhI apanA 'maiM' pana, apanI ahantA, rakhatI hai, yadyapi use usakA bodha, usakI anubhUti nahIM hai aura usameM apane 'maiM' pana kI dUsare ke 'maiM' para Aropita karane kI icchA athavA kSamatA bhI nahIM hotii| jar3atA pUrI taraha pravAha para Azrita hotI hai / pravAha ko cunautI vaha nahIM de sktii| cetanA vaisA kara sakatI hai| isaliye jIva kA 'ahaM' vyakta, prakhara aura sakriya hotA hai, jaba ki jar3a kA 'graha' avyakta aura niSkriya / para jar3a meM bhI UrjA hai aura eka dhAtu meM nihita UrjA dUsarI dhAtU meM nihita UrjA se vividha hai / yaha vividhatA jar3a ke bhI 'ahaM' kI sthApanA karatI hai / jIva kI cetanA aura jar3a kI UrjA meM antara hai / eka meM kAmanA hai, dUsare meM nhiiN| para donoM eka hI parama preraNA se cAlita haiM / tabhI cetanA UrjA kA upayoga karatI hai aura UrjA cetanA ko jIvana dAna detI hai / astu / asaMkhya graha, dharatI, bhUta, jIva, parvata, nadiyA~, vRkSa, phala, phUla, aNu, paramANu saba apanI-apanI ahantA rakhate

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128 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva haiM / apanI-apanI pAtmatA rakhate haiM / 'prahantA' aura 'pAtmatA' ko yahA~ pracalita laukika athavA naitika artha meM na lekara vaijJAnika artha meM hI lenA hogA / prahantA arthAt aMza kA pUrNa se bhinna astitva aura AtmatA arthAt aMza kA samagra vyaktitva / jainendra isa vyaktigata astitva ke 'ahaM' ko sRSTi aura jIvana kA kendra mAnate haiM, kyoMki 'ahaM' kI sattA ke sAtha hI sRSTi aura jIvana kA prArambha hai aura usake kSaya ke sAtha unakA vilaya / prahaM kI sajagatA aura sakriyatA vaijJAnika arthoM meM jIva aura piNDa donoM ke 'ahaM' kI sattA svIkAra karate hue bhI vyAvahArika arthoM meM cetana prANiyoM ke hI 'ahaM' ko jAnA Ara mAnA jAtA hai| prANi-mAtra meM bhI mAnava-prANI kA 'ahaM' sarvAdhika saceta aura sateja hai aura usameM bhagavatpravAha ke anubhava usakI abhivyakti aura usako prabhAvita karane kI sarvAdhika kSamatA hai| mAnavetara prANI bhagavatpravAha kA aAMzika anubhava bhale hI kara leM, para usakI abhivyakti aura usako prabhAvita kara pAne kA viveka-bala unako nahIM milA hai / anya prANiyoM kA 'ahaM' rUr3ha aura jAtigata hai, jaba ki mAnavIya 'ahaM' vyaktigata aura vikAsazIla hai| yaha vikAsazIlatA mAnava ko prApta prajJA ke kAraNa hI sambhava huI hai| prajJA brahma ke saMkalpa evaM vicAra ( Idea ) kA aMza hai, jo mAnavetara jIvoM ko upalabdha nahIM hai / unake mAnasa kA vikAsa cetanA-stara taka hI huA hai ? unameM ( Instincts ) kI pradhAnatA hai / mAnava meM inyaTikTasa haiM, para prajJA unake Upara sthApita hai / pratIta hogA ki yahA~ 'ahaM' kA artha vyavitagata yA jAtigata mAnasa athavA caritra ho gayA hai aura bhautika astitva kI upekSA ho gayI hai / para bhautika astitva samasta prANiyoM meM itanA adhika sthira aura usakA vikAsa itanA adhika adRzya hai ki vaha saviveSa nahIM rahatA aura mAnasika 'ahaM meM nihita ---svIkRta mAna liyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra 'ahaM' aMza ke astitva hI nahIM, usakI gati aura usake AcaraNa-caritra kA paryAya bhI bana jAtA hai| vastutaH graMzatA ke ananubhUta astitva se hI nahIM, aMza dvArA usakI saceta anubhUti aura kriyA-pratikriyA se bhI ahaM kA prArambha hai / apane astitva ke prati isa sajagatA aura saceta sakriyatA ko hI jainendrajI ahaM nAma dete hai / vaise ahaM koI pRthaka bhautika tattva nahIM hai| samagra prahaM ko samajhanA ___ ahaM kA laukika evaM nakArAtmaka bhAva ahaMkAra zabda meM nihita hai, jisakA artha garva yA ghamaNDa kiyA jAtA hai| para jainendra ke 'ahaM' kA yaha sImita artha nahIM hai / vaha samagrAtmaka hai| usameM sirpha aMza ke astitva ke, sabhI staroM ( bhautika,

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126 jainendra ko dArzanika vicAraNA pramANika, mAnasika, bauddhika ) kA hI samAveza nahIM hai, usakI donoM prakAra kI pravR. ttayoM kA bhI usameM grahaNa hai / ye pravRttiyA~ haiM-praza kA zeSa ke prati mata samarpaNa kA bhAva aura usakA. zeSa ke prati niSedha aura haTha kA bhAva / ina donoM pravRttiyoM ko hI jainendra jI kramazaH ahiMsA evaM hiMsA nAma dete haiM aura ye hI dvandva kI AdhArazilA haiN| yaha hai jainendrajI kA 'ahaM' jisakI sahI samajha bahuta Avazyaka hai / isa 'ahaM' ko laukika, niSedhAtmaka artha meM grahaNa karake hI jainendrajI ke kaI Alocaka unake pAtroM kI truTipUrNa pAlocanA kara gaye haiN| vAstava meM kisI bhI mAnava athavA dhArA ko sahI rUpa meM samajhane ke liye usake 'ahaM' ko uparyukta sarvAgINa rUpa meM ( astitva evaM pravRtti donoM dRSTiyoM se ) Atmagata kara lenA anivArya hai, nahIM to usake prati doSapUrNa ekAMgI rukha apanAne kA khatarA hameM uThAnA hogA aura hama ghaTanA athavA samasyA ke prati pUrNa nyAya nahIM kara pAyeMge / sahAnubhUti kA artha dambha dikhAnA nahIM hai / usakA artha hai, viSayI dvArA viSaya ke sAtha, viSaya kI dRSTi se socanA, anubhava krnaa| tabhI hama samakSa mAnava athavA dhArA vizeSa kA gUr3ha, satya jJAna prApta kara sakate haiN| saMgaThita sAmUhika ahaM / jainendrajI kI mAnyatA hai ki 'ahaM' kevala vyakti kA hI nahIM hotA, samUha kA bhI saMgaThita 'maha' hotA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki rASTravAda, pUjIvAda aura samAjavAda aise hI saMzliSTa saMgaThita 'ahaM' haiM / sAmUhika 'ahaM' kA AcaraNa ThIka vyaktigata ahaM jaisA hI hotA hai / jainendra jI isa vizvAsa kA khaNDana karate haiM ki samUhoM, saMgaThanoM kA prAcaraNa anivArya rUpa se vyakti ko prokSA hI adhika udAra ahiMsAtmaka evaM zubha hotA hai| unakA kahanA hai, dAyarA phaila jAne se prakRti aura pravRtti meM antara nahIM par3a jAtA / vyakti ho yA samUha, jaba taka usakA 'ahaM' zeSa ke prati svIkArAsmaka-samarpaNAtmaka nahIM hogA, taba taka usase kalyANa kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / isalie ve rASTravAda, pUMjIvAda yA samAjavAda ke prazaMsaka nahIM dIkha pAte, kyoMki ye sabhI choTe-bar3e dAyare haThavAdI hiMsAtmaka rukha apanAkara khar3e hote aura calate haiN| jitanA sImita hita ye kara pAte haiM, usase kahIM asIma dvandva, trAsa evaM hrAsa ke preraka ye jJAna hI bana jAte haiM / jainendra jI kI mAnyatA hai ki vyakti, samUhoM aura saMgaThanoM ke antargarbha meM se jaba taka ahaM kI isa niSedhAtmakatA aura haThavAditA ko pahacAnA aura pakar3A nahIM jAyagA aura use samarpaNAtmaka, samanvayAtmaka nahIM banAyA jAyagA, taba taka yuddhoM kA samUlonmUlana asambhava hai / janendrajI aAja ke prAtaka aura trAsa kA jimmevAra vijJAna ko nahIM, 'ahaM' ke isa para-niSedhAtmaka rukha ko hI mAnate haiM / unakI sammati meM vijJAna sahAyaka hai / vaha jo abarodhaka banA hai, vaisA

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva 130 usake niSedhAtmaka ahaM ke hAthoM meM par3a jAne ke kAraNa hI huA hai / isaliye samasyA vijJAna kI nahIM, 'ahaM' kI hai / ) zrAja buddhivAdiyoM evaM dArzanikoM kA sabase bar3A katrtavya isa ahaM kA saMskAra karanA hI ho jAtA hai ( aura z2aba zrahaM saMskRta arthAt zeSa ke prati samarpaNAtmaka ho jAtA hai, taba vyaktivAda aura samAjavAda - samUhavAda donoM hI samAna rUpa se kalyANamaya bana jAte haiM / aisA na hone para vyakti samAja ke hAthoM aura samAja vyakti ke hAthoM meM khilaunA banakara raha jAtA hai / ho sakatA hai, ahaM kA aisA pariSkAra asambhava kalpanA hI mAnA jAya, para use prajJA ke sAmane nirantara upasthita rakhe, yaha mAnavatA ke buddhirtatattva kA karttavya bana jAtA hai / ahaM ko isa rUpa meM dekhanA nizcaya hI jainendra- vicAraNA kI sabase mahattvapUrNa dena hai / vyakti zrahaM ko gAliyA~ dene se hama kisI natIje para nahIM pahu~cege, kyoMki jainendrajI kA kahanA hai ki hama hara ghar3I vyakti ( prajJA - zakti - bhAvanA ) ke hI samparka meM to zrAte haiM / tathAkathita samAja ghaTaka se hamArA sAmanA kabhI nahIM hotA / aMza zrahaM brahma prAvRta yAnI ahaM meM abhi ahaM ke sambandha meM dUsarA sabase vizeSa tathya yaha hai ki zrahaM aMza aura zeSa bhagavattA (pUrNa astitva) ke bIca eka anivArya dvAra hai, jisa prakAra dvAra ke mAdhyama se ghara zeSa sRSTi ke bhautika tattvoM, AkAza, parvata, jala, dharatI, anna tathA anya prANiyoM se jur3A hotA hai, usI prakAra aMza bhI zeSa bhagavattA ke ta, cetanA, kAmanA, nIti, vicAra Adi sabhI aMgoM se jur3A hai / brahma svayaM ko aMza vyakta karatA hai / ahaM zeSa kA aMza hai / svayaM ko aMza mAnane kI bhAvanA grahaM meM jitanI vikasita aura dRr3ha hotI hai, utanA hI ahaM vistRta bana jAtA hai aura pUrNatA utane hI vega se vyakti-mAnasa ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta hone lagatI hai / taba ahaM kI dIvAreM jaise pAradarzI bana jAtI haiM / sampUrNa brahma ahaM meM phUTA par3ane lagatA hai / isa prakAra jainendra vyakta mAnasikatA ( Conscious Mind) ke nIce kisI rahasyamaya andhakAramaya granthibhaya avacetana mAnasikatA ( Sub- Couscious Mind) kI sattA ko nahIM, brahma ko hI mAnate haiM / avacetana ke sattA se eka kuTila AtaMka kI -sI dhvani nikalatI hai / use hama azubha mAna lete haiM / para vyakta, dRzya, mAnava-vyaktitva ke nIce jo avyakta, adRzya chupA hai, use kuTila aura azubha mAnane kI AvazyakatA jainendrajI ko nahIM dIkha par3atI / varan ve usa tathAkathita avyakta, adRzya avacetana ko brahma kI saMjJA dete haiM, brahma meM ananta sambhAvanAe~ nihita haiM / yadi vyakti - zrahaM zeSa bhagavattA ke prati unmukha rahe, to vyakti kI sambhAvanAe~ guNAnuguNita hotI haiM / yadi zrahaM sirpha sva meM kendrita rahe, to ve saMkucita avaruddha hotI haiM / jahA~ taka pAzcAtya manovijJAna ke granthi-siddhAnta kA sambandha hai, jainendrajI use yathAvat svIkAra nahIM karate / usakI

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 131 kArya-kAraNa vyavasthA, vizeSakara phrAyaDa kI vyaktiniSTha vyAkhyA unheM mAnya nahIM / ve vyakti ahaM kI sva-kendritA aura para niSedhaka haThavAditA ko graMthiyoM ke banane kA kAraNa aura usakI samarpaNAtmakatA ko unake khulane aura mAnasa ke svaccha hone kA uya mAnate haiM / para granthi zabda ke prayoga meM hI jainendrajI kI vizeSa zraddhA nahIM hai / ve ahaM aura brahma (samaya) kI isa parasparatA ko aura vyakti ke brahma (samagra) dvArA vRta hone kI satyatA ko hI manovijJAna kA AdhAra kahate haiM / juraMga ne avacetana ke bheda kie haiM, vyaktigata avacetana aura sAmUhika avacetana aura isa prakAra usane vyakti-ma - mAnasa ke nIce samagra ke astitva ko prAMzika rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA / yadi isa parasparAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya, to manovijJAna para eka nayA prakAza par3atA hai aura svayaM manovijJAna kI graMthiyAM khulatI haiN| taba avacetana-cetana buddhi-sambuddhi paraspara virodhI hone ke badale sahayogI siddha ho jAte haiM / juraMga ne isa sahayoga kI sambhAvanA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / vyakti mAnasa ko granthiyoM kI gulabhaTa mAtra mAna baiThanA aura una graMthiyoM ko mAtra sA~sArika tRptiyoM se kholane kA prayAsa karanA roga kA sahI vaijJAnika nidAna nahIM hai| mAnava ke prati itanA gravizvAsI honA aura , tala se chUne kA prayatna mana aura buddhi se bahuta karanA prabhAvI nahIM ho sakatA / gahare meM usake ahaM kI dudhArI usake roga ko itane UparI usake roga kA mUla iMdriya, ( para-strIkAra, para-niSedhAtmaka) pravRttiyo meM nihita hai / zrahaM jIva ko brahma kI ora se milI eka sattA hai / jIva kI kRtArthakatA usa sattA ko samarpita karane meM hai, ki haTha se use jar3IbhUta aura graMthimaya banAne meM zrahaM kI kasauTI parasparatA ahaM tattva kA adhyayana itane se hI pUrA nahIM ho jAtA / ahaM kI kasauTI para - sparatA hai / ahaM kA para- svIkAra aura samarpaNa bhAva usakA zukla pakSa, usakI priyatA aura naitikatA hai / aura usakA para-niSedhAtmaka haThavAda usakI apriyatA aura anaM tikatA / isa naitikatA anaitikatA kI jA~ca tabhI ho sakatI hai, jaba eka graha anya cetana-acetana ahaM zaktiyoM ke samparka meM AtA hai / Upara grahaM aura brahma kI paraspa ratA kA jikra A cukA hai / isa parasparatA para vistRta vicAra kie binA zrahaM kI gati aura usake AcaraNa kA pUrA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA aura zeSa ke sAtha usakI sApekSatA ko samajhA nahIM jA sakatA / hama grAge dekheMge ki sabhyatAoM-saMskRtiyoM kI unnatAvanata avasthA isI bAta para nirbhara karatI hai ki parasparatA ko kitanA priya, sahaja aura samagra ve banA pAyIM / parasparatA kI isa samasyA ke hala kI koziza meM hI sArA jJAna-vijJAna vikasita huA / isa samasyA ke kaI rUpa haiM / aura vibhinna cetana-acetana grahaM zaktiyoM kI parasparatA; prANi-jagat aura bhUta-prakRti kI paraspa

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132 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva / ratA; mAnava-mAnava kI parasparatA / yadyapi mAnava ke liye sabase adhika tAtkAlika mahatva kI cIja mAnava-mAnava ke bIca kA sambandha hI hai, para pahale aura dUsare rUpa se bhI usakA kama sIdhA riztA nahIM hai| vastutaH ahaM kI hara sakriyatA samasyA ke uparyukta tInoM rUpoM se ghaniSTa hokara hI kriyamANa ho sakatI hai / brahma-jIva pAraspayaM brahma kA svarUpa kyA hai, yaha pahale hI vicAra kA viSaya bana cakA hai / astitva kI samagratA, pUrNatA kA nAma hI brahma hai; mAnava kI sImita buddhi usakI yahI paribhASA kara sakatI hai| sAre graha, loka usa samagra, pUrNa ke tuccha aMza haiM / saba apanI-apanI sImita kakSAoM meM ghUmate haiM aura eka-dUsare ke sAtha aTUTa AkarSaNa aura sambandha meM baMdhe haiM / saba eka-para ko prabhAvita karate haiM / kSaNa-kSaraNa ina grahoM kA pralaya aura nUtana nirmANa ho rahA hai / mAnava-kalpanA ke lie antarikSa meM sadhe ina virATa graha-maNDaloM ke aura unakI parasparatA ke citra ko prAtmagata karanA asambhava hai, para anAdikAla se ye hamArI bhAva-kalpanA, jijJAsA aura khoja ke viSaya rahe haiN| aMtarikSa vijJAna isI khoja kA pariNAma hai / hamArI apanI dharatI para jo nAnA visphoTa, jvAra-bhATe aura bhautika parivartana hote haiM, ve bhI samaga kI preraNA se nirapekSa nahIM. hote / vartamAna vibhinna RtuoM, dhAtuoM, vanaspatiyoM, jIvoM kI yaha viSamatA-vividhatA zeSa samagra meM upasthita nAnAtva se asambaddha nahIM hai / brahma aura jIva ke sambandha para to dharma, darzana aura vijJAna sabhI ne khulakara vicAra kiyA hai| jyotiSa aura bhAgyavAda isI vicAraNA ke adhakacare phala haiM / asala meM jo samagra , bhautika zaktiyoM antarikSa ke grahoM, unakI kiraNoM ke rUpa meM prANa-jagat ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura isa prakAra usake bhaviSya kA nirmANa karatA hai, usakA sampUrNa jJAna na mAnava aAja taka prApta kara sakA hai aura na hI vijJAna kI sahAyatA se zAyada vaha kara sakegA / jitanA hama jAna pAte haiM, utanA hI agAdha aMdherA hamAre sAmane laharA uThatA hai| isIlie prANI ke kyA, hara astitva ke bhAgya ko ajJeya kahA gayA hai aura jainendrajI ajJAta ke ajJeya bane rahane meM hI AkarSaNa aura zubhatA dekhate haiM / zeSa virATa meM nihita sambhAvanAoM ke vyakti-ahaM meM prAMzika praveza pA lene para hI mahAna pratibhAeM janma letIM aura vikasita hotI haiM / aisA tabhI hotA hai, jaba vyakti ahaM kA dvAra avaruddha nahIM, unmukta hotA hai / jainendra jI pratibhAoM kI utpatti kA yahI spaSTIkaraNa dete haiM / aura jaba ahaM ke dara-dIvAra ekadama pAradarzI, vAyavya bana jAte haiM, taba RSiyoM, paigambaroM aura samarpita bhaktoM-premiyoM kI sRSTi hotI hai / sarvagrAsI parasparatA kI samucita sAdhanA ke lie isa brahma-jIva kI parasparatA ko jAnanA-mAnanA, upalabdha

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 133 karanA bahuta Avazyaka hai / hara bhakta, dArzanika aura kavi ne Izvara kA jo guNAnuvAda kiyA hai, usakA yahI rahasya hai / yahI AstikatA hai / isa dRSTi se nAstikatA eka arthahIna ukti bana jAtI hai aura kisI ko bhI nAstika samajhanA asaMgata pratIta hone lagatA hai / prANi-jagat aura bhUta-prakRti parasparatA kA dUsarA rUpa hai, prANi-jagat aura bhUta- prakRti kI parasparatA / brahma aura vividha graha-ghaTakoM ke bIca ke sambandha lIlA - pradhAna haiM, para jIva aura prakRti kI parasparatA kA sAra tattva upayogitA hai | cetana prANI apane astitva kI rakSA aura vikAsa ke lie prakRti kA upayoga karatA hai / prakRti jIvoM kI prANa-zakti ko aura unakI vRttiyoM ko puSTa banAtI hai / jIvoM kA prakRti se jo bhAvamaya sambandha prakaTa hai, vaha lIlA para nahIM, upayoga para AdhArita hai / jIva prakRti kA hI upayoga nahIM karate, anya hInatara jIvoM kA bhI upayoga karate haiN| ve unako khAte haiM / mAnava kI upayoga kSamatA prakRti aura mAnavetara prANiyoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai / mAnava anya mAnavoM kA bhI vidhivat zArIrika, grArthika, manovaijJAnika upayoga athavA zoSaraNa karatA hai / mAnavetara prANiyoM dvArA upayoga iMsTivaTa - niyamita hotA hai, jaba ki mAnavIya upayoga praNAliyA~ buddhi- niyamita hotI hai / mAnavoM- mAnavetara jIvoM aura prAkRtika tattvoM kI parasparatA meM se hI jIva-vijJAna, vanaspati-vijJAna, rasAyana, cikitsA, bhautikI bhUgarbha vijJAna, dhAtu-vijJAna, yantra- vijJAna aura nAnA prakAra ke zilpa Adi upaje haiM / vidyut, gaMsIya aura aNu-udjana zaktiyoM kA vikAsa bhI isI parasparatA kI dena hai / jainendrajI ina vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ko brahma-jIva aura mAnava-mAnava kI parasparatA ke svastha vikAsa ke lie upayogI mAnate haiM / ve dharma aura vijJAna ko virodhI nahIM, paraspara pUraka ghoSita karate haiM / yaha vAda bhAvanA aura lIlA taka pahu~cane ke lie sIr3hI hai, usake mArga kI jainendrajI kA mAnanA hai ki vijJAna ne mAnava ko jo gati kI tIvratA pradAna kI hai, usane zikSA aura sahAnubhUti kA jo apratima vistAra kiyA hai, usase mAnava-mAnava ke nikaTatara AyA hai aura dUrI nagaNya bana gaI hai / usI ke kAraNa vibhinna antarASTrIya saMskRti sabhyatAtroM kA sammilana sammizraNa sambhava ho pAyA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa eka vizva-sabhyatA kA vikAsa dhIre-dhIre ho calA hai / aNu-yuddhoM dvArA antima pralaya kA jo saMkaTa Aja mAnava ke sira para ma~DarA rahA hai, usake lie vijJAna nahIM sAmUhika tala para hamArI apariSkRta mAnasikatA aura vistRta zrahaM cetanAnoM ke saMgharSazIla vRtta (rASTravAda, pU~jIvAda, samAjavAda Adi) hI uttaradAyI haiM / jainendrajI upayogitAvAda ke pIche ahaM kA udAtta samarpaNa dekhanA cAhate haiM / isa prakAra karmavAda 1 bhautika upayoga bAdhA nahIM /

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva abhizApa ke sthAna para varadAna bana sakegA aura vaha sAdhya nahIM sAdhana kI aucitya sImA meM ba~dha jaayegaa| mAnava-mAnava kI parasparatA mAnava mAnava ke sambandhoM kI samasyA mAnava ke sAmane upasthita sabase bar3I samasyA hai / isa vaijJAnika yuga kI gutthI hI yaha hai ki hamane mAnava-prakRti kI parasparatA ko mAnava-mAnava kI parasparatA se adhika mahattvapUrNa mAna liyA hai aura hama cetana mAnavoM kI sambhAvanAoM ko bhI mAnavetara athavA jar3a-prakRti ke gaNanA-prakri. yAtmaka mApa-daNDa se hI nApane kA duHsAhasa karate haiM / aura usI ko vaijJAnika kahate haiM / samAjavAda-sAmyavAda meM yahI huA hai / vyakti ke prati avizvasta ina praNAliyoM meM mAnava ko anna-vastra-seksa aura sAMskRtika kAryakrama mAtra se tRpta rahane vAlA yantra mAna liyA gayA hai / jaise usake ahaM kI sattA hI vahA~ asvIkRta hai / asAmyavAdI dezoM meM bhI rAjanItika-Arthika sthitiyA~ evaM AvazyakatAyeM kucha aisI haiM ki vyakti ko upayoga kA upAdAna bhara hI mAnane ko zAsana-yantra bAdhya haiM / sabhyatA kA artha bhautika-stara kA unnayana aura saMskRti kA artha kalAtmaka manoraMjana bana gayA hai| aNvastroM ke AtaMka kI chAyA hai, sAmUhika ahaM-cetanA kI vedI para vyakti-ahaM ke samucita pariSkAra evaM vikAsa kI sambhAvanAoM kI bali de dI gaI hai / upayogitAvAdI yojanAoM ke lie mAnava-yantroM ke thoka utpAdana kA lakSya hI sarakAroM ke sAmane rahatA hai| jainendra mAnate haiM ki yaha bahuta svastha aura saMskRta prakriyA evaM paramparA nahIM hai / isase vyakti-ahaM meM jvarotpIDana kI-sI sthiti paidA ho jAtI hai| mAnavamAnava ke bIca sarakAra aura pArTI kI lauha-bhitti khar3I dIkhatI hai aura vaha vyakti kI parasparonmukhatA ke mArga meM sahAyaka hone ke badale bAdhaka hI siddha hotI hai| mAnavoM ke jar3avat upayoga ko jitane bar3e paimAne para Aja sAdhA jA rahA hai, utane bar3e paimAne para itihAsa meM kabhI bhI sAdhA nahIM gayA thaa| aura aisA rASTrIya-sAmUhika ahaMcetanAoM kI tRpti ke lie vaijJAnika aura manovaijJAnika paddhati se kiyA jA rahA hai, prAcIna zArIrika gulAmI kI praNAlI se nahIM / janendrajI mAnava-mAnava kI parasparatA ke uparyukta pakSa meM sabase bar3A doSa yaha dekhate haiM ki kisI bhI samUha-ahaM ke prati niSThAvAn mAnava anya mAnavoM ke aura samagra brahma ke prati samarpita raha hI nahIM pAtA athavA vaha itanA yantra bana jAtA hai ki kisI ke prati bhI niSThA rakhane kI usameM jhaci aura zakti hI vartamAna nahIM rhtii| aAja sAmUhika mahattvakAMkSAoM kA aisA bhISaNa dabAva vyakti-grahaM para par3A hai ki vaha kiMkartavyavimUr3ha bana gayA hai aura usameM vaijJAnika pragati ko sAmane aura jhelane meM samartha mAnasikatA vikasita nahIM ho pA rahI hai / janendrajI ke anusAra aisI mAnasikatA kA prAdhAra mAnava kA mAnava ke prati prema

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 135 ho sakatA hai, usakA samUha-viveka meM vilIna ho jAnA nahIM / saMgaThana 'eka ke svIkAra- zeSa ke niSedha' isa sphUti se hI prerita hote haiM / kintu vyakti ke anya vyakti ke prati prIti-bhAva meM zeSa ke prati niSedha-bhAva anivArya nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra mAnava-mAnava kI parasparatA mUla vyakti-ahaM ke pariSkAra evaM vikAsa kA sAdhana bana jAtI hai aura aise vyakti-ahaM sAmAjika-rASTrIya ahaM-cetanAoM meM se hiMsAtmaka DaMka noca pheMkane aura unheM naitika stara taka uThAne meM samartha ho jAte haiN| vyakti kA vyakti ke dvArA jaisA udAtta nirmANa sambhava hai, vaisA sAmUhikatA ke hAthoM sambhava nahIM hai / mahAtmA gA~dhI vyaktigata samparka aura prIti ke mAdhyama se hI paMDita neharU, DaoN0 rAjendraprasAda, saradAra paTela jaise vyaktitva bhArata ko de pAye, eka saMgaThanavAdI joza aura roSa meM se vaisA ho pAnA duHsAdhya thA / isa prakAra janendrajI vyakti-vyakti ke samparka, prema aura samarpaNa meM vaha naitika vidyut dekhate haiM, jo eka sAtha lAkhoM kI mAnasikatA ko udAtta aura prakAzamaya banA dene meM aura unakI sakriyatA ko sarvabhUtahita kI ora mor3a dene meM samartha hai / vyakti-medhA ne hI vijJAna kA sRjana kiyA hai| vyakti-hRdaya hI usakI pralayaMkaratA ko muTThI meM bAMdhane meM saphala hogaa| yaha Azcarya kA hI viSaya hai ki bhautika praNa kI virAT sambhAvanAoM ke prati sajaga vaijJAnika dvArA mAnava-cetanA kI ghora upekSA kaise sambhava ho pA rahI hai| seksa, prema, sAhacarya ___ mAnava-mAnava kI parasparatA kA sabase mahattvapUrNa aMga nara-nAri saMyoga arthAt meksa hai / peksa para jainendrajI ne bahuta likhA hai / ve seksa ko upekSaNIya athavA ghaNya nahIM mAnate / ve usakA kArya-prabhAva kSetra mAtra saMtati-utpAdana taka bhI sImita nahIM karate / seksa ko ve mUlabhUta zakti aura sphUrti mAnate haiM, jo vyakti-ahaM kA pariSkAra karane aura usake vyaktitva kA nirmANa karane meM samartha hai| vyaktiahaM kA nagnatama vastuvAdI rUpa seksa kSetra meM hI prakaTa hotA hai aura yahA~ jo saMskAra aura prabhAva vaha grahaNa karatA hai, ve usake sAre jIvana ko aura usake jIvana ke mAdhyama se sAre vizva ko prabhAvita karate haiM / seksa kA yaha nara-nArI dvaita kaise nirmita hamA? isa prazna kI jainendrajI ne bar3I anUTI vyAkhyA kI hai / ve kahate haiM ki samagra meM ahaMcetanAmoM ke pRthak hote hI unameM para ke sAnnidhya kI cAha paidA huii| isa cAha ke do rUpa ho gaye / eka ne cAhA 'vaha mujhameM ho|' vaha ahaM strItva-pradhAna ho gyaa| dUsare ne cAhA 'maiM usameM hU~' aura yaha ahaM puruSatva-yukta ho gyaa| strIpuruSa eka hI ahaM ke do rUpa haiM aura isa prakAra arddhanArIzvara kI paurANika kalpanA ko jainendrajI svIkAra karate haiM / vaha mujhameM ho / ' yaha cAha sAmane kI cAha hai aura strI avadhAraNa-zakti kI pratIka hai / usakI pravRttiyA~ haiM grahaNa, vahana aura vyApta

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- jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva AkarSaNa / 'maiM usameM hUM' yaha cAha sthUla piNDa meM nihita gati aura zakti kI cAha hai / puruSa usI kA pratIka hai aura usakI pradhAna vRttiyA~ pAropa aura pragati haiM / jisa prakAra zUnya piNDa ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura usakI gati-pragati kA kSetra banatA hai, usI prakAra strI, puruSa ko, zarIra, mana, buddhi aura bhAvanA hara dRSTi se dhAraNa karatI aura usakI pragati ko gati detI hai / jainendrajI Aja kI sabhyatA ko pulligI sabhyatA kahate haiM, kyoMki usameM gati aura hiMsA kI pradhAnatA hai| nArI kI grahaNa vahana-vRttiyoM kA samucita yoga use nahIM mila pAyA hai / tabhI isa vaijJAnika sabhyatA meM itanA udvega aura viSama asamanvaya hai| strI ke saMyoga se puruSa ahaM meM eka snigdha dravaNazIlatA AtI hai / dravita honA, arUpa-zUnya bananA jaise puruSa kI antartama kI cAha hai, jise apanI gati-pragati meM vaha kitanA bhI hu~ke, jo daba nahIM pAtI / isI prakAra strI kI antastha kAmanA rahatI hai, puruSa ko svayaM meM lekara use gati dekara graha-patha ( Orbit ) meM pheMka denaa| strI-puruSa ke madhya, uparyukta antastha kAmanAoM se prerita ghAta-pratighAta nirantara calate rahate haiM aura yahI mAnavIya sakriyatA ke mUla guhya preraka bana jAte haiM / Aja sAmUhika svArthoM evaM mahattvAkAMkSAoM ne naisiMgaka vyaktigata prAkarSaNa-apakarSaNa ke uparyukta rUpa aura krama ko vicalita kara diyA hai / strI aura puruSa ke bIca sAmUhikatA A gayI hai, jisane pragatizIla nara-nAriyoM ko paraspara samarpita hone se roka diyA hai aura unameM eka gaharI ghuTana paidA kara dI hai| jainendrajI nara-nArI ke bIca kisI vAyavya Adarza athavA sthUla rUr3hi ko nahIM, zuddha prema ko vartamAna dekhanA cAhate haiM / prema sahanazIla aura haThazanya hotA hai / priya kI premI se adhika hita-kAmanA aura koI bhI nahIM kara sakatA / premI priya ke ahaM ko sabase adhika jAnatA-pahacAnatA hai aura usakA vikAsa-vistAra hI usakA lakSya bana jAtA hai / isase donoM ko hI samagra tapti milatI hai aura kRtArthatA kA anubhava hotA hai| isa tRpti aura kRtArthatA ke sva kI sImAeM TUTatIM aura vyakti paronmukha-brahmonmukha banatA hai / isa prakAra jainendrajI dvArA kI gayI sevasa kI vyAkhyA nara-nArI ke zarIra-sambhoga ko na tiraskRta karatI hai, na hI usameM ba~dhatI hai / zarIra sambhoga prema kA svAbhAvika pariNAma bhara raha jAtA hai / pradhAna cIja hai prema, jisase milI tRpti zarIra-sambhoga se kahIM gaharI, sthAyI aura sarvagrAsI hotI hai| yaha mAnava kI sambhAvanAoM ko vistRta karatI aura usake kadamoM ko virAT brahma kI ora mor3atI hai| ahaMcarya, brahmacarya janendrajI kA 'brahmacarya' kA artha bhI prasiddha, laukika nahIM hai / apanI vRttiyAM saba ora se haTAkara ahaM meM kendrita kara lenA ahaMcarya hai, zeSa sabako apane prema kA

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 137 dAna karanA hI brahmacarya kahalA sakatA hai / jo stra ko zeSa sabako de DAlane ke liye Atura bana cukA hai, vaha zarIra usakI sImAnoM - vAsanAoM meM ba~dhA raha hI nahIM sakatA / vaha brahmamaya bana jAtA hai / vaha 'para' kA niSedha nahIM, usakA svAgata karatA hai / brahmacarya ko indriya-nigraha ke artha taka sImita karanA jainendrajI hAsyAspada samajhate haiM / isa viSaya meM gA~dhIjI kA udAharaNa hamAre sAmane hai / ve mahAtmA indriya-nigraha ke kAraNa nahIM, grahaM kI virATatA ke kAraNa kahalAye / zrahaM ke parikAra - vistAra ke mArga meM indriya-nigraha unheM svataH siddha ho gayA / sva, ahaM athavA kAma kI virATatA ko jainendrajI ne aura adhika sUkSmatA se samajhAyA hai / ve caMgeja khA~ aura buddha, hiTalara aura gA~dhI ke prayAsoM ke nIce kAma kI virATatA ko hI pAte haiM / unake anusAra uparyukta vibhUtiyoM ke sAmane ananta jana-vistAra jaise strI ke samAna hI phailA par3A thA aura usameM unako unmukta gati prApta thI / ca~gejakhA~ aura hiTalara kI gati ko jainendrajI bhaya aura haTa prerita mAnate haiM tathA buddha-gA~dhI kI gati ko prema - samarpaNa prerita / ina cAroM ke pIche asaMkhya loga usI prakAra pAgala ho uThe the jaise kRSNa ke pIche gopiyA~ / yadi kAma kA zarIra baddha artha na lekara udAtta sUkSma artha liyA jAya, to mAnava kI hara sakriyatA ke nIce 'vaha mujhameM ho' - 'maiM usameM hUM' ina do mUla kAmanAyoM meM se eka avazya milegI / kAma ko virATatA taba milatI hai, jaba 'vaha mujhameM ho', 'maiM usameM hUM' ke sthAna para kramazaH 'saba mujhameM ho', - maiM sabameM hU~' / uktiyA~ mAnava- kAmanAe~ bana jAtI haiM / kAma aura artha (upayogitAvAda ) mAnava kI mAnasikatA aura kArmikatA kA nirmANa do tattvoM se hotA haiprema-prema mUlaka kAma se aura sAMsArika upayogitAvAda arthAt artha se / dampati, parivAra, sampradAya, samAja, rASTra aura vizva ye kramazaH bar3I hotI saMsthAe~ kAma aura artha ke isa dva eta se hI milakara banI haiN| grAja uparyukta sabhI saMsthAnoM meM artha-pakSa kI pradhAnatA aura kAma arthAt prema-pakSa kI kSINatA ho calI hai / jainendrajI cAhate haiM ki hamArI sabhI saMsthAoM kA mUla utsa prema meM ho / artha meM se rasa grahaNa karake hI apanA vikAsa vistAra kare / kAma aura grathaM, prema aura upayogitA kA samanvaya dharma se hotA hai, jisakA vaijJAnika artha hai, nIti / nIti- zoSaNa kI nahIM pASaNa kI; kUTa nahIM sarala / hamArA dAmpatya samAja, utpAdana, vitaraNa aura zAsana kAmaartha ke saMyoga se prasUta prema-nIti se cale / ananta grahaM cetanAoM meM upasthita ghora viSamatAoM ke samakSa prema-nIti kA pracalana aura pAlana bahuta kaThina dIkhatA hai, para yadi prema kA astitva hai to yaha phalita hone ke liye hI hai, niSphala hone ke lie nahIM / jainendrajI kalpanA ke mUlya ko bhI khonA nahIM cAhate / kalpanAe~ hI vAsta

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva vikatA meM badalA karatI hai / phira prema kalpanA nahIM hai| vyakti-stara para usakA camatkAra hama nitya dekhate haiN| Arthika, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika stara para gA~dhI jaise mahApuruSoM ne usakA camatkAra hameM dikhAyA hai| antarrASTrIya stara para hamAre neharUjI usI muhRda-nIti ke prayoga saphalatApUrvaka kara rahe haiN| isaliye prema ko kalpanA mAnanA mAnava kA apamAna karanA hI samajhA jAnA cAhiye / hA~, prema-nIti kI saphala siddhi tabhI sambhava hai, jaba usake pIche udAtta kAma kI tIvratA adhika ho, upayogitAvAda kI jar3atA kama / nirastrIkaraNa kI samasyA kA hala prema kI, brahmacarya kI isa tIvratA meM se hI A sakatA hai| mAtra upayogitAvAda ke ulaTa-phera meM se vaisA honA asambhava hai| aura vijJAna para aMkuza bhI prema-nIti hI lagA sakatI hai, samUhavAdI kUTa-nIti nhiiN| samUha se, savase prema vahI kara sakatA hai, jo eka se prema karane meM samartha hai / eka mUrta hai, samUha amUrta, vAyavya / isa viSaya meM jainendrajI ke vicAra pahale rakhe jA cuke haiN| satya saMyukta ahiMsA jainendra-darzana ke tIsare tattva parasparatA kA yatkicita spaSTIkaraNa maiMne Upara kiyaa| parasparatA ko alaga tattva kA rUpa dene kA uddezya thA graha kI sApekSatA para bala denA / ahaM kI prazatA aura sApekSatA astitva kA sabase bar3A satya hai / kisI bhI ahaM-cetanA ko nitAnta rUpa meM jAnA aura samajhA nahIM jA sktaa| jainendra-darzana kA cauthA tattva ahiMsA isI tathya ko vyAvahArika rUpa dene kA prayAsa karatI hai / jainendrajI ke anusAra ahaM meM apanI sApekSatA kI cetanA hI ahiMsA hai aura nitAntatA kA haTha hiMsA hai| nitAntatA avyavahArya aura aprakRta hai| isIlie usakI haTha para kI avamAnanA aura 'sva' ke zeSa 'para' Aropa ko prerita karatI hai / yahI hiMsA hai| sApekSatA kI anubhUti 'para' ke svIkAra aura zeSa ke sammukha 'sva' ke samarpaNa para bala detI hai / yaha ahiMsA hai / hiMsA-ahiMsA kI yaha vyA yA inhIM ke laukika arthoM-jIvavadha, jIva-rakSaNa-se kahIM adhika vyApakaH vaijJAnika aura vyAvahArika hai| yaha vyAkhyA pUrvokta brahma, ahaM aura parasparatA meM nihita tathyavAda kA svAbhAvika vikAsa hai| Upara jisa naitikatA athavA prema-nIti kA jikra kiyA gayA thA, ahiMsA usI kA adhika vaijJAnika spaSTIkaraNa hai / ahiMsA meM tathya yAnI satya kI zakti aura prema ke rasa donoM kA grahaNa hai / mAnava kA sampUrNa AcAra-zAstra jaise isa eka zabda meM samA gayA hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne isa ahiMsA-zAstra ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM sarvocca sthAna diyA thaa| kisI bhI ahiMsAtmaka AcaraNa ko tIna aMgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai / pahalA aMga hai, samagra kI apekSA meM samasyA ke satya kI arthAt sva aura para kI sthiti kI satya avadhAraNA (Right assessment) dUsarA hai, sabhI sambaddha vyaktiyoM

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jainedra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 136 ke prati hRdaya ke sneha kA dAna aura sva-para sabake hita kA prAyAsa karanA / kisI ke prati bhI dvoSa aura nindA se zUnya honA / tIsarA hai, satya kA nirbhaya sazakta, para vinamra Agraha / isa prakAra pAlita ahiMsA hI satyAgraha hai| isa paddhati meM satyAgrahI kI sthitaprajJatA, sneha-siktatA, kaSTa-sahiSNutA aura sarvasva-tyAga kI tatparatA Adi zarte bahuta kaThora zarte haiM / sArI prakriyA meM dveSa, krodha Adi ke Aveza kA pUrNa abhAva vAMchya hai aura jo kucha bhI kiyA jAnA hai, vaha sarvagrAsI satya kI preraNA se hI kiyA jAnA hai / satya kI sarvagrAsitA samagra brahma, aMza, ahaM aura parasparatA, ina tInoM ke tathya ke pUrNa grahaNa se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| yaha satya hI ahiMsA kI zakti hai / isake binA ahiMsA eka phaTA Dhola hai, jise gale meM DAle phiranA hAsyAspada bana jAtA hai| yadi satya kI sUkSma dRSTi satata rahe, to ahiMsaka ko mAtra 'sIdhA', 'bhalA' kahane kA durAgraha koI bhI vyavahAra-nipuNa vyakti nahIM kara sakatA / gAMdhIjI kI sUkSma satyaniSThatA briTiza kUTanItijJoM ko prAdhI zatAbdI taka chakAtI rahI / satya kI agni ke binA ahiMsA rAkha-Dhake bujhe koyale ke samAna hai aura vaha rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya to kyA, vyaktigata dAyare meM bhI zakti nahIM rhtii| jainendrajI ahiMsA ke isa satya-pakSa para sabase adhika bala dete haiM, kyoMki unake anusAra gAMdhIjI ke bAda gAMdhIvAdI vicArakoM ne isa anivArya tattva 'satya' kI upekSA pradarzita kI hai aura kevala ahiMsA para bala diyA hai| hiMsA-ahiMsA ahiMsA kI agni-parIkSA taba hotI hai, jaba virodha meM koI aisA haThavAdI ahaM zrA TakarAye, jisa para savinaya aAgraha kA koI bhI prabhAva na ho / jaba prema kI zakti aise ahaM ko jhukAne meM viphala ho jAya, taba kyA aprema aura hiMsA kA Azraya liyA jAya ? jainendrajI 'jhukAne kI cAha' aura 'aprema' ina donoM uktiyoM ke viruddha haiM / inake pIche 'para' ke ahaM kA niSedha chupA hai / para ke ahaM ke pUrNa svIkAra ke sAtha arthAta prema kA niSedha na karate hue ahiMsaka ko adhikAra hai ki vaha upalabdha satya ko kAryAnvita kare / isa kAryAnvayana meM apane se ImAnadAra rahanA bahuta jarUrI hai| satya aura prema ke usake 'dAve' 'DiplomeTika' na hoN| vaha bar3e-se bar3e prAtma-tyAga ko dA~va para lagAne ke lie aura ghora-se ghora kaSTa ko sahane ke lie taiyAra ho| usameM para ke haTha ke lie duHkha ho, Atma vyathA ho, krodha na ho / ina saba zartoM ko pUrA karate hue yadi satya kI rakSA ke lie ahiMsaka se bala-prayoga bhI yadi ho jAya to vaha, maiM samajhatA hU~, jainendrajI ko asvIkArya nahIM hai / phira bhI jainendrajI kA vizvAsa hai ki yadi ahiMsaka kI niSThA pUrNa ho aura usameM satya kA teja prakhara ho to usakA savinaya Agraha viphala nahIM ho sakatA / satyAgraha kI viphalatA meM kAraNa ho sakatA hai

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140 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva to vaha kI pUrNatA hI ho sakatA hai / isa viSaya me jainendrajI prema-tattva para vizeSa bala dete haiM / nara-nArI prema rasa meM jisa prakAra saba mIThA hI mIThA nahIM rahatA, khaTTA, kar3avA aura tIkhA bhI usameM garbhastha calatA hai, usI prakAra samasta sAMsArika vyavahAra meM yadi satya aura prema se preraNA lekara kucha nakArAtmaka vRttiyA~ bhI sakriya raheM to unase hAni nahIM hogI / IrSyA, dveSa, ghRNA, krodha, ye saba viSa haiM / jana-mAnasa inako prAsurI aura tAmasa ho mAnatA hai / para hiMsA kI vidhi se satya kI agni meM phU~kakara ina viSoM ko bhI pramRta banAyA jA sakatA hai / taba ye bhI prema aura kalyANa ko puSTa aura siddha hI karate diikheNge| ina viSoM ko rasa banAnA bahuta dussAdhya, para anivArya sAdhanA hai, isase iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / hiMsA arthAt para kA niSedha antarmana meM rahe, to UparI ahiMsA DhoMga vana jAtI hai, lekina antara meM hiMsA aura prema yadi sthira raheM, to unase prerita hiMsA apanA DaMka aura vipa kho detI hai, yaha nirvivAda hai / jainendrajI ne hiMsA hiMsA ko spaSTa karane ke lie sambhoga - prakriyA kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| himA evaM prAghAta - pratyAghAta usameM nihita hai / para ve saba milakara yugala ko kRtArtha karate dIkhate haiM / virAT brahma kI samagra dRSTi se vicAra kareM, taba bhI yahI tattva sthira hotA hai / sRSTi-pralaya kA kama brahma-zarIra meM satata calatA rahatA hai / jisakI sRSTi hotI hai aura jisakA pralaya hotA hai, donoM hI eka samagra brahma ke aMga haiM, usase 'para' nahIM / isIliye brahma ko hiMsA-ahiMsA se pare kahA gayA hai / usake lie na sRSTi ahiMsA hai, na pralaya hiMsA / kyoMki hiMsA-ahiMsA sva-para bhAva se hotI hai, jo usameM nahIM hai / sva para bhAva ke miTa jAne para sImita uddezya virAT meM parivartita ho jAtA hai aura aisA vyakti jo kucha bhI karatA hai, vaha hiMsA nahIM ho sakatA / vaha basa virAT se tadgata hI ho sakatA hai / laukika hiMsA - hisA donoM usameM DUba jAte haiM, kho jAte haiM / jainendrajI gAMdhIjI ko usa virAT se tadgata mAnate haiM aura hiMsA-ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA meM unhoMne bAra-bAra gAMdhI- jIvana kA havAlA diyA hai / amRtasara meM jaliyAMvAlA kANDa se pIr3ita eka vRddhA unake sAmane AyI / usake do beTe golIkANDa meM mAre gaye the / vaha phUTa-phUTakara ro rahI thii| bilakha rahI thI / use dekhakara sabhI upasthita logoM kI prA~khoM meM A~sU bhara Aye / para gAMdhIjI bhAvahIna raheM / unhoMne bur3hiyA se pUchA, kyA tumhAre koI aura beTA bhI hai / bur3hiyA ne 'hA~' kI to gAMdhIjI ne tatkAla kahA, to use bhI taiyAra karo, use bhI kAma AnA hai / gAMdhIjI kI isa ukti ko kyoM prema se zUnya aura hiMsAmaya na mAna liyA jAya ? eka sthUla dRSTi ahiMsA bhakta aisI hI galatI karegA / para sUkSmatA se vicAra kareM, to gAMdhIjI kI uparyukta ukti ke pIche koI nirdayatA para ke kaSTa se anuraMjita hone kI pravRtti yA hiMsA nahIM thI / virAT mAnavatA ke hita se tadgata hone kA satya hI

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicaraNA unako prerita kara rahA thaa| isa vRtti se mamatAvaza sArA paMjAba unake pIche pAgala ho uThA / satyaniSTha ahiMsaka bhAvuka nahIM ho sktaa| mAtra janma-mRtyu, laukika hiMsAahiMsA use udvelita nahIM kara sakate / jainendra-darzana kI vizeSatAeM Upara jainendra-darzana ke cAroM mUla tattvoM kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA prastuta karane kA prayAsa maiMne kiyA hai / jainendra kI vicAraNA kI eka jhA~kI hI isa prakAra maiM de pAyA haiN| isa vicAraNA kI jina vizeSatAoM ne mujhe sabase adhika prabhAvita kiyA, unakA ullekha kiye binA isa prasaMga ko samApta nahIM kiyA jA sakegA / yaha vicAraNA atyanta vaijJAnika, tarkasaMgata evaM kramabaddha hai aura kisI pUrvAgraha ko apanI siddhi ke lie anivArya nahIM ThaharAtI / janendra ke brahma ko kisI andhavizvAsa kA upAdAna banane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jo kucha hai, vaha hamAre cAroM ora hai / yaha jar3a-cetana, sUkSma-sthUla saba brahma hai aura hama usake aMga haiM / apanI buddhi aura kalpanA ke anusAra vyakti isa brahma kA yathAzakti prAtmagrahaNa aura sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai / jainendra kA brahma mAtra sUkSmatama tattva athavA kevala adRzya parama zakti nahIM hai, jise kalpanA meM lAnA kaviyoM yA dArzanikoM ke liye hI sambhava ho sakatA ho, sAdhAraNa janatA ke lie nahIM / vaha zUnya aura piNDa kA samanvaya hai aura koI astitva aisA nahIM, jo usameM samAviSTa na ho| puruSa prakRti kA hU~ta vahA~ nahIM hai / ho sakatA hai, brahma kI yaha samagra-advaita vyAkhyA nayI na ho, para usakI samagratA para itanA nitAnta jora birale hI dArzanikoM ne diyA hai / advatatA kA vive vana niHsandeha kAphI hayA hai / jainendra kA ahaM tattva bhI vicAraka mAnasa ko ekadama AkarSita karatA hai / ahaM pRthaka vyakti hote hue bhI samagra kA aMza hai; isa tathya ko prakAzita karatA aura ubhAratA hai / ahaM meM vyakti kA pUrNa astitva sanniviSTa hai / mAtra sUkSma cetanA nahIM / yaha tattva vyakti kI nitAntatA para sApekSatA (brahma se bhI anya ahaM-cetanAoM se bhI) kA aMkuza lagAtA hai / sUkSma, sthira tattva prAtmA meM aMkuza gabhita nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha zarIra kA niSedha karake calatI hai aura mUla meM hI nitAntatAvAdI hai / isa sApekSatA meM se hI tIsarA tattva nikala pAtA hai parasparatA, jo brahma-grahaM ke vaijJAnika satya ko vyavahAra aura karma kI ora mor3a detA hai / yadi sApekSatA aura parasparatA satya anivArya haiM to ve para ke svAgata arthAt ahiMsA ke dvArA hI siddha aura phalita ho sakate haiM / jainendrajI kI ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA bhI parasparatA para Azrita hone ke kAraNa atyanta maulika bana par3I hai / asala meM sApekSatA aura parasparatA jaisA vaijJAnika aura kramabaddha bala jainendrajI kI vicAraNA detI hai, vaisA anya darzana nahIM dete| yaha sApekSatA aura parasparatA unakI dRSTi se vyakti, samAja, rASTra aura vizva sabakI nItiyoM

