Bhartiya Yog Parampara aur Gnanarnav

Author(s): Rajendra Jain
Publisher: Digambar Jain Trishala Mahila Mandal
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004283/1

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bhAratIya yoga parampaTA aura jJAnArNava caubIsa tIrthakara mahAyogI prastotA bra. DaoN. rAjendra kumAra jaina varSa 2004

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bhAratIya yoga paramparA aura jJAnArNava prastotA bra. DaoN. rAjendra kumAra jaina nidezaka DaoN. rAjendra kumAra trivedI pro. lakSmIcandra jaina vibhAgadhyakSa DAyarekTara saMskRta pAli prAkRta gulAbarAnI sAiMsa myUz2Iyama rAnI durgAvatI vizvavidyAlaya, jabalapura 254, sarAphA bAjAra, jabalapura

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bhAratIya yoga paramparA aura jJAnArNava prastutakartA bra. DaoN. rAjendra kumAra jaina nirdezaka DaoN. rAjendra kumAra trivedI vibhAgAdhyakSa saMskRta pAli prAkRta rAnI durgAvatI vizvavidyAlaya, jabalapura pro. lakSmIcandra jaina DAyarekTara gulAbarAnI sAiMsa myUjIyama 254, sarAphA bAjAra, jabalapura varSa 2004

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kRti zodhakartA : bhAratIya yoga paramparA aura jJAnArNava : DaoN. rAjendra kumAra jaina AvRtti : 1000 lAgata mUlya : 66.00 rUpaye pAvana smRti : munizrI 108 zrI mArdavasAgara jI mahArAja, varSAyoga, varSa 2011 zrI digambara jaina maMdira, TIna zeDa,TI.TI. nagara, bhopAla ... artha sahayoga evaM prakAzaka : 1. zrI digambara jaina trizalA mahilA maMDala, TIna zeDa,TI.TI. nagara, bhopAla zrImatI indrA jaina, adhyakSa, zrImatI DAlI jaina, saciva, zrImatI urmilA jaina, upAdhyakSa, zrImatI AzA jaina, koSAdhyakSa, zrImatI sImA jaina, shsciv| 2. zrI amita jaina, misa kalekzana, bhopAla mudraka : pArasa prinTarsa 207/4, sAIbAbA kAmpaleksa, jona-1, ema.pI. nagara, bhopAla phona 0755-2574879,9826240876 . prApti sthAna : 1. bra. jineza jaina, zrI varNI digambara jaina gurukula pizanahArI maDiyA, jabalapura (ma.pra.) mo.: 9424690598 2. zrI rAkeza jaina, sarvodaya vidyApITha siddhAyatana, choTA karilA, sAgara (ma.pra.) phona : 07582-271696 3. zrI premacaMda jaina, paThA vAle vardhamAna kAlonI, jaina maMdira ke sAmane,lakSmIpurA, sAgara (ma.pra.) mo.: 9575978497

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anukramaNikA kraM. vivaraNa peja 1. maMgalAcaraNa 2. zodha viSayaka vizleSaNa prophesara ela.sI. jaina 3. do zabda DaoN.vimalacanda jaina xiii 4. prAkkathana - DaoN.rAjendra kumAra jaina xiv 5. prathama adhyAya-bhAratIya yoga paramparA 6. dvitIya adhyAya-grantha evaM granthakAra 7. tRtIya adhyAya-dhyAna kA vivecana evaM mahatva 8. caturtha adhyAya-dhyAna kI siddhi meM sahAyaka sAmagrI on 9. paMcama adhyAya-dhyAna yoga kA vizada varNana 136 10. SaSTha adhyAya-dhyAna kI prakriyA 177 11. saptama adhyAya-dhyAna mahatva evaM phala 200 12. aSTama adhyAya-upasaMhAra 217 13. sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI 231

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maMgalAcaraNa . Adya vaktavya bhAratIya yoga paramparA meM dhyAna yoga ke Adisrota Adau yo mugdha-buddhInAM, aryANAM ziva-siddhaye / svarmuktidaM dvidhA dharmaM, divyena dhvaninAdizat / / 6 / / utpAdya kevalajJAnaM, hatvAghAti-ripUn balAt / / mahAyogAsinaM naumi, tamAdi-tIrtha-vartakam / / 7 / / sukumAla carita A. sakalakIrti arthAt jinhoMne sarala buddhi AryoM kI zivopalabdhi ke lie Adiyuga meM puruSArthapUrvaka ghAtikarma rUpa zatruoM kA hanana kara kevalajJAna utpanna kiyA tathA divya dhvani ke dvArA svarga mokSadAI gRhastha muni rUpa ' do prakAra ke dharma kA upadeza diyA una Adi-dharma-tIrtha-pravartaka mahAyoga nivAsI RSabhadeva ko namaskAra karatA huuN| yogakAla kRtayuga/bha. RSabhakAla ke pUrva bhogabhUmi/ bhogayuga kA kAla thaa| antima manu/kulakara nabhirAya hue| inake nAma se bharata kSetra ke kucha bhAga AryakhaNDa kA nAma nAbhikhaMDa ho gayA yathA-himAdrijaladhe ranta bhikhaNDamiti smRtaM/1/2/37/55/ ajanAbhaM nAmaitad varSa bhAratamiti yad vyapadizanti / 5/7/3/zrImad bhAgavata bha. RSabhanAtha ke utpanna hone para inakA choTA sA "aja' nAma bhI nAbhi ke pUrva jur3a gayA tabhI se ajanAbhi yA ajanAbha varSa yaha saMjJA prasiddha huI aisA pratIta hotA hai| DaoN. avadhavihArIlAla avasthI va DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne nAbhi ko ajanAbha siddha kiyA hai| agaNitavarSa vAda jaba AdIza ke putra pra. cakravartI bharata hue inako jaba AdirAja ne dIkSA ke samaya diyA tabhI se isa deza kA nAma bharata se bhArata rakhakara janatA ke samakSa ghoSaNA kI tabhI se janatA unakI AjJA zirodhArya kara "bhArata" yaha bolatI A rahI hai bharatasya idaM iti bhAratIyaM - bharata sambandhI karma/dharma saMskRti / saMskAra ko bhAratIya kahA jAtA hai| tathA bharata ke dvArA Adarita yoga karma/dharma saMskRti kI paramparA/santati va AmnAya bhAratIya yoga paramparA hai usI yoga paramparA meM jJAnArNava /yogArNava hai jo yaha zodha kA viSaya mahatvapUrNa hai jisameM bhArata kI mUla paramparA kA samAveza hai bhAratIya zabda vyApaka hai zubhacandrAcArya kA yogArNava vyApya hai jo sindhu meM vindu pramANa hai Adideva se lekara mahAvIra taka jitanA bhI yaugika upadeza hai vaha bhAratIya yoga hai usakA anusaraNa kara jina AcAryoM ne jo bhI yaugika kathana kiyA hai vaha bhAratIya hai usameM zubhacandra bhI garbhita haiM jinhoMne yogArNava ko pAra kiyaa| (iv)

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kolambasa Adi aMgrejoM ne isako inDiyA nAma diyA, musalamAnoM ne sindhusthAna ke uccAraNa ke viparyAsa ke kAraNa hindusthAna kahA jaise pAkisthAnaM, turkisthAna aadi| yaha yahAM tIsarekAla ke anta se abhI taka ke nAmakaraNa kA saMkSipta itihAsa hai| sindhu deza meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nanihAla thii| ceTaka (cetaka) rAjA va subhadrA rAnI unake nAnAnAnI the| jinakA prabhAva pUre bhArata meM vyApta thA jina kI sAta putriyAM thiiN| eka trizalA thI jo kumAra mahAvIra kI mAtA hone se jagajjananI/jagadambA thIM yahAM celanA kumArI kuzAgrapura/rAjagraha meM rAjA zreNika vimvasAra kI paTarAnI thIM kauzAmbI, ujjaina, pATalIputra (paTanA) videha deza Adi bhI ceTaka mahArAjA ke prabhAva meM the| jyeSTA va sAtyaki rAjA se gyArahaveM mahAdeva sthANu rudra utpanna hue jo bhAvaliMgI mahAmuni RddhIdhArI hokara sAmAnya sthiti ko prApta hue jinhone ujjainI masAna meM sthita apane bhAI mahAvIra kI parIkSA lI aura prasanna hokara ativIra yaha saMjJA dii| isa taraha sindhu dezavAsI ceTaka kA prabhAva vikhyAta sabhI rAjagharAnoM meM thaa| sindhughATI kI sabhyatA bhI jaina bhAratIya saMskRti kI paricAyaka hai| sarva prAcIna jaina vedoM meM varNita sindhu nadI bhI prasiddha nadI pAkasthAna Adi ke andara bahI hai jahAM itihAsajJoM dvArA takSazikSA kI sthiti svIkArI gaI hai| jisake taToM se aneka digambara jaina RSigaNa zivatva ko prApta hue| una saba kAraNoM se bhI loga bharata kSetra ke kucha mukhya bhAga ko bhArata se sindhu sthAna kahane lge| yaha nAma jainoM ke mahatva kA darzAyaka hai| koI kucha bhI kahe yahAM ke purAvazeSayoga ke sabala pramANa hai| yogiyoM ke phalakoM se yoga paramparA kI puSTi hotI hai| jainoM meM yogiyoM kI do (khaDgAsana-padmAsana) AsaneM mukhya haiN| lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva AdhyAtmika samrATa AtmapravAdAMgAMza ke jJAtA AcArya kundakunda deva hue jinhoMne yogibhakti likhI usameM aneka AsanoM kA nAmollikha kiyaa| yathA - (mU.prA.gA.) bahuviha paDimaTThAI, Nisijja-vIrAsaNekka-vAsIya / ANiTThIva kaDu-vadIe, cattadeheya vaMdAmI In1 saM.TI. .......... niSadyA copaviSTa-kAyotsargaH vIrAsanaM ekapArzvazcate niSadya-vIrAsanaikapArzvinaH taan| yahA~ tIna AsanoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai niSadyAsana (padmAsana, arghapadmAsana, siddhAsana paryaMkAsana Adi jo baiThe-baiThe lagAI jAe) vIrAsana (vIroM kI Asana, padmAsana meM donoM hAthoM ko nAbhi ke pAsa karanA) eka tathA pAzrvAsana (eka pArzva/pakhavADe/karabaTa se leTakara dhyAna karanA) aise yoga ko dhAraNa karane vAle jaina yogiyoM ke lie namaskAra ho| pratimAsthAyI kA, vyutsarga/utthitAsana/khaDgAsana/ . khaDI Asana/ThANI Asana bhI artha hotA hai| di. jainAcArya kundakRta yogibhakti (aMcalikA) AdAvaNa-rukkhamUla-avbhovAsa-ThANa moNavIrAsaNekkapAsa-kukkuDAsaNa-cau-cha-pakkha-khavaNAdi-joga-juttANaM savvajoI-sAhUNaM arthAt - AtApanayoga, vRkSamUlayoga abhrAvakAzayoga (sthAna) khaDI ThANIyogAsana, maunayoga, vIrAsana, ekkaparvAsana kukkuTAsana caturtha-kSapaNA-yoga, SaTkSapaNayoga pakSakSapaNayoga se yukta sarvayogI sAdhu kI maiM arcanA, pUjA, vaMdanA, namaskAra Adi karatA huuN| (v)

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zrI gotama svAmi-racita munipratikramaNA pATha-gaMta-vIra-bhakti meM mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue kahA hai- . dhyAnasthitAH saMyama-yoga-yuktAH ekAgratAM gatAH saMyamena dvAdaza prakAreNa yAvajjIvaM vratalakSaNena vA upalakSito yogo manovAkkAya vyApArazcita vRtti-nirodho vA tena yuktAH santaH / mUla pratikramaNa granthatrayI pR. 76 jeMhiM jhANaggi-vANehi aidddddhyN| 2 / dhammavara-sukkekkaM-jhANaM gayA / / / / / paMcaparameSThI prA. bhaktI A. kundakunda zreSTha dharmadhyAna vA pradhAna zukla dhyAna meM lIna sAdhu hote haiM yahAM do dhyAnoM kA kathana AyA hai jisameM sabhI yoga samAyA hai| jina siddhoM ne dhyAna rUpI agnivANa ke dvArA atidRr3ha kaThora janma jarA mRtyu rUpI tInoM nagaroM ko jalA diyA jinhoMne zAsvata ziva sthAna ko prApta kiyA aise siddha hamAre lie zreSThajJAna deveN| yahAM dhyAna ko agni vANa kI upamA dI hai jo agni ko utpanna karane vAlA divyAstra hotA / rayaNasAra meM ye hI AcArya dhyAna kI mahimA kA bakhAna karate hue kahate haiM - jhANeNa savvakamma NijjaraNaM-dhyAna se sabhI karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| dhyAna ko yoga samAdhi bhI kahate haiN| isake sAdhana bhI jainAcAryoM ne pUrva meM hI . . kahe hai- jhANaM havei aggI,..... || 232 // samayasAra arthAt dhyAna rUpI agni se karma jalakara mokSa hotA hai yathA - jama-Niyama-saMjama-sIla........ / indrabhUti gotama svAmI racita vIra bhakti kI aMcalikA arthAt yama, niyama saMyama va zIla Adi kA doSa dUra ho| jo sAro savva-sAresu, so sAro esa goym| sAraM jhANaMti NAmeNa, savvaM buddhehi desidaM / / 8 / / dhidimaMto khamAjutto, jhaannjog-pritttthido| parIsahANauraM deMto uttamaMvada-massido / / 7 / / uttamavrata vAlA, yoga, dhRti va kSamA se sahita parisahoM ko hRdaya se sahatA huA dhyAna.va yoga meM sthita hotA hai| mahAvIra kahate haiM ki he gotama sabhI sAroM meM jo sAra hai vaha sAra dhyAna sAra nAma se sabhI kaivalya buddhi vAle tIrthaMkara buddhoM ne kahA hai| dasa-viha-dhammajjhANesu (muni prati. pATha) daza prakAra ke dharma dhyAnoM ke doSa dUra hove jinakA vizada vivecana zrI jinasena deva ne harivaMza purANa meM kiyA hai| _dravyAnuyoga veda meM saMvara-nirjarA tatva ke kAraNa bhUta dhyAna kA varNana AtA hai prathama sUtragrantha tattvArtha/mokSazAstra ke navameM adhyAya meM isakA sAGgopAMgavarNana hai aMtaraMga tapoM meM aMtima tapa dhyAna hai jisase sAkSAt mokSa hotA hai cAra ArAdhanAgata tapa ArAdhanA meM dhyAna kA varNana jaannaa| Namo uggatavANaM, Namo tatta tavANaM / Namo ghoratavANaM, Namo ditta-tavANaM di. A. puSpadaMta bhUtabali SaTkhaMDAgama ke ina sUtroM se bhI dhyAna tapa kI mahimA prakaTa hotI hai| ye prasiddha sarva prAcIna likhita ullekha haiN| (vi)

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mahAtapA mahAtejA .................... ........................... / / 8 / / mahat tapo dvAdazavidhaM tapo yasya saH / mahAn bAraha prakAra kA tapa jinake ho| vAraha tapoM meM mukhya dhyAna tapa hai| 6.a. mahAmunirmahAdhyAnI .................... ....................... / 19.|| dhyAnaM dharmya-zakladhyAna dvayaM vidyate yasya saH dhyAnI mahAMzcAsau dhyAnI ... / mahAdhyAnapatirdhyAta-mahAdharmo mahAvrataH / ........ / / 7 / / mahAdhyAnasya paramazukladhyAnasya patiH.... / mahAn dhyAna parama zukla dhyAna hai usake pati svAmI arahaMtadeva RSabhadeva ko namaskAra ho / mahendra vandyoyogIndro yatIndo ..................... / yahA bhaM. RSabha ko yogIndra khaa|| 13 / / mahAdAno mahAjJAno mahAyogo mahAguNaH / / 11 / / paMcama adhyAya - mahAna yogazcetonirodho yasya saH arthAt mahAn yoga vAle yogIzvara vRSabha ___ sadAyogaH sadAbhogaH, ........................ pR.65 TIkA - sadA sarvakAlaM yogo AsaMsAra-malavdha lAbha-lakSaNaM parama zukladhyAnaM yasya sa sadAyogaH / . sarva-yogIzvaro'cintyaH .... .......................... yogAtmAjJAnasarvagaH / / 9 / / TIkA-sarvayogIzvaraH sarvayogInAM gaNadhara-devAdInAM IzvaraH svAmI / / 62 / / yogAtmA - yogo'labdha-lAbha AtmA yasyetti tathA coktaM anekArthe - yogo vizrabdha-dhAtini alabdhalAbhe saMgatyAM kArmaNa-dhyAna-yuktiSu vapuH sthairya-prayoge ca saMnAhe bheSaje ghane viSkammAdAvupAye c|| 68 / / arthAt mahAna yoga citta nirodha hai, sadA Aja taka jisakA lAbha nahIM huA aisA parama zukla dhyAna jinake hai ve sadAyoga haiM gaNadharadevoM ke bhI Izvara tIrthaMkara vRssbheshvr| Aja taka jo AtmA prApta nahIM huI usa rUpa hokara rahanA yogAtmA hai anekArtha koSa meM yoga zabda ke nimna artha haiM vizrabdha, dhAtA, alabdhalAbha, saMgati, kArmaNa, dhyAna, yukti mukti, zarIra, sthairya, prayoga, saMnAha, bheSaja, ghana viSkaMbha Adi aura upaay| viyogo yogavid vidvAn, vidhAtA suvidhiH sudhIH / / 3 / / adhyAtma-gamyo gamyAtmA yogavid yogivanditaH ............ ||10|| yoga-malabdha-lAbhaM vettIti / yogo dhyAna-sAmagrI yogo-vidyate yeSAMte yoginaH tairvanditaH / pa.95 namaH parama-yogAya..... ................ / .................................... / / 20 / / (vii)

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parama-yogAya yogo/dhyAnaM dhyAna-sAmagrI / sAmyaM/svAsthyaM/samAdhizca,yogazcetonirodhanaM / zuddhopayoga ityete, bhavantyekArtha-vAcakAH // 1 // na padmAsanato yogo, na ca nAsAgra-vIkSaNAt / manasazcendriyANAM ca, saMyogo yoga ucyate / paramazcAsau yogaH parama-yogaH // 2 // viziSTayogadhArItriyoga se rahita / yoga/alabdha lAbha ko jAnane vaale| yoga/dhyAna kI sAmagrI yogiyoM dvArA vandita AdIzvara prabhu the sAmya, samAdhi, yoga, citta-nirodha zuddhopayoga ye sabhI ekArthavAcI hai|.......... na sirpha padmAsana yA nAsAgra dRSTi se yoga hotA yoga to inake hone para mana aura indriyoM ke AtmAbhimukhI hone se hotA hai| AtmAbhimukhI parama yogI / uttama yogI kahilAte hai| prazAntAri-ranantAtmA, yogI yogIzvarArcitaH ............... / / 9 / / yoga - cetonirodhanaM vidyate yasya saH yogI yogiishvraarcitH| yama-niyamAsana-prANAyAma-pratyAhAra-dhAraNAdhyAnasamAdhi-lakSaNA aSTau yogAvidyante yeSAM te yoginaH yoginAM munInAM IzvarA gaNadharadevAdayastairarcitaH pUjitaH saH athavA yogI cAsau Izvarazca syog-kevlii| sacAsau arcitaH yogiishvraarcitH| athavA yogovidyate yasya sacAsauIzvaraH rudraH tenArcitaH / yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhiina ATha yogAMgoM dvArA yogI hotA hai aise yogI bhI jinake pUjaka hai ve RSabhadeva haiN| Izvara/rudra ke dvArA arcita bhagavAna aadijineshvr| isa taraha se bhagavajjina sahasra nAma meM mahAyogI AcArya jinasena svAmI ne ina nAmoM ke dvArA yoga, dhyAna va samAdhi kA varNana kiyA hai jo apUrva hai amarakIrti TIkAkAra ne aSTAMga yoga ke nAmoM kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| anya AzAdharakRta Adi sahasranAmoM ke yoga dhyAna paraka nAma yogaviSayaka prasiddhI ko darzAte haiN| ina saba kathanoM se siddha hotA hai ki yoga ke Adi praNetA RSabhadeva the| vaidika AcArya zrI svAmikarmAnandajI ne yoga ke Adi praNetA RSabhadeva nAma kI eka pustikA likhakara sabala pramANoM dvArA yaha puSTa kiyA hai| tathA vedoM ke AdhAra para dharma kA Adi pravartaka (itihAsa kI ekanavIna khoja) meM lekhaka svAmi karmAnanda jI ne likhA hai ki purAnA dharma/yoga, pUrva samaya meM hiraNyagarbha prajApati (vRSabha) ne jJAnayajJa pracalita kiyA thA, rAha yahAM spaSTa hai usa jJAnayajJa kA pracAra bhArata meM nahIM apitu sarvatra phaila gayA isake pazcAt dravya yajJa kA AviSkAra huA vaha bhI ahiMsA pradhAna paraMtu mUrkha devoM ne isake ulTe artha lagAye aura pazu Adi kA yajJa hone lgaa| isase spaSTa siddha hai ki sabase prathama jJAnayajJa/bhAvayajJa (bhAva pUjA) kA hI AvirbhAva huaa| usI bhAva pUjA ko yogadharma ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai| vartamAna pAtaJjalayoga zuddha, yoga kA grantha nahIM hai apitu sAMkhya mizrita yoga zAstra hai| purAtana yoga zAstra to gItA ke kathanAnusAra pahale hI naSTa ho cukA thaa| (viii)

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* sa cAyaM dIrghakAlena yogo naSTaH paratapaH / gItA tathA vartamAna yoga ke bhASyakAra ne anta meM likhA hai ki yahAM "sAMkhyapravacanaM' isa vizeSaNa se spaSTa hai ki sAMkhya ke AdhAra ke alAvA bhI yoga zAstra yahA thA aura vaha thA hiraNya garbha AdibrahmA kA banAyA huA yogazAstra athavA kisI anya nAma se isa viSaya kA grnth| hama apanI puSTi meM yajurveda kA pramANa upasthita karate haiM - yajJena yajJa-majayanta devAH / yaha maMtra adhyAya 31 meM hai isakA bhASya karate hue bhASyakAra zrI mahIdhara likhate haiM ki - yajJena mAnasena saMkalpena........ yajJaM yajJa-svarUpaM prajApatimayajanta ....... / arthAt - devoM ne mAnasa saMkalpa rUpa yajJa se yajJasvarUpa prajApati kI pUjA kii| basa hamArA abhiprAya siddha ho gayA ki ina vartamAna vedoM se pahale jo dharma the ve mukhyatayA bhAvapUjaka dharma the.......... basa gItA, mahAbhArata, purANa, tathA veda aura sampUrNa sAhitya isakI sAkSI detA hai ki vartamAna navIna vedoM se pahile jo yahAM dharma thA vaha vartamAna yAjJika dharma se bhinna AtmavAda kA dharma thaa| usakA nAma yogamArga/mokSamArga/(jaina) jinamArga Adi Apa kucha bhI rakha leN| vartamAna yoga darzana bhI navIna yogamArga hai vaha prAcIna to naSTa ho gyaa| jaisA ki gItA meM kahA hai - sa kAleneha mahatA yogo naSTaH paraMtapaH ..... / vaha yoga dIrghakAla se naSTa ho cukA hai| zrIyuta karmAnanda jI ke zodha se yaha siddha hotA hai ki vijJAta yogAgama se pUrva prajApati bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke dvArA pratipAdita yogavidyA ke zAstra the jo tIrthaMkara paramparA dvArA mahAvIra taka Ae phira kevalI jinoM kI paramparA meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu (candragupta ke guru) ko prApta hue isake pazcAt kramazaH unakA hrAsa hotA gyaa| abhI bhI usake aMza jainAgamoM meM prApta hote haiM muslima va aMgrejoM ke AkramaNoM meM kucha mahatvapUrNa jaina vedoM kA nAza ho gyaa| AdizaMkarAcArya ke jainoM para AkramaNa hue jisameM aneka jaina zikSAlayoM/jJAna kendroM ko parivartita kara naSTa bhraSTa kara diyA gyaa| bauddhoM ke AkramaNoM ne bhI jainAgamoM ko Ahata kiyaa| puNya se jo bhI jaina veda prApta haiM ve bhI paryApta haiN| .. bra. DaoN. rAjendra kumAra jI ne jaba jJAnArNava jI ke sambandha meM zodha kI bAta kI to sunate hI AtmA meM yoga kA saMcAra huA maiM yogavidyA viSayaka, yogAnuzIlana, yoga ke Adi praNetA bha. RSabhadeva Adi kA ADolana kara tadviSayaka mahatva se AkarSita thA, ataH saba jAnakArI lekara mana ko yogAbdhi meM tairAne kA prayAsa karane lagA. usase jo ratna prApta hue unako samhAlakara rakhA damoha zivila vArDa/rAjIva kAlonI, sAgara vardhamAna kAlonI zAntinagara, Adizvaragiri nahaTA devarI ke pravAsa kAla meM jJAnapipAsa bra.rAjendra ne Akara vicAra vimarza mAMgA maiM anya sAhityika kArya chor3akara inake sahayoga meM laga gayA aura inake dvArA anuvAdita dhyAnasAra ko dekhakara prasannatA huI usakA devarI (bInA vArahA) ke cAturmAsa meM prazikSaNa prAraMbha kiyaa| kucha azuddhiyoM kA saMzodhana kiyA paryApta vivecana kiyA gyaa| maiM prAyaH AdhyAtmika zAstroM kA padyAnuvAda karatA thaa| aba brahmacArI jI ke sujhAva se anupalabdha ananuvAdita zAstroM kA anuvAda Adi kArya prArambha kiyA hai| (ix)

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abhI jinadattacarita, mahIpAlacarita, sukumAlacarita, revAnadIpUjA, subhASitArNava, tatvavicAra sAra; paramAgama sAra, hanumAna carita Adi kA anuvAdana sampAdana kArya prAraMbha hai| kucha dhyAnAgamoM kA anuvAda bhI kiyA thA jo abhI taka chape nahIM hai| isI kArya meM ruci lene lagA mujhako bhI kucha nayA sIkhane ko milaa| bra. jI sAdhanahIna hone para bhI bhArI puruSArthazIla haiM cAritrika uccatA ke kAraNa inhoMne bar3e udyama se vidyA kA arcana-arjana kiyA hai maiMne inako choTe se hI prAthamika dhArmika zikSaNa dIkSaNa diyA hai| svAbhimAna, sahiSNutA, nirvivAdapana, panthanirpekSatA, AgamAnuvartitva zikSaNa Adi ye guNa inameM kUTa-kUTa kara bhare hai| dRSTihInatA hone para itanI uccazikSA ko prApta karanA inake hI vaza kI bAta hai| inhoMne prastuta zodha prabandha . likha kara digambara jainoM ke eka prathama abhAva kI pUrti kI hai jo sarAhanIya hai| . inakI lagana, niSTA ko dekhakara maiM bhI zikSA letA rahatA thA inako zodha sAmagrI ko ekatrita karane meM jo dikkata huI vaha dila ko dravIbhUta karane vAlI thii| zrI sammeda zikhara kI yAtrA ke daurAna maiMne pUrI sahAyatA ArA paTanA, rAjagRha, banArasa Adi ke sarasvatI bhaMDAroM meM kii| eka bAra lagA ki aba kArya pUrA nahIM ho pAegA samayAvadhi adhika ho gaI paraMtu puNya ne jora pakar3A vikalAMga pane kA phAyadA milaa| zodha prabandha jamA ho gayA, saphalatA prApta huii| DaoN. abdula kalAma bhUtapUrva rASTrapati ne pI.eca.DI. ko sammAnita kara avArDa kiyaa| brahmacArI jI kaThina udyamI haiM aneka jagahoM se hastalikhIta pratiyAM lAkara mujhe dikhAkara anuvAdana kA nivedana karate haiN| prAyaHkara choTe-choTe caritra grantha jo Aja taka mUla saMskRta ke sAtha nahIM chape ve hastalikhita meM hI dImaka ke bhojana bana rahe haiM Age calakara mUla sAhitya kA lopa ho jAegA isa bhaya se bhayabhIta hokara paM. hIrAlAla ko hastalikhita se Adhunika lekhana karane ke lie prerita kiyA hai abhI unhoMne sukumAla, mahIpAla, hanumAna carita Adi ko apanI rAiTiMga meM kiyA hai, vejoDa sAhitya hai prathamabAra dekhakara harSa huA aba maiM aneka pratiyoM se zuddha kara rahA hUM turaMta anuvAdana kara kaMpojiMga karavAkara chapavAne kA vicAra hai| bra. saMtoSa jI Amanapura, jabalapura kA isameM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai| isake pUrva inhoMne tatvavicAra sAra kRti ko chiMdavAr3A cAturmAsa meM anuvAditaM kiyA va hamase karavAyA kucha azuddhi ke sAtha chapa gaI phira sAgara ke do cAturmAsoM meM maiMne saMskRta chAyA kI phira kampojiMga huI, usI samaya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke aneka sAhityika stotroM kA anuvAdana kiyA gayA jinako zAntinagara va subhASa nagarIya sAgara jaina samAja ne chpvaayaa| devarI, bInA bar3I bajariyA nohaTA, gairatagaMja Adi ke vittIya sahayoga se tatvavicAra sAra kA nayA bRhadpa chapane vAlA hai| sAgara udAsIna Azrama digambara jaina samAja ke sahayoga se jinadatta caritra chapa rahA hai| rAjadhAnI bhopAla ke cAturmAsa ke daurAna yaha zodha prabandha trizalA mahilA maMDala TI.TI. nagara, bhopAla dvArA chapa rahA hai sabake lie sadA dharma jJAna vRddhi rUpa AzIrvAda rahe / isa mahatvapUrNa abhiyAna meM sammilita hokara vijJajana dharmArjanakara Atmika jJAnonnati kreN| aisI merI sadbhAvanA hai| --muNi maddavasAyara

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zodha viSayaka vizleSaNa nirdezaka : prophesara ela.sI. jaina, jabalapura "bhAratIya yoga paramparA aura jJAnArNava' viSaya para DaoN. rAjendra kumAra jaina dvArA prastuta zodha prabandha ke rUpa meM eka anupama kRti ko taiyAra karane kA advitIya prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM AcArya zubhacandra racita (lagabhaga 10-11vIM sadI meM)jJAnArNava AdhyAtmika dhyAna yoga kA pratinidhi grantha mAnA jAtA hai jisameM dhyAna sAdhanA se saMbaMdhita prAyaH sampUrNa sAmagrI upalabdha hai| jJAnArNava meM sAdhanAmaya jIvana jIne vAle sAdhakoM ke lie sAdhanAmArga ke sAdhaka va bAdhaka kAraNoM kA vivaraNa jisa pAradarzitA evaM vizadatA ke sAtha prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unakI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI utanI hI mahatvapUrNa hai jaisI usake racanAkAla meM rahI hogii| usakA mukhya kAraNa vartamAna meM mAnava kI ApAdhApI aura tanAvapUrNa jIvanazailI kI vivazatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa AdhyAtmika sukha-zAnti se dUra ho apane parama lakSya se hI bhraSTa hotA dikhAI detA hai| use sukhamaya jIvana jIne kA samIcIna mArgadarzana evaM lakSya kI ora gatizIla karane ke lie aise hI sarva sammata grantharAja sahAyaka ho sakate haiN| AcArya zubhacandra ne dhyAna yogya Asana ke sAtha dhyAna yogya sthAna kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne vartamAna ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kAyotsarga aura paryaMkAsana ko dhyAna ke yogya mAnA hai| prANAyAma ke viSaya meM unakA mata hai ki dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie tathA antaHkaraNa kI ekAgratA ke lie prANAyAma upayogI hai| unake anusAra vivekazIla sAdhakoM ko prANAyAma kA pahale hI abhyAsa kara lenA caahie| usake binA manovijaya kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| unhoMne prANAyAma ke pUraNa, kumbhaka aura recaka ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| sAtha hI, pratyAhAra aura dhAraNA kA eka sAtha varNana kiyA hai| - bhAratIya yoga paramparA meM vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ina tInoM pramukha paramparAoM meM dhyAna-yoga evaM AcAra viSayaka vipula sAhitya upalabdha hai| zodha prabandha meM lekhaka dvArA aneka zAstra bhaMDAroM va pustakAlayoM se zodha sAmagrI kA saMkalana tathA aneka vidvAnoM se samparka kara aneka sujhAvoM va vicAroM ko parivartana aura parivarddhana karane kA udyama kiyA gayA hai| __ zodha grantha meM zubhacandra se pUrvavartI kundakundAcArya jaise jainAcAryoM kI racanAoM ko tulanAtmaka vivecana kA AdhAra banAyA hai| zodha prabandha upasaMhAra sahita ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale adhyAya meM yoga paramparA va usake kramika vikAsa Adi vaidika granthoM meM pratipAdita yoga viSaya kI carcA kI gaI hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM AcArya zubhacandra kA paricaya varNita hai| aise mahAn yogI, mahAkavi sAdhaka AcArya zubhacandra ne sarvajanahitAya jJAnArNava jaise mahAgrantharAja kI racanA kii| isa grantha meM maharSi ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa se cAra puruSArtha batalAye haiN| inameM zuru ke tIna vinAzI haiM aura eka mokSa puruSArtha hI avinAzI hai| (Ni)

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dhyAna ke tIna bheda hote haiM-puNyAzaya yA zubhApayoga va isake viparIta pApAzaya yA azubhopayoga - aura ina donoM se rahita zuddhAzaya yA zuddhopayoga / jIvoM ke pAparUpa Azaya ke kAraNa moha, mithyAtva, kaSAya aura tattvavibhrama se aprazastadhyAna hotA hai| kaSAya ke krodha, mAna, mAyA,lobha ye cAra bheda pApa ke Azaya jinase nirantara azubhadhyAna hotA rahatA hai| azubhadhyAna ke phalasvarUpa nArakI, tiryaJca aura kumAnasoM meM utpanna hokara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA huA unake duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai aura zuddhadhyAna ke prabhAva se kevalajJAna ko utpanna karake sakala paramAtmA hokara mukti ko prApta karatA hai| inheM hI zubha, azubha aura zuddha dhyAna bhI kahate haiN| ina tInoM dhyAnoM ke phala meM zubhadhyAna se svargIya sukha kI prApti ke sAtha paramparA se mokSasukha kI prApti hotI hai| dhyAna ke vividha bheda nAmaka pA~cave adhyAya meM dhyAna ke prazasta aura aprazasta bheda haiN| aprazasta ke do bheda Arta aura raudradhyAna saMsAra ke kAraNa hone se tyAjya haiM / prazasta ke do bheda dharmya aura zukladhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hone se upAdeya haiN| dhyAnoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka dhyAna kA svarUpa, antara-bAhya lakSaNa, lezyA, svAmI, phala Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| chaThaveM adhyAya meM dhyAna kI antaraMga prakriyA ke aMtargata bAraha bhAvanA, kaSAyanigraha, indriyavijaya, rAgadveSa niSedha, sAmyabhAva kI mahimA Adi viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya meM dhyAna ke mahattva aura usake phala kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra antima adhyAya hai| mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki yaha grantha zodhArthiyoM ko naI dizA meM zodha evaM pAThakoMko uttama jIvanazailI hetu prerita karane meM upayogI siddha hogaa| itylN| vIra ni.saM. 2538 prastuti -DaoN. ajiMta kumAra jaina (janarala mainejara ma.pra. laghu udyoga nigama maryAdita) ema 8/4, gItAjaMlI kAmpalaiksa, koTarA sultAnAbAda, bhopAla (ma.pra.) (xii)

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do zabda prastuta zodha prabaMdha meM bhAratIya yoga paramparA kA vistAra se citraNa kiyA gayA hai| bra. rAjendra jaina ne prAcIna jaina sAhitya-prAkRta va saMskRta ke uddharaNoM dvArA yaha siddha karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai ki yogavidyA bhAratavarSa kI utkRSTa aura atyaMta prAcInakAlIna vidyA hai| apane kathana kI puSTi meM zodha prabandha lekhaka ne katipaya pracalita viziSTa patrikAoM meM dhyAna aura sambaMdhita aMgrejI viSayaka pustakoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai apane kathana ko puSTa karane ke lie prabaMdha, lekhaka kI yoga va dhyAna bAbada vistRta soca prakaTa karatA hai| isa prabaMdha meM vizeSataH AcArya zubhacandra racita "jJAnArNava" tathA usI se sambaMdhita upalabdha anya kRtiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| lekhaka ne dvitIya adhyAya meM "jJAnArNava" grantha kA sambaddha sArAMza de diyA hai| yoga eka aisI vidyA hai jisameM manuSya bAhya dRSTi se pare haTakara apanI antardRSTi para ekAgracitta hokara cetanatattva se bhalI-bhAMti paricita ho jAtA hai| isakI aMtima pariNati isa asAra saMsAra se mukti hai, jina kevalI kI sthitiyA~ tapa aura dhyAna haiN| dhyAna ko jaina paramparA meM viziSTa aura ucca sthAna diyA gayA hai| yoga paramparA kA aitihAsika varNana dRSTavya hai| kRti meM dhyAna kA vizada varNana vibhinna jaina zAstroM ke udAharaNa dete hue sarala evaM spaSTa bodhagamya bhASA meM, kiyA gayA hai| isase merA tAtparya hai ki dhyAna yoga ke vibhinna bhedoM-prabhedoM kI vizada vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isI krama meM dhyAna kI vividha prakriyAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake aMtargata isa bAta para pracura bala diyA gayA hai ki dhyAna kaSAya-nigraha kA sarvottama upAya hai| athavA ise indriya-vijaya zabda se bhI abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| - indriya-nigraha para vicArate hue lekhaka ne bArahAbhAvanAoM kA ciMtana karatehue mAnava apane vikArI bhAvoM para kisa buddhi bala se vijaya prApta kara svayaM ko nirmala kara letA hai, use ise AkarSaka bhASA zailI meM vyakta kiyA hai| dhyAna-yoga ke mahattva aura usake phala para bhI dRSTipAta kiyA hai| dhyAna ke tIna prakAroM para vicAra karate hue sarvazreSTha zukla dhyAna kI aura iMgita karate hue ise hI mokSa prApti kA sarvocca sAdhana batalAyA hai| anta meM yoga varNita darzana meM labdhiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha jaina yoga aura bauddhayoga meM inapara tulanAtmaka dRSTi DAlI hai| aurato-aura apane viSaya ko spaSTa karane meM lekhaka ne gaNadhara deva meM pAI jAne vAlI ATha RddhiyoM para prakAza DAlA hai| ye RddhiyAM kamoveza rUpa meM mAnava ke dhyAna yoga meM sahAyaka siddha hotI haiN|| lekhaka ne apanI viSaya vastu ko ucita rUpa se pratipAdita karane meM koI kasara bAkI nahIM rkhii| isa tathya se nahIM makarA jA sakatA ki prabaMdha ko AdyopAMta paDhane se mAnava yoga evaM dhyAna jaise AdhyAtmika viSaya ko sahajatA se hRdayaMgama kara letA hai. jisakA zreya lekhaka kI prAMjala bhASA va prastata karane kI zailI ko jAtA hai| prastuta zodha prabaMdha meM DaoN. rAjendra jaina kI bharapUra adhyavasAyato va kaThora parizrama kA patA calatA hai| DaoN. vimalacanda jaina ema.e.,pI.eca.DI. (hindI) bhopAla dinAMka ............ (xiii)

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prAkkathana kuchavarSa pUrvamadhyAnasAranAmakalaghukAya granthakA hindhanuvAda kiyA thaa| usa samaya mana meM vicAra AyA ki jaina yoga-dhyAna viSayaka upalabdha sabhI granthoM ko saMgrahIta karaeka gaiThA-dhyAnakoza banAyA jAya kintu bAda meM vijJajanoM ke parAmarza se jaitAdarzana ke kisI viSaya ko lekara zodhaprabandha likhA jAya, yaha bhAvanA prabala ho utthii| bahataUhApoha karane ke bAdajaina paramparAmeM dhyAnAviSayaparazodhakArya karane kA nirNaya prophesara lakSmIcandrajI ke parAmarza se lene kI orapravRtta haa| kintu unhoMne apane sujhAva meM itanA aura jor3a diyA ki acchA ho kisI grantha para hI zodha kiyA jaaye| yaha vicAra mujhe grAhya lgaa| maiMne turanta hI AcArya zubhacandra viracita jJAnArNavako apane zodha kA viSaya bnaayaa|kyoki AdhyAtmika viSayoM meM merI vizeSa ruciadhyayana kAla sehI rahI hai aura janadarzana meM jJAnArNava AdhyAtmika dhyAna yoga kA pratinidhi grantha mAnA jAtA hai| isameM dhyAna sAdhanA se sambandhita prAyaH sampUrNa sAmagrI upalabdha hai| isalie jJAnArNava grantha evaM granthakAra AcArya zubhacandra ke prati merI vizeSa zraddhA-bhaktivabhArAga sadA vikasita hotA rahA hai| jaba maiMne zodha kArya Arambha kiyA, taba taka mujhe isakI jAnakArI nahIM ho sakI thI ki isa grantha para mujhase pahale bhI kisI ne zodhakArya karane kA udhama kiyA hai| isI daurAna mujhe jJAta huA ki sAdhvI DaoN. darzanalatA jI ko jJAnArNava para eka zodha prabandhaprastuta kiyA thA aura vaha aba prakAzita bhI ho gayA hai| maiMne socA itane mahAn yogI, mahAkavi evaM santa ke sambandha meM eka nahIM aneka zodhaprabandha likhejAe taba bhI kama hogaa|at: aisA vicAra karake maiMne isa kArya ko jArI rkhaa| . jJAnArNava meM sAdhanAmaya jIvana jIne vAle sAdhakoM ke lie sAdhanAmArga ke sAdhakava bAdhakakAraNoM kA vivaraNa jisapAradarzitA evaM vizadatA kesAtha prastuta kiye gaye hai, unakI Aja bhI prAsaMgikatA utanI hI hai jaisI usake racanAkAla meM hogii| kAraNa Aja kA mAnava jisa ApAdhApI aura tanAvapUrNa jIvana jIne ko vivaza hotA huA AdhyAtmika sukha-zAntidUrahoapane parama lakSya sehI bhraSTa hotA dikhAI detA hai| use jIvana jIne kA samIcIna mArgadarzana evaM lakSya kI ora gatizIla karane ke lie aise hIgrantharAjasahAyaka ho sakate haiN| isa zodha kAryako karane meM mujhe apekSAkRta vilamba huA, isakA pramukha kAraNa netrajyoti kI mandatA hai| anya kAraNoM meM sAhitya kI anupalabdhatA evaMsahayogiyoM ke (xiv)

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AzvAsanA ke bAda bhI unakA sahayoga nA milanA bhI hai| sahayoga kI pratIkSA meM hI eka varSa vyatIta ho gyaa| jaise-taise isa kArya meM maiM pravRtta huaa| mujhe isa daurAna aneka vidvAnoM se samparka karane kA suavasara aayaa| sarvaprathama hI mujhegaina vidvatparamparA vidhuta evaMmAnya sva. DaoN. darabArIlAla jI koThiyA, bInA kA samAgama prApta huaa| jinhoMne mujhe viSayacayana karane ke nimitta aneka sujhAva diye| unakI vidyArthiyoM ke prati umar3aTho vAlI sahaja sahAnubhUti va ucita parAmarza kI vRtti mujhe Aja bhI yAda hai| DaoN. kamalacandra sogANI se jayapura meM hI bheTa huii| unake sujhAvava ucita mArgadarzana merI kAryapraNAlI ko taya karane meM sahAyaka huaa|aacaary saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya ke prAcArya DaoN. zItalaprasAdajI ne mujhameM jisa utsAha kA saMcAra kiyA, vahI mere kArya ko pragati ke patha para agrasara karane kA ekameva sAdhatA rhaa| unhoMne mere dvArA niyojita kiye gaye vicAroM ko dekhA-sunA hI nahIM apitu unameM apekSita parivartana aura parivartana karAThokA puruSArtha bhI kiyaa| vArANasI pravAsa ke daurAna pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke nirdezaka DaoN. bhAgacandajainA 'bhAskara' evaM sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke jainadarzana vibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN. phUlacandrajA 'premI sejo mahattvapUrNavimarza huA vaha hamAre kAryakA paatheyrhaa|| muni zrI 108 mArdavasAgara jI mahArAja ke sAtha sammedazikharajI kI tIrthayAtrA kA zubha prasaMga aayaa| usa daurAna jahA~ mujhe AcArya zubhacandra ke nirdezoM ke anusAra aneka bAra sAdhanAmaya jIvana jIne ke avasara upalabdha hue, vahIM aneka sthAnoM para sarasvati bhavanoM ke avalokanA kA lAbha bhii| jihAse mere vicAroM evaM lekhana kArya meM paryApta vikAsa huaa| - isa zodha prabandha ko AkAra deTho kI mujhameM kizcit bhI sAmarthya nahIM hotI, yadi mA~ jinavANI evaM unake sapUtoM kI parama zItala vasukhadachava mere siraparana hotii| isameM vyakta bhAvA~ jinavANI kI goda meM khelane vAle zizu kI bhA~ti totalIbhASA meM hI haiN| unake abhiprAya yathAvata rakhane meM yadi kahIM koI truTi haIhotovemujhe itanA jJAnadeM ki use nikAla sakU~ aura uThAke uddezyAnukUla maiM bhI unake prati apanA puruSArtha kara skuuN| mA~ jinavANI evaM uThAke lADale AcArya bhagavantoM ke prati maiM zataza: namanA karatA huApramudita hotA huuN| samyagdarzana, zAna va cAritra kI sAkSAtmUrti tapa:pUta, dharmaprabhAvaka, parama zraddheya pUjya gurudeva digambara jainAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke zrI caraNoM meM sAdara namo'stu nivedita karatA huuN| kyoki isa kArya ko karane meM sarvaprathama ApakA AzIrvAda milaa|prthm pratimA evaM brahmacaryavrata ke saMkalpa aura dhArmika evaM saMskRta bhASA ke vizeSa (xv)

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adhyayana hetu ApakA mArgadarzana va AzIrvAda rahA hai| Apake zrIcaraNoM kA sAnnidhya mujhe jinakI asIma kRpA se prApta huA aise pUjya munivara mArdavasAgara jI mahArAja ke zrI. caraNoM meMAmanA karatA huuN|aapkaa mere Upara vizeSa anugraha rahA hai| merIdhArmika zikSA kA prArambha inhIM ke anugraha se huaa| yadyapi bhApa mere agraja bhI haiM vajIvanamArgadarzaka bhii| zodhasambandhIkAryoM ke liye bhI ApakAsaMnidhAnA hImujheprANavAyu kI taraha kAryakArI rhaa|aapke dvArA mere lie kiyA gayA parizrama evaM cintA donoM hI ukraya na hone vAle upakAra ke samAThA hai| saMghastha anya sAdhuoM meM pUjya munizrI guptisAgara jI mahArAja, munizrI samAdhisAgara jI mahArAja, munizrI abhayasAgara jI mahArAja evaM munizrI pravacanAsAgara jI mahArAja kA anugraha bhI mujhe isa kAryakarapAThokAsaMbala rhaa| Aja mujhe gauravakA anubhava horahA hai ki maiM kisIjainAcArya para zodha prabandha prastuta kara skaa| kintu hamArA yaha gaurava taba anantaguNita hojAtA hai jabaku yAda AtA hai ki yahA~ taka Ane kA zreya to mere zikSA guru jagajagat ke nirvivAda mAnya vidvAn sva. DaoN. paM. pannAlAla jI sAhityAcAryako hai| uhAkIhI asIma kRpA ke kAraNa isa kArya ke lAyaka maiM ho skaa| unake prati vinayapraNAma nivedita karane meM mujhe ati khuzI anubhUta hotI hai| mere isa zodha kArya ke AdhAra stambha rAnI durgAvatI vizvavidyAlaya, jabalapura ke saMskRta-pAli-prAkRta vibhAgAdhyakSa zrImAn DA. rAjendrakumAra trivedI kA kuzala nirdezana hI ise kRtakArya karane meMpade-padesAtha rhaa| unakA hRdaya se AbhAra vyakta kara pAne ke lie zabdahIhIM hai| hRdayasehRdayakAsambandha hoThoparahI use ehasAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| Apane apaTho vyasta samaya meM se samaya nikAla karasadAhI mArgadarzana evaM sAmagrI kA sUkSma avalokana kara usakI viSayavastu ke sAtha bhASA ke pariSkAra evaM saMzodhana takameMsahAyya pradAna kiyA hai| isI taraha jaiThA jagat ke vidhuta evaM gaNitake vizvyAtaprophesara lakSmIcandajeThA, jabalapurakA vizeSa mArgadarzana hI mujhajaise saMbalahIna ke lie sahArA rhaa| ubhayanirdezakoM kA AbhAra vyakta kara pAne kI sAmarthya kujhameM aura zabdoM meM nhiiN| uThAse to apekSA hogI ki unakI yaha anukampA isI taraha sadaiva merA mArgadarzana krtiirhe| mArgake aneka utAra-caDhAvake daurAna pathika rAha calane kA vicAra hItyAga karane ke lie tatpara ho jAtA hai| kintu kabhI-kabhI patha meM milate rahane vAle anya pathikoM ke mAdhyama se use puna:punaH apane zaurya evaM kSamatA kI yAda AtI rahatI hai| jisasevaha uThA vicAroM kAhItyAga karadetA hai jisake kAraNa vaha pathagamana kA vicAra tyAga rahA thaa| ekadaurAna aisA bhI AyA ki maiM apane vyaktigata kAraNoM se isa kAryako (xvi)

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chor3aTho ke lie tatpara ho gayA thaa| kintu mere dvitIya dhArmika zikSA sahAyaka zrIbra. rAkezakumAra jI ko isa kArya kA zreya hai ki isa apUrNa kArya ko pUrNatA kI ora le gye| anyathA maiM to asahAya ho isa kAryako samAptaprAya hI mAThA cukane kI ora hI thaa| Apake hI sahayoga ho hI isa zodha prabandha ko zodha prabandha kA rUpa evaM bhASA ko parimArjita karane ke sAtha kampyUTarIkRta karane kI jimmedArI nivaahii| unake prati kRtA honA svAbhAvika hI hai| maiM jinakA RNa kamIcukAne ke lAyaka hopAUMgAairomere mAtA-pitA zrI bhAgacandra jI evaM zrImatI zIlarAnI jaina kA anugraha jIvana meM sadA rahA hai| unakI anukampA se hI maiM adhyAtmamArga meM agrasara ho skaa| unake prati vizeSa rUpa seshrddhaavnaathuuN| lagabhaga 14 varSoM se adhyayahAkAla meM mujhesamIprakAra kI suvidhAe~ pradAna karane vAle evaM merIanukUlatA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanevAle zrIvarNI digambarajaina gurukula ke saMcAlaka evaM adhiSThAtA pratiSThAcAryajyeSTha mAtAtulyabra. jiozajIkA meMcirakRtajJahU~ | Apa hamArIdhArmika zikSA ke sahAyaka bhI haiN| isa saMsthA ke prabandhakoM kA sahayoga bhI maiM karatA huuN| mujheThotramandatA ke kAraNa lekhana ke lie aneka logoM se sahayoga kI apekSA karanI pdd'ii| mere sahapAThI bhAI darzanAcAryavra. surendrakumAra jaina ko bhI yAda karatA huuN| unake prati merA vizeSa sttohrhaahai| jo isa kArya ke daurAna aura bhI vRddhiMgata huA hai| isI taraha mujhe damoha nivAsI DaoN. zrImatI nIlama jaina kA bhI vizeSa sahayoga prApta huaa| unake prati kRtajJatA kA bhAva jJApita karatA huuN| isa samaya mujhe yAda hai ki maiM prastuta kArya ko karane meM kitanA sAdhanahIna thaa| yadi mujhe aneka pustakAlayoM evaM unake prabandhakoM kA sahayoga na milA hotA, to yaha kAryakarapAnA saMbhava hI nahIM thaa| maiMne apahokAryake calatezrIvargIdiga. jaina gurukula, jabalapura, zrIpArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, zrIsarasvati bhavanA, ArA, prAkRta sAhitya akAdamI, jayapura, AcAryazALAsAgara saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura, zramaNa saMskRti saMsthAna, sAMgAnera, zrIdigambarajaina saMsthAna, hastinApura evaM sarvodaya janA vidyApITha, sAgara AdikepustakAlayoM ke sAtha digambara jaina mandiroMsejur3e aneka zAstramaNDAroM kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| ata: isa zodha prabandha meM upayoga kI gaI pustakoM ke mAnanIya lekhakoM evaMpustakAlayoM ke prabandhakattAoM kA AbhAra avazya hI vyakta karanA caahuuNgaa| anya sahayogiyoM meM bra. rAjezajaina, gar3hA, jabalapura, 7. ravIndragaiThA, koTA, brarAjezaNaiA 'vardhamAtA', sAgara, bra. dharmendrakumAra, udayapura, ba. vinodakumArajI, bhiNDa, bra. vinodakumAra evaM bra. saMtoSA dAnApatijabalapura, bra. trilokacandra tathA saMyogajaina (xvii)

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AdikA AbhArI huuN| lekhana kArya meM sadAsahayoga karane vAle bra.AdinAtha jI ko maiM isa kSaNa bhulA nahIM sktaa| paM. rAjakumAra zAstrI, kSetrIya grAmINa baiMka, devarI evaM devarI nivAsI sudhI zrAvakoM kA bhI AbhAra mAnatA hU~, jinhoMne isa kArya meM ucita sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| isa kArya ke pratyakSa aura parokSa rUpa se sahayogI mere ayajasurezacandra, saMghastha ba. lakSmIcandra, subhASacandra, rAjakumAra, mahendrakumAravapremacandra kA bhI bahuta AbhAra mAnatA huuN| kArya kI pUrNAhUti karane ke samaya mujhe sAgara meM pravAsa karanA pdd'aa| usa daurAnA bhAgyodaya tIrtha keprabandha nirdezakazrImAnDI. darabArIlAla jaina kA vizeSa sahayoga prApta huaa| uThAke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA huuN| isa kArya ke pUrNa hone meM pratyakSa aura parokSa rUpa se sahayogI hoTho vAle uThA sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ke prati bhI maiM hArdika AbhAra vyakta karanA cAhatA hU~, jinakA nAmollekha maiM yahA~ nahIM kara sakA huuN| ___ merA yaha zodha prabandha jaiThA yoga ke sUkSma adhyayana evaM zodhakattabhioM aura jainA yoga kI sAdhanA meM abhirata vijJa sudhIjanoM ke lie yatkizcit lAbhaprada hogA aisI merI bhAvanA hai| - ba. rAjendrakumAra jaina (xviii)

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bhAratIya yoga paramparA meM vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ye pramukha tIna paramparAe~ mAnI jAtI haiN| ina tInoM paramparAoM meM dhyAna-yoga evaM AcAra viSayaka vipula sAhitya upalabdha hai| dhyAna yoga viSaya para kaI maulika zodha prabandha bhI prakAzita hue kintu jaina yoga paramparA meM AcArya zubhacandra dvArA praNIta jJAnArNava jaina yoga kA pratinidhi grantha mAnA jAtA hai| usakA bhAratIya yoga paramparA meM kyA mahattva hai evaM AcArya zubhacandra kA aitihya vRtta kyA thA ? bhAratIya yoga paramparA meM unakA kyA avadAna rahA hai ityAdi viSayoM kI jAnakArI jJAnArNava meM pratipAdita dhyAna yoga kI paddhati prAyogika rUpa se apanAkara yoga meM ruci rakhane vAle loga isakA lAbha arjita kareM, isI uddezya ko lakSya banAkara prastuta zodha prabandha ko likhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jJAnArNava meM vivecita dhyAna yoga ke svarUpa ko samyaka rItyA avagama ke lie jJAnArNava se pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM ke dhyAna yoga viSayaka granthoM kA gambhIratA ke sAtha adhyayana karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| ata: zubhacandra se pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM kundakunda, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, jinasena Adi kI racanAoM ko tulanAtmaka vivecana kA AdhAra banAyA hai| kahIM-kahIM para pAtaJjalayogasUtra, gItA Adi ko tulanA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| . . prastuta zodhaprabandha kA zIrSaka bhAratIya yoga paramparA aura jJAnArNava hai| sampUrNa zodha prabandha upasaMhAra sahita ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| bhAratIya yoga paramparA nAmaka pahale adhyAya meM sarvaprathama yoga paramparA kI pRSThabhUmi yoga zabda evaM usakA artha itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM yoga ke AdyakartA bhagavAn RSabhadeva athavA pratyeka sampradAya vAloM ne apane kula deva ko yogamArga kA Adi kartA mAnA hai| yoga kA srota evaM usake kramika vikAsa para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa hai isameM veda, upaniSada, mahAbhArata, gItA, yogavAziSTa, smRti, purANa, bhAgavat Adi vaidika granthoM meM pratipAdita yoga viSaya kI carcA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI haThayoga, nAthayoga, zaivayoga, zAktayoga, pAtaMjalayogadarzana, advaitavedAntadarzana Adi ke anusAra yoga ke vibhinna aMgoM kA vivecana vizleSaNa huA hai| isake bAda bauddha paramparA meM dhyAnayoga sambandhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| adhyAya ke anta meM jaina yoga paramparA aura usameM upalabdha yogaviSayaka sAhitya kA ullekha kara yoga kI avadhAraNA sambandhI vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| dvitIya adhyAya meM jJAnArNava grantha aura AcArya zubhacandra kA paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jJAnArNava vAstava meM jJAna kA samudra hai| kyoMki isameM pratipAdita dhyAna yoga sambandhI viSaya samudra ke samAna agAdha aura gambhIra hai grantha ke dhyAna zAstra, dhyAnatantra, yogapradIpa prabhRti anya nAma bhI granthakAra ke dvArA diye gaye haiN| Age grantha ke pratipAdya viSaya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AdyopAnta sampUrNa grantha meM dhyAna se hI sambandhita viSayoM kI hI vivecanA huI hai| sampUrNa grantha kAvyAtmaka zailI meM 42 sargoM se vibhakta hai| AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi meM eka aise sAdhaka kA jIvana uddiSTa thA jo laukika (xix)

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jIvana se sarvathA parAGmukha ho, AdhyAtmika jIvana jItA ho| ___ AcArya zubhacandra digambara jaina paramparA se sambaddha the inheM pUrvavartI AcAryo dvArA praNIta vipula sAhitya prApta thA jisakA inhoMne jJAnArNava grantha kI racanA meM prabhUta upayoga kiyA / jinameM AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika viSayoM para race gaye AcArya kundakunda, umAsvAmI, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaMka aura jinasena ke grantha mukhya hai AcArya zubhacandra meM kavitva kI adbhuta racanAdharmitA thii| ve pratipAdya viSaya ko abhIpsita chandoM aura zabdoM meM pirone meM kuzala the| inhoMne apanI kRti ke mAlinI, sragdharA, vaMzastha, zikhariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita, mandAkrAntA, AryA prabhRti aneka chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ke grantha kA lakSya bahirAtmabhAva se antarAtma bhAva ko prApta karate hue paramAtmabhAva meM adhiSThita honA hai| ata: sahaja hI yaha zAnta rasa se jar3a jAtA hai| Age grantha para saMskRta, hindI evaM rAjasthAnI Adi bhASAoM meM upalabdha TIkA aura TIkAkAroM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| granthakAra ne svayaM apanI ekamAtra upalabdha . . kRti meM apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA ata: granthakAra kA samaya nirdhAraNa bhI vidvAnoM va anumAnoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| vizvabhUSaNa kRta bhaktAmara kathA ke AdhAra para ApakA kiJcit jIvana paricaya prApta hotA hai| jisake AdhAra para ApakA samaya bhojarAja ke samakAlIna gyArahavIM zatI siddha hotA hai| jJAnArNava kA hemacandra ke yogazAstra para spaSTata: prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| ata: zubhacandra kA samaya hemacandra se kucha pUrvavartI 11-12 zatAbdI mAnanA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki hemacandra kA samaya 1145 se 1229 vi. saM. sunizcita hai| bhaktAmara kathA ke AdhAra para AcArya zubhacandra ujjayinI ke rAjA sindhula ke putra evaM bhartRhari ke bar3e bhAI the| ___adhyAya ke anta meM zodha kI dRSTi se kRti kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti RSiyoM ke RNa se uRNa nahIM ho sktii| RSiyoM kA usameM bahuta bar3A yogadAna hai| unake tapa ke prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa bar3e se bar3A kArya sampAdita ho jAtA hai| RSi bhAratIya saMskRti kI nIMva haiN| RSi kI vANI dharma hai, RSiyoM kA kArya dharma hai, RSi dharma ke sAkSAt rUpa hai| RSi vAkya hI smRti aura veda haiN| dharmagranthoM kA praNayana RSiyoM ke yogadAna binA asaMbhava hai| aise hI mahAn sAdhaka yogI mahAkavi santa zubhacandra ke dvArA sarvajanahitAya jJAnArNava jaise mahAgrantharAja kI racanA saMbhava huI / jisakA ekAgratApUrvaka adhyayana karake pratyeka pAThaka yoga sAdhanA meM pAraMgata ho sakatA hai maharSiyoM ne dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ye cAra puruSArtha batalAye haiN| inameM zuru ke tIna vinAza se sahita haiM aura eka mokSa puruSArtha hI avinAzI hai| ata: mumukSu antima puruSArtha mokSa ke lie prayAsa karatA hai aura usakA mArga ratnatraya hai| tattvArtha kA sahI zraddhAna tattvArtha kA sahI parijJAna aura pApakriyA se nivRtti ratnatraya kA svarUpa mAnA gayA hai| ata: mokSAbhilASI puruSa ko nirantara dhyAna kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa

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jJAnAvasthA ko mAnA gayA hai| ajJAna kI avasthA vibhAva ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| usase nAnA prakAra ke duHkha yathA janma, maraNa, jarAvasthA, roga, aniSTasaMyogAdi vibhAva kI hI prApti hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki maharSi pataMjali ne ina vaibhAvika vRttiyoM se mukta hone kI avasthA ko yoga kahA hai| jaina paramparA meM AcArya zrI umAsvAmI ne mana ke cintana kA eka hI vastu para avasthAna arthAt kendrita karane ko dhyAna kahA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI kisI viSaya para citta ko sthira kara cintana karanA hI dhyAna mAnA gayA hai| vaidika, jaina aura bauddha tInoM hI paramparAoM meM dhyAna abhyAsa kI vividha vidhiyoM para paryApta carcA milatI hai| prAyaH tInoM paramparAoM meM dhyAna ko mokSa yA kaivalyaprApti kA sabala sAdhana svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra dhyAna karane vAle dhyAtA puruSa ke vivekajJAna kA honA jarUrI hai| kyoMki jaba taka apane aura parAye kA samyagjJAna nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha kisakA dhyAna karegA ? sva-para kI sahI jAnakArI ke binA jo bhI dhyAna hogA vaha rAgadveSamUlaka hogaa| kyoMki cirantana kAla se hI ajJAnamaya kuvAsanAoM ke saMskAra nirantara calate rahate haiN| jisase mana sadA kSubdha aura azAnta banA rahatA hai| kintu jaise hI sacce anubhavI guru kI saMgati aura sadazAstroM ke gahana manana-cintana se sva-parabheda vijJAna kiyA jAtA hai| tabhI jJAnI jIva jJAyaka bhAva mAtra apanI AtmA ko para padArthoM para bhAvoM se pRthak kara AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA dhyAna karane meM sakSama hotA hai| usako yaha dRDha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki AtmA se atirikta para padArtha mere nahIM haiN| maiM bhI unakA nahIM huuN| karma ke nimitta se jo bhI merI AtmA meM rAgadveSAtmaka vikalpa jAla utpanna ho rahe haiM ve bhI mere nija bhAva nahIM haiN| maiM to mAtra jJAyaka-cetana piNDa huuN| kyoMki ye kAma-krodhAdi vikArI bhAva paudgalika karmoM kI udayAvasthA aura bAhya meM zarIrAdi para padArthoM ke nimitta se hue haiN| ata: ye para saMyogI bhAva yaha merA svarUpa nahIM haiN| vivekI jIva vicAra karatA hai ki AtmAtirikta anya padArtha na mere the aura na maiM unakA thA, na ye mere haiM aura na maiM unakA hU~ evaM na ye mere hoMge aura na maiM inakA houugaa| isa prakAra ke nirantara bhedavijJAna ke mAdhyama se jJAnI AtmA, pUrvasaMskArajanya aura para saMyogajanya sampUrNa kAma-krodhAdi rAgadveSAdi vikArI bhAvoM ko jItane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| isa taraha apane jJAna-vairAgya ko vRddhiMgata karatA huA dhyAna ke abhyAsa meM prayatnazIla hotA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne saMkSepa rucivAn ziSyoM ke anugraha ke lie dhyAna ke sAmAnyatayA tIna bheda nirdezita kiye haiN| yaha unakI apanI vivecana paddhati kI vizeSatA hai aura isa vivecana kA mUlAdhAra adhyAtmayuga ke pravartaka AcArya kundakunda dArA racita pravacanasAra Adi meM upalabdha bhI hai| upayoga ke AdhAra para dhyAna ke tIna bheda hote haiN| AtmA ke pariNAma vizeSa ko upayoga kahate haiN| puNyAzaya yA zubhopayoga isake viparIta pApAzaya yA azubhopayoga aura ina donoM se rahita zuddhAzaya yA zuddhopayoga inheM hI zubha, (vi)

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azubha aura zuddha dhyAna bhI kahate haiN| puNyAzaya ke vaza zuddhalezyA ke AlambanapUrvaka vastu svarUpa kA cintana karanA zubhadhyAna hai| pavitra abhiprAya hone se prANI pApo se bacatA hai| kaSAya se milI hue mana, vacana aura kAya ina tInoM yogoM kI pravRtti ko lezyA kahate haiN| lezyAyeM chaha haiM - kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta, padma aura zukla / inameM prathama tIna azubha lezyAyeM haiM aura anta kI tIna zubhalezyAyeM haiN| pIta lezyA meM dharma ke prati prema hotA hai| dAna, paropakAra Adi meM mana lagatA hai| kArya aura akArya kA viveka rahatA hai| padmalezyA meM aura adhika vizuddhi hotI hai| sAdhusevA, devapUjA Adi meM prIti hotI hai| tyAgavRtti jagatI hai, aba vaha samatA pariNAma ke abhyAsa meM bhI lagatA hai aura zuklalezyA vAlA jIva pakSapAta rahita zuddha Azaya vAlA rahatA hai| ina vizuddha lezyAoM ke avalambana se bhI zubhadhyAna hotA hai| vastu utpatti, vinAza aura dhrauvya arthAt sthAyIpane se yukta ho sadA pariNamanazIla hai| pUrvaparyAya kI apekSA vinAza uttara paryAya kI apekSA utpAda aura dravya sAmAnya kI apekSA dhrauvyapanA banA rahatA hai| mUla rUpa se kabhI bhI kisI vastu kA sarvathA .. abhAva nahIM hotA aura na hI utpAda / isa taraha pratyeka vastu paraspara virodhI aneka dharmoM kA puMja hai| vastu meM ve saba virodhI dharma avirodha rUpa se rahate haiN| yahI vastukA anekAntapanA hai| jisakA kathana syAdAda naya ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| syAt kA artha kathaMcit kisI nizcita dRSTikoNa se vAda kA artha kathana karanA syAdAda kahalAtA hai| jaise paryAya kI apekSA vastu anitya hI hai, dravya sAmAnya kI apekSA nitya hI hai| isa taraha vastu ke svarUpa kA vicAra karane se zubhadhyAna hotA hai| jIvoM ke pAparupa Azaya ke kAraNa moha, mithyAtva, kaSAya aura tattvavikrama se aprazasta dhyAna hotA hai| kisI bhI anya vastu ko apanI samajhanA, kisI anya vastu rUpa apane ko mAnanA yaha moha hai| moha jIva ke samyaktva, sukha aura cAritraguNa kA ghAtaka hai| yaha ghAti karma hone se pApa rUpa hai| moha kI vajaha se hI yaha ajJAnI jIva apane svabhAva ko hI nahIM jaantaa| mithyAtva moha se alaga nahIM hai| mithyAtva ke do bheda ho jAte haiM, unameM agRhItamithyAtva ko moha aura gRhItamithyAtva ko mithyA mAna lene se donoM meM bheda spaSTa ho jAtA hai| kuguru, kudeva, kuzAstra Adi ke prati bhakti honA, unameM prIti honA yaha mithyAtva hai| jo AtmA ko kaSatI hai du:kha detI hai AtmA ke samyaktva aura cAritra guNa kA ghAta karatI hai vaha kaSAya hai usake krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ye cAra bheda haiN| krodha ke Aveza se vyakti ko svayaM apanI sudha nahIM rhtii| krodha meM yaha jIva apanA aura dUsaroM kA bigAr3a karatA hai| mAnI puruSa apane ApameM kucha se kucha kalpanAe~ karake apanA mahattva mAna letA hai| mAyAcAra ke pariNAma hone para apane ko kucha kA kucha dikhAne kI ceSTA hotI hai| lobha ke kAraNa anya padArthoM ko apanA banAnA cAhatA hai| ye saba kaSAya bhAva pApa ke Azaya hai| vastu ke sambandha meM viparIta jAnakArI banAe~ rakhanA vastu vibhrama hai| ina saba pApa rUpa abhiprAyoM se nirantara azubhadhyAna hotA rahatA hai| (Aarii)

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. rAgadveSAdi kI paramparA ke naSTa ho jAne se antarAtmA ke prasannatA ke sAtha svapara viveka ke pragaTa ho jAne para jo AtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi hotI hai vaha zuddhadhyAna hai| jaisA apanA sahaja arthAt nirapekSa svarUpa hai usakI prApti honA zuddha dhyAna hai| vaha zuddhadhyAna kaise pragaTa hotA hai usake upAya kA bhI isa lakSaNa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| rAgAdi ke saMskAra dUra ho usase antarAtmA nirmala, nirbhAra aura zuddha jJAtA-dRSTA hotA hai| Age ina tInoM dhyAnoM ke phala ko batalAyA ki zubhadhyAna se svargIya sukha kI prApti ke sAtha paramparA se mokSasukha kI prApti hotI hai| azubhadhyAna ke phalasvarUpa nArakI, tiryaMca aura kumAnasoM meM utpanna hokara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA huA aneka duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai aura zuddhadhyAna ke prabhAva se kevalajJAna ko utpanna sakala paramAtmA hokara mukti ko prApta karatA hai| ___ ina dhyAnoM ke vivecana se granthakAra kA yaha abhiprAya dhvanita hotA hai ki yaha jIva du:kha ke kAraNabhUta azubha dhyAna ko chor3akara zubhadhyAna ke abhyAsa pUrvaka zuddhadhyAna ko prApta karane kA prayAsa kre| mukhya rUpa se dhyeya ke rUpa meM arihaMta, siddha paramAtmA aura ratnatraya se saMyukta AtmA ko mAnA gayA hai| isake pazcAt dhyAna ke anya aneka bhedaprabhedoM kI carcA prastuta kI gaI hai| dhyAna kI sahAyaka sAmagrI ke rUpa meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUparatnatraya ke vivecana ke sAtha pAtaMjala aSTAMgayoga kA jJAnArNava grantha ke sAtha tulanA karate hue jaina darzana sammata aSTAMga yoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| vaise to jaina yoga meM ratnatraya meM hI yoga ke sabhI aMgoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai phira bhI AcArya zubhacandra ne kucha yogAMgoM kA pRthak nAmollekha ke sAtha aura kucha kA binA nAmollekha ke varNana kiyA hai| Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna ina pA~ca yogAMgoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| yama, niyama aura samAdhi ina tIna kA nAmolekha ke vinA vivecana kiyA hai| yama ke rUpa meM paMca mahAvratoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| niyamoM kA spaSTatayA kahIM ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| AcArya zubhacandra se pUrvavartI AcArya kunda deva ne niyama se karane yogya ratnatraya ko hI niyamasAra meM niyama kahA hai aura jJAnArNava meM bhI sarvaprathama ratnatraya kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| ata: niyama ke sambandha meM inakI mAnyatA bhI kundakunda ke samAna jAna par3atI hai| samAdhi kA zukladhyAna meM samAveza hone se usakA alaga se kathana nahIM kiyaa| .. AcArya zubhacandra ne dhyAnayogya Asana ke sAtha dhyAna yogya sthAna kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne vartamAna ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kAyotsarga aura paryaMkAsana ko hI dhyAna ke yogya mAnA hai| prANAyAma ke viSaya meM unakA mata hai ki dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie tathA anta:karaNa kI ekAgratA ke lie prANAyAma upayogI hai| unake anusAra vivekazIla (xiii)

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sAdhakoM ko prANAyAma kA pahale hI abhyAsa kara lenA caahie| usake binA manovijaya . kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| unhoMne prANAyAma ke pUraNa, kumbhaka aura recakaye tIna bheda kiyA haiN| AcArya zubhacandra ne pratyAhAra aura dhAraNA kA eka hI sAtha varNana kiyA hai| jo prazAntAtmA yogI indriyoM sahita apane mana ko unake viSayoM se khIMcakara jahA~ cAhe vahA~ lagA de use pratyAhAra kahA jAtA hai| donoM netra, donoM kAna, nAsikA kA agrabhAga, lalATa, mukha, nAbhi, mastaka, hRdaya, tAlu evaM donoM bhauheM ye dhyAna ke 10 sthAna haiN| citta ko viSayoM se parAGmukha kara inameM se kisI eka sthAna meM lagAnA dhAraNA kahalAtA hai| dhyAna ke vividha bheda nAmaka pA~cave adhyAya meM dhyAna ke prazasta aura aprazasta ye do bheda haiN| inameM bhI aprazasta ke Artta aura raudraye do bheda haiM aura prazasta ke dharmya aura zukla ye do bheda haiN| inameM bhI pratyeka ke cAra-cAra aura uttara bheda sahita haiN| inameM Adi ke do Arta aura raudra saMsAra ke kAraNa hone se tyAjya haiM aura anta ke do dharmya aura zukla dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hone se upAdeya haiN| isa adhyAya meM ina saba dhyAnoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA / vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka dhyAna kA svarUpa-antara bAhya lakSaNa, lezyA, svAmI, phala Adi kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna kI prakriyA nAmaka SaSTha/chaThaveM adhyAya meM dhyAna kI antaraMga prakriyA ke antargata bAraha bhAvanA, kaSAyanigraha, indriyavijaya, rAgadveSaniSedha, sAmyabhAva kI mahimA Adi viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AtmadhyAna kI vidhi batalAkara dhyAna kA Adhunika sandarbha meM manovaijJAnika vivecana huA hai| saptama adhyAya meM dhyAna kA mahattva aura usake phala kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / upasaMhAra nAmaka antima adhyAya meM AcArya zubhacandra kA bhAratIya yoga paramparA meM avaDhAna dhyAna kA panarAvalokana AcArya deva kA uttaravartI granthakAroM para prabhAva isa taraha sampUrNa zodha prabandha meM dhyAna, dhyAtA. dhyeya. dhyAna ke aMga aura usake phala ko darzAyA gayA hai, sAtha hI grantha aura granthakAra ke vaiziSTya ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| isa prayAsa meM mere jaise laghubuddhi se truTiyoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki zodha sarvAMgINa hai, apitu isa AkSepa se bhI zodha ko mukta rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki zodha anupayogI hai| (xxiv)

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prathama adhyAya bhAratIya yoga paramparA samaya ke cakra ke sAtha-sAtha saba kucha parivartanazIla hai| kucha parivartana aise hote haiM jo vartamAna astitva ko miTAkara usake sthAna para kisI dUsare tathya kI sthApanA karate haiM aura kahIM-kahIM una tathyoM kA itanA pariSkRta yA bigar3A rUpa milatA hai ki vaha tathya parivartanazIla rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI avicchinna dhArA aisI hI nirmala dhArA kA pravAha hai jisakA rUpa parivartita va pariSkRta to huA hai kintu kahIM bhI kisI bhI avarodha ke Ane para rukA nahIM hai| isalie bhAratIya saMskRti kI zAzvatatA usakI gatizIlatA ke kAraNa Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| 'yoga' zabda bhAratIya saMskRti tathA darzana kI bahumUlya sampatti hai| yoga vidyA hI eka aisI vidyA hai jo prAya: sabhI dharmoM tathA darzanoM meM svIkRta hai| yaha aisI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hai jise koI bhI binA varNa, jAti, varga yA dharma-vizeSa kI apekSA ke apanA sakatA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya dharma, purANa, itihAsa Adi ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki yogapraNAlI kI paramparA avicchinna rUpa meM calatI AI hai| vaidika tathA avaidika vAGmaya meM AdhyAtmika varNana bahulatA se pAyA jAtA hai| inakA antima sAdhya ucca avasthA kI prApti hai aura yoga usakA eka mAtra saadhn| kisI bhI vyakti ke vyaktitva nirmANa meM do bAteM kAryakArI hotI haiM, eka to bAhya prabhAvoM kA anveSaNa aura dasarA Antarika kAraNoM kA vishlessnn| ina donoM meM se prathama kI apekSA dUsare kA mahattva spaSTata: kahIM adhika hotA hai / unnati yA avanati meM bAhya kAraNoM kI apekSA hI mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| vicArazIla manuSya ke lie antarvIkSaNa yA AtmaparIkSaNa kA mahattva isIlie atyadhika mAnA jAtA hai| isa antarvI kSaNa aura AtmaparIkSaNa ke lie yoga hI pramukhata: sahI sAdhana hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki cAhe vyakti ke vyaktitva ke nirmANa kI bAta ho yA AtmaparIkSaNa kI yA cAra puruSArtha rUpa usake antima lakSya yA sAdhya mokSa kI 'yoga' ina sabhI kA AdhAra hai| isIlie bhAratIya saMskRti meM yoga paramparA kI gaMgA avirala pravahamAna hai| dharma cAhe svArthavaza kitane hI sampradAyoM meM vibhakta huA ho kintu una sabhI vaidika,

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bauddha, jaina aura unakI vibhinna zAkhAoM meM yoga kI vyAkhyA yatkiMcit parivartana ke sAtha dikhAI par3atI hai| yoga kA zAbdika artha - yoga zabda 'yuj' dhAtu se banA hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM do yuj dhAtuoM kA ullekha hai, jinameM eka kA artha hai jor3anA yA saMyojita karanA' aura dUsarI kA samAdhi yA mana:sthiratA / arthAt sAmAnya rUpa se yoga kA artha hai saMbandha karanA tathA mAnasika sthiratA krnaa| isa prakAra lakSya tathA sAdhana ke rUpa meM donoM hI yoga haiN| bhAratIya yoga darzana meM isa zabda kA upayoga donoM hI arthoM meM huA hai| yoga ke vibhinna artha - koza granthoM meM isa zabda ke aneka artha diye gae haiN| amarakoza ke anusAra 'upAya, dhyAna, aura yukti ko yoga kahate haiN| pataMjali ne 'cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ko hI yoga kahA hai| yahA~ nirodha kA artha cittavRttiyoM ko naSTa karanA hai| yoga zabda kA artha vibhinna matoM meM bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki "hamAre dehayukta jIvana meM duHkha kA saMyoga hotA hai usakA jo viyoga hai vahI yoga hai|'' arthAt duHkha ke viyoga kA nAma hI yoga hai| isI yoga meM AtmA apanI divya sthiti prApta karatI hai| yogadarzana ke bhASyakAra maharSi vyAsa ne 'yoga: samAdhi:' kahakarayoga ko samAdhi ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai jisakA artha hai samAdhi dArA saccidAnanda kA saakssaatkaar| isa prakAra yoga darzana ke anusAra pratyakSa yA prakArAntara se yoga ke lie do upAdAnoM kI apekSA batAI gaI hai - caMcala vRttiyoM kA niyaMtraNa tathA ekaagrtaa| vaidyaka ke anusAra "roga dUra karane ke upAya ko bhI yoga kahate haiN| premacanda ne yoga kA artha nyAyika aura dhana batAyA hai| devI bhAgavata meM yoga zabda prema artha kA vAcaka hai| Rgveda meM yoga zabda aprApta kI prApti, saMbaMdha, juA yA jItane Adi ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| 1. yupI yoge - hemacandra dhAtumAlA 7.; 2. yujic samAdhau - vahI 4. 3. yujira yoge yujita samAdhau - vahI 4. 4. yogazcittavRtti: nirodhH|-yogdrshn 1/2. 5. gItA 3/23 6. yogadarzana, vyAsa bhASya, pR. 2. 7. kalyANa, yogAMka, pR. 68. 8. devI bhAgavata, 3.15.13. 9. e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana philAsaphI, bhAga 1, pR. 226.

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isase spaSTa hai ki yoga samAdhi kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| isa dhAtukI akarmakatA bhI cittavRtti nirodha jaisI antastha vRtti yA kriyA kI ora hI saMketa karatI hai| yoga se jisa ekAgratA tathA viratavyApArAntaratA kA bodha hotA hai usakA poSaNa isI artha se saMbhava hai| kyoMki samAdhi meM manuSya bilkula vigalita-vedyAntara rahatA hai| ata: yoga zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai| 'yujyate samAdhau vidhIyate mana: anena iti yogH| __ jainoM ke anusAra "zarIra, vANI aura mana ke karma kA nirodha saMvara hai aura yahI yoga hai|''2 AcArya haribhadra ke matAnusAra 'yoga mokSa prApta karane vAlA arthAt mokSa ke sAtha jor3ane vAlA hai|'3 hemacandra ne 'mokSa ke upAya rUpa yoga ko jJAna, zraddhAna aura caritrAtmaka kahA hai| bauddha vicArakoM ne 'yoga kA artha samAdhi kiyA hai tathA tattvajJAna ko yoga kA prayojana batAyA hai| yoga samasta svAbhAvika AtmazaktiyoM kI pUrva vikAsa kriyA arthAt AtmonmukhI ceSTA hai| isake dvArA bhAvanA, dhyAna aura samatA kA vikAsa hokara karma granthiyoM kA nAza hotA hai| vaidika, bauddha evaM jaina granthoM meM yoga, samAdhi aura dhyAna ye samAnArthaka bhI haiN| ... zAktamata ke anusAra yoga vaha kriyA hai, jisake dvArA manuSya kI cetanA paramAtmA ke sAtha ekAkAra ho jAtI hai athavA usake atyanta nikaTa samparka meM pahu~ca jAtI hai arthAt zAkta siddhAntoM ke anusAra yoga kI prakriyA dvArA AtmA aura paramAtmA kA aikya sampanna * hotA hai| Adhunika vicArakoM ne bhI prAya: yoga ke inhIM donoM arthoM arthAt cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha aura AtmA kA paramAtmA kI ekatA meM samarthana kiyA hai / bhinna-bhinna matAvalambiliyoM meM yoga kA artha cAhe kucha bhI ho kintu saMkSepa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mana aura tana ke vikAroM ko nikAla kara svaccha banAnA yoga kriyA kA pratiphala hai| sampUrNa sampradAyoM se vilaga yoga kI kriyA sabhI sampradAyoM meM isI rUpa meM mAnya hai| 1. siddhAntakaumudI, pR. 338. 3. yogaviMzikA, 1. 5.bauddhadarzana, pR. 222. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9/1. 4. abhidhAnacintAmaNi, 1/77. 6. saMta kAvya meM yoga kA svarUpa, pR. 155.

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kyoMki sabhI sampradAyoM kA dharma rUpa lakSya citta ko nirmala kara AtmA kA darzana karanA hai| yoga sAdhanA ke mArga ananta haiN| bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga, karmayoga, rAjayoga, haThayoga, dhyAnayoga, japayoga, mantrayoga, tapayoga, layayoga Adi yoga kI aneka zAkhAeM haiN| mukhya rUpa se bhAratIya saMskRti kI tIna pramukha dhArAoM meM maulika bhinnatA hone se isakI mokSa prApaka sAdhanA paddhatiyoM meM jo pArthakya dikhAI detA hai unakI ora dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie yoga ke sAtha vaidika, bauddha, jaina tathA anya sAmpradAyoM kA nAma jor3A gayA hai| yathArtha meM yoga kA kisI dharma sampradAya athavA jAti vizeSa se koI sambandha nahIM hai| 'yoga' eka vyApaka zabda hai| jisameM sabhI sAdhanA paddhatiyA~ samAhita haiN| aitihAsika pariprekSya meM yogakartA viSayaka vizleSaNa - ___ yoga paramparA kA prArambha kahA~ aura kisake dvArA huA ? isake sambandha meM prAmANika rUpa se kucha kahanA kaThina hai| yoga ke aitihAsika pariprekSya para vicAra karane' para itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmavikAsa hetu AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke rUpa meM yoga kA pracalana prAgaitihAsika kAla se calA A rahA hai| sindhu ghATI kI sabhyatA ke avazeSoM se prApta dhyAnastha yogiyoM ke citra ukta tathya ke poSaka pramANa haiN| yoga ke Adya pravartaka kauna the isa sambandha meM vaidika paramparA 'hiraNyagarbha' ko yoga kA Adya vaktA mAnatI hai| aura yogI loga isakI nitya pUjA karate haiN| jaina paramparAnusAra yoga ke Adya : pravartaka prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva the / mahApurANa meM RSabhadeva kA eka nAma hiraNyagarbha bhI hai| zrImadabhAgavata ke anusAra RSabhadeva siddhayogI the| vaidika purANoM ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva bhagavAn viSNu ke pA~caveM avatAra the| jaina vAGmaya meM bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI hiraNyagarbha ke rUpa meM stuti kI gaI hai| ukta vicAroM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hiraNyagarbha aura RSabhadeva donoM eka hI vyakti ke do nAma haiM jo yoga ke Adya pravartaka the| isa taraha bhAgavatakAra ne bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko zreSTha yogI batalAyA hai| yoM to kRSNa ko bhI yogI mAnA jAtA hai, kintu kRSNa kA yoga 'yogaH karmasu kauzalam ke anusAra karmayoga thA aura bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA yoga karmasaMnyAsa / jainadharma meM karma saMnyAsa 1. hiraNyagarbha: yogasya vaktA nAnya: puraatnH| - mahAbhArata, 2/349/65. 2. mahApurANa, 12/95. 3. zrImadbhAgavatapurANa, 3/20. 4. AdipurANa, 24/33.

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rUpa yoga kI hI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai / RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra paryanta sabhI tIrthakara yogI the| mauryakAla se lekara Aja taka kI sabhI jaina mUrtiyA~ yogI ke rUpa meM hI prApta huI haiN| sindhughATI kI sabhyatA se prApta dhyAnastha yogI kI nagnAvasthA aura kAyotsarga mudrA (padmAsana) meM prApta mUrti ko dekhakara purAtattvavettA anumAna lagAte haiM ki ukta mUrti prathama jaina tIrthakara RSabhadeva kI hai| cUMki bhagavAn ziva kA svarUpa bhI digambara (nagna) thA isalie kucha vidvAn ukta mUrti ko bhagavAn ziva kI mUrti batAte haiN| unake tathya se RSabhadeva aura ziva kI ekAkAratA kI ora bhI vidAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa huaa| isI AdhAra para zrI rAmacandra dIkSita ne IsvI san 3000 varSa pUrva tathA usase bhI prAcIna bhAratavarSa meM pracalita yoga sAdhanA ko pAzupata yoga sAdhanA kA prArambhika rUpa mAnA hai| haThayoga meM AdinAtha ko haThayoga kA Adyapravartaka mAnate hue unakI stuti kI gaI hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla meM yoga kI vibhinna paddhatiyA~ sAdhanA ke rUpa meM pracalita thii| ata: bhinna-bhinna sAmpradAyoM ne apane-apane matAnusAra apane iSTadeva ko yoga kA Adya pravartaka mAna liyA hai| Arya sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko mukhya rUpa se tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai - vaidika, jaina aura bauddha / Rgveda vaidika sAhitya kA sabase prAcIna grantha hai| prAcIna upaniSadoM ko chor3akara bAda ke upaniSadoM meM 'yoga' zabda AdhyAtmika artha meM hI prayukta huA hai|' sAmAnyata: Rgveda se upaniSada taka ke sAhitya meM tapasa' zabda kA AdhyAtmika artha meM jitanI chUTa ke sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai utanA 'yoga' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| 'tapa' zabda kA prayoga 'dhyAna' tathA 'samAdhi' ke artha meM bhI huA hai| . vaidika paramparA meM dhyAna kA astitva cAhe tapa ke rUpa meM ho yA yoga ke rUpa meM, kintuM rahA avazya hI hai| kyoMki koI bhI yajJakarma binA dhyAnayoga ke sampanna nahIM hotA thaa| vaidika vicAradhArA ke anusAra jIvana kA carama lakSya duHkha kA abhAva rupa mukti yA mokSa jaisA na hokara, nizcita rUpa se bhAvAtmaka hI rahA hai| vaha carama lakSya kevala amRtatva yA niHzreyasa hI kahA jA sakatA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM prAya: inhIM zabdoM dvArA usa lakSya kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 1. Jainism the oldest living Religion. P. 49-50. 2. pAzupata yoga kA prArambhika itihAsa, kalyANa (yogAMga) pR. 237 3. zrIAdinAthAya namo'stu tasmai yenopadiSTA htthyogvidyaa| - haThayogapradIpikA 1/1. 4. taittirIyopaniSad 2/4.

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vedakAlIna yoga paramparA - bhAratIya saMskRti meM sabase prAcIna grantha veda kahe jAte haiM aura vedoM meM Rgveda sabase prAcIna mAnA gayA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki ina veda mantroM ko kisI bhI RSi yA muni ne svayaM nahIM racA apitu RSi mantrakartA nahIM mantradRSTA the| ina mantroM kA bhagavAn hiraNyagarbha ne RSiyoM ko sAkSAtkAra karavAyA thaa| vedamantra rahasyoM se bhare hue haiM, unake eka-eka pada aneka bhAvoM ko pragaTa karate haiN| una mantroM ko agara gaharAI se dekhA jAe to patA .. calatA hai ki vahA~ dhyAna, tapa, yoga evaM samAdhi se sambandhita bahuta mAtrA meM sAmagrI hai| indra, agni, varuNa evaM soma Adi devatAoM ke varNana ke pIche AdhyAtmikatA kA sAra pAyA jAtA hai| jo gaharAI se socane para dhyAna yoga ke artha meM nikalatA hai| mohanajodar3oM kI khudAI se prApta eka mudrA para aMkita citra meM trizUla, mukuTavinyAsa nagnatA, kAyotsargamudrA, nAsAgradRSTi evaM dhyAnAvasthA meM lIna mUrtiyoM se aisA siddha hotA hai ki ye / ' mUrtiyA~ kisI muni yA yogI kI haiM jo ki dhyAna meM lIna hai|' mohanajodar3oM kA kAla prAgvaidika hai| vaidika paramparA meM dhyAna kA astitva cAhe tapa ke rUpa meM ho yA yoga ke rUpa meM kisI-na-kisI prakAra se avazya rahA hai| usa kAla meM vidvAnoM kA koI bhI yajJa-karma binA dhyAna-yoga ke siddha nahIM hotA thaa| atharvaveda meM kaI prakAra se yoga zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| spaSTata: navadAra evaM aSTacakrAdi kA vivaraNa bhI pratIkAtmaka zailI meM sulabha hai atharvaveda kA RSi kahatA hai ki aSTacakra evaM navadAroM se yaha devapurI ajeya hai| yahIM para jo hiraNyamaya koza AvRta hai, vahI svarga hai| tri-arayukta, tripratiSThita usa hiraNyamaya koza meM jo Atmayukta yakSa (pUjya apUrva puruSa) virAjamAna hai, use brahmavid loga hI jAnate haiN| yoga kI dRSTi se prANopAsanA kI mahattA sarvamAnya hai| yaha prANopAsanA vaidika saMhitAoM, vizeSakara Rk evaM atharvasaMhitAoM meM prApta hotA hai / isake atirikta, AraNyaka evaM upaniSadoM meM bhI isakA prabhUta ullekha milatA hai| Rgveda ke aitareya AraNyaka ke Adi ke tIna adhyAyoM meM prANavidyA kA vivecana milatA hai| isake prANavidyA viSayaka 1. mohanajodar3o eNDa iNDasa sivilAijezana, pArTa 1, pR. 53. 2. hisTrI oNpha enzieNTa iNDiyA, pR. 25. 3. Rgveda, 1/18/7. 4. atharvaveda, kAM. 19, anu. 1, va. 8 maM. 2. 5. vahI, 8/2/31,8/2/32.

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adhyAyoM meM Rgveda ke ATha-daza mantra uddhRta kiye gae haiN| Rgveda ke eka mantra ke dRSTA dIrghatamA RSi kahate haiM ki unhoMne prANa ko dekhA hai| vaha sabhI indriyoM kA rakSaka hai aura kabhI naSTa nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra, eka dUsare mantra meM prANa ko amRta rUpa batAyA gayA hai| jaba taka usakA isa zarIra meM nivAsa rahatA hai, taba taka mRtyu nahIM hotii| upaniSada aura yoga -- upaniSad ke kAla meM dhyAna kI sAdhanA vedoM se bIja rUpa meM aMkurita hokara vikasita avasthA ko prApta ho gaI thii| zvetAzvaropaniSada meM dhyAna kA pracura mAtrA meM spaSTa varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM sAdhanA karane ke bAda hI dhyAna rUpa manthana se agni kI bhAMti apane hRdaya meM chipe hue parama deva paramezvara ke darzana kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra se tiloM meM tela, dahI meM ghI aura araNiyoM meM agni chipI rahatI hai, usI prakAra se paramAtmA hamAre hRdaya meM chipe rahate haiN| ve paramAtmA taba hI prApta hote haiM jaba sAdhaka viSayoM se virakta hokara sadAcArI banakara saMyamarUpI tapasyA ke dvArA unakA nirantara dhyAna karatA hai| yahA~ pA~ca mantroM meM dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie paramezvara se prArthanA kI gaI hai ki hamAre mana, buddhi aura indriyoM meM prakAza phailA rahe / nidrA, Alasya aura akarmaNyatA Adi doSa hamAre dhyAna meM vighna na kara skeN| varuNa aura apane putra bhRgu ko tapa kA mahattva samajhAte hue kahA hai ki - tU tapa ke bdArA brahma ke tattva ko samajhAne kI koziza kara / yaha tapa brahma kA hI svarUpa hai| upaniSadoM meM dhyAna, yoga evaM tapa Adi zabda samAdhi ke artha meM hI prayukta hue haiN| upaniSadoM meM dhyAna karane kI vidhi batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna yoga kA sAdhaka sira, gale evaM chAtI ko U~cA uThAye rakhe evaM samasta indriyoM ko bAhya viSayoM se haTAkara unakA mana ke vdArA hRdaya meM nirodha kara lenA cAhie aura phira OMkAra rUpI naukA kA sahArA lekara paramAtmA kA dhyAna karake samasta bhayAnaka pravAhoM ko pAra kara lenA caahie| vahA~ dhyAna karane ke lie svaccha evaM samatala bhUmi para Asana lagAne ke lie kahA gayA hai| dhyAna ko AdhyAtmika artha meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| isI kAraNa dhyAna ko mokSa prApti kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| manuSya dhyAna 1. Rgveda, 1/164/31, 10/177/3. 2. aitareya brAhmaNa, 2/2/10. 3. zvetAzvarataropaniSad, 1/14. 4. zvetAzvataropaniSada, 2/3. 5. taittirIyopaniSad, 3/2. 6.chAndogyopaniSada, 7/6/1. taittirIyopaniSada, 2/4.. 7. zvetAzvataropaniSada, 2/8/9. 8. vahI, 2/10. 9. kaThopaniSad, 1/2/12. 7 .

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yoga ke sAdhana ke dvArA samasta maloM ko dhokara AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko bhalI prakAra . se pratyakSa rUpa meM dekha letA hai, jisase vaha asaMga ho jAtA hai aura kaivalya avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| tapa ke dvArA brahmajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| aura vaha brahmajJAnI paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko jAna letA hai, jo paramAtmasvarUpa ko jAna letA hai vaha saMsAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| SaDaMgayoga ke pratyAhAra. dhyAna. prANAyAma, dhAraNA, tarka aura samAdhi ke varNana meM kahA gayA hai ki viSayoM meM lIna mana jIva ko bandhana meM phaMsAtA hai jabaki nirviSaya mana mukti dilAtA hai| isalie viSayAsakti se mukta aura hRdaya meM niruda mana jaba apane hI abhAva ko prApta hotA hai taba vaha paramapada pAtA hai| isIlie kalyANakArI sAdhaka sAMsArika bhogoM kI anityatA aura duHkharUpatA ko samajhakara inase hamezA virakta ho jAte haiM evaM paramagati ko prApta karake phira kabhI lauTakara nahIM Ate haiN| isa paramagati kI prApti ke lie AcAra-vicAra jarUrI hai| jaise zraddhA, tapa, brahmacarya, satya, dAna Adi aura inakI mahatI AvazyakatA kA ullekha vibhinna upaniSadoM meM haA hai| mokSa prApti ke lie tapa evaM samAdhi kI anivAryatA batalAI gaI haiN| yoga evaM samAdhi kI avasthA meM vANI evaM mana nivRtta ho jAte haiM, sAdhaka nirbhIka banatA hai aura brahmAnanda kA AsvAdana karatA hai|' jaba sAdhaka ko brahmAnanda kI prApti ho jAtI hai taba vaha janma-maraNa ke bandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM dhyAna kA vibhinna rUpoM meM ullekha kiyA gayA mahAbhArata evaM yoga - bhAratIya vAGmaya meM mahAbhArata kA bahuta U~cA sthAna hai| mahAbhArata ko to vidvAn paMcama veda ke nAma se jAnate aura mAnate haiN| ise vedoM jaisA Adara aura prAmANikatA bhI prApta hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI yoga athavA dhyAna kA ullekha milatA hai| zrImad bhAgavata gItA ke aTThAraha adhyAyoM meM aTThAraha prakAra ke yogoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usameM dhyAna yoga kA chaThe adhyAya meM vistRta rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| purANoM meM bhI kaI jagaha isakI carcA milatI hai| 1. zvetAzvataropaniSada, 2/14. 2. kaThopaniSad, 2/6. 3. zvetAzvataropaniSada, 3/8. 4. brahmabindUpaniSada, 4. 5. praznopaniSad, 1/10. 6. vRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 5/2/3. muNDakopaniSada, 3/1/6. 7. taittirIyopaniSada, 3/9. 8. vRhadAraNDakopaniSada, 6/2/15. 9. mahAbhArata, zAMti tathA anuzAsana parva.

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__. mahAbhArata meM yoga kI carcA karate hue mana ko sudRDha banAne, apanI indriyoM kI ora se use sameTane aura mana:pUrvaka yogAbhyAsa karane kA Adeza diyA gayA hai| rAgAdi viSayoM ko chor3akara dhyAna-yogAbhyAsa meM sahAyaka deza, karma, artha, upAya, apAya, AhAra, saMhAra, mana, darzana, anurAga, nizcaya aura cakSuSa ina bAraha yogoM kA Azraya lekara mokSa prApti ke lie karmayoga, bhaktiyoga tathA jJAnayoga tInoM kI upayuktatA siddha kI gayI hai| brahmasUtra meM maharSi bAdarAyaNa ne to tIsare adhyAya kA nAma hI sAdhanA adhyAya rakhA hai aura usameM Asana, dhyAna Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| purANa evaM yoga - bhAratIya saMskRti ke svarUpa kI jAnakArI ke lie purANoM ke adhyayana kI bahuta AvazyakatA hai| purANa bhAratIya saMskRti ke merudaNDa haiN| prAya: pratyeka purANa meM yoga kA kucha ullekha avazya mila jAtA hai| isase patA calatA hai ki purANoM ke racanAkAla meM yoga sAdhanA jana jIvana meM vyApta ho gaI thii| purANoM ne yogasAdhanA ke mArga ko paramparA se jIvita rakhane kI dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| mAnyatAnusAra brahmapurANa ko sarvAdhika prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / isameM yogAbhyAsa kA phala sAMkhya evaM yoga kI vyAkhyA tathA yoga kI sAdhanA vidhi kA vivaraNa milatA hai| .. isI prakAra mArkaNDeyapurANa meM mahAyoga sAdhaka dattAtreya se yoga saMbaMdhI prazna pUchatA hai| usa prasaMga meM yogAbhyAsa, yogasiddhi, yogacaryA evaM oMkAra svarUpa kA kathana bhI kiyA gayA hai| liGgapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki yoga zabda se hI nirvANa kA bodha hotA hai| isa purANa meM aSTAMgayoga ke vivecana ke uparAMta yogamArga ke vighnoM yA antarAyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isake pacahattarakheM adhyAya meM vibhinna yogoM kA vivecana hai kiMtu una bhedoM meM se mukhyata: yoga ke pA~ca prakAra mAne haiM, maMtra yoga, sparzayoga, bhAvayoga, abhAvayoga evaM mahAyoga / garuDapurANa meM bhI dhyAna yoga evaM aSTAMgayoga kA vivecana milatA hai| ____ agnipurANa meM brahmaprakAzaka jJAna kI ekacittatA ko yoga kahA gayA hai| kUrmapurANa meM yoga ke do prakAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai - abhAva yoga aura mahAyoga / abhAvayoga meM zUnya, sarvanirAbhAsa svarUpa kA ciMtana kiyA jAtA hai| jahA~ apane se abhinna nityAnanda niraMjana AtmA ko dekhA jAtA hai vaha mahAyoga hai| 1. bhAgavatapurANa, 3/18, 11/15, 19/20. 2. mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva, 116/23. 3. brahmapurANa, 234-8. __4. mArkaNDeyapurANa,

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___ uparyukta vivecana se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki yadyapi purANoM meM yoga kA vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai tathApi unameM maulikatA kA prAya: abhAva hai| pracalita yogapaddhatiyoM kA vivecana mAtra unakA uddezya hai| adhikAMza purANoM ne pAtajaMli ke aSTAMga yoga kA hI AdhAra grahaNa kiyA hai| . smRti grantha evaM yoga - sampUrNa smRti granthoM ko AcAra-vicAra kI nItiyoM kI amUlya dharohara kahA jA sakatA hai| ina granthoM meM mAnava jIvana meM upayogI niyamoM kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| yAjJavalkyasmRti, manusmRti, pArAzara-smRti Adi smRtiyoM meM sAdhakoM ke aneka kartavyoM tathA gRhasthoM ke satkarmoM kI carcA kI gaI hai|' yAjJavalkyasmRti meM yoga se sambandhita viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - mana aura buddhi ko viSayoM se haTAkara dhyeya ko AtmA meM sthita karake yoga karanA caahie| isa prakAra smRtiyoM meM mokSa ko prApta karane ke lie japa, tapa evaM yogAbhyAsa kA varNana milatA hai| yogavAziSTha evaM yoga - yogavAziSTa vaidika paramparA kA hI eka aMga hai| isa ati prAcIna grantha meM yoga kA vistRta rUpa se vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| isake chaha prakaraNoM meM yoga ke saba aGgoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakI kathAoM, upadezoM, prasaMgoM Adi meM saMsAra-sAgara se nivRtta hone kI yukti batalAI gaI hai| vastuta: yoga dvArA mAnava apane vAstavika svarUpa kI anubhUti ko prApta karatA hai evaM anta meM saMsAra ke AvAgamana se mukta ho jAtA hai| yogavAziSTa ke upazama prakaraNa ke chattIsaveM sarga meM dhyAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura usameM buddhi, ahaMkAra, citta, karma, kalpanA, smRti, vAsanA, indriyA~, deha, padArtha Adi ko mana ke rUpa meM hI mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi mana atyanta zaktizAlI hotA hai, yahI puruSArtha meM sahAyaka hotA hai| jaba yogI apane mana ko pUrI taraha se zAnta kara letA hai tabhI usako brahmatva kI prApti hotI hai| yahA~ samAdhi evaM samAdhistha kA nirUpaNa atyanta hRdayagrAhyatA se kiyA hai - 'jo guNoM kA samUha, guNAtmaka tattva hai vaha samAdhi hai evaM jo inako anAtmarUpa dekhate hue apane Apako kevala inakA sAkSIbhUta cetana jAnatA hai aura jisakA citta svabhAvasattA meM lagakara zItala ho gayA hai vaha samAdhistha kahalAtA hai|' yogavAziSTa- meM yoga kI tIna rItiyoM kA prarUpaNa huA hai jo kramaza: isa prakAra 1. agnipurANa, 372. 2. vaziSTha smRti, 206. 3. yAjJavAklya smRti, 4/111. 4. yogavAziSTa, 6/114/17, 6/7/11,6/139/ ___ 1,3/110/46. 10

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haiM - 1. ekatattvaghanAbhyAsa, 2. prANoM kA nirodha evaM 3. manonirodha / ekatattvaghanAbhyAsa ke antargata brahmAbhyAsa dvArA apane ko usI meM lIna kara denA hotA hai| prANoM ke nirodha meM prANAyAma Adi kI apekSA kI jAtI hai evaM kuNDalinI zakti ko jAgrata karake brahmatva prApta kiyA jAtA hai| manonirodha meM samasta icchAoM kA pUrNa parizamana kiyA jAtA hai| isa grantha meM bhI sadAcAra evaM sadavicAra ke samyak paripAlana para jora diyA gayA hai aura vicAra ko paramajJAna kahA gayA hai| sadAcAra evaM jJAna kI upamA kramaza: dIpaka evaM sUrya se dI gaI hai aura kahA hai ki "jaba taka jJAna kA sUraja prakaTa nahIM hotA taba taka ajJAna ke gahana andhakAra meM sadAcAra kA hI dIpaka mArgadarzaka hotA hai|''2 avidyA ko duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai tathA isakA vinAza samyagdarzana kI prApti se hotA hai| isake anusAra citta kI ekadama kSINa avasthA ho jAne para mokSa hotA hai| jabaki vaha samasta kriyAoM evaM vAsanAoM se rahita ho jAtA hai| saMkalpa-vikalpa rahita Atmasthiti meM mithyAjJAna se utpanna ahaMbhAva rUpI ajJAnagranthi kA sarvathA samApta ho jAnA hI mokSa hai| yogavAziSTa ke chaha prakaraNoM meM yoga va dhyAna kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| yogavAziSTha ko to yoga kA grantharAja kahA jAtA hai| haThayoga evaM yoga - haThayogadIpikA ke anusAra ziva haThayoga vidyA ke prathama upadeSTA haiN| gorakSazataka, gorakSasiddhAntasaMgraha, amanaskayogabIja, haThayoga-pradIpikA, gheraMDasaMhitA, haThatattvakaumudI, siddhasiddhAntasaMgraha, siddhasiddhAnta-paddhati, zivasaMhitA Adi granthoM meM isa haThayoga kA vistRta vivecana sulabha hotA hai| inake atirikta vibhinna yogopaniSadoM meM haThayoga evaM usake aMgoM kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| . .. yogazAstra meM haThayoga kA bahuta mahattva mAnA gayA hai| sAmAnya dRSTi meM yoga kA artha haThayoga hI hotA hai| aura prAya: hara prakAra kI yogasAdhanA haThayoga kA sahArA lie binA pUrI bhI nahIM hotii| isakA uddezya sAdhaka meM rAjayoga kI yogyatA utpanna kara denA hI hai| arthAt rAjayoga kI prApti ke lie hI isakI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| isakA apanA koI svatantra phala nahIM hotaa| 1. vahI, 36/10. 3. vahI, 2/16/9. 5. vahI, 3/100/37-42. 2. vicAra: paramaM jJAnaM / yogavAziSTa, 2/16/19. 4. vahI, 2/11/41. 6. haThayogapradIpikA, 1/1.

