Bhaiya Bhagavatidas aur Unka Sahitya

Author(s): Usha Jain
Publisher: Akhil Bharatiya Sahitya Kala Manch
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002541/1

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bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aura unakA sAhitya parasparopagraho jIvAnAm - DaoN0 uSA jaina

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sabhyatA ke AdikAla se hI bhArata meM brAhmaNa aura zramaNa saMskRti kI dhArAeM samAnAntara rUpa se pravAhita ho rahI haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti ke nirmANa meM jaina paramparA kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| jainAcAryoM dvArA saskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI Adi sabhI bhASAoM meM racita sAhitya bahuta vizAla hai| kheda kA viSaya hai ki sAhitya ke itihAsa lekhaka tathA vidvAna sAmpradAyika kaha kara jaina sAhitya kI kAphI samaya taka upekSA karate rhe| kintu AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne apane zodha-graMtha 'hindI sAhitya kA Adi kAla' meM joradAra zabdoM meM isakI mahattA ko svIkAra karate hue likhA 'kevala naitika aura dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika upadezoM ko dekhakara yadi hama graMthoM ko sAhitya sImA se bAhara nikAlane lageMge to hameM AdikAvya se bhI hAtha dhonA par3egA, kabIra kI racanAoM ko bhI namaskAra kara denA par3egA aura jAyasI ko bhI dUra se daMDavata kara vidA kara denA hogaa|' bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa IsA kI satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM eka AdhyAtmika jaina saMta aura bhakta kavi hue haiN| unake antara se jJAna, bhakti aura kAvya kI pRthula dhArA pravAhita hotI rhii| dharma kI kaThina sAdhanA ko unhoMne kathA-kahAnI kA rUpa dekara AkarSaka rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai, vaise hI jaise auSadhi kI kaTutikta goliyoM ko cInI se AveSTita kara diyA jAtA hai| kAvya sRjana ke samaya ke anusAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa hindI sAhitya ke rItikAla ke antargata Ate haiM, kintu manaH pravRti se hama unheM saMta aura bhakta kaviyoM ke nikaTa hI pAte haiN| vidvAnoM ne rItikAlIna kaviyoM ko tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai- rItisiddha, rItibaddha aura rItimukta kvi| isa dRSTi se bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA sthAna rItimakta kaviyoM meM nirdhArita hotA hai, kintu taba bhI unake prati pUrNa nyAya nahIM hogaa| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hindI-sAhitya kA itihAsa likhane vAle naye lekhaka 'rItikAla ke bhakta aura saMta kavi' nAma kA pRthaka varga banAeM jisameM brahma meM vilAsa karAne vAle kAvya ke racayitAoM ko samAsIna kiyA jA ske| 'bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa aura unakA sAhitya aneka dRSTiyoM se apratima hai| isameM eka vismRtaprAya kavi evaM bhakta kI kIrti rakSA kA stutya prayAsa kiyA gayA hai|

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bhaiyA bhagavatIdArA aura unakA sAhitya DaoN0 uSA jaina rIDara evaM pUrva adhyakSa hindI vibhAga vardhamAna kaoNleja, bijanaura -: prakAzaka :akhila bhAratIya sAhitya kalA maMca murAdAbAda (u0 pra0)

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prakAzaka a0bhA0 sAhitya kalA maMca murAdAbAda (u0 pra0) prakAzana varSa : san 2006 sarvAdhikAra : DaoN0 uSA jaina vitaraka a0bhA0 sAhitya kalA maMca murAdAbAda (u0 pra0) mUlya : 250/- rUpaye lejara TAipasaiTiMga : kumAra kampyUTarsa 25, cimmana-bajariyA cA~dapura (bijanaura) u0 pra0 0: 01345 - 221119 Bhaiyya Bhagvati Das Aur Unka Sahitya by Dr. Usha Jain

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bhUmikA ____ 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdiyoM meM aise pacAsoM kavi hue haiM jinhoMne hindI padya evaM gadya meM sabhI taraha kI racanAe~ nibaddha karane kA zreya prApta kiyaa| ina do zatAbdiyoM meM racita vizAla sAhitya kI abhI taka pUrI khoja bhI nahIM ho sakI hai| vigata 40 varSoM se isa kSetra meM kAryarata hone para mujhe svayaM ko bhI pUrI kRtiyoM kA patA lagAnA kaThina pratIta hotA hai kyoMki choTe se choTe graMtha saMgrahAlaya meM eka do naI kRtiyA~ upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM to jaina kaviyoM kA kRtitva pUrI taraha upekSita rahA hai aura pacAsoM kRtiyoM ke prakAzana para bhI abhI taka itihAsakAroM kA usa ora dhyAna nahIM jA sakA hai| isI taraha jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bhI pUrI kRtiyoM kA samAveza nahIM ho pAyA hai| DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina, DaoN. nemicaMda zAstrI DaoN. prema sAgara jaina ne apane hindI jaina sAhitya meM kucha kRtiyoM kA paricaya to avazya diyA hai lekina kRtiyoM kI vizAla saMkhyA ko dekhate hue vaha prayAsa bhI U~Ta ke muMha meM jIre ke samAna hai| mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne mahAkavi svayambhU ke paumacariu ko hindI kA Adi-kAvya mAnakara tathA DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne jaina hindI-sAhitya ko bhAratIya sAhitya kA aMga mAnakara jaina hindI-kaviyoM ke gaurava ko bar3hAyA hai lekina jisa gati se jaina-kaviyoM ke hindI sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana honA cAhie thA vaha abhI taka nahIM ho pAyA hai| hindI ke jaina-kavi Arambha se hI kisI eka dhArA se cipake hue nahIM rahe kintu unhoMne svayaM hI apanI-apanI racanAoM ko kAvya kI vibhinna dhArAoM meM nibaddha karake hindI sAhitya kI vizAlatA meM abhivRddhi kI aura jana sAmAnya meM hindI paThana-pAThana ke kSetra ko vistRta karane meM saphalatA prApta kii| rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM meM hindI kI saiMkar3oM pAMDulipiyA~ saMgrahIta haiM, jinako dekhane se patA calatA hai ki ye racanAe~ kathA, rAso, rAsa, pUjA, maMgala, jayamAla, praznottarI, sAra, samuccaya, stotra, pATha, varNana, subhASita, caupAI, zubhamAlikA, nizANI, jakar3I, byAhalo, badhAvA, vinatI, patrI, AratI, bola, caracA, vicAra, (i)

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bAta, gIta, lIlA, caritra, chaMda, chappaya, bhAvanA, vinoda, kalpa, nATaka, dhamAla, cauDhAliyA, caumAsiyA, bArAmAsA, baToI, beli, hiNDolanA, cUnar3I, sajjhAya, bArAkhar3I, bhakti vaMdanA, paccIsI, battIsI, pacAsA, bAbanI, satasaI, sahastranAma, nAmAvali, guruvAvalI, stavana, saMbodhana, Adi nAmoM ke aMtargata nibaddha kI giiN| ina vividha sAhitya rUpoM meM se kisakA kaba Arambha huA aura kisa prakAra vikAsa evaM vistAra huA yaha zodha kA rocaka viSaya hai| hindI kI jananI apabhraMza bhASA para to jaina kaviyoM kA ekamAtra adhikAra rahA hai| unhoMne apabhraMza ke mAdhyama se hindI ke vikAsa meM jo yoga diyA, vaha to aisI kahAnI hai, jisa para jitanA likhA jAve vahI kama hai| jaina kaviyoM ne 12-13 zatAbdI meM choTe-choTe rAsa kAvya nibaddha kara hindI bhASA ke paThana-pAThana ko lokapriya banAne kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA aura usameM ve pUrI taraha saphala hue| unhoMne jAyasI jaisA mahAkAvya to nahIM likhA kintu saMvat 1354 meM jiNadatta carita likhakara prabandha kAvya likhane kI paramparA ko janma diyaa| isI taraha saMvat 1411 (san-1354) meM brajabhASA meM pradyumna carita nibaddha karake prAdezika bhASAoM ko samRddha banAne kA mahAna upakrama kiyaa| isase hindI kA vikAsa hotA hI gayA aura usameM likhane par3hane ko rASTrIya pAMDitya kI mAnyatA milane lgii| ___16vIM zatAbdI meM bUcarAja, chIhala, caturumala, gauravadAsa evaM ThakkurasI jaise kavi hue jinhoMne apanI laghu kintu sazakta kRtiyoM se hindI kA bhaMDAra bhara diyaa| chIhala kI paMcasahelI gIta evaM bAvalI hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM carcita kRtiyoM meM rahI haiN| saMvata 1560 se 1600 taka kI ardhazatI eka saMdhikAla thaa| rAjasthAna ko chor3akara prAyaH sampUrNa uttarI bhArata para muslima zAsana thaa| apabhraMza sAhitya meM sRjana kA yuga samApta ho rahA thA aura hindI zanaiH-zanaiH usakA sthAna le rahI thii| jaina kavi hindI kI ora vizeSa AkRSTa the| rAjasthAna meM ve nirbhaya hokara hindI-rAjasthAnI meM kRtiyA~ nibaddha karane meM lage hue the| bUcarAja, chIhala, caturUmala, evaM ThakkurasI sabhI rAjasthAnI kavi the| isake atirikta 16vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM hindI meM brahma jinadAsa jaise mahAkavi hue jinhoMne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM 70 se bhI adhika rAsa kAvya likhakara eka nayA udAharaNa prastuta kiyaa| eka kavi dvArA rAjasthAnI meM itane adhika kAvya prathama bAra likhe gae aura kavi ke prabhAva se sArA bAgar3a pradeza hindImaya ho gyaa| aura usake pazcAt jaina santoM ke rUpa meM naye-naye kavi hote gae aura apanI racanAoM dvArA mA~ bhAratI kA bhaNDAra bharate ge|

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17vIM evaM 18vIM zatAbdI hindI sAhitya ke lie svarNayuga mAnA jAtA hai| ina do zatAbdiyoM meM hindI kaviyoM meM hor3a sI laga gaI aura sAre deza meM hindI ke granthoM kI lokapriyatA meM vRddhi hone lagI, eka sAtha kitane hI kavi hone lge| jaina bhaTTArakoM ne hindI ko bahuta hI prazraya diyaa| unhoMne svayaM hindI rAjasthAnI meM anaginata racanAe~ nibaddha kii| bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra ke samakAlIna hone vAle 70 kaviyoM kA nAmollekha paricaya to hamane zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI ke caturtha bhAga meM diyA hai, jise hama pUrNa nahIM kaha skte| svayaM kavi ratnakIti ne choTI-bar3I 44 kRtiyoM ko nibaddha karane kA zreya prApta kiyA aura unake ziSya kumudacandra ne 30 kRtiyoM kI racanA karake hindI ke gaurava ko baDhAyA aura apanI kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se sAre bAgar3a pradeza meM hindI racanAoM kI dhUma macA dii| isI zatAbdI meM banArasIdAsa jaise yazasvI mahAkavi hue jinhoMne samayasAra nATaka kI racanA karake adhyAtma kSetra meM hindI ko praveza dilaayaa| samayasAra nATaka kA svAdhyAya karane ke lie jana sAmAnya ne hindI par3hanA likhanA prArambha kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjasthAna ke choTe-bar3e sabhI graMthAgAroM meM samayasAra nATaka kI pANDulipi upalabdha hotI hai| banArasIdAsa ke 'banArasI vilAsa' meM choTI-bar3I 49 racanAoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| jo bhASA, zailI evaM viSaya kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya kRtiyA~ haiN| yadi sAmpradAyikatA kA cazmA utAra kara banArasIdAsa kI racanAoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA jAve to Ananda vibhora hue binA nahIM rahA jaavegaa| yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki jaina kavi nArI saundarya ke cakkara meM nahIM par3a kara jagat kI asAratA, AtmA kI ananta zakti kA AtmA para vijaya pAne ke upAya para kAvya racanA karate rahe aura apane pAThakoM ko zRMgAra rasa se dUra rakhate rhe| banArasIdAsa ne apane jIvana ke 55 varSa kI jIvana kahAnI ko sahI rUpa meM arthAt jo jaisI thI usI rUpa meM binA namaka mirca lagAye prastuta kii| yahI kAraNa hai ki banArasIdAsa kA ardhakathAnaka vizva kI mahAna AtmakathA mAnI jAtI hai| ____ 18vIM zatAbdI kI prathama dazAbdI meM mahAkavi sabhAcanda hue jinhoMne padmapurANa ko mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM chandobaddha karane kA zreya prApta kiyaa| saMvat 1711 meM racita isa mahAkAvya meM pUrI jaina rAmAyaNa chandobaddha kI gaI hai jisakI chanda saMkhyA 6606 hai tathA jo mukhyataH dohA caupAI pradhAna hindI kAvya hai| isake pUrva kisI bhI jaina kavi ne hindI padya meM itanI bar3I racanA nahIM likhI thii| racanA dhArA pravAha calatI hai| bhASA satya, madhura evaM sarala hai| isa racanA ke do varSa

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pazcAt bAlaka kavi ne saMvat 1713 meM 3600 padyoM meM sItAcaritra likhakara rAma kathA ko jaina samAja meM lokapriya banA diyaa| isake pazcAt bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA samaya AtA hai| ye AgarA nivAsI the / AgarA ko 200 varSoM taka saMvat 1601 se 1800 taka hindI jaina kaviyoM kA kendra rahane kA saubhAgya milaa| ina do sau varSoM meM bIsoM kavi hue jinhoMne hindI kAvyoM ko eka nayA svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| AgarA meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke pUrva hone vAle ina kaviyoM meM mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ke atirikta pANDe rUpacanda, argalapura jina vandanA ke racayitA paM0 bhagavatIdAsa, pANDe jinadAsa, jagajIvana, kuMarapAla, parihAnanda, parimalla hIrAcanda mukIma, paM0 hIrAnanda ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke uttarakAlIna kaviyoM meM kavivara daulatarAma kAsalIvAla evaM kavivara bhUdharadAsa ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| bhUdharadAsa saMbhavata: AgarA meM hone vAle usa kar3I ke antima kavi the jinhoMne pArzvapurANa jaise zreSTha kAvya kI racanA karane kA gaurava prApta kiyaa| isa zatAbdI kI eka vizeSatA yaha rahI ki svayaM kavi hI apanI laghu racanAoM ko eka hI sthAna para saMkalana karake use apane nAma ke sAtha vilAsa nAma denA adhika upayogI mAnane lge| banArasI vilAsa, dyAnatavilAsa, brahma vilAsa, viveka vilAsa, bhUdhara vilAsa isI taraha kI kRtiyA~ haiN| itanA avazya hai ki banArasIdAsa kI laghu racanAoM kA saMkalana jagajIvana kavi ne kiyA / kintu brahma vilAsa evaM bhUdhara vilAsa svayaM kavi dvArA diyA huA nAma hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa 18vIM zatAbdI ke pratinidhi kavi the| jaina kaviyoM kI paMkti meM unakA sammAnIya sthAna hai kinta unakA abhI taka vyApaka adhyayana nahIM ho sakA thaa| yadyapi hindI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa lekhakoM vizeSataH DaoN0 kAmatAprasAda jaina, DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA apane itihAsa meM sAmAnya paricaya to diyA hai lekina unake jIvana, vyaktitva evaM kRttitva para vizeSa prakAza nahIM DAlA jA sakA thA, isalie zrImatI uSA jaina ne aise mahattvapUrNa kavi para zodha grantha likhakara tathA usake vyaktitva evaM kRttitva para vizada prakAza DAlakara eka yazasvI kArya kiyA hai, jisake lie ve dhanyavAda kI pAtra haiN| bhagavatIdAsa ke nAma ke pUrva bhaiyA zabda kA prayoga saMbhavataH unake mAtA-pitA ke sampanna gharAne ke hone kA dyotaka hai tathA ve apane mAtA-pitA ke (iv)

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lAr3ale putra the isalie bhI janasAmAnya unheM bhaiyA nAma se sambodhita karatA hogaa| isake atirikta unhoMne svayaM apanI racanAoM ke saMkalana ko brahma vilAsa ke nAma se nAmakaraNa kiyA yaha bhI mahattvapUrNa bAta hai jo isa tathya kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki adhyAtmaparaka racanAoM ke lekhana meM unakI vizeSa ruci rahI hogii| zrImatI uSA jaina ne bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI sabhI racanAoM kA vistRta paricaya diyA hai tathA unakI bhASA, zailI, chanda, alaMkAra Adi sabhI vizeSatAoM para acchA prakAza DAlA hai| isa zodha graMtha meM kavi kI sabhI vizeSatAoM ko pAThakoM ke sAmane prastuta kiyA hai| Apake isa adhyayana se hindI kA eka mahattvapUrNa evaM sazakta kavi jo aba taka alpa carcita rahA apane pUre kRtitva ke sAtha sAmane AyA hai jisase hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM use vizeSa sthAna prApta hogA tathA unakI kRtiyoM ke paThana-pAThana evaM adhyayana kI ora sabhI pAThakoM kA dhyAna hogaa| DaoN. zrImatI uSA jaina ke isa bhagIratha prayatna kI jitanI prazaMsA kI jAve vahI kama hai| bhaviSya meM ve aura bhI acarcita kaviyoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA prayAsa kareMgI aisI unase AzA kI jAtI hai| hindI jaina-sAhitya kI vizAlatA ko dekhate hue isa ora vizeSa prayAsa kI AvazyakatA hai lekina phira bhI zrImatI jaina kA yaha zodha graMtha isa kSetra meM mazAla kA kArya karegA aisI merI manobhAvanA hai| 867, amRta kalaza barakata nagara kisAna mArga ToMka roDa, jayapura DaoN0 kastUra canda kAsalIvAla nidezaka zrI mahAvIra gaMtha akAdamI, jayapura

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aMtardarzana AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne apane hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jaina, nAtha-paMtha tathA siddhoM ke sAhitya ko 'sAmpradAyika zikSA mAtra' taka mAnakara use 'zuddha sAhitya' ke antargata sthAna nahIM diyA thaa| isa mAnyatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM AcArya zukla jI kA apanA vizuddhatAvAdI dRSTikoNa hI pramukha hai para isameM bhI saMdeha nahIM hai ki unake jIvana-kAla meM ukta sAhitya ke aise anekAneka graMtha prakAza meM nahIM A pAe the, jinameM siddhAMta nirUpaNa ke sAtha-sAtha sAhitya kI komala bhAvanA pravAhita thii| ataH AcArya zukla jI ko apanI sthApanAoM para punarvicAra kA avasara nahIM milaa| - DaoN. pItAmbara datta bar3athvAla, mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana tathA DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA prabhRti vidvAnoM ke satprayAsoM se saMta-sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha jaina, nAtha-paMtha tathA siddhoM kA sAhitya bhI vizAla parimANa meM prakAza meM aayaa| isake AdhAra para AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne apane zodha-graMtha 'hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla' meM joradAra zabdoM meM isakI mahattA ko svIkArate hue likhA "kevala naitika aura dhArmika tathA AdhyAtmika upadezoM ko dekhakara yadi hama graMthoM ko sAhitya-sImA se bAhara nikAlane lageMge to hameM Adi-kAvya se bhI hAtha dhonA par3egA, kabIra kI racanAoM ko bhI namaskAra kara denA par3egA aura jAyasI ko bhI dUra se daMDavat karake vidA kara denA hogaa|" Age calakara siddha-sAhitya, nAtha-paMtha tathA jaina-sAhitya para aneka vidvAnoM ne apanA dhyAna kendrita kiyaa| bhArata meM brAhamaNa tathA zramaNa saMskRti kI dhArAe~ samAnAntara rUpa meM pravAhita rahI haiN| jaina dharma bhI bhAratIya saMskRti kA avicchinna aMga rahA hai| ataH saMta-sAhitya ke kSetra meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA yogadAna bhI atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| DaoN. premasAgara jaina ne hindI jaina bhakti kAvya kA Arambha saM0 1405 vi0 se mAnA hai| unhoMne prArambhika jaina kaviyoM ke pakSa meM rAjazekhara sUri (1405 vi0), sadhArU (1411 vi0) vinayaprabha upAdhyAya (1412 vi0) Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| apane zodha-prabaMdha 'jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi' meM unhoMne jaina saMta kaviyoM (vi)

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kI lambI sUcI dI hai, jisameM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa tathA unakI kRtiyoM kA bhI saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN. zrImatI uSA jaina ne apane prastuta grantha meM inhIM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa tathA unake kRtitva para savistAra vicAra kiyA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI samasta kRtiyA~ saMvat 1731 vi0 se 1755 vi0 ke madhya racita haiM, jo 'brahma vilAsa' zIrSaka se svayaM kavi dvArA hI saMgrahIta haiN| hindI-sAhitya meM yaha kAla-khaMDa rIti-kAla ke antargata AtA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI racanAoM meM alaMkAroM ke prayoga para isakA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| unake dvArA racita 'citra-kAvya' bhI isI kI preraNA kA pariNAma hai| phira bhI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko hama saMta evaM bhakta kaviyoM ke adhika nikaTa pAte haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne zreSTha rUpaka-kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| unakI stutiparaka racanAe~ bhI uccakoTi kI haiN| isa prakAra eka ora unhoMne premagAthAkAroM ke rUpaka kAvyoM kA anusaraNa kiyA to dUsarI ora kRSNa-bhakti zAkhA ke kaviyoM kI stutiparaka paramparA ko Age bddh'aayaa| unakI racanAoM meM zAMta rasa kI pradhAnatA hai| isa dRSTi se ve kabIradAsa ke adhika nikaTa haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI racanAoM meM jJAna tathA bhakti kA sundara samanvaya huA hai| unameM zreSTha AcaraNa kA bhI nirUpaNa unakA apanA vaiziSTya hai| darzana ke kSetra meM unhoMne jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha meM jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ke sapramANa vivecana ke sAtha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke vicAroM se unakA tAratamya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| ___'bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aura unakA sAhitya' grantha aneka dRSTiyoM se apratima hai| isameM eka vismRtaprAya kavi evaM bhakta kI kIrti-rakSA kA stutya prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, jo lokahita ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM meM bhI eka puNya kArya hai| AzA hai ki vidvajjanoM ko isase paritoSa hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra jaMyatI, 2049 vi0 -DaoN0 rAmasvarUpa Arya adhyakSa hindI-vibhAga vardhamAna kAleja, bijanaura (vii)