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142 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kI kasauTI hai / yahI dharma evaM naitikatA hai / yaha kisI vAyavya Adarza se prerita nahIM, balki brahma aura ahaM ke aMzI-aMzabhAva se bAdhya hai| phira brahma aura ahaM kA jo riztA hai, usameM ahiMsA hI saccI nIti ThaharatI hai / isase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jainendra-darzana zraddhA aura jijJAsA sUkSma satya aura sthUla vyavahAra, puruSa aura prakRti sabako apane meM sameTa aura sAtha lekara calatA hai / vaha nitAnta nahIM, sApekSa hai| vaha kisI vicAra yA vastu kA niSedha nahIM krtaa| saba meM nihita satya ko khojatA aura upalabdha karatA hai| gAMdhIvAda aura jainendra gA~dhIjI aura gAMdhIvAda ne jainendra kI vicAraNA ke nirmANa meM kitanA yoga diyA hai, yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai| jainendra gAMdhI-yuga kI utpatti hai / gAMdhI hI unakI vicAraNA ke mUrta prAdarza haiM / unhIM kA ve hara kadama para havAlA dete haiN| sAtha hI gAMdhIvAda ke vyAkhyAtAnoM meM unakA bahuta U~cA sthAna hai| isase prakaTa dIkhatA hai ki gAMdhIvAda ne unakI vicAraNA ko maulika rUpa meM prabhAvita kiyA hai / para jahA~ taka maiM samajha pAyA hU~, jainendra ko gAMdhI aura gAMdhIvAda mUla meM nahIM, mArga meM mile / unakI vicAraNA kA srota brahma kI samagratA ke usa sAkSAtkAra meM hai, jise janendrajI ne 'AstikatA kA pAnA' kahA hai / zeSa saba usameM se niHsRta hotA calA gayA / sAmane hI gAMdhI the, jinakA vyaktitva aura jinake kArya apanI vicAraNA ke puSTa pramANa rUpa jainendra ko dIkhe / gA~dhIjI ne unheM sulajhAva diyA aura eka kasauTI pradAna kii| isa prakAra kahAniyoM, upanyAsoM aura lekhoM ke rUpa meM jainendra kI vicAraNA vyakta ho calI aura dhIre-dhIre eka sunizcita rUpa grahaNa kara clii| janendra kI abhivyakti meM jo sahajatA aura anAyAsatA hai, vaha anta:sAkSAtkAra kA hI phala mAlUma par3atI hai, buddhi dvArA bAharI vicAroM ke le lene se vaha nahIM A sakatI thii| brahma, ahaM aura vizeSakara parasparatA kI unakI vyAkhyA ekadama maulika hai aura usase svayaM gAMdhIvAda ko eka vaijJAnika puSTi-krama prApta ho sakatA hai| jainendrajI gAMdhIjI kA antaHstha mUla preraNAoM ko zAyada sabase adhika gaharAI se samajha aura pakar3a sake haiM, isase adhika prastuta prasaMga meM aura kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Avazyaka hai ki kucha una mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para, jinakA spaSTa athavA yathocita ullekha Upara ke vizleSaNa meM nahIM A pAyA, jainendrajI ke vicAra atyanta saMkSepa meM yahA~ de diye jAya~ / ve isa prakAra haiM : prAtmA-gunarjanma-karmasiddhAnta AtmA zabda kA prayoga mukhyataH usa sUkSmatama nitya tattva ke artha meM kiyA gayA

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janendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA 143 hai, jo vyakti prANa aura cetanA kA AdhAra hai, jo puruSa hai, zarIrI hai aura zarIra meM 'maiM' karake sthita hai / zAstroM meM isa prAtmA ko brahma kA aMza kahA gayA hai| zAstrAnusAra yahI vaha hai, jo nAnA janma aura zarIra pAtA aura karmaphala bhogatA hai| jainendrajI brahma ko hI antima sthira tattva mAnate haiN| isalie AtmA ko itanI nitAnta kSamatA ve nahIM de pAte ki vaha brahma se nirapekSa hokara karmaphala ke anusAra eka zarIra se dUsarA zarIra prApta kara calA jAya / unakA vizvAsa hai ki hamArA prAtmA zarIra kI samApti ke sAtha hI brahma meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| jisakA punarjanma mAnA jA rahA hai, usameM vahI vilupta AtmA vartamAna hai athavA koI anya athavA kaI anyoM ke aMza, yaha kucha bhI nizcita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kauna kaha sakatA hai ki per3a kA yaha pattA vahI hai, jo pichalI patajhar3a meM vRkSa kI zAkhA kI isI TahanI para se TUTA thaa| cetanA ke ajasra pravAha meM asaMkhya jIva bulabuloM ke samAna uThate aura kho jAte haiM / jainendrajI punarjanma ko isI rUpa meM samajha pAte haiM / AtmA ko ve samagra ahaM se bhinna nahIM mAna pAte / yaha AtmA athavA ahaM jaba bikharatA hai, to usake vibhinna tattva (paMcabhUta, cetanA, kAmanA, vicAra Adi) brahma ke samAnAntara tattvoM meM usI prakAra ghula jAte hai, jaise bUMda sAgara meM ekarUpa ho rahatI hai / sAtha hI naye ahaM bhI nirantara uThate rahate haiM / isa prakAra vilaya aura prakaTa hone kA yaha krama abAdha calatA rahatA hai / prAtmA usI rUpa meM ajara, amara, anAdi, ananta hai ki brahma vaisA hai / AtmA ke nitya vyaktitva ko, isa vyaktitva ke karmAdhIna punarjanma ko jainendrajI vyavahAra aura dharma ke lie upayogI mAna leM, para vaijJAnika nahIM kaha pAte; kyoMki brahma ke atirikta aura kisI ko bhI nitya ve svIkAra nahIM kara sakate / prazna uThatA hai ki taba una karmoM kA kyA hotA hai, jo vyakti jIvana bhara karatA hai ? jainendrajI kahate haiM ki jIvanabhara ke karma bhI sakSama rasa ( Idea ), vyathA rUpa grahaNa kara vANI kI taraha antarikSa meM vyApta ho jAte haiM / naye ahaM ko anya tattvoM ke sAtha-sAtha karma-rasa meM se bhI eka bhAga milatA hai / isa prakAra vyakti kA karma, mAtra vyakti kA na rahakara sAre brahma kA bana jAtA hai aura vyakti kI jimmedArI ghaTane ke bajAya aura bar3ha jAtI hai| kAma-prema-parivAra isa viSaya para jainendra kI uktiyoM evaM mAnyatAoM kI bar3I kaTu AlocanA huI hai aura unheM azlIla evaM anaitika ghoSita kiyA gayA hai / azlIla aura anaitika ye donoM samAja sApekSa zabda haiM / para samAja kyA hai ? kyA vaha Arthika-rAjanaitikadhArmika saMgaThana mAtra hai / jaba samAja kA artha saMgaThana kiyA jAtA hai, taba usake nIce astitva-rakSA kA prazna pradhAna bana jAtA hai, parasparatA kA tattva gauNa / taba

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144 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva zlIla aura naitika kA artha samAja-saMgaThana kI anukUlatA aura azlIla-anaitika kA artha usakI ananukUlatA bana jAtA hai| ye anukUlatAe~ ananukalatAe~ dezakAla-paristhiti ke anusAra parivartanIya haiM aura unheM samAja kA vyAvahArika sthala asthAyI AdhAra hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / sUkSma AdhAra parasparatA hai aura use hI jainendrajI sthAyI tattva mAnate haiN| aksara samAja kI nItiyA~-rUr3hiyA~ parasparatA ko arthAta prema ko apanI Takkara meM dekhatI mAnatI haiN| isalie paramparAvAdI nIti parasparatAvAda arthAt prema ko azlIla aura anaitika ghoSita kara baiThatI hai / parasparatA kI dRSTi se saccI zlIlatA aura naitikatA ahaM kI mAnava-mAtra kI ora unmukhatA hai, jaba ki saMgaThanavAda yaha darjA vyakti athavA saMgaThana kI svaniSThatA ko detA hai / parivAra sabase choTA saMgaThana hai / prazna uThatA hai ki parivAra cahAradIvArI meM hI banda rahe yA zeSa samAja se apanA khulA sambandha rakhe / paramparAvAdI bhI mAnate haiM ki zeSa se parasparatA sthApita kiye binA jiyA nahIM jA sakatA / para ve parasparatA kA adhikAra kevala puruSa ko denA cAhate haiM / strI kI paramparatA unheM anaitika, azlIla, adhArmika mAlUma par3atI hai / prazna hai ki jaba puruSa kA parasparatAvistAra use aura usake parivAra ko samRddha karatA dIkhatA hai, taba strI kA AtmavistAra use vipanna kyoM karegA ? jainendrajI ke anusAra hama bhUla karate haiM, jaba vipa. rIta-liMgiyoM meM parasparatA, AtmIyatA kA artha hama anivArya rUpa se kAmukatA lagA lete haiM / strI-puruSa ke paraspara AkarSaNa ko kAma kahA jAtA hai / samAja-saMgaTana ke uddezya se, kAma ke niyamana ke lie, vivAha-saMsthA kI sthApanA huI, jisakA naisagika pariNAma huA saparivAra / parivAra ke dampati aura anya vyasaka kitanI sImA taka viparIta liMgiyoM ke samparka meM Aye ? dekhanA hogA ki dAmpatya vizeSa, parivAra vizeSa kisa para TikA hai, sthUla maryAdA para athavA hRdaya ke samarpaNa arthAt prema para ? prema para Tike dampati ko eka-dUsare para paharA lagAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hogii| unameM paraspara vizvAsa hogA / ve zeSa saMsAra ko apane virodha meM nahIM pAyeMge aura yathAzakti apanI AtmIyatA ke vistAra meM nahIM hicakege / yadi kabhI skhalana hogA bhI, to prema samAdhAna r3har3ha legaa| skhalana kA anutApa unake prema ko aura sudRr3ha hI karegA / jahA~ maryAdA ko mahattva milatA hai, vahAM kAmukatA paura zarIra sambhoga mUlya aura unake prati AkarSaNa bar3ha jAtA hai / bandizeM bar3hatI haiM aura granthiyA~ guNanuguriNata hotI haiM / jisa bhraSTAcAra para niyantraNa karane ke uddezya se vivAha-saMsthA banAyI gayI thI, vahI bhUgarbha meM panapatA aura phailatA hai| jainendra samAja aura parivAra ko maryAdA athavA samAna hita para AdhArita na karake vyakti-vyakti ke hArdika prepa aura samarpaNa para sthira karanA cAhate haiM / unakA vizvAsa hai ki

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janendra kI dArzanika vicAraNA vvv v v v v v +++ + + v v v v prema hI kAmakatA, Arthika svArtha tathA hisaka mahattvAkAMkSA para vijaya pA sakatA hai / nIti-niyama, Adeza, maryAdA vaisA karane meM asamartha siddha hote hai / asala meM astitva-rakSA bhI prama aura parasparatA ke mAdhyama se jaisI ho sakatI hai. zahara se nahIM / isalie parasparatA hI nIti hai, naitikatA hai aura zlIlatA hai / parasparatA ke viparIta jo hai, saba anaMtikatA aura hiMsA hai| pUMjIvAda-samAjavAda pUjI kA vAda bananA kaba prArambha huaA ? eka samaya thA, jaba eka ora zrama aura dUsarI ora AbhijAtya hI samAja-mUlya the| usa samaya jo vyApAra-vANijya dvArA lAkhoM-karor3oM baTorate the, unakA samAja-mUlya nagaNya thaa| pUjI kA vAda bananA usa dina prArambha huA, jisa dina pUjI ko samAja-mUlya milA aura pUjI paidA karane kI sparddhA jana-sAdhAraNa meM paidA huI / pUMjIpatiyoM ne vikAsazIla yantra-vijJAna kA sahArA liyA / udyogoM kA sUtrapAta huA / rAjya sarakAroM ne udyogoM para kRpA kA rukha tyAga kara unameM sajIva ruci lenI prArambha kI aura vyaktigata pUjI ke rakSaNa aura vikAsa ke lie kAnUna banAye / udyoga, utpAdana aura vANijya mAnava-mAnasikatA para chA gaye aura dharma, maryAdA, naitikatA ke bhAva DhaMka gaye / samaya AyA ki pUjIpati sarakAra meM pahu~cA aura sAmanta ke sthAna para svayaM vidhAyaka banA / sattA pUMjIpati ke hAtha prA gyii| samAja kI suvidhAyeM pUjI ke AdhAra para milane aura chinane lgiiN| pUjI hI vyaktigata, pArivArika, sAmAjika, pArasparikatA kA niyamana karane lagI aura hara samasyA ke Arthika pahalU ko hama sarvAdhika mahatva dene lge| isa artha-mAnasikatA ko hI jainendra jI pUjIvAda kA nAma dete haiM / unakA mata hai ki pUjIvAda se samAjavAda taka pahu~ca jAnA isa artha-mAnasikatA se chuTTI pA jAnA nahIM hai / khataranAka cIja yaha artha-mAnasikatA hai, jo upayukta donoM hI vAdoM kA samAna AdhAra hai / pUjI se prerita vyakti ho yA rASTra, donoM kI vicAraNA eka hI paTarI kI hogI aura donoM hI naitikatA aura pArasparikatA ko lA~dhakara caleMge / jainendra samAjavAda ko rAjakIya pUMjIvAda (State Capitalism) kahate haiM, jisake pAsa antarrASTrIya spardhA aura IryAdveSa kA vAtAvaraNa paidA karane kI kSamatA A jAtI hai / jainendra baniye ke hAtha meM zastra aura kAnUna kA denA zubha nahIM mAnate / rAjya kA vaNika aura pUMjIpati bana jAnA unakI dRSTi meM kalyANa kA vAhaka nahIM bana sakatA / aAja pUjIvAda aura samAjavAda meM jo antara mAnA jAtA hai--arthAt vyaktigata Arthika prayAsa kI svacchandatA aura usakA sarakArI prayAsa meM vilupta ho jAnA--use jainendra bahuta mahattva nahIM de pAte / ve sattA ke kendrIkaraNa se bhI sahamata nahIM haiM / ve kendrita aura anuzAsanAtmaka zAsana ko hI naitika mAna pAte haiM / unakA siddhAnta hai ki parasparatA se vimukha sva-niSTha

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ahaM cAhe vyakti kA ho yA saMgaThana kA, samasyAyeM hI paidA karatA hai / vijJAna kI zakti ne rASTrIya ahaM-vAditA ko jo durddharSa banA diyA hai, yahI hamArI prAja kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai| artha kA paramArthIkaraNa Aja vizAlakAya udyogoM aura antarrASTrIya vANijya para TikI hamArI 3 rthavyavasthA itanI jaTila ho gaI hai ki vaha sAdhana na rahakara sAdhya kA sthAna le cukI hai| artha-mAnasikatA itihAsa ke pravAha meM hameM milI hai aura vizva kI rAjanItika kUTanItika avasthA aisI hai ki sudRr3ha, kendrita samAjavAda sabako alpa pApa ( Lesser Evil) ke samAna anivArya laga uThA hai| astitva-rakSA kA prazna aAja sabase vikaTa hai aura vijJAna ne aisI sthiti paidA kara dI hai ki artha aura rAjanIti ke kSetroM meM kendrita sAmUhika prayAsa ke binA gujArA nahIM rahA hai / itihAsa ke vega ko lauTAyA nahIM jA sakatA, para eka bAta kI jA sakatI hai / vaha yaha ki naitikatA ko artha-mAnasikatA ke pratipakSa meM se haTAkara use arthavAda kA zakti-srota banA diyA jAya / hamArI Athika yojanAyeM mAtra 'sva-artha' se prerita na hokara 'para aura paramArtha' se preraNA prApta kreN| rASTra mAtra ke rASTrIya-hita ke AdhAra para mola-bhAva, kraya-vikraya aura dA~va. peMca na karake samasta vizva kA hita soceM / yaha tabhI hogA, jaba vyakti 'parama artha' kI zikSA lege aura usakA rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya kAryoM meM anvaya krege| artha-nIti aura rAjanIti ko paramparatA kI prema-nIti para calAye binA spardhA, dveSa, ghRNA ke vAtAvaraNa ko badalA nahIM jA sakatA / jainendrajI kA vizvAsa hai ki artha kA paramArthIkaraNa rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya stara para bhI asambhava nahIM hai / jo bhI deza aisI pahala karane ke lie Age bar3hegA, yadi usameM sirpha eka joza hI na hokara samagra aura ahaM kI sahI avadhAraNA (Right Assessment) kI kSamatA aura kucha kara gujarane kA sAhasa hogA to use ghATe meM nahIM rahanA par3egA / vijJAna isa dizA meM mAnava kI pUrI sahAyatA kara sakatA hai / usase sahAyatA lenA yA na le pAnA yaha mAnava kI apanI naitikatA para nirbhara karatA hai / vaijJAnika adhyAtma jainendrajI ne 'vaijJAnika adhyAtma' nAma kA prayoga kiyA hai / maiM samajhatA hUM jainendra darzana para vaha nAma ThIka baiThatA hai / aAtmikatA arthAt pArasparikatA ko lakSya mAnakara calAnA aura vaijJAnika satyoM kA aAtmikatA ke vikAsa-krama meM pUrA upayoga karanA hI vaijJAnika adhyAtma kahalA sakatA hai| brahma kI samagratA, ahaM kI aMzatA, donoM kI sApekSatA-ye tIna astitva ke sabase adhika vaijJAnika satya haiN| ina tInoM kA parasparatA aura ahiMsA ke lie upayoga ho, yahI vyAvahArika adhyAtma aura usakA

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jainendra kI dArzanika vicAraNAM 147 lakSya ho sakatA hai| jainendra jI kA yaha premavAdI adhyAtma sarvagrAsI hai aura zUnyavAdI a yAtma kI taraha cetanA ko ruddha , niSkriya aura jar3ita nahIM karatA, varan use eka svastha sphUrti pradAna karatA hai aura mAnasika graMthiyoM ko kholatA hai / vaha mAnava ke sAmane vyaktigata, pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya aura antarrASTrIya sakriyatA kI yojanA prastuta karatA hai / mAnavatA ke sAtha vaha eka ucca naitika lakSya sthApita karatA hai aura usakI prANa vattA ko asIma abAdha banAkara bhautikavAda aura vijJAnavAda para prArUDha hone kI preraNA detA hai / jainendra kI vicAraNA gA~dhIvAda kA vaijJAnika adhyayana karatI hai aura usakI mUla gahana preraNApro ko bauddhika aura vyAvahArika tala para le AtI hai| bhautikavAda aura vijJAna ko 'pare-pare' karanA AstikatA se inkAra karanA hai kyoMki ye donoM bhI bhagavAn kI hI dena haiM / jainendrajI kA mata hai ki ina donoM se bhaya khAnA vyakti cetanA ke nIce brahma kI sattA ko amAnya ThaharAnA hai| vijJAna aura adhyAtma jaba paraspara sApekSa banakara ghule-mileMge, to usakA suphala yahI ho sakatA hai ki rASTroM ke bIca parasparatA aura prIti bar3he, zraddhA kI sambhAvanA kama ho aura eka vizva-saMskRti kA vikAsa ho /

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zrI satyaprakAza 'miliMda' bhAI sAhaba aura maiM bAta san 1940-41 kI hogI "eka dina anAyAsa yUnivarsiTI se lauTate samaya kucha mitroM se hindI-upanyAsoM kI gatividhiyoM para carcA cala gii| binA kisI saMkoca ke maiMne mitra-maMDalI meM sunItA, kalyANI aura parakha para khAse chIMTe kasa diye| Aja jaba maiM mana kI gaharAiyoM meM utara kara jhA~katA hU~ to aisA lagatA hai ki merA usa prakAra pAlocanA karanA sambhavataH vidyArthI jIvana kI 'Igo' kA samarthaka rahA hogaa| ina tInoM upanyAsoM ke sarjaka jainendrajI kA nAma maiM 1936-37 meM hI suna cukA thA / navIM aura dasavIM kakSA meM yadyapi merA vaikalpika viSaya vijJAna thA, to bhI sAhitya kI kalpanA mujhase dUra nahIM bhAga pAI thii| 'sunItA' nAmaka upanyAsa ke mAdhyama se jainendrajI ke choTe-bar3e, jAne-anajAne kaI dhudhale aura bikhare citra maiM banA pAyA thA / kisI dina maiM socatA jainendra koI lambe bAloM vAle, klInazeva, moTe tA.) vyakti hoMge, to dUsare hI kSaraNa mere mana meM yaha pAtA ki jainendra ke sAhitya meM jitanI durUhatA hai, utanA hI durUha unakA vyaktitva bhI hogA / jainendrajI ke do-eka upanyAsoM ko par3hane ke bAda merI aisI kucha dhAraNA bana gaI thI ki jainendrajI svatantra prabuddha vicAraka haiM aura unameM paramparAgata rUr3hivAdI sanAtanatA hU~Dhe nahIM mila sakatI / maiM jainendra ke viSaya meM taraha-taraha kI dhAraNAeM banA baiThA thA / mana meM yaha AkAMkSA maiMne avazya saMjokara rakha lI thI ki maiM avasara pAte hI unake upanyAsoM kA kramika aura vistRta adhyayana kruuNgaa| apanI usa samaya kI usa dhAraNA para Aja jaba maiM vicAra karatA hU~ to mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki jainendra eka kuzala citere kI bhAMti jisa asaMkoca aura nirdvandvatA ke sAtha apane caritroM ke gopanIya vyaktitvoM kI ulajhanoM aura unake durAva-chipAvoM ko khola kara rakha dene meM dakSa haiM, usI kA prayoga ve caritroM kI manogranthiyoM ke vizleSaNa meM kara baiThate haiN| + + aAja karIba 22 sAla purAnI bAta hai / mujhe yAda par3atA hai maiMne janendrajI ke upanyAsoM para kisI patra meM samIkSA kara dI thI, para vismRti ke garta se khoja kara maiM use pUrI taraha se nahIM prastuta kara pA rahA hU~ / mujhe yAda hai mere mana meM jo vidroha ( 148 )

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bhAI sAhaba aura maiM 146 jainendra ke nArI pAtra-citraNa ke virodha meM bAra-bAra jAgakara DaTa khar3A hotA thA, usI ke prakAzana ke lie maiMne aisA kiyA thaa| lagabhaga dasa varSa pUrva kI bAta hai / eka dina sAMskRtika samAroha meM eka dubalepatale, khuda meM hI khoye hue vyakti ko dekhane kA avasara milA thA / kucha loga dUra se hI batA rahe the. ye jainendrajI haiN| utsuka to maiM itane dina se thA hii| maiM bhI vahIM mArga meM khar3A khoyA-sA dekhatA rahA / maiMne unakI A~khoM kI gaharAI meM utarane kI koziza kI, unakI vezabhUSA ko dekhA aura unake khuda meM hI khoye hue vyaktitva meM se kucha DhUr3ha nikAlane kI ceSTA kii| kucha hI dera bAda mujhe aisA lagA ki isa kRtikAra ke prati ajanabI banA rahanA merI mUrkhatA hI nahIM to aura kyA hai / para maiM na jAne kyoM mana meM saMjoye usa parAyepana ko vApasa lekara hI lauTa aayaa| + AkAzavANI ke dillI kendra se merI vArtA prasArita ho cukI thii| maiM pA~ca nambara sTUDiyo se nikala hI rahA thA ki mujhe eka AvAja sunAI dI. maiMne kucha aMza sunane ke bAda pUchA 'kisakI TAka hai|'' mere eka mitra mahodaya ne kahA, "Apane dekhA nahIM / abhI-abhI to jainendra jI gae haiN|" maiM lapaka kara bAhara AyA aura pUchatApAchatA usa sthAna para pahu~ca hI gayA, jahA~ se jainendrajI nikala kara jAne ko the| ___ aba taka maiM jainendrajI ke sunItA, tyAgapatra, vivarta, atIta aura sukhadA upanyAsoM kA adhyayana kara cakA thA / unake caritroM kI manograMthiyoM se TakarAte-TakarAte maiM yaha samajhane lagA thA ki jainendra ke sAhitya ko samajhanA muzkila hai| maiM aise hI vicAroM meM ulajhA huA thA ki itane meM maiMne dekhA eka vyakti sAmane se A rahA hai| vahI to jainendrajI the / maiM dhyAna se dekhatA rahA / unake sIdhepana aura unakI sAdagI kA mere mana para yaha prabhAva par3A ki jainendrajI kA satya eka vaijJAnika ke satya se kahIM U~cA hai aura unakA jIvana apane pariveza meM kahIM adhika vyApaka hai| ____ maiM milA, namaskAra kiyA aura darzana-mAtra kA sukha prApta karake hI calA AyA / lauTakara ghara Ane para socatA rahA ki jainendra kI jo taraha-taraha kI samIkSAe~ kI jAtI haiM aura jo upekSA kI jAtI hai, usameM koI satya hogA yaha vicAraNIya viSaya hai| - + aura pAjAja bahuta kucha socatA hU~. 'pichale do-tIna sAla jainendrajI ke sambandhoM ko bar3e kutUhala ke sAtha dekhatA hU~ / socatA hU~ jainendrajI ke (bhAI sAhaba ke) hA~, maiM unheM bhAI sAhaba hI to kahatA huuN| isa Dhera se pyAra ko maiM sameTa kara, saMjokara

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150 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva rakhane kI kSamatA bhI rakhatA hU~ kyA ? maiM kaI bAra yahAM taka soca baiThatA hU~ ki ghaniSThatama sAmIpya kahIM manuSya kI racanAtmaka vivecanA zakti ko samApta to nahIM kara detaa| eka bAra yadi koI unake pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai to use uThane kI phursata nahIM miltii| unakA samUcA sneha saccA aura hRdaya kA sneha 'usa Agantuka para pUrI taraha se bikhara jAtA hai / unakI ImAnadAra anubhUti prApako pUrI taraha se parakha DAlatI hai aura kabhI-kabhI Adarza aura yathArtha kI ulajhana meM ulajha kara svayaM janendrajI se hI Apa pUcha baiThate haiM, ApakI bAta yathArtha hai to amuka vyakti ne aisA kyoM kahA hai ? jainendrajI ha~sate hue kevala apane pakSa ko samajhAte haiN| dUsare visI bhI vidvAn para chIMTA kasanA yA kIcar3a uchAlanA unheM pasanda nahIM hai| jainendra apane parivAra meM hareka ko apanA sneha dete haiM / unakI eka kamajorI hai| ve jIvana meM parivAra ke mahatva ko kama nahIM hone dete| hAM, 'artha' se unakA utanA adhika lagAva nahIM hai, jitanA aura bahuta se logoM ko hotA hai / 'himAdri' kI yojanA yA 'gaMgArAma aspatAla' ke jIvana ko dekhakara svIkAra karanA hI hotA hai ki svataMtra vicAraka hote hue bhI jainendra pArivArika ekarUpatA ko banAe rakhane meM bahuta dakSa haiM / kaI bAra maiM, patA nahIM, kyoM bhAI sAhaba se kaha baiTatA hU~..."bhAI sAhiba Apa prekTikala bilkula bhI nahIM haiN|" aura jainendra haiM ki ha~sa kara TAla dete haiM / kabhI. kabhI ve apanI dizA aura lakSya kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI karate haiM, para bAra-bAra jaba maiM ekAnta ke kSaNoM meM vicAra karatA hUM to mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki unake niSkarSoM kA unake jIvana se apanA hI sambandha hai| rIti-rivAja aura dasturaH 'janendrajI ko rIti-rivAjoM aura dasturoM kA bilkula bhI jJAna nahIM haimaiM to yaha bhI kahane kI dhRSTatA kara DAlatA huuN| unheM kevala vahI dastUra pasanda haiM jo unake mana ko ruceM / joza unako chukara bhI nahIM gayA hai / roSa unameM hogA, para vaha kSaNika hai / eka dina kI bAta hai merI kisI bAta se kSubdha hokara bhAI sAhaba ne mujhase phona para kaha diyA'. . "basa hamArA tumhArA sambandha samApta / " aura jaba unheM sthiti spaSTa ho gaI to turanta hI bulA bhejaa| vehada prAzcarya huA / abhI to bhAI sAhiba nArAja ho rahe the aura abhI bulA bhejA aura jaba maiM pandraha-bIsa minaTa meM hI jA pahu~cA to maiM stabdha raha gayA / unhoMne aisA sneha pradarzita kiyA mAno kucha huA hI na ho| isaliye merI aisI dhAraNA bana gaI hai ki bahuta se bhAI unakI maMgala-preraNA ko amaMgalakArI mAna baiThate haiM aura unake apane hI vicAroM ko aTapaTA batAte haiM / vAtAvaraNa meM unakI upalabdhiyoM kA jaba maiM zAnti se mUlyAMkana karanA cAhatA hU~ to mujhe janendra jI ke antarmAnasa se nikalane vAle calate-phirate vAkyoM aura pravacanoM ko saMjokara rakhane kI icchA hotI hai|

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bhAI sAhaba aura meM 151 'duniyAM aisA kahatI hai, duniyAM meM aisA hotA AyA hai'. 'ye vAkya jainendrajI ke antarmAnasa meM zAyada ramate nhiiN| eka bAra eka uccakoTi ke sAhityakAra se jainendrajI kI carcA chir3a gaI / unakA spaSTa mata thA ki jainendra meM 'Igo' bahuta hai| maiMne hara dRSTikoNa se isa bAta ko parakhane kI koziza kI hai| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki bhAI sAhiba ke antara kI ImAnadArI ko bhI loga galata samajha baiThate haiN| kucha sAmAjika vibhISikAtroM ne unheM sahamA diyA hai aura unameM samAja kI jhUThI maryAdAnoM ko pAlane kI kSamatA lagabhaga zeSa nahIM rahI hai / jIvana kI vAstavikatAoM ko ve apane hI dRSTikoNa se samabhAnA aura parakhanA cAhate haiM / mAdhurya aura gati donoM ke samanvaya kI mAMga bhI jainendrajI se prAdhyAtmikatA kA tyAga nahIM karA sktiiN| abhAvagrasta aura dUSita samAja para prahAra karate janendra Darate bilkula bhI nahIM haiN| majhe kaI bAra aisA lagatA hai ki jainendra svayaM eka samasyA haiM aura jaba ve apane dArzanika vicAroM kA prakAzana karate haiM to aneka vyakti unakI duruhatA ke kAraNa upahAsa taka kara baiThate haiM / hAM, yaha avazya hai ki samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM ve nIce itane utara jAte haiM ki ve zAyada yaha bhI bhUla baiThate haiM ki unake lekhoM ko par3hane vAlA pAThaka unako durUha dekhakara usake ulTe artha bhI lagA baitthegaa| abhI usa dina kI hI to bAta hai; bhAI sAhiba se sarakAra kI hindI nIti kI carcA chir3a gaI / 'maiM unakI hajAra galatiyoM ko kyoM dekhU, jaba mujhameM svayaM hI cAra hajAra galatiyA~ bharI par3I haiM / ' kitanI mahAn svIkArokti hai, jisameM unake vyaktitva kI mahAnatA vyakta hotI hai| jainendra jI meM koI bhI durAva-chipAva hai hI nahIM / ve svayaM aneka bAra apane nikammepana aura pramAda kI duhAI dete pAye gaye haiM, para maiM yaha samajhatA hai ki yaha unakA bhrama hI hai, kyoMki ve to drutagati se Age bar3hate cale jA rahe haiN| nitya prati unakI naI kRtiyA~ pA rahI haiM aura 'samaya aura hama' ne to hindI bhASA meM nizcaya hI eka nayA adhyAya khola diyA hai| bhAI sAhiba se gharelU masaloM para jaba-jaba bAteM hotI haiM, ve khulakara apanI rAya dete haiM aura adhikAMza unakI rAya cAhe duniyAdAroM ko aTapaTI-sI lage, para antataH hogI bilkula saccI hii| "iphasa eMDa baTsa" lagatA hai, unheM lagAne hI nahIM Ate / yahI unakI vyAvahArika akuzalatA hai / kaI bAra maiMne dekhA hai ki jainendrajI meM aTUTa pyAra bharA par3A hai, lekina ghara vAle bAbUjI' se bahuta Darate se haiM / bAta yaha hai ki unheM kisI paristhiti ko svIkAra karAne ke liye bAdhya kara sakanA kisI ke liye bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| apane rAma to

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152 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva apanI janmajAta udaMDatA ke aAdhAra para ucita-anucita sabhI kucha kaha DAlate haiN| jainendrajI kI sabase bar3I kamajorI yaha hai ki jo bhI unheM apane mana meM satya jaMcatA hai, ve usake prakAzana meM lezamAtra bhI saMkoca nahIM baratate / isI se ve samAja ke lie pratikriyAvAdI aura samasyA pradhAna se bana jAte haiM aura mitroM ke lie apriya / / jainendrajI ke upanyAsoM, kahAniyoM aura unake pravacanoM para jaba kabhI carcA chir3atI hai to merA uttara yahI rahatA hai ki maiM to bhAI sAhiba ko ghara ke bujurga kI haisiyata se hI dekhatA huuN| aura yaha bAta bilakula saca hai| zraddheya pitAjI gatavarSa jisa dina DAkTara mahAjana ke nasiMga homa meM dAkhila huye, usI dina se bhAI sAhaba kA yaha nitya prati kA krama-sA ho gayA thA ki pitAjI ke svargArohaNa ke dina taka ve roja do-do ghanTe unakI rogazaiyA ke pAsa baiThe rahate / / ve mahAtmA nahIM hai| jaisA ve bAra-bAra kahate haiM, unameM bahuta-sI kamiyA~ bhI haiM, para unameM eka vicitra-sA AkarSaNa hai / ve komala haiM aura sahRdaya haiM, behada darje ke aura apanI musIbatoM ko khuda hI jhelane ke AdI bana gaye haiN| apanI samasyAoM ko lekara ve poroM se bahuta hI kama bolate haiM / mana hI mana ghuTanA mAno unheM bahuta pasanda hai| ___aMgrejI ve dhArA-pravAha bolate haiM, para kitanA vismaya aura apAra prAnanda mujhe usa dina nainItAla se lauTane para huA, jaba maiM unake ghara gayA to DAkTara raghavIra ke sAtha sammelana kI carcA cala gaI / bhAI sAhiba ne svataMtra rUpa meM khulakara kahA ki maiM urdU-hindI ke vivAda ko mahattva dene se bhI kahIM adhika mahattva aMgrejI ko rASTra-bhASA banAne ke virodha ko detA huuN| isase spaSTa hai ki unakA ananya hindI prema unako rAjanaitikatA kI daladala se kahIM Upara uThA le jAtA hai / ___jainendrajI dUra videzoM meM ghUme phire haiM, unakA jJAna aparisIma hai aura sAmAnya vyakti ko to unakI sAdagI ko dekhakara unake jJAna kA anumAna taka lagA sakanA muzkila hotA hai| kaI bAra mujhe svayaM hI aisI AzaMkA ho uThatI hai ki janendrajI ko sarvathA bandhanahIna honA cAhiye thA, lekina vastu-sthiti to yaha hai ki yaha kriyAzIla, rAhRdaya aura sAdhanArata sAhityika hara prakAra se prAja ina baMdhanoM se Upara uTha cukA hai / yo duniyA~ dikhAve ko ve ina bandhanoM se ghire bhale hoM, para una para vAtAvaraNa aura paristhitiyoM kA koI vizeSa bandhana nahIM hai| duniyAM mati-bhrama aura di bhrama dUra hone para eka dina isa satya kA anubhava avazya kregii|

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rAmaratana bhaTanAgara, ema0 e0, DI0 phila upanyAsakAra jainendra : punarmUlyAMkana (1) jainendra ke prAlocakoM ne unakI racanAoM meM kathA hI dekhI hai, unakI vyathA se ve apane ko bacA gaye haiM / maiM mAnatA hU~ ki upanyAsa meM hama kathA cAhate haiM, parantu kathA se bar3I cIz2a yadi koI upanyAsakAra detA hai to hama use kyoM asvIkAra kara deM ? yaha bar3I cIz2a yadi hamArI sAmAjika aura vyaktigata maryAdAnoM ko cunautI detI hai to kyA burA hai ? kyA upanyAsa do ghar3I jI bahalAne kI cIz2a raha gayA hai ? kyA usakI caritArthatA mAnava-caritra kI sambhAvanAoM ko unmukta karane meM nahIM hai ? upanyAsa ke pAtra kyA apane meM svataMtra, sarvanirapekSa ikAI haiM ki upanyAsakAra aura pAThaka bhI unakI duniyA~ meM DUbakara vahIM ke hokara raha jAyeM aura vicAroM kI TakarAhaTa se apane ko bacA leM ? ye kucha prazna jainendra kI racanAoM ke adhyetA ke sAmane khula kara zrAte haiM / premacaMda ko jo satahI, kama-manovaijJAnika aura bojhala kahate cale Aye haiM, ve jainendra kI talasparzI manomayI aura tanvi kalAkRtiyoM se kyoM katarAnA cAhate haiM ? yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki hama zreSTha racanAoM aura kalAkAroM kA faisalA kalA ke hAthoM sauMpakara nizcita honA cAhate haiM aura apanI suvidhA aura surakSA meM hI apane samIkSA-dharma kA nirvAha samajhate haiM / yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama jainendra kI racanAoM kA mUlyAMkana kareM aura unameM kucha gaharA utareM / prazna na jaina-dharma kI dhvajA kA hai, na jainendra-dharma kI dhvajA kA prazna hamArI sAmarthya kA hai, kyoMki pratyeka sazakta racanA yuga ke prati hI cunautI nahIM hai, vaha sahRdaya aura samIkSaka ke lie bhI cunautI / kRti se baca kara yA kRtikAra para dhUla DAla kara hama usake teja ko kuThita nahIM kara sakege / grastu | eka ke bAda, eka jainendra ne ATha upanyAsa hameM diye haiM / " tapobhUmi" ko hama chor3a dete haiM aura "zranAma svAmI" abhI apUrNa hI sAmane AyA hai / ye upanyAsa jainendra ke kathA-jagata ke mahadAMza bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki unakI kahAniyoM meM una samasyAoM ko tathA aura bhI aneka samasyAoM ko uThAyA gayA hai jo suvidhA aura sAmarthya rahane para upanyAsa bhI bana sakatI thiiN| yahI nahIM, jainendra kA vicAraka nibandhoM, vArtAoM aura TippaNiyoM meM bhI una kucha mUla praznoM para vicAra karatA rahA hai jo ( 153 )

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154 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ina upanyAsoM meM ubhare haiM / isa jIvana vyApI kRtitva kI bhUmikA meM hI hameM unakI sphuTa racanAoM ko dekhanA hogA aura unake pUrvApara sambandha kA nirvAha karate hue bhI unake sAmAjika kathAkAra para dRSTi kendrita rakhanI hogI / kyA jainendra kI ina racanAoM ke pIche koI kramavikAsAtmaka sucintana hai ? vaha jIvana ke pIche daur3e haiM yA vicAra ke ? unakI racanAoM meM vastusthiti kA citraNa hai yA saMbhAvanAoM kA ? vaha manovaijJAnika kathAkAra haiM yA sAmAjika kathAkAra yA vaicArika kathAkAra ? yadi hama ina racanAoM meM koI prAMtarika vyavasthA aura sunirdiSTa cetanA pA sakeM to kyA hama unake satya kI grAMca ko jhelane ke liye taiyAra haiM ? sAhitya kA dharma na jIvana ke dharma se baca sakatA hai, na use khaNDita kara sakatA hai / hama jainendra jaise mUlabaddha citaka se yaha AzA nahIM kara sakate ki vaha avacetana ko niraMkuza chor3a kara arAjakatA paidA karegA yA camatkAra - siddhi para Tikakara visphoTaka bana jAyegA / apane kathA - sAhitya jainendra ne buddhi ko niraMtara harAyA hai, parantu vaha kahIM bhI bauddhika nahIM hue haiM / buddhi para Tika kara hI vaha usakI asamarthatA ko caritArtha karate haiM / phalataH yaha prAva I ka hai ki unake punarmUlyAMkana ke lie hama naye praznoM ko ubhAreM aura naye mAnadaNDa sAmane lAyeM / darzana, adhyAtma, dharma, samAja- ye jIvana ke bAhara nahIM haiM aura jainendra inameM pUre-pUre rame haiM / unake nibaMdha, parisaMvAda, vArtAeM Adi pramANa haiM / phira hama unase kisa svataMtra sAhitya-dharma kA grAgraha karate haiM jo manovijJAna yA rasa kI sImA mAtra meM simaTAye / vicAraka kathAkAra kathA ko vicAra meM se hI ubhAregA, parantu kathA apane sAtha vaha saba kucha lAyegI jo jIvana kA nirmANa karatA hai / usameM manovaijJAnikatA bhI bharapUra rahegI, parantu vaha kitAbI hokara bhI kitAbI nahIM hogI, kyoMki koI bhI zreSTha kalAkAra zAstra kI baisAkhI pakar3akara calanA svIkAra nahIM karegA | jainendra jIvana dharmI kalAkAra haiM aura unakI kalA sAmAjika aura sarvagrAhI rahI hai / ata: unako hama na romAMsa kA baMdhana de sakate haiM, na grAdarza kA, na yathArtha kA, kyoMki jIvana ina sabako simeTa kara bhI inase upara hai / hone meM hI usakI sArthakatA nahIM hai, kucha Age bar3ha kara banane meM bhI usakI sArthakatA hai / isIliye vAstava avAstava kA prazna bhI unake sAhitya meM nahIM uThatA / samAdhAna yaha hai ki hama jainendra ke upanyAsoM ko saheM, unakI AMca meM tape, unakI vyathA ko par3heM aura na manovijJAna meM ulajheM, na darzana meM, na 'kahe' meM; kyoMki 'kahe' ke pIche 'akahA' bhI kucha kama dhvanita nahIM hai / premacaMda ke mApadaNDa para hama jainendra ko nahIM prAMka sakate, adhika-se-adhika vaha mApadaNDa 'parakha' para lAgU ho sakatA hai / svayaM premacaMda use 'sunItA' para bhI lAgU nahIM kara sake the aura isa racanA ke AdarzavAda ko unhoMne prativAdI aura avyAvahArika mAnA thA, parantu yaha zrAvazyaka

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upanyAsakAra jainendra : punarmUlyAMkana 155 nahIM hai ki janendra kisI ke mAnadaNDa para caleM / unakA mAnadaNDa unake sAhitya ke bhAtara hI milegA, parantu vaha vizuddhatA aura ekAMgitA kA mAnadaNDa nahIM ho sakatA / nayA upanyAsa buddhi, dharma, samAja, cAritrya, nIti saba para praznacihna lagAtA calA gayA hai / usameM karane kI lAcArI nahIM ubharI hai, hone kI majabUrI sAmane AI hai| vaha hemaleTI hai yA phAusTI / kartavya-prakarttavya ke dvandva ne use durbodha banA diyA hai; kyoMki vaha jIvana ko kurukSetra ke rUpa meM nahIM, dharma-kSetra ke rUpa meM lenA cAhatA hai / hama yaha kyoM dekhate haiM ki pAtra kyA kara rahe haiM ? hama yaha kyoM nahIM dekheM ki vaha kyA ho rahe haiM ? vyathA ke bhItara se hone kI pIr3A ubhAranA hI kyA kalAkAra kA dharma nahIM hai ? jainendra ke pahale upanyAsa 'parakha' (1926) meM hI hameM unake vicAraka rUpa kA AbhAsa ho jAtA hai / yadyapi kathApravAha aura naI bhASA-zailI ke camatkAra meM hama una mahatvapUrNa praznoM ko zIghra hI bhUla jAte haiM jo pRSThabhUmi meM jhAMka rahe haiM / pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki jainendra jIvana ke kendra meM strI ko rakha dete haiM aura yahA~ taka kaha jAte haiM ki dharma strI para TikA hai, sabhyatA strI para nirbhara hai / unake zabda haiM : "puruSa banAtA hai, vidhAtA bigAr3a detA hai-aMgrejI kI eka kahAvata hai| saMzodhana kara yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, puruSa banAtA hai, strI bigAr3a detI hai / taba bhI kahAvata meM kama tathya yA kama rasa nahIM rahatA / bAta vAstava meM yaha hai ki puruSa kama banAtA yA bigAr3atA hai / isI taraha puruSa kucha nahIM banAtA-bigAr3atA, jo kucha banAtI aura bigAr3atI haiM strI hii| strI hI vyakti ko banAtI hai, ghara ko, kuTumba ko banAtI hai, jAti aura deza ko bhI, maiM kahatA hU~, strI hI banAtI hai| phira unheM bigAr3atI bhI vahI hai / Ananda bhI vahI aura kalaha bhI, harAva bhI aura ujAr3a bhI, dUdha bhI aura khana bhI aura phira ApakI marammata aura zreSThatA bhI-saba kucha strI hI banAtI hai| dharma strI para TikA hai, sabhyatA strI para nirbhara hai aura phaizana kI jar3a bhI vahI hai / bAta ko bar3hAno, eka zabda meM kaheM-duniyA strI para TikI hai / jo A~khoM meM dekhate haiM, cupacApa isa tathya ko svIkAra kara, dabake baiThe rahate haiM, jyAde cU nahIM karate / jisake A~kheM nahIM, vaha mAne yA na mAneM, hamArI balA se|"- - parakha', dUsarA saMskaraNa, 1941, pR0 58-56 / / parantu strI kI yaha pramukhatA apane meM yoM hI nahIM hai| vaha prema aura vivAha ke praznoM ko lekara hai, kyoki yahI jIvana ke adhikAMza kSetra ko gherate haiM, parantu prema aura vivAha meM se yadi kisI eka ko cunanA par3a jAye to AdamI kyA kare ? vaha prema ko cune yA vivAha ko ? dvandva kI sthiti yahIM se zurU hotI hai / eka avazya TUTegA-prema yA vivAha, kyoMki donoM ko lekara calane vAle saubhAgyazAlI kama hI

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156 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva hoge / phira yaha bhI to saMbhava hai ki prema ghara ke bAhara se bhItara grAkara vivAha para coTa kare aura gharauMdA hI TUTa jAye / kauna TUTegA, pati yA patnI ? yA dAmpatya kI gA~Tha itanI dRr3ha rahegI ki bAhara se Ane vAlA prema palAyana kara jAyegA ? parantu yadi vaha prema dotaraphA hai to kucha-na-kucha saMkaTa to upasthita hI hogA / isa prakAra prema aura vivAha kI samasyA jainendra ke upanyAsoM kI pramukha samasyA bana jAtI hai| isa taraha calakara vivAha ke mAdhyama se samAja AtA hai aura samAja hameM yAnI kAlabaddha manazcetanA ko cukA kara kisI aura bhI sUkSma aura sazakta mUlAdhAra kI aura iMgita kara detA hai - niyati, yA Izvara, yA kyA ? jainendra apanI racanAoM kI pariNati isI niyativAda yA IzvaravAda meM karate haiM aura spaSTa hI yaha samasyA kA koI samAdhAna nahIM hai / usase na vyakti sArthaka hotA hai, na samAja; parantu samabhau aura samAdhAna hameM mila jAte haiM / isa 'Izvara' ko bIca meM lAkara aupanyAsika kalA kI dRSTi se jainendra abUjha bana gaye haiM / unhoMne buddhi ko harA diyA hai aura manovijJAna ko pIche DAla diyA hai, parantu vicAraka kathAkAra ke lie koI to AdhAra cAhiye, jisa para Tika kara vaha ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM ko saMbhAla sake / jainendra kI Teka hai niyati yA paramAtmA / donoM eka haiM, kyoMki donoM abUjha aura aMtima haiM aura una para manuSya kA koI basa nahIM calatA / 'parakha' meM yaha paramAtmA pahalI bAra AyA hai / use hama samajheM | jainendra ke zabdoM meM "lekina dina eka-se nahIM rahate / kAma calA jAtA hai aura cIz2oM ko naI-purAnI kara jAtA hai / naI kA kAma hai purAnI ho jAye / vaha marI, phira zAyada kisI vizeSa paddhati se naI ho jAtI hai / vaha vizeSa vidhi kyA hai, so hama kyA jaaneN| jise vidvAnoM ne khojA, mara gaye para nahIM pA gaye, khoja rahe haiM, mara rahe haiM, para nahIM pA rahe haiM - usI ko hama kyA jAneM | hamase bahuta jyAdA mehanata nahIM hotI, hama khojane khojane meM hI cora pAne ke lAlaca meM khone khone meM hI hamase jiMdagI nahIM bitAyI jaayegii| hamane to eka zabda meM kaha diyA 'paramAtmA' aura mAno hamane pA liyA / para loga haiM, khojane se thakanA hI nahIM cAhate / kahate haiM, hama pAkara hI chor3eMge / hama unako dhanyavAda dete haiM, hAtha jor3ate haiM, bar3I zraddhA se 'nAstika' kahate haiM, bhAI khUba khojo, jitanA bane utanA / para bidA se eka dina pahale samAdhAna nahIM mila pAye, to hamAre sAtha ho jAnA aura kahanA 'paramAtmA' mila gayA to hama isakA jimmA lete haiM ki jitane koSa mileMge, hama z2abaradastI unameM se 'paramAtmA' miTA DAleMge / " 'parakha', vahI, pR0 127-28 / ina avataraNoM se jainendra ke cintana kI dizAeM spaSTa ho jAtI haiM / unake lie kathA kI sArthakatA yahI hai ki vaha unheM prema aura vivAha ke sambandha meM samAdhAna de aura Izvara ko bhI apane samAdhAna meM khapA DAle /

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upanyAsakAra jainendra : punarmUlyAMkana 'parakha' meM isa samasyA kA kyA hala hai ? satya samAja se samajhautA kara letA hai, prema ko chor3a kara vaha vivAha para Tika jAtA hai aura garimA usakI ho jAtI hai| vaha samAja kA saMbhrAMta aura saphala sadasya banatA hai / udhara kaTTo aura bihArI vivAha ke sthAna para atIzaya prema, pleTaoNnika lava-kA mArga cunate haiN| yoM samAja bhI banA rahatA hai aura prema kI samasyA bhI sulajha jAtI hai, kyoMki samAja ke liye usameM koI dvidhA nahIM hai ki usako svIkAra kara liyA gayA aura cupacApa usase bAhara calA gayA / kasauTI hai samAja aura usakI parakha meM satyadhana kyA pUre utare ? parantu kyA kasauTI prema bhI nahIM hai aura usameM kaTTo-bihArI hI pUre-pUre nahIM utare ? apanAapanA dRSTikoNa / parantu lekhaka AdarzavAdI hai aura kaTTo-bihArI ke sAtha hai, satyaghana ke sAtha nahIM / satyaghana kA hRdaya kaTTo ke hI sAtha hai aura usI ke nAte (aura Agraha para) garimA kA pati vaha banA rahegA, parantu samAja kA saphala vyakti kyA apane prati ImAnadAra raha sakatA hai ? kyA usane samAja ke sAtha samajhautA nahIM kiyA hai ? prazna mUlyoM kA hai aura jina mUlyoM ko lekara satyaghana calanA cAhatA hai, ve usI ke dvArA khaNDita ho gaye haiM / yaha spaSTa hai ki jainendra kevala kathA hI nahIM kahanA cAhate / ve sAMskRtika aura zAzvata jIvana-mUlya bhI ubhAranA cAhate haiM / unakI kathA kA astitva siddhAMta ke bhItara se hai yA yoM kaheM ki siddhAnta hI usakI caritArthatA hai / hama kyA cuneM ?-tAtkAlika yA zAzvata ? uttara jainendra ke pAsa nahIM hai, kyoMki hama apanI prakRti aura kSamatA ke anusAra hI cuneMge, parantu satyaghana aura bihArI-kaTTo ke rUpa meM donoM virodhI dizAyeM hamAre sAmane haiM / prema jItA,kyoMki vaha samAja ke niyaMtraNa se bAhara nikala gayA, parantu kyA kaTTo-bihArI kI isa pariNati meM samAja ke karma-kavaca kI dhajjiyAM nahIM ur3AI gaI haiN| jainendra kI isa racanA ke ekadama prAdarzavAdI bhUmikA para lekara hamane usakI vyaMga kI mudrA ko anadekhA hI kara diyA hai| parantu kyA vyaMga unheM bhI spaSTa thA ? apanI dUsarI racanA 'sunItA" (1932) meM jainendra prema aura vivAha ke isa dvandva ko aura bhI gaharA kara dete haiM, kyoMki prema yahA~ pUrvarAgI nahIM hai, vivAha meM usakI pariNati nahIM hogii| vaha vivAha (dAmpatya jIvana) ke prati cunautI ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA hai / jainendra ne sunItA ke virasa dAmpatya jIvana kI tIvratA ko ubhAra kara isa cunautI ko upayukta bhUmikA bhI de dI hai| prazna yaha hai ki ghara-bAhara meM kauna jItatA hai / preyasItva kI zobhA se alaMkRta nArI ghara meM raha jAtI hai yA nArItva kI dIpazikhA vana kara ghara se bAhara samAja meM yA jAtI hai ? ghara TUTatA hai yA ghara kI dIvAroM se TakarA kara "bAhara" bAhara hI raha jAtA hai / hariprasanna yahA~ bAhara kA pratIka hai / yaha samasyA naI nahIM hai / ravi bAbU ke "ghare-bAhire" meM hI use ubhArA gayA hai, parantu