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arnesTa buDa kI dRSTi meM layayoga, bhaktiyoga aura maMtrayoga haThayoga ke bhItara Ate haiM tathA karmayoga evaM jJAnayoga rAjayoga ke bhItara / layayogAdi ko haThayoga ke bhItara rakhane kA kAraNa yahI hai ki ve zArIrika sAdhanoM para vizvAsa karate haiM aura usI ke dvArA mana para niyantraNa kI prakriyA svIkAra karate haiN|' isalie binA haThayoga ke rAjayoga durlabha hai tathA binA rAjayoga ke haThayoga naTavyApAra mAtra hai| isI bAta kA samarthana karate hue mahAmahopAdhyAya paM. kavirAja gopInAtha batAte haiM haThayoga se svabhAvata: rAjayoga kA vikAsa hotA hai|' haThayoga kA artha hai - candra aura sUrya yA iDA-piMgalA yA prANa-apAna kA milana arthAt ha-sUrya, Tha-candra yAni sUrya aura candra kA sNyog| haThayoga kA uddezya zArIrika tathA mAnasika unnati hai| yaha yoga sarvaprathama zArIrika vikAsa yA unnati kI ora.vizeSa dhyAna detA hai, kyoMki zarIra kI sudRDhatA aura svasthatA se hI icchAoM para niyantraNa hotA hai aura isase mana zAnta avasthA ko prApta hotA hai, jo yoga dhAraNa ke lie parama Avazyaka hai| __ haThayoga meM pramukha sAta aMga mAne gae haiM - 1. SaTkarma, 2. prANAyAma, 3. Asana, 4. mudrA, 5. pratyAhAra, 6. dhyAna aura 7. smaadhi| inameM Asana, mudrA evaM prANAyAma kA vizeSa mahattva dRSTigocara hotA hai| ina prANAyAma Adi yaugika kriyAoM ke dvArA zarIra halakA karane evaM bhArI banAne kI labdhi prApta hotI hai, lekina ina labdhiyoM kI prApti hI antima lakSya nahIM hotaa| usakA uddezya Antarika deha kI zuddhi karake rAjayoga kI ora jAnA hotA hai| ata: haThayoga ke binA rAjayoga aura rAjayoga ke binA haThayoga asambhava hai| abhihita mudrAoM tathA prANAyAmoM dvArA nAr3iyoM ko zuddha kiyA jAtA hai, jina para haThayoga AdhRta hai| haThayoga kA sambandha zarIra se adhika hai aura mana tathA AtmA se km|' aisI sthiti meM mana nirodhAvasthA meM pahu~catA hai, jahA~ se rAjayoga kA prArambha hotA hai| nAr3iyoM ke zuddha hone para kuNDalinI zakti jAgrata hotI hai tathA yaha SaTcakroM kA bhedana karatI huI sahasrAdhAra meM pahu~catI hai| aisI sthiti meM sAdhaka kA citta nirAlamba evaM mRtyubhaya rahita hotA hai jo yogAbhyAsa kI jar3a hai| 1. haThayogapradIpikA, 1/1-2, 69. 2. greTa sisTamsa oNpha yogA arnesTa, pR. 8-9. 3. bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA, prathama khaMDa, pR. 395. 4. vahI, 1/1, 3/15. 5. gheraNDasaMhitA, 1/10-11. 6. nAthayoga, pR. 19. 7. haThayogapradIpikA, 2/75. 8. santa mata kA sarabhaMga sampradAya, pra.66-68. 12

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- pAtaMjala yoga -pAtaMjala yoga sAdhanA sAMkhyasiddhAnta kI nIMva para AdhArita hai| isakA pramukha grantha yogasUtra cAra pAdoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama pAda kA nAma samAdhi pAda hai jisameM yoga ke lakSaNa, svarUpa aura usakI prApti ke upAyoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya pAda kA nAma sAdhanApAda hai, isameM duHkhoM ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tRtIya pAda vibhUtipAda hai, jisameM dhAraNA, dhyAna evaM samAdhi kA varNana huA hai| __pAtaMjala yogadarzana ke anusAra 'eka dhyeya meM ekatAnatA, cittavRtti kA ekarupa tathA ekarasa bane rahanA dhyAna hai|'' ata: citta kI ekAgratA ke lie samasta vRttiyoM kA nirodha jarUrI mAnA jAtA hai / ye vRttiyA~ saMsAra meM pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa utpanna hotI haiN| jinase dharmAdharma tathA vAsanAoM Adi ko janma milatA hai| ina vRttiyoM ko pA~ca prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai - 1. pramANa, 2. viparyaya, 3. vikalpa, 4. nidrA aura 5. smRti| sAmAnyata: yogadarzana meM yoga ke do bheda hote haiM - samprajJAta aura asmprjnyaat| citta meM aneka vRttiyA~ rahatI haiN| kisI eka vastu meM dhyAna sthira hone para, unameM se eka hI vRtti kAryazIla hotI hai aura anya vRttiyA~ kSINa hotI hai / usako prajJA kahate haiN| ata: ekAgra bhUmi meM eka vastu ke satat bhAva meM lage rahanA samprajJAta samAdhi hai tathA asamprajJAta samAdhi athavA yoga ke antargata sabhI vRttiyoM kA pUrNata: nirodha anivArya hotA hai| samprajJAta samAdhi ke cAra bheda nirdiSTa kiye gae haiM - 1. vitarkAnugata, 2. vicArAnugata, 3. AnandAnugata aura 4. asmitAnugata / asamprajJAta samAdhi kaivalya kI sthiti hai, kyoMki isa samAdhi meM citta kI avasthA bilakula zAnta evaM saMskAra rahita hotI hai, lekina aisI avasthA meM saMskAra bahuta bAdhaka banate haiN| jinakA pUrvajanmAnusAra jIva meM Agamana hotA rahatA hai| inakA kAraNa avidyA hotI hai| isI se karma baMdhate haiM aura ina karmo se kleza utpanna hote haiN| ata: ina vAsanAoM, karmoM aura klezoM kA sarvathA nAza viveka yA samyagjJAna prApta kara lene para hI saMbhava hotA hai| tabhI Atmatattva ko pahacAnane kI zakti utpanna hotI hai| aisI sthiti kI prApti hI AtmalInatA athavA kaivalyadhAma hai, jo ki yoga kA lakSya hotA hai| isa prakAra yogadarzana ke anusAra mana:zuddhi karake kramaza: AtmasvarUpa meM sthita hone ke lie ATha yogAMgoM kA varNana milatA hai, jo yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna evaM samAdhi ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| 1. bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA, bhAga 2, pR. 397. 2. pAtaJjalayogadarzana, 1/2. 3. yogadarzana, 1/17. 4. vahI, 4/34

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yogadarzana meM kriyAyoga evaM samAdhiyoga ke satat abhyAsa kA prasaMga bhI vizeSatayA dRSTavya hai, jinameM kahA gayA hai ki tapa, svAdhyAya tathA IzvarapraNidhAna kriyAyoga hai| yahA~ tapa kA matalaba cAndrAyaNa, kAcchrAyaNAdi vrata se hai| vedoM kA adhyayana, cintana-manana karanA svAdhyAya hai tathA Izvara ko sammukha rakhakara bAra-bAra usake guNoM kA smaraNa karanA IzvarapraNidhAna mAnA jAtA hai| isa kriyAyoga se indriyoM kA damana hotA hai / abhyAsa aura vairAgya kI satat bhAvanA isake lie anivArya hai| isa taraha yogadarzana ke aSTAMgayogayukta yogasamAdhi meM saMlIna rahane vAle yogI dIrghakAla taka yoga meM ramaNa kara sakate haiN| zaiva aura zAkta yoga - prAcInatama sampradAyoM meM zaivamata ko anyatama sthAna prApta hai| zaivAgama ziva ke pA~ca mukhoM se nikalI huI anubhUtiyoM kA sAhitya hai| isameM mUlata: pUrNa svarUpa ko ziva aura paramaziva nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| yaha ziva parama akhaNDa mahAprakAza svarUpa hai aura ise samasta sRSTi-sthiti kA arthAt abhivyaktasRSTi kA kendra mAnA jAtA hai| isa kendrabindu se sphuTita pA~ca bindu hI ziva ke pA~ca mukha haiM - 1. sadyoyAna, 2. vAmadeva, 3. aghora, 4. IzAnya aura 5. tttvaaNsh| ina pA~ca mukhoM se nirgata Agama ko ziva, rudra evaM bhairava bhI kahA jAtA hai| zaivadharma ke tattva ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai - 1. jJAna, 2. kriyA, 3. caryA aura 4. yoga / kuNDalinI zakti, jisameM ki saMkoca aura vistAra kI kriyAe~ hotI haiM, ina para hI AdhArita hotI hai| ye kriyAe~ Urdhva aura adhogati ko pahuMcAne vAlI mAnI jAtI haiN| kuNDalinI jAgaraNa, Asana, prANAyAma, malazodhana, nADIzodhana Adi saba kucha svata: hI ho jAtA hai evaM zivazakti kA sAmaMjasya bhI ho jAtA hai| isI ko paramabrahma meM lIna honA kahA jAtA hai| isa paramparA meM ajJAna ke do prakAra mAne jAte haiM - buddhigataajJAna aura pauruSaajJAna / citzakti kA saMkoca ajJAna hai tathA isa saMkoca kI carama sImA hI saMsAra hai| svarUpa saMkoca ke kAraNa svayaM cetana hI jaDa+ bana jAtA hai| caitanya ko hI pramANa, prameya mAnA gayA hai aura cit zakti ko vizeSa sthAna diyA gayA hai| sAmAnyata: chaThI se dasavIM sadI kA kAla zAktayuga kA kahA jAtA hai| isa yuga 1. vahI, 2/29. 3. vahI, vyAsabhASya, pR. 517. 5. sarvadarzana saMgraha, pR. 322. 2. yogadarzana, 2/1. 4. taMtrAloka, kaNThasaMhitA, bhAga 1, pR. 37-38. 14

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meM zakti kI jo mahattvavRddhi huI vaha carama para thI / maMtraprayoga, kuMDalinIsAdhanA evaM paMcamakAropAsanA kA Adhikya isI samaya meM dikhAI detA hai| zAktoM ke dharmagranthoM ko taMtra ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| kAzmIra ke zaivamata meM bhI taMtroM kI svIkRti milatI hai| isalie kAzmIrI zaivoM ko zaiva evaM zAkta donoM mAnA jAtA hai| zaiva jahA~ paramaziva ko mahattva dete haiM vahIM zAkta parAzakti ko / zAktoM meM zaivoM kI taraha zAktI, zAMbhavI aura maMtrI dIkSA hotI hai| isa sAdhanA meM maMtroM kA mahattva vizeSa hotA hai| inameM akalpanIya zakti kA nivAsa mAnA jAtA hai| isa zAktasAdhanA meM SaTcakra bheda dArA ziva aura zakti kA milana hI mukhya hotA hai| isa zarIra meM 72000 nADi+yA~ mAnI gaI haiN| isa zarIra kA AdhAra merudaMDa hai aura isI ko AdhAra banAkara nADi+yA~ phailI huI haiN| inameM suSumnA sarvapramukha hai| isI meM SaTcakroM kI sthiti mAnI jAtI hai| cakra, cakrAdhideva, devatA, zakti, bIjAkSarayaMtra, bIjavAhana Adi kA vistRta varNana zAkta yoga meM milatA hai| isa zAktayoga meM vANI kI abhivyakti kI prakriyA ko bhI samajhAyA gayA hai|' __abdaitavedAnta evaM yoga -- bhAratIya darzanoM meM vedAnta kA pramukha sthAna hai| yaha darzana kevala saiddhAntika hI nahIM hai apitu vyAvahArika bhI hai| AcArya udayavIra zAstrI ke anusAra 'vedAnta' pada kA tAtparya vedAdi ke vidhipUrvaka adhyayana, manana tathA upAsanA Adi ke anta meM jo tattva jAnA jAe usa tattvavizeSa ke nirUpaNa karane vAle zAstra se hai| jaba jIva aura brahma eka ho jAte haiM, taba jIva ke samasta ahaMkArAdi doSa naSTa ho jAte haiN| mAyA ke kAraNa jIva Atma svabhAva ko bhUla jAtA hai| jJAnaprApti ke bAda usakA brahma ke sAtha tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai| yahI mokSa hai aura mokSa prApta karanA hI advaitavedAntayoga kA sAdhya hai| ___ vedAnta kI sAdhanA kI zuruAta AvaraNa ko haTAne se hotI hai| usake lie sAdhana catuSTaya ko apanAnA hotA hai, jo nimna haiM - 1. nityAnitya vastuviveka, 2. vairAgya, 3. SaTasampattiyA~ (zama, dama, uparati, titikSA, zraddhA aura samAdhAna) 4. mumukssutv| ' ina sAdhanacatuSTaya ke dvArA sAdhaka apane ajJAna ko dUra karatA hai, kyoMki vedAnta 1. rilIjasa kvesTa oNpha iMDiyA, pR. 167. 15

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kI sAdhanA jJAna se hotI hai, isalie zravaNa, manana evaM nididhyAsana dvArA jJAna prApta karake sAdhaka bhavasAgara ko pAra karatA hai| abdaita vedAnta AtmA ko brahma se bhinna nahIM mAnatA hai| vahA~ brahma ko sampUrNa sRSTi kA AdhAra mAnate hue do rUpoM meM varNita kiyA gayA hai - saguNa aura nirgunn| nirguNa rUpa hI usakA vAstavika rUpa hai, jo ki sabhI prakAra ke vikAroM se rahita aura niSkriya hotA hai| hamAre zarIra meM sthita jo Antarika cetana tattva hai vahI AtmA hai| brahma ke saguNa rUpa kA ekaniSTha dhyAna karanA aura usameM lIna honA hI yoga kA vAstavika svarUpa hai|' vedAntasAra meM samAdhi ke do prakAra batalAe gae haiM - savikalpaka aura nirviklpk| nirvikalpaka samAdhi ke yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna evaM samAdhi ye ATha bheda batalAye jAte haiN| vahA~ brahma aura AtmA meM ruka-rukakara anta:karaNa kI vRtti ke pravAha ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai| zraddhA, bhakti, dhyAna aura yoga mukti kA kAraNa hai, isase hI dehabandhana kA uccheda hotA hai| ___ advaita vedAnta kA parama lakSya mokSa hI hotA hai| mokSa kI prApti jJAna se hI hotI, na ki karma se / mokSa to svayaM AtmA kA svarUpa hai, vaha pahale se hI siddha hai, ata: karma dArA use prApta karanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| ajJAna rUpI AvaraNa dUra hone se usakI pratIti nahIM hotI apitu jJAna ke prakAza se vaha pragaTa ho jAtI hai| yahI usakI prApti hai| jaba sAdhaka isa sthiti meM pahu~catA hai to usakA ajJAna naSTa ho cukA hotA hai use sarvatra brahma hI brahma bhAsita hotA hai| __ nAtha sampradAya evaM yoga - nAtha yoga ke udbhava ke viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, lekina mAnA jAtA hai ki isakA prArambha athavA punaHsthApana gorakhanAtha se huA hai| gorakhanAtha kA samaya 10 vIM athavA 11vIM zatI se pUrva kA hai, jo isa sampradAya kA samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| nAtha sampradAya meM mukhyata: nau nAtha mAne jAte haiM - 1. gorakhanAtha, 2. jvAlendranAtha, 3. kAriNanAtha, 4. gAhinInAtha, 5. carpaTanAtha, 1. vedAntadarzana kA itihAsa, pR. 1. 2. vedAntasAra, 187. __ 3. vedAntasAra, 191. 4. tatrAdvitIyavastuni vicchidya vicchidyAnatarindriyavRttipravAho dhyaanm| - vahI, 198. 5. brahmasUtra (zAMkarabhASya) 1/1/4. 6. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR. 763. 7. Siddha Siddhanta Paddhati and other work of Nathyogis, P. 7. 16

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6.kheNanAtha, 7. nAganAtha, 8. bhartRnAtha tathA 9. gopiicndrnaath| yaha pantha alaga-alaga nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| jaise - siddhamata, yogamArga, yogasampradAya, avadhUtasampradAya, avadhUtamata aadi| isameM dIkSA dhAraNa karane ke samaya kAna phaDa+vAkara kuNDala dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa inheM kanaphaTA yogI bhI kahate haiN| ina nAthapaMthiyoM ke sAhitya meM bauddhoM kI sAdhanA paddhati kI bahutasI bAtoM kA samanvita rUpa dekhakara DaoN. rAdhAkAnta mukharjI ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki 'nAtha siddha Adhe bauddha aura Adhe hindU the kintu pUrNayogI the| ye dasavIM se gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM ke daurAna hae the| vidvAnoM ne sAmAjika dRSTi aura dharmasAdhanA Adi se saMbaddha dRSTikoNoM kI samAnatA Adi ke AdhAra se nAthoM ko siddhoM kA uttarAdhikArI mAnA hai| kintu jahA~ DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA va mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaisoM kA mata inake samarthana meM hai, vahIM katipaya isa vicAradhArA ke viparIta bhI haiN| haThayoga kI sAdhanA kA uddezya bhI rAjayoga prApti thA / mudrA kA artha bhI vajrayAniyoM kI taraha strI hokara kAna meM dhAraNa kiyA jAne vAlA kuNDala hai / ata: sAdhanAtmaka dRSTi se donoM abhinna nahIM the| itanA hI nahIM, nAthayogI zaiva the, aura unameM zivazakti ke sAmarasya dArA citta kI samatA kI prApti hotI thI, vajrayAniyoM kI taraha zUnya aura karuNA ke yuganaddha dArA nahIM / bauddha sahajiyA-sAdhakoM kI kAyA-sAdhanA kA lakSya jahA~ mahAsukha kI prApti thA, vahIM nAthapaMthiyoM kA lakSya amaratA evaM zivatva kI praapti| sahajiyA-sAdhakoM ne mahAsukhAtmaka zUnya jJAna ke lie nArI ko aparihArya mAnA, kintu nAthayogiyoM ne usakA niSedha kiyaa| ina aura aneka tarkoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai ki isa prakAra nAtha, siddha aura bauddha bhinna-bhinna haiM tathA unake bdArA pravartita pracArita saMpradAya aura dharmamata samakAlIna hokara bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| jo samAnatAe~ milatI haiM, ve bhAratIya tAMtrika dharma kI vizeSatAe~ haiM, jo eka sAtha hI jainoM, baudoM, zaivoM, zAktoM aura vaiSNavoM Adi sabhI meM samAna rUpa se milatI hai / isa prakAra bauddha-siddhoM, nAthasiddhoM evaM saMtoM ke mata ko eka hI srota kA mAna lenA anucita hai|' nAthayoga meM haThayoga tathA tantrayoga ke samAna hI guru kI mahattA svIkAra kI jAtI hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki - 'guru kI kRpA se hI saMsAra ke bandhana tor3akara ziva kI 1. I bid. P. 10 & Gorakhnath and the Kantata yogis, P. 235-6. 2. gosvAmI, prathama khaNDa, varSa 24, adhyAya 12,1990 pR. 92. 3. kabIra kI vicAradhArA, pR. 153. 4. Gorakhnath and the Kanfata Yogis. P. 235-6.

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prApti sambhava hai|' isa sampradAya meM kuNDalinI zakti ke mahattva ko samajhAte hue kahA hai. ki - haThayogI prANavAyukA nirodha karake kuNDalinI ko ubuddha karatA hai| jaba kuNDalinI udabuddha ho jAtI hai to prANa sthira ho jAte haiM aura sAdhaka zUnya patha se nirantara usa anAhata dhvani ko sunane lagatA hai jo akhaNDa rUpa se sAre brahmANDa meM dhvanita ho rahI hai| prANAyAma ke dvArA kuNDalinI kA udabodha sukara ho jAtA hai| ___nAthayogI zarIra ke mahattva ko svIkAra karate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM zarIra ke rahasyoM ko jAnanA cAhie, tAki paripakva yA siddhadeha kI prApti ho sake / yogAgni se saptadhAtumaya tathA mahAbhUta se nirmita zarIra ko dagdha kiyA jA sakatA hai| apakva zarIra vyAdhi Adi se pIr3ita hotA hai| haThayoga kI kriyAoM se siddhadeha kI prApti hotI hai| mAnasa-sAdhanA ke lie yaha deha sarvAdhika upayukta mAdhyama hotI hai / svastha rogamukta zarIra ke binA samAdhi-yoga kaise sadha sakatA hai| ata: nAthayogI vajralauha ke samAna . kaThora evaM siddhadeha yA cinmaya zarIra kI prApti ke lie haThasAdhanA kA sahArA lete haiN| nAthayoga kA lakSya nAthapada kI prApti hai / gorakSasiddhAntakAra ke anusAra 'nAthasvarUpeNAvasthAnam' hI nAthayoga kA uddezya hotA hai| guru kI anukampA evaM siddhadeha ke mAdhyama se hI isa pada kI prApti saMbhava ho pAtI hai| nirAkAra-sAkAra, nirguNa-saguNa, daita-advaita se pare sarvAtIta, svasaMvedya, kevala anubhavagamya tattva hI nAthapada hai| isa pada ko anivArya tathA svAtmaprakAzarUpa kahA gayA hai| vaha nizcala, nirmala, zAnta,sarvAtIta, nirAmaya hai| ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nAthayoga kA lakSya jIvanmuktiyukta siddhadeha se nAtharUpa meM avasthAna yA piMDapaDha kA samarasIkaraNa hI hai| isa uddezya kI siddhi ke lie nAthapaMtha ne yoga kI jo sAdhanA praNAlI svIkAra kI hai, vaha haThayoga, maMtrayoga, layayoga evaM samAdhiyoga yA rAjayoga kI hI hai| inameM bhI vaha haTha evaM layayoga para adhika bala detA hai| mukhya rUpa se aSTAMga yA SaDaMga yoga kI sAdhanA nAthapaMtha meM pracalita hai| unakA yoga SaDaMga hai, yadyapi aSTAMga kA vivecana bhI unake sAhitya meM pAyA jAtA hai| nAthoM ne kevala yoga ko hI lakSyaprApti meM sAdhana nahIM mAnA hai| unakI dRSTi meM lakSya siddhi ke lie yogayukta jJAna apekSita hai| inakI sAdhanA meM yama-niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, mudrA, bodha aura baMdha kA prANAyAma se saMbaMdha, prANAyAma aura praNavasAdhanA, 1. nAtha aura saMta sAhitya kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 26.

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ajaphA-japa tathA nAdAnusaMdhAna, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA aura SaTcakrabheda, kuMDalinI yoga, samAdhi, amRtasAdhana evaM dhyAnayoga kA vistRta vivecana evaM prayoga milatA hai| bauddhadharma evaM yoga - bauddhadharma kI paramparA nivRtti pradhAna mAnI gaI hai| bauddha paramparA meM yaha bAta bahuta prasiddha hai ki bhagavAn buddha buddhatva prApta hone se pahale chaha varSoM taka dhyAna sAdhanA meM lIna rhe| bauddhadharma para yoga kA prabhUta prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| senArTa kA to yaha vicAra hI hai ki bauddhamata kA udgama yoga se huA hai| isI prakAra pUse bauddhamata ko yoga kI hI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| jo bhI ho, itanA to prAya: nizcita hai ki prArambhika evaM paravartI bauddhadharma para yoga kA amiTa prabhAva par3A hai| ___ bhagavAn buddha ke jIvana se patA calatA hai ki svayaM unhoMne bhI yoga kI sAdhanA kI thI / saMnyAsa dhAraNa karane ke bAda unhoMne yoga kI dIkSA bhI lI thii| buddha ko jina dRzyoM ke darzana se pravrajyA kI preraNA milI thI, unameM eka pravrajita kA dRzya bhI thaa| unhoMne usa samaya ke prasiddha yogI AlAta kAlAma se yoga bhI sIkhA thaa| lalitavistara' se patA calatA hai ki buddhakAla meM yoga kI aneka paddhatiyA~ pracalita thiiN| isake atirikta bodhagayA ke nikaTa lagAtAra chaha varSoM taka unhoMne yoga kA abhyAsa kiyA thA / vahA~ unhoMne 'AsthAnakasamAdhi' kA abhyAsa karate hue zarIra ko isa prakAra kasa diyA thA ki unakA AhAra ghaTate-ghaTate cAvala ke eka dAne para pahu~ca gayA thaa| kintu kAlAntara meM buddha ko bodha huA ki isa prakAra kI sAdhanA se duHkha kA nirodha saMbhava nahIM hai, ata: unhoMne usakA parityAga kara diyaa| . bauddha sAhitya meM yoga ke sthAna para 'dhyAna' aura 'samAdhi' zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai| dhyAna bauddha dharma kA hRdaya hai| bauddha sAdhanA paddhati meM dhyAna kA artha kisI viSaya para cintana karanA hai| parantu abhyAsa ke binA kucha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, citta kA abhyAsa hI dhyAna hai| athavA bAhya viSayoM kI Asakti se mukta honA hI dhyAna hai| 1. amanaskayoga, 152. 2. bhaktikAlIna hindI-sAhitya meM yoga bhAvanA, (aprakAzita zodha prabandha) pR.77. 3. bauddhadharma-darzana, pR. 282. 4. iMDiyana philaoNsaphI, DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, khaMDa 1, pR. 355-6 kI pAdaTippaNa . 5. samantapAsAdikA, pR. 145-6. 6. dhyAna sampradAya, pR. 81.

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- bodhi prApta hone se pUrva tathAgata buddha ne zvAsocchavAsa kA nirodha karane kA prayatna kiyA thaa| unhoMne apane ziSya se kahA ki maiM zvAsocchvAsa kA nirodha karanA cAhatA thA, isalie maiM mukha, nAka evaM karNa meM se nikalate hue sAMsa ko rokane kA, use nirodha karane kA prayatna karatA rhaa| lekina isameM unheM saphalatA nahIM milii| isalie unhoMne aSTAMgika mArga kA upadeza diyaa|' bauddha yoga meM 'samAdhi' kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isako prApta karane ke lie 'dhyAna' kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna cAra prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - 1. vitarka vicAra prItisukha ekAgratA sahita, 2. prItisukha ekAgratA sahita, 3. sukha ekAgratA sahita aura 4. ekAgratA shit| dhyAna kI ekAgratA ke lie yogI ko AcAra-vicAra evaM nIti-niyamoM kA samyak rUpeNa pAlana karanA cAhie, kyoMki saMyama ke binA dhyAna athavA samAdhi lagAnA vaise hI nirarthaka hai, jaise ki phUTe ghar3e meM pAnI bhrnaa| cittavRttiyoM kI pUrNa zAnti evaM ekAgratA ke lie bhI saMyamI tathA sadAcArI honA vAMchanIya hai| ina sAre AcAra-vicAroM kA vistRta varNana suttapiTakoM meM huA hai / bauddhAgama meM prANAyAma ko AjApAnasmRti karmasthAna kahA gayA hai| prANAyAma kI vidhi ke upayoga kI sArthakatA batAte hue kahA hai ki citta sthira rakhane ke lie sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha zarIra ko sthira karake zvAsocchvAsa le| yadi isa para bhI usakA citta zAnta nahIM hotA hai to sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha gaNanA, anubandhatA, sparza, sthApanA kA prayoga kre| bauddha yoga meM naitika jIvana ke siddhAnta isa prakAra mAne jAte haiM - dAna, vIrya, zIla, zAnti, dhairya, dhyAna aura prjnyaa| kyoMki inake dvArA vyakti meM ucca bhAvoM kA vikAsa hotA hai tathA dRSTi kSiti kA vistAra hotA hai| bauddha yoga-sAdhanA meM cAra smRtiyoM arthAt kAyAnupazyanA, vedanAnupazyanA, cittAnupazyanA aura dharmAnupazyanA ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| ina smRtiyoM ke antargata hI indriya saMyama, cAra Aryasatya, aSTAMgika mArga, sapta baudhyaMga, cAra dhyAna tathA anAtmavAda Ate haiN| isa prakAra zarIra ko nizcala karane kA mArga batalAkara saMsAra ke cAra kAraNoM arthAt cAra AryasatyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo nimna haiM - __ 1. duHkha, 2. duHkhasamudaya, 3. duHkhanirodha aura 4. duHkhanirodha ke upaay| 1. di sUtra oNpha ve-leMga, pR. 47. __2. aMguttaranikAya, 63. 3. saMyuttanikAya, 5, 10. ___4. vizuddhimArga, bhAga 1, pariccheda 8.

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. bauddhadarzana ke anusAra saMsAra meM duHkha hI duHkha hai| ina duHkha samudAyoM kI jar3eM bahuta haiM, jinheM vdAdaza nidAna athavA pratItyasamutpAda kahA jAtA hai|' dAdaza nidAnoM kA sambandha bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke sAtha hotA hai| Arya satyoM kA nirodha karane ke lie avidyA kA nirodha atyAvazyaka hotA hai| kyoMki kevala avidyA hI ina dAdaza nidAnoM kI jar3a hai| isa sandarbha meM duHkhanirodha mArga kI carcA karate hae buddha ne madhyama pratipadA kA mArga batalAyA hai jo aSTAMga mArga se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isI mArga ke samyak sevana se prajJA kA udaya hotA hai aura nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra saMyama pUrNa AcAra-vicAra kI anivAryatA pratipAdita karate hue buddha ne zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJA kA vidhAna kiyA hai, jo ki yoga ke hI srota haiN| inake atirikta yogasAdhanA ke vibhinna aMgopAMgoM kI vistRta carcA 'milindaprazna' meM kI hai| bauddha yoga meM yadyapi pAtaMjala yoga kI bhAMti vyavasthita evaM kramabaddha yoga kI carcA nahIM huI hai, tathApi bodhiprApti ke lie jo upAya batalAe haiM, ve nizcaya hI AdhyAtmika athavA yogamArga ke sopAna haiN| jainaparamparA evaM yoga - jainadharma ke maulika grantha Agama kahalAte haiN| jainAgamoM meM yoga ke artha meM adhikatara dhyAna zabda prayukta huA hai| dhyAna ke lakSaNa, bheda, prabheda, Alambana Adi kA vistRta varNana aneka jainAgamoM meM milatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM muniyoM ke tapa:karma ke varNana meM dhyAna ke bheda-prabheda kA varNana prApta hotA hai| AcArya zrI kundakunda svAmI dArA viracita sabhI adhyAtmapradhAna grantha samayasAra, pravacanasAra, niyamasAra, paJcAstikAya, aSTaprAbhRta Adi granthoM meM adhyAtmadhyAna-yoga kA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| . muni aura zrAvaka ke AcAra kA varNana karane vAle AcAra viSayaka aneka granthoM meM bhI dhyAna-yoga sambandhI varNana upalabdha hotA hai| mUlAcAra meM muniyoM ke paMcAcAroM ke vivecana meM tapa:AcAra ke antargata pA~caveM antaraMga tapa dhyAna nAmaka tapa ke varNana ke prasaGga meM dhyAna ke bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI tapa ArAdhanA ke varNana meM dhyAna-yoga kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai / umAsvAmI kRta tattvArthasUtra aura isake TIkA grantha sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavArtika, tattvArtha zlokavArtika, tattvArthavRtti Adi meM bhI dhyAna kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai / dhyAnazataka, 1. vahI, bhAga 2, pariccheda 16 pR. 105. 2. vahI, bhAga 2, pariccheda 16, pR. 121. 3. milinda prazna, 6/1/1.

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tattvAnuzAsana, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, jJAnasAra (NANasAra), yogasAraprAbhRta, jJAnArNava, amitagatizrAvakAcAra, tattvasAra, ArAdhanAsAra, AcArasAra, cAritrasAra, vasunandizrAvakAcAra, mahApurANa, harivaMzapurANa ityAdi jaina granthoM meM dhyAna-yoga kI vipula sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava meM piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAnoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| yaha grantha dhyAna-yoga kA atyanta upayogI evaM mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| haribhadrasUri ne yogabindu, yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogaviMzikA, yogazataka aura Sor3azaka granthoM ko likhakara jaina yoga ko eka nayA AyAma diyA hai| hemacandrasUri ne bhI yogazAstra meM Asana, prANAyAma evaM dhyAna se sambandha rakhane vAlI aneka bAtoM kA vistRta rUpa se varNana kiyA hai / yaha grantha atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM upayogI hai / upAdhyAya yazovijayakata adhyAtmasAra adhyAtmopaniSada tathA TIkAsahita battIsa battIsiyA~yoga evaM dhyAna se sambandhita viSayoM para likhI gaIM haiN| jainAcAryoM dvArA svIkRta yoga kIcarama pariNati AtmA ko usakI anAdikAlIna karma kAlimA se zuddha karake usakI hI yathArtha nija nirmala dazA meM niyukta kara detI hai, jahA~ phira AtmapradezoM kA parispanda sarvadA ke lie nivRtta ho jAtA hai| ata: parispandanAtmaka yoga se ayogasthiti meM, ayogijina ke parispandanAtmaka mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti kA nirodha yoga hai| jaina paramparA meM yoga zabda kA pAtaMjala yogadarzana sammata prathama prayoga AcArya zrI kundakunda svAmI dvArA kiyA gayA hai| yoga ko paribhASita karate hue unhoMne likhA ki "jo sAdhu rAgAdi ke parihAra meM AtmA ko lagAtA hai arthAt AtmA meM AtmA ko lagAkara rAgAdika kA tyAga karatA hai vaha yoga bhakti yukta hai / dUsaroM ko yoga kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai jo sAdhu sarva vikalpoM ke abhAva meM AtmA ko lagAtA hai arthAt AtmA meM AtmA ko jor3akara sarva vikalpoM kA abhAva karatA hai| vaha sAdhu yogabhakti yukta hai| viparIta abhiprAya kA parityAga karake jo jinakathita tattvoM meM AtmA ko lagAtA hai usakA vaha nijabhAva yoga hotA hai|'' - AcArya haribhadrasUri ne bhI 'mokSa kI prApti ke lie jo dharma kriyA athavA vizuddha vyApAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha dharmavyApAra yoga hai| yama-niyamAdi kA vyApAra jIva ke pariNAmoM kI zuddhi ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai| tathA inakA uddezya mana, vacana aura kAya 1. dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 13. 2. niyamasAra, gAthA 137-9.

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dArA arjita karmoM kI zuddhi karanA hI hai| isa dRSTi se samiti, gupti Adi AcAravicAra kA anuSThAna uttamayoga hai, kyoMki inase saMyama kI vRddhi hotI hai aura yoga bhI AtmA kI hI vizuddha avasthA kA mArga hai, jisase jIva ko sarvocca avasthA kI prApti hotI hai| jaina paramparA meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti bhI yoga zabda se abhihita hotI hai| kintu yogasAdhanA ko vyakta karane vAle aneka zabdoM ko jainadarzana meM sthAna prApta hai jaise - dhyAna, tapa, samAdhi, saMvara aadi| samAdhi, tapa, dhyAna Adi zabdoM kA upayoga yoga kI taraha hI huA hai aura vIrya, sthAna, utsAha, parAkrama, ceSTA, zakti evaM sAmarthya zabda prakArAntara se yoga ke artha ko hI vyaMjita karane vAle mAne gae haiN| niSkarSa rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki maharSi pataMjali vaha pahale vyakti haiM, jinhoMne vaidika paramparA meM vizRMkhala rUpa meM yatra-tatra prApta sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM ko anuzAsita kara eka vyavasthita sAdhanA-prakriyA kA rUpa diyaa| pAtaMjala yogasUtra darzana evaM prakriyA donoM kA zreSThatama mizraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra pataMjali ne paramparA se calI AtI huI astavyasta yoga-prakriyAoM ko saiddhAntika evaM vyAvahArika rUpa meM saMgaThita kiyaa| . IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke uparAnta bhArata ke vibhinna sAdhanA-sampradAyoM meM tantra kA praveza huA hai| kAlAntara meM jaina, bauddha, zaiva, vaiSNava Adi sampradAya taMtra ke prabhAva se AkrAnta hue haiN| yoga kI pAtaMjala dRSTi meM bhI tantraprayoga se kucha parivartana lakSita hue| pataMjali kA rAjayoga haThayoga evaM layayoga ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai| taMtra kI piMDa-brahmANDa aikyavAlI dRSTi ke pariNAmasvarUpa zarIrastha nAr3IcakroM kA praveza rAjayoga meM huA hai| .. vibhinna dhArmika saMpradAyoM meM bhI yoga kA praveza huA hai| buddha evaM mahAvIra ke dharma meM yoga pahale se hI vidyamAna thaa| kintu tantrapraveza ke sAtha bauddhoM evaM jainoM se yoga meM bhI nAr3IcakroM kA praveza huaa| vaiSNavoM ke pAMcarAtrasAhitya meM bhI isa nADIcakra, kuMDalinI Adi kA vistRta vivaraNa sulabha hotA hai| ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vibhinna dharmasampradAyoM meM rAjayoga apane vikasita rUpa meM hI phala-phUla sakA hai| kisI bhI sAdhanA-paddhati ko yoga ke lie svIkAra karane meM kisI prakAra kI 1. yogaviMzikA, 1. 2. yogabhedadAtriMzikA, 30. .3.paMcasaMgraha, bhA.2,4. 23

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hicaka nahIM huii| kyoMki yoga kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha kisI bhI sampradAya kI dhArmika mAnyatA se kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM prakaTa krtaa| koI bhI zaiva, vaiSNava, zAkta, bauddha aura jaina hote hue bhI yogI ho sakatA hai| vaha Izvara ke svarUpAdi ke sambandha meM koI aisI mAnyatA nahIM upasthita karatA, jise mAnane meM kisI sampradAya ke sAdhaka ko Apatti ho| yoga kI avadhAraNA - bhAratIya darzana kI mUlacetanA AtmasAkSAtkAra hai| yaha AtmasAkSAtkAra anubhava ke antas se unmiSita hotA hai aura isI se mAnava avidyA mAyA kI pRthaktA ko saMdhAnita karake AtmavidyA kA varaNa karatA hai| darzana saMkalpanAtmaka punarnirmANa utanA nahIM hai, jitanA ki antardRSTi kA prakaTIkaraNa / saMkalpanAtmaka jJAna ke rUpa meM darzanazAstra . antarjJAnAtmaka bodha ke lie hai aura yaha bodha ho jAne para use prakaTa karane ke lie 'yoga' sAdhana hai| jaba vyakti jIvana kI nazvaratA, bhogoM kI kSaNikatA Adi ko jAna letA hai taba apane mUlasvarUpa ko pahacAnane ke lie usakA prayAsa yoga kI kriyA se hI saMpAdita hotA hai| yadyapi saMsAra ke bAhya bhautika svarUpa meM, saMcAra-sAdhanoM, vaijJAnika AviSkAroM Adi kI unnati se bahuta adhika parivartana huA hai, kintu isase Antarika AdhyAtmika pakSa meM koI parivartana nahIM huA hai| jaise kSudhA-tRSA Adi evaM anurAga kI purAtana zaktiyA~ aura hRdayagata nirdoSa ullAsa evaM bhaya ityAdi mAnava-prakRti ke sanAtana guNa haiM; usI prakAra yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, dhyAna Adi ko jIvana kI mUla rUpa AtmA kI svabhAvokti kahA gayA hai| bhautikatA kI ApAdhApI ke bIca sukha va zAnti ke liye dhyAna yoga hI ekamAtra upAya hai| yoga vastuta: bhAratIya manISA kA zreSThatama vikAsa hai| bhAratIya manISA ke sabhI kSetra-upakSetroM ko yoga ne prerita-prabhAvita kiyA hai| veda-vedAMga, upaniSada, purANa aura anya Arya sAhitya hI nahIM, sAdhanAparaka jaina, bauddha, zAkta-zaiva, vaiSNava Adi sampradAyoM ke sAhitya ko bhI yoga dIkSA prApta huI hai| yoga kriyA sabhI darzanoM meM pratiSThita hai| vaha apanI pratiSThA aura mahattva ke kAraNa yoga ko kaI sampradAyoM ne apane nAma ke sAtha jor3A hai| jaise karma, bhakti aura jJAna sabhI ke sAtha yoga jur3a gyaa| yaha bAta alaga hai ki apane siddhAntoM evaM vicAroM ke anukUla vibhinna sampradAyoM ne yoga kI kisI viziSTa praNAlI athavA rUpa ko apane lie upayukta maanaa| yadi vaiSNavoM ne nAma-smaraNa ke mAdhyama se japa 24

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evaM manprayoga ko mahattA dI, to nAthayogiyoM ne haThayoga kA samarthana kiyaa| isa prakAra vibhinna darzanoM ne apane-apane vaicArika dRSTikoNa aura mAnyatAoM ke bIca yogasAdhanA ke vibhinna rUpoM ko pracalita kiyA / yoga sAdhanA, Asana, mudrA, prANAyAma Adi bAhya aMgoM meM pravAhita to huA kintu isameM sabase adhika mAnyatA dhyAna prakriyA ko milii| dhyAna sAdhanA yadyapi yoga sAdhanA kA aMga mAnI jAtI hai| kintu apanI sarvotkRSTatA evaM pracalita pratiSThA ke kAraNa vaha yoga sAdhanA kA hI paryAya bana gii| isalie kahIM-kahIM anya Ane vAle sAhityakAroM ne yoga sAdhanA ke lie hI dhyAna zabda prayukta kiyA / dhyAna kA svarUpa, usake bheda-prabheda aura sahAyaka sAmagrI rUpa Asana-prANAyAmAdi aSTAMgayoga viSayaka vivecana tathA dhyAna kI prakriyA meM dhyeya aura dhyAtA ke bIca saMbaMdhita kriyA kI vyAkhyA vyakti ko dhyAna jaisI kliSTa sAdhanA kA saralatama rUpa meM logoM ke samakSa vyakta karanA hai| dhyAna ke mahattva evaM phala ke vivecana ke sAtha anya granthoM se tulanA Age ke adhyAyoM kI rUparekhA hai| jisameM bhAratIya yoga paramparA kA vahI rUpa milatA hai jo santoM aura sAhityakAroM kI anubhUti aura abhivyakti hai| jo yugoM-yugoM se bhAratIya yoga paramparA ko samRddha kara avirala pravahamAna kiye haiN| kyoMki bhAratIya yuga cetanA kabhI vizRMkhala nahIM huI vaha vibhinna darzanoM evaM sampradAyoM ke mAdhyama se bhaTakate mAnava ko jahA~ eka sUtra meM piroye hue hai vahIM mAnava ke carama lakSya arthAt Atmadarzana, AtmAnubhUti meM aham bhUmikA kA nirvAha kara rahI hai| kyoMki satya eka hai, kintu usake aneka pahalU haiN| saMsAra meM vaha nAnA rUpoM meM vyakta hotA hai| usakI anubhUti bhI vibhinna prakAra se hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kaI dArzanika cintanadhArAeM calA karatI haiN| kintu antatogatvA ve sabhI dhArAeMsAgara meM samA jAtI haiN| isalie kahA jAtA hai ki . manaSya ko prApta jJAna ke sAre sAdhanoM se. anabhava meM Ane vAlI sArI saSTi ko. samagra rUpa meM samajhane kA prayatna hI darzana hai aura usakA lakSya Atmika sukha cirantana Ananda hai| jise yoga, dhyAna Adi ke mAdhyama se prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya yoga paramparA ke vizAla pravAha meM AcArya zubhacandra kA yogadAna jyotirmAn dhruvatAre kI taraha alaga-thalaga va sadA prakAzamAna hote rahane vAlA hai| unake dArA racita jJAnArNava bhAratIya sAhitya bhaNDAra kI vaha akSaya nidhi hai, jisako pAkara kisI bhI sAdhaka ko mAtra gaurava hI prApta nahIM hotA apitu usake mArgadarzana se apane lakSya ko prApta karane kI vaha sAmarthya prasphuTita hotI hai, jisake lie vaha janma-janmAntara se sAdhanArata hai|

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dvitIya adhyAya grantha evaM granthakAra 'bhAratIya vAGmaya usa mahAn mAnava saMskRti kI vijaya-gAthA kA itihAsa hai jo vizva ke vyApaka kSitija-vakSoM taka prasArita huI hai, jisane mAnava-akhaNDatA kA amUlya darzana dekara sampUrNa prabuddha jagat ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| bhArata-bhUmi una mantradRSTA kaviyoM kI bhUmi hai jo anta:zakti aura antarbodha dArA traikAlika satya kA sAkSAtkAra karate the| usI satya kA sAkSAtkAra unheM dayA, karuNA, prema aura paropakAra ke caramotkarSa taka le jAtA thA, tabhI unakI sAdhanA vyaktigata hotI huI bhI sampUrNa mAnavajAti hI nahIM varan prANImAtra ke lie huA karatI thii| vyaSTi ke antargata samaSTi kI yaha rUpAbhivyakti bhAratIya saMskRti kI apanI alaga vizeSatA hai / kyoMki 'anubhava cAhe kitanA bhI vyaktigata aura viziSTa kyoM na ho, yathArtha kA bhoga cAhe kitanA hI nijI aura svAnubhUtivAdI kyoM na ho, vaha mAnavIya anubhava aura mAnavIya yathArtha kA virodhI nahIM ho sktaa| usa anubhava kI prAmANikatA bhI vyApaka sAmAjika aura mAnavIya sandarbho meM hI ho sakatI hai| uccatama sAdhaka kI sAdhanAgata anubhUti jaba karuNA aura paropakAra Adi guNoM se prabhAvita hotI hai to vaha uttuMgasrota se ni:sRta hotI nadI kI taraha svata: aura sahajagatyA kAvyAtmaka hokara janakalyANArtha prastuta ho jAtI hai| usameM sAdhaka kI kisI bhI taraha kI abhisaMdhi kA anusaMdhAna anusaMdhAtA ke Agraha kI paridhi ke kAraNa to ho sakatA hai, kintu tattvata: nhiiN| kAraNa, kRti maulika va Urjasvita anubhUti ke Avega kA hI pariNAma hotI hai| jJAnArNava zIrSaka kA tAtparya - AcArya zubhacandra ne 'jJAnArNava' grantha ke prArambha meM maGgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt 'jJAnArNavamimaM vakSye satAmAnandamandiram' vAkya dvArA grantha Arambha karane kI pratijJA tathA grantha ke anta meM grantha ke mahattva ko 'jJAnArNavasya mAhAtmyaM citte ko vetti tattvata:' zloka dvArA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya zubhacandra kI isa racanA kA nAma mUlata: jJAnArNava hai| kAraNa, jJAna use 1. Adhunika hindI samIkSA kI pravRttiyA~, pR. 166-7. 2. bhaktikAvya aura mAnavamUlya, pR. 25. 3. jJAnArNava, 1/11. 4. vahI, 2230. 26

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kahA jAtA hai jo avidyA kA nAzaka aura vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA prakAzaka hotA hai tathA arNava kA artha samudra hai| isa taraha yaha grantha ajJAna kA nAzaka aura anekAneka viSayoM kA samAveza karane vAlA hone se samudravat vizAla hai| athavA jo svarUpata: agAdha evaM vizAla jJAna se samRddha hai yA anekAneka padArthoM ke sandarbho se yukta hai vahI jJAnArNava hai| anya nAmoM kI sambhAvanA - - AcArya zubhacandra dvArA racita grantharAja ke nAma jJAnArNava' ke atirikta aura bhI haiN| jinakI sUcanA svayaM granthakAra grantha meM hI yatra-tatra dete haiN| eka nAma ke viSaya meM grantha kA upAnta zloka kahatA hai - iti jinapatisUtrAtsAramuddhRtya kiJcit svamativibhavayogyaM dhyAnazAstraM praNItam / * vibudhamunimanISAmbhodhicandrAyamANaM caratu bhavi vibhUtyai yAvadIndracandrAn / / ' arthAt maiMne apanI buddhi ke vaibhava ke anusAra isa dhyAnazAstra kI racanA kI hai| uparyukta kazcana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa kRti kA eka anya nAma dhyAnazAstra bhI hai| isakA kAraNa spaSTa hai ki isa grantha meM pramukhatA se mokSa ke sAkSAt kAraNabhUta dhyAna kA vizada vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prasaGgopAtta anya viSayoM kA vivecana dhyAna kI sahAyaka sAmagrI ke AdhAra para huA hai| grantha meM hI upalabdha eka anya zloka hai - * punAtyAkarNitaM ceto datte zivamanuSThitam / dhyAnatantramidaM dhIra dhanya yogIndragocaram / / uparyukta zloka se isake dhyAnatantra nAma hone kI bhI sambhAvanA prakaTa hotI hai| cUMki prastuta grantha meM dhyAna kA jitanI sUkSmatA evaM prAJjalatA se vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai, usase isake dhyAnatantra jaisA nAma hone meM sandeha na hokara puSTi kI ora hI gati hotI hai| grantha ke pratyeka prakaraNa kI antima puSpikA vAkya se isa grantha kA eka anya nAma yogapradIpa hone kI sUcanA milatI hai / yadyapi yoga aura dhyAna kozArthatayA samAnArthaka haiM aura yaha grantha viSaya parijJAna ke lie dIpaka jaisA bhAsvat hai / ata: 1. vahI, 39/81. 2. jJAnArNava, 3/25. 3. iti jJAnArNave yogapradIpAdhikAre AcAryazrIzubhacandraviracite brahmavratavicAre kAmaprakopaprakaraNam / / 11 ||

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yogapradIpa nAma hone meM kiJcidapi vismayatA kA kAraNa nahIM jAna pdd'taa| kintu jaisA ki uparyukta puSpikA vAkya meM AcArya zubhacandra ke nAma kA spaSTollekha hai, jo ina puSpikAvAkyoM kA mUla lekhaka kRta hone meM kiJcit saMdeha paidA karatA hai| aura isakI puSTi ke lie jJAnArNava ke hI.TIkAkAra dvArA prayukta apane puSpikA vAkyoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI ina puSpikA vAkyoM kA mUla grantha se kitanA sambandha hai, isa viSaya meM nirNayAtmaka kucha kaha pAnA abhI bhI gahana anusandhAna kI apekSA rakhatA hai| kAraNa, puSpikA vAkyoM ke anurUpa grantha kA viSayavibhAjana mUlaka kRta hone meM abhI bhI saMdeha ko janma detA hai| paM. nAthUrAma premI ke abhiprAyAnusAra jJAnArNava kA eka anya nAma yogArNava bhI hai| isameM yogIzvaroM ke AcaraNa karane evaM jAnane yogya sampUrNa jaina siddhAnta kA rahasya bharA huA hai| cUMki isameM yoga kA varNana athAha evaM sUkSma rItyA huA hai| isalie ise yogArNava kahanA bhI sArthaka hI hai| isa prakAra isa grantha ke kama-se-kama pA~ca nAma ho sakate haiN| inameM dhyAnatantra aura dhyAnazAstra to sArthaka nAma ho hI sakate the| kintu grantha kartA ke dvArA inheM pramukharUpeNa svIkAra na karane kA anyatama kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki yadyapi dhyAna bhI sAdhanA kA eka avayava mAtra hai aura use binA jJAna ke prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dhyAna meM bhI vaha dhyAna jo AcArya zubhacandra ko apekSita hai zukladhyAna hai| jise jaina paramparA meM pUrvavida hI prApta kara sakate haiN| jaisA ki AcArya umAsvAmI kA kathana hai - zukle cAye pUrvavidaH // sAmAnya jJAna ke dvArA sthira dhyAna ho pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| ata: dhyAtA ko kama -se-kama pUrvavida honA caahie| zAyada isI sthiti kA bodha karAne ke lie jJAnArNava zabda ko cunA gayA hai| arthAt vizAla jJAna dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA dhyAna hI prazasta dhyAna ho sakatA hai, anyathA vaha kAryakSama nahIM hogaa| grantha kA nAma jahA~ eka ora apane andara nihita kathAvastu kA saMketa kara rahA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora racanAkAra kI vidagdhatA ko pramANita bhii| cUMki racanA kA nAma hI usake andara pratipAdya viSaya ko udghoSita karatA hai isalie lekhaka ke nAmakaraNa kA zrama va yojanA sArthaka hai| isa grantha ke adhyayana se adhyetA una saba viSayoM kA jJAna prApta kara letA hai jo use abhIpsita hote haiN| 1.jJAnArNava, prastAvanA, pR. 17. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9/37.

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pratipAdya viSaya - kisI bhI lekhaka kI kRti apanI samagratA meM lekhaka kA jIvana ke prati jo dRSTikoNa hai usI ko pratibimbita karatI hai| hara eka kRti meM mAnava-jIvana ke kisIna-kisI pakSa kI samyaka abhivyakti rahA karatI hai| ata: sAhityika kA vyaktigata jIvana darzana kA kRti meM rUpAyita honA abhivyakti kI anivAryatA bana jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa kisI bhI kRti kA mUlya nirdhAraNa usameM abhivyakta jIvana-darzana kI utkRSTatA-nikRSTatA para hI nirbhara ho jAtA hai| __ jJAnArNava eka aisI hI anupama kRti hai, jisameM jIvana kA yathArtha digdarzita hai| isalie yaha jIvanadarzana kA paryAya rUpa mAnI jA sakatI hai| isameM bhAratIya saMskRti meM nihita mUlyoM kA na kevala nirvAha huA hai varan vyakti apane jIvana kA nirmANa kaise kara sakatA hai isakI zikSA bhI prasArita huI hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne svayaM apane jIvana kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| isalie unake anubhava kI samagratA sampUrNa kRti meM dikhAI detI hai| cUMki AcArya zubhacandra svayaM yogI the, isalie unake dvArA jahA~ yoga para likhA jAnA apekSAkRta hI nahIM apitu anivArya thA, vahIM unakI viSaya kI sUkSmatA aura Atmadarzana ke vizleSaNa ke lie prAmANika bhii| yaha kRti kRtikAra kI ekamAtra upalabdha racanA hai| yadyapi yaha bhI jJAta nahIM ki inakI anya bhI koI racanA hai| lekhaka ne isako mahAkAvyAtmaka vidhA ke anusAra sargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| isase saMketa milate haiM ki inakI kaI anya racanAe~ aura honA cAhie, jo isakI pUrvavartI rahI hoM, tabhI vikAsa ke : * antima sopAna svarUpa isa mahAkAvyAtmaka racanA kI pUrti kI ho| grantha meM kula 42 sarva haiN| jinameM varNita viSayavastu nimnAnusAra hai - jaisA ki suprasiddha hai jJAnArNava dhyAna, yoga Adi kA vistAra se varNana karatA hai| sAtha hI vyAvahArika jIvana meM kyA upAdeya hai, kyA heya - jaise viSayoM para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| grantha kA Arambha maGgalAcaraNa se hI huA hai| prathama sarga meM 49 padya haiN| mahAkAvyoM ke anurUpa Arambha meM sajjana prazaMsA kI gaI hai| dvitIya sarga meM 12 bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai| prathama anitya bhAvanA ke lie 47 padya haiN| isameM indriyajanya sukha aura sAMsArika vibhUti ko kSaNavidhvaMsI batalAyA gayA hai| dvitIya bhAvanA azaraNa bhAvanA hai| isameM kula 19 padya haiN| jagat meM isa jIva ko koI zaraNa nahIM ho sakatA, isakA vivecana ina padyoM meM hai| tIsarI saMsAra bhAvanA hai| isameM 17 padya nibaddha haiN| inameM cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkhoM kA varNana hai| . . ekatva bhAvanA cauthI hai aura isameM 11 padyoM dvArA AtmA ke anantajJAnAdi svarUpa

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kA aneka avasthAoM ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke janma aura maraNa kA koI sAthI nhiiN| 12 padyoM meM nibaddha anyatva bhAvanA batAtI hai ki AtmA anAdikAla se parapadArthoM ko apanA mAnakara unameM ramatA hai, isI kAraNa se saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kiyA karatA hai| azuci bhAvanA meM 13 padya haiM, jinameM zarIra kI azucitA kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| AsravabhAvanA meM mAtra 9 padya haiN| saMvara bhAvanA meM 12, jinameM kahA gayA hai ki apane svarUpa meM mana ko nizcala karanA hI saMvara bhAvanA hai| nirjarA bhAvanA meM bhI 9 padya haiN| jinameM nirjarA ke upAyoM kA varNana hai| dharma bhAvanA meM 23 padya haiM aura inameM dharma kA svarUpa tathA usakA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| loka bhAvanA kula 7 padyoM meM nibaddha hai, jinameM loka ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bodhidurlabha bhAvanA meM 13 padya haiM, jinameM bodhi arthAt tnatraya kI prApti kI durlabhatA nirUpita kI gaI hai| anta meM ina bAraha bhAvanAoM ke abhyAsa kA mahattva batalAyA gayA hai| tRtIya sarga meM dhyAna kA svarUpa varNita hai| isa sarga meM 36 padya haiN| saMsAra meM manuSya paryAya kA prApta honA kAkatAlIyanyAya ke samAna durlabha hai| usameM bhI jo dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM kA avirodha bhAva se sevana kara mokSa puruSArtha kI ora pravRtta rahatA hai vahI Atmasiddhi pA sakatA hai| caturtha sarga meM 62 padya haiN| isameM dhyAna ke cAra bheda - Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla batalAeM haiN| dhyAna karane vAlA dhyAtA, dhyAna, dhyAna ke darzana, jJAna, cAritra sahita samasta aMga, dhyeya tathA dhyeya ke guNa-doSa, dhyAna ke nAma, dhyAna kA samaya aura dhyAna ke phala kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dhyAtA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue batAyA hai ki jo jitendriya hai, apramAdI hai, kaSTasahiSNu hai, saMsAra se virakta hai, kSobharahita hai aura zAnta hai aisA vyakti hI dhyAtA ho sakatA hai / dhyAtA ko kAndapI Adi pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| dhyAtA ko hAsya, kautUhala, kuTilatA, vyartha bakavAda Adi kriyAoM kA bhI tyAga karanA caahie| dhyAna kA Azaya mana ko ekAgra karanA yA citta kI caMcalatA ko rokanA hai| paJca sarga meM 29 padya haiN| inameM dhyAna karane vAle yogIzvaroM kA stavana huA hai| SaSTha sarga ke 59 padyoM meM samyagdarzana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana pAparUpI vRkSa ko kATane ke lie kuThAra hai aura pavitra tIrthoM meM bhI pradhAna hai / samyagdarzana ke viSaya saptatattva, navapadArtha aura paJcAstikAyAdi kA varNana bhI sundara rIti se kiyA gayA hai| saptama sarga 23 padyoM meM pUrNa hotA hai| isameM samyagjJAna kA svarUpa, bheda evaM mahimA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aSTama sarga 59 padyoM meM ahiMsA mahAvrata ke varNana meM nibaddha hai| isameM pA~ca prakAra ke cAritra, pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samitiyA~ evaM tIna guptiyoM kA kathana bhI subodha zailI meM huA hai| 30

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navama sarga meM 42 padya haiM, jinameM satya mahAvrata kA svarUpa varNita hai| dazama sarga meM 20 padya haiM aura asteya mahAvrata kA kathana isa sarga meM huA hai| ekAdaza sarga meM 48 padyoM dArA brahmacarya mahAvrata kA suvistRta varNana huA hai| vdAdaza sarga ke 59 padyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se strI ke svarUpa kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| trayodaza sarga ke 25 padya kAmasevana ke doSoM kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| caturdaza sarga meM 45 padya haiM, jo strIsaMsarga ke niSedha meM vyApta haiN| paJcadaza sarga ke 48 padya vRddhasevA kI prazaMsA meM sArthaka haiN| jisameM kahA gayA hai ki vRddhasevA karane se kaSAya rUpI agni zAnta hotI hai aura rAgadveSa kA upazama ho citta prasanna hotA hai / Sor3aza sarga meM 42 padya haiM, jo parigrahatyAga mahAvrata kA varNana karate haiN| sattarahaveMsarga meM 21 padyoM dvArA AzA kI nindA kI gaI hai| aSTAdazasarga meM pA~ca samitiyoM kA varNana 39 padyoM meM pUrNa huA hai| 77 padyoM vAlA ekonaviMza sarga kaSAya ke pariNAmoM ko dikhAtA hai| bIsavA~ sarga 38 padyoM dvArA jitendriya hone ke upAya dikhAtA hai| ikkIsavA~ sarga yadyapi 27 padyoM meM nibaddha hai aura isameM bahuta kucha gadyAMza bhI sammilita hai| isameM tritattvayoga kA prakaraNa nirUpita huA hai| jisameM kramaza: pRthvItattva, jalatattva, agnitattva aura vAyutattva kA savistAra varNana hai| bAIsaveMsarga meM 35 padya haiM, jo mana ke vyApAra ko rokane ke lie yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ina AThayogAGgoM kA ullekha karate haiN| isameM bhI kucha gadyAMza dRSTavya hai| teIsaveMsarga meM rAga-dveSa kA nirodha karane ke upAya 38 padyoM meM vyAkhyAyita haiN| sAmyabhAva kA vivecana karane vAlA caubIsavA~ sarga 33 padyoM kA hai| paccIsaveM sarga meM ArttadhyAna kA nirUpaNa 43 padyoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| chabbIsaveMsarga meM raudra dhyAna kA varNana 44 padyoM meM haA hai| sattAIsaveM sarga meM dhyAna ke yogya va pratikUla sthAna tathA dhyAna kI vRddhi ke lie upayogI maitrI, karuNA, pramoda aura mAdhyasthya jaisI bhAvanAoM kA vivecana 34 padyoM meM huA hai| . ahAIsavA~ sarga dhyAna ke yogya sthAna, Asana ke bheda aura dhyAna ke yogya AsanoM kI vivecanA 40 padyoM meM karatA hai| unatIsaveM sarga kA viSaya prANAyAma hai, jo 102 padya taka vistRta hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki prANAyAma karane se citta sthira ho jAtA hai, viSayavAsanAe~ naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura Atmazakti udabuddha ho jAtI hai| tIsavA~ sarga pratyAhAra aura dhAraNA ke varNana meM AyA hai| isameM mAtra 14 padya haiN| ikatIsaveM sarga meM 42 padya haiM, jo savIryadhyAna kA varNana karate haiN| battIsaveMsarga kA viSaya bhedavijJAna hai tathA yaha 104 padyoM meM nibaddha hai| tetIsavA~ sarga 22 padyoM kA hai, jisameM AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai| 17 padyoM vAlA cautIsavA~sarga apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna kA svarUpa varNita karatA hai| paiMtIsaveM sarga meM 31 padya vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna ke nirUpaNa meM sArthaka haiM aura chattIsaveM sarga ke 186 padya saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna kA varNana lokasaMsthAna rUpa meM karate haiN| saiMtIsaveM sarga meM 33 padya haiM, jo piNDasthadhyAna kA varNana karate haiN| isameM dhAraNA ke 31

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viSaya meM vizeSa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ar3atIsaveM sarga meM 116 padya haiM aura ye padasthadhyAna kA vistRta vivecana karate haiN| isameM mantra-padoM ke abhyAsa evaM unake phala kA sundara kathana huA hai| unatAlIsaveM sarga ke 46 padya rUpastha dhyAna kA varNana karate haiN| isameM vizeSa rUpa se arhanta bhagavAna kA dhyAna karane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| cAlIsavA~ sarga 31 padyoM kA hai, jo rUpAtItadhyAna kA varNana karatA hai| jisameM siddhatva ke dhyAna aura usakI prApti kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ikatAlIsavA~ sarga 27 padyoM meM samApya hai aura yaha dharmadhyAna ke phala kA varNana karatA hai| bayAlIsavA~ sarga 88 padyoM meM nibaddha hai, jo zukladhyAna kA vistRta vivecana karatA hai| isI ke anta meM jJAnArNava kA mahattva batalAte hue grantha kI samApti kI gaI hai| jaina AdhyAtmika yoga sAdhanA kI paramparA kA jo krama AcArya zubhacandra ne prastuta kiyA hai vaha paramparita hote hue bhI sarvathA maulika rUpa se lipibaddha huA hai aura usakA prabhAva spaSTata: dIrghakAlIna dikhAI detA hai| unhoMne ina saba viSayoM para pUrvapakSa kA upasthApana karake jaina dRSTikoNa kA vivecana kiyA aura Atmojjvalya kI dRSTi se kahA~-kahA~ kisakI upayogitA hai usakA bar3e hI spaSTa, taTastha aura nirbhIka zabdoM meM AkhyAna kiyA hai| racanAtattva - DaoN. darzanalatA kI dRSTi se jJAnArNava ke racanAtattvoM meM jo pramukha uddezya rahA hai vaha hai - 'AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi meM eka aise sAdhaka kA jIvana uddiSTa thA jo laukika jIvana se sarvathA parAGmukha ho / bAta sahI bhI hai ki jaba taka aisA nahIM ho pAtA taba taka vrata-avrata ke mile-jule jIvana se sAdhyopalabdhi bahuta dUra rahatI hai| kintu dhIre-dhIre gRhI bhI avratamaya jIvana kA parityAga karatA huA vratamaya jIvana ko svIkAra kare, yaha apekSita hI hai| isIlie grantha kI viSayavastu zramaNoM yA saMnyAsiyoM ke lie hI upayogI ho aisA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / gRhasthoM ko bhI usa zreNI taka pahu~cAne kA uddezya hai| kramika abhyAsa calegA tabhI to yaha sadha paaegaa|'' AcArya zubhacandra ke samakakSa pAtaMjalayoga, siddhayoga, haThayoga Adi sabhI yoga paramparAe~ thiiN| isalie unhoMne nAma saMketa na karate hue bhI una dvArA svIkRta vidhAoM kI bhI sthAna-sthAna para carcA kI hai| ata: niSkarSa rUpa meM upayogakartA ko upAdeya tattva se avagata karAkara heya se bacane kA saMketa kiyA hai| tattvajJAna meM niSNAta tathA zabdazilpa 1. jJAnArNava eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 114.

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meM ati kuzala hone ke kAraNa pratipAdya viSayavastu ke upasthApana meM AcArya pUrNata: saphala rahe haiM, yaha ni:saMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai| jJAnArNava kA srota - AcArya zubhacandra digambara jaina paramparA se sambaddha the inheM pUrvavartI AcAryoM dvArA praNIta vizAla sAhitya prApta thaa| jisakA inhoMne jJAnArNava grantha kI racanA meM bharapUra upayoga kiyaa| jinameM AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika viSayoM para race gae AcArya kundakunda, umAsvAmI, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaMka aura jinasena ke grantha mukhya haiN| inameM se samantabhadra, devanandI, akalaMka aura jinasena svAmI Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| viSaya-vivecana ke sandarbha meM jaba vicAra karate haiM to jJAnArNava grantha kI racanA meM ina pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI racanAoM kA prabhUta prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| yathA - dhyAna ke tIna bhedoM ke varNana kA mUla srota AcArya kundakunda ke pravacanasArAdi meM nihita hai| AcArya devanandI ke samAdhitantra aura iSTopadeza kA prabhAva bhI jJAnArNava para dRSTigocara hotA hai| jinasena ke AdipurANa ke 21 veM sarga meM jo dhyAna kA vivecana upalabdha hai usakA prabhAva jJAnArNavaM ke savIryadhyAna aura Asanajaya prakaraNoM meM spaSTa hai| saMkSiptata: jJAnArNava racanA se pUrvavartI katipaya una AcAryoM aura unake granthoM kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai, jinakA ki prabhAva spaSTa hai / ve haiM - AcArya guNadhara - kaSAyapAhuDa, puSpadanta-bhUtabalI - SaTkhaNDAgama, yativRSabha- tiloyapaNNattI, kundakunda - pravacanasAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra, mokSapAhuDa Adi, akalaMka - tattvArthavArtika, svarUpasambodhana, jinasena - AdipurANa, rAmasena - tattvAnuzAsana, vaTTakera - mUlAcAra, amitagati - yogasAraprAbhRta, padmasiMha - NANasAra, AcArya zivArya- bhagavatI ArAdhanA, guNabhadra - AtmAnuzAsana aura gurudAsa - yogasAra aadi| racanA zailI - AcArya zubhacandra meM kavitva kI adbhuta racanAdharmitA thii| ve pratipAdya viSayako abhIpsita chandoM aura zabdoM meM pirone meM kuzala the| ve una zAbdikoM meM se the, jinako zabda prayukta hone ke lie svayaM khojA karate haiN| unake dvArA anupayukta mAna haTAe jAne parave arthahIna-se kozastha ho gae hote haiN| Apane jJAnArNava meM varNika auramAtrika chandoM kA prayoga jisa sarala evaM saphala zailI meM kiyA hai usase Apake pariniSThita racanAkarmI hone kI jAnakArI milatI hai| Apake dvArA prayuktavarNika chandoMko nimna padyoM meM dekhAjA sakatA hai mAlinI - jisake pratyeka pAda meM do nagaNa. eka magaNa aura do yagaNa hote haiM 1. vRttaratnAkara, 3/87 35

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vaha mAlinI chanda hai / ' jJAnArNava meM nimna chanda mAlinI haiM - 2/47, 118, 139, 177, 190, 6/58, 7/22, 8/34, 10/20, 11/48, 12/55, 13/24, 14/37, 15/40-42, 46, 16/39, 17/21, 18/20,84, 142, 146, 19/10, 20/34, 23/ 23, 24/8, 11, 30, 42, 29/103, 31/17, 32/29, 33/179, 35/10, 84, 37/ 31, 38/21, 39/74,811 . sagdharA - jisake pratyeka pAda meM magaNa,ragaNa, bhagaNa, nagaNa aura tIna yagaNa hoM to, use sragdharA chanda mAnA jAtA hai| isameM sAta-sAta para yati hotI hai| prastuta grantha . ke nimna chanda sagdharA haiM - 2/62, 65, 5/22, 27, 7/23, 8/57, 14/38, 39, 45, 18/149, 20/33, 22/26, 29, 23/32, 33, 24/7, 26/16, 34/ 32, 36/46, 39/791 vaMzastha -jisake pratyeka pAda meM jagaNa aura tagaNa pAe jAte haiM aura anta meM jagaNa aura ragaNa hotA hai vaha vaMzastha chanda hai / yathA - 1/14, 4/11, 12, 13, 9/11, 41, 18/67, 68, 18/109, 118, 24/20, 38/11 zikhariNI - jisake pratyeka pAda meM yagaNa, magaNa, nagaNa, sagaNa aura bhagaNa tathA eka laghu tathA eka guru hotA hai vaha zikhariNI chanda hai| jJAnArNava ke nimna chanda zikhariNI haiM - 1/49, 2/127, 148, 3/35-41,5/23, 18/83, 28/37 / . zArdUlavikrIr3ita - jisake pratyeka pAda meM magaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa, do tagaNa evaM eka guru hotA hai vahA~ zArdUlavikrIDita chanda hotA hai| yathA - 2/1, 63, 64,6 6,83, 105, 169,193, 4/4, 59, 60,5/20, 21, 24-26, 28-29, 42, 12/54, 59, 15/43-45, 16/40, 41, 18/36, 37, 82, 84, 147, 148, 22/24, 28, 33, 23/27, 30, 41, 24/6, 23, 27, 28/17, 30/19-21, 32/3, 5, 30, 35/116, 37/10, 38/15 / mandAkrAntA - jisake pratyeka caraNa meM magaNa, bhagaNa, nagaNa aura do tagaNa tathA anta meM do guru hoM to vaha mandAkrAntA chanda hai| jJAnArNava ke nimna padya isake antargata haiM - 2/93,5/28, 22/25, 27, 27/3 / AryA - AryA chanda ke pUrvArdha meM guru sahita sAta gaNa hote haiN| viSama sthAna meM tRtIya, paJcama prabhRti sthAna meM jagaNa nahIM hotA hai| chaThe sthAna meM jagaNa athavA nagaNa aura eka laghu honA vikalpa se jAnanA caahie| yathA - 2/117, 192,8/55, 56, 10/19, 1. vahI, 3/104 2.vRttaratnAkara, 3/46. 3. vahI, 3/98. 4. vahI, 3/101. 5. vahI, 3/97. 6. vRttaratnAkara, 2/1. 34

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11/46, 12/25, 57, 13/8, 16/5, 18/6, 9, 107, 143, 2 1/38, 24/25, 26/107-8, 110-127,34/31, 35/58,82-3,89-90, 92 / indravajA - jisake pratyeka caraNa meM do tagaNa tathA do guru hoM to use indravajrA samajhanA caahie|' jJAnArNava ke nimna chandoM meM isake lakSaNa prApta hote haiM-19/12,24/ 29, 33 / upajAti - jisa chanda kA eka caraNa indravajrA aura eka caraNa upendravajrA kA hotA hai use upajAti chanda kahA jAtA hai| yathA - 4/7, 24/16-18, 24, 26, 28, 31, 32, 39, 28/16, 32/19, 37/4, 38/14, 16, 39/391 upendravajrA - jisake pratyeka pAda meM jagaNa, tagaNa aura jagaNa ke sAtha do guru hoM vaha upendravajrA vRtta kahA jAtA hai / nimna chandoM meM isake lakSaNa maujUda haiM - 18/1, 24/5, 32/20, 27, 37/51 ina chandoM ke atirikta jo chanda haiM ve anuSTup chanda haiN| prAkRta meM gAhA aura apabhraMza meM dohA kA jo mahattva hai vahI mahattva saMskRta meM anuSTup chanda kA hai| isameM alpAkSaroM meM kisI viSaya kA nirUpaNa kara pAnA AsAna hotA hai| zArdUlavikrIr3ita yA mandAkrAntA jaise lambe chandoM kI apekSA ina chandoM ke adhika prayoga hone kA kAraNa bhI . yahI hai ki isakI racanA saukarya evaM prabhAvapUrNa bhI hotI hai| viziSTa sampreSaNIyatA hone para hI viziSTa chandoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to unameM bhI sundaratA parilakSita hotI hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne jisa maJjula evaM mAdhurya zailI ke sAtha vividha chandoM kA svAbhAvika prayoga kiyA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai| viSaya kI durUhatA hone para bhI unheM prayoga meM kisI bhI prakAra kI muzkila huI ho, aisA nahIM dikhAI detaa| sampUrNa grantha kI bhASA prasAdaguNopeta hai| samAsAnta padoM ke kiJcit prayoga hone para bhI ve na to karNakaTu haiM aura na unameM arthAvabodha kara pAne meM kaThinAI kA anubhava hotA hai| use pATha ke sAtha hI hRdayaMgama karane meM kucha bhI jaTilatA nahIM hotii| jahA~ padya ko chor3akara gadya kA prayoga granthakartA ne kiyA hai, vahA~ bhI vivaraNAtmaka viSaya hone se sarala evaM sahajatA prakaTa hotI hai| isase granthakartA ke gadya evaM padya donoM meM likha sakane kI sAmarthya kA to patA milatA hI hai, sAtha hI kuzala zabdazilpI hone kI bhI puSTi hotI hai| isIlie unhoMne jahA~ jaisA ucita lagA, vahA~ vaisI gadya yA padya zailI ko apanAyA hai| AcArya zubhacandra kI lekhanI ke viSaya meM DaoN. darzanalatA ke vicAra mananIya haiM - 'AcArya zubhacandra kI lekhanI yadi ve usakA paryApta upayoga karate to upamiti bhavaprapaMcakrathA ke racanAkAra siddharSi kI lekhanI se Takkara le sakatI thii| lambe-lambe 1. vahI, 3/28. 2. vahI, 3/30. 3. vahI, 3/29. 4. jJAnArNava eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 117. 35

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vAkya aura saritA ke pravAha para calatI laharoM jaise sundara pezala zabda unake vaidagdha ke paricAyaka haiN|' sArthaka zabdayojanA - zabda aura artha kA sambandha anyonyAzrita hai| artha ke binA zabda kA prayoga kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM aura zabda ke binA artha kI pUrI saMpreSaNIyatA A pAnA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne kabhI Izvara kI stuti karate hue unheM zabda aura artha kI upamA se hI ullekhita kiyA thA, jo unakA paripUrNa mata bana gayA hai| yathA - vAgarthAviva saMpRktau vaagrthprtipttye| . jagata: pitarau vande pArvatIparamezvarau / / jabaki sAhityadarpaNakArane zabda aura artha ko kAvya kA zarIra mAnA hai| kAvya ke dvArA saMpreSaNIya bhAvAbhivyakti kAvya kI AtmA hai aura abhivyakti ke lie prayukta. hone vAle zabda aura unakI arthayuti, donoM zarIra haiN| sAhityika jagat meM zabda aura artha ke sambandha ko tAdAtmya rUpa meM hI svIkArA gayA hai| zabda aura artha ke sambandha meM vicAra karate hue muni dulaharAja bhI una donoM meM tAdAtmya svIkArate hue bhI apekSA kI apekSA avazya rakhate haiN| unake hI zabdoM meM - 'zabda aura artha kA vAcya-vAcakabhAva sambandha hai / vAcya se vAcaka na sarvathA bhinna hai aura na sarvathA abhinna / sarvathA bheda hotA to zabda ke dvArA artha kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| vAcya ko apanI sattA ke jJApana ke lie vAcaka cAhie aura vAcaka ko apanI sArthakatA ke lie vAcya caahie| zabda kI vAcakaparyAya vAcya ke nimitta se banatI hai aura artha kI vAcyaparyAya zabda ke nimitta se banatI hai, isalie donoM meM kathaJcit tAdAtmya hai| sarvathA abheda isalie nahIM ki vAcya kI kriyA vAcaka kI kriyA se bhinna hai| vAcaka bodha karAne kI paryAya meM hotA hai aura vAcya jJeya paryAya meN| 2 jJAnArNava ke kartA ne ina sambandhoM ke prayoga meM jisa kuzalatA kA paricaya diyA hai, vaha adbhuta hai| unhoMne zabdoM ke cayana meM apanI pratibhA kA upayoga bhI kuzalatA se kiyA hai| jJAnArNava jaise vividha viSaya vAle tathA siddhAnta ke viSaya kI pracuratA ko avagAhita karane vAle grantha meM bhI bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA jisa sahaja evaM sarala rUpa meM huI hai, vaha anyatra kRcchrasAdhya hai| jJAnArNava ke eka-eka chandogata zabdoM meM isake nidarzana hote haiN| - marmajJa manISI aura santa bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie jina zabdoM kA tathA jisa taraha se prayoga karate haiM, usase una zabdoM meM jo svata: arthayojanA hotI hai vaha to hotI hI hai, kintu unameM atirikta kucha aura kaha pAne kI sAmarthya paidA ho jAtI hai| unake zabda 1. raghuvaMza, sarga 1, zloka 1. 2. sAhityadarpaNa, pari. 1 pR. 11. 36

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hRdayasparzI evaM prabhAvaka ho uThate haiN| unakI kathana paddhati hI isa taraha kI hotI hai| taba jJAna ke samudra ko avagAhita karane vAle AcArya zubhacandra kI zabdayojanA kA mUlyAMkana kara pAnA duSkara kArya hai| jabaki una-jaise kavi evaM siddhAntapAragAmI ke lie yaha saba svata:sphUrta thaa| unake dvArA prayukta zabda apane artha kI svayaM mUrti nirmita kara pAThaka aura zrotA ke samakSa upasthita ho jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jJAnArNava kA gadya bhAga ho yA padya, donoM ke arthAvabodha meM parizrama nahIM karanA hotaa| unake zabda prAJjala aura maJjala donoM hote haiM, jo ni:sandeha kAvya meM vaiziSTya kA nirmANa kara dete haiN| uparyukta kathana kI puSTi ke lie jJAnArNava meM pade-pade sandarbha upasthita haiM, kintu vistArabhaya ke kAraNa yahA~ mAtra eka hI sandarbha upasthita karanA caaheNge| vaha hai - saGgaiH kiM na viSAdyate vapuridaM kiM chidyate nAmayaiH mRtyuH kiM na vijRmbhate pratidinaM druhyanti kiM nApadaH / zvabhA: kiM na bhayAnakA:svapanavahogA na kiM vaJcakA: yena svArthamapAsya kinnarapurAkhye bhave te spRhA / / 1 / / ' arthAt he Atman ! isa saMsAra meM saMga kahie dhana-dhAnya, strI-kuTumbAdika ke milApa rUpa jo parigraha haiM, ve kyA tujhe viSAda rUpa nahIM karate ? tathA yaha zarIra hai, so rogoM ke dArA chinna rUpa vA pIr3ita nahIM kiyA jAtA hai ? tathA mRtyu kyA tujhe pratidina grasane ke lie mukha nahIM phAr3atI hai ? aura ApadAyeM kyA tujhase droha nahIM karatI haiM ? kyA tujhe naraka bhayAnaka nahIM dikhate ? aura ye bhoga haiM so kyA svapna ke samAna tujhe Thagane vAle (dhokhe dene vAle) nahIM haiM ? jisase ki tere indrajAla se race hue kinnarapura ke samAna isa asAra saMsAra meM icchA banI huI hai ? alaGkAra yojanA - AcArya zubhacandra tattvadraSTA evaM zAbdika pratibhA ke anupama dhanI the| ve yogatattva ko svayaM hI AtmasAt kara rahe the| ata: unakI zAbdika abhivyakti aisI manojJa, mRdula aura manohara rUpa lie ni:sRta hotI ki alaGkAramUlaka upAdAna to svayaM hI unake sAtha Akara jur3a jaate| isa viSaya meM eka sandarbha de denA ucita hogA / yathA - bhuvanAmbhojamArtaNDaM dhrmaamRtpyodhrm|| __ yogikalpataruM naumi devadevaM vRSadhvajam / / vRSa ke cihna ko dhAraNa karane vAlA jo devoM kA deva RSabha jinendra samasta lokarUpa kamala ko vikasita karane ke lie sUrya ke samAna hai, dharmarUpa amRta kI varSA karane ke lie megha ke samAna hai, tathA yogI janoM ke manoratha ko pUrNa karane ke lie kalpavRkSa ke samAna hai, use maiM namaskAra karatA huuN| 1. jainadarzana : manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 630-1. 2. jJAnArNava, 2/1. . 37

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isa sandarbha meM nimna abhiprAya dhyAna dene yogya hai - 'granthakAra ne bhAvAtmaka tattvoM kI mUrtarUpa meM abhivyaMjanA dene hetu jisa bhASA aura zailI kA prayoga kiyA hai usameM rUpaka tathA upamA jaise alaGkAra svayaM hI A upasthita hote haiN| rUpakoM kA to isa grantha meM vistRta, sundara aura manorama prayoga hai jise dekhakara hama unheM rUpakoM kA samrAT kaheM to atyukti nahIM hogii|'.. maGgalAcaraNagata zlokoM meM bhI rUpakoM kA jo atyanta sundara prayoga huA hai, vaha zlAghanIya hai| jJAnArNavakAra ne upamA kA bhI aneka sthAnoM para sundaratama evaM saphala prayoga kiyA hai jo ki prayatnasAdhya na hokara sahajatayA prayukta hai| rasodbhUti - mAnavacetanA vastuta: mAnava sambandhoM se nirmita hotI hai| jinake AdhAra para kalA, darzana, dharma tathA sAhitya kI sRSTi hotI hai| inhIM sambandhoM kI avasthAvizeSa ke anusAra mAnava kI vizvadRSTi nirmita hotI hai| vizvadRSTi sampanna kalAkAra kA kAvya mahattvapUrNa ho uThatA hai| AcAryazubhacandra kI kavitA, jise unhoMne mahAkAvyatva ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| yadyapi yaha viSayapradhAna grantha hai phira bhI kavitvapratibhA ke nidarzana kA avasarakaviko sahaja hI upalabdha hotArahA hai| jisake kAraNa isameM prayukta manorama zabdAvalIrucira evaM sarasa rUpa meM saMyojita hone se kAvyagata AkarSaNa evaM sugrAhyatA ko vikasita karatI hai| yadyapi isameM sabhI prakAra ke rasoM kI yojanA hai, kintu pradhAna rUpa se zAnta rasa mukharita hotA hai| jaisA kiDaoN.darzanalatA kA mata hai _ 'AcArya zubhacandra ke grantha kA lakSya bahirAtma bhAva se antarAtma bhAva ko prApta karate hue paramAtma bhAva meM adhiSThita honA hai| ata: sahaja hI yaha zAnta ssa se jur3a jAtA hai| kathAnaka meM vaiyaktika caritra kA Alambana na hote hue bhI granthakAra ne pratipAdya viSaya ko nirvedasaMpRkta bhAvoM ke sAtha bar3e hI kauzala se upasthita kiyA hai| ..... zAnta rasa ne usameM saMpRkta hokara use adhyAtma mandAkinI kA rUpa pradAna kara diyA hai|' vividha viSayagata prasaGgoM meM vividha rasoM kI chaTA dRSTavya hai| pAThaka racanA kA AsvAda karate hue nizcayata: saMvega aura nirveda kA anubhava karatA hai| kabhI-kabhI to granthase itanA adhika jur3a jAtA hai ki apane ko dRSTa saMsArase Upara anubhUta karatA hai aura yahI sArthakatA granthakAra ke zrama ko apekSita hotI hai, jise jJAnArNavakArane pA liyA hai| jJAnArNava kI TIkAyeM evaM TIkAkAra - adhyAtmayoga ke isa grantha jJAnArNava kA sarvaprathama prakAzana jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura se san 1977 meM huA thaa| isameM mUla zlokoM ke sAtha saMskRta kI TIkA bhI 1. jJAnArNava, 1/2. 2. jJAnArNava : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 119. 38

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hai| isa TIkA ke kartA paM. nayavilAsa haiN| TIkA khaNDAnvaya zailI kI hai| jahA~ TIkAkAra ne zlokoM kA padaccheda karate hue unakA artha kiyA hai, vahA~ usameM TIkA-jaisI gaharAI yA viSaya spaSTIkAraNa kI bAta nahIM hai| paM. nayavilAsa jI AgarA ke nivAsI the| Apa suprasiddha adhyAtmavettA paM. rAjamalla ke samakAlIna vidvAnoM meM se eka haiN| prazasti se vidita hotA hai ki Apane yaha TIkA sAhU ToDara ke putra RSidAsa ke anurodha para nirmita kI hai| jisakA nirmANa jalAluddIna akabara ke kAla meM hue kRSNa nAmaka kSatriya rAjA ke samaya huaa| isI rAjA kA maMtrI sAhU ToDara thaa| __ jaisA ki paM. nAthUrAma premI ne likhA hai ki 'jJAnArNava kI eka do saMskRta TIkAe~ sunI haiM parantu abhI taka dekhane meM nahIM aaiiN| kevala isake gadyabhAga kI eka choTI sI TIkA zrIzrutasAgarasUrikRta prApta huI hai| ise DaoN. darzanalatA ne TIkA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA hai| jaisA ki ve likhatI haiM - .... usa gadya bhAga para zrutasAgarasUri nAmaka vidAn ne saMskRta meM tattvatraya prakAzinI nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI hai|' kintu isa sandarbha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki isako TIkA ke bajAya TippaNa kahanA adhika ucita hogaa| yaha kiJcit aMzamAtra ko spaSTa karane vAlI hone se TippaNa hI hai| isake kartA zrutasAgarasUri haiM, jo 16 vIM sadI ke vidvAn haiN| TippaNa ke anta se jJAta hotA hai ki isakI racanA AcArya siMhanandI ke anurodha para tathA guru vidyAnandI ke prasAda se sampanna hii| zrutasAgarasUri jainadharma evaM saMskRti ke marmajJa vidAna the| unase yaha apekSA honA ucita thI ki ve jJAnArNava para sampUrNa TIkA kI racanA karate / jaisA ki unhoMne SaTprAbhRta, tattvArthasUtra evaM sahasranAma Adi para kI hai| jhAlarApATana rAjasthAna ke zrI zAntinAthA digambara jaina maMdira ke prAcIna zAstra bhaNDAra kI grantha sUcI meM siMhanandI vdArA racita eka anya jJAnArNava grantha para saMskRta TIkA ullekha prApta huA hai| abhI yaha TIkA anveSaNIya hai| 1. jJAnArNava : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 120. 2. nAmnA kRSNa iti prasiddhirabhavat satkSAtradharmonnatestanmantrIzvara ToDaro guNayuta: srvaadhikaarodyt:| zrImattoDarasAhaputra nipuNa: saddAnacintAmaNiH, zrImacchra RSidAsa dharmanipuNaH prAptonnati: svshriyaa|| tenAhaM samavADhI vADhinipaNo nyaayaadyliilaahyH| zrotuMvRttimata: paraM suviSayAM jJAnArNavasya sphuTam / / pIThikA, 6/7. 3. jJAnArNava, prastAvanA, pR. 18. 4. jJAnArNava : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 112. 39

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hindI TIkAoM meM labdhivinayagaNi kI TIkA sarvAdhika prAcIna hai, jo ki vikrama saMvat 1728 meM huI thii| yaha padyamaya hai| dUsarI hindI TIkA paM. jayacanda chAbar3A kI hai| yaha vacanikA DhUMDhArI bhASA meM hai| isakA hI hindI rUpAntaraNa paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla ne kiyA hai, jo paM. nAthUrAma premI ke sampAdakatva meM prakAzita huI hai| jJAnArNava para devacanda jI kA rAjasthAnI bhASA meM padyAnuvAda upalabdha hai| jisakA nAma dhyAnadIpikA caupAI hai jo DhAlabaddha hai| jisakI racanA saMvat 1766 vaizAkha vadI 13 ravivAra ko multAna meM kI gaI hai|' hindI kI anya TIkAoM meM kSu. manoharalAla jI varNI ke dvArA pradatta jJAnArNava pravacana 21 bhAgoM meM vizada vyAkhyA ke sAtha prakAzita haiN| sAtha hI sAdhvI DaoN. darzanalatA ke dvArA likhita 'jJAnArNava : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' zodhaprabandha bhI upalabdha hai| jJAnArNava para subodha candrikA nAmaka padyamaya racanA bhI prakAzita huI hai, jisake racayitA sAgaracandra bar3ajAtyA haiN| isakA prakAzana gvAliyara se huA hai| jJAnArNava ke prathama evaM dvitIya sarga kA padyAnuvAda diga. muni zrI mArdavasAgara jI ke dArAvI. ni. 2515 meM asoja mAsa kI aSTamI ko zrI digambara jaina siddhakSetra, kuNDalapura meM sampanna kiyA gyaa| jisakI racanA vividha chandoM meM huI hai| yaha abhI aprakAzita hai| Apa digambara jainAcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke ziSya haiN| isake atirikta kisI anya TIkAoM kI na to jAnakArI hai aura nA hI kahIM koI sandarbha upalabdha hote haiN| samaya nirdhAraNa - AcArya zubhacandra kA samaya nirdhAraNa karate hue jainasiddhAnta ke marmajJa vidvAn paM. bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI ne aneka granthoM ke uddharaNa dete hue unheM somadevasUri se paravartI evaM AcArya prabhAcandra ke pUrvavartI mAnA hai| jaisA ki unakA vaktavya hai - "prastuta grantha ke racayitA AcArya zubhacandra ne isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ko racakara apanA kahIM koI paricaya nahIM diyaa| yaha unakI nirabhimAnatA kA dyotaka hai| isa abhiprAya ko unhoMne svayaM vyakta bhI kara diyA hai| jise kevala ziSTatA na samajhakara unakI Antarika bhAvanA hI samajhanA caahie| grantha ke parizIlana se yaha to jJAta ho hI jAtA hai ki siddhAnta ke marmajJa AcArya zubhacandra bahuzruta vidvAn evaM pratibhAsampanna kavi bhI rahe haiN| grantha kI bhASA sarasa, sarala va subodha hai| kavitA madhura va AkarSaka hai| grantha meM jo aneka viSayoM ke sAtha itara sampradAyoM kI bhI carcA va samIkSA kI gaI hai usI se unakI bahuzrutatA kA patA laga jAtA hai| unake 1. jJAnArNava : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 113. 2. jinavANI (dhyAna-yoga : rUpa aura darzana), pR. 237. 40

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samaya meM jo bhI yogaviSayaka sAhitya pracalita rahA hai usakA unhoMne gambhIratApUrNa adhyayana kiyA hai tathA apanI isa kRti meM usakA samucita upayoga bhI kiyA hai| isake udAharaNa prANAyAma, piNDastha, padastha Adi dhyAnoM ke vistRta varNana meM pAe jAte haiN| granthakAra ke samaya kA vicAra karane ke lie yaha dekhanA hogA ki unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA meM pUrvavartI kina granthoM kA Azraya liyA hai| prastuta grantha kI racanA meM unhoMne AcArya pUjyapAda (vi. 5-6 vIM zatI) viracita samAdhitantra va iSTopadeza, bhaTTAkalaGkadeva (8vIM zatI) viracita tattvArthavArtika, AcArya jinasena (9 vIM zatI) viracita AdipurANa (21 vA~ parva), amRtacandrasUri (10 vIM zatI) viracita puruSArthasiddhayupAya, rAmasenAcArya (10 vIM zatI) viracita tattvAnuzAsana, somadevasUri (11 vIM zatI) viracita upAsakAdhyayana tathA AcArya amitagati (prathama)(10-11 vIM zatI) viracita yogasAraprAbhRta Adi granthoM kA Azraya liyA hai| inake atirikta amitagati zrAvakAcAra ke kartA AcArya amitagati (dvitIya) bhI yadi AcArya zubhacandra ke pUrvavartI yA samakAlIna ho sakate haiM to sambhava hai unake zrAvakAcAra kA bhI unhoMne prastuta grantha kI racanA meM upayoga kiyA ho| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jJAnArNava meM jina piNDastha, padastha Adi dhyAnoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| unakA vizeSa varNana amitagati zrAvakAcAra ke 15veM pariccheda meM upalabdha hotA hai| para varNanazailI donoM kI kucha bhinna pratIta hotI hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke paravartI paM. AzAdhara (13 vIM zatI) ne apanI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI gAthA 1887 kI TIkA meM uktaM ca jJAnArNave vistareNa' aisA kahakara jJAnArNava ke krama se 2186-7, 2189-91, 2193-4 zlokoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| paM. AzAdhara ke pUrvavartI padmaprabha maladhArIdeva (13 vIM zatI) ne niyamasAra gAthA 39 kI TIkA meM tathA coktaM' kahakara nimna padya ko uddhRta kiyA hai jo jJAnArNava meM 2144 saMkhyA para upalabdha hai - niSkriya karaNAtItaM dhyAna-dhAraNavarjitama / antarmukhaM ca yaccittaM tacchuklamiti paThyate / / niyamasAra kI TIkA meM dhAraNa' ke sthAna para 'dhyeya' aura 'iti paThyate' ke sthAna para 'yogino viduH' itanA pATha bheda hai| para yaha zloka svayaM jJAnArNavakAra ke vdArA racA gayA nahIM dikhtaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki usake pUrva meM jJAnArNava kI anya pratiyoM meM yadyapi 'uktaM ca' aisI sUcanA nahIM upalabdha hotI hai, para usakI prAcInatama pATaNa prati meM 'uktaM ca' aisA nirdeza usake pUrva meM kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha nizcita nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ukta zloka jJAnArNava se hI niyamasAra kI ukta TIkA meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| sambhava 1. jJAnArNava, prastAvanA, pR.17.