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abhimata hiMdI jaina sAhitya meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI racanAe~ 'brahmavilAsa' ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| AdhyAtmika kavivara bhaiyA jI ne apanI racanAoM ko svayaM hI brahmavilAsa ke nAma se saMskArita kiyA thaa| isameM kucha rUpaka kAvyamaya haiM to kucha dArzanika evaM saiddhAntika haiN| kucha zikSA tathA upadeza pradhAna haiN| citrakAvya kA bhI bhaiyA jI ne sRjana kiyA thA; kintu unameM bhakti evaM adhyAtmaparaka racanAoM kA prAbalya hai| ina saba bahuAyAmI racanAoM meM vividha alaMkAroM kA prayoga karate hue kavi ne jo apane vizuddha AdhyAtmika bhAvoM ko abhivyakta kiyA thA, usase kavi kI vipula-pratibhA evaM bhAvAbhivyakti meM nipuNatA kA sahaja hI AbhAsa ho jAtA hai| unakI racanAoM meM hRdayasparzI kAvya saundarya dikhAI detA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hI hai| bhaiyA jI ke atirikta anya jaina kaviyoM ne bhI hiMdI sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko apanI bahuAyAmI mahatvapUrNa racanAoM dvArA bharA hI hai; kiMtu unake pracAra prasAra ke abhAva tathA zAstra bhaNDAroM meM hI simaTa kara raha jAne ke kAraNa ve prakAza meM na A skiiN| phira hiMdI sAhitya ke mahArathiyoM dvArA una racanAoM kI sAmpradAyika kaha kara paryApta upekSA bhI kI gii| jaba svanAmadhanya adhyAtma rasika kavivara pratibhAzAlI vidvAna zrI paM0 banArasIdAsa jI kI 'arddhakathAnaka' evaM 'nATaka samayasAra' jaisI racanAe~ sAhitya manISiyoM kI dRSTi meM AyIM taba niSpakSa bhAva se avalokana karane se unakA bhrama dUra huaa| hiMdI evaM AdhyAtmika sAhityAkAza meM kavivara banArasIdAsa jI sacamuca hI eka kAMtimAna nakSatra kI bhAti udita hue the| isI saMdarbha meM 18vIM zatAbdI meM AgarA meM kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa udita he| jinhoMne tathokta brahmavilAsa nAma se apanI racanAoM kA sRjana kara hiMdI kAvya sAhitya ko eka bahumUlya ratna samarpita kiyaa| viduSI DaoN. zrImatI uSA jaina ne kucha samaya pUrva graMtha bhaMDAroM meM DubakiyA~ lagAkara kAvya ratnoM meM se brahmavilAsa ko apane zodha prabaMdha ke lekhana hetu cunA (viii)

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aura usakA adhyayana kara apane vaiduSyapUrNa adhyavasAya dvArA usakA sarvAMga Alor3ana karate hue 'bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aura unakA sAhitya' nAma se sundara graMtha likhA / jisase bhaiyA jI kI kAvya kalA sAkAra huI evaM AgarA vizvavidyAlaya se unheM mAnada 'DAkTara' kI upAdhi bhI prApta huii| aba ukta zodha graMtha DaoN0 uSA jaina dvArA saMpAdita hokara prakAzita hai| jisameM 7 adhyAya haiM- jinameM bhaiyA jI kI bahuAyAmI sabhI kRtiyoM kI vizeSatAoM ko bhalI bhAMti vivecanA kara ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| isa zodha graMtha ko likhakara zrImatI DaoN0 jaina ne vAstava meM eka zramasAdhya mahatvapUrNa tathA abhinaMdanIya kArya kiyA hai- jisake liye unheM jitanA bhI dhanyavAda diyA jAye kama hai| DaoN. jaina ne apane graMtha ke prathama adhyAya meM kavivara bhaiyA jI kA jIvanavRtta likha kara unakA vistRta paricaya diyA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM deza meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanaitika evaM sAhityika paristhitiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM unakI sabhI kRtiyoM kA UhApoha pUrvaka vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM bhAva pakSa ke aMtargata zAMta rasa, bhakti, vIra, adbhutAdi rasoM kA vizleSaNa hai| paMcama meM kalA pakSa ke aMtargata alaMkAra chanda, bhASA evaM lokoktiyoM kA kRti meM yathAsthAna varNana hai / SaSTha adhyAya meM dArzanika vivecanA hai - jisameM sRSTi kartRvya, karma siddhAMta, guNasthAna, samyaktva, mithyAtvAdi viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| saptabhaMgI nyAya bhI isI meM sammilita hai| saptama adhyAya meM bhaiyAzrI ke kAvya kA mUlyAMkana karate hue usakA mahatva evaM upayogitA darzAyI gayI hai| isI saMdarbha meM brahmavilAsa graMtha kA pArAyaNa karate hue DaoN0 jaina ne prasaMgAnusAra aneka padyoM kA cayana karate hue apane zodha prabaMdha meM samAveza kiyA hai- jo bhaiyA jI kI pratibhA evaM bhAvAbhivyakti ko ujAgara karane ke lie Avazyaka thA / isase kavi kI adhyAtmarasikatA, pAMDitya, dIrghadarzitA, sahRdayatA, nirabhimAnatA evaM mahAnatA kA sahaja hI AbhAsa ho sakatA hai| graMtha meM kavi ne svayaM ko jisa padya dvArA paricita karAyA hai vaha vastutaH unakI vinamra vRtti darzAne hetu paryApta hai- ve likhate haiM "eho, buddhivaMta nara ha~so jina mohi koU bAla khyAla lIno tuma lIjiyo sudhAra ke / maiM na paDhyo piMgala na dekhyo chaMdakoza koU nAmamAlA nAma ko paDhyo nahIM vicAra ke / (ix)

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saMskRta prAkRta vyAkaraNahU na paDhyo kahU~ tAteM moko doSa nAhi zodhiyo nihAra ke| kahata bhagautIdAsa brahma ko layo vilAsa tAteM brahmaracanA karI hai vistAra ke|" isI prakAra mohI mAnavoM kI sAMsArika dazA kA citraNa karate hue ve kahate haiM "koU to kareM kilola bhAminI soM rIjhi-rIjhi vAhI soM saneha karai kAma rAga aMga meN| koU to lahaiM anaMda lakSa koTi-koTi jori lakSa-lakSa mAna kareM lacchi kI taraMga meN| koU mahAzUravIra koTika gumAna kreN| mo samAna dUsaro na dekho koU jaMga meN| kaheM kahA 'bhaiyA' kachu kahave kI bAta nAhi saba jaga dekhiyatu rAga rasa raMga meN|" phira apane iSTadeva kI bhakti rasa meM bhIge bhaiyA jI kA eka padya bhI dekhiye "kAhe ko deza dizAMtara dhAvata kAhe rijhAvata iNdnriNd| kAhe ko devi au deva manAvata kAhe ko zIza namAvata cNd| kAhe ko sUrana soM kara jorata kAhe nihorata mUr3ha muniNd| kAhe ko soca karai dina raina tU kAhe na sevata pArzva jinNd|" bhaiyA jI ne vizvavyApI ekAMtI matoM para bhI dhyAna diyA thaa| likhate haiM "eka matavAre kaheM- anya matavAre saba mere matavAre para vAre mata sAre haiN| eka paMca tatva vAre eka eka tatva vAre eka bhrama matavAre eka-eka nyAre haiN| jaise matavAre bakeM taise matavAre bake tAsoM matavAreM takeM binA mata vAre haiN| zAMta rakhavAre kahe mana ko nivAre raheM / teI prAna pyAre laheM aura saba vAre haiN|' saMsAra meM mohagrasta AtmA ko saMbodhana karate hue unakI cetAvanI suniye "raina same supano jiya dekhatu prAta samai saba jhUTha btaayaa| tyoM nadi nAva saMyoga milyo tuma cetahu cita meM cetana raayaa|"

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isa bhA~ti zrImatI DaoN. jaina kA yaha zodha graMtha sabhI dRSTiyoM se jJAnavardhaka hokara paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya bana par3A hai| isakI bhASA sarala evaM muhAvaredAra hone se mUla graMtha (brahmavilAsa) meM nihita gUr3ha viSayoM ko bhI AsAnI se samajhA jA sakatA hai| viSaya pratipAdana kI zailI rocaka aura tarkasaMgata hai| isa prakAra sabhI dRSTiyoM se DaoN. jaina kA prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai| AzA hai ve anyAnya graMthoM kA bhI isI prakAra AloDana kara apanI pratibhA dvArA samAja ko AdhyAtmika mArgadarzana karAtI rheNgii| -nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina 549, sudAmAnagara iMdaura (ma0 pra0) 30.10.1994 (xi)

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prAkkathana hindI bhakta kaviyoM kI kAvya-dhArA zatAbdiyoM taka uttarI bhArata kI bhUmi ko rasasiMcita karatI rahI hai| hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bhakta kaviyoM kI vargIkRta evaM vistRta zrRMkhalA upalabdha hai kintu kheda kA viSaya hai ki usameM jaina bhakta kaviyoM kA ullekha taka nahIM huA hai| hindI sAhitya ke vidvAna evaM mAnya itihAsakAroM ko hindI jaina sAhitya ke avalokana kA avasara hI nahIM milaa| isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki jaina sAhitya sarvasAdhAraNa ke liye sulabha nahIM thaa| Aja bhI sAhitya ke aneka amUlya ratna jaina zAstragAroM ke garbha meM chipe par3e haiN| isake atirikta hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa lekhaka sAmpradAyika kahakara jaina sAhitya kI upekSA karate rhe| sarvaprathama DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI kA dhyAna isa tathya kI ora gayA aura unhoMne ghoSita kiyA ki yadi jaina sAhitya sAmpradAyika kahakara hindI sAhitya kI sImAoM se niSkAsita kiyA jAtA hai to hindI ke rAmacaritamAnasa, padmAvata jaise aneka amUlya graMtha ratna bhI usakI sImAoM ke bhItara praveza na pA skeNge| vastutaH jaina sAhitya atyanta vizAla hai, usake samucita mUlyAMkana kI AvazyakatA abhI bhI zeSa hai| tatpazcAt avazya hI hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM kucha naye AyAma khuleMge, kucha navIna dhArAyeM judd'eNgii| prastuta zodha graMtha isI dizA meM eka vinamra prayAsa hai| mere pUjya pitA jI sva0 zrI ratanalAla jaina, jaina dharma aura darzana ke marmajJa vidvAna the, merI mAtA sva0 caMdravatI jaina bhI eka viduSI mahilA thiiN| ghara meM jaina paMDitoM tathA viddhat janoM kA prAyaH Agamana hotA thA, tathA jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM aura sAhitya kI prAyaH carcA hotI thii| aise dharmamaya vAtAvaraNa meM rahate hue jaina darzana aura sAhitya ke prati lagAva saMskAra rUpa meM AnA sahaja svAbhAvika thaa| jaina sAhitya ke ucca koTi ke vidvAna, zodhaka aura vizAla saMgrahakartA sva0 agaracanda nAhaTA tathA sva0 DaoN0 kastUra caMda kAsalIvAla jI ne eka mujhe kucha ajJAta hindI jaina kaviyoM ko lekhana dvArA prakAza meM lAne kI preraNA pradAna kii| auraMgajebakAlIna jaina bhakta kavi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke samasta graMthoM ke saMgraha (xii)

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'brahmavilAsa' kI hastalikhita prati, jo mere prapitAmaha lAlA bhUpa siMha jI ne svapaThanArtha taiyAra karAI thI, sthAnIya jaina maMdira ke zAstrAgAra meM upalabdha thii| taba taka isa graMtha ke prati merI zraddhA anya jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI bhA~ti hAtha jor3akara mastaka jhukA lene taka hI sImita thI, kintu isake pazcAt isa graMtha ke sAhityika sauMdarya evaM dArzanika mahatva kA avalokana kiyA tathA use hindI saMsAra ke sammukha prastuta karane kA nizcaya kiyA / maiMne DaoN0 rAmasvarUpa Arya (tatkAlIna hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa, vardhamAna kAleja, bijanaura) ke kuzala nirdezana meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aura unake kRtitva para AgarA vizvavidyAlaya se san 1976 meM zodha kArya sampanna kiyaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kRta aneka racanAe~ jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko kaMThastha haiM, unakA nityaprati pATha kiyA jAtA hai kintu unake nAma tathA mahatva se sAmAnyatA ve aparicita, hI haiM, hindI sAhitya saMsAra kI to bAta hI kyA hai? abhI taka isa dizA meM koI bhI vizeSa kArya nahIM huA hai| unake sambandha meM upalabdha jAnakArI ke nAma para hindI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa tathA jaina bhakta kaviyoM kI paramparA meM unakA ati saMkSipta paricaya evaM patra patrikAoM meM prakAzita kucha lekha mAtra hI prApta haiN| prastuta graMtha kA prakAzana isI abhAva kI pUrti karane kA eka vinamra prayAsa hai| isa graMtha meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke jIvana evaM kRtitva ke sambandha meM yathAsambhava vistRta evaM gambhIra sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai| yaha 'bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aura unakA sAhitya' kA dUsarA saMskaraNa hai| prathama saMskaraNa mittala pablikezansa, naI dillI se prakAzita huA thaa| prastuta zodha-graMtha sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai tathA anta meM pariziSTa bhAga hai| prathama adhyAya meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA jIvanavRtta prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa meM antarsAkSya tathA bahirsAkSya ke AdhAra para yathA sambhava upalabdha sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai tathA jaina sAhitya meM bhagavatIdAsa nAma ke aneka vidvAnoM kA astitva hone ke kAraNa vyApta bhrAntiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI samakAlIna paristhitiyoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha adhyAya cAra upavibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, dhArmika tathA sAhityika / kavi kA sAhitya tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM se kisa sImA taka prabhAvita huA hai yahI isa adhyAya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI samasta kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| yaha adhyAya sAta upavibhAgoM meM meM vibhakta haiM- rUpaka kAvya, darzana (xiii)

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pradhAna racanAe~, stuti aura jayamAlA sAhitya, upedazAtmaka sAhitya, citrakAvya, jyotiSa ke chaMda, tathA kaavyaanuvaad| ina upavibhAgoM ke antargata unakI samasta kRtiyoM ko vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai tathA unakI savistAra carcA kI gayI hai| caturtha adhyAya meM rasa nirUpaNa kA saMkSipta vivecana karane ke pazcAt bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ke kAvya ke bhAva-pakSa kA avalokana kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM bhakti kI sambhAvanA dikhAkara, unake kAvya meM bhakti kA svarUpa- dAsya bhakti, dAmpatya bhakti evaM zAntibhakti athavA zAnta rasa upavibhAgoM ke antargata prakaTa kiyA gayA hai tathA unake kAvya meM zAnta rasa kA rasa-rAjatva dikhAyA gayA paMcama adhyAya meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ke kAvya ke kalA-pakSa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya ko pA~ca upavibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA haialaMkAra yojanA, chaMda yojanA, bhASA, muhAvare aura lokoktiyAM tathA camatkArika shailiyaaN| SaSTha adhyAya meM jaina dharma ke vibhinna siddhAntoM kA dArzanika vivecana prastuta karake usake pariprekSya meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ke kAvya kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| yaha adhyAya ATha upavibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- sRSTi kartRtva vicAra, lokaracanA, Izvaratva mImAMsA, guNa sthAna, karma siddhAnta, saptabhaMgI, samyaktva aura mithyAtva tathA upAdAna-nimitta vicaar| __saptama adhyAya meM bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya kA sAMgopAMga avalokana karane ke pazcAt usakA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai tathA dhArmika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika evaM sAhityika kSetra meM usake pradeya kA mahatva aMkita kiyA gayA hai| graMtha ke aMta meM pariziSTa bhAga hai| isameM graMtha meM vyavahRta jainadharma kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI tathA saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI dI gaI hai| prastuta graMtha taiyAra karane meM jina vidvAnoM ke graMthoM se maiMne upayogI sAmagrI prApta kI hai tathA ve kisI bhI rUpa meM sahayogI bane hai una sabake prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA maiM apanA punIta karttavya samajhatI huuN| ina graMthoM kA ullekha pariziSTa ke antargata saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI meM kiyA gayA hai| inameM se sva0 DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ke prati maiM vizeSa AbhArI hU~ jinakI pustaka 'hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi' tathA 'jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi' se mujhe vizeSa sahAyatA prApta huI hai| DaoN0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA, DaoN0 kundanalAla jaina tathA DaoN0 ramezacandra jaina, (xiv)

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adhyakSa saMskRta vibhAga, vardhamAna kAleja bijanaura ke graMthoM tathA satparAmarza se bhI mujhe bahuta sahAyatA milI hai| dharmapurA dehalI nivAsI vayovaddha sajjana zrI pannAlAla jI agravAla ke prati maiM kRtajJa hU~ jinhoMne binA kisI pUrva paricaya ke dillI ke jaina zAstrAgAroM se hastalikhita graMthoM kI sUciyA~ tathA pratiyA~ upalabdha karAne meM merI sahAyatA kii| maiM paM0 paramAnanda jI zAstrI tathA paM0 bAlacandra jI zAstrI ke prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatI hU~ jinhoMne vIra sevA mandira, dehalI se upayogI sAmagrI prApta karane kI pUrNa suvidhA mujhe pradAna kI tathA samaya-samaya para merI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kiyaa| una sabhI zubhAkAMkSI baMdhuoM ke prati maiM AbhArI hU~ jo kisI na kisI rUpa meM isa kArya meM sahAyaka bane haiN| merI beTI manISA, rucikA, putra mayaMka evaM pati zrI brajavIra prasAda jaina (aba svargIya) ne mujhe isa mahatI sAdhanA ko pUrNa karane meM pUrA sahayoga diyaa| hindI sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAna DaoN0 rAmasvarUpa Arya ne aMtardarzana tathA jaina sAhitya ke labdha pratiSTha jJAtA evaM manISI DaoN. kastUra canda kAsalIvAla ne prastuta graMtha kI bhUmikA likhane kI jo kRpA kI hai, usake liye maiM unake prati zraddhAvanata huuN| prathama saMskaraNa ko dekha kara jaina dharma ke parama vidvAna paM0 nAthUrAma DoMgarIya jaina ne apanI jo sammati bhejI thI use bhI isa saMskaraNa meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai, unake prati bhI maiM bahuta AbhArI huuN| isa graMtha ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ko prakAzita karane kA uttaradAyitva akhila bhAratIya sAhitya kalA maMca ke saMsthApaka adhyakSa DaoN. maheza "divAkara' adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga gulAba siMha hindU DigrI kaoNleja, cA~dapura ne svayaM lekara mujhe anugrahIta kiyA hai| -uSA jaina

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i-v vi- vii viji-xi xii-xv 1-16 17-34 35-100 3. viSaya sUcI bhUmikA aMtardarzana abhimata prAkkathana jIvanavRtta jIvana pricy| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa sambaMdhI bhrAMtiyoM kA niraakrnn| kaal-nirnny| nAma tathA upnaam| janma sthAna, janazruti tathA kavi kA apane yuga ke prati dRssttikonn| jina dharma meM aasthaa| prernnaasrot| vinyshiiltaa| bhujnytaa| tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ raajnaitik| saamaajik| dhaarmik| saahityik| kRtiyoM kA paricaya rUpaka kAvya (1) zata aSTottarI. (2) cetana-karma-caritra. (3) guru ziSya praznottarI, (4) madhu-binduka caupAI, (5) nATaka pacIsI, (6) upAdAna-nimitta saMvAda, (7) paMcendriya saMvAda, (8) manabattIsI, (9) svapna battIsI, (10) suA bttiisii| darzana pradhAna racanAe~ (1) guNa maMjarI, (2) lokAkAza kSetra parimANa kathana, (3) ekAdaza guNasthAna-paryanta paMtha varNana, (4) bAraha bhavanA, (5) karmabaMdha ke daza bheda, (6) saptabhaMgI vANI, (7) caudaha guNasthAnavartI jIva saMkhyA varNana (zivapaMtha pacIsikA), (8) pandraha pAtra kI caupAI, (9) brahmAbrahma nirNaya caturdazI, (10) aSTakarma kI caupAI, (11) rAgAdi nirNayASTaka, (12) bAIsa parIsahana ke kavitta, (13) muni ke chayAlisa doSa varjita AhAra vidhi, (14) anAdi battIsikA, (15) samuddhAta svarUpa, (16) samyaktvapacIsikA, (17) paramAtma chattIsI, (18) Izvara nirNaya pacIsI, (19) kartA akartA pciisii| stuti aura jayamAlA sAhitya- (1) zrI jina pUjASTaka (2) caturviMzati jina stuti (3) videha kSetrastha vartamAna jinaviMzatikA, (4) paramAtmA kI jayamAlA, (5) tIrthakara jayamAlA, (6) zrI munirAja jayamAlA, (7) ahikSiti pArzvanAtha jina-stuti,