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158 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva vahA~ dvandva manovaijJAnika hai, saiddhAntika nahIM,-na usake lie pati ko ghara se gAyaba hokara mArga nikAlanA par3atA hai / antara bhI hai| ravIndra kI racanA meM ghara TUTA hai, parantu jainendra meM vaha banA hI nahIM rahA hai, aura bhI sudRr3ha ho gayA hai / parantu isakA kyA bharosA ki phira usa para aAkramaNa nahIM hogA aura phira TUTane kI samasyA uTha nahIM khar3I hogI ? 'sukhadA' aura 'vivarta' (1946) meM jainendra ne isa samasyA ko phira liyA hai aura ghara ko tor3a DAlA hai / eka meM patnI TUTI hai, dUsare meM pati / isa prakAra ye tInoM upanyAsa eka hI prazna ke tIna samAdhAna prastuta karate haiM ? parantu kyA puruSa hI ghara para AkramaNa kara sakatA hai, strI nahIM ? jainendra jAnate haiM ki yaha dUsarI samasyA bhI Aja ke khule hue zikSita samAja meM asambhava nahIM hai / "inAma" aura "pramilA" kahAniyoM meM unhoMne apane ina tIna upanyAsoM kI samasyA ko naI bhUmikA denI cAhI hai / samAdhAna unheM nahIM mile haiM, parantu citraNa vahA~ spaSTa hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki ghara aura bAhara kI nae samAja kI eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa samasyA ko jainendra kaI dharAtaloM para sAmane lAte haiN| kAlakrama se "sunItA' ke bAda "tyAgapatra' (1935) kA prakAzana huA / isameM TUTe hue ghara kI samasyA hai / ghara-bAhara kI koI samasyA nahIM hai, kyoMki ghara eka taraha se banA hI nahIM hai yA banate-banate raha gayA hai / vAstava meM 'tyAgapatra' samasyAmUlaka nahIM hai, kyoMki jo samasyA thI, vaha mRNAla kI mRtyu se (balidAna se) hala ho gaI hai / raha gaI hai vyathA, jo bhatIje cIfa jaja sara ema0 dayAla se tyAgapatra dilavAtI hai| isI bugrA mRNAla ne bhogA aura calI gaI, parantu bhogane se kyA koI caka jAtA hai ? isIlie mRNAla kI kathA zeSa hokara bhI niHzeSa nahIM huI hai / 'tyAgapatra' ne sAre hindU samAja ko hI adAlata meM khar3A kara diyA hai : samasyA yadi hai to gaharI hai arthAt pApa-puNya kI hai ki buA (mRNAla) pApI hai yA nhiiN| kathAkAra ne utanI hI kathA dI hai, jitanI bhatIje kI A~khoM ne dekhI, yA usane anumAnita kI, zeSa mRNAla jAne yA bhagavAn, kyoMki isa upanyAsa meM kathAkAra sarvadRSTA kA colA utAra kara kathA ke uttaradAyitva se mukta ho jAtA hai / jahA~ taka sara ema0 dayAla kA sambandha hai, upanyAsa kI kahAnI unakI AtmapravaMcanA kI kahAnI hai, parantu unakI prAtmapravaMcanA unakI kathA bana sakatI hai, vaha samAja kI AkAMkSA kA pratinidhitva nahIM kara sakatI / 'tyAgapatra' zIrSaka ne mRNAla ko pIche DAla diyA hai, parantu dhyeya vahI hai| prazna yaha hai ki doSI kauna hai-mRNAla ? yA dayAla ke mAtA-pitA ? yA mRNAla kA pati ? yA samAja ? kyoM mRNAla gahare garta meM barAbara utaratI jAtI

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upanyAsakAra jainendra : punarmUlyAMkana 156 hai ? kyA yaha abalA nArI kA vidroha hai, yA samAja ke prati usakI cunautI hai yA bodhisattva balidAna ? mRNAla ke caritra ko phrAyaDIya manovijJAna ke sUtroM meM bA~dhane kA prayatna huA hai, paraMtu prArambhika prasaMgoM se Age bar3hane para usakA raMga utara jAtA hai| aura samAja kI grAMca meM tapatI huI pati-parityaktA nArI mRNAla raha jAtI hai / vaha na kaTTo hai, na sunItA hai, na jAhnavI / vaha samAja ke paMka meM DUbI huI mRNAla hai, paraMtu isa mRNAla para nArItva kA alipta paMkaja bhI khilA hai / samIkSakoM ne use dekhanA nahIM cAhA to isase kyA ? eka ora premacanda kI 'nirmalA' (1923) jo samAja kI vedI para tila-tila kaTa kara bali ho jAtI hai aura karuNA kI pratimUrti bana jAtI hai / usakI vyathA nizcaya hI trAsakIya hai, paraMtu mRNAla usase kama nahIM galI hai, phira bhI vaha trAsakIya nahIM bana sakI, cunautI hI bana sakI / usakI cunautI ahiMsAtmaka yA balidAnI hai / usameM Akroza nahIM, lAcArI kI kathA hai | lAcArI samAja ko banAe rakhane kI hai, kyoki mRNAla vidrohiNI nahIM bananA cAhatI aura samAja kI anivAryatA jAnatI hai, paraMtu usakA ajJAna sahanA nirmalA ke ajJAna sahane se bhinna hai / isase saMpUrNa upanyAsa sAmAjika bana jAtA hai / jo TUTA rahA hai, use bacAne kA mRNAla kA prayatna vyartha hI nahIM, hAsyAspada bhI hai / paristhiti ke isa vyaMga ne hI isa upanyAsa ko cunautI banA diyA hai / prAja bhI hama use svIkAra karane ke lie taiyAra nahIM haiM / dayAla ke cukI hai, mAnyatA para zrAghAta tyAgapatra meM samAja hArA hai, mRNAla jItI hai paraMtu hAra kara bhI samAja badalA nahIM hai, 'tyAgapatra' kI nAyikA mRNAla vivAha se TUTa kara ghara ke bAhara khar3I ho gaI hai, parantu samAja pati-parityaktA nArI ko kaise svIkAra kare / vaha use pApina mAnatA hai aura upanyAsakAra ko mRNAla kA pakSa lekara samAja kI isa karanA par3atA hai / sara ema0 paraMtu vaha kaba -- jaba vaha mara sara ema0 dayAla ko hI usase bAhara jA kara haridvAra meM virakta jIvana bitAnA par3a rahA hai / samAja aura mRNAla ke bIca meM sara ema0 dayAla kisI eka ko nizcita rUpa se doSI nahIM ThaharA sake haiN| kyoMki ve svayaM samAja bhIru haiM / 'tyAgapatra' kA sArA dvandva ina paMktiyoM meM hai jinameM virakta ema0 dayAla kahate haiM : ' vivAha kI graMthi do ke bIca kI graMthi nahIM hai, vaha samAja ke bIca kI bhI hai / cAhane se hI vaha kyA TUTatI hai ? vivAha bhAvukatA kA prazna nahIM, vyavasthA kA prazna hai / vaha prazna kyA yoM TAle Tala sakatA hai ? vaha gAMTha hai jo ba~dhI ki khula nahIM sakatI, TUTe to TUTa bhale hI jAye, parantu TUTanA kaba kisakA zreyaskara hai ?" ( tyAgapatra, pRSTha 30 ) parantu prazna yaha hai ki vyakti kyoM TUTe aura samAja kyoM banA rahe / isa prazna kA koI samAdhAna jainendra nahIM dete, kyoMki koI samAdhAna usa samaya taka sambhava nahIM

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v v v .. .. . . .. . . .. . jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva hai, jaba taka hama arAjakatAvAdI na bana jAeM aura samAja kI anivAryatA ko asvIkAra hI na kara deN| nArI ke vidroha ko samAja para kharca na kara janendra use galane dete haiM aura isa prakAra samAja ko TUTane se bacA jAte haiM, parantu yahA~ lekhaka kI dArzanikatA aura vastusthiti kA use sahArA hai / niyativAda aura samAja kA prastuta DhAMcA jo hone detA hai, vahI to hotA hai / lekhaka aneka sambhAvanAoM meM se vahI legA jo zAzvata jIvana-bodha aura sAmayika sthiti para lAgU ho skegii| isake lie hama use kyoM doSa deM ? ise hama lekhaka kA AdarzavAda kaha kara bhI chuTTI pA sakate haiM, parantu yaha mAnanA hogA ki jainendra ne phira bhI samAja ko bacAyA nahIM hai, use khapAyA hI hai| sara ema0 dayAla ke tyAgapatra meM AlocakoM ke prati usakA uttara antanihita hai| tAtkAlika prazna samAja kI sImAoM ko lekara hai aura usa para samAja kI kahAnI asaMbhava nahIM utaratI aura zAzvata prazna niyativAda yA Izvara ko lekara hai aura usa para lekhaka kA dRSTikoNa bhAratIya-saMskRti se puSTa hai / ina donoM sImAnoM ke bhItara hI 'tyAgapatra' Alocya bana sakegA aura inheM dhyAna meM rakhakara hI hama usake prati nyAya kara skeNge| jainendra kI dRSTi mAnava-jIvana kI abUjhatA aura agAghatA para aTakI hai aura unhoMne upanyAsa ke aMtima adhyAya meM pratIkavAdI DhaMga se mRNAla ke manastatva kA bar3A kAvyAtmaka vivecana prastuta kara diyA hai / "vaha samaMdara hai| apanI nanhIM kAg2aja kI DoMgI liye hama bhI usake kinAre khene ke liye prA utare haiM / para kinAre para hI kuzala hai, Age thAha nahIM hai / himmata vAle Age bhI bar3hate haiN| bahuta DUbate haiM, kucha tairate bhI dIkhate haiM / para adhikatara to kinAre para sA~sa lene bhara jagaha ke lie chIna-jhapaTa aura hAya-hAya macAne meM lage haiM / nahIM to ve aura kareM bhI to kyA ? lar3ate-lar3ate apane choTe se vRtta kI paridhi meM ghUma lete haiM / sAgara tInoM ora kaise ullAsa se laharA rahA hai / para vaha laharAtA rahe, hameM aneka dhaMdhe haiM, udhara karane ko AMkha khAlI nahIM hai|" Adi, aadi| (tyAgapatra, pR0 86-60) isa avataraNa se sara ema0 dayAla kI manovRtti para prakAza par3atA hai aura cUki ve madhyavartI saphala manuSya ke pratinidhi pAtra haiM, ataH hama ise lekhaka kI mAnyatA ke rUpa meM nahIM, madhyavargIya durbala cetanA ke prati lekhaka ke vyaMga ke rUpa meM hI le sakate haiM / isa avataraNa ke Age ke aMza meM lekhaka ne agama jala meM Age bar3hatI, DUbatI-utarAtI mRNAla aura samAja kI mAnamaryAdA para khar3e pratiSThita usake bhatIje sara ema0 dayAla ke bIca meM jo saMvAda calAyA hai, usase mRNAla hI nahIM, lekhaka ke bhI dRSTikoNa para prakAza par3atA hai| lekhaka ko 'jo-hai-so' vAdI athavA yathAsthitivAdI mAnA gayA hai / parantu yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha dRSTikoNa bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki yaha lekhaka kI dRSTi nahIM, madhyavargIya manazcetanA ke pratIka

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upanyAsakAra janendra : pulalyAMkana 161 AAAAANAAAAAN sara.ema0 dayAla kI daSTi hai / kama-se-kama sAmAjika cintana ke kSetra meM jainendra agragAmI hI haiM, ve cAhe samAna tor3aka nahIM hoN| parantu apane samAjadarzana ko lekhaka ne zAzvata jIvana-darzana meM pacA DAlA hai| usako lekara hama kyA kareM ? kyA usameM jainendra kahIM bhI pragatizIla haiM ? yaha nimasimAda ? pIr3AvAda ? balidAnavAda ? parantu ye .mUla prazna haiM aura pratyeka yuga meM uThAye gaye haiN| inakA uttara hameM kabhI bhI milA hai jo hama jainendra se prAzA kareM ki vaha hameM uttara-deMge ? 'tyAgapatra' ke cauthe adhyAya meM jainendra ne. samAja ko doSI na ThaharA kara darda ko apane Upara pror3ha lene kI bAta kahI hai aura usI meM satya, Izvara kA nivAsa mAtA hai| yaha adhyAtmavAdI yA gAMdhIvAdI bhUmikA para unake cintana kA prasAra hai / mAnA, yaha dRSTi sabakI dRSTi nahIM ho sakatI yA adhUrI dRSTi hI ho sakatI hai, paraMtu isameM saMdeha nahIM ki yaha bhI eka dRSTi hogI / dekhiye, pRSTha :45-48 / isa vyApaka aura mUlagata jIvana-dRSTi ne tyAgapatra' kI kathA ko sAmAjika bhUmikA se Upara uThA kara Atmika (yA dUsare dhra va se. zAzkata) banA diyA hai / eka ora maNAla kA vyaktitva balidAnI-bana kara praNamya bana jAtA hai aura dUsarI ora usakI jIvana-gAthA manuSya evaM niyati ke saMgharSa kI kahAnI banakara trAsakIya U~cAI prApta kara letI hai| prazna yaha hotA hai ki jainendra koI eka dRSTikoNa kyoM nahIM apanAte aura hamArI pakar3a meM kyoM nahIM pA jAte, parantu yadi vaha jIvana kI anekAMtatA (yA abUjhatA) hI hameM denA cAheM to doSI kyoM mAne jAyeM ? lekhaka kyoM sarvadRSTA bane, kyoM Izvaratva proTo. kyoM pApa-puNya para qatavA de ? vaha jIvana detA hai, Apa pAThaka) saMbhAvanAoM para soceM-vicAra / kalAkAra kI mahatA prazna ubhArane meM hai, samAdhAna meM nahIM hai ? eka hI racanA yadi aneka praznoM kA uttara ho, yA unheM sparza kare to burAI hI kyA hai ? vyakti, samAja, IzvarIyattA uttarottara adhika vyApaka bhUmikAe haiM, parantu jo vyakti ko chUtA hai vaha anivAryataH samAja ko chatA hai aura samAja ko chUkara Izvara, niyati tathA pApa-puNya ke mUlabhUta praznoM se ulabhatA hai / jainendra kI yaha kRti eka sAtha tInoM dharAtaloM para calatI hai| vyakti kI bhUmikA para mRNAla kuThita prema se lekara pAtipratya aura aMta meM saMtatva kI sImA taka jAtI hai aura usakI balidAnI svarUpa praNamya hokara bhI abUjha vana jAlA hai / samAja kI bhUmikA para vaha vyaktitva ke durbala, parantu prANamaya vidroha kI sUcanA detI hai aura usakI pIr3A sAmAjika saMsthAnoM kI duhatA aura kaThoratA ko vyaMga ke ' kAza meM lA khar3A karatI hai / IzvarIyatA kI bhUmikA para, mRNAla kI jIvana-lIlA niyati kA khilaunA bana jAtI hai aura usakI trAsakIya garimA hamArI AstikatA ko ubhAratI hai (bhakabhora bhI sakatI hai ! ) / isa prakAra tIna bhUmikAoM para samAdhAna kI tIna dizAyeM haiM / tyAgapata samAja ko aparAdhanIya

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva www N wwww " ThaharAtA hai aura mRNAla ko balidAnI saMta bhI banA detA hai, parantu niyativAda kA koI bhI samAdhAna usake pAsa nahIM hai / yaha gaharI gAMTha hai aura usakA saMbaMdha manuSya ke karmasvAtaMtrya se hai / jainendra ne isa prazna ko samAdhRta na kara apanI dArzanikatA kI rakSA hI nahIM kI hai, usakI cetanatA ko puSTa bhI kiyA hai| 162 st yaha spaSTa hai ki 'tyAgapatra' ko lekara samIkSakoM ko kaThinAI huI hai, kyoMki unhoMne mRNAla kI kathA ko liyA hai, usakI vyathA ko nahIM liyA / jainendra ke vyApaka sAmAjika aura dArzanika sUtroM ko ve anadekhA kara gaye athavA unheM aprAsaMgika mAna baiThe, parantu jainendra pahale vicAraka haiM, phira kathAkAra / kathA unake vicAra ko kholatI hai / vaha udAharaNa hai, mAtra udAharaNa nahIM hai aura bhI kucha hai, kyoMki usakI pIr3A kucha durvaha bhI de jAtI hai / 'sunItA' ke dAmpatyaniSThaM pAtivratya kI tejomayatA ke bAda jainendra ekadama virodhI dhruva para cale jAte haiM, jahA~ prathita DhaMga ke pAtivratya kA koI artha nahIM hai / yadi 'sunItA' kI nagnatA kSamya hai aura usase usakA satItva yA pAtivratya dhuMdhalA nahIM hotA, nikharatA hI hai to bhRNAla ke jar3a zarIra (yA zarIra ko zarIra mAna kara ) vecane meM vaha kyoM lAMchita hogI / deha aura AtmA kA naisargika dvandva jainendra apanI kathAnoM meM lekara cale haiM aura unhoMne deha ko harA kara barAbara AtmA ko jitAyA hai / yaha unhIM kI cetanA nahIM, pAraMparika trAsakIya yojanA bhI hai / mRNAla ke pAsa usakI deha ke sivA aura kyA hai ? yadi vaha use astra kI taraha - yoga meM lAtI hai yA use r3hAla banAkara apanI AtmA ko bacA jAtI hai to samAdhAna cAhe ativAdI ho, usakI saMbhAvanA to banI hI rahegI / mRNAla ne sAmAnya nArI kI bhauti preyasItva (cArutva) meM apanI caritArthatA pAnI cAhI, parantu nahIM pA sakI / samAja aura pati bIca meM A gaye aura aMta meM tiraskRta hokara usane nArItva (mamatA, karuNA ) meM apanI sArthakatA nibAhI / jo khoyA, usase adhika pA liyA / isase samAja aura pati kA doSa kama nahIM ho jAtA, parantu hama kyoM yaha cAheM ki lekhaka mRNAla kI upalabdhiyoM ko mahattvapUrNa nahIM mAne aura samAja se hI TakarAtA rahe / prAge bar3ha kara vaha yaha bhI mAna letA hai ki isameM niyati kA hAtha thA yA ise hama Izvara kI lIlA mAna leM, parantu isase samAja doSa se mukta nahIM hotA, kyoMki vyakti ke balidAna kI mahArghatA kama nahIM hotI / sthUla kathA se zrAge bar3ha kara jainendra yAda sUkSma cintana aura gaMbhIra vyathA kI bhUmikA para upanyAsa kA nirmANa karate haiM aura apanI bhASA-zailI kI sArI kSamatA se use praznacihna kI taraha 'tattA' banA dete haiM to isake liye kyA ve hamAre dhanyavAda ke pAtra nahIM haiM ? ' 'kalyANI' (1936) jainendra ke upanyAsa lekhana kI eka mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai aura isakI racanA kA mahattva isalie aura bhI adhika hai ki isake bAda jainendra mauna

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164 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva calI jAtI hai ( yA bheja dI jAtI hai ) / DAkTara asarAnI ke rUpa meM lekhaka ne mahAjanI samAja meM ucca zikSitA nArI ke sAmagrika zoSaNa kA jo citra prastuta kiyA hai, vaha patita hone ke sAtha bhayAvaha bhI hai / jahA~ mUla meM hI kutsA hai, vahA~ dAmpatya kaba hai ? kyA 'kalyANI' pati kI saMsthA para bhI tIvra vyaMga nahIM hai ? parivAra hI nahIM TUTA hai, dampati bhI TUTe haiM, kyoMki bAhara se prema na Akara vichoha kI prAMca bIca meM DAla dI hai, parantu jahA~ dAmpatya patnI ke zoSaNa para khar3A hai, vahA~ bAhara se usake tor3ane kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM, parantu kalyANI yaha saba kaise sahatI ? kadAcit isaliye jainendra ne upanyAsa ke aMta meM 'prImiyara' ke prema kA nayA sUtra calAkara isa upanyAsa ko pUrvarAgI bhUmikA de DAlI hai| pati use jAnakara "prImiyarapremI" se Arthika lAbha uThAnA cAhatA hai aura yaha avasaravAditA nArI se tana bikavAne se bhI bar3I vibhISikA hai, parantu isa mor3a ke binA bhI kahAnI kama mArmika nahIM thii| kahAnI meM misTara devalAlIkara aura kalyANI kA unake saMbandha meM svapnAbhAsa kalyANI kI manosthiti kA sUcaka bhale ho, isase kathA kI zAstrIyatA hI bar3hI hai, vedanA nahIM / isI prakAra paoNla meM hariprasanna aura sukhadA tathA 'vivarta' ke krAMtikAriyoM kI punarAvRtti hai / aisA lagatA hai ki kRti meM mArga khojane kA prayatna karate hae jainendra pUrvakRti ke samAdhAna para pahu~ce haiM aura aMta meM 'prImiyara' unheM hAtha laga gaye haiN| isase devalAlIkara aura paoNla kathA tathA caritra ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se vyartha mA ho gaye haiM / isase racanA kA kalA-sauSThava avazya saMkaTa meM par3A hai aura vaha ulajha gaI hai / jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki 'kalyANI' meM jainendra ghara ke bhItara kI tor3aphor3a ko pati aura premI ke do kendroM meM bAMTakara utpIr3ana kI vibhISikA aura sahana kI parAkASThA ke do aMtima choroM para jA Tike haiM / eka taraha se yaha unakI sabase adhika prativAdI racanA kahI jA sakatI hai| 'tyAgapatra' kI taraha 'kalyANI' bhI samUcA vyaMga hai / yaha vyaMga mRNAla aura kalyANI ke hAra kara gala jAne meM hai / bhItara ke mahAn prAdarza bhI unheM bacA nahIM sake, parantu ve una para TikI rhiiN| yaha AdarzoM ke prati jainendra kA pakSapAta kahA gayA hai aura unheM ativAdI AdarzavAdoM kA naka mAnA gayA hai, parantu yaha manuSya kI lAcArI hai ki vaha gala kara hI Adarza ko sArthaka banA sakatA hai| usakI apanI sArthakatA galane meM hai, parantu yaha galanA auroM kI A~kheM khola detA hai / vyakti ke lie jo Adarza bane, vaha samAja ke lie abhizApa bhI ho sakatA hai, cunautI bhI bana sakatA hai / gA~dhI aura nirAlA kA jIvana pramANa hai| upanyAsakAra donoM pakSoM ko sAmane rakha kara alaga ho jAtA hai, kyoMki usakA kAma vyakti aura samAja ke bIca kI khAI ko dikhAnA bhara hai, use

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upanyAsakAra jainendra : punarmUlyAMkana 165 , pATanA usakA kAma nahIM hai / kalyANI ke pakSa ko lekhaka ne upanyAsa ke bArahaveM adhyAya ( pRSTha 65-67 ) meM mukharita kiyA hai / kalyANI ke ina lekhabaddha vicAroM meM unake jIvana kA satya ubharA hai parantu kyA unakA jIvana AtmapravaMcanA kI bhUmikA para bhI nahIM jiyA gayA hai / zrAtmatuSTi aura AtmapravaMcanA meM kitanA thor3A aMtara hai ? jahA~ ye donoM hI kalyANI ko lekara satya haiM, vahA~ unakI grAtmapravaMcanA se pati khaNDita hotA hai / vyakti pati to cAritrika dRSTi se hI khaNDita hai, yahA~ hamAsa tAtparya pati nAma kI saMsthA se hai / jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM taTastha kalAkAra vibhinna pahaluoM ko ubhArakara alaga ho jAtA hai / premacaMda kI taraha unakA sAhitya karma kA sAhitya ( liTarecara enagejI) nahIM hai, vaha bhAva kA sAhitya hai aura unhoMne bhAva ko jJAna kI tarAjU para tolakara jJAna kI anekAMtatA dikhalAI hai ( sArthakatA bhI ) / jInA hI hamArI sArthakatA hai, parantu vaha kisI yA kinhIM ke lie cunautI sakatA hai / 'kalyANI' upanyAsa meM jInA kalyANI kA hai aura isa jIne kI do naitika vyAkhyAeM haiM, - eka vakIla sAhaba kI dUsarI unake mitra pro0 zrIdhara kI / caudahaveM aura solahaveM adhyAya meM lekhaka ne kalyANI ko vakIla sAhaba ke dRSTikoNa se dekhA hai : " soca hotA thA ki agara usa nArI ko niyati ne kucha sarala aura samatala paristhiti jIvana kI dI hotI to kyA burAI hai / " ityAdi / ( pRSTha 81-85 ) jJAna kI U~cAI se yaha tarka-vitarka yahA~ prastuta haiM, parantu jJAna se jIne kA kAma nahIM calatA / jInA eka bhI ho sakatA hai aura do bhI / taba prazna yaha hotA hai ki kalyANI kA bhItara-bAhara eka hai / kyA ve jAnatI haiM ki ve zrAtmapravaMcitA haiM ? lekhaka kA uttara hai, -- nahIM, ve nahIM jAnatIM, parantu bhItara-bAhara to do zabda haiM, ve do nahIM haiM / manovizleSaka jahA~ jIne ko bhItara-bAhara ke virodhoM meM bAMdha kara calatA hai aura apane tarka se aMtarAla ko bharatA hai, vahA~ jainendra darzana kI bhUmikA se virodha ko dvanda ke rUpa meM hI grahaNa karate haiM / isa saMbaMdha meM jainendra ke apane zabda mahatvapUrNa haiM ( pRSTha 65-67 ) 'tyAgapatra' meM lekhaka ne mRNAla ke jIvana ko bhatIje sara ema0 dayAla kI A~khoM se dekhA haiM, parantu 'kalyANI' meM vakIla sAhaba aura zrIdhara ke rUpa meM do draSTA haiM aura donoM ke dRSTikoNa bhinna haiM, vakIla sAhaba kA dRSTikoNa hI upanyAsa meM prasArita hai aura usake pradarzavAda ko zrIdhara yathArthavAdI dRSTikoNa se saMtulita banAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kalyANI ke jIne ko hama yathArtha aura Adarza tathA saMvedanA aura pravAda donoM dharAtaloM para dekha sakate haiM / yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isase hama kalyANI ke marma taka pahu~ce haiM yA usase dUra par3a gaye haiM / "parakha" se "kalyANI" taka jainendra ke upanyAsa lekhana kA eka cakra pUrA ho

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva jAtA hai aura vaha dasa varSoM ke lie cupa ho jAte haiM, parantu vaha ekadama cupa bhI nahIM rahate; kyoki apanI prema aura dAmpatya kI kahAniyoM ke dvArA vaha samAdhAnoM kI khoja meM lage rahate haiM / AtmA ke lie deha kI Asakti kA tyAga saMta-sAdhanA hai, parantu jainendra use usI prakAra sAmAjika bhUmikA para nara-nArI ke aneka saMbandhoM meM utAranA cAhate haiM, jisa prakAra mahAtmA gA~dhI ne use rAjanIti ke kSetra meM lAgU kiyA hai / ise hama bhAva kI sAdhanA mAna sakate haiM, parantu isase yadi jIvana (yA jIne) kI naI sambhAvanAeM khalatI haiM to hamArA harja hI kyA hai ? yadi eka bhI manuSya isa prakAra kA jIvana jItA hai to zeSa manuSyoM ke liye cunautI kyoM nahIM bana sakatA? jainendra ke isa kathA-sAhitya kI bhUmikA yathArthavAdI aura manovaijJAnika nahIM haiM, yadyapi usameM donoM kA AbhAsa aura sahArA hai / vaha Adarza ko AkAMkSA ke kSitija taka le jAtI hai aura mAnava-sambaMdhI (vizeSataH nara-nArI ke sambaMdhoM ko) bhItara se mUlata: badala denA cAhatI hai / prema ke liye dAMpatya kI yathArthatA ('parakha') dAmpatya kI aparisIma niSThA ('sunItA'), usake TUTane kI pIr3A ('tyAgapatra') aura usake chale jAne kI marmAntaka vedanA ('kalyANI') aura dAmpatya ke TUTane para nArItva aura pAtmika prema para Tika kara apane ko bacA jAne aura bhItara kI sArthakatA pAne kI kahAniyAM hI ina upanyAsoM meM kalpita haiM; nahIM, ve pAtroM ke sAtha jI bhI gaI haiN| unakI kathA camakAraka hai, parantu vyathA kathA se bhI adhika adbhata hai aura vaha hameM bhItara taka bha.kajhora detI hai / yathArtha aura manovijJAna ke bhrama meM hameM ulajhA kara jainendra kA dArzanika hama para ha~satA nahIM, to hamArI buddhi kI hArI haur3a para muskarAtA to avazya hai| Alocaka jarA sAvadhAna rheN| dasa varSoM ke bAda jaba janendra "sukhadA", "vivarta" aura "vyatIta" ke sAtha phira eka bAra upanyAsa kI ora mur3e to ghara kI sudRr3hatA ke prati unakI AsthA calAyamAna ho uThI hai / ravIndra ke 'ghare-bAhare' aura 'cAra adhyAya' kI bhUmikAoM ne unheM jo sUtra diye the unakI sArI sambhAvanAe~ abhI taka samApta nahIM huI thiiN| 'kalyANI' meM vaha mi0 pAla ke rUpa meM eka krAMtikArI ko lAye hI the, paraMtu usase kalyANI kA vivAhapUrva kA prema-saMbaMdha nahIM thaa| patnI ke pUrva premI ko dAmpatya ke bIca meM lAkara patipatnI kI manaHsthitiyoM kA adhyayana kathA aura vicAra kI naI-naI sambhAvanAe~ vikasita kara sakatA thA / patnI ko tor3a kara ('sukhadA') yA udAramanA pati ko pIche haTA kara ('vivattaM') lekhaka dAmpatya ko udAra banAne kA saMdeza de sakatA hai, jisase ghara bhItara se bar3A bana kara sAre bAhara ko simeTa sake, parantu yaha udAratA cetana mana kI sAdhanA ho sakatI thI, avacetana mana ko usase sahArA nahIM mila sakatA thaa| isIliye pati yA patnI meM se kisI eka ko TUTane kI vedanA sahanI prAvazyaka bAta thI,

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upanyAsakAra janendra : punarmUlyAMkana paraMtu isa prakAra pAtroM ko saMkaTa meM DAla kara vivAha para prema ke dabAva kA gambhIra adhyayana sambhava thA / jainendra ke ye do nae upanyAsa 'sunItA' kI punarAvRtti mAtra nahIM haiM, paraMtu DhA~cA bahuta kucha usa jaisA hai| yahA~.pati ke mitra kA sthAna patnI ke mitra aura premI ne le liyA hai aura viphala prema kI pIr3A saha kara krAMti kI ora bar3hatA huA jaba thakA-hArA vaha pUrva premikA ke yahAM saMvedanA ke liye pAne kA sAhasa karatA hai to nArI kA mAtRtva usake liye sajaga ho uThatA hai / mAtRtva yAnI nArItva / vaha use saMrakSaNa detI hai, parantu jAnatI hai ki usase pUrva premI kI tRpti sambhava nahIM hai / vaha na vivAha ko tor3a sakatI hai, na prema ko| yA to vaha svayaM TUTa jAtI hai yA udAramanA pati kartavyAkarttavya ke ghAta-pratighAta meM cakanAcUra ho jAtA hai / ina upanyAsoM meM kathAnaka kI jaTilatA bar3hI hai aura 'sukhadA' meM patnI ke muMha para kathA kahalAI jA kara adhika prAmANika bhI bana gaI hai| inheM hama AtmakathAtmaka upanyAsa kaha sakate haiM / phalataH inameM vizvasanIyatA adhika hai aura pATaka kama ulajhatA hai / vaktA pAtra ke manaH saMgharSa atyanta saphAI se upanyAsa meM ubharate hai aura anya do pAtroM ke mana kI pIr3A hama kalpita hI kara sakate haiM / isa prakAra kathA meM anekAMtI dRSTi nahIM raha jAtI aura abajha kI rahasyamayatA se haTa kara hama spaSTa vedanA ke deza meM A jAte haiM / sambhavataH isIliye ye upanyAsa adhika mAMsala aura prabhAvotpAdaka bana sake haiN| "sukhadA' kI kathA nArI kI nArItva-sAdhanA kI kathA hai / pati se svataMtra bana kara patnI (vivAhitA nArI) apanA jIvana apane hAtha meM lenA cAhatI hai, paraMtu isa svAtaMtrya ke pIche vidroha kA Akroza aura saMskArabaddha kuThA bhI kAfI mAtrA meM hai jo kathA ko manovaijJAnika dIpti to detI hai, . paraMtu usase nArI kA vivAha sAmAjika na hokara vyaktigata. bhI bana jAtA hai / jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki pati kI udAratA ko aparisIma vistAra dekara bhI jainendra isa samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM kara pAye haiM, kyoMki ghara to TUTatA hI hai, paraMtu isake sAtha hiMsAtmaka krAMtikAriyoM kI kathA bhI hai jo pati ke bAlamitra haridA (harIza) ke AtmasamarpaNa para samApta hotI hai| yaha samarpaNa sukhadA ke pati (kAnta) ke hAtha se hI huA hai aura isane usake vidroha ko viccheda taka pahu~cA diyA hai / sukhadA ko kSaya taka pahu~cA kara lekhaka madhyavittI nArI ke svAtaMtrya ko bhrama hI siddha karatA hai, paraMtu yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha upanyAsa lekhaka kI gharabAhara kI samasyA ko eka nayA mor3a detA hai / premacanda kI bho eka sukhadA hai| ('karmabhUmi' meM) aura unake sAhitya meM sumana ('sevAsadana' meM) meM bhI nArI ke vidroha aura svAtaMtrya ke citra hameM milate haiM, paraMtu vahA~ yaha vidroha jIvanadarzana nahIM banA hai. na use manovaijJAnika graMthi hI banAyA gayA hai / sumana eka jhaTake meM ghara ke bAhara prA jAtI hai aura anta meM hAra kara saMnyAsI pati dvArA sthApita sevAsadana (prAzrama) meM

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jandra : vyaktitva ra kRtitva grahaNa karatI hai| sukhadA ko pati kA sAtha dene ke lie ghara kI cahAradIvArI se nikala kara naitrI bananA par3atA haiM, paraMtu jainendra kI sukhadA ko pati ke bandhana se mukta hone ke lie apane se hI bhagar3anA par3atA hai, kyoMki jahA~ bandhana nahIM haiM, vahA~ bhI usake saMskAra vidroha kI kalpanA kara lete haiM / yaha spaSTa hai ki baMdhana bAhara ke nahIM haiM, bhItara ke haiM aura eka bAra tor3a kara unheM jor3A nahIM jA sakatA / ravIndra ke 'cAra adhyAya' aura zaraccanda ke 'pathera dAvI' se prabhAvita hone para bhI jenendra nArI vidroha kI isa kahAnI ko mArmikatA de sake haiN| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki unako sukhadA kI tejasvitA sumana yA 'karmabhUmi' kI sukhadA se kama nahIM hai / yadyapi vaha zrIpanyAsika ( karmamayI) kama hai, mAnasIM adhika haiN| eka kAraNa yaha bhI haiM ki vaha vyatIta hai, bIta gaI hai aura bIte kI smRti meM daMza to hai, paraMtu jIvana nahIM hai / phira bhI yaha saca hai ki vaha vicAraka upanyAsakAra kA nayA prayoga hai / 'sukhadA' aura 'vivartta' meM aMtara yaha hai ki 'sukhadA' meM saMkaTa kI zrora sAhasa se bar3hane vAlI nArI kA citraNa hai| jo kahIM bhI AtmarakSaka nahIM hai, paraMtu 'vivartta' meM vipatti anAhUta prAI hai aura eka hI samasyA ke do vibhinna samAdhAna yA citraraNa hameM ina upanyAsoM ke dvArA mila jAte haiM / bhuvanamohinI ko jo anAyAsa hI prApta ho gayA hai, use hama kaise asvIkAra kara deM ? 'sukhadA' meM nArI jIvana kI mukti kI prAkAMkSA pallavita hai / vaivAhika jIvana meM bhI patnI patnItva ke bojha se mukta hokara svAtaMtryA kAM zranubhava kara sakatI hai yA nahIM, vaha zrAtmopalabdhi ke kSetra meM kahA~ taka apane pairoM para bar3ha sakatI haiM, yaha sukhadA kI samasyA hai, parantu 'vivarta' meM prema ke bIca meM varga AyA hai aura karma mukti kA prayAsa puruSa ko krAMtikAritA kI ora bar3hA detA hai| rela girA kara jitena vargakAda (amIrI ) ke prati hI apane Akroza ko pragaTa nahIM karatA, apane prati apanI khIja ko bhI karma kI vANI banA detA hai / yaha karma kI vAraNI prema kI asaphalatA kA visphoTa mAtra haiN| isa prakAra upanyAsa meM do jIvanamUlyoM ko tarka kI Dora meM nahIM, bhAva kI Dora meM bA~dha diyA gayA hai| prema aura amIrI (varga) ke prati vidroha hiMsAtmaka krAMti (yA zrAkrAmaka rASTrIyatA) se jor3a diye gaye haiN| aMta meM jitena pArTI ko bhaMga karane kA Adeza dekara zrAtmasamarpaNa kara detA hai, parantu yaha samarpaNa haridA ke zrAtmavizvAsa aura hRdayaparivartana ke bhItara se nahIM AtA / vaha premajanya kuThA para zrAtmabalidAnI prema kI vijaya hai / aMta meM vijaya bhuvanamohinI kI hotI hai / vaha jitema ke bhItara se jIvana kI viphalatA ko naSTa kara detI hai, kyoMki vaha jitena ke avacetana ko viphala kara detI haiM - vaha apane jIvana kI zrAtmapravaMcanA se paricita ho jAtA hai| isase usakA graMthimocana hotA hai / vaha nAva lekara nikala par3atA hai aura rAta bhara reta para loTapoTa kara dvandoM se mukti pAne meM saphala hotA hai| mohinI kI praDiMgatA ne usake bhItara kI gA~Tha 168

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upanyAsakAra jaineMdra : punarmUlyAMkana 166 nikAla dI hai| aba vaha AtmapravaMcaka nahIM, AtmaniSTha hai / isIlie vaha aMkuThita aura sahaja bhAva se apanI deha ko caDDA ke hAtha meM sauMpa detA hai / jitena jAna letA hai ki usakA prema asvIkRta nahIM hai, parantu vaha pati aura patnI donoM meM se kisI ko nahIM tor3a sakatA / vaha donoM ko adhika nikaTa hI lA sakatA hai, kyoMki donoM kA uddezya yahI hai ki vaha apane prati ahiMsaka bane / nareza ke ghara meM pahuMcate hI pahale dina jitena ne jAna liyA hai ki vaha vivAha ko tor3a nahIM skegaa| mohinI jaba usake pUchane para kahatI hai ki vaha khuza hai to anAyAsa hI jitena (sahAya) ke muMha se nikala jAtA hai : "khuza hone kI bAta hI hai / dekhatA hU~, yahA~ saba haiM aura Adhipatya para itanA vizvAsa ki zaMkA kI chAyA ko jagaha nahIM / to isako vivAha kahate haiM ?" (pa0 26) "vivAha kyA baMdhana hai ? nahIM, pyAra ko lekara vaha baMdhana nahIM hai, kyoMki pati nareza ne samajha kara hI kahA hai- "mohinI, muha chipAne kI tumhAre liye koI bAta nahIM / pyAra kA haka sabako hai| tumhArA, merA, usakA, sabakA |"aur mohinI stabdha raha gaI hai, kyoMki isa taraha samajhI jAyegI, aisA use gumAna na thaa|" (pRSTha 33) prazna ghara ke bane rahane yA miTane kA hai| mohinI jaba sthira dRSTi se jitena ko dekha kara pUchatI hai-"kyA maiM samajhU ki Apa ghara miTAnA cAhate haiM ? to vaha sthiti ko spaSTa kara detA hai,- mohinI, tuma jAnatI nahIM, yaha cAhane kI bAta nahIM hai / hamAre-tumhAre cAhane se kyA hotA hai ? na cAhane se bhI kyA hotA hai ? na cAhane se bhI kucha nahIM hotA / maiMne kahA na thA tuma se ki jAo, mujhe pakar3A do| Aja tuma yaha kara sakatI ho| tumase kahatA hU~ ki lo, lAo, mujhe miTA do| tuma meM himmata nahIM hai to maiM kyA karU~ ? lekina mohinI, eka ko miTanA hogaa| isameM maiM yA tuma kacha nahIM kara sakate / mujhako na miTAyogI to aba phira kahatA hU~ ki tumhArA ghara (pR0 58) anta kyA bIca meM nahIM hai ? miTanA mohinI ko kyoM par3e ? jitena miTa kara apane prema ko sArthaka kyoM nahIM kare ? aMta meM yahI hotA hai aura mohinA use nahIM pakaDavAtI, vahI apane ko vyAsa ke hAthoM meM sauMpa detA hai / mohinI kA ghara (dAmpatya) baca gayA hai aura pati-patnI donoM ne premI ke prati udAra ho kara eka-dUsare ko aura bhI nikaTa se jAna liyA hai| dAmpatya ke bhItara se yaha ahiMsA kI sAdhanA nayA sAmAjika (aura mAnavavAdI) jIvana-darzana nahIM to aura kyA hai ? vivAha satya hai, paraMtu prema kyA asatya hai ? satya aura sneha (prema) donoM kI rakSA karane meM hI mAnava-jIvana kI sArthakatA hai / eka sAtha donoM kI rakSA ho jAye yaha to sAdhAraNa sAdhanA nahIM hai| isIliye jainendra ne upanyAsa ke kendra meM apane mittegaa|"

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva jIvana-darzana ko ina zabdoM meM rakha diyA hai : "hAra (vaha) hamArI nahIM hotI, sirpha mithyA kI hotI hai|' lekina satya kyA ? kyA saba sneha-bandhanoM ko asvIkAra karatA jAye, yahI satya hai ? kyA unakI pavitratA aura AMtarikatA ko nirvastra aura nirAvalaMba karatA jAye, yahI satya hai ? nahIM, to phira isa jagata meM kaise calanA hogA? saba kucha to bAhara jAne ke liye hai nahIM / andara hamAre kyA kucha ghRNA, kardama, aparUpa nahIM hai ? vaha bhItara banda hai, isI meM to sAntvanA hai| Upara rUpa hai ki aparUpa bhItara rahe / aisA hai to kyA ? ucita hI nahIM hai ? isameM anyathA kyA hai ? kyA satya hai yaha ki rUpa ko Upara nahIM rahane diyA jAyegA aura aparUpa Upara aura bAhara saba ora phailane denA hogaa| __nahIM, yaha ulajhana yoM nahIM khula sakatI / uge sulajhAnA eka sAdhanA hai, bar3I kaThina sAdhanA hai / sAtha jAtA hai vaha yogI hai / sAdhanA yaha ki sneha ko satya se kaise milAyA jAye / satya eka hai, akhaNDa, niravalaMba hai, niHsaMga aura nibodha hai| sneha nAte khojatA hai / isakA, usakA, sabakA use saMga cAhiye / vaha apane meM nahIM hai, anya meM hokara hai / isase vaha saba aura saMbaMdhoM kI sRSTi karatA hai / saba saMbaMdha anta meM baMdhana hI to haiM / sneha una baMdhanoM ko ravatA aura phailAtA hai| inhIM tAroM se vaha hameM yahA~ bA~dhatA hai ki ekAkI hokara hama sUkha na jAyeM, sapanA hokara hama ur3a na jaayeN| kase yoga hogA ina donoM kA, satya aura sneha kA, bhagavAna jAne / lekina jase bhI ho, AdamI ko yahI karanA hai / sneha usakA jIvana hai, satya usakA jIvya hai / donoM ke binA vaha kahIM nahIM hai| lekina donoM ke mUla meM jo pUrI taraha nahIM baiTha pAtA hai, yahI usakI samasyA hai, isI meM usakA puruSArtha hai|" (pR0 136-13:) jo premI ho, bAda meM bhI premI ho, nirantara premI ho, to pati ko kyA kahanA ? usakA prAzIrvAda usa premI ko kyoM na mile ? patnI ko saba kA prema mile, saba hI kA prema mile / patnI ke pati kI hone kI sArthakatA tabhI hai ki abhinnatA itanI ho ki pati kA Aropa usa para na pAye / isa udAratA aura premaparatA meM hI vivAha kI sArthakatA hai| yoM satya bhI banA rahatA hai aura sneha bhI banA rahatA hai / vivAha kA satya sneha se jahA~ abhinaya hai, vahIM jIvana kI pUrNatA hai / yaha janendra kI vicAra-dhArA kI pariNati hai| kaTTo se (bhuvana) mohanI taka sunItA, kalyANI, mRNAla aura sukhadA ke bIca meM lAkara jainendra isI dAmpatya-darzana ko ujAgara kara rahe haiN| vivAha taba saMsthA na rahakara vyakti kI jIvana-sAdhanA bana jAtA hai aura vaha manuSyatA ko caritArtha karane lagatA hai| jaina-dharma tapa para aDiga khar3A hai, parantu tapa sabake liye nahIM hai / paMcamahAvratoM

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upanyAsakAra jainendra : punarmUlyAMkana 171 ko lekara dAmpatya ke bhItara se hI prema ko caritArtha karanA hogA / prema ko tapa banAkara hI hama vivAha ko saMsthA bana jAne se bacA sakeMge / saMsthA jar3a hai, vaha bandhana hai / prema cetana hai, vaha jIvana hai / deha ko asvIkAra para AtmA kI upalabdhi hotI hai / vivAha ko dampati ke niHzaMka Adhipatya meM badala kara prema ke saMkaTa se bacA jA sakatA hai / geTe ke 'sA~ro grApha varthara' se 'annA karInana' zraura 'ghare - bAhire' meM hotI huI vivAhita jIvana meM prema ke praveza kI samasyA kA eka atyaMta sUkSma aura samartha samAdhAna hameM jainendra ke upanyAsa dete haiM / unakI cetanA sArvabhaumika aura sUkSma hai, kyoMki vaha Atmika hai / premacaMda ne 'kAyAkalpa' meM isa prazna ko uThAyA thA, parantu vaha sAmAjika bodha hI de sake, prema kI svargIyamayatA kA citra bhI unhoMne diyA, parantu vivAha ko tor3a kara prema kI pratiSThA karanA unakA lakSya thA / jainendra vivAha aura prema ko eka sAtha hI svIkAra karate haiM aura isakI anivAryatA lekara sAmane Ate / vaha vyakti ko bacAte nahIM, use dvanda kI pIr3A meM khapA DAlate hai / kahA gayA hai ki yaha jaina-dharma (ahiMsA) hai, yA janendra dharma (avyAvahArikatA ) hai jo zAyada lekhaka ke apane darzana kI upaja hai yA vyaktigata jIvana kI avacetanIya bhUmikA para se prAyA huA AtmapravaMcanA kA satya hai, parantu samIkSaka kadAcit yaha mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM ki uccatara sAMskRtika bodha meM nArI-svAtaMtrya kI samasyA vivAha aura prema ke dvanda para hI grA kara ThaharatI hai aura usake samAdhAna meM hI manuSya kI caritArthatA hai / samasyA kA eka samAdhAna mAksaMvAdiyoM kI bhora se bhI AyA hai jo Adima mAnava kI yauna jIvana kI ucchRMkhalatA aura nibandhatA para lauTanA cAhate haiM / rAjya nahIM rahegA, vaise hI vivAha bhI nahIM rahegA / parantu isameM mAnava ke sAMskRtika vikAsa aura usake uccatara AtmapariSkAra kI asvIkRti bhI rahegI / isI se jainendra vivAha ko pati-patnI kI ekAtma sAdhanA kA abhinna rUpaka mAna kara niraMtara prema kI chUTa dete haiM / prakRti ko khaNDita karake nahIM, use saMskRta banAkara hI hama mAnava baneMge / 'vyatIta' jainendra ke isa samAdhAna ko prayoga kI eka naI bhUmi detA hai / usameM strI ko vyartha nahIM kiyA hai, jo vyartha dhaura vyatIta ho gayA hai, vaha puruSa hai / parantu isa vyarthatA aura vyatItatA meM hI usakI uccatara sAMskArikatA aura sArthakatA bhI nihita hai / jainendra ke anya upanyAsoM meM puruSa AkrAmaka hai aura patnI kA pUrva premI yA nayA premI banakara ghara ko tor3anA cAhatA hai, parantu isa upanyAsa meM amIrI kI bhUmikA lekara strI premI ke jIvana se haTa jAtI hai aura apane ghara ko banAe rakhakara bhI usake prema ko deha ke tApa se khaNDita rakhanA cAhatI hai / ana ke niraMtara prahAra se jayaMta ko bacAkara jainendra prema ke praliMgI rUpa ko caritArthatA

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72 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva te haiM aura apane upanyAsoM kI samasyAmUlakatA kA prAgraha lekara sAmane Ate haiM / bhI jIvana aura dAmpatya kI sArI saMbhAvanAoM ko unhoMne gaNita ke sUtroM kI neka saMbhAvanAoM ke sadRza hala karanA cAhA hai aura isIliye vaha ativAdI mAoM taka gaye haiM aura unake samAdhAna hI vicitra nahIM hai, unakA jIvana-citraNa pI amaryAdika aura asvAbhAvika bana gayA hai| unake pAtra visphoTaka bana gaye haiM aura unakI UrjA hemalaiTI kiMkartavyatA meM ba~dha kara vimUr3hatA kI mudrA bana gaI hai| yaha paSTa hai ki apane upanyAsoM meM jainendra vicAra bhI ubhArate haiM aura vyathA bhI, aura inakI kathA vivAraka upanyAsakAra kI bhAva-sAdhanA bana gaI hai| usakI sAmAjika kAMtadazitA dArzanika UhApoha meM kho gaI hai, parantu eka bAra jainendra kI aupanyAsikatA ke isa svarUpa ko svIkAra karane ke bAda unase kisI prakAra kI zikAyata nahIM raha jaatii| jainendra kA sAhitya saMkrAMtikAlIna sAhitya hai| usameM madhyavarga pahalI bAra apane prati sacetana aura jAgarUka dikhalAI detA hai aura apanI mAnyatAoM ke saMbaMdha meM prazna uThAtA hai| premacaMda kA sAhitya madhyavarga ke rASTrIya, sudhAravAdI aura satyAgrahI karmayoga kA darpaNa hai| 'sevAsadana', 'premAzrama', 'raMgabhUmi' aura 'karmabhUmi' jaise nAma hI unake dRSTikoNa ko prakaTa kara dete haiM / vaha madhyavarga kI AsthA ke kalAkAra haiN| unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke navajAgaraNa se sArA rasa khIMcakara unhoMne apane mAnavavAda ko pallavita kiyA hai, parantu yaha mAnavavAda unakI sImA bhI bana gayA hai / vaha samajhaute meM samApta hotA hai aura mUlagata praznoM ko bacA jAtA hai / apane aMtima upanyAsa 'godAna' aura 'kafana' saMgraha kI kahAniyoM meM vaha prazna para hote dikhAI dete haiM / 'godAna' ke nagara-aMza meM hameM udyogapatiyoM, patrakAroM aura klaboM kA paricaya milatA hai aura ucca madhyavarga ke khokhalepana se hama paricita ho jAte haiN| yaha madhyavarga svarati meM lipta hai aura usakA dAmpatya puruSatva para nahIM, svArtha aura lipsA para khar3A hai / 'kaphana' kI kahAniyoM meM premacaMda jainendra ke sAthI hI nahIM, unake mArga-pradarzaka bhI haiM, paraMtu isa naI dizA ko premacaMda koI nayA mor3a nahIM de sake / vaha bIta cuke the / jainendra ne isa naI dizA ko vizeSa rUpa se pallavita kiyA hai| 'parasa' meM vaha premacaMda ke sAtha haiM, ''samAja ko bacAkara bhI vaha vyakti ko nahIM toDate. use prAtmabalidAnI banAkara, dainika prema kI bhUmikA se Upara uThAkara use Atmika prema ke 'sunna mahala' meM pahu~cA dete haiM, paraMtu 'sunItA' meM jahA~ eka ora vaha ati-AdarzavAdI bana maye haiM, vahA~ praznamUlaka hokara hameM saMkaTa meM bhI DAla gaye haiN| unhoMne madhyavarga ke zikSita samAja ko usakI mAnyatAoM kI kasauTI para

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.wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww upanyAsakAra jainendra : punarmUlyAMkana 173 kasanA cAhA hai aura kasAvaTa meM kAlI rekhA hI adhika ubharI hai| hindU samAja kI mUla bhitti hai parivAra,-jo aba dAmpatya meM simaTa pAyA hai, paraMtu isa dAmpatya meM sacAI kitanI haiM ? kyA vaha patnI kI bali para nahIM khar3A hai ? kyA nArI kA nArItva aura mAtRtva bhI vahA~ khaNDita nahIM hai ? kyA vaha bhI madhyavarga ke puruSa kI adhikAra-lipsA kI lIlAbhUmi nahIM hai ? jaba samAja TUTa kara do (pati-patnI ) meM raha gayA hai to isa ikAI ko bhI gaharA kyoM na dekhA jAye ? yaha jijJAsA hI jainendra se 'sunItA', 'tyAgapatra', 'kalyANI', 'sukhadA' aura 'vivarta' likhavAtI hai / yahI nahIM, bIsiyoM kahAniyoM, nibaMdhoM aura vArtAoM meM samAja kI isI gA~Tha ko kholane meM jainendra lage haiM / dAmpatya kyA deha kA hai ? deha hone para usakI surakSA kahA~ hai ? kyA vaha vyaktigata hai yA sAmAjika ? vaha loma para TikA hai yA tyAga para ? uttara meM 'sunItA' hai, jisameM hama dAmpatya kI niSThA se paricita hote haiM aura zikSita nArI meM sanAtana satItva pA usake prati prAsthAvAna banate haiM / sAtha hI hama usase bacanA bhI cAhate haiM, kyoMki hamArI naitikatA deha ko ughAr3anA nahIM caahtii| parantu prazna yaha hai ki kyA zrIkAMta-sunItA ke dAmpatya meM samAja ke prati asahiSNutA bhI nahIM hai ? hariprasanna ke palAyana se yadi zrIkAMta aura sunItA bace to isase dAmpatya kI mahimA kyA sacamuca bar3hI ? 'sukhadA' aura 'vivarta' meM patnI aura pati TUTa kara bhI udAra banate haiM, sAmAjika hote haiM aura apane ko bacAte nhiiN| samAja ke lie vyakti ke tyAga kA Adarza hI ina upanyAsoM kA prANa hai| sahane meM hI saccA zaurya hai, bhAgane meM nhiiN| vyathA nArI meM hai ki vaha pati se haTatI jA rahI hai aura puruSa meM bhI hai ki vaha apane premAspada ke prati utanA udAra nahIM hai; jitanA honA cAhiye / satItva ko talavAra kI dhAra kI taraha painA banAkara jainendra usase deha ko ekadama kATa denA cAhate haiM, parantu deha ke sAtha AtmA bhI ughar3a hI jAtA hai| nIti-anIti ke prazna para Tika kara jainendra madhyavarga ko samAja ke Age kaTaghare meM prastuta nahIM karate, use naI-saMskRti ke dvArA utpanna sUkSma cetanA ke Age aparAdhI banA kara khar3A karate haiM / 'tyAgapatra' aura kalyANI' meM vaha pati-parityaktA nArI ke satItva ke dAve ko deha para khaNDita karA kara bhI usakI Atmika dIpti ko pracaNDa banAye rakhate haiM aura samAja ko paga-paga para cunautI dete haiM ki vaha apanI pApa-puNya kI mAnyatAoM ko badale / cunautI patitva ko bhI hai ki vaha dharma-patnItva ko nae sire se jAne, paraMtu tyAgapatra' meM pati parade ke pIche hai, abhiyukta ke rUpa meM samAja sAmane hai / pati se TUTa kara nArI sthitihIna ho jAtI hai, yaha satya mRNAla ne bhoga kara jAnA hai / premacaMda sumana se isa satya ko bacA gaye haiM, kyoMki unheM AdarzavAda kA sahArA hai, parantu jainendra deha ko asArthaka