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hai vaha jJAnArNava se pUrva anya kisI prAcIna grantha meM bhI rahA ho| AcArya prabhAcandra (11-12 vIM zatI) ne ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra ke zloka 524 kI TIkA meM kSetraM vAstu dhanaM' Adi eka zloka ko udadhRta kiyA hai| yaha zloka 'vAstukSetraM' jaise kucha sAdhAraNa zabdabheda ke sAtha jJAnArNava meM 822 nambara para pAyA jAtA hai| ina pramANoM se AcArya zubhacandra somadevasUri aura AcArya prabhAcandra ke madhyavartI siddha hote haiN| somadevasUri ke paravartI tathA 11 vIM zatI meM hI AcArya zubhacandra ke kAla ko anumAnita karane vAle evaM jaina itihAsa para prAmANika evaM paripUrNa sAmagrI prastuta karane vAle DaoN nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya kA nimna sandarbha bhI dRSTavya hai| jo ki unhoMne jJAnArNava kI dUsarI prati evaM paM. nAthUrAma premI ke mata ke AdhAra para vyakta kiyA hai - "nRpurI meM arahantaM bhagavAn ke caraNakamaloM kA bhramara, sajjanoM ke hRdaya ko Ananda dene vAlA, mAthura saMgha rupa samudra ko ullasita karane vAlA bhavyAtmA zrInemacandranAmaka paramazrAvaka huA, jisakI patnI kA nAma svarNA thA, jo akhila vijJAna-kalAoM meM kuzala satI, pAtivratyAdi guNoM se bhUSita aura parama zIlavatI thii| dharma, artha aura kAma ko sevana karane vAle ina donoM ke jAhiNI nAmaka putrI huI, jo apane kula rupa kumudavana kI candrarekhA, nija vaMza kI vaijayantI aura sarva lakSaNoM se suzobhita thii| ___ isake pazcAt isa dampatti ke rAma aura lakSmaNa ke samAna gokarNa aura zrIcandra nAma do sundara guNI aura bhavya putra utpanna hue| anantara nemicandra kI vaha putrI jAhiNI saMsAra kI vicitratA aura narajanma kI niSphalatA ko jAnakara Atmazuddhi ke lie prerita huii| usane muniyoM ke caraNoM ke nikaTa AryikA ke vrata grahaNa kara lie aura mana kI zuddhi se akhaNDita ratnatraya ko svIkAra kiyA / usa viraktA ne yuvAvasthA meM aisA kaThina tapazcaraNa kiyA, jisase sabhI usakI prazaMsA karane lge| isa jAhiNI.AryikA ne karmoM ke kSaya ke lie yaha jJAnArNava nAmaka pustaka dhyAna-adhyayanazAlI, tapa aura zAstra ke nidhAna. tattvoM ke jJAtA aura rAgAdi ripaoM ke parAjita karane vAle malla jaise zabhacandra yogI ko likhAkara dii| vaizAkha sudI dazamI zukravAra vi. saM. 1284 ko gomaNDala (kAThiyAvAr3a) meM digambara rAjakula (bhaTTAraka) sahasrakIrti ke lie paM. kesarI ke putra bIsana ne eka prazasti likhii| prazasti ke adhyayana se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki isa grantha meM lipikartAoM kI do prazastiyA~ haiN| prathama prazasti meM to lipikartA kA nAma aura lipi karane kA samaya nahIM diyA hai| kevala lipi karAne vAlI jAhiNI kA paricaya aura jinheM prati bheMTa kI gaI hai, 1. jJAnArNava, (solApura) prastAvanA, pR. 17-9. 42

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unakA mAma diyA hai| zrI premI jI kA anumAna hai ki AryikA jAhiNI ne jisa lekhaka se ukta prati likhAI hogI usakA nAma aura samaya bhI anta meM avazya diyA gayA hogaa| parantu dUsare lekhaka ne ukta pahalI prati kA vaha aMza anAvazyaka samajhakara chor3a diyA hogA aura apanA nAma evaM samaya anta meM jor3a diyA hogaa| isa dasarI prati ke lekhaka paNDita kesarI ke putra bIsala haiM aura unhoMne gomaNDala meM sahasrakIrti ke lie ise likhA thA, jabaki pahalI prati nRpurI meM zubhacandra yogI ke lie likhAkara dI gaI thii| dUsarI prati kA lekhanakAla vi. 1284 hai, taba pahalI prati kA isase pahale lekhanakAla rahA hogaa| zrI premI jI ne yaha bhI niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki prati kA lekhana sthAna nRpurI gvAliyara kA naravara sambhava hai / nRpura se narapura, narapura se naraura aura naraura se naravara kA honA sambhava hai| ata: pATaNa kI isa prati ke AdhAra para jJAnArNava kI racanA vi. saM. 1284 ke pUrva avazya huI hai| ataeva somadeva ke pazcAt aura hemacandra ke pUrva zubhacandra kA samaya honA caahie| isa mata kA samarthana DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina bhI spaSTa rUpa se karate haiM - 'zubhacandra aura hemacandra ke kAla kI dRSTi se pUrvAparatva aura eka para dUsare kI chApa itanI suspaSTa hai ki hemacandra ko zubhacandra kA isa viSaya meM RNI na mAnane kA koI avakAza hI nhiiN|' . muMja aura zubhacandra - paramAravaMzAvataMsa mahArAja muMjarAja kA samaya zodhane meM hamako kucha bhI kaThinAI nahIM hotii| kyoMki dharmaparIkSA zrAvakAcAra, subhASitaratnasaMdoha Adi granthoM ke suprasiddha racayitA AcArya amitagati unhIM ke samaya meM hue haiN| subhASitaratnasaMdoha kI prazasti meM likhA hai - - arthAt vikrama rAjA ke svargagamana ke 1050 varSa ke pazcAta arthAt vikrama saMvat 1050 (IsvI san 994) meM pauSa zuklA paMcamI ko muMjarAjA kI pRthvI para vidAnoM ke lie yaha pavitra grantha banAyA gayA thA, isalie muMja kA rAjyakAla vikrama saMvat 1050 mAna lene meM kisI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM raha sktaa| isake sivAya zrImerutuMgasUri ne bhI apane prabandhacintAmaNi grantha meM, jo ki vikrama saMvat 1361 (IsvI san 1305) meM racA gayA hai, isa samaya ko zaMkArahita kara diyA hai| prabandhacintAmaNi meM likhA hai - vikrmaadaasraadssttmunivyomendsmmite| varSe muapade bhojabhUpa paTTe nivezitaH / / arthAt vi. saM. 1078 (I. san 1022) meM rAjA muMja ke siMhAsana para mahArAja 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pR. 152-3. 2. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR. 122. 43

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bhoja baitthe| arthAt amitagatisUri ke likhe hue saMvat 1050 se 1078 taka muMja mahArAja kA rAjya rahA, pazcAt bhoja ko rAjatilaka huaa| aura vizvabhUSaNasUri ke kathAnaka ke anusAra yahI samaya zrIzubhacandrAcArya kA thaa| hemacandra ke yogazAstra para jJAnArNava kA paryApta prabhAva dikhalAI par3atA hai| kaI padya to prAya: jyoM-ke-tyoM milate-julate haiM, do cAra zabdoM meM hI bhinnatA hai| ataeva hamArA anumAna hai ki zubhacandra kA samaya vi.saM. kI 11 vIM zatI honA caahie| isase bhojana aura muMja kI samakAlInatA bhI sughaTita ho jAtI hai|'' ____ bhoja aura zubhacandra - muMja kA samaya niNIta hojAne para bhoja ke samaya ke viSaya meM kucha bhI zaMkA nahIM rhtii| kyoMki muMja ke siMhAsana ke uttarAdhikArI mahArAja bhoja hI hue the| ataeva prabandhacintAmaNi ke AdhArase saMvat 1078 kepazcAt bhoja kArAjyakAla samajhanA caahie| anekapAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA bhI yahI mata hai ki IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha . meM rAjA bhojajIvita the| bhojarAja kA diyA huA eka dAnapatra epigrAphikA iMDikA ke tIsare bhAga meM chapA hai, jo vikrama saM. 1078 (I. 1022) meM likhA gayA thaa| usase bhI bhojarAja kA samaya IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha nizcita hotA hai| bRhada dravyasaMgraha kI saMskRta TIkA kI prastAvanA meM zrI brahmadevasUri ke eka ullekha se vidita hotA hai ki bhojadeva ke samaya meM hI zrInemicandra siddhAntIdeva hue haiN| jisakA sArAMza hai ki mAlavadeza dhArAnagarI ke kalikAlacakravarti rAjA bhojadeva ke sambandhI, maNDalezvara rAjA zrIpAla ke rAjyAntargata AzramanAmaka nagara ke munisuvrata bhagavAn ke caityAlaya meM soma rAjazreSThI ke nimitta zrI nemicandra saiddhAntika deva ne dravyasaMgraha grantha banAyA thaa| isase nemicandra aura bhoja kI samakAlInatA prakaTa hotI hai| isI prasaMga se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya zubhacandra evaM bhojarAja bhAI-bhAI the| inameM zubhacandra agraja the aura bhojarAja anuja / bhartRhari aura zubhacandra - bhartRhari kA nAma sunate hI zatakatraya ke kartA rAjarSi bhartRhari kA smaraNa ho AtA hai aura AcArya vizvabhUSaNa kI kathA kA Azaya prAya: inhIM kI ora jhukatA hai| parantu zubhacandra ke samaya se bhartRhari kA samaya milAne meM bar3I-bar3I jhaMjhaTe haiN| sabase pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki prasiddhi ke anusAra bhartRhari vikramAditya ke bar3e bhAI haiM aura vizvabhUSaNa unheM bhoja kA bhAI batalAte haiN| jamIna-AsamAnajJajaisA antara donoM meM hai| kyoMki bhoja IsA kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue haiM aura vikramAditya saMvat ke prArambha meM arthAt IsA.se 57 varSa pahale hue haiN| loka meM jo kiMvadantiyA~ prasiddha haiM aura 1. jJAnArNava, (agAsa) prastAvanA, pR. 12-3. 2. jJAnArNava, (agAsa) prastAvanA, pR. 13. 44

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bhartRhari sambandhI do-eka kathAgrantha haiM, unase jAnA jAtA hai ki bhartRhari vikrama ke jyeSTha bhrAtA the| unhoMne bahuta samaya taka rAjya kiyA hai / eka bAra apanI priyatamA strI kA duzcaritra dekhakara ve saMsAra se virakta hokara yogI ho gae the| strI ke viSaya meM usa samaya unhoMne yaha zloka racA thA - yAM cintayAmi satataM mayi sA viraktA, sApyanyamicchati janaM sa jano'nya sktH| asmatkRte ca parituSyati kAcidanyA, dhika tAM ca taM ca madanaM ca imAM ca mAM ca / / ' yadyapi itihAsa meM vikrama nAma ke kaI rAjA ho gae haiM, usI prakAra bhartRharibhI kaI ho gae haiN| eka bhartRhariko vAkyapadIya tathA rAhatakAvya kA kartA ginA jAtA hai| kisI ke mata meM zatakatraya aura vAkyapadIya donoM kA karttA eka hai| isiMga nAma kA eka cInIyAtrI bhArata meM IsA kIsAtavIM sadI meM AyA thaa| usane bhartRhari kI mRtyu san 650 IsvI meM likhI hai| ina saba bAtoM se yaha kucha bhI nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA ki zubhacandrAcArya ke bhAI bhartRhari uparyukta donoM-tInoM meM se kauna haiN| athavA koI pRthak hI haiN| vidvAn granthakAra vidyAvAcaspati ne tattvabindu grantha meM bhartRhari ko dharmabAhya likhA hai| aura uparilikhita bhartRhari vaidikadharma ke anuyAyI mAne jAte haiN| isalie Azcarya nahIM ki isa dharmabAhya se jaina kA hI tAtparya ho aura zubhacandra ke bhAI bhartRhari ko hI yaha dharmabAhya saMjJA dI gaI ho| kyoMki unhoMne jainadharma kI dIkSA le lI thii| zatakatraya ke aneka zloka aise haiM, jinameM jainadharma ke abhiprAya spaSTa vyakta hote haiN| isa sandarbha para yaha kaha denA Avazyaka hogA ki AcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava aura bhartRhari ke vairAgyazataka ke aneka prasaMga bhAva aura zabda kI dRSTi se sAmya rakhate haiM kintu ina donoM ke bIca meM jo aitihAsika antara Upara dikhAyA gayA hai, usake anusAra vizleSaNa karane para donoM kI samIpatA kiJcit bhI nahIM sadha pAtI / yadyapi bhartRhari kA jhukAva bhI tyAga aura vairAgya kI ora dikhAI detA hai, jisase donoM kI racanAoM meM zAbdika aura bhAvAtmaka samAnatA hai, lekina Aja bhI donoM kI kAlasImA anizcita hI hai| isI prakAra AcArya mAnatuMga ne bhaktAmara stotra kI racanA kii| jisake sambandha meM eka kathA pracalita hai| usake anusAra AcArya zubhacandra kA mAnatuMga, kAlidAsa Adi ke samasAmayika honA prakaTa hotA hai| kintu kAlidAsa ke sAtha zubhacanda kI samasAmayikatA mAtra itanI hI sadha sakatI hai ki bhoja ke samaya meM kAlidAsa nAmaka koI viziSTa 1. vairAgyazataka 2. 2. jJAnArNava, (agAsa) prastAvanA pR. 14-5. 45

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kavi the| sAtha hI, yaha nAma alaMkAropeta upAdhi rUpa meM prayukta hone kAraNa bhI bhramakAraka bana gayA hai| isa prakAra hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki AcArya zubhacandra kA samaya 10-11 vIM IsvI zatAbdI ke madhya rahA hai| una aitihAsika pramANoM ke anusaMdhitsuoM ko aba bhI pratIkSA hai ki ina mahAn AcAryoM kI samayAvadhi ko yathArthata: rekhAMkita kara skeN| itihAsa ke Aloka meM AcArya zubhacanda itihAsa kabhI bhI kevala atIta kI ghaTanA mAtra nahIM hotA, unameM bhaviSya kI saMbhAvanAeM bhI bIja rUpa meM dekhI jAtI haiN| vartamAna ina saMbhAvanAoM kA hI vyakta rUpa hotA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne jIvana aura jagat kI vAstavikatA ko pahacAnA thaa| unakA yugabodha aura Atmabodha donoM atyanta sUkSma, tattvapUrNa aura vistRta thaa| unhoMne jo bhI. upadeza die haiM ve dUsaroM ke lie nahIM apitu unake apane jIvana kI sArabhUta anubhUtiyA~ haiN| jo usa samaya bhI upAdeya thI aura unakA mUlya Ana bhI kama nhiiN| para RSi-muniyoM ne saMskRti ke kSetra meM apanA amUlya yogadAna dene ke bAbajUda bhI kabhI nAma kI AkAMkSA nahIM kii| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake granthoM va racanA Adi meM unakA nAma nahIM miltaa| lokaiSaNA se dUra unake Adarza mAtra karttavyanirvAha ko hI mahattva dete the| Aja jahA~ vyakti marane ke bAda bhI jIne ke lie pattharoM kA sahArA lene baicena hai| unhoMne to jIte jI apane ko benAma rakhakara jaise amaratva kA rasa liyaa| loka-kalyANArtha unakI sevAe~ cirantana haiM, isalie Aja jaba itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM unakA avalokana karanA cAhate haiM taba aneka prAntiyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| taba aise meM racanAkAra kA samaya nirdhAraNa, sAmAjika aura dezIya sthiti meM paricaya prApta karanA duSkara kArya hotA hai| jIvana-paricaya - zrIvizvabhUSaNa AcArya dvArA nirmita bhaktAmara caritra nAmaka saMskRta kathA grantha meM AcArya zubhacandra aura bhartRhari ke viSaya meM eka kathA dI gaI hai, jo avikala nimnAnusAra hai "AcArya zubhacandra tathA bhartRhari ujjayinI ke rAjA sindhula ke putra the aura sindhula ke paidA hone ke pahale unake pitA siMha ne muMja ko eka mUMja ke kheta meM par3e hue pAkara use pAla liyA thaa| siMha ko bahuta dinoM taka santAna na huI, jisase vaha cintita rahane lgaa| eka dina mantrI ne rAjA kI cintA ko avagata kara use dharmArAdhana karane kA parAmarza diyaa| rAjA sAvadhAna hokara dharmakRtyoM ko sampanna karane lgaa| eka dina vaha rAnI aura mantriyoM ke sAtha vana-krIr3A ke lie gayA aura vahA~ gUMja ke kheta meM par3e hue eka bAlaka ko paayaa| usa bAlaka ko dekhate hI rAjA ke hRdaya meM prema kA 46

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saMcAra huA aura usane uThA liyA tathA lAkara rAnI ko de diyA rAnI usa putra ko goda meM baiThAkara atyadhika prasanna huii| mantrI ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA ki nagara meM calakara rAnI ko gUDhagarbhavatI ghoSita kiyA jAe aura putrotsava manAyA jAe / mantrI kI sammati ke anusAra rAjA ne putrotsava sampanna kiyaa| siMha ne usa putra kA nAma muMja rkhaa| muMja ne vayaska hokara thor3e hI dinoM meM sakala zAstra aura kalAoM kA adhyayana kara liyaa.| tadanantara mahArAja ne ratnAvalI nAmaka kanyA ke sAtha usakA vivAha kara diyaa| kucha dinoM ke anantara mahArAja siMha kI rAnI ne garbha dhAraNa kiyA aura dazaveM mAha meM eka putra ko janma diyA, jisakA nAma siMhala (sindhurAja) rakhA gyaa| isa putra kA bhI janmotsava sampanna kiyA gayA tathA vayaska hone para mRgAvatI nAmaka kanyA se vivAha kara diyA gyaa| mRgAvatI kucha dinoM meM garbhavatI huii| zubha muhUrta meM usane do putroM ko janma diyA, jinameM jyeSTha kA nAma zubhacandra aura kaniSTha kA nAma bhartRhari rakhA gyaa| bacapana se hI ina bAlakoM kA citta tattvajJAna kI ora vizeSa rUpa se AkRSTa thaa| ataeva vaya prApta hone para tattvajJAna meM acchI yogyatA prApta kara lii| eka dina meghoM ke paTala ko parivartita hote hue dekhakara siMha ko vairAgya ho gayA aura usane muMja evaM siMhala ko rAjanIti sambandhI zikSA dekara jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lii| rAjA muMja apane bhAI ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka rAjya karane lgaa| eka dina muMja vanakrIr3A se lauTa rahA thA ki usane mArga meM eka telI ko kandhe para kudAla rakhe hue khar3e dekhA, use garvonmatta dekhakara muMja ne pUchA - isa taraha kyoM khar3e ho ? usane kahA - maiMne eka apUrva vidyA siddha kI hai, jisake prabhAva se mujhameM itanI zakti hai ki mujhe koI parAsta nahIM kara sktaa| yadi Apako vizvAsa na ho, to apane kisI sAmanta ko mere isa lauhadaNDa ko ukhAr3ane kA Adeza diijie| itanA kahakara usane lauhadaNDa bhUmi meM gAr3a diyaa| saMketa pAte hI sabhI sAmanta usa lauhadaNDa ko ukhAr3ane meM pravRtta hue, para kisI ne usa lauhadaNDa ko ukhAr3ane meM saphalatA prApta nahIM kii| sAmantoM kI isa asamarthatA ko dekhakara zubhacandra aura bhartRhari ne muMja se nivedana kiyA, ki yadi Adeza ho to hama donoM isa lauhadaNDa ko ukhAr3a sakate haiN| muMja ne una donoM bAlakoM ko samajhAyA, para jaba adhika Agraha dekhA to usane lauhadaNDa ukhAr3ane kA Adeza de diyaa| una donoM bAlakoM ne coTI ke bAloM kA phandA lagAkara dekhate-dekhate eka hI jhaTake meM lauhadaNDa ko nikAla pheNkaa| cAroM ora se dhanya-dhanya kI dhvani gUMja uThI / tailI nirmada hokara apane ghara calA gyaa| bAlakoM ke isa apUrva bala ko dekhakara muMja Azcaryacakita ho gayA aura vaha socane lagA ki ye bAlaka apUrva zaktizAlI haiM aura jaba ye bar3e ho jAeMge, to kisI bhI kSaNa mujhe rAjyasiMhAsana se cyuta kara deMge, ataeva inako kisI upAya se mRtyu ke mukha meM pahu~cA denA hI rAjanItijJatA hai| usane mantrI ko bulAkara apane vicAra prakaTa kiye aura kahA ki zIghra hI ina donoM kA vadha ho jAnA caahie| mantrI ne rAjA ko pUrNatayA samajhAne kA prayAsa

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kiyA, para muMja ko mantrI kI bAteM acchI nahIM lgiiN| phalata: mantrI rAjAjJA svIkAra kara / calA gyaa| mantrI ne ekAnta meM baiThakara UhApoha kiyaa| aura anta meM vaha isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA ki kumAroM ko isa samAcAra se avagata karA denA cAhie, anyathA bar3A bhArI anartha ho jaaegaa| usane zubhacandra aura bhartRhari ko ekAnta meM bulAyA aura rAjA ke nindya vicAra kaha sunAe / sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA ki Apa loga ujjayinI chor3akara cale jAie anyathA prANarakSA nahIM ho skegii| rAjakumAra apane pitA siMhala ke pAsa gae aura rAjA muMja kI gupta mantraNA prakaTa kara dii| siMhala ko muMja kI nIcatA para bar3A krodha AyA aura usane putroM se kahA muMja dvArA SaDyantra pUrA karane ke pahale hI tuma use yamarAja ke yahA~ pahu~cA do| kumAroM ne bahuta vicAra kiyA aura ve saMsAra se virakta ho vana kI ora cale ge| mahAmati zubhacandra ne kisI vana meM jAkara jaina munirAja ke samakSa daigambarI dIkSA . dhAraNa kara lI aura teraha prakAra ke cAritra kA pAlana karate hue ghora tapazcaraNa karane lge| para bhartRhari eka kaula tapasvI ke nikaTa jAkara usakI sevA meM saMlagna ho gyaa| usane jaTAe~ baDhAlIM. tana meM bhasma lagA lI.kamaNDala. cimaTA lekara kandamala bhakSaNa DhArA uDhara poSaNa karane lgaa| bAraha varSa taka bhartRhari ne aneka vidyAoM kI sAdhanA kii| usane yogI dArA zatavidyA aura rasatumbI prApta kii| isa rasa ke saMsarga se tA~bA suvarNa ho jAtA thaa| bhartRhari ne svatantra sthAna meM rasa tumbI ke prabhAva se apanA mahattva prakaTa kiyaa| eka dina bhartRhari ko cintA huI ki usakA bhAI zubhacandra kisa sthiti meM hai| ata: usane apane eka ziSya ko usakA samAcAra jAnane ke lie bhejaa| ziSya jaMgaloM meM ghUmatA huA usa sthAna para AyA, jahA~ zubhacandra tapasyA kara rahe the / dekhA ki unake zarIra para aMgula bhara bhI vastra nahIM hai aura na picchI-kamaNDalu ke atirikta anya kucha bhI parigraha hI hai| ziSya do dina nivAsa kara vahA~ se lauTa AyA aura bhartRhari ko samasta samAcAra Akara sunA diyaa| bhartRhari ne apanI tumbI kA AdhA rasa dUsarI tumbI meM nikAlakara ziSya ko diyA aura kahA ki ise le jAkara zubhacandra ko de Ao, jisase usakI daridratA dUra ho jAe aura vaha sukhapUrvaka apanA jIvana-yApana kre| jaba ziSya rasatumbI lekara munirAja zubhacandra ke samakSa pahu~cA, to unhoMne use patthara kI zilA para DalavA diyaa| ziSya ne vApasa lauTakara bhartRhari ko rasatumbI kI ghaTanA sunAI, to ve svayaM bhAI kI mamatAvaza zeSa rasatumbI ko lekara zubhacandra ke nikaTa aae| zubhacandra ne zeSa rasa ko bhI pASANa zilA para DalavA diyA, jisase bhartRhari ko bahuta duHkha huaa| zubhacandra ne bhartRhari ko samajhAte hae kahA - AI yadi sonA banAnA hI abhISTa thA. to kyoM ghara choDA. ghara meM kyA sonA-cA~dI, maNi-mANikya kI kamI thii| ina vastuoM kI prApti to gRhasthI meM sulabha thii| ata: sAMsArika vastuoM kI prApti ke lie itanA prayAsa karanA vyartha hai| 48

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. zubhacandra ke upadeza se bhartRhari bhI dIkSita ho gyaa| bhartRhari ko munimArga meM dRr3ha karane aura sacce yoga kA jJAna karAne ke lie zubhacandra ne yogapradIpa athavA jJAnArNava kI racanA kii| ___AcArya zubhacandra ke jIvanavRtta ke viSaya meM uparyukta kathAnaka ke atirikta aura koI aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hotI / kathA kA uttarArdha kAlidAsa, vararuci, dhanaMjaya aura mAnatuMgasUri kI samakAlInatA ko bhI dikhalAtA hai| kintu ina sabakI prAcInatA evaM tathyAtmakatA kA parIkSaNa honA abhI avaziSTa hai| uparyukta kathA se itanA to jAnA hI jAtA hai ki bhartRhari, bhoja, zubhacandra aura muMja samakAlIna puruSa the| isake sivAya bhaktAmara stotra ke banane kI eka kathA se, jisakA ki isase ghaniSTha sambandha hai, yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki mAnatuMga, kAlidAsa, vararuci aura dhanaMjaya bhI zubhacandra ke samasAmayika haiN| kintu inakI tathyatA para avazya sandehAtmaka cihna lagA huA hai| zodha kI dRSTi se mahattva - cintana kA vaividhya koI Aja kI bAta nahIM hai vaha to zAzvata tattva hai jo anAdi kAla se calI A rahA hai| cintanadhArA ke vizleSaNa para jaba utareM to pAe~ge ki dharma, darzana, adhyAtma kA vikAsa usake antargata hone vAle sAttvika mAnavIya uddelanoM kA pariNAma hai| cU~ki Aja vyakti bhautikatA kI ApAdhApI meM apane mana kI sAttvika vRttiyoM ko - bhUlatA jA rahA hai| isalie zAnti aura sukha kI lakIreM inake hRdaya meM dhUmila ho rahI haiN| taba AvazyakatA hotI hai ki kisI aise mArgadarzana kI jo dizA de mAnava ko usakI apanI maMjila prApti kii| 'jJAnArNava' grantha meM AcArya zubhacandra ne mAnava mana kI anta:vRttiyoM ko vizleSita kiyA hai| kyoMki antardRSTi taba taka paidA nahIM ho sakatI, jaba taka ki hama sambaddha mAmale ke tathya, vyAghAtoM aura buddhi se udbhUta vicAroM se paricita na ho| antarjJAna ke saphala upayoga ke lie bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM tathyoM aura niyamoM kA pahale se adhyayana karanA aura unheM AtmasAt karanA par3atA hai| una niyamoM kA adhyayana arthAt jAnakArI prApta karake hI vyakti Atmabodha dvArA sukha aura zAnti ko prApta kara rAkate haiN| una niyamoM kI jAnakArI ke liye 'jJAnArNava'grantha bahuta sahAyaka hai| prAcIna samaya se hI yoga, dhyAna viSayaka granthoM kI racanA huI hai| una racanAoM kA apanA alaga-alaga mahattva bhI hai| kintu jJAnArNata zodha kI dRSTi se atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| kyoMki "santoM kI bhASA jaisI rAhaja aura sarvajanabodhagamya hai, vaisI hI 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 3, pR. 148-50. 2. jJAnArNava (agAsa), prastAvanA pR. 12. 49

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unakI anya abhivyaMjanA kI bhaMgimAe~ bhI sahaja haiM / santoM ne kahIM para bhI sAyAsa , abhivyakti upAdAnoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| abhivyakti se sAre mAdhyama loka aura vaha bhI sahaja-sAmAnya grAmya loka se saMgRhIta kie gae haiN| santoM kA aprastuta vidhAna aura pratIka-yojanA sIdhe loka-jIvana aura lokajJAna se anuprANita hai|'' yahI kAraNa hai ki jahA~ AcArya zubhacandra kI abhivyakti sAmAnyajana ke bahupayogI hai vahIM usameM yoga viSayaka vipula sAmagrI prApti hotI hai| ___ Aja naitika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, AdhyAtmika Adi mUlyoM ke vighaTana ke isa daura meM AcArya zubhacandra kI racanA bahuta mUlyavAn hai / kyoMki Aja vaijJAnika evaM audyogika krAMti ne mAnava ke na kevala bhautika utpAdana evaM sAdhanoM ko badala diyA hai| ta usakI mAnasika pravattiyoM ko bhI parivartita kara diyA hai| aura mAnasika pravattiyoM ke udvelana ko zAnta karane ke lie yoga aura dhyAna se bar3hakara aura kyA prakriyA ho sakatI hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne yaugika kriyAoM kA varNana atyanta vaijJAnika DhaMga se kiyA hai| jainadarzana meM Antarika tapa ke rUpa meM dhyAna kA sthAna sarvopari hai| Aja yoga kA eka lakSya citta kI caMcalatA ko niyaMtrita karanA hai| dhyAna, dhAraNA aura samAdhi yoga ke antaraMga sAdhana haiN| Asana, yama, niyama aura pratyAhAra yoga ke bahiraMga sAdhana haiN| inameM jaina paramparA kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha yamoM para anya sabhI paramparAoM kI apekSA adhika bala detI hai| ataeva jaina yoga ahiMsA, aparigraha Adi para bala dene ke kAraNa vyAvahArika jIvana kI zuddhatA ko yoga ke lie anivArya mAnatA hai| isa pRSThabhUmi meM dhyAna tathA yoga kA jo vistAra jaina paramparA meM huA usakA jJAnArNava ko AdhAra banAkara zodha grantha prastuta karanA usakI viziSTatA ko darzita karatA hai| AcArya zubhacandra kA apanA vaiziSTya hai ki ve prakhara tattvajJAnI the, mahAn sAdhaka the aura sAtha-hI-sAtha kavitva pratibhA ke dhanI the| unake dvArA racita 'jJAnArNava' eka aisA mahAn grantha hai, jisameM darzana, yoga aura kAvya tInoM kI bar3I hRdya samanviti hai| jahA~ isa grantha meM darzana ke yogya sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai, vahIM sAhityika dRSTi se bhI isakA apanA alaga mahattva hai| cAhe, chanda, alaMkAra, rasa kI bAta ho jJAnArNava meM sabhI kucha vidyamAna hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne apane grantha meM Arhata darzana svIkRta AtmAbhyudayamUlaka upakramoM ko yoga ke DhA~ce meM DhAlakara kAvyAtmaka zailI meM upasthApita karane meM jo udyama kiyA hai vaha stutya hai| bhAratIya itihAsa kI paramparA meM aise aneka manISiyoM ke ullekha haiM jinake paricaya ke nAma para Aja taka samRddhi evaM vikAsa ke bAvajUda bhI do zabda taka upalabdha nahIM haiN| kintu usake abhAva meM bhI yahA~ kI paramparA niSprabha nahIM hotii| cUMki ye aise AbhAvanta 1. santoM kI sAMskRtika saMsRti, pR. 364. 50

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nakSatra haiM jo zabdoM se nahIM apitu svakIya divyAbhA se antastattva kA paricaya prakaTa karate haiM aura usa paricaya se Alokita hote hue hajAroM-hajAroM sAdhaka/pAThaka unake dvArA nirdhArita/prarUpita mArga ke mAdhyama se sAdhanA kI atala gaharAiyoM aura utkRSTa u~cAiyoM, donoM ko samupalabdha ho pAne meM sakSama ho jAte haiN| _ ve kisI zilAlekha, aitihya sAkSya, paTTAvaliyoM yA DAyariyoM kI apekSA kie binA hI apane astitva ko apanI racanAoM se siddha karate pratibaddha pratIta hote haiN| zAyada isameM unakA yaha sandeza bhI hotA hai ki apane astitva ko surakSita rakhane kA nayA AyAma kRtitva kI camaka se hI ho sakatA hai| aise hI mahAn sAdhakoM meM eka the AcArya shubhcndr| jinakA daihika va kArmika paricaya bhautika astitva ke sAtha hI isa bhUtala se vilIna-jaisA ho gyaa| kintu unakI upalabdha racanA jJAnArNava hI unakA tathA unakI racanAdharmitA kA adbhuta paricaya karAne meM sakSama hai, jise samajhane kI sAmarthya yogya sAdhaka ke pAsa hI maujUda hotI hai| 51

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. tRtIya adhyAya dhyAna kA vivecana evaM mahatva bhAratIya jIvana kA dRSTikoNa adhyAtma pradhAna rahA hai| vaidika paramparA ho yA zramaNa saMskRti pratyeka ne AdhyAtmika anubhUti ko sarvocca mahattA pradAna kI hai| AdhyAtmika anubhUti kA cintana aura manana hI nahIM, balki usakI prApti kA upAya bhI nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| yaha sarvasammata tathya hai ki bAhya zaktyAzrita mAnava akhaNDa sukha evaM zAnti prApta karane meM sarvathA asamartha rahA hai| akhaNDa rasAnubhUti ke lie antarmukhI hokara satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA paramAvazyaka hai| AcArya zrI zubhacandra ne dhyAna ke prakaraNa ko Arambha karate hue manuSya paryAya kI durlabhatA kA kathana karate hue kahA hai ki - "du:kha se naSTa hone vAle isa nikRSTa anAdi saMsAra meM prANiyoM ko saMyama evaM tapa Adi aneka guNoM ko prApta karAne vAlI manuSya paryAya hI durlabha hai|" cUMki pUrNa saMyama evaM tapa kI prApti manuSya paryAya meM hI hotI hai, anya bhavoM meM nhiiN| Age sambodhita karate hue ve likhate haiM - 'he bhavyo ! yadi vaha kAkatAlIya nyAya se tujhe prApta ho gaI hai to tuma AtmA meM AtmA kA nizcaya karake zarIrAdi bAhya padArthoM se usakI bhinnatA kA nizcaya karake use saphala kara lo|'' abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra koI kauA tAla vRkSa ke nIce se ur3atA haA jA rahA ho aura usI samaya akasmAt usakA phala TUTakara nIce gire va kauA use coMca meM pakar3a le, yaha suyoga kadAcit hI prApta hotA hai, usI prakAra manuSya paryAya ke prApta ho jAne para bhI lambI Ayu Adi rUpa ukta sabake prApta ho jAne para bhI yadi prANI Atmahita meM nahIM pravRtta hotA hai to yaha usakA durbhAgya hI samajhanA caahie| manuSya paryAya pAne ke phala kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai ki - "kinhIM maharSiyoM ne usa manuSya paryAya kA phala puruSArtha batalAyA hai| aura vaha dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai| ina cAroM puruSArthoM meM se pahale ke tIna puruSArtha nAza sahita aura saMsAra ke rogoM se dUSita haiM aisA jAnakara tattvoM ke jAnane vAle jJAnI puruSa anta ke parama puruSArtha arthAt mokSa kA sAdhana karane meM hI prayatna karate haiM, kyoMki mokSa hI avinAzI hai|' bhAratIya adhyAtma vidyA cAhe vaha vaidika ho yA zramaNa, donoM ne hI eka svara se duHkha mukti kA samarthana kiyA haiN| du:kha mukti ke lie puruSArtha para bala diyA gayA hai| 1. jJAnArNava, 3/1. 2. vahI, 3/2. 3. jJAnArNava, 3/3.

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puruSArtha cAra prakAra ke mAne gae haiM aura inameM mokSa puruSArtha hI sarvocca puruSArtha hai| usake lie dharma puruSArtha kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hotI hai| sAdhana aura sAdhya meM avinAbhAvI sambandha hai| jaisA sAdhana hogA vaisA hI sAdhya prApta hogaa| Aja bhautika sAdhana apanAne para jyAdA bala diyA jA rahA hai| phalata: sAdhya bhI usI taraha kA prApta ho rahA hai| jaise tanAva yA samasyA, zArIrika vyAdhi aadi| ata: Aja jarUrata isa bAta kI hai ki puna: AdhyAtmika sAdhanoM ko samyak sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jaae| vaidika evaM zramaNa donoM hI saMskRtiyoM meM AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa prApta karane para bala diyA gayA hai aura isakI prApti hetu dhyAnAbhyAsa ko sAdhana ke rUpa meM apanAne kI bAta svIkAra kI gaI hai| AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa jJAnAvasthA ko mAnA gayA hai| ajJAna kI avasthA vibhAvAvasthA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| vibhAvAvasthA vikalpoM ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| usase nAnA prakAra ke duHkha, yathA janma-maraNa-jarAvasthA, roga, sukha-duHkha, aniSTa saMyogAdi vibhAva, kI hI prApti hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki maharSi pataMjali ne ina vaibhAvika vRttiyoM se mukta hone kI avasthA ko yoga kahA hai|' vastuta: dhyAna aura yoga donoM alaga-alaga avadhAraNAeM nahIM haiM, kAraNa yogAGgoM meM dhyAna ko bhI samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| inameM aMga aura aMgI kA sambandha hai| jisa prakAra hamAre hAtha-pA~va hamAre aMga se alaga bhI hai aura nahIM bhI haiM, aisA hI sambandha yoga aura dhyAna meM hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI sabhI prakAra ke vikalpoM se rahita hone kI prakriyA ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai - mana ke cintana kA eka hI vastu para avasthAna arthAt kendrita karanA dhyAna hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki dhyAna mana kI bahumukhI cintanadhArA ko eka hI ora pravAhita karatA hai, jisase sAdhaka aneka cittatA se dUra haTakara eka citta meM sthira hotA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI dhyAna viSayaka avadhAraNA ke sandarbha meM vikalpoM se rahita hone para bala diyA gayA hai| samantapAsAdikA meM dhyAna ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - kisI viSaya para citta ko sthira kara cintana karanA hI dhyAna hai| vaidika, jaina aura bauddha tInoM hI paramparAoM meM dhyAnAbhyAsa kI vidhiyoM para paryApta carcA milatI hai| prAya: tInoM paramparAoM meM dhyAna ko mokSa yA kaivalya prApti kA sabala sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 1. arhatvacana, janavarI 1957, pR. 18. 2. tattvArthasUtra 9/27. 3.samantapAsAdikA, bhAga 1, pR. 145-6. 53

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dhyAtA kA nirdeza - AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi meM dhyAtA kI pAtratA dhyAna yA , dhyAna ke pUrvAbhyAsa ke lie eka mahattvapUrNa anivAryatA hai, anyathA dhyAna kI kalpanA bhI karanA unakI dRSTi se samIcIna nhiiN| use hI vizeSa rUpa se nirdezita karate hue kahA gayA ki - "yadi tere anta:karaNa meM viveka rUpa lakSmI nirbhaya hokara sthiratA se raha sakatI hai to tere lie anta:karaNa kI zuddhi ko pradAna karane vAle usa dhyAna ke svarUpa kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| he prANI ! yadi terI tInoM lokoM ko vyApta karane vAlI moha rUpa gAr3hanidrA naSTa ho cukI hai to tU zIghra hI usa dhyAna rUpa amRtarasa kA pAna kr| tAtparya yaha ki jaba taka prANI kI bAhya para-padArthoM kI ora se mamatva buddhi nahIM haTatI hai taba taka usake nirmala dhyAna kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| isalie dhyAna ke abhilASI prANI ko usa mamatva buddhi kA parityAga avazya karanA caahie|' "yadi tU pramAda rUpa bhayAnaka grAha ke dA~toM ke yantra se chuTakArA pA cukA hai to tU janma paramparA ko naSTa karane vAle usa dhyAna kA Azraya le|''2 uttama kAryoM ke viSaya meM yA sadAcAra kI pravRttiyoM meM jo anAdarabhAva yA mana kI caMcalatA hotI hai usakA nAma pramAda hai| aisA pramAdI vyakti dhyAna karane ke lie kabhI samartha nahIM ho sktaa| AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra jo tIvra rAga dveSa ke vyApAra meM lipta hai use dhyAna kI gandha bhI nahIM A sakatI, ve apane zabdoM meM nimna prakAra kahate haiM - "yadi ananta saMsAra meM paribhramaNa svarUpa mahAvRSTi ke vistAra meM atizaya pravINa ananta saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAne vAle ve rAgadveSAdi tere kSINa ho cuke haiM to tU dhyAna ke lie prayatnazIla ho|' "he dhIra! yadi terA mana saMvega (dharmAnurAga), nirveda (viSayavirakti) aura viveka se saMskRta ho cukA hai to tU apanI AtmA meM AtmA kA avalokana kara AtmadhyAna meM lIna ho|' isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki jaba taka dhyAtA meM dhyAna karane ke yogya guNoM kA, jinameM rAgadveSa kA parityAga, pramAda kA parityAga, viveka kA prasphuraNa, saMvega aura nirveda Adi ke dvArA anta:karaNa kI zuddhi nahIM ho jAtI, abhAva rahatA hai taba taka dhyAna karane . meM kathamapi samartha nahIM ho paataa| 1. jJAnArNava, 3/17-8. 3. vahI, 3/21. 2. vahI, 3/20. 4. vahI, 3/24. 54

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dhyAna ke bheda - AcArya zubhacandra ne saMkSepa rucivAn ziSyoM ke anugraha ke lie dhyAna ke sAmAnyatayA tIna bheda nirdezita kiye haiN| yaha unake apane vivecana paddhati kI vizeSatA hai aura isa vivecanA kA mUlAdhAra adhyAtmayuga ke pravartaka AcArya kundakunda dvArA racita pravacanasArAdi meM upalabdha bhI hai|' upayogatraya kA svarUpa vA unakA vivecana jisa prakAra pravacanasArAdi granthoM meM nirdiSTa hai, prAya: vaisA hI prazasta dhyAna Adi kA svarUpa jJAnArNava meM upalabdha hotA hai| . jabaki isa prakAra kA vibhAjana sAmAnyatayA anya granthoM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| upayoga ke AdhAra para dhyAna ke nimna tIna bheda hote haiM - 1. puNyAzaya (zubhopayoga), 2. isake viparIta pApAzaya (azubhopayoga) aura 3. ina donoM se rahita zuddhAzaya (shuddhopyog)| puNyAzaya yA zubhopayoga - __ AcArya zubhacandra ke zabdoM meM - 'puNyAzaya ke vaza zuddhalezyA ke avalambana pUrvaka vastusvarUpa kA cintana karanA zubhopayoga hai|'? ise hI AcArya kundakunda apane zabdoM meM nimnata: kahate haiM ki - "jo AtmA deva, yati, guru kI pUjA meM, dAna meM, aNuvrata-mahAvrata rUpa uttama zIloM meM aura upavAsAdi zubha kAryoM meM lIna rahatA hai, vaha zubhopayogI kahalAtA hai|'' .' athavA 'jo jIva paramabhaTTAraka mahAdevAdhideva zrI arhanta bhagavAn ko jAnatA hai, . aSTakarma se rahita aura samyagdarzanAdi guNoM se vibhUSita siddha parameSThI ko jJAnadRSTi se dekhatA hai usI prakAra AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu rUpa niSparigraha guruoM ko jAnatAdekhatA hai tathA jIvamAtra para dayAbhAva se sahita hai usa jIva kA vaha upayoga zubhopayoga kahalAtA hai| . jo jIva ko puNya-pApa se lipta athavA adhIna karatI hai usako lezyA kahA jAtA hai| isI lezyA ke vaza prAya: dhyAna kI zubhAzubhatA nirdhArita hotI hai| manuSya ko jaba krodha AtA hai, taba usake manogata bhAva kA prabhAva usakI mukhAkRti para ubhara AtA hai| krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke Avega kI tIvratA-mandatA ke AdhAra para lezyA ke bhI bheda mAna lie gae haiM jo ki chaha bhedoM meM nirUpita haiN| jinheM nAmata: kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta, padma aura zukla ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| ye nAma ke anurUpa hI pariNAmoM ko bhI pradarzita karane vAlI hotI haiN| inameM kRSNa, nIla aura kApota ko azubha aura pIta, padma aura zukla ko 1. pravacanasAra, 1/9. 2. jJAnArNava, 3/29. 3. pravacanasAra, 1/69. 4. pravacanasAra, 1/65. 5. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 493.

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zubha ke rUpa meM ginA jAtA hai| jabaki ina chahoM meM hI Antarika rUpa se bhAvoM kI malinatA. mAnya hotI hai, jo ki tIvra-manda yA madhyama rUpa hotI hai| cUMki ina chahoM ko zubha aura azubha ke rUpa meM ginA jAtA hai ata: inake tAratamya ko tIvratama, tIvratara, tIvra aura manda, mandatara, mandatama ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| inake bhI pratyeka ke avAntara bhedoM kI apekSA asaMkhyAta loka pramANa bheda mAne jAte haiM, jo ki nirantara SaTsthAnapatitahAnivRddhi ko lekara hote rahate haiN| inake zubhAzubha pariNabhana ke viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - AtmA kI jisa-jisa taraha saMkleza pariNati kama-kama hotI jAtI hai| usI taraha yaha AtmA azubha lezyAoM se arthAt utkRSTa kRSNa lezyA ko chor3akara nIla lezyA rUpa meM aura nIlalezyA ko chor3akara kApota lezyA ke rUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai| isI taraha uttarottara saMkleza pariNAmoM kI vRddhi hone se yaha AtmA kApota se nIla aura nIla se kRSNa lezyA. . rUpa pariNamana karatA hai| isa taraha jIva saMkleza kI hAni aura vRddhi kI apekSA se tIna azubha lezyArUpa pariNamana karatA hai| uttarottara vizuddhi kI vRddhi hone se AtmA pIta, padma, zukla ina tIna zubha lezyAoM ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa aMza rUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai tathA vizuddhi kI hAni hone se utkRSTa se jaghanya paryanta zukla, padma, pIta lezyA rUpa pariNamana karatA hai| isa taraha vizuddhi kI hAni-vRddhi hone se zubha lezyAoM kA pariNamana hotA hai| ____ mAnava zarIra meM zAnti aura pavitratA ke sAtha-sAtha vAsanAoM ko bhI uttejita karane vAlI aneka granthiyA~ hotI haiN| jaise pIyUSa aura janana granthi vAsanAtmaka bhAva rUpa rasa kA srAva karatI haiM to viniala aura solAra-jaisI granthiyA~ pavitratA rUpa madhura rasa kA srAva karatI haiN| aura inhIM ke srAva ke AdhAra para bhAvoM kA niyaMtraNa hotA hai, jo lezyA kahI jAtI haiN| pApAzaya yA azubhopayoga - azubhopayoga ke viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - "jo upayoga viSaya aura kaSAyoM se vyApta hai, mithyAzAstroM kA sunanA, Arta-raudra rUpa khoTe dhyAnoM meM pravRtta honA tathA duSTa-kuzIla manuSyoM ke sAtha goSThI karanA Adi kAryoM se yukta hai, hiMsAdi pApoM ke AcaraNa meM ugra hai aura unmArga ke calAne meM tatpara hai vaha azubhopayoga hai|'' arthAt sahajAtmasvarUpa va usake sAdhanoM-sAdhakoM va siddhoM ke atirikta anya 1. dhavalA, pu. 1, pR. 388. 2. yoga, prayoga, ayoga pR. 79-80. . 3. pravacanasAra, 2/66. 56

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ko devatva yA gurutva ke rUpa meM zraddhAna viparIta mArga hai| ina kaSAyoM ke nimitta se satat asaddhyAna hotA hai| jJAnArNavakAra kI dRSTi se bhI aprazasta dhyAna kA lakSaNa nimnavat hai - "azubha upayoga ke vaza prANiyoM ke mUDhatA, mithyAtva, vastusvarUpa kI viparItatA aura kaSAyoM ke nimitta se nirantara aprazasta dhyAna huA karatA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai azubha upayoga ke vazIbhUta prANI ke mohAdi ke nimitta se jo Arta va raudra svarUpa cintana hotA hai usakA nAma aprazasta dhyAna hai|'' azubhopayoga kA vivecana karate hue AcArya samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM bhI vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM - "dveSa ke kAraNa kisI prANI ke vadha, bandhana, chedana Adi kA cintana karanA tathA rAga ke kAraNa parastrI Adi kA cintana karanA aprazasta dhyAna hai|''2. ___ 'hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIlasevana aura parigraha meM mamatA hone para, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, kuvAnoM, pakSapAta, mAtsaryabhAva, mada, pramAda, azubhalezyAoM, vikathAoM, nidAna evaM gAravoM ke hone para azubha bhAva hote haiN| aura isa azubhabhAva ke sadabhAva meM hone vAlA dhyAna azubhadhyAna hotA hai| zuddhAzaya yA zuddhopayoga - - 'rAgadveSAdi kI paramparA ke naSTa ho jAne se antarAtmA ke prasannatA ke sAtha sva-para viveka ke pragaTa hone para jo AtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi hotI hai vaha zuddha dhyAna hai| - jabaki AcArya kundakunda isI kA svarUpa isa taraha prastuta karate haiM - 'jisane jIvAjIvAdi padArtha aura unake pratipAdaka zAstra ko acchI taraha se jAna liyA hai, jo saMyama aura tapa se sahita hai, jisakA rAga naSTa ho cukA hai aura jo sukha-duHkha meM samatA pariNAma rakhatA hai aisA zramaNa zuddhopayoga kA dhAraka kahA jAtA hai / ' athavA 'jo azubhopayoga se rahita hai aura zubhopayoga meM bhI jo udyata nahIM ho rahA hai aisA maiM AtmAtirikta anya dravyoM meM madhyastha hotA hU~, aura jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kA hI dhyAna karatA huuN|' jo azubhopayoga ko pahale hI chor3a cukA hai aba zubhopayoga meM bhI pravRtta hone ke lie jisakA mana nahIM jAtA, jo zudAtmA ko chor3akara anya saba dravyoM meM madhyastha ho rahA hai aura jo nirantara sahaja caitanya se udbhAsita eka nijazuddha AtmA kA hI dhyAna karatA 1.jJAnArNava, 3/30. 2. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 78. 3.rayaNasAra, 62-3. 4. jJAnArNava, 3/31. 5. pravacanasAra, 1/14, 2/67.

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hai vaha zuddhopayogI hai| isa jIva ke upayoga ko zudopayoga kahate haiN| isa zuddhopayoga ke prabhAva se AtmA kA para dravya ke sAtha saMyoga chUTa jAtA hai| isalie hI zrI kundakunda svAmI ne zuddhopayogI hone kI bhAvanA prakaTa kI hai| dhyAna ke phala - Age inhIM tInoM prakAra ke dhyAnoM ke phala kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai - 'manuSya zubhadhyAna ke phala se utpanna huI svarga kI lakSmI ko bhogate haiM aura krama se mokSa ko prApta hote haiN| durdhyAna se jIvoM kI durgati kA kAraNabhUta azubhakarma hotA hai, jo ki bar3e kaSTa se bhI kabhI binA phala diye kSaya nahIM hotaa| jIvoM ke zuddhopayoga kA phala samasta du:khoM se rahita, svabhAva se utpanna aura avinAzI jJAnarUpI rAjya kA pAnA hai arthAt zuddhopayoga kA phala kevalajJAna kI prApti hai| AcArya kundakunda ne bhI tInoM (upayoga rUpa) dhyAnoM ke phala ko darzAte hue isI bhAva ko prakaTa kiyA hai| yathA - 'dharma arthAt cAritra guNarUpa jisakA AtmA pariNata ho rahA hai aisA jIva yadi zuddhopayoga se sahita hai to nirvANa sukha ko pAtA hai aura yadi zubhopayoga se sahita hai to svargasukha ko prApta karatA hai| azubhopayoga rUpa pariNamana karane se jIva khoTA manuSya, tiryazca aura nArakI hokara hajAroM duHkhoM se du:khI hotA huA sadA saMsAra meM atyanta bhramaNa karatA hai| __ zuddhopayoga se niSpanna arahanta, siddha bhagavAn ko atizaya rUpa sabase adhika, AtmA se utpanna, viSayAtIta, anupama, ananta aura anantarita sukha prApta hotA hai|' Ananda kA srota, jJAna kA bhavana svayaM Atma-puruSa hI eka mAtra sAdhya hai aura Apa apanA sAdhana bhI hai aura jaba tripuTI kA vedha ho jAtA hai, sAdhaka, sAdhya aura sAdhana kA bheda samApta ho jAtA hai, tInoM abheda eka bindu meM hI jaise samAe hoM, aisA hotA hai taba vaha puruSa kevala puruSa hI hai| taba vaha na dhyeya hai, na dhyAtA, na dhyAna, vaha Apa hI Apa hai, zakti se zaktimAna abhinna va zaktimAna se zakti abhinna / taba saba saundarya, saba satya usa . nirvikalpa bhAvAtIta meM hI samAe raha jAte haiN| 'jIvAtmA pariNAma svabhAvI hone se jaba zubha va azubha bhAva rUpa pariNamana karatA 1. jJAnArNava, 3/32-5. 2. pravacanasAra, 1/11-3 58

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hai taba zubha yA azubha svayaM hI hotA hai aura jaba zuddha svarUpa pariNamita hotA hai taba zuddha hotA hai| AtmA sphaTika kI bhAMti pariNAma svabhAvI hai| zubha va azubha rAga bhAvoM ke nimitta se pariNamita hokara zubha va azubha hotA hai aura virAga bhAva se pariNamita hotA hai to zuddha sphaTika kI bhAMti zuddha rahane lagatA hai| dhyAna kA mahattva - jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra jIva vastuta: karma se baddha hokara anAdikAla se isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| jaba vaha apane svarUpa ko pahacAna usakI zraddhA karake usI meM lIna hotA hai to saMsAra ke bandhana se mukta hotA hai| mukti ke upAya haiM - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra / jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| jIva aura ajIva ke paraspara mela kA nAma saMsAra hai| saMsAra ke pradhAna kAraNa Asrava aura bandha haiN| saMsAra ke virAma rUpa mokSa ke pradhAna kAraNa saMvara aura nirjarA haiN| saMvara aura nirjarA kA pradhAna kAraNa samyakcAritra hai aura usameM tapa bhI garbhita hai| tapa ke do bheda haiM - bAhya aura abhyntr| ina donoM ke hI chahachaha bheda haiN| Abhyantara tapa ke hI chaha bhedoM meM se eka bheda dhyAna hai| dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM - Artta, raudra, dharma aura zukla / inameM se prathama do saMsAra ke kAraNa hai aura antima do mokSa ke kAraNa haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki dhyAna zubha bhI hotA hai aura azubha bhii| kintu jaba hama dhyAna kI carcA karate haiM to hamArA lakSya zubhadhyAna hI hotA hai azubha dhyAna nhiiN| dhyAna kI zubhAzubhatA dhyAtA aura dhyeya donoM para nirbhara hotI hai| yadi dhyAtA viSaya aura kaSAyoM se grasita hai aura unhIM ke vicAroM meM nimagna hai to vaha dhyAna azubha * hotA hai| aura aise dhyAna ke lie kisI prakAra ke prazikSaNa yA yogAbhyAsa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| inakI cintA se nivRtta hone para hI zubhadhyAna meM pravRtti ho sakatI hai| isI se jJAnArNava meM kahA hai - 'kAma bhogoM se virakta hokara tathA zarIra meM spRhA chor3akara nirmamatva bhAva ko prApta kara sakA hai to tU dhyAna kA adhikArI hai| usI kI taiyArI ke lie jJAnArNava meM bAraha anuprekSAoM kA kathana hai aura tatsambandhI vividha upadeza diye gae haiN| jinakI carcA dhyeya prakaraNa ke antargata kI jaaegii| - jainadarzana meM cAritra zabda kA prAya: vahI artha hai, jo anya matoM meM yoga zabda kA hai| jainoM ne mukti prApta karane ke lie jo zailI apanAI hai usameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna 1. vahI, 1/9. 3. vahI, 9/28. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9/27. 4. jJAnArNava, 3/23. 59

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aura samyakcAritra kI mahattA nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI gaI hai| samyagdarzana se, samyagjJAna evaM samyagjJAna se samyakcAritra kI orasAdhaka kramaza: agrasara hotA hai| isa prakAra sAdhaka kI AtmA kI kramika pavitratA ke sAtha usake bhItara dhyAna kI kSamatA kA vikAsa hotA rahatA hai| sAdhAraNata: yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki jaina bAhya saMyama para adhika bala dete haiM kintu yaha bAta sahI nahIM hai| bAhya tapa to Antarika tapa kI chAyAmAtra haiN| AtmA aura zarIra kI ekatA ke bhrama ke parihAra se AtmasAkSAtkAra saMbhava hotA hai aura tabhI AdhyAtmika kSetra meM saMcaraNa kI yogyatA utpanna hotI hai| usake lie antarmukha hokara donoM kI cintanA kA dhyAna anivArya hai| jaba Atma-anAtma kA bodha ho jAe taba aura Upara uThakara paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra apekSita hai| AcArya kundakunda, AcArya pUjyapAda, AcArya yogIndudeva aura zubhacandra jaise yogiyoM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM AtmasAkSAtkAra kI kriyAzailI para vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne bahirAtmA, antarAtmA evaM paramAtmA rUpa AtmA kI tIna avasthAe~ mAnI haiN| inake viSaya meM kiJcit vivecana kara . denA prasaMgAnurUpa hogaa| 1. jisa jIva ke apanI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa AtmasvarUpa kA yathArtha bodha na hone se zarIrAdi para-padArthoM ke viSaya meM Atmabuddhi huA karatI hai, arthAt jo AtmasvarUpa se anabhijJa hokara zarIra ko AtmA aura usase sambaddha anya saba hI para-padArthoM (strI-putra evaM dhana-sampatti) ko apanA mAnatA hai, use bahirAtmA jAnanA caahie| usakI cetanA vivekabuddhi moharUpI nidrA ke dvArA naSTa kara dI gaI hai|' 2.jise bAhya padArthoM ko pRthaka karake AtmA ke viSaya meM hI AtmA kA nizcaya ho cukA hai, jo zarIrAdi ko para aura AtmA ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai use Atmatattva ke jJAtA antarAtmA mAnate haiN| vaha ajJAnarUpa andhakAra ko naSTa karane ke lie sUrya ke samAja hai| 3. karmarUpa lepa se rahita, zarIra se atikrAnta (azarIra) zuddha, kRtakRtya, atizaya sukhI aura vikalpa se rahita siddha jIva ko paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai|' zaMkA - jabaki AtmA nirvikalpa aura atIndriya hai taba yogI use zarIrAdi bAhya padArthoM ke samUha se pRthak karake usakA kisa prakAra se abhyAsa kare ? / samAdhAna - yogI bahirAtma buddhi ko chor3akara bAhya jar3a zarIra ko AtmA na mAnakara - abhyantara svarUpa kA Azraya lekara antarAtmA hotA huA atizaya pavitra va avinazvara paramAtmA kA dhyAna kre| 1. jJAnArNava, 32/6. 2. jJAnArNava, 32/7 3. vahI, 32/8. 4. jJAnArNava, 32/10. . 60

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dhyAna kA svarUpa - jainAgamoM meM yoga kA artha mukhyata: dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| isa dhyAna se Atma sAkSAtkAra kI prApti hotI hai| kisI khAsa vastu para vicAra kI ekAgratA ko dhyAna kahate haiN| sAdhAraNata: manuSya kA mana aura vicAra hamezA caMcala rahate haiN| inheM kisI vastu para kendrita karanA hI dhyAna hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne dhyAna kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai ki 'utkRSTa kAyabandha vAle sAdhu ke antarmuhUrtaparyanta ekAgracintA ke rodha ko dhyAna kahate haiN| AcArya umAsvAmI ke isI abhiprAya ko hI AcArya zubhacandra ne apane zabdoM meM bhI vyakta kiyA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI vihita sUtra meM jo 'ekAgracintAnirodho' kahA gayA hai| usameM cAra zabda haiM. jo ki eka- pradhAna, agra- Alambana, cintA-smRti aura nirodha niyantraNa vAcaka haiN| isa lakSaNa kA phalitArtha yaha huA ki kisI eka pradhAna Alambana meM cAhe vaha dravya rUpa ho yA paryAya rUpa smRti kA niyaMtrita karanA-roka rakhanA yA anyatra na jAne denA dhyAna kahalAtA hai| athavA 'aGgati jAnAtItyagraM AtmA' isa nirukti se 'agra' nAma AtmA kA hai, sAre tattvoM meM agragaNya hone se bhI AtmA ko agra kahA jAtA hai| dravyArthika naya se eka nAma kevala, asahAya yA nityodita kA hai, cintA anta:karaNa kI vRtti ko aura nirodha niyaMtraNa tathA abhAva ko bhI dhyAna kahate haiN| isa dRSTi se eka mAtra zuddhAtmA meM cittavRtti ke niyaMtraNa evaM cintAntara ke abhAva ko dhyAna kahate haiM jo ki kevala sva-saMvittimaya hotA hai| isa sUtra meM dhyAtA ke lie kevala uttama saMhanana pada hI diyA hai / jisakA asthibandhana Adi sudRr3ha aura abhedya hotA hai use uttama saMhanana kahate haiN| digambara vyAkhyAkAroM ke anusAra chaha saMhananoM meM se Adi ke tIna saMhanana dhyAna ke lie uttama hai * kintu zvetAmbara vyAkhyAkAroM ke anusAra Adi ke cAra saMhanana uttama haiN| yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki yaha kathana sAmAnya dhyAtA kA hai| yaha azubha dhyAna ke dhyAtA meM kaise saMgata ho sakatA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra saptama naraka meM vahI manuSya marakara janma letA hai jo prathama uttama saMhanana kA dhArI hotA hai| arthAt jisa saMhanana se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai usI saMhanana se saptama naraka meM utpatti hotI hai| ata: jaise utkRSTa zubha dhyAna ke lie uttama saMhanana Avazyaka hai usI prakAra utkRSTa azubha dhyAna ke lie bhI uttama saMhanana Avazyaka hai| vajaMvRSabhanArAca, vajranArAca aura nArAca ye tIna saMhanana uttama haiN| inameM mokSa kA kAraNa to prathama saMhanana mAtra hotA hai, jabaki tInoM saMhananoM se dhyAna to kiyA hI jA 1. jJAnArNava, 1/23. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9/27. . 61

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sakatA hai| agra arthAt mukhya lakSya cintA- anta:karaNa vyApAra / gamana, bhojana, zayana . aura adhyayana Adi vividha kriyAoM meM bhaTakane vAlI cittavRtti kA eka kriyA meM rokaM denA nirodha hai| jisa prakAra vAyu rahita pradeza meM dIpazikhA aparispanda-sthira rahatI hai| . usI taraha nirAkula deza meM eka lakSya meM buddhi aura zaktipUrvaka rokI gaI cittavRtti binA vyAkSepa ke vahIM sthira rahatI hai| anyatra nahIM bhttktii| athavA agra zabda artha vAcI hai, arthAt eka dravya paramANu yA bhAva paramANu yA anya kisI artha meM cittavRtti ko kendrita karanA dhyAna hai| dhyAna kA adhikatama kAla antarmuhUrta hotA hai| uttama saMhanana vAlA jIva hI utkRSTa antarmuhUrta kAla taka dhyAna dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, anya saMhanana vAle nhiiN| dhyAna meM ekAgratA ko sabase adhika mahattva prApta hai, vaha vyagratAmaya ajJAna kI nivRtti rUpa hai aura usase zakti kendrita evaM balavatI hokara zIghra hI saphalatA kI prApti meM sahAyaka hotI hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI dhyAna kA svarUpa aisA hI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai - aMtomuhuttamettaM lINaM vatthummi mANasaM NANaM / jhANaM bhaNNadi samae asuhaM ca suhaM ca taM duvihaM / / arthAt kisI vastu meM antarmuhUrta ke lie mAnasa jJAna ke lIna hone ko Agama meM dhyAna kahA hai| vaha do prakAra kA hai - zubhadhyAna aura ashubhdhyaan| kisI eka hI viSaya kI ora jo cintA ko rokA jAtA hai, isakA nAma dhyAna hai| isase bhinna bhAvanAe~ hotI haiM - unameM saMsAra, zarIrAdi aneka viSayoM kI ora cintA kA jhukAva hotA hai| bhAvanAoM ke jJAtA una bhAvanAoM ko anuprekSA athavA arthacintA ke nAma se bhI svIkAra karate haiN| isa prasaMga meM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki jo eka dina yA mAha bhara Adi taka eka hI dhyAna karane kI bAta sunI jAtI hai, vaha ThIka nahIM! kyoMki itane samaya taka eka hI dhyAna rakhane se indriyoM kA upaghAta hI ho jaaegaa| isI prakAra zvAsocchvAsa ke nigraha ko dhyAna nahIM kahate haiN| kyoMki isameM zvAsocchavAsa rokane kI vedanA se zarIrapAta hone kA prasaMga A sakatA hai| ata: dhyAnAvasthA meM zvAsocchvAsa pracAra svAbhAvika honA caahie| isI taraha samaya yA mAtrAoM Adi kA ginanA bhI dhyAna nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM ekAgratA kA abhAva / hai| ginane meM vyagratA spaSTa hI hai| dhyAtA kA svarUpa - dhyAna yoga ke viSaya meM cAra bAtoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai jaisA ki jJAnArNava meM 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 470.

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AcArya zubhacandra ne likhA hai ___ 1. dhyAtA, 2. dhyAna, 3. dhyeya aura 4. dhyAna kA phala / ina cAroM kA kathana bhedapUrvaka sUtra rUpa se kiyA jAtA hai|'' dhyAtA arthAt dhyAna karane vAlA athavA jisake dvArA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai, ke svarUpa ko pratipAdita karate hue jJAnArNavakAra AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM - 'jo mokSa kA abhilASI saMsAra va zarIrAdi se virakta, zAntacitta, apane Apa para - anta:karaNa ke Upara niyaMtraNa rakhane vAlA, sthira - zarIra kI caMcalatA se rahita, indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAlA aura gupti,va samiti Adi se AvRtta - navIna karmabandha ko rokane vAlA hai, vaha dhyAtA hai| dhyAna kA adhikaarii| dhyAna karttA meM Avazyaka kauna-kauna se guNa hone cAhie ? isakA digdarzana karAte hue yahA~ para kahA gayA hai ki prANI ko jaba taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate hue janmamaraNa ke duHkha kA anubhava nahIM hogA tathA vaha jaba taka viSayAnurAga va mamatvabuddhi ko usakA kAraNa nahIM samajhegA taba taka vaha saMsAra se virakta hokara mokSa kA abhilASI nahIM ho sakatA hai| aura jaba taka use mokSa kI abhilASA utpanna nahIM hotI hai taba taka usakI dhyAna meM pravRtti ho nahIM sakatI hai| isake sAtha use jitendriya - indriyoM aura mana ko vaza : meM rakhane vAlA - bhI honA cAhie kyoMki indriyoM va mana para vijaya prApta kara lene ke binA dhyAna meM kabhI sthiratA nahIM raha sakatI hai| krodhAdi kaSAe~ cUMki citta ko kaluSita karake . samIcIna dhyAna se vimukha karane vAlI haiM, ataeva dhyAtA ko una kaSAyoM se rahita hokara zAntacitta bhI honA caahie| isI prakAra zarIra ke Upara usakA itanA niyantraNa bhI honA cAhie ki icchAnusAra vaha kisI bhI Asana se sthita ho dIrghakAla taka dhyAna kara ske| isa prakAra se dhyAtA yogI jaba guptiyoM evaM samitiyoM Adi kA paripAlana karane lagatA hai taba usake navIna karmoM kA Agamana rukakara - saMvara hokara tapa ke prabhAva se pUrva saMcita karma kI nirjarA bhI hotI hai| isa prakAra vaha anta meM utkRSTa dhyAna ke Azraya se apane abhISTa mokSa pada ko prApta kara letA hai| saMsAra ke svarUpa kA vicAra karate hue yogIjana socate haiM - 'pramAda se moha ko prApta hokara muktimArga se bhraSTa huA yaha sArA vizva udaya meM prApta hue karma rUpa IMdhana se utpanna huI duHkharUpa agni se atizaya pIr3ita hotA huA cAroM ora se bAra-bAra jala rahA hai - saMtapta ho rahA hai| isa prakAra tIvra moha rUpa agni se jAjvalyamAna isa jagat meM se kevala yogIjana hI pramAdarUpa nazA ko chor3akara bAhara nikale haiN|' 1. jJAnArNava, 4/5. 2. vahI, 4/6. 3. jJAnArNava, 4/7-8. 63

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abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra madirA ko pIkara unmatta huA - naze meM cUra - manuSya ghara ke agni se jalane para bhI usake bhItara hI sthita rahatA hai aura kaSTa sahatA hai, kintu usake bAhara nahIM nikalatA hai, usI prakAra pramAdI jIva bhI moha se saMtapta rahakara kaSTa to bhogate haiM, kintu usa pramAda ko nahIM chor3ate haiN| usa pramAda ko kevala ve yogIjana hI chor3ate haiM jinake anta:karaNa meM sukha-duHkha kA viveka udita ho cukA hai| ___dharma va zukla dhyAnoM ko dhyAne vAle yogI ko dhyAtA kahate haiM usI kI vizeSatAoM . . kA paricaya nimnata: diyA gayA hai - 'jo uttama saMhanana vAlA nisarga se balazAlI aura zUra tathA caudaha yA dasa yA nau pUrva ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hotA hai vaha dhyAtA hai| Artta va raudra dhyAna se dUra azubha lezyAoM se rahita, lezyAoM kI vizuddhatA se avalambita apramatta avasthA kI bhAvanA bhAne vAlA buddhi ke pAra ko prApta yogI buddhibalayukta sUtrArtha avalambI dhIra-vIra samasta parISahoM ko sahane vAlA saMsAra se bhayabhIta vairAgya bhAvanA bhAne vAlA vairAgya ke kAraNa bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI ko atRpti kara dekhatA huA samyagjJAna kI bhAvanA se mithyAjJAna rUpI gAr3ha andhakAra ko naSTa karane vAlA tathA vizuddha samyagdarzana dArA mithyA zalya ko dUra bhagAne vAlA muni dhyAtA hotA hai| kyoMki tapa, vrata aura zrutajJAna kA dhAraka AtmA dhyAnarUpI ratha kI dhurA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hotA hai isa kAraNa he bhavya puruSo ! tuma isa dhyAna kI prApti ke lie nirantara tapa, zruta aura vrata meM tatpara hoo| eka anyatama yogI amitagatisUri ke anusAra dhyAtA kA svarUpa nimnAnusAra hai - 'jo svabhAva se hI komala pariNAmoM se yukta, kaSAyarahita, indriyavijetA, mamatvarahita, ahaMkArarahita, parISahoM ko parAjita karane vAlA, heya ora upAdeyatattva kA jJAtA, lokAcAra se parAGmukha, kAma-bhogoM se virakta, bhava-bhramaNa se bhayabhIta, lAbhaalAbha, sukha-du:kha, zatru-mitra, priya-apriya, mAna-apamAna aura jIvana-maraNa meM samabhAva kA dhAraka, Alasya rahita, uddhegarahita, nidrAvijayI, AsanavijetA arthAt dRr3hAsana vAlA, ahiMsAdi sarvavratoM kA abhyAsI, santoSayukta, parigraha-rahita, samyagdarzana se alaMkRta, deva-guru-zAstra kI bhakti karane vAlA, zraddhAguNa se yukta, karma zatruoM ke jItane meM zUravIra, vairAgyayukta, mUrkhatArahita arthAt jJAnavAn, nidAna rahita, para kI apekSA se rahita arthAt svAvalambI, zarIrarupa piMjare ko bhedane kA icchuka aura jo avinAzI zivapada ko jAne kA abhilASI ho, aisA dhyAtA bhavya puruSa prazaMsanIya hotA hai|' bhavya jIva kI pariNati kA digdarzana karAte hue guNabhadra svAmI ne AtmAnuzAsana 1. mahApurANa, 21/85-9. 2. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 57. 3. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 15/24-9. hA

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meM kahA hai - 'indriya viSayoM se virakti, parigraha kA tyAga, kaSAyoM kA damana, rAgadveSa kI zAnti, yama-niyama, indriyadamana, sAta tattvoM kA vicAra, tapazcaraNa meM udyama, mana kI pravRtti para niyantraNa, jinavara bhagavAn meM bhakti aura prANiyoM para dayA bhAva, ye saba guNa usI puNyAtmA jIva ke hote haiN| jisake ki saMsAra rUpI samudra kA kinArA nikaTa A cukA hai|'' - tattvavicArasAra meM dhyAtA ke svarUpa kA isa prakAra nirdeza kiyA hai - 'jo vrativara AhAra, Asana, nidrA tathA pA~ca indriyoM, bAIsa parISahoM, krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA jItane vAlA, parigraha se rahita, nirmohI arthAt viparIta abhiprAya se rahita, indriya vyApAra se rahita, jina sUtra (zAstra) meM sudRr3ha, uttama saMhanana se yukta, sthiracitta ho aisA dhyAtA puruSa hotA hai|' zrImadbhagavada gItA meM bhI bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne yogI kA svarUpa nirdeza karate hue kahA hai - 'kisI vyakti ko AtmajJAna meM sthira taba kahA jAegA aura vaha yogI taba kahalAegA jabaki vaha jJAna aura vijJAnapane se pUrNa rUpa se santuSTa ho jaae| aisA vyakti AtmajJAna meM sthira hotA hai aura AtmasaMyamI hotA hai| vaha hara cIja ko cAhe patthara ho yA sonA ho barAbara dRSTi se dekhatA hai|' yoga meM indriyoM kA saMyama karanA anivArya hai aura jaba saba indriyA~ saMyama meM A jAtI haiM to mana ko bhagavAn paramAtmA ke smaraNa meM lagAnA hotA hai| isase vaha sAMsArika jIvana para vijaya pA kara zAntamaya ho jAtA hai| - Age yogI ke samatvabhAva kA varNana karate hue kahA hai - 'jisane mana para vijaya pA lI hai vaha paramAtmA taka pahu~ca cukA hai aura zAnti pA lI hai| aise vyakti ke lie sukha aura duHkha, garmI aura sardI, mAna aura apamAna saba barAbara haiN|' . AcArya kundakunda ne bhI pravacanasAra meM sAdhu (zramaNa) ke lakSaNa kA nirdeza karate hue isI bhAva ko vyakta kiyA hai - samasattubaMdhuvaggo samasuhadukkho psNsnniNdsmo| samalohakaMcaNo puNa jIvidamaraNe samo samaNo / ' arthAt jise zatru aura mitroM kA samUha eka samAna ho, prazaMsA aura nindA eka samAna ho, patthara ke Dhele aura suvarNa eka samAna ho tathA jo jIvana aura maraNa meM samabhAva vAlA ho vaha zramaNa arthAt sAdhu hai| 1. AtmAnuzAsana, 224. 2. tattvavicArasAra, gAthA 286-7. 3. zrImadbhagavadgItA, 6/8. 4. zrImadbhagavadgItA, 6/7. .. 5. pravacanasAra, 3/41. .65

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sAdhu ko cAhie ki vaha AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie para-padArthoM se mamatva buddhi haTAkara apane nijatva ke prati dRSTi rkhe| 'jo padArtha aura vyakti hameM kisI bhI prakAra pralobhita karate haiM, unake prati eka nayA dRSTikoNa banAnA hogaa| yaha taba taka Avazyaka hai, jaba taka unase hama nirlipta nahIM ho jaate| hameM apane mana kI gatividhiyoM para kar3I nigarAnI rakhanI hogI, jisase hama adhika-se-adhika jAgarUka aura pratyeka bAta meM nizciMta ho skeN| jaba taka hama jAgate haiM, usa bIca mana meM kisI bhI prakAra kA acetana sphuraNa na ho aisA koI vicAra na ho, jo hamAre anajAna meM uTha jaae| yaha sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa bAta hai kyoMki sAdhanA kI prArambhika avasthA meM, jo ki anekAneka varSoM taka banI raha sakatI hai| sAdhanA prArambha karane se pUrva kI avasthA kI tulanA meM deha-bodha adhika prabala aura mana adhika caMcala ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI yadi hama apane rAga aura deSa ke viSayoM se bhautika evaM mAnasika rUpa se satarkatApUrvaka bacane kI koziza na kareM, to ye rAgadveSa bar3e prabala aura ghAtaka ho jAte haiN| 'sacce tyAga aura vairAgya ke binA sAdhanA saphalatApUrvaka nahIM kI jA sktii| jisa anupAta meM hama apanI kAmanAoM kA tyAga kara sakate haiM, aura dUsaroM ke prati rAgadveSa ko miTA sakate haiM, usI anupAta para sAdhanA kI saphalatA aura pragati nirbhara karatI hai| isa sambandha meM hama kabhI apane Apako mana ke dvArA chalane na deN| hama amuka vyakti athavA viSaya ko kyoM tyAga nahIM sakate isake lie mana sadA hI koI-na-koI yukti saMgata kAraNa prastuta karane ko taiyAra rahatA hai, vaha avacetana athavA ardhacetana vAsanAoM kA pravaktA banane ke lie sadaiva tatpara rahatA hai| ata: hameM na kevala japa-dhyAna, prArthanA tathA anya sAdhanAoM kI AvazyakatA hai, apitu tyAga aura vairAgya kI bhii| aura jisa parimANa meM hama saccA tyAga aura vairAgya prApta karane meM saphala hoMge, usI parimANa meM hamAre prayatnoM kA saccA aura ullekhanIya prabhAva pdd'egaa| 2 jina vastuoM yA vyaktiyoM se hama utkaTatA se prema karate haiM, ve hamAre mana ko prabhAvita karate haiM aura usameM rAga-dveSa aura ghRNA utpanna kara dete haiN| rAga aura deSa eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| ve eka hI zreNI ke antargata Ate haiN| ataeva hameM vairAgyavAn banakara tathA vyaktigata ruciyoM aura aruciyoM ko tyAgakara saba prakAra kI Asakti aura bhaya se chuTakArA pA lenA caahie| hama dayAlu hoM, para adhika vyaktigata samparka se bceN| na to hamArA kisI para koI vyaktigata yA svArthagata adhikAra ho, na hama kisI ko . apane Upara yA apane sneha para vyaktigata adhikAra jatAne deN| jaba taka hama kSudra rAga aura deSa, ruci aura aruci ke bIja boeMge, jaba taka hama svayaM tathA dUsaroM ko tathAkathita prema kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3e raheMge, taba taka hama krItadAsa hI bane raheMge aura apane evaM dUsaroM ko kaSTa hI dete rheNge|' 1. dharma jIvana tathA sAdhanA, pR. 31. 2. dharma jIvana tathA sAdhanA, pR. 31-2 3. vahI, pR. 32.

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'sAdhakoM ko AdhyAtmika jIvana kA eka rahasya jAna lenA cAhie - hamameM se pratyeka meM rAga aura dveSa donoM haiN| yaha sambhava nahIM ki inase hama ekadama chuTakArA pA leN| isalie hameM apane prema ko prayatnapUrvaka paramezvara kI ora mor3anA cAhie, kisI vyakti yA vasta kI ora nhiiN| isI prakAra hama apane DheSako una sabhI vastaoM kI ora moDeM jo hamAre apane svarUpa ke bodha meM tathA hamArI AdhyAtmika pragati meM bAdhaka hotI haiN|' zrIpadmasiMha muni ne apane 'jJAnasAra' meM yogI kA svarUpa isa prakAra likhA hai - ''kandarpa (kAma va kAmavAsanA) aura darpa (abhimAna, ahaMkAra) kA jisane dalana kiyA hai, dambha se jo rahita hai, jo kAyA ke vyApAra se rahita hai, jisakA zarIra ugra tapase dIpta ho rahA hai, usI ko paramArtha se yogI jAnanA caahie|" 'yoga se kAyA meM, mana meM, prANa meM, sabameM dIpti hotI hai, magara isa yoga meM tIna bar3e vighna haiM, - 1. kAmodvega, 2. ahaMkAra aura 3. mAyA yAnI kapaTa va dambha / dhyAna kI ekAgra kriyA jaba hone lagatI hai to usase mAnava ke saba staroM ke AvaraNa TUTane lagate haiN| unakI jar3a huI zakti khulane lagatI hai| zakti kA yaha jAgaraNa dhyAna kA phala hai| isI zakti jAgaraNa ko dhyAnI yadi sahI samajha pAtA hai aura jAgrata kAmazakti ko nigraha karake apavyaya nahIM karatA hai, taba hI vaha Age unnati karatA hai| yogI se bhUla kahA~ hotI hai ? sabase nIce kA stara mAnava meM kAma stara hai, yaha bahata sthUla bhI hai aura bahuta sUkSma bhI hai| sthUla dazA meM yaha abrahma yAnI kAmasevana arthAt viSaya-lampaTatA ke bhAvoM ko bhI ugra karatA hai, viparIta liMga kA AkarSaNa tIvra ho jAtA hai, strI kA puruSa ko aura puruSa kA strI ko yauna AkarSaNa kA bhAva hotA hai| isa sthUlatA se dhyAnI sAdhaka jaba binA balAt (damana) sahaja rUpa meM, jJAna bhAva se ubara jAtA hai to vaha kAmazakti hI usake lie aisI * prANika zakti bana jAtI hai, jo use anya ucca staroM ke kholane va prakAzita karane meM sahAyaka hotI hai| sUkSma avasthA meM yaha kAma hI kAmanA, AzA, tRSNA Adi kA svarUpa hai tathA ina sabake mUla meM hotA hai mAnava kI ajnyaandshaa| yaha ajJAna hI anAdi kA andhakAra hai jo jIvAtmA meM anta:prakAza ko AvRta rakhatA hai| yaha ajJAna prakaTa rahatA hai rAga aura moha se / rAga aura moha jIvana ko sadA se vibhrama meM rakhate Ae haiN| ye hI jIva kI bhUla va mUrchA ke kAraNa haiN| ye jIva meM sUkSma rUpa meM rahate haiM aura Age ucca dhyAna avasthAoM meM pahu~cane para hI ye rAga va moha kaTate haiN| inake naSTa hone para hI sAdhaka siddha yogI ho jAtA hai| balAt damana paravarsiTIja ko, granthiyoM ko paidA karatA hai ata: lakSya granthi vimocana hai, na ki granthiyA~ bnaanaa| taba hI nirgrantha hote haiN| 1.jJAnasAra, 4. ' 2. yogAnuzIlana, pR. 25-6. '67

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'yaha nirgrantha avasthA kAma, krodha aura moha rUpa sUkSma vikAroM para jJAna dArA , vijaya prApta karake hI saMbhava hotI hai| samasta duHkhoM ke hetu kAma se hI aura kAma ke sUkSma rUpa rAga aura moha se hI utpanna hote haiN| yogIjana isIlie do granthiyoM kA ullaMghana bar3A durlabha mAnate haiM - kaMcana aura kAminI / kaMcana vastu yA padArthaniSTha mUrcchanA hai tathA kAminI para-jIvaniSTha muurcchnaa| jinezvara ho cAhe buddha ho, cAhe ziva ho, ina sabako kAma vijetA mAnA gayA hai| kAmajaya yogI kI sudRr3ha yogabhUmi hai| rAga va moha kA jaya hI ahaM kA ahaMkAra kA, abhimAna kA deSa rAga kA hI dUsarA bAjU hai| dambhI mAnava meM bhIrAga bhAva kI hI krIr3A rahatI hai, usameM rAga kI pradhAnatA hai aura sAtha hI vaha kAyara bhI hotA hai| ata: vaha mAyA se, chala se, kapaTa se, kAma letA hai| aisA karake vaha apane lakSya para nahIM pahu~ca . sakatA, na sthira hI raha sakatA hai|'' dhyAna kI pAtratA va apAtratA - dhyAna, yoga kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| usake lie kauna pAtra hai aura kauna apAtra hai yaha viSaya bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa hai| jina-jina AcAryoM ne dhyAna kA vivecana kiyA hai, unhoMne isa sambandha meM bhI vicAra kiyA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava meM aneka sthAnoM para isa sambandha meM carcA kI hai| dhyAna prakaraNa meM to isakI vivecanA huI hI hai anyAnya sthAnoM para bhI ise carcita kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna ke anurUpa bhUmikA prApta karane hetu eka sAdhaka ko kina-kina sthitiyoM se bacate rahanA cAhie isa para granthakAra ne vizada vizleSaNa kiyA hai| , ___ 'jisa yogI ke jo karma meM hai vaha vacana meM nahIM aura jo vacana meM hai vaha citta meM nhiiN| arthAt jo karatA kucha hai, bolatA kucha aura socatA kucha hai vaha puruSa dhyAna kI sthiti ko kaise prApta kara sakatA hai|2 isI viSaya meM ve Age likhate haiM - 'kIrti, yaza tathA abhimAna se jo pIr3ita haiM, logoM meM hamArI atyadhika mAnyatA bar3he, aisI AkAMkSA meM jo anurakta haiM, jisake jJAna rUpI netra vilupta ho gae haiM, jo ajJAnAndha haiM, usameM dhyAna kI yogyatA nahIM hotii| jisakI buddhi meM tattvoM ke viSaya meM saMdeha banA rahatA hai, jise kAma aura artha kI lAlasA hai, jo auroM ke siddhAntoM se vipralabdha yA digbhrAnta hai vaha kaise dhyAna kara sakatA hai|'' granthakAra ne pA~ca vikArotpAdaka bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisase eka dhyAna yogI ko bace rahanA caahie| unhoMne bar3e preraka zabdoM meM ise avagata karAyA hai - 2. jJAnArNava, 4/32. 1. yogAnuzIlana, pR. 26. 3. jJAnArNava, 4/35, 38.

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'kAndI Adi rAgaraMjita pA~ca vikArottejaka bhAvanAoM ne jinake hRdaya meM DerA DAla diyA ho ve vastu tattva kA nizcaya kaise kara sakate haiN| vaise vyakti apane ko sAdhanA ke yogya nahIM banA paate|'' ___ ve pA~ca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra haiM - 1. kAndI - kandarpa yA kAma bhoga sambandhI ceSTAyukta, 2. kailviSI - kilviSa kleza yA pApotpAdaka, 3. AbhiyogikI - abhiyoga, yuddha, kalaha, saMgharSasambandhI, AsurI - asura yA rAkSasa kI taraha saba kucha khA-pI lene kI kutsita vRtti se yukta aura sammohinI - kauTumbika yA pArivArika moha meM grasta, ye bhAvanAe~ mana meM vikAra jagAtI haiM, yogamArga se bhraSTa karatI haiN| yogI ko cAhie ki vaha inakA parityAga kara de| AcArya zubhacandra ne adhyAtma yoga kI sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM isa bAta para bahuta jora diyA ki gRhastha jIvana meM yaha samyak siddhi nahIM ho paatii| unhoMne kahA hai - __ 'aneka kaSToM se paripUrNa atyanta nindanIya, gRhavAsa meM prajJAzIla puruSa bhI pramAda kA jaya nahIM kara skte| gRhI puruSoM dvArA caMcala mana ko vaza meM kiyA jAnA zakya nahIM hai| ataeva caitasika zAnti ke lie satpuruSoM ne gRhaparityAga hI kiyA hai| isa viSaya kA aura vistAra karate hue granthakAra ne likhA hai - 'sundariyoM ke nayana rUpI ca~varoM se saMkaTApanna gRhasthAzrama meM saikar3oM prakAra ke bdandoM se du:khata citta, dhana, sampatti Adi kI durAzA-dUSita lAlasA rUpI graha se pIr3ita manuSya AtmakalyANa siddha nahIM kara skte| jo nirantara ArtadhyAna kI agni se jalatA rahatA hai, kaluSita vAsanAoM ke andhakAra se jahA~ netra dRSTi Acchanna rahatI hai, aise gRhAvAsa se vyakti aneka cintAoM ke .jvara se grasta rahate haiM, unakA Atmahita - paramazreyas siddha nahIM hotaa| jinakI buddhi, gRhavAsa ke vipatti rUpI ghora kardama meM nimagna haiM, pragAr3ha rAgamaya jvara ke bandhana se jo utpIr3ita haiM, parigraha rUpa sarpa ke viSa kI jvAlA se jo saMmUrchita haiM, ve vivekamaya sAdhanA patha para calate hue skhalita - cyuta ho jAte haiN|' AcArya zubhacandra apane vicAroM ke zikharoM para kalazArohaNa karate hue likhate haiM ki -- 'AkAza meM kadAcit puSpa laga sakate haiM, gardabha ke kadAcit zRMga ho sakate haiM kintu gRhasthAzrama meM kisI bhI samaya meM kisI bhI sthAna para dhyAna kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii|' isa sandarbha para TippaNI karate hue sAdhvI darzanalatA ne likhA hai - 1. vahI, 4/40. 2. jJAnArNava, 4/9-10. .3. vahI, 4/11-3. ____4. vahI, 4/17. 69

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"AcArya zubhacandra dArA dhyAna kI apAtratA ke kiye gae varNana meM gRhavAsiyoM ko dhyAna kA apAtra batAyA hai| yaha viSaya vizeSata: vicAraNIya evaM samIkSaNIya hai| eka ora jainadharma meM zramaNa dharma aura zramaNopAsaka dharma ke rUpa meM sarvasva tyAgI sAdhuoM aura sImita / vratapAlaka zramaNopAsakoM kI dharma sAdhanA eka sAtha calatI dRSTigocara hotI hai, vahA~ eka mahAn vidvAn tathA yoganiSTha AcArya dArA gRhastha ko adhyAtma yoga aura dhyAna sAdhanA ke lie adhikArI yA pAtra na mAnA jAnA sahasA kucha vismaya utpanna karatA hai| AcArya zubhacandra to apane yuga ke jainadharma ke mahAna stambha the| na kevala ve uccakoTi ke zabdazilpI hI the, ve bahata bar3e AtmazilpI bhI the| unhoMne yoga ke siddhAntoM ko jIvana meM utArA thA, anubhava kiyA thaa| yaha dekhA thA ki kauna-se manojJa aura amanojJa vighna sAdhaka ke jIvana meM Ate haiN| amanojJa kaThora, kaSTaprada vighnoM ko TAlane meM utanA jora nahIM par3atA jitanA manojJa tathA priya vighnoM ko TAlane meM adhyavasAya karanA par3atA hai| una priya vighnoM kA sambandha mAtA-pitA, bandhu-bhaginI, patnI-putra, Adi.se hai| unameM bhI patnI kA sthAna mohAtmakatA kI dRSTi se bar3A durlaMghya hai| eka sukhI sampanna ghara meM jahA~ abhAvamUlaka kaSTa nahIM hote, saba suvidhAe~ hotI haiM, vahA~ ye rAga-mohAtmaka vighna kaI gune adhika hote haiN| vahA~ pArivArika sambandhoM kI pragAr3hatA bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai| parivAra to aneka ikAiyoM kI samaSTi hai, jisameM pitAmaha, prapitAmaha se lekara pautra, prapautra taka kA samavAya A jAtA hai| eka bUr3hA prapitAmaha bhI jo mauta ke kagAra para pahu~cA hotA hai, apane prapautra aura prapautriyoM ke sukha-duHkha kI ciMtA se vimukta nahIM hotaa| mithilAdhipati : mahArAja janaka jaise lAkhoM, karor3oM meM koI virale hI udAharaNa hote haiM, jahA~ sukha-sampatti aura vaibhava-vilAsa ke bIca rahatA huA bhI vyakti jala-kamalavat nirlepa raha sakatA ho| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya zubhacandra ne bahuta hI spaSTa zabdoM meM sAdhanA kI dRSTi se gRhasthAzrama kI AlocanA uparyukta zabdoM meM kI hai|'' AcArya zubhacandra ne dhyAna kI parAkASThA ko mukti meM sAkSAt zreyaskara mAnakara AdhyAtmika dhyAna kI sAdhanA para jora diyA hai| aura aisA isalie ki AdhyAtmika dhyAna hI karma bandhana se chuTakArA detA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne isIlie gRhavAsiyoM ko isa dhyAna ke lie apAtra ThaharAyA hai| kyoMki sAdhana ke anusAra hI sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai aura usa sAdhya taka pahu~cane ke lie gRhAvasthA meM vaha sAdhana aura vaha ekAgratA bana hI nahIM sktii| kisI sAMsArika siddhi jaise rAvaNa kI bahurUpiNI vidyA kI siddhi hetu apane . svajanoM kI durdAnta dazA hote hue bhI rAvaNa vicalita nahIM huA thaa| yaha eka alaga prasaMga ho sakatA hai kintu AtmA se paramAtmA banane ke lie jo dhyAna Avazyaka hai vaha zrAmaNya ke binA kadAcit bhI sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki vaha bhUmikA anya dazA meM saMbhAvya hI nahIM hai| hA~ ise hama sAmAnya evaM vizeSa dhyAna ke anusAra vibhAjita avazya kara sakate haiN| 1. jJAnArNava: eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 143.

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gRhastha ke sAmAnya dhyAna ho sakatA hai kintu vizeSa AdhyAtmika dhyAna sarvathA gRhastha ke asaMbhAvya hai| isIlie eka mahAna AdhyAtmika darzanavettA AcArya zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava jaise mahAn dhyAna ke grantha meM dhyAna kI parAkASThA para pahu~ca kara mukti ke sopAna svarUpa dhyAna ko nirUpita kara gRhastha ko sarvathA dhyAna ke apAtra kahA hai| yaha dhyAna kI zreNI para AdhArita tathya ke anusAra hai| vAstava meM dhyAna vahI hai jo AtmA kI sarvotkRSTa upalabdhi ko sahaja hI pA letA hai vaha dhyAna hI AtmadhyAna hai jisakI sAdhanA zramaNa ke hI saMbhava hai| balki zramaNa bhI yadi usa dhyAna se vicalita hotA hai to vaha bhI use prApta nahIM kara sakate nakula, sahadevavat yudhiSThira, bhIma va arjuna ne usa dhyAna se mukti kA varaNa kiyA kintu nakula va sahadeva kiJcit dhyAna se vicalita hue aura mukti se vaMcita ho gae taiMtIsa sAgara taka ke lie| ata: AcArya zubhacandra kA cintana una atala gaharAiyoM se paripUrNa hai jo adhyAtma kI zalAkA ko sparzita karatA hai| dhyeya viSayaka vicAra-vimarza - dhyAna ke sandarbha meM yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki dhyAna kisakA kiyA jAe ? dUsare zabdoM meM dhyeya yA dhyAna kA Alambana kyA ho ? sAmAnya dRSTi se vicAra karane para to kisI bhI vastu yA viSaya ko dhyeya/dhyAna ke Alambana ke rUpa meM / svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki sabhI vastuoM yA viSayoM meM kama-adhika rUpa se dhyAnAkarSaNa kI kSamatA to hotI hI hai| cAhe saMsAra ke sabhI viSaya dhyAna ke Alambana hone kI pAtratA rakhate hoM, kintu una sabhI ko dhyAna kA Alambana nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| vyakti ke prayojana ke AdhAra para hI unameM se koI eka viSaya hI dhyAna kA Alambana banatA hai| ata: dhyAna ke Alambana kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai ki dhyAna kA uddezya yA prayojana kyA hai ? dUsare zabdoM meM dhyAna hama kisalie karanA cAhate haiM ? isakA nirdhAraNa sarvaprathama Avazyaka hotA hai| vaise to saMsAra ke sabhI viSaya citta ko kendrita karane kA sAmarthya rakhate haiM, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki binA kisI pUrva vicAra ke unheM dhyAna kA Alambana athavA dhyeya banAyA jaae| kisI strI kA sundara zarIra dhyAnAkarSaka yA dhyAna kA Alambana hone kI yogyatA to rakhatA hai kintu jo sAdhaka dhyAna ke mAdhyama se vikSobha yA tanAvamukta honA cAhatA hai, usake lie yaha ucita nahIM hogA ki vaha strI ke sundara zarIra ko apane dhyAna kA viSaya bnaae| kyoMki use dhyAna kA viSaya banAne se usake mana meM usake prati rAgAtmakatA utpanna hogI, . vAsanA jAgegI aura use pAne kI AkAMkSA yA bhoga kI AkAMkSA se citta meM vikSobha paidA

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hogaa| ata: kisI bhI vastu ko dhyAna kA Alambana banAne ke pUrva yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai ki hamAre dhyAna kA prayojana yA uddezya kyA hai ? jo vyakti apanI vAsanAoM kA poSaNa cAhatA hai, vahI strI zarIra ke saundarya ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAtA hai| kintu jo bhoga ke sthAna para tyAga aura vairAgya ko apane jIvana kA lakSya banAnA cAhatA hai, jo samAdhi kA icchuka hai, usake lie strI zarIra kI bIbhatsatA aura vidrUpatA hI dhyAna kA Alambana hogii| ata: dhyAna ke prayojana ke AdhAra para hI dhyeya kA nirdhAraNa karanA hotA hai| puna: dhyAna kI prazastatA aura aprazastatA bhI usake dhyeya yA Alambana para . AdhArita hotI hai, ata: prazasta dhyAna ke sAdhaka aprazasta viSayoM ko apane dhyAna kA . Alambana yA dhyeya nahIM banAte haiN|' jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM prAthamika stara para dhyAna ke lie kisI dhyeya yA Alambana kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki binA Alambana ke hI citta kI vRttiyoM ko kendrita karanA sambhava nahIM hotA hai| ve sabhI viSaya aura vastue~ jinameM vyakti kA mana rama. jAtA hai, dhyAna kA Alambana banane kI yogyatA to rakhatI haiM, kintu unameM se kisI eka ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAte samaya vyakti ko yaha vicAra karanA hotA hai ki usase vaha rAga kI ora jAegA yA virAga kI ora, usake citta meM vAsanA aura vikSobha jageMge yA samAdhi sdhegii| yadi sAdhaka kA uddezya dhyAna ke mAdhyama se citta vikSobhoM ko dUra karake samAdhi lAbha yA samatA-bhAva ko prApta karanA hai to use prazasta viSayoM ko hI apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAnA hogaa| prazasta Alambana hI vyakti ko prazasta dhyAna : kI dizA kI ora le jAtA hai| dhyAna ke Alambana ke prazasta viSayoM meM paramAtmA yA Izvara kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI dhyAna ke Alambana ke rUpa meM vItarAga paramAtmA ko dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| cAhe dhyAna padastha ho yA piNDastha, rUpastha ho yA rUpAtIta, dhyeya to paramAtmA hI hai| kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jainadharma meM AtmA aura paramAtmA bhinna nahIM haiN| AtmA kI zuddhadazA hI paramAtmA hai| isalie jaina darzana meM dhyAtA aura dhyeya abhinna haiN| sAdhaka AtmA dhyAna sAdhanA meM apane hI zuddha svarUpa ko dhyeya banAtA hai| AtmA, AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko hI dhyeya karatA hai / jisa paramAtmasvarUpa ko dhyAtA dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai vaha usakA apanA hI zuddhasvarUpa hai| puna: dhyAna meM jo dhyeya banatA hai vaha vastu nahIM, citta kI vRtti hotI hai| dhyAna meM citta hI dhyeya kA AkAra grahaNa karake hamAre sAmane upasthita hotA hai| ata: dhyAtA bhI citta hai aura dhyeya bhI citta hai| jise hama dhyeya kahate haiM, vaha hamArA apanA hI nija rUpa hai, 1. jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM dhyAna, pR. 21-2. 2. jJAnArNava, 32/95. 3. appA so paramappA, 4. tattvAnuzAsana, 74.

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hamArA apanA hI projekzana hai| dhyAna vaha kalA hai, jisameM dhyAtA apane ko hI dhyeya banAkara svayaM usakA sAkSI banatA hai| hamArI vRttiyA~ hI hamAre dhyAna kA Alambana hotI haiM aura unake mAdhyama se hama apanA hI darzana karate haiN| jainadarzana meM Atmabhinna paramAtmA bhI prAthamika bhUmikA vAle sAdhaka yogI ke lie dhyeya rUpa svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki viSaya vivecana meM AcArya zubhacandra ne kahA hai - nirmala mati ke dhAraka tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara Adi ne jo vastu utpAda Adi rUpa lakSaNa se sahita hai use dhyeya (dhyAna ke yogya) batalAyA hai|' vaha vastu cetana (jIva) aura acetana (pudagala Adi pA~ca dravya) ke bheda se do prakAra kI hai| usameM cetana amUrta (rUpa, rasa, gandha va sparza se rahita), parantu acetana krama se mUrta aura amUrta bhI hai| arthAt pudagala dravya mUrta aura zeSa dharma, aMdharma, AkAza aura kAla amUrta haiN| jisane zuddha dhyAna arthAt nirmala zukladhyAna ke dvArA karma rupa kavaca ko naSTa kara diyA hai tathA jo samasta padArthoM kA jJAtA dRSTA hai vaha mukti ke dvArA varaNa kiyA jAne vAlA deva (Apta) mAnA gayA hai| jo cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa karake ananta catuSTaya ko prApta kara cukA hai vaha sakala (zarIrasahita) paramAtmA tathA jo AThoM hI karmoM ko naSTa karake ATha guNoM ko prApta kara cukA hai vaha nikala (zarIra se rahita) paramAtmA hai| vaha bhagavAn paramAtmA sva-para kA kalyANa karane vAlA hai| . buddhimAna muniyoM ko dharmadhyAna meM cetana aura acetana lakSaNoM se cihnita ina jIvAdi padArthoM kA apane-apane svarUpa ke anusAra dhyAna karanA caahie| ___ AtmA bhAva dravya hai| usa dravya kI lahareM sadA hI ullasita rahatI haiN| koI kSaNa bhAvarahita nahIM hotaa| yaha alaga bAta hai ki usakA bhAvita honA vibhAva rUpa se ho yA svabhAva rUpa se, magara svayaM usakA kabhI abhAva nahIM hotA hai| abhAva hotA hai, mAtra Agantuka va saMyogI para-padArtha va parabhAvoM kA hI aura tabhI usakA svabhAva bhI camaka uThatA hai| bhAva kA honA hI guNa hai, zakti hai aura isakI hI abhivyakti hai| yaha AtmA vartamAna meM jaisA bhI guNa rUpa se hai arthAt jidhara va jaisA rahatI hai| abhivyakti pravAha hai- jidhara bhI mor3o mor3a do| ata: jJAnI prakRta rUpa se vibhAva kI tarapha bahane vAlI abhivyakti ko svabhAva - jJAna kI tarapha hI mor3ate haiN| ata: utkRSTa parama nirmala arhat-tIrthaMkara puruSa-sama nirmala AtmA hI dhyeya hai aura usakA bhAva hI arcanIya hai| zuddha jJAyaka va jJAna bhAva hI ata: dhyeya bhAva hai| dhyAna meM bhAne yogya kucha bhAvanAe~ - jaina dhyAna-yoga paramparA meM dhyAna ke pUrva evaM dhyAna ke pazcAt avaziSTa kAla meM 1. jJAnArNava, 28/17. 13

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dhyAtA kI vicAra saraNI para bhI dRSTipAt kiyA gayA hai| usameM usakI apanI bhAvanAoM kA prabhAva dhyAna kI ekAgratA evaM sthiratA para hotA hai| isalie lagabhaga pratyeka jainAcArya ne dhyAna evaM vratoM ke anupAlana ke lie nirantara bhAvanAoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| jinheM nimnataH dekhA jA sakatA hai - ___1. Urdhva, madhya aura adha: ina tInoM lokoM meM, merA koI bhI nahIM hai, maiM ekAkI AtmA huuN| aisI bhAvanA karane se yogI zAzvata sthAna ko prApta karatA hai|' 2. maiM azaraNarUpa, azubharUpa, anitya, du:khamaya aura pararUpa saMsAra meM nivAsa karatA hU~ aura mokSa isase viparIta hai, isa prakAra sAmAyika meM dhyAna karanA caahie| / ____ 3. maiM eka hU~, nirmama hU~, zuddha hU~, jJAnI hU~, jJAnI-yogIndroM ke jJAna kA viSaya huuN| inake sivAya jitane bhI strI, dhana Adi saMyogI bhAva haiM ve saba mujhase sarvathA bhinna haiN|' 4. maiM nizcaya se sadA eka, zuddha, darzana-jJAnAtmaka aura arUpI huuN| merA paramANumAtra bhI anya kucha nahIM hai| maiM na para-padArthoM kA hU~ aura na para-padArtha mere haiM, maiM to jJAna svarUpa akelA hI huuN| 5. na maiM deha hU~, na mana hU~, na vANI hU~ aura na unakA kAraNa hI huuN| 6. na maiM para-padArthoM kA hU~ aura na para-padArtha mere haiM / yahA~ merA kucha bhI nahIM hai| 7. jo kevalajJAna va kevaladarzana svabhAva se yukta, sukhasvarUpa aura kevala vIrya svabhAva hai vahI maiM hU~, isa prakAra jJAnI jIva ko vicAra karanA caahie|' 8. maiMne apane hI vibhrama se utpanna hue rAgAdika atula bandhanoM se baMdhe hue ananta kAla paryanta saMsAra rUpa durgama mArga meM biDambanA rUpa hokara viparItAcaraNa kiyaa| 9. yadyapi merA AtmA paramAtmA hai, paraMjyoti hai. jagatzreSTha hai. mahAna hai. to bhI vartamAna dekhane mAtra ko ramaNIka aura anta meM nIrasa aise indriyoM ke viSayoM se ThagAyA gayA huuN| 10. ananta catuSTayAdi guNa samUha mere to zakti kI apekSA vidyamAna haiM aura arhata-siddhoM meM ve hI vyakta haiN| itanA hI hama donoM meM bheda hai|10 1. mokSapAhuDa, 8. 2.ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 104. 3. iSTopadeza, 27. 4. samayasAra, 38. 5. pravacanasAra, 2/68. 6. tiloyapaNNattI, 9/34. 7. vahI, 9/46. 8. jJAnArNava, 31/2. 9. vahI, 31/8. 10. vahI, 31/10.

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11. na to maiM nArakI hU~, na tiryaJca hU~ aura na manuSya yA deva hI huuN| kintu siddha svarUpa huuN| ye saba avasthAe~ to karmavipAka se utpanna huI haiN|' 12. maiM anantavIrya, anantavijJAna, anantadarzana va ananta Ananda svarUpa huuN| isa kAraNa kyA viSavRkSa ke samAna ina karmazatruoM ko jar3amUla se na ukhaaiiN| 13. bandha kA vinAza karane ke lie vizeSa bhAvanA kahate haiM - maiM to sahajazuddha jJAnAnanda svabhAvI hU~, nirvikalpa tathA udAsIna hU~, niraana nija zuddha AtmA ke samyak zraddhAna, jJAna va anuSThAnarUpa nizcaya ratnatrayAtmaka nirvikalpa samAdhi se utpanna vItarAga sahajAnanda rUpa sukhAnubhUti hI hai lakSaNa jisakA aise svasaMvedanajJAna ke gamya huuN| bharitAvasthAvat paripUrNa huuN| rAgadveSa moha, krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha se tathA paMcendriyoM ke viSayoM se, mana, vacana va kAya ke vyApAra se tathA bhAvakarma, dravyakarma aura nokarma se rahita huuN| khyAti-pUjA-lAbha se dekhe, sune va anubhava kiye hue bhogoM kI AkAMkSA rUpa nidAna tathA mAyA, mithyA ina tIna zalyoM ko Adi lekara sarva vibhAva pariNAmoM se rahita huuN|' 14. vItarAga bhAva se yukta hotA huA yogI jo kucha bhI cintavana karatA hai vahI dhyAna hai, isase anya paramparA se Agata grantha kA vistAramAtra hai| dhyAna ke bheda-prabheda - . mUlAcAra Adi aneka prAcIna granthoM meM dhyAna kesAmAnyase ye cAra bheda upalabdha hote haiM - Artta, raudra, dharma aura shukl| inameM prathama do ko saMsAra kA kAraNa hone se aprazasta aura antima do ko paramparayA athavA sAkSAt muktikA kAraNa hone se prazasta kahA gayA hai|' dhyAna ke pUrvokta Arta Adi cAra bhedoM meM se pratyeka ke bhI pRthak-pRthakvahA~ cAra bhedoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI AcArya vIrasena dArA viracita dhavalA TIkA meM yaha eka vizeSatA dekhI jAtI hai ki vahA~ dhyAna ke dharma aura zukla ina do bhedoM kA hI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| Arta aura raudra ina do bhedoM ko vahA~ sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / sambhava hai vahA~ tapa kA prakaraNa hone se Artta varaudra ina aprazasta dhyAnoM kI parigaNanA nahIM kI gaI ho / kintu tapa kA prakaraNa hone para bhI mUlAcAra, tattvArthasUtra aura aupapAtikasUtra meM uparyukta Artta aura raudra ko sammilita kara dhyAna ke pUrvokta cAra bhedoM kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| hA~, AcArya hemacandra viracita yogazAstra meM avazya dhavalA ke hI samAna dhyAna ke do bheda nirdiSTa kiye gae haiM - dharma aura shukl| 1. vahI, 31/12. ___2. jJAnArNava, 31/13. 3. samayasAra, tAtparyavRtti, gAthA 365. 4. dhyAnopadezakoSa, 85. 5. mUlAcAra, 5/197. tattvArthasUtra, 9/28. dhyAnazataka, 5. Adi 6. dhavalA, pu. 13, pR. 70.