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(8) jinaguNamAlA, (9) paMcaparameSThi namaskAra, (10) nirvANa kAMDa bhASA, (11) nandIzvara dvIpa kI jayamAlA, (12) akRtrima caityAlaya kI jayamAlA, (13) catuviMzati tIrthakara jayamAlA, (14) jinadharma pacIsikA, upadezAtmaka sAhitya- (1) puNyapacIsikA, (2)akSara battIsikA, (3) phuTakara kavitA, (4) zikSA chaMda, (5) paramArtha pada paMkti, (6) mithyAtva vidhvaMsana caturdazI, (7) siddha caturdazI, (8) kAlASTaka, (9) upadeza pacIsikA, (10) subuddhi caubIsI, (11) anitya pacIsikA, (12) supaMtha kupaMtha pacIsikA, (13) moha bhramASTaka, (14) Azcarya caturdazI, (15) puNya pApa jagamUla pacIsI, (16) mUDhASTaka, (17) vairAgya pacIsikA , (18) dRSTAMta pacIsI, (19) padarAga prabhAtI, (20) phuTakara viSaya, (21) paramAtma zatakA citrkaavy| jyotiSa ke chNd| kaavyaanuvaad| bhAva pakSa __101-20 rasa-nirUpaNa--sthAyI bhAva, vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArI bhaav| jaina hindI kAvya meM zAnta rasa kA rasa raajtv| bhakti rasa kI udbhaavnaa| jaina dharma meM bhakti kI smbhaavnaa| bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa ke kAvya meM bhakti kA svarUpa--dAsya bhakti, dAmpatya bhakti, zAnta rasa, athavA zAntA bhkti| vIra rs| adbhuta rs| kalA-pakSa 121-144 alNkaar-yojnaa| chaMda yojnaa| bhaassaa| muhavare aura lokoktiyA~ camatkArika shailiyaaN| dArzanika-vivecana 145-202 sRSTi-kRrtRtva vicaar| lokrcnaa| Izvaratva miimaaNsaa| gunnsthaan| krmsiddhaant| sptbhNgii| samyaktva aura mithyaatv| upAdAna-nimitta vicaar| mUlyAMkana evaM pradeya 203-210 dhaarmik| saamaajik| saaNskRtik| sAhityika pariziSTa- graMtha meM vyavahRta jaina dharma kI pAribhASika shbdaavlii| 211-216 sandarbha-graMtha sUcI 219-226

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adhyAya - 1 jIvanavRtta prAcIna kaviyoM se sambandhita paryApta tathA nizcita sAmagrI ke abhAva meM aneka bhrAntiyA~ pracalita ho jAtI haiN| adhikatara hindI kavi vipula sAhitya kI racanA karate hue bhI apane saMbaMdha meM prAyaH mauna hI rahe haiN| isako hama unakI 'svAntaH sukhAya' kAvya racanA kI pravRtti kA pariNAma kaheM athavA svayaM ko bhautika yaza evaM prasiddhi se dUra rakhane kI icchA kA nidarzana, kintu isase hama unake jIvana sambandhI aneka tathyoM se anabhijJa hI raha jAte haiN| unheM isa bAta kA kyA patA thA ki aneka zatAbdiyoM ke pazcAt anusadhitsu unake jIvana vRtta ke sambandha meM bhI utanI hI jijJAsA rakheMge jitanI unake sAhitya ke sambandha meM ruci rakhate haiN| unase sambandhita tathya atIta ke aMtarAla meM lupta ho gaye haiN| bahuta prayAsa karane para kabhI-kabhI koI tathya dRSTigata ho jAtA hai jisase unake sambandha meM kucha jJAta ho pAtA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne prAyaH apanI kRtiyoM ke anta meM apanA nAma racanA-kAla, aura kabhI-kabhI apane vaMza kA paricaya tathA tatkAlIna zAsaka kA saMketa de diyA hai jisase unake kAla-nirdhAraNa meM tathA kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM nizcita jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai kintu apane vyaktigata jIvana ke sambandha meM ve bhI prAyaH mauna hI rahe haiM, jisase unake sambandha meM bahuta prayAsa karane para bhI kucha vizeSa jJAta nahIM ho paataa| kisI bhI sAdhana ke abhAva meM zodhakartA ko vivaza hokara tatsambandhI jJAna se vaMcita hI raha jAnA par3atA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI graMtha brahmavilAsa ke anta meM apanA saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai jisake AdhAra para hama unake jIvana-vRta kI rUparekhA prastuta kara sakate haiN| jIvana-paricaya bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa AgarA ke nivAsI the| usa samaya bhAratavarSa meM mugala zAsaka auraMgajeba kA zAsana thaa| unakA janma osavAla kula meM huA thaa| unakA gotra kaTAriyA thA, unake pitAmaha kA nAma dazaratha sAhu thA jo AgarA ke prasiddha vyApAriyoM meM se eka the, lakSmI kI una para apAra kRpA thI, unake (1)

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putra lAla jI arthAt bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke pitA dhArmika pravRtti ke eka sajjana vyakti the ataH dhana, vaibhava evaM adhyAtma ke prati ruci unheM paitRka sampatti ke rUpa meM prApta huI thii| unhoMne apanI racanAoM kA saMgraha samvat satraha sau pacapana meM vaizAkha mAsa kI zukla pakSa tRtIyA, ravivAra ke dina brahmavilAsa ke nAma se kiyaa| isa graMtha meM unakI 67 kRtiyAM saMgRhita haiN| unhoMne adhikatara kRtiyoM ke aMta meM unake racanAkAla kA saMketa diyA hai jisase jJAta hotA ki unakI kRtiyoM kI racanA saMvat 1731 vi0 se saM0 1755 vi0 taka ke madhya meM kI gaI thii| 'bhaiyA' unakA upanAma thaa| kevala ye hI ve tathya haiM jo kavi ne apane graMtha ke anta meM prastuta kiye haiN| ye atyalpa hote hue bhI atyaMta mahatvapUrNa haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa sambandhI bhrAntiyoM kA nirAkaraNa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA racanA-kAla nizcita hone para bhI unake sambandha meM kucha bhrAntipUrNa sthiti bahuta samaya taka banI rahI aura kucha sImA taka aba bhI banI huI hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa hai ki hindI jaina sAhitya meM bhagavatIdAsa nAma ke aneka vidvAna hue haiN| paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ke eka lekha ke anusAra bhagavatIdAsa nAma ke cAra vidvAna jaina sAhitya meM hue haiN| prathama 'bhagavatIdAsa' pAMDe jinadAsa ke guru the, dUsare bhagavatIdAsa prasiddha jaina kavi banArasIdAsa ke mitragaNa paMca mahApuruSoM meM se eka the jinakI preraNA para unhoMne nATaka samayasAra kI racanA kI thI, tIsare bhagavatIdAsa bhaTTAraka mahendrasena ke ziSya the aura paMDita bhagavatIdAsa ke nAma se vikhyAta the, inakA janma ambAlA jile ke bUr3hiyA grAma meM huA thA aura cauthe bhagavatIdAsa brahmavilAsa ke racayitA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa the| isI AdhAra para DaoN0 prema sAgara jaina ne bhI bhagavatIdAsa nAma ke cAra vidvAnoM kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| inameM se cauthe bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko inhoMne zrI nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra, paM0 hIrAnanda ke paMcAstikAya (saM0 1711 meM racita) meM ullikhita bhagavatI dAsa hI mAnA hai| paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ke uparyukta lekha se pUrva eka aura lekha prakAzita huA, jisameM unhoMne 'brahmavilAsa' ke racayitA bhagavatIdAsa ko hI kavivara banArasIdAsa (saMvat 1643-1700) ke sAthI bhagavatIdAsa batAyA thaa| kintu kAlAntara meM unheM apanI bhrAnti kA jJAna huA tatpazcAt unhoMne bhagavatIdAsa nAmaka uparyukta cAra bhinna-bhinna vidvAnoM kI kalpanA kii| muni zrI kAnti sAgara jI ne bhI inhIM caturtha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko kavivara banArasIdAsa ke pA~ca mitroM meM tIsarA sthAna (tRtIya bhagautidAsa nara) diyA hai tathA unakA racanAkAla samvat (2)

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1687-1755 taka svIkAra kiyA hai evaM samvat 1711 meM paM0 hIrAnanda kRta paMcAstikAya meM ullikhita bhagautIdAsa bhI inhIM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko mAnA hai| isa prakAra hamAre sammukha aneka prazna ubhara kara Ate haiN| kyA kavivara banArasIdAsa (jIvanakAla saM0 1643-1700) ke mitra bhagautidAsa tathA brahmavilAsa (saMgraha kAla saM0 1755) ke racayitA eka hI vyakti ho sakate haiM? jinako paMDita paramAnanda jI ne pahale (anekAnta pharavarI mArca 1942) eka hI vyakti svIkAra kiyA kintu kucha samaya pazcAt hI (anekAnta disambara janavarI san 1944-45) bhagavatIdAsa nAma ke cAra vidvAnoM kA anumAna kara ke kramazaH dvitIya tathA caturtha mAnA, usI ke AdhAra para DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne apane graMtha 'hindI jaina bhakti kAvya ora kavi' meM dvitIya evaM caturtha bhagavatIdAsa ko kramazaH yaha sthAna diyaa| muni zrI kAntisAgara jI kA dRSTikoNa nizcita rUpa se bhrAntipUrNa hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa kA jIvana kAla saM0 1643 se 1700 taka hai| aura bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI brahmavilAsa meM saMgRhIta kRtiyoM kA racanAkAla saMvat 1731 se 1755 taka hai| muni zrI ne bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA racanAkAla saM0 1687 se 1755 taka mAnA hai| eka hI lekhaka kA racanAkAla sAmAnyatayA 68 varSa jaisA vistRta yuga nahIM ho sktaa| phira bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI samvat 1731 se pUrva kI koI racanA bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kA janma samvat ajJAta hai, aura samprati use jAnane kA koI sAdhana bhI nahIM hai, phira bhI hama yadi unakA janma kavivara banArasIdAsa ke jIvana kAla meM hI mAna leM to bhI donoM kI Ayu meM praur3ha evaM kizora avasthA kA antara rahA hogA jinake madhya mitratA jaisA samavayaskatA kA sambandha nahIM ho sakatA ata: kavivara banArasIdAsa ke samakAlIna bhagavatIdAsa aura brahmavilAsa ke racayitA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa nizcita rUpa se bhinna-bhinna vyakti rahe haiN| dUsarA prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kavivara banArasIdAsa ke mitra bhagavatIdAsa tathA kavivara paM0 bhagavatIdAsa ko jinheM paM0 paramAnanda jI tathA DaoN premasAgara jaina ne kramazaH dUsare tathA tIsare bhagavatIdAsa mAnA hai, pRthaka-pRthaka vyakti mAnanA kahA~ taka ucita hai, jabaki yaha tathya kisI bhI Thosa pramANa para AdhArita nahIM hai| DaoN0 jaina ke anusAra (tIsare) paM0 bhagavatIdAsa bhaTTAraka mahendra saina ke ziSya the, unakA janmasthala ambAlA jile kA bUr3hiyA grAma thaa| unakI kRtiyoM kA racanA kAla samvat 1680 se 1700 taka hai| unakI 'mugatI (3)

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ramaNI cUnar3I' kI racanA vi0 1680 meM tathA mRgAMka lekhAcarita kI racanA saMvat 1700 meM huI thii| yahI samaya kavivara banArasIdAsa kA thA phira dUsare kavi bhagavatIdAsa kI, jinakI kavi banArasIdAsa ke mitra ke rUpa meM kalpanA kI gaI hai, koI kRti upalabdha nahIM hai, na hI unake sambandha meM anya koI tathya jJAta hai| ataH yahI ucita pratIta hotA hai ki paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI dvArA kalpita dUsare aura tIsare bhagavatIdAsa eka hI vyakti the| sambhavataH kavivara banArasIdAsa tathA paM0 bhagavatIdAsa kA nivAsa-sthAna bhinna hone ke kAraNa banArasIdAsa ke mitra bhagavatIdAsa tathA paM0 bhagavatIdAsa ke bhinna hone kI dhAraNA bana gaI hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa AgarA nivAsI the tathA paM0 bhagavatIdAsa kA janma to ambAlA jile meM huA thA kintu unakI racanAeM vibhinna sthAnoM, AgarA, hisAra Adi meM racI gaI haiM jisase pratIta hotA hai ki AgarA bhI unakA nivAsa sthAna avazya rahA hai| jahA~ taka janma-sthAna kA prazna hai kavivara banArasIdAsa kA janma jaunapura meM huA thA, kintu unakA nivAsa sthAna AgarA rhaa| ataH kavivara paM0 bhagavatIdAsa hI kavivara banArasIdAsa ke mitra paMca mahApuruSoM meM pratIta hote haiM koI anya (dUsare) bhagavatIdAsa nhiiN| zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina, zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, zrI nAthUrAma premI tathA DaoN0 bAsudeva siMha ne paM0 bhagavatIdAsa ko kavi banArasIdAsa kA mitra svIkAra kiyA hai| aba tIsarA prazna yaha uThatA hai ki paM0 hIrAnanda praNIta paMcAstikAya ( racanAkAla saM0 1711) meM jina bhagavatIdAsa kA jJAtA ke rUpa meM ullekha hai, kyA ve bhagavatIdAsa vAstava meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa the? zrI nAthUrAma premI, muni zrI kAntisAgara jI tathA DaoN0 premasAgara jaina, tInoM vidvAnoM ne eka svara se inheM brahmavilAsa ke racayitA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa hI mAnA hai, jisakI satyatA meM mujhe sandeha hai| paM0 hIrAnanda jI kI racanAeM samvat 1701 se 1711 taka kI hI upalabdha haiM jabaki bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kA racanA kAla saM0 1731 se 1755 taka hai| paM0 hIrAnanda jI ne 'paMcAstikAya' meM graMthakartA ke rUpa meM apanA paricaya dete hue apanI vidvatmaMDalI ke jina pramukha mitra jagajIvana kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai, jinakI preraNA se hI unhoMne 'paMcAstikAya' kI racanA kI jo kavivara banArasIdAsa ke paramamitra the tathA jinhoMne unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt unakI bikharI huI racanAoM kA saMgraha banArasI vilAsa ke nAma se saM0 1701 meM kiyA thA unakA racanA kAla 18 vIM zatI kA Arambhika samaya thA / yahI (4)

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samaya paMcAstikAya kA hai| paMcAstikAya meM hI paM0 hIrAnanda ne eka anya vidvAna mitra paM0 hemarAja kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| pAMDe hemarAja kA sAhitya racanA kAla bhI DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ke anusAra saM0 1703 se 1730 taka hai| isa prakAra paM0 hIrAnanda, paM0 jagajIvana, aura pAMDe hemarAja to samakAlIna the kintu bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke racanA kAla (saM0 1731-55) se unakA kAlagata vaiSamya hai| yadyapi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA janma 18 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM nizcita rUpa se ho gayA hogA kintu yaha sambhava pratIta nahIM hotA ki saM0 1711 meM jaba paMcAstikAya praNIta huA taba unakI kIrti 'jJAtA' ke rUpa meM vistAra pA cukI hogii| kisI bhI kavi athavA lekhaka ko prasiddhi taba hI prApta hotI hai jaba vaha paryApta ucca koTi ke sAhitya kA sRjana kara cukA ho, kintu bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA sAhitya sRjana kAla saM0 1731 se Arambha hotA hai| yadi paMcAstikAya meM varNita 'bhagautIdAsa' ko hama bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa hI mAneM to kyA yaha sambhava ho sakatA hai ki jaba unake mitravara paM0 hIrAnanda, paM0 jagajIvana tathA pAMDe hemarAja sAhitya sRjana kara rahe the, usa samaya ve (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa) kucha bhI racanAtmaka kArya na kara rahe hoMge aura unhoMne apane mitroM ke lagabhaga tIsa varSa pazcAt sAhitya sRjana kA kArya Arambha kiyA hogA? DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ke anusAra jo tIsare paM0 bhagavatIdAsa haiM unakA sAhitya sRjana kAla saM0 1680 se 1700 taka hai| unakA mRgAMka lekhAcarita saM0 1700 meM racita hai| isa samaya taka unakI khyAti 'jJAtA' ke rUpa meM phaila cukI hogii| vidvAnoM ke dvArA paMcAstikAya meM ullikhita 'bhagautIdAsa' ko kavivara paM0 bhagavatIdAsa na mAnakara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa mAnane kI bhrAnti kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki paM0 bhagavatIdAsa kA janmasthAna AgarA nahIM thA aura paM0 hIrAnanda tathA unake mitragaNa AgarA nivAsI the tathA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI AgarA nivAsI the| kintu jaisA ki pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki paM0 bhagavatIdAsa kA janmasthAna avazya hI ambAlA jile meM thA kintu unakI racanAeM dillI AgarA Adi vibhinna sthAnoM para nirmita huI hai| ataH unakA nivAsa sthAna AgarA bhI rahA hai| isa prakAra paM0 hIrAnanda praNIta paMcAstikAya meM varNita jJAtA bhagautIdAsa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa na hokara paM0 bhagavatIdAsa hone kI hI sambhAvanA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki kavivara banArasIdAsa ke mitragaNa paMca mahApuruSoM meM varNita bhagautIdAsa tathA (5)

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paM0 hIrAnanda dvArA ullikhita jJAtA bhagautIdAsa donoM eka hI vyakti haiM aura ve bhI brahmavilAsa ke racayitA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa na hokara paM0 bhagavatIdAsa haiN| DaoN0 bAsudeva siMha ne bhI paM0 hIrAnanda praNIta paMcAstikAya meM varNita 'bhagautIdAsa' ko paM0 bhagavatIdAsa hI mAnA hai| kAla-nirNaya bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke jIvana ke sambandha meM anya koI tathya prakAza meM nahIM A sake haiM, na antarsAkSya ke AdhAra para aura na hI bahirsAkSya ke AdhAra para unakA janma athavA mRtyu saMvat jJAta ho skaa| hama kevala anumAna lagA sakate haiM ki saMvat 1731 meM jaba unhoMne kAvya sRjana prArambha kiyA taba unakI Ayu lagabhaga paccIsa varSa to rahI hogI, ataH unakA janma aTThAravIM zatAbdI ke prathama dazaka meM anumAnita hai| samvat 1755 meM unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM kA saMgraha brahmavilAsa ke nAma se kiyA, isake atirikta unakI anya koI kRti upalabdha nahIM huii| ataH hamArA anumAna hai ki samvat 1755 ke pazcAt ve adhika samaya taka jIvita nahIM rahe hoNge| saMvat 1760 ke lagabhaga unakI mRtyu ho gaI hogii| mitra kavivara banArasIdAsa ne apane mitra-pAMca mahApuruSoM ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai jinameM se eka nAma bhagavatIdAsa bhI hai, paM0 hIrAnanda ne apane paMcAstikAya meM apane sAthI vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA jinameM se eka bhagavatIdAsa bhI rahe, kintu bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne apanI samasta racanAoM meM kahIM bhI isa prakAra kA saMketa nahIM kiyA, karate bhI kaise? ye saba unake sAthI mitra the hI nhiiN| inake tathA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAlagata vaiSamya para vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai| unakI racanAoM meM eka nAma AtA hai mAna siMha kA, jisako brahmavilAsa ke prakAzaka ne unakA parama mitra mAnA hai aura sambhavataH isI AdhAra para DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne bhI mAnasiMha ko bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA mitra svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne dravya saMgraha ke anuvAda ko bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke mitra mAnasiMha kI racanA mAnA hai, kintu kavivara 'bhaiyA' jI ke anusAra prastuta anuvAda donoM mitroM kA sammilita prayAsa pratIta hotA hai| ataH isa bAta kA saMketa milatA hai ki mAnasiMha tathA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa donoM ke madhya avazya hI mitratA kA bhAva rahA hogaa| sammilita rUpa se kisI kRti kI racanA karane kA artha hI nikaTa samparka kA dyotaka hai| isake atirikta mAnasiMha kA nAma bhaiyA