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574 mainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kara mRNAla ko devI banA kara bhI samAja ke marma para coTa karate haiN| unakA pratiAdarzavAda jalatA huA aMgArA hai| 'kalyANI' meM pati kI dhanalipsA patnI ke pUrva-prema kA bhI zoSaNa karanA cAhatI hai aura jahA~ vaha durnIti hai, vahA~ dAmpatya chalanA mAtra hai| isa prakAra ina racanAoM meM prema aura vivAha ke dvanda ke bhItara se dAmpatya ko agni parIkSA meM DAlA gayA hai aura khulate hue samAja ke lie naye naitika mUlyoM ke anveSaNa kA sAhasa kiyA gayA hai / 'vyatIta' meM jainendra eka bAra phira 'sunItA' kI bhUmikA para lauTa gaye haiM aura yahA~ anitA ke dvArA jayanta ke puruSatva ko cunautI milatI hai ('sunItA' meM hariprasanna ne sunItA ke satItva ko cunautI dI thI) aura jayanta Atmika prema para Tika kara anitA kI deha ko bacA jAtA hai| yahI nahIM, vaha caMdrA, zrImatI baghAvara, kapilA sabase apanI deha ko bacA jAtA hai ( aura mana ko bhii)| prema kI sArthakatA prAtmA kI bhUmikA para hI hai / usameM deha kI asvIkRti bhI chipI hai| nIti-anIti kA prazna isI Atmika bhUmikA para cala sakatA hai, vaha vyaktigata hai, sAmAjika nahIM / madhyavargIya manazcetanA ko jar3atA kI bhUmikA se haTAkara prakAza aura caitanya taka pahu~cAne vAle kalAkAra ke rUpa meM hama jainendra ko kyoM nahIM dekheM ? yaha avazya hai ki madhyayugIna saMskRti ke upAdAna usI rUpa meM naI madhyavargIya saMskRti ke upAdAna nahIM bana sakate, parantu vyApaka sAMskRtika saMdarbho meM hameM mAnava kI mUla cetanA ko ubhAranA hogA / gItA-darzana ko vyavahAra meM lAne kI sAhityika ceSTA kA marta svarUpa hI to jainendra kA sAhitya hai / vaha hamAre TUTate hue mUlyoM ko naI zaraNa detA hai / bhaviSyatI saMskRti aura prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke bIca meM vaha saMyojaka cihna banakara raha gayA hai, parantu hama cAheM to use prazna cihna ke rUpa meM bhI dekha sakate haiM / kRti kI parakha abhiruci-mUlaka hI nahIM, sAmarthya-mUlaka bhI hotI hai / pAtroM ke mAnavIya aura vyaktigata sambandhoM ke bhItara se vaha samasta sAMskRtika saMdarbho ko apane bhItara khIMca letI hai| vizeSataH upanyAsa-jo mAnavIya saMbaMdhoM kI upekSA para hI nahIM rukatA / isIlie jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM nara-nArI ke prema aura vivAha ke saMbaMdhoM ke bhItara se naI madhyavargIya saMskRti kA saba kucha praznasAta ho gayA hai / ___ yaha spaSTa hai ki jainendra ke upanyAsa anubhUta nahIM, kalpita aura anumAnita haiM / ve unake vicAroM ke aupanyAsika aura prAyogika saMskaraNa haiM / isI se pAtra hama para utanA hI khulate haiM, jitanA jainendra unheM kholanA cAhate haiM / apane ina kathA-prayogoM meM ve manovijJAna aura manovizleSaNa-zAstra kI (vizeSataH phrAyaDa kI) naI upalabdhiyoM ko bhI lete haiM, parantu yaha jainendra kI aupanyAsika pratibhA kI vizeSatA hai ki unake pAtra hameM saMvedanIya lagate haiM aura abUjhA raha kara bhI hamAre nikaTa ke bana jAte haiM /

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upanyAsakAra jainendra : punarmUlyAMkana 175 vivaraNa aura varNana ko tyAga kara kevala manazcetanA kI bhUmikA para pAtroM ko khar3A kara jainendra unheM gaNita ke pratIka jaisI sArvabhaumikatA de dete haiM / ve becArepana kI mudrA banA kara hamArA hRdaya jIta lete haiM / vicAra ko vyathA banAne meM hI jainendra kI propanyAsika kalA ko mahadAMza kharca huA hai / unake sAhitya ko hama madhyavarga ke zikSita mana kI vaivarttIya bhUmikA de kara hI naI sAMskRtika cetanA kA aMga banA sakate haiM / jainendra ke upanyAsa kevala rUpAtmaka samIkSA meM pakar3a meM nahIM A sakate / vastusaMgaThana, caritra-citraNa, samvAda, bhASA-zailI, uddezya aisA ba~dhA huA DhA~cA unake upanyAsoM ko adhUrA bhI nahIM kholatA / ve mUlyagata haiM aura vyApakatama sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika sandarbha meM hI sArthaka hote haiM / yadyapi unake AtmakathAtmaka, DAyarIgata, gauNapAtragata aura patragata zailiyoM aura saMdarbhoM kA vistRta upayoga milatA hai aura ve pazcimI upanyAsa ke adhunAtana zilpa kA zrAbhAsa dete haiM, saca to yaha hai ki ve bahuta kucha nibandhAtmaka haiM aura vikasita aupanyAsika zilpa tathA manovizleSaNa - zAstra ke nae jIvana mUlyoM ko ubhArane ke liye upakaraNa mAtra haiM / unameM hameM jIvana cintaka kI prAtibha antardRSTi kA varadAna milA hai| eka prakAra se unheM manovizleSaNa - zAstra kI samAnAntara upalabdhi kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki jainendra ke upanyAsa vibhinna saMdarbhoM meM apane mUlyoM kA nirvAha karate haiM / samIkSaka ke lie unakI kRtiyoM aura usa pariveza ke bIca meM saMbaMdha sthApita karanA hotA hai jisakA vaha aMga rahA hai aura pAThakoM ke bhAva jagata se unakA saMbaMdha jor3a kara use unakI lokapriyatA yA virodha para bhI vicAra karanA hotA hai / racanAoM ke srota cAhe samAja meM hoM yA vyakti (lekhaka) meM, kRti kI samasAmayika mahattA para prakAza nahIM DAla sakate / isIliye pratyeka racanA ko hameM mUlyoM para parakhanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / saba lekara vaha kyA hai ? yaha saMbhava hai ki racanA eka sAtha kaI bhUmikAoM para samartha ho / taba dekhanA hogA ki kauna-sI bhUmikA pramukha hai| mudrita racanA meM sUkSma aura adRzya sAMskRtika mudrAoM kA patA lagA kara hama kRti kI vAstavikatA aura usake kalA-sauSThava kA rahasyodghATana kara sakate 1 isa dRSTi se jainendra ke upanyAsa madhyavargIya saMskRti ke anizcaya, palAyanamanovRtti, AdarzavAda ke AvaraNa meM yathArtha jIvana ke vaiSamya ko chipAne kI chalanA, afaar kI vivazatA aura usakI hAra ke sUcaka haiM / yadi unakI racanAe~ vikRta haiM, yA aspaSTa haiM to unake pIche madhyavargIya saMskRti kI saMsthiti hai / usameM mithyA yA vikRti ko jAnabUjha kara nahIM ubhArA gayA hai / ye tattva anivAryataH zrAye haiM / jainendra ne apane upanyAsoM meM bAra-bAra 'piMDa meM brahmANDa' kI bAta kahI hai aura unake upanyAsoM me mAnava-prakRti ke bhItara se saMskRti ke virATa ko pratibimbata kiyA gayA

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva hai / unake pAtroM ko hama apane cAroM ora nahIM dekhate, kyoMki ve asAmAnya haiM, atisaMvedita haiM, ativAdI bhAvasthitiyA~ aura saMvedana-nikAyoM ke pratIka haiN| ve saMpUrNa samAja kI aMtaraMgI cetanA kA pratinidhitva karate haiM aura kartavyAkartavya se jUjhate huye gItAdarzana kI zaraNa lete haiM / unakI sImA hai prema aura dAmpatya, aura isa sUkSma ko unhoMne apanI-saMvedanA ke vistAra se virATa banA diyA hai / unameM dAmpatya cetanA aura sAmAjika bodha dharma-kSetra kI UhApohI cetanA taka pahu~ca gayA hai / pAtra vahAM yuyutsu haiM, jijIveSa nahIM / karmakSetra ko dharmakSetra meM badala kara jainendra hamAre prathita satahI mUlyoM ko saMkaTa meM DAla dete haiM aura unakA sArA sAhitya pracchanna vyaMga bana gayA hai| saMkrAMtikAlIna aura hrAsonmukha saMskRti kA vaha virATa kSaNa jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM saMpuTita hai jo vartamAnakAlika saMsthitiyoM ke bhItara se vyakti aura samAja kI durbalatAnoM kI ora u~galI uThAtA hai / unake upanyAsoM kA adhyayana karate huye hama samasAmayika mAnasa kI Avegajanaka bhUmikAnoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kara sakate haiM aura isake sAtha hI parivezIya saMdarbha kI prakRti kI pUrI-pUrI jAnakArI kA nirvAha kara sakate haiN| bhAratIya madhyavarga ke vikAsa kI aitihAsika aura dhArApravAhika cetanA ke bhItara se samasAmayika nirodhoM ko vANI dene ke liye jaisI satarka, anizcita- vyaMjaka aura samartha bhASA-zailI cAhiye, vaha jainendra ke pAsa paryApta hainahIM, use unhoMne hI gar3hA hai aura isa prakAra khar3I bolI kI sakSamatA ko dUra taka phailAyA hai / parivartanazIla saMskRti ko aupanyAsika svarUpa pAlocaka ke liye atyaMta AkarSaka viSaya bana jAtA hai / zilpagata vailakSaNya aura AviSkAra ke pIche isa sAMskRtika sArthakatA ko pakar3anA hI samIkSaka kA kArya hai / jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM avacetanIya stara para aise saMvedanoM ko buddhi-gamya banAne kA upakrama hai jo zailI yA zilpa kI vyaktigata upalabdhi-mAtra nahIM kahe jA sakate, varan jinameM sAmasAmayika saMskRti kI sthiti kA spaSTa pratibiMba hai / isa sAMskRtika dvaMdva ko jainendra ne anacAhe-anajAne hI ubhAra diyA hai aura vaha bauddhika banate huye bhI Atmacetana nahIM haiN| unakI kalA ke liye yaha kalyANakara hI rahA hai, kyoMki samasyAoM aura pariNAmoM ke sambaMdha meM bauddhika jAgarUkatA racanA kI caturdikI aura cakrAMtI prabhAvamayatA ko khaNDita nahIM karatI / jainendra ke upanyAsa madhyavargIya saMskRti kI prAja kI sthiti ke biba-pratibiMba citra haiM, unameM naI saMskRti kI ora saMkramaNa kA koI pratyakSa prayatna nahIM hai / saMkrAMti ko pAra kara lene ke bAda hI sAhityika punarnirmANa kA prazna uTha sakatA hai / jaimendra yadi saMkrAMti ke bIca meM Dabate-utarAte rahate haiM to khaNDita bauddhikatA ke isa yuga meM hama unheM koI kinArA nahIM dikhA sakate / alakSita rahane meM hI unakI sAmarthya hai| - - -

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zrI mahAvIra adhikArI jainendra kumAra : eka mUlyAMkana jainendra kumAra meM apane cAroM ora kI duniyA ko dekha sakane kI samaveta dRSTi hai aura isa dRSTi ke prakAza meM ise prastuta karane kI kSamatA bhI hai / maiM unheM eka sAhityika prAcArya ke rUpa meM dekhatA hU~ / jaba maiM choTA thA aura unakA sAhitya par3hA karatA thA, to unake svarUpa kI maiMne eka tasvIra banAI thii| usa tasvIra meM eka vizAlakAya, lagabhaga chaH phuTa se Upara aura bar3I-bar3I A~khoM vAlA eka AdamI ubhara AyA thA, jo kama-se-kama sATha ko pAra kara cukA hogA aura usake saba-ke-saba keza paka cuke hoMge; para jaba maiMne unheM dekhA-aAja se bAraha varSa pUrva, yA Aja bhI dekhatA hU~, to mujhe apanI buddhi para tarasa pAtA hai| jainendra jI bilkula hI vaise nahIM nikale / nikale to kaThiyA bAdAma kI taraha, jisake andara paiTha jAnA sahaja nahIM, jaba taka use patthara se TakarA na diyA jaay| __jaba maiMne unheM dekhA to yaha bhI dekhanA zurU kiyA ki unameM 'tyAgapatra' likhane vAlA dezabhakta kidhara hai / 'kalyANI' kA mAnava mana kI asala gaharAiyoM meM DUbane vAlA cintaka aura 'sunItA' kI sarasatA sarasAne vAlA sAhityakAra kidhara hai ? kisa prakAra vaha eka hI kalevara meM svAbhAvika rUpa se raha sakatA hai ? taba yaha prazna mere lie sAhitya se adhika prAkRti-vijJAna kA ho utthaa| Apa unake kucita bhAla ko dekhie, usake nIce Ara-pAra taka phailI gaharI aura ghanI barauniyoM ko dekhie, lambI palakoM ke nIce dabI huI A~khoM ko, halkI aura ThiMganI cibuka ko gaura sarvopari unakI dArzanika nAsikA ko dekhie / unake bhAla para 'tyAgapatra' kA dar3ha prAnmavizvAsa hai; bhauhoM aura hoThoM meM sAdhAraNa sarasatA nahIM hai, varana aisI uddAma vAsanA ke darzana hote haiM, jo kisI ke mAtra adhara-rasapAna se paritRpta nahIM ho jaatii| yaha bhAvanA unheM mAtra sarasa 'seksa' kI tasvIreM khIMcane vAlA kalAkAra banAkara chor3a detI, agara unake muMha para yaha dArzanika nAsikA na hotii| ( 117 )

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva unameM vyAmoha nahIM hai; unakI sAhityika abhivyakti meM 'phaizana' hai, samvedana nahIM hai, jIvana kI mAtra dArzanika mImAMsA jar3atA se kucha bhI alaga nahIM hai / jainendra jI kA sAhitya jar3a ho jAtA, yadi unameM 'phaizana' na hotA / isIlie ina do virodhI tattvoM se milakara unheM eka 'DisapaizaneTa' dRSTi mila gaI / isI kAraNa unakA sAhitya varga aura deza-kAla kI sImA se Upara jAtA hai / 178 vaise jainendra jI ko samajhanA muzkila kAma hai / isakA pahalA kAraNa unakI asAdhAraNa saralatA hai, jo sAmAnyata: bhramakAraka hai; dUsarA kAraNa hai unakI svIkAra bhAvanA | kisI dUsare ke dvArA prAropita yathArtha ko apane sira para dhAraNa karake vaha kabhI calate nahIM / zAyada isIlie apanA jIvana eka kAMgresa vAlaNTiyara ke rUpa meM Arambha karake bhI vaha netA nahIM bne| eka bAra DaoNkTara rAdhAkRSNana ne apane parivartita svarUpoM kI svAbhAvikatA kI carcA karate hue kahA thA ki eka hI vyakti meM rAjanItika, dArzanika aura kalAkAra sabhI samAviSTa hote haiM / para yaha spaSTa hai ki netA banane ke lie jina guraNoM kI AvazyakatA hai, ve jainendra jI meM nahIM haiM / hA~, vaha santa ho sakate haiM aura santoM kI niSkriyatA, dArzanikatA aura zrAtmaniSThA, unameM pracura hai / 1 maiM unheM santa isalie kahatA hU~ ki unhoMne apane ko jIta liyA hai / vaha krodha nahIM karate / vaha mUrkha hotA hai, jise krodha nahIM AtA, para vaha buddhimAna hai jo krodha nahIM karatA -- yaha eka purAnI sUkti hai / ve sacce arthoM meM hiMsaka haiM / ve isIlie gAMdhIvAdI sarvopari haiN| para vaMse gA~dhIvAda ko bhI vaha gradhUrA jIvana-darzana mAnate haiM aura usako sampUrNa karane kI bhI unakI mahatvAkAMkSA rahI hai / mArksavAda ko 'kuNThA kA darzana' mAnate haiM, bAra-bAra yaha kahate-kahate aghAte nahIM haiM / para yaha kyA, dArzanika aura santa hokara bhI jainendra jI ke sAhitya meM koI darzana mukhara nahIM ho sakA / kevala Atmopalabdhi mAtra ho jAne se jIvana-darzana prastuta karane kI kSamatA kisI ke sAhitya meM nahIM zrA jAtI / jIvana kA vyApaka DhA~cA banAne ke lie gA~dhI aura mArksa jaisA vyApaka aura virAT jIvana jInA hotA hai / jIvana kI nIMva vaijJAnikatA ke AdhAra para khar3I karanI hotI hai / isake binA koI bhI jIvana-darzana kI imArata khar3I nahIM kara sakatA / jainendra jI kA 'baz2arvezana' bahumukhI hai aura sAhitya-sRjana meM usase unheM bar3I sahAyatA milI hai / unake pAtra anta meM apanI khoja kara lete haiM / kisI-na-kisI satya se avazya avagata ho jAte haiM / jainendra jI ke sabhI kathA-pAtroM meM yahI eka vizeSatA hai ki ve kisI-na-kisI satya se avagata ho jAte haiM / isI ko sAdhakoM kI bhASA meM Atmopalabdhi honA kahate haiM / para kyA isa sthiti se Age manuSya kI aura

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jainendra kumAra : eka mUlyAMkana 176 koI sthiti nahIM hai ? sAhityakAra ke lie kama-se-kama kevala Atmopalabdhi meM jIvana kA carama vikAsa nahIM hai, kisI santa ke liye bhale hI ho / jainendra jI kI pratibhA vartamAna ko ulaTa-pulaTa kara dekhane meM hI adhika prakhara huI hai / kala kI graha vaha nahIM le sakatI, naI duniyA ke naye kSitija nirmANa nahIM kara sakatI / isIliye unhoMne Aja taka yugAntarakArI kucha nahIM likhA / unakI dRSTi meM paiTha hai aura mopAsA~ kI taraha vaha bhI jIvana ko ulaTa-pulaTa kara usakI hara taha ko sApha khola dete haiM / sarasatA meM vaha zarat candra kI samatA meM baiThate haiM / para mopAsA~ kI svAbhAvikatA aura zarat kI samvedanazIlatA unameM nahIM hai / jainendra jI kA sArA-kA-sArA sAhitya vizleSaNAtmaka hai, kinhIM siddhAntoM yA kinhIM sAmAjika paramparAoM ke vizleSaNa se yukta | isalie unakI kahAniyoM kA kalevara bar3A nahIM hotA / unake upanyAsa bhI bar3e nahIM hote / kahA jAya to unake upanyAsa bar3I kahAniyAM - mAtra hote haiM / zarat candra ne 'tyAga-patra', 'sunItA' aura 'sukhadA' jitanI laMbI kahAniyA~ zAyada bahuta-sI likhI haiM / jahA~ vizleSaNa haiM vahA~ racanAkAra kI AsthA nahIM raha sakatI; jahAM prazna hai, vahA~ sAmaMjasya nahIM raha sakatA / jainendra jI ikAI meM samaSTi kI khoja karate haiM, jaba ki ikAI kA sAmaMjasya hI samaSTi hai| ikAI meM koI zUnya bhale hI khoja le aura use samaSTi samajha kara bhale hI santoSa kara le | idhara jainendra jI kI preraNA buddhi kI ora se zrAne lagI hai| samAja ke zoSitoM aura saMtrastoM ko dekhakara bhI unake hRdaya meM TIsa nahIM uThatI, mAtra bauddhika sahAnubhUti hotI hai / aisA kyoM hotA hai ? zAyada isake mUla meM yahI bAta rahI hogI ki unake jIvana meM kabhI aise kSaraNa nahIM Aye, jaba apanI asamarthatA para unake netroM sU chalaka pAye hoN| jisake apane paira meM kabhI bivAI nahIM phaTI, jisane zoSaNa ra utpIr3ana ko nahIM sahA, vaha insAna vartamAna kI kurUpatA, glAni zraura vikSobha se dUra raha sakatA hai aura usI ke lie dArzanika bane rahakara apane graham ko santoSa dene kI suvidhA bhI raha sakatI hai / jainendra jI svayaM madhyavitta ke samAja se prAye haiM / unake jIvana meM Arthika kaThinAiyA~ bhI AI haiM, para unake sAhitya ko par3hakara yaha bhalI-bhA~ti kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki vaha jIvana ke yathArtha se dUra haTa kara sAhitya-sAdhanA karate haiM; usake lie ve apanI durddharSa pratibhA ke RNI kama haiM, kisI dUsare ke utsarga aura tyAga ke RraNI adhika / jainendra jI kabhI-kabhI ha~sate haiM, para ha~sate haiM to pUrNa nizchalatA caura harAI ke sAtha ha~sate haiM / vaha bhItara se sulagakara bhI bAhara se muskarAne kI

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180 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva sAmarthya rakhate haiM, vaise bhItara se sulagane ko ve acchA guNa nahIM mAnate / ____ unhoMne apane viziSTa jIvana meM do vizeSatAyeM paMdA kI haiN| eka to asvIkAra karate hue saba kucha svIkAra kara lene kI aura dUsarI vinamratA ghoSita karate-karate sarvazreSTha bana jAne kI / apanI bar3AI kA unheM mAna hai aura apane jJAna para unheM vizvAsa hai; ina donoM bAtoM ko ve bar3appana kI bhAvanA ke pratikUla mAnate haiM / isalie unameM eka viziSTa sambhASaNa-zailI panapa sakI hai| lekhana meM bhI ve zailIkAra kucha isalie bhI haiM ki jo saba kahate haiM, vaha unakA kahanA kaise ho, jo saba kI bhASA ho, vaha unakI bhASA kaise ho sakatI hai ? insAnI mAdde kI parakha meM bhI unhoMne apane aneka sama-sAmayikoM se adhika nizaMkatA kA paricaya diyA hai / sunItA ke nArItva aura strItva ko alaga-alaga kara dene ke lie unhoMne use nirvasana taka kara diyA hai / sunItA ko Aja kI draupadI kaheM to kyA anucita hai ? Aja sunItA ko hamane samajhA hai to yahI ki vaha usa nAgarika kI taraha hai jo lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA se abhiprerita hokara apanA zarIra kisI fijIziyana kI meja para phailA de / usakI nagnatA meM draupadI kI asamarthatA yadyapi nahIM hai, para mAtAhArI kI nirvargIyatA avazya hai / isakA bilkula ulTA 'ugra' meM hai| nArI ke zarIra ko nirvasana karake nirvikAra raha sakanA yadi sambhava hai to kyA jainendra jI ne apekSita 'kalcara' prApta kara lI hai ? sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ne sarvasAmAnya ke lie vaisA kara sakanA asambhava kara diyA hai / jainendra jI koI 'morAlisTa' yA manuSya kI svAbhAvika vAsanAoM ke damana kI bAta kahate hoM, yaha bAta nahIM hai| kabhI-kabhI to lagatA hai ki strI aura puruSa ke sambandhoM ko sunizcita karane vAlI parivAra-praNAlI ko hI ve asvIkAra karate haiN| 'seksa' para jainendra jI ke vicAra bUr3he baTaNDa rasala ke samAna navInatA priya haiN| pratIta hotA hai ki jIvana meM adhika vizrAma kara sakane ke kAraNa ve yaunavijJAna ke prAcArya ajJAtarUpa se bana gaye / hindI-sAhityakAroM meM jainendra jI ne naye yuvaka-yuvatiyoM ko apane sulajhe hue vizleSaNa se jitanA upakRta kiyA hai, utanA kisI dUsare ne zAyada hI kiyA ho / bAta yaha hai ki unake viSaya hI do haiM-darzana aura kAma / unake sAhitya kI mUla preraNA eka hI hai, cAhe use dArzanika vAsanA kaha lIjie athavA vAsanAtmaka dArzanikatA / vicAroM se vyaktivAdI hote hue bhI jainendra jI dUsaroM ke prati udAra haiM / yahAM taka ki apane baccoM aura bhaktoM para bhI apane Apako nahIM lAdate / sAmAjika ziSTAcAra aura dUsare dAyitvoM ko eka uttaradAyI nAgarika kI taraha nibhAte hue

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jainendra kumAra : eka mUlyAMkana bhI ve sAhitya meM asAdhAraNa rUpa se 'seksa' kI daladala meM kyoM phaMsa jAte hai ? unakA jIvana pUrNata: 'cesTa' hai / phira yaha hAdasA kisa taraha ghaTita ho jAtA hai ? lagatA hai bAlyakAla meM unheM khula kara khelane kA avasara nahIM milaa| eka janma-jAta kalAkAra saundarya kI bhUkha lekara paidA hotA hai; yaha bhUkha paritRpti to kalAkRtiyoM meM AtmasaMtoSa DhUMr3hatI hai / nahIM pAtI jainendra jI eka asAdhAraNa kSamatA - sampanna kalAkAra hote hue bhI madhyavarga ke bRtta se Upara nahIM nikala sake, kyoMki ve kalpanA se sAhitya kI racanA karate haiM / kalpanA mAtra se sAhitya-sRjana karane vAle sAhityakAra apanI nijatA ke ghere se zrAge nahIM nikala pAte / 181 jo sAhityakAra gorkI kI taraha janatA meM rahakara jIvana bitAte haiM, unake sAtha mAnavIya vijayoM kA abhimAna aura parAjayoM kA viveka rahatA hai / janatA ko vilakSaNa janoM kA aisA svarUpa kabhI-kabhI dekhane ko milatA hai, jinheM dekhakara kalpanA bhI nihAla ho jAtI hai / jana-jIvana sAhitya kA akSaya preraNA srota hai, jisakI mahimA kalpanA se pare kI vastu hai| jainendra jI jIvana kI raMgasthalI se haTakara eka choTe-se dAyare meM simaTate A rahe haiM / zrAja lekhaka kI sthiti ajIba ho gaI hai / Aja vaha prAstikatA zraura nAstikatA ke sandhi-sthala para khar3A hai; usake cAroM ora tabAhI aura barbAdI hai / isa vasthA meM sAhityakAra kA rAjanItika pakSa ubhAra meM zrAtA hai / maMcoM para se kAma karane vAle sakriya rAjanItijJa na hokara bhI sAhitya kI bhI samasyA hai, para yaha unakI nijI samasyA bhI hai / jainendra jI kA mana duniyA meM hai; ve jIvana se prema karate haiM / virAga unameM nahIM hai; jo socate haiM, vahI saccAI ke sAtha kahate haiM / samAjavAdI honA cAhe zrAja kA phaizana bana gayA ho, para vaha phaizana ke lie samAjavAdI kabhI nahIM baneMge / unakA raMga apanA hai, jo prAyu ke sAtha gaharA hotA jAtA hai / jo kucha likheMge, usameM se Thosa AvAja nikalegI / usameM na tote kA raTA huA sabaqa hogA, na mahApuruSoM kI jIvaniyoM aura pravacanoM se ikaTThe kiye gaye bodha vAkyoM kI pratilipi / jainendra jI kI vyaktigata kSamatAeM bhI Ayu ke sAtha bar3ha rahI haiM / gatyAtmakatA pro chitA se varSoM pahale hindI ko AbhUSita kiyA thaa| Aja vaha aMgrejI ke zreSTha vaktA, lekhaka aura vArtAkAra bana cuke haiM aura hindI ke sAhityakAroM meM pahale mI haiM, jo yadi AksaphorDa vizva vidyAlaya se bhI bulAvA grA jAya to eka lekhaka kI pUrNa maryAdA ko surakSita rakhate hue dIkSAMta bhASaraNa kara sakate haiM / <101

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siyArAmazaraNa prasAda jainendrakumAra kA kathA-sAhitya jainendra jI hindI ke labdha pratiSTha kathAkAra haiN| eka upanyAsa-lekhaka aura kahAnIkAra ke rUpa meM unhoMne hindI-sAhitya meM apanA eka viziSTa sthAna banA liyA hai / jahA~ anya kathAkAra saMsAra ke bAhya calacitra meM prabhAvita hue haiM aura unhoMne mAnava-jIvana kI saMtuSTi ke liye bAhya-upAdAnoM kA Azraya liyA hai, vahA~ jainendra jI mAnava ke antara meM paiThane kA yatna karate rahe haiN| unakI kathAoM kA mUla antaHdarzana meM sthita hai| jainendra jI ke aneka kahAnI-saMgraha pAThakoM ke samakSa A cuke haiN| phAMsI, vAtAyana, do cir3iyA, eka rAta, nIlama deza kI rAjakanyA, jayasandhi, pAjeba Adi kI bahuta carcA hai| jainendra jI ke kathA-sAhitya kA eka-mAtra mUla uddezya mAnava-jIvana ke satya kA udghATana karanA hai / unhoMne asAdhAraNa paristhitiyoM meM par3e asAdhAraNa kAvya kI mAnasika kriyA-pratikriyAoM aura antadvaMdvoM kA bar3A hI mArmika citraNa kiyA hai| ina citraNoM kI sabase bar3I upAdeyatA yaha hai ki inake mAdhyama se unhoMne samAja kI bAhya aura Antarika viSamatAoM para acchA prahAra karane kA yatna kiyA hai / viSaya kI gahanatA, darzana ke puTa aura siddhAntoM aura vicAroM ke prakAzana meM jainendra sAhitya kI bhUla-bhulaiyA kabhI-kabhI pAThakoM ko sahamAtI-sI dRSTi par3atI hai / lekina kahAniyoM ko par3hane para pAThaka ko apane antarmana kI vyathA kA, apane kisI gopanIya rahasya kA udghoSaNa sA hotA dikhAI detA hai, para sundaratA isa bAta meM hotI hai ki jainendra kayA-sAhitya ke pulapiTa se ApakI manograMthiyoM ko 'pablikalI' eka upadezaka yA mArga-darzaka ke rUpa meM kholakara nahIM rakhate / aisI paristhiti meM kabhI-kabhI aise citra nirmita hote haiM, isa prakAra se bhAvanAeM vyakta hotI haiM jo nizcaya hI janasAdhAraNa ke lie bahuta bodha-gamya nahIM hotI haiM / svabhAvata: isa prakAra ke varNanoM se pAThaka ke mana meM eka UhApoha jAgRta hotA hai aura eka vicitra-sI virakti usako ghera letI hai / udAharaNArtha 'patnI' zIrSaka ke nAma se likhI gaI kahAnI kA avalokana kiyA jA sakatA hai / jainendra jI kI yaha kahAnI gahanatA ko lie hai / manotatva kI sUkSmatA ke mAdhyama se isa kahAnI meM mAnasika gatividhiyoM kI abhivyakti kI gaI hai| isI prakAra 'pAjeba' nAmaka kahAnI meM bAla-manovijJAna kI yathArthatA ke darzana ( 182 )

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jainendra kumAra kA kathA-sAhitya hote haiM / unakI isa prakAra kI kahAniyoM meM manovijJAna ke vizleSaNAtmaka siddhAntoM ke darzana hote haiM / avazya hI isa prakAra kI kahAniyoM meM kabhI-kabhI pAThaka ulajhAsA mahasUsa karatA hai / parantu unakI kucha kahAniyAM satya, manotatva, dharma aura samAja ke AdhAra para itanA sundara prakAza DAlatI haiM ki pAThaka barabasa ruka kara unheM par3hane aura unase kucha uThA lene ke lie bAdhya ho jAtA hai| lekina kucheka kahAniyoM ke vizleSaNa se pAThaka ko aisA lagatA hai mAno vaha svayaM hI apane cAroM ora rezamI jAla bunatA calA jA rahA hai, jisake nIce vaha svataH phaMsatA jAtA hai aura jo kucha vaha par3hanA cAhatA hai / vaha svataH usake liye eka durgama pahelI banatI jAtI hai / kabhIkabhI to aisA lagatA hai ki lekhaka svayaM hI sImA kA atikramaNa karanA cAhatA hai, parantu usakA cintana abhivyakti kA patha nahIM prApta kara pAtA / hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye ki kahAniyA~ samAja ke liye likhI jAtI haiM / yadi sAdhAraNa janatA kI pahu~ca ke ve bAhara ho jAtI haiM to unakI upAdeyatA hI saMdigdha ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra kI kahAniyoM ko saphala kahAnI kahAM taka kahA jA sakatA hai, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / udAharaNa ke lie ceharA nAmaka kahAnI kA adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai / jainendra jI ne kucha kahAniyoM meM eka aspaSTa-sI samasyA khar3I kara dI hai / udAharaNArtha "vaha ceharA sadA-sadA avataraNa letA hai / nizcaya hI, nizcaya hI vaha eka rUpa nahIM hai, eka raMga nahIM hai / para sadaiva vaha ekAtmA hai / niyukta samaya para vaha sabako dIkhatA hai aura zAyada ghara-ghara hotA hai / yaha ceharA A~khoM ke bhItara pahu~ce binA nahIM rahatA aura vahA~ se phira vaha miTanA nahIM jaantaa|" (vaha ceharA) sAmAjika dRSTikoNa ke pAThaka aisI racanAoM se adhika saMtuSTa nahIM hote, kyoMki jahA~ eka ora vaha apane sAhitya kA stara U~cA uThAte haiM, vahA~ unakA sambandha sAdhAraNa jIvana se TUTatA pratIta hotA hai / unakI racanAe~ sAdhAraNa jIvana kI upayogitA ko khotI calI jAtI haiM aura jina vizeSa paristhitiyoM kA citraNa ve karate haiM, unakA sambandha samAja se TUTa jAtA hai| (yajJadatta zarmA-hindI-gadya kA vikAsa / pRSTha 61) jainendrajI kI kahAnI sAdhAraNatayA sarala hotI hai aura saralatA meM bhI sajIva lagatI hai, kyoMki usameM eka jana-jIvana kA spandana saMcAlita hotA rahatA hai, parantu jaba jainendrajI kA dArzanika upasthita ho jAtA hai, taba bhASA meM jaTilatA sahaja hI A jAtI hai tathA bhASA kI svAbhAvika gati meM bAdhA utpanna ho jAtI hai| bhale hI sAmAnya pAThaka unakI dArzanika tathA vicitra bhaMgimA (bhASA kI dRSTi) se antarmakha ho jAne aura na samajhane ke kAraNa jainendrajI kI kalA ke prati UMcI dhAraNA kA nirmANa kara le, parantu sAvadhAna pAThaka aura Alocaka ise daurbalya kI sthiti hI maaneNge| nizcaya hI kahIM-kahIM to atyaMta hI anAvazyaka rUpa se lekhaka ne dArzanikatA

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184 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kI zilA kahAnI ke sughara gale meM bA~dha dI hai, jisase usakA svarUpa vikRta ho gayA hai / udAharaNArthaM "nIlama deza kI rAja kanyA," "samApti", "mauta aura..." zrAdi kahAniyoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai / yoM unakI ve kahAniyA~ jo isa durguNa se mukta rah rukI haiM, kAphI sapala utarI haiM / patnI, eka go, sajA, rukiyA bur3hiyA zrAvi racanA ko isa dRSTi se dekha sakate haiM / aisI kahAniyA~ pAThakoM ke marma ko sparza karatI haiM, cintana kI pravRtti ko unmukta karatI haiM / jainendra kA sAhitya zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke saMyoga para jor3a DAlatA hai / unhoMne svayaM likhA hai, "mujhe isameM bhI bahuta sandeha hai ki jisako zraddhA kA saMyoga prApta nahIM hai, vaha buddhi kucha bhI phala utpanna kara sakatI hai. buddhi apane Apa meM baMdhya hai / " ( manthana - pRSTha 16 ) zraddhA kI kriyA mahattvavAna hai jo mukti ke virATa mArga kI prora agrasara karA detI hai - apanI buddhi ke bhItara rata rahane se jaise hama hrasva hote haiM, usI bhA~ti zraddhApUrvaka virATa sattA ke prati samarpita rahane se hama mukti kI ora bar3hate haiM / isI tattva kI zrora unhoMne 'eka gau', 'sajA' Adi meM saMketa kiyA hai| zraddhA ke prabhAva meM hI 'apanA-parAyA' meM phaujI aphasara ghRNAspada prAcaraNa prastuta karatA hai / zraddhA ke vyApaka prasAra meM, buddhi ko usake dvArA santulita karane meM prAntarika sukha kA prakaTIkaraNa hotA hai, jIvana ko sahI dizA milatI hai anyathA vaha aMdhakArAcchanna jaMgala meM bhaTakatA zrAntarika zAnti aura ullAsa kho detA hai / ajJeya zraura jainendra kA antara isa AdhAra para samajhA jA sakatA hai / jainendra saundarya kI mahattA svIkAra karate haiM-- 'saundarya parama satya hai, parama satya kI bhinna vibhUti hai, satya kI bhA~ti saba Thaura vyApA hai / ( rukiyA bur3hiyA) parantu vaha yaha bhI mAnatA hai - 'hareka sundaratA z2arUrata se adhika pAsa le lene para aura phira prasata ho jAyegI / ' ( manthana, pRSTha 21 ) isIlie to rukiyA kA asundara gaharAI yukta prema sArahIna siddha ho jAtA hai / rUpa kI nikaTatA se rUpa ke zrAkarSaraNa kA viparIta AyAma bhI ubhara kara sammukha zrAne lagatA hai / taba manuSya kA ullAsa zanaiH zanaiH samApta' hone lagatA hai / satya kI prakriyA jo bhI ho, parantu manuSya rUpa ko pratyadhika samIpa lAne ke lie prayatnazIla rahatA hI hai / manuSya kI isa svAbhAvika pravRtti hama inkAra nahIM kara sakate / jainendra ke sAmAnya pAtra bhI isase mukta nahIM dIkha par3ate / rukiyA ke premI ko bhI isa dRSTi se dekha sakate haiM / prema ko svataH unhoMne atyadhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai jo apanI garimA se utkarSayukta rahatA hai, parantu sAmIpya kI utkaMThA se kisI bhI prakAra nirlipta nahIM rahA jA sakatA / isIlie to unake caritra aura unake vicAra meM yatra-tatra virodha hotA dIkha par3atA hai / 1

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jainendra kumAra kA kathA-sAhitya 185 "apanA-apanA bhAgya' jaisI racanAoM meM bhAgyavAda para vizvAsa prakaTa hai, paraMtu mere matAnusAra aisI racanAe~ marma chune kI zakti se hIna haiM / "apanA-apanA bhAgya': hI dekheM / yadyapi isakA anta dukhAnta hai, phira bhI karuNA kI zakti isameM kuThita lagatI hai| pAThaka kA mana usase marmAhata nahIM hotA / aisI racanAoM meM jainendra saphala nahIM ho sake haiM--merI to aisI hI dhAraNA hai| matavya aura uddezya kI aspaSTatA ke kAraNa unakI kucha kahAniyAM pahelI-sI lagatI haiM / udAharaNArtha nIlama deza kI rAjakumArI, samApti, mauta aura..'prAdi kahAniyA~ haiM / yadi jainendrajI dArzanikatA ke vyAmoha ko chor3akara sAdhAraNa jIvana ke dharAtala para apane vicAroM kI abhivyakti kareM to unakI kalA adhika jIvaMta aura prabhAvapUrNa ho jAya /

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zrI siddhezvaraprasAda jainendra ke upanyAsa jainendra vizleSaNa-priya kalAkAra haiM / ve premacanda kI taraha na to vyApaka citrapaTa sAmane lAte haiM aura na usa vistAra kI AvazyakatA hI samajhate haiM, balki unakA vizvAsa hai- "isa vizva ke choTe-se-choTe khaNDa ko lekara hama apanA citra banA sakate haiM aura usameM satya ke darzana pA sakate haiM" ('sunItA' kI prastAvanA) / samasyA-nATakoM kI taraha unake upanyAsa samasyA-upanyAsa haiN| unake mana meM samasyA ke rUpa meM koI cIja gutthI bana kara aTaka jAtI hai aura ve pAtroM ke mAdhyama se usakA vizleSaNa karate haiN| jainendra ke upanyAsoM kI samasyA eka hI hai-nArI kA satItva ! nArI kI aura bhI samasyAeM haiM ; parantu unakI aora jainendra kA dhyAna nahIM gayA hai / sunItA, mRNAla aura kalyANI--tInoM eka hI vyaktitva ke tIna rUpa haiM, tInoM kI eka hI samasyA hai| jainendra kI yaha samasyA kyA hai ? aAja hamAre samAja meM puruSa aura strI donoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak naitika mApadaNDa pracalita haiM / puruSa vedAnta kA puruSa hai-sarvathA mukta / nArI mAyA hai, jisake lie zAzvata bandhana-vidhAna ke sivA samAja ke pAsa aura kucha nahIM hai| puruSa jisa bhUla ke liye zAbAsI pAtA hai, nArI usI ke liye tAr3ana / isa samasyA ke samAdhAna-pazcima ke nArI-svAtaMtrya-ko bhI jainendra asvIkAra karate haiM; kyoMki usakA AdhAra prema aura sahayoga nahIM, adhikAra-bhAvanA kI hor3a hai / jainendra mAnate haiM ki vyakti tyAga aura kaSTa-sahana ke dvArA dUsaroM ko sahI mArga para lA sakatA hai-isake liye kisI prakAra kI hiMsaka krAnti ko ve asvIkAra karate haiM / isIlie unake vicAra se isa naitika samasyA kA samAdhAna nArI ke anaitika hone meM nahIM, balki kaSTa-sahana aura tyAga ke dvArA anaitika puruSa ko naitika banAne meM haiM / ise jainendra kI atinaitikatA mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakI vyAvahArikatA meM kisI ko sandeha ho sakatA hai ; para vaise avasara para jainendra tarka kA nahIM-vizvAsa kA Azraya leMge; kyoMki vizvAsa hI punarnirmANa kI zakti de sakatA hai / logoM ne jainendra para zarat kA prabhAva dekhA hai; para kahA~ aura kisa aMza meMyaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai / vAstava meM koI aisI bAta hai hI nahIM / zarata kI samasyA sAmAjika adhika hai, jainendra kI samasyA naitika adhika / jisa tarka ke AdhAra para zarat ko premacanda se adhika gaharAI meM utarane vAlA kalAkAra kahA jAtA hai,

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jainendra ke upanyAsa 187 usI tarka ke anusAra jainendra zarat se adhika gaharAI taka jAne vAle kalAkAra haiM / bahuta kucha samAnatA vAle do caritroM ko lIjiye / 'zrIkAnta' kI rAjalakSmI aura 'tyAga patra' kI mRNAla - donoM hI sAmAjika dRSTi se patita haiM / lekina rAjalakSmI ko patita hokara bhI jo sukha aura adhikAra prApta haiM, vaha mRNAla ko gRhiNI hokara bhI nahIM / mRNAla gRhiNI hokara bhI lAMchita hai, rAjalakSmI patita hokara bhI priya kA premapAtra / rAjalakSmI bacapana ke sAthI ko pAkara vezyAvRtti se mukta hotI hai, mRNAla apane bacapana kI bAta apane pati se kahakara tAr3ana pAtI hai / lekina mUla meM eka hI bAta hai / jisa ImAnadArI ke kAraNa rAjalakSmI sabhI kucha pAtI hai, usI ke kAraNa mRNAla saba taraha ke duHkha uThAtI hai / to kyA, jIvana meM-- dAmpatya jIvana meM bhI - ImAnadArI aparAdha hai ? jainendra ke sAmane yaha naitika samasyA hai / jainendra ise naitika stara para sulajhAne kA prayatna karate haiM / zarat isI ko sAmAjika pArzvabhUmi meM dekhate haiM / isa kathana kA eka jabaradasta pramAraNa yaha hai ki jainendra kI nArI kI jAgarUkatA aura zakti zarat kI nArI meM nahIM hai / zarat kI nArI nirIha hai, abalA hai; isIliye vaha kucha kahane - karane se lAcAra hai - isIliye vaha niruddezya bhItara hI bhItara ghulatI rahatI hai / lekina jainendra kI nArI meM zakti bhI hai aura vaha usa zakti se paricita bhI hai / naitikatA ke viruddha pratikriyA - svarUpa vaha anaitika bhI ho sakatI thI, jaisA mRNAla ne kiyA; para yaha samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hai; kyoMki isase kucha bhI racanAtmaka kArya saMbhava nahIM hai / dUsarI ora racanAtmaka dRSTi lekara calane vAlI sunItA saba kucha sahatI jAtI hai, tathAkathita azlIla grAcaraNa bhI karatI hai / para sAtha hI sAtha apane pratipakSI ko kisI na kisI taraha yaha saMketa karanA bhI nahIM bhUlatI ki vaha galatI kara rahA hai aura isa prakAra usakI soI manuSyatA ko jagAne meM saphala hotI hai / jainendra kI nArI karttavya kiye jAtI hai aura karttavya pAlana meM hI eka roja samApta ho jAtI hai / taba, kahA~ hai jainendra para zarat kA prabhAva ? jainendra kI yaha mAnavIya zrAdhAra se yukta manovaijJAnika naitikatA to gAMdhI jI kI dena hai, jise unake svAnubhUta anubhavoM ne tIvratA dI hai / to kyA, kalA ke kSetra meM jainendra zarat ke RNI haiM ? avazya hI kalA ke kSetra meM jainendra ne zarat se kucha liyA hai / kalA ke kSetra kA yaha RNa manovizleSaNAtmaka citraraNa kA nahIM ( yaha jainendra kI ekadama apanI cIja hai), balki kathana ke anAyAsapana kA hai / kathana kA yaha anAyAsapana zarat kI upanyAsa- kalA kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai / kalA kA yaha anAyAsapana svAbhAvikatA se bhinna vastu hai / svAbhAvikatA kA sambandha vastu se hai, anAyAsapana kA abhivyakti se / 'caritrahIna' aura 'zrIkAnta' jaise lambe upanyAsoM meM bhI zarat isa sahaja bhAva se kahate haiM, mAnoM saba kucha anAyAsa hI kahA jA rahA hai, nirmANa-kauzala kA tanika bhI prayAsa nahIM milatA / 1

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188 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva jainendra meM bhI yaha bAta apane sahaja svAbhAvika rUpa meM milatI | pustaka samApta kara lene ke bAda bhale hI jainendra kI rahasyamayatA kI ora dhyAna jAya, lekina bagaira samApta kiye kahIM kisI prakAra kI rukAvaTa kA anubhava nahIM hotA / yaha adbhuta guraNa jainendra kI viSaya-vastu meM nahIM, unakI varNana-zailI meM hai / premacanda kA AkarSaNa varNana zailI se adhika sAmayika viSaya kA hai / eka grantara aura bhI hai / zarat aura jainendra bhAvakSetra ke kalAkAra haiM; premacanda apekSAkRta ghaTanA kSetra ke / lekina do bAtoM ko lekara jainendra kI kalA zarat se Age kI cIja kahI jAyagI / varNana-zailI ko saphala banAne ke liye zarat ko jisa vistAra kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, jainendra kI usase bahuta thor3e meM hI, zAyada usase adhika abhISTa siddhi ho jAtI hai / jina thor3e se pAtroM ko lekara jainendra saphala kathA-sRSTi kara pAte haiM, vaha unakI apanI vizeSatA hai / jainendra kI yaha saphalatA aura bhI adhika U~cAI pA jAtI hai, jaba hama dekhate haiN| ki naitikatA jaise sarvathA achUte viSaya ko lekara bhI ve isa saphalatA ke pAne meM samartha haiN| kalA kI maulikatA, viSaya kI maulikatA - zraura usake bAda bhI upanyAsa kI sarasatA meM kamI na Ane denA, yaha koI sAdhAraNa bAta nahIM hai / ( 2 ) jainendra ko prabhAvita karane vAle jina srotoM kI ora Upara saMketa kiyA gayA hai, unheM dhyAna meM na rakhane ke kAraNa hI prAlocakoM ne paraspara viruddha bAteM kahIM haiN| eka ora zrI nandadulAre vAjapeyI kahate haiM- "jainendra jI eka bhAvuka kathAkAra haiM / " ( Adhunika sAhitya, pR0 156 ) ; dUsarI ora DAkTara nagendra kA mata hai -- " jainendra jI meM buddhi kI tIvratA hai|" ( vicAra aura anubhUti, pR0 144 ) ; DAkTara devarAja kahate haiM---" kahIM-kahIM jainendra ke vAkya pezevara philAsapharoM ko bhI lajA de sakate haiM / " (sAhitya-cintA, pR0 180), "dArzanikatA jainendra kA svabhAva hI hai / " (vahI, , pR0 179 ) / aisI aTakaleM kyoM ? kyA hindI - prAlocanA aba bhI bhAvukatA meM pala rahI hai ? bhAvuka bhalA buddhivAdI aura dArzanika kyoM hone lagA ? yA, svabhAva se hI cintanapriya dArzanika kA bhAvukatA se kyA sambandha ? jinheM jainendra ke prati eka prakAra kI aspaSTatA kI zikAyata thI, ve bhAvukatA kI bAta ko le ur3e ! jinake sAmane jainendra kI sUktiyA~ thIM, unhoMne unakI dArzanikatA ko to dekhA, para unakI kalA kA mUlya na nA~ka sake ! eka hI sA~sa meM jainendra para 'vyaktivAdI', 'maujUdA sthiti athavA 'svIkRta maryAdAoM ke pakke samarthaka' (sAhitya - cintA, pR0 186), ' spaSTa lakSya kA abhAva' (vahI, pR0 182 ) Adi Aropa karane ke bAda bhI jaba DA0 devarAja unheM 'eka asAdhAraNa lekhaka' (vahI, pR0 188) kahate haiM, taba sacamuca Azcarya hotA hai / svabhAva se jainendra ko 'pezevara philAsapharoM ko lajAne vAle dArzanika' mAna kara unake

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jainendra ke upanyAsa 186 cintanako prabhaviSNu (vahI, pR0 183 ) na mAnanA aura phira unheM 'vizva ke thor3ese vicArottejaka lekhakoM' meM sthAna denA (vahI, pR0 188) kucha artha nahIM rakhatA / jainendra meM na to tathAkathita badanAma bhAvukatA hai, na ve 'maujUdA sthiti' athavA svIkRta maryAdAoM ke pakke samarthaka' haiM, aura na unameM 'spaSTa lakSya kA prabhAva' hI hai / saca bAta to yaha hai ki koI bhI vyaktivAdI, yadi usameM 'bauddhika gahanatA' hai ( sAhitya - cintA, pR0 188), 'maujUdA sthiti kA samarthaka' nahIM ho sakatA / vyaktivAda kA jinhoMne ghor3A bhI adhyayana kiyA hai, ve yaha acchI taraha jAnate haiM ki saccA vyaktivAdI arAjakatAvAdI ( Anarchist ) hotA hai / yaha to sAmAjika vikAsa kI carama pariNati hai, jisakA svapna sadA se saMsAra ke mahAnatama vyakti dekhate Aye haiM / yaha sthiti jahA~ vyakti ko abAdha adhikAra (pUrNa svataMtratA) detI hai, vahIM vaha vyakti se isa bAta kI bhI AzA rakhatI hai ki vaha kisI bhI avasthA meM dUsare ke adhikAra kA anAdara na karegA | jainendra ke vyaktivAda ko, jo kabhI nikaTa na Ane vAle kSitija kI taraha mAnava vikAsa kI maMjiloM ko cunautI detA rahA hai, DA0 devarAja 'maryAdAnoM ke samarthaka' kI jaMjIroM meM jakar3anA cAhate haiM / maiM mAnatA hU~ ki jainendra isI artha meM vyaktivAdI haiM aura aisA vyakti 'maujUdA sthiti' kA kabhI samarthaka nahIM ho sakatA / 'tyAga-patra' meM eka sthAna para jainendra kahate haiM- " kahIM kyoM, saba gar3abar3a hI gar3abar3a hai / jIvana hI hamArA galata hai / sArA cavakara yaha UTapaTA~ga hai / isameM tarka nahIM hai, saMgati nahIM hai, kucha nahIM hai / " Upara jainendra itanA hI kaha kara cupa raha jAte to yaha nirAzAvAdI aura niSedhAtmaka (Negative) dRSTikoNa hotA / para Age ve aura bhI kucha kahate hai jo kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM--" isase kucha honA hogA, jarUra kucha karanA hogA / " "kucha nahIM hai', kaha kara bahuta kucha ko asvIkAra karane kI jo zakti jainendra meM hai, vaha unheM kabhI 'maujUdA sthiti' kA samarthaka nahIM hone de sakatI hai| maujUdA sthiti se utpanna ghora prasantoSa hI to jainendra ko hamAre vizRMkhala naitika jIvana kA citra dene ko prerita karatA hai / jainendra kahate haiM--'kucha karanA hogA' / isa 'kucha' kA samAdhAna hI ve apane sAhitya meM DhU~r3hate rahe haiM / jaisA Upara ke uddharaNa se spaSTa hai, jainendra yaha mAnate haiM ki hamAre jIvana meM AmUla parivartana kI AvazyakatA hai / isaliye naye grAdhAra para hame zrapane jIvana kA punarnirmANa karanA hogA / yaha punarnirmANa naMtika AdhAra para hogA / sAmAjika aura Arthika parivartana se adhika mahattvapUrNa hai manuSya kA bhItarI parivartana / jaba taka manuSya kI cetanA kA saMskAra nahIM hotA, bAharI vidhi-vidhAnoM se niyaMtrita usakI pazutA cAhe jaba kabhI umar3a kara pralaya kA dRzya upasthita kara sakatI hai / jainendra ne jina samasyAoM ko uThAyA hai, yazapAla ne 'dAdA kaoNmareDa' meM samAjavAdI dRSTikoNa se unakA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai / "dAdA kaoNmareDa" ke 'do zabda '

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva meM ve kahate haiM-"prakRti kI dUsarI zaktiyoM kI bhA~ti manuSya kI sRjana-vRtti bhI eka zakti hai| prakRti kI durdamanIya zaktiyoM-jalavAyu aura bijalI-ko manuSya ne upayoga ke vaza meM kara liyA hai to kyA, vaha apanI sRjana zakti ko svAbhAvika mArga de apane jIvana ke prAnanda ke srota ko saMkaTa kA kAraNa hone se nahIM bacA sakatA ? prazna hai, kevala paristhitiyoM ke anusAra naitika dhAraNA kA, mArga badalane kA !" yadyapi apane isa upanyAsa meM yazapAla ne yaha dikhAyA hai ki koI vyakti sRjana-vRtti se pare nahIM ho sakatA, phira bhI isase sambaddha naitikatA ke prati unakA kyA dRSTikoNa hai, yaha spaSTa nahIM ho sakA hai| kyA zaila kA mArga sAmAjika jIvana ke liye hitakara hai ? kyA yahI sRjana-vRtti kA svAbhAvika mArga hai ? spATa hai, paristhitiyoM ke anusAra naitika dhAraNA ko badalane kI bAta yaha nahIM huii| yazapAla apanI sthApanA meM svayaM ulajha gaye haiM / jainendra ne samAja kI vartamAna sthiti evaM usake AdhAra aura usakI naitika dhAraNA ke jisa vaiSamya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, yazapAla usase kucha bhI adhika nahIM kara pAye haiN| vaktavya ko aura bhI adhika spaSTa karane ke liye jainendra ke kisI pAtra kA vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana kIjiye / mRNAla ko hI lIjiye / lekhaka ke prati kisI prakAra kA anyAya na ho, isake liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki sArI paristhiti dhyAna meM rakhI jAya / mRNAla ko pati ke yahA~ hara prakAra kI yAtanAe~ milatI haiM / kAraNa(ka) usane zIlA ke bhAI se kevala mAnasika prema kiyaa| (kha) para yaha koI aparAdha nahIM thA, yadi vaha cupa raha jAtI / isIliye usakA asala aparAdha thA-pati para isa rahasya ko prakaTa karanA / yahA~ janendra isa bAta kI ora saMketa karanA cAhate haiM ki hamAre samAja meM ImAnadArI ke liye sthAna nhiiN| apanI isa bAta ko chipA kara mRNAla strI-ziromaNi ho sakatI thii| (ga) dUsarI ora jainendra yaha dikhalAte haiM ki mRNAla kA pati svayaM zarAbI aura duzcaritra hai / lekina vaha puruSa jo hai, niyamoM se pare, niyamoM kA vidhAyaka / isI asaMtulita naitika AdhAra ke kAraNa to ghara ke ghara naSTa ho rahe haiM / eka ora jahA~ nArI se mAnavottara naitikatA kI mA~ga kI jAtI hai, vahIM, dUsarI ora, puruSa naitikatA kI sarvathA upekSA karate huye pAye jAte haiN| (gha) pati ke ghara se niSkAsana ke pazcAt mRNAla ke liye mAyake meM koI sthAna na thA ! vahA~ bhI usakA svAgata betoM se kiyA jA cukA thaa| ina sArI paristhitiyoM ke pIche mAnoM jainendra vyaMgya karate hoM-'mana kI mAnava dharmazAstrI vyAkhyA ke bAda se hamArA samAja devI ke sAmane sira jhukA sakatA hai, ramaNI ke prati Aveza aura AkulatA dikhalA sakatA hai, lekina mAnavI ke prati mAnavocita vyavahAra nahIM kara sakatA !"