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svayaM vIrasenAcArya ke ziSya AcArya jinasena ne bhI sAmAnya se dhyAna ke prazasta aura aprazasta ina do bhedoM kA nirdeza karake unameM aprazasta ko Artta aura raudra ke bheda se do prakAra tathA prazasta ko dharma aura zukla ke bheda se do prakAra batalAyA hai| isa prakAra vahA~ dhyAna ke uparyukta cAra bhedoM kA hI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| idhara kucha arvAcIna dhyAna sAhitya meM dhyAna ke pUrvokta cAra bhedoM ke atirikta piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ye anya cAra bheda bhI upalabdha hote haiN| inakA srota kahA~ hai tathA ve uttarottara kisa prakAra se vikAsa ko prApta hue haiM, yaha vicAraNIya hai| ina bhedoM kA nirdeza mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, tattvArthasUtra va usakI TIkAoM meM tathA sthAnAMga, samavAMga, bhagavatIsUtra, dhyAnazataka, harivaMzapurANa aura AdipurANa Adi granthoM meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ina bhedoM kA ullekha hameM AcArya devasena (10 vIM zatI) viracita bhAvasaMgraha meM upalabdha hotA hai| jaisA ki Age Apa dekheMge inake nAmoM kA ullekha yogIndu (sambhavata: 6vIM zatI) viracita yogasAra meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| isase pUrva ke anya kisI grantha meM vaha hameM dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| padmasiMha muni viracita jJAnasAra (vi. 1086) meM arahanta kI pradhAnatA se piNDastha, padastha aura rUpastha ina tIna kI prarUpaNA dharmadhyAna ke prasaMga meM kI gaI hai| vahA~ rUpAtIta kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| inakA kucha saMketa tattvAnuzAsana meM bhI prApta hotA hai|' vahA~ dhyeya ke nAmAdi cAra bhedoM ke prasaMga meM dravya dhyeya ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna meM cUMki dhyAtA ke zarIra meM sthita hI dhyeya artha kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai, isIlie kitane hI AcArya use piNDastha dhyeya kahate haiN| isake pUrva vahA~ nAma dhyeya ke prasaMga meM jo aneka mantroM ke japane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| usase padastha dhyAna kA saMketa milatA hai| isI prakAra sthApanA dhyeya meM jinenDha pratimAoM kA tathA Dhavya-bhAva dhyeya ke prasaMga meM jJAnasvarUpa AtmA aura pA~ca parameSThiyoM ke dhyAna kA bhI jo vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usase rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAna bhI sUcita hote haiN| yahA~ Artta aura raudra ko durdhyAna kahakara tyAjya tathA dharmya aura zukla ko samIcIna dhyAna batalAkara upAdeya kahA gayA hai| yahA~ dharma dhyAna ke AjJA va apAyavicaya Adi tathA zukla dhyAna ke pRthaktvavitarkasavIcAra Adi bhedoM kA kucha bhI nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya nemicandra siddhAntideva (11 vIM zatI) viracita dravyasaMgraha meM dhyAna ke Arta Adi kinhIM bhedoM kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| para vahA~ parameSThIvAcaka aneka padoM kejapane aura pA~ca parameSThiyoM ke svarUpa ke vicAra karane kI jo preraNA kI gaI hai, usase pUrvokta piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAnoM kA kucha saMketa milatA hai| isake TIkAkAra brahmadevasUri (11-12 1. AdipurANa, 21/27-9. 2. bhAvasaMgraha, 619-22. 3. jJAnasAra, 18. . 4. tattvAnuzAsana, 134. 5. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 48. 76

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vIM zatI) ne gAthA 48 kI TIkA meM padasthaM mantravAkyasthaM piNDasthaM svAtmacintanaM / / rUpasthaM sarvacidrUpaM rUpAtItaM niraJjanam / / ' isa zloka ko uddhRta karate hue Arta Adi ke sAtha isa prakAra ke vicitra dhyAna kI sUcanA kI hai|' ___ AcArya amitagati dvitIya (11vIM zatI) viracita zrAvakAcAra ke 15veM pariccheda meM dhyAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ prathamata: dhyAna ke Artta, raudra Adi cAra bhedoM kA vivecana karate hue dhyAna ke icchuka jIva ke lie dhyAtA, dhyeya, dhyAna kI vidhi aura dhyAnaphala ina cAra ke jAna lene kI preraNA dI gaI hai| tatpazcAt usI krama se unakA nirUpaNa karate hue vahA~ dhyeya ke prasaMga meM padastha, piNDastha, rUpastha aura arUpa yA rUpAtIta ina cAra kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ padastha dhyAna kA nirdeza piNDastha ke pUrva meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vasunandI (12 vIM zatI) viracita zrAvakAcAra meM inakA nirUpaNa padastha, piNDastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ke krama se kiyA gayA hai| yogIcandra yA yogIndudeva praNIta yogasAra meM ina cAroM dhyAnoM ke nAma mAtra kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. upAdhye ne . yogIndu ke samaya para vicAra karate hue unake IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hone kI kalpanA kI hai| tadanusAra yadi ve chaThI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hue haiM to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ukta piNDastha Adi dhyAnoM kA nirdeza sarvaprathama unhIM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai|' - AcArya hemacandrasUri (12-13 vIM zatI) viracita yogazAstra meM dhyAna ke antargata Arta aura raudra ina do aprazasta dhyAnoM kA kahIM koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA gyaa| vahAM piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ina cAra bhedoM kI prarUpaNA krama se sAtaveM, AThaveM, nauveM aura dasaveM ina cAra prakAzoM meM kI gaI hai| tadanantara isI dasaveM prakAza meM AjJAvicayAdi cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta dharmadhyAna kA nirUpaNa karake Age gyArahaveM prakAza meM zukladhyAna kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhAskaranandI (12 vIM zatI) viracita dhyAnastava meM dhyAnazataka ke samAna hI prathamata: Arta Adi cAra bhedoM kA nirdeza karate hue unameM Adi ke do ko saMsAra kA aura antima do ko mukti kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| Age unameM se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra bhedoM kA / nirUpaNa karate hue piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ke bheda se ukta samasta dhyAna ko cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| tadanantara ina cAroM ke pRthak-pRthaka svarUpa ko bhI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| 1.yogasAra, 98. 2. vasunandI zrAvakAcAra, 469-74. 3. paramAtmaprakAza, prastAvanA, pR. 115. 4. yogazAstra, 1-4 5. dhyAnastava, 5-36. 6. jJAnArNava, 3/28. 77

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AcArya zubhacandra ne saMkSepa se dhyAna ke azubha, zubha aura zuddha ye tIna hI bheda kie haiN| isake alAvA Artta, raudra, dharma aura zukla ina cAra bhedoM ko inameM hI samAviSTa jAnanA caahie| ullekhanIya hai ki unhoMne apane jJAnArNava meM piNDasthAdicAra bhedoM kI prarUpaNA saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna ke prasaMga meM vistRta rUpa se kI hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jJAnArNava ke kartA ko ye bheda saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna ke antargata abhISTa rahe haiN| para unhoMne isakA kucha spaSTa nirdeza na karate hue itanA mAtra kahA hai ki piNDasthAdi ke bheda se dhyAna cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| dhyAnazataka meM caturtha (saMsthAnavicaya) dharmadhyAna kA viSaya bahuta vyApaka rUpa meM . upalabdha hotA hai| vahA~ isa dhyAna meM dravyoM ke lakSaNa, saMsthAna, Asana, bheda aura pramANa ke sAtha unakI utpAda, sthiti va vyaya rUpa paryAyoM ko bhI cintanIya kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI vahA~ paMcAstikAya svarUpa loka ke vibhAgoM aura upayoga svarUpa jIva ke saMsAra va usase mukta hone ke upAya ke bhI vicAra karane kI preraNA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra ukta saMsthAnavicaya kI vyApakatA ko dekhate hue yadi jJAnArNavakAra ko pUrvokta piNDastha Adi bhedaM usakeM antargata abhISTa rahe haiM to yaha saMgata hI mAnA jaaegaa| ina sabake atirikta dhyAna ke caubIsa bhedoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jinameM bAraha dhyAna kramaza: dhyAna, zUnya, kalA, jyoti, bindunAda, tArA, laya, lava, mAtrA, pada aura siddhi haiM tathA ina dhyAnoM ke sAtha 'parama' pada lagAne se dhyAna ke anya bheda banate haiN| uparyukta vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki jainAcAryoM ko dhyAna ke cAra bheda hI abhISTa rahe haiN| dhyAna ke anya bheda dhyAna ke inhIM bhedoM meM antargarbhita ho jAte haiN| dhyAna kI manovaijJAnikatA - bahuta-se Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM ne dhyAna para vicAra kiyA hai| maikDUgala ne kahA hai ki - 'jJAnAtmaka prakriyA ke dRSTikoNa se dhyAna eka jJAnaM athavA prayAsa hai|' usake anusAra avadhAna yA dhyAna ko jJAna prApta karane hetu mana kI eka ceSTA kahA jAtA sakatA hai| dhyAna kI pratikriyA sakriyatA kA eka cihna hai| dhyAna kA ruci se ghaniSTha sambandha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai, donoM eka vastu ko dekhane ke do dRSTikoNa haiM, kyoMki mAnasika DhA~coM meM eka svabhAva kA saMgaThana karanA donoM meM hI AdhArabhUta hai| ruci gupta dhyAna hai, jabaki dhyAna ruci kA kriyAtmaka phlu| ___ Adhunika manovijJAna meM dhyAna eka kriyA hI mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki dhyAna dene . kA tAtparya hotA hai - apanI kriyA ko kendrita karanA / yaha tathya ki pratyeka vyakti 1. dhyAnazataka, 52. 2. vahI, 53-60. 4. Outline of Psychology. P. 272. 3. vahI, 61. 78

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nyUnAdhika rUpa se dhyAna detA hai, prANiyoM ke vyavahAra kA AdhArabhUta lakSaNa hai| jaisA ki kisI ne kahA - eka nirdiSTa kSaNa meM aneka prApta uttejanAoM ke prati samAna rUpa se pratikriyA karane kI apekSA prANI kucha cunI huI uttejanAoM ke prati hI pratikriyA karatA hai| eka uttejanA yA uttejanAoM ke eka samUha para apanA dhyAna kendrita karatA hai aura zeSa kI lagabhaga upekSA kara detA hai| dUsare hI kSaNa dUsarI uttejanA kendra meM A jAtI hai| yahA~ dhyAna dene kA tAtparya hai - kisI vastu ko dekhane yA kisI kArya ko karane ke lie tatpara yA taiyAra honaa| yaha dhyAna yadyapi kSaNika hI hotA hai kintu jaba vaha eka hI kAma meM lagA rahatA hai taba usameM pAyI jAne vAlI nirantaratA kA saMcAra use sthiratA detA hai| aranesTa vUDa ke vicAra yoga ke siddhAntoM se bahuta kucha milate-julate haiN| usake anusAra jahA~ dhyAna prArambha hotA hai, vahA~ dhAraNA samApta ho jAtI hai|' dhAraNA kA uddezya hotA hai, mAnasika dRzya ke laghu kSetra para avadhAna ko kendrita karanA, jisase ki usa viSaya para caitanya kA prakAza adhika tIvra ho ske| dhAraNA meM dRzyakSetra kA saMkucana hotA hai / dhyAna meM usakA vistAra hai| dhAraNA meM spaSTa dRzya avalokita hotA hai| dhyAna meM use adhika vistAra, gaharAI evaM U~cAiyoM meM varddhita kiyA jAtA hai| ata: dhyAna kI saphalatA meM dhAraNA kI saphalatA svayaM nihita hai / dhyAnamagna-vyakti zArIrika dRSTi se supta dikhalAI par3atA hai, kintu dhyAna aura suSupti meM bahuta antara hai| dhyAna AtmaracanA kA eka mahAn kArya hai| vastuta: jo kArya anavadhAna dazA meM mana nahIM kara sakatA hai, vahI mana usI kArya ko avadhAna-dazA meM saralatA se kara sakatA hai| dhyAna mAnavamAtra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, apitu anivAryatA hai| jisake binA vaha apane kArya kA samyak rIti se sampAdana nahIM kara sakatA / pratyeka kArya ko dhyAnapUrvaka karane se hI kArya sugama aura sarala hotA huA suphalavAn hone ke sAtha AnandadAyI hotA hai| lokakalyANakArI evaM janamaMgalakArI kAryoM ko niSpAdita karane ke lie zubha evaM samIcIna dhyAna kI apekSA hogI hii| jise sampanna karane ke lie AcArya zubhacandra jo jJAnArNava ke rUpa meM jo yogadAna diyA hai vaha anupameya evaM atulanIya hai| . 1. Concentration : A Practical Course. P. 93. 79

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caturtha adhyAya dhyAna kI siddhi meM sahAyaka sAmagrI dhyAna kI sahAyaka sAdhana sAmagrI ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama AcArya zrI.zubhacandra deva ne ratnatraya kI zuddhatA kA nirdeza kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai - "jJAnIjanoM ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI zuddhipUrvaka hI dhyAna kahA hai ukta ratnatraya kI zuddhi ke binA jIvoM kA dhyAna karanA vyartha hai kyoMki usa dhyAna se mokSa rUpa prayojana kI siddhi nahIM hotii|''1 "jo puruSa sAkSAt ratnatraya ko prApta nahIM karake dhyAna karanA cAhatA hai vaha mUrkha AkAza ke phUloM se bandhyA ke putra ke lie seharA banAnA cAhatA hai|''2 isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dhyAna ke lie dhyAna se pUrva kI bhUmikA kI taiyArI meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI vivecanA anivArya hai - 1. samyagdarzana - samyagdarzana kA zAbdika artha - samyagdarzana samyak aura darzana ina do zabdoM se milakara niSpanna hotA hai| 'samyak' zabda avyutpanna hai arthAt rauDhika hai athavA vyutpanna arthAt vyAkaraNasiddha bhI hai| 'sam' upasarga pUrvaka 'aJca' dhAtu se kvip pratyaya karane para 'samyak' zabda banatA hai| saMskRta meM isakI vyutpatti 'samaJcati iti samyak' isa prakAra mAnI jAtI hai| jisakA artha hai prshNsaa| yaha prazasta rUpa gati, jAti, Ayu, vijJAnAdi abhyudaya aura ni:zreyasa kA pradhAna kAraNa hotA hai| 'samyagiSTArthatattvayoH' isa pramANa ke anusAra samyak zabda kA prayoga iSTArtha aura tattva artha meM hotA hai| ata: isakA prazaMsArtha ucita nahIM hai, isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki nipAta zabdoM ke aneka artha hote haiN| athavA 'samyak' kA artha tattva bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| athavA yaha kvip pratyayAnta zabda hai| isakA artha hai jo padArtha jaisA hai use vaisA hI jAnane vaalaa| darzana zabda kA artha - darzana zabda dRzi dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai jisakA artha dekhanA hai kintu yahA~ mokSamArga kA prakaraNa hone se isakA zraddhAna artha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki dhAtuoM ke aneka artha hote haiN| darzana zabda bhI jainAgamoM 1. jJAnArNava, 6/3. 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 1/1/5. 2. vahI, 6/4. 4. rAjavArtika, 1/2/1/19. . 80

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meM aneka arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| jIvAdi padArthoM ke svarUpa dekhanA, jAnanA, zraddhA karanA 'darzana' hai| sAmAnyatayA darzana zabda dekhane ke artha meM vyavahRta hotA hai, lekina yahA~ darzana zabda kA artha mAtra netrajanya bodha nahIM hai / isameM indriyabodha, manobodha aura Atmabodha sabhI sammilita haiN| darzana zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM kAphI vicAra huA hai| darzana ko jJAna se alaga karate hue vicArakoM ne darzana ko antarbodha yA prajJA aura jJAna ko bauddhika jJAna kahA hai| naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para darzana zabda kA dRSTikoNaparaka artha kiyA gayA hai| darzana zabda ke sthAna para 'dRSTi' zabda kA prayoga, usake dRSTikoNaparaka artha kA dyotaka hai| ___prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM darzana zabda ke sthAna para dRSTi zabda kA prayoga adhika . milatA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM darzana zabda deva, guru aura dharma ke prati zraddhA yA bhakti ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM samyagdarzana apane meM tattva-sAkSAtkAra AtmasAkSAtkAra, antarbodha, dRSTikoNa, zraddhA aura bhakti Adi arthoM ko sameTe hue hai| samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa aura bheda - AcArya zubhacandra ne apane grantha jJAnArNava meM samyagdarzana kA vistAra se kathana kiyA hai| ve samyagdarzana ke lakSaNa va bheda batalAte hue kahate haiM - vaha samyagdarzana nisarga (svabhAva se) athavA adhigama (paropadeza) se bhavya jIva ke hI utpanna hotA hai abhavya ke nahIM hotaa| AcArya Adi ke sAkSAt upadeza ke binA pUrvabhava ke saMskAravaza svabhAva se hI tattvArtha kI jo ruci utpanna hotI hai use nisargaja samyagdarzana kahate haiM tathA jo dUsaroM ke upadeza Adi se tattva kI zraddhadA utpanna hotI hai use adhigamaja samyagdarzana kahate haiN| . durabhiniveza - viparIta abhiprAya rahita padArthoM kA zraddhAna kartavya-akartavya kA viveka samyagdarzana kahA jAtA hai, kinhIM ko svabhAva se hI hotA hai aura kinhIM ko upadezapUrvaka / AjJA Adi kI apekSA se yaha daza prakAra kA tathA karmoM ke upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama kI apekSA se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| inameM se pahale ke do atyanta nirmala hote haiM para tIsarA samala hone se kadAcit isameM kucha aticAra saMbhava hote haiN| rAga ke sadbhAva va abhAva kI apekSA bhI isake bheda hote haiM / yathA - sarAga 1. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa 5, pR. 2425. 2. sama prAblemsa ina jaina sAiklojI, pR. 32. 3. abhidhAnarAjendra koza, khaNDa 8, pR. 2525. 4. tattvArthasUtra, 1/2. 5. uttarAdhyayana, 28/35. 6. jJAnArNava, 6/6

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samyagdarzana va vItarAga samyagdarzana / ' yahA~ sarAga to prazama, saMvega Adi guNoM ke bdArA , anumAnagamya hai aura vItarAga kevala svAnubhavagamya hai| ina sabhI bhedoM ko ni:zaMkitAdi guNoM se bhUSita honA cAhie / samyaktva aura jJAna meM mahAn antara hotA hai, jo ki sUkSma vicAra ke binA pakar3a meM nahIM aataa| jitanI bhI vikalpAtmaka upalabdhiyA~, zraddhA, anubhava Adi haiM ve saba jJAna rUpa haiM samyagdarzana to nirvikalpa hone ke kAraNa antara meM abhiprAya yA labdhi rUpa avasthita mAtra rahA karatA hai| mokSa meM isakA sarvocca sthAna hai kyoMki isake binA AgamajJAna, cAritra, vrata, tapa Adi saba vRthA haiN| samyagdarzanoM ke lakSaNoM meM bhI svAtmasaMvedana sarvapradhAna haiM kyoMki binA isake tattvoM kI zraddhA Adi akiciMtkara hai| samyagdarzana ko prApta karane ke samaya upalabdha hone vAle nimittoM kI apekSA jAtismaraNa, jinabimba, jinamahimadarzana Adi ko bhI isameM nimitta svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha samyagdarzana sarvaprathama hone se prathamopazama samyaktva ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isake anantara niyama se girakara mithyAtva ko prApta hotA hai| kadAcit usake bAda vedaka samyaktva tathA tatpUrvaka dvitIyopazama yA kSAyika ho sakatA hai| kintu kSAyika samyagdarzana kI prApti meM vizeSatA yaha hotI hai ki yaha karmabhUmija manuSyoM ko kevalI yA zrutakevalI ke pAdamUla meM hI Arambha hotA hai| samyagdarzana kI pAtratA - eka anAdi mithyAdRSTi, jise Aja taka kabhI samyagdarzana prApta nahIM huA hai aura dUsare sAdi mithyAdRSTi, jise samyagdarzana prApta hokara chUTa gayA hai| anAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva ke mohanIya karma kI chabbIsa prakRtiyoM kI sattA hotI hai, kyoMki usake darzanamohanIya kI mithyAtva, samyaktvamithyAtva aura samyaktvaprakRti ina tIna prakRtiyoM meM se eka mithyAtva prakRti kA hI bandha hotA hai, zeSa do kA nhiiN| prathamopazama samyagdarzana hone para usake prabhAva se yaha jIva mithyAtvaprakRti ke mithyAtva, samyagmithyAtva aura samyaktvaprakRti ke bheda se tIna khaNDa karatA hai| isa taraha sAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva ke hI samyagmithyAtva aura samyaktvaprakRti kI sattA ho sakatI hai| sAdi mithyAdRSTi jIvoM meM mohanIya karma kI sattA ke tIna vikalpa banate haiM - 1. aTThAIsa prakRtiyoM kI sattA vAlA, 2. sattAIsa prakRtiyoM kI sattA vAlA aura 3. chabbIsaprakRtiyoM kI sattA vaalaa| jisa jIva ke darzanamoha kI tInoM prakRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM vaha ahAIsa prakRtiyoM kI sattA vAlA hai| jisa jIva ke samyaktvaprakRti kI udelanA ho gaI hai vaha sattAIsa prakRtiyoM kI sattA 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 1/2. 2. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 648. 3. vahI, karmakANDa, gAthA 26. 82

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vAlA hai aura jisane samyagmithyAtva prakRti kI bhI uDhelanA kara lI hai vaha chabbIsa prakRtiyoM kI sattA vAlA hotA hai|' AtmadRSTi hI samyagdRSTi - samyagdarzana ke viSaya meM nyAyAcArya DaoN. mahendrakumAra ne tattva nirUpaNa nAmaka lekha meM apane maulika va marmasparzI vicAra prakaTa karate hue likhA hai - "buddha ke tattvajJAna kA prArambha duHkha se hotA hai aura usakI samApti hotI hai du:khanivRtti meM / ve samajhate haiM ki AtmA arthAt upaniSadavAdiyoM ko nitya AtmA aura nitya AtmA meM svabuddhi aura dUsare padArthoM meM parabuddhi hone lagatI hai| sva-para vibhAga ke rAgadveSa se yaha saMsAra bana jAtA hai| ata: samasata anarthoM kI jar3a AtmadRSTi hai| ve isa ora dhyAna nahIM dete ki AtmA kI nityatA aura anityatA rAga aura virAga kA kAraNa nahIM hai| rAga aura virAga kA kAraNa to svarUpa kA ajJAna aura svarUpa kA samyagjJAna se hai| rAga kA kAraNa hai para padArthoM meM mamakAra karanA / jaba isa AtmA ko samajhAyA jAtA hai ki mUrkha, terA svarUpa to nirvikAra, akhaNDa caitanya hai, terA ina strI-putrAdi tathA zarIra meM mamatva karanA vibhAva hai, svabhAva nahIM, taba yaha sahaja hI apane nirvikAra svabhAva kI ora dRSTi DAlane lagatA hai aura isI vivekadRSTi yA samyagdarzana se para-padArthoM se rAgadveSa haTAkara svarUpa meM lIna hone lagatA hai| isI ke kAraNa Asrava rukate haiM, aura citta nirAsrava hone lagatA hai| isa pratikSaNa parivartanazIla ananta dravyamaya loka meM maiM eka AtmA hU~, merA kisI dUsare AtmA yA pudgaladravyoM se koI sambandha nahIM hai| maiM apane caitanya kA svAmI huuN| mAtra caitanyarUpa huuN| yaha zarIra ananta pudgala paramANuoM kA eka piNDa hai| isakA maiM svAmI nahIM huuN| yaha saba paradravya haiN| para padArthoM meM iSTAniSTa buddhi karanA hI saMsAra hai| Aja taka maiMne para padArthoM ko apane anukUla pariNamana karAne kI anadhikAra ceSTA hI kI hai| maiMne yaha bhI anadhikAra ceSTA kI hai ki saMsAra ke adhika-se-adhika padArtha mere adhIna hoM, jaisA maiM cAhU~ vaisA ve pariNamana kreN| unakI vRtti mere anukUla ho| para mUrkha, tU to eka vyakti hai| tU to kevala apane pariNamana para arthAt apane vicAroM aura kriyA para hI adhikAra rakha sakatA hai| para padArthoM para terA vAstavika adhikAra kyA hai ? terI yaha anadhikAra ceSTA hI rAga aura dveSa ko utpanna karatI hai| tU cAhatA hai ki zarIra, strI, putra, parijana Adi saba tere izAre para cleN| saMsAra ke samasta padArtha tere adhIna hoM, tU trailokya ko apane izAre para nacAne vAlA ekamAtra Izvara bana jAeM / yaha saba terI niradhikAra ceSTAe~ haiN| tU jisa taraha saMsAra ke adhikatama padArthoM ko apane anukUla pariNamana karAke apane adhIna karanA cAhatA hai usI taraha tere jaise ananta mUDha cetana bhI yahI durvAsanA liye hue haiM aura dUsare dravyoM ko apane adhIna karanA cAhate haiN| isI chInA-jhapaTI meM saMgharSa hotA hai, hisA hotI hai, rAgadveSa hote haiM aura hotA hai antata: duHkha hI duHkh| 1. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9/1/13 pR. 588. 83

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sukha aura duHkha kI sthUla paribhASA yaha hai ki 'jo cAho so hove, ise kahate haiM sukha aura cAheM kucha aura hove kucha yA jo cAhe vaha na hove ise kahate haiM duHkha / ' manuSya kI cAha sadA yahI rahatI hai ki mujhe sadA iSTa kA saMyoga rahe aura aniSTa kA saMyoga na ho| samasta bhautika jagat aura anya cetana mere anukUla pariNati karate raheM, zarIra nIroga ho, mRtyu na ho, dhana-dhAnya ho, prakRti anukUla rahe Adi na jAne kitane prakAra kI cAha isa zekhacillI mAnava ko hotI rahatI hai| buddha ne jisa duHkha ko sarvAnubhUta batAyA hai, vaha saba abhAvakRta hI to hai| mahAvIra ne isa tRSNA kA kAraNa batAyA hai 'svarupa kI maryAdA kA ajJAna' / yadi manuSya ko yaha patA ho ki - 'jinakI maiM cAha karatA hU~, aura jinakI tRSNA karatA hU~, ve padArtha mere nahIM haiM, maiM to eka cinmAtra hU~, to use anucita tRSNA hI utpanna na hogii|' sArAMza yaha ki duHkha kA kAraNa tRSNA hai, aura tRSNA kI ubhUti svAdhikAra evaM svarUpa ke ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna ke kAraNa hotI hai, para-padArthoM ko apanA mAnane ke kAraNa hotI hai| ata: usakA uccheda bhIsvasvarUpa ke samyagjJAna yAni sva-para viveka se hI ho sakatA hai| isa mAnava ne apane svarUpa aura adhikAra kI sImA ko na jAnakara sadA mithyAjJAna kiyA hai aura para padArthoM ke nimitta se jagat meM aneka kalpita U~ca-nIca bhAvoM kI sRSTi kara mithyA ahaMkAra kA poSaNa kiyA hai| zarIrAzrita yA jIvikAzrita brAhmaNa, kSatriyAdi vargoM ko lekara U~ca-nIca vyavahAra kI bhedaka bhitti khar3I kara, mAnava ko mAnava se itanA judA kara diyA, jo eka uccAbhimAnI mAMsapiNDa dUsare kI chAyA se yA dUsare ko chUne se apane ko apavitra mAnane lgaa| bAhya para padArthoM ke saMgrahI aura parigrahI ko mahattva dekara isane tRSNA kI pUjA kii| jagat meM jitane saMgharSa aura hiMsAe~ huI haiM ve saba para padArthoM kI chInA-jhapaTI ke kAraNa huI haiN| ata: jaba taka mumukSu apane vAstavika svarUpa ko tathA tRSNA ke mUla kAraNa 'para meM Atmabuddhi' ko nahIM samajha letA taba taka du:khanivRtti kI samucita bhUmikA hI taiyAra nahIM ho sktii|'' samyagdarzana ke bheda - yaha samyagdarzana puruSoM ke dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva rUpa sAmagrI se darzanamoha karma kI tIna prakRtiyoM ke kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama hone se kramaza: tIna prakAra kA hai - 1. kSAyikasamyaktva, 2. upazamasamyaktva aura 3. kssyopshmsmyktv| darzanamoha ke nAza meM bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva hetu hote haiN| zrI jinendrabimba Adi to dravya haiM, samavasaraNa Adi kSetra haiM, ardhapudgala parivartana vizeSa kAla haiM, 1. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha, pR. 266-8. 2. kSINaprazAntamizrAsu mohaprakRtiSu krmaat| tat syAda dravyAdisAmagracA puMsAM saddarzanaM tridhA / / - jJAnArNava, 6/7. 84

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adhaHpravRttikaraNa Adi bhAva haiN| usa mohanIya karma kA abhAva hone para hI upazamAdi kI pratipatti-hotI hai| dUsare prakAroM se una upazama Adi ke hone kA abhAva hai|' upazamasamyaktva - upazama samyaktva ke hone para jIva ke satyArtha deva meM ananya bhaktibhAva, viSayoM se virAga, tattvoM kA zraddhAna aura vividha mithyASTiyoM (matoM) meM asammoha prakaTa hotA hai| ise kSAyika samyaktva se kucha bhI kama nahIM jAnanA caahie| jisa prakAra paMkAdi janita kAluSya ke prazAnta hone para jala nirmala ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra darzanamoha ke udaya ke upazAnta hone para jo satyArtha zraddhAna utpanna hotA hai, use upazama samyaktva kahate haiN| darzanamohanIya ke upazama se, kIcar3a ke nIce baiTha jAne se nirmala jala ke samAna, padArthoM kA jo nirmala zraddhAna hotA hai, vaha upazamasamyagdarzana hai| anantAnubandhI cAra aura darzanamoha kI tIna ina sAta prakRtiyoM ke upazama se / aupazamika samyaktva hotA hai| kSAyopazamikasamyaktva - cAra anantAnubandhI kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) mithyAtva aura samyagmithyAtva ina chaha prakRtiyoM ke udayAbhAvI kSaya aura inhIM ke sadavasthA rupa upazama se aura dezaghAtI spardhakavAlI samyakprakRti ke udaya meM jo tattvArthazraddhAna hotA hai vaha kSAyopazamika samyaktva hotA hai| kSAyikasamyaktva - darzana mohanIya karma ke sarvathA kSaya ho jAne para jo nirmala zradAna hotA hai, use kSAyika samyaktva kahate haiN| vaha samyaktva nitya hai aura karmoM ke kSaya karane kA kAraNa hai| zraddhAna ko bhraSTa karane vAle vacanoM se, toM se, indriyoM ko bhaya utpanna karane vAle rUpoM se tathA bIbhatsa aura jugupsita padArthoM se bhI calAyamAna nahIM hotaa| adhika kyA kahA jAya vaha trailokya ke dvArA bhI cala-vicala nahIM hotaa| kSAyika samyaktva ke prArambha hone para athavA prApti yA niSThApana hone para, kSAyika samyagdRSTi jIva ke aisI vizAla, gambhIra evaM dRDha buddhi utpanna ho jAtI hai ki vaha kucha dekhakara bhI vismaya yAM kSobha ko prApta nahIM hotaa| Apta vacanoM tathA tattvoM para zraddhAna hI samyagdarzana hai| jo jIva padArthoM kA zraddhAna karatA hai vahI niyama se samyagdRSTi hai| .. samyaktva ke pA~ca lakSaNa - 1. prazama - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpI kaSAyoM ko zamana arthAt unake udita hone para zAnta krnaa| isakA nAma prazama hai| 1. zlokavArtika, 3/1/3/11/82 2. prAkRta paMcasaMgraha, 1/165-6. 3.dhavalA, 1/1/1, 144 gA. 216/396. 4.sarvArthasiddhi, 2/3/152. .5. vahI, 2/5/157. 6. prAkRta paMcasaMgraha, 1/160-2. 46

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2. saMvega - mokSa kI abhilASA karanA saMvega hai athavA pApa aura pApa ke phala se bhIti honA saMvega hai| 3. nirveda - sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati virakti honA nirveda hai| ___4. anukampA - ni:svArtha bhAva se duHkhI jIvoM ke du:khoM ko dUra karane kI icchA krnaa| 5. Astikya - sarvajJa kathita tattvoM para dRr3ha zraddhA rakhate hue usa para zaMkA kA . bhAva na lAkara vizvAsa krnaa| ina pA~ca lakSaNoM se samyaktva kI pahicAna hotI hai| . samyaktva ke paccIsa doSa - samyagdarzana kI prApti ke lie evaM usakI zuddhatA ke lie paccIsa doSoM ko tyAganA ati Avazyaka hai, kyoMki unakA tyAga kiye binA samyaktva kI prApti meM bAdhA utpanna hotI hai| ve doSa tIna mUDhatAe~, ATha mada, chaha anAyatana aura ATha zaMkA Adi ke rUpa meM kahe gae haiN| tIna mUDhatAe~ - 1. lokamUDhatA, 2. devamUDhatA aura 3. gurumuuddhtaa| ATha mada - kula, jAti, bala, dhana, jJAna, tapa, rUpa aura aizvarya md| chaha anAyatana - mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna, mithyAcAritra, mithyA dRSTi, mithyAjJAnI aura mithyaacaaritrii| ATha doSa - zaMkA, kAMkSA, vicikitsA, mUDhadRSTiprazaMsA, nindA, asthirI-karaNa, avAtsalya aura aprbhaavnaa| ina ATha doSoM ko sAdhAraNa va sarala rUpa meM nimnata: samajhA jA sakatA hai| jIvAdi tattvoM ke viSaya meM zaMkita rahanA zaMkA doSa, dharma ke pAlana se bhautika sukhoM kI AkAMkSA rakhanA kAMkSA nAma kA doSa hai| dhArmika puruSoM ko dekhakara glAni karanA vicikitsA doSa hai| vaibhava saMpanna anyahaSTiyoM ko dekhakara unakI prazaMsA karanA anyahaSTiprazaMsA nAmaka doSa hai| dharma kA anupAlana karate samaya dhArmikoM dvArA hone vAle skhalana ko nindA kA viSaya banAnA nindA doSa hai| skhalana hone para unheM puna:sthApita karane kA bhAva nahIM honA asthirIkaraNa hai| dhArmikoM meM parampara mitratA kA abhAva avAtsalya hai tathA zreSTha kAryoM se dharma tathA dhArmikoM ke guNoM kI kIrti vistArita na karanA aprabhAvanA nAmaka doSa hai| 1. yogazAstra, 2/15. 3. chahaDhAlA, 3/11. 2. jJAnArNava, 6/8. 86

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samyagdarzana ke pA~ca aticAra - samyagdarzana ke pA~ca aticAra isa prakAra haiM - 1. zaMkA, 2. kAMkSA, 3. vicikitsA, 4. mithyAtviyoM kI prazaMsA aura 5. mithyAdRSTiyoM kA sNstv| samyagdarzana ke viSayabhUta saptatattvoM kA vivecana - jIva - jJAnI janoM ne jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva kahe haiN| tInoM lokoM ke madhya meM sadAkAla ananta jIva rAzi vidyamAna hai aura vaha do bheda rUpa hai - siddha aura sNsaarii| inameM siddha jIva jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya sahita eka svabhAva vAle haiN| janma-maraNa Adika sAMsArika klezoM se rahita haiN| saMsArI jIva trasa-sthAvara ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| jo trasa nAmakarma ke udaya se calane-phirane meM samartha hote haiM ve trasa kahalAte haiN| kintu jo sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se icchAnusAra gamanAgamana karane meM asamartha hote haiM ve sthAvara kahe jAte haiN| sthAvara jIva pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu va vanaspati ina bhedoM se pA~ca prakAra ke haiN| trasa jIva dIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paJcendriya saMjJI va asaMjJI ke bheda se aneka prakAra ke haiN| saba saMsArI jIva gati kI apekSA se cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta haiN| hRdaya meM moha yA mUrchA ko dhAraNa karane vAle ve saba saMsArI jIva durnivAra karma ke udaya se Arambha va pratAraNA meM saMlagna hokara niyama se paribhramaNa kara rahe haiN| parantu uparyukta pRthivI Adi svarUpa pA~ca sthAvara, vikalendriya - dIndriya, trIndriya aura caturindriya tathA asaMjJI paMcendriya prANI ye saba eka mAtra tiryaJcagati meM hI hote haiM, anya kisI gati meM ve nahIM pAye jAte haiN| jIva saMkoca va vistAra rUpa dharma se yukta aura darzana, jJAna lakSaNaM sahita hai aura svayaM kartA, bhoktA tathA zarIra pramANa hokara amUrtimAna hai| jIva svabhAva se amUrtika hai| parantu vaha anAdikAla se karma ke sAtha ekameka ho rahA hai| isa dRSTi se use mUrtika bhI kahA jAtA hai| vaha yadyapi pradezoM kI apekSA asaMkhyAta pradezI loka ke barAbara hai, phira bhI nAmakarma ke udaya se jisa avasthA meM jo zarIra use prApta hotA hai usI ke bhItara vaha saMkoca aura vistAra ko prApta hokara rahatA hai| udAharaNArtha - dIpaka kA prakAza yadyapi asImita hai, phira bhI vaha yathAyogya choTe-bar3e kamare Adi ko pAkara tatpramANa hI rahatA hai| sAMkhya prakRti ko kama aura puruSa ko bhoktA mAnate haiN| ise lakSya meM rakhate hue yahA~ yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki vaha jIva svayaM kartA bhI hai aura svayaM bhoktA bhii| 1. tattvArthasUtra, 7/23. 3. vahI, 2/10 2. vahI, 1/4 4. tattvArthasUtra, 2/12. 87.

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jo cetanA se saMyukta rahakara jItA hai, jItA thA aura jIvita rahegA vaha jIva hai| svabhAva kI apekSA se bhavya aura abhavya aise do bheda bhI jIvoM ke haiN| jo jIva dravya, kSetra Adi rUpa sAmagrI ko prApta karake samyagjJAnAdi se pariNata hoMge ve bhavya haiN| jIvoM kA abhavyapanA andha pASANa ke samAna hai, jinako saikar3oM janmoM meM bhI samyagdarzanAdi kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI ve abhavya jIva haiN| yaha jIva kI svabhAvagata yogyatA hai| jisa prakAra savarNADhi dhAtaoM kA mala ke sAtha anAdi sambandha hai| usI prakAra jIvoM kA karmamala se anAdi sambandha hai| bhavya aura abhavya donoM kA hI saMsAra anAdi hai, parantu bhavya kA saMsAra to antasahita hai, kyoMki usako mukti prApta hogI aura abhavya kA antarahita hai, kyoMki usako mukti prApta nahIM hogii| aisA vastusvabhAva hai, isameM koI hetu nhiiN|' zuddha samyagdRSTiyoM ko caudaha jIvasamAsoM, caudaha mArgaNAoM aura caudaha guNasthAnoM kA Azraya karake una saMsArI jIvoM ke svarUpa ko jAnanA cAhie aura tadanusAra zraddhAna bhI karanA caahie| saMsArI jIvoM ke svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie jIvasamAsa, mArgaNA' aura guNasthAna Adi (paryApti va prANa Adi) kA jAnanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki unake jAne binA uktaM jIvoM kA pUrNabodha nahIM ho sakatA hai| unameM jIvasamAsa kA jIvoM kA saMkSepa arthAt jina avasthA vizeSoM ke vdArA aneka jIva aura unakI jAtiyoM kA sAmUhika rUpa meM bodha hotA hai, unheM jIvasamAsa kahA jAtA hai| ve saMkSepase caudaha haiM, uttara bhedoM ko grahaNa karane para ukta jIvasamAsa ke sattAvana yA aura bhI adhika bheda bhI ho jAte haiN| mArgaNA kA artha anveSaNa hotA hai| tadanusAra jina avasthA vizeSoM ke dvArA athavA jina avasthAoM meM jIvoM kA anveSaNa kiyA jAtA hai unakA nAma mArgaNA hai| inake mukhyata: caudaha bheda hote haiM - gati, indriya, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, jJAna, saMyama, darzana, lezyA, bhavyatva, samyaktva, saMjJI aura aahaar| mohanIya karma ke udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama Adi ke hone para jIvoM ke jo pariNAma prAdurbhUta hote haiM unheM guNasthAna kahate haiN| inake bhI caudaha bheda haiM jo nimna haiM - mithyAtva, sAsAdana, mizra, aviratasamyagdRSTi, dezasaMyata, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSmasAMparAya, upazAntamoha, kSINamoha, sayogakevalI aura ayogkevlii| ina donoM kA vizeSa vivaraNa jIvakANDa Adi anya granthoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai, vistArabhaya se yahA~ denA yogya nahIM hai| ajIvatattva - jisa prakAra Atmatattva kA jJAna Avazyaka hai usI prakAra jisa ajIva ke sambandha se AtmA vikRta hotA hai, usameM vibhAva pariNati hotI hai usa ajIva 1. gommaTasAra, karmakANDa gAthA 2. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 5/8. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 10. 3. jJAnArNava,6/17. 4. vahI, 6/19-24. 5. vahI, 6/25. 88

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tattva kA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai| jaba taka isa ajIvatattva ko nahIM jAneMge taba taka 'kina do meM bandha huA hai' yaha mUla bAta hI ajJAta banI rhegii| jIva se viparIta arthAt acetana lakSaNa vAlA ajIva hai|' dharmAdika dravyoM meM jIva kA lakSaNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai isalie unakI ajIva yaha sAmAnya saMjJA hai| ajIvatattva meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla kA bhale hI sAmAnya jJAna ho, kyoMki inase AtmA kA koI bhalA-burA nahIM hotA, parantu pudgala dravya kA kiMcit vizeSa jJAna apekSita hai| zarIra, mana, indriyA~, zvAsocchvAsa aura vacana Adi saba pudagalamaya hI hai| jisameM zarIra to cetana ke saMsarga se cetanAyamAna ho rahA hai| jagat meM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza vAle yAvat padArtha haiM ve sabhI paur3halika haiN| pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni Adi bhI pauDhgalika haiN| inameM kisI meM koI guNa prakaTa rahatA hai aura koI meM aprktt| yadyapi agni meM rasa, vAyu meM rUpa aura jala meM gandha anubhUta haiM phira bhI ye saba pudgalajAtIya hI haiN| zabda, prakAza, chAyA, andhakAra, sardI, garmI sabhI pudgala skandhoM kI avasthAe~ haiN|' mumukSu ke lie zarIra kI paugalikatA kA jJAna to isalie atyanta jarurI hai kyoMki usakI Asakti kA mukhya kendra vahI hai| yadyapi Aja kA 99 pratizata vikAsa aura prakAza zarIrAdhIna hai| zarIra ke purjI ke bigar3ate hI vartamAna jJAnavikAsa ruka jAtA hai aura zarIra ke nAza hone para vartamAna zaktiyA~ prAya: samApta ho jAtI haiM, phira bhI AtmA kA apanA svataMtra astitva tela-battI se bhinna jyoti kI taraha hai hii| zarIra kA aNu-aNu jisakI zakti se saMcAlita aura cetanAyamAna ho rahA hai vaha antaryoti dUsarI hI hai| yaha AtmA apane sUkSma kArmaNa zarIra ke anusAra vartamAna sthUla zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para dUsare sthUla zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| Asavatattva - kAya, vacana va mana kI kriyA yoga hai aura vahI Asrava hai| puNyapApa rUpa karmoM ke Agamana ke dvAra ko Asrava kahate haiN| jaise - nadiyoM ke dvArA samudra pratidina jala se bharA jAtA hai, vaise hI mithyAdarzanAdi srotoM se AtmA meM karma Ate haiN| AcArya zubhacandra deva ne jJAnArNava meM zubhAzubha Asrava kA varNana karate hue likhA hai - yama (aNuvrata, mahAvrata), prazama (kaSAyoM kI mandatA), nirveda (saMsAra se virAgatA athavA dharmAnurAga) tathA tattvoM kA cintavana ityAdi kA avalambana ho evaM maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyastha ina cAra bhAvanAoM kI jisa mana meM bhAvanA ho vahI mana zubhAsrava ko utpanna karatA hai / kaSAyarUpa agni se prajvalita aura indriyoM ke viSayoM se vyAkula mana saMsAra ke saMbaMdha ke sUcaka azubha karmoM kA saMcaya karatA hai| samasta vizva ke vyApAroM 1. dhavalA, pu. 1, pR. 132. 2. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa,gAthA 9-10. 3.jJAnArNava, 6/1-24. 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 1/4. 5. tattvArthasUtra, 5/19. 6. tattvArthasUtra, 5/23. 89

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se rahita tathA zrutajJAna ke avalambanayukta aura satya rUpa prAmANika vacana zubhAsrava ke lie hote haiN| apavAda (nindA) kA sthAna, asanmArga kA upadezaka, asatya, kaThora, kAnoM se sunate hI jo dUsare ke lie kaSAya utpanna kara de aura jisase para kA burA ho jAe, aise vacana azubhAsrava ke kAraNa hote haiN| bhale prakAra gupta kiye gae arthAt apane vazIbhUta kiye hae kAya se tathA nirantara kAyotsarga se saMyamI zubha karma kA saMcaya karate haiN| nirantara Arambha karane vAle aura jIvaghAta ke vyApAroM se jIvoM kA zarIra (kAyayoga) pApakarmoM kA saMgraha karatA hai arthAt kAyayoga se azubhAsrava karatA hai|' mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca bandha ke kAraNa haiN| inheM Asravapratyaya bhI kahate haiN| jina bhAvoM se karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai unheM bhAvAsrava kahate haiM aura karmadravya kA AnA dravyAsrava kahalAtA hai| pudagaloM meM karmatva paryAya kA vikAsa honA bhI dravyAsrava kahA jAtA hai| AtmapradezoM taka unakA AnA bhI dravyAsrava hai| yadyapi inhIM mithyAtvAdi bhAvoM ko bhAvabandha kahA hai, parantu prathamakSaNabhAvI ye bhAva cUMki karmoM : ke AkarSaNa meM sAkSAtkAraNabhUta yogakriyA meM nimitta hote haiM, ata: bhAvAsrava kahe jAte haiM aura agrimakSaNabhAvI bhAva bhAvabandha haiN| bhAvAsava jaisA tIvra, manda aura madhyama hotA hai tajjanya AtmapradezoM kA parispanda arthAt yogakriyA se karma bhI vaise hI Ate haiM aura AtmapradezoM se ba~dhate haiN| sarvasAdhAraNa janoM ko to kaSAyavaza hone ke kAraNa yaha Asrava AgAmI bandha kA kAraNa par3atA hai, isalie sAmparAyika Asrava kahalAtA hai, parantu vItarAgI ko vaha icchA se nirapekSa karmavaza hotA hai isalie AgAmI bandha kA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| vaha anantara kSaNa meM hI jhar3a jAne se IryApatha nAma pAtA hai| .. bandhatattva - karma pradezoM kA AtmapradezoM meM eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAnA bandha hai| bandha do prakAra kA hai - bhAvabandha aura dravyabandha / jina rAga, deSa aura moha Adi vikArI bhAvoM se karma kA bandhana hotA hai una bhAvoM ko bhAvabandha kahate haiN| karmapudgaloM kA AtmapradezoM se sambandha honA dravyabandha kahalAtA hai| dravyabandha AtmA aura pudgala kA sambandha hai| yaha to nizcita hai ki do dravyoM kA saMyoga hI ho sakatA hai, tAdAtmya arthAt ekatva nhiiN| do milakara eka dikha sakate haiM, parantu eka kI sattA miTakara eka hI zeSa raha jAye, aisA nahIM hotaa| jaba pudgalANu paraspara meM bandha ko prApta hote haiM to ve eka vizeSa prakAra ke saMyoga ko hI prApta karate haiM, jise bandha kahA jAtA hai| bandha prakRtyAdi ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai - 1. prakRtibandha, 2. pradezabandha, 3. sthitibandha aura 4. anubhAgabandha / ' 1. jJAnArNava, 5/24. 2. vahI, 6/1-2. 3. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 6/2/4-5 pR. 506. 4. jJAnArNava, 2/3-8. 5. tattvArthasUtra, 6/4.

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prakati kA artha svabhAva hai| jisa prakAra nIma kA svabhAva kaDaApana auragaDa kA svabhAva madhuratA hai| usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa karma kA svabhAva hai jJAna ko na hone denaa| vaha jJAnAvaraNAdi ke bheda se ATha prakAra kA hai| karmoM kA jo adhika-se-adhika tathA kamase-kama kAla taka AtmapradezoM ke sAtha avasthAna mAnA gayA hai use sthitibandha jAnanA caahie| ukta karmoM meM jo phala kI utpatti hai - hInAdhika phala dene kI zakti kA AvirbhAva hotA hai usakA nAma anabhAgabandha hai| jIva aura karma kA jo eka-Dhasare ke eka kSetrAvagAha svarUpa se sambandha hotA hai use pradezabandha kahate haiN| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~coM bandha ke kAraNa haiN| atattvazraddhAna ko mithyAtva, atyAgarUpa pariNAmoM ko avirati, nizcaya-vyavahAracAritra meM asAvadhAnarUpa pariNAmoM ko pramAda, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpa pariNAmoM ko kaSAya aura mana, vacana, kAya ke nimitta se AtmA ke caMcala rUpa hone ko yoga kahate haiN| isa prakAra bandha kA svarUpa hai|' saMvara tattva - Asrava kA nirodha saMvara hai| jinase karma rukeM yA karmoM kA rukanA saMvara hai| jaise - jisa nagara ke dvAra acchI taraha se banda hoM to vaha nagara zatruoM ko agamya hotA hai| usI taraha gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritra se kara lI hai saMvRta indriya, kaSAya va yoga ko jisane aisI AtmA ke navIna karmoM kA dvAra ruka jAnA saMvara hai| saMvararokane athavA sarakSA ko kahate haiN| jina dAroM se karmoM kA Asrava hotA thA, una dAroM kA nirodha kara denA saMvara kahalAtA hai| Asrava yoga se hotA hai, ata: yoga kI nivRtti hI mUlata: saMvara ke pada para pratiSThita ho sakatI hai| kintu mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ko sarvathA rokanA saMbhava nahIM hai / zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie AhAra karanA, malamUtra kA visarjana karanA, calanA-phiranA, bolanA, rakhanA, uThAnA Adi kriyAe~ karanI hI par3atI haiN| ata: jitane aMzoM meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI kriyAoM kA nirodha hai, utane aMzoM meM gupti hotI hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kI akuzala pravRttiyoM se . rakSA karane rUpa gupti saMvara kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai| nirjarAtattva - jisake dvArA saMsAra ke bIjabhUta karma naSTa kiye jAte haiM use karma bandha se rahita hue muniyoM ne nirjarA kahA hai| pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kramaza: AtmA se pRthak hone kA nAma nirjarA hai| vaha do prakAra kI hai - sakAmanirjarA aura akaamnirjraa| inameM prathama to jo karma abhI udaya ko prApta nahIM haiM unako tapa ke prabhAva se udayAvalI meM praviSTa karAke icchApUrvaka unake phala ko bhoganA yaha sakAmanirjarA kahI jAtI hai| yaha tapasviyoM ke huA karatI hai| aura sthiti ke pUrNa hone para jaba karma apanA phala dekara nirjINa hote haiM, taba usakA nAma akAmanirjarA hai| yaha sabhI prANiyoM ke huA karatI hai| isameM cUMki 1. rAjavArtika, 6/4. 2. dravyasaMgraha, 32. 3. tattvArthasUtra, 8/3.

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anicchA pUrvaka karma kA phala bhogA jAtA hai isalie ise akAmanirjarA kahA gayA hai| inameM sakAmanirjarA ko avipAkanirjarA bhI kahA jAtA hai| saMyamI muni vairAgya ke mArga ko. prApta hokara jaise-jaise tapazcaraNa karatA hai vaise-vaise usake da:kha se jItane yogya kaThora karma kSINa hote jAte haiN| yadyapi karma anAdikAla se jIva ke sAtha lage hae haiM tathApi ve dhyAna rUpI agni se sparza hone para tatkAla hI kSINa ho jAte haiN| unake kSaya ho jAne se jaise agni ke tApa se suvarNa zuddha hotA hai usI prakAra yaha prANI bhI tapa se karmoM kA nAzakara zuddha ho jAtA hai|' mokSatattva - bandhana mukti ko mokSa kahate haiN| bandha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hone para tathA saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA hone se samasta karmoM kA samUla uccheda honA mokSa hai| AtmA kI vaibhAvikI zakti kA saMsAra avasthA meM vibhAva pariNamana hotA hai| vibhAva pariNamana ke nimitta haTa jAne se mokSa dazA meM usakA svAbhAvika pariNamana ho jAtA hai| jo AtmA ke guNa vikRta ho rahe the ve hI svAbhAvika dazA meM A jAte haiN| mithyAdarzana. samyagdarzana bana jAtA hai, ajJAna jJAna ho jAtA hai aura acAritra caaritr| isa dazA meM AtmA kA sArA nakzA hI badala jAtA hai| jo AtmA anAdikAla se mithyAdarzana Adi azaDhiyoM aura kalaSatAoM kA paMja banA haA thA, vahI nirmala, nizcala aura ananta caitanyamaya ho jAtA hai| usakA Age sadA zuddha pariNamana hI hotA hai| isI mokSa avasthA kA granthakAra ne isa bhAMti varNana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM - jo prakRti, pradeza, sthiti va anubhAga rUpa samasta karmoM ke saMbaMdha ke sarvathA nAza rUpa lakSaNa vAlA tathA saMsAra kA pratipakSI hai, vahI mokSa hai| darzana aura vIryAdi guNasahita aura saMsAra ke klezoM se rahita, cidAnandamayI Atyantika avasthA ko sAkSAt mokSa kahate haiN| yaha anvaya pradhAnatA se mokSa kA svarUpa kahA hai| jisameM atIndriya (indriyoM se atikrAnta) viSayoM se atIta, upamArahita aura svAbhAvika vicchedarahita pAramArthika sukha ho, vahI mokSa kahA jAtA hai| jisameM yaha AtmA nirmala (dravyakarma, nokarmarahita) zarIrarahita, kSobharahita, zAntasvarUpa, niSpanna (siddharUpa), atyanta avinAzI, sukharUpa, kRtakRtya (jisako kucha karanA zeSa nahIM ho aisA) tathA samIcIna samyagjJAna svarUpa ho jAtA hai, usa pada ko ziva arthAt mokSa kahate haiN| samyagjJAna - jo jJAna vastu svarUpa ko nyUnatArahita tathA adhikatArahita, viparItatArahita, jaisA kA taisA, sandeharahita jAnatA hai, usako Agama ke jJAtA puruSa samyagjJAna kahate haiN| jJAna AtmA kA nija guNa hai tathA sva-para prakAzaka hai| vyavahAranaya se AtmA samasta 1. jJAnArNava, 6/46-9. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9/1. 3. jJAnArNava, 2/2. 4. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 42 . 92

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dravyoM ko jAnatA hai aura nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se sva ko hI jAnatA hai| jJAna hI AtmA hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM jar3atva kI saMjJA prApta ho jAtI hai| labdhyaparyApta sUkSmanigodiyA tathA asaMjJI jIvoM meM bhI jJAna kI alpa mAtrA vidyamAna hai hii| kintu unakA jJAna jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke pragAr3ha AvaraNoM se AcchAdita hone ke kAraNa, nijasvarUpa ko nahIM jAna pAtA hai| suvarNa, pASANa evaM bAdaloM ke haTate hI sonA evaM sUrya kA teja nikhara AtA hai| vaise hI karmoM ke AvaraNa upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama evaM bAhya kAraNa dharmazravaNa, ekAgratA, zuddha AhAra, evaM dharma jAgaraNa se mithyAjJAna, samyagjJAna meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| mithyAjJAna ke kAraNa hI anAdikAla se saMsAra paribhramaNa ho rahA hai| usase mukti pAne ke lie samyagdarzana pUrvaka samyagjJAna hI mukhya sAdhana hai| ina donoM ke bIca meM kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha hai| jo ajJAnI hai vaha to karor3oM janma lekara tapa ke prabhAva se pApa ko jItatA hai aura usI pApa ko atulya parAkrama vAlA bhedavijJAnI Adhe kSaNa meM hI bhasma kara detA hai| isa saMsArarUpI ugra marusthala meM du:kha rUpa agni se taptAyamAna jIvoM ko yaha satyArtha jJAna hI amRta rUpa jala se tRpta karane ko samartha hai| saMsAra ke duHkha miTAne ko samyagjJAna hI samartha hai|' yaha samyagjJAna 1. mati, 2. zruta, 3. avadhi, 4. mana:paryaya aura 5. kevalajJAna ke bheda se pA~ca bheda vAlA hai| mana aura indriya kI sahAyatA se hone vAle jJAna ko matijJAna kahate haiN| jo jJAna zrutAnusArI hai, jisameM zabda aura artha kA sambandha bhASita hotA hai tathA jo matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai, athavA zabda aura artha kI paryAlocanA ke anusaraNa pUrvaka indriya aura mana ke nimitta se hotA hai use zrutajJAna kahate haiN| ina donoM jJAnoM kA viSaya sabhI dravya aura unakI kucha paryAyoM ko jAnanA hai| avadhijJAna mana aura indriyoM kI apekSA na rakhate hue sAkSAt AtmA ke dArA dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI maryAdA pUrvaka padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| avadhi, maryAdA, sImA ye saba ekArthavAcI zabda haiN| saMjJI jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna mana:paryaya jJAna hai| isa jJAna ke hone meM indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA nahIM rahatI, kintu AtmA ke viziSTa kSayopazama kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isake do bheda haiM - Rjumati mana:paryayajJAna evaM vipulamati mn:pryyjnyaan| kevalajJAna jJAnAvaraNakarma ke ni:zeSa rUpa se kSaya ho jAne para hotA hai| isameM bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat traikAlika saba vastue~ samasta paryAyoM sahita yugapat jAnI jAtI haiN| yaha jJAna paripUrNa avyAghAti, asAdhAraNa, ananta, anantakAla taka rahane vAlA hotA hai| Adi ke cAroM jJAna tadAvaraNIya karmoM ke kSayopazama se prakaTa hote haiN| jabaki kevalajJAna kI utpatti kevalajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se hotI hai| isalie prathama ke cAra jJAna kSAyopazamika haiM aura antima kevalajJAna kSAyikajJAna hai| isIlie kevalajJAna ko kevala, eka yA asahAyajJAna bhI kahate haiN| ina pA~coM samyagjJAnoM kI utpatti kA pradhAna kAraNa sva-para bhedavijJAna hai| isIlie pUjyapAda svAmI ne sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai ki jisa-jisa prakAra 1. jJAnArNava, 2/2 2. jJAnArNava, 3/6-9. 3. jJAnArNava, 7/18, 12.

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se jIvAdi padArtha vyavasthita haiM unako usI prakAra se jAnanA samyagjJAna hai|' samyagjJAna ke mAhAtmya kA vivecana karate hue AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM - ___ jaba taka jJAnarUpI sUrya kA udaya nahIM hotA tabhI taka yaha samasta jagat ajJAnarUpI andhakAra se AcchAdita hai| arthAt jJAna rUpI sUrya ke udaya hote hI ajJAnarUpI andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| pramAda ko kSINa karane vAle klezoM ko jItane vAle parigraha rahita sthira Azaya vAle yogIgaNa usa jJAna kI prApti ke lie yatnapUrvaka tapasyA karate haiN| indriya rUpI mRgoM ko bA~dhane ke lie eka dRr3ha pAzA hai arthAt jJAna ke binA indriyA~ vaza meM nahIM hotii| tathA citta rUpI sarpa kA nigraha karane ke lie jJAna hI eka garur3a mahAmantra hai| arthAt mana bhI jJAna se hI vazIbhUta hotA hai| jisa mArga meM ajJAnI calate haiM usI mArga meM vidajjana calate haiM, parantu ajJAnI to apane AtmA ko bA~dha letA hai aura tattvajJAnI bandharahita ho jAtA hai| yaha jJAna kA hI mAhAtmya hai| samyakcAritra - jo vizuddhi kA utkRSTa sthAna hai,yogIjanoM kA jIvana hai tathA samasta pApa kA parityAga hI jisakA lakSaNa hai vaha samyakcAritra kahalAtA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki samasta pApa ke parityAga ko cAritra kahate haiM aura vaha yogiyoM ke hotA hai| usase AtmA atyanta nirmala ho jAtI hai / usa cAritra ko sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasAmparAya aura yathAkhyAta ke bheda se pA~ca prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| yahI cAritra anya bheda kI apekSA se pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti ke bheda rUpa teraha prakAra kA bhI hai| adhyAtma sAdhanA paddhati meM trividha sAdhanA paddhati ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| tInoM kA samanvaya rUpa hI mokSamArga hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ye donoM mokSa ke kAraNa haiN| samyakcAritra to sAkSAt mokSa kA kAraNa hai| mokSa kA sarvazreSTha aMga cAritra hI hai| jaina sAdhanA kA prANa bhI yahI hai| jaina pAribhASika zabdAvali meM cAritra zabda kA artha AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa apekSA se isakA krama hotA hai pahale dekhanA (zraddhA karanA), phira jAnanA (samyagjJAna) aura tadanantara indriyoM ke viSaya evaM kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karanA hI cAritra hai| cAritra ke bheda - sAmAyikacAritra - 'maiM sarvasAvadya kA tyAgI huuN|' isa taraha abheda rUpa se 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 1/1. 2. jJAnArNava vahI, 7/13, 17. 3. vahI, 8/9. 4. tattvArthasUtra 9/18, jJAnArNava 8/2 5.samayasAragAthA, 155

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sampUrNa pApoM kA tyAga karanA sAmAyika cAritra kahalAtA hai| yaha saMyama anupama, durlabha aura durdharSa hai|' __ chedopasthApanAcAritra - pramAda ke nimitta se sAmAyika cAritra se cyuta hokara jo sAvadha kriyA ke karane rUpa sAvadha paryAya hotI hai, usakA prAyazcitta vidhi ke anusAra chedana karake muni apanI AtmA ko ahiMsAdika pA~ca prakAra ke vratAcaraNa meM sthApita karatA hai use chedopasthApanA cAritra kahate haiN| parihAravizuddhicAritra - pA~ca prakAra ke saMyamoM meM se sAmAnya - abheda rUpa se athavA vizeSa - bheda rUpa se sarvapApoM kA parityAga karane vAlA jo muni pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti ko dhAraNa kara unase yukta rahakara sadA sAvadha kA tyAga karatA hai usa puruSa ko parihAravizuddhicAritra kahate haiN| yahA~ cAritra aura saMyama ekArthavAcI haiN| yaha cAritra janma se lekara tIsa varSa taka sadA sukhI rahakara puna: dIkSA grahaNa karake jo tIrthaMkara ke pAdamUla meM ATha varSa taka pratyAkhyAna nAmaka nauveM pUrva kA adhyayana karane vAle ke hotA hai| parihAravizuddhi saMyama ko dhAraNa karane vAle muni tIna saMdhyoM ko chor3akara pratidina do koza gamana karate haiN| rAtri meM gamana nahIM krte| jisa saMyama meM parihAra ke sAtha vizuddhi ho usako parihAravizuddhi saMyama kahate haiN| yahA~ parihAra kA tAtparya prANI pIr3A ke parihAra se hai| arthAt isa saMyama vAlA muni jIvarAzi para vihAra karane para bhI unakA vighAtaka nahIM hotaa| sUkSmasAmparAyacAritra - jina krodhAdi kaSAyoM dvArA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa hotA hai unako sAmparAya kahate haiN| jisa cAritra meM samparAya arthAt kaSAya kA udaya atisUkSma rahatA hai vaha sUkSmasAmparAya cAritra hai| isameM lobhakaSAya ke udaya mAtra kA anubhava rahatA hai| isa cAritra ko prApta upazamazreNI athavA kSapakazreNI vAle jIva ke aNumAtra lobha arthAt sUkSmakRSTi ko prApta lobha kaSAya kA anubhava hotA hai| isake pariNAma yathAkhyAtacAritra vAle jIva ke pariNAmoM se kucha kama hote hai| kyoMki yaha saMyama dasaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| isake bAda gyArahaveM Adi guNasthAnoM meM yathAkhyAtacAritra ho jAtA hai| yathAkhyAtacAritra - azubha rUpa mohanIyakarma ke sarvathA upazama ho jAne se 1. gommaTasAra, jIvakANaDa gAthA 470 2. vahI, gAthA 471. 3. vahI, gAthA 472. 4. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9/18/2 pR. 616. 5. vahI, 9/10/6 pR. 617. 6. vahI, 9/10/8 pR. 617. 95

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gyArahaveM guNasthAnavI jIvoM ke aura mohanIya karma ke sarvathA kSINa ho jAne se bArahaveM, terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI jina ke yathAkhyAta cAritra hotA hai / yathAvasthita AtmasvabhAva kI upalabdhi ko yathAkhyAtacAritra kahate haiN| yaha saMyama AtmA kI zuddha dazA rUpa hotA hai| samyakcAritra meM jina pA~ca mahAvratoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, yogasUtra meM bhI unheM pA~ca mahAvratoM ke rUpa hI mAnA hai aura yahI yogAGgoM meM yama nAmaka prathama aGga mAnA . gayA hai| ata: yahA~ para jJAnArNava aura yogasUtra ko AdhAra banAkara yogAGgoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA jAnA apekSita ho sakatA hai| yogAGga - bhAratIya yogazAstriyoM meM isa viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| kitane hI yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ina ATha ko yoga ke aGga mAnate haiN| kitane hI ATha aMgoM meM se yama aura niyama ko chor3akara Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ina chahoM ko hI yoga ke aMga mAnate haiN| katipaya inase bhinna utsAha, nizcaya, dhairya, santoSa, tattvanizcaya aura dezatyAga ina chaha ko yoga kI siddhi kA hetu mAnate haiN| eka anya mata ke anusAra dhyAna ke pradhAna cAra kAraNa haiM - gurupadeza, zraddhAna, sadAbhyAsa, sthirmn| uparyukta vibhinna matoM ke sandarbho kA parizIlana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya zubhacandra ke sAmane yogAMgoM kI aneka mAnyatAe~ evaM unakI bhinna-bhinna saMkhyAe~ pracalita thiiN| isIlie jJAnArNava meM ina mAnyatAoM kA, kisI kA nAma ke sAtha aura kisI kA binA nAma hI, saMgraha haA hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki inakA vivaraNa kramaza: yA prasaMgAnusAra, donoM rUpoM meM vahA~ upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| kintu use yatra-tatra bikharI sAmagrI se saMgRhIta avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai| jJAnArNava meM jina yogAMgoM kA nAmollekha ke sAtha varNana hai ve haiM - Asanajaya, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNa aura dhyAna / inake alAvA samAdhi, yama aura niyama ko nAmAntaroM ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| yathA - mokSa ke mArgabhUta ratnatraya kA varNana karate hue samyakcAritra ke prasaMga meM ahiMsAdi pA~ca mahAvratoM kI prarUpaNA savistAra huI hai| jinako ki yama aura niyama ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| yogasUtra ke anusAra yoga kA prathama aMga yama hai aura zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya 1. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa,gAthA 475. 2. jJAnArNava 20/12 96

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aura IzvarapraNidhAna inako niyama kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra jJAnArNava meM parigraha kI AzA ko heya batalAte hue krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko chor3ane aura rAga, dveSa, moha va indriyoM para vijaya karane ityAdi kA jo upadeza diyA gayA hai vaha niyama kA hI rUpa hai| jise yogasUtra meM samAdhi kahA gayA hai use hI jJAnArNava meM zukla dhyAna ke nAma se varNita kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha hama yoga ke AThoM aMgoM kI prarUpaNA jJAnArNava meM bhI pAte haiN| yaha aura bAta hai ki jJAnArNava meM kisI-kisI aMga ko paryApta mahattva nahIM mila pAyA hai yA apekSAkRta unakA vistRta vivecana nahIM ho sakA hai| yama aura niyama kA nAmollakha kI apekSA jaina paramparA meM sarvaprathama ullekha gaNadharasvAmIkRta mAnya pratikramaNa pATha meM upalabdha hotA hai| kintu isakI vivecanA ke rUpa meM yaha AcArya vaTTakera dArA sulabha hotA hai| jahA~ ve ise kAlasApekSa vibhAjita karate hue kahate haiM - 'samyagjJAnAdika ratnatraya sAdhya haiM aura isake sAdhana yama aura niyama haiN| isa niyama aura yama meM se yama nAmaka upAya Ajanma kA hai arthAt mahAvratAdika Ajanma dhAraNa karane cAhie aura niyama sAmAyika, pratikramaNAdi alpakAlAvadhi kA hai| ye jIva ke niyama-yama rUpa pariNAma ratnatraya prApti ke sAdhaka haiN|' . yogasUtra ke anusAra yoga ke ATha aMgoM ke anuSThAna se vivekakhyAti paryanta jJAnadIpti hotI hai| tatpazcAt samprajJAta samAdhi paripakva ho jAne para 'sarvavRttinirodha' rUpa asamprajJAta samAdhi kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| inameM se dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ye tIna yoga ke antaraMga sAdhana haiM tathA pUrva ke pA~ca bahiraMga sAdhana haiN| ina sabakA pRthak nAma nirdeza inakI yogasAdhanA meM anivAryatA kA sUcaka hai| . yogasUtra ke samAdhipAda meM abhyAsa, vairAgya, zraddhA tathA vIryAdi ke satat anuSThAna se samAdhi-siddhi batalAI hai, kintu unakA antarbhAva inhIM AThoM aMgoM meM hai| yathA - pratyeka yogAMga kA bArambAra anuSThAna hI abhyAsa hai| vairAgya kA niyamAntargata santoSa meM tathA zraddhA Adi kA yathAyogya tapa Adi meM antarbhAva hotA hai| pUrvokta parikarmoM kA dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi meM antarbhAva hai| sAdhanapAda meM varNita tapa, svAdhyAya aura IzvarapraNidhAna rUpa kriyAyoga kA niyamoM meM sadabhAva hai| 1. yoga sUtra 2-32 2. jama-Niyama-sIla-mUluttara-guNesu ....| - pratikramaNapATha (kriyAkalApa) pR.111. 3. NANAdirayaNatiyamiha sajjhaM taM sAdhayati jmnniymaa| ____ jattha jamA sassadiyA, NiyamA NiyadappaparimANA / / - mUlAcAra, (prakSipta) gAthA 2. 4. yogasUtra, 2/28. 97

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mahAbhArata meM bhI yoga ke ATha hI aMga batalAye gae haiM - vedeSu cASTaguNinaM yogamAhurmanISiNaH / ' isI kA anukaraNa liMgapurANa meM bhI huA hai - sAdhanAnyaSTadhA caasy| AcArya zubhacandra ne aSTAMga yoga ke mahattva para prakAza DAlate hae likhA hai, ki jisa muni ne ukta yamAdikoM kA abhyAsa kara liyA hai, vaha parigraha se rahita hokara nirmamatva hotA huA rAgAdi klezoM se rahita hue mana ko apane AdhIna kara letA hai| zreSTha AcAryoM ne yoga ke jina ATha aMgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve mana kI prasannatA ke dvArA mukti ke kAraNa hote haiN| vividha saMkleza saMkula saMsAra se nivRtti ke lie kramaza: antarmukha hone kA sugama sAdhanamArga aSTAMga yoga hai, jisameM anya kisI sAdhanA kI apekSA na hone se yamoM kA sarvaprathama sthAna hai| isI prakAra kramAnusAra uttarottara Asana, prANAyAma Adi svapUrvavartI niyama, AsanajayAdi kAraNa sApekSa hai| yamoM ko apane pUrva aSTAMga yoga meM se kisI ke bhI anuSThAna kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai| ina yamoM ke nAma ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha haiN| inhIM ahiMsAdika kA anuSThAna jaba sArvabhauma arthAt sabake sAtha saba jagaha aura saba kAla meM samAna bhAva se kiyA jAtA hai taba ye mahAvrata ho jAte haiN|. . ___ AcArya samantabhadra svAmI evaM somadevasUri ne bhI jIvanaparyanta dhAraNa kie jAne vAle vratoM ko yama evaM sAvadhika - sImita kAla paryanta dhAraNa kie jAne vAle vratoM ko niyama kahA hai| yama rUpa mahAvratoM kA lakSaNa mUlAcAra, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM nimna prakAra nirdiSTa kiyA hai - hiMsAdi pA~ca pApoM kA mana, vacana, kAya, kRta, kArita, anumodanA se tyAga karanA mahApuruSoM ke dvArA mahAvrata kahA gayA hai| ahiMsA mahAvrata kA svarUpa - jainadharma ahiMsA pradhAna hai| parantu ahiMsA kA kSetra itanA saMkucita nahIM hai jitanA 1. liMgapurANa, 1/8/7. 2. zAnti parva, 216/7. 3. jJAnArNava 20/3,4 4. yogasUtra 2, 30, 31 5. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 87, upAkAdhyayanAMga 761, dAtri (yazovijaya) 21-2, 6. mUlAcAra 1-4, tattvArthasUtra 7-1, ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra 72 98

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ki loka meM samajhA jAtA hai| isakA vyApAra bAhara va bhItara donoM ora hotA hai| bAhara meM kisI bhI choTe yA bar3e jIva ko apane mana, vacana yA kAya se kisI prakAra kI bhI hIna kama yA adhika pIr3A na pahu~cAnA tathA usakA dila na dukhAnA ahiMsA hai, aura antaraMga meM rAgadveSa pariNAmoM se nivRtta hokara sAmyabhAva meM sthita honA ahiMsA hai|' bAhya ahiMsA ko vyavahAra ahiMsA aura antaraMga ahiMsA ko nizcaya ahiMsA kahate haiN| vAstava meM antaraMga meM AMzika sAmyatA Ae binA ahiMsA sambhava nahIM hai aura isa prakAra isake ativyApaka rUpa meM satya, acaurya, brahmacarya Adi sabhI sadguNa samA jAte haiN| isIlie ahiMsA ko paramadharma kahA jAtA hai| jala, thala Adi meM pUrNa ahiMsA palanI asambhava hai, para yadi antaraMga meM sAmya aura bAhara meM pUrA-pUrA yatnAcAra rakhane meM pramAda na kiyA jAe to bAhya jIvoM ke marane para bhI sAdhaka ahiMsaka hI rahatA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne ahiMsA mahAvrata kA varNana karate hue likhA hai - jisa vrata meM vacana, mana aura zarIra se svapna meM bhI trasa-sthAvara prANiyoM kA ghAta pravRtta nahIM hotA vaha prathama ahiMsA vrata kahA gayA hai| jo prANI samUha ke viSaya meM pramAdayukta hote haiM, unake rakSaNa meM asAvadhAna hote haiM unase prANaghAta ho athavA na ho taba bhI karmabandha avazya hI hotA hai| kintu jinakI AtmA ahiMsA se saMvRtta hai, jo prANI rakSaNa meM sadA sAvadhAna hai unake karmabandha nahIM hotaa| ata: pramAda ko chor3akara pariNAmoM kI nirmalatA pUrvaka saMyama aura kaSAyoM ko upazamita karane ke lie samasta prANiyoM ke samUha ko bandhu kI buddhi se arthAt mitratA ke bhAva se dekhanA caahie| Age hiMsA kI heyatA va ahiMsA kI upAdeyatA kA vistRta varNana karate huye likhA hai - . "hiMsA, narakarUpa ghara meM praviSTa hone ke lie unnata gopUra - dvAra hai| jisa prakAra nagara yA prAsAda meM praviSTa hone ke lie usakA pradhAna dAra hI kAraNa hai| usI prakAra narakoM meM bhItara praveza pAne ke lie mukhya kAraNa hiMsA hai| uttamakSamAdi kI vRddhi se prApta dharma ko hiMsA kSaNabhara meM naSTa kara detI hai| kSaNabhara ke lie prANI ghAta kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai usase tapa saMyamAdi saba naSTa ho jAte haiN| viSaya-kaSAya se pIr3ita pAkhaNDI hiMsA kA upadeza dene vAle zAstra racakara jIvoM ko bhayAnaka narakAdi meM le jAte haiM, yaha anartha hai| hai| 1. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 44. 2. upAsakAdhyayana, 781. 3. pravacanasAra, 3/17. 4. jJAnArNava, 7, 8, 10

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jo mAMsa bhakSaNa karate haiN| anya prANIghAta meM prayatnazIla rahate haiN| ve bhayAnaka rauravAdi narakoM meM praviSTa ho pIr3A anubhavana karate haiN| jo manuSya rogAdi kI zAnti, devapUjA, yajJasiddhi ke lie prANIghAta karate haiM vaha isa kAraNa zIghra hI naraka meM jAte haiN| hiMsA narakAdi rUpa durgati kA dAra hai| vaha pApa kA samudra aura bhayAnaka naraka kA gADhA-andhakAra hai| sukha ke nimitta se kI gaI hiMsA duHkha ko, maMgala ke nimitta se kI gaI hiMsA amaMgala ko, jIvita icchA ke nimitta se kI gaI hiMsA maraNa ko detI hai| jo mUDha adhama dharmabuddhi se jIvoM ko mAratA hai so vaha pASANa kI zilAoM para baiThakara samudra ko tairane kI icchA karatA hai| jisa zAstra meM hiMsA kA poSaNa hai aura jisa AcaraNa meM hiMsA kA saMsarga hai usaM AcaraNa se bhI kyA lAbha hai ? kucha nhiiN| usake saMsarga se durgati prApta hotI hai| sarva prANiyoM para dayA bhAva ko pragaTa karane vAlA eka akSara zreSTha hai, parantu viSayakaSAyI puruSa vdArA racita indriyapoSaka pAparUpa kuzAstra zreSTha nahIM hai|' isa hiMsA - niSedha ke prasaMga meM deva, dharma, guru aura zAstra ko nimitta banAkara kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kA jJAnArNavakAra dvArA jo bAra-bAra niSedha kiyA gayA hai usase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya zubhacandra deva ke samaya dharma ke nAma para hiMsA kA bolabAlA thaa| zAntikarma, yajJakarma Adi meM hiMsA ke niSedha se vaidika kAla meM hone vAlI pazuhiMsA kA niSedha samajhanA caahiye| jaina dharma ke anusAra kisI bhI hAlAta meM hiMsA upAdeya nahIM ho sakatI bhale hI hama apane jIvana meM pUrNa ahiMsaka na bana pAe phira bhI dharma kA lakSaNa to pUrNa ahiMsA hI hai| ahiMsA kI pUrNatA ko bar3e-bar3e tIrthaMkara jaise mahAyogI zramaNa muni hI prApta kara pAte haiN| phira bhI hameM apanI sthiti aura sAmarthya ke anusAra ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA caahie| yaha saba hI zAstroM meM aura saba hI matoM meM sunA jAtA hai ki dharma kA lakSaNa ahiMsA hai aura isake viparIta prANiyoM kA ghAta kiyA jAnA pApa hai| uparyukta vivecana se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi meM vahI dharma, guru aura zAstra samIcIna hai jisameM ahiMsA ko hI dharma kA zreSTha lakSaNa mAnA hai aura kahIM 1. jJAnArNava, 12 se 242, vahI 26 2. svayaMbhUstotra padya 119 3. vahI 8 adhyAya 30 padya 100

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para kisI bhI paristhiti meM hiMsA kA samarthana nahIM kiyA gayA ho| dharma ke nAma para kI jAne vAlI hiMsA sva-para ke lie mahAn anarthakArI hai| jina matoM meM dharma ko Azraya banAkara pUjA, yajJa, zAntikarma devatA Adi ke nimitta se prANI vadha hotA hai yA usakA anumodana kiyA jAtA hai vaha saba kumata hai aura usakA upadeza karane vAlA guru kuguru aura zAstra kuzAstra hai| sampUrNa yoga sAdhanA kA mUla ahiMsA hI hai| yogazAstrIya vyAsa bhASya kI TIkA meM maharSi vyAsa ne bhI prANI varga para sarvadA anabhidroha ko ahiMsA kahA hai| yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki kevala vadha na karanA hI ahiMsA nahIM hai, apitu samasta prANiyoM ke prati mana, vacana, kAya se maitrI, karuNA Adi sadabhAvoM kA poSaNa bhI ahiMsA ke antargata hai| mana, vANI evaM zarIra kramaza: aniSTa cintana, paruSabhASaNa tathA tAr3ana Adi se kisI prANI ko pIr3A pahu~cAnA hiMsA hai| ata: isase viparIta AcaraNa arthAt mana, vacana aura karma dArA sarvadA aura sarvathA prANImAtra ke prati droha tyAga karanA yogasammata hai| isIlie bhagavAn vyAsa ne samasta prANIvarga kA anabhidroha kahakara ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA kI hai| satya mahAvrata - jo bAta jaisI hai use vaisI hI kaha denA satya tathA anyathA kahanA asatya hai, aisA loka meM satya aura asatya kA lakSaNa pracalita hai| kintu satya aura asatya kI paribhASA tAttvika dRSTi se bar3I hI mahattvapUrNa hai| isa dRSTi se asat abhiprAya pUrvaka vacana kahanA, cAhe vaha jyoM-kI-tyoM bAta ko hI prakaTa kyoM na karatA ho, asatya haiM aura sadabhiprAya pUrvaka vacana kA vyavahAra karanA satya hai| jaisA ki jJAnArNavakAra ne likhA hai - 'jinendra bhagavAn ne yama-niyamAdi vratoM kA samUha kahA hai vaha eka mAtra ahiMsA vrata kI rakSA ke lie hI kahA hai| kyoMki ahiMsAvrata yadi asatya vacana se dUSita ho to vaha utkRSTa pada ko prApta nahIM hotA arthAt asatya vacana ke hone se ahiMsA vrata pUrNa nahIM hotaa| jo vacana jIvoM kA iSTa (hita) karane vAlA ho, vaha asatya ho to bhI satya hai aura jo vacana pApasahita hiMsA rUpa kArya ko puSTa karatA ho, vaha satya ho to bhI asatya aura nindanIya hai|' niyamasAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne satya mahAvrata kA lakSaNa isa prakAra nirUpita kiyA hai - 'jo sAdhu rAga se deSa se athavA moha se hone vAle mRSA bhASA ke pariNAma ko chor3atA hai usI ke sadA dasarA satya mahAvrata hotA hai|'5 1. yogazAstra, (vyAsabhASya) 2/30. 2. pAtaMjalayogasUtra kA vivecanAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 126. 3. jainadharma vizvadharma, pR. 42. 4. jJAnArNava, 9/2-3. . 5. niyamasAra, gAthA 57. 101

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mUlAcAra meM bhI satyavrata ke viSaya meM inhIM se milate-julate bhAvoM ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| sambhASaNa karane yogya vacana kA nirdeza karate hue AcArya zubhacandra ne likhA hai - 'jo vacana satya aura dayA se vyApta hai, virodha se rahita, AkulatA ko dUra karane vAlA, grAmya svarUpa se rahita, sabhya va ziSTa, gaurava se sahita mahAnatA kA kAraNa ho usakI zAstra meM prazaMsA kI jAtI hai| nahIM bolane yogya vacanoM kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai - 'jo vacana zaMkA ko utpanna karane vAlA, pApa svarUpa, doSoM se paripUrNa aura IrSyA ko utpanna karane vAlA ho aise vacana pUche jAne para bhI satpuruSoM ko nahIM bolanA cAhie aura na vaise vacanoM ko kisI prakAra se sunanA caahie| jo vacana marma ko vidIrNa karane vAlA, mana meM kA~Te ke samAna cubhane vAlA, sthiratA se bhraSTa karane vAlA, virodha ko utpanna karane vAlA aura dayArahita hai use kaNThagata prANa hone para bhI nahIM bolanA caahie|' satyavAdI puruSoM kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai - 'isa jagat meM ve puruSa dhanya haiM,.. jinake hRdaya meM karuNA rUpa samudra utpanna hokara vacana rUpI laharoM ke samUha ke ullAsoM se jIvoM ko zAnti pradAna karatA hai| jahA~ dharma kA nAza hotA ho, kriyA bigar3atI ho tathA samIcIna siddhAnta kA lopa hotA ho to vahA~ samIcIna dharma, kriyA aura siddhAnta ke prakAzanArtha binA pUche bhI vidvAnoM ko bolanA caahie| kyoMki yaha satpuruSoM kA kArya hai|'' satya vANI kA mAhAtmya varNana karate hue kahA hai - 'jIvoM ko jisa prakAra karNapriya vANI sukhI karatI hai, usI prakAracandana, candramA, candramaNi, motI tathA mAlatI ke puSpoM kI mAlA Adi zItala padArtha sukhI nahIM kara skte| jina puruSoM ne apanA janma yama va vratAdi guNoM se saMyukta satya zAstroM ke adhyayana pUrvaka vyatIta kiyA hai ve hI dhanya haiM aura ve vidvAnoM ke dvArA bhI pUjanIya haiN|'5 satya vacana kA suphala - jina manuSyoM kI sevA devAdika karate haiM, aise tIrthakara cakravartI Adi hote haiM unake agni meM praveza karane para yA jala meM girane para bhI devAdika unakI sahAyatA karate haiM, yaha satya suvacana kA suphala hai| / saMsAra kA adhikAMza vyavahAra vacanoM ke mAdhyama se hI calatA hai| yadi mAnava jagatse vacana kI pravRtti naSTa ho jAe to manuSya aura pazu vyavahAra meM kucha bhI antara na rahe / vacana meM asIma zakti nihita hai| eka vacana vaha hai jo duHkhI, azAnta aura vyAkula manuSya ke anta:karaNa meM amRta gholakara mRtyu ke mukha se bhI nikAlakara jIvana pradAna 1. mUlAcAra, gAthA 6/290. 2. jJAnArNava, 9/5. 3. vahI, 9/12. 4. vahI, 9/14-15. 5. jJAnArNava, 9/20. 6. vahI, 9/42. 102

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karatA hai| isase viparIta eka vacana aisA bhI hotA hai jo hRdaya meM tIra-jaisA cubha jAtA hai aura talavAra, churI aura baMdUka kI golI ke AghAta se bhI adhika pIr3A pahu~cAtA hai| ata: manuSyoM ko cAhie ki vaha vacana kA ThIka-ThIka vyavahAra kre| asteya mahAvrata - 'stin steye' dhAtu se bhAvArthaka yat pratyaya aura na kA lopa hone se steya zabda niSpanna hotA hai, isakA artha corI athavA taskaratA hai| steyAbhAva ko asteya kahate haiN| ata: asteya kA artha hai corI athavA balAtkArapUrvaka kisI ke dravya ko grahaNa na krnaa|' asteya ke viparIta steya hai| arthAt binA diye paravastu ko lalacAkara grahaNa karanA adattAdAna yA corI hai| corI meM dUsaroM kI dhanAdi vastuoM ko curAkara har3apa jAne kI tIvra lAlasA rahA karatI hai| isase vyakti kA naitika patana to hotA hI hai sAtha meM jisakI cIja curAI jAtI hai, use bhI kaSTa pahu~catA hai| isalie yaha bhI hiMsA kA eka aMga hai| dhana-sampatti ko loka meM manuSya kA bAhirI prANa kahA jAtA hai| ise prApta karane meM manuSya dina-rAta parizrama karate hue zArIrika aura mAnasika aneka prakAra ke kaSTa sahana karate haiN| apane kamAye hue dhana ko prANoM se bhI pyArA samajhate hue use surakSita rakhane kA bhI prayatna karate haiN| eka paisA bhI kho jAe yA suI-jaisI vastu kA bhI patA na cale to unake prANa vyAkula ho jAte haiN| phira bhalA adhika kImatI vastuoM ko usakI binA marjI yA AjJA ke curA lene meM kise duHkha na hogA ? apanI kisI vastu ke dUsaroM dvArA curA liye jAne para usake kaSTa kA anubhava AsAnI se ho sakatA hai| isake sivAya binA die para vastu ko curAte samaya antarAtmA meM bhI bhaya evaM AkulatA kA anubhava hotA hai| isalie sva-para kaSTaprada hone ke kAraNa corI hiMsA kA hI aMga hai|2|| saMsArI jIvoM ke jisa prakAra jIvana ke kAraNabhUta indriya, zvAsocchavAsAdi * anta:prANa haiM, usI prakAra dhana, dhAnya, sampadA, baila, ghor3A, dAsI, dAsa, mandira, pRthvI Adika jitane padArtha pAe jAte haiM, ve saba unake jIvana ke kAraNabhUta bAhya prANa haiN| isalie unameM se eka bhI padArtha kA viyoga hone se jIvoM ko prANaghAta sadRza duHkha hotA hai, isI se kahate haiM ki corI sAkSAt hiMsA hai| bhAI, mAtA, pitA, putra, strI, mitrAdi koI bhI cora kA saMsarga kSaNabhara ke lie nahIM cAhate athavA cora kA koI sagA nahIM hotaa| isa loka meM cora ke saMsarga se mahApuruSa laghutA ko prApta hue| guNI puruSa khaMDita kiye gae aura munigaNa bhI mAre ge| ata: AcArya kahate haiM ki 'he Atman ! nadI, parvata, grAma, vana tathA ghara meM rakhe hue, gire hue, naSTa hue para dhana ko mana, vacana, kAya se grahaNa karanA chor3a de| 4. 1. yogasArasaMgraha, pR. 62. 2. jJAnArNava, 10/3. 3. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 103. 4. jJAnArNava, 10/9, 13, 16. 103

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buddhimAnoM ko paradhana grahaNa karane kI icchA to svapna meM bhI dUra hai kintu danta dhone, ko tRNa bhI binA diyA huA grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| jo dharma rupI vRkSa ko viSayavirati rUpa jar3a se sthira, saMyama rUpa U~cI zAkhAoM se vistRta mahAvrata rUpa pattoM se evaM kaSAyopazama rUpa puSpoM se suzobhita jJAna kI lIlArUpa phaloM se saMyukta aura paNDita jana rUpa pakSiyoM se sevita hai use muni bhI yahA~ corI rUpa tIvra agni ke dvArA jalA DAlatA hai|' maharSi vyAsa ne bhI azAstrIya vidhi se dUsaroM ke dhana ke svIkaraNa ko steya tathA usake viruddha steya meM spRhA ke abhAva ko asteya kahA hai| indriya se paradravyApa-haraNa to dUra kI bAta hai, mana se bhI anyAyapUrvaka paradravya svIkaraNa ke icchArAhitya ko asteya kahate haiN| ata: nija svarahita vastu ke grahaNa evaM usake grahaNaspRhA ke parityAga kI ceSTA hI asteya kA sAdhana hai| isa viSaya meM zruti bhI dRSTavya hai - mA gRdaH kasyaciddhanam / ' brahmacarya mahAvrata - brahmacarya yama kA caturtha aMga hai| brahma kA artha AtmA aura carya kA artha ramaNa karanA arthAt strI Adi bAhya vastuoM se upayoga ko haTAkara AtmA kA AtmA meM hI ramaNa karanA (lIna honA) vAstavika brahmacarya hai| isakA pAlana zArIrika, naitika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai| zArIrika dRSTi se isalie ki isake dvArA vIrya kI rakSA hone se bala kA hAsa nahIM ho paataa| brahma zabda kA artha nirmala jJAnasvarUpa AtmA hai, usa AtmA meM lIna hone vAle jisa muni kA mana apane zarIra ke bhI sambandha meM nirmamatva ho cukA hai, usI ke brahmacarya hotA hai| athavA mana, vANI evaM karma dArA saba avasthAoM meM sarvatra, samasta prANiyoM meM maithuna kA parityAga brahmacarya kahalAtA hai| bAhyAbhyantara brahmacarya - adhyAtma mArga meM brahmacarya ko sarvapradhAna mAnA jAtA hai| nizcaya se dekhane para krodhAdi nigraha kA bhI isI meM antarbhAva ho jAne se isake jo uttara bheda aThAraha hajAra haiM ve bhI sammilita haiN| parantu strI ke tyAga rUpa brahmacarya kI bhI loka va paramArtha donoM kSetroM meM bahuta mahattA hai| vaha brahmacarya aNuvrata rUpa se bhI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai aura mahAvrata rUpa se bhii| jo puNyAtmA striyoM ke sAre sundara aMgoM ko dekhakara bhI unameM rAga rUpa bure 1. jJAnArNava, 10/20. 3. IzAvAsyopaniSad 2. 5. yogasAra saMgraha, 63. 2. pAtaMjalayogasUtra, pR. 62. 4. padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA, 12/2. 104

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pariNAma karanA chor3a detA hai, vahI durdhara brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karatA hai|' athavA anubhUta strI kA smaraNa na karane se, strI viSayaka kathA ke sunane kA tyAga karane se aura strI ke saTakara sone aura baiThane kA tyAga karane se paripUrNa brahmacarya hotA hai| athavA svatantra vRtti kA tyAga karane ke lie gurukula meM nivAsa karanA bhI brahmacarya hai| brahmacarya mahAvrata kA svarUpa - jisa vrata kA Alambana karake yogIgaNa parabrahma paramAtmA ko jAnate haiM arthAt use anubhavate haiM aura jisako dhIra-vIra puruSa hI dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, kintu sAmAnya puruSa dhAraNa nahIM kara sakate, vaha brahmacarya nAmaka mahAvrata hai| ina tInoM lokoM meM brahmacarya nAma kA vrata hI prazaMsA karane yogya hai, kyoMki jina puruSoM ne isa vrata kI nirmalatA niraticAratA pUrvaka prApta kI hai, ve pUjya puruSoM ke dvArA pUje jAte haiN|' AcArya zubhacandra ne brahmacaryavrata ke pratipakSI maithuna ke dasa prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve nimna haiM - 1. zarIrasaMskAra, 2. puSTarasa kA sevana, 3. gIta-vAditra-nRtya kA dekhanA, 4. strIsaMsarga karanA, 5. strI meM kisI prakAra saMkalpa va vicAra karanA, 6. strI aMga dekhanA, 7. strI kA satkAra karanA, 8. pUrva meM anubhava kiye gae sambhoga kA smaraNa karanA, 9. Age pAne kI cintA aura 10. viirykssrnn| __yogabhASyavivRtti meM bhI maharSi dakSamuni ne aSTamaithunarAhitya ko brahmacarya kA lakSaNa kahA hai| unake anusAra maithuna ke ATha bheda nimna haiM - 1. smaraNa, 2. kIrtana, 3. keli, 4. prekSaNa, 5. guptabhASaNa, 6. saMkalpa, 7. adhyavasAya aura 8. kriyaanivRtti| brahmacarya pAlana ke upAya - AcArya zubhacandra ne ina kAmabhogoM kI nisAratA ko nidarzita karate hue vistAra ke sAtha inake parityAga kA upadeza apane grantha jJAnArNava meM diyA hai| ve kahate haiM - ... 'jo sajjana kAmabhogoM se virakta hokara brahma kI upAsanA karate haiN| unheM apane pariNAmoM ko nirmala rakhane ke lie ina dasa doSoM kA parityAga karanA caahie|' _ 'kAma rUpa agni nizcaya se prANiyoM ke hRdaya meM jalatI hai / parantu vaha pIche nirdayatApUrvaka unake aMga evaM upAMgoM ko jalA DAlatI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki hRdaya meM kAmavAsanA ke utpanna hone para prANiyoM kA sArA zarIra pIr3ita hotA hai| paM. AzAdhara ne isa darnivAra kAmaroga ke saMyamana kA vicAra karate hae katipaya uktiyA~ prastuta kI haiM, jinameM usake lie ucita parAmarza evaM upAya bhI nirUpita 1. bArasANuvekkhA , 80. 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6/413. 3. jJAnArNava, 11/3. 4. jJAnArNava, 11/7-9. 5.yogabhASyavivRtti, 6. jJAnArNava, 11/11. 7. vahI, 11/15. 105

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isI taraha kiye haiM - 'kAmadeva rUpa zatru jJAniyoM kI saMgati, tapa aura dhyAna se bhI nahIM jItA jAtA hai| vaha kevala zarIra aura AtmA ke bhedajJAna se utpanna hue vairAgya ke hI prabhAva se jItA jAtA hai| isI taraha anyatra bhI isa prakAra ke upadezoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| yathA - mana ke dvArA brahmacarya ke viparIta bAtoM kA socanA, jisameM kisI nArI kA cintana karanA, usase sambandhita ghaTanAoM kA yAda krnaa| isa prakAra kA cintana va smaraNa karane kA tyAga karane se brahmacarya kI rakSA hotI hai| vANI ko brahmacarya ke anurUpa prayoga meM lAnA vAcika brahmacarya hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki striyoM se sambandhita carcA nahIM karanI caahie| Amoda, pramoda, rahana-sahana rUpAdi bhAvoM ke tyAga se brahmacarya kA pAlana hotA hai| brahmacaryavrata ke pAlana kI nirbharatA zarIra para bhI hai| mana yA vANI se kisI prakAra kI bhUla yA ucchaMkhalatA ho jAne para zarIra meM pravRtti na hone se brahmacarya kI rakSA hotI hai| isa vrata kI surakSA ke lie AcArya zubhacandra kA upadeza to itanA bhI hai ki - 'brahmacaryavrata ko nirmala rakhane ke lie kevala striyoM ke hI saMsarga kA parityAga karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, balki kAmakalA kA Alambana karane vAle durAcAriyoM ke bhI saMsarga kA parityAga karanA Avazyaka hai|'2 isa sandarbha meM AcArya mahAcanda muni kA yaha mata vizeSa ullekhanIya hai - 'jisa taraha nadI ke nikaTa rahe hue vRkSa kA samaya Ane para vinAza hotA hai, vaise tapasviyoM kA tapa strI-saMga se nAza hotA hai|' brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke lie vRddha sevA kI anivAryatA kA pratipAdana AcArya zubhacandra kA apanA viziSTa prameya hai| ise unhoMne jitanA paripuSTa aura pallavita kiyA hai vaha anyatra durlabha hI nahIM apitu alabhya bhI hai| unake katipaya sandarbho kA nidarzana karAnA ucita hogaa| yathA - __'donoM lokoM kI siddhi, pariNAmoM kI nirmalatA tathA jJAna evaM vinaya kI vRddhi ke lie vastuta: vRddhajanoM kI sevA kI hI prazaMsA kI jAtI hai| vRddhajanoM se abhiprAya yahA~ una vRddhoM kA nahIM hai jo kevala Ayu se adhika hote haiM, kintu jo Agama me pAraMgata hokara 2. aSTAMgayogarahasya, pR. 39. 1. sAgAradharmAmRta, 6/32. 3. vahI, pR. 39. 106

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saMyama kA paripAlana karate haiN| jo Atma-para svarUpa ke jJAtA hone se saMsAra, zarIra evaM bhogoM kI ora se virakta rahate haiM, tathA jo dRr3hatApUrvaka tapa evaM dhyAna meM lIna rahate haiM, una mahAtmAoM ko yahA~ vRddha pada se grahaNa karanA caahie| kAraNa ki aise mahApuruSa hI Atmahita ke sAtha parahita ke sampAdana meM bhI samartha hote haiN| isake viparIta jo avasthA meM vRddha hote haiM ve para kA kalyANa to kara hI nahIM sakate, kintu sAtha hI ve Atmahita ke sAdhana meM bhI asamartha ho jAte haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki usa samaya unakA zarIra zithila ho jAtA hai, indriyA~ apanA kArya nahIM karatI haiM tathA smRti kSINa aura vicArazakti naSTa ho jAtI hai|'' 'jo puruSa vRddhasevA kA Azraya lete haiM unakI kaSAyarupa agni rAgAdi sahita zAnta ho jAtI hai, mana prasanna vA nirmala ho jAtA hai|' Age vRddha sevA kI preraNA karate hue AcArya kahate haiM - 'ki he durbuddhi Atman ! gurujanoM kI sAkSIpUrvaka arthAt gurujanoM ke nikaTa rahakara tU apane vairAgya ko to nirmala kara aura saMsAra, deha, bhogoM se leza mAtra bhI rAga mata kara tathA cittarUpI daitya jo ki svecchA se pravartatA hai, use vaza meM kara aura utkRSTa buddhi ko aMgIkAra kara, kyoMki ye guNa gurujanoM kI sevA karane se hI prApta hote haiN| ___ 'vRddha' zabda ke arthAvadhAraNa meM AcArya zubhacandra kI apanI hI avadhAraNA pratIta hotI hai, jo paramparA se haTakara nae va vikasita artha kI ora pravRtta huI hai / ve kahate haiM - 'jo muni tapa, zAstrAdhyayana, dhairya, dhyAna, viveka, yama tathA saMyamAdi se vRddha huye haiM ve hI vRddha hote haiN| kevala avasthA mAtra adhika hone se va keza (bAla) sapheda hone se hI vRddha nahIM hote|' vRddhasevA kA phala batalAte hue AcArya zubhacandra ne aneka kAryoM kI siddhi usase mAnI hai| ve kahate haiM - 'vRddhoM kI sevA karane vAle puruSoM ke hI cAritra Adi sampadA hotI hai| krodhAdi kaSAyoM se malina mana nirmala ho jAtA hai| jinakI AtmA satsamAgamarUpa amRta ke pravAha se nirantara Ardra kI gaI hai, una manuSyoM kI viSaya-tRSNA bhogoM ke sulabha hone para bhI zAnta ho jAtI hai| jisa manuSya kI AtmA satsaMgati se utpanna hue samyagjJAna se anuraMjita hai vaha kAtaratA ko chor3akara svayaM dhairya kA hI Azraya letA hai| yogIzvaroM kI satsaMgati meM rahane se AtmAnubhava kI prApti aura karmoM kA nAza hotA hai| saMsArI muni yogIzvaroM ke mahApavitra AcaraNa ke anuSThAna ko dekhakara vA sunakara una yogIzvaroM kI sevita padavI meM saralatA se pravRtta ho jAtA hai|' 'jIvoM ko samasta vidyAoM meM caturatA, vinaya meM atipravINatA tathA apane siddhAnta meM bhAvoM kI zuddhi arthAt ni:sandehatA Adi guNa satpuruSoM kI satsaMgati se hI prApta hote 1. vahI, pR. 40. 3. bArahavakhara-kakka, 205. 2. jJAnArNava, 14/43. 4. jJAnArNava, 15/1. 107

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haiN| jisane gurukula - gurusamUha kI upAsanA nahIM kI, usakA vijJAna prazaMsA karane yogya nahIM hai| kintu vaha mayUra ke nRtya ke samAna nindanIya hai|'' nItikAroM kA bhI yahI kahanA hai - ___ saMdigdhaM hi parijJAnaM guruprtyyvrjitm| arthAt jisa jJAna ke upArjana meM gurujana kA vizvAsa upalabdha nahIM huA vaha parimANa meM adhika hone para bhI samIcInatA ke viSaya meM sandehAspada hI rahatA hai| isase vRddha samAgama kI upodayatA siddha hI hai| aparigraha mahAvrata - ___ parigraha kA zAbdika evaM nirukti artha - parigraha zabda meM do zabda haiM - pari aura graha, pari upasarga hai aura graha grahaNa karane ke artha meM Ane vAlI dhAtu hai| jo cAroM ora se grahaNa kare, cAroM ora se bA~dha de usakA nAma parigraha hai| parigRhyata iti parigraha: bAhyArtha: kSetrAdiH parigRhyate aneneti ca parigrahaH __bAhyArthagrahaNaheturatra pariNAma: / '3 arthAt jo grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha parigraha hai| isa nirukti ke anusAra kSetrAdi rUpa bAhya padArtha parigraha kahe jAte haiN| athavA una bAhya padArthoM ke kAraNabhUta pariNAma bhI parigraha meM parigaNita hote haiN| sAdhu kA saba prakAra ke antaraMga evaM bAhya parigraha se mukta honA aparigraha mahAvrata hai| aparigraha kA zAbdika artha hai apane pAsa kucha na rakhanA yA kisI bhI vastu para apanA adhikAra nahIM jatAnA athavA apanI AvazyakatAnusAra hI vastu ko rakhanA aura anya anAvazyaka tRNa bhI parigraha hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne parigraha kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai - mUrchA parigrahaH' arthAt para padArthoM meM mamatva bhAva rakhanA hI parigraha hai| isI lakSaNa ko lagabhaga samasta AcAryoM evaM vicArakoM ne binA kisI vivAda ke svIkAra bhI kiyA hai|' parigraha ke bheda - bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se parigraha do prakAra kA hai| bAhya parigraha cetana aura acetana ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai, jabaki antaraMga parigraha kevala cetana rUpa hai| kyoMki ve saba AtmA ke vikArI pariNAma haiN| bahiraMga parigraha ke vAstu 1. jJAnArNava, 15/2-3. 2. vahI, 15/4. 3. rAjavArtika sUtra, sarvAthasiddhi TIkA 4. tattvArthA sUtra 7/17 5. jJAnArNava 15/29 kA uddharaNa 1. - - 108