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bhagavatIdAsa kI racanAoM meM eka anya sthAna para bhI AtA hai, vaha hai paramArtha pada paMkti ke aSTama pada kI antima paMkti jo isa prakAra hai " mAnasiMha mahimA nija pragaTe, bahura na bhava meM AU / / " ataH nirvivAda rUpa se bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke parama mitra the / - nAma tathA upanAma " 'bhaiyA' bhagavatIdAsa jI kA upanAma thA jisakA unhoMne 'granthakartA paricaya' meM saMketa bhI kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavivara apane 'bhaiyA' upanAma se hI adhika prasiddha the| unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM prAyaH upanAma 'bhaiyA' kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| aneka sthaloM para 'bhavika' zabda kA prayoga bhI upanAma ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| yahAM kavi ko eka lAbha aura prApta ho gayA hai| 'bhavya' jaina dharma kA pAribhASika zabda hai jisakA artha hai aise jIva jinameM mokSapada prApti kI sAmarthya hai| kavi ne isa artha meM bhavi tathA bhavika donoM zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA haiN| kucha sthAnoM para kavi ne racanAoM ke anta meM apane pUre nAma 'bhagavatIdAsa' athavA usake vikRta rUpa 'bhagautIdAsa' kA prayoga kiyA hai| kucha sthAnoM para nAma ke sthAna para 'dAsa bhagavaMta' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jisase Izvara ke prati kavi kI vinayazIlatA kA paricaya milatA hai| janma-sthAna mAnasiMha kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA janma sthAna AgarA thA jisakA ullekha kavi ne svayaM kiyA hai| unhoMne AgarA kA nAma prAyaH ugrasenapura likhA hai| kavi ne kucha kRtiyoM ke anta meM racanAsthAna ke rUpa meM AgarA nagara kA varNana bhI kiyA hai jisase unake apane janma sthAna ke prati vizeSa prema, Adara bhAva evaM garvAnubhUti kI jhalaka milatI hai| AgarA tatkAlIna yuga meM jaina sAhitya evaM saMskRti kA gar3ha rahA hai| DaoN0 nemicanda zAstrI ne AgarA ke isa mahatva kA ucita mUlyAMkana kiyA hai " AgarA kI isa bhUmi ne lagabhaga do sau varSoM taka akabara aura auraMgajeba ke sAmrAjyakAla meM jaina hindI sAhitya kA netRtva kiyA hai| yadi hama AgarA kI sAhitya sevA ko hindI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa se pRthaka kara deM to usakA mUlya zUnya ho jaaye| 10 hindI ke hI anekAneka jaina sAhityakAroM ne apanI vidvatA evaM bhakti bhAvanA se otaprota vANI se AgarA kI puNya bhUmi ko guMjAyamAna kiyA hai| jinameM paMDita rUpacaMda, kavivara banArasIdAsa, paM0 jagajIvana, dharmadAsa, kuMvarapAla, paM0 hIrAnanda, Adi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa se pUrva tathA dyAnatarAya evaM bhUdharadAsa unake pazcAt hue haiN| bhaiyA (1)

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bhagavatIdAsa ne aneka sthAnoM para isa tathya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai ki AgarA nagara jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA pramukha sthAna hai, tathA jina dharmI vidvAna puNyavAn tathA aneka guNiyoM kA bhaMDAra haiN|11 jahA~ nitya prati dharma, adhyAtma tathA zAstracarcA hotI ho vahAM kI puNya-dhArA to svataH hI vidvAnoM ko janma degii| eka sthAna para to kavi ne atizaya bhakti-bhAva se AgarA ko dharatI kI zobhA-rUpa mukuTa ke samAna hI kaha diyA hai - "ugrasenapura avani peM, zobhata mukuTa smaan| tiha thAnaka racanA kahI, samujha lehu gunnvaan||"12 janazruti tathA kavi kA apane yuga ke prati dRSTikoNa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke sambandha meM eka kiMvadantI pracalita hai jo brahmavilAsa meM saMgRhIta eka pada para AdhArita haivaha pada isa prakAra hai - "bar3I nIta laghu nIta karata hai bAya sarata badaboya bhrii| phor3A bahuta phunagaNI maMDita, sakala deha manu roga drii|| zoNita hADa mAMsa maya mUrata, tApara rIjhata dharI dhrii| aisI nAri nirakhi kara kezava? 'rasika priyA' tuma kahA krii|"13 prakAzita graMtha brahmavilAsa meM isa pada para eka pAda-TippaNI dI gaI hai "daMta kathA meM prasiddha hai ki kezavadAsa jI kavi jo kisI strI para mohita the, unhoMne usake prasannArtha 'rasika priyA' graMtha banAyA, vaha graMtha samAlocanArtha 'bhaiyA' bhagavatIdAsa jI ke pAsa bhejA to unhoneM usakI samAlocanA meM yaha kavitta rasika priyA ke pRSTha para likhakara bheja diyA thaa|" isI TippaNI ke AdhAra para zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina ne bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko kezavadAsa kA samakAlIna mAna liyA thaa| kintu bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aura kezavadAsa samakAlIna ho hI nahIM skte| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke anusAra kezavadAsa kA janma saM0 1612 meM aura mRtyu saM0 1674 ke Asa pAsa huI thii| rasika priyA kI racanA saM0 1648 meM huii| aura bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA sAhitya racanA kAla saM0 1731 se Arambha hotA hai aura saM0 1755 meM samApta hotA hai| kezavadAsa jI kI mRtyu saM0 1674 meM ho gaI, usase pUrva yadi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA janma mAna bhI leM to jisa samaya kezavadAsa jI vRddha avasthA meM hoMge usa samaya bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI eka zizu mAtra rahe hoNge| isa prakAra kisI prakAra bhI kavi kezavadAsa tathA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke samaya kA paraspara mela nahIM baitthtaa| (8) nai

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sambhAvanA isa bAta kI hai ki jaba rasikapriyA kavivara bhaiyA jI kI dRSTi meM AI hogI aura unhoMne use par3hA hogA tabhI usake sambandha meM apanI uparyukta sammati dI hogii| uparyukta kiMvadantI meM satya kA aMza bhale hI na ho kintu isase zRMgArika kAvya ke prati kavi kA dRSTikoNa avazya hI prakaTa hotA hai| nArI ke nakha zikha varNana ko AdhAra banAkara racI gaI rasika priyA ko par3hakara kavi kI pratikriyA kA spaSTa AbhAsa eka hI paMkti se mila jAtA hai- kezavadAsa ! rasika priyA tuma kahA karI! kitanA kSobha, kitanI vitRSNA bharI hai isa vAkya meM, jaise kaha rahe hoM ki kezava ! yaha kyA kiyA tumane? kyA nArI deha kI yahI sArthakatA hai? vastutaH isa dRSTi se jaina kavi apane yuga se aprabhAvita hI rahe / jisa samaya mugala zAsakoM kI vilAsitA kA prazraya pAkara janamAnasa bhI caMcala ho rahA thA, kAvya ke kSetra meM kaviyoM kI dRSTi kAminI ke kaTi, keza aura kaTAkSoM meM hI ulajhakara raha gaI thI, usa samaya bhI ye jaina sAdhaka adhyAtma aura bhakti kI kaThina sAdhanA kara rahe the| eka ora kavi deva " jogahU taiM kaThina saMjoga para nArI kau" kI ghoSaNA kara rahe the to dUsarI ora jaina kavi ziva-vadhU ko varaNa karane kI yuktiyA~ soca vicAra rahe the| 14 vilAsitA, zRMgArikatA tathA azlIlatA ke usa bhayaMkara pravAha meM bhI jaina sAdhaka aDiga rUpa se adhyAtma kI sAdhanA karate rahe, yaha vAstava meM mahatva kI bAta hai / jinadharma meM gahana AsthA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI jinadharma meM gahana evaM ananya bhakti thI / vastutaH jaina dharma meM guNoM kI pUjA hotI hai vyakti kI nhiiN| 'jina' vahI kahalAte haiM jinhoMne apane karmarUpI zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai| jinendra bhagavAna vahI haiM, jinhoMne apanI indriyoM ko jIta liyA hai ( jita - indriya) / unake dvArA pravartita dharma jina dharma hai, unhIM ke dvArA pradatta jJAna jinavANI hai| ataH jinendra bhagavAna, jinadharma tathA jinavANI ke prati unakI aTUTa AsthA paga-paga para prakaTa huI hai| jina dharma kI vizeSatAeM batAte hue kavi kahatA hai "" 'dhanya-dhanya jina dharma, jAsu meM dayA ubhaya vidhi / dhanya-dhanya jina dharma, jAsu mahiM lakhai Apa nidhi / dhanya-dhanya jina dharma, paMtha ziva ko darasAvai / dhanya-dhanya jina dharma, jahA~ kevala pada pAvai / (9)

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puni dhanya-dhanya jina dharma yaha sukha ananta jahA~ paaiye| bhaiyA trikAla nija ghaTa viSai, zuddha dRSTi dhara dhyaaiye||''15 eka anya sthAna para kavi jJAna-dRSTi ke abhAva meM idhara-udhara bhaTakate hue jIva ko sambodhita karate hue kahatA hai - "kAhe ko deza dizAntara dhAvata, kAhe rijhAvata iMda nrind| kAhe ko devi aura deva manAvata, kAhe ko zIsa navAvata cNd|| kAhe ko sUraja soM kara jorata, kAhe nihArata mUDha muniNd| kAhe ko zoca karai dina raina taM sevata kyoM nahi pArzva jinNd|''16 jo svayaM usa kaThina sAdhanA ke patha ko pAra kara cuke haiM ve hI jIva ko ucita dizA nirdeza de sakate haiN| jina, jinavara, jinanda, jineza, jinacaMda, arahaMta, siddha, kevalI, saba unhIM ke paryAyavAcI haiN| kavi ne apanI pratyeka kRti ke Arambha meM jinendra bhagavAna kI kisI na kisI rUpa meM vaMdanA kI hai| preraNAsrota unakI zradvA korI zradvA nahIM thI, na hI unakI bhakti aMdha-bhakti thii| unhoMne jaina darzana zAstroM kA paryApta adhyayana kiyA thaa| guNasthAna, saptabhaMgI, upAdAna nimitta jaise dArzanika viSayoM para lekhanI uThAnA hI isa bAta kA pramANa hai| unhoMne kucha graMthoM kA to saMketa bhI diyA hai| AcArya nemicandrakRta gommaTasAra jaise vizAlakAya graMtha kA unhoMne AdyopAMta gambhIratApUrvaka adhyayana kiyA thaa| gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa ke AdhAra para hI unhoMne guNasthAna sambandhI donoM racanAeM-ekAdaza guNasthAna paryanta paMthavarNana tathA caudaha guNasthAnavartI jIva saMkhyA varNana kI hai| prathama racanA ke aMta meM kavi ne isa tathya kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai - __ "aise bheda jinAgama maahi| gomaThasAra graMtha kI chaahi||" kavi ne karma siddhAnta se sambandhita donoM racanAeM-aSTakarma kI caupAI tathA karmabaMdha ke daza bheda gommaTasAra ke karmakAMDa ke AdhAra para likhI haiN| dUsarI racanA ke arntagata kavi ne svayaM isa tathya kA saMketa kiyA hai - "e daza bheda jinAgama lhe| gomaThasAra graMtha meM khe||" unhoMne AcArya nemicandra kRta trilokasAra kA bhI sUkSmataH adhyayana kiyA thA, usI ke AdhAra para unhoMne lokAkAza kSetra parimANa kathana kRti kI racanA kI hai| isa kRti ke anta meM kavi ne isa tathya kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai - "iha vidhi kahI jinAgama bhaakh| graMtha trilokasAra kI saakh||" (10)

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AcArya nemicandra kRta dravyasaMgraha kA to unhoMne anuvAda hI kiyA hai| AcArya nemicandra prAkRta bhASA ke kavi the, aura bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI prAkRta ke vidvAna the| unakI sabhI racanAoM kA kavi ne gambhIratA se adhyayana kiyA thaa| isa prakAra prAkRta bhASA ke AcArya nemicandra siddhAntadeva bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke priya kavi evaM preraNA srota pratIta hote haiN| __ AgarA kA tatkAlIna dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika vAtAvaraNa bhI kavi ke liye preraNAdAyaka rahA hogaa| kavi ne apanI racanAoM meM dArzanika siddhAntoM kA paramparAgata varNana kiyA hai tathA unake bheda-vibhedoM ko to vistAra diyA hai kintu unakI bArIkI meM aura gaharAI meM jAne kI pravRtti unakI nahIM hai| janasAdhAraNa ke lie dArzanika siddhAntoM ko sugama banAne ke vicAra se hI aisA kiyA hai| dArzanika vivecana ke adhyAya meM isa dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vinayazIlatA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa meM hameM vinamratA kI bhAvanA paryApta mAtrA meM dikhAI detI hai, ahaMkAra unameM kiMcita mAtra bhI nahIM hai| unakI yaha Atma laghutva kI bhAvanA unakI racanAoM meM sthAna-sthAna para dRSTigata hotI hai| brahmavilAsa kA saMgraha karate samaya unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki maiM alpabuddhi jIva hU~, koI vidvAna isameM azudi dekheM to isakA upahAsa na kareM apitu ise zuddha kara deM -- "buddhivaMta hasiyo mati koy| alpamatI bhASA kavi hoy| . bhUla cUka nija nayana nihaari| zuddha kIjiyo artha vicaari||''17 dravyasaMgraha kA prAkRta se hindI bhASA meM anuvAda tathA bhAva vistAra karane ke pazcAt bhI unhoMne yahI bhAvanA prakaTa kI hai - "gAthA mUla nemicanda krii| mahA arthanidhi pUraNa bhrii|| bahuzruta dhArI je gunnvNt| te saba artha lakhahiM virtNt|| hamase mUrakha samajhe naahii| gAthA paDhe va artha lkhaahiN|| kAhU artha lakhe budhi ain| vAMcata upajyo ati cita cain|| jo yaha graMtha kavitta meM hoy| to jagamAhiM paDhai saba koy|| ihi vidhi graMtha racyo suvikaas| mAnasiMha va bhgautiidaas||''18 kavi ke kathana 'hamase mUrakha samajhe nAhI' meM usake hRdaya kI vinayazIlatA tathA Atma laghutA kI bhAvanA spaSTa jhalaka rahI hai| dUsaroM ko murkha kahane meM ahaMkAra kI gaMdha A jAtI hai| ataH kavi ne dUsaroM kI apekSA pahale svayaM ko (11)

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mUrkha kahA- hamase mUrakha samajheM nAhIM jabaki kevala do hI paMktiyoM ke pazcAt ve kahate haiM - "ihi vidhi graMtha racyo suvikAsa, mAnasiMha va bhgautiidaas||" jo mUrkha hone ke kAraNa jisa kRti ko samajha bhI nahIM sakatA, usI kRti kA anuvAda prastuta kara rahA hai| jJAna ke sAtha vinamrazIlatA bhakta kaviyoM kA AbhUSaNa hai| jisa prakAra kSamA vIrasya bhUSaNam- kSamA vIroM kA hI AbhUSaNa hai usI prakAra vinamratA jJAna ke sAtha hI sauMdaryavatI pratIta hotI hai| satya hai vidyA vinayaM dadAti, vidyA manuSya ko vinamra banAtI hai| eka anya sthAna para to vinayokti kI parAkASThA hI ho gaI hai| zata aSTottarI ke anta meM vaha kahate haiM - "eho buddhivaMta nara haMso jina mohiM koU, bAla khyAla lIno tuma lIjiyo sudhAri ke|| maiM na paDhyo piMgala na dekhyo chaMda koza koU, nAmamAlA nAma ko par3hI nahI vicAri ke| saMskRta prAkRta vyAkaraNaha na par3hayo kahU~, tAte moko doSa, nAhiM zodhiyo nihAri ke|| kahata bhagautIdAsa brahma ko lahyo vilAsa, tAte brahma racanA karI hai vistAri ke||" vidvAnoM ke prati kavi kA yaha kathana ki mujhe (alpabuddhi) bAlaka samajhakara isameM sudhAra kara lenA, usake hRdaya kI samasta udAratA, vinamratA AtmalaghutA ko darpaNavata prakaTa kara detA hai| isI pada meM Age unakA kathana hai ki maiMne na chaMda zAstra par3hA hai na koI zabda koza dekhA hai, na hI saMskRta prAkRta kA vyAkaraNa par3hA hai| unake isa kathana meM satya kI apekSA vinayazIlatA kA atireka hI dRSTigata hotA hai| bahujJatA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ke bahujJa hone meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne unako kavivara banArasIdAsa ke samAna hI AdhyAtmika aura prabhAvazAlI kavi mAnA hai|19 paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ne unheM prAkRta saMskRta tathA hindI bhASA kA acchA abhyAsI tathA urdU, phArasI, baMgalA evaM gujarAtI bhASA kA bhI jJAtA svIkAra kiyA hai|20 DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne prAkRta aura saMskRta para unakA aTUTa (12)

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adhikAra, hindI, gujarAtI aura baMgalA meM vizeSa gati tathA urdU, phArasI kA paryApta jJAna svIkAra kiyA hai| 21 isameM saMdeha nahIM hai ki bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa uparokta bhASAoM ke vidvAna the| zata aSTottarI racanA ke antargata gujarAtI tathA urdU bhASA ke chaMda unake ina bhASAoM para adhikAra ke dyotaka haiM tathA anekAneka racanAoM meM prayukta anya bhASAoM ke zabda tatsambandhI jJAna ke paricAyaka haiM / munizrI kAntisAgara jI ne bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha gadyakAra bhI batAyA hai jabaki prayAsa karane para bhI unakI koI gadya racanA mujhe abhI taka upalabdha na ho skii| ataH muni jI ne kisa AdhAra para unheM 'gadyakAra' mAnA hai isakA koI sUtra nahIM mila skaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa saMgIta ke acche jJAtA the| unakI racanA paramArtha pada paMkti ke paccIsa pada vibhinna rAga rAganiyoM meM baddha haiM tathA do anya pada rAgaprabhAtI meM baddha haiN| paramArtha padapaMkti ke pada bhairava, devaMgadhAra, bilAvala, rAmakalI, kAphI, sAraMga, dhamAla gor3I, kedArI, soraTha, kAnharI, aDAnI, vihAga, mArU, dhanAzrI, rAga rAganiyoM meM baddha hai / itane rAga rAganiyoM meM padoM ko bAMdhanA kavi ke saMgIta prema evaM jJAna kA paricAyaka hai| anya bhakta kaviyoM ke samAna unake kAvya meM hameM bhakti, kAvya aura saMgIta kI triveNI pravAhita hotI dRSTigata hotI hai / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne jyotiSa sambandhI chaMda bhI likhe haiN| yadyapi jyotiSa sambandhI chaMdoM kI saMkhyA (jo brahmavilAsa meM saMgRhIta haiM) ati alpa hai| tathA ve jyotiSa ke prArambhika evaM mUla siddhAntoM para AdhArita haiM tathApi inase unake vyaktitva kA eka aura pakSa udghaTita hotA hai| unheM jyotiSa meM paryApta ruci thI tathA unakA unheM jJAna bhI thA / isa prakAra antarsAkSya evaM bahirsAkSya ke rUpa meM upalabdha atyalpa sAmagrI ke AdhAra para niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke AgarA nivAsI jaina kavi the jinhoMne saMvat 1731 se 1755 vi0 taka 'bhaiyA' upamAna se sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| ye kavivara banArasIdAsa ke mitra bhagavatIdAsa tathA hIrAcandra praNIta paMcAstikAya meM varNita bhagavatIdAsa se bhinna the| jinadharma meM unakI dRr3ha AsthA thI, aura ve bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI the| (13) *

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saMdarbha evaM TippaNiyA~ 1. jaMbUdvIpa su bhaartvrss| tAmeM Arya kSetra utkrss|| tahAM ugrasena pura thAna / nagara AgarA nAma prdhaan| ___x xxxx nRpati tahAM rAjai aurNg| jAkI AjJA bahai abhNg|| xxxxx tahAM jAti uttama bahu bsai| tAmeM osavAla pani lsai|| tinake gota bahuta vistaar| nAma kahata nahIM Avai paar|| sabateM choTo gota prsiddh| nAma kaTAriyA riddhi smRddh|| xxxxx dazarathasAhu puNya ke dhnii| tinake riddhi vRddhi ati ghnii|| tinake putra lAlajI bhye| dharmavaMta guNadhara nirmye|| tinake putra bhgvtiidaas| jina yaha kInhoM brahma vilaas|| xxx xx saMvata satraha pNcpcaas| Rtu vasaMta vaizAkha sumaas|| zukla pakSa tRtIyA rvivaar| saMdha caturvidha ko jykaar|| xxxxx bhaiyA nAma bhgvtiidaas| pragaTa hotu tasu brahma vilaas|| bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa, brahmavilAsa, graMthakartA paricaya, pR0 saM0 305 2. "rUpacanda paMDita prathama, dutiya caturbhuja daas| tRtiya bhagautIdAsa nara, kaurapAla gundhaam|| dharmadAsa ye paMca jana, mili baiThe ika tthaur| paramAratha caracA kareM, inake kathA na aur||" kavi banArasIdAsa, nATaka samayasAra, prazasti, padya 26, 27 3. DaoN0 prema sAgara jaina, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR0 saM0 268, 269. 4. " 'mAnasiMha' mahimA nija pragaTai, bahara na bhava meM aauuN|" paramArtha pada paMkti, AThaveM pada kI antima paMkti isameM mAnasiMha ko saMketita karake nIce pAda-TippaNI meM likhA gayA hai (14)

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'mAna siMha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kA parama mitra thA / ' brahmavilAsa, pR0 saM0 112. 5. 'dravya saMgraha' nAma kI racanA 'bhaiyA' ke mitra mAna siMha kI racI huI hai| 'DaoN0 premasAgara jaina, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR0 saM0 270. 6. 'ihavidhi graMtha racyo suvikAsa, mAnasiMha va bhagautIdAsa / ' bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, davyasaMgraha kavitta baMdha, dohA chaM0 saM0 6. 'bhaiyA nAma bhgvtiidaas| pragaTa hohu tasu brahma vilAsa / / ' brahmavilAsa, granthakartA paricaya pR0 saM0 10, chaM0 saM0 305. 8. (a) bhavika tuma vaMdahu mana dhara bhAva, jina pratimA jinavarasI kahiye / zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 20, prathama paMkti / (ba) svarga mRtyu pAtAla meM zrI jinabimba anUpa // tihaM prIta vaMdata bhavika nita bhAva sahita zivasvarUpa || zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 19, antima do paMktiyAM / 9. ' iti guru ziSya caturdazI, sunahu sabai mana lAya / kahai dAsa bhagavaMta ko, samatA ke ghara aay| ' guru ziSya caturdazI, chaM0 saM0 14 paMkti 5 va 6. 10. DaoN0 nemicaMda zAstrI, jyotiSAcArya, AgarA meM nirmita jaina vAD.maya, guru gopAladAsa varaiyA smRti graMtha, pR0 saM0 553 se uddhRta . 11. 'tahAM (AgarA) basahiM jinadharmI loka / puNyavaMta bahuguNa ke thoka || buddhivaMta zubha carcA kare / akhaya bhaMDAra dharma ko bhare / / " brahmavilAsa, graMthakartA paricaya, chaM0 saM0 2. tathA 7. 'nagara Agaro agra hai, jainI jana kA bAsa / tihaM thAnaka racanA karI, bhaiyA svamati prakAsa / / ' upAdAna nimitta saMvAda, chaM0 saM0 46. tathA 44 " 'nagara Agare jaina bsai| guNa maNi riddha vRddhi kara lasai / tihaM thAnaka mana brahma prakAza / racanA kahI bhagautIdAsa / / ' manavattIsI, chaM0 saM0 34. 12. bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa, svapna battIsI, chaM0 saM0 34. (15)