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jainendra ke upanyAsa 161 (Ga) taba mRNAla koyale vAle ke yahA~ jAtI hai| vijJa pAThakoM aura bahujJa AlocakoM kA Aropa hai ki yaha svAbhAvika nahIM huA / use koThe vAle ke yahA~ jAnA cAhiye thA, use koThe para jAnA cAhiye thA-(Adhunika sAhitya-nandadulAre vaajpeyii)| lekina eka to yaha ki koThe vAloM ke yahA~ usake liye rAstA banda ho gayA thA, dUsare yaha ki koThe vAle kI mahAnatA (!) kA bhI use paricaya mila hI cakA thaa| koThe vAle mRNAla ke pati aura koyale vAle ke caritra meM paise kI U~cI dIvAra ke sivA aura kauna-sA antara hai ? prema nAma kI cIja na to koThe vAle ke pAsa hai aura na koyale vAle ke donoM hI ke liye mRNAla kevala bhoga kI vastu hai / mRNAla ke isa AcaraNa ke dvArA lekhaka ne yahI dikhalAyA hai| Arthika dRSTi se cAhe samAja ke vibhinna stara bana gaye hoM, parantu manuSya kI dRSTi se yaha vikAsa abhI apane zaizava meM hI hai| prazna uThatA hai, yaha saba kyoM ? kaba taka ? kyA yaha saba nArI kI Arthika parataMtratA ke kAraNa haiM ? isake liye jainendra ne kalyANI kA sRjana kiyA hai, jo Arthika dRSTi se svayaM svataMtra hI nahIM, balki apanI kamAI para apane pati ko bhI nirbhara rakhane vAlI hai| ('dAdA kaoNmareDa' kI zaila Arthika dRSTi se svataMtra raha kara bhI kitanI yAtanAeM sahatI hai / usake jIvana ko mAtra uccavargIya abhizApa kaha kara nahIM TAlA jA sakatA / zaila udAratA cAhatI hai / saba kucha saMbhava hai; para yahI saMbhava nahIM hai / ) lekina isase kalyANI ko kama yAtanAe~ nahIM sahanI par3atI haiM / usakA pati use rupaye kamAne ke liye svataMtratA denA cAhatA hai / nArI kI sthiti Aja ke samAja meM bar3I hI viSama hai ! kisI bhI hAlata meM puruSa kI adhikAra-bhAvanA kama nahIM hotI dIkhatI / jaivI (Biological) suvidhA aura zakti to use prApta hai hI, isake sahAre usane apane liye surakSita paramparA kA bhI nirmANa kara liyA hai, jisakI Aja bAta-bAta para duhAI dI jAtI hai / jainendra mAnate haiM ki jaba taka sahayoga ke mAnavIya dharAtala para hamArI cetanA kA pariSkAra nahIM hotA, jIvana kI gAr3I sahaja aura svAbhAvika rIti se nahIM cala sktii| yaha saba nArI ke prati rUr3ha dRSTikoNa meM parivartana se hI saMbhava hai| dRSTikoNa meM parivartana kI yaha samasyA naitika aura manovaijJAnika nahIM to kyA hai ? ___ mAnavI prema kI bhUkhI hai, paise kI nhiiN| isaliye mRNAla kA yaha kahanA ki vaha paise ke liye apanA zarIra nahIM vecegI, nirarthaka nahIM hai / jahA~ bhI thor3A prema milatA hai, vaha AkRSTa hotI hai / cAheM to Apa ise durbalatA bhI kaha sakate haiM / kucha varSoM se jainendra bhauna-se haiM / idhara unakA koI nayA upanyAsa nahIM prakAzita huA hai| phira bhI ve hamAre itane nikaTa haiM ki abhI antima rUpa se unake bAre meM kucha kahanA muzkila hai| jainendra-premacanda aura atyAdhunika 'vAdI' (manovijJAnavAdI, yathArthavAdI,

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------- ." Aan 162 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva samAjavAdI prAdi) aupanyAsikoM ke bIca kI mahattvapUrNa kar3I haiM / premacanda jaisA jIvana se gaharA samparka to janendra meM hai hI, atyAdhunika aupanyAsikoM kI vizleSaNAtmaka gaharAI aura taTasthatA bhI unameM hai / atyAdhunika aupanyAsikoM ko anubhUti se adhika pustakIya jJAna kA sahArA hai, manuSya se adhika sUtroM aura siddhAntoM meM vizvAsa hai / lekina janendra inake ina guNoM ko nahIM grahaNa kara sake haiM / janendra kI preraNA kA AdhAra vaicitrya aura vaividhya se pUrNa jIvana hI rahA hai, ArTa pepara para chapI huI sunahalI jildavAlI pustakoM kA moha unheM kabhI na rahA / yaha cIja unheM premacanda se virAsata meM milI hai / 'godAna' taka Ate-pAte premacanda kI dRSTi siddhAnta se haTakara pUrNatayA manuSya para jA TikI thii| premacanda kI vyApakatA aura vistAra jainendra meM prA kara ghanA aura gaharA ho gayA hai| prathama zreNI kI pratibhA sadA jIvana se sIdhe preraNA grahaNa karatI AI hai| nirmita vastu se nirmANa ke lie lI gaI preraNA se madhyama zreNI kI vastu kA hI nirmANa saMbhava hai / isakA yaha artha nahIM ki aise vyakti pustakIya jJAna se lAbha nahIM uThAte / para aisoM ke lie pustakeM jaba-taba vyavahAra meM Ane vAle zabdakoSa kA kAma karatI haiM, prAdhAra-grantha kA nahIM / kucha Azcarya nahIM yadi saste 'noToM' ke isa yuga meM mUla graMthoM kI mAMga kama ho gaI ho, anubhUti kI apekSA kalpanA (fancy) ko. pramANapatra mila rahA ho ! jainendra ne samAja ko sirpha dekhane aura usameM paiThane kA hI prayatna nahIM kiyA hai, balki anubhUta satya ke sAra ko grahaNa kara usa para cintana bhI kiyA hai, sAmane pAI samasyAoM ke mUla kI bhI khoja kI hai / yahI jainendra kI maulikatA hai| yaha maulikatA hI unheM durbodha (jaisA kucha AlocakoM kA AkSepa hai) banA detI hai, kyoMki maulikatA hamAre AlocakoM kI najara meM sabase bar3A aparAdha hai ! yadi jainendra jI koI ghoSaNApatra prakAzita kara deM, to aise AlocakoM ko santoSa hogaa| jainendra kI ye labdhiyAM sAdhAraNa nahIM haiM / unakI ullekhanIya truTi eka hI hai-jise kisI adhika upayukta zabda ke abhAva meM maiM 'hicaka' kahatA hai / jainendra ne jina samasyAoM ko apane hAtha meM liyA hai, ve yadyapi naitika haiM, phira bhI nItivAdI prakaTa rUpa se apane ko unase bacAte rahe haiM / naitika vAtAvaraNa meM pale jainendra ko bhI thor3A saMkoca hai hI--yadyapi unakA kalAkAra unheM cupa baiThane nahIM detaa| saMkoca kI kSINa chAyA unake cintana aura unakI kalA-donoM para hai / isIliye unakI kalA kA pUrNa aura nikharA huA rUpa zAyada bhaviSya ke garbha meM hai| ___kyA jainendra mauna bhaMga kareMge ? rahasyamayatA ko prazraya dene ke liye nahIM, usake AvaraNa ko haTA kara prakAza kI kiraNeM bikherane ke liye /

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ramezacandra gupta ema. e. jainendra jI ke sAhityasiddhAnta jainendra jI hindI ke eka praur3ha sAhityakAra ke rUpa meM lagabhaga pichalI tIna dazAbdiyoM se apanI vibhinna racanAoM dvArA sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi kara rahe haiM / unake sAhityika vyaktitva ke darzana hameM tIna rUpoM meM milate haiM - upanyAsakAra, kahAnIkAra, nibandhakAra | ina tInoM rUpoM meM unhoMne apane sAhitya kA nirmAraNa darzana evaM manovijJAna ke Aloka meM kiyA hai / hindI kA koI anya kalAkAra isa dRSTi se unake samakakSa nahIM ThaharatA / dArzanikatA se anusyUta hone ke kAraNa jainendra jI kA sAhitya saralatApUrvaka samajha meM thAne kI vastu nahIM hai / aura zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki unake sAhitya kI paryApta samAlocanA bhI abhI nahIM ho pAI hai / yoM isa dizA meM svatantra pustakeM athavA sphuTa lekha samaya-samaya para prakAzita avazya hote rahe haiM, kintu abhI isa ora dhyAna dene kI AvazyakatA barAbara banI huI hai / prastuta nibandha meM hamane hindI ke isa prabuddha vicAraka kI sAhityika mAnyatAoM para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / koI bhI praur3ha sAhityakAra eka nizcita jIvana-darzana kA pratipAdana karane ke sAtha-sAtha sAhitya-sRjana ke sambandha meM kucha viziSTa siddhAntoM kA samarthaka hotA hai / pratipAdya viSaya evaM abhivyaMjanA-zailI ke sambandha meM usakI nijI mAnyatAe~ hotI haiM | sAhitya ke vibhinna aMgoM ke sambandha meM apanI ina viziSTa dhAraNAoM ko dRSTi meM rakha kara hI vaha apanI racanAoM kA nirmANa karatA hai / ataH kisI sAhityakAra ke kRtitva kA mUlyAMkana karate samaya hameM usake sAhitya - siddhAntoM se paricita rahanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai | sAhityakAra kI antardRSTi se aparicita hone para pramAtA usake prAzaya ko grahaNa karane meM bhUla kara sakate haiM / ata: jainendra jI ke sAhitya-siddhAntoM kA yaha Akalana unake pAThakoM kI bodha-vRtti ko pariSkRta karane meM nizcaya hI sahAyaka siddha hogA / kahAnI - upanyAsa lekhana aura prAcAryatva meM kramaza: bhAva-tattva aura vicAratattva pramukha hone ke kAraNa bar3A antara hai / sAhitya ke siddhAnta-nirdhAraNa kA sambandha anivAryataH zrAcAryatva se hI hai / ' jainendra jI apane mUla rUpa meM prAcArya yA 1. dekhie, 'Adhunika hindI kaviyoM ke kAvya-siddhAnta' (DA0 surezacandra gupta, pu020)

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164 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva mAlocaka na hokara kahAnI - upanyAsakAra haiM / yadyapi unhoMne nibandha-sAhitya kI racanA bhI kI hai, tathApi usameM sAmAjika, rAjanItika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika nibandha adhika haiM, sAhityika kama / isI kAraNa unhoMne sAhitya siddhAntoM ke sambandha meM vistRta evaM vyavasthita rUpa se vicAra nahIM kiyA hai| phira bhI, prakIrNa rUpa se milane vAlI vicAradhArA ko kramabaddha rUpa meM saMgrathita karake jainendra jI ke tadviSayaka vicAroM se avagata avazya huA jA sakatA hai / jainendra jI ke ina vicAroM kA nijI mahattva hai / unhoMne AnuSaMgika rUpa meM jo kucha likhA hai, usakA anuzIlana bhI kama upAdeya nahIM hai / (1) sAhitya kA pratipAdya jainendra jI hindI ke dArzanika sAhityakAra hai / jaina dharma ke anuyAyI hone ke kAraNa ve ahiMsAvAdI haiM / gAMdhIvAda kA bhI una para vyApaka prabhAva hai / isa prakAra karuNA evaM ahiMsAmUlaka darzana mAnane ke kAraNa ve mAnava mAtra kI sadavRttiyoM ko jAgrata karane vAle sAhitya sraSTA haiM / sAhitya meM bhI unhoMne inhIM sadvRttiyoM para bala dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vastutaH karuNA, dayA, kSamA prAdi manobhAva kisI vyakti athavA yuga - vizeSa kI sampatti na hokara jIvana ke zAzvata mUlya haiM / ataH jainendra jI kI dRSTi meM ina udAtta evaM sthAyI bhAvoM kA pratipAdana karane vAlA sAhitya hI zreSTha hai - "jo sAhitya jitanA hI una bhAvanAoM ko vyakta karatA hai jo saba deza-kAla ke manuSyoM meM eka samAna haiM, vaha utanA hI cira sthAyI hai / aisA vahI kara sakatA hai, jisane apanA grahaM samaSTi meM kho diyA hai / " isa grahaM bhAvanA ke samApta ho jAne ko hI jainendra jI ne jIvana kI satyatA mAnA hai / unake anusAra kavi athavA sAhityakAra graha-zUnya hokara hI satya ko " hama manuSya-samAja kI saccI sevA svayaM saccA manuSya bana kara kara sakate | aura zrahaM - zUnya ho jAne se bar3I satyatA kyA hai ? kavi bhI svayaM ekAkI ( ahaM - zUnya ) hotA hai, sampradAya se vihIna hotA hai / ' vAraNI pradAna karatA hai 112 jainendra jI sAhitya ko jIvana kI vyAkhyA mAna kara cale haiN| jIvana se dUra raha kara kevala prAdarza citroM kA nirmAraNa unheM abhipreta nahIM rahA / sAhitya ko samAja zraura jIvana kA pratibimba mAnane vAle vidvAnoM se pUrNataH mahamata hote huye nibhrAnta zabdoM meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki, "nahIM, saba sAhitya nahIM hai (manuSya) dhIme-dhIme bhASA kA mahattva bhUlane lagA / jo Atma-dAna kA sAdhana thA, vaha grAtmavaMcanA kA vAhana banA / vyakti usameM mAnava se adhika apanA ahaMkAra unhoMne * vah ... 1. 'sthAyI aura ucca sAhitya' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pR0 336 ) 2. 'sAhitya kI sacAI' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 70)

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jainendra jI ke sAhitya-siddhAnta 165 gujArane lagA / jahA~ yaha hai, vahA~ bhASA kA vyabhicAra hai| vaisA likhanA kevala likhanA hai / vaha sAhitya nahIM hai|' ____eka anya lekha meM yuga ke pratinidhi sAhitya para vicAra karate hue unhoMne likhA hai----'ina samasyAyoM ko jo sAhitya Age nahIM letA vaha apane kartavya se giratA hai aura pratinidhi sAhitya nahIM ho sakatA / "2 spaSTa hai ki jainendra jI ko jIvana se anapekSita rahane vAle sAhitya kI kalpanA mAnya nahIM hai / upanyAsakAra premacanda kI bhAMti unhoMne bhI jIvana ko sAhitya ke prAdhAra-rUpa meM mAnate hue use 'jIvana kI AlocanA' ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| (2) sAhitya kA uddezya jainendra jI ne sAhitya kA uddezya manoraMjana ko na mAnakara jIvana ke satya kI khoja ko mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki, "antima satya kA jitanA mArmika udghATana jisa racanA dvArA mujhe mile , utanA hI adhika maiM usake prati kRtajJa hotA huuN|... 'satyAnusandhAna kI isa vRtti ko lekha meM pahale khojatA huuN|'' vastutaH satya kA pratipAdana karane vAle vyakti kI sabhI mAnasika ulajhaneM anAyAsa hI samApta ho jAtI haiM / isI kAraNa jainendra jI ne sAhitya-sRjana dvArA prApta hone vAlI mAnasika zAnti kI ora saMketa karate hue sAhitya ke zreya ke sambandha meM likhA hai . "sAhitya kA pahalA zreya hai jIvana kA lAbha / apanI aMtaraMgatA kI svIkRti aura prApti, apane bhItara ke vigraha kI zAnti, ulajhA kI samApti aura vyaktitva kI uttarottara ekatritatA / "4 jainendra jI ne sAhitya kA eka anya uddezya mAnA hai 'mAnava-mana ko udAtta banAnA / yadi sAhitya hamAre mithyA rAga-dveSa se jar3IbhUta mana ko mukta karake vizuddha grAnanda-loka meM magna nahIM karatA to vaha saccA sAhitya nahIM hai-"jo hamAre bhItara kI athavA kisI ke bhItara kI ruddha vedanA ko, piMjara-baddha bhAvanAoM ko rUpa dekara prakAza ke prakAza meM mukta nahIM karatA hai, jisameM apane 'sva' kA sevana hai aura dAna nahIM hai, vaha bhI sAhitya nahIM hai / "5 sAhitya kI isa mahatA ko prAcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne bhI apane sAhitya-nirmANa kA lakSya' zIrSaka lekha meM isa prakAra svIkAra kiyA hai- 'sAhitya isalie bar3A nahIM hai ki usameM gadya, padya, chanda, kathA, kahAnI 1. 'sAhitya aura sAdhanA' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pR0 74) 2. 'pratiniyitva yA unnayana' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pRSTha 57) 5. 'kucha vicAra' (premacanda), pRSTha 6 tathA 73 4. mere sAhitya kA zreya aura preya' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 18.) 5. 'sthAyI aura ucca sAhitya' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 333)

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166 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva hotI hai, balki isalie bar3A hai ki vaha manuSya ko unnata aura vizAla banAtA hai / '' isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jainendra jI ke mata meM sAhitya kA mUla lakSya mAnava kI vRttiyoM kA unayana karanA hai / ve sAhitya meM kalAtmakatA kI mahattA svIkAra karane ke sthAna para aise bhAvoM kA saMyojaka prAvazyaka mAnate haiM, jinase isa lakSya kI siddhi ho sake / unheM sAhitya ke isa zubha uddezya meM pUrI AsthA bhI hai......"bhASA cAhe jaisI ho, bhAvanA aura zailI cAhe jaisI ho, vyAkaraNa kA pariSkAra bhI na ho, kintu vaha jIvana kI, hRdaya kI, cIz2a z2arUra ho / vaha hamArI kamajoriyoM kI dIvAra meM jharokhe paidA kara de jisameM zuddha havA Ane-jAne laga jAya / bImAra ke lie svaccha havA kaise hAnikAraka hai ? manuSya-manuSya ke bIca meM jo dIvAreM khar3I kara dI gaI haiM, sAhitya unameM khir3akiyA~ khola degaa|" (3) sAhitya aura ImAnadArI sAhitya-sRjana ke samaya jainendra jI ne ImAnadArI kI rakSA ko bhI Avazyaka batAyA hai / ImAnadArI kA abhiprAya hai anubhUti kI amizrita abhivyakti / arthAt hama apane bhAvoM ko sahaja rUpa meM abhivyakta kara deM; bhAvoM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke liye kalpanA kA prAzraya to leM, para usI meM Duba na jAyaM; kalA ke prasAdhana meM hI na lage raheM / yadi hama aisA kareMge to pAThaka mUla bhAva ko grahaNa karane ke sthAna para bAhyasauMdarya taka hI sImita raha jaayegaa| isI kAraNa jisa racanA meM kevala bhASA, chanda aAdi ke kalAtmaka saundarya para hI dhyAna diyA gayA ho, use jainendra jI sAhitya kI koTi meM nahIM mAnate-"nahIM, saba sAhitya nahIM hai| -- vaha (manuSya) dhIme-dhIme bhASA kA mahattva bhUlane lgaa| jo prAtma-dAna kA sAdhana thA, vaha aAtma-vaMcanA kA vAhana banA / vyakti usameM bhAvanA se adhika apanA ahaMkAra gujArane lagA / jahA~ yaha hai, vahA~ bhASA kA vyabhicAra hai / vaisA likhanA kevala likhanA hai / vaha sAhitya nahIM hai| kevala saiddhAMtika rUpa meM nahIM, varana vyAvahArika rUpa meM bhI jainendra jI ne isa prAdarza ko svIkAra kiyA hai / apane racanAtmaka sAhitya kI isI vizeSatA kI ora iMgita karate hue unhoMne likhA hai- 'apane ligvane meM maiMne yahI kiyA hai / dekhe yA bhagate tattva ko liyA hai, apanI bhAvanA kA use mela diyA hai aura kalpanA se gar3ha kara 1. 'hamArI sAhityika samasyAeM (prAcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI), pRSTa 63 2. "mAhityakAra Apake khyAla kI duniyA ko sApha rakhatA hai |". 'jIvana aura sAhitya' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha F4) 3. 'sAhitya aura sAdhanA' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 75) 4. 'sthAyI aura ucca sAhitya' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 333)

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167 jainendra jI ke sAhitya-siddhAnta phira sabako aise prastuta kara diyA hai ki jijJAsA khule aura sahAnubhUti phaile / '' / jainendra jI sAhityakAra ko matAgraha se dUra rahane kA upadeza dete haiM / isa saMbaMdha meM unakA mata hai ki, "sAhitya-racanA meM.matAgraha ko sthAna na hogA / prAgraha jitanA hai, yA jitanA tItra hai, racanA utanI nikRSTa hai / eka mata ke aAgraha meM dUsare mata kA anAdara samAyA hai / yaha eka vikRta vRtti hai aura asAMskRtika hai, phalataH sAhitya se viparIta hai / "2 vastutaH yaha ThIka bhI hai / kisI mata-vizeSa kI ora prAgraha hone ke kAraNa sAhitya sraSTA apane bhAvoM kA svatantra pratipAdana karane meM asamartha rahatA hai / yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki sAmAjika prANI hone ke kAraNa lekhaka vibhinna matoM se pUrNataH aprabhAvita to nahIM raha sakatA, para jainendra jI kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki ina matoM ke prabhAva se adhika se adhika jitanA bacA jA sake, utanA hI zreyaskara hai / matAgraha se prerita hokara hama jo bhI likhege, vaha hamArI apanI vastu na hogI / vaha hamAre mana kA saccA pratinidhitva karane meM asamartha hogI; jabaki sAhitya aura kucha na hokara kRtikAra ke mana kA pratibimba mAtra hai---"sAhitya sAhityika kI AtmA ko vyakta karatA hai / sAhitya aura sAhityika ina donoM meM vaisA pArthakya nahIM hai, jaisA ki halavAI aura miThAI meM hotA hai / racanAkAra aura racanA-kRti meM aikya kA atyanta ghaniSTha sambandha hai| isaliye Apa yaha nirapavAda mAna lIjie ki acche sAhitya kA kartA acchA hI hotA hai / sAhitya kRtikAra ke mana kA pratibimba hai|''3 ataH lekhaka ko yahI cAhiye ki vaha aAvazyaka matoM kI ora jhukane ke sthAna para apane mana kI nizchala abhivyakti karane kA hI prayAsa kare- "samUce jIvana ko nizchala bhAva se apanAne aura prAkalana karane kI taiyArI jina zabdoM meM nahIM hai, unameM sAhitya ke ratha ko aTakAne se kAma nahIM clegaa|" yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki jainendra jI kI bhAMti kavivara dinakara ne bhI sAhityakAra kI ImAnadArI para itanA hI bala diyA hai / kavi ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue unake dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA yaha mata jainendra ke hI anurUpa hai-'kavi ke lie jo prathama aura antima bandhana ho sakatA hai, vaha kevala itanA hI hai ki kavi apane Apake prati pUrNa rUpa se ImAnadAra rahe / '5 1. 'maiM aura merI kalA' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pRSTha 327) 2. 'maa| kyA : saMgharSa ki samanvaya ?' zIrSaka lekha (mAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 134) 3. sAhitya kA zreya aura preya (jainendra), pRSTa 347-38 / 4. 'samAlocana ke mAna badaleM' zIrSaka legya (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pRSTha 14) 5. miTTI kI ora (dinakara), pR0 132 /

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva (4) sAhitya meM zrAdarza aura yathArtha sAhityakAra apanI racanA meM jIvana ke jisa svarUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai, u kA eka prAdhAra to usakI kalpanA meM rahatA hai aura dUsarA jagat kI yathArtha bhUmi meM / vAstavika jIvana ko apane manovAMchita stara taka lAne ke prayAsa meM use kalpanA kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| jIvana 'jaisA hai' aura 'jaisA honA cAhiye' inheM hama kramazaH yathArtha aura Adarza kahate haiM / sAhitya meM inameM se kisI kI bhI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI / vastutaH ina donoM meM virodha na hokara Antarika sAmaMjasya hai / AdarzavAda kI preraNA kA AdhAra yathArtha hI hai / yadi usameM jIvana kI vAstavikatA kA aMza na hogA to hama aise prAdarza ko prApta karane ke lie vyAkula hI kyoM hoMge ? ataH kalpanA kA raMga car3hAye binA jIvana kA yathAtathya citraNa yathArthavAda hai aura kalpanA ke sparza se usakA sAfa-sutharA svarUpa hai prAdarzavAda / / jainendra jI ne sAhitya meM AdarzavAda aura yathArthavAda ke pratipAdana para aneka lekhoM meM vicAra kiyA hai| yathArtha varNana yadyapi jIvana kI ghRNA, kutsA aura nyUnatAoM ko ubhArane kA prayAsa karatA hai, kintu hamAre pAlocaka vicAraka kA spaSTa mata hai ki kevala isI kAraNa sAhityakAra yathArtha se muMha nahIM mor3a sakatA / unake anusAra, 'Aja kA manuSya sundara se adhika bIbhatsa ke nikaTa hai, isalie sAhitya ko bhI adhikAra nahIM ki vaha sundara ke nikaTa jAya / use bIbhatsa ko utanI hI pUrI taraha sthAna denA hogA, jitanA ki usane vartamAna jIvana meM le rakhA hai / jisako dekhakara glAni hotI hai, jugupsA aAtI hai| usa sabame bhI bacanA nahIM hogaa| sAtha hI yathArtha kI anivAryatA kA pratipAdana karate bhI hue jainendra jI AdarzavAda kA virodha nahIM karate / "jo sAdhAraNatayA aA~khoM se nahIM dIkhatA, nahIM dIgva sakatA, sAhitya kI pahu~ca kalpanA dvArA vahAM bhI ho jAtI hai / "2 ina zabdoM meM unhone isI tathya kI svIkAra kiyA hai| inhIM vicAroM ko unhoMne apane eka anya lekha meM isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai...... "sAhitya jyoM kA tyoM bAjArI duniyAM ke pratibimba ko aMkita karane ke liye nahIM hai / isa dRSTi se sAhitya viziSTatara hai, yaha viziSTatA usakI maryAdA bhI hai / sAhitya ke nAyaka aura pAtra duniyA ke AdamI kI tulanA nahIM kara sakate / "3 aAdarzavAdI vicAradhArA kI svIkRti ke sambandha meM unakI ye paMktiyA~ bhI draSTavya haiM-"Adarza kI preraNA ko koI romAMTika kahe to mujhe Apatti nahIM / .... 'jo ekadama vAstavikatA meM lipta hai. phira cAhe vaha kitanA 1. pratinidhitva yA unnayana (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 57-58) 2. 'dUdha yA zarAba' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 70) 3. 'Alovaka ke prati', zIrSaka lekha, (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 106)

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jainendra jI ke sAhitya-siddhAnta 169 bhI bar3A AdamI mAnA jAtA ho ...''saphala upanyAsa nahIM likha sakatA / ekadama jarUrI hai ki vaha kucha abodha bhI ho, misTika ho|' __ yathArtha aura Adarza ke sambandha meM jainendra jI kI mAnyatAeM prathama darzana meM virodha-grasta-sI dikhAI detI haiM / aisA lagatA hai ki ve kabhI to yathArtha ko mahatva dekara grAdarza kA tiraskAra kara rahe haiM aura kabhI isake viparIta / udAharaNArtha unake eka hI lekha ke ye do virodhI vicAra lie jA sakate haiM---- (a) "agara yaha saca hai ki ziznodara samasyA hamAre jIvana para vyApI huI hai, to usase baca kara kisI sAhitya ko naitikatA kI ora nahIM bhAganA hogaa| palAyana vRtti meM sAhitya kA azubha hai / sAhasa ke sAtha yathArtha kI saba kadarya jaghanyatAnoM kA sAmanA karanA hogA / aura sAhitya vahI hai, jo yathArtha kA saccA aksa utAra kara hameM peza karatA hai / '' (A) "vaha kaisA sAhitya, jo vyakti ke Age darpaNavat pAkara use asamartha aura hIna dikhAtA hai / jo vartamAna kI truTiyoM para itanA dhyAna detA hai ki bhaviSya kI paripUrNatAoM ko projhala kara detA hai / isalie sAhitya ko kSaNika aura kRtrima yathArtha kI tarapha pITha dekara, balki usa para pAMva dekara, Adarza ke citragA kI pora hI uThanA hogaa| kintu, vAstava meM aisA nahIM hai / kabhI eka athavA dUsare para balAbala hote hue bhI jainendra jI kA antima mata yahI rahA hai ki sAhitya meM grAdarza aura yathArtha donoM kI samAna mahattA hai| inameM se kisI kA bhI tiraskAra nahIM ho sktaa| 'buddhi' aura 'A~kha' ko Adarza ke tathA 'para' ko yathArtha ke pratIka rUpa meM grahaNa karate hue unhoMne inake sAmaMjasya para hI bala diyA hai-"hama jo eka sAtha buddhi , aA~kha aura paira ke svAmI haiM, kyA paira kA tiraskAra kareM ? hamAre vyaktitva kI zarta yahI hai ki hama ina tInoM avayavoM meM virodha-bhAva na paidA hone deM aura unheM paraspara ke prati nibAhane rheN.|'4 (5) sAhitya aura bhASA-zailI / jainendra jI bhASA ko svAbhAvika banAye rakhane para bala dete haiM / unakI svIkArokti hai ki "maiM apane likhane meM svairAcAra ke doSa se mukta nahIM huuN| jo zabda prAyA 1. 'upanyAsa meM vAstavikatA' zArSaka lekha, (mAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pR0 157) 2. 'praninidhitva yA unnayana' zIrSaka lekha, (mAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR058) 3 'pratinidhitva yA unnayana' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 5.6) 4. dha yA zarAba zIrSaka legya (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR066)

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200 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva maiMne svIkAra kiyA hai aura vAkya jaisA banA banane diyA / " "athavA bar3hiyApana kA lAlaca pAkara maiM kRtrima bhASA pAThaka ko kaise dU~ ? yadi maiM pUre rUpa meM pariSkRta nahIM haM to yaha merA aparAdha hai, para jo hU~, vahI raha kara maiM pAThaka ke samakSa kyoM na jAU~ ? vastuta: jainendra jI kA bhASA kI svAbhAvikatA para bala denA ThIka bhI hai| jisa samaya sAhityakAra apane bhAvoM kI abhivyakti karatA hai, usa samaya vaha yaha nahIM socatA ki maiM kisa prakAra ke zabdoM kA cayana karU~ yA kisa prakAra kA vAkya-vinyAsa karU~ ? yadi vaha aisA socegA to bhAvAvega kI sthiti samApta hone kA bhaya banA rhegaa| prataH sAhitya-sRjana ke viziSTa kSaNoM meM sAhityakAra ko bhASA ke pariSkAra kI cintA na karake use svAbhAvika rUpa meM hI grahaNa karanA cAhie / "vaha bhASA daridra hai jo jindagI kA mAtha dene kI bajAya usa para savArI kasatI hai / ''3 isa zabdoM meM jainendra jI ne isI mata kI puSTi kI hai| zabda kI tIna zaktiyoM-abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA-meM se janendra jI ne sAhitya-racanA meM tInoM kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA hai / "bhAva. usameM se pAThaka ko aisA sIdhA mile ki bIca meM hone ke lie kahIM bhASA kA astitva rahA hai, yaha taka use na anubhava ho|" kaha kara unhoMne eka ora to abhidhA kI anivAryatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, aura dUsarI ora nimnastha uddharaNoM meM lakSaNA-vyaMjanA kI mahattA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai (a) 'sundara gadya kA saundarya zabdArtha meM nahIM hotA / zabda ke artha taka jo rahatA hai, adhikAMza meM vaha gadya vicAraNIya nahIM bntaa| rojamarrA kI bola-cAla kI bAta ko kauna mana taka letA hai ?''5 (grA) "sAhitya kI bhASA kabhI sIdhe nahIM, sadA vyaM janA dvArA hI apanA abhiprAya detI hai| yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki vahA~ bhASA kaha kara itanA nahIM kahatI, jitanA anakahA chor3a kara kahatI hai / 6 (i) "kisI racanA meM prasAda aura vyaMgya kA na honA bahuta kharAba hai-yadi merI racanAoM meM usakA abhAva hai, to maiM ise acchA nahIM mAnatA / " 1. 'maiM aura merI kalA' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 326) 2. 'Alocaka ke prati' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 107) 3. 'maiM aura merI kalA' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 326) 4. 'gadya vikAsa aura kathA upanyAsa' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pR0 147) 5. 'gadya vikAsa aura kathA upanyAsa' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 145) 6. 'gadya vikAsa au kathA upanyAsa' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 145) 7. 'vividha' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 359)

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102 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva pUrNAdhikAra nahIM hai-yaha anubhUti lekhaka ke lie bahuta upayogI hai| yaha anubhUti hone para bhApA kI bahAra dikhAne kA pralobhana usa para savAra na hogA aura vaha vinamra hI rhegaa|" (6) sAhitya aura kalAtmakatA--- ___ kisI bhI sAhityika kRti ke mUlyAMkana ke lie hameM do bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai--bhAva pakSa evaM kalA pakSa / bhAva-pakSa kA sambandha sAhitya kI AtmA se hai aura kalA pakSa usakA zarIra hai / ina donoM meM bhAva pakSa kA mahattva nizcaya hI adhika hai / yadi hamAre pAsa sazakta bhAva haiM, to hama kalAtmaka parisajjA ke abhAva meM bhI unakI prabhAvakArI abhivyakti kara skeNge| isake viparIta yadi hamAre bhAva hI nahIM hoMge to hama mAtra kalA ke bala para pramAtA ko adhika dera taka AkRSTa nahIM kara pAe~ge / isI kAraNa jainendra jI bhI bhAvAbhivyakti meM kalA kI pramukhatA (TekanIka) ko koI sthAna nahIM dete / unake anusAra- 'zarIra-zAstra-vid hue binA bhI jaise prema ke bala se mAtA-pitA bana kara zizu-sRSTi kI jA sakatI hai, vaise hI binA 'TekanIka' kI madada ke sAhitya sirajA jA sakatA hai / "2 yahI nahIM, unhoMne 'TekanIka' ko 'apane andara kA divAlA' mAnate hue yahA~ taka kaha diyA hai ki 'sAhityazAstra ko binA jAne bhI sAhityika banA jA sakatA hai / aura zAyada acchA sAhityika bhI huA jA sakatA hai| isameM sAhitya-zAstra kI avajJA nahIM hai, sAhitya ke tattva kI pratiSThA hI hai / 4 prastuta prasaMga meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki bhAvoM ke prAbalya kI sthiti meM abhivyakti kI kalAtmakatA svayaM A jAtI hai / kalA koI prAropita vastu na hokara satsAhitya kA prAkRta guNa hai / pratibhA evaM vyutpatti ke kAraNa sAhityakAra ko bhASA, chanda aAdi para aisA adhikAra ho jAtA hai ki vaha bhAvoM ke anukUla inakA anAyAsa saMyojana karatA calA jAtA hai| usake sAhitya meM ina donoM kA pArthakya nahIM rahatA / vahA~ kalA bhAvoM ko sthAyitva pradAna karane ke lie hI pAtI hai| aisA sAhitya hI cirasthAyI kahalAtA hai-'zarIra aura AtmA kI ekatA, jisameM jitanI siddha huI hai vaha utanA cirajIvI sAhitya hai, yAnI jisameM yadi zarIra hai to mAtra AtmA ko dhAraNa karane ke lie hai|"5 1. 'lekhaka kI kaThinAiyo' zIrSaka lekha (mAhitya kA zreya aura praya, pR0 265) 2. 'sthAyI aura ucca-sAhitya zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 335) 3. sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 356 4. 'sAhitya kI sacAI' zIrSaka lekha, (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 76) 5. 'sthA pI aura ucca sAhitya' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA aMga aura preya, pR0 :36)

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jinendra jI ke sAhitya-siddhAnta 203 niSkarSa - jainendra jI ke sAhitya - siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke anantara yaha sthira karanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki unakI sAhitya-dRSTi vyavahArika dRSTi se kitanI upayogI hai ? isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama dekhate haiM ki janendra jI ne jina siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, ve mAtra siddhAnta kathana taka hI sImita na hokara unake anubhUta haiM / apanI racanAoM meM unhoMne inakA sarvatra pAlana kiyA hai / AlocanA kI apekSA prAya: kahAnI - upanyAsoM athavA anya prakAra ke vaicArika nibandhoM taka hI sImita rahane ke kAraNa yadyapi jainendra jI ne vibhinna sAhitya - siddhAntoM kI vistRta aura gahana vivecanA nahIM kI hai, tathApi unake dvArA sUtra rUpa meM prastuta kiye gae vicAra bhI apane Apa meM pUrNa vyavasthita haiM / unameM bhrAnti athavA praviveka ke lie sthAna nahIM hai / yahA~ isa bAta kA saMketa karanA anAvazyaka na hogA ki jainendra jI ne racanA ke bAhya svarUpa kI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana karane vAle prAcIna mAnadaNDoM kA virodha kiyA hai / nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM unhoMne isI zrAvazyakatA para bala dete hue sAmayika AlocakoM se isakI pratyAzA karate hue likhA hai - "aba hamAre AlocanA ke mAnoM ko gahare jAne kI z2arUrata hai / zarIra kI nApa-jokha ho, lekina usI hada taka jahA~ taka vaha prAtmatatva taka pahu~cane meM sahAyaka ho / vaha grAlocanA, jo zarIra kA vyavaccheda karatI aura usI meM guNa-doSa, sundaratA asundaratA, saphalatA-asaphalatA kA nirNaya dekhatI hai, saccI nahIM hai / pAMDityapUrNa to vaha ho sakatI hai, jIvana-saMvarddhaka vaha nahIM ho sakatI / "" ina paMktiyoM meM jainendra jI ne grAja ke kalAvAdI Alocaka ko spaSTa cunautI dI hai / aura yaha ThIka bhI hai| sAhitya aura kucha hone kI apekSA sabase pahale hRdaya J kI vastu haiM / kalA athavA nIti kI dRSTi se usakA mUlyAMkana vyartha hai / jisa racanA sAhityakAra ke mana kA jitanA svaccha prativimba hai, vaha utanI hI sazakta hai / zrataH Aja isa bAta kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai ki hama AlocanA ke nape-tule mAnadaNDoM meM parivartana karake hRdaya ke mUla saMvedanoM kI dRSTi se usakA ucita mUlyAMkana kareM / 1. 'samIkSA samanvayazIla ho' zIrSaka lekha (sAhitya kA zreya aura preya, pR0 138)

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bAlamukunda mizra praznAnta, sukhAnta, dukhAnta se nirveda : jainendra sarvazrI rAmanareza tripAThI aura sudarzana kI rocaka kRtiyA~ bacapana se sAhitya kI ora mujhe AkarSita karatI rahIM / mAdhyamika zikSA ke samaya, premacanda jI ke sAtha unake aneka pArivArika lekhaka sadasyoM ke sAtha jainendra kumAra se paricita hugrA / jainendra kA nAma (1936-37) sabase pahale 'haMsa' patrikA meM par3hA, taba ve sampAdaka sAhityakAroM ke samparka meM (1642. 47) Ane para patA calA ki vaha dillI meM rahate haiM / pro0 nagendra dvArA prAyojita dariyAgaMja kI eka gopTI meM unake darzana kiye / vyaktitva se adhika, kahIM tejI ke sAtha unakI vAgI ne mana para prabhAva DAlA-jo Aja taka sthira hai| eka dina prAnanda-lena (dariyAgaMja) meM rAha para jainendra jI ko dekhA, namaskAra kI / vaha ruka gaye / bahuta dhIre aura pyAra se bole / aisA lagA jaise mujhe khUba jAnate hoM, maiM bhI koI sAhityakAra hU~; para yaha to unakI sahaja vRtti, mahAnatA, bar3appana thaa| jainendra jI kI saMsthA 'pUrvodaya prakAzana' meM Ayojita 'zanivAra-samAja' kI aneka goSThiyoM meM unako samIpa se dekhane kA maukA milA / prAyaH vivAda ke pazcAt jainendra ke santulita vyakta vicAra hara vAra hRdaya ko sparza karate rhe| 1657 meM jainendra ke ghara para jAne kA maukA milA / kucha ajIba-sI pratItiyAM mana meM ubharIM / ikaharA-majhalA kada, tana para baniyAna aura jAMghiyA --- itanI sAdagI aura mahAn jainendra ! aisA nivAsa sthAna (! ) choTA-sA kamarA, jisake Adhe hisse meM a~dherA, jahA~ kucha sAdI-sI kursiyAM / dIvAra ke pAle meM vikhyAta videzI lekhakoM kI kRtiyA~ / eka kone meM lipaTI huI caTAI, eka choTI-sI naMgI Tebala / usI ( 204 )

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praznAnta, sukhAnta, dukhAnta se nirveda : jainendra 205 para cAya pI gaI / lagA, isa sAdagI bharI cAya meM jainendra kA pyAra bharA mahAn sneha chipA hai / usa choTI-sI gharelU dAvata meM kitanA maz2A AyA - kabhI kaha na pAU~gA / usa dina bAtacIta kucha nijI viSayoM para cala par3I / patra - pArizramika para bAta ThaharI aura jainendra kA sAhityakAra ekAdhipati manacale patra svAmiyoM ke prati surkha ho uThA / cehare para tamaka kI jhalaka ubharI aura unakA mana kahIM dUra calA gayA / jainendrajI kyA haiM ( ? ) yaha prazna hindI ke samIkSako ne aneka bAra uThAyA, para samAdhAna sadA adhUrA hI rahA / ThIka bhI hai, ve siddhahasta - vivekamaya vicArakacintaka haiM, ananta kA vicAra kabhI darzana kI sImA meM baMdha kara siddhAnta nahIM bana sakatA / unakI vicAradhArA asIma hai, saMbhavataH isIliye unake antaH bodha ko pakar3anA saMbhava hai aura AtmalAbha kA sAdhana mAtra hone ke kAraNa vahA~ grAhya-agrAhya kucha varjita nahIM hai / " ghaTanA ghaTanA hotI hai / apane Apa meM na vaha azlIla hotI hai, na ziSTa / hamArA usa ghaTanA ke sAtha kyA nAtA hai, usake prati kyA vRtti haiazlIlatA isa para nirbhara hai / " jainendra : " sAhitya aura nIti unakI dRSTi meM sukha aura tRpti koI sAhitya kA dhyeya nahIM hai / jainendra ko AlocakoM ne jitanA durUha batAyA (kiMvA banA diyA) hai, kyA ve sacamuca aise hI haiM ? merI samajha se ve ekadama anAvRta haiM / unhoMne apane viSaya meM jitanA kucha kahA hai, likhA hai- saMbhavata: sAhitya samAlocakoM ne usa para utanA 'sIriyasa' kabhI na socA hai, na samajhA hai; aura na likhA hai / " jainendra ko samajhane ke liye unakI vArtAnoM, praznottaroM, nibandhoM aura katipaya rekhAcitroM kA adhyayana anivArya hai; aura isI saMdarbha meM 'sAhitya kA zreya aura preya' vicArottejaka kRti hai / svakathana hai : kalA kI sArthakatA yahI hai ki vaha baMdhanoM se uttIrNa karane vAlI ho, svaya niraMkuza ho, apane Upara baMdhana lekara nahIM cale / jainendra : 'sAhitya aura kalA' svanAmadhanya eka Alocaka varga kA dRSTikoNa hai, jainendra kI dRSTi adhyAtma zraura manovijJAna kI do virodhI zraura bhinna staroM kI mAnyatAoM ke saMgama meM gahare paiTha gaI ( vA zrojhala ho gaI ) hai ! yaha kathana bhI hRSTavya hai : "aAja kI sadI ke kalAkAra ko antataH dArzanika honA hI par3egA / ' jaoNja barnArDa zaoN jainendra darzana ke prati AsthAvAna haiM / isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki vaha kalA

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206 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ko gauNa mAnate haiN| unake darzana kI vyAra yA, unakI lekhanI se svayaM samaya-samaya para vyakta huI hai| unakA darzana praznottara meM vA nibaMdha meM jitanA vauddhika AkAra lekara avatarita huaA hai, vaha unake galpa (kathA) sAhitya meM spaSTa nahIM (aspaSTa) rahatA hai / isa aspaSTatA ke prati kucha pAlocakoM kA yAla hai, jisase jainendra ko anAyAsa Teka mila jAtI hai ki yaha usakI bhAvukatA hai, yaha usake dila aura dimAga kA dvandva hai, jisakA 'ainelezesa' usane kabhI nahIM kiyaa| isI saMdarbha meM jainendra ke prati premacaMda kA kahanA hai / 'antaH preraNA aura dArzanika saMkoca kA saMgharSa hai|" (haMsa varSa 3 saMkhyA 4) jainendra vaiyaktika manobhAvoM aura sthitiyoM ke citrakAra haiN| saMbhavataH isI pravAha meM baha jAne ke kAraNa ve sAmAjika jIvana se taTastha rahakara ( vA banakara) cale haiN| unakA vizvAsa samaSTi meM nahIM, apitu vyaSTi meM rahA hai / 'tyAga-patra' (1935) jainendra ko hindI jagata meM pahalA (prAraMbhika) upanyAsa thA--jisakA prAkAra 'laghu' thA; aura vaha bhUtapUrva cIphajaja svargIya sara ema0 dayAla kI nijI smatiyoM ke saMkalana kA saMkSipta sAra thA / 'parakha', 'tapobhUmi' (RSabhacaraNa ke sAtha saMyUkta lekhana), 'sunItA' upanyAsa pahale prakAza meM A cuke the / 'tyAga-patra' ke bAda 'kalyANI', 'sukhadA,' 'vivarta', 'vyatIta' Adi upanyAsa evaM aneka kahAniyA~ prakAza meM AI / 1656 meM jainendra kA cintanIya kathita upanyAsa 'jayavarddhana' prakAzita huaa| 'tyAga-patra' niHsaMdeha aneka dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa kRti rahI / urdU, paMjAbI, AMgla aura jarmana Adi bhASAoM meM bhI jisakA prakAzana huA / yahI vaha janendra kI kRti haiM jisakI chApa mana para aMkita huI aura mana-hI-mana meM ve mere pyAre lekhaka bana gye| 'tyAga-patra' se 'jayavarddhana' taka Ate-Ate upanyAsakAra meM vicAra aura manovizleSaNa kI UrjA-zakti kA jo bhISaNa visphoTa huA-usase 'kalA' kumhalAI, arthAt upanyAsa kI rasa-~-(mAnavIya bhAva-saMvedana) dhArA nirmala na rahakara, nirbala, unmana, zithila, azakta-sI bana gaI / jayavarddhana ke prAraMbha meM lekhaka kI 'phoTosTeTa' pratilipi meM AzaMkA prakaTa kI gaI hai| 'jayavarddhana'-kaha nahIM sakatA kitanA....... upanyAsa siddha hogaa|

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praznAnta, sukhAnta, dukhAnta se nirveda : jainendra 207 Alocaka 'jayavarddhana' ko upanyAsa koTi (zreNI) meM mAneM-na-mAneM, isase kRti ke mUla meM koI antara nahIM pAtA / 'tyAga-patra' kI taraha 'jayavarddhana' bhI amarIkI patrakAra hUsTana (vilabara zelDana hUsTana) kI nijI smRti-saMcikA (vainndinii)| (21 pharavarI se 10 apraila taka) ke pRSThoM kA vistAra hI upanyAsa ke rUpa meM parikalpita hai| Alekha tathyagata haiM, aura kathita satya ko ubhArane ke liye yatra-tatra kalpanA kA prAzraya mukta rUpa se upanyAsakAra ne grahaNa kiyA hai / dainandinI kA Alekha puSTa hai aura aupanyAsika rasa-aparipakva-sA hai / kathA kI sarasatA aura kalA kI raMgInI se mukta hai / kRti vivaraNAtmaka hai, vaha bhI antaraMgI, yAnI mana kA-jo lekhaka ke dArzanika-pana kI ora saMketa karatI hai / pAtra asaMvedanIya se haiM / indrajAlI vaicArikatA cintanIya hai / hUsTana patrakAra ke sAtha dArzanika bhI haiM, sAtha hI bhArata ke AdarzoM ke prati jisakA dRSTikoNa kucha sahAnubhUtimaya hai| dainandinI zilpa ke mAdhyama se isTana (tatvacintaka jainendra) itanI hI bAta hameM batA sake haiM, jitanI bhArata ke bAre meM rAjanItika bAteM vaha jAna pAe vA pAThaka ko kalA ke mAdhyama se batAnA cAhate haiM / hUsTana kI dRSTi painI hai, tarkamaya hai--- para kalpanA se ekadama vaha vimukta bhI nahIM hai / 'jayavarddhana' bhAratIya lokataMtra ke adhipati haiM / vyaktitva asAdhAraNa hai| sattA aura vaibhava ke bIca rahate hue mAnoM usake sparza se achate haiM / apane sthAna para haiM to karttavya-bhAvanA se aura antaHkaraNa kI pukAra kA hI unake nikaTa sabase adhika mahattva hai / aisA kahA~ loka meM pracalita hai ki sattA para jo pAsIna hai-usakA virodha na ho| jayavarddhana kA bhI ugra virodha hotA hai, kintu virodha ke prati vaha atyadhika sahiSNu haiN| virodha ko viveka se jItane kA prayAsa karate haiM / lokataMtra meM sattA usa dala ke hAtha meM rahatI hai, jisakA bahumata hotA hai, kintu jayavarddhana dalagata saMgharSa ko samApta karane kI socate haiM, tAki Apasa meM TakarAne vAlI zaktiyA~ bhI TakarAnA chor3akara samAja ke nirmANa aura vikAsa meM sahAyaka baneM / unakA vyaktitva daloM ke sahayoga meM bAdhaka hotA dikhAI detA hai, to vaha apane ko rAjya-sattA se alaga karane ke lie prastuta kara lete hai / vaha anubhava karate haiM ki unakA sthAna rAjya ke kendra meM nahIM, balki usake bAhara hai| "grAdarza samAja vaha hogA, jisameM rAjyasattA kA sampUrNa lopa ho jaayegaa|" isa aAdarza kI prApti ke liye jayavarddhana nizcaya karate haiM ki unheM sattA se haTakara prayatna karanA hogaa| jayavarddhana kisI dala se prAbaddha na hone ke kAraNa, hara vAdI ke lie saMkaTa kA kendra bana gayA / usake virodha meM pakSa-vipakSa sthApita ho gaye / rAjanIti ke