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(ghara), kSetra (kheta), dhana, dhAnya, dipada (manuSya), catuSpada (pazu, hAthI, ghor3e), zayanAsana, yAna, kupya aura bhANDa ke bheda se daza prakAra kA hai|' antaraMga parigraha ke caudaha avAntara bhedoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM - mithyAtva, strIveda, napuMsakaveda, puMveda, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha athavA anantAnubandhI, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, sNjvlnkssaay| donoM prakAra ke parigraha ke tyAga kA nirdeza karate hue AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM - 'kadAcit antaraMga ke parigraha meM koI parigraha vidyamAna rahe to phira unheM AtmadRSTA yogiyoM kI saMgati karanI caahie| kyoMki muni ko samasta saMgha kA tyAgakara dhyAnastha rahane ko kahA hai| yadi dhyAnastha nahIM rahA jAe to AtmadhyAnI yogIzvaroM kI saMgati meM rahanA caahie| parigraha ke doSa aura aparigraha se lAbha - parigraha ke doSoM kA varNana karate hue AcArya zrI zubhacandra ne likhA hai - jisa prakAra nAva meM pASANa Adi kA bojha bar3hane se guNavAna arthAt rassI se ba~dhI huI bhI nAva samudra meM DUba jAtI hai usI prakAra saMyamI muni yadi guNavAna hai to bhI parigraha ke bhAra se saMsAra rUpI sAgara meM DUba jAtA hai| parigraha se kAma (vA~chA) hotA hai aura kAma se krodha, krodha se hiMsA, hiMsA se pApa, pApa se narakagati hotI hai| usa narakagati meM vacanoM ke agocara atida:kha hotA hai| isa prakAra da:kha kA mUla parigraha hai| sUtra siddhAnta meM parigraha hI samasta anarthoM kA mUla mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki jisake hone se rAgAdika zatru na ho to bhI kSaNamAtra meM utpanna ho jAte haiN| parigraha se mohita muni ke rAgAdika kA jItanA satya, kSamA, zauca aura tRSNA rahitapanA Adi guNa naSTa ho jAte haiN| yaha manuSya parigrahoM se pIr3ita hokara viSayarUpI soM se kATA jAtA hai| kAmarUpI * vANoM se bedhA jAtA hai| strIrUpI zikArI se rokA jAtA hai arthAt bAMdhA jAtA hai| aNumAtra (thor3A sA) parigraha rakhane se moha karma kI gA~Tha dRr3ha hotI hai aura isase tRSNA kI aisI vRddhi ho jAtI hai ki usakI zAnti ke lie samasta loka ke rAjya se bhI pUrA nahIM pdd'taa| jaba taka hRdaya meM santoSavRtti kA udaya nahIM hotA, taba taka yaha duSpUrya tRSNA evaM Asakti samApta nahIM hotii| ni:saMgatA kA mahattva - jo muni parigraha rUpI kardama se nikala gayA ho vahI nirAzatA kA avalaMbana kara sakatA hai aura usa nirAzatA ke hone para vahI muni paratantratA svarUpa duHkhoM se kadApi gherA va dabAyA nahIM jAtA / ThIka hI hai, AzArahita hone para 1. dhavalA, pu. 12 pR. 282. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 7/17. .. 3. jJAnArNava, 1/14. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 111 aadi| 4. jJAnarNava, 16/3. 109

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parAdhInatA kA duHkha kyoM ho ?' parigraha rahita saMyamI cAhe nirjana vana meM rahe, cAhe bhavana meM, cAhe sukha meM rahe, cAhe du:kha meM, usako kahIM bhI pratibaddhatA nahIM hai, vaha saba jagaha sambandha rahita nirmohI rahatA hai| viSayoM meM Asakti ko saMga kahate haiN| vaha bhI doSa hai, kyoMki isase prabala bhogecchA jAgrata hotI hai| bhogAbhyAsa se viSaya rAga dRDhatara hotA hai tathA indriyoM meM bhogapATava kI vRddhi hotI hai| prANIpIr3ana ke binA bhoga sambhava nahIM hotA aura prANipIr3ana hiMsA hai| ata: yogasAdhaka ke lie zAstrIya viSaya bhI yathAsaMbhava parityAjya hai| yahI aparigraha hai| zAstrokta viparIta dravya ke grahaNa meM to spaSTa hI doSa hai, viSayoM ke grahaNa meM bhI pUrvokta doSa hote haiN| AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi se sarvaparigraha kA tyAga karanA hI mahAvrata hai| upakaraNa ke bahAne se kisI bhI bAhya parigraha- vastra, bhikSApAtra Adi bhI upakaraNa kI sImA meM nahIM aate| unhoMne likhA hai - zrImajjinendra bhagavAn ke parama Agama meM samasta parigrahoM ke tyAga ko hI mahAvrata kahA hai| jo koI isase anyathA kahatA hai vaha adhama hai aura apanA tathA para kA ghAta karane vAlA hai| sAdhutA parigraha ke tyAga meM hI suzobhita hotI hai aura parigrahoM meM eka zarIra ko chor3a jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve sabhI bAhirI parigraha haiN| jo parigraha ko rakhate haiM yA anumodanA karate haiM ve svayaM mokSamArga se bhraSTa hote haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI niSparigrahatA se zithila karate haiN| ata: ve sva-para ke ghAtaka haiN| AcArya zubhacandra kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki 'jisa muni kA citta parigraha rUpI pizAca se aneka prakAra se pIDita hai, usakA citta dhyAna karate samaya kadApi svapna meM bhI sthira nahIM raha sktaa| parigraha mahAvrata kI siddhi ke sAdhaka ko prathama hI AzA ko chor3akara nirAzatA kA avalambana karanA hotA hai| kAraNa ki AzA ke bane rahane se parigraha to kabhI bhI saMgRhIta ho sakatA hai| manuSyoM ke jaise-jaise zarIra tathA dhana meM AzA bar3hatI hai, vaise-vaise unake mohakarma kI gA~Tha dRr3ha hotI jAtI hai| isa AzA ko rokA nahIM jAe to yaha nirantara loka paryanta phailatI hai aura usase isakA mUla dRr3ha hotA jAtA hai| taba isakA nAza ho pAnA azakya ho jAtA hai| isalie isako prArambha meM hI rokanA zreSTha hai| viSayAzA kI vyarthatAko nidarzita karate hue AcArya zubhacandra kI hI taraha AcArya 1. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 116. 2. jJAnArNava, 16/8. 3. jJAnArNava, 16/23-4. 4. vahI, 34. 5. vahI, 35. 110

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guNabhadra kI dRSTi pavitratA se bhara uThatI hai, jaba ve kahate haiM - 'hara eka jIvoM kI AzA rUpI garta itanA bar3A hai ki jisameM vizva hI aNu ke samAna atyalpa hai| phira kisake lie kyA hisse meM AegA ? ata: tumhArI viSayoM kI icchA vyartha hai|" paJca samitiyA~ - teraha prakAra ke cAritra meM, paJca mahAvratoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt una vratoM kI surakSA ke lie AcAryoM ne pA~ca samitiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| samiti zabda kI vyAkhyA samyak pravRtti ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| samiti zramaNa jIvana kI sAdhanA kA vidhAyaka pakSa hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra samitiyA~ AcaraNa kI pravRtti ke lie haiN| zramaNa-jIvana meM zarIra dhAraNa ke lie athavA saMyama ke nirvAha ke lie jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM unako vivekapUrvaka saMpAdita karanA hI samiti hai| samitiyA~ pA~ca haiM - 1. IryA (gamana), 2. bhASA, 3. eSaNA, (nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa), 4. AdAnanikSepaNa aura 5: utsrg| 1. IryAsamiti - muni prasiddha siddhakSetroM tathA jinapratimAoM kI vandanA ke lie tathA guru AcArya vA jo tapa se bar3e hoM unakI sevA karane ke lie, bahuta loga jisameM gamana karate he aise mArga meM dayA se Ardracitta hokara jIvoM kI rakSA karatA huA dhIre-dhIre gamana kre| calane se pahale hI jisane yuga (cAra hAtha pramANa) parimANa mArga ko bhale prakAra dekha liyA ho aura pramAda rahita ho aisI muni kI IryAsamiti kahI gaI hai| muni ko AvAgamana kI kriyA isa prakAra saMpAdita karanA cAhie ki usameM kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA na ho| ina samitiyoM kI samagra vivecanA meM pramukha dRSTi ahiMsA mahAvrata kI rakSA hI hai| 2. bhASA samiti - dhUrta (mAyAvI), kAmI, mAMsabhakSI, cora, nAstikamatI cArvAkAdi se vyavahAra meM lAI huI bhASA tathA saMdeha upajAne vAlI vA pApasaMyukta ho aisI bhASA buddhimAnoM ko tyAganI cAhie tathA vacanoM ke daza doSa rahita sUtrAnusAra sAdhu puruSoM ko mAnya ho aisI bhASA ko kahane vAle muni ke utkRSTa bhASA samiti hotI hai| vivekapUrNa bhASA kA prayoga karanA bhASA samiti hai| isake dhAraka muni ko sadoSa, karmabandha karAne vAlI, karkaza, paruSa, parakopinI, anIti va anarthakArI, hRdayavidAriNI, atimAninI, jIvoM ko AghAta aura paritApa dene vAlI arthAt dazadhA bhASA nahIM bolanI caahie| varan ghabarAye binA, vivekapUrvaka, samabhAva rakhate hue aura nikSepa se yukta hita, mita, madhura evaM satya bhASA bolanA caahie| 1. AtmAnuzAsana, 36. 2. jJAnArNava, 16/22. 3. vahI, 16/39. 4. jJAnArNava, 18/8-9 5. jJAnArNava prakSipta zloka 18/1-2. 111

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vastuta: vANI kA viveka sAmAjika jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa maryAdA hai| barka kA kathana hai ki 'saMsAra ko du:khamaya banAne vAlI adhikAMza duSTatAe~ zabdoM se hI utpanna hotI haiN|'' ata: vANI kA viveka zramaNa aura gRhastha donoM ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai| zramaNa to sAdhanA kI ucca bhUmikA para sthita hotA hai ata: use to apanI vANI ke prati bahuta hI sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| 3. eSaNA samiti - eSaNA kA sAmAnya artha AvazyakatA yA cAha hotA hai| sAdhaka gRhastha ho yA muni, jaba taka zarIra kA bandhana hai, jaivika AvazyakatAe~ usake sAtha lagI rahatI haiN| jIvana dhAraNa karane ke lie AhAra, sthAna Adi kI AvazyakatAe~ banI rahatI haiN| muni ko apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ayAcakavRtti ke dvArA kisa prakAra karanA cAhie, isakA viveka rakhanA hI eSaNA samiti hai| eSaNA kA artha khoja yA gaveSaNA hai| isa artha kI hI dRSTi se yahA~ AhAra, pAnI, vasatikA Adi kI vivekapUrvaka gaveSaNA karanA eSaNAsamiti hai|' eSaNA kI zuddhi solaha udgamadoSa, solaha utpAdana doSa, daza eSaNA doSa, aura dhuA~, aMgAra, pramANa va saMyojana ina cAra ke milAne se hone vAle chayAlIsa doSoM se rahita hone se hotI hai| isake atirikta isameM caudaha maladoSa aura battIsa antarAyoM kA bhI parihAra kiyA jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki chayAlIsa doSoM se rahita aura mana-vacanakAya, kRta-kArita-anumodanA Adi se rahita tathA zItAdi meM samatA bhAva rUpa jo AhAra : hotA hai vaha nirmala eSaNAsamiti hotI hai| AcArya akalaMka svAmI ne tattvArtha rAjavArtika meM eSaNA kA lakSaNa likhate hue eka sundara rUpaka prastuta kiyA hai, jo nimnata: hai - 'guNa ratnoM ko Dhone vAlI zarIra rUpI gAr3I ko samAdhi nagara kI ora le jAne kI icchA rakhane vAle sAdhu kA jaTharAgni ke dAha ko zamana karane ke lie auSadhi kI taraha yA gAr3I meM oMgana dene kI taraha annAdi AhAra ko binA svAda ke grahaNa karanA eSaNA samiti hai| yaha deza, kAla, pratyaya aura nava koTiyoM se vizuddha AhAra grahaNa karane se hotI hai|' 4. AdAnanikSepaNa samiti - upayoga meM Ane vAlI pratyeka vastu ko dekhabhAla kara uThAnA yA rakhanA, jisase ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na ho, AdAnanikSepaNa haiN| tAtparya vastuoM ke uThAne-rakhane Adi meM pUrNa sAvadhAnI rakhanI caahie| 1. vahI, 18/5-7, mUlAcAra gAthA 10-11. 2. jJAnArNava, 18/8-9., mUlAcAra gAthA 12. 3. AcArAMga, 2/3/133-140., dazavaikAlika, adhyayana 7. 4. amaravANI, pR. 107: tattvArthA rAjavArtika 9/5/6, pR. 514 112

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jJAna kA upakaraNa zAstra, saMyama kA upakaraNa picchI, zauca kA upakaraNa kamaMDalu athavA anya bhI upakaraNoM ko prayatnaparvaka grahaNa karanA aura rakhanA ADhAnanikSepaNa samiti hai| 5.utsargasamiti (pratiSThApanAsamiti)- ahisAvrata ke niraticArapAlanArtha zArIrika maloM ko vivekapUrvaka, ekAnta, jIvajantu rahita, gUDha, dUrasthita, maryAdita, vistIrNa aura virodharahita sthAna meM mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga pratiSThApanA samiti hai| tAtparya jahA~ para asaMyatajanoM kA gamanAgamana nahIM ho, aise vijana sthAna ko ekAnta kahate haiN| haritakAya aura trasakAya Adi se rahita jale hue athavA jale ke samAna, aise sthaNDila - khule maidAna ko jIvajanturahita kahA hai| saMvRtta-maryAdA sahita sthAna arthAt jahA~ logoM kI dRSTi nahIM par3a sakatI hai aise sthAna ko gUr3ha kahate haiN| vizAla yA vilAdi se rahita sthAna vistIrNa kahA jAtA hai aura jahA~ para logoM kA virodha nahIM hai vaha virodharahita sthAna hai| bauddha-paramparA aura pA~ca samitiyA~ - bauddha paramparA meM yadyapi samiti zabda kA prayoga usa artha meM nahIM huA hai jisa artha meM jainaparamparA meM vyavahRta hai| phira bhI samiti kA Azaya bauddha paramparA meM bhI svIkRta hai| saMyuttanikAya meM buddha kahate haiM 'bhikSuo! bhikSu Ane-jAne meM saceta rahatA hai| sameTane-pasArane meM saceta rahatA hai, dekhane-bhAlane meM saceta rahatA hai| jAte, khar3e hote, baiThate, sote, jAgate, kahate, cupa rahate meM saceta rahatA hai| bhikSuo, isa taraha bhikSu samprajJa hotA hai|' isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki buddha pA~coM samitiyoM kA vivecana kara dete haiM muni kI AvAgamana kI kriyA ke viSaya meM vinayapiTaka meM ullekha hai ki muni sAvadhAnIpUrvaka manthara gati se gamana kre| gamana karate samaya variSTha bhikSuoM se Age na cale, calate samaya . ' dRSTi nIce rakhe tathA jora-jora se ha~satA huA aura bAtacIta karatA huA na cle| sUttanipAta meM muni kI bhikSA vRtti ke sambandha meM buddha ke nirdeza upalabdha haiM, ve kahate haiM - rAtri ke bItane para muni gA~va meM paiThe, vahA~ na to kisI kA nimantraNa svIkAra kare na kisI ke dvArA gA~va se lAye gae bhojana ko, na muni gA~va meM Akara sahasA vicaraNa kare, cupacApa bhikSA kare aura (bhikSA ke lie) kisI bhI prakAra kA saMketa karate hue koI bAta na bole| yadi kucha mile to acchA hai aura na mile to bhI ThIka, isa prakAra donoM avasthAoM meM 1. jJAnArNava, 18/10-11., mUlAcAra gAthA 13. 2. vahI, 9/5/7 pR. 594. 3.1. uttarAdhyayana, 24/14., jJAnArNava, 18/12-13., mUlAcAra gAthA 14. . malAcAra, gAthA 15. 4. saMyuttanikAya, 34/5/1/7. 5. vinayapiTaka, 8/4/4. 113

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avicalita rahakara vApasa vana kI ora lautte| gUMge kI taraha mauna ho, hAtha meM pAtra lekara vaha muni thor3A dAna milane para usakI avahelanA na kare aura na dAtA kA tiraskAra kre|' . dhammapada evaM suttanipAta meM muni kI bhASA-samiti ke sambandha meM bhI ullekha hai| dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu vANI meM saMyata hai, mitabhASI hai tathA vinIta hai, vahI dharma aura artha ko prakAzita karatA hai, usakA bhASaNa madhura hotA hai| isa prakAra buddha ne cAhe samiti zabda kA prayoga na kiyA ho, phira bhI unhoMne paramparA ke samAna hI AvAgamana, bhASA, bhikSA evaM vastu ke AdAna-pradAna va malamUtra . visarjana Adi pravRttiyoM para vicAra kiyA hai| buddha ke ye hI vicAra unake jaina paramparA ke nikaTatama hone kI puSTi karate haiN| vaidika paramparA aura pA~ca samitiyA~ - vaidika paramparA meM bhI saMnyAsI ko gamanAgamana kI kriyAe~ kAphI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| . maharSi manu kA kathana hai ki - saMnyAsI ko binA jIvoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAe calanA caahie| jabaki mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM muni ko trasa aura sthAvara prANiyoM kI hiMsA ko bacAkara hI gamanAgamana kI kriyA karane kA ullekha hai| bhASAsamiti ke sandarbha meM bhI donoM paramparAoM meM vicArasAmya hai| isI taraha bhikSAvRtti ke sambandha meM bhI vaidika paramparA ke kucha niyama jaina-paramparA ke samAna hI haiN| jaise - bhikSAvRtti ke sambandha meM donoM jagaha pA~ca-pA~ca bheda mAne haiN| inakA vivaraNa dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ke pahale bhAga meM vistAra ke . sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai| jo nimna prakAra hai - ____ 1. mAdhukara - jisa prakAra madhumakkhI vibhinna puSpoM se unheM koI kaSTa die binA madhu ekatrita karatI hai| usI prakAra dAtA ko kaSTa die binA tIna, pA~ca yA sAta gharoM se jo bhikSA prApta kI jAtI hai vaha mAdhukara hai| 2. prAkpraNIta - zayanasthAna se uThane ke pUrva hI bhaktoM ke dvArA bhojana ke lie prArthanA kara dI jAtI hai aura usase jo bhojana prApta hotA hai, vaha prAkpaNIta hai| 3. ayAcita - bhikSATana karane ke lie uThane ke parva hI bhojana ke lie nimantrita kara denA ayAcita hai| 4. tAtkAlika - saMnyAsI ke pahu~cate hI jaba koI brAhmaNa bhojana karane kI sUcanA de vaha tAtkAlika hai aura 5. upapanna - maTha meM lAyA gayA pakA bhojana upapanna hai| ina pA~coM meM mAdhukara bhikSAvRtti ko hI zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| 1.suttanipAta, 37/32-5. 2. dhammapada, 363., suttanipAta, 26/11. 3. manusmRti, 6/40., dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 1 pR. 492. 4. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 109/15-9. 5. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. 492. 114

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nikSepaNa aura pratiSThApanA samiti ke sandarbha meM koI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki vaidika paramparA kA dRSTikoNa isa sambandha meM jaina paramparA kA virodhI nahIM hai| tIna guptiyA~ - pUrvokta mahAvratoM ke rakSaNa evaM unakI paripuSTi karane ke lie jaina paramparA meM pA~ca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM kA vidhAna hai| inheM aSTapravacana mAtA bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye ATha guNa zramaNa-jIvana kA saMrakSaNa usI prakAra karate haiM, jaise mAtA apane putra kA karatI hai| isIlie inheM mAtA kahA gayA hai| inameM tIna guptiyA~ zramaNa sAdhanA kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa prastuta karatI haiM aura pA~ca samitiyA~ vidheyaatmk| gupti zabda 'guplu rakSaNe' dhAtuse gopana artha meM niSpanna hotA hai| isake anya artha hote haiM khIMca lenA yA dUra kara lenA / gupti zabda kA dUsarA artha DhaMkane vAlA yA rakSAkavaca bhI hai| prathama artha ke anusAra mana, vacana aura kAya ko azubha pravRttiyoM se haTA lenA gupti hai aura dUsare artha ke anusAra AtmA kI azubha se rakSA krnaa| ye tIna guptiyA~ haiM - 1. manogupti, 2. vacanagupti aura 3. kaaygupti| manogupti - rAgadveSa se avalambita samasta saMkalpoM ko chor3akara jo muni apane mana ko svAdhIna kara samatAbhAvoM meM sthira rakhatA hai tathA siddhAnta-sUtra kI racanA meM nirantara preraNA karatA hai usa buddhimAn muni ke sampUrNa manogupti hotI hai| * vacanagupti - jo apane vacana vyApAra para niyantraNa rakhatA hai athavA jo saMjJA (saMketa) Adi kA parityAga karake mauna para ArUDha hotA hai, usako svIkAra karatA hai usa atizaya buddhimAn muni ke vacanagupti hotI hai| . kAyagupti - sthira kiyA hai zarIra jisane tathA parISaha A jAne para bhI apane AsanAdi meM sthira rahatA hai, usase vicalita nahIM hotA usa muni ke kAyagupti mAnI gaI hai| . uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM muni jIvana kI azubha pravRttiyoM se nivRtta hone ke lie ina tIna guptiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa sAdhaka ina tInoM guptiyoM ke dvArA apane ko azubha pravRttiyoM se dUra rakhe, yahI isakA tAtparya hai| . ratnatraya kA mahattva - __ AcArya zubhacandra ne ratnatraya kI mahattA ko sthApita karate hue likhA hai - isa tribhuvana ke pUjita samyakratnatraya ko dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva rUpa sAmagrI ke anusAra 1. jJAnArNava 18/19 2. vahI 18/4 3. vahIM 18/15 se 18 taka 4. uttarAdhyayana 24/1 115.

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aMgIkAra karake bhavya puruSa zIghra hI karmoM se chUTatA hai| nizcaya karake isa ratnatraya ko akhaMDita (paripUrNa) ArAdhana karake hI saMyamI muni Aja taka pUrvakAla meM mokSa gaye haiM, vartamAna meM jA rahe haiM tathA bhaviSya meM jaaeNge| aura isa ratnatraya ko prApta na hokara karor3oM janma dhAraNa karane para bhI koI mukti rUpI lakSmI ke mukharupI kamala ko sAkSAt nahIM dekha sktaa|' jaina paramparA ke lagabhaga pratyeka grantha meM ratnatraya ke mahattva ko prakhyApita kiyA gayA hai| unameM kyA AcArya kundakunda aura kyA AcArya yativRSabha, kyA AcArya vIrasena yA koI anya AcArya, sabhI ne samasvara se isakI mahimA prakaTa kI hai| jinake sandarbha bhI pade-pade upalabdha haiN| niyama - yaha yoga kA dUsarA aMga hai| yogasUtra meM santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara praNidhAna ko niyama kahA gayA hai| yama kA vidhAna jahA~ sArvakAlika aura sArvadezika hai| vahIM niyama kA vidhAna maryAdita aura dezakAla se sambaddha hai| samAdhisAra grantha meM zauca, ' tapa, santoSa, svAdhyAya, devasmaraNa yaha pA~ca prakAra kA niyama batAyA gayA hai| jJAnArNava meM parigraha vA AzA kI heyatA batalAte hue kaSAyoM ke chor3ane, rAga, dveSa, moha va indriyoM para vijaya prApta karane aura samatAbhAva dhAraNa karane ityAdi kA jo sthAna-sthAna para upadeza diyA gayA hai vaha saba niyama kA hI rUpa hai| rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAna ke antargata jo sakala paramAtmA, aSTaprAtihArya samanvita arahaMtadeva ke svarUpa ke cintavana (dhyAna) karane aura rUpAtIta dhyAna meM nikala paramAtmA - siddhoM ke niraMjana svarUpa ke dhyAna karane kA nirdeza hai usakI yogasUtra meM kathita IzvarapraNidhAna nAmaka niyama se tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| yadyapi paramAtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM jaina paramparA aura vaidika paramparA meM kiJcit bhinnatA ho sakatI hai| ___ jainadarzana kA dhyeya hai - AdhyAtmika anubhava / AdhyAtmika anubhava kA artha svatantra AtmA kA, Izvara meM mila jAnA nahIM, kintu apane svatantra vyaktitva kA anubhava karanA hai| jainadarzana kI dRSTi meM pratyeka AtmA kI svatantra sattA hai| pratyeka AtmA ananta zakti sampanna hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA sarvathA bhinna sattAtmaka tattva nahIM hai| azuddha dazA meM jo AtmA hotI hai vahI zuddha dazA meM paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| azuddha dazA meM AtmA ke jJAna aura zakti jo AvRtta hote haiM ve zuddha dazA meM pUrNa vikasita ho jAte haiN| jaina AcAra siddhAnta ke anusAra zrAvakoM ke bAraha vratoM meM bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata meM yama-niyama kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki jo parimita kAla ke 1. jJAnArNava 18/21, 23, 24 2. yogasUtra, 2/32. 3. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 87., upAsakAdhyayana, 761. 4. samAdhisAra 136. 116

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lie dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha niyama hai aura jo jIvana paryanta ke lie tyAga kiyA jAtA hai use.yama kahate haiN|' zrAvaka bhojana, vAhana Adi kA kucha samaya ke lie tyAga karatA hai usakA vaha niyama hai| isake atirikta niyama kI dUsarI paribhASA AcArya kundakunda deva ne DhI hai - 'niyamase jo karane yogya hai vaha niyama jainaDharzana kA ratnatraya hai| isa paribhASA ke anusAra yogasUtra meM mAnya zauca, saMtoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura IzvarapraNidhAna ina niyama ke bhedoM kA antarbhAva ratnatraya meM hI ho jAtA hai, isase aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya zabhacandra ne ratnatraya kA varNana kiyA kintu niyamoM kA alaga se ullekha nahIM kiyA ata: unako AcArya kundakunda deva dvArA svIkRta niyama kA lakSaNa mAnya hogA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| zauca, saMtoSa aura tapa ko cAritra meM garbhita karane para cAritra ke bheda pA~ca mahAvratoM meM se aparigrahatyAga mahAvrata evaM brahmacarya mahAvrata meM zauca aura saMtoSa niyamoM kA evaM tapa cAritra kA hI eka vizeSa bheda hai| jaise ki tapa ke do bheda haiM - antaraMga aura bhirNg| inameM bahiraMga ke anazana, Unodara, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, viviktazayyAsana, kAyakleza ye chaha bheda haiN| antaraMga tapa ke bhI prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsarga ye chaha hI bheda haiN| inameM cauthA svAdhyAya niyama samyagjJAna meM garbhita samajhanA caahie| IzvarapraNidhAna ko samyagdarzana meM garbhita kara sakate haiN| kyoMki sacce deva, guru, zAstra ke zraddhAna ko hI samyagdarzana kahate haiM jinake prati zraddhA hotI hai, unake prati bhakti, anurAga, smaraNa, manana, cintana hotA hI hai| isa taraha yogasUtra meM vivecita . niyamoM kA antarbhAva ratnatraya meM hI ho jAtA hai| ata: ratnatraya ko niyama ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA yuktisaMgata lagatA hai|' Avazyaka jaina AcAra darzana meM AcaraNa ke kucha aise sAmAnya niyama haiM, jinakA pAlana karanA gRhastha aura zramaNa, donoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| aise ve Avazyaka niyama chaha haiN| isalie inheM SaT Avazyaka ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| sAmAnya lakSaNa - jo kaSAya rAga-dveSa Adi ke vazIbhUta na ho vaha avaza hai, aura usa avaza kA jo AcaraNa hai vaha Avazyaka hai| athavA jo indriyoM ke vazya - AdhIna nahIM hotA usako avazya kahate haiN| aise saMyamI ke ahorAtrika - dina aura rAta meM karane yogya karmoM kA nAma hI Avazyaka hai| ataeva vyAdhi Adi se grasita ho jAne para bhI indriyoM ke vaza na par3akara jo dina aura rAta ke kAma muniyoM ko karane hI cAhie unhIM ko Avazyaka kahate haiN| 1. niyamaparimitakAlo yAvajjIvaM yamo dhriyte| - ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 87. 2. niyameNa ya jaM kajjaM tnnnniymNnnaanndNsnncrittN| - niyamasAra, gAthA 3. 3. mUlAcAra gAthA 515 ___4. anagAra dharmAmRta 8/16 117

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isa Avazyaka ko chaha bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai, jinake nAma nimnata: haiM - 1. sAmAyika, 2. caturvizatijinastava, 3. vandanA, 4. pratikramaNa, 5. kAyotsarga aura 6. prtyaakhyaan|' sAmAyika Avazyaka - sama Aya arthAt samatAbhAva kA AnA hI sAmAyika hai| arthAt dehadhAraNa aura prANaviyoga meM, icchita vastu kA lAbha-alAbha, iSTAniSTa ke saMyoga-viyoga, sukha-duHkha, bhUkha-pyAsa Adi bAdhAoM meM rAga-dveSarahita pariNAma honA sAmAyika hai| jo mana, vacana aura kAya kI pApapUrNa pravRttiyoM se haTAkara Atma svarUpa meM tallIna honA, use sAmAyika kahate haiN| __ jainadarzana meM samatva kI sAdhanA naitika jIvana kA anivArya tattva hai| vaha naitika . sAdhanA kA atha aura iti donoM haiN| samatva sAdhanA ke do pakSa haiM - bAhya rUpa meM vaha sAvadha (hiMsaka) pravRttiyoM kA tyAga aura Antarika rUpa meM vaha sabhI prANiyoM ke prati AtmabhAva tathA sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa, lAbha-alAbha, nindA-prazaMsA meM samabhAva rakhanA hai| . lekina donoM pakSoM se bhI Upara vaha vizuddha rUpa meM AtmaramaNa yA AtmasAkSAtkAra kA prayatna hai| sAmAyika koI rur3ha kriyA nahIM, vaha to samatva vRtti rUpa pAvana AtmagaMgA meM avagAhana hai| jJAnArNava meM AcArya zubhacandra ne samatvayoga (sAmyabhAva) kA varNana karate hue sAmyabhAvadhAraka yogI kI avasthA ko ina zabdoM meM spaSTa kiyA hai - jisa muni kA citta mahaloM ke zikhara meM aura smazAna meM tathA stuti aura nindA ke vidhAna meM kIcar3a aura kezara meM palyaMka-zayyA aura kA~ToM ke agrabhAga meM pASANa aura candrakAntamaNi meM carma aura cInadezIya rezama ke vastroM meM, aura kSINazarIra va sundara strI meM atulya zAntabhAva ke prabhAva se vikalpoM se sparzita na ho, vahI eka pravINa muni samabhAva kI lIlA ke vilAsa kA anubhava karatA hai arthAt vAstavika samabhAva aise muni ke hI jaannaa| jisa muni kI aisI vRtti ho ki koI to namIbhUta hokara pArijAta ke puSpoM se pUjA karatA hai aura koI manuSya kruddha hokara mArane kI icchA se gale meM sarpa kI mAlA pahanAtA hai, ina donoM meM hI jisakI sadA rAgadveSa rahita samabhAvarUpa vRtti ho, vahI yogIzvara samabhAva rUpI ArAma (krIr3Avana) meM praveza karatA hai aura aise samabhAva rUpa krIr3Avana meM hI kevalajJAna ke prakAza hone kA avakAza hai| jisa muni ke mana meM vana se nagara, zatru se mitra, loSTa se kAMcana (suvarNa), rassI va sarpa se puSpamAlA, pASANazilA se candramA samAna ujjvala 1. mUlAcAra gAthA, 1/22., yogasAra prAbhRta 5/46 2. mUlAcAragAthA, 23, yogasAraprAbhRta 5/47, uttarAdhyayana, 19/90-1, pravacanasAra, 3/41 3. jJAnArNava 24/29 118

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zayyA, ityAdi padArtha anta:karaNa kI kalpanA se kiJcinmAtra bhI utkRSTa nahIM dIkhate usa muni ko Arya - satpuruSa parama upazAntarUpa padavI ko prApta huA kahate haiN| vanAdika se nagarAdika meM kucha bhI uttamatA na mAneM vahI muni rAgadveSa rahita sAmyabhAvayukta hai|' sAmyabhAvadhAraka yogIzvaroM kA mAhAtmya - granthakAra ne sAmyabhAva ke mAhAtmya kA kathana karate hue likhA hai - jisa prakAra zarada Rtu meM agastya tArA ke saMsarga hone se jala nirmala ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra samatAyukta yogIzvaroM kI saMgati se jIvoM ke malina citta bhI prasanna arthAt nirmala ho jAte haiN| samabhAvayukta yogIzvaroM ke prabhAva se graha, yakSa, kinnara, manuSya ye kSobha ko prApta hote haiM aura nAkezvara arthAt indragaNa harSita hote haiM tathA hAthI daitya siMha aSTApada, sarpa ityAdi krUra prANI apanI krUratA ko chor3a dete haiM aura yaha jagatoga, baira, pratibandha, vibhrama, bhayAdika se rahita ho jAtA hai| isa pRthvI meM aisA kauna-sA kArya hai, jo yogIzvaroM ke samabhAvoM se sAdhya na ho arthAt samabhAvoM se sarvamanovAMchita sadhate haiN| jisa prakAra candramA jagata meM kiraNoM se jharatA haA saghana amRta varSAtA hai, sUrya tIvra kiraNoM ke samUha se andhakAra kA nAza karatA hai, pRthvI samasta bhuvanoM ko dhAraNa karatI hai tathA pavana isa samasta loka ko dhAraNa karatA hai, usI prakAra munIzvara bhI,sAmyabhAvoM se jIvoM ke samUha ko zAntabhAva rUpa karate haiN| kSINa ho gayA hai moha jisakA aura zAnta ho gayA hai kaluSa kaSAya rUpamaila jisakA aise samabhAvoM meM AruDha hae yogIzvara ko Azraya karake hariNI to siMha ke bAlaka ko apane putra kI buddhi se sparza karatI vA pyAra karatI hai aura gau he so vyAghra ke bacce ko putra kI buddhi se pyAra karatI hai, mArjArI haMsa ke bacce ko sneha kI dRSTi se vazIbhUta ho sparzatI hai tathA mayUranI sarpa ke bacce ko pyAra karatI hai, isI prakAra anya prANI bhI janma se jo baira hai usako chor3akara madarahita ho jAte haiN| yaha sAmyabhAva kA hI prabhAva hai| bauddhadarzana meM bhI yaha samatvavRtti svIkRta hai| dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai - saba pApoM ko nahIM karanA aura citta ko samatvavRtti meM sthApita karanA hI buddha kA upadeza hai| - gItA ke anusAra sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi, sukha-du:kha, lauha-kaMcana, priya-apriya aura nindA-stuti, mAna-apamAna, zatru-mitra meM samabhAva aura sAvadha (Arambha) kA parityAga hI naitika jIvana kA lakSaNa hai| zrIkRSNa arjuna ko yahI upadeza dete haiM ki he arjuna ! tU anukUla aura pratikUla sabhI sthitiyoM meM samabhAva dhAraNa kr| gRhastha sAdhaka sAmAyika vrata sImita samaya kama-se-kama 48 miniTa ke lie 1. jJAnArNava, 24/27-8. 2. jJAnArNava, 24/23-6. 3. dhammapada, 183. 4. mUlAcAra, gAthA, 26. 5. gItA 18/16. 119

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grahaNa karatA hai| Avazyaka kRtyoM meM isako sthAna dene kA prayojana yaha hai ki sAdhaka cAhe vaha gRhastha ho yA zramaNa, sadaiva yaha smRti banAe rakhe ki vaha samatva yoga kI sAdhanA ke lie sAdhanApatha meM prasthita huA hai| apane niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM sAmAyika sAvadha kAryoM arthAt pApakAryoM se virakti hai, to apane vidhAyaka rUpa meM vaha samatva bhAva kI sAdhanA hai| stava Avazyaka - RSabha Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma kA kathana aura guNoM kA kIrtana karake tathA unakI pUjA karake unako mana, vacana, kAya pUrvaka namaskAra karanA stava nAma kA dUsarA Avazyaka jAnanA caahie|' jaina darzana aura AcAra ke anusAra pratyeka sAdhaka kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha naitika evaM sAdhanAtmaka jIvana ke Adarza puruSa ke rUpa meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kreN| jaina sAdhanA meM stuti kA svarUpa bahuta kucha bhaktimArga kI japasAdhanA yA nAmasmaraNa se milatA hai| stuti athavA bhakti ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka apane ahaMkAra kA nAza aura sadguNoM . ke prati anurAga kI vRddhi karatA hai| phira bhI yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina-vicAradhArA ke anusAra sAdhanA ke Adarza ke rUpa meM jisakI stuti kI jAtI hai, una Adarza puruSoM se kisI prakAra kI laukika upalabdhi kI apekSA nahIM hotii| tIrthaMkara evaM siddha paramAtmA . kisI ko kucha nahIM dete, ve mAtra sAdhanA ke Adarza haiM, tIrthaMkara na to kisI ko buddhipUrvaka saMsAra se pAra karate haiM aura na kisI prakAra kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka hote haiN| phira bhI stuti ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka unake guNoM ke prati apanI zraddhA ko sajIva banA letA hai| sAdhaka ke sAmane unakA mahAn Adarza jIvanta rUpa meM upasthita ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka bhI apane hRdaya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke Adarza kA smaraNa karatA huA AtmA meM eka AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI bhAvanA prakaTa karatA hai / vaha vicAra karatA hai ki Atmatattva ke rUpa meM merI AtmA aura tIrthakaroM kI AtmA samAna hI hai| yadi maiM svayaM prayatna karU~ to unake samAna hI bana sakatA huuN| majhe apane puruSArtha se unake samAna banane kA prayatna karanA caahie| jaina tIrthaMkara gItA ke kRSNa ke samAna yaha udghoSaNA nahIM karate ki tuma merI bhakti karo, maiM tumheM saba pApoM se mukta kara duuNgaa| jaina aura bauddha mAnyatA to yaha hai ki vyakti apane hI prayatnoM se AdhyAtmika utthAna yA patana kara sakatA hai| svayaM pApa se mukta hone kA na prayatna karake kevala bhagavAn se mukti kI prArthanA karanA jaina-vicAraNA kI dRSTi se sarvathA nirarthaka hai| aisI vivekazUnya prArthanAoM ne mAnava jAti ko saba prakAra se hIna-dIna evaM parApekSI banAyA hai| jaba manuSya kisI aise uddhAraka meM vizvAsa karane lagatA hai, to usakI stuti se prasanna hokara use pApa se ubAra legaa| aisI AsthA se sadAcAra kI mAnyatAoM ko gaharA dhakkA lagatA hai| 1. AvazyakacUrNi (uddharaNa), zramaNasUtra, pR. 80. 2. jainadarzana aura bhagavadagItA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 120

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jaina vicAra kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki kevala tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karane se mokSa evaM samAdhi kI prApti nahIM hotI, jaba taka ki manuSya svayaM usake lie prayatna na kre| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ne bhI viSNupurANa evaM bAibila ke AdhAra para isa kathana kI puSTi kI hai|' viSNupurANa meM kahA hai ki jo loga apane kartavya ko chor3a baiThate haiM aura kevala 'kRSNakRSNa' kahakara bhagavAna kA nAma japate haiM, ve vastuta: bhagavAn ke zatru haiM aura pApI haiM kyoMki dharma kI rakSA ke lie to svayaM bhagavAn ne bhI janma liyA thaa| bAibila meM bhI kahA hai ki vaha hara koI, jo 'IsA-IsA' pukAratA hai, svarga ke rAjya meM praveza nahIM pAegA, apitu vaha pAegA, jo parama pitA kI icchA ke anusAra kAma karatA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki eka merA nAma-smaraNa karatA hai aura dUsarA merI AjJAoM kA pAlana karatA hai, usameM jo merI AjJAoM ke anusAra AcaraNa karatA hai, vahI yathArthata: merI upAsanA karatA hai| buddha bhI kahate haiM ki jo dharma ko dekhatA hai, vahI mujhe dekhatA hai|' phira bhI hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA lakSya AtmasvarUpa kA bodha yA sAkSAtkAra hai, apane meM nihita paramAtmazakti ko abhivyakta karanA hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki samyagjJAna aura AcaraNa se yukta ho nirvANAbhimukha honA hI gRhastha aura zramaNa kI vAstavika bhakti hai| mukti ko prApta puruSoM ke guNoM kA kIrtana karanA vyAvahArika bhakti hai| vAstavika bhakti to AtmA ko mokSapatha meM yojita karanA hai, jo rAga-dveSa evaM sarvavikalpoM kA parihAra karake vizuddha Atmatattva se yojita honA hai, yahI vAstavika bhakti-yoga hai| RSabha Adi sabhI tIrthaMkara isI bhakti ke dvArA paramapada ko prApta hue haiN| - jainadarzana meM bhakti ke sacce svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue upAdhyAya devacandra likhate haiM - jisa prakAra aja-kula meM pAlita siMha zAvaka vAstavika siMha ke darzana se apane prasupta siMhatva ko prakaTa kara letA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka tIrthaMkaroM ke guNakIrtana yA stavana ke dvArA nija meM jinatva kI zodha kara letA hai, svayaM meM nihita paramAtmazakti ko prakaTa kara letA hai| lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki jainasAdhanA meM bhagavAn kI stuti nirarthaka hai| jaina sAdhanA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki bhagavAn kI stuti prasupta antazcetanA ko jAgrata karatI hai aura hamAre sAmane sAdhanA ke Adarza kA eka jIvanta citra upasthita karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha usa Adarza kI prApti ke lie preraNA bhI banatI hai| jaina 1. bhagavadgItA, (DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan), pR. 71., bAibila, jona 2/9-11. 2. itivRttaka 3/43. 3. dhammapada 108 4. AvazyakavRtti, pR. 661-2. 5. uttarAdhyayana ajitajinastavana 121

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vicArakoM ne yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn kI stuti ke mAdhyama se manuSya apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara sakatA hai| yadyapi prayatna vyakti kA hI hotA hai. tathApi sAdhanA ke Adarza una mahApuruSoM kA jIvana usakI preraNA kA nimitta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA hai ki stavana se vyakti kI darzanavizuddhi hotI hai| yaha bhI kahA hai ki bhagavadbhakti ke phalasvarUpa pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| yadyapi isakA kAraNa paramAtmA kI kRpA nahIM, varan vyakti ke dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi hI hai|' AcArya kundakunda deva bhagavAn kI stuti karate hue kahate haiM - jo utkRSTa bhakti sambandhI rAga se jinendra deva ke caraNa kamaloM ko namaskAra karate haiM ve uttama bhAva rUpI zastra ke dvArA saMsAra rUpI latA ke mUla ko ukhAr3a dete haiN| jJAnArNava meM AcArya zubhacandra ne zAntinAtha tIrthaMkara ko namaskAra karanA, vizvavighnoM kI zAnti karane vAlA batAyA hai|' jaina vicAra meM stuti ke do rUpa mAne gae haiM - dravya aura bhaav| sAttvika vastuoM dvArA tIrthaMkara kI pratimA kI pUjA karanA dravyastava hai aura bhagavAn ke guNoM kA smaraNa karanA bhAvastava hai| dravyastava ke pIche mUlata: yahI bhAvanA hotI hai ki usake mAdhyama se manuSya mamatva kA tyAga kre| vastuoM sambandhI mamatva kA tyAga kara denA hI dravyastava kA prayojana hai| dravyastava kevala gRhastha upAsakoM ke lie hai| kyoMki sAdhu ko na to mamatva hotA hai aura na usake pAsa koI saMgraha, ata: usake lie bhAvastava hI mukhya mAnA jAtA hai| vastuta: stavana kA mUlya Adarza ko upalabdha karane vAle mahApuruSoM kI jIvanagAthA ke smaraNa ke dvArA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM preraNA prApta karanA hai| AcArya samantabhadra kahate haiM - he nAtha, Apa to vItarAga haiM, Apako apanI pUjA se koI prayojana nahIM hai| Apa na pUjA karane vAloM se khuza hote haiM aura na nindA karane vAloM se nArAja, kyoMki Apane to baira kA pUrI taraha vamana kara diyA hai| taba yaha nizcita hai ki Apake pavitra guNoM kA smaraNa hamAre citta ko pApa rUpa kalaMkoM se haTAkara pavitra banA detA hai| yogasUtra meM likhA hai ki IzvarapraNidhAna meM r3hapratiSThita hone se samAdhi kI siddhi hotI hai| isa stava nAmaka Avazyaka meM yoga prarUpita IzvarapraNidhAna nAmaka niyama se stava nAmaka Avazyaka kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| vandanA Avazyaka - zrImad vadRkerAcArya ne mUlAcAra meM vandanA Avazyaka kA svarUpa ina zabdoM meM likhA hai - 'arhanta, siddha aura unakI pratimA tapa meM, zruta yA guNoM meM 1. uttarAdhyayana, ajitajinastavana. 2. bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA 151. 3. jJAnArNava 114 4. svayaMbhU stotra padya 57 5. yoga sUtra 2/45 122

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bar3e guru kA aura svaguru kA kRtikarmapUrvaka athavA binA kRtikarma ke mana, vacana, kAya kI vizuddhi dvArA vidhipUrvaka praNAma karanA vandanA hai|'' sAdhanA ke Adarza rUpa meM tIrthakara deva kI upAsanA ke pazcAt sAdhanAmArga ke patha-pradarzaka guru kI vinaya karanA vandana hai| vandana, mana, vacana aura kAyA kA vaha prazasta vyApAra hai jisase patha-pradarzaka guru evaM viziSTa sAdhanArata sAdhakoM ke prati zraddhA aura Adara prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| isameM una vyaktiyoM ko praNAma kiyA jAtA hai jo sAdhanApatha para apekSAkRta Age bar3he hue haiN| jaina vicAradhArA ke anusAra jo cAritra evaM guNoM se sampanna haiM, ve hI vandanIya haiN| dravya (bAhya) aura bhAva (antaraMga) donoM dRSTiyoM se zuddha saMyamI puruSa hI vandanIya hotA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne yaha nirdeza kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra vahI sikkA grAhya hotA hai jisakI dhAtu bhI zuddha ho aura mudrAMkana bhI ThIka ho, usI prakAra dravya aura bhAva donoM dRSTiyoM se zuddha vyakti hI vandana kA adhikArI hotA hai| vandana karane vAlA vyakti vinaya ke dvArA lokapriyatA prApta karatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra vandana ke phalasvarUpa gurujanoM ke satsaMga kA lAbha hotA hai| satsaMga se zAstrazravaNa, zAstrazravaNa se jJAna, jJAna se vijJAna phira kramaza: pratyAkhyAna, saMyama, anAsrava, tapa, karmanAza, akriyA evaM anta meM siddhi kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| vandana kA mUla uddezya hai jIvana meM vinaya ko sthAna denaa| AcArya kundakunda ne vinaya kI mahattA prakaTa karate hue likhA hai ki - vinaya mokSa kA dAra hai| vinaya se saMyama, tapa aura jJAna hotA hai| vinaya ke dvArA AcArya aura sarvasaMgha ArAdhita hotA hai| kIrti, maitrI, mAna kA bhaMjana, gurujanoM meM bahumAna, tIrthaMkaroM kI AjJA kA pAlana aura guNoM kA anumodana, ye saba vinaya ke guNa haiN|' ' zramaNa sAdhakoM meM dIkSA paryAya ke AdhAra para vandana kiyA jAtA hai| sabhI pUrva dIkSita sAdhaka vandanIya hote haiN| jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparAoM meM zramaNa jIvana kI variSThatA aura kaniSThatA hI vandana kA mUla AdhAra hai| yadyapi donoM paramparAoM meM dIkSA kI dRSTi se variSTha zramaNoM ko bhI kaniSTha yA navadIkSita zramaNa ko prativandanA karane kA vidhAna hai| gRhastha sAdhakoM ke lie sabhI zramaNa-zramaNI tathA Ayu meM vRddha gRhastha yathAyogya vandanIya haiN| vandanA ke sambandha meM buddha kA kathana hai ki puNya kI abhilASA karatA huA 1. mUlAcAra, gAthA, 25. . 2. Avazyakaniryukta, 1138 3. uttarAdhyayana, 29/10. 4. bhagavatIsUtra, 2/5/112. 5. mUlAcAra, gAthA 386, 388. 123

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vyakti varSa bhara jo kucha yajJa va havana Adi karatA hai usakA phala puNyAtmAoM ke abhivAdana ke phala kA cauthA bhAga bhI nahIM hotaa| ata: sarala vRtti mahAtmAoM kA abhivAdana karamA hI adhika zreyaskara hai|' manusmRti meM bhI kahA hai ki - abhivAdanazIla aura vRddhoM kI sevA karane vAle vyakti kI Ayu, vidyA, yaza aura bala ye cAroM bAteM sadaiva bar3hatI rahatI haiN| gItA meM bhI vandanA ko sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA hai tabhI to gItA ke anta meM 'mAm namaskuru' . kahakara vandanA kA nirdeza kiyA hai|' isI taraha bhAgavatapurANa meM navadhAbhakti meM vandana bhI bhakti kA eka prakAra hai| vandanA karate samaya svArtha-bhAva, AkAMkSA, bhaya aura anAdara kA bhAva honA tathA yogya sammAnasUcaka vacanoM kA samyak prakArase uccAraNa nahIM karanA tathA zArIrika rUpa se sammAna vidhi kA paripAlana nahIM karanA Adi vandanA ke doSa haiN| uparyukta doSoM se rahita vandanA ke nirdiSTa avasaroM para vandanA karanA yaha sAdhaka kA Avazyaka karttavyaM hai| jJAnArNava meM isakA vivaraNa vRddhasevA kI prazaMsA prakaraNa meM upalabdha hotA hai| . pratikramaNa Avazyaka - nindA aura gardA pUrvaka mana, vacana, kAya ke dvArA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke viSaya meM kiye gae aparAdhoM kA zodhana karanA pratikramaNa hai|' mana, vacana aura kAya se jo azubha AcaraNa ho jAtA hai athavA dUsaroM ke dvArA karAyA jAtA hai aura dUsare logoM ke dvArA Acarita pApAcaraNa kA jo anumodana kiyA jAtA hai, una sabakI nivRtti ke lie kRtapApoM kI AlocanA karanA pratikramaNa hai| vyakti ko apanI jIvana yAtrA meM kaSAyavaza pada-pada para antaraMga, bAhya doSa lagA karate haiM, jinakA zodhana eka zreyomArgI ke lie Avazyaka hai| bhUtakAla meM jo doSa lage haiM unake zodhanArtha prAyazcitta yA pazcAttApa va guru ke samakSa apanI nindA, gardA karanA pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai| niyamasAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne pratikramaNa kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki - 'anAcAra ko chor3akara AcAra meM, unmArga tyAga karake jinamArga meM zalya bhAva ko chor3akara ni:zalya bhAva meM, agupti bhAva ko chor3akara trigupti bhAva meM, Arta-raudradhyAna ko chor3akara dharmadhyAna vA zukladhyAna meM, mithyAdarzana ko chor3akara samyagdarzana kI bhAvanA karatA hai vaha pratikramaNa hai|' 1. dhammapada, 108. 3. gItA, 18/65. 5. mUlAcAra, gAthA, 26. 2. manusmRti, 2/121. 4. bhAgavatapurANa, 7/5/23. 6. niyamasAra, gAthA, 184. . 124

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AcArya haribhadra ne pratikramaNa ke tIna bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. pramAdavaza - svasthAna se parasthAna meM gaye hue sAdhaka kA puna: svasthAna meM lauTa AnA yaha pratikramaNa hai| 2. kSAyopazamika bhAva se audayika bhAva meM pariNata huA sAdhaka jaba puna: audayikabhAva se kSAyopazamika bhAva meM lauTa AtA hai to yaha bhI pratikUla gamana ke kAraNa pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai| 3. azubha AcaraNa se nivRtta hokara mokSa phaladAyaka rUpa zubha AcaraNa meM ni:zalya bhAva se pravRtta honA pratikramaNa hai|' pratikramaNa ke anya taraha se bhI bheda milate haiM, jo ki nimna haiM - 1. sarvAticAra - dIkSA grahaNa se lekara tapazcaraNa ke kAla taka jo doSa lage hoM unakI zuddhi krnaa| 2. trividha - jala ke binA tIna prakAra kA AhAra kA tyAga karane meM jo aticAra . lage hoM unakA zodhana krnaa| 3. uttamArtha - jIvana paryanta jala pIne kA tyAga kiyA thA usake doSoM kI zuddhi krnaa| kAla sApekSa hone vAle pratikramaNa ke nimna bhedoM kA pracalana hI aba sarvatra upalabdha hotA hai - 1. daivasika, 2. rAtrika, 3. aiApathika, 4. pAkSika, 5. cAturmAsika, 6. . sAMvatsarika aura 7. uttamArtha / isa prakAra pratikramaNa ke sAta prakAra bhI hote haiN| pratikramaNa aura bauddhaparamparA - tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pratikramaNa kI paramparA nyUnAdhika rUpa meM sabhI paramparAoM meM rahI hai| bauddhadharma meM pratikramaNa ke sthAna para, pratikarma, pravAraNA aura pApa dezanA nAma milate haiN| buddha kI dRSTi meM pApadezanA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ve kahate haiM - khulA huA pApa nahIM rahatA arthAt pApAcaraNa kI AlocanA karane para vyakti pApa ke bhAra se halkA ho jAtA hai| bauddha AcAra evaM darzana meM prAvaraNA ke nAma se pAkSika pratikramaNa paramparA svIkAra kI gaI hai| bodhicaryAvatAra meM to AcArya zAntideva ne pApadezanA ke rUpa meM dina aura rAtri meM tIna bAra pratikramaNa kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM - tIna bAra rAta meM aura tIna bAra dina meM triskandha kI AvRtti karanA caahie| isase anajAna meM huI vipattiyoM kA zamana ho jAtA hai| pratikramaNa aura vaidika tathA anya paramparAe~ - vaidika paramparA meM saMdhyA 1. AvazyakaTIkA (uddharaNa) zramaNasUtra, pR. 84. 2. mUlAcAra, gAthA 120,613, 3. bodhicaryAvatAra, 5/98. 4. vahI, pR. 193-4. 125

Page #157
kRtya meM jisa yajurveda ke mantra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha bhI jaina pratikramaNa vidhi kA eka saMkSipta rupa hI hai| saMdhyA ke saMkalpa vAkya meM hI sAdhaka yaha saMkalpa karatA hai ki maiM Acarita pApoM ke kSaya karane ke lie paramezvara ke prati isa upAsanA ko sampanna karatA huuN| yajurveda ke usa mantra kA mUla Azaya bhI yahI hai ki - mere mana, vANI, zarIra se jo bhI . durAcaraNa huA ho usakA maiM visarjana karatA huuN| pArasI dharma meM bhI pApa AlocanA kI praNAlI svIkAra kI gaI hai| khoradeha avasthA meM kahA gayA hai - maiMne mana se bure vicAra kie, vANI se tuccha bhASaNa kiyA aura zarIra se niMdya kArya kiyA ityAdi prakAra se jo gunAha kie una sabake lie pazcAttApa karatA huuN| . abhimAna, garva se logoM kI nindA karanA, svacchandatA, Alasya, kAnAphUsI, pavitratA bhaMga, jhUThI gavAhI, corI, lUTa-khasoTa, vyabhicAra, behada zauka karanA ityAdi jo gunAha mujhase jAne-anajAne hue hoM aura jo gunAha sApha dila se maiMne prakaTa na kie hoM, una sabase maiM pavitra hokara alaga hotA huuN| IsAI dharma meM bhI pApadezanA Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai|'.. kAyotsarga Avazyaka - kAyotsarga zabda kA zAbdika artha hai zarIra kA utsarga krnaa| lekina jIvana rahate hue zarIra kA tyAga sambhava nhiiN| yahA~ zarIratyAga kA artha hai zArIrika caMcalatA evaM dehAsakti kA tyaag| kisI sImita samaya ke lie zarIra para hone vAle mamatva kA tyAga kara zArIrika kriyAoM kI caMcalatA ko samApta karane kA prayAsa karanA hI kAyotsarga hai| jaina sAdhanA meM kAyotsarga kA mahattva bahuta adhika hai| pratyeka anuSThAna ke pUrva kAyotsarga karane kI paramparA hai| vastuta: dehAdhyAsa ko samApta karane ke lie kAyotsarga Avazyaka hai| kAyotsarga zarIra ke prati mamatva bhAva ko kama karatA hai| pratidina jo . kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai vaha ceSTA kAyotsarga hai arthAt usameM eka nizcita samaya ke lie samagra zArIrika ceSTAoM kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai evaM usa samaya zarIra para hone vAlI kriyAoM ko upasarga ke samAna samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra meM zuddha kAyotsarga ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai - 'cAhe koI bhaktibhAva se candana lagAe, cAhe koI deSavaza vasUle se chIle, cAhe jIvana rahe, cAhe usI kSaNa mRtyu A jAe, parantu jo sAdhaka deha meM Asakti nahIM rakhatA hai, ukta sabhI prakAra kI paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, vastuta: usI ke kAyotsarga hotA hai| ..... devasika, rAtrika Adi niyama kriyAoM meM Agama meM kathita pramANa kedArA jinendra 1. darzana aura cintana, bhAga 2, pR. 193. 2. mUlAcAra, gAthA, 23. 126

Page #158
ke guNoM ke cintana se sahita hote hue zarIra se mamatva kA tyAga karanA kAyotsarga nAma kA Avazyaka hai|' jisa muni kA zarIra jalla aura mala se lipta ho, jo dussaha roga ke ho jAne para bhI usakA ilAja nahIM karatA ho, mukha dhonA Adi zarIra ke saMskAra se udAsIna ho aura bhojana-zayyA Adi kI apekSA nahIM karatA ho tathA apane svarUpa ke cintana meM hI lIna rahatA ho, durjana aura sajjana meM madhyastha ho aura zarIra se bhI mamatva na karatA ho usa muni ke kAyotsarga nAma kA tapa hotA hai| yogya Asana - kAyotsarga khaDagAsana, padmAsana athavA leTakara kiyA jA sakatA hai| mUlAcAra Adi granthoM meM kAyotsarga ke battIsa doSa batalAe haiN| ata: zaktyanusAra ina doSoM ko TAlakara kAyotsarga karane kA vidhAna hai| una doSoM ke nAma nimnata: haiM - ghoTaka, latA, stambha, kuDya, mAlA, zabaravadhU, nigaDa, lambottara, stanadRSTi, vAyasa, khalIna, yuga, kapittha, zira:prakaMpita, mUkatva, aMguli, bhUvikAra, vAruNIpAyI, dizAvalokana, grIvonnamana, praNamana, niSThIvana aura aNgmrssnn| kAyotsarga kA phala - kAyotsarga kA paramparayA phala to mokSa hI hai| kintu isakA sAkSAt phala hotA hai citta kI ekAgratA evaM karmoM kI nirjarA / jaisA ki AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra meM prarUpita kiyA hai - 'IryApatha ke aticAra ko sodhane ke lie mokSamArga meM sthita zarIra meM mamatva ko chor3ane vAle muni duHkha ke nAza karane ke lie kAyotsarga karate haiN| kAyotsarga karane para jaise aMgopAMgoM kI saMdhiyA~ bhida jAtI haiM usI prakAra isase karmarUpI dhUli bhI alaga ho jAtI hai| kAyotsarga aura gItA - gItA meM kAyotsarga kI vidhi dhyAna-yoga ke sandarbha meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki - 'zuddhabhUmi meM kuzAdi yA vastra ke Asana ko, jo na ati U~cA ho na ati nIcA ho, sthira karake kAyA, zira aura grIvA ko samAna aura acala dhAraNa kara dRr3ha hokara apane nAsikA ke agra bhAga ko dekhakara anya dizAoM ko na dekhatA huA aura brahmacarya ke vrata meM sthira rahatA huA bhayarahita yathAyogya acchI prakAra zAnta anta:karaNa vAlA aura sAvadhAna hokara, mana ko vaza meM karake mere meM lage hue cittavAlA aura mere meM parAyaNa huA sthita hove|' pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka - icchAoM ke nirodha ke lie pratyAkhyAna eka Avazyaka kartavya hai / pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai pravRtti ko maryAdita athavA sImita karanA / saMyamapUrNa jIvana ke lie tyAga Avazyaka hai, isa rUpa meM pratyAkhyAna kA artha 1. mUlAcAra gAMthA 28. 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA, 467. 3. mUlAcAra gAthA 662, 666. mUlAcAra, gAthA, 670, 673. 4. mUlAcAragAthA 668 5. gItA, 6/11, 13-4. 6. yogazAstra, svopajJavRtti, pR. 104. 127

Page #159
tyAga bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| nitya karmoM meM pratyAkhyAna kA samAveza isalie kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka Atmazuddhi ke lie pratidina yathAzakti kisI-na-kisI prakAra kA tyAga karatA hai| niyamita tyAga karane se abhyAsa hotA hai, sAdhanA paripuSTa hotI hai aura jIvana meM anAsakti kA vikAsa va tRSNA kI maMdatA hotI hai| dainika pratyAkhyAna meM sAmAnyatayA usa divasa vizeSa ke lie kucha pratijJAe~ grahaNa kI jAtI haiN| jaise sUrya udaya ke pazcAt eka prahara athavA do prahara Adi taka kucha nahIM khAnA yA sampUrNa divasa ke lie AhAra kA parityAga karanA athavA kevala nIrasa yA rukhA bhojana karanA aadi| mUlAcAra meM vaTTakera AcArya ne pratyAkhyAna kA lakSaNa isa prakAra nirdiSTa kiyA hai - nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina chahoM meM zubha mana, vacana va kAya se AgAmI kAla ke lie ayogya kA tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna hai|' jo mahApuruSa samasta karmajanita vAsanAoM se rahita AtmA ko dekhane vAle haiM, unake jo pApoM ke Ane meM kAraNabhUta bhAvoM kA tyAga hai; use hI pratyAkhyAna kahate haiN| tyAga prArambha karate samaya. pratyAkhyAna kI pratiSThApanA aura avadhipUrNa hone para usakI niSThApanA kI jAtI hai| vItarAga bhAva sApekSa kiyA gayA pratyAkhyAna hI vAstavika hai| pratyAkhyAna aura gItA - gItA meM pratyAkhyAna ke sthAna para tyAga ke sambandha meM vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| vahA~ tIna prakAra kA tyAga batalAyA gayA hai - 1. sAttvika, 2. rAjasika aura 3. taamsik| 1. zAstravidhi se niyama kiyA huA karttavya - karma karate hue usameM Asakti aura phala kA tyAga kara denA sAttvika tyAga hai| . 2. sabhI karma duHkha rUpa haiM, aisA samajhakara zArIrika kleza ke bhaya se karmoM kA tyAga karanA rAjasa tyAga hai| 3. tAmasika niyatakarma kA tyAga karanA yogya nahIM hai, isalie moha se usakA tyAga karanA tAmasa tyAga hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina AcAra evaM gItA ke AcAra darzana meM SaT AvazyakoM kA vivecana prakArAntara se mila hI jAtA hai| yaha bhinna bAta hotI hai ki unameM kvicit-kadAcit nAmAdika kA bheda hotA hai yA kiJcit svarUpa kA bhI bheda dikhAI detA hai| kintu niSkarSata: donoM ke abhiprAyoM meM adbhuta sAdRza dikhAI detA hai| Asana - sthiratApUrvaka sukhAvaha upavezana hI Asana hai| 'Asyate Asane vA anena iti 1. mUlAcAra, gAthA 27. 2. yogasAra (amitagati AcArya), 5/51. 3. gItA, 18/4, 7-9. 4.yogasUtra, 2/46. 128

Page #160
Asanam' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra jisake dvArA sthiratA evaM sukha prApta ho vahI Asana hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne Asana nirdeza ke pUrva Asana yogya sthAna kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai - 'siddhakSetra, jahA~ ki bar3e-bar3e prasiddha puruSa dhyAna kara siddha hue ho tathA purANapuruSa arthAt tIrthaMkarAdikoM ne jisakA Azraya kiyA ho, aise mahAtIrtha, jo tIrthaMkaroM ke kalyANaka sthAna hoM aise sthAnoM meM dhyAna kI siddhi hotI hai|'' saMyamI muni ko saMsAra kI pIr3A ko zAnta karane ke lie Age likhe sthAnoM meM nirantara sAvadhAna hokara rahanA cAhie - samudra ke kinAre para, vana meM, parvata ke zikhara para, nadI ke kinAre, kamalavana meM, prAkAra meM, zAlavRkSoM ke samUha meM, nadiyoM kA jahA~ saMgama huA ho, jala ke madhyaM jo dIpa ho usameM, prazasta vRkSa ke koTara meM, purAne vana meM, zmazAna meM, siddhakUTa tathA kRtrima-akRtrima caityAlayoM meM jahA~ ki mahARddhi ke dhAraka, mahAdhIra, vIra, yogIzvaraM siddhi kI vA~chA karate haiM, mana ko prIti dene vAle ramaNIya sarva upadravarahita sthAna meM, parvata kI jIvarahita guphA meM, zUnya ghara tathA sUne grAma meM, pRthvI ke nIce-U~ce pradeza meM, kadalIgRha meM, nagara ke upavana kI vedI ke anta meM, vedI ke maMDapa meM, caityavRkSa ke samIpa, mUsalAdhAra varSA, Atapa, hima, zItAdi tathA pracaNDa pavanAdi se varjita sthAna meM nirantara Asana lagAkara dhyAna kre| jisa sthAna meM rAgAdi doSa nirantara laghutA ko prApta hoM usI sthAna meM muni ko basanA cAhie tathA dhyAna ke kAla meM to avazya hI yogya sthAna ko grahaNa karanA caahie| Asana kA vidhAna karate hue likhA hai ki - dhIra vIra puruSa ko dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie lakar3I ke paTie yA zilApaTTa para pRthvI ke Upara bAlumaya jamIna ke Upara atizaya dRr3ha Asana grahaNa karanA caahie| paryakAsana, arddhaparyaMkAsana, vajrAsana, vIrAsana, sukhAsana, kamalAsana aura kAyotsarga ye dhyAna ke lie yogya Asana mAne gae haiN| jisa-jisa Asana se sukha rUpa upaviSTa muni apane mana ko nizcala kara sake vahI sundara Asana muniyoM ko svIkAra karanA caahie| jisa Asana se dhyAna karate samaya sAdhaka kA mana khinna na ho, vahI upAdeya hai| kintu kAladoSa ke kAraNa sAmarthyahInatA se padmAsana yA kAyotsarga ye hI Asana pramukha haiM athavA jisa Asana se baiThakara sAdhaka apane mana ko nizcala kara sake, vahI Asana usake lie prazasta hai| - AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra parAkramazIla sthira tathA sazakta vyaktitva hI dhyAna 1. jJAnArNava, 28/1-7. 2. jJAnArNava, 28/8. . 3. vahI, 28/9-12. 129

Page #161
siddhi meM vizeSa rUpa se sahAyaka hotA hai| ataeva unhoMne likhA hai - pUrvakAla meM vajrakAya, vajravRSabhasaMhanana yukta zarIradhArI, mahAparAkramI, avicalita manasvI sthira Asana meM avasthita hote hue sabhI avasthAoM meM rata rahakara ziva ko arthAt parama kalyANa ko prApta hue haiN| dhyAna kI siddhi meM Asana kI AvazyakatA aura upayogitA ke sambandha meM AcArya zubhacandra ne likhA hai - 'sthAna, Asana aura vidhi ye tInoM milakara dhyAna kI siddhi meM nibandhana - kAraNa haiN| inameM se yadi eka bhI na ho to sAdhaka kA mana vikSeparahita, acaMcala yA sthira nahIM ho sktaa|'' ve Age kahate haiM ki - jinako Asana samyak rUpase siddha hai unakA mana samAdhi evaM dhyAna prakriyA meM jarA bhI khinna nahIM banatA hai| jinake Asana siddha nahIM hotA unheM zArIrika sthiratA prApta nahIM hotI zarIra kI vikalatA - asthiratA ke kAraNa dhyAnamUlaka prayatna kheda kA rUpa le letA hai arthAt sukhapUrvaka dhyAna sadha nahIM paataa| dhyAnayogya dizA - jo dhyAtA prasannamukha ho dhyAna ke samaya pUrvadizA yA uttara dizA ke abhimukha hotA hai vaha prazaMsA kA bhAjana hotA hai| arthAt dhyAna ke samaya pUrva athavA uttara dizA meM mukha karanA yogya hai| Asana vidhi - Asana apanI suvidhAnusAra koI bhI apanAyA jAya, sabhI AsanoM meM merudaNDa ko sIdhA rakhanA cAhie, jisase vakSa, grIvA evaM zira unnata evaM sama avasthA meM rheN| isa prakaraNa ke sandarbha para gItA meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki - "samaM kAyazirogrIvaM dhArayannacalaM sthir:|''3 abhISTa, ramaNIya evaM mana ke prasanna karane vAle sthAna ko pA karake harSa se romAMca ko prApta huA yogI paryaMka Asana se adhiSThita hotA hai| isa Asana meM yogI caMcalatA se rahita aura khule hue donoM hAthoM rupa kalikAoM ko paryaMka bhAga ke madhya meM sthita karake vikasita kamala ke AkAra meM karatA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki donoM jaMghAoM ke nIce ke bhAga ko donoM pA~voM ke Upara rakhakara donoM khulI huI hatheliyoM meM se bAI hathelI ko nAbhi ke pAsa nIce aura usake Upara dAhinI hathelI ke rakhane para paryaMka Asana hotA hai| isa Asana meM yogI atizaya sthira, prasanna, zAnta,spandanarahita aura putaliyoM kI mandatAyukta donoM netroM ko nAsikA ke agrabhAga meM rakhatA hai| isake sAtha hI apane mukha ko sote hue 1. jJAnArNava, 26/13, 20. 2. vahI, 28/23 3. gItA, 6/12. 130

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matsya se saMyukta tAlAba ke samAna bhRkuTi rUpa beloM ke vikAra se rahita aura adharoSTha rUpa navIna patroM ke sundara saMyoga se sahita karatA hai|' Asana kI upayogitA - yaugika kriyAoM kI niSpannatA athavA citta-sthiratA ke lie AsanoM kA mahattva hai, kyoMki Asana meM zarIra tathA mana anya ceSTAoM se rahita hokara kisI eka dazA meM kendrita ho jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki AsanoM ke dvArA saMkalpazakti ko vikasita karake vAMchita pariNAma prApta kiye jAte haiN| ata: Asana, mana tathA zarIra donoM ko kAbU meM karake AtmA ko zaktizAlI banAne kA sAdhana hai aura yahI mana evaM zarIra para adhikAra prApta karanA yoga kA AdhAra hai| prANAyAma - Asanasiddhi ke pazcAt zvAsa evaM prazvAsa kI naisargika gati kA niyamana prANAyAma kahalAtA hai| bAhya vAyu kA nAsikArandhra dvArA andara praviSTa karanA zvAsa kahalAtA hai| koSThastha vAyu kA nAsikA se bAhara niSkAsana prazvAsa kahalAtA hai| ina zvAsa evaM prazvAsoM kI svAbhAvika gati kA recaka, pUraka tathA kumbhaka dvArA vicchinna karanA prANa kA AyAma arthAt niyantraNa prANAyAma kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra prANavAyu ko dIrgha, vizAla aura lambA banAne kI sAdhanA prANAyAma kI sAdhanA hai| pUraka prANAyAma meM zvAsa kA viccheda nahIM, apitu sadbhAva hI hotA hai| isI bhA~ti recaka meM prazvAsa kA sadbhAva hotA hai| kevala kumbhaka meM zvAsa evaM prazvAsoM kI aniyamita gati kA viccheda hone ke kAraNa, pratyeka prANAyAma meM unakA gati vicchedagrAhya hai| Asanajaya hone se zArIrika sthairya evaM mAnasika zUnyavat bhAvanA yA anya kisI samApanna bhAva kI anubhUti saMbhava hone ke kAraNa tatpUrvaka prANAyAma kA abhyAsa hotA hai| ataeva Asanajaya ke sAtha IzvarabhAva, AdhyAtmika marmasthAna meM jyotirmaya bhAvAdi kA abhyAsa karanA apekSita hai| usase ekAgratA hotI hai aura tabhI prANAyAma samAdhi meM sahAyaka hotA hai| . prANAyAma ke bheda batAte hue maharSi paMtajali ne kahA hai ki vaha prANAyAma bAhyavRtti, AbhyantaravRtti aura stambhavRtti rUpa hotA hai| phira deza, kAla tathA saMkhyA dArA paridRSTa hokara dIrgha aura sUkSma hotA hai| gItA meM bhI inhIM bhedoM ko darzAyA gayA hai| manuSya nAka aura mukha se jo sA~sa letA hai, vaha sA~sa prANavAyu kA hI abhivyakta rUpa hai| isalie yadi sthUla abhivyakta vAyu para niyantraNa dvArA prANavAyu ke niyaMtraNa kI yaha kriyA hI prANAyAma ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| 1. jJAnArNava, 26/34, 36. 2. yogamanovijJAna, pR. 190. 3. yogasUtra, 2/49. 4. yogasUtra 2/50. . 5. gItA, 4/29. . 131

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prANa vAyu pA~ca prakAra mAnI gaI hai - prANa, apAna, vyAna, udAna aura smaan| kintu ina pA~ca prANoM ke atirikta pA~ca upaprANa bhI mAne jAte haiM - nAga, kUrma, kRkala, devadatta aura dhanaMjaya / hRdaya meM prANa, apAna gudamaMDala meM, samAna nAbhideza meM, udAna kaNThamadhya meM aura vyAna sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta mAnA jAtA hai| inakA varNa kramaza: harA, kAlA, indradhanuSI, lAla zveta hai| ye paMcavAyu pradhAna mAne jAte haiN| DakAra meM nAga, A~kha kholane meM kUrma, chIMkane meM kRkala (kRkara) aura devadatta jaMbhAI lene meM hotA hai| mRtyu ho jAne para binA naSTa hue zarIra meM kAryarata jo vAyu hai, use dhanaMjaya kahate haiN|' AcArya zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava meM dhyAna kI siddhi aura anta:karaNa kI sthiratA ke lie prANAyAma ko jainAgamAnusAra prazaMsanIya mAnA hai| prANAyAma ke binA mana ke Upara vijaya prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI isalie buddhimAn munijanoM ko use pahale hI spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenA cAhie / pUrvAcAryoM ne isa pavana ke stambhana svarUpa prANAyAma ke lakSaNa bheda se tIna prakAra kA kahA hai - 1. pUraka, 2. kumbhaka, aura 3. reck| .. 1. pUraka - dAdazAnta arthAt brahmatAlu mastaka ke chidra se athavA dAdaza aMgulaparyanta se kheMcakara pavana ko apanI icchAnusAra apane zarIra meM pUraNa kare usako vAyuvijJAnI paMDitoM ne pUraka pavana kahA hai| 2. kumbhaka - usa pUraka pavana ko sthira karake nAbhi rUpa kamala ke bhItara ghar3e ke AkAra meM atidRr3hatApUrvaka rokanA kumbhaka prANAyAma hai| 3. recaka-zvAsavAyuko jo udara ke bhItara atizaya prayatnapUrvaka bAhara nikAle ___ usako pavanAbhyAsa ke zAstroM meM vidAnoM ne recaka prANAyAma kahA hai| cAra prakAra ke prANAyAma kA bhI ullekha milatA hai - 1. pratyAhAra, 2. zAnta, 3. uttara evaM 4. adhr| gheraNDasaMhitA meM kumbhaka prANAyAma ke ATha bheda ullikhita haiM - 1. sahita, 2. sUryabhedI, 3. ujjAyI, 4. zItalI, 5. bhastrikA, 6. bhrAmarI, 7. mUrchA tathA 8: kevlii|' siddhasiddhAntapaddhati ke anusAra prANa kI sthiratA prANAyAma hai aura isake recaka, pUraka, kumbhaka aura saMghaTTIkaraNa ye cAra prakAra haiN| inameM pApa evaM duHkha kA nAza hotA hai, teja evaM saundarya bar3hatA hai, divyadRSTi, zravaNazakti, kAmAcArazakti, vAkzakti Adi zaktiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| isa prakAra prANAyAma se aneka siddhiyoM kI prApti hotI hai| prANAyAma aura bauddhadarzana - bauddhadarzana meM prANAyAma ko AnApAnasmRti 1. zivasaMhitA, 3/29, 30, 54. 2. Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines, P. 187-9 3. jJAnArNava 26/4/42, 43 4. siddhasiddhAntapaddhati, 2/35. 132

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karmasthAna kahA gayA hai|' Ana kA artha hai zvA~sa lenA aura apAna kA artha hai zvaoNsa chor3anA / inheM AzvAsa-prazvAsa bhI kahate haiN| karmasthAna cAlIsa hote haiM aura inhIM karmasthAnoM kI bhAvanA kara sabhI buddha, pratyekabuddha tathA buddhazrAvakoM ne vizeSa phala prApta kiyA thaa| prANAyAma aura jainaparamparA - jaina paramparA meM prANAyAma ke sambandha meM ApekSika do mata milate haiM - eka apekSA ke anusAra haThAt prANa kA nirodha karane se zarIra meM vyAkulatA utpanna hotI hai aura mana bhI vicalita ho jAtA hai, jisase mana svastha tathA sthira nahIM raha paataa| atyadhika pUraka, kumbhaka aura recaka karane meM parizrama karanA par3atA hai, jisase mana meM alpa saMkleza paidA hotA hai| dUsarI apekSA ke anusAra prANAyAma kI prakriyA se zarIra ko kucha dera ke lie sAdhA jA sakatA hai, roga kA nivAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu sAdhya ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ina matoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prANAyAma kisI-na-kisI prakAra sAdhanA ke eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM apekSita hai| jJAnArNava meM eka aura 'paramezvara' nAmaka prANAyAma kA bhI ullekha milatA hai arthAt jo vAyu nAbhiskandha se nikalakara hRdaya meM AtA hai aura vahA~ se calakara brahmarandhra athavA tAlurandhra meM sthita ho jAtA hai, use paramezvara prANAyAma kahate haiN|' isa sandarbha meM vAyu ke anya cAra prakAra varNita haiM, jo ki nAsikA vivara ke kramaza: cAra maNDaloM se sambandha rakhate haiN| jaise - 1. purandara - yaha vAyupIlA, uSNa aura svaccha hai aura ATha aMgala nAsikAse bAharatakarahatA hai| isa vAyakA sambandha pArthiva maNDala se hai jo pRthvI ke bIja se paripUrNa tathA vajracihna se yukta hai| 2. varuNa-yaha zveta tathA zItala hai aura nIce kI ora bAraha aMgula taka zIghratA se bahatA hai| yaha varuNamaNDala ke antargata akSara 'va' ke cihna se yukta, aSTamI ke candramA ke AkAra kA hotA hai| 3. pavana - yaha vAyu kAlA tathA uSNazIta hotA hai aura chaha aMgala pramANa bahatA rahatA hai| yaha vAyavya-maNDala ke antargata golAkAra, madhyabindu ke cihna se vyApta, pavanabIja 'ya' akSara se ghirA huA aura caMcala hotA hai| 4. dahana - yaha vAyulAla tathA uSNa sparza aura bavaNDara kI taraha cAra aMgula u~ccA bahane vAlA hai| yaha Agneya - maNDala ke antargata trikoNa, svastika cihnase yukta tathA agnibIja repha' cihna se yukta hotA hai| 1. bauddhadharmadarzana, pR. 81., majjhimanikAya, 2/2/2, 3/2/8., visuddhimaggo, pR. 269. 2. yogazAstra, 6/4-5. 3. yogazAstra : eka parizIlana, pR. 41.. 4. jJAnArNava, 26/47. 5. yogazAstra, 5/48-51. 6. vahI, 5/42. 7. jJAnArNava 26/47 8. jJAnArNava 26/47 133

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ukta cAroM prakAra ke vAyu bAIM tathA dAhinI nAr3I se hokara zarIra meM praveza karate haiM / isa prakAra inakA praveza zubha phaladAyaka samajhA jAtA hai aura jaba ukta vAyu donoM nAr3iyoM se nikala rahI hotI hai to azubha phaladAyaka hai|' ata: niSkarSa rupa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yogasAdhanA ke lie prANAyAma apekSita hai, kyoMki jahA~ isase zarIra tathA mana kA zuddhIkaraNa hotA hai, vahA~ isakI siddhi se janma aura mRtyukAla athavA zubhAzubha kA jJAna hotA hai| phira bhI vibhinna prANAyAmoM kI siddhi meM mAnasika avarodha utpanna hone se jainayoga ise vizeSa mahattva nahIM detA, yadyapi prANAyAma ke viSaya meM kaI prakAra ke vivecana, vizleSaNa jainayoga granthoM meM upalabdha haiN| pratyAhAra - dhAraNA jo prazAntabuddhi vizuddhatAyukta muni apanI indriyoM aura mana ko indriyoM ke viSayoM se khIMcakara jahA~-jahA~ apanI icchA ho, vahA~-vahA~ dhAraNa kare,so pratyAhAra kahA jAtA hai| arthAt muni ke indriya aura mana vaza meM hote haiM, taba muni jahA~ apanA mana lagAte haiM vahA~ laga sakatA hai, yaha pratyAhAra hai| vastuta: pratyAhAra kA artha hai ulTA lauTanA (prati-AhAra, prati = pratiloma-viparIta bhAva) / pratyAhArasAdhanA meM svabhAvata: bahirmukhI indriyA~ apane-apane viSayoM se vimukha kara antarmukhI banAI jAtI haiM, ata: use pratyAhAra kahate haiN| bhagavadgItA meM pratyAhAra kA varNana ina zabdoM meM kiyA gayA hai - pratyAhAra sAdhanA ke lie yatnavizeSa kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| indriya vyApAra citta kI gati ke adhIna hai| yama, niyama, prANAyAmAdi ke anuSThAna se citta bAhya viSayoM se virata ho cukatA hai| ata: indriyA~ bhI svata: viSayoM se pratyAhRta ho jAtI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki indriyA~ anukaraNa jaisA karatI haiM, para vAstava meM anukaraNa nahIM karatIM, kyoMki citta to prathama bAhya viSayoM se vimukha hokara bAda meM AtmatattvAbhimukhI hotA hai, kintu indriyA~ kevala bAhya viSayoM se vimukha hotI haiM, cittavat AtmatattvAbhimukha nahIM hotii| isa prakAra pratyAhAra indriyoM kA dharma hai, citta kA nhiiN|' granthakAra pratyAhAra kA varNana karate hue likhate haiM - ni:saMga (parigraharahita) aura saMvara rUpa huA hai mana jisakA aura kachue ke samAna saMkoca rUpa hai indriyA~ jisakI aisA muni hI rAgadveSa rahita samabhAva ko prApta hokara dhyAnarUpI taMtra meM sthirasvarUpa hotA hai| jitendriya yogI viSayoM se indriyoM ko tathA indriyoM se mana ko pRthak karake tathA 1. jJAnArNava, 27/1. 2. yogadarzana (bhASyabodhinI). 3. jJAnArNava, 27/2-4. 134

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apane mana ko nirAkula karake apane lalATa para nizcalatApUrvaka dhAraNa kare, yaha vidhi pratyAhAra meM kahI gaI hai| AcArya zubhacandra kahate haiM ki samAdhi ko bhalIbhAMti siddha karane ke lie pratyAhAra kI prazaMsA kI jAtI hai| prANAyAma se kSobha ko prApta huA mana svasthatA ko prApta nahIM hotA hai|' indriyasamUha kA nirodha karake inheM apane-apane abhISTa viSaya se vimukha karake samatAbhAva kA Alambana letA huA yogI mana ko bhAlapradeza meM bhalIbhAMti lIna karake use sthira kre| isa prakAra karane se samAdhi kI siddhi hotI hai| AcArya dhyAna ke sthAna lalATa ke atirikta anya sthAnoM kA varNana karate haiN| nirmala buddhi AcAryoM ne dhyAna karane ke lie netrayugala, donoM kAna, nAsikA kA agrabhAga, lalATa, mukha, nAbhi, mastaka, hRdaya, tAlu, donoM bhauhoM kA madhya bhAga ina daza sthAnoM meM se kisI eka sthAna meM apane mana ko viSayoM se rahita karake Alambita karanA arthAt ina sthAnoM meM se kisI eka sthAna para ThaharAkara dhyAna meM lIna karanA caahie| yahI dhAraNA hai| ina pUrvokta sthAnoM meM vizrAma rUpa ThaharAye hue lakSya ciMtana karane yogya dhyeya vastu kA vistAra karate hue muni ke svasaMvedana rUpa se dhyAna ke kAraNa bahuta hI utpanna hote haiM arthAt jisakA dhyAna kiyA cAhe, usakI hI siddhi hotI hai| uparyukta chahayogAMgoM ke atirikta dhyAna aura samAdhi ina do yogAMgoM kA vivecana dhyAna ke vizada vivecana nAmaka adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| ata: unako vahIM para dekhanA caahie| isalie yahA~ para unakA alaga se vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| dharmadhyAna ke bhedoM meM dhyAna kA aura zukla dhyAna ke bhedoM meM samAdhi kA antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai, aisA samajhanA caahie| sAdhanA kI siddhi ke lie mata-matAntaroM ke vividha jAla meM ulajhA sAdhaka kA mana sahAyaka sAmagrI ke ucita cunAva yA nirdhAraNa karane meM kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho jAtA hai| vahA~ dividha - bAhya evaM antaraMga sahAyaka sAmagrI kI zuddhi evaM sakriyatA ko banAeM rakhane kI pratibaddhatA hotI hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne dhyAna-yoga paramparA meM vyAkhyAyita mAnakoM kA punarIkSaNa karate hue vRddhasevA evaM aparigraha jaise navIna mAnakoM ko sthApita kara dhyAnasAdhanA ko nayA AyAma diyA hai| unakA yaha avadAna zreSThatA evaM mAnakIya rUpa hone ke kAraNa sadaiva smaraNIya kiyA jaaegaa| 1. jJAnArNava 27/12-14. 135

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paJcama adhyAya dhyAna yoga kA vizada varNana jagat meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai aura sabhI sukha kI icchA karate haiN| yadyapi sukha kI icchA sabakI eka-sI nahIM hai, tathApi vikAsa kI nyUnAdhikatA yA kamIvezI ke anusAra saMkSepa meM jIvoM ke aura unake sukha ke do varga kiye jA sakate haiM - eka, alpa vikAsa vAle prANI, jinake sukha kI kalpanA bAhya sAdhanoM taka hI sImita hai| ve preya mArga meM hI Ananda mAnate haiN| jabaki dUsare, adhika vikAsa vAle prANI, jo bAhya (bhautika sAdhanoM) saMpatti meM sukha na mAnakara sirpha AdhyAtmika guNoM kI prApti meM hI sukha mAnate haiN| ve zreyo mArga ke pujArI hote haiN| ina donoM varga ke mAne hue sukha meM antara itanA hI hai ki pahalA sukha parAdhIna hai aura dUsarA sukha svAdhIna / parAdhIna sukha ko kAma aura svAdhIna sukha ko mokSa kahate haiN| ye do hI puruSArtha haiN| dharmya aura artha to usake sAdhana haiN| sAdhana ke binA sAdhya siddha nahIM ho sktaa| ina donoM meM kArya-kAraNabhAva samAviSTa hai| ina do sAdhanoM ke dvArA hI prANI asaMkhya prakAra kI vicAradhArA meM pariNamana karatA rahatA hai| vicAroM ke aneka paDAva hone para bhI mukhya rUpa se ve do rUpoM meM hI hote haiM - eka zubha aura dUsarI azubha / yadyapi ye vicAradhArA cAhe zubha ho yA azubha, kintu ye AtmA kI hI vaibhAvika svAbhAvika pariNatiyA~ hotI haiN| ina asaMkhya vicAradhArAoM ko hI bodhagamya banAne kI dRSTi se jJAniyoM ne inheM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| ve cAra bhAga hI dhyAna kI saMjJA ko prApta hote haiN| AcArya zubhacandradeva ne dhyAna ke bhedoM kA varNana karate hue sarvaprathama dhyAna ke prazasta dhyAna evaM aprazasta dhyAna ye do bheda kiye haiN| jo ki pUrvokta paramparA ke nirvAha ke sAtha nAmAntarakaraNa hI hai| unake lakSaNoM ko likhate hue AcAryadeva likhate haiM - jisa dhyAna meM muni rAga se rahita hokara vastu svarUpa kA vicAra karate haiM use pApa se rahita hae AcArya prazasta dhyAna mAnate haiN| tathA jo jIva vastusvarUpake yathArtha jJAna se rahita hai tathA jisakA mana rAga-dveSAdi vikAroM se Ahata hai usake mana kI jo svatantratA se pravRtti hotI hai, vaha jo yadA tadA vicAra karatA hai, use aprazasta dhyAna kahA jAtA hai|' 1. prazastetarasaMkalpavazAttadbhidyate vidhaa| iSTAniSTaphalaprApterbIjabhUtaM zarIriNAm / / astarAgo muniryatra vastutattvaM vicintyet| tatprazastaM mataM dhyAnaM sUribhiH kSINakalmaSaiH / / ajJAtavastutattvasya raagaadyuphtaatmnH| svAtantryAda vRttiryA jntostdsddhyaanmucyte|| - jJAnArNava, 23/15-18. 136

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puna: inhIM dhyAnoM meM aprazasta dhyAna ke Arta aura raudra tathA prazasta dhyAna ke dharmya aura zukla isa prakAra cAra bheda kiye haiN| isI prakAra Agama granthoM meM bhI inhIM cAra bhedoM kA ullekha hai|' 1. ArtadhyAna - ArtadhyAna zabda kA artha - cetanA kI arati yA vedanAmaya ekAgra pariNati ko ArtadhyAna kahA gayA hai| 'Rte: bhavam Atam' isa nirukti ke anusAra duHkha meM hone vAlI saMkliSTa pariNati kA nAma ArttadhyAna hai| du:kha ke nimitta se yA duHkha meM hone vAlI dazA yA pariNati ko ArtadhyAna kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra rAga bhAva se jo unmattatA hotI hai, vaha kevala ajJAna ke kAraNa hI hotI hai jisake phalasvarUpa jIva usa avAMchanIya vastu kI prApti- aprApti ke prati duHkhI hotA hai vahI ArttadhyAna hai| ArttadhyAna sAmAnyata: to duHkha-kleza rUpa pariNAma hai| aniSTa saMyogaja, iSTaviyogaja, rogaprakopajanita yA pIDAcintana tathA nidAna ke AdhAra para Ata dhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke kartA AcArya umAsvAmI ne bhI ArtadhyAna ke cAra prakAra batalAye haiN| tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke sabhI manISiyoM ne eka svara meM ina cAroM hI bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai| dhyAna se sambandhita anya granthoM meM bhI Artta dhyAna ke cAra bhedoM kA hI kathana huA hai| 1. aniSTasaMyogaja - apane kuTumbIjana, dhana, zarIra ko naSTa karane vAle, agni, jala, viSa, zastra, sarpa, siMha, bhUmi tathA bila meM rahane vAle jIva jantu, durjana, zatrutva rakhane vAle rAjA ityAdi ke kAraNa aniSTa saMyoga yA anabhIpsita sthiti kA * prApta honA prathama aniSTasaMyoga nAmaka ArttadhyAna hai| isameM apane samakSa Ae hue yA nahIM Aye hue bhI aniSTa padArthoM ke dvArA jo kleza hotA hai vaha bhI antarbhUta ho jAtA hai| 2. iSTaviyogaja - iSTaviyogaja ArtadhyAna kA varNana karate hue AcArya zubhacandra ne likhA hai - rAjya, aizvarya, strI, pArivArikajana, suhRda, saubhAgya, bhogyapadArtha, citta ke lie prItikara, sundara indriya viSaya - inakA nAza hone para saMtrAsa, bhrama, zoka 1. aha~ rudaM dhamma sukvaM jhANAi tattha aNtaaii| NivvANasAhaNAI bhvkaarnnmttttruddaaii|| - dhyAnazataka, 5. 2. aarttraudrdhHshuklaani|| - tattvArthasUtra 9/28. 3. priyabhraMze'priyaprAptau nidAne vednodye| AtaMkaSAyasaMyuktaM dhyAnamuktaM smaastH|| - tattvArthasAra 7/36. 4. mUlAcAra 5/197, tattvAnuzAsana 34. dhyAnastava 9.. 137

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aura moha ke kAraNa rAta-dina riktatA kA anubhava karanA, usI meM ekAgratA lie ghule rahanA iSTaviyoga janita ArtadhyAna hai| ve kaise prApta hoM kSaNa-kSaNa use yahI vyathA yA AkulatA banI rahatI hai vaha aura sabhI bhUla jAtA hai, isI para TikA rahatA hai| cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, mAMDalika rAjA Adi kA rAjya-vaibhava, sAmAnya rAjya vaibhava, bhogabhUmi ke akhaNDa sukha saubhAgya, pradhAnamaMtrI, mukhyasenApati Adi kI padaviyA~, manuSya-deva sambandhI kAmabhogoM kI prApti, navayuvatiyoM kA saMyoga, paryaMka, zayyA, azva, gaja, ratha, kAra Adi vividha vAhanoM kA yoga, candana, itra, sugandhita tela . Adi mohaka padArthoM kI prApti, ratna evaM suvarNajaDita aneka prakAra ke AbhUSaNa, dhanadhAnyAdi kI vipula prApti Adi ina sabhI padArthoM kA saMyoga hone para sAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se unake viyoga na hone kA adhyavasAya karanA tathA bhaviSya meM bhI unakA viyoga na ho aisA nirantara cintana karanA dvitIya ArtadhyAna hai| isake atirikta bhogoM kA nAza, manojJa indriyoM ke viSayoM kA pradhvaMsa, vyApArAdi meM hAni, kAla jJAna viSayaka grantha, svarAdi lakSaNoM, jyotiSa Adi vidyA se alpa Ayu kA jJAna hone para cintita honA, svajana ke chor3a jAne se mUrchita honA, mitrAdi ke viyoga se du:khI honA, mRtyu kA cintana karanA, dhana-saMpatti kA apaharaNa hone para khinna honA, yaza:kIrti, mAna-sammAna ke lie prayatnazIla rahanA, pratiSThA ke lie dhanAdi kA adhika vyaya karanA, durbalatA evaM daridratA ke kAraNa pazcAttApa karanA, manojJa vastu : kI prApti ke lie satat prayatnazIla rahanA aura unakI prApti ke bAda unake viyoga kI nirantara cintA karanA hI manojJa aviyoga cintA nAmaka dvitIya ArtadhyAna hai|' 3. rogaprakopajanitapIDAcintana - vAta, pitta, kapha ke prakopa se hone vAle bhayaMkara kaMThamAlA, koDha, rAjayakSmA, kSaya, apasmAra - mUrchA, mirgI, netraroga, zarIra kI jar3atA, apaGgatA, kubjakapanA, udararoga- jalodarAdi, mUka, sUjana-zotha, bhasmakaroga, kampana, pITha kA jhukanA, zlIpada (hAthIpA~va), madhumeha aura prameha ina solaha mahArogoM se utpanna pIr3A aura kaSTa ati duHkhadAyaka hai| manuSya ke zarIra meM sADhe tIna karor3aroma mAne jAte haiN| unameM se pratyeka roma meM paune do roga kahe jAte haiN| jaba taka manuSya ke sAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya rahatA hai, taba taka rogoM kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| parantu jaise hI asAtAvedanIya karma kA udaya hotA hai ki ina solaha rogoM meM se kisI bhI eka roga kA vipAka hotA hai| roga ke vipAka hote hI usakI bhayaMkara vedanA se mana vyAkula ho jAtA hai| use dUra karane ke lie prayatna zuru kiye jAte haiN| nAnA prakAra ke Arambha, samArambha, chedana, bhedana, pacana, pAcana, Adi kriyAe~ kI 1. dhyAna zataka, gAthA . 8, jJAnArNava 25/29-31, dhyAnadIpikA gAthA, 73-74, siddhAntasArasaMgraha 11/38, zrAvakAcArasaMgraha bhAga 5, pR. 351. . 138

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jAtI haiN| isa prakAra roga ke vipAka hone para usake viyoga kA satat cintana karanA hI AtaMka nAmaka tIsarA ArtadhyAna hai|' 4. nidAna (bhogecchA) - tapa-japa ke phala rUpa meM devendra, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi Rddhi, rAjya kI prApti, indra pada kI icchA, vidyAdharoM kA Adhipatya, dharaNendra ke bhogane yogya bhoga, svarga sampadA, svarga lakSmI, saMsAra kA vipula vaibhava, devAMganA kA sukha-vilAsa, pUjA, mAna-sammAna, yaza:kIrti kI kAmanA, krodhAgni se dUsare kA ahita karane kI bhAvanA, kulavinAzaka bhAvanA kI kAmanA karanA hI nidAna nAmaka caturtha ArtadhyAna hai| pA~coM indriyoM meM do indriyA~ (A~kha aura kAna) kAmI haiM tathA zeSa tIna indriyA~ (sparzana, rasanA, ghrANaM) bhogI haiN| ina indriyoM dvArA arthAt zrotendriya dArA rAga-rAginI kA zravaNa, killariyoM kA gAyana, vAdyAdi ke manohara rAga sunane ke bhAva utpanna honA evaM usameM Ananda mAnanA, cakSurindriya se nRtya, solaha zRGgAroM se susajjita strI, vibhinna manohara ramaNIya dRzyoM evaM citroM ko dekhanA, ghrANendriya se itra-puSpAdi sugandhita padArthoM ko sUMghanA, rasanendriya se SaT rasa bhojana evaM abhakSya sevana kI bhAvanA honA tathA bhakSaNa karanA, sparzendriya se zayanAsana, vastra evaM AbhUSaNa Adi vilAsamaya bhogoM ko bhogane kI bhAvanA honA hI bhogecchA athavA bhogAta nAmaka caturtha ArttadhyAna hai| yaha cAra prakAra kA ArtadhyAna saMsAravardhaka, rAgadveSa- mohAdi se kaluSita jIva ko hotA hai| tiryaJcagati kA kAraNa evaM rAgadveSamohAdi bhAva kA janaka hone se saMsAra vRkSa kA bIja hai| saMsAra ke adhikatara prANiyoM ko ArtadhyAna hI hotA hai| ye jIva ArtadhyAna meM hI nimagna rahate haiN| kisI ko iSTa kA viyoga hone ke kAraNa duHkha hai to kisI ko aniSTa 1. AcArAMgasUtra, jJAnArNava 25/32, dhyAna zataka gAthA 7. dhyAnadIpikA (gujarAtI - vijayakezarasUri) gAthA 76. tattvArthasUtra 9/32. * 2. tattvArthasUtra 9/34. dhyAnazataka gAthA 9. jJAnArNava 25/35-36. 3. evaM cauvviharAgaddosamohakiyarasa jiivrs| adRjjhANaM saMsAravaddhaNaM tiriyagaimUlaM / / rAgo doso moho ya jeNa saMsAra heyavo bhnniyaa| ami ya te tiNNi vi, to taM saMsAra tarubIyaM / / - dhyAnazataka gAthA 10, 13. 139

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manojJa amanojJa saMyoga meM, kisI ko aniSTa se saMyoga na ho jAe isakI pIr3A hai to kahIM roga kI cintA aura kinhIM logoM ko kAma-bhogoM kI tIvra lAlasA ne vikala kara rakhA hai| ye sabhI prakAra ke ArttadhyAna saMsAra ke karmabandhana ke kAraNa haiN| ye azubhadhyAna sadA acche puNya Adi kA nAza karake jIva ko sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM kI ora unmukta karate haiN| jisase usakA mokSamArga avaruddha ho jAtA hai| isalie ye ArtadhyAna sarvadA tyAjya haiN| ArtadhyAna ke avAntara bheda ko nidarzita karane vAlI sAriNI cAritrasAra' ke anusAra nimna hai - ArttadhyAna manojJa anutpatti saMprayogasaMkalpa anutpatti viprayogasaMkalpa bAhya AdhyAtmika bAhya AdhyAtmika cetanakRta acetanakRta zArIrika mAnasika zArIrika mAnasika ArtadhyAna ke lakSaNa - cetanakRta acetanakRta ArttadhyAna se Azrita citta vAle jIvoM ke bAhya cihnoM ke sambandha meM zAstrajJa vidvAnoM ne kahA hai - "manuSya cAhe apane ko cAlAka samajhakara yaha chipAye ki use ArttadhyAna nahIM hotA. kintu usake dila meM sthita ArtadhyAna se pIr3ita vyakti sabase pahale to zaGkAlu hotA hai phira usako zoka va bhaya se pramAda taka hone lagatA hai| usakA citta eka jagaha nahIM tthhrtaa| vaha viSayI hokara hara vakta sone lagatA hai, usakA zarIra dhIredhIre zithila par3ane lagatA hai| vaha jIva nirantara AkrAnta, zoka, krodha Adi kriyAe~ karatA hai| iSTaviyoga, aniSTasaMyoga tathA vedanA ke kAraNa hote haiN| jora-jora se cillAkara chAtI pITa-pITakara rotA hai, A~sU bahAtA hai, bAla nocatA hai evaM vANI se dila kA gussA utAratA hai|'' vaha parigraha meM atyanta Asakta hokara evaM lobhI hokara, zoka karatA huA / apanI jIvikA calAtA hai| usakA zarIra kSINa par3a jAtA hai ata: mUrchA AtI hai, zarIra kI kAnti naSTa ho 1. cAritrasAra 167/4. 2. jJAnArNava, 25/43. 3. tassa'kkaMdaNa-soyaNa-parideveNa-tADaNAiM liNgaaii| ihaa'nnitthviogaa'viog-viynnaanimittaaii|| - dhyAnazataka 15-17. * 140