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13. bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa, supaMtha kupaMtha pacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 19. 14. bhaiyA vinavahi vaarNvaaraa| cetana ceta bhalo avtaaraa|| (havai) dUlaha zivanArI vrnaa| ete para etA kyA krnaa|" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, naMdIzvara dIpa kI jayamAlA, chaM0 saM0 25. 15. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, jinadharma pacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 2. 16. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, phaTakara kavitA, chaM0 saM0 14. 17. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, brahmavilAsa, graMthakartA paricaya, chaM0 saM0 7. 18. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dravyasaMgraha kavittabaMdha, (59 kavitta chaMdoM ke pazcAt) caupAI cha) saM0 4,5,6. 19. 'ye (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa) bhI banArasI jI ke samAna AdhyAtmika kavi the, pratibhAzAlI the, kAvya kI tamAma rItiyoM se tathA zabdAlaMkAra arthAlaMkAra Adi se paricita the' paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 53. 20. 'Apa (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa) prAkRta saMskRta tathA hindI bhASA ke abhyAsI hone ke sAtha sAtha urdU, phArasI, baMgalA evaM gujarAtI bhASA kA bhI acchA jJAna rakhate the itanA hI nahIM, urdU aura gujarAtI meM acchI kavitA bhI karate the|' paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI, kavivara bhagavatIdAsa, anekAnta, mArca 1957, pR0 saM0 227 se uddhRta / 21. "bhaiyA eka vidvAna kavi the| prAkRta aura saMskRta para to unakA aTUTa adhikAra thaa| hindI gujarAtI aura baMgalA meM bhI vizeSa gati thii| isake sAtha-sAtha unheM urdU aura phArasI kA jJAna thaa| unakI racanAe~ isa tathya kA nidarzana haiN|" DaoN0 premasAgara jaina, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR0 saM0 269. (16)

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adhyAya 2 tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA racanAkAla saM0 1731 se 1755 vi0 taka hai| isa samaya bhArata ke rAjasiMhAsana para mugalavaMzIya samrATa auraMgajeba AsIna thA / usane 21 julAI san 1658 I0 ko rAjya hastagata kiyA tathA 20 pharavarI 1707 I0 ko usakI mRtyu huI, 1 arthAt usane samvat 1715 vi0 se saM0 1764 vi0 taka rAjya kiyaa| sAmAnyatayA kavi samAja se prabhAvita hotA hai aura samAja tatkAlIna rAjanIti se, kintu pratyeka sAmAnya niyama ke sAtha usake apavAda bhI upasthita rahate haiN| tatkAlIna jaina kavi apane samaya kI samasta viSamatAoM ke garala ko AtmasAt karake AdhyAtmika Ananda sudhA kI varSA kara rahe the| tatkAlIna rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, dhArmika tathA sAhityika paristhitiyoM kA vistAra se avalokana karake hama dekheMge ki bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa apane yuga se kahAM taka prabhAvita hue haiN| rAjanaitika sthiti pAnIpata ke dUsare yuddha (san 1556 I0 ) ke pazcAt mugala sAmrAjya ke sarvAdhika lokapriya evaM pratApI samrATa akabara kA rAjyakAla Arambha huaa| akabara, jahA~gIra tathA zAhajahAM kA zAsanakAla sukha zAnti evaM samRddhipUrNa rhaa| tatpazcAt auraMgajeba ne uttarAdhikAra ke lie yuddha karake rAjyasattA ko san 1658 I0 meM (samvat 1715 vi0 ) meM hastagata kiyA tathA usane san 1707 I0 (samvat 1764 vi0 ) taka mRtyuparyanta rAjya kiyaa| usakA rAjatvakAla ghora azAnti aura avyavasthA kA yuga thA, jisa zAsana kI nIMva hI AhoM, AMsU aura rakta kI dhArAeM bahA kara rakhI gaI ho, usase aura apekSA bhI kyA kI jA sakatI thI? sarvavidita hI hai ki usane apane vRddha pitA zAhajahAM ko usakA zeSa jIvana baMdI ke rUpa meM vyatIta karane ke lie vivaza kiyA thA, apane bar3e bhAI tathA sAmrAjya ke uttarAdhikArI dArA zikoha kA apamAnapUrNa evaM karuNa aMta kiyaa| apane choTe bhAI zujA aura murAda ke sahayoga se rAjyasattA prApta kI aura usake pazcAt chala se unheM mRtyu kA grAsa banA diyaa| (17)

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isa prakAra bhArata meM mugala sAmrAjya kA sUrya jo bAbara ke sAtha udita huA thA, akabara ke rAjyakAla meM apanI prakharatama kiraNe vikIrNa kara, auraMgajeba kA zAsana Arambha hote hI astAcala kI ora unmukha ho gayA aura mugalavaMza ke antima zAsaka bahAdurazAha japhara' ke sAtha san 1857 I0 (samvat 1914 vi0) meM pUrNataH asta ho gyaa| DaoN0 nagendra ne ThIka hI likhA hai "samvat 1700 se 1900 taka bhArata kA rAjanItika itihAsa carama utkarSa ko prApta mugala sAmrAjya kI avanati ke Arambha aura phira kramazaH usake pUrNa vinAza kA itihAsa hai| madhya yuga meM sampUrNa rAjyazakti kA ekamAtra adhipati samrATa hI hotA thaa| samasta adhikAra usake hAtha meM hI kendrita hote the ataH usa yuga kI cetanA usake vyaktitva se hI anuprANita hotI thii| isa samaya madhyakAlIna rAjanItika vyavasthA kA AdhAra thA vyaktivAdI niraMkuza raajtNtr| isa prakAra kI vyavasthA meM zAsaka hI rASTra ke bhAgya kA vidhAtA, yugacetanA kA niyAmaka tathA kucha sImA taka eka viziSTa jIvana darzana kA pratipAdaka bhI hotA hai| samrATa pUrNataH svecchAkArI hotA thA, usake Upara kisI prakAra kA niyaMtraNa nahIM hotA thaa| auraMgajeba bhI isI prakAra kA samrATa thaa| usakA rAjya vibhinna prAntoM athavA sUboM meM vibhAjita thA jo sabedAroM ke adhIna rahate the| bahata se jAgIradAra aura manasabadAra hote the| unake pAsa apanI-apanI senAeM hotI thI, unheM paMcahajArI, chaH hajArI Adi manasaba pradAna kie jAte the, yaha eka prakAra kA rAjakIya sammAna thA, AvazyakatA par3ane para ve apanI-apanI senAeM lekara samrATa kI ora se yuddha karane jAte the| isa prakAra yaha sAmantavAdI yuga thaa| ina sAmantoM kA mukhya kArya samrATa ko prasanna rakhanA tathA adhInastha prajA kA zoSaNa karanA thaa| auraMgajeba kI rAjanIti mukhyataH dharma para AdhArita thii| vaha kaTTara sunnI musalamAna thaa| vaha hinduoM kA to virodhI thA hI, ziyA musalamAnoM kA bhI virodha karatA thA usakI nIti bhedabhAvapUrNa thii| rAjya ke U~ce padoM para niyukti yogyatA ke AdhAra para nahIM apitu dharma ke AdhAra para hotI thI, ata: yogya vyaktiyoM kI sevAeM aura vizvAsa usane prApta nahIM kiyA, isake viparIta isa pakSapAtapUrNa vyavahAra ke kAraNa pArasparika IrSyA, dveSa tathA damita roSa kA vAtAvaraNa banA rahAtA thaa| adhikArI sAmAnyataH vilAsI aura bhraSTAcArI hote the| ghUsa aura utkoca (rizvata) nisaMkoca rUpa se lI jAtI (18)

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thii| prArthI kA nivedana samrATa taka pahuMcAne ke lie hI paryApta rupayA le liyA jAtA thaa| bar3e se lekara choTe taka kaI adhikArI ghUsa lekara anucita pakSapAta yA nyAya zAsana meM manacAhA hera phera kara dete the| auraMgajeba kA adhikAMza samaya yuddha aura saMgharSa meM hI vyatIta huaa| sImAnta pradezoM para nirantara azAnti aura saMgharSapUrNa vAtAvaraNa rahatA thaa| usakI utpIr3ana nIti ne mathurA ke jAToM, satanAmiyoM, sikhoM ko apanA virodhI banA liyA thaa| "vaha rAjapUtoM se ghRNA karatA thA, parantu jaba taka bhArata meM mirjA rAjA jayasiMha tathA mahArAjA jasavaMta siMha jaise zaktizAlI nareza jIvita rahe vaha hinduoM ko naSTa karane kI apanI nIti ko khullamakhulA vyavahAra meM na lA skaa|'' mAravAr3a ke rAjA jasavaMtasiMha kA nidhana hote hI usane unake rAjya ko hastagata kiyA jisase rAThaura, durgAdAsa ke netRtva meM usase nirantara saMgharSa karate rhe| mevAr3a ke rAjA rAjasiMha se bhI usakA saMgharSa bahuta samaya taka calatA rhaa| marAThoM ke netA zivAjI (mRtyu san 1680) tatpazcAt unake putra zambhAjI aura rAjArAma se usakA yuddha hotA rhaa| usane apane antima 25 varSa bIjApura golakuMDA Adi se nirantara yuddha karate hue dakSiNa meM hI vyatIta kiye aura vahIM ahamadanagara meM san 1707 meM usakI mRtyu ho gii| yuddha aura saMgharSa se otaprota vAtAvaraNa meM rahate hue kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI 'cetana karma caritra' meM rAjA cetana tathA moha ke madhya yuddha kA sajIva aura svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA hai - "raNasiMge bajjahiM, kou na bhajjahi, karahiM mahA dou juddh|| ita jIva haMkArahiM, nija paravArahi, karahu arina ko ruddh|| uta moha calAve, taba dala dhAve, cetana pakaro aaj|| iha vidhi doU dala, meM kala nahi pala, karahiM aneka ilaaj||" nirantara yuddha hote rahane ke kAraNa auraMgajeba kI arthavyavasthA lar3akhar3A gaI thii| bhArata jaise kRSi pradhAna deza meM kRSaka hI rASTrIya samRddhi ke AdhAra hote haiM kintu isa yuga meM kRSaka hI sarvAdhika zoSita kie jAte the| zAhI senA meM lagabhaga eka lAkha satara hajAra sainika the aura sambhavataH unake sAtha par3Ava ke naukaroM kI saMkhyA isakI dasagunI ho jAtI thii| jisa ora bhI yaha zAhI senA jAtI thI, sArI phasala rauMda dI jAtI thI, rahI sahI khar3I phasala ghor3oM ko khilA dI jaatii| gAMvoM meM lUTamAra yA Aga lagA denA sAmAnya bAta thii| ataH "apanI antima car3hAI ke bAda jaba san 1705 meM auraMgajeba vApasa (19)

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lauTA taba sArA deza barabAda hokara pUrNatayA vIrAna ho cukA thaa| (prasiddha paryaTaka manucI ke anusAra) una prAntoM ke khetoM meM na to phasaleM hI thI aura na koI vRkSa hI, unake sthAna para vahAM saba ora manuSyoM aura DhoroM kI haDDiyAM bikharI par3I thii| isa para bhI rAjakIya kara na de sakane ke kAraNa kisAnoM para atyAcAra hote the| isalie vivaza hokara ve prAyaH lUTamAra kA vyavasAya karane lagate the, zAnti surakSA ke abhAva meM vyApAra bhI caupaTa ho rahA thaa| eka ora yuddha meM hone vAlA bhArI vyaya tathA dUsarI ora Aya ke sAdhana naSTa hone se zAhI koSa rikta. ho cukA thaa| sainikoM tathA zAsakIya adhikAriyoM ke pichale tIna-tIna varSa ke vetana bhI taba taka cukAye na jA sake the| rAta-dina AkrAmaka yuddha karate-karate usake sainika bhI thaka cuke the aura yuddha kI samApti cAhate the kintu auraMgajeba kisI kI nahIM sunatA thaa| auraMgajeba kI mRtyu hI unheM yuddha kI samApti kA ekamAtra upAya dRSTigata hotA thA ataH ve isakI hI kAmanA karate the| apane beTe muajjama ko likhe hue usake eka patra meM isa prakAra kA saMketa hai| usa yuga kI rAjanIti chala aura prapaMca se otaprota thI, svayaM samrATa bhI inakA Azraya letA thA, phira sAmAnya janatA kI to bAta hI kyA thI? aise / aneka udAharaNa tatkAlIna itihAsa meM bhare hue haiN| auraMgajeba bhakta Amera ke mirjA rAjA jayasiMha ke pUrNa AzvAsana para hI marAThA netA zivAjI auraMgajeba ke darabAra meM upasthita hue the (san 1666 I0) kintu usane unheM bandI banA liyaa| apane putra akabara se yuddha karate samaya usane eka aisA patra usake sAthI rAjapUta saradAroM ke hAtha meM pahuMcAyA ki usake prati unakA vizvAsa samApta ho gayA aura ve use asahAya chor3akara bhAga khar3e hue| siddhAntoM aura Adarza kI bAteM rAjanIti se samApta hotI jA rahI thI, kiloM kA patana prAyaH kisI vizvasta vyakti ke vizvAsaghAta kA pariNAma hotA thA, golakuMDA kA patana isI prakAra huA thaa| mAravAr3a ke rAjA jasavaMtasiMha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt unake ekamAtra putra ajIta siMha ko jaba rAThaura, durgAdAsa ke netRtva meM auraMgajeba ke caMgula se nikAla le jAne meM saphala ho gae taba vaha bahuta samaya taka eka nakalI rAjakumAra kA poSaNa karatA rahA aura use hI asalI ajIta siMha ghoSita karatA rhaa| usa samaya krUratApUrvaka damana karane kA vAtAvaraNa chAyA huA thaa| auraMgajeba ne apane bhAIyoM kA krUratApUrvaka aMta karane ke pazcAt bhI yaha krama (20)

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banAye rkhaa| anekoM meM se kucha udAharaNa yahAM prastuta haiM / " jAToM kA saradAra gokula apane parivAra sahita kaida karake lAyA gyaa| yahAM para pulisa caukI ke dAlAna meM usake aMgoM ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara DAle gae aura usake parivAra ko jabaradastI musalamAna banA liyA gyaa| 7 1675 I0 meM sikha guru tegabahAdura ko baMdIgRha meM bhayaMkara yAtanAeM de dekara mAra DAlA gyaa| 1689 I0 meM zivAjI ke putra zambhA jI ko baMdI banA liyA gayA, usI rAta usakI AkheM phor3a dI giiN| dUsare dina kavi kalaza kI jIbha kATa dI gaI aura pandraha dina taka rojAnA unheM hara taraha satAyA gyaa| isake bAda kaidiyoM ko poregAMva bhejA gayA, jahAM unheM 21 mArca ko bar3I nirdayatA ke sAtha mAra DAlA gayA aura unake zarIra ke * Tukar3e karake kuttoM ko DAla die ge| unake siroM meM bhUsA bharakara dakhina ke mukhya-mukhya nagaroM meM Dhola pITa-pITa kara ghumAyA gyaa| auraMgajeba apanI santAna ke prati bhI atyadhika nirmama thaa| usake sabase bar3e putra muhammada sulatAna kI baMdIgRha meM hI 1676 I0 meM mRtyu ho gii| dUsarA putra muajjama, jo usake pazcAt bahAdurazAha ke nAma se siMhAsanAsIna huA 21 pharavarI 1687 I0 se 9 maI 1695 I0 taka baMdIgRha meM rahA / usakA cauthA putra akabara usake kAraNa bhArata chor3akara phArasa calA gayA aura vahIM san 1704 I0 meM usakI mRtyu huii| isI prakAra usakI eka putrI jebunnisA bhI baMdIgRha meM hI mRtyu kA grAsa banI thI / " vaha apane sabhI putra evaM putriyoM ke prati saMdeha rakhatA thA aura unake cAroM ora guptacara lagAe rakhatA thA jo use unakI saba gatividhiyoM se sadA paricita karAte rahate the| 9 ina saba tathyoM se tatkAlIna rAjanaitika avyavasthA, arAjakatA, asurakSA evaM krUratApUrNa vAtAvaraNa para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai jisase tatkAlIna samAja aura sAhitya sabhI prabhAvita hue| sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ yaha yuga ghora avyavasthA kA yuga thA / yadyapi bhAratIya itihAsa yahAM ke samrAToM kA jIvana tathA unakI vijaya parAjaya kA hI lekhA jokhA prastuta karatA hai, tathApi usase sAmAnya janatA kI jhalaka bhI yadA-kadA mila jAtI hai| tatkAlIna samAja ko do vargoM meM saralatA se vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA haizoSaka aura shossit| jinake Upara samrATa kA varada hasta rahatA thA ve hI loga apane adhInastha tathA sAmAnya janatA kA abAdha zoSaNa karate the| bhArata kA (21)

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vRhat kRSaka samudAya tathA zramika varga inake dvArA zoSita hotA thaa| ina donoM ke madhya bahuta antara thA / eka ora vaibhava aura vilAsa caramasImA ko pahuMca rahe the to dUsarI ora daridratA kA atireka thaa| auraMgajeba yadyapi svayaM sadAcArI thA kintu usake pUrvaja jahAMgIra tathA zAhajahAM atyadhika vilAsI the aura vilAsitA kA tatva mugala sAmrAjya kI nasa-nasa meM samA gayA thA / videzI yAtrI barniyara, Tevarniyara, manUcI Adi zAhajahAM kA rAjya-vaibhava aura aizvarya dekhakara stambhita raha gae the| "dillI ke amIroM ke mahaloM meM viSaya-bhoga apanI caramasImA ko pahuMca gae the| unake harama sadaiva anekAneka dezoM aura anaginata vibhinna jAtiyoM kI nAnA vidhi ke DhaMga, caritra tathA buddhivAlI anekoM striyoM se bhare rahate the| 10 samrATa ke mahaloM meM sundarI ke sAtha surA kA bhI unmukta vyApAra hotA thA / madirA pAna usa samaya kA sabase bhayaMkara vyasana thA / " sAmantoM ke ghara meM unake apane harama the, jisameM apane manoraMjana ke lie ve manamAnI saMkhyA meM rakSitAeM aura nartakiyAM rakhate the| 11 yadyapi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa adhyAtmavAdI kavi the tathApi unhoMne sAMsArika prANiyoM kA citraNa apane yuga ke anurUpa kiyA hai "kou tau karai kilola bhAminI sauM rIjhi rIjhi, vAhI sau saneha karai kAmarAga aMga meN| kauu tau lahai anaMda lakSa koTi jori jori, lakSa lakSa mAna karai lacchi kI taraMga meM / kauu mahA zUravIra koTika gumAna karai, yau samAna dUsaro na dekho kauU jaMga meM / kahA kahaiM 'bhaiyA' kahu kahive ko bAta nAhiM, saba jaga dekhiyatu rAgarasa raMga meM / 12 isake viparIta dUsarI ora zramika evaM kRSaka varga ke madhya isakA nitAnta virodhI citra dRSTigata hotA thaa| unheM dina bhara kaThina parizrama ke pazcAta eka bAra hI bhojana prApta ho pAtA thA / prAyaH unheM begAra ke lie pakar3a liyA jAtA aura majadUrI kor3oM kI mAra se cukAI jAtI thI / " eka ke bAda eka niyukta hone vAle jAgIradAra ke gumAztoM meM usa jAgIra ke kisAnoM kA saba kucha le lene kI hor3a sI laga jAtI thii| 13 dAsa prathA kA calana bhI thaa| yuddhabaMdI prAyaH dAsa banA lie jAte the tathA akAla ke samaya karja cukAne (22)