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208 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kUTacakra meM vaha 'tyAga' (balidAna) ke liye vivaza hai | 'tyAga' zraura 'balidAna' kA yaha ghoSa - kyA yaha tyAga 'balidAna' thA (?) bAta mana ko svIkAra nahIM / kyA yaha usake mana kA klevya namita samajhotA nahIM thA ( ? ) ' jayavarddhana' kA yaha samaSTigata rUpa hai / jayavarddhana kA vyaktigata rUpa hai : ilA ke prema-vyApAra kI vaidha - zravaidhatA / ilA, jo prAcArya kI kanyA hai, mAtRtva ke prabhAva meM jisakA lAlana-pAlana svAmI cidAnanda ke Azrama meM huA, usakA jayavarddhana se paricaya taba hotA hai, jabaki vaha eka sAmAnya kAryakarttA thA aura prAcArya se parAmarza karane ke liye Azrama meM AyA karatA thA / jayavarddhana ke rAjyAdhipati pada para grAsIna hone ke bAda ilA avivAhita rUpa meM usake sAtha rahane lagatI hai-- donoM sAtha rahate hue eka-dUsare ke prati atyadhika zrAkarSita hote haiM / lokApavAda uThatA hai / prAcArya kI pradarzaniSThA rAjya ke liye bhArI par3atI hai, to unheM naz2arabaMda bhI rakhA jAtA hai / anta meM pitRsneha ina donoM ke sAmAjikamilana (vivAha) ke prati udAra ho jAtA hai / ( isa prakAra vivAha para grAzIrvAda kA sampuTa prAcArya lagAte haiM) yaha milana taba saMbhava banatA hai, jaba jayavarddhana rAjyasattA se pRthak ho jAne kA nirNaya kara cukate haiM / smaraNa rahe ki jayavarddhana ilA se hI nahIM bhAgatA, apitu vaha apane se bhI bhAgatA hai ! lijA deza-sevikA ke rUpa meM upasthita huI hai / usameM rAjyasattA ke prati AkarSaNa hai| maMtrI jaya taka vaha pahu~catI hai / usake mana meM (jayavarddhana ke) apane prati mana meM saMgharSa umar3a uThatA hai / ilA kI baMdhana - sImA meM vaha Abaddha jo hai, para lijA kA AkarSaNa usa (maMtrI) ko jhakajhora jAtA hai / ilA kA rUpa to jaise usake mAtRtvapana ne hara liyA thA / ilA ko liz2A se dveSa kataI nahIM hai / ilA kA lakSya jayavarddhana hai ( usakA maMtrItva nahIM) aura antatogatvA jayavarddhana ilA se bhI kinArA kaTA letA hai / ilA ke prati indramohana bhI AkarSita hai-- para usakA citra dhuMdhalA hai / sar kI pratIta smRtiyA~, liz2A ke jIvana meM hUsTana ke avismaraNIya prasaMgoM meM sarasatA kI tarala sanasanAhaTa hai-- para tarka kA tUphAna, kamanIya bhAvukatA kI bayAra ke pA~va kahIM ThIka se Tikane nahIM detA / 3 jayavarddhana ke virodhI dala ke karaNaMdhAra haiM : AcArya (gAMdhIvAdI), svAmI cidAnanda ( pratikriyAvAdI), nAtha, liz2A ( agragAmI) aura indramohana ( zrAtaMkavAdI ) / svAmI cidAnanda ( jo sanAtana bhAratIya saMskRti ke upAsaka haiM) kI dRSTi meM jayavarddhana kA vyavahAra bhAratIya aura amAMskRtika hai | nAtha (jinakI patnI elijAvetha yUropIya hai ) apanI sazakta patnI ke vazIbhUta hai / elijAvetha ko sattA aura vaibhava

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praznAnta, sukhAnta, dukhAnta se nirveda : jainendra cAhiye / vaha jayavarddhana ke prati aAkarSita hai; aura saMgharSa kA eka trikoNa uTha khar3A hotA hai / indramohana kA citraNa rahasyamaya citrita huA hai| pAtro kI paridhi manovizleSaNa-zAstra kI navIna svIkAroktiyoM ko sazaM karatI hai, rasa-bhAva bahuta kucha tirohita hupA hai (nibandha prAkAra atyadhika ubhAra para hai) / prazaMsanIya hai, jainendra kA 'yuTopiyA'; arthAt lekhaka para vaicArikapana kA bhUta hAvI ho gayA hai, kathAkAra jainendra ko jisane daboca-sA liyA hai / __jayavarddhana meM sUkSma vicAraka vartamAna ke mUlabhUta praznoM kI gaharAI meM paiThatA dRSTigocara hotA hai / alpa manoraMjaka 'jayavarddhana' nitAnta zuSka (aura tarala bhI) nahIM hai; apitu usameM prastuta hai vicAra aura cintana (dRSTikoNa) kI paryApta sAmagrI, ki bhaviSya meM lokatantrI rAjavyavasthA kyA asaphala siddha na hogI (?), rAjya vikendrita tathA lokadharmI banakara bikhara na jAyegA (?) 'tyAga-patra' kA pramukha pAtra upanyAsa ke anta meM apanA 'tyAga-patra' peza karatA hai / jayavarddhana meM rASTrIya rAjanIti kI bhUmi para aneka vAdoM kiMvA svArthoM (daloM) ke madhya jayavarddhana kI sthiti ulajhatI hai, aura aMta meM rAja kA tyAga (dUsare zabdoM meM palAyana) usake lie sambhavataH kartavya bana jAtA hai-isa prakAra vaha ahiMsA ke (denya vimukha) mArga ko svIkAra kara 'zrAnta' sthiti kA anubhava karatA hai| * vyakti ke prati jhukAva hone ke kAraNa jainendra samakAlIna rASTrIya, jAtIya yA jana-sammata aAndolana ke acche-bure prabhAva para TIkA-TippaNI karane se vimukha haiN| hAM, vaha prANI ke hRdaya meM, sajIva dhar3akatA huaA jo 'cinmaya satya' hai, usakI saMdhAnavatti ko sAhityakAra kA kartavya mAnate haiM / bAhya dRSTi se aprabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke mahAn vicAraka (dArzanika) jainendra kI merI dRSTi meM sabase bar3I khUbI hai--praznAnta, sukhAnta, dukhAnta se vimukta unakI kalA-kRtiyA~-jinake anta meM eka virATa prazna mastiSka meM sphuTita hotA hai / kiMkartavya, cakita, matibhrama vA 'iti' para hama kyA AvAka nahIM haiM ? punazca upasaMhAra-Adhunika bhAratIya (hindI) galpa-kAdambarI ke prakhyAta pratinidhi zilpI zraddheya zrI jainendra kI sUkSma-kalA ko nApA nahIM jA sakatA, pahicAnA nahIM jA sakatA, pratIta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jAnA jA sakatA hai aura kevala prAMkA jA sakatA hai|

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zrI rAmaniraMjana 'parimalendu' jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa jainendra eka vyaktibodhI kathAkAra haiM / unameM vyaktivAda nahIM, antarvyaktimukhatA hai, vyaktibodhAtmakatA hai / unheM hindI kathA-sAhitya meM vyaktibodhavAda kA pravartaka svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| premacanda ne vyaktibodhavAda se pRthakatva sthApita kiyA / premacanda kA samAja-sApekSavAda vyakti-vAstava aura vyakti-satyoM ko samAja-vAstava kA nirIha baMdI banA detA hai| unakA sAmAjika vargavAda prabuddha vyaktibodha kI avahelanA karatA hai| jainendra ne vyaktibodhAtmaka sAmAjikatA ko prazraya diyA hai, samAjavAstava kI sAmAjikatA ko nahIM / godAnavAda jainendra kA viSaya nahIM rahA / godAna kA vAtAvaraNa aura godAna kI cAritrikatA se jainendravAda paricita nahIM hai / jainendra meM godAnavAda kI pIr3A nahIM, godAna ke bhArata kI mArmikatA nahIM; godAna kI karuNA nahIM, unameM horI-vAstava nahIM hai| jainendra kI sAmAjikatA vyakti-satyoM kI sAmAjikatA hai, premacanda kI sAmAjikatA nahIM / jainendra vyakti-satyoM ke sApekSavAdI manovizleSaNa meM apane upanyAsoM ko rakhane ke AdI haiM / jainendra vyaktisApekSa jIvana aura vyakti-sApekSa satyoM ko abhivyaMjanA-gaurava pradAna karane meM kuzala haiM / jainendra kA vyakti-sApekSavAda mUlataH antaracetanAvAda, manovizleSaNavAda athavA prabhAvavAda nahIM; vaha jainendravAda hai, vyakti kA jainendra-sApekSa satya ! jainendra kA vyakti sApekSa tattvoM meM jainendra kA cintana abhivyakta hai, vahAM jainendra kA jAgarUka nijatva bolatA hai| jainendra vyaktiparaka sImAvAdI se adhika vyakti-sApekSa haiM, vyakti-sApekSa jIvana ke cintanaparaka kathAkAra / jainendra ke upanyAsoM kI antarmukhatA meM vyakti kI antarmukhatA vyaktivAdI antarmukhatA, vyaktisApekSa antarmukhatA se jyAdA adhika jIvana kI antarmukhatA hai / jainendra aura jainendrabodha kA vyaktisApekSavAda nArI saMzliSTatA kA mAnasarovara hai / vyakti-sApekSAtmaka nArI-anviti ko prabhAvakArI, saMketAtmaka AveSTana pradAna kara jainendra ne jIvana, mRSTi aura deza kI vibhinna samasyAyoM ko Andolita karane kA suprayAsa kiyA hai / vyaktibodhAtmaka nArI-saMzliSTatA ko jainendra ne samaSTi bodhI upa ( 210 )

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa karaNa pradAna kie haiM / jainendra kI vyakti-sApekSI antarmukhatA samaSTi kA apamAna nahIM krtii| kheda hai ki sAmAjikatA kA vargIya vaiziSTya vyaSTi kA samyak udghATana nahI karatA, AdhArabhUta vyaSTi kA mUlya nirdhAraNa aura mUlya-Akalana nahIM karatA, kintu astittva ke AdhArabhUta vyakti ke antarbodhAtmaka nArI-saMdarbha meM pauruSapUrNa vyaktisApekSavAda aura avadamita rati kI vyakti-sApekSatA kA svarUpa prAkalana sAhitya ke vikAsa-Aloka meM Avazyaka azya hai| jaba vyaktibodhI cAritrikatA sAmAjikatA ke vargavAda se pIr3ita thI, jaba vaha vyakti-bodhAtmaka sAmAjika sAmAjikatA meM apanA vyaktitva khokara samAjatva kA andha pratipAdana kara rahI thI-taba sAhitya ke aitihAsika vikAsa-krama meM vyakti ke prazna lekara jainendra samAja aura sAhitya-samAja ke samakSa upasthita haye / sAhitya ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama meM jainendra premacanda kI pratikriyA hai yA premacanda ke pUraka athavA premacanda ke bAda kA nayA adhyAya-isa prazna kA nirAkaraNa vistata zodha kA viSaya hai / parantu, itanA sunizcita hai ki jainendra ne vyakti samAja ko abhivyajita kiyA hai, vyakti-samAja meM samAja-vyakti ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jainendra ne vyakti-sApekSavAda ko samiSTa-cetanA se prANapratiSThita kiyA / samaSTi. "anurUpatA ke vAtAvaraNa meM jainendra ko vyakti-cetanA Alokita hai / 'vyatIta' upanyAsa ke vyakti-sApekSavAda kI samaSTi-nirapekSatA apavAda avazya hai / hindI meM janendra kA prAgamana samaSTijanya vyakti-sApekSavAda ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM huaa| jainendra kA samaSTi vAda, premacanda ke pratikUla, jainendra ke vyakti-sApekSavAda kI dena hai / jainendra ke pratikUla premacaMda ke samaSTi vAda ne samaSTi ke Aloka meM kathAkAra premacaMda ko vyakti-nirmANa ke upakaraNa pradAna kiye / samaSTi-yaja meM premacaMda ne vyaSTi kI Ahuti de dii| jainendra ne aisA nahIM kiyaa| premacaMda meM vyaktibodhAtmaka anuttaradAyitva hai, vyaktibodhAtmaka uttaradAyitva kA ujjvala sauMdarya jainendra meM hai / jainendra kA samAjabodhaka jainendra ke vyaktibodha kI dena hai / jainendra vyaktibodhAtmaka samAjabodha ke pratipAdaka haiN| premacaMda ne samAja bodhAtmaka vyaktibodha ko hI prazraya diyaa| jainendrapratipAdita nArI-satyoM kI vyaktibodhAtmakatA jIvana-saMgati, bhAva-saMgati aura prabhAva-saMgati meM hai| vyaktibodhAtmaka nArI-satya jagendra kA viSaya hai-yA, yaha kahiye ki jainendravAdI viSaya hai / jainendravAdI nArI antazcetanA kI yathArthatA se anuprANita hai / jainendra meM nArI-satyoM kI vyaktibodhAtmakatA hai| jainendra ne nArI ke sampUrNatva ko vyakti-satyoM kI jIvana-saMgati meM grahaNa kiyA hai / jainendra ne nArI ke

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212 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva antarmukhI vyaktitva kA sUkSma adhyayana kiyA hai / nArI-caritra kA bar3I nikaTatA aura mArmikatA se adhyayana jainendra ne kiyA hai| jainendra kI nArI suprasiddha aMgrejI upanyAsakAra Dainiyala Dipho (Daniel Defor) kI maula phleMDasaM (Moll Flanders) jaisI kAmuka nahIM, kintu usa meM rati-damana kI bhAva-graMthiyA~ haiM / vaha atRpti kA kalyANIvAda hai, atRpti kA sunItAvAda / jainendravAdI nArI kI kAma-pipAsA antardvandva ke meghoM meM pracchanna hai| jainendra ne kathA-sAhitya kI nArI-bhAvanA meM eka nayA adhyAya jor3A hai, jise maiM "nArI kA jainendravAda" kahU~gA / jainendra kA nArIvAda viziSTa adhyayana kA viSaya hai / sAhitya, darzana aura manovijJAna ke viziSTa zodhakoM aura marmajJoM kA dhyAna maiM jainendra kI nArI-jainendra kA nArIvAda--kI ora AkRSTa karanA caahuuNgaa| jainendra paridhivAda ke poSaka nahIM / jainendra meM paridhi-saMkalpa-jIvana aura sAhitya kA paridhi-saMkalpa nahIM hai| jainendra ne vyakti-sattA ko svIkRta kiyA hai, vyakti-sattA ko dArzanika mAnyatA dI hai, saprANa aura jIvita mAnyatA pradAna kI hai / parantu unake kRtitva-darzana aura kRtitva-vyavahAra se yaha siddha hotA hai ki unhoMne sAmrAjyavAda kA poSaNa nahIM kiyA / jainendra kA vyaktitaMtra sAmrAjyavAda nahIM hai / piMDa meM brahmAMDa kA digdarzana karane vAle jainendra ko janazakti meM pAvana AsthA hai / janazakti tathya-sampUrNa svarAjya kA prAtmazaktipUrNa mAdhyama hai| premacaMda ke viparIta, jainendra kA mAnavatAvAda vizeSa saMvedanazIla nahIM hai / jainendra kA saMvedanAvAda tAttvika hai, tathyavAdI nahIM; manuSyatA ke bAhyAvaraNa aura itivRttAtmakatA para AdhArita nhiiN| premacaMda kA saMvedanAvAda jindagI ke aMgAroM ko cimaTe se nahIM pakar3atA / jainendra ne apanA dhyAna jindagI ke aMgAroM ke uttApa kI apekSA jindagI ke aMgAroM kI lAlI para jyAdA rakhA hai, kintu svAnubhUta jIvana ko, svAnubhUta jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM ko jainendra ne vicAra-saMdarbha meM abhivyaMjita kiyA hai / jainendra kI kathA-tAttvikatA meM sUtra-zailitA hai / unakI kathAtAttvikatA kA divya-gaurava jainendra-cintana meM hai| vicAra-sAkSAtkAra kI mArmika sannikaTatA jainendra ke kathA-saMdarbha meM anuprANita haiN| premacaMda eka horIvAdI lekhaka the / bhArata kA horIvAda premacaMda meM abhivyaMjita hamA / horI premacaMda kA bhArata hai / jainendra meM bhArata kA horIvAda nahIM hai / jainendra kA puruSa pAtra horI nahIM hai, jainandra kI nArI godAna kI dhaniyA nahIM, vaha sunItA, sukhadA, mRNAla aura kalyANI hai / horI kA godAnavAda bhArata kA eka pahalU hai, isa ora jainendra kA dhyAna nahIM gayA / isaliye, hama jainendra meM horI-anviti athavA horI saMgati nahIM pAte / horI-saMdarbha meM bhArata aura bhAratavAda ko jainendra ne nahIM dekhaa|

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 213 jainendra meM bhArata ke gA~va nahIM haiM / jainendra ke viruddha bhArata ke gA~va vAle yaha zikAyata kara sakate haiM ki jainendra ne unakI avahelanA kI hai / grAmavAdI bhArata ke premacandatva ke prati jainendra taTastha rahe haiN| jainendra ke pAtra gA~va ke kisAna nahIM haiM / magara jainendra burjuzrAvAdI lekhaka nahIM haiN| jainendra ne burjuAvAda aura pUjIvAda kI lakSmI-cAlIsA kA pArAyaNa nahIM kiyaa| jIvana ke prati jainendra kI nArI aura svayaM jainendra kA dRSTikoNa sthUla nahIM hai| jIvana ko jainendra ne sthUla rUpa se grahagA nahIM kiyaa| upanyAsakAra janendra jIvana meM sIdhe nahIM praveza karate, ve darzana kI rAha hokara jIvana meM jAte haiM / jIvana-kSetra meM jainendra cintana ke upakaraNa lekara hI jAte haiM / jainendra cintaka pahale haiM, kathAkAra bAda meM / premacaMda kathAkAra pahale haiM, cintaka bAda meM / jainendra ke lie kathAnaka sAdhana hai, sAdhya nhii| unakI ghaTanAoM meM manovizleSaNa. antazcetanA aura dArzanika lAkSaNikatA hai / jainendra eka bhAvavAdI lekhaka haiN| unhoMne jIvana ko vizeSa rUpa se bhAva-pakSa meM grahaNa kiyA hai / padArtha ko jainendra ne tattva meM rakhakara liyA hai, tathya meM nhiiN| jainendra mUlataH tattvavAdI haiM / ghaTanA-sUtra unake tattva mArga kA pAtheya hai| unakI vastu-cetanA athavA pRthvIvAda unake tattvavAda para hI AdhArita hai| jainendra ke upanyAsa socane kI prakriyA para AdhArita hai| ve apane pUre upanyAsa meM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM socate rahate haiM / socane kI sthiti jainendra kI sthiti hai, kintu jainendra ke upanyAsoM meM cintana-prakriyA kA kramika-vikAsa nahIM abhivyaMjita kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi jainendra kA kathA-tattva cintaka jainendra kA badI hai| 'kalyANI' meM cintana ko asambaddhatA hai, niyamitatA nhiiN| jainendra yuga-draSTA nahIM, bhAva-draSTA haiN| isIliye unhone jIvana ko ghaTanAsaMgati meM nahIM, bhAva-saMgati meM dekhA hai| jainendra bAhyArthavAdI nahIM haiM / ve ghaTanA-citroM aura ghaTanA-cakroM ko bhAvasaMgati aura darzana-saMdarbha meM parivezita kara dekhate haiM / premacanda kI sAmAjikatA samAja-vAstava kI sAmAjikatA hai / jainendra kI sAmAjikatA vyakti-bodhAtmaka sAmAjikatA hai, vyakti-satya paraka jIvana kI sAmAjikatA hai / vyakti-sApekSa sAmAjikatA ko janendra ne darzanamArgI nirdezana diyA hai| jainendra anaitika nahIM, unakA kathAkAra anaitika nahIM hai, kintu nItimattA kI rAmanAmI cAdara or3ha kara apane ko naitikavAdI pradarzita karane kA prayAsa, naitikavAdI upadeza, nIti-pravacana Adi dene kA prayatna bhI unhoMne nahIM kiyA / isalie bhI

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214 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ve buddhicettAoM kA mArmika bhAva-preSaNAtmaka saMvedana vizeSa rUpa se prApta kara sa haiM / jainendra meM vastumattA vyaktimattA kA mAdhyama hai / unhoMne apanI vastu-paridhi meM jIvana paraka sRSTi- cintana ke upakaraNa kalAtmakatA ke sAtha susajjita karane kA suprayAsa kiyA hai / unake upanyAsoM meM vastu ke prati paridhivAda hai / unakA vastusaMdarbha saMkSipta hai / vastu- pariveza- saMkSepaNa meM jainendra kI prAsthA hai / yaha 'jainendramArga' hai / racanA jainendra ke upanyAsa sahAyaka kathAnakoM ke upanyAsa nahIM haiM / aMtaHkathAoM kA - zilpa jainendra meM nahIM hai / upanyAsakAra jainendra meM avAntara prasaMga nahIM haiM / jainendra ke pAtra pAradarzI nahIM hote / jainendra kI nArI pAradarzI nahIM hotIM / vyaSTi kI prAntarikatA se paripUrNa jainendra kA pAtra - nirUpaNa hai / jainendra ke pAtroM meM kahAnI se jyAdA bhAva hI hai / jainendra ne kArakhAne ke majadUroM aura kRSakoM ko apane upanyAsoM kI pAtratA nahIM pradAna kI / unhoMne apane upanyAsoM meM krAnti rakhI hai, krAnti kI hai aura krAnticintana kiyA hai / phira bhI unhoMne mArksavAda athavA lenina-pratipAdita siddhAntoM kA vamana nahIM kiyA / jainendra ne apanI bAhoM para kAlI paTTI bAMdhakara z2indagI ke khilApha.. murdAbAda ke nAre nahIM bulanda kiye / unhoMne sAmAjikatA ke kSetra meM premacanda kA ziSyatva nahIM svIkAra kiyA / jainendra kA sAhitya sAhitya aura sAhitya ke itihAsa meM eka navIna adhyAya jor3atA hai, sAhitya ke jainendra- adhyAya kA svastha mUlyAMkana avazya honA cAhie, kyoMki ve cintana ke jIvana-citrakAra haiM / aba maiM jainendra ke jayavarddhana - pUrva upanyAsoM para vicAra karU~gA / prastuta nibandha meM jayavarddhana-pRthakattva jayavarddhana kI avahelanA nahIM, kevala sthAnAbhAva ke hI kAraNa hai / 'jayavarddhana' upanyAsa - sAhitya kA gaurava hai / 'parakha' jainendra kA prathama upanyAsa hai / 'parakha' kI mahattA isalie hai ki yaha jainendra kA prathama upanyAsa hai / 'parakha' vastutaH eka asaphala upanyAsa hai / 'parakha' ke dvArA jainendra ne apane upanyAsavAda kA zrIgaNeza kiyA, kiMtu 'parakha' meM koI aisA tattva zravazya hai, jo jainendra ke pratyeka upanyAsa meM reMgatA rahA hai / ukta tattva ko maiM jainendra kA parakha-tattva kahU~gA / 'parakha' meM kucha aise tattva binA kisI pUrva yojanA ke ubhara Ae the, jinakA nirvAha jainendra ne apane upanyAsoM meM hamezA kiyA / 'parakha' ke AdhAravAda ke prati jainendra ne apanI upanyAsa - zrRMkhalA meM jAgarUkatA kA paricaya diyA | jainendra ne 'parakha' ke bAda se 'kalyANI' aura 'jayavarddhana' taka apanA yatheSTa vikAsa kiyA hai / 'sunItA' 'tyAgapatra', 'kalyANI', Adi meM jainendra ne hameM socane kI

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 215 jIvana-sAmagrI yatheSTa mAtrA meM dI hai / 'parakha' ko jainendra kI vikAsa- rekhAnoM ke Aloka meM parakhanA vizeSa zreyaskara hogA / ina vikAsa - rekhAoM se pRthak 'parakha' kA mUlya vizeSa nahIM / satyadhana 'parakha' kA pramukha vyakti hai / bihArI satyadhana ke bAda dUsarA pramukha vyakti hai / nAyakatva kA pada inhIM do vyaktiyoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA gayA hai / satyadhana AdarzavAda kI mUrti parakatA ko apane meM utAra lene kA prayAsa karatA hai / Adarza ArAdhana satyadhana kA jIvana karttavya hai / satyadhana meM vicAra sampuSTi kI garimA hai, unnati nahIM / jIvana meM satyadhana utsarga kA prArAdhanA-svarUpa nirUpita karatA hai / utsarga unnati kA unnayana ho jAnA hai / vaha apane jIvana kI rAmanAmI cAdara para utsarga aMkita karatA hai / utsarga satyadhana ke jIvana kA sampradAya hai / satyadhana kA utsargavAda kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM jainendra ke pratyeka upanyAsa meM avazya upasthita rahA hai / jainendra ne 'parakha' meM satyadhana kI ora se vakAlata kI - "jo hAratA rahA hai, hAregA, jo jItatA rahA hai, vaha jItegA / " satyadhana ke vakIla jainendra se maiM yaha pUchanA cAhU~gA ki kyA isa prakAra kA koI saMvidhAna jIvana meM kabhI nirmita huA hai ? satyadhana ke vakIla mahodaya kyA apanI isa ukti kA pramANa jIvana ke itihAsa athavA jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para de sakate haiM ? manuSya hamezA kevala jItatA hI nahIM, hAratA bhI hai| aura bhI, manuSya hamezA kevala hAratA hI nahIM, jItatA bhI hai / mere isa kathana ke pramANa jIvana kI ghaTanAoM meM DhU~r3ha lie jAe~ / 1 'parakha' ke anusAra, "duniyA moma kI cIz2a nahI, aura na kitAba hI hai jise par3hakara qhatama kara sakate ho| yahA~ jagaha-jagaha Takkara khAnI par3atI hai aura samajhautA karanA par3atA hai / jIvana dAyitva kA khela hai, paga-paga para samajhautA hai / " punaH parakha' ke anusAra, "prema jo kabjA cAhatA hai-- vaise prema kI chUTa samAja ke lie aniSTakara hai| prema meM yadi Adhipatya kI AkAMkSA hai - yaha AkAMkSA ki vaha merI hai, merI hI hai, merI ho jAya to isa prema meM vizvAsa rakho, ga~dalApana hai | svaccha aura vAstavika prama isa prakAra kI zrAdhipatya prAkAMkSA se kucha sambandha nahIM rakhatA hai / vaha 'usa' kI prasannatA, usakA sukha, usake santopa kI ora saceSTa rahatA hai,, usa para kabjA kara lenA nahIM cAhatA / " 'parakha' kA upasaMhAra yathArtha ke prAdarza pratipAdana ke rUpa meM huA hai / vyaktivAdI lekhaka ke nAma se vikhyAta jainendra ne parakha pariNati meM bahujana hitAya, bahujana - sukhAya kA suparicaya diyA hai, samaSTihetu AlokavAda kA darzana pratipAdita kiyA hai / parakha - pariNati meM mukta taMtra kA sUtravAda hai / nirAlA ke 'alakA' upanyAsa meM prati

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216 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva pAdita samaSTi-sAdhana ke garimA-sUtra parakha-upasaMhAra meM pA gae haiM / jainendra ko lokavimukha vyaktivAda ke pratipAdaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA sAhityavAda, sAhityAloka, sAhityatattvavAda, sAhitya-prAdhAravAda aura sAhitya-vyaktitvavAda ke prati nAstikatA kA paricaya denA hogA, anyAya hogaa| jainendra ke cintana-vikAsa ko bhalI-bhAMti samajhane-parakhane ke lie 'parakha' kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai| unake citaka aura kathAkAra ke parakha-nirUpita rUpa kI mahattA jainendra-vikAsa ke aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se vizeSa hai| caritrAtmaka upanyAsa 'sunItA' jainendra kI bahacacita upalabdhi hai / ise upanyAsavAda kI upalabdhi kahA jA sakatA hai / virAT arthoM meM 'sunItA' Andolana kI gAthA hai / hariprasanna krAMti kA nAyaka hai aura zrIkAMta usakA mitra / sunItA gArhasthya dharma kI devI hai / sunItA kA uttarArddha mUlapravRttiyoM ko nArItva ke dharAtala para upasthita karatA hai / 'sunItA' upanyAsa kI pariNati sunItA kA gArhasthya pratyAvartana hai, jisake AdhAra para jainendra ne nArI ko parivAra se pRthak nahIM kiyaa| 'sunItA' upanyAsa hiMdI upanyAsa-kSetra meM Andolana ke rUpa meM svIkRta huaa| 'sunItA' kA nAyakatva vivAdAspada hai / zrIkAMta athavA hariprasanna ke nAyakatva ke prazna para sambhavataH hama sahasA ekamata nahIM ho sakate / jainendra ne nAyakatva ko do caritroM meM samAna rUpa se vitarita kara diyA hai / jainendra meM yaha Adata sadA hI rahI hai| ghaTanAoM kI cArivikatA para vizeSa dhyAna jainendra kA rahA hai / unhoMne ghaTanAoM ko itivRttAtmaka dRSTikoNa se nahIM dekhA, unheM cAritrika, mArmikatA, manovijJAna aura darzana ke Aloka meM dekhA hai / jainendra kA caritravAda ghaTanAoM ke sira para bolatA hai / jainendra-sAhitya kI itivRttAtmakatA meM pratIkatva hai / unake itivRtta bhI caritrapUrNa haiM / jainendra-sAhitya kI cAritrika itivRttAtmakatA sAhitya kI viziSTa dena hai / 'sunItA' upanyAsa jainendra kA caritravAda udghoSita karatA hai / itivRttAtmaka cAritrikatA ko citrita karate hue lekhaka ne 'zrImatI sunItA devI' aura 'sunItA zrIkAMta' kA nAma-vivecana hariprasanna ke puruSa-mana dvArA prastuta kiyA hai / "binA miseja pUrvaka unhIM 'zrImatI sunItA devI' ke akSaroM vAle hAthoM se nirA 'sunItA zrIkAMta' likhA dekhakara hariprasanna kA jI kucha kuThita hotA hai / jaise vaha ekadama vaMcita rakhA jA rahA ho / usane phira phAuNTena pena nikAlakara kucha saMzodhana karanA cAhA, para usakA hAtha ruka gyaa| mAnoM yaha usake lie niSiddha hotA hai|" (sunItA : pRSTha saMkhyA 47) isa mauna itivRtta ke AdhAra para vivAha, patnItva aura puruSa ke nArI-satya kI ora lekhaka saMketa karatA hai| hariprasanna ke prati sunItA kA nArItva-samarpaNa manovijJAna ke marmajJoM kA viSaya hai| zrIkAMta hariprasanna kA mitra hai / mitra se merA tAtparya yahA~ hai hariprasanna

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 217 ke prati zrIkAMta-vyaktitva kA prAtma-samarpaNa / sunItA zrIkAMta kI patnI hai| kiMtu, sunItA hariprasanna anta meM, zrIkAMta ke mAdhyama se sunItA ke nikaTa nahIM jaataa| vaha hariprasanna aura sunItA ke madhya ke zrIkAMta ko nirarthaka siddha karane kA prayatna karatA hai / arthAt, puruSa aura nArI kI madhyavartI sAmAjika mUrtimAtra puruSa aura nArI ke mUlapravRttivAda ke samakSa ghuTane Teka detI hai / hariprasanna kahatA hai- "sunItA, maiM aba tumheM bhAbhI nahIM kahatA / jinheM bhAI kahatA hU~, unakI hI mArphata tuma taka pahu~cUM, aba aisA nahIM hai / maiM tumheM sunItA kahU~gA / hama sIdhe eka dUsare ke sAmane haiM / kisI kI mAraphata hama donoM ke bIca meM nahIM haiM / zrIkAMta tumhArA pati hai, merA mitra hai| pati eka hotA hai, mitra bhI zAyada eka hI hotA hai / mere lie to vaha eka hI yahA~ puruSa aura nArI mUlapravRtti kI dIpamAlikA-jyoti meM prakAzAnvita ho bhAbhImArgI hariprasanna sunItA meM apane puruSa kA sAdhya prApta kara letA hai / sunItA kI bhAbhI-AvRtti ke bAda jo nArI hai, hariprasanna usakA sparza-mada prApta karatA hai / hariprasanna sAmAjika mUrtimattA ko nArI ke deha-satya ke lie pati aura mitra saMbaMdha ke ekIkaraNa ke nAma para mitra dene kA prayatna karatA hai / kiMtu nArI-yathArtha kA dehasatya hariprasanna ke puruSa ko parAsta kara detA hai / nArI-yathArtha ke deha-satya ke samakSa hariprasanna ke puruSavAda kA zastra-samarpaNa sRSTi ke puruSataMtra ke lie eka bar3A praznacihna hai / yadyapi hariprasanna sunItA se kahatA hai--"tumako cAhatA hU~, samUcI tumako cAhatA hU~, usake bAda-". aura, sunItA apanI sAr3I bilkula alaga kara kahatI hai- 'maiM yaha huuN|' sAr3I nibaMdha sUnItA kA triguNAtmaka zabdatrayI-'maiM yaha hU~'-sRSTi ke mUrtivAda ko zarIra-vAstava kI aora nirdezita karane meM sakSama avazya hai| zarIra-vAstava kA nArI-satya jainendra ke hari prasanna, puruSa ke hariprasanna arthAt puruSa ko parAsta kara detA hai, puruSa donoM hAthoM se apanI A~kheM DhaMka letA hai / jainendra kA hariprasanna nArI kA zarIra-vAstava nahIM, nArI ke sampUrNatva kI samyak prApti kA abhilASI hai| sAr3ImokSa kI 'maiM yaha hU~' pratikriyA ke prati hariprasanna jayantamArgI bana jAtA hai / yaha hariprasanna jayantavAda kA Aropa hai| granthi-moha se paripUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM sunItA-vRtta kA vizeSa mahatva hai aura 'sunItA' ke vRttavAda meM jainendra-darzana hai, hariprasanna-darzana hai| hariprasanna ke zabdoM meM jainendra svayaM bolate haiM-"vaha z2indagI nahIM hai, jisameM cAroM tarapha dIvAreM khar3I karake hama vizva ke bIcoM-bIca apanA pakkA ghara banAkara apane ko kaida kara lete hai| vizva

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218 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke jIvitaM sarmpaka meM rahanA hogA / Aja aura kala ke bIca meM banda hama nahIM rahege / zAzvata ko bhI chue~ge, sanAtana aura ananta ko bhI hama ckheNge| tumane jo banI banAI rAha sAmane kara dI hai, vaha hameM kucha bhI dUra nahIM le jAtI / hamArA mArga zrananta hai aura yaha tumhArI rAha apanI samApti para saMtuSTa pArivArika jIvana dekara hameM bhulAve meM DAla detI hai / manuSya pati aura pitA banakara apane ko bA~dhatA hai / isa prakAra utsarga kI, mukta aura svAdhIna jIvana kI mahimA se vaha apane ko dUra banAtA hai / ' aura bhI, "ghara-bAra basAkara to grAdamI apane ko hrasva karatA hai, mujhe usa rAha nahIM jAnA ") "" yahA~ hariprasanna-darzana udghATita huA hai / inhIM hariprasanna sUtroM kA ekIkaraNa hariprasannavAda hai / hariprasannavAda jIvana ko vyatItavAdI dRSTikoNa nahIM detA / vaha jIvana ko artha saMdarbha aura bhAva-saMdarbha meM parakhatA hai / 'vyatIta' kA jayanta jIvana kA samyak bhASya nahIM upasthita karatA / jayanta meM hariprasanna nahIM hai / nArI kI deha vAstava paridhi ke prati jayanta ( ' vyatIta ' ) aura hariprasanna ( 'sunItA' ) kI bhAva- kuMThA athavA kuThAvAda vyakti satyoM ke Aloka meM parIkSaNa kA viSaya hai / jisa vyakti ne strI ko "hA~, maiM taiyAra hU~" veza-bhUSA meM hI dekhA hai, vaha avazya kisI sunItA se kahegA ki "tumako cAhatA hU~ / samUcI tumako cAhatA hU~ / usake bAda -1" kintu nArI kI svecchApUrNa bAdhArahita samarpaNavAdI nagnatA ke samakSa vaha donoM hAthoM se apanI A~kheM nahIM Dha~ka legA, kabhI nahIM socegA ki dharatI phaTa kyoM na gaI ki vaha gar3a jAtA / hariprasanna sunItA ko apane andara kevala sunItA ke rUpa meM rakhatA hai, 'sunItA zrIkAnta' ke rUpa meM nahIM / sunItA, aisA mAlUma par3atA hai. hariprasanna arthAt puruSa mana kI jIvana-granthi hai / itivRttavAda, cAritrikatA Adi ke kSetroM meM sunItAgranthi arthAt puruSa mana kI jIvana-granthi sunItA ke upanyAsavAda meM hai / zrImatI sunItA devI' aura 'sunItA zrIkAnta' vivecana meM hariprasanna ke puruSataMtra ke nArI - satya thor3A vizleSaNa ho gayA hai / hariprasanna utpAdaka zrama cAhatA hai / utpAdaka zrama kA zrIkAnta - vivecana manana karane yogya hai / hariprasanna zArIrika astitva ke lie zArIrika zrama para rahanA cAhatA hai, kintu upanyAsa meM vaha kahIM bhI zArIrika astitva ke lie zArIrika zrama karatA huA nahIM pAyA jAtA / hariprasanna ke anusAra, "par3hAne ke kAma se jIvikA pAnA maiM ThIka nahIM samajhatA / " kyoMki, usake anusAra ' jisa zrama kA badalA AjIvikA ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM arthAt se ke rUpa meM mile, vaha zrama zArIrika honA cAhie / anya zrama niHzulka honA cAhie / " ataeva, vaha sunItA kI bahana kA

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana - pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 216 niHzulka adhyApana karatA hai / upanyAsa meM aisA koI sthala nahIM hai, jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sake ki satyA ke adhyApana karane meM hariprasanna ne paise lie / hariprasanna kA zramavAda siddhAnta hariprasanna kA eka pahalU hai, kyoMki 'sunItA' kA hariprasanna apane meM eka 'vAda' hai / hA~, hariprasanna jainendra-ciMtana kA eka 'vAda' hai, sampradAya nahIM / 'vyatIta' upanyAsa ke AdhAra para jainendra ne vyatIta- sampradAya kA pravarttana karane kA zreya uThAyA / hariprasannavAda meM vyatIta-sampradAya nahIM hai / yadyapi kahA yaha bhI jA sakatA hai ki hariprasannavAda ke uttarArddha para vyatIta-sampradAya kA pratikriyAvAdI prabhAva hai / maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ / 'sunItA' meM zrama kA dvimArgI vivecana hariprasanna aura zrIkAnta ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai-- hariprasanna zrama siddhAnta aura zrIkAnta zrama siddhAnta / jainendra ke aneka upanyAsa apane meM eka 'vAda' hai, apane meM eka vizeSa matavAda bhI / prabuddha cintana jainendra ke sampUrNa sAhitya kA AdhAra hai| 'sunItA', 'tyAgapatra', 'kalyANI', 'sukhadA', 'vyatIta' Adi upanyAsa jainendra ke prabuddha cintana ke prakAzastambha haiM / 'sunItA' 'kalyANI', 'sukhadA', 'tyAgapatra' prAdi vicAra - 'sampuSTi' se paripUrNa kRtiyA~ cintana ke adhyAya haiM, 'vAda' haiM, zrapane meM paripUrNa satya haiM / upanyAsakAra jainendra kA vicAra - sAkSAtkAravAda upanyAsa - sAhitya kI parama zreSTha dena hai / sAhitya ko jainendra ne unnayanamArgI banAyA hai / jainendra-cintana meM kahAnI ke satya kI apekSA satya kI kahAnI ko vizeSa mahattva prApta ho gayA hai / jAgarUka jainendra ne kahAnI ke satya aura satya kI kahAnI meM prabuddha saMtulana kA nirmANa karane kA suprayatna kathAkAra ke rUpa meM avazya kiyA hai / jainendra cintana ko pahale uThAte haiM, kahAnI ko bAda meM / kathA ke aMgAroM ko jainendra ne cimaTe se hI pakar3A hai / kathA ke aMgAroM meM udbhAsita vicAra - sAkSAtkAra kI lAlI kI ora hI jainendra kA dhyAna kendrIbhUta rahA hai / jainendra kI kahAnI ke aMgAroM meM jainendra-cintana kI USNatA hai / darzana kI prAzA grahaNa karane ke uparAnta hI jainendra apane kathAkAra ke pAsa jAte haiM / 'sunItA' meM zrIkAnta kahatA hai- 'hari, tuma abhI paramAtmA meM vizvAsa nahIM karate ho ?' "abhI nahIM, " hariprasanna kA uttara hai / 'lekina mujhe kahane to doge, bhagavAna tumheM sukhI rakheM ? bhagavAna sabako sukhI rakheM' | zrIkAnta isa paMkti meM apane ko khola detA hai / isa saMkSipta kathopakathana ke AdhAra para zrIkAnta aura hariprasanna ko hama nikaTa se dekha lete haiM /

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220 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva jainendra kA sAhityavAdI sAhityakAra jIvana meM sahaja bhAva se rahanA cAhatA hai| nindra sahaja bhAvApanna jIvanayApana ke poSaka haiM / jainendra-darzana ke chAtroM ko jainendra-ghoSita, jainendra-viptApti sahaja bhAvApanna jIvanayApana siddhAnta virodhAbhAsamUlakatA se paripUrNa mAlUma par3a sakatA hai, kintu jainendra jIvana ko prakRta rUpa meM rakhanA cAhate haiM / janendra ne jIvana ko prakRta rUpa meM rakhA hai-unhone jIvanayApana ke prati sahajamArgI bhAvAtmakatA nivedita kI hai / ataeva, jainendra-sAhitya meM aise bhI sthAna avazya haiM-jaise sunItA kA vivastra honA, 'vyatIta' uttarArddha meM anitA kA jayaMtasamarpaNa Adi, jisake AdhAra para bhAratIya maryAdAvAda aura naitikavAda ke apamAnita kie jAne kA Aropa lagAyA jA sakatA hai / kintu saca to yaha hai ki jainendra ne maryAdA-tathyoM aura naitika-mUlyoM ko nae mUlya pradAna kie haiM. jinheM maiM naitika-satyoM kA jainendra-mUlya khuuNgaa| hariprasanna jainendra kA eka viziSTa pAtra hai| hariprasanna kA caritravAda eka vizeSa dizA-darzana kA paricAyaka hai| janendra kA cintaka jainendra ke upanyAsakAra kA svAmI hai, vinIta sevaka nahIM / jainendra ke upanyAsa pratIkAtmakatA se paripUrNa haiM / unake mukhya pAtroM meM pratIkatva kA gaurava hai / cintana kA jainendravAda jainendra-sAhitya, jainendra dvArA nirmita kRtiyoM meM hai| kartavya kI kaThoratA ke prati jAgarUkatA jainendra meM avazya hai| sunItAkAra kA pravacana hai.---'calate hI calanA hai / ' 'kalyANI' meM jainendra ke kalyANavAda aura kalyANIvAda kA sammilita udaghoSa hai- 'calanA nAma jinda gI kA hai|' 'calanA' ko jainendra ne jIvana ke virATa arthoM meM upalabdha kiyA hai| sunItA aura sunItA kI nArI-sattA ne zaMkA prakaTa kI ki hariprasanna ko unake yahA~ sukha kI prApti nahIM ho rahI hai / zrIkAnta kA uttara hai-'sukha ? kyA kabhI use sukha milegA ? kyA kabhI milA hai ? aura sukha milatA kisako hai ?' sacamuca, hariprasanna ko kabhI samyaka sukha prApta nahIM ho sakA / kyA zrIkAnta ke isa sukha-vivecana ke dvArA lekhaka ne yaha siddha karanA cAhA hai ki zreSTha sukha kisI ko nahIM mila pAtA? jainendra sukhavAdI athavA dukhavAdI nhiiN| sukha aura duHkha ke prati jainendra ne bhArata kA dArzanika dRSTikoNa grahaNa kiyA hai / bar3e arthoM meM sukha kisI ko nahIM mila pAtA, maiM svayaM aisA mAnatA huuN| sunItA, hariprasanna aura zrIkAnta meM jainendra ne apane ko khaMDa-khaMDa karake sajA dene kA prayatna kiyA hai / hariprasanna jainendra ke bhAgyavAda ke pravaktA haiN| lagabhaga pratyeka upanyAsa meM jainendra ne apane bhAgyavAda ke pravaktA ko DhUMDha nikAlA hai| hA~, hariprasanna

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana- pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 221 bhAgyavAdI hai / vaha abhivyakta hotA hai - " kismata bar3I cIz2a hai / usake khilApha lar3anA vyartha hai / " punaH, hariprasanna ke hI zabdoM meM, "bhAgya ke hAtha meM saba kucha hai / lekina rukanA kabhI zreyaskara huA hai ? sA~sa rukatI hai, use mauta kahate haiM / gati rukatI hai, taba bhI mauta hai / havA rukatI hai, vaha bhI mauta hai / rukanA sadA mauta hai / jIvana nAma calane kA hai """" jainendra bhAgya kI sattA sarvadA svIkAra karate haiM / vaha bhAgya ko sarvopari mAnate haiM / bhAgya ko unhoMne carama sattA mAnA hai / usake viruddha, jainendra ke anusAra yuddha karanA vyartha hai / merI sammati meM, bhAgya ko jIvana meM itanA bar3A mahatva denA jIvana- vyaktitva kA apamAna karanA hai / bhAgya jIvana kI carama sattA nahIM hai / mAnava tathAkathita bhAgya- satya para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai / buddhivAda ke yuga meM bhAgyavAda kI sthiti zocanIya ho gaI hai / bhAgyavAda hameM jIvanamayI karmaThatA kA suparicaya nahIM detA / hameM vaha akarmaNyatA kA dizA- darzana pradAna karatA hai / akarmaNyatA se paripUrNa jIvana - zaithilya bhAgyavAda kI dena hai / kA~tivAdI hariprasanna kA bhAgyavAdI honA jaMcatA nahIM, prabhAvotpAdaka nahIM / krAnti kA pujArI bhAgya kA pujArI nahIM hotA, vaha bhAgya ke samakSa ghuTane nahIM TekatA / vaha bhAgya ke viruddha astra uThAtA hai / krAnti kA saccA pujArI yaha kabhI nahIM kahegA ki "kismata bar3I cIz2a hai / usake khilApha lar3anA vyartha hai / " taba kyA hariprasanna kAnti kA saccA pujArI yA bahuta bar3A pujArI nahIM hai ? jIvana meM bhAgyavAda ko bar3A-se-bar3A sthAna pradAna kara svastha jIvana darzana nahIM diyA jA sakatA / bhAgyavAda manuSya kI jIvanamayI gati ko kuMThita kara detA hai, unnati aura utsarga kA mArga avaruddha karatA hai / jainendra kA bhAgyavAda bauddhika dRSTikoNa nahIM upasthita karatA | jainendra kA bhAgyavAda manuSya ke lie Age kA hara rAstA hamezA ke lie banda kara detA hai / lekina rukane ko jainendra jIvana meM svIkAra nahIM karate / jainendra ke zabdoM meM, 'rukanA sadA mauta hai / jIvana nAma calane kA hai / " " bhAgyavAda ke ananya pujArI jainendra kA yaha jIvana-saMdeza sacamuca kAryAnvayana kI anubhUti kI atala gaMbhIratA meM prApta karane yogya avazya hai / kintu eka zrora yaha kahakara ki "kismata bar3I cIja hai / usake khilApha lar3anA vyartha hai", aura dUsarI ora yaha kahakara ki "rukanA sadA mauta hai / jIvana nAma calane kA hai" - jainendra virodhAbhAsa upasthita karane meM vilakSaNatA kA paricaya dete haiM / bhAgyavAda z2indagI meM rukane kA siddhAnta hai, gadale ThaharAva kA siddhAnta hai / jIvana calane kA nAma hai / rukanA mauta hai / calanA z2indagI hai / jainendra jI se maiM yaha jAnanA cAhU~gA ki jIvana

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222 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva meM eka sAtha donoM kI sattA kaise svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai ? rukanA arthAta ThaharAva aura calanA ko eka hI sAtha kaise grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, maiM nahIM jAnatA / zAyada kevala jainendra jI hI jAnate hoMge / rukanA aura calanA ko hama yahA~ virATa arthoM meM le rahe haiN| kyA jainendra ne rakanA aura calanA ko virATa artho meM, jIvana ke arthoM meM eka dUsare ko pUraka siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ? tava jainendra ke bhAgyavAda ke sambandha meM punaH ulajhaneM bar3heMgI / 'jIvana nAma calane kA hai' siddhAnta 'kalyANI' meM bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, kintu 'kalyANI'---- parisamApti kA 'mujhe rahanA hai' siddhAnta jIvanavAda upasthita karatA hai, jIvana nahIM / janendra-sAhitya kA jyAdA samaya jIvana kI apekSA jIvanavAda meM ulajha gayA hai, jIvana ke siddhAnta-khaMDoM meM ulajha gayA hai| sunItA jainendra kA upalabdhivAda hai / sunItA upanyAsa 'sunItA' kI nAyikA hai / sanItA kA nArI-darzana maulika dRSTikoNoM kI bauddhikatA aura saMvedanA pradAna karatA hai / sunItA kA jIvana-darzana arthAt nArI kA sunItAvAda arthAt 'sunItA' kI nArI kA jIvanadarzana palAyanavAda nahIM hai, sunItAvAdI jIvana-darzana nArI kI sattA jIvana ke jIvana meM svIkAra karatA hai / bhAganA ko sunItA-darzana jindagI ke khilApha mAnatA hai| hama apane se nahIM bhAga sakate / taba bhAgane kA kyA artha huA ? hama apane ko nahIM roka sakate / hamAre aAdhArabhUta nijatva para hamArA adhikAra nahIM / vyakti AdhArabhUta nijatva ke jIvana-pravAha ko sthagita aura stambhita nahIM kara sktaa| aura bhI, sunItA jIvana meM yuddha-stara para saMgharSa karatA hai| bar3e arthoM meM bhAganA jIvana meM asaMbhava hai| bAhara se bhAganA apane se bhAganA nahIM hai / apane se bhAganA hI andara se bhAganA hai| hama bAhara se bhAga sakate haiM, para apane se bhAganA jIvana meM cala nahIM sakatA / jindagI bhAganA nahIM hai / bhAgane kI prAntarikatA jIvana meM nahIM aatii| bhAgane kI sampUrNatA ko jainendra ne jIvana-virodha aura calane ke samyak sampUrNatva ko jIvanasAmaMjasya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / jainendra jIvana meM calanA cAhate haiN| calate bhI haiM, jIvana meM bhAgate nhiiN| jIvana se bhAganA nahIM cAhate / calanA jindagI meM hai, jindagI hai / rukanA mauta hai / saccA bhAganA ho nahIM sktaa| bAhara se bhAgakara hama apane se to nahIM bhAga sakate / bhAganA jIvana kA virodha hai / calanA, rukanA aura bhAganA jainendra ke zabdatrayI haiN| maSTi kA satya inhIM tInoM zabdoM meM saMcita hai / jIvana ke samasta itihAsa ko jainendra ne kevala tIna zabdoM meM arthAt calanA, rukanA, bhAganA meM hI udghoSita kara diyA hai| jaba hama apane se nahIM bhAga sakate, apane ko roka nahIM sakate taba bhAgane kA