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jAtI hai| isa prakAra se ina aneka bAhya lakSaNoM se ArttadhyAna kA patA cala jAtA hai| jise kevala apanI hI AtmA jAna sake vaha AdhyAtmika ArttadhyAna kahalAtA hai aura jise anya loga anumAna kara sake bAhya Arta kahalAtA hai| ArtadhyAna ke guNasthAna evaM svAmI - ___ ArtadhyAna cAroM bhedoM sahita chaThe guNasthAna taka hI rahatA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne bhI apanI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM kahA hai - "avirata - asaMyatasamyagdRSTi aura dezavirata jIvoM ke cAroM hI prakAra kA ArtadhyAna hotA hai, kyoMki ve saba asaMyamI hote haiN| pramattasaMyatoM ke to nidAna ke binA zeSa tIna hI ArttadhyAna pramAda ke udaya kI tIvratAvaza kadAcit hote haiN|'' harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra chaha guNasthAnoM taka chaha bhUmi vAlA ArttadhyAna mAnA gayA hai| jJAnArNava meM bhI chaha guNasthAna taka hI ArtadhyAna mAnA hai, lekina saMyatAsaMyata nAmaka pA~caveM guNasthAna taka to cAra bheda sahita rahatA hai kintu chaThe guNasthAna meM nidAna rahita tIna prakAra kA hI rahatA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM bhI kahA hai ki - "nidAna ko chor3akara zeSa dhyAna pramAda ke udaya kI tIvratA se hote haiM, nidAna pramatta saMyatoM ke nahIM hotA hai|'' mUlAcAra; sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga aura aupapAtikasUtra meM se kisI meM bhI dhyAna ke svAmiyoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| dhyAnazataka meM bhI ArttadhyAna mithyAdRSTi va asaMyatasamyagdRSTi, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata guNasthAnavI jIvoM ke hotA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai aura vaha cUMki saba prakAra ke pramAda kA mUla kAraNa hai, munijanoM ke lie yaha sarvathA tyAjya hai| .1. mUrchA kauzolyakenAzya kausIdyAnyati gdhnutaa| bhayodegAnuzokAcca liGgagAnyArte smRtAni vai|| bAhyaM ca liGgamArttasya gaatrglaanirvivrnntaa| hastAnyatkapolatvaM sAzrutAnyacca tAdRzam / / - mahApurANa 21/40-41. 2. svasaMvedyAdhyAtmikArttadhyAna - cAritrasAra, 167/5. 3. tadaviratadezaviratapramattasaMyatAnAm - tattvArthasUtra 9/34. 4. sarvArthasiddhi 9/34 pR. 5. harivaMzapurANa 56/18 6. jJAnArNava 25/38-39. 7. tattvArthavArtika 3/41/1. 8. tadaviradadesavirayA-pamAyaparasaMjayANugaM jhaannN| - savvappamAyamUlaM vajjeyavvaM jaijaNeNaM / / - dhyAnazataka gAthA 18. 141

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ArtadhyAna aura lezyA - ArttadhyAna azubha yA aprazasta dhyAna ke antargata AtA hai isalie yaha azubha hone ke kAraNa azubha lezyA vAlA hI hotA hai| isake kRSNa, nIla aura kApota ye tIna azubha lezyAeM hotI haiM, jo pApa rUpa agni meM IMdhana ke samAna hotI haiN|' jIva ke karmoM se udita huI ye tInoM lezyAeM atyadhika saMkliSTa nahIM hotiiN| jitanI ve raudradhyAna meM apane atyadhika rUpa meM rahatI haiM, utanI ve ArtadhyAna meM prabhAvazAlI nahIM hokara hIna rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| inhIM azubha lezyAoM para Azrita hokara azubha rUpa ArttadhyAna utpanna hotA hai| ArtadhyAna kA phala - saMsAra, karmabandhana ke kAraNa nirmita hotA hai| ArttadhyAna se karmoM kA kSaya nahIM hotA apitu karmoM kA bandhana bar3hatA hai aura karmoM kA bandhana bar3hane se saMsAra kI.vRddhi hotI hai, vaha mAyA-moha ke cakkara meM par3a jAtA hai evaM janma-maraNa ke bhavasAgara meM cakkara lagAtA hai ye saba hI ArttadhyAna ke phalasvarUpa hotA hai| yahI sAmAnya rUpa se ArttadhyAna kA phala hai| lekina isa phala ke alAvA ArttadhyAna kA eka vizeSa phala hotA hai tiryazcagati / tiryaJcagati anantaduHkhoM se vyApta hai| ArttadhyAna atyanta azubha duHkhoM se vyApta evaM samasta klezoM se bharA huA hone ke kAraNa saMsAra ke bandhana kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| raudradhyAna - raudradhyAna kA lakSaNa - "prANinAM rodanAda rudraH, tatra bhavaM raudram' arthAt krUra, kaThora evaM hiMsaka vyakti ko rudra kahA jAtA hai aura usa prANI arthAt usa rudra prANI ke dArA jo kArya kiyA jAtA hai, usake bhAva ko raudra kahate haiN| ina atizaya krUra bhAvanAoM 1. kAvoya-nIla-kAlAlessAo nnaaisNkilitttthaao| __ adRjjhANovagayarasa kmmprinnaamjnniaao|| - vahI, 14. 2. aprazastatamaM lezyA trayamAzritya jRmbhitm| antarmuhUrttakAlaM tada aprazastAvalambanam / / - mahApurANa, 21/38. cAritrasAra, 169/3. 3. eyaM cauvviha rAga-dosa-mohaM kiyassa jiivss| __ adRjjhANaM saMsAravaddhaNaM tiriyagaimUlaM / / - dhyAnazataka gAthA 10 4. anantaduHkhasaMkIrNamasya tiryaggate: phalam / - jJAnArNava, 25/40. sarvArthasiddhi 9/29. rAjavArtika 9/33/1/629. cAritrasAra 169/4. mUlAcArapradIpa 6/2016. 5. rudraH krUrAzaya: prANI prnniitstttvdrshibhiH|| rudrasya karmabhAvo vA raudrmitybhidhiiyte|| - jJAnArNava, 26/2. rudraH krUrAzayaH karma tatra bhavaM vA raudrm| - sarvArthasiddhi.9/28/445/19. rAjavArtika 9/28/2/627/28. bhAvapAhuDa TIkA 78/423. 142

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tathA pravRttiyoM se saMzliSTa dhyAna ko raudradhyAna kahA hai| jo puruSa prANiyoM ko rulAtA hai, vaha rudrava krUra kahalAtA hai tathA usa puruSa ke dvArA jo dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha raudradhyAna kahalAtA hai| yaha dhyAna bhI azubha athavA aprazasta dhyAna hai| isameM jIva svabhAvavaza sabhI prakAra ke pApoM ko karane meM pravRtta rahatA hai| vaha hiMsA Adi pApakArya karake garvapUrvaka DIMge mAratA hai| yaha dhyAna atyanta aniSTakArI hai| cora, zatrujanoM ke vadha sambandhI mahAdeSa se utpanna dhyAna raudradhyAna kahalAtA hai| hiMsA meM AnandAnubhUti, asatya vacana se sukha mAnanA, corI meM prasannatA kA anubhava karanA tathA viSayoM ke saMrakSaNa meM sotsAha rahanA ina cAroM ke AdhAra para jIvoM meM utpanna hone vAlA raudradhyAna cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| jinake nAma nimna haiM - 1. hiMsAnandI * 2. mRSAnandI 3. cauryAnandI / 4. saMrakSaNAnandI 1. hiMsAnanda raudradhyAna - ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka kisI bhI jIva ko yA sacitta padArtha ko sva tathA para se chedana, bhedana, tAr3ana, mArana, tApana, bandhana, prahAra, damana Adi kI pravRtti karanA, nabhacara-kauvA, totA, kabUtara, Adi pakSI, jalacaramagaramaccha, matsya Adi jantu, sthalacara - gAya, bhaiMsa, siMha, bAgha, hAthI, ghor3A, baila Adi pazuoM ke kAna, nAka Adi bIMdhanA, jaMjIra Adi se bAMdhanA, talavAra Adi zastroM se prANarahita karane meM Ananda manAnA, hiMsaka pravRtti meM satat kuzala rahanA, pApakArI kArya meM pravINa, krUra, niSThura, nirdaya logoM se maitrI karanA arthAt satat unake sAtha rahanA, prANiyoM ko kaise. mArA jAya ? usake lie kauna se upAya kiye jAeM ? isameM kauna catura hai ? isa prakAra kA saMkalpa-vikalpa karanA, azvamedhayajJa, gomedhayajJa, ajamedhayajJa, naramedhayajJa Adi yajJAdi meM prANiyoM kI hiMsA karake Ananda manAnA, unheM jalate hue dekhakara prasanna honA, khuzI manAnA; niraparAdha jantuoM ko pIr3ita karake khuza honA, zAnti 1. prANinAM rodanAda rudraH krUra: sattveSa nirpnnH| puMsAMstatra bhavaM raudraM viddhi dhyAnaM caturvidham / / - mahApurANa, 21/42 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1703/1528. mUlAcAra, 396. 2. niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti, 89. 3. hiNsaanndaamRssaanndaaccauryaatsNrkssnnaattthaa| . prabhavatyaGginAM zazvadapi raudraM caturvidham / / - jJAnArNava, 24/3. 143

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sthApita karane ke lie brAhmaNa, guru, devatA Adi kI svArthabuddhi se pUjA evaM smaraNa karane kA saMkalpa karanA, jIvoM ko bandhana meM bAMdhakara, zatru ko zaktihIna kara, yuddha meM jayavijaya-parAjaya kI bhAvanA kara Anandita honA, katlakhAne meM prANiyoM ke karuNa krandana ko dekha-sunakara atyadhika Anandita honA, zUlI para car3hate hue jIva kI vedanA ko dekhakara vicAra kare, ki acchA huA, ise to aisA hI daNDa milanA cAhie thA, bar3A julmI thA, pApI thA, krUra thA, nirdayI thA, hiMsaka thA, acchA huA mara gyaa| zilpakAroM kI kalAoM se prasanna hokara hiMsaka pravRtti meM rasa lenaa| DAsa-macchara, sarpa, bicchU Adi viSaile prANiyoM ko davA Adi se khatma karake Anandita honA tathA cakkI, hala, bakhara, kudAlI, . phAvar3A, Ukhala, mUlasa, sarautA, hasiyA~, hathaur3A, kaiMcI, bandUka, talavAra, cAkU Adi anAvazyaka vastuoM kA saMgraha karake jIvoM kI hiMsA karane meM khuzI manAnA / ye sabhI hisAnubandhI raudradhyAna haiN| ye sabhI bAteM raudradhyAna ke prathama bheda meM AtI haiN| isake atirikta IrSyAvRtti, mAyAvRtti, hiMsaka zastra, vastra, grantha, homa Adi kA nirmANa karanA evaM hamezA hiMsAjanaka vastuoM ko upayoga meM lAne kI bhAvanA rakhanA hisAnubandhI raudradhyAna hai|" . 2. mRSAnanda raudradhyAna - jhUThI kalpanAoM ke jAla se utpanna, pApa ke maila se malina citta hokara vyakti jo ceSTAe~ karatA hai, usI meM ramA rahatA hai, saMlagna rahatA hai, usake atirikta usakA cintana anyatra jAtA hI nahIM, aisA mRSAnanda raudradhyAna kahA gayA hai| jo asatyabhASI abhimAna ke vazIbhUta hokara yaha vicAra karatA hai ki maiM Thagane vAle zAstra ko racakara aura duSTatApUrNa mArga kA upadeza dekara logoM ko Apatti meM DAlU~gA va abhISTa sukha ko bhogUMgA, isake atirikta asatyabhASaNa kI caturAI ke prabhAva se maiM logoM se bahuta prakAra ke dhana ko tathA ghor3A, hAthI, nagara, suvarNa Adi kI khAnoM evaM sundara kanyAdi rUpa ratnoM ko grahaNa karU~gA, isa prakAra jo asatya vacanoM ke dvArA becAre sAdhAraNa janoM ko atizaya ThagatA huA unheM samIcIna mArga se bhraSTa karake kumArga meM pravRtta karAtA hai vaha raudradhyAna kA sthAna (Azraya) hotA hai| Thaga vidyA ke zAstroM kA saMgraha karanA evaM nirmANa karanA, vyasanI honA, caturAI se dUsaroM ko ThaganA tathA asatya ke bala se rAjA, prajA, seTha, sAhUkAra, bhole jIvoM ko parezAna karanA, asatya vacana kA satat prayoga karanA, vAk kuzalatA se 1. hate niSpIr3ite dhvaste jantujAte kdrthite| svena cAnyena yo hrssstddhiNsaaraudrmucyte|| - jJAnArNava, 24/4,7 dhyAnazataka, gAthA 19. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 475. siddhAntasArasaMgraha, 11/42. dhyAnakalpataru, pR. 12. dhyAnadIpikA, gAthA 85-86. 144

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vAMchita prayojana hetu mUDhajanoM ko saMkaTa meM pha~sAnA, bUr3he, rogI, napuMsaka Adi kA vivAha karavAnA; dUsaroM ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karanA, gAya, ghor3A Adi pazuoM kI, totA-mainA Adi pakSiyoM kI evaM kheta, bAga, kuA~ Adi kI jhUThI prazaMsA karake prapaMca phailAkara, bure ko acchA batAkara, acche ko burA batAkara, ina sabakA kraya-vikraya karanA, karavAnA, jhUThI gavAhI denA, jhUThe lekha likhAnA, dhana, makAna Adi kA apaharaNa karanA, karavAnA, vyApAra evaM anya kArya meM dagAbAjI se dUsare ko Thagane kA prayatna karanA, usameM prasanna honA, apanA manamAnA mithyApaMtha calAnA, vItarAga prarUpita zAstroM ke atirikta anya kalpita granthoM kI racanA karanA, karavAnA, ina granthoM bdArA bholI janatA ko bhrama meM DAlanA, dayA meM pApa batAnA, hiMsA mArga kA samarthana karanA, dUsare kI cugalI khAne kA socanA, dUsare kI nApaMsada bAta ko kisI ke sAmane namaka-mirca lagAkara kaha dene kI ugra va krUra icchA karanA, tiraskAra vacana, gAlI, apazabda yA adhama asabhya zabda sunA dene kA socanA, dUsaroM ke pAsa se yena-kena-prakAreNa svArtha sAdhane ke lie saMkalpa karanA, asatya ko satya karake logoM ke gale bAta utAranA, satat mAyAmRSAvacana mana meM gaDhanA, bahire, andhe, lUle, apaMga, koDhI Adi logoM kI haMsI-majAka karanA, karavAnA, nirdoSiyoM meM doSa samUha ko siddha karake apane asatya sAmarthya ke prabhAva se apane duzmanoM kA rAjA ke dArA athavA anya kisI ke dvArA ghAta karAne kA saMkalpa karanA, mUrkha prANI ko caturAI ke vacanoM dArA Thagane meM maiM catura hU~ - aisA socanA, vicAra karanA tathA ye prANI merI pravINatA se bar3e akAryoM meM pravartege hI, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM, aise vicAra karanA, yaha duSTAtmA hamezA asatya bolakara merA nAza karatA hai, isalie asatya bhASaNa se yaha duSTAtmA vadhabaMdhAdi ko prApta hogA, aisA satat cintana karanA, jJAnI, dhyAnI, zIlavAn vyaktiyoM se satat IrSyA karanA, pAgala Adi ko dekhakara unheM satAnA, cir3hAnA, unheM cir3hate hue dekhakara atyadhika Anandita honA, juA, tAza, zataraMja Adi kheloM meM svabhAvata: jhUTha bolanA, vyartha kI bakavAda karanA, hastakauzalAdi kAryoM meM mantra-tantra-yantrAdi ke ADambara dArA apanI pratiSThA sunane meM Anandita honA Adi ina sabhI pravRttiyoM ko karate hue Anandita honA mRSAnubandhI raudradhyAna athavA mRSAnanda raudradhyAna hai|' 3. cauryAnanda raudradhyAna - corI viSayaka upadeza kA bAhulya, cauryakarma meM caturAI tathA corI meM jo asAdhAraNa ruci hotI hai use cauryAnanda raudradhyAna kahate haiN| raudradhyAna corI ke krUra cintana se utpanna hotA hai| dUsare ke paise, mAla, patnI-putrAdi, jAyadAda, dhana-dhAnya, makAna, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM ko kaise hajama karU~, prApta karU~ 1. dhyAnazataka gAthA 20. jJAnArNava, 26/16-23. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 475. siddhAntasArasaMgraha 11/43. 2. cauryopadezabAhulyaM, cAturya caurykrmnni| .. yaccauryakarataM cetstccauryaanndmissyte|| - jJAnArNava, 24/22. 145

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evaM parakIyoM kA dhana kisa upAya se grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, aise krUra cintana meM satat tanmaya honA steyAnubandhI raudradhyAna hai| usake upAyoM kA vicAra, dA~vapeMca lagAne kA vicAra, sAmane vAle kI najara bacAne, A~khoM meM dhUla DAlane Adi kI tanmaya vicAradhArA meM car3hanA evaM corI ke kAryoM ke upadeza kI adhikatA tathA caurya karma meM caturatA, corI ke pratyeka kAryoM meM tatparatA honA, jIvoM ke cauryakarma ke lie nirantara cintA utpanna honA tathA corI karake bhI nirantara Anandita evaM harSita honA, dUsarA koI corI kA kArya karatA ho to harSa mAnanA, svayaM evaM dUsare ke caurya kalA, kauzalatA kI prazaMsA karanA, dUsaroM kI bahumUlya vastuoM ko ThagAI (chala) se prApta karanA, sArabhUta dipada, catuSpada jIvoM ko sAmarthya bala se apanA batAkara bhoganA evaM satat caurya kRtya kA cintana, paradhana haraNa kI cintA mana, vacana, kAya se svayaM karanA, karAnA, anumodanA denA ina sabako karate hue Anandita honA hI steyAnubandhI athavA cauryAnandI yA taskarAnubandhI raudradhyAna hai|' 4. viSayasaMrakSaNAnanda raudradhyAna - cauthA viSaya saMrakSaNAnanda nAmaka raudradhyAna hai, jo sAMsArika sukhopabhogamUlaka viSayoM kI surakSA meM atyanta vimUDha banA, unhIM ke viSaya meM apane cintana ko lagAe rahatA hai| granthakAra ne usake kaluSita cintana ke sambandha meM likhA hai - "jo vyakti aneka Arambha-parigrahamUlaka padArthoM ke rakSaNa hetu atyanta udyata rahatA hai, unhIM meM apane saMkalpa ko jor3e rakhatA hai, apane dhana-vaibhava ko mahattvapUrNa mAnatA huA - 'maiM rAjA hU~' aise ahaMkAra se uddIpta rahatA hai| aisA cintana isa dhyAna ke antargata AtA hai| isameM dhana saMrakSaNa meM mazagUla hokara usakA ugra cintana hotA hai| jIva ko accheacche zabdAdi (zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa, sparza) viSayoM ko prApti tathA bhoga bahuta pasaMda haiM / isameM usake sAdhana rUpa, dhana, vaibhava kI prApti va rakSA meM vaha tatpara rahatA hai, Arambhaparigraha kI rakSA hetu evaM apane kuTumba parivAra kI rakSA hetu, dAsa-dAsI, dhana-dhAnya, makAna, vastra-AbhUSaNa, gAya, bhaiMsaM, baila Adi pazu, totA, mainA Adi pakSI tathA Adhunika vibhinna bhoga sAmagrI ko pAkara unakI rakSA hetu nirantara cintita rahanA viSayasaMrakSaNAnanda raudradhyAna hai| isake atirikta krUra Azaya se zatruoM kA saMhAra karane kI tIvra bhAvanA, grAma, nagara, pura, paTana Adi ko dagdha karane kI tIvra icchA honA, niSkaMTaka rAjya ko prApta karane kI abhilASA honA, rAjA banane kI bhogecchA honA, svayaM ko prabala pratApI ghoSita karanA, dhanAdi ko tijorI Adi meM rakhU tAki koI na le, agni, corAdi kA upadrava na ho, mailA-kucailA pAgala-sA rahane se koI merA pIchA na kare, kisI se bhI maitrI na rakhU, tAki unakI bAta na sunanI par3e, mitavyayatA se jIvana calAU~, kama mUlya kI vastu 1. jJAnArNava, 24/23-26. dhyAnazataka, gAthA 21. siddhAntasArasaMgraha, 11/44. dhyAnadIpikA, gAthA 89-91. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, bhAga 5, pR. 351. . 146

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kharIdUM Adi vividha upAyoM se dravya kI rakSA karane kI bhAvanA rakhanA, kuTumba parivAra ko hamezA khuza rakhU tAki ve hara samaya kAma meM Ae~, makAna Adi kI saphAI rakhU, jisase gire nahIM, prANa hAni na ho, isa prakAra vividha prakAra se sampatti aura saMtati ke rakSaNArtha vicAra karanA yaha bhI viSayasaMrakSaNAnanda raudradhyAna hai| ___ zarIra rakSA kI dRSTi se zIta, uSNa, varSA Rtu meM upayogI vastra, anna, makAnAdi kI rakSA kI bhAvanA rakhanA, zatru rakSArtha zastroM evaM sabhaToM kI rakSA kA upAya socanA, usameM satat cintana rahanA, vAta, pitta, kapha Adi rogoM se utpanna Adhi, vyAdhi ko dUra karane ke lie satat auSadhopacAra, vyantarAdi devoM ke upadravoM se mantrAdi vdArA zarIra ko surakSita rakhane kI cintA karanA, svayaM sukhI rahane kI satat bhAvanA rakhanA, hRSTa-puSTa kAya ko dekhakara harSita honA, abhakSyAdi padArthoM dvArA zarIra ko puSTa karane kI bhAvanA rakhanA, svajana evaM sampatti, rAjA, mitrAdi ko nAza karane kI krUra bhAvanA rakhanA, unheM kaSTa meM DAlane ke lie vividha upAya khojanA isa prakAra zabda, rasa, rUpa, gandha, sparzAdi padArthoM ke saMgraha-rakSaNa ke lie atizaya saMkleza pariNAma se mana ko uparokta sabhI kriyAoM meM saMlagna karanA hI viSayasaMrakSaNAnaMnda athavA parigrahAnanda raudradhyAna hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI aura dhana saMrakSaNa ye cAroM prakAra ke raudradhyAna svayaM kare, dUsaroM se karAye tathA karavAne ko anumodanA de, ina tInoM ke nimittAdi kA cintana karanA hI raudradhyAna hai| rAgadveSa-mohAdi se vyAkula jIva ko hI ye cAroM prakAra ke raudradhyAna hote haiM / ye cAroM hI rAga, dveSa aura moha ke janaka haiM, saMsAravardhaka haiM tathA narakagati kI jar3a haiN|'' .. yadyapi viSayoM kI apekSA to raudradhyAMna ke aneka bheda ho jAte haiM, kintu sAmAnyatayA raudradhyAna ke bAhya aura Abhyantara rUpa se do prakAra haiN| jinake lakSaNa nimnAnusAra haiM - . . bAhyaraudradhyAna ke lakSaNa - hisAdi upakaraNoM kA saMgraha karanA, krUra jIvoM para anugraha karanA, duSTa jIvoM ko protsAhana denA, nirdayatAdika bhAva, vyavahAra kI krUratA, mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti kI niSThuratA evaM ThagAI, IrSyAvRtti, mAyApravRtti, krodha karanA, usake kAraNa netroM se aMgAra barasanA, bhukuTiyoM kA Ter3hA honA, bhISaNa rUpa banAnA, pasInA AnA, aMga pratyaMga kAMpanA Adi aneka prakAra ke raudradhyAna ke bAhya lakSaNa haiN| ___ Abhyantara raudradhyAna ke lakSaNa - mana, vacana, kAya se dUsare kA hamezA burA socanA, dUsare kI bar3hatI evaM pragati ko dekhakara satat mana meM jalanA, du:khI ko dekhakara Anandita honA, guNI janoM ko dekhakara IrSA karanA, ihaloka-paraloka ke bhaya se beparavAha rahanA, pazcAttAparahita pravRtti honA, pApakArya se khuza rahanA, dharma se vimukha honA, kudeva, kuguru, kudharma meM zraddhA rakhanA Adi raudradhyAna ke Abhyantara lakSaNa haiM raudradhyAna : - 1. jJAnArNava, 24/27-32. dhyAnazataka, gAthA 24. 2. jJAnArNava, 24/35-36 147

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guNasthAna evaM svAmI - yaha raudradhyAna avirata aura dezavirata guNasthAna vAle jIvoM ke hotA hai| yaha dhyAna chaThe guNasthAna ke pahale pA~ca guNasthAnoM meM hotA hai| pramattasaMyatAdi guNasthAnoM meM nahIM hotA / kevala mithyASTiyoM se paMcama guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM ke hI hotA hai| sarvavirata muni ko yaha raudradhyAna isalie nahIM hotA kyoMki ve hiMsAdi pApoM se mana, vacana, kAya se pratijJAbaddha hokara sarvathA virata haiN| vaha kabhI pramAda ke kAraNa ArtadhyAnI to ho sakate haiM lekina raudradhyAnI nhiiN| mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ko to sacce tattva evaM zraddhA kA patA nahIM hotA isalie vaha isa raudradhyAna meM pha~sa jAtA hai| vaise yaha dhyAna kisI ke bhI ho parantu yaha prazaMsanIya nahIM hotA, arthAt sarvathA tyAgane yogya hI hotA hai|' raudradhyAna aura lezyA va bhAva - yaha raudradhyAna atyanta azubha hai| isameM kApota, nIla evaM kRSNa ye tIna azubha lezyAe~ huA karatI haiN| yaha raudradhyAna khoTI vastuoM para hI hotA hai| isa dhyAna meM tInoM azubha lezyAe~ apane prabhAvakArI rUpa meM sthita rahatI haiN| raudradhyAna kA phala - raudradhyAna sAmAnya taura se saMsAra kI vRddhi karane vAlA hai aura khAsa taura se narakagati ke pApoM ko utpanna karane vAlA hai| yaha dhyAna narakagati kI jar3a hai| atyanta duHkha aura santApa se bhare hue naraka meM aneka sAgara paryanta DAle rakhanA isakA phala hai / utkRSTa duHkhoM ko dene vAlI gati narakagati kahalAtI hai| raudradhyAna meM tIvra saMkleza hI hotA hai, isase unase bA~dhe jAne vAle sAnubandha karma dvArA bhava paramparA kA sarjana honA, saMsAra kI vRddhi honA hI svAbhAvika hai| isase vyakti saMsAra ke bandhana meM par3a jAtA hai aura naraka ko prApta karatA hai| yaha dhyAna atizaya kaThina phala vAlA hai, tIvra duHkha hI isa raudradhyAna kA phala mAnA gayA hai| prANiyoM ke anAdikAlIna dRDha saMskAroM se ye duSTa dhyAna pratisamaya prayatna ke 1. jJAnArNava, 26/36. mahApurANa, 21/43. cAritrasAra, 171/1. dhyAnazataka, 23. dravyasaMgraha TIkA pR. 201. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/35/448. mUlAcAra pradIpa, 6/2038. mahApurANa 21/44. 2. mahApurANa, 21/44. jJAnArNava, 26/36-44. mUlAcAra pradIpa 6/2035-6. dhyAnazataka 24. cAritrasAra, 170/5. 148

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binA hI svayaM huA karate haiN| he dhIra! nindanIya ye donoM dhyAna aneka prakAra ke svarUpa se saMyukta aura pApa rUpa vRkSa kI jar3a hote hue atizaya kaDuve phaloM se vyApta haiN| yadi tU mokSamArga meM pravRtta huA hai to unake uparyukta svarUpa kA bhalIbhA~ti vicAra karake unheM zIghra hI chor3a de| kisI bhI mahAn kArya ko karane ke lie jahA~ usake sAdhaka nimittoM ko juTAnA hotA hai, usI prakAra usake bAdhaka kAraNoM ko bhI haTAnA hogA / bAdhaka ke haTane aura sAdhaka ke juTane se kArya kI saphalatA avazyaMbhAvI ho jAtI hai| dharmyadhyAna kA svarUpa - vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| "dharmAdanapetaM dharmam''2 dharma se yukta dhyAna ko dharmyadhyAna kahate haiN| jisase dharma kA parijJAna hotA hai vaha dharmyadhyAna kA lakSaNa samajhanA caahie|' ____ jahA~ manovRtti yA cintana kI ekAgratA una viSayoM para TikI hotI hai, jinakA dharma se sambandha hai jo niravadya haiM - pavitra haiM, vaha dharmyadhyAna hai| yaha ekAgratA prazasta yA zubha rUpa hai| isameM jyoM-jyoM bhAvoM kI nirmalatA vRddhiMgata hotI hai, AtmA ke karmabandhana zithila hote jAte haiN| yaha dhyAna puNyAtmakatA lie hue hai| dharmyadhyAna ke bheda - nayadRSTi se dhyAna do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai - 1. sAlambana aura 2. nirAlambana / sAlambana arthAt isameM kisI vastu kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| sAlambana dhyAna bhedAtmaka rUpa meM hotA hai aura usameM dhyAna aura dhyeya ko alaga-alaga mAnA gayA hai| Alambana ke anusAra dharmyadhyAna ko cAra prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| jaina yoga paramparA meM lagabhaga sabhI AcAryoM ne ekamata se dharmyadhyAna ke cAra bheda hI svIkAra kiye haiN| isI paramparAnusAra AcArya zubhacandra ne bhI dharmyadhyAna ke cAra bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| citta kI ekAgratA ke sAtha dharmyadhyAna ke cAra prakAroM kA cintana karanA caahie| jinake nAma nimnAnusAra haiM - 1. AjJAvicaya dharmyadhyAna, . 2. apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna 1. iti vigatakalaGkarvarNitaM citrarUpaM, duritakuruhakandanindyaduAnayugmam / kaTukataraphalADhyaM samyagAlocya dhIra! tyaja sapadi yadi tvaM mokSamArge prvRttH|| - jJAnArNava, 24/39. 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 351. . 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1709. 149

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3. vipAkavicaya dharmyadhyAna 4. saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna inake alAvA anya bhedoM meM jinakI pramukhatayA gaNanA hotI hai ve haiM dasa bhed| dharmyadhyAna ke dasa bhedoM kA kathana to sarvaprathama munipratikramaNa pATha meM upalabdha hotA hai| kintu vahA~ unake nAmoM kA spaSTollekha nahIM hai| pratikramaNapATha ke saMskRta TIkAkAra AcArya prabhAcandra bAda meM avazya hI unake nAmoM ko ginAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| AcArya jinasena ne apane harivaMzapurANa meM ina bhedoM ke viSaya meM savistAra vivecana kiyA hai tathA / inake nAma nimnata: batalAe~ haiM - 1. apAyavicaya, 2. upAyavicaya. 3. jIvavicaya, 4. ajIvavicaya, 5. vipAkavicaya, 6. virAgavicaya, 7. bhavavicaya, 8. saMsthAnavicaya, 9. AjJAvicaya aura 10. hetuvicy| ina bhedoM ke vistAra kI yahA~ AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ata: inako yahA~ virAma dete hue cAra bhedoM ke viSaya meM hI vivecana karanA ucita hogaa| 1. AjJAvicaya dharmyadhyAna - AjJA zabda se Agama, siddhAnta yA jinavacana kA artha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| ye tInoM hI ekArthavAcI nAma haiN| isalie~ sarvajJa praNIta Agama ko pramANa mAnakara, usa para pUrNa zraddhA rakhakara, usameM pratipAdita naya, pramANa, nikSepa sAta bhaMga.naupaDhArtha paoNca astikAya athavA SaTa Dhavya chaha jIvanikAya e AjJAgrAhya jitane bhI padArtha haiM unakA nirantara cintana karanA AjJAvicayaM dharmyadhyAna hai| . vItarAga prarUpita tattvoM meM se koI yadi kabhI buddhigamya nahIM hotA hai to use "vItarAga praNIta vacana satya evaM tathyapUrNa haiM' aisA mAnakara cintavana krnaa| kyoMki unhoMne rAgadeSa-moha para pUrNata: vijaya prApta kara lI hai ata: unake vacana kadApi anyathA nahIM ho sakate / apitu hamArI hI mati kI durbalatA, neya kI gahanatA, jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kI tIvratA tathA hetu aura udAharaNa saMbhava na hone ke kAraNa se vaha buddhigamya nahIM ho rahA hai| ata: usake viSaya meM aisA vicAra karanA - "jinavacana hI satya hai, sunipuNa hai, anAdinidhana hai, jagat ke jIvoM kA hita karane vAlA hai, amUlya hai, amita hai, amRta hai, ananta arthagarbhita hai, niravadya hai, anipuNajanoM ke lie durjeya hai, naya evaM pramANa se grahaNa karane yogya hai|" isa prakAra jinavacanoM kA cintana, nididhyAsana evaM manana karanA, usameM saMdeha na karanA naM sanya 1. munipratikramaNatrayI, pR.10. 2. vahI, pR. 188. 3. harivaMzapurANa, 56/38-50. 150

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hI AjJAvicaya dharmyadhyAna hai|' Agama ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - 1. arthasamUha rUpa tathA 2. zabdasamUha rUpa / zabdasamUha rUpa Agama gaNadhara praNIta hai, jabaki arthasamUha Agama sarvajJapraNIta hotA hai| sarvajJapraNIta kathana ko hI gaNadhara ne naya evaM pramANoM ke anukUla nibaddha kiyA hai| isalie naya aura pramANa ke svarUpa ko samajhe binA sarvajJa kI dezanA ko AtmasAt kara pAnA zakya nahIM hotaa| __ naya aura pramANa kA svarUpa - pramANa se paricchinna anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke eka aMza ko grahaNa karane vAle (dUsare aMzoM kA pratiSedha kiye binA) adhyavasAya vizeSa ko naya kahA jAtA hai| pratyeka padArtha ananta dharmAtmaka hotA hai / pramANa padArtha ko anantadharmAtmaka siddha karatA hai, jabaki naya padArtha ke anantadharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ko grahaNa karatA hai| naya avaziSTa anya dharmoM kA nirasana nahIM krtaa| jaise samudra kA ekadeza yA ekAMza samudra nahIM kahA jAtA, vaise hI nayoM ko pramANa yA apramANa bhI nahIM kahA jAtA sktaa| pratyeka vastu meM mukhyata: do aMza hote haiM - 1. dravya aura 2. paryAya / vastu ko dravyarUpa se jAnane vAle naya ko dravyArthika naya aura vastu ko paryAyarUpa se jAnane vAle naya ko paryAyArthika naya kahate haiN| paryAyArthika naya pratikSaNa utpAda-vinAza svabhAva vAlA hai, jabaki dravyArthikanaya sthira svabhAva vAlA hai| - ina donoM nayoM ke avAntara bheda bhI Agama meM prarUpita hue haiN| jaise - dravyArthika naya ke tIna bheda haiM - 1. naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra tathA paryAyArthika naya ke RjusUtra, zabda, samabhiruDha va evaMbhUta ke rUpa meM cAra bheda haiN| ina donoM nayoM ke bhI aneka paryAyavAcI nAma upalabdha hote haiN| jaise - paryAyArthika naya ke lie vyavahAra, azuddha, asatyArtha, aparamArtha, abhUtArtha, parAlaMbI, parAzrita, parataMtra, nimittAdhIna, kSaNika, utpannadhvaMsI, bheda evaM paralakSI aadi| tathA dravyArthika naya ke lie nizcaya, zuddha, satyArtha, paramArtha, bhUtArtha, svAvalaMbI, svAzrita, svatantra, svAbhAvika, trikAlavI, dhruva, abheda aura svalakSI Adi nAma abhihita hote haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki nayoM kI prarUpaNA zAstrIya aura AdhyAtmika do rUpoM meM kI gaI hai| zAstrIya prarUpaNA meM inheM jahA~ dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, vahIM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se inheM nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke nAma 1. dhavalA, 5, pR. 70. yogazAstra, 10/9. dhyAnazataka, 45-6. jJAnArNava, 32/1. ' Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 192. 151

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se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| sva aura para ko nizcita rUpa se jAnane vAlA jJAna pramANa kahalAtA hai| yahA~ 'sva' kA artha hai jJAnAtmaka tathA 'para' kA artha hai ghaTAdi bhinna padArtha / arthAt jo jJAna apane svarUpa ko tathA ghaTa-paTAdi padArthoM ko samyak prakAra se jAnatA hai, vahI pramANa kahalAtA 2. apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna - apAya kA artha hai doSa athavA durguNa / jisa dhyAna meM vidvajjana upAyapUrvaka hetu ke anveSaNa ke sAtha - karmoM ke vinAza kA vicAra karate haiM use buddhimAna gaNadharAdi apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna kahate haiN| isameM rAgAdikriyA, kaSAyakriyA, mithyAtvAdi AsravakriyA, hiMsAdikriyA evaM vikathA, parISaha Adi se isa loka va paraloka meM utpanna anartha kaise haiM ? ina kriyAoM ke karane se jIva dIrghakAlIna Adhi, vyAdhi, upAdhi ko prApta karake saMsAra vRddhi karatA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne apAyonmukhI cintanadhArA kA vivecana karate hue spaSTa kiyA hai - "sarva jJAtA zrI jinezvara deva dArA nirdezita jJAna, darzana aura cAritra rUparatnatrayAtmaka mArga ko na pAkara, usakA avalambana na kara isa saMsAra rUpI bIhar3a vana meM aneka prANI bhaTaka rahe haiN| ve abhAge prANI jinezvara prabhu rUpajahAja kA Azraya na pAne ke kAraNa saMsAra rUpI sAgara meM sadA DUbate-utarAte rahate haiN|''4 rAga, dveSa, krodhAdi kaSAya tathA mithyAtvAdi ye saba doSoM ke antargata Ate haiN| sAdhaka inase chUTane kA prayatna karatA hai, aisA cintana karanA hI apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai| jIva ke jo zubhAzubha bhAva hote haiM unakA cintana karanA bhI apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna kahalAtA hai| AdipurANa meM 'apAya' ko abhAva kahA gayA hai arthAt mithyAdRSTiyoM ke mArga ke abhAva kA vicAra karanA apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai| eka vicAradhArA ke anusAra isa dhyAna meM aisA bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki 'mana, vacana, kAya ina tInoM kI pravRtti yoga hai aura yoga se saMsAra kA vardhana hotA hai ata: ina pravRttiyoM se kaise chuTakArA pAyA jA sakatA hai, isa prakAra kA vicAra apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna 1. tattvArthasUtra, 1/33. jainatarkabhASA, nayapari., pR. 21. sanmatitarka, 1/3-5 Adi kundakundabhAratI, prastAvanA, pR. 10-6. 2. pramANanayatattvAloka, 1/2. 3. jJAnArNava, 31/1. 4. jJAnArNava, 31/2-3. 5. dhyAnazataka, 50. 6. mUlAcArapradIpa, 6/2046-7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1707. . 152

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hai|' athavA rAgadveSa se lipta prANI duHkha yA kaSTa pUrNa janma-maraNa ke cakra se kaise mukta ho, aisA cintana karanA apAyavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai|' 3. vipAkavicaya dharmyadhyAna - vipAka kA artha paripAka yA phala hai| Asrava AtmA meM karma Ane kA mAdhyama hai| yaha sarovara ke usa nAle jaisA hai jisameM se pAnI . A-Akara sarovara meM ekatra hotA hai| AtmA ko AvRtta karane vAle karma AtmA ke pariNAma, adhyavasAya yA bhAva aura udyama ke anurUpa bhinnatA lie hote haiN| ataeva unakA sukhada, du:khada Adi bhinna-bhinna sthitiyoM meM aura bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM udaya hotA hai| isa dhyAna kA sAdhaka yahI vicAra karatA hai ki karma kA udaya dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA Azraya pAkara zubha aura azubha rUpa phala detA hai| karmoM kI isa vicitratA para vicAra karate hae usakI prakriyA para cintana karanA vipAkavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai| karmoM ke vipAka se tAtparya udaya, udIraNA, saMkramaNa, bandha aura mokSa ina sabhI ko jAnanA caahieN| SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra karma prakRti, sthiti, anubhAva aura pradeza ke bheda se cAra bheda vAlA hai| aise karmoM ke vipAka kA cintana karanA vipAkavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai|' prANiyoM ke karmoM kA samUha nizcita dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se apane nAmAnurupa phala ko detA hai| jisase yaha prANI puSpamAlA, sundara zayyA, Asana, yAna, vastra, strI, mitra, putrAdi ko tathA kapUra, aguru, candramA, candana, vanakrIr3A, parvata, mahala, dhvajAdika, pakSI, nagarI aura khAne yogya annAdi vastusamUha ko pAkara sukha ko bhogate haiM tathA saba RtuoM meM sukha dene vAle ramaNIya kAmabhoga ke sthAna kSetroM ko pAkara atizaya sukha kA anubhava karatA hai tathA kucha prANI saMsAra ke mArga meM calate hue prAsa- bhAle, asi- talavAra, kSura-chure, yantra, bandUka Adi astra, sarpa, agni, ugra graha, zIrNa - sar3e hue durgandhita aMga, kRmi-kIr3e, kA~Te, raja, kSAra, asthi, kIcar3a, pASANa, bandIgRha, sAMkala, kIle, hathakar3I, nirdaya zatru ityAdi aneka prakAra ke padArthoM ko prApta kara ghora duHkha pAte haiN| . uparyukta donoM sukhAtmaka evaM duHkhAtmaka paristhitiyoM ke mUla hetu ke ucchinna karane ke lie udyata hote hue unake vipAka kA cintana karanA vipAkavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai aura aisA karane se karmoM se svAtantrya prApta hotA hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA anubhAga, jo ki guDa, khANDa, mizrI aura amRta tathA nIma, kAMjI, viSa aura halAhala Adi ke samAna zubhAzubha phala hotA hai, kA vicAra bhI 1. AdipurANa, 21/141-2. 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 1/4 pR. 11. 3. dhavalA, 13, pR. 41. '4. jJAnArNava, 35/1-5 AdipurANa, 21/142-5. . 153

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vipAkavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai|' karmaphala viSayaka yaha cintana AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA ubdodhaka hai| cintana kI anavaratatA mana meM eka aisI viveka jyoti jAgrata karatI hai, jisase karmAvRtta AtmA aura zuddha AtmA kA bheda anubhUti kA viSaya banane lagatA hai| jisase AtmaparAkrama jAgrata hotA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhaka kI gati apanI maMjila kI dizA meM anukUla aura satvara hotI hai| 4. saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna - 'saMsthAna' kA abhiprAya AkAra se hai| isa dhyAna meM Urdhva, madhya aura adholoka kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| ina tInoM lokoM kA saMsthAna, pramANa aura inameM rahane vAle jIvAjIva padArtho kA AkAra, Asana, bheda, mAna, Ayu Adi kA cintana saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai| yaha loka kramaza: vetrAsana, jhallarI aura mRdaMga ke samAna AkArarUpa urdhva madhyama aura adholoka ke bheda se vibhAjita hai| inakA vicAra karanA saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna sAmAnyatayA sabhI AcAryoM ne uparyukta vicArAtmaka hI saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna kA lakSaNa nirdhArita kiyA hai| kintu zAstrasArasamuccaya ke anusAra "anityAdi bAraha bhAvanAoM kA vicAra karanA bhI saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna hai|'' yadyapi yaha koI ekameva : mata nahIM hai apitu isa mata kA samarthana bhI aneka granthoM se hotA hai| kAraNa, isa prakAra kA cintana karane se sAdhaka ko anityAdi paryAyoM kI yathArthatA avabhAsita hone para vairAgya kI bhAvanA prazasta evaM sudRr3ha hotI hai| jJAnArNava ke kartA AcArya zubhacandra ne saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna ko spaSTa karane hetu loka kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA, jise vahA~ se hI dekha lenA caahie| usameM kiJcit nidarzanArtha hI yahA~ prastuta hai - 'avidyA, ajJAnapUrNa citta se viSayoM meM aMdhA banate hue maiMne carAcara, calanazIla sthitizIla prANiyoM kI hatyAeM kii| dUsaroM kA dhana harane meM, AmiSa bhojana meM, parastrI meM Asakti meM, aneka vyasanoM meM aura utpIr3ana meM raudradhyAna pUrNa samaya vyatIta kiyaa| usI kA aba yaha phala hai ki ananta yAtanAmaya naraka rUpI samudra meM paidA huA huuN|'5 1. prAkRtapaMcasaMgraha, 4/487. 2. tiloyapaNNattI, 1/137-8. 3. zAstrasArasamuccaya, pR. 288. 4. jJAnArNava, 36/3-185. 5. vahI, 36/34-6 154

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isI prakAra apanI duHkhapUrNa sthiti kA vicAra karatA huA socatA hai - 'maiM kyA karU~, kahA~ jAU~, dUSita karmapuMja mere sAmane haiM, jise mujhe bhoganA hogA, maiM kisakI zaraNa lU~ ? maiM abhAgA hU~ - bhAgyahIna huuN|'' AcArya zubhacandra ne nArakIya yAtanAoM kA jo bhAvapUrNa varNana kiyA hai vaha hRdaya ko kaMpA detA hai| dhyAtA ke mana meM yaha bhAva udita hotA hai ki isa prakAra ke karma aba mujhase kabhI na bana par3e, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa aisI asahya vedanA sahana karanA pdd'e| adholoka ke varNana ke bAda granthakArane madhyaloka kA varNana kiyA hai - 'adholoka ke Upara jhallarI-jhAlara yA bajAne ke ghaNTe ke samAna golAkAra madhyaloka hai| usameM gola valayoM - kaMkaNoM ke tulya asaMkhyAta dIpasamudra haiN| vividha dIpa-samudroM ke antargata aDhAI dIpa aura jambUdIpa Adi haiM, jinameM manuSya kSetra AryakhaNDa aura mlecchakhaNDa Adi ___ isI taraha devaloka kA bhI vistAra se varNana granthakAra ne kiyA hai| usameM rahane vAle devoM, unake bhavanoM, pArSadoM, paricArakoM Adi kA varNana bhI yatheSTa vistRta huA hai| bhautikadRSTi se sukha kI jo sarvotkRSTa kalpanA ho sakatI hai usakA saMpUrNa vaibhava ke sAtha dRzyamAna kathana yahA~ huA hai| yathA - "devaloka meM prAvRTa, zIta aura grISma ye Rtue~ nahIM hotii| sadA eka-sI hI Rtu rahatI hai, jisameM na sardI hotI hai, na garmI aura na varSA / vahA~ utpAta, bhaya evaM saMtApAdi dRSTigocara hI nahIM hote| vahA~ na koI dIna hai, na dukhita, na koI vRddha hai, na rugNa, na vikalAMga hai, na kAMtihIna / devoM ke paricAraka, bandIjana, stutigAyaka tathA aMgarakSaka deva haiM, vilAsinI nartakiyA~ - apsarAe~ haiM, jahA~ jIvanaparyantabhogamaya saundarya-vilAsa evaM vaibhavopabhoga hotA rahatA hai|''3 AcArya zubhacandra kA kathana hai ki - 'yadyapi yaha loka kevalajJAna ke gocara arthAt sarvajJagamya hI hai| kintu yogI loga saMsthAnavicaya dharmyadhyAna ke samaya sAmAnyata: isa samasta loka kA athavA isake bhinna-bhinna aMzoM kA apanI zakti ke anusAra cintana kareM aura isake anantara apane zarIragata puruSAkAra - AtmA kA, samagra karma se rahita atyanta zuddha svarUpa kA cintana kreN|' AgamoM ke uttaravartI sAhitya meM dhyAna ke catuSTaya kA dUsarA vargIkaraNa bhI upalabdha hotA hai| kisI bhI sAdhaka kA dhyAna ekAeka nirAlamba vastu meM sthira nahIM ho sakatA, 1. vahI, 36/42. 2. jJAnArNava, 36/79-80. 3. vahI, 33/89-92. 4. vahI, 33/178-9. 155

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isalie sthUla evaM indriyagocara padArthoM se sUkSma indriyoM ke agocara padArthoM kA cintavana karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| agrata: kiye jAne vAle dhyAna ke bheda dhyeya - dhyAna ke viSaya kI apekSA hote haiN| jinake nAma haiM - 1. piNDastha, 2. padastha, 3. rUpastha aura 4. rUpAtIta / ina bhedoM ke sambandha meM katipaya matabheda dRSTigocara hotA hai, kyoMki isa vargIkaraNa kA varNana prAcIna sAhitya jaise mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, tattvArthasUtra, sthAnAMga, harivaMzapurANa aura AdipurANa Adi meM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| aba taka bhI inake prathama srota kA spaSTa ullekha nirdhArita nahIM ho sakA hai, vikrama kI dasavIM zatI meM hone vAle devasena ke bhAvasaMgraha meM sarvaprathama ullekha hai|' jJAnasAra evaM yogasAra meM bhI ina bhedoM kA ullekha huA hai parantu jJAnasAra meM jahA~ inake tIna hI bhedoM - piNDastha, padastha aura rUpastha kA varNana kiyA hai, vahIM yogasAra meM mAtra inake nAmoM kA ullekha hai| AcArya vasunandI ne jJAnArNava kI taraha cAroM hI bhedoM kA vivecana vistAra se kiyA hai| isake alAvA bhI katipaya granthoM meM ina bhedoM kA vivaraNa yA nAmollekha milatA hai kintu vahA~ yA to inake nAmoM meM parivartana huA yA phira krama kA parivartana dRSTigocara hotA hai| yathA - navacakrezvaratantrazAstra meM inake nAma piNDa, pada, rUpa aura rUpAtIta diye 1. piNDasthadhyAna - ___ 'piNDasthaM svAtmacintanam' arthAt Atma svarUpa yA nijAtmA kA cintavana karanA hI piNDastha dhyAna hai| piNDa arthAt zarIra aura usa zarIra meM rahane vAlI AtmA kA cintana piNDastha dhyAna ke antargata hotA hai| bhAvasaMgraha meM AcArya devasena ne isakA lakSaNa karate hae kahA hai 'zarIra meM acche guNa vAle AtmapradezoM ke samUha kA cintana karanA piNDastha dhyAna hai|' jabaki jJAnasAra meM apane nAbhi ke madhya sthita arahanta ke svarUpa ke vicAra karane ko piNDastha dhyAna batalAyA gayA hai| eka anya paribhASA ke anusAra isakA svarUpa hai - 'zveta kiraNoM se 1. dhyAnazataka, prastAvanA, pR. 18. bhAvasaMgraha, gAthA 619. 2. jJAnasAra, 18-28. yogasAra, 98. 3. piNDaM, padaM tathA rUpaM, rUpAtItaM catuSTayam / yo vA samyag vijAnAti, sa guru: prikiirtitH|| 4. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 48/205. 5. bhAvasaMgraha, gAthA 622. ___6. jJAnasAra, 19-20 156

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pRthvIdhAraNA

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jJAnAvaraNa vedanIya darzanAvaraNa Ayu, mohanIya nAma aMtarAya gotra. AyA agnidhAraNA

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svAyeM svAyeM GI yasvAya svAyeM svAyeM svAyeM svAyeM svAyeM svAyeM svAya svAya svAya svAya svAyeM svAyeM vAyudhAraNA

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jaladhAraNA jaladhAraNA

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maiM eka (akelA) huuN| maiM caitanyamayaha maiM anaMta jJAnasvarUpI huuN|+ +maiM nizcaya se zuddha huuN| maiM anaMta darzanasvarUpI huuN| +maiM anaMta sukhasvarUpI huuN| maiM arUpI huuN| -maiM anaMtavIryasvarUpI haiN| maiM para sambandha se rahita haiN| maiM AnaMda kA bhaNDAra huuN| tattva rUpavatI dhAraNA

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visphurita hote hue evaM aSTa mahAprAtihAryoM se parivRta jo nijarUpa hai usakA dhyAna piNDastha dhyAna hai|' jJAnArNava meM isa dhyAna kA suvistRta varNana huA hai| isakA nirdeza karate hue isake pA~ca avAntara bhedoM kA bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai| jinake nAma haiM - 1. pArthivIdhAraNA, 2. AgneyIdhAraNA, 3. zvasanAdhAraNA, 4. vAruNIdhAraNA tathA 5. tttvruupvtiidhaarnnaa| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI apane yogazAstra meM inhIM pA~coM dhAraNAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai|' ___ tattvAnuzAsana meM bhI ina pA~ca meM se tIna dhAraNAoM kA vivecana milatA hai| vahA~ zvasanA, AgneyI aura vAruNI ke hI nAmAntara mArutI, tejasI aura ApyA upalabdha hote haiN| inake vivecanoM kA gahana adhyayana karane se pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya zubhacandra ne saMbhavata: tattvAnuzAsana se hI ina dhAraNAoM ko vistAra diyA hai| vahA~ kI tIna dhAraNAoM meM pArthivI aura tattvarUpavatI ina do dhAraNAoM ko milAkara apane cintana aura anubhava ko samyak abhivyakti pradAna kI hai| ___ pArthivIdhAraNA - kisI bhI Asana se baiThakara sAdhaka pArthivI dhAraNA kA cintana kara sakatA hai| vaha merudaNDa ko sIdhA karake nAsikA ke agrabhAga para dRSTi ko jamAkara dhyAna karatA hai ki madhyaloka ke barAbara ni:zabda kallola rahita tathA hAra aura barpha ke samAna sapheda samudra hai, usameM jambUdIpa ke barAbara eka lAkha yojana vAlA tathA hajAra paMkhur3I vAlA kamala hai, jo sone ke samAna pIlA hai aura usake madhya meM kezara hai jo bahuta adhika mAtrA meM suzobhita evaM surabhita ho rahI hai| una kezaroM meM sphurAyamAna karane vAlI dedIpyamAna prabhA se yukta suvarNAcala ke samAna eka U~cI karNikA hai, usa karNikA para candramA ke samAna zveta raMga kA eka U~cA siMhAsana hai aura usa siMhAsana para merI virAjamAna hai| sAtha-hI-sAtha yaha bhI vicAra kare ki merI AtmA rAgadveSAdi se rahita hai aura samasta karmoM kA kSaya karane meM samartha hai| ina bar3I vastuoM kA dhyAna karane ke bAda sUkSma vastuoM para dhyAna kendrita karane se samasta cintAoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| AgneyIdhAraNA - pArthivIdhAraNA ke pazcAt sAdhaka AgneyI dhAraNA kI sAdhanA karatA hai| isa dhAraNA meM sAdhaka aisA cintana karatA hai ki 'mere nAbhimaNDala meM solaha pAMkhur3iyoM se suzobhita eka manohara kamala hai| jina para kramaza: a, A, i, I ityAdi solaha bIjAkSara aMkita haiN| usa kamala kI karNikA para "ha" mahAmantra likhA huA hai| isa mahAmantra ke haiM ke repha se dhIre-dhIre dhuA~ kI zikhA nikala rahI hai| usake pazcAt agni ke mA 1. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 459. 2. jJAnArNava, 37/3. 3. yogazAstra, 7/9. 1. tattvAnuzAsana, 183. 5. jJAnArNava, 37/4-9. yogazAstra 7/10-12 157

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sphuliMga nikala rahe haiN| ye paMktibaddha cinagAriyA~ kramaza: zanai:-zanai: agni kI jvAlA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho rahI haiM aura phira vaha agni pracaNDa rUpa dhAraNakara letI hai jisase hRdayastha kamala dagdha ho jAtA hai| jisa karma cakra ko repha kI agni jalAtI hai vaha hRdayastha kamala adhomukha vAlA aura ATha patroM kA hotA hai| isake AThoM patroM para kramaza: jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya nAmaka karma AtmA ko ghere hue haiN| isa kamala ke AThoM daloM ko kumbhaka pavana ke bala se kholakara phailAkara ukta "hU~''bIjAkSara ke repha se utpanna huI prabala agni se bhasma kiyA jAtA hai| yaha agni mastaka taka pahu~ca jAtI hai aura vahA~ se agni kI eka lakIra bAI ora nIce aura dUsarI dAIM ora nIce kI tarapha usa sAdhaka ke Asana taka pahu~ca jAtI hai tathA Asana ke AdhAra para calakara dUsare se mila jAtI hai aura isa prakAra se eka trikoNa kI AkRti nirmita ho jAtI hai| vaha agnimaNDala "rarararara'' aise bIja akSaroM se vyApta hai| tathA usake anta meM svastika cihna hai| yaha agni dhUma se rahita evaM atyadhika dedIpyamAna hai aura apanI jvAlAoM ke samUha se nAbhi meM sthita kamala aura zarIra ko bhasma karake jalAne yogya padArtha ke na rahane para apane Apa zAnta ho jAtI hai|'' __ mArutIdhAraNA - AgneyI dhAraNA vdArA zarIra aura dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI samUla rAkha DherI ho gaI to usako bhI kisa prakAra se apane se pRthak kre| isalie sAdhaka vAyu dhAraNA kA cintavana karatA hai| vaha vicAratA hai ki AkAza meM eka pracaNDa vAyu uThI hai| vaha itanI vegavAn hai ki meru parvata ko bhI kampita kara rahI hai aura devoM kI senA ke samUhoM ko calAyamAna kara rahI hai evaM meghoM ke samUha kA vighaTana karatI huI tejI se baha rahI hai| usa vAyu ne sAgara ko bhI kSubhita kara diyA hai, dhIre-dhIre vaha vAyu tIvra gati se dasoM dizAoM meM phaila rahI hai, pRthvItala ko vidIrNa karake bhItara praveza kara rahI hai, aura AgneyI dhAraNA vdArA bhasma haI rAkha ko saMcita karake apane vega se ur3Akara le jA rahI hai, yahA~ taka ki usane kSaNamAtra meM hI vizAla bhasma rAzi ko ur3A diyA hai| aba mAtra AtmA hI raha jAtI hai aura yaha vAyudhIre-dhIre apane Apa zAnta ho jAtI hai yahI cintana karanA mArutI dhAraNA hai| vAruNIdhAraNA - mArutIdhAraNA se sAdhaka kI bhasma ur3a jAtI hai kintu chAyA raha jAtI hai usake lie vaha vAruNI dhAraNA kA cintana karatA hai| vaha socatA hai ki AkAza kAle-kAle bAdaloM se AcchAdita hai evaM cAroM ora ghanaghora ghaTAe~ ghirI huI haiM, bijalI 1. jJAnArNava, 37/10-17. 2. vahI, 37/20-23 158

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camaka rahI hai evaM indradhanuSa dikhAI de rahA hai| bIca-bIca meM hone vAlI garjanAoM se dizAe~ kampita ho rahI haiM evaM una bAdaloM se nikalane vAlI jala kI amRta ke samAna svaccha dhArAoM se AkAza vyApta ho gayA hai| ye jala kI dhArAyeM hamAre Upara giratI haiM aura rAkha ke Dhera kI chApa ko bilkula dhokara svaccha kara diyA hai aura merI AtmA sphaTikamaNi ke samAna svaccha evaM nirmala ho gaI hai, aisA cintana karanA hI vAruNI dhAraNA hai|' tattvarUpavatIdhAraNA - isa dhAraNA meM sAdhaka aisA cintana karatA hai ki merI AtmA saptadhAtu se rahita aura pUrNa candramA ke samAna ujjvala evaM nirmala hai| merI AtmA sarvajJa hai, atizaya yukta siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hai aura indra, dharaNendra, dAnavendra, narendra Adi se pUjita hai| mere samasta AThoM karma naSTa ho gaye haiM aura karmarahita maiM puruSAkAra hU~ evaM jJAnamAtra hI merA zarIra hai| aisA cintana karanA tattvarUpavatI dhAraNA hai| __ isa prakAra pA~coM dhAraNAoM se yukta piNDastha dhyAna kA abhyAsa karane vAle dhyAtA ko mantra, mAyA, zakti, jAdU Adi se koI kSati nahIM hotii| prathama dhAraNA se sAdhaka kA - mana sthira hotA hai, dUsarI dhAraNA se zarIrakarma ko naSTa karatA hai, tIsarI dhAraNA zarIra aura karma ke sambandhoM ko bhinna dekhane meM samartha banAtI hai, cauthI dhAraNA se zeSa karma ko naSTa karatA hai aura prA~cavI dhAraNA se zarIra evaM karma se rahita zuddha AtmA ko dekhatA hai| isa prakAra se vaha isa dhyAna ke abhyAsa se mana evaM citta ko ekAgra karake zukladhyAna meM pahu~cane kI sthiti prApta kara letA hai| - ina dhAraNAoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt AcArya zubhacandra ne likhA hai ki - jo yogI isa prakAra ina dhAraNAoM ke dvArA anavarata cintana karatA huA piNDastha dhyAna ko sAdha letA hai vaha acirakAla meM hI Ananda ko prApta kara letA hai, jo anya sAdhanoM se bhI prApta honA kaThina hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra meM bhI piNDasthadhyAna ke antargata dhyeya kI pA~ca dhAraNAoM kA varNana kiyA hai, jo ki jJAnArNava ke sadRza hI hai| donoM meM kahIM koI antara hai to vaha nAma mAtra kA hI hai| tIsarI dhAraNA kA nAma AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra zvasana hai to AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra maarutii| isI prakAra pA~cavI dhAraNA kA nAma jJAnArNava meM tattvarUpavatI hai to yogazAstra meM tattvabhU / donoM ke vivecana meM koI tAttvika antara dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| AcArya zubhacandra aura AcArya hemacandra ne piNDastha dhyAna ke prakaraNa meM jo ina 1. jJAnArNava, 37/25-27. 2. vahI, 37/28-30. 3. vahI, 37/31. 4. jJAnArNava, 37/4-30. yogazAstra, 7/9-25. 159

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dhAraNAoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai vaha unake pUrvavartI AcArya haribhadra ke yoga viSayaka , kisI bhI zAstra meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| phira inakA bhI mUla srota kahA~ hai, isa viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha kaha pAnA zakya nahIM hai| itanA avazya hai ki haThayoga ke granthoM meM isa sambandha meM milatA-julatA varNana avazya hai, kintu usakI vivecanA evaM abhiprAya spaSTata: bhinna hai| phira bhI yadi vahA~ se ise saMgRhIta kiyA gayA hai to usameM zramaNasaMskRti ke tattvoM kA samAveza avazya ho jAne se saMskArita ho gayA hai| jisase aba donoM ko eka rUpa meM pahacAna pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai|' gheraNDasaMhitA meM bhI mudrAoM ke prasaGga meM pA~ca dhAraNAoM kA vivecana huA hai| unake nAma kramaza: pArthivI, AmbhasI, AgneyI, vAyavI tathA AkAzI hI haiN| ina dhAraNAoM kA gheraNDa RSi ne atyadhika mahattva batAyA hai| ve likhate haiM - ina dhAraNAoM ke siddha ho jAne para vaha kauna sA kArya hai, jo siddha nahIM hotA ? ina dhAraNAoM ke siddha ho jAne para yogI kI gati mana ke sadRza ho jAtI hai| vaha khecaratva - AkAzagamana kI zakti se bhI sampanna ho / jAtA hai| AcArya zubhacandra aura AcArya hemacandra bdArA nirUpita dhAraNAoM ke sAtha gheraNDasaMhitA meM varNita dhAraNAoM kI tulanA kareM to yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ukta donoM AcAryoM ne jo dhAraNAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, vaha bar3A vizada aura sAragarbhita hai| pArthivI, AgneyI, vAyavya tathA vAruNIpiNDoM yA pratIkoM ko dhyAna kA viSaya banAkara inheM deha meM vibhinna kamala Adi pratIkoM ke sAtha jor3akara karmanAza kI jo prakriyA batalAI gaI hai vaha na kevala rocaka hai apitu bahuta mArmika bhI hai| kitanI sundara kalpanA hai - auMdhe muMha vAle hRdayastha kamala para sthApita ATha karmoM ko nAbhi kamala meM sthita mahAmantra se nikalane vAlI agni kI pracaNDa jvAlAe~ usa kamala tathA una karmoM ko dagdha kara rahI haiN| itanA hI nahIM bAhara parikalpita agnimaNDala se nikalane vAlI agni kI bhISaNa jvAlAe~ bhI ATha karmoM, kamala aura zarIra ko dagdha karatI haiN| saba jalakara rAkha bana jAte haiN| AgneyI dhAraNA kA yaha kitanA sundara aura prabhAvaka rUpa hai| karmoM ne rAkha kA rUpa to le liyA kintu vaha bhI piNDa rUpa meM kahIM par3I hai| aisA kyoM rahe ? ata: vAyavIdhAraNA meM vaha sArI rAkha gagana maNDala meM bikheraDhIjAtI hai tathA vAruNI dhAraNA meM ise dho DAlA jAtA hai| karmoM kA avazeSa bhI nahIM bctaa| piNDastha dhyAna ke sAtha jur3I yaha dhAraNAtmaka cintana praNAlI sAdhaka ko karmoM ke apacaya kI dizA meM prerita karatI hai| jisa samaya yogI ina dhAraNAoM meM kI gaI pratIka kalpanAoM ke sAtha apane ko jor3a letA hai usa samaya usake citta se sabhI sAMsArika sthitiyA~ 1. gheraNDasaMhitA, 3/68. 2. vahI, 3/69 160

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haTa jAtI haiN| tAttvika dRSTi se usa samaya jo yogI kA dhyAna mUlaka adhyavasAya calatA hai usase karma zIghra hI jhar3ane lagate haiN| agni jisa prakAra ghAsa-pAta kASTha Adi ko jalA detI hai usI prakAra dhyAna kI tejomaya agni karmoM ko dagdha kara DAlatI hai| karmoM kA astitva vAsanAgata bhI kyoM raha jAya ? isilae jale hue karmoM kI rAkha taka ko ur3Akara prakSAlita kara haTA dene kI jo parikalpanA inameM hai vaha ni:saMdeha bar3Isundara aura vicitra hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina AcAryoM ne haThayoga meM varNita dhAraNAoM ko apane jJAna tathA urvara mastiSka dArA yaha nayA rUpa diyA hai| karma nirjaraNAtmaka AdhyAtmika udyama ko isa nUtana pariveza meM upasthApita kara AcArya zubhacandra aura AcArya hemacandra ne yoga ko eka naI dizA pradAna kI hai| 2. padasthadhyAna - "padyate gamyate vijJAyate artho yena tatpadaM pade tiSThatIti padastha:' / arthAt jisake dvArA artha kA jJAna ho vaha pada hai| su-mi Adi vibhaktiyA~ jisake anta meM hoM use bhI pada kahate haiM, jo dhyAna usameM sthita ho arthAt pada sambandhI dhyAna padastha dhyAna hai| "padasthaM mantravAkyasthaM" arthAt mantra vAkyoM meM jo sthita hai vaha padasthadhyAna hai| isa dhyAna kA mukhya Alambana zabda hai| isa dhyAna ke dvArA sAdhaka apane ko eka hI kendrabindu para kendrita karate hue mana ko anya viSayoM se parAbhUta kara letA hai aura kevala sUkSma vastu kA hI cintana karatA hai| jJAnArNava meM kahA gayA hai ki 'pavitra padoM kA Alambana lekara jo anuSThAna yA cintavana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha padastha dhyAna hai|' yahI bAta yogazAstra meM bhI kahI gaI hai - 'eka akSara Adi ko lekara aneka prakAra ke paMca parameSThI vAcaka mantra padoM kA uccAraNa jisa dhyAna meM kiyA jAtA hai vaha padastha dhyAna kahalAtA hai|' padastha dhyAna karane vAlA yogI sabase pahale varNamAtRkA kA dhyAna karatA hai kyoMki varNamAlA saba mantroM kI jananI hone ke kAraNa varNamAtRkA' kahalAtI hai| anAdi siddhAnta meM jo varNamAtRkA arthAt akArAdi svara aura kakArAdi vyaJjana haiM, unase hI zabdoM kI utpatti huI hai| padastha dhyAna ko bIjAkSara evaM padoM ke rUpa meM do prakAra se siddha kiyA jA * sakatA hai - 1. akSaradhyAna - isake antargata nAbhikamala, hRdayakamala aura mukhakamala se 1. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 48/205 2. jJAnArNava, 38/1. 3. yogazAstra, 8/1. 4. vasunandI zrAvakAcAra, 464.. 161

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zarIra ke ina tIna bhAgoM kI parikalpanA kI jAtI hai| isameM nAbhi kamala meM sAdhaka yaha cintavana karatA hai ki mere nAbhi kamala meM solaha dala vAlA eka kamala hai, jisakI pratyeka paMkhuDI para a, A, i, I, u, U, R, R, lu, la, e, ai, o, au, aM, a: ye solaha akSara likhe hue haiN| vaha ina vargoM para mana ko TikAtA hai, jisase usakA citta ekAgra ho jAtA hai aura jJAna tantuoM ke sakriya hone se buddhi kauzala jAgrata hotA hai| hRdaya kamala meM vaha socatA hai ki hRdaya sthala para caubIsa pA~khuDiyoM vAlA eka kamala hai| usa kamala ke madhya eka karNikA bhI hai ina caubIsa daloM evaM karNikA para ka,kha, ga, gha, Ga, ca, cha, ja, jha, Ja, Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ye paccIsa varNa likhe hue haiN| isa dhyAna se prajJAzakti jAgrata hotI hai| mukhakamala meM vaha dhyAna karatA hai ki mukhamaNDala ke Upara 8 patroM vAlA eka kamala banA huA hai| jisameM pratyeka patra para pradakSiNA krama se saMcAra karate hue ya, ra, la, va, za,Sa, sa, ha ye ATha varNa aMkita haiN| aisA dhyAna karane vAlA yogI abhrAnta hokara zrutajJAna ke sAgara kA pAragAmI ho jAtA hai| kamala ke pattoM aura usakI karNikA ke madhya meM anAdi siddha vargoM kA dhyAna karane vAlA yogI kucha hI samaya meM naSTa Adi viSaya sambandhI - gumI huI vastu kA jJAna karane vAlA ho jAtA hai| AcArya zubhacandra aura AcArya hemacandra dvArA varNita viSaya meM paryApta samAnatA hai| kvacidapi hI zAbdika antara dikhAI detA hai| isase adhika vividhatA ke darzana durlabha hote haiN| padasthadhyAna ke pratipAdana ke samaya AcArya zubhacandra ne mantrarAja NamokAra ke saMkSipta arthAt bIjAkSara rUpa evaM sampUrNa rUpa meM dhyAna karane kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| ve haiM bIjAkSara ke viSaya meM kahate haiM - . samagra mantroM ke adhIzvara, samasta tattvoM ke adhinAyaka, Adi-madhya tathA anta ke bheda se svara evaM vyaMjana se niSpanna, Upara tathA nIce repha yukta, hakAra yukta, candrabindu sahita yaha mantra; mantroM kA rAjA kahA gayA hai| svarNamaya kamala ke bIca meM karNikA para avasthita mala evaM kalaMkavarjita zarada Rtu ke candra kI kiraNoM ke samAna aura gaura varNa yukta AkAza meM gamana karate, dizAoM meM vyApta hote isa mantra kA jinezvara ke sadRza smaraNa kare, dhyAna kre| 1. jJAnArNava, 38/3. 3. vahI, 38/5. 2. vahI, 38/4. 4. vahI, 38/6 162

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mantra ke mahattva evaM phala ko nirdezita karate hue jJAnArNavakAra kahate haiM ki - 'yaha mantra mahezvara - mantrarAja jJAna ko bIja hai, jagat dArA vandanIya hai, janma rUpa agni ko zAnta karane ke lie megha hai| prajJAzIla puruSa isakA dhyAna kre|' 'jisane isa mantra kA eka bAra bhI uccAraNa kara liyA, hRdaya meM sthApita kara liyA usane mAno mokSamArga para Age bar3hane meM, apanI yAtrA meM pAtheya-saMbala prApta kara liyaa|' 'jaba yaha mantra muni ke hRdaya meM avasthita hotA hai, taba tatkAla janma - maraNa kA aMkura vizIrNa ho jAtA hai| isa mantra ke dhyAna karane kI vidhi ke viSaya meM Age granthakAra likhate haiM - 'dhairyazIla yogI kumbhaka prANAyAma dvArA ise bhauMhoM ke bIca meM sphurita hote hue, mukha kamala meM praviSTa hote hue, tAlurandhra se gamana karate hue, amRtabindu TapakAte hue, netra kI palakoM para praraMphurita hote hue kezoM para Tikate hue, grahamaNDala meM bhramaNa karate hue, candramA ke sAtha spardhA karate hue, dizAoM meM saMcaraNa karate hue AkAza meM ucchalita hote hue, kalaMka puMja ko chinna karate hue, saMsAra ke bhrama ko haTAte hue, paramasthAna - mokSa se yojita hue tathA mokSalakSmI se milAte hue isa mantra ke svarUpa kA cintana kre|'2 dhyAtA ke lie nirdeza karate hue AcArya zubhacandra kahate haiM ki - 'dhyAtA kisI anya kI zaraNa na letA haA isI meM apane mana ko isa prakAra tallIna kare ki svapna meM bhI vaha vahA~ se skhalita na ho| dhyAna ke isa vidhikrama ko jAnakara sAdhaka samasta avasthAoM meM nAsikA ke agrabhAga para yA bhUlatAoM ke madhya meM mana ko TikAe rhe|' . jisa taraha haM kA dhyAna karane kA nirdeza jJAnArNava meM diyA gayA hai usI taraha aneka bIjAkSaroM kI ArAdhanA kA kathana bhI kiyA hai| jaise hI yA OM aadi| OM ke viSaya meM paryApta vivecana vahA~ huA hai| isake dhyAna karane kI vidhi, phala evaM mahattva Adi kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| jaina paramparA hI nahIM, apitu vaidika saMskRti evaM zramaNasaMskRti donoM meM hI isake viSaya meM vistRta cintana hotA rahA hai| isakI vividha rUpoM meM utpatti kI saMkalpanAe~ bhI kI gaI haiN| jaina yogaparamparA meM to ise mahAmantra se udbhUta hI mAnA hai| kAraNa, isameM mahAmantra ke pA~coM padoM ke Adya akSara samAhita hote haiM athavA a= jJAna, u= darzana aura m = cAritra ke pratIka hone se yaha mokSamArga ke sampUrNa svarUpa kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| OM ke dhyAna karane kI vidhi kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - isa dhyAna kA 1. jJAnArNava, 38/10-15. 2: vahI, 38/16-19. 163

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sAdhaka sabase pahale hRdaya kamala meM sthita karNikA meM isa pada kI sthApanA karatA hai, tathA deva va daityoM se pUjita evaM vacana vilAsa kI utpatti ke avditIya kAraNa, svara tathA vyaMjana se yukta, paMcaparameSThI ke vAcaka, mUrdhA meM sthita candrakalA se jharane vAle amRta ke rasa se Adrita isa mahAtattva, mahAbIja, mahAmantra, mahApadasvarUpa OM ko kumbhaka karake dhyAtA hai|' OM kI sAdhanA vibhinna raMgoM ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| unake vibhinna vargoM ke sAtha kI jAne vAlI sAdhanA ke vibhinna phala bhI nirUpita kiye gae haiN| jaise - zveta varNa vAle OM kI sAdhanA zAnti evaM puSTi kAraka ke sAtha karmoM kA kSaya karane vAlI evaM mokSa ko dene vAlI hotI hai / pIle raMga ke OM kA japayA dhyAna karane se jJAna tantuoM ko sakriyatA prApta hotI hai| vazIkaraNa meM lAla raMga ke OM kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| nIle raMga ke OM kA dhyAna karane se zAnti tathA zyAma varNa ke dhyAna se kaSTasahiSNu banane kI zakti prApta hotI hai| isa praNava OM kA dhyAna sAMsArika vaibhava evaM sukhoM ke sAtha-sAtha mokSa ko bhI dene vAlA hotA hai| isIlie ise pratyeka avasthA meM dhyAtavya mAnA jAtA hai| 2. padadhyAna - jisa taraha jJAnArNava meM bIjAkSaroM ke dhyAna ke lie padastha dhyAna meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai usI taraha padadhyAna ko bhI padasthadhyAna meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isameM pramukha rUpa se mahAmantra ke vAcaka pA~ca padoM ko yA isase sambandhita anya padoM ko bhI dhyAna kA viSaya banAne ke yogya samajhA gayA hai| "Namo arahatANaM' yaha sAta akSaroM kA pada dhyAna karane ke lie jaina dhyAnayoga paramparA meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArya zabhacandra ne bhI usI ke anusAra isake dhyAna kI vidhi kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai| mantrazAstroM ke parAmarza ke anusAra ise zveta raMga ke sAtha dhyAna karane yogya kahA gayA hai| isase zAnti, samatA, zubhratA evaM sAttvikatA Adi kI prApti hotI hai| 'jo prANI isa saMsAra rUpI agni se dukhI haiM unheM isa pada kA dhyAna karanA cAhie' aisA sujhAva AcArya zubhacandra ne diyA hai| isa pada para tattvoM kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to 'I' aura 'ra' agni bIja haiM, 'a' aura 'tA' vAyubIja, 'ha', 'Namo' aura 'Na' AkAza bIja / arthAt isa pada meM agni, . vAyu aura AkAza tInoM tattva maujUda haiN| agni tattva azubha karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai aura 1. jJAnArNava, 38/33-35. 2. yogazAstra, 8/31. 3. OMkAraM bindusaMyuktaM nityaM dhyAyanti yoginaH / kAmadaM mokSadaM caiva oMkArAya namo namaH / / 4. jJAnArNava, 38/85. 164

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vAyu tattva nirjarA kiye hue karmoM kI rAkha ko ur3Akara sApha kara detA hai aura AkAza tattva sAdhaka ke cAroM ora eka kavaca kA nirmANa karake usakI zakti ko bar3hAtA hai, jisase sAMsArika vikAra usakI AtmA, mana aura zarIra meM praveza na kara ske| ___ "Namo siddhANaM'' Namo arahaMtANaM kI taraha yaha pada bhI viziSTa hai| isakA dhyAna sAdhaka ko lAla raMga se karanA caahie| isa pada meM do nAsikya varNa haiM, jo ki mantra zAstra kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| kyoMki ina vargoM ke uccAraNa ke samaya dhvani taraMgeM sIdhI brahmaraMdhra tathA mastiSka ke jJAnavAhI aura kriyAzIla tantuoM se TakarAtI haiM, jo atyadhika zakti ko utpanna karane vAlI hotI haiN| isameM Namo' aura 'Na' AkAza tattva, 'sa' aura 'da' jala tattva, 'dha' pRthivI aura 'i' agni tattva mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra isameM pRthvI, agni, jala aura AkAza tattvoM kI maujUdagI hai| isake dhyAna se dhAraNAzakti, damanazakti evaM dayA Adi guNoM kI vRddhi hotI "Namo AyariyANaM' isa pada meM pA~ca varNa anunAsika haiN| anunAsika dhvaniyoM ke bAhulya se isakA mahattva atyadhika rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| mantrazAstroM ke anusAra isa pada kA pIle raMga ke sAtha dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| pIlA raMga jJAnavAhI tantuoM ko aura adhika saMvedanazIla karake zaktizAlI banAtA hai| isake dhyAna se sAdhaka meM mana meM sahasaguNI adhika UrjA utpanna hotI hai| isameM Namo' aura 'Na' AkAzatattva, 'A', 'ya' aura 'yA' vAyutattva tathA 'ri'agnitattva ke pratIka haiN| - "Namo uvajjhAyANaM' isa pada kA dhyAna sAdhakoM ke lie nIle raMga ke sAtha karanA caahie| isakI sAdhanA se sAdhaka meM kSamAzIlatA Adi bhAvoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| isa pada meM rahane vAle 'Namo' evaM 'Na' AkAza tattva, 'u' aura 'ja' pRthvI, 'va' evaM 'jhA' jala . tattva aura 'ya' vAyutattva ke bIja haiN| isa prakAra cAroM tattvoM ke maujUda hone aura agni tattva ke abhAva ke kAraNa yaha sAdhaka ko atyadhika zItalatA kA bhI kAraNa hotA hai| * "Namo loe savvasAhUNaM' mahAmantra ke antima pada svarUpa yaha pada sAdhaka ko indriya evaM manovijetA banAtA hai| jisase sAdhaka kI vicAradhArA zuddha evaM UrdhvagAmI hotI hai| isa pada kA dhyAna kAle yA gahare nIle raMga se kiyA jAtA hai| cUMki isa pada meM AkAza tattva kI adhikatA rahatI hai| isameM bhI AkAza, pRthvI, vAyu aura jala tattva kI maujUdagI hai| dhyAnasAdhanA ke kSetra meM lAla aura kAle raMga kA vizeSa mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne pada mantroM meM paJcaparameSThI sambandhI arihaMtasiddhaAyariyauvajjhAyasAhU', 'arahaMtasiddha', 'araMhata', 'siddha', 'OM hAM hI hU~, hauM haH', 'asiAusA nama:' ke atirikta bhI aneka pada mantroM kI prarUpaNA kI hai| yathA - 'OM arhatsiddhasayoga 165

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kevalI svAhA', 'OM hIM zrIM aha~ nama:', 'nama: sarvasiddhebhyaH', 'OM jogge magge tacce bhUde bhavve bhavisse akkhe pakkhe jiNapArisse svAhA', 'OM hIM svaha~ Namo Namo'haMtANaM hIM nama:', evaM Namo NANassa', 'Namo daMsaNassa', 'Namo carittassa', 'Namo tavassa', 'eso paMca NamokkAro', 'savvapAvappaNAsaNo', 'maMgalANaM ca savvesiM paDhamaM havai maMgalaM' ityaadi|' isa prakAra AcArya zubhacandra ne padasthadhyAna ke antargata anya aneka mantroM ke dhyAna karane kI vidhiyA~ evaM unake svarUpa ke sAtha phala kA varNana kiyA hai| jisase dhyAna karane vAle ko kiJcit bhI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA hai| isI taraha AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra meM bhI inakA vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai| jise dekhakara pratIta hotA hai ki unake samaya meM mantramUlaka ArAdhanA kA kAphI prasAra rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina donoM AcAryoM ne apane anukUla usa viSaya sAmagrI kA saMcaya kiyA hai / yadyapi isa taraha prarUpita mantra viSayaka dhyAna sAdhanA eka jaTila prANAyAma kI prakriyA se sampanna hotI hai aura kahIM - kahIM to vaha haThayoga ke trATaka Adi rUpoM meM bhI jur3a jAtI hai| jisase usakI sAdhanA kRcchratama ho jAtI hai| donoM kI viSaya sAmagrI ke sAmya kA pramukha kAraNa donoM ke kAla kA nikaTavartI honA hii| isI kAraNa se yaha kahanA satya evaM tathyapUrNa hai ki jJAnArNava kA prabhAva AcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra para yatheSTa parilakSita hotA hai| padastha dhyAna meM citta ko ekAgra karane ke lie padoM arthAt mantroM evaM bIjAkSaroM kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai jo mukti kI kAmanA karane vAle haiM unake lie mantra rUpI padoM kA abhyAsa karane ke lie kahA gayA hai, ina mantroM ke abhyAsa se sAdhaka ke samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai evaM laukika prayojanoM kI siddhi ke sAtha-sAtha mokSapada kI prApti bhI sarala ho jAtI hai| 3.rUpasthadhyAna - 'rUpa' zabda ke aneka artha haiN| sAmAnyata: pracalita artha hai cakSu indriya dvArA grAhya vissy| anyatra isakA artha hotA hai svabhAva, yathA dravya rUpa yA puDhala rUpa aadi| kintu yahA~ dhyAna kA prasaGga hone se isakA artha sarvathA bhinna hI hotA hai| jaisA ki pravacanasAra meM kahA gayA hai - 'antaraMga zuddhAtmAnubhUti kI dyotaka nirgrantha evaM nirvikAra sAdhuoM kI vItarAga mudrA ko rUpa kahA gayA hai| isIlie jahA~ bhI rUpastha dhyAna kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai vahA~ rUpa se tAtparya AkRti vizeSa se liyA gayA hai| uparyukta sandarbha ke anusAra rUpastha dhyAna kI paribhASA nimnAnusAra ho sakatI hai 1. jJAnArNava, 38/48-113. 1. jJAnArNava, 38/116. 2. pravacanasAra, tA. vR. 203/276. 166

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- 'rupayukta.tIrthaMkara Adi iSTadeva kA dhyAna karanA rUpastha dhyAna kahalAtA hai| athavA AcArya zubhacandra ke zabdoM meM 'ATha mahAprAtihAryoM se ghire hue arahanta bhagavAna kA dhyAna karanA rUpastha dhyAna kahalAtA hai|'' ise hI spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM - 'arhat padAnurUpa garimAmaya sarvajJa, paramezvara, devendra, candra, sUrya Adi se samanvita pariSada meM vidyamAna - svayaMbhU - Atmabala dArA siddhi prApta, samagra atizayapUrNa, sarvalakSaNa pUrNa, samasta prANiyoM ke lie hitakara, zIla rUpa zaila zikhara para virAjita, saptadhAtu rahita, mokSa lakSmI dArA sakaTAkSa darzita - satvara mokSagAmI, aparimita mahimA ke AdhAra, sayogI kevalI avasthA ko prApta, acintya caritra-uttama caritrazIla, gaNadharAdi munigaNa dArA samupAsita vividha nayoM dvArA nirNIta samagra tattva, samasta jagata ke bandhu-zreyaskara, indriyavijetA, viSayazatru vinAzaka, rAgAtmaka vistAra kA dhvaMsa karane vAle, bhavAgni ko zAnta karane-bujhAne hetu megha, divyarUpa yukta, dhairyazIla, vizuddha jJAnacakSumaya, devoM aura yogivaryoM dvArA kalpanAtIta Atma vaibhava ke adhinetA, mithyAtvamaya mata rUpa parvata ko syAdavAda rUpI vajra dvArA vinirghAta karane vAle, jJAna rUpI amRta ke srota se tInoM lokoM ko pavitra karane vAle, asaMkhya guNaratnoM se paripUrNa, mahAsAgara, devavandya, svayaMbuddha, Adya dharmacakravartI, tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kA dhyAna kre|...... Adi / isa dhyAna ke phala kA nidarzana karate hue AcArya kahate haiM ki - 'uparyukta sarvajJa deva kA dhyAna karane vAlA dhyAnI anya zaraNa se rahita ho, sAkSAt usameM hI saMlIna hai mana jisakA aisA ho, tanmayatA ko pAkara usI svarUpa ko prApta hotA hai|' .. yahA~ yaha avazyameva dhyAtavya hai ki sAdhaka ke lie vItarAgI deva kA hI cintana yA dhyAna karanA cAhie, tabhI vaha vItarAgI ho sakatA hai| isI kAraNa vaha asarvajJa hone para bhI apane Apa sarvajJa svarUpa dekhane vAlA ho jAtA hai| anyathA rAgI kA dhyAna karane se svayaM rAgAtmaka ho jaaegaa| - isa taraha rUpastha dhyAna kA abhyAsI sAdhaka saMsAra meM durlabha samasta vastuoM ko prApta karane ke sAtha mokSa pada ko bhI sahajatA se prApta kara sakatA hai| isI taraha yogazAstra, vasunandizrAvakAcAra, guNabhadrazrAvakAcAra, zAstrasArasamuccaya, tattvAnuzAsana, dravyasaMgraha Adi granthoM meM bhI rUpastha dhyAna kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sabhI meM pramukha rUpa se cidrUpatA - sparza, rasa, gandha va varNa se rahita svarUpa kI sAmyatA spaSTa avabhAsita hotI hai| 1. yogazAstra, 9/7. 3. jJAnArNava, 39/1-31. 5. vahI, 39/42. 2. jJAnArNava, 39/23. 4. vahI, 39/32. 6. vahI, 39/33. 167

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4. rUpAtIta dhyAna - _ 'rUpeNa atItaM rUpairbinA vA yaddhyAnaM tadrUpAtItaM dhyAnam' rUpa se atIta dhyAna rUpAtIta dhyAna hai| rUpa kA artha sparza, rasa, gandha va varNamaya dRzyamAna pudala padArtha se hai| usase atIta yAni rahita jo zuddha caitanya jJAnAnanda svarUpa zuddhAtmA hai usakA dhyAna rUpAtIta dhyAna hai| arthAt AtmA dravyakarma, bhAvakarma aura nokarma se rahita niraMjana svarUpa hai usakA dhyAna rUpAtIta dhyAna hai|' isa dhyAna meM yogI cidAnandamaya vizuddha, amUrta, paramAkSara AtmA ko AtmA se hI dhyAtA hai| rupAtIta dhyAna paramAtmA kA zuddha rUpa hai, isameM yogI muni apanI AtmA ko hI paramAtmA samajhakara smaraNa karatA hai| paramadhyAnI siddha paramAtmA ke dhyAna kA abhyAsa karake zakti kI apekSA se apane Apako bhI unake samAna jAna-mAnakara apane Apako unake samAna hI vyakta rUpa se karane ke lie unameM lIna hotA hai, tathA apane karmoM kA nAza karake vyakta rUpa parameSThI ho jAtA hai| isa dhyAna meM dhyAtA, dhyAna va dhyeya kI ekatA ho jAtI hai| yaha dhyAna nirAlamba dhyAna ke antargata AtA hai, kyoMki isameM na to kisI prakAra kA mantra jApa hotA hai aura na kisI kA avalambana liyA jAtA hai| prArambha meM sAdhaka ko sAlambana dhyAna ko karane ke lie kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isa dhyAna meM eka sthUla avalambana hotA hai, jisase sAdhaka kA mana ekAgra hokara cintana meM samartha ho pAtA hai| jaba sAdhaka isa dhyAna meM paripakva ho jAtA hai, taba nirAlambana dhyAna kI yogyatA usake A jAtI hai, jisase rUpAtIta dhyAna kA cintana kara sakatA hai| ata: AcAryoM ne pahale sAvalambana dhyAna kA abhyAsa karane ke lie kahA hai, yaha sadha jAe to use chor3akara nirAlamba ke abhyAsa kA nirdeza diyA hai| sthUla se sUkSma, savikalpa se nirvikalpa aura sAvalamba se nirAvalamba kI ora jAyA jAtA hai / rUpAtIta dhyAna ke antargata siddha bhagavAna ko AdhAra mAnakara cintanAtmaka ekAgratA sAdhI jAtI hai| jJAnArNava ke 39 veM sarga meM rUpAtIta dhyAna kA vizeSa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai - 'jo yogI vItarAgI ho vItarAga bhagavAn kA smaraNa karatA hai vaha svayaM vItarAgI ho mukta ho jAtA hai|'' dharmyadhyAna ke svAmI - jaisA ki Agama meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki dharmyadhyAna cAra prakAra kA hai aura 1. dravyasaMgraha, 48/201. jJAnArNava, 39/16. 2. yogazAstra, 10/3-4. jJAnasAra, 37 3. jJAnArNava, 39/13. 168

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vaha avirata, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata aura apramattasaMyata jIvoM ke hotA hai| arthAt cAra guNasthAnavI jIvoM ke ye dhyAna hote haiN| inameM prathama do guNasthAna gRhasthoM ke aura zeSa do muniyoM ke saMbhava hote haiN| isa taraha gRhastha bhI dharmyadhyAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| dharmyadhyAna zreNI car3hane se pUrva hI hotA hai| kAraNa, donoM zreNiyoM meM Adi ke do zukladhyAna hote haiN| eka anya mata ke anusAra 'asaMyatasamyagdRSTi, saMyatAsaMyata, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, kSapaka va upazAmaka apUrvakaraNasaMyata, kSapaka va upazAmaka anivRttikaraNabAdarasAMparAya, kSapaka va upazAmaka sUkSmasAmparAyasaMyata jIvoM ke bhI dharmyadhyAna kI pravRtti hotI hai, aisA jinadeva kA upadeza hai| isase jAnA jAtA hai ki dharmyadhyAna kaSAyasahita jIvoM ke hotA hai aura zukladhyAna upazAnta yA kSINakaSAya vAle jIvoM ke hotA hai|'' uparyukta Agama pramANoM se dharmyadhyAna ke svAmI ke viSaya meM AcAryoM kI do mAnyatAoM kI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai| isameM prathama mAnyatA tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAkAra paramparA ko mAnya hai to dUsarI mAnyatA SaTkhaNDAgama ke TIkAkAra AcArya vIrasena dvArA poSita hai| AcArya zubhacandra deva ne dharmyadhyAna ke svAmiyoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai - 'dharmyadhyAna ke yathAyogya adhikArI mukhya aura upacAra ke bheda se pramatta guNasthAjavartI aura apramattaguNasthAnavartI ye do muni hI hote haiN| yaha vizeSa hai ki kitane hI AcAryoM ne dharmyadhyAna ke svAmI cAra bhI kahe haiN| kintu AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra mukhya rUpa se dharmyadhyAna muniyoM ke hI hotA hai, gRhasthoM ke dharmyadhyAna kvacit kadAcit hI hotA hai| kyoMki unakA mana gRhasthI ke dAyitvoM aura paMcendriya ke viSayoM meM vyagra rahatA hai|' isa mata kA samarthana bhAvasaMgrahakAra devasena ne bhI kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM - 'gRhasthoM ke lie dharmyadhyAna ke sthAna para bhadradhyAna hotA hai|' isa prakAra ina do vargoM ke atirikta bhI eka varga hai jo spaSTata: kisI varga meM nahIM AtA / arthAt svAmI ke kathana ke viSaya meM mauna dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| isameM svayaM tattvArthasUtrakAra ko ginA jAtA hai| inake atirikta koI anya mAnyatA hone kA pramANa adyAvadhi paryanta upalabdha nahIM hotaa| adhikAMza do mAnyatAoM meM hI sabhI viziSTa AcAryoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi, 9/36/450/5. 1. tattvArthasUtra 9/36. 2. dhavalA, 13 pR.74. 3.jJAnANava, 28/25, 28 4. bhAvasaMgraha, gAthA 365. - 169

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4. zukladhyAna - zukladhyAna, yoga kI vaha sarvottama avasthA hai, jisameM citta kI ekAgratA aura nirodha pUrI taraha se sampanna ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka jisa lakSya ko lekara yogamArga kI pravRtti ko apanAtA hai vaha isa dhyAna ke prApta ho jAne se pUrNatA ko prApta hotA hai| yahI vaha dazA hotI hai jisase sIdhe mokSa prApta kiyA jAtA hai| zukladhyAna kA svarUpa - jaina siddhAnta evaM yoga paramparA donoM hI dRSTiyoM meM zukladhyAna kA vistRta vivecana huA hai aura mukhya bAta yaha hai ki donoM meM hI svarUpagata koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| vibhinna AcAryoM dvArA nirUpita katipaya paribhASAoM para dRSTipAt kara lenA ucita hogA, jo ki nimnAnusAra haiM - "zucaM klamayatIti zuklam" dhyAnazataka kI isa nirukti ke anusAra jo dhyAna zoka Adi doSoM ko dUra karane vAlA hai vaha zukladhyAna hai| arthAt AtmA kI atyanta vizuddha avasthA ko zukladhyAna kahate haiN|' samavAyAMga ke anusAra - ''zruta ke AdhAra se mana kI Atyantika sthiratA evaM yoga kA nirodha zukladhyAna hai|''2 AcArya akalaGkadeva ke anusAra - "jisa prakAra se maila ke dhula jAne para vastra sApha ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra nirmala guNoM se yukta AtmA kI pariNati bhI zukla hai|'' isa taraha kiJcit zabdabheda ke sAtha adhikAMza paribhASAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM kintu ina sabhI meM jisa samAnatA ke darzana hote haiM vaha hai kaSAyoM kA abhaav| arthAt kaSAyoM ke abhAva kA kathana lagabhaga sabhI AcAryoM kA dhyeya hai| yathA - . "..... apUrvakaraNa Adi guNasthAnoM meM jo udAsIna tattvajJAna hotA hai vaha donoM prakAra ke mala ke nAza hone ke kAraNa zukladhyAna hai aura vaha mANikyazikhA kI taraha nirmala aura niSkampa rahatA hai|'' AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne dhavalA TIkA meM zukladhyAna kI zuklatA para prazna karate hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki - isakI zuklatA kaSAyoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI hai| inhIM paramparita abhiprAyoM ko surakSita evaM saMrakSita karate hue jaina yoga ke mUrdhanya vizeSajJa AcArya zubhacandra ne bhI kahA hai - "jo niSkriya hai, indriyAtIta hai aura dhyAna kI 1. dhyAnazataka,1 3. tattvArtha rAjavArtika, 9/28/4/627/31. 5. dhavalA, 13/5/4/26/77/9. 2. samavAyAMga, 4. 4. tattvAnuzAsana, 221, 222. 170

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dhAraNA se rahita hai arthAt maiM isakA dhyAna karU~, isa icchA se rahita hai, vaha zukla dhyAna hai|"1 zukladhyAna ke bheda - sAdhaka dharmyadhyAna kA abhyAsa karate-karate zukladhyAna kI avasthA ko prApta hotA hai| dharmyadhyAna meM usake jo karma va kaSAya zeSa raha jAte haiM vaha zukladhyAna ke dArA naSTa ho jAte haiN| zukladhyAna ko parama samAdhi kI avasthA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake cAra bheda batalAye gae haiM, inheM cAra caraNoM ke rUpa meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| ve ye haiM - 1. pRthaktvavitarka savIcAra, 2. ekatvavitarka avIcAra, * 3. sUkSmakriyApratipAtI, aura 4. vyuprtkriyaanivrtii| - harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra zukladhyAna ke ye do bheda bhI hote haiM - zukladhyAna evaM paramazukladhyAna / isake anusAra uparyukta cAroM dhyAnoM ko donoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| arthAt pRthaktvavitarka vIcAra aura ekatvavitarka avIcAra zukla dhyAna meM tathA sUkSmakriyApratipAtI aura vyuparatakriyAnivartI paramazukladhyAna meM parigaNita haiN|' harivaMzapurANakAra ne jina do bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai unhIM do bhedoM kA ullekha cAmuNDarAya ke cAritrasAra meM bhI dekhane ke lie milatA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI zukladhyAna ke inhIM bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai| kintu unhoMne cauthe zukladhyAna kA nAma vyuparatakriyAnivartI ke sthAna para AsannakriyAapratipAtI kahA hai / yadyapi isameM tattvagata koI bheda nahIM hai, mAtra paryAyavAcI rUpa se zabda-bheda lakSita hotA hai| 1. pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra zukladhyAna - pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra nAmaka dhyAna zukladhyAna kA prathama caraNa hai| isa dhyAna meM pRthak - pRthak rUpa se vitarka arthAt zruta kA vIcAra arthAt parivartana hotA hai| isalie ise savitarka evaM savIcAra dhyAna kahA gayA hai| yaha dhyAna mana, vacana aura kAya ina tIna yogoM vAle muniyoM ke hotA hai| kisI eka vastu meM utpAda-sthiti aura vyaya Adi paryAyoM kA cintana zruta kA AdhAra lekara karanA bhI pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra zukladhyAna meM hotA hai| artha, vyaMjana aura yogoM ke saMkramaNa kA nAma 1. jJAnArNava, 42/4., 42/9-11. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9/39 3. harivaMzapurANa, 56/53-4. 4. cAritrasAra, 203/4. 5. yogazAstra, 11/5. 171

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vIcAra kahA gayA hai| isameM sAdhaka kabhI to artha kA cintana karate-karate zabda kA cintana karane lagatA hai aura kabhI zabda kA cintana karate-karate artha kaa| jisa padArtha kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha artha kahalAtA hai, usake pratipAdaka zabda ko vyaMjana kahate haiN| jisameM vitarka ke dvArA artha Adi meM krama se aneka prakAra ke parivartana hote haiM vahI pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra zukladhyAna kahalAtA hai| kaSAyapAhuDa, rAjavArtika, dhavalA TIkA, mahApurANa, dravyasaMgraha aura mUlAcAra pradIpa jaise aneka granthoM meM jJAnArNava ke samAna hI prathama zukladhyAna ke svarUpa ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne bhI kahA hai ki - 'jaba taka ina tInoM yogoM ko Atmabuddhi se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai taba taka yaha jIva saMsAra meM hI rahatA hai| kintu acintya prabhAva vAle dhyAna ke kAraNa hI zAntacitta vAlA muni kSaNamAtra meM hI apane samasta karmoM ko mUla se nAza kara detA hai| isa dhyAna ke dvArA sAdhaka apane citta para vijaya prApta karatA huA kaSAyoM ko zAnta karatA hai aura isake phalasvarUpa saMvara, nirjarA aura amarasukha ko prApta karatA hai| . kyoMki isase mukti kI prApti nahIM hotii| ___ 2. ekatvavitarka avIcAra zukladhyAna - ekatvavitarka avIcAra nAmaka dhyAna zukladhyAna kA dUsarA caraNa hai| isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka vAyu se rahita ghara meM rakheM dIpaka ke samAna citta kI utpAda-sthiti-vyaya meM se kisI eka hI paryAya meM atizaya rUpa se sthira hotA hai| arthAt isameM arthAntara, vyaMjanAntara aura yogAntara ke saMkramaNa se rahita hone ke kAraNa avIcAra hokara pUrvagata zruta kA hI Azraya letA hai| eka dravya meM citta sthira hone ke kAraNa yaha dhyAna ekatva kahalAtA hai| isa zukladhyAna ke sAdhaka ko eka vizeSa prakAra ke udAtta anubhava kI prApti hotI hai| usa yogI ko sampUrNa jagat hastAmalakavat dIkhane lagatA hai| kyoMki isa dhyAna se hI kevalajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| aura kevalajJAna ke mahattva ko batalAte hue kahA hai ki isase yogI sarvajJa va trikAlajJa ho jAtA hai| indra, sUrya, manuSya evaM devAdi usako pUjate haiM aura vaha anantasukha, anantavIrya Adi ko prApta karatA hai| aisA yogI jahA~ - jahA~ jAtA hai sarvatra khuzahAlI evaM samRddhi vyApta ho jAtI hai| yaha dhyAna tIna yogoM meM se kisI eka yoga ke kAla meM sampanna hotA hai| isakA 1. tattvArthasUtra, 9/ 2. jJAnArNava, 42/15. 3. samAdhitantra, 62. 4. jJAnArNava, 42/20. 5. vahI, 42/26. 6.yogazAstra, 11/23. 172

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sAdhaka kaSAyarahita bArahaveM guNasthAna vAlA jIva hotA hai| isa dhyAna kA kAla antarmuhUrta mAtra hotA hai| isake anantara hI kevalajJAna kI utpatti ho jAtI hai| 3. sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI - ekatvavitarka avIcAra zukladhyAna se samasta ghAtikarma rupa IMdhana ko jalAne ke kAraNa kevalajJAna kI prApti hone para samasta vastuoM ke guNa aura paryAya yugapat jAnane meM A jAte haiN| isake anantara vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra kA vedana karatA huA kevalajJAnI eka muhUrta taka athavA kucha kama eka pUrvakoTikAla taka vihAra karatA hai| karmabhUmija manuSya kI utkRSTa Ayu eka pUrvakoTi varSa kI hotI hai aura vaha kama-se-kama ATha varSa kI avasthA hone para hI dIkSA lekara kevalajJAna utpanna kara sakatA hai| aisI avasthA meM kevalI ke itanA dIrghakAla saMbhava hotA hai|' jaba kevalI bhagavAn kI Ayu antarmuhUrta zeSa rahatI hai aura vedanIya, nAma tathA gotra kI sthiti bhI utanI hI rahatI hai, taba saba manayoga, vacanayoga evaM kAyayoga ko chor3akara sUkSmakAyayoga kA Alambana lekara sUkSmakriyApratipAtI dhyAna Arambha karate haiN| yahA~ kriyA kA tAtparya yoga se hai| aisA dhyAna sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI dhyAna kahalAtA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki yadi kevalI kI Ayu antarmuhartta hai aura vedanIya, nAma aura gotra kI sthiti adhika hotI hai to ve unako barAbara karane ke lie samudghAta karate haiN| isa dhyAna ko kevalajJAna ke Azraya se hI sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| isameM vitarka arthAt zruta kA Azraya nahIM liyA jAtA tathA yahA~ saMkrAnti bhI nahIM hotI hai| kevalI ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI samudaghAta kI prakriyA kA jaina siddhAnta ke granthoM meM vistRta vivecana prApta hotA hai| yaha vivecana jitanA vistRta hai utanA hI sUkSma bhI / jJAnArNava ke kartA AcArya zubhacandra ne bhI isakA prasaGgopAtta varNana kiyA hai jo nimnAnusAra hai - "kevalI prathama samaya meM apane aSTa AtmapradezoM ko meru ke aSTa pradezoM ke madhyagata karate hue daNDa kI taraha lambe rUpa meM vistIrNa karate haiN| ditIya samaya meM unheM kapATa kI taraha caur3e rUpa meM, tRtIya samaya meM pratara kI taraha moTe rUpa meM aura cauthe samaya meM ina vistRta Atma pradezoM ke dvArA samasta loka ko ApUrNa - vyApta kara lete haiN| isI sthiti meM kevalI bhagavAn ke sarvagata, sarvajJa, sarvatomukha, vizvavyApaka, vibhu, bharttA, vizvamUrti evaM mahezvara ye nAma sArthaka hote haiN| isa prakAra AtmapradezoM ko loka meM phailAkara dhyAna bala se vedanIya, nAma aura 1. prazamaratiprakaraNa, gAthA 271 2. vahI, gAthA 273. tathA jJAnArNava, 42/42. 3.SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga 5., tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9/44. yogazAstra, 11/8. 173