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ke lie strI puruSoM ko unake mAtA pitA beca dete the| isa prakAra dInahIna janatA trAhi-trAhi kara uThI thI, unake asthipaMjara zeSa zarIroM para hI mugala vaibhava kA prasAda khar3A huA thaa| samrATa svecchAcArI thA aura usake adhikArI nirdvandva / usa para vizeSa aMkuza nahIM thaa| nyAya vyavasthA vizvasanIya nahIM raha gaI thii| sAmAnya janatA ko sArvajanika surakSA kA vizvAsa nahIM raha gayA thaa| samAja kA kitanA naitika patana ho cukA thA aura prajA kA sammAna kisa prakAra asurakSita thA isa kA anumAna prastuta tathya se sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| " mugala amIroM ke naitika patana kA eka bahuta hI arthapUrNa udAharaNa hameM vajIra ke pautra mirjA tasavvura ke caritra meM milatA hai| apane sAthI guMDoM ko lekara vaha dillI meM apane mahala se nikalatA aura taba bAjAra meM dukAnoM ko lUTatA tathA DoliyoM meM baiThakara nagara kI Ama sar3akoM para se nikalane vAlI yA yamunA nadI kI ora jAne vAlI hindU striyoM ko ur3Akara unake sAtha vyabhicAra karatA thA, phira bhI na to vahAM koI aisA zaktizAlI yA sAhasI nyAyAdhIza hI thA jo use daMDa de sakatA aura na aise atyAcAroM ko rokane ke lie vahAM pulisa kA koI samucita prabandha hI thA / / 14 adhikArI varga rizvata ghUsakhorI aura bhraSTAcAra ke roga se grasta thA aura sAmAnya prajA kA jInava trasta aura abhizapta thaa| vaha ghora nairAzya kI sthiti meM mUka bhAva se saba kucha sahatI thI, kintu usake hRdaya se svAmi-bhakti aura rAjabhakti lupta ho gaI thii| usake bhItara chipI huI ghRNA aura Akroza kI ciMgAriyAM samaya-samaya para phUTa par3atI thIM, jinakA krUratApUrvaka damana kara diyA jAtA thaa| uttarAdhikAra ke yuddha meM dArAzikoha auraMgajeba se parAsta hokara jaba bhArata kI sImA pAra kara aphagAnistAna jAne kI yojanA banA rahA thA taba usI kI kRpA se niyukta dAdara ke gar3ha ke adhipati malika jIvana ne usake sAtha vizvAsaghAta kara use baMdI banAkara auraMgajeba bhakta mirjA rAjA jayasiMha ko sauMpa diyaa| usakI sevAoM ke lie, auraMgajeba ne use sAmanta banAyA 'bakhtayAra khAM' nAma diyA, sammAna dene ke lie dillI bulaayaa| jaba vaha nagara se hokara jA rahA thA taba janatA ne " gAliyA~ aura zApoM kI malika jIvana tathA usake sAthiyoM para bauchAra kara dI, unhoMne usa para kUr3A aura kIcar3a pheMkA aura Dhele tathA patthara barasAye / pariNAma yaha huA ki kucha gira gae aura kucha mara gae Aja ke dina itanA bar3A viplava huA (23)

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ki yaha lagabhaga vidroha mAlUma par3atA thaa|15 auraMgajeba kI damananIti ne hI AgarA aura mathurA ke jAToM, satanAmiyoM tathA sikhoM ko talavAra uThAne ko vivaza kara diyA thA kintu phira bhI dezabhakti, rASTrIyatA prAcIna kula maryAdA ke prati gaurava Adi kI bhAvanAeM lupta ho rahI thIM anyathA tatkAlIna sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA svara avazya sunAI pdd'taa| "rAjapUtoM ke dRr3ha snAyuoM meM bhI mugala darabAra kI najAkata aura komalatA praveza kara gaI thii| rAjasthAnI jauhara kA sthAna bhraSTAcAra ne tathA sabala pauruSa kA sthAna anaitika vilAsa ne le liyA thaa| savAI rAjA jayasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI pairoM meM dhuMgharU bAMdhakara apane aMtapura meM nRtya karate the|"16 abhijAta saMskRti ke nAma para vilAsa aura pradarzana hI zeSa raha gae the| samAja kA bauddhika stara bahuta nIcA hotA jA rahA thaa| isa yuga ne kisI mahAna sAdhu santa ko janma nahIM diyaa| amIra aura sAmantoM ke putra jIvana ke Arambha se hI aneka vikRtiyoM se paricita ho jAte the| unakI svArthAndhatA kA anumAna isI bAta se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki jahAM ve prativarSa lAkhoM rupaye kharca kara yUropa meM banI huI sukha bhoga aura kalA kI anekoM vastueM mola lete the, vahAM jana sAdhAraNa kI zikSA yA sArvajanika dhandhoM ke lie unhoMne eka bhI chApAkhAne yA litho kA patthara taka maMgavAne kI kabhI nahIM socii| itanA saba hote hue bhI usa samaya "karor3oM bhAratIyoM kA gRhastha jIvana pavitratAmaya aura sIdhI sAdI caMcalatA tathA haMsI khuzI se bharapUra thaa|"17 ye loga rAjanIti se asaMpRkta rahate the| solahavIM zatAbdI meM avatarita vaiSNava santoM kI vANI kI gUMja unake hRdaya ko anuprANita karatI rahatI thii| ve kIrtana Adi ke mAdhyama se rAjanaitika utpIr3ana ke bhAra ko bhulAkara apanA manoraMjana kara liyA karate the| musalamAna santoM kI kabra para ursa manAnA aura hinduoM kA samaya-samaya para hone vAle meloM tathA tIrthasthAnoM kI yAtrA karanA hI manoraMjana ke kucha sAdhana raha gae the| mug2ala zAsakoM kI AcAryoM aura kaviyoM ne prazaMsA bhI kI hai| paMDitarAja jagannAtha zAhajahAM ke rAjakavi the aura unhoMne usakI prazaMsA bhI kI hai| hindI jaina kaviyoM ne bhI jinameM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI eka haiM, auraMgajeba kI prazaMsA kI hai|19 DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ke anusAra isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki auraMgajeba ne zikSA paddhati kI. ora dhyAna diyA thA aura use sarvadhAraNa ke lie sulabha kara diyA thaa| "usane madarasoM aura makatoM kA jAla sA bichA diyA thaa| usake dvArA zikSA praNAlI . (24)

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meM bhI paryApta sudhAra kiyA gyaa| isake lie jaina kaviyoM ne auraMgajeba kI prazaMsA kI hai|''20 ghora avyavasthA aura nairAzya ke isa yuga meM bhI kucha kavi taTastha bhAva se AdhyAtmika Ananda meM lIna hokara kAvya-sAdhanA kara rahe the| dhArmika paristhitiyA~ auraMgajeba kaTTara sunnI musalamAna thaa| usakI dhArmika nIti atyanta bhedabhAvapUrNa thii| usane dharma ko rAjanIti kA AdhAra banAyA thaa| islAma dharma ko rAjakIya saMrakSaNa prApta thA, hinduoM ko vaha hIna dRSTi se dekhatA thaa| vastutaH bhArata meM islAma rAjya kI sthApanA karanA hI usakA uddezya thaa| "sampUrNa janasamAja ko islAma dharma meM dIkSita kara usakA dharma parivartana karanA aura hara prakAra ke dhArmika matabhedoM ko miTA denA hI musalamAnI rAjya kA Adarza hai| kisI bhI musalamAnI samAja meM koI kAfira rahane diyA jAtA hai to kevala isI kAraNa ki isa doSa ko miTAnA jaba sambhava nahIM ho| 21 auraMgajeba ne bhI isI Adarza ko apnaayaa| usake rAjya meM rAjakIya mahatvapUrNa padoM para hinduoM kI niyukti nahIM kI jAtI thii| hindU dharma ko samUla naSTa karane kA usane bharasaka prayAsa kiyaa| prastuta udAharaNoM se usakI damana nIti kA paryApta paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| "san 1644 meM jaba vaha gujarAta kA sUbedAra thA, taba usane ahamadAbAda meM tatkAla hI bane hue cintAmaNi ke hindU mandira meM go-hatyA karavA kara use bhraSTa karavA diyA, aura bAda meM usa mandira ko masjida meM badala diyaa|"22 "agasta 1669 I0 meM banArasa ke vizvanAtha mandira ko girA diyA gyaa| bundele rAjA vIrasiMha deva dvArA 33 lAkha rupayoM kI lAgata se banavAyA huA mathurA kA sabase zAnadAra devAlaya-kezavarAya kA mandira-janavarI 1670 I0 ko dharAzAyI kara diyA gayA aura usake sthAna para masjida banavA dI gii| isa maMdira kI mUrtiyAM AgarA lAI gaI aura unheM jahAMArA masjida kI sIr3hiyoM para lagA diyA gayA jisase ve namAja par3hane ke lie bhItara jAne vAle musalamAnoM ke pairoM se lagAtAra qhudatI rheN| isI samaya ke Asa-pAsa kAThiyAvAr3a prAyadvIpa ke dakSiNI kinAre para sthita somanAtha kA maMdira DhA diyA gayA aura usameM hone vAlI pUjA Adeza dekara banda karA dI gii| jina anya choTe dhArmika bhavanoM ko vinAza lIlA kA zikAra honA par3A, unakI to gaNanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| akele mevAr3a meM 1679-80 I0 ko rAjapUta yuddha ke sAtha 240 maMdira naSTa kie gae, jinameM somezvara kA prasiddha (25)

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, maMdira aura udayapura ke tIna zAnadAra maMdira bhI sammilita the| jayapura ke vaphAdAra rAjya meM bhI 67 maMdira DhA die ge| 2 apraila 1669 I0 ko muslimetaroM para jajiyA yA vyaktigata kara phira se lAgU kara diyA gyaa| ve garIba AdamI jinhoMne samrATa se prArthanA kI aura isa kara meM chUTa ke lie dInatA se cillAte hue eka sar3aka roka lI, usake Adeza para hAthiyoM se rauMda DAle aura titara bitara kara die ge| mArca 1695 I0 meM eka dUsare adhyAdeza ke dvArA rAjapUtoM ko chor3akara anya sabhI hinduoM ke lie hathiyAra lekara calane tathA hAthiyoM, pAlakiyoM athavA arabI phArasI ghor3oM para savArI karane ko manAhI kara dI gii| 23 jo maMdira ko tor3akara usake khaMDaharoM se masjida banA sake usakA kArya to atyanta prazaMsanIya ho jAtA thaa| bAdazAha kA pyArA banane kA pradhAna upAya maMdiroM kA bhaMga thaa| jina pAThazAlAoM meM hindU zAstroM kA paThana-pAThana hotA thA, unheM usane banda karavA diyaa| ....... hinduoM ke meloM para roka lagA dI gii| apane rahana-sahana dvArA unheM apane dalita hone kA . sArvajanika rUpa se pradarzana karanA par3atA thA / pratyeka hindU ko prayAga meM gaMgA snAna karane ke lie 6 rUpaye 4 Ane yAtrA kara ke rUpa meM dene par3ate the | 24 isa prakAra hinduoM ke apamAna aura anyAya kI sImA nahIM thI kintu Azcarya kI bAta thI ki itane apamAna aura anyAya ne bhI hinduoM ko krAntikArI nahIM banA diyaa| unameM svAmIbhakti aura rAjabhakti itanI gaharI thI ki ve auraMgajeba ke pakSa meM rAjapUta, marAThA, sikha, satanAmI tathA jAToM ke dala ke viruddha lar3ate rahe / Amera ke mirjA rAjA jayasiMha jaise vyakti sadaiva auraMgajeba kA dAhinA hAtha bane rhe| DaoN0 tArAcanda ke anusAra, "isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki usa kAla ke loga dharma ko nijI aura vyaktigata bAta samajhate the| dharma kA sambandha unake sArvajanika tathA rAjanaitika jIvana se na thA / "25 auraMgajeba kI nIti sunnI musalamAnoM ke atirikta sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ke prati damanapUrNa thI jisake kAraNa satanAmI aura sikha sampradAyoM ne sainika sampradAya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA aura mathurA jile meM gokula ke netRtva meM san 1669 I0 meM jAToM kA vidroha bhI isI prakAra kA prayAsa thA kintu hinduoM kA sammilita saMgaThita aura vistRta prayAsa nahIM dRSTigata hotA / auraMgajeba ziyA musalamAnoM se bhI ghRNA karatA thaa| vaha ziyAoM ko pijI (nAstika) samajhatA thA / usane apanI eka kaTAra kA nAma rApijIkuza (26)

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(ziyAghAtinI) rakhA thaa| vaha apane patroM meM ziyAoM kA binA gAliyoM ke ullekha nahIM karatA thaa| gule bayAvAnI (zavabhojIrAkSasa) tathA kAtila majAhibA~ (mithyAvizvAsI) usake priya prayoga the| bIjApura aura golakuMDA ke zAsaka ziyA the isIlie una para AkramaNa kiyA gayA thaa| auraMgajeba ne prasiddha rahasyavAdI saMta saramada kA bhI vadha karavAyA thA kyoMki vaha dArA kA zraddheya rahA thA aura sarvezvara vAdI thaa| kaTTara paMthiyoM kI dRSTi meM anIzvara vAdI aura sarvezvara vAdI donoM samarUpa se nindanIya haiN| hinduoM kI Antarika dazA bhI zocanIya thii| choTI-choTI bAtoM ko lekara unake AMtarika bheda vibhedoM ke kAraNa hindU samAja upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hokara azakta ho gayA thaa| zaiva aura vaiSNava dharma kI aneka zAkhAoM aura prazAkhAoM kA pracAra thaa| inameM kRSNabhakti zAkhA kA hI sarvAdhika pracalana thA kyoMki vahI yuga kI pravRti ke anukUla thii| aneka gaddiyoM aura maThoM kI sthApanA ho cukI thii| unake svAmI bhI vaibhava vilAsa ke abhizApa se achUte nahIM raha gae the ataH unakI sAdhanA aura tatva cintana meM zaithilya A gayA thA dharma kA tAtvika vikAsa ekadama ruka gayA thA usake sthAna para bhakti ke bAhya vilAsa atyaMta samRddha ho gaye the| jaba bhakta loga isa prakAra aizvarya aura vilAsa meM saMlagna the, to bhagavAna usase kaise vaMcita rhte| maTha aura maMdira devadAsiyoM ke nUpuroM kI runajhana se gUMjate rahate the| bhagavAna kI mUrtiyAM "aise-aise kAmukatAmaya nRtya dekhatI haiM jinheM dekhakara avadha ke navAba ko bhI IrSyA hotI aura apane harama meM jinakA anukaraNa karavAne ko kutubazAha bhI lAlAyita ho utthtaa| 26 sambhavataH dharma kA yahI rUpa dekhakara kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI kaha uThe haiM "kAnha karI kuMjana meM keli para nArina sauM, aise vyabhicArina ko Iza kaise khiye|''27 janatA dharma ke usI zRMgAraparaka rUpa kI ora AkRSTa ho rahI thI jo unake vilAsa priya jIvana kA samarthana karatA thaa| dharma kA nIti aura viveka se sambandha TUTa gayA thA, usakA dArzanika AdhAra lupta hone lagA thArAma aura kRSNa kI upAsanA ke atirikta eka varga dhArmika bhedabhAva se dUra hindU-muslima ekatA ke pratipAdaka kabIra, dAdU Adi nirguNa santoM kI vicAradhArA kA anugamana kara rahA thaa| (27)

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isa samaya jaina dharmAnuyAyI bhI paryApta mAtrA meM the| prAcInakAla se calI A rahI samRddha jaina sAhitya kI paramparA se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| AgarA jayapura Adi to jaina dharma ke gar3ha rahe haiN| auraMgajeba ke samakAlIna hI aneka jaina kaviyoM kI racanAeM paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha haiM tathA aneka jaina AcAryoM kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM isa dharma kI do zAkhAeM ho gaI thI digambara sampradAya ke antargata terahapaMtha, bIsapaMtha aura tAraNapaMtha tathA zvetAmbara sampradAya ke antargata caityavAsI, sthAnakavAsI (mUrtipUjA virodhI) aura zvetAmbara terahapaMtha (mUrtipUjA virodhI) pracalita the| auraMgajeba kA ina dharmAvalambiyoM ke prati kaisA vyavahAra thA, itihAsa meM isakA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| koI vizAla maMdira jainoM kA usa kAla meM nahIM banA, kucha prAcIna maMdira tor3e gae hoMge kintu kisI prasiddha jaina maMdira kA vidhvaMsa yA tIrtha kA vinAza nahIM kiyA gayA pratIta hotaa| AgarA aura dillI ke kiloM ke nikaTa hI usase pUrva ke bane hue vizAla jaina maMdira surakSita rhe| dillI meM lAlakile ke sAmane prasiddha jaina maMdira 'lAlamaMdira' zAhajahAM ne zAhI senA ke jaina sainikoM aura karmacAriyoM kI prArthanA para banavAyA thA28 use urdU maMdira bhI kahate haiN| kannar3I bhASA kI eka prAcIna virudAvalI ke anusAra auraMgajeba ne karnATaka ke eka digambara jainAcArya kA bhI Adara satkAra kiyA thaa| rAjasthAna meM jaina dharmAvalimbayoM ke uccapadoM para AsIna hone kA ullekha milatA hai jo unake paryApta unnata avasthA meM hone kA dyotaka hai| isa yuga meM janatA aMdhavizvAsI hotI thii| usameM AtmavizvAsa kA abhAva hotA jA rahA thaa| "siddhi prApta camatkAra kara sakane vAle prasiddha musalamAna santoM ko hindU rAjA raIsa sAdhAraNa janatA bhI Adara kI dRSTi se dekhate the| ve jAdU meM vizvAsa karate the| pIroM aura phakIroM ke pAsa apanI murAdeM lekara jAte the| jyotiSiyoM kI bhaviSyavANI aura sAmudrika zAstra ke dvArA unakI kAryavidhiyoM kA paricAlana hotA thaa| 29 dharma meM bAhya ADambaroM kA bahuta adhika praveza ho gayA thaa| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI tatkAlIna ADambara-priya sAdhuoM kA spaSTa aura sajIva citraNa kiyA hai-- "keU phirai kAnaphaTA, kaiU zIsa dharai jaTA, kaiU lie bhasma vaTA bhUle bhaTakata haiN|| (28)

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kaiU taja jAhiM aTA, kaiU dherai cerI caTA, kaiU paDhe paTa kaiU dhUma gaTakata haiN|| kaiU tana kiye laTa, kaiU mahA dIsai kaTA, keU tarataTA kaiU rasA laTakata haiN|| bhrama bhAvate na haTA hiye kAma nAhI ghaTA, viSai sukha raTA sAtha hAtha paTakata haiN||''30 isa prakAra dharma kI dRSTi se samAja aneka sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita thaa| eka ora to dharma meM zRMgArikatA kA praveza ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha rasAtala ko jA rahA thA to dUsarI ora sAmAnya janatA bAhya kriyAkAMDa tathA taMtra-maMtra vidyA ko hI dharma mAna baiThI thIM aisI sthiti meM eka varga aisA bhI thA jo tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM se pUrNata: taTastha rahakara ekAnta AtmasAdhanA meM lIna thaa| sAhityika paristhitiyAM sAhityika dRSTi se yaha yuga rItikAlIna kavitA kA yuga hai| rItikAlIna kavitA sAhitya aura samAja ke anyonyAzraya sambaMdha kA uttama udAharaNa hai| vaise to zAhajahAM ke samaya se hI hindI kaviyoM ne hindU rAjAoM ke darabAra meM Azraya lenA Arambha kara diyA thA, auraMgajeba ke samaya meM to unakA mugala darabAra se nitAnta viccheda ho gyaa| auraMgajeba sAhitya tathA saMgIta Adi kalAoM kA virodhI thaa| "vaha kaTTara sunnI musalamAna thA aura isa sampradAya meM jIvana ke rAgAtmaka tatvoM ke prati eka prakAra kA kaThora bhAva milatA hai| saundarya, aizvarya aura vilAsa kA tyAga usameM anivArya hai| phalata: jIvana ke rAgAtmaka tatvoM ko abhivyakti pradAna karane vAlI kalAoM tathA sAhitya ke lie auraMgajeba ke 'Adarza rAjya' meM koI sthAna nahIM thaa| auraMgajeba ke siMhAsanArohaNa ke pazcAt gyAraha varSa taka kucha kalAvaMta aura kavi kisI prakAra usake darabAra meM bane rahe, parantu antatogatvA unheM bilakula nikAla diyA gyaa|31 ataH kaviyoM ne rAjasthAna ke narezoM aura sAmantoM kI chatrachAyA meM Azraya liyaa| rAjanaitika prazraya ke abhAva tathA ghora avyavasthA ke yuga meM sAhitya aura kalA kI unnati vaise hI kaThina hotI hai, samrATa ke virodha ne usake vikAsa ke sabhI avasara samApta kara diye| isa samaya janatA kA bauddhika aura naitika hrAsa ho rahA thaa| auraMgajeba kI saMkucita manovRti ne musalamAnoM meM yaha bhAvanA bhara dI thI ki unakI (29)

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mAtRbhUmi araba hI hai| araba aura phArasa kI saMskRti hI unakI saMskRti hai / "sAhityika likhA-par3hI ke lie bhAratIya bhASAoM ko kAma meM lAnA 18vIM zatAbdI ke bAda taka bhAratIya musalamAna apane lie apamAnajanaka samajhate the 132 vilAsitA kA tatva mug2ala samrAToM ke anukaraNa para unake amIroM aura sAmantoM se hotA huA jana sAmAnya meM vyApta ho gayA thaa| ataH sAhitya meM bhI usakI abhivyakti huI / kavi apane AzrayadAtAoM ke aizvarya tathA vilAsapUrNa krIr3AoM kA atiraMjita varNana karanA hI kavi karma samajhane lage / kavitA tathA kalA vilAsaparaka jIvana kA uddIpana mAtra banakara raha gaI / vilAsI zAsakoM kI pariSadoM meM abhijAta varga ke sAmantoM kA abhAva ho gayA thaa| darjI, nAI, mahAvata, bhiztI jaise nimna bauddhika stara ke vyakti unake vizvAsapAtra bana gae the, ataH inhIM kI ruci ke anusAra kAvya tathA anya kalAoM kA vikAsa huaa| sAhitya aura dharma kA gaThabaMdhana prAcInakAla se hotA AyA hai| isa samaya vaiSNava dharma aneka vikRtiyoM se otaprota ho cukA thA, vilAsitA kA tatva dharma ke kSetra meM bhI praveza pA cukA thaa| maMdiroM aura maThoM meM devadAsiyoM ke mAdaka gAyana evaM nRtya se bhagavAna kI mUrtiyoM ke nAma para maThAdhIzoM kA manoraMjana hotA thaa| ataH sAhitya meM bhI kRSNa aura rAdhA, sAmAnya nAyaka aura nAyikA banakara raha gae the| vastutaH tatkAlIna kaviyoM ne apanI vAsanAtmaka abhivyakti ko rAdhA aura kRSNa ke nAma se saMyukta kara usa para bhakti bhAvanA athavA dhArmikatA kA AvaraNa DAla denA cAhA hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne isa yuga ko rItikAla kI saMjJA dI hai 'kyoMki isa yuga ke kaviyoM ne saMskRta ke kAvya-prakAza, caMdrAloka, sAhityadarpaNa jaise lakSaNa graMthoM kI rIti para hI rasa, alaMkAra, nAyikA bheda Adi kAvyAMgoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| unhoMne isa yuga ke kaviyoM ko do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA - rItibaddha kavi aura rItimukta kavi / kintu, kAlAntara meM isa bAta kA anubhava kiyA gayA ki rItikAla nAma isa yuga kI pramukha pravRti kA pratinidhitva karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| ataH DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA ne isa meM kAvya ke kalApakSa kI puSTatA kI ora saMketa karate hue ise 'kalA - kAla' kI saMjJA dI aura paM0 vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne isake varNya viSaya meM zrRMgAra rasa atireka ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue zrRMgAra- kAla ke nAma se abhihita kiyA / (30)