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 223 abhinaya kyoM kreN| rukane ko jIvana meM kyoM grahaNa kareM / jIvana ke bAhara rukanA to hai hI, jIvana meM nhiiN| sunItAvAda ke anusAra "bhAganA to naraka se bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki naraka kA bhaya phira tuma para savAra hI rahegA / " ataeva bhAgane ke viparIta bhAgane ke kAraNa ko hama dUra kara deN| kyoMki, bhAgane para bhAgane ke kAraNa kA bhaya hama para banA hI rahegA / aura, bhaya kA banA rahanA jindagI ko kamaz2ora karanA hai| sunItA hariprasanna se kahatI hai-"jAno, lekina jAkara kahA~ pahu~coge ? vahA~ jahA~ duniyA nahIM hai ? aisI kauna jagaha hai ? kauna jagaha hai ki jahA~ hama loga nahIM haiM / tumhIM tuma ho ? tumhArA hRdaya taka bhI vaha jagaha nahIM hai, jAnate ho ? jo apane meM capa, banda, caina se kyoM nahIM baiThatA ? kyoM vaha dhar3akatA hai ? jAnate ho ? isI se kahatI haiM, jahA~ koI aura na ho, vahA~ bhI hama haiM, kaho, nahIM haiM ? isase hariprasanna mata jAyo / bhAganA to naraka se bhI ThIka nahIM / kyoMki naraka kA bhaya phira tuma para savAra hI rhegaa|" sunItAvAdI darzana yahA~ hai / sUnItAvAdI paramAtmA kA vizvAsa prApta karanA cAhatA hai / paramAtmA para vizvAsa karatA hai aura usakI prArthanA meM se bala prApta karanA cAhatA hai / sanItA hariprasanna se kahatI hai----"hama donoM paramAtmA kA vizvAsa pAyeM aura usakI prArthanA meM se bala paaeN|" bhAgane ke Antarika nijatva kI asaMbhavatA ke phalasvarUpa sunItAvAda paramAtmA kA vizvAsa prApta karanA cAhatA hai / yadyapi prArthanA meM se bala prApta karane kA upadeza sunItAvAda pradAna karatA hai, kintu sunItAvAda kI mahAdevI dharma kI jar3atA se vimukha hai / prArthanA meM se bala prApta karatI huI bhI nahIM pAyI jAtI / sunItAvAda ko apane para yatheSTha vizvAsa hai / sunItAvAda jIvana ko nijatva kA Aloka pradAna kara AsthA aura vizvAsa utpanna karatA hai / sabalatA kA dambha sunItAvAda meM nahIM hai| prabalatA kI svIkRti jIvana kI avahelanA nahIM hai| jIvana meM sInA dikhAnA cAhie, pITha nhiiN| ___jIne kI avadhi meM bhaya kI nadI meM DUbakara hama samyak jIvana se hamezA ke lie hAtha dho baiThate haiM / bhaya jindagI ko tor3a detA hai| sunItA kahatI hai--"paramAtmA para vizvAsa rkkho| vaha bhaya se hameM taareNge|" sunItA ke anusAra "prArthanA se zakti pAtI hai|" vinobA jI prArthanA se zakti prApta karate hai / vaha nitya pratidina sAmUhika prArthanA meM jIvanamaya bhAga lete haiM aura zakti kA gaurava prApta karate haiM, kintu upanyAsa meM aisA koI sthala nahIM pAyA jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sake ki sunItA ne

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224 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva prArthanA meM se bala pAyA hai| sanItAvAda karma kA gItAvAda hai / karma-svIkRti para vaha hai / karma ke AvAhana para sunItA-cintana jIvana kharca karatA hai / karma kI gaurava-rakSA ke lie jIvana kA anudAna vaha pradAna kara sakatA hai. karane meM sUkSama aura sabala hai| __apanI abalatA svIkAra kara na bhAganA acchA hai, ki apanI sabalatA ke dambha meM pITha dikhAkara bhAga khar3e honA acchA hai ? jisa nirbalatA ne rAma kA bala pakar3A hai, usakA bala phira kyoM hAre ?". . . . . . ('sanItA') sunItAvAdI praznoM meM jIvana aura jIvana-nirmANa kA mArga-darzana nihita hai| aura, saca to yaha hai ki jainendra ke upanyAsoM kA mUlAdhAra jIvanaparaka cintana, jIvanaparaka kucha prazna hI haiM / jainendra ke upanyAsa mUlataH praznavAdI upanyAsa haiM / praznoM meM hI jainendra ke upanyAsa haiM / nirAkaraNa ke prayatna haiM, nirAkaraNavAda athavA sunizcita aura sarvanizcita nirAkaraNa nahIM, praznoM kI parisamApti nhiiN| jainendra ne jIvana para aneka prazna kie haiN| jIvana meM jainendra eka jAgarUka praznakartA ke rUpa meM jAte haiN| eka zodhakartA ke rUpa meM jAte haiM, zraddhAlu bhakta kI andha-vinamratA aura andha-bhakti lekara nhiiN| bhAgyavAdI hariprasanna paramAtmA ke prazna para bauddhikatA kA prAzraya letA hai aura bhAgya ke prazna para bauddhikatA se pRthakatva sthApita kara letA hai / hariprasanna kahatA hai-"paramAtmA ho to rahe, maiM apane ko usake sAtha kyoM aTakAU~ ? maiM use apanA kaSTa na dUMgA' . . . . . . . . ''yahA~ manuSya kA bIsavIM zatAbdIvAda bola rahA hai| zrIkAnta, hariprasanna aura sunItA vyakti-satyoM se paripUrNa haiN| hariprasanna aura sanItA kA pArasparika paramAtmA vivecana atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| jainendra kI saMvedanA bauddhikatA kI sevikA nahIM hai| jainendra meM saMvedanA bauddhikatA ko zAsita karatI hai, usase zAsita nahIM hotii| premacanda kA saMvedanAvAda jainendra kI apekSA vizeSa vyApaka aura vistRta hai / kintu jainendra kA saMvedana vRta saMkSipta hai, laghu hai-saMvedana saMkSepaNa hai / hA~, jIvana kI hArdikatA ko jainendra ne jIvana meM svIkAra kiyA hai / hariprasanna caTTAna nahIM, tarala jala cAhatA hai, yadyapi usameM caTTAna kA saMyama hai aura caTTAna kI kaThoratA aura dRr3hatA bhI / 'kalyANI' parisamApti kA 'mujhe rahanA hai' siddhAnta hariprasanna ne paramAtmA-vivecana meM bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| paramAtmA kA hariprasanna-vivecana bauddhikatA udghATita karatA hai| paramAtmA kA sunItA-vivecana saMvedanAmayI hArdikatA kI jIvana-tanmayatA hai / saMvedanAmayI hArdikatA kI jIvanatanmayatA aura karma kA gItAvAda sunItAvAda meM hai / sunItAvAdI AsthA jIvana ke pAloka meM hariprasanna kA buddhi-jvara utara jAtA hai / sunItAvAda kI jaya parilakSita hotI hai, hariprasanna sunItAvAda ke samakSa apane ko apane meM prAtma-samarpaNa kara

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wwwwwwwwww ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ........ ~~~ wwwwwwwwww ~ ~~~ jainendra ke jayavardhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 225 detA hai| jainendra jAne ko bhAganA nahIM kahate / tathya yaha hai bhii| hariprasanna se sunItA kahatI hai-"maiM kahatI hU~ ki jAo bhale, para bhAgo mata... . . . saca kaho, kyA mujhase bhAgate ho-" "tumase ?-hA~-" sunItA kucha muskarAI ---"to maiM bhI tumase bhAgU ?" "tuma hI kahatI ho, bhAgo mata / maiM to, hA~, kahatA hU~, bhAga jaao| vakta rahe, taba taka bhAga jAo / mujhe bhI kaho ki maiM bhAga jAU~ / bhAbhI, nahIM to-" sunItA ne vyaMgya aura vinoda bhare zabdoM meM kahA-"nahIM to pralaya hogI, yahI na kahate the ? acchI bAta hai, maiM bhAge jAtI hU~ !" ___ kahakara vaha uTha khar3I huI / tabhI bAhara se AtI huI zrIkAnta kI AvAja suna par3I-'hariprasanna !' sunItA khar3I hote-hote baiTha gaI, dhIme se bolI, "lo maiM to bhAga calI thI, para bhAgane kA dvAra to rakSaka se ghira gayA hai ...... / " 'sunItA meM puruSa bhAgane kI andhakArapUrNa ceSTA karatA hai, nArI calatI hai / arthAt nArI jIvana meM hai, jIvana kI hai aura puruSa jIvana ke viparIta dizA-sAmajasya meM hai / krAntikArI dala kA nAyaka hariprasanna bhAgane kI koziza karatA hai| bhAgane kA upadeza detA hai aura gRhiNI sunItA bhAgane ke virodha meM jyoti-dAna karatI hai| vismaya kI bAta yaha hai / puruSa bhAga sakatA hai, para nArI aura sunItA kI nArI nahIM bhAga sakatI-usake bhAgane kA dvAra rakSaka se ghirA hai / puruSa ke dvAra para koI rakSaka nahIM hai / samAjabodha ke vargIkRta puruSa aura nArI kA vAstavavAdI paryavekSaNa yaha hai| uddhRta kathopakathana kI antima paMkti meM nArI-satya udbhAsita hai-nArI kA maryAdAvAda / nArI ke jIvana-dvAra para rakSaka, upasthita hai, ataeva usakI sthiti puruSa se bhinna hai| saMgharSa niSThA kI ekAgra pavitratA aura sahaja bhAvApanna jIvana kI sAttvikatA nArI aura 'sunItA' kI sunItA nArI arthAt 'sunItA' kI pradhAna nArI meM avazya hai| puruSa ke do rUpa haiM-hariprasanna aura zrIkAnta / puruSa kA hariprasanna kahatA hai......"bhAga jApro / vakta rahe, taba taka bhAga jaano|" yadi puruSa kA yaha Adeza jIvana meM svIkAra kara liyA jAya, taba jIvana jIvana se dUra ho jaaygaa| manuSya TUTa jAyagA, manuSya-sauSThava samApta ho jAyagA,

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www. A rrrr.virarror 226 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva jIvana-garimA kI samApti ho jaaygii| puruSa kA zrIkAnta kahatA hai-"hama loga durgama patha se dUra haTakara sugama rAha pakar3akara cala rahe haiM to kyA usa patha ke pathika ko samajhanA jAnate haiM / harI, ghabar3AnA nhiiN| hama TUTe to TUTeM, para tuma mata jhukanA, nirmama rahanA, bar3hate rahanA / " hariprasanna aura zrIkAnta puruSa ko pUrNa karate haiN| zrIkAnta durgama patha kA pathika nahIM, vaha sahaja mArga kA avalambana karatA hai, kintu durgama patha ke pathika ko samajhanA jAnatA hai / "hama TUTeM to TUTeM, para tuma mata jhukanA, nirmama rahanA, bar3hate rahanA"-isa preraNAbharI aura jIvanamayI abhivyakti-garimA ke dvArA upanyAsa kA uttarArda aura hariprasanna-uttarArddha ke rUpa aura kArya, apratyakSa rUpa se, nirdezita hote haiN| hariprasanna bhAgane kA hRdaya-parivartana aura samujjvala zuddhikaraNa saMskAra sampanna karatA hai| vaha apane se bhAganA nahIM cAhatA, apane se nikala calanA cAhatA hai| saMbhava hai ki hariprasanna ke bhAgane kI taiyArI apane se nikala calane kI hI bhUmikA ho, kyoMki lAkhoM mohatAja haiM, trasta haiM, unake duHkha kI taula ho sakatI hai ? vaha duHkha ghara meM baiThakara kaise mAlUma ho ? vaha duHkha kyA unakA hI hai jinako mila rahA hai ? kyA tuma aura hama nirdoSa kI bhAMti alaga raha pAveM ? kyA hama samajhe ki usakI A~ca hameM to lagatI nahIM, taba hameM kyA ? para yaha galata hai| bAhara bhA~ca ho taba koTharI meM apane ko mUMda lene meM bacAva nahIM hogaa| A~kha mUda lenA kAphI nahIM hai| ataeva hariprasanna sunItA se vahI cAhatA hai jo apane se cAhatA hai / vaha apane se bahuta cAhatA hai-usake apane se cAhane meM hI samAjabodha kA jIvana-vaibhava hai, samAjabodha kA buddhatva bhii| tathAkathita vyaktivAda ke nAma para jainendra kI vyaktitAttvikatA kA samucita Adara nahIM kiyA gayA / vyakti-tAttvikatA meM jainendra ne samAjabodha kA samaSTi-satya abhivyakta kiyA hai / jainendra ke samAja-bodha ke samaSTi-satya kI jIvana-prakriyA aura kalA-prakriyA ke mUlyAMkana kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai / jainendra ne samaSTigata samAja-bodha aura samAja-satya ko vyakti-prAntarikatA aura vyaktitAttvikatA ke khaMDa citroM meM nirUpita kiyA hai| piMDa meM brahmAMDa kA digdarzana karane vAle jainendra ne samaSTi-sasya ko vyaktisatya kI tAttvikatA meM samAhita kara diyA hai / jainendra-nirUpita vyakti-satya kI tAttvikatA meM samaSTi-niSThA kI jAgarUkatA hai, samariTa-niSThA kA jAgarUka jIvana; jainendra-nirUpita vyakti-bodha aura vyakti-satya saMvedanAtmaka Adarza ke dRSTikoNa se

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana- pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 227 anubhUti ke gaMbhIra stara para dRSTigata karane ke viSaya haiN| merI rAya meM, sunItA ke vyakti satya meM samaSTi-niSThA hai, vyakti garimA kI samaSTijanya jIvana-niSThA hai / vyakti - garimA ko samaSTijanya jIvana-niSThA ko maiM sunItA niSThA kahU~gA / vyaktiparaka saMvedanAtmaka tAttvikatA ko jainendra ne samAja - bodha kI jIvana-niSThA dI hai| jainendra kI vyakti - garimA jIvana niSThA se paripUrNa hai, apanI sahanazakti aura vahana-zakti ke anusAra sAmAjikatA, tAttvikatA aura saMvedanAtmakatA kA paricaya vaha detI hai / jainendra kA vyatIta apavAda jainendra ke vyaSTitaMtra meM nAmapaMthI pratikriyAvAda avazya hai / sunItA-hRdaya ke vyAmoha meM sunItA svIkAra karatI hai - " pati hI meM to nArI kI sampUrNa kRtArthatA hai / " kalyANI- paridhi ke prativAda meM nArI kA kRtArtha ho jAnA hai, kalyANI kI nArI yaha mAnatI hai / sunItA socane kI bar3I sthiti meM hai - " maiM isa ghara se TUTa kara jAU~gI to jiU~gI nahIM isI ghara kI dIvAroM ke bhItara merA sthAna hai / ghara baMdhana hai, to ho; lekina mujhe to mokSa bhI yahA~ hI pAnA hai / " ghara se sunItA TUTatI nahIM, TUTa nahIM pAtI / nArI ke prati jainendra kA dRSTikoNa yaha prakaTa karatA hai / 'sunItA' ke patnItva aura nArItva meM paMcazIla siddhAMta pratipAdita aura kAryAnvita kiyA gayA hai / sunItA - cintana ke Aloka meM 'sukhadA' kA adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai jainendra vicAra - sAkSAtkAra ke kathAkAra haiM / vicAra-sAkSAtkAra ko jainendra ne yathArthavimukha Adarza se pariveSThita nahIM kiyA- vicAra sAkSAtkAra ko yathArtha kI jIvana - garimA aura jIvana-niSThA pradAna kI hai| jainendra kA vicAra - sAkSAtkAra vicAravAda se bhinna hai --- vicAravAda meM jIvana-niSThA kA tAttvika sauMdarya nahIM rahatA / jainendra kA 'tyAgapatra' mUlapravRtti, nArItva aura vyakti-satyoM kI kathA hai / 'tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla jainendra ke nArI-darzana ko eka bar3I sImA taka spaSTa karatI hai / vastutaH 'tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla apane meM eka vAda hai - jainendra kI nArI kA pratinidhi pAtra / mRNAla meM nArI kI mUla pravRttiyoM aura bhAratavAda kA astitva-saMgharSa hai arthAt mRNAlavAda hai / mRNAlavAda ko jainendra ne 'tyAgapatra' kA astittva- zrAdhAra pradAna kiyA hai / mRNAlavAda jainendra-ciMtana ke mArga meM hai, jainendra-ciMtana kA carama lakSya nhiiN| jainendra ke upanyAsavAda kA 'mainiphesTo' athavA jainendra ke upanyAsavAda kI mAcAra sahitA nahIM / 'tyAgapatra' upanyAsa jainendra ke vyakti-bodhAtmaka upanyAsavAda kA paricAyaka hai | 'tyAgapatra' ke jAgarUka mAdhyama se jainendra ne sAhitya meM eka vAda vizeSa kA

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NAVARANAMAHARMA/54 228 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva pravartana kiyA jise maiM tyAgapatravAda kahanA cAhU~gA / tyAgapatravAda phAyaDa se vizeSatayA prabhAvita hai / parantu tyAgapatravAda meM bhArata-anviti arthAt bhAratIya-saMskRti ke prati jIvita jAgarUkatA aura bhAratIya maryAdA upasthita hai| pramoda 'tyAgapatra' kA nAyaka hai / pramoda tyAgapatra-puruSa hai / mRNAla ke prati tyAgapatra-puruSa kA AkarSaNa-uttApa kevala ziSTa pArivArikatA nahIM hai / tyAgapatrapuruSa ke mRNAlaparaka pAkarSaNa-uttApa meM pracchanna vAsanA kA iMdrajAla hai jisameM mUlapravRttiyoM kA vaibhava aura pArivArikatA ke raMga haiM / mRNAla pramoda kI bunA hI nahIM, pramoda ke lie kucha aura bhI hai / pramoda ke mRNAlaparaka "kucha aura" meM hI jainendra kA pramoda-nirUpaNa nihita hai / pramoda ke jIvana kA mRNAlavAda vastutaH vyaktiparaka, vyaktibodhAtmaka niSThA hai, jisa para mUla-pravRttiyoM kA bhAratavAda car3hA huA. hai / pramoda kA yAgapatra mRNAlavAda kI pratikriyA hai, jIvana ke maNAlavAda kI pratikriyA hai, mUla-pravRttiyoM ke mAnava aura samAja-satyoM ke mAnava ke astittva-saMgharSa meM madhyamamArga kA cayana hai / 'tyAgapatra' apanI AkAra-laghatA ke bAvajUda bhI, jainendra ke upalabdhi. sAnnidhya kA paricAyaka hai / krAMtikArIdala prAdi se sambaMdha rakhane vAlI jainendra kI bahuvijJApita kathAvastu se bilkula bhinna 'tyAgapatra' kI kathAvastu hai / 'tyAgapatra' meM vivarta', 'sunItA,' 'sukhadA', 'tapobhUmi' Adi kA krAMtivAda nahIM hai / jainendraparaka krAMtivAda kI ekarUpatA ke kAraNa jainendra ke upanyAsa kathAvastu-vaibhinya upasthita nahIM karate, pratyukta eka atyaMta sImita kSetra meM eka vizeSa prakAra kA kathAvastuvAda kA paricaya dete haiM / tyAgapatra' meM jaineMdra kA kathAvastuvAda nahIM, kathAvastu hai / kathAvastu hai, ima. lie saprANa hai, jIvana ke vizeSa nikaTa haiM / lokavAda athavA sAmAjikatA kA jvara sAhitya ko jIvanamaya nahIM banA detA / pracalita arthoM meM jaineMdra lokavAdI nahIM, lokavAda ke jvara se pIr3ita nhiiN| jainendra meM samAja-bodha kA satya hai, sAmAjikatA kA jvara nhiiN| kathAvastuvAda kathAvastu ko paMgu banA detA hai / abhivyakta kara cukA hU~ ki 'tyAgapatra' meM jainendra kA kathAvastuvAda nahIM hai / isalie, 'tyAga patra' meM mArmikatA kI dhapa hai, jainendra kA vivartavAda nahIM / 'vivarta'-kathAnaka ko jainendra ne revenyU TikaTa kI taraha apane upanyAsoM meM cipakAyA hai / vivarta-kathAnaka ko jainendra ne hastagata kara liyA hai, jainendra upanyAsavAda meM vivarta-kathAnaka ke mAdhyama bana ge| jainendra vivarta-kathAnaka ke baMdI haiM / vivarta kathAnaka ne jainendra ko upayoga meM lAyA hai / vivarta-kathAnaka ko hI maiM vivartavAda kahatA hU~ / vivartavAda ke prati jainendra kA pUrvAgraha anAmaMtrita atithi kI taraha praveza karatA rahA hai| 'tyAgapatra' kA vivarta

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jainendra ke jayavardhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 226 pRthakatva tyAgapatra' ko viziSTatA kA mahimAmaya Aloka pradAna karatA hai| 'vivarta' athavA virvata-bhUmi se merA virodha nahIM : jIvana kA lekhaka virvata kI avahelanA nahIM karegA, krAnti ko vaha virATa arthoM meM avazya svIkAra karegA, kintu jainendra ne apane upanyAso meM vivarta ko eka sampradAya kA rUpa diyA hai, jo mujhe vizeSa pasanda nahIM / sAhitya sampradAya kA sevaka nahIM hotA / vaha jIvana zAsita hai, jIvana sampradAya nahIM hotA / vivarta bhUmi tathAkathita krAnti kI ugra bhUmi hai, kintu krAnti ko jIvana ke virAT arthoM meM svIkAra karanA cAhiye, sampradAya ke rUpa meM nahIM / kheda hai ki jainendra kI krAnti-kathA-bhUmi krAnti ko 'vAda' kA rUpa detI hai-~-krAntivAda, jise jainendra ke vivarta ke AdhAra para vivartavAda maiMne kahA hai / jainendra ke kathAnaka kA vivartavAda 'tyAgapatra' meM nahIM hai| isalie bhI, maiM 'tyAgapatra' ko jainendra-sAhitya kA mIla stambha mAnatA hU~ / 'tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla meM jainendra kA vyaktibodha mUlapravRtti ke Aloka meM prakAzAnvita hai / 'vyatIta' kI nArI se bhinna mRNAla hai| 'vyatIta' kI anitA aura candrakalA mRNAla nahIM hai / 'vyatIta' meM jainendra kA vyakti-darzana bhraSTa ho gayA hai| 'vyatIta' kA vyakti-darzana eka sampradAya ke rUpa meM pAyA hai, jisa para vyakti-vAstava athavA vyakti-bodha se bahuta jyAdA vyakti-riktatA aura samAja-pRthakatva hAvI hai| jainendra kA vyatIta-darzana arthAta vyatItavAda vyaktibodhAtmakatA ke prati vyakti kA vizvAsa samApta kara detA hai, vyakti ke vizvAsa kA balAtkAra karatA hai| vyakti satyoM ke sAtha jainendra ne ' tIta' ke aneka sthaloM para balAtkAra kiyA hai| 'vyatIta' kA jayantavAda isa tathya kA sAkSI hai ki jainendra tathAkathita vyaktivAda ke samAja meM vyakti-satya ke sAtha balAtkAra bhI kara sakate haiN| jainendra kA jayanta vyakti-tathya ke prati aparAdhI hai / jayanta horIvAda nahIM, vaha horI-pRthaktA kA janmajAta rogI hai| kintu pravRddha pAThaka imaliye jayanta ke prati anAsthA nahIM pAlita karatA / pAtroM kA horIvAdI honA Avazyaka nahI / jayanta ke prati anAsthA ke anya kAraNa haiN| 'tyAgapatra' meM pramoda jayantavAda se pIr3ita nahIM hai| tyAgapatra-puruSa vyaktidarzana ke AdhAra para samAja-pRthakatva aura sAmAjika riktatA kA poSaka nhiiN| pramoda ke tyAgapatra meM jayanta-uttarrAddha nahIM hai, pramoda ke andara pala rahe mRNAlavAda kI pratikriyA hai| pramoda kA mRNAla-AkarSaraNa vyakti-tathyoM ke prati AsthA kA pAloka pradAna karatA hai. vyakti ko vyakti-satyoM aura vyakti tathyoM ke dharAtala para rakhatA hai, vyatItavAda kA vyAmoha nahIM racatA / pramodaparaka mRgAla-aAkarSaNa vastutaH mUlapravRtti

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230 janendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kI Adi garimA meM prajvalita hai| pramodavAdI mRNAla-pAkarSaNa kI bahuvijJApita pArivArikatA meM sAmAjika zlIlatA kA AvaraNa hai, kevala zuddha pArivArikatA nhiiN| usameM pracchanna vAsanA kA indra-dhanuSa hai / pramoda kA mRNAla-pAkarSaNa vastutaH vyakti satya kA prakAzastambha hai, vyakti kI mUlapravRttiyoM meM hI zAmila hai| pratyeka vyakti pramoda kI hI taraha kisI mRNAla ke prati pracchanna vAsanA kI paMkhar3iyAM lekara prAkarSita hotA hai, mUla pravRtti kI garimA vyakti ko mUla rUpa se hastagata karatI hai| vaha samAja ke bAhya AvaraNa ko vizeSa mahattA nahIM pradAna krtii| mRNAla pramoda kI bunA hai, para pramoda kI hama-umra bhI hai; pramoda usake rUpa kI jvAlA ke dAha ko mUla bhUta anubhUti kI mArmika gambhIratA meM anubhUta karatA hai "bumA kA taba kA rUpa socatA hU~ to daMga raha jAtA hai| aisA rUpa kaba kisako vidhAtA detA hai / jaba detA hai, taba kadAcita usakI kImata bhI vasUla kara lene kI mana-hI-mana nIyata usakI rahatI hai|" rUpa ko jainendra ne, pramoda-abhivyakti ke zabdoM meM, vidhAtA kA varadAna mAnA hai / rUpa para vidhAtAvAda kA Aropa jainendra kI prAstikatA kA paricAyaka hai| rUpa kI "kImata vasUla kara lene kI-mana-hI mana nIyata" vidhAtA kI rahatI hai| isa paMkti meM jainendra ke rUpa-darzana kA rahasya hai| pramoda kI mRNAla pravaNatA ko pracalita arthoM meM pApa kI saMjJA de denA zAyada ucita nahIM hogaa| 'tyAgapatra' kI prathama paMkti yaha hai / "nahIM bhAI, pApa-puNya kI samIkSA mujhase na hogI ....." pramodaparaka mRNAlapravaNatA meM pApa-puNya kA samIkSAtmaka dRSTikoNa nahIM hai / pApa-puNya ko samIkSAtmaka dRSTikoNa se pramoda grahaNa nahIM krtaa| bhagavatIcaraNa varmA ke 'citralekhA' upanyAsa kA pApa-puNya vivecana 'tyAgapatra' meM nahIM hai, kyoki vyakti ko janendra ne AdhArabhUta satyoM meM rakhakara dekhane kA prayatna kiyA hai / pramodaparaka mRNAla pravaNatA, mRNAla-pravRtti arthAt vyakti ke tyAgapatra-puruSa kA mRNAla-vatavAda vyakti kA vyakti satya hai| yaha vyakti-satya mRNAlavAda-abhivyakta vyakti satya hai / vyakti pramoda kA AdhArabhUta mRNAlavAda hai| pramoda kA tyAgapatra yadyapi bhAvukatA se dUra nahIM hai, kintu vaha vyakti aura pramoda ke vyakti-satya ke mRNAlavAda kI mauna pratikriyA bhI hai| 'syAgapatra' par3hakara ajJeya kA upanyAsa 'zekhara : eka jIvanI' kI yAda karane ko jI cAhatA hai| 'tyAgapatra' ke prArambha meM mAsTara jI kA prasaMga aMgrejI upanyAsakAra-cArlsa Dikensa (Charles Dickens) kA upanyAsa 'hArDa TAimsa' (Hard Times) kI yAda tAjA karatA hai / para, 'hArDa TAimsa' ke prArambha meM darzita paMDagriMDa-zikSaNa aura tyAga

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jainendra ke jayavarsana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 231 patra ke prArambha meM varNita mAsTara jI ke prasaMga meM vipula antara hai| 'tyAgapatra' meM bAla-manovijJAna kA acchA citraNa hai / 'tyAgapatra' mUlataH manovijJAna se jyAdA se jyAdA sambandha rakhane vAlI hindI kI bahumUlya kRti hai / pramoda kA mRNAla-pAkarSaNa aura mRNAla kA pramoda-pAkarSaNa ! 'tyAgapatra' ke dvimukhI pAkarSaNa kA jIvana hai-samAja-sambandha kA vargIkaraNa mUlapravRtti vAda kI avahelanA nahIM kara sakatA / 'tyAgapatra' variNata mRNAlaparaka pramoda-pAkarSaNa pracchanna vAsanA kA indra dhanuSa hai| ....... usa roja rAta ko vaha mujhe bahuta dera taka apane se cipaTAye rhiiN| pUchane lagI-'pramoda ! tU mujhe pyAra karatA hai ?" sunakara binA kucha bole maiMne apanA muha unakI chAtI ke ghoMsale meM aura dubakA liyaa| isa para vaha bolIM'pramoda, maiM tujhe bahuta pyAra karatI huuN|" yaha pyAra nahIM, mRNAla kI kAmukatA hai / yahA~ para bhAratIya maryAdAvAda kA ullaMghana huA hai / apane bhAI ke hI putra, jo usakA hamaumra hai, ke sAtha yaha vyavahAra maryAdAvAdiyoM ko nissandeha mAnya nahIM hogA, nahIM hogaa| bahadhA pati ke netRtva meM janendra kI nArI kA aMdha-vizvAsa hotA hai| 'sukhadA' isa kSetra meM eka spaSTa apavAda avazya hai / mRNAla ko vizvAsa hai ki pati kA ghara svarga hotA hai, kintu pati kA ghara usake lie svarga nahIM siddha ho paataa| 'kalyANI' kI nAyikA ko vizvAsa hai ki pati kA ghara svarga hotA hai, kintu pati kA ghara usake lie bhI svarga siddha nahIM ho pAtA / 'sukhadA' kI nAyikA ke lie pati kA ghara svarga nahIM siddha ho pAtA / 'sunItA' apavAda avazya hai / tyAgapatra' kI nArI vezyA nahIM, usane vezyAvRtti nahIM kii| tyAgapatra-nArI ke abhivyaktivAda ke zabdoM meM "..... "jisako tana diyA, usase paisA kaise liyA jA sakatA hai, yaha merI samajha meM nahIM pAtA / tana dene kI jarUrata maiM samajha sakatI huuN| tana de sakUgI / zAyada vaha anivArya ho / para lenA kaise ? dAna strI kA dharma hai| nahIM to usakA aura kyA dharma hai ? usase mana mA~gA jAyagA, tana bhI mAMgA jaaygaa| satI kA Adarza aura kyA hai ? para usakI bikrIna, na, yaha na hogA / " tyAgapatranArI kA jIvana-darzana tyAgapatra nArI ke hI zabdoM meM abhivyakta huA hai| mRNAla bhrama ke prati sadaya hai / bhrama ke prati mRNAla kA sadaya honA zAyada dAyitva-kRtajJatA hai| pati-bhrama ke vyakti ke lie mRNAla kA yaha kathana hai-"maiM use usake parivAra ko lauTA kara hI mAnUMgI / aba samaya pAyA hai ....." isI vyakti para mRNAla Azrita

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232 janedra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva hai / mRNAla kA garbha isI puruSa kA hai / taba mRNAla kI yaha ukti mRNAla kI ujjvalatA kA paricaya detI hai / isa vyakti ke prati mRNAla kA tathAkathita pativrata dharma mRNAla kI nArItva - saMzliSTatA ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / durjana logoM kI sadbhAvanA hI bAda meM mRNAla kI pU~jI bana jAtI hai| durjana kahe jAne vAle logoM ke bahuta andara vaha praveza karatI hai, taba anubhUti vaha prApta karatI hai ki "saba ke abhyantara meM paramAtmA hai / vaha sarvAntaryAmI hai, sarvavyApI hai|" mRNAla ke bhItara kI zraddhA TUTatI nahIM, usake bhItara kI zraddhA usa para ghirI rahatI hai| zraddhA ke TUTane para hI vaha puruSa zrAhvAna kara sakatI hai| zrIra, vaha avasara nahIM AyA / vaha samAja ke tathAkathita nimna varga ke niSThApUrvaka kalyANa kI prArthinI hai / tabhI vaha pramoda se kaha sakI - "khUba kamA aura kamAkara saba isa gaDDhe meM lA paTakA kara / sunA ki nhiiN| rupaye ke jora se yaha naraka-kuNDa svarga bana sakatA hai, aisA to maiM nahIM mAnatI / phira bhI rupayA kucha-na-kucha kAma nA sakatA hai / " sahI thoM meM, pU~jI kI jIvana sArthakatA kA bhAva yahAM nivedita hai, paise kI jIvanaparaka kRtArthatA se vaMcita nahIM / aura, yaha pramoda yaha nahIM kara sakA / isI kI pratikriyA pramoda kA tyAgapatra hai, zIrSaka meM kathA kI sArthakatA hai / jainendra ne sRSTi-lIlA ke sampUrNatva ko jagatpitA kI chAyA meM dekhA hai / jainendra ke anusAra parama kalyANamaya kA apanI lIlA kA vistRtIkaraNa sRSTi kA rahasya- darzana hai / parama kalyANamaya jagatpitA hai, jagatpitA parama kalyANamaya hai / jainendra kA prAstikatA se paripUrNa jAgarUka cetanAvAda cintana-mudrA meM hai-- " parama - kalyANamaya, terI kalyANIya lIlA ko maiM nahIM jAnatA huuN| phira bhI rone-bilakhane kI AvAz2a to cAroM ora se mere kAnoM meM bharI A rahI hai / yaha kyA hai, pro jagatpitA ! terI lIlA ke nIce yaha saba ArtanAda kyA hai ?" jainendra kA cintaka sRSTi ke prArtanAda kA mUla kAraNa jAnanA cAhatA hai, jIvana aura sRSTi meM parivyApta rudana aura prArtanAda bhAva ko samajhanA cAhatA hai / vaha jagatpitA se kalyANa kI hI AzA rakhatA hai, isIlie vaha use parama kalyANamaya ke rUpa meM sambodhita karatA hai| pitA apanI saMtAnoM kA kalyANa kaise kara sakatA hai ? aura Izvara to pitA hI nahIM, jagatpitA hai / jagatpitA se hamArA sambandha jIvana- graharaNa aura jIvana-visarjana kA sambandha hai / lIlA jagatpitA kI hai, parama kalyANamaya kI hai; jIte-marate hama haiM / jainendra kA cintana ghanatva sRSTi ke rahasyodghATana meM jAgarUka hai, jIvanayApana aura maraNa ke kyA kAraNa haiM ? jIvana- ceSTA zraura jIvana- prayatna kyA hai ? kyoM haiM ? anuttarita praznoM

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 233 kI sadARtu ! praznoM kA mauna himAcala, samujjvala himAcala ! kintu, jainendra kA tatvakathana hai - " bhItara uttara hai, bAhara bhI saba kahIM vahI vaha likhA hai / jo jAnatA hai, par3ha / jo jaisA jAnatA hai, vaisA hI pddh'e| vaha uttara kabhI nahIM cukatA hai / prakhila sRSTi svayaM meM uttara hI to hai / apane prazna kA vaha zrApa hI uttara hai / " tatvadarzI jainendra kA tattva-darzana yahA~ zrabhivyakta huA hai / jainendra gItAvAdI haiN| karma-phala ko hI jIvana kA jIvana-sArAMza mAnate haiM / jainendra ke cintana puruSa ke zabdoM meM, "kaho ki jo hai, karmaphala hai / " karma phala hI pramukha hai / tAMtvika trAsa - plAvana jainendra ke cintaka aura kathAkAra kI vizeSatA hai / jainendra ke cintana meM samAja - pRthaktva nahIM, samAja-cintana hai, samAja kA zrAdhAra ciMtana astitva - cintana hai | jainendra bodha kA samAja - zrAdhAra cintana apane nijatva ke prati jAgarUka hai / apane ko samAja kI jar3oM meM sIMca denA samAja ke phalane-phUlane kA upAya / yaha jainendra kA mArga hai| AtmA ko khokara sAmrAjya prApti kI prAkAMkSA jainendra kI nahIM rahI / kisI bhI paristhiti meM AtmA ke binA sAmrAjya jainendra mArga meM grAhya nahIM / AtmA sRSTi kA tAtvika ratna hai, zeSa dhUla kA Dhera hai / ratna-Dhera khokara dhUla ke Dhera kI AkAMkSA karanA mUrkhatA nahIM to aura kyA hai ? jainendra ne jIvana aura sRSTi, puruSa aura nArI ke aneka praznoM aura vyakti tathA vyakti satya kI AntarikatA ko apane cintana kA AdhAra banAyA hai / mAnava jIvana kI gati, jainendra ke anusAra, apratirodha hai, aMdhI nahIM / mAnava jIvana paribhramaNa nahIM, parikramA hai| jIvana manuSya kA parikramAvAdI hotA hai-paribhramaNa hotA nahIM / sImAe bar3I haiM, sImAoM kA himAlaya bar3A hai / mUla jIvana ko jainendra ne dhyAnapUrvaka dekhA hai, jAgarUkatA kI sthiti meM dekhA hai / jIvana - vahirantara ke aMgAroM ko jainendra ne cimaTe se pakar3a kara dekhA hai / jIvana kI zrAntarikatA meM jainendra ne praveza karane ke dRr3ha prayatna kie haiN| praveza kiyA bhI hai| parikramA paribhramaNa kA bhrama hai, paribhramaNa kA satya nahIM / gati satya hai / gati parikramA kI bhI hotI hai, hotI hI hai / bandinI gati / jIvana aura sRSTi kA sAra hai - vedanA | jainendra ke zabdoM meM, "mAnava calatA jAtA hai aura bU~da-bU~da darda ikaTThA hokara usake bhItara bharatA jAtA hai| vahI sAra hai / vahI jamA huA darda mAnava kI mAnasamariNa hai / usake prakAza meM mAnava kA gatipatha ujjvala hogaa| nahIM to cAroM zrora gahana vana hai, kisI ora mArga sUjhatA nahIM hai aura mAnava apanI sudhA tRSA, rAga-dveSa, mAna-moha meM bhaTakatA phiratA hai| yahA~ jAtA hai, vahA~ jAtA hai / para asala meM vaha

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234 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kahIM nahIM jAtA; eka hI jagaha para apane hI jue meM baMdhA humA kolha ke baila kI taraha cakkara mAratA rahatA hai / " yahA~ jainendra kA tattva darzana abhivyakta humA hai / apane bhItara dUMda-bUda ikaTThA humA darda hI jIvana kA sAra hai, zeSa saba chilake haiN| chilakoM ke lie jIvana kA balidAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / chilakoM kA mUlya hI kitanA ho sakatA hai ? bhItara kA darda jainendra kA iSTa hai / dhana nahIM, mana caahiye| kyoMki, jainendra prAtmadarzI haiM, tattvadarzI haiM, jIvanadarzI haiN| jainendra pUjIvAdI lekhaka nahIM, jainendrakathana hai-'dhana maila hai / ' darda kI kRtajJatApUrNa svIkRti meM se satya nikalegA, prakAza avatarita hogaa| aMdhakAra kI khAla pror3hakara hama mAnava-saMskRti kI viparIta dizA meM jA rahe haiM / usa dizA meM samujjvala pIr3A kI jIvana-sArthakatA nahIM, bhrama kA cakravyUha hai| vidhAtA se jainendra ne mAnava-nijatA kA sambandha prANapratiSThita kiyA hai| manuSya kA duHkha vidhAtA kA hI duHkha hai / manuSya kA mUlabhUta nijatva arthAt prAdhAranijatva vidhAtA kA hI nijatva hai / nijatva ke mArga aura rUpa bhinna hote haiM, basa / bhrama jIvana ke lie anivArya nahIM / bhrama kI AvazyakatA jIvana meM nahIM par3anI cAhie / bhrama ke binA bhI hama jI sakate haiM / sacamuca meM, bhrama ke binA hI hameM jI lenA caahie| ___'tyAgapatra' darzana aura manovijJAna kI sAmaMjasya-bhUmi hai, Aloka-bhUmi hai / darzana aura manovijJAna ke dvArA 'tyAgapatra' kI kahAnI niyaMtrita hai| 'tapobhUmi' meM lekhaka ke sthAna para jainendra kumAra aura RSabhacaraNa ke nAma haiN| svayaM jainendra ne 13-12-1962 I0 ke eka patra meM mujhe likhA thA-"tapobhUmi kA lagabhaga do tihAI aMza merA hai / likhe pRSTha merI ora se radda ho cuke the / RSabhacaraNa ne una raddI kAgajoM ko liyA aura kahA ki vaha khuda kahAnI pUrI banA denA cAhatA hai| maiMne jela se likha diyA ki merI balA se, jo cAhe karo; maiM usa likhe ko bhUla gayA huuN|" 'tapobhUmi' kA dhariNI-prasaMga aMgrejI upanyAsakAra phIlDiMga (John Fielding) ke upanyAsa 'Toma jonsa' (Tom Jones) se prabhAvita hai| kintu 'tapobhUmi' kA kitanA aMza jainendra kA hai aura kitanA aMza RSabhacaraNa kA, yaha spaSTa nahIM hotaa| 'sukhadA' meM sukhadA kI kathA sukhadA svayaM kahatI hai / sukhadA kI nAyikA svayaM sukhadA hai, jaise 'sunItA' ko nAyikA sunItA aura 'kalyANI' kI nAyikA svayaM

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jainendra ke jayavaddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 235 klyaannii| sukhadA kI kathA kA DhaMga aMgrejI upanyAsakAra DaeNniyala DiphI (Daniel Dofos) ke maoNla phlanDarsa (Moll Flanders) upanyAsa ke DhaMga kA hai / sukhadA meM vAstava meM jainendra ne jIvana kA sukhadA-satya spaSTa kiyA hai / rItApana kA dhudhalA ThaharAva usake andara hai / sukhadA ke hI zabdoM meM, "cAroM ora se kATa-kATakara apane ko alaga karatI gaI, aura ekAkI banakara jidhara bhAgatI huI calI AI hai, vahA~ dekhatI hU~-reta, reta, reta ! kevala mRgatRSNikA / jala vahA~ nahIM hai, reta hI lahalahAtI mAlUma hotI rahI hai / aba thaka rahI hU~ / dama bAkI nahIM raha gayA hai / bhItara kA neha isa bhAgadaur3a meM sukhAtI rahI huuN| aba saba cuka gayA mAlUma hotA hai / aise samaya isa apAra registAna ke bIca A par3I hU~-Upara tapatI ghAma, nIce jalatI bAlU, cAroM mora vijanatA / lauTane taka kA upAya nahIM / dama kaba TUTakara sAtha chor3atA hai, yahI eka bATa hai|" jIvana kI yaha sukhadA-sthiti hai-sukhadAvAda / jIvana kA sUkhadA-pranthi se pIr3ita vAtAvaraNa-dama TUTa jAne kA kAlA-kAlA intaz2Ara / kintu, apane suprasiddha 1 upanyAsa 'kalyANI' meM jainendra mRtyu ko anAgata kA viSaya mAnate haiM aura anAgata jAnane kA adhikAra svIkAra nahIM kara pAte / sukhadA vyaSTi-saMzliSTatA ke antarjIvana se paripUrNa hai / sukhadA-sthiti meM dizA-samApti nahIM hai / maraNottara gati meM AsthA use hai / jIvana ko paribhramaNa ke mahAcakra meM saMcAlita vaha parilakSita karatI hai / paraloka kI tathAkathita pUjI dharmagranthi athavA dhArmika jar3atA se usane apane ko vaMcita rakhA hai / isa pAra kI karuNA ko usa pAra bhI kAryAnvita karanA usakI icchA rahI hai| ekAkIvAda kI uttarakAlIna sthiti se paripUrNa prAtma-pIr3ana aura trAsa meM sukhadA kevala reta hI pAtI hai-mRgatRSNikA / jala nahIM, reta kA sUkhA sAgara / thakAvaTa kA gahana andhakAra / sukhadA ke anusAra, "strI ke bhI hRdaya hotA hai, aura vaha bhI kucha dAyitva rakhatI hai / usake buddhi bhI hotI hai aura vaha nirNaya kara sakatI hai|" yaha ThIka hai, kintu svayaM sukhadA ne strItva kA samucita upayoga nahIM kiyA, strItva kA ekapakSIya aura ekAMgI pratipAdana kiyaa| aura, pariNAma ? reta kA samudra-basa / jindagI kA ukhar3a gayA dharAtala haaN| jainendra kA trAsavAda mana kI bhAva-graMthiyoM kA satahI trAsa hai / sukhadA ke pati ne sukhadA se kahA

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva ____ "jo tumhArI z2indagI hai, use pUrI taraha svIkAra karo...''tumako tuma na rahane dekara maiM kyA pAU~gA ? tumako pAU~gA to tabhI, jaba tuma ho|" kintu sukhadA kI jIvana-parAjaya ke kyA kAraNa hai ? sunItA palAyana-svIkRti kA andhakAra grahaNa nahIM karatI, jIvana-parAjaya usase DaratI hai| sunItA aura sukhadA meM maulika antara hai--sunItA basa gaI, sukhadA ukhar3a gii| jIvana kI do vibhinna sthitiyoM kA pratIkAtmaka pratipAdana sunItA aura sukhadA karatI haiN| sunItA--cintana abhivyakta hotA hai-"kintu saca, parivAra hI kyA vyaktitva kI paridhi hai ? kyA maiM isI meM bItU? kyA ise tor3akara, lA~dhakara eka bar3e hita meM kho jAne ko maiM Age bar3ha? usa vistRta hita ke liye jiU~, usI ke lie marU~ to kyA yaha prayukta hai, adharma hai ? ...... "maiM isa ghara se TUTakara jAU~gI to jiU~gI nhiiN|........ isI ghara kI dIvAroM ke bhItara merA sthAna hai / ghara bandhana hai, to ho; lekina mujhe to mokSa bhI yahA~ hI pAnA hai / " aura sukhadA socatI hai ki "ghara meM strI kitanI parAdhIna hai / vahA~ usakI unnati ke mArga prAyaH banda hI haiN|......''yh eka cakkara hai, jisameM jIvana kI... sphUrti nahIM hai| sirpha eka krama hai, aura hara vyatikrama aparAdha / " isIlie, sunItA aura sukhadA kI parisamApti meM gaharA antara hai / 'sunItA' meM zrIkAnta aura hariprasanna mitra haiM, mitratA kI U~cI paribhASA ke mitra / 'sUkhadA' meM sukhadA kA pati aura harIza eka dUsare ke bAlasakhA haiM / sUnItAkathA-sAmIpya 'sukhadA' meM hai / strItva ke prAvaraNavAda meM sukhadA ne patnItva kA durupayoga kiyA / krAnti, deza kI svataMtratA prAdi para lekhaka ne 'sukhadA' ke mAdhyama se vicAra kiyA hai / 'sukhadA' meM lekhaka ne yaha kahane kA avasara liyA-"hamako Arthika kAryakrama cAhie / rAjanItika pahalA kadama hai, asalI kAma Arthika hai|" 'sukhadA' meM lAla ne kahA- "bacce ko dUdha nahIM mile, zikSA nahIM mile, khuda pUrI khurAka na lI jAe, aura-koziza ho ki santoSa rakheM / yaha itanA bar3A jhUTha vicAra samAja meM calA diyA gayA hai jo hamArI madhyama zreNI ko bhItara se khAe jA rahA hai| Upara se ijjata rakhanI par3atI hai| bhItara se santoSa rakhanA par3atA hai / isa dvandva se z2indagI phaTI jA rahI hai|" pArivArika nahIM, sAmAjika saMskRti kA nArA jainendra ne 'sukhadaH' meM bulanda kiyA hai| 'sukhadA' meM harIza, lAla, prabhAta Adi caritra jainendra ke vyaktibodhavAda kI

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wwwnner artvcomwww jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 237 avahelanA karate haiM / kintu premacanda kA vargavAda yahAM nahIM, usameM rAjanItika dalavAda pramukha hai / sukhadA ko azraddhA ho pAtI hai "usa paddhati ke prati jahA~ vyakti kA mAnava kucala diyA jAtA hai aura vaha kinhIM bAharI AdezoM ke hAthoM jar3a-yaMtra kI bhAMti vyavahAra karatA hai|" vyakti meM mAnava sarvopari hai, ise hama kaise asvIkAra kara sakate haiM ? jainendra jIvana meM AtaMka nahIM, jIvanamayI vyavasthA ke poSaka haiN| prAtaMka ke samakSa janendra aura jainendra ke pAtra ghuTane nahIM Tekate / sukhadA meM trAsa aura Atma-pIr3ana hai / Atma-pIr3ana kI gaMgA hai / strItva ke mUlya-nirdhAraNa meM sukhadA ne zruTi kI hai, isalie jIvana ne usake Age, anta meM, 'parAjayavAda' rakha diyA-parAjaya kA tuSAra-kSetra ! varnA, jIvana se sukhadA kA virodha nahIM thaa| jIvana ne sukhadA kA virodha nahIM kiyA thaa| harIza krAnti dala kA nAyaka hai| kintu aisI paristhiti utpanna ho jAtI hai ki dala bhaMga kara denA par3atA hai / harIza ke hI zabdoM meM, "merA vicAra hai ki dala bhaMga kara denA cAhie / matalaba yaha nahIM ki saba ArAma se baitthe| balki yaha ki apanI-apanI jagaha apanI buddhi se kAma lekara apanI paristhitiyoM meM rAha nikAleM aura jI eka rASTrIya Andolana hamAre bIca dhIre-dhIre uThakara prabala ho rahA hai, usameM apanI jagaha leN|"......kyoNki, "eka lakSya aura eka nIti aba hameM sahaja bhAva se juTAye nahIM rkhtii| bhItara bheda par3a rahA hai / isase maiM kahatA hU~ ki Apa loga jAyeM / halake hokara nahIM, kyoMki kAma bahuta par3A hai aura deza parAdhIna hai| lekina dala kA rUpa aba nahIM rahegA / " jainendra ke harIza kI ina paMktiyoM kA vizeSa rUpa se adhyayana honA caahie| dala bhaMga kyA isIlie huA ki bhItara bheda par3a rahA thA ? bheda kyoM par3a rahA thA ? kyA lAla jaisA jIvanocita vyakti dala ke anurUpa siddha nahIM ho sakatA ? dala meM vyakti kA mAnava samApta ho jAtA hai| bAharI AdarzoM para yaMtra kI bhAMti vaha vyavahRta hotA hai| kyA vyaktibodhI jainendra ne dala bhaMga kara vyakti bodhavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ? dala ko vilIna kara janatA meM kho jAne kA AvAhana sukhadA-vRta meM harIza ne kiyA / janatA meM kho jAnA dalavAda athavA vargavAda nahIM hai| hama jIvana meM apanI paristhitiyoM se rAha nikAleM / dalavAda kA buddhatva janatA meM kho jAnA hai| videzI zAsana arthAt parataMtratA ke tathAkathita nyAya ke samakSa ugra-kAnti ke nAyaka kA prAtmasamarpaNa jainendra kA pratikriyAvAda mAlUma par3atA hai| harIza dvArA jisa rASTrIya Andolana ke prati saMketa hai, vaha gAMdhI-netRtva

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23 = jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva se sambandha rakhatA hai / lekhaka gA~dhIvAdI nahIM, kiMtu 'sukhadA' meM gAMdhI - saMrakSaNatva meM saMcAlita rASTrIya Andolana kA zravyakta rUpa se mahatva pratipAdana karatA hai, kyoMki sukhadA abhivyaMjana meM krAnti kA dala saphala nahIM ho pAtA / vaha mUlataH svayaM gAMdhIvAda svIkAra nahIM karatA / harIza kA AtmasamarpaNa harIza kA ujjvala balidAna nahIM, usakI kAlimAmayI parAjaya hai, apane prati chadmavezI pratikriyAvAda hai / 'gA~dhI kI prAMdhI' zabdAvalI kA prayoga kara dene se hI koI lekhaka gA~dhIvAdI nahIM ho jAtA / 'sukhadA' meM 'gA~dhI kI A~dhI' zabdAvalI, 'parakha' kI prathama paMkti aura 'kalyANI' meM gA~dhI zabda prayukta haiM / gA~dhI jaisI mahAna sattA ke prati itanA abhivyakta kara denA hI lekhaka ko gA~dhIvAdI nahIM banA detA / jainendra-zilpa - abhivyaMjana meM 'sukhadA' zrAtmacarita ke rUpa meM likhA gayA upanyAsa hai / 'sukhadA' upanyAsa sukhadA kA upanyAsa to hai hI, rAjanItika krAnti se. sambandha rakhane vAle ugra dala ke sAtha isakA sambandha jor3a diyA gayA hai, jo jainendra kI purAnI Adata rahI hai| kyoMki, jainendra kathAtmakatA ke kSetra meM eka sImAvAdI lekhaka haiM / ! vivartavAdI upanyAsa 'vivarta' jainendra kA eka aisA upanyAsa hai, jo ugrapaMthI tathAkathita krAntikAriyoM kI sajaga pRSTha bhUmi meM puruSa aura nArI ke kucha bhAga kare, jAhira karatA hai / bhuvana mohinI nAyikA hai - 'vivarta' kI, vivartavAda kI vivarta vRta kI / jitena bhuvana mohinI kA pratikriyAvAdI AkarSaNa - puruSa hai| nareza bhuvana mohinI kA pati hai / mukhyataH inhIM tIna pAtroM ke irda-girda yaha upanyAsa ghUmatA rahA hai / 'vivarta' jIvana ke ugra-paMtha ko pratipAdita karatA hai - jIvana meM tor3a-phor3a aura taba usakI pratikriyA jainendramArgI pratikriyA - zrAtmasamarpaNa, jAnabUjha kara kiyA gayA zrAtmasamarpaNa, mukti kA zrAtma-samarpaNa ! ugravAdI jIvana- puruSa ke mukti-samarpaNa ke dvArA kisa jIvana-sauSThava kA mArga-darzana jainendra ne pratipAdita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, maiM kaha nahIM sakatA / bhuvanamohinI jitena para khula gaI - " maiM saba kucha hU~ tumhArI / " jitena ne pUchA - "aura pati kI ?" "patnI.. ..\" yaha jainendra ke puruSa aura nArI kA mArga-darzana hai, jisakA pratipAdana jainendra nevitaM vRta meM kiyA hai| jAhira hai, isa prakAra ke caritroM ko pUrNatA meM samajhane ke lie unake pUrva itihAsa kA manovaijJAnika adhyayana karanA anivArya hai / jitena tiresaTha vyaktiyoM kI mauta aura do sau pandraha vyaktiyoM ke prAhata