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gotra ina tIna karmoM kI sthiti ko ghaTAkara unakA AyuSya karma kI sthiti se sAmaJjasya sAdhate haiN| phira ve loka meM vyApta AtmapradezoM ko kramaza: cAra samayoM meM vApisa sameTa lete haiN| inakA krama isa prakAra hotA hai - pahale samaya meM pratara, dUsare samaya meM kapATa, tIsare samaya meM daNDa aura cauthe samaya meM AtmapradezoM ko svastha - zarIragata kara lete haiN| usa samaya ve bAdarakAyayoga meM sthira hokara bAdaramanoyoga aura bAdaravacanayoga ko sUkSma yoga meM parivartita karate haiN| tadanantara sUkSmakAya yoga meM sthita ho tRtIya zukladhyAna sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI kA Arambha karate haiN|'' yaha dhyAna bhI mAtra antarmuhUrta ke lie hI kiyA jAtA 4. samucchinnakriyAnivRtti zukladhyAna (vyuparatakriyAnivRtti) - jisa samaya zvAsa-prazvAsa Adi kriyAoM kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai aura AtmA ke pradezoM meM . kisI bhI prakAra kA kampana nahIM hotA hai taba vaha dhyAna samucchinnakriyAnivRtti dhyAna kahalAtA hai| kyoMki yaha dhyAna vitarka rahita aura vIcAra rahita to hotA hI hai tathA isameM anivRtti - yoga sambandhI kriyA se rahita bhI hai| isa avasthA meM zailezapanA evaM ayoga dazA upalabdha ho cukI hotI hai| isa avasthA ko prApta hone vAle sAdhaka ke mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika vyApAra samApta ho cuke hote haiN| isako upalabdha hone para sAdhaka ko ayoga kevalI nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| isameM kevalI ke dvArA upAnta samaya meM bahattara karmaprakRtiyoM kA tathA antima samaya meM teraha prakRtiyoM kA vinAza kara mokSa prApta kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra ayoga kevalI bhagavAn kA svarUpa aisA hotA hai - "caudahaveMguNasthAna meM kevalI bhagavAn nirmala, zAnta, niSkalaGka, nirAmaya aura janmamaraNa rUpa saMsAra ke aneka durnivAra bandha ke kaSToM se rahita haiM, inakA AtmA siddha, prasiddha aura niSpanna ho jAtA hai tathA ye karmamala se rahita niraMjana, kriyA rahita, zarIrarahita, zuddha, nirvikalpa, atyanta pUrNatA ko prApta, anantavIrya sahita arthAt aba apane svarUpa se kabhI cyuta nahIM hote aura AtmA ke darzana, jJAna kI utkRSTa zuddhatA ko prApta hote hue mana, vacana, kAya rUpa yogoM se rahita hone se ayogI hote haiN| apanI AtmA kI siddhi kara lene se sAdhitAtmA, svabhAvasvarUpa, parameSThI evaM utkRSTa prabhu hote haiN| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM aba laghu paMca svaroM ke uccAraNa kAla taka Thaharate haiN| tadanantara karma bandha se rahita ho zuddhAtmasvabhAva se hI Urdhvagamana karate haiN|''2 pazcAt ve bhagavAn Urdhvagamana kara, eka samaya meM hI karma ke avarodha se rahita ho loka ke agrabhAga meM virAjamAna ho jAte haiN| usase Age dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa Age gamana nahIM hotA hai|' 1. jJAnArNava, 42/38-46. 2.jJAnArNava, 42/55-59. 3. tattvArthasUtra, 10/5. 174

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zukladhyAna ke svAmI - tattvArthasUtra meM prathama do zukladhyAnoM kA svAmitva zrutakevalI aura antima do zukladhyAnoM kA svAmitva kevalI bhagavAn ke kahA gayA hai|' jabaki dhavalA TIkA meM pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra zukladhyAna kA dhyAtA caudaha, daza athavA naupUrvo ko dhAraNa karane vAlA prazasta saMhananayukta upazAntakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha mAnA gayA hai| cAritrasAra meM dhavalA ke hI samarthana rUpa vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSmasAmparAya upazAmaka aura upazAnta kaSAya rUpacAra guNasthAnoM meM pahalA zukladhyAna mAnA hai| jJAnArNava ke kartA AcArya zubhacandra ne prathama zukladhyAna ke dhyAtA ke viSaya meM spaSTa karate hue kahA hai - " jina mahAmuni ne dAdazAMga zAstrarupa mahAsamudra kA avagAhana kiyA hai vahI muni pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra zukladhyAna ko dhyaave|''5 isa prakAra prathama zukladhyAna ke svAmiyoM ke viSaya meM katipaya bhinnatA dikhAI detI hai kintu ddhitIya zukladhyAna ekatvavitarkaavIcAra ko to sabhI kSINakaSAyaguNasthAna meM hI svIkAra karate haiN| . sayogakevalI guNasthAna ke antima antarmahata kAla meM jaba mUni sthUlayogoM kA nirodha kara sUkSmakAyayoga meM sthira ho jAtA hai taba tRtIya arthAt sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI nAmaka dhyAna hotA hai| aura ayoga kevalI guNasthAna meM yogoM ke pUrNa abhAva meM hI cauthA zukladhyAna samucchinnakriyA apratipAtI hotA hai| AdipurANa meM chadmasthoM ke upazAntamoha aura kSINamoha ke zukla tathA kevaliyoM ke paramazukla dhyAna batalAyA hai| jo ki pUrvokta bhedoM ke anurUpa hI hai| zukladhyAna kA phala - zukladhyAna kA mukhya phala mokSa kI prApti hai, lekina cAroM dhyAjoM kA alaga-alaga jo phala hotA hai vaha isa prakAra hai - . . pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra zukladhyAna svarga evaM mokSa ke sukhoM ko dene vAlA hai| isase saMvara, nirjarA evaM amarasukha to prApta hotA hI hai| isa dhyAna ke dArA muni kSaNamAtra meM mohanIya karmoM kA mUla se hI nAza kara detA hai| tIna ghAtiyAkarmoM kA mUla rUpa se hI nAza kara denA ekatvavitarka avIcAra zukladhyAna kA phala hai| . yoga kA nirodha karanA evaM zailezI avasthA ke prApta hone para karmoM se mukta hokara 1: tattvArthasUtra, 9/37-8. 2. dhavalA, 13, pR. 60. 3. cAritrasAra, pR. 206. 4. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, pR. 204. 5. jJAnArNava, 42/22. 6. dravyasaMgraha, 48/200 dhavalA, 13/79. jJAnArNava, 42/25. 7.jJAnArNava, 42/20. 8. vahI, 42/29. 175

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siddhi ko prApta karanA hI kramaza: sUkSmakri yAapratipAtI zukladhyAna evaM samucchinnakriyAnivRtti zukladhyAna kA phala hai|' isa dhyAna ke dArA karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai aura mana kA AtmA kI sattA meM vilaya ho jAtA hai| zukladhyAna ke dvArA hI sAdhaka apanI Atmika azuddhiyoM ko pUrI taraha se zuddha karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| ata: zukladhyAna hI sarvotkRSTa tapa hai, saMmasta dhArmika kriyAoM kI yaha carama sImA hai| iMsa dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke dvArA sAdhaka apane carama lakSya mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| jainadharma evaM sAdhanA kI paramparA meM jo paddhatiyA~ AcArya kundakunda aura AcArya pUjyapAda jaise mahAmeru sAdhakoM ne sthApita evaM vikasita kI thIM, unakI hI puna:prANapratiSThA karane ke lie AcArya zubhacandra ne unheM anukUla saMskAroM se saMskArita karate hue prastuta karasugrAhA bajAyA hai| isake sAtha hI inameM pArthiva, Agneya Adi dhAraNAoM aura zivatattva Adi avadhAraNAoM ko sarvadA navIna rUpa meM prastuta kara dhyAna-yoga paramparA ko viziSTa evaM mahattvapUrNa AyAma diyA hai| aura isake lie AcArya zubhacandra kA nAma sadaiva yAda kiyA jAtA rhegaa| 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, 13/5/4/26/88. 176

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SaSTha adhyAya dhyAna kI prakriyA AcArya umAsvAmI ne dhyAna kA lakSaNa ekAgracintAnirodho dhyAnaM kiyA hai isakA artha hai apane citta kI vRtti ko saba ora se rokakara eka hI viSaya meM sthira karanA lgaanaa| isa dhyAna ke lakSaNa meM eka aura agra ye do zabda vizeSa vicAraNIya haiN| inameM eka zabda kA artha mukhya aura agra zabda kA artha Alambana hai| mukhya arthAt Alambana meM citta ko sthira karanA dhyAna hai aura vaha mukhya Alambana AtmA hai usa AtmadhyAna kI siddhi meM jo bhI sAdhaka-bAdhaka kAraNa haiM unameM sAdhaka kAraNoM ko juTAnA aura bAdhaka kAraNoM ko haTAne ko hI dhyAna kI prakriyA mAnA jA sakatA hai| ve dhyAna ke sAdhaka kAraNa do prakAra ke ho sakate haiM - bAhya aura aantrik| ata: dhyAna kI prakriyA bhI bahiraMga aura antaraMga kI apekSA do prakAra kI ho jAtI hai| sthAna, Asana, prANAyAma Adi bAharI sAdhana haiM isalie inheM bahiraMga prakriyA ke antargata rakhA gayA hai| vairAgya, tattvavijJAna Adi antaraMga sAdhana haiM ata: inheM antaraMga prakriyA meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna ke sAdhaka kAraNoM ke sAtha dhyAna ke bAdhaka kAraNoM ko bhI batalAyA gayA hai| jinakA parihAra karanA dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie anivArya hai| ve bAdhaka kAraNa nimna haiM - citta kI capalatA, viparIta jJAna, pramAda, Alasya, vibhrama, Artta-raudradhyAna ko utpanna karane vAlA sthAna aadi| .. dhyAna kisa prakAra hotA hai arthAt dhyAna prApti ke kauna-kauna kAraNa hote haiM? yaha bhAratIya darzana meM mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| jisakA samAdhAna pratyeka cintana ne kiyA hai| jaina cintakoM dvArA kiyA gayA samAdhAna AgamoM meM upalabdha hai ata: prakRta meM dhyAna prApti ke pramukha kAraNoM kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| tattvAnuzAsana, jJAnArNava Adi meM kahA gayA hai kiM parigraha-tyAga, kaSAya-nigraha, vratadhAraNa, indriya aura manovijaya karane se dhyAna prApta hotA hai| gurUpadeza, tattvoM kA zraddhAna karanA, nirantara abhyAsa aura mana kI sthiratA bhI dhyAna kI prApti meM pramukha kAraNa haiN| kahA bhI hai - "vairAgya, tattvoM kA jJAna, parigrahatyAga, sAmyabhAva aura parISahajaya ye pA~ca dhyAna ke kAraNa haiN|''3 jJAnArNava meM ina sabhI dhyAna ke kAraNoM kA vivecana yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama vairAgya ko utpanna karane ke lie bAraha bhAvanAoM kA savistAra vyAkhyAna kiyA 1. prabodhasAra, 192. 2. tattvAnuzAsana, 75. 3. vRhadravya saMgraha, gAthA 57 kI TIkA. 177

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gayA hai| samyagdarzana prakaraNa meM tattvoM kA svarUpa vivecita hai| zuddhopayoga prakaraNa meM Atmatattva kA vizada vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai / aparigra hamahAvrata ke antargata parigrahatyAga kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| sAmyabhAva prakaraNa meM sAmyabhAva kA svarUpa lAbha evaM prabhAva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dhyAtA kI prazaMsA prakaraNa meM pariSahajaya kI mahattA batalAI gaI hai| jina muniyoM ne mahAn munipana ko aMgIkAra karake prANoM kA nAza hone para bhI samIcIna saMyama kI dhurA ko nahIM chor3A hai, ve hI dhyAna rUpI dhana ke Izvara (svAmI) hote haiN| kyoMki, saMyama se cyuta hone para dhyAna nahIM hotA hai| jina muniyoM kA citta parISaharUpa . duSTa hasthiyoM athavA sarpo se tathA grAmINa manuSyoM ke durvacanarUpI kA~ToM se kiJcit mAtra bhI. apane svarUpa se cyuta nahIM huaa| ve yogI hI dhyAna ke pAtra haiN|' dhyAna kI vividha prakriyAoM ke viSaya meM prAcInagranthoM meM sphuTa ullekha milate haiN| sambhavata: unakA samanvayAtmaka nirUpaNa jJAnArNava meM huA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke lie upayukta sthAna, Asana, prANAyAma tathA dhyAna vidhi kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| isa zodha prabandha meM dhyAna kI bahiraMga prakriyA kA varNana dhyAna kI siddhi meM sahAyaka sAmagrI evaM aSTAMga yoga vivecana nAmaka cauthe adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai| ata: yahA~ puna: usakA vivecana nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| dhyAna kI antaraMga prakriyA ke sambandha meM Avazyaka arhatAoM, dhyAnaviSayaka dhyeya evaM dhyAtA Adi se sambandhita jina viSayoM kI apunaruktatA hogI ve hI yahA~ nirUpita kI jaaeNgii| _____ dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie yogI ko apane citta kA durdhyAna, vacana kA asaMyama evaM kAya kI capalatA kA nirodha karanA cAhie aura apane samasta doSoM se rahita hokara citta ko sthira karanA caahie| AcArya vadRkera ne dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie nidrA vijaya kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM - 'he mune ! nidrA ko jIto, nizcita hI nidrA nara ko acetana kara detI hai kyoMki soyA huA zramaNa sabhI doSoM meM pravartana karatA hai|'4 isI taraha kaSAya aura Arambha ke tyAga kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai - 'yaha dhyAnatapa Arambha aura kaSAya ko usI prakAra se sahana nahIM karatA jisa prakAra se netra aura lavaNa samudra nizcita hI kacare ko sahana nahIM krte|' saMsAra ke daHkhoM se Darakara vairAgya prApta honA, mana kA sthira honA, ekAnta sthAna meM nivAsa karanA aura aneka prakAra ke upasargoM ko sahana karane kI zakti honA ye saba muniyoM ke dhyAna ke sAdhana haiN| 1. jJAnArNava, 23/15-18. 2.yogasAra, 163 3. vRhadadravyasaMgraha, gAthA 48. 4. mUlAcAra, gAthA 974. 5. vahI, gAthA 979. 6. prabodhasAra, 191. 178

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vastuta: dhyAna, vrata, japa Adi sabhI AcAra binA nirmala citta ke karane se koI lAbha nahIM hai| kyoMki mana kI zuddhi hI yathArtha zuddhi hai| ___mana kI zuddhi ke binA vratoM kA anuSThAna karanA vRthA kAyakleza hai| isake lie indriyoM kA viSayoM kA nirodha Avazyaka hai| aura jaba taka indriyoM para jaya nahIM hotI, taba taka kaSAyoM para jaya nahIM hotii| ata: dhyAna kI zuddhatA yA siddhi hI karmasamUha ko naSTa karatI hai| aura AtmA kA dhyAna zarIra sthita AtmA ke svarUpa ko jAnane meM samartha hotA hai| kyoMki dhyAna hI jahA~ saba aticAroM kA pratikramaNa hai| vahA~ AtmajJAna kI prApti se karmakSaya tathA karmakSaya se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| dhyAtavya hai ki dhyAna dArA zubha-azubha donoM hI prApti saMbhava hai arthAt isameM cintAmaNi kI bhI prApti hotI hai aura khaloM ke TukaDe bhI prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra dhyAnasiddhi kI dRSTi se bAhya sAdhanoM ke nirodha ke sAtha svavRtti tathA sAmyabhAva kA honA anivArya hai| jabaki sAdhaka ko AtmA ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM dikhAI detA / agara sAdhaka ko sAMsArika cintAoM kA dhyAna anAyAsa ho jAye to una vyApAroM ko antarmukha karake guru athavA bhagavAn kA smaraNa karate huye nirjana sthAna meM sarvaprakAra kI kAyaceSTAoM se rahita hokara sukhAsana se baiThanA cAhiye, kyoMki isase bhI dhyAna meM sthiratA AtI hai|' jaisA ki AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne AtmadhyAna prakriyA ko jJApita karane huye likhA hai| mana kI ekAgratA se indriyoM ko vaza meM kara dhvasta yA naSTa kara dI hai| svacchandavRtti jisane aisA puruSa apane meM hI sthita AtmA ko apane hI dArA dhyaave| ..zrIkundakunda AcArya ne AtmadhyAna kI vidhi kA pratipAdana karate hue likhA hai - muni saba kaSAyoM arthAt gArava, mada, rAga, dveSa tathA moha ko chor3akara aura lokavyavahAra se virakta hokara dhyAna meM sthita huA AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai| Age yogoM kI caryA kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai ki pA~ca mahAvratoM se yukta ho tathA pA~ca samitiyoM va tIna guptiyoM se yukta ho ratnatraya se saMyukta ho he munijana ! tuma sadA dhyAna adhyayana kro| mana, vacana, kAya se varSA, zIta aura uSNa ina tIna kAla yogoM ko dhAraNa kara mAyA, mithyA aura nidAna ina tIna zalyoM se rahita hokara samyagdarza, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra se maMDita hokara aura do doSa arthAt rAgadveSa se rahita hotA huA yogI dhyAnI muni sarva karma rahita paramAtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai| 1. yogapradIpa, 16. 2. niyamasAra, gAthA 93. 3. yogazAstra, 4/113. 4. iSTopadeza, 20. 5. tattvArtharAjavArtika, pR. 626. 6. tattvAnuzAsana, 172. 7.yogazataka, 59-60. 8. iSTopadeza, 22. 9. mokSapAhuDa, gAthA 27, 33, 44 179

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___jo deva guru kA bhakta hai tathA sAdharmI muniyoM meM anurAgayukta hotA hai aura samyaktva, ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha yogI dhyAna meM rata hotA hai| AhAra, Asana, nidrA inako jItakara aura jinavara ke mata se tathA guru ke prasAda se jAnakara nija AtmA kA dhyAna karanA caahie| AtmA cAritravAn aura darzana-jJAna sahita hai aisA AtmA guru ke prasAda se jAnakara nitya dhyAna karanA caahie| jaba taka manuSya indriyoM ke viSayoM meM pravartatA hai taba taka AtmA ko nahIM jAnatA isalie yogI dhyAnI muni viSayoM se virakta citta hotA huA AtmA ko jAnatA hai|' dhyAna kI antaraMga prakriyA - dhyAna ke kAraNabhUta kaSAyanigraha, indriyavijaya, manovijaya, sAmyabhAva kA Alambana. rAgaDheSa kA nirodha, vairAgya kI kAraNabhUta anaprekSAoM kA cintana ye saba dhyAna kI Antarika prakriyA meM sammilita haiN| kaSAyanigraha -kaSAyanindA prakaraNa meM AcArya zubhacandra ne pUre bAraha zlokoM meM kaSAya se hone vAlI hAniyoM ko darzAyA hai| vahA~ likhA hai ki - 'krodha rUpI agni prakaTa hone para samyagdarzana Adi Atmika guNoM ko jalA detI hai| krodha ke kAraNa munijana bhI durgati ke pAtra hote haiM, anya sAdhAraNa jana ke viSaya meM kyA kahA jaay| zAnta bhAva kA avalambana kara jinAgama kA avagAhana karanA hI krodha kaSAya ko jItane kA eka mAtra upAya hai| Age krodha kaSAya ko jItane ke lie kucha bhAne yogya bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| unameM kucha mukhya haiM - tattvajJAnI muni aisA vicArakara krodhAdi rUpa pariNamana nahIM karate ki yadi krodhAdi se merA bhI mana bigar3a jAegA, to phira ajJAnI tathA mujha tattvajJAnI meM vizeSa bheda hI kyA rahA, maiM bhI ajJAniyoM ke samAna huaa| pratikUla kAraNa upasthita hone para jJAnI vicAra karatA hai, ki he Atman ! tUne pUrva janma meM jo asAtA karma bA~dhA thA, usI kA phala yaha durvacanAdika rUpa hai| ata: inako upAyarahita samajhAkara AgAmI duHkha kI zAnti ke lie svasthacitta se shnkr|' prazama bhAva kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana na karane kA upadeza dete hue kahA hai - 'maiM prazama bhAva kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana karake vadha-bandhanAdi karane vAle zatru para krodha karU~gA to isa jJAna rUpa netra kA upayoga kauna-se kAla meM hogaa|' 1. mokSapAhuDa, gAthA 52, 63-6. 3. vahI, 19/18, 22. 2. jJAnArNava, 19/1-2, 7. 4. vahI, 19/28. 180

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jIvoM ke cirakAla se abhyAsa kiye hue zama bhAva aura zastra calAne kA abhyAsa kAma par3ane para vyartha ho jAe to usa zamabhAva va zastravidyA sikhAne se kyA phala hai| yadi muniyoM ko koI duSTa durvacanAdi upasarga kare to vaha isa prakAra vicAra karate haiM - 'ki yadi vaha durvacanAdi kahane vAlA mujhe pApoM se bhaya utpanna nahIM kare to maiM zAnta bhAva ke lie adhika prayatna nahIM karU~, isa kAraNa isane mujhe sAvadhAna kiyA hai ki maiMne pUrvakAla meM jo krodhAdi pApa kiye the unakA yaha upasarga phala hai, ata: mujhe yaha bar3A bhArI lAbha haa| isa prakAra ke vicAra meM ArUr3ha hokarasAdhaka nizcala rahate haiN| ityAdi prazasta bhAvanAoM ke vicAra dArA sAdhaka krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko jItatA hai| upasargAdika krodha ke nimitta milane para jo munirAja krodha nahIM karate, kintu kSamA hI dhAraNa karate haiM, unake aneka vidha prazasta dhyAna hotA hai|'' jahA~ krodha kaSAya se pariNAmoM meM prakaTa, zIghra evaM cirakAlIna pradUSaNa paidA hotA hai, vahIM mAna kaSAya ke dvArA bhI citta kI sthiratA bhaMga kI jAtI hai| isalie granthakAra ne isakI bhI heyatA dikhalAte hue likhA hai - ___'mAna se manuSyoM ke viveka rupa nirmala netra se bhedavijJAnamaya dRSTi lupta ho jAtI hai, ve zIla rUpI parvata ke zikhara se patita ho jAte haiN| abhiprAya yaha hai ki mAnI puruSa parvata meM zIla tathA viveka TikA nahIM rahatA hai| 2 _ 'mAnI puruSa garva se vinayAcAra kA ullaMghana karatA hai aura pUjya guruoM kI paripATI ko chor3akara svecchAcAra se pravartane laga jAtA hai| jinakI buddhi kula, jAti aura prabhutA Adi ke mada ke moha se naSTa ho cukI hai ve zIghra hI nIcagati ke kAraNabhUta karmoM kA saMcaya karate haiN|' - isI taraha mAyA evaM lobha kaSAya ke bhI nigraha karane kA kuzalatApUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| lobha kaSAya ke doSoM kA varNana karate hue jo likhA hai, usakA saMvaraNa kara pAnA zakya nahIM - 'lobha bar3A anarthakArI hai| usake vaza huA manuSya apane svAmI, guru, bandhu vRddha, strI, bAlaka, roga, Adi se jIrNa durbala, dIna Adi kI nizaMka hokara hatyA kara DAlatA hai aura unakA dhana apane adhikAra meM kara letA hai|' kaSAyanigraha ke upAya - AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi se kaSAyoM ke nigraha ke 1. jJAnArNava, 19/31. 2. vahI, 19/51. 3. vahI, 19/52. 4. jJAnArNava 19/70. 181

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upAyoM meM jo sUtra pradarzita kiye gae haiM, unameM katipaya nimna haiM - 'he Atman ! tere jisajisa padArtha meM krodhAdika zatru utpanna hote haiM vahI-vahI vastu una krodhAdi kI zAnti ke lie tyAga denI caahie| AcArya zubhacandra ke samAna hI dhyAna ke marmajJa anya jainAcAryoM ne bhI isa sandarbha meM kahA hai ki - 'krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM ko kramaza: kSamA, mArdava, Arjava aura lAghava se jItA jA sakatA hai|' paramAtmaprakAza meM kaSAyoM ke nigraha kA upAya siddha parameSThI kA mana meM dhyAna karanA' batalAyA gayA hai|' yoga ke prakhyAta AcArya hemacandrasUri kI dRSTi se antata: svayaM ke hI dhyAna kA sujhAva diyA gayA hai aura usase kaSAyoM ke nigraha kI bhI bAta spaSTa kI gaI hai| yathA - 'AtmasvarUpa ke cintana se bhI kaSAyoM kA zamana ho jAtA hai| jo nirmala AtmA kA AtmA ke dvArA dhyAna karatA hai, vaha kaSAyoM kA jaya karatA hai| isa prakAra kaSAyoM ke jaya karane kA lagabhaga sabhI paramparAoM meM kathana kiyA gayA hai| dAdazAnuprekSA - jAne hue artha kA mana meM abhyAsa karanA athavA vairAgya kI vRddhi ke lie zarIrAdi ke svabhAva kA puna:-puna: cintana karanA anuprekSA hai| anuprekSA kA sAmAnya artha gahanacintana karanA bhI hai, jisakA aparanAma 'bhAvanA' hai| isalie bAraha bhAvanA ke rUpa meM prasiddha vairAgyavardhaka cintanavizeSa hI vdAdazAnuprekSA hai| AcArya zubhacandra evaM hemacandra ke matAnusAra samatva ke upAyabhUta nirmamatva ko jAgrata karane ke lie bhAvazuddhi honI Avazyaka hai| ata: Atma-pariNAmoM ko vizuddha rakhane ke lie vItarAga prarUpita bhAvanAoM kA cintana karanA caahie|' jiMsa prakAra mahAvata upadrava se rakSA karane ke lie balavAn hAthI ko AlAnastambha (hAthI ko bA~dhane kAkhambhA) se bAMdha kara rakhatA hai| usI prakAra munijana viSayoM Adi se mana kA saMrakSaNa karane tathA dharmAnurAga kI vRddhi hetu bhAvanAoM ko mana meM bA~dhakara rakhate haiN| arthAt mana se nirantara unakA cintana karate haiN| AcArya zubhacandra ne anityAdi bAraha bhAvanAoM ko mokSa rUpI prAsAda kI sopAna paMkti ke samAna mAnate hue inakI prazaMsA kI hai| 1. vahI, 19/73. 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 260. 3. paramAtmaprakAza, gAthA 2/184. 4. yogazAstra, 5/7. 5. sarvArthasiddhi, pR.339. 6. mUlAcAra 8/73. 7. jJAnArNava, 2/4,5. yogazAstra, 4/55. 8. jJAnArNava, 2/6. 9. vahI, 2/7. 182

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dAdaza bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa - 1. anitya bhAvanA - tInoM lokoM meM vidyamAna cetana va acetana padArtha anitya haiN| isa bhAvanA meM isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki sAMsArika vaibhava vinazvara hai| yaha zarIra, indriya-viSaya tathA bhogopabhoga ke jitane bhI sAdhana haiM ve saba jala ke budabude ke samAna kSaNika aura viyukta hone vAle haiN| jaise rAtri meM pakSI vibhinna sthAnoM se Akara kisI vRkSa para baserA lete haiM aura prAta:kAla hote hI yathAsthAna cale jAte haiN| vaise hI Ayu ke kSINa hone para saba sAMsArika vaibhava yahIM chor3a apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra vibhinna yoniyoM meM utpanna honA par3atA hai| jagat kI isa anitya avasthA kA cintana karanA hI anitya bhAvanA hai| isake bhAne se bhavyoM ke zarIrAdika meM Asakti kA abhAva hone se bhogakara chUTe hue gandha aura mAlA Adi ke samAna viyoga kAla meM bhI santApa nahIM hotaa|' 2. azaraNa bhAvanA - isa bhAvanA meM yaha cintana kiyA gayA hai ki mRtyu ke upasthita hone para koI zaraNa nahIM hai| jaise siMha ke paMje se hiraNa ko koI bacA nahIM sktaa| yamarAja pAtAla, brahmaloka, indrabhavana, samudrataTa, vana-parvata Adi sabhI sthAnoM para pahu~ca jAtA hai tathA prANI ko grasita kara letA hai| isa anuprekSA ke cintana se saMsAra ke prati mamatva bhAva dUra hokara ekamAtra dharma kI zaraNa ke prati apUrva AsthA utpanna hotI hai| 3. saMsAra bhAvanA - caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM kahIM bhI sukha nahIM hai| yaha AtmA anekAneka yoniyoM meM sabhI jIvoM ke sAtha sabhI taraha ke sambandha sthApita kara cukA hai| janma-maraNa karatA rahatA hai, yahI saMsAra hai| isa bhAvanA ke cintana se yaha jIva saMsAra se bhayabhIta hokara usake nAza kI ora prayatnazIla rahatA hai| 4. ekatva bhAvanA - saMyoga-viyoga, sukha-du:kha ke samaya isa jIvAtmA kA koI bhI mitra nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA akelA AyA aura akelA hI jAegA maiM svayaM hI apane acche-bure karmoM kA phala pAtA huuN| isa taraha ekatva kA cintana karanA ekatvAnuprekSA hai| isa bhAvanA ke cintana se kAmabhoga meM, ziSyAdi ke samUha yA saMgha meM, zarIra athavA sukha meM Asakti nahIM hotI apitu vairAgya se mana ko ramAye hue sarvotkRSTa cAritra dharma ko dhAraNa kiye rahatA hai|' 5. anyatva bhAvanA - isameM cintanakrama yoM banatA hai ki AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai, kintu ajJAna ke kAraNa sAMsArika prANI isa tathya ko saralatayA samajha nahIM paate| 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7., kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 22 Adi 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1746. 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7. pR. 317 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 202. 2.jJAnArNava, 2/48-66. 4. jJAnArNava, 2/67-83. 6. jJAnArNava, 2/84-93. 183

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jahA~ zarIra kI AtmA ke sAtha ekatA nahIM hai to anya bandhujanoM ke sAtha to ho kaise sakatI hai ?' loga eka dUsare ke viSaya meM zoka karate haiM, apane viSaya meM nahIM karate ki maiM saMsAra samudra meM DUba rahA huuN|' isa taraha kA cintana anyatvAnuprekSA hai| isa bhAvanA ko bhAne se zarIrADhika meM spahA utpanna nahIM hotI hai aura isase tattvajJAna kI bhAvanApUrvaka vairAgya kA prakarSa hone paraM Atyantika mokSa sukha kI prApti hotI hai| 6. azuci bhAvanA - isa bhAvanA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yaha zarIra azuci yA apavitratA kA bhaNDAra hai| azuci se hI utpanna hai, ata: pavitra ho bhI kaise sakatA hai| yaha zarIra kSaNa meM vinaSTa hone vAlA tathA bhojana, pAnI Adi ke kAraNa parAdhIna bhI hai| jaba taka zarIra hai taba taka du:kha hai, isa zarIra ke samparka meM Ane se sugandhita kapUra, kezara, agara, kastUrI Adi padArtha bhI azuddha ho jAte haiN| ata: zarIra ko azucimaya samajhakara AtmA meM ramaNa karanA caahie| isa taraha ke cintana se zarIra ke prati nirveda ho jAne se jIva mukti prApti meM citta lagAtA hai|' 7. Asrava bhAvanA - mana, vacana tathA kAya kI pravRtti se jo Atma pradezoM meM parispanda hotA hai use yoga kahate haiN| ina yogoM se karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai, isI kA nAma Asrava hai| jaise naukA meM cheda ho jAne para usameM pAnI bhara jAtA hai aura vaha samudra meM DUba jAtI hai, vaise hI yaha AtmA nizcaya hI karmoM kA Asrava hone se vinAza ko prApta huA cAroM gati rUpI samudra meM DUbA rahatA hai|' isa cintana se jIva ke kSamAdi dharma meM kalyANa buddhi kA tyAga nahIM hotaa| kachue ke samAna jisane apanI AtmA ko saMvRta kara liyA hai, usake AsravadoSa nahIM hote haiN| 8. saMvara bhAvanA - Asrava kA nirodha saMvara hai / AtmA Asrava ke kAraNa hI navIna karma bandha karatI hai| saMvara rUpa hone para navIna karma avaruddha ho jAte haiN| AcArya zubhacandra saMvara ko eka vizAla vRkSa batalAte hue likhate haiM ki jisake samitiyoM rUpI jar3eM, saMyama rUpI skandha, kaSAyoM kI upazAnti rUpI vividha zAkhAe~, samAdhi rUpI uttama puSpa aura anityAdi bhAvanAe~ rUpI madhura phala haiN| saMvara aura samAdhi se yukta hokara 1. jJAnArNava, 2/94-105 3. sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 326. 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7. pR. 317. 7. mUlAcAra, 8/37-45. 9. tattvArthasUtra 9/1. 2. mUlAcAra, 8/10-11. 4. jJAnArNava, 2/106-118 6. jJAnArNava, 2/119-127. 8. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7. pR. 318. 10. jJAnArNava, 2/128-139. 184

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vizuddhAtmApUrvaka nitya saMvara kA cintana karane se jIva meM saMvara ke prati nirantara udyatatA tathA saMvara ke kAraNoM meM AsthA banI rahane se mokSa phala kI prApti hotI hai|' 9. nirjarA bhAvanA - jisase saMsAra ke kAraNa rUpa karma naSTa ho jAte haiM, use nirjarA kahA jAtA hai / saMyamI jaise-jaise tapa karatA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise karma nirjarA hotI jAtI hai, karma nirjIrNa hote jAte haiM, pUrvasaMcita karma kaTate jAte haiN| navInakarmoM kA bandha nahIM hotA, taba mokSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| isa prakAra nirjarAnuprekSA dvArA nirjarA ke guNa doSoM kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| aisA vicAra karane se jIva kI pravRtti tapazcaryA kI ora hotI hai| - 10. dharma bhAvanA - isa bhAvanA meM dharma ke svarUpa tathA mahattva kA pratipAdana hotA hai| samasta sukha dharma se hI upalabdha hote haiN| dharma hamezA parirakSaNa karatA hai, aniSTa se bacAtA hai, usase dUra rakhatA hai tathA zAzvata mokSasukha kI prApti karAtA hai| vihita dharmoM ke pAlana se hI karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| isI se dayA, kSamA Adi dharmoM kA udaya hotA hai| inhIM dharmoM kA cintana karanA dharmAnuprekSA hai| isa prakAra cintana karane se jIva kA dharma meM anurAga bar3hatA hai| 11. loka bhAvanA - jahA~ jIvAdi dravya rahate haiM use lokAkAza kahate haiN| loka svayaM sthita tathA Adi-anta se rahita hai| loka ke nIce kA bhAga beMta ke samAna, madhya kA jhAlara jaisA evaM Upara kA bhAga mRdaMga samAna hai| isa loka meM prANI karmoM ke kAraNa janmamaraNa karatA rahatA hai| loka bhAvanA meM loka ke svarUpa kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| isa bhAvanA ke cintana se tattvajJAna meM vizuddhi hotI hai| 12. bodhidurlabha bhAvanA - samyagdarzana, jJAna evaM cAritra rUparatnatraya ko bodhi kahA jAtA hai| bodhi kI prApti bahuta durlabha hai| pahale to prANI kA naraka, nigoda aura tiryazca se nikalakara manuSya jIvana meM AnA hI kaThina hai| manuSya banane ke bAda bhI pUrNAyu, sarva indriyoM kI paripUrNatA va uttama buddhi milanA kaThina hai| ina sabake milane para bhI Atma svarUpa kA nizcaya honA bahuta kaThina hai| aisA cintana isa bhAvanA meM kiyA jAtA hai| isase jIva bodhi ko prApta karane meM kabhI bhI pramAda nahIM karatA hai|10 uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jIvana kI vAstavikatA ko samajhane ke lie 1.sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7. 3. mUlAcAra, 8/59. 5. yogazAstra, 4/92-3. 7. jJAnArNava, 2/171-7. 9. jJAnArNava, 2/178-190. 2. jJAnArNava, 2/140-8. 4. jJAnArNava, 2/149-170. 6. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7. 8. mUlAcAra, 8/30-6. 10. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7, pR. 319. .. 185

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sAdhaka hara pahalU se apane Apako parakhatA hai, jo Avazyaka hai| jaba vaha svatva ko kendra mAnakara parIkSaNa karatA hai, to sabase pahale usake mana meM yahI bhAva udita hotA hai ki. maiM akelA hU~, merA koI nahIM hai|' yaha cintana AtmasvarUpa pratyAyaka hai, jo sAdhaka ko prerita karatA hai ki vaha sabase pahale sabase adhika sva kI, apane ApakI cintA kre| jise jagat meM prAya: gauNa mAnA jAtA hai| ina bAraha bhAvanAoM se jisakA mana nirantara bhAvita rahatA hai, vaha sabhI bhAvoM para mamatA rahita hokara samabhAva kA avalambana letA hai|' jaba jIva samatAbhAva se yukta ho jAtA hai, taba jIva ke samasta kaSAya naSTa ho jAtI haiN| kaSAya rUpI agni ke vilIna ho jAne se jJAna rUpI dIpaka vikasita ho jAtA hai ata: jIva ko nirAkula, avinazvara, atIndriya sukha pradAna karane vAlI ina bhAvanAoM kA cintana avazya karanA caahie| jaina paramparA meM varNita dAdaza anuprekSAoM/bhAvanAoM ke samakakSa pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM yama-niyama kI pratipakSI vighna (virodhI) bhAvanAoM kA avalambana lene kI carcA milatI hai| vizeSatA itanI hai ki pataJjali ne bhAvanAoM ke nAma va saMkhyA Adi kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA, jabaki jainayoga-sAdhanA meM inheM viziSTa sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA ke sadRza pAtaJjalA yogadarzana meM bhI bhAvanA aura jIva kA ghaniSTa sambandha darzAyA gayA hai| usake anusAra bhAvanAoM kA cintana karane se Atmazuddhi hotI hai, citta prasanna rahatA hai| citta ke sthira rahane se buddhi sthira rahatI hai aura citta kI ekAgratA banI rahatI hai| isalie vahA~ Izvara kA bAra-bAra japa karane kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki - 'japa ke pazcAt Izvara kI bhAvanA karanI cAhie aura Izvara bhAvanA ke pazcAt puna: japa, isa prakAra bAra-bAra AvRtti karate rahane se paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| indriyanigraha - bhAratIya darzana ke nivRtti mArga meM indriyoM ko vaza meM karane kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kyoMki indriyanigraha ke binA dhyAna kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| indriyavijaya ke upAyoM kA varNana karate hue AcArya zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava meM likhA hai - 'he dhIra-vIra puruSa ! svatantratA se vikAra ko karane vAlI ina durdama indriya rUpI hastiyoM ko zIlarUpI zAla ke vRkSa meM vijJAna rUpI rasse se dRr3hatA se bA~dha / kyoMki 1. yogazAstra, 4/100. 2. jJAnArNava, 2/192. yogazAstra, 4/11. 3. vahI, 2/191. 4. pAtaJjalayogasUtra, 2/33. 5. vyAsabhASya, pR. 113. 6. vahI, pR. 95-6. 7. vahI, pR. 95-6. 186

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zIla hI arthAt brahmacarya aura vijJAna hI inake vaza karane kA ekamAtra upAya hai|" yogIjana indriya rUpa bhayAnaka sarparAja ke tejapUrNa garva ko zAnta karane ke lie vIra jinendra ke dvArA upadiSTa sarvazreSTha varNa (OM) kA smaraNa kiyA karate haiN| indriya nigraha karane kA upAya mana kI ekAgratA bhI hai|' cArittapAhuDa meM kahA gayA hai ki 'manojJa aura amanojJa jIva-ajIva padArthoM meM rAga-dveSa na karane se sparzana Adi indriyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai|' tattvAnuzAsana meM bhI jJAna aura vairAgya ko indriyoM ko jItane kA upAya nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| jIvoM kI indriyA~ jaise-jaise vaza hotI haiM, vaise-vaise unake hRdaya meM vijJAna rUpI sUrya uccatA se prakAzamAna hotA hai| jisa prakAra jIvoM kA citta viSayasevana meM nirAkula rUpa tallIna hotA hai, usI prakAra yadi Atmatattva meM lIna ho jAya to aisI kauna-sI bAdhA hai, jisase mokSa prApta na ho ? - indriyajanita sukha kA svarUpa aura unakA phala - AcArya zubhacandra kI dRSTi se indriya sukha vinAzIka evaM unakA phala dukhadAyI hI hai| ve kahate haiM - 'indriyajanita sukha ko atRpti ko utpanna karane vAlA kahA gayA hai, kyoMki jaise-jaise vaha sevana kiyA jAtA hai vaise-vaise bhogalAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai tathA yaha indriyajanita sukha moha rUpI dAvAnala kI vRddhi ke lie Indhana ke samAna hai| yaha AgAmI kAla meM duHkha kI santati kA bIja hai| ... indriyaviSayoM ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne kitanI saTIka TippaNI kI hai - 'ye iMndriyaviSaya Arambha meM santApa ke kAraNa aura prApta hone para atRpti ke karane vAle tathA anta meM jo bar3I muzkiloM se bhI chor3e nahIM jA sakate, aise bhogopabhogoM ko kauna vidvAn - samajhadAra Asakti ke sAtha sevana kregaa|' indriyaviSayoM kA phala dikhAte hue AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM - 'indriyoM ke viSaya se utpanna huA sukha naraka kA to sopAna hai aura usa naraka ke mArga meM jAne ke lie pAtheya (nAztA) bhI yahI hai| tathA mokSa nagara ke dAra banda karane vAlA dRr3ha kapATa (kivAr3oM 1. jJAnArNava, 20/6. 2. vahI, 20/7.. 3. yogasAra, 4/34. 4. cArittapAhuDa, gAthA 29. 5. tattvAnuzAsana, 77. 6. jJAnArNava, 20/11. 7. vahI, 20/13. 8. iSTopadeza, 17. 187

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kI jor3I) hai| yaha sukha vighnoM kA bIja hai| vipatti kA mUla, parAdhIna, bhaya kA sthAna tathA indriyoM se hI grahaNa karane yogya hai| kisI kAraNa se dravyendriyoM meM kharAbI A jAya to phira viSaya grahaNa kI yogyatA nahIM rhtii| jinakA AtmA ina indriyaviSayoM meM ThagA gayA hai arthAt viSayoM meM magna ho gayA hai unakI viSayecchA to bar3ha jAtI hai aura santoSa naSTa ho jAtA hai tathA viveka bhI vilIna ho jAtA hai|" indriyarodha aura manorodha ke binA dhyAna karane vAloM kI vyarthatA ko jJApita karate hue granthakAra spaSTa likhate haiM ki - 'jinhoMne indriyoM ko kabhI vaza meM nahIM kiyA, citta ko jItane kA kabhI abhyAsa nahIM kiyA aura na kabhI vairAgya ko prApta hue tathA na kabhI AtmA ko duHkhI hI samajhA aura vRthA hI mokSa prApti ke lie dhyAna sAdhanA meM pravRtta ho gae, unhoMne apanI AtmA ko Thaga liyA aura ve isa loka tathA paraloka donoM se hI bhraSTa ho ge| _indriyaviSayoM ke prApti Asakti kA phala batalAte hue AcArya zubhacandra ne spaSTa kiyA hai - 'rasanA ke vaza matsya apane gale ko chidAkara mRtyu ko prApta hotI hai| sparzana indriya ke vazIbhUta ho gaDDhe meM bA~dhe gae kRtrima hathinI ke citra se hAthI ba~dhana ko prApta hotA hai tathA netra indriya ke viSaya doSa se pataMgA dIpaka kI jvAlA meM jalakara maraNa ko prApta hotA hai| jabaki bhramara nAsikA indriya ke vazIbhUta hokara sugandha se mugdha ho nAza ko prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra hariNa bhI gIta ke lolupa ho karNa indriya ke viSaya se kAla rUpa sarpa ke dvArA mAre gae haiN| aise eka-eka indriya viSaya se ukta jIva naSTa hote dIkhate haiM, kintu saMsArI jIvoM kI to sabhI indriya viSayoM meM prIti hotI hai, yaha bar3A kheda athavA Azcarya kA viSaya hai|' __ anta meM indriya saMyama kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai ki - 'jisa prakAra kachuA apane aMgoM ko saMkocatA hai usI prakAra jo saMyamI muni indriyoM ke senA samUha ko saMvara rUpa karatA hai arthAt saMkocatA vA vazIbhUta karatA hai vahI muni doSa rUpI kardama se bhare isa saMsAra meM vicaratA huA bhI doSoM se lipta nahIM hotA hai| jisa muni kA mana indriyoM ke viSayoM se kiJcinmAtra bhI kalaMkita nahIM hotA usa muni ke divya siddhiyA~ binA yatna ke utpanna hotI haiN|' uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki viSayakaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kiye binA puruSa ke prazasta dhyAna kI siddhi nahIM ho 1. jJAnArNava, 20/14-5, 18. 2. vahI, 20/21-2. 3. vahI, 20/35. 4. jJAnArNava, 20/37-8. * 188

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sktii| ata: dhyAna ke icchuka puruSoM ko kaSAyoM aura indriyoM ko jItane kA puruSArtha karanA caahie| manovijaya athavA manorodha - mumukSu sAdhaka kA sAdhanA karane kA parama lakSya mokSa kI prApti hai| isakI prApti dhyAna ke dvArA hotI hai aura dhyAna kI saphalatA mana ke vyApAra ke nirodha hone para hI nirbhara hai| yadi mana kA vyApAra nahIM rukA to dhyAna kI sAdhanA asaphala ho jaaegii| manorodha hone para hI indriyoM kI pravRtti kA nirodha ho sakatA hai| tattvAnuzAsana Adi meM kahA hai ki - 'indriyoM kI pravRtti aura nivRtti meM mana hI pramukha hotA hai| ata: mana ke jItane para hI sAdhaka jitendriya kahalAne ke yogya hotA hai|'' jisane mana kA rodha kiyA usane saba hI rokA arthAt jisane apane mana ko vaza meM nahIM kiyA, usakA anya indriyAdika kA rokanA bhI vyartha hai| AcArya zubhacandra kahate haiM ki - 'he bhavya Atman ! yadi tU karmarUpI dRr3ha ber3iyoM ko kATane ke lie udyamI haA hai to usa mana ko hI samasta vikalpoM se rokakara zIghra hI apane vaza meM kr|'2 muni ke jaise-jaise mana kI zuddhatA- sAkSAt hotI jAtI hai, vaise-vaise viveka arthAt . bhedajJAna rUpa lakSmI apane hRdaya meM sthira pada ko dhAraNa karatI hai| arthAt mana kI zuddhatA se uttarottara vivekaM bar3hatA hai| isa manorodha karane se saMsArI jIvoM ke jJAnAvaraNa aura saMsAra bhramaNa se utpanna doSa naSTa ho jAte haiN| mana ke jIta lene para sabhI arthoM kI siddhi aura abhyudaya kI prApti hotI hai| isake jIte binA vrata, niyama, tapa, zAstrAdhyayana, jJAna aura kAyakleza Adi nirarthaka haiN| manorodha ke upAya - nAgasena AcArya ne tattvAnuzAsana meM mana ke vyApAra ko rokane ke do upAya batalAe haiM - anuprekSAoM kA cintana aura svAdhyAya meM nitya udyamI honaa| AcArya hemacandra ne udAsIna bhAva ko mana ko rokane kA upAya batalAyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki - 'mana kI jisa viSaya meM pravRtti ho use usase nahIM rokanA caahie| yadi use balapUrvaka mor3A jAegA to madonmatta hAthI kI taraha unmatta hokara usakI ora hI pravRtti hogI aura use nahIM rokane se viSayoM ko prApta kara zAnta ho jaavegaa|'' svAmI kArtikeya ne mana nirodha kA upAya anuprekSAoM kA cintana batalAyA hai| 1. tattvAnuzAsana, 76. 3. jJAnArNava, 22/18. 5. tattvAnuzAsana, 79. 2. jJAnArNava, 22/9. 4. vahI, 20/20. 6. yogazAstra, 12/27-8. 189

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manorodha kA phala - isa jagat meM jo muni prazama, yama, samAdhi, dhyAna vijJAna . arthAt bhedajJAnaM ke lie tathA vinaya va naya ke svarUpa kI prApti ke lie, viveka aura udAra cAritra kI zuddhi ke lie cittarUpI durnivAra sarpa ko jItate haiM ve yogiyoM ke samUha dArA vandanIya haiM, aura muniyoM meM indra haiN|' jaba mana ko anya vikalpa va vikAroM se rahita karake AtmasvarUpa meM sthira kareM tabhI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai|2| rAgadveSa kA nirodha - priya viSayoM ke prati prIti kA honA rAga kahalAtA hai| aura apriya viSayoM meM aprIti bhAva rakhanA deSa kahalAtA hai| rAga aura deSa mohasvarUpa mamakAra aura ahaMkAra se hotA hai| arthAt mamakAra aura ahaMkAra bhAva se rAga bhI hotA hai aura dveSa bhii| jaba kisI eka viSaya ke prati rAga hotA hai to dUsare ke prati deSa avazya utpanna ho jAtA hai| ata: rAga-dveSa eka dUsare ke avinAbhAvI hai arthAt eka ke hone para dUsare kA honA Avazyaka hai| ye rAgAdika bhAva manuSya ko kabhI to mUDha karate haiM, kabhI bhrama rUpa karate haiM, kabhI bhayabhIta karate haiM, kabhI Asakta karate haiM, kabhI zaMkita karate haiM, kabhI kleza rUpa karate haiM, ityAdi prakAra se sthiratA se DigA dete haiN|' rAgadveSa nirodha ke upAya - moha ke kAraNa hI rAgadveSa hote haiM isalie moha ko naSTa karane kA prayatna karanA caahie| AcArya kundakunda ne moha-rAga-dveSa nirodha ke nimnAMkita upAya batAe haiM - __ 1. dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke dvArA arahaMta bhagavAn ke svarUpa ko jAnakara apanI AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko bhI usI prakAra jAnane se moha naSTa ho jAtA hai| 2. sarvajJa upadiSTa jainazAstroM kA adhyayana kara tattvoM kA yathArtha svarUpa jAnane se bhI moha naSTa ho jAtA hai| he Atman ! apane mana ko saMkleza, bhrAMti aura rAgAdika vikAroM se rahita karake apane mana ko vazIbhUta kara tathA vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA avalokana kr|10 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 489. 3. jJAnArNava, 22/33. 5. vahI, gAthA 85. 7. jJAnArNava, 23/25. 9. pravacanasAra, 1/80. 2. jJAnArNava, 22/35. 4. pravacanasAra, ta. pra. TIkA, gAthA 85. 6. tattvAnuzAsana, 13. 8. vahIM, 22/7. 10. pravacanasAra, 1/86. 190

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jaba mohodaya se tapasvI ke rAgadveSa pariNAma utpanna hote haiM, taba apane nirmala Atma svarupa kI bhAvanA kare, aisA karane se rAgadveSa kSaNamAtra meM prazAnta ho jAte haiN|' pUrvokta artha kA vicAra karake he dhIra-vIra ! tU nizcaya se jJAna rUpI sUrya ke prakAza kA Azraya kara, kyoMki jisako prApta hokara rAgarUpI nadI sUkha jAtI hai| jisa prakAra kaTe hue paMkhoM vAlA pakSI ur3ane meM asamartha hotA hai, vaise hI mana rupa pakSI, rAga-dveSa rUpI paMkhoM ke kaTa jAne se vikalpa rUpa bhramaNa se rahita ho jAtA hai| sAmyabhAva kA svarUpa evaM usakI prApti kA upAya - iSTa-aniSTa rUpa sacitta aura acitta padArthoM meM moha kA naSTa honA sAmyabhAva kahalAtA hai| athavA zarIra meM Asakta na rahanA sAmyabhAva hai| AcArya kundakunda ne moha aura kSobha rahita AtmA ke pariNAma ko sAmyabhAva kahA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne sAmya bhAva prApti kA pramukha kAraNa dhyAna batalAyA hai| saMyamI muni samabhAva rUpI.sUrya kI kiraNoM se rAgAdi timira samUha ke naSTa hone para paramAtmA kA svarUpa apane meM hI avalokana karatA hai| bhedavijJAnI puruSa hai so samabhAva kI sImA kA avalambana karake tathA apane meM hI apane AtmA kA nizcaya karake mile hue jIva aura karma ko pRthak-pRthak karatA hai| - AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki 'nirmamatva se sAmyabhAva hotA hai evaM anuprekSAoM se nirmamatva kI prApti batalAI hai| sAmya kI sthiti ke lie AcArya zubhacandra kA vicAra hai ki jisa samaya yaha AtmA apane AtmA ko audArika, taijasa aura kArmaNa ina tIna zarIroM se tathA rAgadveSamoha se rahita jAnatA hai taba hI samabhAva meM sthiti hotI hai| jisa yogIzvara ke samabhAva hai usake hI avicala sukha hai aura usake hI avinAzI pada aura karma kI nirjarA hai|' sAmyabhAva yaha dhyAna kA aMga hai| sAmya ke binA laukika prayojanAdika ke lie jo dhyAna karate haiM ve vyartha hI zrama karate haiN| mokSa kA sAdhana to sAmyasahita dhyAna hI hai| dhyeya kA svarUpa va Alambana - dhyAna karane yogya vastuko dhyeya kahate haiN| vaha dhyeya vastucetana aura acetana ke bheda se do prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| arthAt sabhI dravya jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta haiM, 1. jJAnArNava, 23/12. 2. samAdhizataka, 39. 3. jJAnArNava, 23/22. 4. vahI, 23/27. 5. vahI, 24/2-3. 6. pravacanasAra, 1/7. 7. jJAnArNava, 24/5. 8. yogazAstra, 4/55-6. 191

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sarvathA nitya va anityatA se rahita haiM, dhyeya hote haiN| inameM pudagala mUrtika dravya hai aura zeSa amuurtik| jIva jo ki amUrtika dravya haiM usameM do prakAra se dhyeyatA banatI hai - ekato karmarUpa AvaraNa se yukta sarvajJadeva, jo ki sakala arthAt dehasahita haiM kintu kalyANa ke pUraka arahaMta bhagavAn haiM aura dUsare nirAvaraNa va niSkala arthAt zarIrarahita siddha bhagavAn / ye jIvAdika Sadravya cetana aura acetana lakSaNa se lakSita haiN| dharmadhyAna meM buddhimAn puruSoM ko inake svarUpa kA avirodhapUrvaka yathArtha svarUpa kA dhyAna karanA caahie| dravyoM kA svarUpa samyagdarzana ke prakaraNa meM vivecita ho cukA hai| dhyAna sadAkAla nahIM hotA ata: dhyAna ke nivRtta hone ke bAda buddhimAna puruSa mana ko sAvadhAna rUpa vairAgya ko prApta kara karuNAmayI samudra meM magna karate haiN| Age paramAtmA ke dhyAna aura svarUpa kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai ki - 'vaha paramAtmA AkAra-sahita zarIrAkAra mUrtika hai tathA nirgatAkAra arthAt nirAkAra hai, niSkriya (kriyA rahita) - paramAtmasvarUpa vikalparahita, niSkampa, nitya evaM Ananda kA ghara hai| . . . vizvarUpa arthAt samasta jJeyoM ke AkAra jisameM pratibimbita haiM, avijJAta svarUpa hai arthAt jisakA svarUpa mithyAdRSTiyoM ne nahIM jAnA hai tathA sadAkAla udaya rUpa hai, kRtakRtya hai, jisako kucha bhI karanA zeSa nahIM rahA hai tathA ziva va kalyANarUpa hai, zAnta (kSobharahita) niSkala arthAt zarIrarahita tathA karuNAcyuta, indriyarahita tathA samasta bhavoM se utpanna hue klezamaya vRkSoM ko dagdha karane ke lie agni ke samAna hai tathA zuddha, karmarahita, atyanta nirlepa arthAt jinake karma rUpI lepa nahIM hai tathA jJAnarUpI rAjya meM arthAt sarvajJatA meM sthita hai| tathA nirmala darpaNa meM prApta hue pratibimba ke samAna prabhAvAlA jyotirmaya hai arthAt jisakA jJAna prakAzarUpa hai, tathA ananta vIryayukta tathA paripUrNa hai| jisake kucha bhI avayava (aMza) ghaTate nahIM, purAtana hai arthAt kisI ne nayA banAyA nhiiN| tathA nirmala, samyaktvAdi aSTaguNa sahita hai, nirdvanda, rAgAdika se rahita, roga rahita hai, aprameya arthAt jisakA pramANa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA tathA parijJAta arthAt bhedajJAnI puruSoM ke dArA jAnA huA tathA samasta tattvoM se vyavasthita arthAt nizcaya rUpa hai| tathA bAhyabhAvoM se to grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hai aura antaraMga bhAvoM se kSaNamAtra meM grahaNa karane yogya hai| isa prakAra AtmA kA svarUpa saMsAra avasthA meM to zaktirUpa aura mukta avasthA meM vyakti rUpa hai, aisA jAnakara paramAtmA ko dhyAnagocara karanA caahie|' jo paramAtmA paramANu se bhI sUkSma aura AkAza se bhI mahAn hai vaha siddhAtmA jagat se vaMdya niSpanna aura atyanta sukhamaya hai| jo vacanoM ke agocara hai aura avyakta hai, zabda se varjita janmarahita (aja) tathA bhavabhramaNa se rahita hai, aise paramAtmA kA nirvikalpa hokara cintavana kreN| 1. jJAnArNava, 24/16, 18 ___2. jJAnArNava, 31/22-27... 192

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Age paramAtmA kA dhyAna karane kI vidhi aura phala kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - 'dhyAnI muni usa paramAtmA ke svarUpa meM mana lagAkara usake hI guNagrAmoM se usameM hI apane AtmA ko Apase hI usa svarUpa kI siddhi ke lie jor3atA hai arthAt tallIna hotA hai, isa prakAra nirantara smaraNa karatA huA yogI usa paramAtmA ke svarUpa ke avalambana se yukta hokara usake tanmayatva ko prApta hotA hai| vaha paramAtmA mere grahaNa karane yogya hai aura maiM isakA grahaNa karane vAlA hU~, aise grAhyagrAhaka bhAva se varjita hotA hai arthAt bhedabhAva nahIM rhtaa| vaha dhyAna karane vAlA muni anya sabakI zaraNa chor3akara usa paramAtma svarUpa meM aisA lIna hotA hai ki dhyAtA aura dhyAna ina donoM ke bheda kA abhAva hokara dhyeya svarUpa se ekatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| jisa bhAva meM AtmA abhinnatA se paramAtmA meM lIna hotA hai vaha samarasI bhAva AtmA aura paramAtmA kI samAnatA svarUpa bhAva hai so usa paramAtmA aura AtmA ko eka karane kA svarUpa kahA gayA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba jIva 'jo paramAtmA hai vahI maiM hU~', isa prakAra dhyAtA aura dhyeya ke vikalpa ko chor3akara nirvikalpa dhyAna meM lIna hotA hai taba vaha usake prabhAva se svayaM, paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| pUjyapAda svAmI ne isI bhAva ko prakaTa karate hue likhA hai - 'yaha AtmA bhinna AtmA svarUpa arihaMta aura sidoM kI upAsanA arthAt ArAdhanA karake unhIM ke samAna arihaMta aura siddha banatA hai, jisa prakAra dIpaka se bhinna rahane vAlI battI dIpaka kI upAsanA (samIpatA ko prApta) kara dIpa rUpa banatI hai| athavA yaha AtmA apane cidAnanda svarUpa AtmA kI hI ArAdhanA kara paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| jaise vRkSa apane ko apane dvArA gharSaNa kara agni rupatA ko prApta hotA hai| .. dharmyadhyAna ke avalambana meM vAcanA, pRcchanA, parivartana evaM anuprekSA ina cAroM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha jainAgamoM meM maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyastha jaisI bhAvanAoM ko bhI avalambana svarUpa kahA gayA hai / ina bhAvanAoM kA kiJcit vivecana kara lenA upayukta hogaa| maitrI - jisa sAdhaka meM maitrI bhAvanA hotI hai vaha sabhI jIvoM ko samAna bhAva se dekhatA hai unheM apanI AtmA ke samAna jAnatA hai| isa bhAvanA ke abhyAsa se usa sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM se IrSyA, zatrutA Adi sabhI azubha bhAvanAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiM aura 'saba jIva mere mitra haiM' aisI bhAvanAe~ balavatI ho jAtI haiN| usakA ahiMsA bhAva paripuSTa ho jAtA hai vaha sabhI jIvoM ke hita meM apanA citta lagAe rakhatA hai| vaha sabhI kI kalyANa kAmanA 1. jJAnArNava, 31/28, 33. 2. vahI, 31/35-6. 3. vahI, 31/37-8. 4. samAdhitantra, 97-8. 5..bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 1705. 6. tattvArthasUtra, 7/11. 193

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karatA huA sabhI kA maMgala karatA hai| vaha hamezA yahI vicAra karatA hai ki sAre saMsAra ke jIva mere apane haiM ina saba ne mere Upara bahuta upakAra kiye haiN| isa prakAra kI bhAvanA se usakA maitrI bhAva bar3hatA hai| usake isa svabhAva kA prabhAva anya logoM para bhI par3atA hai aura ve bhI zatrutA ko chor3akara sAdhaka bana jAte haiN| isa bhAvanA kA viSaya prANImAtra hai| isako bhAne vAlA yogI samatA dhAraka bana jAtA hai| ___ pramoda - AdhyAtmika unnati aura adhyAtma yoga kI sAdhanA ke lie sAdhaka ko guNa grahaNa karane caahie| sAdhaka guNoM ko tabhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai jaba vaha guNavAna vyaktiyoM ke prati prema bhAva rakhe aura unakA sammAna kre| pramoda bhAvanA kI sAdhanA ke dvArA vyakti (sAdhaka) apanI guNa ko grahaNa karane kI zakti ko unnata karatA hai| guNI logoM ke samparka meM Ane se evaM unase prema karane va unakA sammAna karane se usake andara bhI sabhI sadguNa A jAte haiM, usakI isI vinamratApUrNa bhAvanA se usake sadguNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai ki tumhArA Arjava AzcaryakArI hai aura AzcaryakArI hai tumhArA maardv| uttama hai tumhArI kSamA aura mukti|' isa pramoda bhAvanA ko samatA yoga kA netra kahA gayA hai| jaise netra sundara, asundara sabhI cIjoM ko dekhatA hai kintu sundara vastuoM ke prati hI AkarSita hotA hai| usI prakAra se guNI vyakti sadguNoM ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| yaha guNagrahaNa karanA hI pramoda bhAvanA kahalAtI hai| kAruNya - bandhana se mukta karane kA prayatna va cintana karanA hI kAruNya bhAvanA kahalAtI hai| arthAt jo sAdhaka kAruNya bhAvanA kA anucintana karatA hai vaha na to svayaM kabhI bhayabhIta rahatA hai aura na hI kabhI kisI ko bhayabhIta karatA hai| apitu vaha bhaya se AkrAnta evaM du:khI prANiyoM ke prati prema rakhatA hai aura cAhatA hai ki sabhI sukhI raheM, saba ke du:khoM kA anta ho jaae| kAruNya kA bAra-bAra abhyAsa karane se sAdhaka kA hRdaya DhyA se paripUrNa ho jAtA hai, usake hRdaya meM karuNA evaM vAtsalya kA sAgara umar3ane lagatA hai| vaha 'sva' aura 'para' donoM prakAra kI dayA se paripUrNa vyavahAra karatA huA unakA pAlana karatA hai| sva arthAt apanI AtmA ko pIr3ita nahIM karatA tathA para arthAt vaha kabhI bhI dUsaroM ko kaSTa nahIM detaa| yaha bhAvanA samatA yoga kA hRdaya kahalAtI hai| jisa prakAra zarIra meM hRdaya kA jo sthAna hotA hai, usI prakAra samatAyoga meM kAruNyabhAvanA kA hotA hai| jisa sAdhaka kA citta nirmala evaM hRdaya komala hotA hai jo kisI dUsare kA du:kha na dekha sakatA ho, usI ko samatAyoga kI sAdhanA kI siddhi prApta hotI hai, kaThora hRdaya vAlA isakI sAdhanA nahIM kara sktaa| yaha adhyAtma yoga kA lakSya hai| mAdhyastha - samajhAne-bujhAne para bhI sAmane vAlA vyakti doSa kA tyAga na 1. jJAnarNava, 27/7. 2. jJAnarNava, 25/8-10. 194

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kare, usa sthiti meM uttejita na honA, kintu yogyatA kI vicitratA kA cintana karatA hai vahI mAdhyastha bhAvanA hai| mAdhyastha bhAvanA kA DhasarA nAma upekSAvatti bhI hai| rAgaDheSa ko na karanA, sukha-duHkha kI pratikUla sthitiyoM meM bhI samAna rUpa se rahanA sadaiva upekSAvRtti evaM mAdhyastha bhAvanA meM ramaNa karanA ye hI isa bhAvanA ke cihna hai|' jo sAdhaka isa bhAvanA kA abhyAsa karatA hai vaha pratikUla sthiti Ane para bhI samabhAva se yahI socatA hai ki du:kha aura sukha eka sikke ke do pahalU haiM inameM se kabhI sukha AtA hai aura kabhI duHkha / sukha Ane para atyadhika harSa nahIM karatA aura du:kha ke Agamana para viSAda bhI nahIM krtaa| mAdhyastha bhAvanA dimukhI hai - yaha rAga aura dveSa donoM para hI vijaya prApta karatI hai| donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva se rahane vAle sAdhaka sadaiva sukhI rahate haiN| jo manuSya sukha Ane para bhAvoM meM Asakta ho jAtA hai aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke Ane para deSa bhAva se yukta ho jAtA hai vaha ajJAnI puruSa hamezA duHkhI rahatA hai| vaha yahI socatA hai kiye sAMsArikasukha aura duHkha kI paristhitiyA~ na to zAzvata haiM aura na hI sthira, ye saba saMsAra to parivartanazIla hai, isIlie rAgadveSa kI bhAvanA karanA vyartha hai aura usake (sAdhaka) inhIM vicAroM se vaha samabhAva kI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| jahA~ use na to zoka hotA hai aura na harSa, vaha ina sabase pare pahu~ca jAtA hai| jahA~ use na to kaSAyoM kI kaluSatA rahatI hai na hI rAgadeSa kI jvAlA jalatI hai vaha to indriyoM para bhI vijaya prApta kara letA hai| yaha mAdhyastha bhAvanA samatva yoga kI antima pariNati hai, lakSya bindu hai| ina maitrI Adi cAroM bhAvanAoM se sAdhaka vItarAgatA ko prApta karatA hai| usake Atmika bhAvoM kI unnati hotI hai aura eka dina vaha Atmonnati ke zikhara para pahu~ca jAtA hai yahI mAnava kA carama lakSya hai jo vaha prApta kara letA hai, aura usake vizuddha dhyAna kA krama jo vicchinna hotA hai vaha puna: sadha jAtA hai|' AtmadhyAna kI prakriyA - yatpazyAmIndriyaistanme nAsti ynniytendriyH| anta: pazyAmi sAnandaM tadastu jyotiruttamam / / maiM jo antara meM indriyoM ko saMvarita karake, atIndriya rUpa se dekhatA hU~, vahI paramAnandamaya uttama jyoti hai, vahI merA rUpa hai| indriyoM ke dvArA jo zarIrAdi rUpa dikhatA hai vaha merA rUpa nahIM hai| mAtra paramAnandamaya uttama jyoti svarUpa ke darzana kI preraNA kI gaI 1. jJAnArNava, 27/11-12. 2. vahI, 27/8-10. 3. uttarAdhyayana, 32/91. 4. jJAnArNava, 27/14. 5. jJAnarNava, 27/19. 6. samAdhitantra 15 195

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hai| yahI Atmajyoti hai| bahirAtmA kI AtmakalpanA bhrAnta hai usakI dRSTi to mAtra bAhya dRSTi hai| maiM maiM hI hU~, zarIra, vacana aura indriyAdikase maiM alaga hU~, aisI abhrAnta dRSTi vAlA antarAtmadRSTi vAlA hotA hai| jo AtmA ko anyase, karmAdikase baddha dekhatA hai, vaha daita ko dekhatA hai, AtmA ko jar3a-cetanAdirUpa anubhava karatA hai| aura jo AtmA ko dUsare saba padArthoM se vibhakta evaM bhinna dekhatA hai, vaha use abaddha aura nirmala dekhatA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM AtmA ke svarUpa ko isa taraha spaSTa kiyA hai - 'jo AtmA ko baMdharahita, para ke sparza se rahita, anyatva rahita, calAcala rahita, vizeSa se atIta, anya ke saMyoga se rahita, aise pA~ca bhAva rUpa se dekhatA hai aura anubhava karatA hai aise Atmadarzana aura AtmAnubhUti ko zuddhanayAtmaka jAnanA caahie|' yahA~ passadi zabda se darzana kriyA kI utkRSTatA aura anivAryatA grAhya hai| isI ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM - AtmAnubhUtiriti zuddha nayAtmikA yA, jJAnAnubhUtiriyameva kileti buDhvA / / AtmAnamAtmani nivezya suniSprakampameko'sti nityamavabodhaghana:samantAt / / antardRSTi dArA yaha jo AtmAnubhUti hai, zuddha nayAtmikA hai, vahI vastuta: jJAnAnubhUti hai aisA jAnakara AtmA ko AtmA meM sanniviSTa karake use suniSkampa eka va . sarva prakAra se nitya avabodha ghana hI jAnanA aura dekhanA caahie| jo passadi appANaM abaddhapuhaM annnnnnmvisesN| . apadesasaMtamajjhaM passadi jiNasAsaNaM savvaM / / ' jo apane ko (AtmA ko) ananya, niyata, avizeSa aura asaMyukta aise pA~ca bhAva svarUpa dekhatA hai vaha sarva jinazAsana ko dekhatA hai, vaha jinazAsana dravya aura bhAva rUpa hai| antara meM vizeSa jJeyAkAra rUpa citroM ko chor3akara darzanamAtra tathA jJAnamAtra ko hI dekhA jAtA hai tathA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, taba jJAna AtmA prakaTa anubhava meM AtA hai| antardarzana vidhA dvArA ina pA~ca bhAvoM maya AtmA ko dekhane meM hI sArA jinazAsana samAhita hai| aisI antardRSTi dArA hI sAre jinazAsana ko dekhatA hai, aisI mahimA kahI hai antardRSTi kii| isase adhika kahA bhI kyA jA sakatA hai ? dazavaikAlika meM bhI dhyAna kA sahI sUtra nibaddha huA hai - "saMpikkhae appagaM 1.samayasAra, 14. 196

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appANagaM' arthAta AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko samyaka prakAra se dekho| ___ arhanta zramaNa dhyAna paddhati kI yahI mUla paddhati hai ki Apa apane ko apane meM dekho, svayaM, svayaM ko dekho, apane dvArA isa prakAra dekhakara apane ko jaano| isa paddhati meM AtmA svayaM apanA sAdhaka hai, sAdhana hai aura sAdhya hai, AtmA Apa apanA darzaka hai, darzana hai, aura dRzya hai, AtmA Apa apanA dhyAtA hai, dhyAna aura dhyeya hai| AtmA Apa apanA jJAyaka hai, jJAna hai aura jJeya hai arthAt vaha ina tripuTiyoM kA akhaNDita anAkula jyoti:piNDa hI hai, sarvAMga jJAna cetanArUpa hai| yaha antarAtmA hI vibhAva mukta hokara antardRSTi meM anubhava rUpa meM AtA hai| ye dandAbhighAta, viSama tathA deSAdi vibhAva tathA kaSAya se mukta rahakara antardRSTi kI antara prasarita yAtrA hai| ukta prakAra se nirvikalpa vizeSa avalokana meM sAdhaka vibhinna antara staroM kI saMvedanAoM ko atikramaNa karatA-karatA taTastha, sAkSitva bhAva kI sthiti rUpa sthiratA ko prApta hone lagatA hai| saba prakAra se tanAvoM, kSobhoM tathA saMskAroM se khAlI tathA nirmala hotA jAtA hai| pUrvAgraha aura rAgadveSa se mukta hokara mAtra nirvikalpa hI avalokana kro| isase jIvana meM pavitratA, gahanatA, gaMbhIratA, nirliptatA, asaMgatA, nirantara AtmA sphUrti kI prApti tathA zuddhatA rahane lagatI hai| jaba mana aura citta meM dravya-pudgala pravAha (karma-pratyaya pravAha) kA aura pratikSaNa badalate utpAdavyaya rUpa (duHkha-sukha ke bhAva) pravAha kA dRSTA bhAva jAgatA hai taba inakI anityatA ko jAnakara asaMgatA tathA bhinnatA karate-karate citrakalA kI pAradarzI kalA kA sarjana hone lagatA hai aura cidakalA udaya hone lagatI hai| citta nirmala, nirbhaya aura dRzya ho jAtA hai| vizva rahasyoM ko jAnane lagatA hai| citta ke vikAra rahita hote hI citta hI cidrUpa pariNata hotA hai, aise citta tathA cidrUpa ke sAkSI evaM dRSTA rahane kA prayatna karanA hotA hai| ... citta kI uttamatA (kuzalatA) kA usake nirmala cidrapa kI kalAtmakatA kA utkarSa karanA hotA hai, uttama citta meM mAnavIya evaM devI guNa saMpadA kA udaya hotA hai| yaha caitanya darzana kara sakane kI kalA para nirbhara hai ki mAnava prANI mAtra ke sAtha caitanya stara para, ekatva va samatva kA, ata: ahetukI karuNA, sauhArda, maitrI, samatA, ekatA, vizva vAtsalya kA saMvedana pA sake isake binA vaha apane meM dUsaroM ke samAna-tattva rUpa ko na dekha sakegA, na dUsaroM meM svayaM ke samAna divya tattva rUpa ko| antara vItarAga anubhUti kI gaharAI ke liye citta ko prekSA vdArA na kevala antardRSTA banAo, na kevala antardRSTimaya banAo, use nirasta Agraha hokara eka Atma-darzaka tathA sarvatra sAmya vAlA bhI bnaao| arhat zramaNa mArga to darzana aura cintana, bhAvanA rUpa anuprekSAoM kA samanvita / 1. samayasAra, kalaza, 13. 2. samayasAra, 15. 197

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abhyAsa mArga hai, bAraha anuprekSAoM se citta meM vItarAga anubhUti kI prIti evaM gaharAI aura vyApakatA bar3hatI hai aura inheM bar3hAnA caahie| ye anuprekSAe~ cintana tathA Atma bhAvanA ke vikAsa tathA pariSkAra rUpa haiM aura prekSA to mAtra darzana aura anubhava rUpa hI hai| cintana, dhAraNA yA bhAvanA sabase atIta niSkarSa rUpa tathA karma-nirjarAtmaka rUpa hai, abaMdha rUpa hai, sarala, sugama aura zIghratA kA asAmpradAyika zramaNa adhyAtma mArga hai|' . adhyAtma kI apekSA se jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke nimnAMkita tIna bheda kiye haiM - 1. bahirAtmA, 2. antarAtmA aura 3. prmaatmaa| 1. bahirAtmA - prathama avasthA meM AtmA kA yathArtha svarUpa karma AvaraNoM se pUrNata: AcchAdita rahatA hai| ata: usakA jJAna bhI mithyAtva yukta hotA hai| mithyAtvakarma kA udaya hone se AtmasvarUpase anabhijJa jIva zarIrAdi ko hI AtmA samajhatA hai| heya, upAdeya yA hitAhita kA viveka na hone ke kAraNa vaha viSaya bhogoM meM hI Asakta rahatA hai| ukta avasthA meM vidyamAna jIva ko bahirAtmA kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai| 2. antarAtmA - dvitIya avasthA se mithyAtva ke naSTa ho jAne se samyagdarzana kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai aura AtmA ko sva-para kA viveka arthAt bheda jJAna kI pratIti hone lagatI hai| jaina matAnusAra jisa avasthA meM zarIra ko AtmA na mAnane kI pravRtti utpanna ho jAe aura zarIra va AtmA meM bheda pratIta hone lage, use antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne ise paramAtma-avasthA ko prApta karane kA upAdeya sAdhana mAnA hai| AcArya zubhacandra evaM upAdhyAya yazovijaya prabhRti jaina viddhAn bhI antarAtmA ko sAdhakAvasthA samajhate haiM, kyoMki isa avasthA meM jIva zubhAzaya se dhArmika kriyAoM kA AcaraNa karate hue AdhyAtmika unnati kI ora agrasara hotA hai|' 3. paramAtmA - saMsArI jIvoM meM AtmA kI sabase utkRSTa sthiti 'paramAtmA' kahI jAtI hai| karmAvaraNoM se nirlipta saMkalpa-vikalpAdi upAdhiyoM se rahita zuddha, Anandamaya evaM anantaguNoM se yukta AtmA ko paramAtmA nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| bahirAtmA aura antarAtmA donoM kA kramaza: tyAga karane se paramAtmA kA svarUpa pratibhAsita hotA hai| ukta avasthA kI tulanA pAtaMjalayogasUtra meM varNita kaivalyAvasthA 1. aSTAMgayoga abhyAsa ratnadIpikA, pR. 135-6. 2. mokSapAhuDa, 5,8. samAdhizataka, 4. jJAnArNava, 32/5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 192. Adi 3. mokSapAhuDa, gAthA 9. va paramAtmaprakAza 1/13. 4. niyamasAra, gAthA 150. 5. mokSapAhuDa, gAthA 5-8. 6. adhyAtmasAra, 7/20-3. 7. samAdhitantra, TIkA, zloka 6 pR. 225. 8. bhAvasaMgraha, 272-3. 9. jJAnArNava, 26/24. . 198

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se kI jA sakatI hai| ina tInoM ke bhI avAntara bhedoM kI prarUpaNA jaina AgamoM evaM yogasAhitya meM milatI hai| jinheM AvazyakatAnusAra vahA~ se hI dekha lenA caahie| AcArya zubhacandra ne paramAtmA rUpa dhyeya kA vivecana karane ke pazcAt Atmadravya rUpa dhyeya kA vivecana karate hue nirdezita kiyA hai - jisane apanI AtmA kA svarUpa nahIM jAnA vaha paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAna sakatA hai| ata: parama puruSa paramAtmA ke dhyAna karane se pUrva AtmA ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karanA jarUrI hai, kyoMki AtmA ko jAne binA zarIrAdi se AtmA ko pRthak karake jAnanA zakya nahIM hai aura zarIrAdi ke bhedavijJAna binA AtmalAbha sambhava nahIM hai| ata: mumukSuoM ko sabase pahale samasta paradravyoM kI paryAya yA kalpanAoM se rahita AtmA kA hI nizcaya karanA caahie| yogI nirvikalpa evaM atIndriya AtmA ko para-padArthoM se pRthak tathA unameM Atmabuddhi kA tyAga karatA huA avinazvara paramAtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai| bhAratIya dhyAna-yoga kI nAnA paramparAoM ke vizAla AkAza meM pallavita va parivarddhita hone vAlI dhyAna kI aneka prakriyAoM ke madhya bhI una sabhI ke mahattva evaM phala meM eka adbhuta samAnatA evaM upAdeyatA samupalabdha hotI hai| isameM bhI AcArya zubhacandra dArA sugaThita evaM saMyojita vidhi-vidhAna kA mahattva evaM phala jAtya upalabdhi hai| isameM jahA~ karmakSaya evaM mokSopalabdhi jaisI paramparita mAnyatAe~ surakSita haiM, vahIM mAnasika avasAda kA upazamana evaM anya tanAvoM kA zaithilya jaise nava AkarSaNa maujUda haiN| isI ke kAraNa unakI racanA jJAnArNava kisI bhI sAdhaka ke lie mArgadarzana karane ke lie samucita aura pratiSThAmaya sthAna dilAne meM samartha hai| 199

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saptama adhyAya dhyAna mahatva evaM phala dhyAna-yoga kA mahattva - jaina darzana meM dhyAna-yoga kA lakSya mukhyatayA karma-nirodha aura karmanirjarA hai aura ina donoM ke dvArA azeSa karmamukti prApta karanA hai| yadyapi yogI ko aneka RddhiyA~siddhiyA~ bhI usake prabhAva se upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| para ve usakI dRSTi meM prApya nahIM hotI, mAtra AnuSaMgika hI hotI haiN| unase usako na koI lagAva hotA hai aura na usake lie dhyAna hI karatA hai| ve tathA anya svargAdi abhyudaya use usI prakAra milate haiM, jisa prakAra caoNvaloM ke lie khetI karane vAle kisAna ko bhUsA aprArthita mila jAtA hai| kisAna bhUsA / ko prApta karane kA lakSya nahIM rakhatA aura na usake lie prayAsa hI karatA hai| yogI bhI dhyAna-yoga kA ArAdhana mAtra karma-nirodha aura karma-nirjarA ke lie karatA hai| yadi koI yogI una Rddhi-siddhiyoM meM ulajhatA hai, unameM lubhAtA hai to vaha dhyAna-yoga ke vAstavika lAbha se vaMcita hotA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra AcArya umAsvAmI ne spaSTa zabdoM meM tapa se saMvara aura nirjarA karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| isI taraha AcArya rAmasena bhI apane tattvAnuzAsana meM dhyAna ko saMvara aura nirjarA kA kAraNa batalAte haiN| ina donoM se samasta karmoM kA abhAva hotA hai aura samasta karmAbhAva hI mokSa hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jainadarzana, meM dhyAna-yoga kA AdhyAtmika mahattva mukhya hai| siddhAnta cakravartI AcArya nemicandra ne apane dravyasaMgraha grantha meM likhA hai ki - 'mukti kA upAya ratnatraya hai aura yaha ratnatraya vyavahAra tathA nizcaya kI apekSA do prakAra kA hai| yaha donoM prakAra kA ratnatraya dhyAna se hI upalabhya hai| ata: sampUrNa prayatna karake muni ko nirantara dhyAna kA abhyAsa karanA caahie|'' tattvArthasArakAra AcArya amRtacandra svAmI kI dRSTi meM bhI dhyAna kA AdhyAtmika prayoga hI mukhya hai| yathA - 'yathArtha meM dhyAna meM jaba yogI apane se bhinna kisI dUsare mantrAdi padArtha kA avalambana lekara use hI apane zraddhAna, jJAna aura AcaraNa kA viSaya banAtA hai, taba vaha vyavahAra mokSamArgI hotA hai aura jaba kevala apane AtmA kA avalambana lekara use hI zraddhA, jJAna aura caryA kA viSaya banatA hai, taba vaha nizcayamokSamArgI hotA hai| ata: mokSa prApta karane vAle ratnatraya mArga para ArUr3ha hone ke lie yogI ko dhyAna bahuta Avazyaka aura upayogI hai|'5 1. tattvArthasUtra, 9/3. 2. tattvAnuzAsana, 56. 3. tattvArthasUtra, 10/2. 4. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 47. 5. tattvArthasAra, 1/4. 200

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manuSya ke cirantana saMskAra use viSaya aura vAsanAoM kI ora hI le jAte haiN| aura ina saMskAroM kI janikA evaM udabodhikA pA~coM indriyA~ to haiM hI, mana to unheM aisI preraNA detA hai ki unheM na jAne yogya sthAna meM bhI jAnA par3atA hai| phalata: manuSya sadA indriyoM aura mana kA apane ko gulAma banAkara tadanusAra ucita-anucita saba prakAra kI pravRtti karatA hai| pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki vaha nirantara rAgadveSa kI bhaTTI meM jalatA aura kaSTa uThAtA hai| yaha saca hai ki indriyoM aura mana para niyaMtraNa karanA sarala nahIM hai, ati duSkara hai / parantu yaha bhI saca hai ki vaha asambhava nahIM hai| sAmAnya manuSya aura asAmAnya manuSya meM yahI antara hai ki jo kArya sAmAnya manuSya ke lie atiduSkara hotA hai vaha asAmAnya manuSya ke lie sambhava hotA hai| aura vaha use kara bhI DAlatA hai| ata: indriyoM aura mana para niyaMtraNa karane meM Arambha meM bhale hI kaThinAI dikhe, para saMkalpa aura dRr3hatA ke sAtha nirantara prayatna karane para usa kaThinAI para vijaya pAI jA sakatI hai| indriyoM aura mana para kAbU pAne ke lie aneka upAya batAye gaye haiN| unameM pradhAna do upAya haiM - 1. paramAtmabhakti aura 2. zAstrajJAna / paramAtmabhakti ke lie paMcaparameSThI kA japa, smaraNa aura guNakIrtana Avazyaka hai| use hI apanA zaraNa mAnA jaay| isase AtmA meM nirmalatA aayegii| mana aura vANI meM nirmalatA aayegii| aura unake nirmala hone para vaha dhyAna kI ora sahajatayA jhukegA tathA dhyAna dArA uparyukta dividha mokSamArga ko prApta kregaa| paramAtmabhakti meM una saba mantroM kA jApa kiyA jAtA hai, jinameM kevala arhat, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya yA sAdhu kA bhI smaraNa hotA hai yA saMyoga ke sAtha do, tIna yA isase bhI adhika padoM kA jApa kiyA jAtA hai|' __ AcArya vidyAnandi ne likhA hai ki parameSThI kI bhakti, smaraNa, kIrtana aura dhyAna se nizcaya hI zreyomArga kI saMsiddhi hotI hai| isI se unakA stavana karanA bar3e-bar3e munizreSThoM ne batalAyA hai| - indriyoM aura mana ko vaza meM karane kA dUsarA upAya zrutajJAna hai| yaha zrutajJAna samyak zAstroM ke anuzIlana, manana aura satat abhyAsa se prApta hotA hai| vAstava meM jaba mana kA vyApAra zAstra-svAdhyAya meM lagA hogA - usake zabda aura artha ke cintana meM saMlagna hogA to vaha anyatra jAyegA hI kaise ? aura jaba vaha nahIM jAyegA to indriyA~ usa agni kI taraha ThaMDI (rAkha) ho jAyegI, jo IMdhana ke abhAva meM rAkha ho jAtI haiN| vastuta: indriyoM ko mana ke vyApAra se hI khurAka milatI hai| isalie mana ko hI bandha aura mokSa kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| zAstra-svAdhyAya mana ko niyaMtrita karane ke lie eka amokSa 1. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 49. 2. AptaparIkSA, 2. 201

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upAya hai| sambhavata: isI se 'svAdhyAya: paramaM tapa:' kahA gayA hai| uparyukta do mukhya upAya hI indriyoM aura mana ko niyaMtrita karane ke mAne gaye haiM / indriya aura mana ke niyaMtrita ho jAne para hI dhyAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| anya saba ora se citta kI vRttiyoM ko rokakara use ekamAtra AtmA meM sthira karane kA nAma hI dhyAna hai| citta ko jaba taka eka ora kendrita nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka na Atmadarzana hotA hai, na AtmajJAna aura na AtmA meM AtmA kI caryA / aura jaba taka ye tInoM prApta nahIM hote taba taka doSa aura AvaraNoM kI nivRtti sambhava nhiiN| ata: yogI dhyAna ke dvArA citta aura AnandasvarUpa hokara svayaM paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| AcArya rAmasena likhate haiM ki 'jisa prakAra satat abhyAsa se mahAzAstra bhI abhyasta evaM sunizcita ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra nirantara ke dhyAnAbhyAsa se dhyAna bhI abhyasta evaM susthira ho jAtA hai| ve yogI ko dhyAna karane kI preraNA karate hue kahate haiM - heyogin ! yadi tUsaMsAra-baMdhana se chUTanA cAhatA hai to samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa ratnatraya ko grahaNa karake bandha ke kAraNarUpa mithyAdarzanAdi ke tyAgapUrvaka nirantara sadhyAna kA abhyAsa kr|" AcArya amitagati ne dhyAna karane vAloM ko zikSA dete hue yogya hI kahA hai - 'ki AtmA saMyoga ke kAraNa nAnA duHkhoM ko pAtA hai| 2 agara vaha isa tathya ko samajha le to usa saMyoga ke chor3ane meM use ekakSaNa bhI na lage / tattvajJAna se kyA asambhava hai ? yaha tattvajJAna zrutajJAna hai aura zrutajJAna hI dhyAna hai| ata: dhyAna ke abhyAsa ke lie sarvaprathama Avazyaka hai ki indriyoM aura mana para niyaMtraNa / jaba taka donoM para niyaMtraNa nahIM hogA taba taka manuSya viSaya-vAsanAoM meM DUbA rahegA aura unase kaSToM ko bhogatA rhegaa| para yaha tathya hai ki kaSTa yA duHkha kisI ko iSTa nahIM hai, sabhI ko sukha aura zAnti iSTa hai| jaba vAstavika sthiti yaha hai taba manuSya ko satsaMgati se yA zAstrajJAna se ukta tathya ko samajhakara viSaya-vAsanAoM meM le jAne vAlI indriyoM aura mana para niyaMtraNa karanA jarUrI hai| jaba indriya aura mana niyaMtrita raheMge to manuSya kI pravRtti AtmonmukhI avazya hogI, kyoMki ve nirviSaya nahIM raha skte| AtmA unakA viSaya ho jAne para svAdhIna sukha aura zAnti kI uttarottara apUrva upalabdhi hotI jaayegii| ni:saMdeha dhyAna eka aisI avasthA hai, jo paraloka ke lie uttama pAtheya hai| vaha isa loka ko bhI sukhI, svastha aura yazasvI banAtA hai| yaha dhyAna gRhastha aura muni donoM ke lie apanI-apanI bhUmikA ke anusAra upayogI hai| yadi mAnava isake mahattva ko . 1. tattvAnuzAsana, 88. 2. sAmAyikapATha, 28. 202

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samajha le to vaha pUrva RSiyoM ke prabhAvapUrNa Adarza ko apane andara sahaja hI upasthita pA sakatA hai| . isake prabhAva se jahA~ jitendriya aura manasvI santAnoM kA janma hogA, vahIM parivAra-niyojana, saMgrahavRtti Adi aneka samasyAe~ anAyAsa hI sulajha jaayegii| ___AcArya rAmasena ke zabdoM meM isakI mahimA atulanIya hai| ve kahate haiM ki - 'dhyAna ke abhyAsa kI prakarSatA se moha kA nAza karane vAlA caramazarIrI yogI to usI paryAya se mukti taka pA jAtA hai aura jo caramazarIrI nahIM hai ve uttama devAdi kI Ayu ko prApta kara kramaza: mukti ko prApta karate haiN| yaha dhyAna kI hI apUrva mahimA hai|'' dharmadhyAna kA phala - ___ anta ke do dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa rUpa meM prarUpita kiye gaye haiN| arthAt saMsAralatA ke mUloccheda kA hetubhUta prazasta dhyAna hai aura vaha do prakAra kA hai - dharmya aura shukl| dharmyadhyAna ke phala kA nirUpaNa karate hue AcArya zubhacandra ne kahA hai ki - 'uttama manuSya bhava ke sukha bhogakara puna: bhedajJAna (zarIrAdikase AtmA kI bhinnatA) ko ullaMghana kara, saMsAske paribhramaNa se virakta ho, ratnatraya arthAt samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra ko prApta kara, durdhara tapa kara tathA apanI zakti ke anusAra dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ko dhAraNa kara aura samasta karmoM kA nAza kara, avinAzI mokSapada ko prApta hotA hai| yaha dharmadhyAna kA paramparArUpa phala hai|' __arthAt manuSya zubhadhyAna ke phala se utpanna huI svarga kI lakSmI ko bhogate haiM aura krama se mokSa ko prApta karate haiN| ___SaTkhaNDAgama ke prasiddha TIkAkAra evaM kalikAla meM sarvajJa kI upamA ko prApta AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne bhI dharmadhyAna ke phala kA nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai ki - 'acarama zarIriyoM ko svarga aura carama zarIriyoM ko mokSapradAyaka hai| akSapaka jIvoM ko devaparyAya sambandhI vipula sukha milanA usakA phala hai, aura karmoM kI guNazreNI nirjarA honA bhI usakA phala hai| jabaki kSapaka jIvoM ko to asaMkhyAta guNazreNI rUpa se nirjarA hotI hai aura zubhakarmoM ke utkRSTa anubhAga kA honA usakA phala hai|'' ... 'caramazarIrI dhyAtA ke mukti kA aura usase bhinna anya dhyAtA ke bhukti kA kAraNa banatA hai, jisane usa dhyAna se viziSTa puNya kA upArjana kiyA hai, dhyAna ke abhyAsa kI prakarSatA se moha kA nAza karane vAle caramazarIrI yogI ke usa bhava meM mukti hotI hai aura jo 1. tattvAnuzAsana, 223-4. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9/29. 3. jJAnArNava, 41/26-7. 4. dhavalA, pustaka 13, pR. 71 203

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caramazarIrI nahIM hai usako krama se mukti hotI hai|'' - yaha vicAra AcArya rAmasena ne apane tattvAnuzAsana meM spaSTa nibaddha kiye haiN| isa prakAra dharmadhyAna ke abhyAsa ke anantara isase atikrAnta hotA huA dhyAtA atyanta vizuddhi ke bala se sAkSAt mokSa kA hetubhUta zukladhyAna kA, jo ki dharma dhyAna pUrvaka hotA hai, nirmalatA ke sAtha prArambha karatA hai| dharmadhyAna kA phala atizaya puNya, saMvara aura nirjarA - utkRSTa dharmadhyAna ke dArA zubhAsava, saMvara, nirjarA aura devoM kA sukha Adi vipula phala prApta hote haiN| cAritra kI bhAvanA ke bala se jo dhyAna meM lIna hai, usake nUtana karmoM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA, purAne karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura zubha karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai| athavA jaise meghapaTala bhavana se tADita hokara kSaNamAtra meM vilIna ho jAte haiM, vaise hI dhyAnarUpI pavana se upahata hokara karma-megha bhI vilIna ho jAte haiN| AcArya yativRSabha ke matAnusAra 'sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna ke anta meM karmoM kI sarvopazamanA tathA mohanIyakarma kA kSaya dharmadhyAna kA hI phala mAnA jAtA hai|' isa dharmadhyAna meM karmoM kA kSaya karane vAle kSapaka ke sahRSTi arthAt samyagdRSTi nAmakacauthe guNasthAna se lekara sAtaveM apramatta guNasthAna paryanta anukrama se asaMkhyAtaguNI karma kI hAni hotI hai| aura jo karmoM kA upazama karane vAle upazAmaka haiM, unake krama se asaMkhyAta guNA karmoM kA upazama hotA hai, isaliye aisA dharmadhyAna AtaMka-dAhAdi du:khoM se rahita hotA huA upazamabhAva rUpa sukha ko prApta karAtA hai| , jJAnArNavakAra AcArya zubhacandra ne dharmadhyAna ke puNya rUpa phala kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai - 'dharmadhyAna ke bdArA svarga meM devoM kA sukha ninda, kSobhoM se rahita, abhyudayayukta aura nitya utsavoM se yukta divya rUpa prApta hotA hai| jo bhavya puruSa isa paryAya ke anta samaya meM samasta parigrahoM ko chor3akara dharmadhyAna se apanA zarIra chor3ate haiM ve puruSa puNya ke sAdhana rUpa aise graiveyaka aura anuttara vimAnoM meM tathA sarvArthasiddhi meM utpanna hote haiN|' zukladhyAna kA phala - vizeSa rUpa se dharmadhyAna ke phalabhUta ve hI zubhAsrava Adi tathA anupama devasukha hI Arambha ke do zukladhyAnoM kA bhI phala hai| kintu antima do zukladhyAnoM kA phala mokSa kI prApti mAnA jAtA hai| 1. tattvAnuzAsana, 197. 2. dhavalA, pustaka 13, pR. 77.. 3. tiloyapaNNattI, 3/5 4. jJAnArNava, 41/16. 204

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pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra nAmaka prathama zukla dhyAna ko prApta yogI yadi upazama zreNI para ArUDha hai to vaha cAritramoha kA upazama karatA hai aura yadi kSapaka zreNI para ArUDha hai to vaha cAritra moha kA kSaya karatA hai| isa dhyAna ke pahale karma rUpI zatruoM kA prasAra- Asrava hotA rahatA hai, parantu isa dhyAna ke hote hI unakA prasAra ruka jAtA hai| unakA saMvara hone lagatA hai aura gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~cate-pahu~cate eka sAtAvedanIya ko chor3akara samasta karma-prakRtiyoM kA saMvara ho jAtA hai| yaha dhyAna apane ApameM atyanta nirmala hotA hai aura itanA nirmala ki antarmuhUrta ke bhItara hI karmaziromaNi mohanIyakarma ko kSINa athavA upazAnta karane meM samartha hotA hai| dhyAtA muni isa dUsare zukladhyAna ekatvavitarka avIcAra se agni kI jvAlA ke samAna darzana aura jJAna ke AvAraka darzanAvaraNa aura jJAnAvaraNa karma ko antarAya karma ke sAtha kSaNamAtra meM naSTa kara detA hai| usa ditIya zukladhyAna ke prabhAva se arhanta bhagavAn ke kSAyika jJAna, darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya, samyaktva aura cAritra ye nau labdhiyA~ prakaTa ho jAtI haiN| cauMtIsa atizayoM se yukta aura cAroM dizAoM meM dikhane vAle cAra mukhoM se yukta, paramaudArika zarIra ko prApta arhanta jagat ko AzcaryakArI vaibhavayukta aSTa prAtihAryAdi ke svAmI ho jAte haiN| isake phalasvarUpa hI samasta jIvoM ko Ananda dene vAle, anya padArthoM ke Alambana se rahita AtmasApekSa ananta sukha prakaTa hotA hai| yadyapi arahanta bhagavAn ke vedanIyAdi cAra karmoM kA udaya rUpa astitva zeSa rahatA hai, kintu unake mahAduHkhadAyI mohanIyakarma kA kSaya ho cukatA hai ata: vedanIya karma vidyamAna hone para bhI apanA kArya karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| ekatvavitarka avIcAra dhyAna se ghAtikarma kA nAza karake, apane AtmalAbha ko prApta hotA hai aura atyanta utkRSTa zuddhatA ko pAkara, kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko prApta karatA hai| ___ AcArya zubhacandra ke anusAra samasta zukladhyAnoM ke phalasvarUpa nimna dazA prApta hotI hai - 'isa zukladhyAna ke prabhAva se jJAnalakSmI, tapolakSmI aura devoM ke dvArA nirmita kI jAne vAlI samavasaraNa Adika lakSmI tathA mokSalakSmI ko pAkara dharma ke cakravartI hote haiN| antaraMga bahiraMga lakSmI se sahita kevalI bhagavAn jagat se vandanIya aura saba abhyudayoM ke sUcaka aise kalyANa rUpa vibhava ko pAkara, tInoM lokoM ke adhipati hote haiN| jina bhagavAn ke nAma lene se hI bhavya jIvoM ke anAdikAla se utpanna hue janmamaraNa janya samasta roga laghu ho jAte haiN| indra, candramA, sUrya, dharaNendra, manuSya aura devoM se namaskRta hue hai caraNa jinake, aise kevalI bhagavAn zIla arthAt caurAsI lAkha uttaraguNa aura aizvarya sahita pRthvItala meM vihAra karate haiN| 205

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isa prakAra aba taka sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI aura vyuparatakriyAnivRtti ina donoM zukladhyAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA, ina donoM dhyAnoM kA phala mokSa hai|'' prathama prakAra ke zukladhyAna ke phalasvarUpa saMvara, nirjarA aura amarasukha prApta hotA hai, kyoMki isase mukti kI prApti nahIM hotii| yadyapi ina Arta-raudra Adi sabhI dhyAnoM meM citta kI sthiratA kI samAnatA hai to bhI phala kI vibhinnatA se inameM bhinnatA siddha hotI hai| ArtadhyAna kA svabhAva dhUma ke samAna hai isase tiryaJca Ayu kA bandha hotA hai| raudradhyAna kA svarUpa andhakAra ke samAna hai. isase narakAyu kA bandha hotA hai| dharmyadhyAna kA svabhAva agni ke samAna hai isase antarAtmA meM prakAza hotA hai tathA karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura zukladhyAna sUrya ke samAna hai isase lokAloka prakAzita karane vAlA kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai aura anta meM mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| yogI tapa, Asana, prANAyAma, samAdhi, dhyAna Adi dArA yogasiddhiM karatA hai athavA mokSAbhimukha hotA hai| sAdhanA ke krama meM yoga sAdhaka cirakAla se upArjita pApoM ko vaise hI naSTa kara detA hai, jaise ikaTThI kI huI bahuta-sI lakar3iyoM ko agni kSaNa bhara meM bhasma kara detI hai| yogasAdhanA ke hI krama meM aneka camatkArika zaktiyoM kA bhI udaya hotA hai, jinheM labdhiyA~ kahate haiN| ye labdhiyA~ alaukika zaktiyoM se sampanna hotI haiM, tathA sAmAnya mAnava ko Azcarya meM DAlane vAlI bhii| vastuta: jisa sAdhaka kA antima uddezya mokSa prApti hI hotA hai, vaha bhautika yA camatkArika labdhiyoM ke vyAmoha meM nahIM pha~satA / jaise-jaise yogI kA mana nirmala hotA jAtA hai vaise-vaise usameM samatA, vairAgya, sahanazIlatA, paropakAra Adi sadabhAvanAe~ jAgrata hotI jAtI haiN| lekina jo sAdhaka rAgadveSAdi bhAvanAoM ke vaza hokara raudradhyAna dArA labdhiyA~ (zaktiyA~) pAne kI abhIpsA rakhate haiM ve Atmasiddhi ke mArga se cyuta hokara saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane lagate haiN| ata: labdhiyA~ mokSAbhimukha yogI ke lie bAdhaka hI siddha hotI haiN| isalie yogiyoM ko Adeza hai ki ve tapa kA anuSThAna kisI lAbha, yaza, kIrti athavA paraloka meM indrAdi devoM jaise sukha athavA anya RddhiyA~ prApta karane kI icchA se na kreN| isa prakAra yogasAdhanA kA dhyeya zuddha Atmatattva kI prApti karanA hai aura labdhiyA~ usa yogamArga ke bIca AI huI phalasiddhi haiM, jo Atmatattva kI prApti karane meM bAdhaka bhI bana sakatI haiN| yoga sAdhanA ke daurAna prApta hone vAlI labdhiyoM kA varNana vaidika, bauddha evaM jainayoga meM kramaza: vibhUti, abhijJA tathA labdhiyoM ke rUpa meM milatA hai aura kahA hai ki labdhiyoM kA upayoga laukika kAryoM meM karanA vAMchita nahIM hai| 1. jJAnArNava 42/30-7. 2. adhyAtmataraGgiNI, pR. 62. 3. yogazAstra, 1/7. 4. dazavaikAlika sUtra, 9/4. * 206

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vaidika yoga meM labdhiyA~ - upaniSada meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki labdhiyoM se nirogatA, jarA-maraNa kA na honA, zarIra kA halkApana, Arogya, viSayanivRtti, zarIrakAnti, svara-mAdhurya, malamUtra kI alpatA Adi prApta hotI haiN| isI prakAra vibhinna prakAra kI labdhiyoM kA varNana upaniSadoM, gItA, purANa evaM haThayogAdi granthoM meM hai, jinakA vivecana-vizleSaNa karanA yahA~ abhISTa nahIM hai| yahA~ kevala yogadarzana meM varNita labdhiyoM kA paricaya hI abhipreta hai| yoga darzana meM yama, niyama Adi jo yoga ke ATha aMga kahe gaye haiM, unameM se pratyeka aMga kI sAdhanA se Abhyantara evaM bAhya donoM prakAra kI siddhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| yama se prApta labdhiyoM arthAt vibhUtiyoM ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai ki ahiMsAvrata ko pAlana karane vAle sAdhaka ke sAnnidhya meM hiMsra pazu bhI apanA krUra svabhAva chor3a dete haiM, satyavratI kA vacana kabhI mithyA nahIM hotA, asteyavrata se ratnasamRddhi prApta hotI hai| brahmacarya se vIryasaMgraha kA lAbha hotA hai tathA aparigraha se janma ke svarUpa kA bodha ho jAtA hai| __niyama se prApta labdhiyoM ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki antarbAhya zauca ke pAlana se apane zarIra ke prati jugupsA tathA aliptatA kA bhAva udita hotA hai aura citta kI zuddhi, Ananda, ekAgratA evaM indriyajaya tathA Atmadarzana kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| santoSa se utkRSTa sukha, tapa se zarIra evaM indriyoM kI zuddhi, svAdhyAya se apane iSTa devatA kA sAkSAtkAra aura Izvara praNidhAna se samAdhi kI siddhi hotI hai| Asana dvArA sardI evaM garmI kI bAdhA utpanna nahIM hotii| prANAyAma se viveka jJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya evaM vividha prakAra kI dhAraNA ke lie mana kI taiyArI hotI hai| pratyAhAra se samasta indriyoM para vijaya prApta hotI hai| isI prakAra atIta-anAgata kA jJAna, vibhinna prANiyoM kI boliyoM kI pahacAna dUsAroM kI cittavRtti kA jJAna, zarIra kI dIpti evaM halakApana, AkAzagamana Adi kI prApti ke sAtha-sAtha sarvajJatA bhI prApta hotI hai| ____ isa prakAra yogadarzana meM aneka vibhUtiyoM yA labdhiyoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai, jinakI siddhiyA~ janma, auSadha, mantra, tapa, samAdhi Adi se prApta hotI haiN| bauddhayoga meM labdhiyA~ - bauddha paramparA meM labdhiyoM kA varNana abhijJA nAma se milatA hai / bauddhayoga ke 1.zvetAzvataropaniSada, 2/12-13. 2. yogadarzana, 2/35-9. 3. vahI, 2/40-6. 4. vahI, 2/49-54. 5. yogadarzana, 3/5, 16-8, 26, 40-2 Adi. 6. vahI, 4/1. 207

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anusAra abhijJAe~ arthAt labdhiyA~ do prakAra kI hotI haiM - laukika aura lokottr|' laukika abhijJAoM ke antargata Rddhividha, divyasrota, caitIpayejJAna-pUrvanivAsAnusmRti evaM cityotpAda abhijJAe~ haiM jinase kramaza: AkAzagamana, pazu-pakSI kI boliyoM kA jJAna, paracitavijJAnatA, pUrvajanmoM kA jJAna tathA dUrastha vastuoM kA darzana hotA hai| lokottara abhijJA kI prApti taba hotI hai, jaba sAdhaka arhat avasthA ko prApta karake puna: jana sAdhAraNa ke samakSa nirvANa-mArga ko batalAne ke lie upasthita hotA hai| jainayoga meM labdhiyA~ - vaidika evaM bauddha yoga kI hI bhA~ti jaina yoga meM bhI tapa, samAdhi, dhyAnAdi dArA aneka prakAra kI labdhiyA~ prApta karane kA varNana milatA hai| anya jaina yoga granthoM kI apekSA jJAnArNava evaM yogazAstra meM labdhiyoM kA vivecana spaSTa evaM vistRta rUpa meM huA hai| ina donoM granthoM meM vistAra pUrvaka vibhinna prakAra kI labdhiyoM aura camatkArika zaktiyoM kA varNana hai, jaise janma-maraNa kA jJAna, zubha-azubha zakunoM kA jJAna, parakAyApraveza, kAlajJAna aadi| dhyAtavya hai ki ina labdhiyoM kI prApti jainayoga sAdhanA kA bAhya aMga hai, Antarika nahIM, kyoMki yoga-sAdhanA kA mU uddezaya karma evaM kaSAyAdi kA kSaya karake samyagdarzana, jJAna aura siddhi rUpa meM mokSa prApta karanA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra labdhiprApti ke lie kucha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, ve to prAsaMgika phala ke rUpa meM svata: niSpanna yA prakaTa hotI hai| ata: sAdhaka athavA yogI ina labdhiyoM se yukta hokara bhI karmoM ke kSaya kA hI upAya karate haiM tathA mokSapathika banate haiN| ve labdhiyoM meM anAsakta rahakara AtmasAdhanA meM lage rahate haiN| jainayogamata pAtaMjalayoga ke samAna jainaparamparA meM bhI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki tapa, dhyAna aura yogasAdhanA se Rddhi evaM siddhiyoM kI prApti hotI hai| AcArya haribhadra', zubhacandra, hemacandra tathA upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne bhI ukta mAnyatAnusAra apanI sahamati vyakta kI hai| jaina-paramparA meM pAtaMjalayoga ke vibhUti' zabda ko 'karmasampadA' nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai, yadyapi vahA~ vibhUti zabda ke sthAna para Rddhi athavA labdhi zabda kA prayoga adhika milatA hai| yogasiddhiyA~ sAdhaka kI madhyavartinI avasthAe~ haiM, isI dRSTi se AcArya jinadAsa ne mokSa ko 'parama avasthA' aura yaugika vibhUti Adi ko 'aparama avasthA' kahA hai| 1. vizuddhimArga, mArga 1, pR. 34." 2. jJAnArNava, 26 sarga. 3. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9/6/27. 4.yogazataka, 83-4. 5. jJAnArNava, 35/29. 6. yogazAstra, 1/8. 7. dAtriMzadvAtriMziMkA, 9/14., 18/24. 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/47. 9. dazavaikAlika, 9/2/2. 208

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jisa prakAra pAtaMjalayoga meM janma, auSadhi, mantra, japa, tapa Adi se janita aneka prakAra kI siddhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra jaina-paramparA meM bhI tIna prakAra kI RddhiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM - 1. deva, 2. rAjya aura 3. gaNi (aacaary)| inameM 'devaRddhi' janma se prApta hotI hai aura rAjyaRddhi' vividha upAyoM se tathA 'gaNiRddhi' tapa se prApta hotI hai|' jaina paramparA ke siddhAnta granthoM meM RddhiyoM-siddhiyoM kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai, isalie AcArya haribhadra, AcArya zubhacandra, AcArya hemacandra tathA upAdhyAya yazovijaya Adi manISiyoM ne apane yoga granthoM meM RddhiyoM ke svarUpa evaM bhedopabheda Adi kA vyavasthita, vistRta evaM sarvAMgINa vivaraNa prastuta nahIM kiyA / cU~ki Rddhisiddhi Adi kA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, isalie inakA jJAna prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| jaina-paramparA meM varNita siddhiyoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai - jaina Agama va Agamottara granthoM meM vibhinna prakAroM kI RddhiyoM (labdhiyoM) kI / carcA kI gaI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM jahA~ jJAna, darzana, cAritrAdi dasa prakAra kI labdhiyoM kA ullekha huA hai vahA~ tiloyapaNNattI', zrutasAgarIya tattvArthavRtti tathA dhavalATIkA meM 64, Avazyakaniyukti meM 24, SaTkhaNDAgama meM 44, vidyAnuzAsana meM 48, maMtrarAjarahasya meM 50, pravacanasAroddhAra evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM 28 RddhiyoM kA varNana milatA hai| zrutasAgarIya tattvArthavRtti ke anusAra RddhiyoM kA varNana isa prakAra hai - gaNadhara deva ATha Rr3hiyoM se yukta hote haiM - buddhi, kriyA, vikriyA, tapa, bala, auSadhi, rasa aura kSiti (kssetr)|12 buddhiRddhi 13... buddhi nAma avagama yA jJAna kA hai| usako viSaya karane vAlI RddhiyA~ 18 prakAra kI hotI haiM - 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 3/4/501. 3. bhagavatIsUtra, 8/2. 5. tattvArthavRtti, 3/36. 7. Avazyakaniyukti, 69-70. 9. mantrarAjarahasya, 1-7. 11. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 777-807. 13. tiloyapaNNattI, 4/969-1023. 2. vahI, 2/2. 4. tiloyapaNNattI, 4/1067-91. 6. dhavalA, pu. 14, pR. 58. 8. SaTkhaNDAgama, 4/1/9. 10. pravacanasArodAra, 1492-1508. 12. tattvArthavRtti, 3/36. 209.