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unhoMne isa kAla ke kaviyoM kA vibhAjana tIna vargoM meM kiyA, lakSaNa granthoM ke anukaraNa para racanA karane vAle AcArya kezava, matirAma, deva, padmAkara Adi rIti baddha kavi, rItibaddhatA kI upekSA karane vAle kintu phira bhI usase prabhAvita bihArI jaise rItisiddha kavi aura isake prabhAva se mukta, rasakhAna, ghanAnaMda, ThAkura bhUSaNa jaise rItimukta kvi| isa prakAra adhikatara tatkAlIna kavi prema aura zrRMgAra kI isa saritA meM AkaMTha magna ho rahe the| zrRMgAra rasa kA atireka, prakRti kA uddIpana rUpa meM citraNa, bhAvapakSa kI apekSA kalApakSa kI utkRSTatA tatkAlIna hindI kAvya kI kucha vizeSatAeM thiiN| usa samaya nArI kevala "bhogyA" hI raha gaI thI, nAyikA bheda aura nakhazikhavarNana ke rUpa meM usake eka eka aMga kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke sambandha meM bhI eka kiMvadaMtI pracalita hai| kahA jAtA hai ki prasiddha hindI kavi kezavadAsa ne apanI racanA 'rasikapriyA' bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko samAlocanArtha bhejI thI, taba unhoMne usa para apanI sammati likha bhejii| yadyapi kezava tathA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI samakAlInatA sambhava nahIM hai tathApi unake pazcAt jaba bhI rasikapriyA 'bhaiyA' kI dRSTi meM AI taba hI unhoMne apane vicAra isa sambandha meM prakaTa kiye "bar3I nIta laghu nIta karata hai, bAya sarata badaboya bhrii|| phoDA bahuta phunagaNI maMDita, sakala deha mana roga drii|| zoNita hADa mAMsa maya mUrata, tApara rIjhata gharI ghrii|| aisI nAri nirakhi kara kezava? 'rasikapriyA' tuma kahA krii||''33 'rasikapriyA' meM varNita nArI kA rUpa dekhakara kavivara 'bhaiyA' kA hRdaya hA-hAkAra kara utthaa| nArI kA itanA ghRNita rUpa! hAya kezava! yaha tumane kyA kiyA? kyA nArI zarIra kI yahI sArthakatA hai! isa prakAra usa kAla meM hindI ke adhikAMza kaviyoM kI vANI vilAsa vaibhava kI madirA pAnakara besudha ho uThI thI kintu sAtha hI kucha kavi aise bhI the jo zRMgAra rasa kI saritA meM na bahakara apane ko taTastha kiye hue the, kavivara bhUSaNa chatrapati zivAjI ke zaurya tathA mugaloM para unake AtaMka kA varNana kara rahe the aura lAla kavi ne mahArAja chatrasAla kA jaya jayakAra kiyaa| inake atirikta jaina kaviyoM dvArA bhI paryApta mAtrA meM kAvya kA sRjana kiyA jA rahA thA jisako hindI sAhitya ke itihAsakAroM ne jAnane kI tathA itihAsa meM sthAna dene kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM smjhii| ye kavi AdhyAtmika Ananda (31)

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meM lIna hokara kAvya sAdhanA kara rahe the| svayaM auraMgajeba ke rAjyakAla (samvat 1715-1764 vi0) meM hI aneka jaina kavi hue| jinaharSa (racanAkAla saM0 1713-1738 vi0), acalakIrti (saM0 1715 vi0), jodharAja godIkA (saM0 1724 vi0), jagatarAma (saM0 1722-1730 vi0), jinaraMgasUri (saM0 1731 vi0) bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa (racanAkAla saM0 17311755 vi0), ziromaNidAsa (racanAkAla saM0 1732 vi0), dyAnatarAya (janma saM0 1733, sAhityika kAla saM0 1780 vi0) jinakI pUjAeM AratiyAM aura pada atyadhika lokapriya haiM, vidyAsAgara (racanAkAla saM0 1734-1755 vi0), bulAkIdAsa . (racanAkAla saM0 1737-1754 vi0), khetala (racanAkAla saM0 1743-1755 vi0), vinodIlAla (racanAkAla saM0 1750 vi0) auraMgajeba ke rAjyakAla meM hI hue haiN| vinodIlAla kA ullekha to mizrabandhu vinoda meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa jaina kavi ne bhI auraMgajeba kI prazaMsA kI hai| jaina kaviyoM ke dvArA auraMgajeba kI prazaMsA bhI eka vicAraNIya prazna hai tathA yaha bhI eka Azcarya kI bAta hai ki auraMgajeba ke itane anyAya aura damana ko sahakara bhI kisI kavi kI vANI ne roSa Akroza athavA nairAzya ko svara nahIM diyaa| kyA janamAnasa ina bhAvanAoM se zUnya thA? athavA koI bhI kavi apane yuga kA saccA pratinidhitva nahIM kara sakA? mujhe to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kabhI-kabhI ghora nairAzya kI sthiti meM mAnava hRdaya palAyanavAdI ho jAtA hai| ata: apane yuga kI vibhISikAoM kI ora se mukha pherakara kucha to yuga ke pravAha ke sAtha-sAtha zRMgAra kI saritA meM magna hone lage aura kucha taTastha hokara AdhyAtmika rasa meM lIna ho gye| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tatkAlIna rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, dhArmika tathA sAhityika, paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke sAhitya kA sparza nahIM kara paayaa| yadi una para koI prabhAva hai to kevala itanA ki unhoMne abhivyakti kI kucha camatkArapUrNa zailiyoM ko apanAyA hai jaise antarlApikA, bahirlApikA, citrakAvya aadi| isake atirikta yatra-tatra unhoMne apane samaya kI paristhiti vizeSa kA saMketa mAtra de diyA hai| samaya ke pravAha meM na bahakara lIka se haTakara calanA, virala mahAna puruSoM kI hI sAmarthya hotI hai| jisa samaya janamAnasa vilAsa zRMgAra aura azlIlatA ke sAgara meM AkaMTha magna ho rahA thA, kaviyoM kI vANI nArI ke nakha zikha varNana meM hI ulajhakara raha gaI thI, deva jaise kavi 'jogaha taiM kaThina saMjoga paranArI ko 34 kA rAga alApa rahe (32)

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the aura bihArI jaise kavi 'priya milana ke sammukha mukti ke muMha meM dhUla*35 DAla rahe the usa samaya sarasvatI kA yaha putra saMsAra ko 'dhUmana ke dhaurahara'36 ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura batAkara isase mukti rUpI zivanArI ke varaNa kI aneka yuktiyAM khoja rahA thaa| isa sabako dekhakara unake kAvya kA mahatva aura adhika ho jAtA hai| sAMsArikatA evaM vilAsitA kI AMdhI meM bhI hamArI adhyAtma pradhAna saMskRti ko akSuNNa banAe rakhane kA zreya aise hI kucha mahAna vyaktiyoM ko hai| saMdarbha evaM TippaNiyA~ 1. yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba ke upAkhyAna, pR0 saM0 6 tathA 19. 2. DaoN0 nagendra, rItikAla kI bhUmikA, pR0 saM0 1. 3. DaoN0 AzIrvAdI lAla zrIvAstava, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 641. 4. yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba, pR0 saM0 399. 5. "mere nirjana maidAnoM tathA jaMgaloM meM senA sahita kUca karate rahane ke kAraNa mere bahuta se vizrAma priya adhikArI, jo apane mAtA-pitA se bhI asantuSTa rahate haiM, mere isa udhAra ke jIvana kI samApti kI kAmanA karate haiN|" -sara yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba ke upAkhyAna, (upAkhyAna saM0 11) pR0 saM0 48. 6. sara yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba ke upAkhyAna, pR0 saM0 11. 7. DaoN0 AzIrvAdIlAla, zrIvAstava, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 638. 8. DaoN AzIrvAdIlAla, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 712. 9. DaoN0 AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstava, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 665. 10. yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba, pR0 saM0 408. 11. DaoN0 nagendra, hindI kA vRhat itihAsa, SaSTha bhAga pR0 saM0 7. 12. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTotarI, pR0 saM0 41. 13. yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba, pR0 saM0 405. 14. vahI, pR0 saM0 408. 15. DaoN kAlikA raMjana kAnUnago, dArozikoha, pR0 saM0 151. 16. DaoN0 nagendra, hindI sAhitya kA vRhata itihAsa, SaSTha bhAga, pR0 saM0 10. 17. sara yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba, pR0 saM0 413. (33)

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18. DaoN0 AzIrvAda lAla zrIvAstava, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 625. 19. "nRpati jahAM rAjai aurNg| jAkI AjJA bahai abhNg|| ItibhIti vyApai nahiM koy| yaha upakAra nRpati ko hoy||" --bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, graMthakartA paricaya, chaM saM0 3. 20. DaoN premasAgara jaina, jaina zodha aura samIkSA, pR0 saM0 153. 21. yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba, pR0 saM0 140. 22. vahI, pR0 saM0 150. 23. sara yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba ke upAkhyAna, pR0 saM0 9,10. 24. DaoN0 AzIrvAda lAla zrIvAstava, bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 637. 25. DaoN0 tArAcanda, hindustAna ke nivAsiyoM kA itihAsa, (1949 I0 vAlA saMskaraNa) pR0 saM0 234. 26. yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba, pR0 saM0 427. 27. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, mohabhramASTaka, chaM0 saM0 5. 28. DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa kI dRSTi, khaMDa 2, 9 saM0 511. 29. DaoN0 nagendra, hindI sAhitya kA vRhata itihAsa, SaSTha bhAga, pR0 saM0 15. 30. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, subuddhi caubIsI, chaM0 saM0 10. 31. DaoN nagendra, hindI sAhitya kA vRhata itihAsa, SaSTha bhAga, pR0 saM0 7. 32. yadunAtha sarakAra, auraMgajeba, pR0 saM0 425. 33. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, supaMtha kupaMtha pacosikA, chaM0 saM0 19. 34. vidyAratna paM0 mUlacanda vatsala sAhitya zAstrI, eka sarala kavi (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), anekAnta, pharavarI san 1944 I0, pR0 saM0 257. 35. "jo na jugati piya milana, dhUri mukati muha diin| jo lahiye saMga sajana, tai dharaka naraka hUM kiin||" -kavivara bihArI, bihArI-ratnAkara, do0 saM0 75. 36. 'dhUmana ke dhaurahara dekha kahA garva karai, ye to china mAhi jAhiM pauna parasata hii|' -bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNyapacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 17. 37. 'bhaiyA vinavahiM baarNbaaraa| cetana ceta bhalI avtaaraa|| vai dUlaha zivarAnI vrnaa| ete para etA kyA krnaa||' - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, naMdIzvara dvIpa kI jayamAlA, chaM) saM0 25.. (34)

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adhyAya -3 kRtiyoM kA paricaya rUpaka kAvya sAhitya meM rUpaka zabda kA prayoga aneka rUpoM meM hotA hai| "rUpaka ke hamAre sAhityazAstra meM do artha haiM, eka to sAdhAraNataH samasta dRzya-kAvya ko rUpaka kahate haiM, dUsare rUpaka eka sAmyamUlaka alaMkAra kA nAma hai, jisameM prastuta para aprastuta kA abheda Aropa rahatA hai| ina donoM se bhinna rUpaka kA tIsarA artha bhI hai jo apekSAkRta adhunAtana artha hai aura isa navIna artha meM rUpaka aMgrejI ke 'eligarI' kA paryAya hai| 'eligarI' eka prakAra ke kathA rUpaka ko kahate haiN| isa prakAra kI racanA meM prAyaH eka dvayarthaka kathA hotI hai jisakA eka artha pratyakSa aura dUsarA gUr3ha hotA hai| hamAre yahA~ isa prakAra kI racanA ko prAyaH 'anyokti' kahA jAtA thaa| jAyasI ke padmAvata ke lie AcArya zukla ne isI zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| rUpaka ke isa navIna artha meM vAstava meM saMskRta ke rUpaka aura anyokti donoM alaMkAroM kA yoga hai| isameM jahA~ eka ora sAdhAraNa artha ke atirikta eka anya artha-gUDhArtha rahatA hai, vahA~ aprastuta artha kA prastuta artha para zleSa, sAmya Adi ke AdhAra para abheda Aropa bhI rahatA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki rUpaka-alaMkAra meM jahA~ prAyaH eka vastu kA dUsarI vastu para abheda Aropa hotA hai, vahA~ kathA-rUpaka meM eka kathA kA dUsarI para abheda Aropa hotA hai| vahA~ eka kathA prastuta aura dUsarI aprastuta rahatI hai| prastuta kathA sthUla, bhautika ghaTanAmayI hotI hai aura aprastuta sUkSma saiddhAntika hotI hai| ..... isa prakAra, isa viziSTa artha meM rUpaka se tAtparya eka aisI dvayarthaka kathA se hai jisameM kisI saiddhAntika aprastutArtha athavA anyArtha kA prastuta artha para abheda Aropa rahatA hai| paMDita paramAnanda zAstrI ke anusAra amUrtabhAvoM ko mUrta rUpa meM citraNa karanA hI rUpAtmaka sAhitya hai| hRdaya-sthita amUrtabhAva itane sUkSma aura adRzya hote haiM ki unakA indriyoM dvArA sAkSAtkAra nahIM ho paataa| parantu jaba unheM rUpaka upamA ke sAMce meM DhAlakara mUrtarUpa diyA jAtA hai taba indriyoM dvArA unakA sajIva rUpa meM (35)

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pratyakSIkaraNa athavA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| unhoMne isa prakAra ke kAvya kA prayojana manuSyoM ko AtmasAdhanA kI ora agrasara karanA hI mAnA hai kyoMki rAgI aura viSaya vAsanAoM meM rata AtmAoM para vaise koI prabhAva aMkita nahIM hotaa| zrI nemicandra jaina zAstrI ne bhI AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvyoM kA uddezya jJAna aura kriyA dvArA duHkha kI nivRtti dikhAkara lokakalyANa kI pratiSThA karanA mAnA hai| vastutaH rUpaka kAvya meM gUDha sUkSma aura nIrasa siddhAntoM ko kathAtmaka zailI meM prastuta karake rocaka aura sarasa banA diyA jAtA hai, jaise-kunaina kI kaTutikta golI zarkarA ke AvaraNa meM madhura bana jAtI hai| hindI sAhitya koza ke anusAra rUpaka kathA ke cAra bheda dRSTigata hote (1) isameM pAtra bhAvanAoM, vicAroM yA sUkSma azarIrI tatvoM ke mAnavIkRta rUpa hote haiM jaise saMskRta meM prabodha candrodaya, moharAja praajy| prasAda kA 'kAmanA' nATaka bhI isI prakAra kA hai| aisI rUpaka kathA meM caritra-citraNa, ghaTanAoM kI yojanA Adi meM yathArthatA yA svAbhAvikatA nahIM hotii| (2) isameM pAtra mAnavIkRta to nahIM hote para pratIkAtmaka avazya hote haiN| prakRti bhAvanA yA sUkSma tatva kA nAma hI pAtra kA nAma hotA hai| aisI rUpaka kathA meM pAtra hI nahIM adhikAMza ghaTanAeM aura varNya vastueM bhI pratIkAtmaka yA sAMketika hotI haiN| (3) isameM pAtra mAnavetara prANI yA jar3a padArtha hote haiN| ve pAtra mAnava bhASA bolate, samajhate aura bAtacIta karate dikhAI par3ate haiN| paMcataMtra aura Isapa kI pazu kathAeM (Beast Fables) aisI hI haiN| prasAda ke 'eka cUMTa' tathA paMta ke 'jyotsanA' nATaka meM aisI hI rUpaka kathAeM haiN| (4) jisameM pAtra aura ghaTanAeM sabhI yathArtha aura svAbhAvika hotI haiM parantu usakA samagra prabhAva gUDhArtha vyaMjaka aura sAMketika hotA hai| pUrI kathA mAnava jIvana se sambandhita kisI sUkSma satya yA mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA kI ora saMketa karatI pratIta hotI hai| yaha saMketa pUrI kathA ke samanvita prabhAva meM adhika pratiphalita hotA hai, kathA ke avayavoM meM utanA nhiiN| jAyasI ke 'padmAvata' tathA prasAda ke 'kAmAyanI' isI koTi ke kAvya haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya meM rUpaka paramparA atyaMta prAcIna hai| arUpa ko rUpa dekara vicAroM aura bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane kI paramparA sAhitya meM AdikAla se calI A rahI hai| vaidika aura paurANika kAla kA sAhitya isI (36)

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prakAra ke kathA-rUpakoM se bharA huA hai| rUpakoM kI gauravazAlI paramparA ko dekhakara 'bevara' Adi vidvAnoM ne rAmAyaNa ke prathama zloka ko usakA sAra mAnate hue use bhI zreSTha rUpaka mAnA hai "mA niSAda pratiSThAm tvamagamaH zAzvatI smaaH| yatkrauMca mithunAde kamavadhI kaammohitm||" yahA~ badhika rAvaNa aura krauMca yugala rAma aura sItA ko mAnA gayA hai| saMskRta meM paMcataMtra kI kathAeM tathA pAlI meM bauddha jAtaka kathAeM bhI rUpaka sAhitya ke hI antargata AtI haiN| __ jaina sAhitya meM saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASAoM meM rUpaka sAhitya kI samRddha paramparA rahI hai| saMskRta meM paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ke anusAra sarvAdhika prAcIna rUpaka kAvya saM0 962 meM siddhArthI dvArA racita 'upamiti bhava prapaMca kathA' hai tatpazcAt AcArya amita gati ke dvArA dharmaparIkSA, nAgadeva ke dvArA madanaparAjaya, prabodhacandrodaya, mohaparAjaya, jJAnasUryodaya nATaka Adi rUpaka graMtha likhe gaye / prAkRta meM kavivara jayarAma dvArA dhamma parivajA tathA apabhraMza meM lAbhaprabhAcArya dvArA kumArapAla-pratibodha (racanAkAla saM0 1241) kavi haradeva dvArA mayaNa parAjaya (madanaparAjaya) kavi pAhala dvArA manakarahA tathA kavi vUcirAja dvarA madanajuddha haiN| hindI sAhitya meM madhyayuga meM nirguNasantoM ne rahasyAtmaka uktiyoM ke lie rUpaka-paramparA ko hI apnaayaa| padmAvata meM laukika prema dvArA pAralaukika prema kA saMketa diyA gayA hai| kabIra kA kAvya bhI rahasyamaya rUpakoM se bharA huA hai| hindI jaina kaviyoM ne bhI sundara AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai jinameM kavivara banArasIdAsa kRta samayasAra nATaka, teraha kAThiyA, adhyAtma hiMDolanA hai tathA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kRta cetanakarma caritra, madhubiMduka caupAI, paMcendriya-saMvAda Adi atyAdhika prasiddha haiM jinakA paricaya yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| (1) zataaSTottarI prastuta racanA meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne eka saMkSipta kathAnaka ke mAdhyama se Atmatatva kA sampUrNa jJAna antanirhita kara diyA hai| bhakti bhAvanA se ota-prota hokara kavi ne sarvaprathama paMca parameSThI-arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu ke pratIka cinha oMkAra kI vaMdanA kI hai, tatpazcAt una SaTa (37)