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240 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva samAja varga-bheda ke roga se pIr3ita hai| jitena kA rAstA-tor3aphor3a kA rAstA -kyA samAja kA varga-vaiSamya miTA sakegA? nhiiN| jitena kA upasaMhAra isakA sAkSI hai| ___ samAja ke prAdhAra-varga ke jAgaraNa kA AkAMkSI jitena hai| usake anusAra, jAgaraNa zAstra-upadeza se nahIM, ugra paMtha se paayegaa| cITiyoM ko bUrA khilAne se samAja-kalyANa nahIM hogA / ahiMsAvAda para use prAsthA nhiiN| ahiMsA kA mArga sampUrNa nahIM, kintu zAsana-yantra ko jitena kA AtmasamarpaNa kyA ugra-paMtha kA AtmasamarpaNa hai, ugra paMtha kI parAjaya hai ? jitena tathAkathita krAntikAriyoM kA saradAra hai| vaha kahatA hai - "jevara ghara-ga hasthI kI cIz2a hai / duzmanI hamArI sikke se hai| kyoM eka jagaha dhana ikaTThA ho jAtA hai, jabaki saba jagaha usakI jarUrata hai ? usake phailAne kI koziza ko corI kahA jAe ki DakaitI-usa koziza se hama bAja nahIM A skte| ikaTThA hA dhana phaTegA......" ikaTThA huA dhana phaTanA cAhie / ThIka hai, kintu kisa taraha ? dhana phailAne kA jitena-mArga kyA svastha mArga hai ? kyA vivarta-vata meM jitenamAgiyoM ko-vivartavAdiyoM ko saphalatA milI ? nhiiN| kyoM ? kyA jitena ke bhItara meM dabAva huA ? jitena ke bhItara ke dabAva para sahasA vizvAsa nahIM hotaa| ____dhana phailAne kA rAstA sarvamAnya aura svastha honA cAhie, jitenamAgiyoM kA rAstA dhana ko svastha DhaMga se phailAne kA nhiiN| samAja-kalyANaparaka siddhAnta athavA samAja-kalyANavAdI siddhAntavAda kA mArga jitena-mArga nhiiN| jitena ke zabdoM meM, "kaise peTa bharegA ? maiM to kucha karatA nahIM, kamAtA nhiiN| hamameM se koI kucha aura nahIM karatA, aisA hI kAma-dhAma hama karate haiN| krAnti kA yahI karanA kahAtA hai| duniyA chIna-jhapaTa kI hai| jhapaTa kara jo liye baiThe haiM, hama unase chInate haiM ..... / " peTa bharane kA galata rAstA akhtiyAra karanA krAnti meM zAmila nahIM hai| paMjAba mela durghaTanA jitena ke kukRtyoM ke kAraNa huI, yaha jitena svayaM svIkAra karatA hai| durghaTanA meM tiresaTha vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu huI aura do sau pandraha vyakti pAhata hue| jitena tathAkathita krAntikAriyoM kA saradAra hai / kyA yaha krAnti-mArga hai ? krAntimArga kA carama lakSya samyaka kalyANa hotA hai-samaSTi-kalyANa ! jitena ke kAraNa athavA jitenamAgiyoM ke dvArA samAja-kalyANa athavA samaSTi-kalyANa nahIM huaa| hA~, aneka niraparAdha vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu avazya huii| aneka niraparAdha vyakti hatAhata avazya hue| aura, isake lie darzana kA anucita prAzraya jitena ne grahaNa kiyA ki "maranA kisako nahIM hai? kyA sabako mArane kA pApa hamezA bhagavAn ko hI uThAte

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~ Vvvvvv.naver. . . - janendra ke jayavarTama-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 241 rahanA hogA ? tumhAre usa bhagavAn kI kabhI hameM bhI to sahAyatA karanI caahie|" aura bhI "hotA honahAra hai aura saba kAla karAtA hai|" yaha bhavanamohinI abhivyakta hotI hai / honahAra aura kAla Adi zabdoM kA prAyazra lekara bephikra ho jAne kA bhavanamohinI-sandeza bhuvanamohinI kI pakSapAtarahita sAtvikatA ke prati hamArA prAsthA-dhanatva samApta ho jAtA hai| niraparAdha vyaktiyoM kI hatyA krAnti-mArga nahIM hai| niraparAdha vyaktiyoM ke hatyAre ke lie ghRNA nahIM, kSamA nahIM, Adara nahIM, prema hai, sAmAjika vaidhatA se vaMcita prema hai| vivarta-puruSa ke anusAra, 'paise ke bagaira kucha nahIM hotaa| sarakAra paisA chApa kara banAtI hai, hama lUTa kara lAte haiM / chapA paisA bAMTakara vaha sipAhI aura membara aura naukara jamA karatI hai / lAkhoM sipAhI aura lAkhoM naukara aura hajAroM membara / naukara aphasara hote haiM, membara netA hote haiM / aba hama krAnti kareMge aura usake lie rupayA lUTege, banA-banAyA rupayA / banAyeMge nahIM, lUTege / kyoM jI, banAne vAlA isase luTa sakatA hai, TUTa sakatA hai ?......" arthAta lUTanA krAnti karanA huaa| sarakAra lUTapATa se TUTa jaaygii| lUTanA sarakAra ko tor3ane kA rAstA hai / paMsA hI saba kucha hai / usake binA kucha nahIM hotA / hamArI kRpA hai ki hama paise banAte nahIM, lUTate haiM / yahI jitena kA krAntidarzana hai / yaha krAnti kA sabase bar3A apamAna hai / krAnti kA kAryAnvayana nahIM / krAnti kA balAtkAra jitena kA krAnti-darzana karatA hai / jitena ke tathAkathita krAnti vAda meM nirmANa kA Aloka nahIM, vidhvaMsa kA andhakAra hai / jitena kA tathAkathita krAntivAda krAnti ke prati zraddhA aura AsthA ke hamAre sampUrNatva aura sampUrNa ghanatva ko samApta karane meM yatheSTha sahAyaka hotA hai| jitena ke zabdoM meM jainendra ne corI aura sInAjorI meM kArya-antara zabdaprAvaraNa meM pradarzita kiyA hai| jAlI rupayA banAne ke pariNAma ko jitena ne AdamI kA sastA honA batalAyA hai / jAlI rupaye se "paisA sastA banatA hai, para AdamI nahIM banatA hai| prAdamI saste paise se nIca banatA hai|" aura lUTa se kyA prAdamI maMhagA hotA hai ? AdamI ke sastA aura maMhagA hone se jainendra kA kyA tAtparya hai ? yaha vivartavRta athavA jainendra-upanyAsa-vRta meM spaSTa nhiiN| __jitena kahatA hai-"hama sAmAna paise se lete haiM / pAdamI paMse se juTAte haiM, usa paise se jisa para chApa sarakArI hai| aise hama sarakAra ko haTAte nahIM, jamAte

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jaimerdra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva zrarthAt yaha sarakAra para kRpA huI ki tathAkathita krAntikArIgaNa sarakArI chApa ke paise kA vyavahAra aura upayoga karate haiM / vivarta-puruSa banA-banAyA rupayA lUTane aura sarakAra ke TUTane meM sAmaMjasya, samabhAva aura ekatva sthApita kara rahA thA, kintu aba vaha sarakAra ko sudRr3ha karane kA tathya-nirUpaNa kara rahA hai / yaha saba kyA hai ? krAntikArI ke pAsa kama-se-kama svastha aura sulajhA huA krAnti-darzana to avazya rahanA cAhie / jitena dvArA krAnti kA mArga- cintana hai 242 "paise ke bag2aira hamArA kAma ho sakatA hai ? yA paisA ho sakatA hai, jo hamArA ho, sarakAra kA na bhI ho? hamArA sikkA, hamArI sAkha krAnti vaha hai / tamaMcA topa topa na cale / " " asala kA sAmanA na kara pAegA / calegA vaha jisake zrAge kintu rupaye lUTakara jitena kyA dhana ko Izvara nahIM banAnA cAhatA ? usane to svayaM kahA hai- "dhana lUTakara sivA isake kyA hotA hai ki dhana Izvara banatA hai / ' taba dhana ko Izvara banAne se lAbha ? jitena ke anusAra, "sikke ke hAtha nahIM, zrama ke hAtha sattA honI cAhie / dAma sikkA ho aura sikkA miTTI ho, taba hai krAnti / bAkI tamAzA hai, bAkI saba sarakAra kI pUjA hai " krAnti kahate haiM, para karate pUjA haiM / yahI eka bhAva aura vicAra-sthala hai, jahA~ para maiM jitena kA sAtha dU~gA / kintu jitena kA yaha zrama-siddhAnta kevala zabda - nirUpaNa meM sImita hai, kAryAnvayana meM nahIM / kArya ke rUpa meM yaha siddhAnta 'vivarta' meM anuvAdita nahIM ho pAtA / sunItAvariNata hariprasanna zrama siddhAnta aura zrIkAnta zrama-siddhAnta ke Aloka meM jitena ke dAma-siddhAMta kA adhyayana zraura mUlyAMkana anivArya hai / 'vivarta' kA krAntivAda krAnti nahIM, samAja ko durghaTanAgrasta relagAr3I kI sthiti meM lAne kA kukRtya hai / bhuvana mohinI jitena ke prati apane pracchanna vAsanAtmaka pyAra ke kAraNa vyakti ke rUpa meM apanA samaSTi prAdarza vismRta kara detI hai / vyaSTi- komalatA kI avaidha rakSA ke lie bhuvanamohinI kA samaSTi - vismaraNa nArI- mApadaMDa ke samucita pradarza kA skhalana hai / mohinI ko yadi jitena ke tathAkathita krAntivAda meM vizvAsa nahIM hai, sA vaha jitena ke prati anAvazyaka rUpa se sadaya kyoM hai ? apahRtA mohinI ke prati jitena kA durvyavahAra 'vyatIta' meM candrakalA ke prati jayanta ke durvyavahAra ke samakakSa hai /

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jainendra ke jayavaddhana pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 243 jitena ke pairoM para mAthA Teka kara mohinI bolI - "maiM tumhAre pA~va par3atI hU~, itane nirdaya na bano / " jitena ne apanA paira jhiTaka kara apane anuyAyiyoM se kahA ki ve use usase dUra haTA le jaayeN| mohinI ne bAhoM kI lapeTa se kasakara jitena kI TA~goM ko pakar3a liyA / punaH, mohinI jitena ke bUTa ke tasmoM se Upara pA~va ke mojoM para bAra-bAra jitena ke donoM pairoM ko cUma uThI aura jitena arthAt vivarta vRta kA pradhAna puruSa tAttvika nArI ko isa saMvedanAtmaka prArthanA para bhIga nahIM pAtA / kyoMki vaha apane aMdara ke zramAnava ko krAnti ke parde para jyAdA-se-jyAdA ubhArane kA kukRtya karatA hai / dhI par3I sira ko dhIme-dhIme pharza kI kAlIna para paTakatI aura raha-rahakara phaphaka uThatI candrI ke prati jayanta-sthiti aura apahRtA mohinI ke prati jitena - vyavahAra meM samatva hai / samyak sunItA kI taraha hI, mohinI ne kahA- "mujhe sacamuca mAra kyoM nahIM dete ho, jitena ? kyoM trAsa pAte ho ?" A~sUtroM ke bIca meM se vaha abhivyakta ho gaI thii| vivartavAda ke pradhAna pravaktA ne behada teja hokara javAba diyA thA - "prAMsU se bAta na kara aurata / sIdhI bAta kara / " P " kahatI to hU~ jitena, sIdhe mujhe mAra do / Ter3he se apane ko na maaro| " nagna AtmasamarpaNa kI sthiti meM sunItA ne bhI hariprasanna ko kahA thA-- " apane ko mAro mata / haribAbU, maro mata, karma karo / " sunItA maMDala meM puruSa ko samyak niSThA kI paripUrNatA meM abhivyakta honA hI par3A - "nahIM mArU~gA... kintu vivartavAda puruSa ne kahA- "mujhe rupayA cAhie / " " . yaha ukti vivartavAdI puruSa ke puruSa vRta ke prati hamArA sampUrNa vizvAsa samApta kara detI hai / hA~, vaha kahatA hai, "mujhe rupayA cAhie / " aura vaha mohinI ko 'hA' kahatA hai aura usake sAtha zramAnuSika vyavahAra karane kI AjJA de detA hai ! taba mohinI ke cehare para gaharI viSAdabharI muskarAhaTa A gaI / aura vivartavyakti patthara kA AdamI bana jAtA hai / patthara kA AdamI - jo prAdamI ke zabdoM ko lekara bAteM karatA hai, prAdamI kI taraha mAlUma par3atA hai, parantu prAdamI nahIM hai / kintu mohinI ke anusAra jitena use amIrI kA daNDa detA hai / yaha vivarta kI nAyikA ke andara kA zAyada madhucakra hai jo zabda-madhumakSikAnoM se ghirA hai /

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vvvv , , , 244 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva kintu prazna hai ki rupaye rahate hue bhI mohinI arthAt 'vivataM' kI nAyikA 'vivarta' ke nAyaka ko rupaye kyoM nahIM detI ? aura vivarta-upasaMhAra meM vaha rupaye detI hai jitena arthAt vivarta-zAsana sUtradhAra ke ho kAraNa ! kyA vaha 'godAna' kI mAlatI kI taraha barbara prema kI prAkAMkSiNI hai ? / __tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla samAja ke tathAkathita nimnavarga ke niSThApUrvaka kalyANa kI prArthinI hai / vaha naraka kuNDa ko svarga banAne kI AkAMkSA karatI hai / vaha isa kSetra meM rupaye kI svastha aura ucita upayogitA samajhatI hai, kintu rupayA hI saba kucha hai, aisA svIkAra vaha nahIM krtii| "vivarta' aisA svIkAra karatA hai| 'vyatIta' jIvana kA svastha darzana nahIM upasthita krtaa| 'vyatIta' meM jIvana kA jIvanocita nirmANa athavA jIvanocita pratipAdana, aMkana aura vizleSaNa nahIM hai| 'vyatIta' maulika nakArAtmaka se paripUrNa hai-nakArAtmaka upanyAsa hai| 'vyatIta' kI vizeSatA jIvana meM jIvana ke lie nahIM hai, yaha bahuta bar3A eka 'nahIM' hai / 'vyatIta' jIvana ke prati virodhAtmaka pratikriyA hI abhivyakta karatA hai| vyatItamArgI darzana jIvana ke prati pITha dikhalAtA hai| 'vyatIta' jIvana ke prati dAyitva-bodha nahIM vyakta krtaa| 'vyatIta' meM jIvanaparaka dAyitva vimukhatA hai, jIvana-niSThA se paripUrNa kartavyavAda kI AtmaghAtI avahelanA / kaha cukA hU~ ki jainendra cintana ke citrakAra hai| vyatIta-sthaloM para bhI yatratatra jainendra-cintana ke jIvita citra avazya mila jAte haiM / jaise, 'kucha hotA hai jisameM hama nahIM hote| sirpha vaha hotA hamase hai| usa para se prAdamI ko parakhanA bhrama hai|" jayanta 'vyatIta' upanyAsa kA nAyaka hai / anitA 'vyatIta' kI nAyikA hai| jayanta ke zabdoM meM, "nahIM hI to banA baiThA huuN| kucha hA~ kI talAza karanI pdd'egii|" saca pUchA jAya to jayanta eka nahIMvAdI pAtra hai| hA~ kI sArthakatA usake jIvana meM nahIM hai| hA~ kI talAza kI usakI icchA vAkaI hA~ kI talAza nahIM hainArI ke hAM se bhAgane kI prakriyA hai / jayanta ne jIvana ke hA~ ko ThakarAyA hai / jIvana kA hAM jayanta ne nahIM kahA / vyatIta-saMyojana meM hAM kI jIvana-sArthakatA nahIM hai| jayaMta kA nahIMmArgI jIvana hA~vAda kI pratikriyA hai, hAvAda athavA hA~ kA pUraka nhiiN| hA~ ke kSetra se muha mor3akara hAmArgI cintana kA abhinaya jIvana ke nahIMvAda kI hI paripuSTatA hai-arthAt jIvanaparaka hA~ ke viruddha senA kA ghanatva hai / jayanta meM jIvana paka nIMvAda hai aura pranitA meM jIvanaparaka ho kI sArthakatA /

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 245 jayanta kI tathAkathita hA~-pranveSaNa-yojanA meM jayaMta kI nakArAtmakatA chipI hai, jIvana-asvIkRti ke prati usakA sammohana bhI / jayaMta kA hA~, nahIM kA rUpa hai| jayanta meM jIvana kA nahIMvAda hai / janendra kA sarvapramukha nahIMvAdI pAtra jayanta ne apane jIvana meM jIvana kI hA~-sArthakatA grahaNa karane kA udyoga nahIM kiyaa| jIvana ke sampUrNatva aura jIvana ke sampUrNa ghanatva ko jayanta ne 'nahIM' ke aMdhakAra meM liyaa| ataeva jIvana ke hA~ kA pAloka usameM khila nahIM sakA / jIvana kevala nahIM kA nakalI nazA nahIM, tAttvika hA~ kI sAttvika sArthakatA hai / 'nahIM-nahIM' ke prati jayaMta kI atizaya prAsakti jayaMta ko kevala eka 'nahIM' hI banA detI hai / jayaMta-bodha apane nahIMvAda se paricita hai| jayanta ke jIvana aura nijatva kA nahIMvAda jayaMta kA suparicita satya hai / jayaMta kA nahIMmArgI rUpavAda vyakti-vAstava, vyakti-bodha aura vyakti-satya kI amAnuSika avahelanA karatA hai / jayaMta eka vizeSa prakAra kI vyatItamArgI pranyi se pIr3ita hai / isa graMthi ko maiM jayaMta-granthi khuuNgaa| yaha vyatIta-graMthi hai| jainendra ke pAtra bhAgya ke prati AsthAvAdI hote haiM, yadyapi jainendra-pAtra godAnavAdI horI nahIM hote / jayaMta bhAgya para AsthA rakhatA hai| 'vyatIta' meM bhAgya-pratipAdana hai| jayanta satya-sambhASaNa meM apanI sampUrNatA ke sAtha vizvAsa karatA hai / jainendra ke pAtra satyavAdI hote hai / satya-sambhASaraga karate haiM / jayanta vivAha se bhAgatA hai / vivAha ko anitA dharma kA nirvAha mAnatI hai| vivAha ko jayaMta kevala dharma kA nirvAha nahIM mAnatA / vivAha para kevala dharma kI nATakIyatA hI paryApta nahIM hai / isIlie jayaMta kA puruSa abhivyakta hotA hai-'isase kyA hogA ?' anitA ne kahA, anitA kI nArI ne kahA aura nArI kI anitA ne bhI kahA"ghara ba~dhakara baiThate tuma, jayaMta, to merA bhI ghara banA rahatA / nahIM to jvAlAmukhI para baiThI hU~ / kaba saba jala jAyagA, kaha nahIM sktii|" vyatIta kA vyatIta bodhAtmaka vRttavAda ina tIna paMktiyoM ke nepathya meM nihita hai| aura bhI, anitA ne kahA, apane pUre rUpa meM anitA ne kahA-"merA ghara banA rahA to tuma hoge, ujar3a gayA to bhI tuma hoge|" vaha abhivyakti kI sampUrNa spaSTatA le apane ko surakSita rakhanA cAhatI hai| kyoMki, nArI abhivyakta ho jAtI hai, abhivyakti sampUrNatva se vaha yathAsAdhya apane ko surakSita rakhanA cAhatI hai / nArI jitanA prakaTa hotI hai, usase jyAdA aprakaTa

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246 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva rahatI hai / isIlie to anitA ne kahA-"kholakara aura kyA kahanA hai|" anitA ke andara kucha mIThA-mITA jarUra hai, jise lekara vaha jayaMta kI ora hamezA bar3hatI rahI hai / apane andara kA vaha mIThA-mIThA khuda cATa kara vaha bItatI jAtI hai / jayanta 'vyatIta' vAtAvaraNa kA pAtra hai, roga bhI / anitA jayanta ke prati prAtmapIr3ita hai / jayanta roga se pIr3ita hai vh| jayanta candrakalA se vivAha kara letA hai| caMdrakalA ke viSaya meM svayaM jayaMta ke jayaMta-vyaktitva kI ora se yaha kahA gayA hai-"candrakalA ko dekhA hai| jIvana vahA~ jvAra para hai / ThATha para ThATha dekara lahareM AtI aura usa para phena-sA bakhera jAtI haiM / bar3I kamanIya hai|" kiMtu isake bAvajUda bhI caMdrakalA aura caMdrakalA kI sampUrNa nArI kI amAnuSika avahelanA jayaMta aura jayaMta-vyakti kI ora se hotI hai| jainendra kA 'vyatIta' jIvana ke prati anAsthA utpanna karane kA sAdhaka hai| jIvana se bhAganA jiMdagI nahIM hai / jayata sacce arthoM meM jIvana ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jIvana ke prati jayaMta-prayatna anAsthAvAda kA popaka hai / 'vyatIta' kA puruSadarzana anAsthA kA darzana hai / jIvana ke prati AsthA jayaMta meM nahIM haiN| 'kalyANI' kI aMtima paMkti- "mujhe rahane do| maiM rahanA cAhatA hU~-" kA jIvanavAda bhI. 'vyatIta' meM nahIM hai / kalyANI kI mRtyu para jainendra ne jIvana ke viparIta jIvanavAda ko grahaNa kiyA, kiMtu vaha jIvanavAda, jIvita rahane kA AkAMkSA-vRtta bhI vyatIta meM hama nahIM pAte / vyatIta-darzana anAsthA kA viSaya hai / anAsthA ko maiM nAstikatA nahIM mAnatA / jainendra ne kahIM bhI nAstikatA nahIM prakaTa kii| yatra-tatra anAsthA avazya prakaTa kara dI hai| 'vyatIta' meM, vyatIta vRtta meM anitA kI jayata-lipsA ke mUla aura usake AdhAra-vyaktitva meM nArI-hRdaya kA kauna-sA rahasya sUtra hai-yaha eka pakti meM nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kiMtu jayaMta kA nArI-vikarSaNa puruSatva nahIM ghoSita karatA / vyatIta darzana kA puruSa nirmANAtmaka vaibhava se vaMcita hai / vyatItavAdI puruSa meM jIvana-prayatna nahI hai / anitA kI jayaMta-lipsA meM 'tyAgapatra' kI mRNAla nahIM boltii| vivAda-vaibhava 'vyatIta' kI vizeSatA hai-arthAt prabuddha pAThaka eka lambe arse taka vyatItavAda para taka avazya kara sakatA hai / vyatItavAda meM prabuddha svIkRti kA prabhAva hai / 'vyatIta' kA mArga-darzana jIvana kA avamUlyana karatA hai| AdamI aura ghaTanAoM meM AtmA kA sambandha hai / janendra ke zabdoM meM, "prAdamI ghaTanAoM meM se hotA hai aura una ghaTanAoM ke sUtra kisa pralakSya meM se prAte haiM ki patA hI nahIM cltaa|" ghaTanAmoM se alaga prAdamI ko hama kara nahIM sakate / mAdamI

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 247 meM se ghaTanAe~ bhI hoMgI / jainendra ke anusAra "anazvara zAnti * zrAdhyAtmika zAMti, pAramAtmika zAnti ! usI ke lie to vidhAtA kI bhora se aMkuThita yaha mRtyu kA dAna hai / " jainendra maraNa kA apamAna nahIM karate / maraNa kI zrAvazyakatA kI pUrti meM jainendra kI prAsthA hai / mahAdevI varmA mRtyu ko jIvana kA carama vikAsa mAnatI haiN| vedanA aura mRtyu ke saMbaMdha meM jainendra aura mahAdevI eka hI dharAtala para haiM / vedanA aura mRtyu ke bhAva - saMdarbha meM jainendra aura mahAdevI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vicAra - vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hogaa| sthAnAbhAva yahA~ merA bAdhaka hai / jainendra ne zAnti ko svAhA ke bAda kI sthiti svIkAra kI hai / jainendra pApa-puNya kA citralekhAvAdI vivecana nahIM karate / ' tyAgapatra' ke prArambha meM pramoda ke zabdoM meM jainendra ne kahA - " pApa-puNya kI samIkSA mujhase na hogI / " kintu vyatItamArgI jayanta pApa ke prati 'tyAgapatra' ke pramoda kI taraha nahIM socatA / aisA kyoM ? jainendra 'vyatIta' ke AdhAra para vyakti ko rUpa aura dizA kA kauna mArga pradAna karanA cAhate haiM ? kyA jainendra jIvana meM vyatIta vyakti-darzana kAryAnvita karanA cAhate haiM ? jainendra ne vivAha ke prazna para kAphI vicAra kiyA hai / 'vyatIta' ke zabdoM meM, "kahate haiM, vivAha karate hama haiM, hotA bhagavAna ke yahA~ hai / yaha bhI sunatA hU~ ki janma-janmAntara taka vivAha kI vyApti hai / do eka-dUsare meM eka isa bhava meM hI nahIM hote, pahale se cale Ate haiN| isase yaha kAma karttavyatA se nahIM hotA, bhavitavyatA se hotA hai| sacamuca aisA hI lagatA hai / zraura vivAha sAmAjika hai / " 'parakha' meM jainendra ne kahA thA- 'vivAha bilkula eka sAmAjika samasyA hai, sAmAjika tattva hai| tuma bhUlate ho, agara tuma use aura kucha samajho / una kucha uttaradAyitvoM se jo jIvana ke sAtha ba~dhe haiM, uRNa hone ke liye yaha vivAha kA vidhAna hai| duniyA meM kyA karanA hai, usakI dRSTi se lAbha kyA pUrNa hogA, kyA nahIM, kuTumbiyoM kI prasannatA kisa ora hai aura apanA svArtha kisa prora hai- ye sabhI bAteM vivAha ke prazna meM saMzliSTa haiM / " 'parakha' meM thor3A zrAge calakara jainendra ne kahA - "jIvana to dAyitva hai, aura vivAha vAstava meM usakI pUrNatA kI rAha, - usakI zarta / prema ko isa dAyitvapUrNa vivAha meM kaise dakhala dene diyA jAya ?" 'sunItA' aura vivarta' meM bhI vivAha ke prazna para jainendra ne vicAra kiyA hai / 'tyAgapatra' meM jainendra ne kahA

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248 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva "vivAha kI graMthi do ke bIca kI graMthi nahIM hai, vaha samAja ke bIca kI bhI hai / cAhane se hI kyA vaha TUTatI hai ? vivAha bhAvukatA kA prazna nahIM, vyavasthA kA prazna hai ? vaha prazna kyA yoM TAle Tala sakatA hai ? vaha gAMTha hai jo baMdhI ki khula nahIM sakatI, TUTe to TUTa bhale hI jAya / lekina TUTanA kaba kisakA zreyaskara hai ?" aura, 'kalyAgI' ke lekhaka jainendra ke anusAra, kalyANIvAda ke anusAra, "samAja kA satya vaha hai jo do ko eka karatA hai-vaha vivAha hai, jo do kI duI ko alaga-alaga puSTa karatI hai, aisI prema kI svataMtratA aniSTa hai|" udbodhana kI rasa dRSTi meM bhIgI ye paMktiyAM svayaM bolatI haiM, kintu vivAha ke prati jainendra jAgarUkatA ke kyA kAraNa haiM ? punaH jayanta kI yAda AtI hai| hAM, jayanta yaha svIkAra kara letA hai ki usake bhItara barapha kI sila kA prAsana DAle koI amAnava thA / jayanta kA bahuta bar3A hissA isI amAnava ke zAsana meM rahA hai / vivastra hone meM kyA sukha hai ? Ananda hai ? dAMta misamisAkara jhaTake se tana ke aMtima vastra ko bhI utAra kara pati kahalAne vAle vyakti ke muMha para jora se pheMkane meM kyA nArI ko sukha mila sakegA? candrakalA vyatIta meM aisA karatI hai aura pati ke nAma se sambodhita vyakti ne vastra ko jaldI se hAthoM meM rokakara Age bar3hakara candrI arthAta candrakalA ko hAthoM meM uThAyA aura haThAt bistara meM dubakA diyA / candrI ne pratirodha kiyA-komala pratirodha / aura pati kahalAne vAlA vyakti bAhara nikala par3atA hai-cAMda kA sevana karane / vyakti kI kisa avasthA ko yaha itivRta sUcita karatA hai, sahasA kahA nahIM jA sktaa| candrI arthAt candrakalA kA sabase bar3A doSa yaha hai ki vaha jayanta ke prati nirdoSa hai / nirdoSitA hI usakA doSa hai / jainendra kI nArI puruSa kA bojha nahIM hotii.| usameM prAtma-pIr3ana aura svAbhimAna hai| __ jayanta kI yuddha-svIkRti karmaThatA nahIM, palAyana hai, kartavyatA ke artha kA balAskAra hai / jayanta kevala eka vyakti kahA jA sakatA hai / samyaka manuSya ke nAma se sambodhita hone kA adhikAra kyA use diyA jAya - yaha prazna vidvAnoM kA hai| uttarArddha jayanta kA yuddha ke prati jAgarUkatA vastuta: usake nArI-vikarSaNa paura niSkriya palAyanavAda kI pratikriyA hai, jisakA pariNAma jayanta kA sAdhuveza grahaNa kara lenA huA / jayanta ne karma kA gItAvAda nahIM kAryAnvita kiyA / jayanta ne jIvana-prayatna nahIM kiyA / jayanta vyaktimattA kI dizAhInatA se pIr3ita hai, vyakti

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 246 vikAsa kA dizA-sauSThava vaha grahaNa nahIM karatA / jayanta kA vyatItavAda vyaktimattAprasUsa dizAhInatA hai, vyaktimattAprasUta dizAhInatA kA vyatItavAda hai / jayaMta meM vyakti-satya se jyAdA pauruSahIna vyakti ke paridhivAda kI dizAhInatA kA satya hai, vyakti kA dizA-laghutva hai, dizA-bodha kA pAloka darzana nahIM, vyakti kA jayaMta hai| jainendra kA dizA-bodha 'vyatIta' meM skhalita ho gayA hai| jainendra ke dizAbodha ne vyakti-satya ke sAtha 'vyatIta' meM vizvAsaghAta kiyA hai / vyakti kA jayantavAda 'tyAgapatra' upanyAsa ke pramoda se bhinna hai / jayanta ke viparIta pramoda meM vyaktimattA kI ekAnta aura jIvanamayI mAmikatA hai| jayanta meM pramoda kI mArmikatA nahIM hai| 'vyatIta' kI cAritrikatA kI jayanta-parisamApti aura 'tyAga-patra' ke pramoda tyAgapatra meM bhinnatA hai| pramoda ke tyAgapatra meM mRNAla ke prati usakI pArivArika sAmAjikatA se pracchanna kAmajanya pipAsA kI pratikriyA hai| pramoda kI mRNAla granthi kI pratikriyA hai| jayanta kI jayanta-parisamApti meM vyakti aura samaSTi kI sampUrNa vyaktimattA kA prasAmAjika saMkalana hai| maiM vyaktimattA kI avahelanA nahIM krtaa| karanI bhI nahIM cAhiye / kintu vyaktimattA kA jayantavAda kisI kI suvidhA ke hetu nahIM rahanA caahtaa| vyaktimattA ko jainendra ne 'vyatIta' meM skhalanoparAnta zaithilya ke vAtAvaraNa meM pAropita kiyA hai| jayanta-zaithilya ke mUla meM jainendra ke vyaktibodha kI mudrAsphIti hai| maiM ise vyakti-sphIti kahU~gA / 'vyatIta' kI vyakti-sphIti meM vyaktimattA kA vyatItavAda hai / bhraSTa vyaktimattA hai| 'vyatIta' kA vyakti zaithilya nArI ke prati aparAdhI hai / anitA, candrakalA Adi ke prati vyaktiparaka aparAdha vyatItavAda aura jainendravAdI 'vyatIta' ke prati hamArI sampUrNa sahAnubhUti kho detA hai / 'vyatIta' jainendra ke divAliyApana kA sabUta hai / jayanta ke prati anitA-saMvedana nArI ke vyavitapravRti pravaNa parigraha kA paricAyaka hai / jayanta kI anitA-abalA vyakti zaMthilya, vyaktimattA kI vyaktihInatA, vyaktimattA kI vyaktihIna asAmAjikatA, vyaktisaMvedana ke skhalana-zaithilya kA paricAyaka hai / jayanta meM vyakti nahIM rhtaa| vyakti ke rahane kA abhinaya hotA hai| jayanta meM samAja nahIM hai / samAja jayanta meM nahIM hai / jayanta meM vyakti kA samAja nahIM hotA, vyakti ke samAja kA sammohana kA visarjana hotA hai / vyakti ke samAja-sammohana ke jayantaparaka prastutIkaraNa dvArA jainendra ne vyakti ko eka asvAbhAvika vAtAvaraNa meM, jayanta-vAtAvaraNa meM, prAropita kiyA hai| 'vyatIta' ke jayanta athavA vyatIta-cintana meM vyaktibodha-sauSThava, vyakti bodha

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250 jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitya vaiziSTya athavA vyakti bodha taTastha vargabaddha sAmAjikatA nahIM hai; vyakti bodhAtmaka sAmAjikatA athavA sAmAjika saMzliSTatA nahIM hai, vyakti kA vyatItavAda hai| vyakti kA vyatItavAda vyakti kA jayanta-bodha hai| vyakti kA vyatItavAda vyaktimattA ko viziSTatA se vaMcita karatA hai| jayanta klIva, asAmAjika aura palAyanavAdI hai| vaha jindagI se bhAgatA hai / jayanta karmaTha nahIM hai| jindagI ke aMgAroM se vaha DaratA hai / vaha aMgAroM ke samIpa jA nahIM sakatA / jIvana kI yuddha karmaThatA jayanta ne utpAdita nahIM kii| jayanta meM jIvanaparaka dAyitva-cintana nahIM hai / jIvanaparaka dAyitva-vimukhatA vyatItavAda meM hai / dhyatItavAda dAyitva vimukhatA kA nirAkaraNa jainendra ne nahIM kiyA / jainendra ko 'kalyANI' kA sRSTA hone kA garva hone kA adhikAra hai| 'kalyANI' upanyAsa jainendra cintana ko bar3e arthoM meM abhivyakta karatA hai / nAyikA ke AdhAra para upanyAsa kA nAmakaraNa huA hai| kalyANI kA AdhAra-vyaktitva-jIvana-saMzliSTatA meM hai| kalyANI jainendra kI nArI hai| jIvana ke praznoM kI mUrtiparakatA hai / jIvanasaMzliSTatA kI sRSTibodhinI mUtimattA hai| vaha jIvana-praznoM ke RtU-nIr3a meM nivAsa karatI hai| vaha aAntarikatA kI granthiyoM se ghirI hai / graMthiyoM kI eka mahAgraMthi hai / vaha mRtyu jAgarUka prAkRtivAda hai / yadyapi kalyANI Izvara, Izvaratva aura Izvara kI sattA meM vizvAsa karatI hai, kintu Izvara ke zabdoccAraNa se usake cehare kI haMsI gAyaba ho jAtI hai aura vahA~ eka trAsa likha jAtA hai| kalyANI ke anusAra eka kA saba kucha nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki saba to Izvara ke hI jJAna meM hai / saca hai ki nArI jitanA bAhara hai, usase jyAdA andara meM vaha hai / nArI jitanI khulI hai, usase bahuta jyAdA baMda hI hai / kalyANI meM antamurkhatA kI sanAtana niSThA hai, kintu vaha lokavimukha nahIM hai / vaha nArItva kI mImAMsA hai / kalyANI meM palAyanavAda nahIM hai| jIvana aura sRSTi ke sambandha meM kalyANI meM sapraznatA hai-kalyANa vAdI jijJAsA / kalyANI nArI hai, nArItva kI sAMskRtika niSThA se paripUrNa, nArItva ke pAloka-bhArata se prakAzAnvita bhI / pratyeka nArI ke andara kalyANI kA nivAsa hai, andara kI kalyANI ko vikasita karane kI samyak AvazyakatA hai / kalyANI ne trAsa ko ha~sI ke chilakoM meM chipA diyA hai / kalyANI kA trAsa jIvana kA vAsa hai / vaha strI hai aura "strI kA pahalA doSa to yahI hai ki vaha strI hai|"

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 251 kalyANI ke mana kA bojha usake AtmapIr3ana kA bojha hai| mana ko vaha kholatI hai| mana hI yatra-tatra use anajAne meM khola detA hai / ha~sI kI sAr3I pahanakara usakI pIr3A sRSTi kI AdhArabhUta pIr3A bana gaI hai / kalyANI kahatI hai-- 'sira kA bojha saMbhala bhI jAe, para mana kA yaha bojha kaba taka sahArA jA sakatA hai ! aura maiM kisI se usa mana ko khola nahIM sktii| .......... 'apanA bojha bAMTa bhI to nahIM sktii| samajhatI hU~ ki bA~Tane se citta halkA ho jAtA hogaa| para aura bhI to apane ko lekara vyasta haiM / sabako saMbhAlane ko apanApana hai|" sabhI apane-apane astitva nIra meM dubake hue haiM / apane ko lekara vyasta, sa~bhAlane ko apanApana / vaha citra ko bA~Ta bhI nahIM paatii| citra-graMthiyoM kA dizAnirUpaNA vaha nahIM karatI aura bhAgya ko sarvopari mAna letI hai| kalyANI-darzana ke anusAra, "saba bhAgya hai, aura kyA !" vaha bhAgya se zAyada isaliye nArAja nahIM ! vaha to apane se hI nArAja hai / kalyANI kI kahanI meM usakI anakahanI kA samudra hai / nijatva-rakSA ke jIvana-paryanta jvara ke kAraNa vaha apane pati se bhI apane ko khola nahIM paatii| pati ke kAraNa usake prAtma-pIr3ana ko bala milA hai, kiMtu sIdhe rUpa se nahIM / / prArthika-avalambana-svAtaMtrya ke bAvajUda bhI pati ke prati jar3atA ke saMskAra bhAratIya maryAdA aura strItva ke nAma para vaha pAlita karatI rahI hai / vaha kacha-kIkucha samajhI jAtI rahI hai, pati ke dvArA aura anyoM ke dvArA / kiMtu, yaha kalyANI. sukha kA mArga nahIM hai| kalyANI meM patnItva aura strI ke nijatva kA astittva-saMgharSa hai| paisA kyA hai ? "vaha jagannAtha jI kA hai, jo jagata bhara ke haiN| unakA pratinidhi bana kara hI koI dhana kA svAmI ho sakatA hai ('kalyANI')" aura bhI "Izvara dInAnAtha haiM / isase jo dInoM ke hita meM kiyA jAe, aise kisI kharca meM tuma merA hAtha nahIM roka skoge| usake sevaka kI haisiyata se apane lie adhika kharca nahIM kroge|" vinobA jI ke anusAra bhI, 'sabai bhUmi gopAla kI / ' vinobA jI kalyANI ke pUMjI-utsarga se avazya sahamata hoNge| jainendra ko eka gAMdhIvAdI lekhaka ke rUpa meM kucha logoM ne ghoSita kara diyA hai| saca kahA jAya to jainendra gAMdhIvAdI nahIM haiN| 'kalyANI' meM gAMdhIvAda ke cihna mila jAte haiM / jainendra ke anya cihna mila jAte haiN| jainendra ke anya upanyAsoM meM gAMdhIvAda nahIM hai| jainendra ko gAMdhIvAda kA poSaka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| gAMdhI

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MAA.....handesman AAAAAAAA 252 jamendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva cintana ke katipaya ratna 'kalyANI' meM haiM, jaise dhana-utsarga kA divya bhAva / kintu itane se hI jainendra gAMdhIvAdI nahIM ho jAte / svayaM jainendra ne 'kalyANI' meM hI gAMdhIvAda kA avamUlyana kiyA hai| apane prathama upanyAsa 'parakha' ke prathama pariccheda meM jainendra ne likhA___ "bI0 e0 pAsa karane ke bAda tAlsTAya, raskina , gAMdhI yA jAne kisakA eka 'vicAra-sphuliMga' inake javAnI ke teja khUna meM par3a gayA thaa|" yadi apane prathama upanyAsa ke prathama pariccheda meM hI gAMdhI kA nAma le lene ke kAraNa jainendra gAMdhIvAdI kahe jAte haiM to vaha tAlsTAyavAdI athavA raskinavAdI kyoM nahIM kahe jA sakate haiM ? kyoMki unake prathama upanyAsa ke prathama pariccheda meM tAlsTAya aura raskina ke bhI nAma mAe haiN| kalyANI mRtyu ke prati atizaya jAgarUka hai; mRtyu kI anivAryatA ke prati nhiiN| jainendra ke anusAra, "apane basa se bAhara kI bAta kahanA sadA jhUTha kahanA hai| yahA~ bacanA kisako hai ? lekina jInA-maranA jisake hAtha hai ; usI ke hAtha hai| hama kona jo usa para muMha kholeM ?" mRtyu para hamArA adhikAra nahIM / mRtyu kA samyak adhikAra hama para hai| mRtyu kA virodha yA mRtyu ke praznoM kA uttara dene kA prazna nahIM uTatA / jInA-maranA hamAre basa kI bAta nhiiN| jIne-marane kA mahAsUtra jisa mahAsUtradhAra ke pAsa hai, usake samakSa hamArA mUlya hI kitanA hai ? mRtyu manuSya ke adhikAra-kSetra se bAhara kA viSaya hai / apane andara se andara kA yaha prazna kalyANI karatI hai-- "lekina maiM abhI kyoM jI rahI hU~ ?" isa prazna kA uttara use nahIM mila paataa| ___ yadyapi upayogI karma meM apane ko bhUlakara lage rahanA hI dharma hai, kintu kalyANI kahatI hai-"bhUlanA kaba taka calegA ? mAnie Apa, saba prapaMca hai, saba chalanA hai|" kalyAraNA kI upayogI karmasambaddhatA meM kalyANI-citra kA dizA-nirUpaNa hai, jIvana-sthAyitva athavA jIvana-amaratva, jIvana-tuSTi ke bhAva nhiiN| kalyANI kA andara usake bAhara kI camaka ke sAtha mila nahIM pAtA / kalyANI ke bAhara meM chilakoM para raMga chir3akakara usake andara ko chipA lene kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| bhar3akadAra bAhara ko or3hakara andara ke hara cehare ko anyathA dikhA lenA bahuta dUra taka saMbhava ho jAtA hai| .. kalyANI bhagavAna ke maMdira se manuSya kI nijatva-niSThA kI pAvana garimA sthApita karanA cAhatI hai| maMdira ke prati nijatva-vrata ke binA maMdira kA mUlya nahIM rhtaa| apane ko sa~bhAlane kI apekSA jIvana meM apanI taraha rahanA vizeSa mahatvapUrNa aura Avazyaka hai|' kalyANI meM apane ko bUMda-bUda ikaTThA karanA nahIM, apane ko

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 253 sa~bhAla calane kI apekSA apanI taraha rahane kA niSkarSa hai, niSThA hai| ___kalyANI-praznoM meM hI sRSTi kA rahasya sUtra hai / "jindagI kyA hai ? hama kyoM jIte haiM ? maiM kyoM jItI hU~?" Adi kalyANI para praznoM ke atirikta jIvana-garimA ke anukUla dUsare prazna kyA ho sakate haiM ? prazna kI apekSA praznottara jyAdA-se-jyAdA kliSTha haiN| kalyANI-praznoM ke nirAkaraNa meM hI saSTi kI tAtvikatA kA saMkSipta itihAsa hai / AvazyakatA hai jIvana-dRSTi kI / kalyANI jIvana-sampUrNatva kI siddhi kI sAdhanA karatI hai / "jindagI kyA hai" Adi kalyANI paraka prazna jIvana-sampUrNatva ke prati usakI niSThA kA paricaya dete haiN| kalyANI jIvana-garimA kI chAtrA hai| ___ jIvana kI apUrNatA para kalyANI kA vizvAsa nhiiN| jIvana ko khaMDita kara use bahirantara ke raMgIna chilakoM meM kalyANI nahIM sajAtI / jIvana pUrNatA ke patha para kalyANI-saMketa calate haiN| ___ kalyANIvariNata jagannAtha dhAma kI varNanAtmakatA meM pratIkatva kA sUtra jIvana hai, citrAtmakatA kA pratIka saundarya hai| kalyANI variNata jagannAtha dhAma sRSTi pora jIvana ke vibhinna satyoM ke ikAI adhyayana ke rUpa meM hai| jainendra-darzana citra zailI meM kalyANIvAdI jagannAtha dhAma meM varNita hai| __cakkara meM bhAgane ko jainendra samyak gati nahIM mAnate / cakkaravAda arthAta cakkara meM bhAganA jIvana-gati kI abhivyakti nahIM hai| patnItva ko jainendra ne artha-saMdarbha aura bhAva-saMdarbha arthAt jIvana-saMdarbha meM svIkAra kiyA hai / patnItva saMbhavataH mUla prativAdI dAsatA hai| kintu jIvana meM hama jIvana-yApana kI dAsatA svIkAra nahIM karate ? jIvana-saMdarbha meM patnItva sAdhanA hai| sukha-nijatva kA prakAzAnvita visarjana hI viziSTatA hai / / jainendra ke zabdoM meM, "vizva ke mUla meM yajJa hai| tyAga para bhoga TikA hai| sukha kI cAhanA yahA~ nahIM ho sakatI / sabako sukha nahIM mila sktaa| viziSTa ve hai jo apane sukhoM kA visarjana kareMge, ki auroM ko sukha mile|" yahAM jainendra-cintana kA nirsaga-mAloka jAgarUka hai| samAja ke prati vyakti kI uttaradAyitva-gurutA hai, jainendra ne hamezA yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai / vyaktivAda ke cakame meM jaineMdra ne 'vyatIta'-apavAda ko chora kara, samAja ko, vismRta nahIM kiyaa| baha vyakti kI samAja-gurutA ke prati jAgarUka kintu "yaha dharatI mukta puruSoM ke lie nahIM banI hai| hama sadoSa hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki hama haiM / jIvana kI AvazyakatA kA samarthana bhI yahI hai ....... koI apane sAtha bhI atyAcArI nahIM ho sktaa|"

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jainendra : vyaktitva aura kRtitva cintana ne jainendra ko kathAkAra kA rUpa diyA hai / jIvana - cintana ka kalAtmaka aura kathAtmaka DhaMga se abhivyakta karane ke lie hI 'kalyANI' kI sUi huI hai| praznatA jainendra- sAhitya ke prAdhAra vyaktitva meM hai / jIvana aura jIvana prabhAvita vibhinna sthaloM aura avayavoM ke prati jainendra kI sapraznatA aura sapraznatA ka samAdhAna-saundarya hI jAgarUka hai / "saca yaha ki AdamI ke bhItara kI vyathA hai saca hai / use saMjone hI rahanA cAhie / yaha vyathA hI hai zakti / usameM kisa kA sAjhA nahIM / usakA dAna galata hai / saMcaya hI usakA iSTa hai / ucch vAsa meM bhI use vyaya karanA bhUla hai / jitanA aMza usakA Ananda bana jAe, usI me se kharca kara sakate ho / bAkI ko to AAga ke rUpa meM bhItara rakhanA hI zreyaskara hai / bhItara sulaga nirantara cAhie, bAhara jhulasa ThIka nahIM / " (kalyANI) bhItara-bAhara ke pRthaktva aura virodha hI kleza hai / jIvana ke pratikUla hai / kleza vyathA nahIM hai / kleza meM vyathA kA jIvana athavA gaurava nahIM hai / jIvana meM kleza bar3hAne ke pakSa meM jainendra nahIM rahe, kalyANI nahIM rahI / kalyANI vyathA kI tAttvikatA meM hai / kleza kI abhivRddhi meM nahIM / jainendra ne kalyANI ke dRSTikoNa se jIvana ko dekhA hai / kalyANI kA bhAratI tapovanavAda mUlata: jainendra kI niSThA hai, kalyANI kI bhAratI tapovana - zrAsthA jainendra kI AsthA kA saundarya hai / bhAratI tapovana - AsthA meM karmavimukhatA, lokanirapekSatA, akarmaNyatA athavA palAyanavAditA nahIM hai / bhAratI tapovana-niSThA to bhAratIya saMskRti ke punarjIvana, punarjAgaraNa ra punarmUlyA~kana kA satprayAsa hai / kalyANI kI bhAratI tapovana niSThA palAyanavAda nahIM hai / 354 kalyANI kA anta dukhAMta mUlaka hai / kalyANI dukhAMta hai, kalyANI kA prata dukhapUrNa nahIM | vaha 'kalyANI' - upasaMhAra kA " maiM rahanA cAhatA hU~" satya ke jIvanavAda se zrotaprota hai / mujhe rahane do| maiM rahanA cAhatA hU~ -- yaha jIvana - zrAsthA nahIM, astittva - maMDUkatva, jIvanavAdI vyAmoha, jIvanavAdI abhinaya hai, jIvana ke prati AsthA nahIM / jIvanavAda meM jIvana-sAmarthya nahIM rahatA / jIvanavAda meM jIvana kI ... astittva-nirmalatA athavA jIvana-saundarya nahIM / kintu vastuta: jainendra-sAhitya kA eka pramukha prakAzastambha avazya hai / jainendra bhAvadRSTA haiM, tatva dRSTA haiM / jIvanadraSTA jainendra kA vRtavAdI kathA - zilpa piMDa meM brahmANDa siddhAnta para AdhArita hai - vaha madhyavargIya vyakti ke AtmapIr3anavAda kI dena hai / kathAtmakatA ke kSetra meM jainendra paridhivAdI haiM / jainendra kA kathAkSetra atyanta sImita hai | kathA - vaibhinya para jainendra utare nhiiN| vaha jIvana ke AdhArabhUta praznoM ko prAndolita karate haiM - pracalitavAda ke vRtavAda para upanyAsakAra jainendra prAdhArita

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jainendra ke jayavarddhana-pUrva upanyAsa : eka paryavekSaNa 255 wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww nhiiN| jainendra zabdoM kA apavyaya nahIM karate, zabda-vyavahAra meM mitavyayI haiN| jainendra zabdoM meM vyaktitva-pratipAdana karate haiM-unheM bhAvAtmakatA kA razmi-bodha pradAna karate haiM / zabda-cayana paramparA-zailI meM kalApUrNa nahIM, bhAva-gumphita haiM / sAdhAraNa zabdoM meM asAdhAraNa tAttvikatA gumphita karane meM jainendra kuzala haiM / padmabhUSaNa rAjA rAdhikA ramaNaprasAda siMha kI mizrita zailI kA sauMdaryavAda jainendra ne grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| ahaM aura samarpaNa ko jainendra ne kathA-rUpa diyA hai| ___antatti-nirUpaka upanyAsakAra jainendra manovizleSaNavAdI vRtta meM baMdI banAe jAne yogya nahIM / kyoMki manovizleSaNa jainendra kA sAdhana hai, sAdhya nhiiN| jainendra-nirUpita manovizleSaNa sAdhya-sauSThava se pUrita nahIM, sAdhaka-niSThA se prerita hai / jainendra piMDa-satya-nirUpaka kathAkAra haiM-sphuliGga-satya-nirUpaka kathAkAra ! bauddhikatA aura hArdikatA arthAt hArdika zraddhAvAda meM jainendra ne astittvabodha kA niSThA-saMgharSa pradarzita kiyA hai / sunItA ke vRta-bodha, kalyANI kI bhAratI tapovana-niSThA aura vyatIta-sammohitA anitA meM hArdika zraddhA ke cakravyUha ke kyA satya aura mahattva haiM, isa prora jainendra ne apanI upanyAsazAlA meM zodha-kArya kiyA hai| ahaM aura samarpaNa kA rAjyavistAra jainendra ne kathA-zilpa meM kuzala mAmikatA aura bauddhikatA kI taTastha saMzliSTatA ke sAtha kiyA hai / bahirantara ke sthUla-nyUha ko jainendra ne antarjagata-vyApAra ke saMketa-saMdhAna meM nirUpita kiyA hai| cAritrikatA ke rahasya-prayatna jainendra-kuzalatA meM sammilita rahe hai / janendra ne yugavizeSa kI aupanyAsika kathAtmakatA ko pratIka-vaibhava pradAna karane kA gaurava prApta kiyA hai / jainendra ke upanyAsa isIlie pratIkavAdI haiM, aisA maiM anubhava karatA huuN| unakI aupanyAsika cAritrikatA aura cAritrika aupanyAsikatA pratIkAtmakatA se paripUrNa haiM / jainendra-upanyAsoM kA pratIkAbhivyaMjana mAnava ko khalatA hai-jIvana ko usake piMDa-satya meM dekhane kA suprayAsa karatA hai| yaha saMrakSaNa-yogya vizvAsa hai ki hindI-upanyAsoM ke itihAsa meM jainendra ke upanyAsoM kA mahattva sadA jAgarUka rhegaa|

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