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ti / 1. kevalajJAna - cAra ghAtiyA karmoM arthAt jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya tathA antarAya karmoM ke kSINa hone para pUrNa atIndriya jJAna kevalajJAna kI praapti| 2. avadhijJAna - avadhijJAna rUpI (sparza, gandha, rasa, varNayukta) padArthoM ke traikAlika padArthoM ko jAnane kI kssmtaa| 3. mana:paryAya - saMjJI jIvoM ke manogata bhAvoM ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnane kI saamrthy| bIjabuddhi - sune hue grantha ke eka bIjapada ko jAnane se hI aneka padoM aura unake arthoM ko jAnane kI kssmtaa| 5. koSThakabuddhi - guru-mukha se eka hI bAta smRta, zravita evaM paThita jJAna ko akSaraza: grahaNa kara smRti meM surakSita rakhane kI kssmtaa| 6. padAnusArI - eka pada ke AdhAra para pUre zloka yA sUtra ko jAna lene kI kssmtaa| 7. saMbhinnasota -pratyeka aMga se sunane kI kSamatA tathA sabhI indriyoM dvArA eka dUsare kA kArya karane kI sAmarthya / 8. dUrasvAditva - jihvA indriya ke utkRSTa viSayakSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojanoM ke vividha rasoM ko jAna lene kI kssmtaa|| 9. dUradarzitva - cakSurindriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojanoM meM sthita dravyoM ko dekhane kI saamrthy| 10. dUrasparzatva- sparzanendriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojanoM taka ATha prakAra ke sparzoM ko jAna lene kI kssmtaa| 11. dUraghrANatva - ghrANendriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojanoM taka bahuta prakAra ke gaMdhoM ko grahaNa karane kI yogytaa| 12. dUrazravaNatva - zrotrendriya ke utkRSTa viSaya kSetra ke bAhara saMkhyAta yojana paryanta taka sthita manuSyoM-tiryaJcoM ke akSara-anakSara rUpa zabdoM ko sunane kI saamrthy| 13. dazapUrvitva - muniyoM ke dazapUrva ke par3hane meM 500 mahAvidyAoM aura 700 laghuvidyAoM ke devatA Akara AjJA mAMgate haiN| usa samaya jo muni jitendriya 210

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hokara una vidyAoM kI icchA nahIM karate ve 'vidyAdhara zramaNa' isa paryAya nAma se bhuvana meM prasiddha hote hue abhinna dazapUrvI kahalAte haiN| una muniyoM kI buddhi dazapUrvI jAnI jAtI hai| 14. caturdazapUrvitva - sampUrNa zruta arthAt caudaha pUrvo meM paarNgttaa| 15. aSTAMgamahAnimitta - nabha, bhauma, aMga, svara, vyaMjana, lakSaNa, cihna aura svapna - ina ATha bhedoM sahita nimitta jJAna meM kuzalatA prApta honaa| 16. prajJAzramaNa athavA prAjJazramaNa - adhyayana ke binA hI caudaha pUrvo meM se atisUkSma viSaya kA nirUpaNa karane meM kushltaa| yaha Rddhi autpattikI, pAraNAmikI, vainayikI aura karmajA bheda se cAra prakAra kI hotI hai| inameM se pUrva bhava meM kie gaye zruta ke vinaya se utpanna hone vAlI autpattikI, nija-nija jAti meM utpanna huI pAriNAmikI, dAdazAMga zruta ke yogya vinaya se utpanna hone vAlI vainayikI aura upadeza ke binA hI vizeSa tapa kI prApti se AvirbhUta huI caturtha karmajA prajJAzramaNaRddhi kahalAtI hai| 17. pratyekabuddhi - guru ke upadeza ke binA hI karmoM ke upazama se samyagjJAna aura tapa ke viSaya meM prgti| - 18. vAditva- zakrAdi ke pakSa ko bhI bahuta vAda se niruttara kara denA aura para .. ke dravyoM kI gaveSaNA krnaa| vikriyARddhi yA vaikriyaRddhi zarIra ko choTA, bar3A, bhArI, halkA Adi karane kI kSamatA / yaha 11 prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai - _ 1. aNimA - zarIra ko aNu ke samAna choTA banAne kI kssmtaa| 2. mahimA - zarIra ko meru ke barAbara bar3A banAne kI sAmarthya / 3. laghimA - zarIra ko vAyu se bhI halkA banAne kI kssmtaa| 4. garimA - zarIra ko vajra se bhI adhika bhArI bnaanaa| 5. prApti - bhUmi para khar3e rahakara aMgulI se meru, sUrya, candrAdi ko chU lene kI saamrthy| 6. prAkrAmya - jala ke samAna pRthvI para bhI unmajjana - nimajjana kriyA karanA aura pakSI ke samAna jala para bhI gamana krnaa| 1..tiloyapaNNattI, 4/1024-32. 211

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7. Izitva - samasta jagat para prabhutva prApta krnaa| 8. vazitva - tapa dArA samasta jIvoM ko vaza meM krnaa| 9. apratighAta - zaila, zilA yA vRkSAdi ke madhya meM hokara AkAza ke samAna gamana karane kI saamrthy| 10. antardhAna - adRzya hone kI sAmarthya / 11. kAmarUpitva - eka sAtha aneka rUpa nirmANa karane kI saamrthy| kriyARddhi cAraNa aura AkAzagAmitva bheda se kriyARddhi se do prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai - cAraNaRddhi - cAraNa, cAritra, saMyama, pApakriyAnirodha - inakA eka hI artha hai / isameM jo kuzala arthAt nipuNa haiM ve cAraNa kahalAte haiN| cAraNa Rddhi ke jalacAraNa, jaMghAcAraNa, phalacAraNa, puSpacAraNa, patracAraNa, agni-zikhAcAraNa, makar3ItantucAraNa Adi puna: kaI prabheda kiye gaye haiN| 1. jalacAraNa - jalakAMyika jIvoM ko kaSTa diye binA samudra ke madhya jAne tathA daur3ane kI kssmtaa| jaMghAcAraNa - cAra aMgula pramANa pRthvI ko chor3akara AkAza meM ghuTanoM ko mor3e binA bahuta yojanoM taka gamana karane kI saamrthy|' phalacAraNa - vanaphaloM meM rahane vAle jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake unake Upara clnaa| 4. puSpacAraNa - bahuta prakAra ke phUloM meM rahane vAle jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake unake Upara se clnaa| patracAraNa - bahuta prakAra ke pattoM meM rahane vAle jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake unake Upara se gamana krnaa| agnizikhAcAraNa - agnizikhAoM meM sthita jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake una vicitra agnizikhAoM se gamana krnaa| 7. makar3ItantucAraNa - zIghratA se kiye gaye pada vikSepa meM atyanta laghu hote hue makar3I ke tantuoM kI paMkti para se gamana krnaa| 1. tiloyapaNNattI, 4/1033-45. 212

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3. yogazAstra kI svopajJavRtti meM cAraNaRddhi ke uparyukta bhedoM ke atirikta zreNIcAraNa, dhUmacAraNa, nIhAracAraNa, avazyAyacAraNa, meghacAraNa, vAridhArAcAraNa, jyotirazmicAra tathA vAyucAraNa Adi labdhiyoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| AkAzagAmitva - AkAza meM Ane-jAne kI viziSTa zakti prApta honaa| tapaRddhi 1 tapaRddhi ke 7 bheda mAne gaye haiM - 1. ghoratapa, 2. mahAtapa, 3. ugratapa, 4. dIptatapa, 5. taptatapa, 6. ghoraguNabrahmacAritA aura 7. ghorpraakrmtaa| __ ghoratapa - siMha, vyAghra, cItA, svApada Adi duSTa prANiyoM se yukta girikandarA Adi sthAnoM meM aura bhayAnaka zmazAnoM meM tIvra Atapa, zIta Adi kI bAdhA hone para bhI ghora upasargoM kA shnaa| mahAtapa - pakSa, mAsa, chahamAsa aura eka varSa kA upavAsa karanA athavA matijJAnAdi cAra samyagjJAnoM ke bala se maMdarapaMkti siMhaniSkrIDita Adi sabhI mahAn tapoM ko krnaa| ugratapa - paMcamI, aSTamI aura caturdazI ko upavAsa karanA tathA do yA tIna bAra AhAra na milane para tIna, cAra athavA pAMca upavAsa krnaa| dhavalA tathA tiloyapaNNattI meM ugratapake do upabheda mAne gaye haiM - ugrogratapa aura * avasthitatapa / dIkSopavAsa Adi ko karake AmaraNAMta eka-eka adhika upavAsa ko bar3hAkara nirvAha karanA ugrogratapa hai| dIkSA ke lie eka uvAsa karake pAraNA karanA, puna: eka dina ke antara se upavAsa karake pAraNA krnaa| isa prakAra kisI nimitta se eka upavAsa ke sthAna para do upavAsa - (SaSThopavAsa) karanA, phira do se vihAra karate hue aSTama, dazama aura dAdaza Adi ke krama se upavAsoM ko jIvanaparyanta bar3hAte jAnA, pIche na haTanA, avasthita ugratapa kahalAtA hai| dIptatapa - zarIra se bAhara sUrya jaisI kAnti kA niklnaa| 5. taptatapa - tape hue lauhapiNDa para girI huI jala kI bU~da kI taraha AhAra grahaNa karate hue AhAra kA patA na laganA arthAt AhAra kA paca jaanaa| 6. ghoraguNabrahmacAritA yA aghorabrahmacAritva - muni ke kSetra meM bhI cora Adi kI bAdhAe~, kAla mahAmArI aura mahAyuddha Adi kA na honA athavA saba guNoM ke Azraya se maharSi kA brahmacAritva aghora (zAnta, akhaNDita) rhnaa| 1. tiloyapaNNattI, 4/1049-57. - 213

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7. ghoraparAkrama - muniyoM ko dekhakara bhUta, preta, rAkSasa, zAkinI Adi kA, Dara jaanaa| balaRddhi balaRddhi ke tIna bheda haiM - 1. manobala, 2. vacanabala aura 3. kaaybl| 1. manobala - antarmuhUrta meM sampUrNa zruta ko cintana karane kI sAmarthya / 2. vacanabala - antarmuhUrta meM sampUrNa zruta ko pATha karane kI saamrthy| . 3. kAyabala - mahInoM taka eka hI Asana se baiThe yA khar3e rahane kI kSamatA athavA aMgulI ke agrabhAga se tInoM lokoM ko uThAkara dUsarI jagaha rakhane kI sAmarthya kA honaa| auSadhaRddhi auSadhaRddhi ATha prakAra kI hai| jina yogiyoM-muniyoM ke kapha, zleSma, viSThA, kAna kA mala, dAMta kA mala, AMkha aura jIbha kA mala, hAtha Adi kA sparza, viSThA, mUtra, keza, nakha Adi kathita yA akathita sabhI padArtha auSadha rUpa bana jAte haiM aura unase prANiyoM ke asAdhya roga bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM, ve auSadhaRddhi ke dhArI hote haiN| ye RddhiyA~ ATha prakAra kI hotI haiM - 1. AmISadhi - yogI ke hAtha-paira Adi ke sparzamAtra se prANI kA nIroga ho jaanaa| 2. kSvelauSadhi - yogI kI lAra, kapha, akSimala aura nAsikAmala se jIvoM kA rogoM kA vinaash| 3. jallauSadhi - yogI ke sveda, pasIne Adi se rogoM kA naash| 4. malauSadhi-yogI ke jihvA, oSTha, dAMta, zrotrAdi ke mala se jIvoM ke samasta rogoM kA naSTa honaa| 5. viprauSadhi - yogI ke mUla, viSThA Adi se jIvoM ke bhayAnaka rogoM kA naash| 6. sarvauSadhi - yogI ke sparza kiye hue jala va vAyu tathA roma aura nakha Adi se vyAdhi kA niraakrnn| 1. tiloyapaNNattI, 4/1061-66. 2. vahI, 4/1067-76. 214

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7. mukhanirviSa - yogI ke vacanamAtra se tiktAdi rasa va viSa se yukta vividha prakAra ke anna kA nirviSa honaa| AsyanirviSa muni ke vacana ke zravaNa mAtra se hI vyAdhiyukta manuSya kA svastha ho jaanaa| 8. dRSTinirviSa - yogI dArA roga aura viSa se yukta jIva ko dekhane mAtra se usakA nIroga ho jaanaa| rasaRddhi isake 6 bheda haiM - 1. AzIviSa - yogI dvArA kisI prANI ko 'mara jAo' aisA kahane para usa prANI kI tatkSaNa hI mRtyu ho jaanaa| 2. dRSTiviSa - kisI kruddha muni ke dvArA kisI prANI ke dekhe jAne para usa prANI kI usI samaya mRtyu ho jaanaa| 3. kSIrAsAvI- yogI ke hAtha meM Ae hue nIrasa bhojana evaM vANI kA kSIra ke samAna madhura evaM santoSajanaka ho jaanaa|| 4. madhvAsAvI- yogI ke hAtha meM Ae hae nIrasa bhojana evaM vANI kA madhu ke samAna madhura ho jAnA athavA yogI ke vacanoM kA madhu Adi dravya ke samAna ho jaanaa| 5. sarpirAsAvI - yogI ke hastagata nIrasa bhojana evaM vANI kA ghRta ke samAna snigdha honaa| 6. amRtasrAvI - yogI ke hastagata nIrasa bhojana evaM vANI kA amRta ke .. samAna vizuddha evaM nirmala ho jaanaa| kSetraRddhi kSetraRddhi ke do bheda haiM - 1. akSINamahAnasaRddhi aura 2. akssiinnmhaalyRddhi| ___ 1. akSINamahAnasa Rddhi yA akSINamahAnasika - kisI muni yA sAdhu dArA kisI ke ghara meM bhojana kiye jAne para bhikSA yA bhojana kI kamI na honaa| 2. akSINamahAlaya - kisI muni yA sAdhubdArA kisI mandira meM nivAsa karane para usa sthAna meM samasta deva, manuSya aura tiryarthI ko bAdhArahita nivAsa karane kI zakti prApta honaa| 1. tiloyapaNNattI, 4/1077-85. 2. tiloyapaNNattI, 4/1088-91. 215

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bhAratIya dhyAna-yoga kI samRddha evaM vaibhavazAlI paramparA ke prasthApaka maharSi vedavyAsa, maharSi pataMjali, AcArya kundakunda Adi jaise aneka sAdhaka evaM siddhamaharSiyoM ne dhyAna-yogasAdhanA ke lie jisa prakAra kI prakriyA kI prarUpaNA kI hai, vaha mUlata: adhikAMza sAmyatA ke AdhAra para hI sthira hai| unakI prakriyA meM batalAye gaye yogAMgoM kA krama va svarUpa kadAcit anukrama meM ho yA na ho parantu usase upalabdha hone vAlI siddhi ke lie sabhI ekamata evaM nizcitamata dikhAI dete haiN| aura yahI isa paramparA kA mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne bhI isI sthApita paramparA ko samaya evaM pariveza ke anukUla prastuta kara yoga evaM dhyAna ko sarala banAne ke sAtha hI gauravapUrNa bhI banAyA hai| unake dvArA nirUpita prakriyA jahA~ vaijJAnika vargIkaraNa evaM mahAkAvya jaise pravAhamAna kathAnaka kI taraha vyavasthita hai, vahIM sAMgopAMga vivecana ke kAraNa upAdeya evaM sadya: saphalatA pradAna karane vAlI hai| 216

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aSTama adhyAya . upasaMhAra yoga vidyA isa bhArata dharA kI hI utkRSTa aura ati prAcIna kAla se AI vidyA hai| parama tattva pAragAmI manISI arhatpuruSoM evaM tIrthaMkaroM ne jijJAsA aura vicAraNA taka hI na rahakara antarAtma kSitijoM ke pAra svayaM Ananda mUrti jJAnaghana rUpa meM hI apane ko vikasita bhI kiyA thaa| yoga vijJAna kA utsa prANI-jIvana ke pariSkAra ko, nirmala satya Ananda svarUpa ko lakSya karake tathA usako hI samarpita hokara isa bhArata dharA para unhoMne kiyaa| vizva ke akhila dharmoM kA eka hI srota rahA hai| saddharma vahI hai jo mAnava ko du:kha mukta karake nirmala Ananda svarUpa meM dhRta rkhe| mUla sadharma ke hI mUla AdhAra tattvoM ko lekara vibhinna saMpradAya paripuSTa hue haiN| vibhinna darzana-bhUmiyoM para se hI nAnAtva dRSTigocara hotA hai| nirmala Atma svarUpa kI antardRSTi para to prANImAtra samAna rUpa se cetana tattva hI dIkha par3atA hai| jaba parama ziva prabhu hiraNyagarbha vRSabhezvara ne isa vizva ko isa yuga ke Arambha meM sarvaprathama yogazAsana diyA taba mAnava jAti nAnA matoM tathA saMpradAyoM meM vibhakta na thii| usa yogamaya dharma-pravartana meM eka hI sadharma kI dRSTi thI, eka hI nirmala Atma jJAna kI avadhAraNA thii| yaha samUcI mAnava jAti ke lie thii| isakI sImAe~ kisI eka pradeza yA kAlakhaNDa ke lie nahIM thii| yaha zAzvata dharma avatAraNA thii| sarva yogIjana, Agama, manISI puruSa tathA prAcIna saMpradAya eka svara se hiraNyagarbha prabhu ko hI Adi pUrNapuruSa tathA yoga ke pravaktA svIkAra karate haiN| jaina paramparA unheM hiraNyagarbha kahane ke atirikta prathama tIrthaMkara AdIzvara Adi bhI kahatI hai| veda racanA se pUrva yogavidyA usa yoga zAsana meM paripakva ho cukI thI, yaha eka sarvamAnya tathya hai| sampUrNa jIvana kI viziSTa paddhati rUpa yaha yoga sAre vizva meM prAcInatama vidyA hai| isake prANadAyI tattvoM ko apanI-apanI dhAraNA tathA darzana mAnyatA anusAra sarvatra grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| eka samAna sUtra kI taraha yaha yoga sarvadharma-saMpradAyoM kI ekamUlatA ko bhI prakaTa karatA hai| yaha yoga vedapUrva prAgaitihAsika kAla se jur3A hai| isameM AtmA kI maulikatA nirmalatA tathA anekAnta dRSTi Adi ve tattva haiM, jo mAnava ke sadarUpAntaraNa ke lie mUlabhUta haiM, tathA rASTrIya ekIkaraNa, sarvadharmasamAdara, mAnasika utkrAnti ke lie bhI AdhArabhUta haiN| . - vedoM kI tulanA meM upaniSada, jaina Agama tathA bauddha tripiTaka Adi arvAcIna samajhe jAte haiN| parantu yaha nizcita hai ki arvAcIna samajhe jAne vAle Agama sAhitya meM jo AdhyAtmika cintanadhArA pAI jAtI hai, vaha ati prAcInatama kAla se hI calI A rahI hai| 217

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usakA srota sudUravartI atIta meM se hI pravAhita hotA AyA hai| vahI kAlAntara meM lipibaddha hokara bahuta aMzoM meM adyAvadhi surakSita hai| yaha sunizcita hai ki yoga zAsana ke puraskartA hiraNyagarbha RSabhadeva hI hai, jinakI RgvedAdi meM stutiyA~ haiN| veda sUktoM para sAyaNabhASya to apekSatayA arvAcIna hai aura yaha sacAI hai ki sAyaNa ne zrI zaMkara pUjyapAda se prabhAvita aura prerita hokara veda maMtroM ke artha karane ke kaI jagaha prayatna kie haiN| veda upadeza hI nahIM, itihAsa bhI hai, usa itihAsa ke sAtha bhArata kI gauravazAlI prAcIna gAthAe~ bhI jur3I huI haiM | vegAthAe~ una prAcIna tresaThazalAkA puruSoM se jur3I haiM, jinase bhArata ke Alokamaya adhyAya bne| unase hI hamArI dharma, saMskRti aura sArI vidyAoM ke utsa jur3e haiN| tIrthaMkara aura arhatpuruSa vItarAgI aura nimrantha rahe, ve mAtra pravacana karate the, ata: grantha racanAe~ nahIM kii| jaina Agama tathA yoga racanAe~ bahuta bAda meM usa sarasvatI kAla meM Arambha huI jisakA patA mathurA kI kaMkAlI TIle ke utkhanana se prApta sarasvatI evaM jaina mUrtiyoM se calatA hai| isake bAda to dakSiNa aura phira uttara bhArata ke kaI samartha AcAryagaNoM ne mahattvapUrNa grantha praNayana kie| AgamazAstra, niruktiyoM Adi ke atirikta yoga viSayaka racanAoM meM dhyAnazataka yA dhyAnAdhyayana, jJAnArNava, tattvAnuzAsana, yogasAraprAbhRta, yogamArga, yogAmRta, AdipurANa, samAdhitantra, iSTopadeza, tattvArthasUtra tathA usakI aneka TIkAe~, paramAtmaprakAza, dravyasaMgraha Adi ke alAvA pravacanasAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra, rayaNasAra, aSTa pAhuDa, paMcAstikAya, samayasArakalaza, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, AtmAnuzAsana Adi digambara racanAe~ haiM tathA yogasaMdRSTiyA~ Adi, hemayogazAsana Adi zvetAmbara racanAe~ bhI haiN| bAda kI racanAoM meM samayasAranATaka, chahaDhAlA, brahmavilAsa, adhyAtmarahasya, dhyAnopadeza, cidilAsa, anubhavaprakAza, jJAnadarpaNa tathA yogapradIpa Adi anya digambara racanAe~ haiN| prakaTa hI jainoM meM vipula yoga tathA adhyAtma sAhitya racanAe~ haiN| inameM vaha cintana paryApta prastuta huA hai jo mUlata: prAcIna rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai yoga ke lakSya, svarUpa tathA mokSAdi tattva pratipAdana meM jainadRSTi ekasvarase samAna hI rahatI AI hai, jo isakI viziSTa maulikatA hai| jabaki yaha bAta anya sampradAyoM meM mokSAdi avadhAraNA ke sambandha meM nahIM dekhI jaatii| jaina adhyAtma paramparA meM aba bhI AcArya evaM munijanoM kA vihAra hai, yadyapi sarvajJa tIrthaMkaroM kA isa bhUbhAga meM vihAra nahIM hai| yaha paramparA cAhe kaI zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gaI, para phira bhI siddhAntAdi tathA yoga tattvoM meM maulika rUpa se eka tathA samAna hai| samartha AcAryagaNoM ne paramparA se prApta tIrthaMkara pravacana tathA jJAna ko avadhArita karake 218

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vyAkhyAoM Adi ke rUpa meM yathA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se puna: puna: vivecita kiyA hai| sarvajJa tIrthaMkaroM ke vacana sUkSma rUpa meM adyAvadhi apanI sampUrNa jyoti-zaktiyoM ke sAtha gagana maNDala meM spaMdita haiM aura sAdhaka yogIjanoM ko una vacanoM meM nihita mahimAmaya sadasaMkalpoM ke pratyakSa citramaya darzana aura anubhava bhI hote rahe haiN| unameM Aja bhI unake abhimukha hone para mAnava ko mAnavatA tathA devatva meM pratiSThita karane kI kSamatAe~ vartamAna haiN| yoga kA mArga sarvatra arhatpuruSoM jinezvaroM ke caraNa cihnoM se suspaSTa cihnita hai, isase svapuruSArtha se, Atma zaraNa lene se antaryAtrita hone para calA jAtA hai| yaha yoga zAsana jainoM meM matti-magga yA muktimArga vA tapoyoga ke nAma se jAnA jAtA rahA hai| isameM jIvana darzana ke atirikta dhyAna, cAritra, tapa, ahiMsA Adi aneka upAya ratnatraya rUpa mokSamArga kA kathana hai| RSigaNoM ne ise zreSTha vidyA svIkAra kiyA - "sA vidyA yA vimuktaye'' - aisA udghoSa kiyaa| ___ arhatpuruSoM ne mAnava kI abhivyakti ko sudhArane hetu tathA duHkha mukti ke hetu mAnava ke antarnihita prabhu-tattva ko hI bAhara prakaTa karane ke prayatna die haiM, mAnava kI vartamAna cetanA ke anya parama cetanA meM urvIkaraNa ke udyoga kie haiN| unake nikaTa varNa, jAti, kula, mata, pantha Adi ke grahaNa tathA bheda rekhAe~ bhI mahattvahIna rahI haiN| ve sarva kRtrima bheda sImAoM se pare, svayaM mAnava ke hI parama satya ke khojI aura pravaktA rahe haiN| yaha parama satya hI mAnava meM sadA se vidyamAna rahA hai aura vikAsa kI pratIkSA meM haiN| usa satya ke nirAvaraNa meM darzana aura ArAdhana hI mukhya tattva haiM / usa darzana ko unhoMne nirvikalpa hokara prApta kiyaa| darzana kA hI vistAra jJAna hai| vaha jJAna samagra astitva kA hai| samagra astitva ke darzana se hI samagra jJAna kA pratiphala milatA hai| apane darzana tathA jJAna se bar3A yA uccatara na koI tattva hai, na dravya hai| AtmA svayaM apanA Izvara hai, niyAmaka hai| ata: vahI eka mAtra zaraNa hai| paMcaparameSThI isa AtmA ke hI svarUpa haiN| parameSThI kA artha hai jo parama svarUpa AtmA meM sthita hai| yahI to mAnava AtmA kA parama prAptavya hai| yaha prApta hI hai - mAtra vikasita hone tathA AvaraNa kSaya hone kI hI pratIkSA hai| mAnava kI sarva iyattA apane parama jJAna ke udghATana taka hI hai - arthAt sarvajJatA hI iyattA hai yA kaheM vahI anantatA hai| sva tathA para saba tattvoM tathA dravyoM kI vidyamAnatA jJAna tathA jJAna ke dvArA hI hai| saba para padArtha hI kyA - svayaM AtmA bhI apane astitva, sattA, paricaya, siddhi tathA sArthakatA ke lie AtmA ke caitanya jJAna kI RNI hai| . satya dharma Atmaparaka va Atmadharma rUpa hI ho sakatA hai, anAtma yA para-svarUpa rUpa ho bhI kaise sakatA hai ? AtmA kA sahaja svabhAva darzana, jJAna rUpa hI hai aura AtmA 219

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kI pariNati tathA upayoga pariNAma bhI cidrUpa hai| isI ke antastattva kA pravacana arhat tIrthakara karate haiN| isake hI vistAra maya cintana meM AgamoM kA sarjana huA hai aura saMkSepa meM yaha nirakSara oMkAra dhvani rUpa hai| yahI sadharma sadA jIvanta hai| isakA unmeSa yA sAkSAtkAra cintana-dhyAna kI parAkASThA meM, nizciMtanA ke kAlajayI kSaNa meM sambhava hotA hai| Atmatattva kI mAnyatA, niSThA, zraddhA hI isa yoga dharma kA AdhAra hai| yaha mAnyatA hI anta:praviSTa hokara sAkAra tathA sAkSAtkAra ko prApta karAtI hai| yahI AgamacakSu kI sadRSTi ko grahaNa karake parama satya ke darzana ko sambhava karAtI hai| samyagdRSTi hI parama satya ko AvirbhAva karake nirAvaraNa dekhatI hai| isIlie usakA svarUpa satya saMsparzI hotA hai| nija antaryAtrA meM, samyakcAritra meM jJAna ke anurUpa jIvana sthiratA meM hI svasaMvitti rUpa parama Atmatattva kA darzana samupalabdha hotA hai| isa yoga vijJAna meM darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI akhaNDatA hai| cAritra hI sAre yoga abhyAsa kI carama pariNati hai| yaha AtmA ko AtmA ke nirmala svarUpa meM yoga karAne se sArthaka rUpa hI yogavijJAna hai| vivikta AtmA ke jo avyaya, nitya hai, parijJAna meM jJAna aura samprApti (avasthiti) antarnihita hI hai| isa avasthA ko hI viSamatA se nivRtti aura samatA meM pravRtti kahA jAtA hai| yaha samatA hI samAdhi hai| yaha Atma-parispaMdana,rUpa yogAvasthA se ayoga kI utkRSTa ayogijinezvara rUpa AtmAvasthA meM le jAtA hai| vahI pUrNa yogAvasthA hai| yaha kisI eka naya yA dRSTi kI saMkIrNatA se baMdhA nahIM hai| yaha anekAnta AtmA kA pratipAdaka aura pratiSThApaka hai| Atmavizuddhi hI adhyAtma kA kendrIya viSaya hai| ata: yaha vijJAna mAnava vyakti ko Atmakendrita karatA hai| mAnava sAmAjika prANI hai - samAja meM vaha janmatA hai aura samAja meM hI zikSita tathA dIkSita hotA huA jIvana-yApana ke sAdhana pAtA hai| usameM jIvana kI sArthakatA, anuzAsana, tapa, tyAga Adi samAja ke mAdhyama se hI panapate haiN| vaise samAja bhI vyakti kA hI vistAra hai| vyaktiyoM se hI samAja banatA hai| yaha satya hai ki jo vyakti Atmakendra kA paricaya pA letA hai, vahI AtmA ke jIvana kI nirmalatA meM snAta ho jAtA hai aura vahI samAja meM phira nirmalatA ke mUlyoM ko, naitikatA ke mUlyoM ko sthApita bhI kara sakatA hai| AtmajJAna binA vyakti meM sattA, dhana Adi kA mada bar3ha jAtA hai aura vaha apanA aura samAja kI sevA kara sakane ke bajAya apakAra hI adhika karatA hai| AtmajJAna kI sAmAjika upAdeyatA bahuta hai| dharma saMsthApana kA AdhAra yahI jJAna mAnava 220

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ko paramArtha ke lie saMkalpavAna banAtA hai| sarvajJa puruSoM ne prakaTa kiyA hai ki AtmA ke maulika nirmala svarUpoM ke Alekha pahale to lezyA varNoM meM, tadanantara alezya vargoM meM prakaTa hote haiM, jo Anandamagna kara dete haiN| arhatpuruSoM ke saMkalpa sAdhakoM ko Aja bhI varNa aura avarNa rUpoM meM bimbita hue anubhava meM Ate haiM aura inakI anubhUtiyA~ hI jIvana kI sabase bar3I sampadA ke rUpa meM hotI hai| yogacaryA se hI mAnava mAnasika-zArIrika vyAdhiyoM, cintAoM tathA tanAvoM se mukta hokara cetanA ke nirmalatara svabhAva meM ArohaNa kara letA hai| isakI santacaryA meM una prazAnta rAgadveSa-moha-kaSAya vivarjita prakaMpanoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai jo vItarAga nirgrantha sarvajJa puruSoM tathA tIrthaMkaroM kI adhyAtma sAdhanA ke ni:zvAsa rUpa antarikSoM meM adyAvadhi vidyamAna hai| vyakti aura samAja donoM ko hI yogamArga kalyANakArI hai| yaha vyakti aura samAja kI TakarAhaTa ko dUra karake donoM meM samatA ke bhAva detA hai| isa yoga zAsana ke lakSya, svarUpa, upalabdhi, upalabdhiyoM kI vidhiyoM tathA anubhava kI vilakSaNatAoM se saba hI ullasita ho sakate haiM - yadi isakI zikSAoM kA anupAlana kreN| Adhunika vijJAna prasAra se unmukta hue bauddhika svatantra vAtAvaraNa meM tathA yuga cetanA kI mAMga aura pyAsa ke sandarbho meM yaha Avazyaka hI hai ki isa jJAna kI zikSAoM ko AgamIya va zAstrIya bastoM ke baMdhana se bAhara lAkara paThanIya sAhitya ke rUpa meM, prAyogika abhyAsoM ke rUpa meM, eka naI zailI meM, zarIra vijJAna, prANI vijJAna, manovijJAna Adi-Adi vijJAnoM ke sandarbho sahita paribhASita tathA vyAkhyAta karake prakAzita kareM, tAki isa vidyA kA jIvanta alaukika svarUpa sarva samAja ke samakSa prakaTa ho| una Adarza 'gurUNAM guru' arhat tIrthaMkara puruSoM ke ucca lakSya aura prakAzamaya saMkalpoM tathA bimboM ko rUpAyita karane kI sthitiyA~ bhI isI para nirbhara haiN| - uparyukta purAtana jaina yogaparaka cintanAoM tathA sAdhanA paddhatiyoM se anuprANita aura tattva paripoSaka anyAnya yaugika paramparAoM se anubhAvita AcArya zubhacandra kA cintana jJAnArNava ke rUpa meM parisphuTita huaa| vaha unakI jainayoga ke kSetra meM anupama dena hai| - AcArya zubhacandra kI darzana aura yoga ke kSetra meM jo dena hai ise eka asAdhAraNa dena kahA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne sarasa, komalakAnta padAvalipUrNa kAvya zailI ko darzana aura yoga jaise viSaya meM atyanta saphalatA ke sAtha prayukta kiyA hai| isakI upamA hama usa auSadhi se de sakate haiM jo kaTu hotI hai kintu bahuta lAbhakArI hai| jisa para sarkarA Adi kA AvaraNa hai| vaisI auSadhi ko lene se rogI vyakti kaThinAI kA anubhava nahIM krtaa| vaha madhuratA ke sAtha udaragata ho jAtI hai aura adbhuta prabhAva dikhA pAtI hai| isa zailI ke bIja 221

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AcArya zubhacandra ko apanI pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI racanAoM meM upalabdha the, jinakA unhoMne bharapUra upayoga kiyaa| jaina yoga ke nirUpaNa kI dRSTi se jJAnArNava grantha meM samagratA ke darzana hote haiN| AcArya zubhacandra ne apane grantha meM eka sAMgopAMga svatantra viSaya ke rUpa meM yoga ko prastuta kiyA hai| unakI kalama eka hI dizA ko samuddiSTa kiye rhii| ata: vahA~ jina viSayoM kA samAveza vA~chita nahIM thA, vaha nahIM ho skaa| AcArya zubhacandra ne bhAvanAtmaka dRSTi se mana kI pavitratA ko dhyAna yoga ke lie prathama AvazyakatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| isake lie unhoMne prArambha meM hI bhAvoM kI zuddhatA ke lie bAraha bhAvanAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA, jo ki vairAgya ko utpanna karane vAlI aura samatA-sukha ko jAgrata karane vAlI haiN| ekatva, anyatva Adi bhAvanAoM se anubhAvita yogI jaba yaha mAnane lagatA hai ki "maiM to sarvata: ekAkI hU~, akelA AyA hU~, akelA jAU~gA,yesaba sAMsArika sambandha jinakI zrRMkhalAoM meM jakar3A hU~, mithyA hai| ye sabhI padArtha va vyakti jinake sammoha ne mujhe AtmavismRta kara rakhA hai, saba anya haiN|" dhyAna meM jAne kI sAmAnyata: yaha pahalI pRSThabhUmi hai| ataeva granthakAra ne itanA karane ke pazcAt sAdhaka ko dhyAna kA prArambhika paricaya diyA hai| jisase vaha eka saMskAra lie Age sAdhanA ke mArga para gatizIla ho| unhoMne jo AcArya kundakunda Adi purAtana AcAryoM ke adhyAtma pradhAna granthoM ko Azraya banAkara saMkSepa meM dhyAna ke zubha, azubha aura zuddha ye tIna bheda kie haiM, vaha inakI vivecana paddhati kI apanI nijI vizeSatA hai| isase pUrvavartI kisI AcArya ne dhyAna ke ina tIna bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| upayoga ke trividha prakAroM kA avazya hI AcArya kundakunda, yogIndudeva Adi ne pravacanasAra aura paramAtmaprakAza Adi granthoM meM vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| dhyAna ke vistRta varNana ke prArambha meM hI AcArya zubhacandra ne dhyAtA puruSa ke svarUpa kA nirdeza karate hue kauna-sA vyakti dhyAna ke yogya hotA hai aura kauna-sA ayogya, isa taraha dhyAtA ke guNa-doSoM kI carcA vistArapUrvaka kI hai| jo anyatra milanA kaThina hai| dhyAna kI siddhi samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI ekatA rUpa ratnatraya kI zuddhatApUrvaka hotI hai| kyoMki ratnatraya AtmA kI niSkaluSa pariNati kA nAma hai| aura citta kI nirmalatA hI dhyAna siddhi kA pramukha kAraNa hai| tattvArtha kA yathArtha zraddhAna, jJAna aura pApAcaraNa se nirvRtti honA ratnatraya kA lakSaNa hai| samyagjJAnI puruSa rAgadveSa kI nirvRtti ke lie cAritra ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| ataeva AcArya zubhacandra ne samyakcAritra ke antargata dhyAna ke aMgabhUta yama nAmaka yogAMga kA vistRta varNana karate 222

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hue, ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca mahAvratoM kA varNana kiyA hai| dvitIya niyama nAmaka yogAMga kA bhI ratnatraya meM hI samAveza ho jAtA hai| jisakI carcA yogAMgoM ke vivecana meM kI jA cukI hai| AcArya zubhacandra svayaM eka mahAn yogI the, ata: inheM yogamArga meM Ane vAlI bAdhAoM kA svayaM anubhava prApta thaa| isalie hI inhoMne yoga ke patha para calane vAle sAdhakoM ko ina bAdhAoM se bacAne ke lie kaSAya-nigraha, indriyajaya, rAgadveSaniSedha, brahmacaryapAlana, strIsaMsarganiSedha Adi kI vistAra se carcA kI hai| isake sAtha-sAtha eka yogI meM prANImAtra ke prati karuNAbhAva aura guNIjanoM ke prati pramodabhAva, dukhI prANiyoM ke prati karuNAbhAva aura dharmamArga se viparIta calane vAle virodhI janoM ke prati mAdhyastha bhAva honA cAhie / vRddhajanoM kI sevA ko bhI AcArya zubhacandra ne bhAvoM kI zuddhatA, vidyA, vinaya aura zIla Adi kI vRddhi evaM paripAlana ke lie bahuta hitakArI mAnA hai| granthakAra ne dharmadhyAna ke prasaMga meM sAmyabhAva kA vivecana kiyA hai| sAmyabhAva ko hI paramadhyAna batalAyA hai| phira unhoMne saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta Arttaraudra dhyAnoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| isake bAda ve AtmotkarSaka dhyAna ke mUla viSaya para Ate haiN| unhoMne sabase pahale dhyAnaviruddha sthAnoM kA kathana kiyA hai| jinakA yogI ko varjana karanA jarUrI hai| phira dhyAna ke yogya sthAna, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA Adi kA varNana karate hue dharmadhyAna para Ate haiN| isakA bheda sahita vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| phira zukladhyAna kA vivecana kiyA hai| jisakI paripUrNatA samAdhi meM hotI hai| AtmavikAsa ke lie dhyAna yoga eka pramukha sAdhana hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke samasta cintakoM, vicArakoM evaM mananazIla RSi-muniyoM ne yogasAdhanA ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| prastuta zodha prabandha bhAratIya yoga paramparA aura jJAnArNava meM bhArata ke pramukha vaidika, jaina, bauddha sampradAyoM meM pracalita yoga paddhatiyoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM yoga zabda kA samAdhi evaM tapa ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| lekina upaniSadoM meM dhyAna kA pracuramAtrA meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ dhyAna ke dArA hI paramAtmA kI prApti kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna ke dvArA citta eka bindu para kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| gItA meM bhI bhakti-yoga, jJAnayoga evaM karmayoga ke sAtha dhyAnayoga ke mahattva ko batalAyA gayA hai| bauddhayoga meM bhI dhyAna kI aneka kriyAoM ke viSaya meM batalAyA gayA hai| bauddha paramparA meM to dhyAna kA itanA mahattva bar3hA ki vahA~ eka sampradAya dhyAnasampradAya ke nAma se prakhyAta huaa| . jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA eka viziSTa evaM ucca sthAna hai| vahA~ dhyAna ke paryAya 223

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ke rUpa meM tapa, samAdhi, dhIrodha, samarasIbhAva evaM savIryadhyAna Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| citta ko kisI eka viSaya para kendrita karanA athavA mana, vacana evaM kAya ke nirodha ko dhyAna kahate haiN| dhyAna ke cAra prakAroM ko batalAte hue use do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| jo ki prazastadhyAna aura aprazastadhyAna ke antargata Ate haiN| Arta evaM raudradhyAna aprazastadhyAna haiN| ArttadhyAna evaM raudradhyAna saMsAra baMdhana ke hetu mAne jAte haiN| jo ki duHkhoM se vyApta evaM samasta klezoM se bhare hue haiN| ina donoM dhyAnoM ke cAra-cAra prabhedoM kI bhI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| prazastadhyAna ke antargata dharmadhyAna evaM zukladhyAna Ate haiN| dharmadhyAna AtmavikAsa kI prathama sIr3hI haiN| isase sAdhaka ko AtmajJAna kI prApti hotI hai aura AtmajJAna ko prApta karake vaha apane karmoM ko kSINa kara detA hai| sAdhaka jaba dhyAna kI parAkASThA para pahu~ca jAtA hai taba use zukladhyAna kahA jAtA hai| zukladhyAna yoga kI sarvocca avasthA mAnI gayI hai| dharmadhyAna ko karate hue sAdhaka zukladhyAna kI avasthA meM pahu~catA hai| zukladhyAna meM citta kA pUrNa nirodha ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka ke samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| aura mana kA AtmA kI sattA meM vilaya ho jAtA hai| isa dhyAna kA phala mokSa hai| dharma aura zukladhyAna ke bhI cAra-cAra bheda nirdiSTa kiye gae haiN| zukladhyAna ke prathama do dhyAna arthAt pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra evaM ekatvavitarkaavIcAra zukladhyAna bauddha evaM pataMjali ke yogadarzana se milate-julate haiN| bauddha yoga meM batalAye gae dhyAna ke bhedoM meM vitarka evaM vIcAra dhyAna batalAyA gayA hai| sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI zukladhyAna evaM vaidika yoga paramparA meM prayukta adhyAtma prasAda aura RtambharA meM arthasAmyatA mAlUma par3atI hai| pataMjali keyogadarzana meM asamprajJAta samAdhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / jo zukladhyAna ke antima bheda samucchinna kriyAapratipAtI se sAmya rakhatI hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kI zvAsocchvAsa kI kriyA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha jIvanamukta ho jAtA hai| citta ko kisI eka svabhAva meM sthira karanA dhyAna kahA gayA hai| jaba taka citta ko sthira nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka karmoM kI saMvara-nirjarA nahIM ho sakatI aura binA saMvara-nirjarA ke parama dhyeya kI prApti nahIM hotii| dhyAna yA samAdhi kA nirUpaNa prakArAntara se isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jisameM sAMsArika samasta karmabandhanoM kA vinAza ho aise zubhacintana svarUpa kA vimarza karanA / tapa, samAdhi dhIrodha svAntanigraha anta:saMlInatA sAmyabhAva samarasIbhAva savIryadhyAna Adi kA dhyAna ke paryAyarUpa meM 224

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prayoga huA hai| dhyAna kI prArambhika avasthA meM antaraMga meM Ane vAle vicAra yathArtha yA ayathArtha ho sakate haiN| ata: ina paristhitiyoM meM ina vicAroM kA nirIkSaNa karanA hotA hai| nirIkSaNa kA matalaba hai ki rAgadveSa bhAvanA ko ubharane na deM aura jahA~ rAgadveSa kI paramparA nahIM rahatI vahA~ zAnti aura samatA kA vAtAvaraNa rahatA hai| isI vAtAvaraNa meM dhyAna kA nivAsa rahatA hai| binA dhyAna ke yogI kA dhyeya siddha nahIM ho sktaa| dhyeya sAdhanA meM yogI ke antaraMga meM sudRr3ha nirNaya aura dhairya kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| yaha yogyatA dhyAna ke mAdhyama se anAyAsa arjita ho jAtI hai| bhale hI aura kucha bhI prApta ho na ho parantu Antarika zAnti avazya hI milatI hai, vikSobha AkulatA vyagratA miTatI hai| aise hI zAnta sthira mana meM nava sphuraNoM kA sAmrAjya rahatA hai| jaise kahA bhI hai - svasthe citte buddhaya: prasphuranti dhyAna kI avasthA meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti satat jAgarUka rahe, mana ke cakkara meM na par3akara usase Upara uThakara apane svarUpa meM sthira rhe| Alasya aura nIMda ke tyAga ke lie nAsAgradRSTi rakhanA parama uttama hai| citta ko kisI eka vastu athavA bindu para kendrita karanA eka kaThina sAdhanA hai| kyoMki yaha kisI bhI eka viSaya para antarmuhUrta se jyAdA samaya sthira nahIM ho sktaa| caMcala mana jaba taka jItA nahIM jAtA taba dhyAna nahIM hotaa| jaise jalAzaya meM nirantara pratikSaNa taraMgeM uThatI rahatI haiM, vaise hI mana meM vicAroM kI taraMgeM uThatI rahatI haiN| inhIM uThI huI taraMgoM ko sthira karanA yoga hai| yaha rAjayoga dhyAna ke lie upayukta hai| prANAyAma Adi bhI mana para niyantraNa karane ke lie sahAyaka haiN| parantu jainadarzana meM haThayoga kI apekSA rAjayoga para jora diyA gayA hai| kAraNa rAgadveSa mana se utpanna hone vAlI taraMgeM haiN| isalie aneka prakAra ke dhyAna kI siddhi aura citta ko sthira karane ke lie iSTa-aniSTa padArthoM meM rAga, dveSa aura moha kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| dhyAna kI vidhi meM prathama mana ko jItanA Avazyaka samajhA gayA hai| jisane apane mana ko vaza meM nahIM kiyA usakA dhyAna, tapa, zAstrAdhyayana, vratadhAraNa aura jJAna ye saba tuSakhaNDana ke samAna vyartha hai| kAraNa mana ke vazIbhUta hue binA dhyAna kI siddhi nahIM hotii| jo mana ko jIte binA dhyAna kI carcA karatA hai to usane dhyAna ko abhI taka samajhA hI nhiiN| mana ko jItane ke liye maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyastha ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA nirantara abhyAsa karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| inhIM cAra bhAvanAoM se pavitratA va zuddhatA AtI hai| mana rAgAdi bhAva se vimukta hotA hai| jaise maile darpaNa meM rUpa kA avalokana 225

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nahIM hotA yA kiyA nahIM jAtA usI prakAra rAgAdi bhAva se yukta mana meM zuddha AtmasvarUpa nahIM dikhAI detA yA dekhA nahIM jaataa| ekAgracintana se viSaya aura viSayI meM ekarUpatA AtI hai / isI ekarUpatA ke kAraNa vahA~ koI bheda nahIM rhtaa| aura jahA~ bheda nahIM rahatA vahA~ cetanA kI anubhUti hotI hai| ekAgratA mana ko vaza karane meM sahAyaka hai| dhyAna ekAgratA ke AdhAra para ho jAtA hai| AdhyAtmikatA kI parama zreNI dhyAna hai aura ekAgratA meM asthira mana sthira ratnAkara ke sAdRzya ho jAtA hai| avacetana meM vicAroM kA damana karane kI apekSA visarjana karanA ekAgratA aura dhyAna ke lie upayukta hai| vicAroM kA visarjana samyakpUrvaka prApta kiye gaye jJAna dvArA antaraMga dRSTi meM rakhane para hotA hai| kyoMki jaba bAhya dRSTi rahatI hai taba antardRSTi nahIM rhtii| ata: vicAroM kA visarjana karane ke liye samyagbhAvanA kI prApti parama Avazyaka hai| kAraNa binA samyagdarzana ke samyagjJAna nahIM hotA aura binA samyagjJAna ke uttama caritra nahIM hotaa| isI se virahita kiyA huA tapa aura dhyAna vyartha kahA jAtA hai| prazasta va aprazasta dhyAna kA avalambana lekara citta kI ekAgratA ke prayAsa se divya cintAmaNi ratna ke samAna zuddha AtmA va khalI ke Tukar3oM ke samAna ni:sAra sAMsArika viSaya-bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra dahI ko vilokara usameM se ghI alaga nikAla lete haiN| usI prakAra jo yogI AtmA aura zarIra ko bhinna-bhinna samajhane meM catura haiM ve dhyAna ke dvArA isa zarIra se zuddha AtmA ko sarvathA bhinna kara lete haiN| isa prakAra kA dhyAna karane vAlA dhyAtA yama, niyama, vrata, dhAraNA, kaSAyoM kA nigraha aura mana evaM indriyoM para niyantraNa rakhane kI kSamatA vAlA ho| ata: use isI parama siddhi ke lie durdhyAna (Artta-raudradhyAna) asaMyama, capalatA para nirodha karanA caahie| isaliye vairAgya, tattvacintana, parISahajaya Adi kA ullekha hai / puna: pUraNa, kumbhaka, recaka, dahana, havana, Asana, mantra, maNDala Adi kA bhI dhyAnAvasthA meM upayoga hotA hai| isake uparAnta bhI pUrva saMskAravaza azuddhatA, aticAra, azubha vicAra yA bAra-bAra upayukta ramaNIya strI kA dhyAna AtA ho usa samaya usI kA dhyAna karate hue aura usakI kSaNabhaMguratAdi kA parivartana tattva cintana kI dhArA meM kara denA caahie| isase sAdhaka ke mana meM apane Apa aisI paristhiti utpanna hogI, jisase sAdhaka ke mana meM strI Adi viSayaka udAsInatA kA bhAva paidA hogA aura sAdhaka kA dhyAna zubha pravRttiyoM meM kendrita hogaa| ata: zubha pravRttiyoM meM hI sukhada mana kI sthiti hotI hai| isalie mana kI zuddhi ke binA saba kriyA kalApa anuSThAna karanA kevala kAyakleza hai| isake lie indriyoM ko viSayoM se rokanA Avazyaka hai| binA indriya vijaya ke kaSAyoM para vijaya nahIM hogii| 226

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kaSAyavijaya se mana meM zuddhatA AtI hai| isI zuddhatA, sthiratA meM dhyAtA ko dhyAna meM dhyeya ke prati tallInatA AtI hai| isI tallInatA se samagra doSoM kA parihAra hotA hai aura AtmajJAna bhI AtmA dvArA hotA hai isase karma kA kSaya hotA hai aura karma kSaya se mokSa prApti hotI hai| viSaya aura viSayI ke AdhAra para dhyAna ke kaI bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| zAstrakAra manISiyoM va dArzanikoM ne bhale hI dhyAna ke aneka prakAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA ho parantu . unheM do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ve do prakAra zubha dhyAna aura azubha dhyAna haiN| jainAcAryoM ne prazasta aura aprazasta nAma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| bauddhAcAryoM ne kuzalaakuzala nAmoM se vyavahAra kiyA hai aura isI zubhAzubha ko vaidika paramparA meM kliSTa aura akliSTa nAma diyA hai| jainAgama meM pramukha cAra bheda Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukladhyAna haiN| prathama do dhyAna ko aprazasta yA azubha tathA zeSa do ko prazastayA zubha dhyAna kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| prazasta dhyAna hI mokSa prApti ke hetu mAne gae haiN| jJAnArNava meM aprazasta arthAt azubha, zubha aura zuddha ina tInoM bhedoM kA prakArAntara se isI ke antargata samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ye cAra dhyeya ke bheda mAne gae haiN| rAmasenAcArya ne mAtra nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ye cAra prakAra mAne haiN| ata: inakI yaha vizeSatA hai| anyatra dhyAna ke 28 bheda aura prabheda kA ullekha dekhane meM AtA hai| ataeva ukta cAroM prakAroM meM inhIM saba bheda-prabhedoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| isalie Agama meM varNita inhIM cAra prakAra kA vivecana yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| rAjyAdi bhogopabhoga, strI,ratna Adi alaMkAra kA viyoga na ho aura inhIM kI prApti kI tIvra abhilASA rakhate hue nirantara cintana karanA ArttadhyAna kahalAtA hai| krUra pravRtti dhAraNa karanA, anya jIvoM ke prati pratikUlatA rakhanA raudradhyAna hai| hiMsA, corI, maithunAdi kArya meM nirantara rata rahanA Artta-raudradhyAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM manojJa vastu ke saMyogAdi kAraNa.sAMsArika vastaoM meMrAgabhAva rakhanA ArtadhyAna hai| rAgaDheSAtmaka bhAvoM ke kAraNa vAMchanIya vastu ke prati moha hotA hai, moha bhAva rakhanA ajJAna hai| isI ajJAna bhAva kA parivartana duHkha meM hotA hai ata: iSTa meM sukha aniSTa meM duHkha mAnate hue, inhIM ke sambandha meM nirantara socanA ArttadhyAna hai| isI ke kAraNa jIva bhayabhIta, zokAkula, saMzayI, pramAdI, viSayI aura nidrAlu hotA hai| isalie buddhi sthira nahIM hotii| vivekahInatA kI yahI dhArA chaThe guNasthAna takarahatI hai| raudradhyAna meM saMkSepa meM saba pApAcAra kA antarbhAva hotA hai / isake bhI cAra bheda haiM - hiMsAnanda, mRSAnanda, cauryAnanda, parigrahAnanda / isase patA calatA hai ki isa dhyAna kA dhyAtA apadhyAna meM lagA rahatA hai . aura isase dUsare prANiyoM ko pIr3A pahu~catI hai| isa prakAra kA dhyAna vAlA jIva anukampA 227

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se rahita, nIca karmoM meM nirlajja evaM pApa meM hI Ananda mAnane vAlA hotA hai yaha dhyAna pahale se pA~cave guNasthAna meM sthita jIvoM ke hotA hai| dharma aura zukladhyAna ko sad, zubha yA prazasta mAnA hai| isI dhyAna meM jIva kA rAgabhAva pariNAma nyUna hotA hai aura vaha Atmacintana meM lIna hotA hai| isI dRSTikoNa se isa dhyAna ko AtmavikAsa kA prathama caraNa mAnA gayA hai| dAdazAMga rUpa jinavANI, indriya, gati, kAya, yoga, veda, kaSAya, saMyama, jJAna, darzana, lezyA, bhavyAbhavya, samyaktva, sainI-asainI, AhAraka-anAhAraka isa prakAra 14 mArgaNA, 14 guNasthAnaM, 12 bhAvanA, 10 dharma kA cintana karanA dharmadhyAna hai| dharmadhyAna zukladhyAna kI bhUmikA hai| zukla dhyAnavartI jIva sAtaveM guNasthAna meM zreNI car3hanA prArambha kara detA hai| dharmadhyAna meM bAhya sAdhanoM kA AdhAra rahatA hai, parantu zukladhyAna meM sirpha AtmA kA Alambana rahatA hai| isI dhyAna meM AtmA aura karma kA yuddha hotA hai| dharmadhyAna meM karma ko dhamakAyA jAtA hai aura zukladhyAna meM karma rUpI senA kA zrutajJAna ke sahAya se parAbhava karane kI yojanA banAI jAtI hai| terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAnavI jIvoM meM mana kA abhAva rahatA hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM mana, vacana, kAya ina triyoga kA kampana nahIM rahatA ata: yahA~ kA dhyAna sarvotkRSTa kahA gayA hai aura indriyanigraha kI caramotkRSTa avasthA yahI hai| rupAtIta dhyAna meM dhyAtA-dhyeya dhyAna AtmA hI hai| ___ abhyAsa kI pUrNa avasthA hone para mana ko ekAgra karane meM samaya kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| subaha ke samaya avacetana mana meM vizeSata: kAmazaktiyA~ yA anya pravRttiyoM kA prabhAva rahatA hai, ata: aise samaya meM mana ko vicalita na hone dene ke lie dhyAna ke lie subaha kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| vizrAma ke pahale kA samaya bhI yogya mAnA hai| dhyAna ke yogya sthAna aisA ho jahA~ dhyAna bhaMga ke kAraNa, bAdhAe~ aura upadrava kI saMbhAvanA na ho| dhyAtA ko aisI jagaha kabhI bhI dhyAna nahIM karanA cAhie ki jahA~ strI, pazu, napuMsaka, rAkSasa aura kolAhala ho| jisa sthAna para dhyAna karanA ho usI sthAna para Asana sukhadAyaka aura dhyAna kI maryAdA Tika sake aisA ho / vikSobha ke kAraNa na hoM, sukhAsana, sahaja sAdhya, dhyAna meM vyAghAta na pahu~catA ho, isa prakAra kA Asana aura sthAna honA cAhie / dhyAna ke lie aneka AsanoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| unameM paryaMkAsana aura khaDagAsana mukhya haiN| AcArya zubhacandra ne pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM ko AdhAra banAkara jJAnArNava grantha kI racanA kI hai| ata: pUrvAcAryoM ke samAna hI unake vacana prAmANika evaM saMgrahaNIya mAne jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttaravartI granthakAroM ne AcArya zubhacandra aura unake 228

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jJAnArNava ko apanI kRtiyoM meM pramANa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyaa| svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI bhaTTAraka zubhacandra (16 vIM zatI) viracita TIkA meM tathA jJAnArNave evaM inake pUrvavartI paMDita AzAdhara (13 vIM zatI) kRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM uktaM ca jJAnArNave vistareNa kahakara jJAnArNava ke kucha zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| ___ AcArya zubhacandra kA samaya kalpanAoM aura anumAnoM para AdhArita hai phira bhI unake anusAra jo tathya Akalita kie jA sake unase ve AcArya hemacandra ke pUrvavartI siddha hote haiN| AcArya hemacandra kRta (vi.saM. 1145-1226) yogazAstra para AcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| yogazAstra kA prANAyAma aura dhyAna kA prasaMga jJAnArNava ke varNana aura viSaya se pUrNa sAmya rakhatA hai| kevala chandogata parivartana hone se kucha zabda bheda dRSTigata hotA hai| jJAnArNava meM jahA~ vivecana atyanta vistRta, kramavihIna va aprAsaMgika carcA se yukta hai, vahIM yogazAstra kA vivecana saMkSipta evaM kramabaddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha aprAsaMgika carcA se rahita hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hemacandra ne jJAnArNava ke prasaMgoM ko apane buddhicAturya se vyavasthita evaM saMkSepa rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| donoM kI vivecana zailI meM itanA antara hai ki jahA~ zubhacandra ne ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM kI vivecanA kI hai vahA~ hemacandra ne gRhasthoM dvArA upAsya aNuvratoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| donoM ke dRSTikoNa meM antara thaa| AcArya zubhacandra ke samakSa ve sAdhaka the jo laukika jIvana kA sarvathA parityAgakara apane Apako saMyamamaya dhyAnamaya sAdhanA meM lIna karanA cAhate the| AcArya hemacandra yogasAdhanA kA saralIkRta rupa jana-jana ko baMtalAnA cAhate the| ____ AcArya zubhacandra dArA upasthita tathA AcArya hemacandra dArA vizadIkRta jainayoga kI paramparA Age ke lekhakoM ko bhI prabhAvita karatI rhii| paNDita AzAdhara ne jinakA samaya 13-14 vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai adhyAtmarahasya nAmaka racanA kii| usameM Atmadarzana tathA AtmasaMmArjana kA yoga kI bhUmikA para nirUpaNa huA hai| yogapradIpa nAmaka eka jaina yoga viSayaka grantha prApta hai, isameM AtmA paramAtmA ke sAtha apanA vizuddha sthAyI evaM zAzvata milana kaise sAdha sakatA hai, vaha parama pada kaise adhigata kara sakatA hai isakA bar3e sarala zabdoM meM vivecana huA hai unmanIbhAva tathA samarasabhAva Adi kA bhI sundara varNana hai| ye donoM hI zabda zubhacandra tathA hemacandra dvArA apane granthoM meM vizeSa rUpa se prayukta hue haiN| isa para zubhacandra tathA hemacandra kA bahuta prabhAva hai| ise jJAnArNava aura yogazAstra kA eka saMkSipta saMskaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| kharataragacchIya AcArya zrI devacandra ne aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM dhyAnadIpikA nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| dhyAnadIpikA kI racanA meM unakA lakSya yaha rahA hai ki jo jJAnArNava 229

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jaise vizAla grantha kA adhyayana kara lAbha nahIM le sakate, isase unake lAbha ho| isameM vdAdazabhAvanA, ratnatraya, mahAvrata, samiti, gupti, dhyAna, dhyeya, dhyAtA ke bheda Adi kA jo vivecana kiyA gayA hai usa para AcArya zubhacandra kI chApa hai| . pUrvavartI mahAna AcAryoM dvArA nirUpita yoga ko Age unnata evaM vikasita karane vAle upAdhyAya yazovijaya the| unhoMne AcArya haribhadra ke granthoM para vizeSa rUpa se kArya kiyA / AcArya zubhacandra aura hemacandra bhI unake yoga viSayaka sAhityika sAdhanA ke preraka rhe| ve yogabindu, jJAnArNava aura yogazAstra se vizeSa prabhAvita the| unhoMne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI jinameM adhyAtmasAra aura adhyAtmopaniSada mukhya haiN| upAdhyAya yazo vijaya kA eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa kArya unake dvArA pAtaMjalayogasUtra ke kucha sUtroM kI jainadRSTi se vyAkhyA hai| unhoMne apanI racanA meM yogasUtra varNita samAdhi aura siddhAntasammata dhyAna kI bar3I sundara vyAkhyA kI hai| Age calakara saMskRta, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM meM aura bhI yogaviSayaka racanAe~ huI jo dhyAna, dhyAnapaddhati, dhyAnasAdhanA ke lie apekSita vAtAvaraNa tathA dhyAna ke anurupa manobhUmi prApta karane ke lie kaSAya vivarjana Adi ke pratipAdana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| AcArya buddhisAgara sUri ne karmayogaviSayaka grantha meM AsaktabhAva se karma na karane kA mArgadarzana diyaa| Asakti varjana kI jo jainadRSTisammata preraNA unheM prApta huii| usakA bIja jJAnArNava meM pA sakate haiN| isake sAtha hI gItA kI anAsakti karmayoga paraka cintanadhArA kA bhI usa para prabhAva hai| isa prakAra AcArya zubhacandra eka gauravazAlI jJAna tathA sAdhanA kI paramparA lekara aae| apanI yogAnubhUtiyoM se use anuprANita kara abhinava upalabdhiyA~ arjita kiiN| yaha saba vAGmaya meM pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke cintana aura apane sAdhanA niSNAta anubhavoM se ghaTita haa| jisakI niSpatti bhAratIya yoga ke kSetra meM dIptimAna preraka upAdAna ke rUpa meM huii| unakA grantha jJAnArNava, jisane Age Ane vAlI vidAnoM kI pIDhiyoM ko satata prerita kiyA, eka saMbala pradAna kiyA jo yoga vAGmaya ke rUpa meM Aja prApta hai| usa para gahana adhyayana aura anveSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai| 230

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- sapA sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI aMguttaranikAya - prakA. mahAbodhi sabhA, kalakattA atharvaveda - prakA. AksaphorDa presa, landana adhyAtmataraMgiNI - AcArya somadevasUri, prakA. ahiMsA mandira, dillI, 1960. adhyAtma rahasya - paM. AzAdhara, prakA. vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1957. anagAradharmAmRta - paM. AzAdhara, sampA. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1977 abhidhAnacintAmaNi - AcArya hemacandra, prakA. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, sUrata, 1946. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza - AcArya rAjendrasUri, prakA. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza prakAzana saMsthA, ratalAma, 1986. amitagatizrAvakAcAra - AcArya amitagati, prakA. anantakIrti diga. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1979. arhat aSTAMga yoga abhyAsa ratnadIpikA (dhyAna -yoga anuzIlana) pUrvArdha - kailAzacandra jaina bADhadAra, prakA. jaina vidyA saMsthAna, mahAvIrajI, aSTapAhuDa - AcArya kundakunda, hindI maganamala hIrAlAla, prakA. diga. jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, vI. ni. 2476. aSTAMga yoga rahasya - DaoN. cimanalAla gautama, prakA. saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1982. Atmaprabodha - kumAra kavi, hindI paM. gajAdharalAla jaina, prakA. siMghaI dhanyakumAra jaina, kaTanI, 1989. AdipurANa - AcArya jinasena, sampA. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 2000. Adhunika sAmAnya manovijJAna - DaoN. zrImatI prIti varmA, prakA. vinoda pustaka mandira kAryAlaya, ArAdhanAsamuccayaM yogasArasaMgrahazca - sampA. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1965. iSTopadeza - AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI, TIkA paM. AzAdhara, prakA. parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 2000. IzAvAsyopaniSad - DaoN. cimanalAla gautama, prakA. saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1981. 231

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upAsakAdhyayana - AcArya somadevasUri, sampA. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, AcArAMgasUtra - prakA. akhila bhAratIya zvetAmbara sthAna vAsI jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, dillI , 1957 . AcArAMgacUrNi- jinadAsa gaNi, prakA. RSabhadeva kesarImala jI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma AtmAnuzAsana - guNabhadra, sampA. paM. phUlacandra zAstrI, gaNeza varNI diga. jaina granthamAlA, .. vArANasI, 1983. AdipurANa - AcArya jinasena, sampA. paM. pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1951. AptaparIkSA - AcArya vidyAnandi, prakA. vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, 1949. ArAdhanAsAra - AcArya devasena, prakA. mANikacandra diga. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi. saM. 1973. AvazyakacUrNi - prakA. Agamodaya prakAzana samiti, mehasANA, 1917. Avazyakaniyukti - bhadrabAhu, Agamodaya prakAzana samiti, mehasANA, 1917. Avazyakaniyukti vRtti - AcArya haribhadra, prakA. devacandra lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa, sUrata, 1976. AvazyakasUtra - sampA. mahAsatI suprabhA, prakA. Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1985. uttarAdhyayana - anu. AtmArAma jI, prakA. jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, 1942. upaniSatsaMgraha - sampA. jagadIzalAla zAstrI, prakA. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1980. . Rgveda - zrIrAma zarmA, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1962. Rgveda saMhitA - sampA. dA. sAtavalekara, prakA. svAdhyAya maNDala, audha satArA, 1940. aupapAtikasUtra - sampA. chaganalAla zAstrI, prakA. Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982. kArtikeyAnuprekSA - svAmI kumAra, sampA. DaoN. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhyAya, prakA. parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 1990. kundakundaprAmRta - sampA. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaNa saMgha, solApura, 1960. kundakunda bhAratI - sampA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakA. diga. jaina samAja, khekar3A, 1992. 232

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kaSAyapAhuDa - AcArya guNadhara, sampA. paM. phUlacandra zAstrI, prakA. diga. jaina saMgha, mathurA, 1944. gItA - maharSi vedavyAsa, prakA. gItApresa, gorakhapura, vi. saM. 2028. gItAmRta taraMgiNI - paM. raghunAtha prasAda, prakA. khemarAja zrIkRSNadAsa, bambaI, 1990 gommaTasAra karmakANDa - AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, prakA. parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 1928. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa - AcArya nemicanda siddhAntacakravartI, prakA. AcArya zivasAgara diga. jaina granthamAlA, mahAvIrajI, 1993. gorakSasaMhitA - sampA. camanalAla gautama, saMskRti saMsthAna khvAjA, barelI, 1982. gheraNDasaMhitA - sampA. camanalAla gautama, saMskRti saMsthAna khvAjA, barelI, 1981. jaina itihAsa kI pUrva pIThikA aura hamArA abhyutthAna - DaoN. prophe. hIrAlAla jaina, prakA. hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, jainadarzana : manana aura mImAMsA-muni nathamala, prakA. Adarza sAhitya saMgha, dillI, 1973. jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra - DaoN. lAlacanda jaina, prakA. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, jainadharma - paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA. diga. jaina saMgha, mathurA, vI. saM. 2474. jainadharma vizvadharma - paM. nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina, prakA. kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura, jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA svarUpa : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. sImA rAnI zarmA, prakA. pIyUSa bhAratI, bijanaura, 1962. jaina bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA mArga - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, prakA. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1982. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, prakA. rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982. jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. arhaddAsa banDovA dige, prakA. jainadharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 1981. jaina yoga ke sAta grantha - anu. muni dulaharAja, prakA. jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1984. jainayoga grantha catuSTaya - AcArya haribhadrasUri, prakA. muni zrI hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara, 1982. jainendra siddhAnta koza-kSu. jinendra varNI, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1975. jJAnasAra - muni padmanandi, prakA. diga. jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vI. ni. 2470. 233

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jJAnArNava - AcArya zabhacandra, ana.paM. bAlacanda siddhAntazAstrI, prakA. jaina saMskati saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1977. jJAnArNava - AcArya zubhacandra, prakA. parama zruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa, 1995. jJAnArNava : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - sAdhvI DaoN. darzanalatA, prakA. zrI zvetAmbara sthAkavAsI svAdhyAyI saMgha, gulAbapurA, 1997. jJAnArNavapravacana - kSu. manoharalAla varNI, prakA. sahajAnanda zAstramAlA, meraTha, 1996. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha - sampA. DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAgendu, prakA. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina smRti grantha prakAzana samiti, damoha, vI. ni. 2522. NANasAra-AcArya padmasiMha. prakA.malacanda kizanadAsa kApaDiyA, sUrata,vI. ni. 2470. tajo mana karo dhyAna - AryikA vijayAmatI, prakA. diga. jaina kunthuvijaya granthamAlA samiti, jayapura, tattvabhAvanA - AcArya amitagati, tattvavicArasAra - AcArya vasunandi, anu. muni mArdavasAgara, prakA. sakala diga. jaina samAja, chiMdavAr3A, 1999. tattvasAra - AcArya devasena, prakA. satzruta sevA sAdhanA kendra, ahamadAbAda, tattvAnuzAsana - AcArya rAmasena, prakA. vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1963. tattvArthabhASyavRtti - AcArya haribhadra, prakA. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, mumbaI, vi. saM. 1982. tattvArtharAjavArtika - AcArya akalaMka, sampA. paM. mahendrakumAra jaina, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1982. tattvArthavRtti - zrutasAgarasUri, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1949. tattvArthasAra - AcArya amRtacandrasUri, sampA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakA. gaNeza varNI diga. jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, tattvArthasUtra - umAsvAmI, sampA. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA. zrImatI kanaka jaina, ajamera, 1991. tantrAloka - abhinava gupta, prakA. kazmIra saMskRta granthAvalI, zrInagara, 1975. tarkabhASA - AcArya yazovijaya, sampA. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1938. tiloyapaNNattI - AcArya yativRSabha, anu. AryikA vizuddhamatI, prakA. bhA. diga. jaina mahAsabhA, lakhanaU, 1984. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA - DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, prakA. bhAratavarSIya diga. jaina vidvat pariSada, sAgara, 1974. 234

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tIrthaMkaroM kA sarvodaya mArga - DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, prakA. lAla premacanda jaina, dillI, darzana aura cintana - paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA. jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, banArasa, 1957. dazavaikAlika : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - AcArya tulasI, prakA. Agama sAhitya prakAzana samiti, kalakattA, 1968. dazavaikAlikasUtra - sampA. madhukara muni, prakA. Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1985. dasaveAliyaM - sampA. muni nathamala, prakA. jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, 1974. dArzanika cintana aura zAkta siddhAnta - sva. kRSNAnanda budhauliyA, prakA. pItAmbarApITha, datiyA, vi. saM. 2044. dIghanikAya - sampA. jagadIza kazyapa evaM rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, prakA. mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha dohA pAhuDa - muni rAmasiMha, sampA. DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1998. dravyasaMgraha - AcArya nemicandra siddhAntideva, sampA. paM. darabArIlAla koThiyA, prakA. gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1966. dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA - AcArya siddhasena, prakA. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1966. dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA - yazovijaya, prakA. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, dhammapada - dharmarakSita, prakA. khelADIlAla eNDa sansa, banArasa dhyAnadIpikA - sakalacandra, prakA. somacandra zAha, ahamadAbAda, 1916. dhyAnadIpikA - devendranandi, prakA. adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maNDala, 1929. dhyAnazataka - AcArya jinabhadragaNi, prakA. vinayasundara granthamAlA, jAmanagara, vi. saM. 1947. dhyAnazataka - AcArya haribhadrasUri, dhyAnazataka evaM dhyAnastava - sampA. bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, prakA. vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1976. dhyAnazAstra - AcArya rAmasena, prakA. vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, dillI, 1965. dhyAnastava - bhAskaranandi, sampA. sujuko ohirA, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1973. dhyAnastava - zrI bhAskaranandi, prakA. vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1976. dharmajIvana tathA sAdhanA - svAmI yatIzvarAnanda, prakA. rAmakRSNa maTha, nAgapura, 1984. - 235

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dharmadhyAna - sampA. bra. pradIpa zAstrI pIyUSa, prakA. diga. sAhitya prakAzana samiti, barelA, dharmazAstra kA itihAsa - navatattvaprakaraNa - vive. bhagavAnadAsa harakhacanda, prakA. hemacandrAcArya jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1928. navapadaprakaraNa - yazopAdhyAya, prakA. jIvanacanda sAkaracaMda jhaverI, bambaI, 1927. . nAmamAlA - kavi dhanaMjaya, prakA. sarala jaina grantha bhaNDAra, jabalapura, niyamasAra - AcArya kundakunda, prakA. diga. jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha, vI. ni. 2500. .. nIti, zRMgAra, vairAgyazataka - bhartRhari, vi. saM.1962. paMcAstikAya - AcArya kundakunda, prakA. paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1916. paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha - sampA. e. vilAsa saMgave, prakA. paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha samiti, kuNDalapura, 1989. paramAtmaprakAza yogasAra - AcArya yogIndudeva, sampA. DaoN. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, prakA. parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, vi. saM. 2014. pAtaMjalayoga evaM jainayoga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. aruNA Ananda, prakA. motIlAla banArasIdAsa prA. li. dillI, 2002. . pAtaMjalayogadarzana - hindI muni brahmalIna, prakA. caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1984. pAtaMjalayogadarzana - bhAsvatI hariharAnanda AraNyaka, prakA. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, pAtaMjalayogasUtra kA vivecanAtmaka evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana - nalinI zuklA, prakA. zakti yogAzrama, kAnapura, 1975. pAhuDadohA - muni rAmasiMha, sampA. paM. hIrAlAla jaina, prakA. jaina pablikezana sosAiTI, kAraMjA, vi. saM. 1960. puruSArthasiddhayupAya - AcArya amRtacandra, prakA. paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1928. pratikramaNagranthatrayI - prabhAcandrAcArya, prakA. bAlacanda devacanda zahA, mumbaI, prabandhacintAmaNi - merutuMgAcArya, sampA. jinavijaya muni, prakA. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1940. 236

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prabodhasAra - mahApaNDita yaza:kIrti, prakA. rAvajI sakhArAma dozI, solApura, 1928. pramANanayatattvalokAlaMkAra - AcArya vAdidevasUri, prakA. tiloka ratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI, 1972. pravacanasAra - AcArya kundakunda, sampA. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye, prakA. zrImad rAjacandra zAstramAlA, agAsa, 1964. pravacanasAroddhAra - AcArya nemicandra sUri, prakA. devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra saMsthA, bambaI, 1922. prazamarati prakaraNa - umAsvAmi, prakA. parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, prAkRta paMcasaMgraha - sampA. paM. hIrAlAla jaina, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1960. bAibila - bArasANuprekSA - AcArya kundakunda, prakA. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaNa saMgha, solApura, 1986. bArahakakkhara kakka - muni zrI vidyAnanda, prakA. apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jaina vidyA saMsthAna, mahAvIra jI, 2000. binduyoga - ajJAta, prakA. khemarAja zrIkRSNadAsa prakAzana, bambaI, bodhicaryAvatAra - zAntideva, prakA. buddhavihAra, lakhanaU, 1955. bauddhadarzana - paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, prakA. kitAba mahala, ilAhAbAda, 1992. bauddhadharmadarzana - AcArya narendradeva, prakA. bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1971. bhaktikAlIna hindI sAhitya meM yogabhAvanA - DaoN. zivazaMkara zarmA, aprakAzita zodha prabandha bhagavatIArAdhanA - AcArya zivArya, prakA. bra. hirAlAla khuzAlacandra dozI, phalaTaNa, vI. ni. 2516. bhagavatI ArAdhanA - AcArya zivArya, sampA. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaNa saMgha, solApura, 1978. bhagavatIsUtra - anu. becaradAsa, prakA. nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1974. bhagavAna mahAvIra jIvana darzana - paM. sumerucandra divAkara, 1970. bhArata kI saMskRti sAdhanA - rAmajI upAdhyAya, prakA. rAmanArAyaNalAla benImAdhava, ilAhAbAda, 1967. bhAratIya darzana - DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan sarvapallI, prakA. rAjapAla eNDa saMsa, dillI, 196. bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA - kavirAja gopInAtha; prakA. bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1963. 237

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bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sAhitya meM jainadharma kA yogadAna - DaoN. sudarzanalAla jaina, prakA. akhila bhAratIya diga. jaina vidvata pariSad, 1996. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, prakA. madhyapradeza zAsana pariSad, bhopAla, 1962. bhAvasaMgraha - AcArya devasena, hindI paM. lAlArAma zAstrI, prakA. bra. caoNdamala cUDIvAla, nAgaura, vi. saM. 2013. maMgalamantra NamokAra eka anuciMtana - DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1979. , maMtrarAjarahasyam - AcArya siMhatilakasUri, prakA. bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1980. majjhimanikAya - sampA. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, prakA. mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1933. manusmRti - kullukabhaTTa, prakA. caukhambA saMskRti sIrija, vArANasI, 1970. . . manonuzAsanam - AcArya tulasI, prakA. Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, 1979. mahAbhArata - vedavyAsa, prakA. bhANDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA, 1976. milindaprazna - nAgasena, prakA. barmI dharmazAlA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. phUlacandra premI, prakA. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1987. mUlAcAra - AcArya vaTTakera, anu. AryikA jJAnamatI, sampA. paM. kailAcandra zAstrI, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1999. mUlAcAra - AcArya vaTTakera, prakA. zruta bhaNDAra va grantha prakAzana samiti, phalaTaNa, vi. saM. 2484. mUlAcAra pradIpa - AcArya sakalakIrti, prakA. digambara jaina samAja, mAroTha, yazastilakacampU - AcArya somadeva, prakA. mahAvIra jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1971. yAjJavalkya smRti - prakA. saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, yoga kI pUrNatA - svAmI prabhapAda, prakA. bhakti vedAnta buka TrasTa, bambaI, yogadarzana - maharSi pataMjali, prakA. gItA prema, gorakhapura, vi. saM. 2055. yogadarzana tathA yogaviMzikA - nyAyAcArya yazovijaya, prakA. zAradAbena cImanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara, ahamadAbAda, 1999. yogapradIpa - ajJAta, prakA. jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI, 1960. yoga, prayoga, ayoga - DaoN. sAdhvI muktiprabhA, prakA. prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1993. 238

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.yogabindu - AcArya haribhadra, anu. buddhisAgara, prakA. jaina jJAna mandira vijayapura, 1950. yogamanovijJAna - zAntiprakAza Atreya, prakA. dI iMTaranezanala sTeNDarDa pablikezana, vArANasI, 1965. yogayAjJavalkya smRti - sampA. divAna prahlAda, prakA. muMzIrAma manoharalAla, bambaI, 1954. yoga vAziSTha - sampA. DaoN. bhagavAnasiMha rANA, prakA. DAyamaMDa pAkeTa buksa (prA. li.), naI dillI, yogavAziSTha - sampA. vAsudeva lakSmaNa zAstrI, prakA. tukArAma jAvajI, bambaI, 1918. yogaviMzikA - AcArya haribhadra, prakA. RSabhadeva kesarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1927 yogazAstra - AcArya hemacandra, sampA. go. jI. paTela, prakA. jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, 1938. yogazAstra : eka parizIlana - upAdhyAya amara muni, prakA. sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1963. yogazikhopaniSad - prakA. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1980. yogasAraprAbhRta - AcArya amitagati, sampA. paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1969. yogasArasaMgraha - vijJAnabhikSu, anu. pavanakumArI, prakA. IsTarna buka liMkarsa, dillI , 1981. yogasUtra - sampA. duNDirAja zAstrI, prakA. caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1982. yogAnuzIlana - kailAzacandra vADadAra, prakA. prabandhakAriNI kameTI, mahAvIra jI, 1982. raghuvaMza - mahAkavi kAlidAsa, prakA. caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, vi. saM. 2037. rayaNasAra - AcArya kundakunda, vyAkhyA zrI jJAnabhUSaNa mahArAja, rayaNasAra - AcArya kundakunda, sampA. DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI, prakA. vIra nirvANa grantha prakAzana samiti, indaura, vI. ni. 2500. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra - AcArya samantabhadra, hindI paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakA. muni saMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, sAgara, 1992. vasunandizrAvakAcAra - AcArya vasunandi, sampA. paM. hIrAlAla jaina, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1952. viMzativiMzikA - AcArya haribhadra, sampA. ke. vI. abhyaMkara, prakA. Arya bhUSaNa priMTiMga presa, 1932. 239

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya - jinabhadra gaNi, sampA. nathamala TATiyA, prakA. risarca insTITyUTa oNpha prAkRta jainAlaoNjI eNDa ahiMsA, vaizAlI, 1972. vizeSAvazyakabhASya - sampA. paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, prakA. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda, viSNupurANa - vedavyAsa, prakA. parimala pablikezana, dillI, 1986. visuddhamagga - buddhaghoSa, prakA. bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, vRhadravyasaMgraha - AcArya nemicandra siddhAntadeva, prakA. zrI sanmati diga. jaina mahilA vidyAlaya, sIkara, vi. saM. 2043. vRttaratnAkara - sampA. paM. kedAranAtha zarmA, prakA. caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, vi. saM. 2037. vaidika dharma evaM darzana - prakA. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, vairAgyamaNimAlA - zrIcandra kavi, prakA. bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvata pariSada, sonAgira, 1990. vaiSNava, zaiva evaM anya dhArmika mata - prakA. bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, zAstravArtAsamuccaya - AcArya haribhadra, prakA. lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda, 1969. zramaNasUtra - agaracanda nAhaTA, prakA. sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1951. . zrImadbhAgavatapurANa - vedavyAsa, prakA. gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi. saM. 2013. SaTkhaNDAgama - dhavalA TIkA sahita, sampA. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, zitAbarAya lakSmIcanda jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNasthAna vivecana (AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama) - DaoN. pramilA jaina, prakA. bhAratavarSIya diga. jaina mahAsabhA, lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa saMtakAvya meM yoga kA svarUpa - rAmezvara prasAda siMha, vi. saM. 2034. saMyuttanikAya - jagadIza kazyapa, prakA. mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha saMskRta hindI koSa - vAmana zivarAma ApTe, prakA. motIlAla banArasIdAsa pablisarsa prA. li., dillI , 1989. sanmatitarka - siddhasena divAkara, vyAkhyA abhayadevasUri, prakA. zeTha motIzA lAlabAga jaina TrasTa, bambaI, vi. saM. 2040. samayasAra - AcArya kundakunda, sampA.paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, prakA. parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, vi. saM. 1919. samayasArakalaza - AcArya amRtacandra, prakA. vItarAga satsAhitya prasAraka TrasTa, bhAvanagara, vI. saM. 2503. 240

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samavAyAMga - prakA. gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda samAdhitantra aura iSTopadeza - AcArya pUjyapAda, prakA. vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1954. samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka - AcArya sakalakIrti, anu. hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, prakA. vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, dillI, 1964. samAdhizataka - AcArya pUjyapAda, sampA. paM. sumerucandra divAkara, prakA. AcAryaratna dezabhUSaNa mahArAja granthamAlA, stavanidhi, samAdhisAra - traividya somasenAcArya, sampA. paM. pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya, prakA. diga. jaina grantha prakAzana samiti, nAgaura, vi. saM. 2034. sarvadarzanasaMgraha - mAdhavAcArya, prakA. caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1978. sarvArthasiddhi - AcArya pUjyapAda, sampA. paM. phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, vI. ni. 2572. sAgAradharmAmRta - paM. AzAdhara, sampA. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1978. sArasamuccaya - kulabhadrAcArya, hindI AryikA supArzvamatI, prakA. bhAratavarSIya anekAnta pariSada, sonAgiri, 1990. sAhityadarpaNa - kavirAja vizvanAtha, prakA. meharacandra lakSmaNadAsa, dillI, 1982. siddhasiddhAntapaddhati - gorakSanAtha, sampA. kalyANI malika, prakA. oriyanTala buka hAusa, pUnA, 1954. suttanipAta - anu. bhikSu dharmaratna, prakA. mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 1951. subodhacandrikA - sAgaracandra baDajAtyA, prakA. basaMtakumAra baDajAtyA, gvAliyara, 199. sUtrakRtAMga - prakA. gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda sthAnAMgasUtra - prakA. gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda haThayogapradIpikA - svAtmArAma, prakA. mAdhava yogamandira samiti, lonAvalA, saM. 2035. haThayoga pradIpikA - prakA. veMkaTezvara presa prakAzana, mumbaI, 1962. harivaMzapurANa - AcArya jinasena, sampA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1978. - 241

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patrikAe~ arhad vacana, sampA. DaoN. anupama jaina, kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura, janavarI 1997. kalyANa - yogAMga vizeSAMka, gItA presa, gorakhapura, jinavANI - sampA. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, dhyAna-yoga : rUpa aura darzana vizeSAMka, 1972. tIrthaMkara - sampA. DaoN. nemIcandra jaina, hIrA bhaiyA prakAzana, indaura tulasIprajJA - sampA. DaoN. nathamala TATiyA, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~, * English Book Concentration : A Practical Course - Urnest Wood Gorakhnath and the Kanafata Yogis - G. W. Briggs, Y. M.C.A. Publishing ;LIHouse, Calcutta, 1938. History of Ancient India - R. S. Tripathi, Motilal Banarasidass, Varanasi, 1960. Jainism the oldest Living Religion - Jyoti Prasad Jain, Jain Sanskrit Sanshodhan Mandal, Banaras, 1951. Mohen-Jodaro and the Indus Civilization - Sir J. Marshall, London, 1931. Outline of Psychology - W. Mc. Dougall Siddha Siddhant Paddhati and other works of Nath Yogis - K. Mallik, Orientel Book House, 1954. 242

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dekho, jindA bhI ho yA nahIM? mahArAja vikramAditya kahIM jA rahe the| eka atyaMta vRddha AdamI ko dekhakara unhoMne pUchA 'mahAzaya! ApakI umra kitanI hogI? sapheda dAr3hI hilAte hue usane uttara diyA, zrImAna jI, kevala cAra varSa kii| yaha sunakara rAjA ko bar3A krodha aayaa| vaha bolA-tumheM zarma AnI cAhiye; itane bUr3he hokara bhI jhUTha bolate ho| tumhe assI varSa se kama kauna kahegA? bUDhA muskurAkara bolA-zrImAn Apa ThIka kahate haiM, kintu ina 80 varSoM meM se 76 varSa taka to maiM pazu kI taraha kuTumba kA bojha DhotA rhaa| apanI ora dRSTi bhI nahIM dii| ataH vaha pazu kA jIvana thaa| abhI 4 varSa se hI maiMne AtmakalyANa kI ora dRSTi dI hai, isase merI manuSya jIvana kI Ayu to kevala 4 varSa kI hai|' bandara ko kisane pakar3A-murkhatA ne yA ghar3e ne? - eka bandara eka manuSya ke ghara pratidina AtA thA aura udhama karatA thaa| kapar3e phAr3a denA, bartana le jAnA, baccoM ko noca lenA, khAne pIne kI vastue~ phailA denA, usakA nitya kArya thaa| ghara vAle usake isa upadrava se parezAna the| eka dina ghara svAmI ne eka choTe muMha kI hAnDI ma~gAyI aura usameM bhune cane DAlakara hAnDI ko bhUmi meM gAr3a diyA, kevala hAnDI kA mu~ha khulA huA thaa| saba loga vahA~ se dUra cale gye| : vaha bandara ghara meM aayaa| thor3I dera idhara-udhara kUdatA rahA, jaba usane gar3I huI hAnDI meM cane dekhe to hAnDI ke pAsa Akara baiTha gyaa| cane nikAlane ke liye usane hAnDI meM hAtha DAlA aura muTThI meM cane bhara liye| hAnDI kA muMha choTA thA. usameM se maThI nahIM nikala sakatI thii| bandara ne maThI nikAlane ke liye jora lagAyA, cillAne lagA aura kUdane lgaa| usa bandara ne samajha rakhA thA ki isa hAnDI ne mujhe pakar3a rakhA hai| ghara svAmI ne bandara ko rassI se bAMdha kara bAhara bheda diyaa| bandara ko ghar3e ne nahIM pakar3a rakhA thA, vaha muTThI khola detA to chUTakara bhAga sakatA thA kintu usakI ajJAnatA se vaha pakar3A gayA thA isI prakAra saMsArI jIva apane ajJAna se bAndhA hai kintu mAnatA hai ki mujhe karma aura zarIra Adi ne bAMdha rakhA hai| upayoga se camatkAra __paM. bhUdharadAsa jI sAmAyika kara rahe the, usI samaya eka cUhA unake paira ke phor3e ko kATatA rahA, jisase phor3e meM bar3A ghAva ho gyaa| sAmAyika se uThane ke bAda jaba unake gharavAloM ne dekhA, to unheM bar3A duHkha huaa| aba usa phor3e para bAra-bAra makkhI baiThatI to paM. jI unheM phaurana ur3A dete; yaha dekhakara unake bhAI ne kahA-jaba cUhA to eka ghaNTe taka kATakara itanA bar3A ghAva kara gayA, taba to Apane use bhagAyA nahIM; aba choTI-sI makkhI ko bAra-bAra ur3A rahe haiN| paM. bhUdharadAsa jI ne uttara diyA- usa samaya maiM akele apane ghara meM (dhyAna meM) thA, vahA~ kisI kI kucha khabara nahIM rhtii| yahA~ aba zarIra ke sAtha bhI hU~, isaliye usakI khabara bhI rahatI hai| -

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honA hai so hotA hai digor3A nivAsI (ma.pra.) bAbA daulatarAma jI ghor3oM para sAmAna rakhakara kucha sAthiyoM ke sAtha dUsare gAMva jA rahe the| jaMgala meM zAma ke samaya unake sAmAyika kA samaya ho gyaa| unhoMne sAthiyoM se kahA-bhAI maiM to sAmAyika karUgAM / eka sAthI ne kahA-yahA~ DAkuoM kA Dara hai tathA zAma bhI ho gaI haiM, ataH agale gAMva meM pahu~cakara sAmAyika kara lenA; lekina bAbAjI nahIM mAne aura sAmAyika karane baiTha gye| sAthI Age cale gye| itane meM DAku Aye, unhoMne bAbAjI ko to chor3a diyA aura Age jAkara unake sAthiyoM ko lUTa liyaa| saba ThATha par3A raha jAegA jaba lAda calega baMjArA eka vRddhA, rAjA ko jamIna kA lagAna nahIM cukA pAyI, isase rAjA ne usakI jamIna chIna lii| eka dina bur3hiyA eka Tokare meM bahuta hI miTTI bhare huye baiThI thI, usI samaya rAjA vahA~ se nikala pdd'aa| vRddhA ne rAjA se kahA-beTA, merA yaha TokanA uThavA denaa| rAjA ne kahA-yaha TokanA to bahuta vajanadAra hai, yaha kaise uThAyA jA sakatA hai? taba vRddhA bolI-jaba itanA sA TokanA nahIM uThA sakate, to marate samaya merA kheta kaise uThA ke le jAoge? yaha sunakara rAjA kI AMkhe khula gii| usane vRddhA kI jamIna vApasa kara, usase kSamA yAcanA kii| bujhI lAlaTena koI aMdhA adAmI rAta ko apane mitra ke yahAM se ghara lauTane lagA to mitra ne jalatI lAlaTena usake hAtha meM thamA dii| aMdhA haMsA aura bolA - "yaha mere kisa kAma AyegI?" mitra ne kahA "lATane dekhakara loga tumhAre liye rAstA chor3a degeM isaliye ise le jaao|" andhA lAlaTena lekara cala par3A aura rAste meM jaba eka AdamI usase TakarA gayA to vaha andhA jhallAyA - "AMkha mUMda kA cala rahe ho kyA, dikhatI nahIM mere hAtha meM lAlaTena?" isa para usa AdamI ne uttara diyA - "para bhAI lAlaTena to bujhI huI hai|" saca hai, lAlaTena jala rahI hai yA nahIM, ise dekhane ke liye bhI AMkha caahiye|

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yogibhakti yogIzvarAna jinAna sarvAna yoga - nirdhUta - kalmaSAn / yogaistribhi - rahaM vaMde, yoga - skaMdha - pratiSThitAn // 1 // prAvRTkAle savidyut-prapatita-salile vRkssmuulaadhivaasaaH| hemaMte rAtrimadhye, prativigata-bhayAH kASThavat tyktdehaaH|| grISme sUryAMzutaptA, girizikharagatAH sthaankuuttaantrsthaaH| te me dharma pradadhurmunigaNavRSabhA mokSaniHzreNibhUtAH // 2 // gimhe girisiharatthA, varisAyAle rukkhamUla rynniisu| sisire vAhirasayaNA, te sAhU vaMdimo NiccaM // 3 // giri - kaMdara - durgeSu, ye vasanti digmbraaH| pANipAtra - puTAhArAste yAnti paramA gatim // 4 // 1. yoga se kalmaSa/kAluSya/pApa ko dhone vAle yogarUpa tanoM para pratiSThita/sthita sabhI yogIzvara jinoM ko maiM tInoM yogoM (mana, vacana, kAya) se vandita/pUjita karatA huuN| 2. bijalI kI camaka/tar3aka yukta mUsalAdhAra girate hue jala vAle varSAkAla meM vRkSa-mUla-vAsI, zIta-rAtriyoM meM bhaya rahita kASTha/lakar3I ke samAna zarIra-tyAgI, zIta-yoga-vAsI tathA garmI meM sUrya kI kiraNoM se tape hue parvatoM kI coTiyoM ke madhya sthita sthAnoM meM rahane vAle, mokSa ke lie nasainI svarUpa, munigaNoM meM zreSTha, ve yogI mujhe saddharma pradAna kreN| 3. garmI meM giri-zikhara ke Upara sthita, varSAkAla kI rAtri meM vRkSamUla meM sthita tathA zizira ThaMDI meM bAhara sone vAle sAdhuoM kI maiM vandanA karatA huuN| 4. jo digambara sAdhu giri guphAoM va durgoM meM rahate haiM tathA pANipAtrarUpI puTa/done meM AhAra lete haiM, ve paramagati ko prApta hote haiN| dhyAna kI pAtratA sarvapApAsrave kSINe dhyAne bhavati bhAvanA / pApopahatavRttInAM dhyAnavArtApi durlabhA / / arthAt-jaba samasta pApoM kA Asrava kSINa ho jAtA hai tabhI dhyAna kI bhAvanA hotI hai / jinakI vRtti/AcaraNa pApa se upahata ho rahI hai aise puruSoM ko dhyAna kI bAta karanA bhI durlabha hai|