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dravyoM para vicAra kiyA hai jinase jaina darzana ke anusAra sampUrNa sRSTi nirmita hai| ve SaTa dravya haiM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kaal| inameM se kevala jIva dravya hI cetanAyukta hotA hai| usameM ananta jJAna evaM ananta zakti aMtarnihita hotI hai kintu vaha svayaM hI apane usa svarUpa se anabhijJa rahatA hai| anAdi kAla se jIva karma rUpI mala se saMyukta hokara isI ajJAnAvasthA meM saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai| vaha svayaM ko zarIra rUpa hI samajhatA hai ataH pAMcoM indriyoM - sparza, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu tathA karNa kI sukha sAdhanA meM rata rahatA hai jo use antataH vinAza ke garta meM girAne vAlI siddha hotI haiN| phira bhI vaha zarIra sukha meM rata tathA rAgadveSa Adi bhAvanAoM meM lipta rahatA hai| kavi ne eka rUpaka ke sahAre jIva aura usakI isa ajJAnAvasthA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| kAyA rUpI nagarI meM jIva rUpI rAjA rAjya karatA hai| vaha apanI eka rAnI mAyA para bahuta anurakta hai| rAjA cetana ne deha rUpI nagara kA ucita prabandha karane ke lie moha ko senApati (phaujadAra) krodha ko kotavAla, lobha ko maMtrI (vajIra) banAyA hai, kintu ye loga usa nagara kI ucita vyavasthA karane ke sthAna para use lUTa-lUTa kara zAsana vyavasthA ko asta-vyasta kara rahe haiN| usakI dUsarI rAnI subuddhi use saceta karanA cAhatI hai, ataH madhura zabdoM meM rAjA cetana ko prabodhate hue vaha kahatI hai ki dAsiyoM (indriyoM) ke sAtha krIr3A karate hue tumheM kitanA samaya bIta gayA hai, Aja bhI tumheM sudhi nahIM aaii| inake samparka ke kAraNa hI to tumane aneka kaSTa sahe haiM, mujhe to atyaMta kheda hotA hai ki sampUrNa jJAna ke svAmI hokara bhI tuma itane ajJAnI bane hue ho| subuddhi rAnI prazna karatI hai- tuma kauna ho, kahA~ se Aye ho kisake raMga meM raMge hue ho, kisane tumheM bhramita kiyA hai- tumheM kucha sudha bhI hai ? una dinoM kA smaraNa karoM jo tumane anAdi kAla se kaSTa sahate hue vyatIta kie haiM, tuma to svayaM hI sarvajJa ho yaha kisane tumheM bhramita kiyA hai ki tuma tIna loka ke svAmI hokara bhI itane dIna hIna bane hue ho| tumane anAdi kAla se ajJAna aura moha kI madirA ko pI rakhA hai, indriyoM kI sukha sAdhanA meM hI sukha mAna rahe ho kintu jJAna kI dRSTi se dekho to yahI duHkha kA kAraNa hai| pudgala paramANu se nirmita yaha zarIra to vinAzazIla hai aura tuma avinAzI ho phira tuma aura yaha ekarUpa kaise ho sakate hai tathA isakI jaya parAjaya meM hI apanI jaya aura parAjaya mAna rahe ho, yaha tumane kaisA mArga grahaNa kiyA hai| isa deha rUpI kyArI (38)

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kA anokhApana dekhoM! isameM bote kucha aura hai aura upajatA kucha aura hai| paMcAmRta rasa se isakA bharaNa poSaNa karate haiM kintu rudhira aura asthiyA~ nirmita hotI haiM, phira bhI kucha bharosA nahIM, kaba naSTa ho jAye taba bhI tuma use saccA mAne baiThe ho| sumati rAnI use saceta karate hue kahatI haiM ki cetana, anAdi kAla se tuma sote cale A rahe ho, aisI nIMda kauna sotA hai? "cetana nIMda bar3I tuma lInI, aisI nIMda leya nahIM koy|" bar3I kaThinAI se yaha nara janma tumane pAyA hai, yaha to ciMtAmaNi tumhAre hAtha A gaI hai, aba to A~kheM kholo jaise tila meM tela, phUla meM sugandhi basI hotI hai vaise hI tumhAre bhItara Izvaratatva (sarvajJatA aura sarvazaktimattA) vidyamAna haiN| kavi rAnI sumati ke mAdhyama se jIva ko bhA~ti-bhA~ti se prabodhatA hai| cetanA se yukta hokara bhI tuma acetana bane hue ho saceta kyoM nahIM hote| aura jaba yaha jIva saceta ho jAtA hai, taba saba kucha parivartita ho jAtA hai, jJAna kA prakAza ho jAtA hai, moha ajJAna kA aMdhakAra miTa jAtA hai, bhava bhava ke baMdhana chUTa jAte haiM, vaha samyagdRSTi jIva paMkaja ke svabhAva ko dhAraNa kara letA hai arthAt paMka meM rahate hue bhI kamala usase asampRkta rahatA hai, usI prakAra vaha zuddha samyagdRSTi jIva sva aura pudgala ke antara ko jAna letA hai aura pudgala (zarIra) kI prIti chor3a rAgadveSa ke baMdhana tor3a UrdhvagAmI hotA hai| jJAnadazA ke prApta hote hI pUrvakRta karmabaMdhana aise hI chUTa jAte haiM jaise tArkSya (garur3a) ko dekhate hI sarpa aMtardhAna ho jAtA hai isIliye kavi bAraMbAra jIva ko saceta karanA cAhatA hai| eka sau ATha kavitta, savaiyA, kuMDaliyA, dohA, soraThA Adi chaMdoM meM baddha isa racanA meM kavi ne jaina darzana ke gUDha siddhAntoM ko sarasa evaM rocaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai| (2) cetana karmacaritra prastuta racanA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kA sarvazreSTha AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya hai| kathA isa prakAra hai- cetana rUpI rAjA anAdi kAla se caturgati (manuSya, deva, tiryaMca aura naraka) rUpI zaiyA para so rahA hai zubhakarma kA udaya hone para usakI nidrA khulatI hai to vaha dekhatA hai ki anAdi kAla se jar3a padArtha karma mere sAtha saMyukta haiM, usake mana meM unheM jAnane kI jijJAsA hotI hai, usakI do rAniyAM haiM subuddhi aura kubuddhi| rAnI subuddhi kahatI hai ki tumhAre saMga balavAna yoddhA karmazatru lage hue haiN| rAjA inase mukti kA upAya pUchatA (39)

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hai| rAnI subuddhi batAtI hai ki yA to nija svarUpa kA cintana karo yA bhagavAna kA bhjn| itanA sunakara cetana rAjA to mauna ho gayA kintu dUsarI patnI kubuddhi kruddha hokara bolI ki yaha kulakSayanI nArI kauna hai? maiM rAjA moha kI putrI huuN| rAjA cetana ke mukha para smita kI eka rekhA khiMca gaI, bole-"aba merA hRdaya uttama guNoM kI khAna isa subuddhi nArI para anurakta ho gayA hai, tumase mujhe aba sneha nahIM hai|" rAjA kA spaSTa evaM kaTu uttara sunakara kubuddhi rAnI apane pitA rAjA moha ke pAsa calI gii| pitA ne use sAMtvanA dete hue kahA- 'beTI, tuma mana meM dukhI mata ho, maiM rAjA cetana ko baMdhavAkara abhI tumhAre pAsa bulAtA huuN| taba rAjA moha ne dautya karma meM nipuNa kAma kumAra ko bulAkara rAjA cetana ke pAsa bhejA ki usase jAkara kaho ki anyAyI aura adharmI rAjA tUne vivAhitA patnI ko kyoM tyAga diyA hai ? yA to Akara usase kSamA mAMgo anyathA hamase yuddha karane ko taiyAra ho jaao|' dUta ke dvArA rAjA cetanarAya kA do TUka uttara-'aba yAko hama paraseM nAhiM, nijabala rAja kareM jagamAhiM' sunakara rAjA moha krodha se bhara uThA aura senApati lobha ko sainya dala taiyAra kara rAjA cetanarAya ko gherakara baMdI banAne kA Adeza diyaa| usake mantrI rAga aura dveSa ne bhI paraspara parAmarza kara cetanarAya ko parAjita karane ke aneka upAya sujhaaye| jIva ke jJAna guNa ko Avata karane vAle jJAnAvaraNa (karma) ne kahA ki mere pAsa pAMca prakAra kI senAeM haiN| (dekhiye pariziSTa karma ke antargata) jinakA AkramaNa hote hI manuSya apane Atma jJAna ko bhUla jAtA hai| darzanAvaraNa ne kahA ki mere prabhAva se manuSya moha meM aMdhA hokara samyak buddhi kho detA hai| isI prakAra mohinI, nAma, gotra, Ayu, vedanIya aura antarAya nAma ke saradAroM (aSTakarma) ne bhI apanI-apanI vizeSatAeM btaaii| isa prakAra rAjA moha ne apane samasta zUravIroM ko ekatra kiyA aura apanI apAra zakti dekhakara aTTahAsa karane lagA, yuddha kI taiyAriyAM ho gaI aura rAga tathA dveSa ko agrima morce para niyukta kara rAjA moha kI senA Anandamagna hotI huI raNakSetra kI ora clii| idhara rAjA cetanarAya ne guptacaroM ke mAdhyama se jaba rAjA moha ke AkramaNa kI sUcanA prApta kI to usane bhI apane samasta zUravIroM ko ekatra kiyaa| jJAna ne kahA ki 'rAjana nirbhaya hokara yuddha kIjiye aura moha kA garva cUra kIjiye, vijaya nizcaya hI hamArI hai|" rAjA cetanarAya ne jJAna ko Adeza diyA ki apanA sainyadala sjaao| darzana caritra, sukha vIrya, svabhAva, viveka, udyama, santoSa, dhairya, satya, upazama Adi kitane hI subhaTa yoddhA ekatra (40)

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ho gye| jJAna kahane lagA ki moha kI itanI zakti hI kahA~ hai jo usake liye itanI senA bhejI jaaye| kisI eka yoddhA ko bheja dIjiye jo use pakar3a kara laaye|'' jJAna ke isa kathana ko sunakara rAjA cetanarAya rAjA moha kI apAra zakti kA varNana karane lge| "moha mithyApura kA rAjA hai usake rAgadveSa nAmaka do maMtrI haiM saMzaya nAma kA usakA aTUTa gar3ha hai| viSaya tRSNA nAma kI bhAryAeM haiM krodha mAna, mAyA, lobha cAra (kaSAya, dekhiye pariziSTa) zuravIra senApati haiN| unake hAtha meM bhrama nAma kA cakra hai aura aneka kaThora evaM krUra bhAvoM ke acUka bANa haiN|" tatpazcAt rAjA cetanarAya ne yaha bhI batAyA ki rAjA moha ne mujhe bhrama meM DAlakara hI apanI kubuddhi nAmaka putrI kA vivAha mere sAtha kara diyA jisake samparka meM rahakara maiM anantakAla se caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM bhramaNa kara rahA huuN| maiMne usakI preraNA se kauna-kauna se kukarma nahIM kiye ? isI ne mujhe jar3a zarIra kA nareza banA diyaa| jJAna ne kahA he rAjA cetanarAya ApakI zakti bhI kucha kama nahIM hai, sukhasamAdhi nAma kA ApakA vizAla deza hai, abhaya nAma kA ApakA gar3ha hai, sumati kSamA, karuNA, dhAraNA Adi sAta paTarAniyAM haiM dharma jaise uttama dhIra vIra bhrAtA haiM, adhyAtma jaisA putra hai| satya Adi aneka mitra aura zUravIra yoddhA Apake sAtha haiM, Apa kisI eka ko Adeza dIjiye jo sainya saMcAlana kre|" rAjA cetanarAya ne jJAna ko hI Adeza diyA ki tuma hamArA pratinidhitva karo kyoMki "hama tuma meM kucha antara nAhi, tuma hama meM hama haiM tuma maahiN| jaise sUraja dyuti ko dhare teja sakala sUrya dyuti kre| xxxxx tuma to saba vidhi ho guNa bhare para ari se kabahU~ nahI lre| tAteM tuma rahiyoM huziyAra yuddha bar3e ari se nirdhaar|" tumane abhI taka kisI se yuddha nahIM kiyA hai, ata: bahuta sAvadhAna rahane kI AvazyakatA hai|" bahuta vicAra vinimaya ke pazcAta jJAnadeva ke senApatitva meM cetanarAya kI senA ne aura kAmadeva ke senApatitva meM rAjA moha kI senA ne yuddha kSetra kI ora prayANa kiyaa| yuddha ke nagAr3e bajane lage, zUravIroM ke zarIra me jAgRti A gii| usI samaya jJAna ne viveka nAmaka dUta ko eka bAra punaH rAjA moha (41)

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ko samajhAne ke liye bhejA ki usase kahanA 'cetana kA pura chAMr3ade jo jIvana kI Asa' kintu rAjA moha kupita hokara bolA "tumheM lajjA nahIM AtI, anantakAla taka tuma caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM bhramate rahe, itane dinoM taka maiMne tumhArA pAlana-poSaNa kiyA, Aja mujhase yuddha kara rahe ho, mahA kRtaghnI duSTa maiM tuma sabako kSaNabhara meM dhUla meM milA duuNgaa|' viveka se rAjA moha kI uktiyAM sunakara jJAna ha~sA aura pUrNa utsAha se yuddha meM pravRtta huA / cetanarAya ke sainika saMyama kA kavaca dhAraNa kiye hue the bhayaMkara yuddha chir3a gayA, viveka ne dhyAna kA dhanuSa lekara aisA prahAra kiyA ki rAjA moha ke sAta mahatvapUrNa yoddhA - anantAnubaMdhI (tIvratama) krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, mithyAtva, samyaka mithyAtva tathA samyaka prakRti mithyAtva mUrchita hokara dharAzAyI ho gaye aura avrata pura (caturtha guNasthAna- dekhiye pariziSTa) rAjA moha ke adhikAra se nikala gyaa| sAtoM yoddhAoM kI mRtyu kA zoka manAte hue rAjA moha kI senA dezaviratapura ( paMcama guNasthAna) meM chipakara baiTha gaI ki avratapura para kisa prakAra adhikAra kareM / rAjA moha ne maMtra zakti se apanI senA ke sAtoM yoddhAoM ko jIvita kara liyA tathA sudar3ha karake punaH saMdezA bhejA aura donoM pakSoM ke madhya bhayaMkara yuddha hone lagA 91 " raNa siMge bajjahiM, kou na bhajjahi karahiM mahA dou juddha || ita jIva haMkArahiM, nijaparavArahiM, karahu arina ko rUddha / / ' moha ne rAga ke bANa khIMcakara jIva ko mAre, khaDga se pApa puNya ke vAra kiye, atidhyAna kA cakra hAtha meM le liyA aura jIva vItArAgatA ke bANoM se prahAra karatA huA, dharma dhyAna kI oTa lekara, dayAlutA kI DhAla para vAra bacAtA rhaa| yuddha meM cetanarAya kI vijaya huii| dezaviratapura meM rAjA cetana kA adhikAra ho gayA rAjA moha ne chala prapaMca se kAma liyaa| rAjA cetana kI senA meM apane kucha sainika chipA diye kintu phira bhI usakI eka na clii| rAjA cetana aneka nagaroM para vijaya prApta karatA huA navamapura (navam guNasthAna- anivRttikaraNa ) meM jA phuNcaa| aba rAjA moha kI senA paryApta mAtrA meM chinna-bhinna ho cukI thii| sUkSma sAmparAya nagara (dasavAM guNasthAna) meM pahu~cakara cetanarAya kI senA ne rAjA moha kA eka aura yoddhA lobha kumAra mAra giraayaa| upazAnta nagara (gyArahavAM guNasthAna) meM pahu~ca kara rAjA moha ke chipe huye sainikoM ko bhI hata kara diyA gyaa| aba rAjA moha zaktihIna hokara idhara-udhara chipane kA prayAsa (42)

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karane lgaa| dvAdaza nagara (kSINa kaSAya, bArahavAM guNasthAna) meM pahu~cakara rAjA cetana ne rAjA moha kA paTaka-paTaka kara anta kara diyaa| tatpazcAt vaha sayoga kevalI (terahavAM guNasthAna) ko pAra karate hue ayoga kevalI nagara (caudahaveM guNasthAna) meM pahu~cakara anantakAla ke liye niSkaMTaka aura akhaMDa rAjya karane lgaa| isa prakAra isa racanA meM apane vikAroM para vijaya prApta karate hue jIva ke mokSa taka pahu~cane meM saphala prayAsa ko atyaMta rocaka kathA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne darzana ke gUr3ha tathA nIrasa siddhAntoM ko jana-sAmAnya ke liye bhI kathA ke sarasa AvaraNa meM lapeTakara grAhya banA diyA hai| prastuta racanA 296 dohA, caupAI, soraThA, paddhari, karikhA, marahaThA, Adi chaMdoM meM baddha hai tathA isa kRti kI racanA kavi ke dvArA jyeSTha kRSNa saptamI guruvAra samvat 1736 ko kI gii| (3) guru ziSya caturdazI (praznottara) / isa laghu racanA meM kavi ne anyokti ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika tathyoM ko rocaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai| eka ziSya guru se kucha prazna karatA hai ki maiMne eka bahuta hI Azcarya kI bAta sunI hai ki eka nagara meM eka rAjA rahatA hai, jo zatruoM ke bIca chipA huA hai, vahA~ saba nIca loga rAjya karate haiM aura vaha unhIM ke adhIna hai| baMdI ke samAna hai| usane apanI pariNItA patnI ko tyAga diyA hai aura dAsI meM anurakta hai, kRpA karake batAiye ye saba kauna haiM ? taba guru usakA samAdhAna karate haiM, kAyA nagarI meM rAjA jIva hai kintu vahA~ aSTakarmoM kA hI jora hai| rAjA ne apanI kulanArI sumati ko to tyAga diyA hai aura ajJAna dAsI meM hI anurakta hai| kitane kheda kI bAta hai ki usane parAdhIna hokara apane svatva ko hI kho diyA hai "Apa parAye vaza pare, ApA DArayo khoy| Apa Apu na jAnahIM, kaho Apu kyoM hoy||" yaha racanA caudaha dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (4) madhubinduka caupAI madhubinduka caupAI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kA eka anya zreSTha AdhyAtmika rUpaka kathA kAvya hai| jIva anAdikAla se isa vizva meM bhramaNa kara rahA hai, vaha viSaya sukha ko hI saccA sukha mAne hue hai| indriyoM ke pralobhanoM kI (43)

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ghaTAoM ne AdhyAtmika cirantana satya ke sUrya ko AcchAdita kara liyA hai aura mAnava unameM itanA lipta hai ki unase mukta honA hI nahIM caahtaa| ise siddha karane ke liye kavi ne eka bhavya jIva (ve jIva jinameM mokSa prApti kI sAmarthya hai) ke paurANika AkhyAna kA Azraya liyA hai| eka dina eka munirAja ne eka prazna ke uttara meM eka kathA sunAI-"eka puruSa vana meM mArga bhUlakara bhaTaka gayA, mahA bhayAnaka araNya thA vaha, cAroM ora siMha kI garjanA thii| vaha idhara-udhara chipane kA prayAsa karane lagA itane meM eka unmatta gaja usakI ora daur3A, vaha eka vaTa vRkSa kI zAkha pakar3akara laTaka gyaa| nIce eka andhakUpa thA jisameM bhayaMkara ajagara mu~ha phailAye hue baiThA thA, cAroM konoM meM cAra nAga baiThe hue the, usane ghabarA kara Upara dekhA to do cUhe (eka kAlA, eka sapheda) usI zAkhA ko kATa rahe the jisa para vaha laTakA huA thaa| Upara eka madhumakkhiyoM kA chattA thaa| itane meM gaja Akara vRkSa ke tane ko jhakajhorane lagA, jisase madhumakkhiyoM kA samUha ur3akara puruSa ko kATane lagA aura sAtha hI chatte se madhu kI eka bUMda Tapaka kara usake mukha meM A giri, mAnava sabhI vipattiyoM ko bhUlakara madhu ke AsvAdana meM nimagna ho gyaa| daivayoga se usI samaya eka vidyAdhara yugala usI mArga se jA rahA thA, vipattigrasta isa manuSya ko dekha ve donoM Thahara gaye, patnI ke Agraha para vidyAdhara ne usakA upakAra karanA cAhA, kintu bAra-bAra sAvadhAna karane para bhI vaha manuSya yaha kahatA rahA basa yaha bUMda aura cakha lU~ phira cluuNgaa| abakI bAra maiM avazya A jaauuNgaa| "eka bUMda chattA so khirai| so abake mere mukha girai|| tAko abahI cakha srvNg| taba maiM calU~ tumhAre sNg|| jaba vaha bUMda darI mukha maahi| taba dUjI para mana llcaahi|" antataH vidyAdhara calA gyaa| ziSyoM ke kahane para anta meM munirAja isa dRSTAnta ko spaSTa karate haiM yaha saMsAra hI mahAvana hai jisameM bhavabhrama kUpa haiN| kAla hI gaja ke rUpa meM mAnava jIvana ko naSTa karane ke lie prayatnazIla hai| vaTa vRkSa kI zAkhA Ayu hai jise rAtri aura divasa rUpI do cUhe kATa rahe haiM, mAnava para maMDarAne vAlI madhumakkhiyA~ usake roga haiM, ajagara nigoda (dekhiye pariziSTa) hai to cAroM nAga cAra gatiyoM ke pratIka haiM, madhu kI bUMda viSaya vAsanAeM athavA sAMsArika sukha hai jisake AsvAdana meM munaSya lipta rahatA hai vidyAdhara sadaguru ke samAna haiN| isa prakAra kavi ne isa rUpaka kathA ke mAdhyama se saMsAra, kAla tathA (44)

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viSaya vAsanAoM ke madhya ulajhe hue jIva kI dazA ko vyakta kiyA hai| isa kAvya kA samApana samvata 1740 meM mArgazIrSa zukla pakSa kI dvAdazI bhaumavAra ko huaa| prastuta racanA 60 dohA caupAI aura soraThA chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (5) nATaka pacIsI isa prastuta racanA meM kavi ne jIva kA eka naTa (abhinayakartA) ke sAtha rUpaka bAMdhA hai| tIna loka nATya bhavana hai, isa nATyazAlA kA moha nidezaka hai aura jIva abhinetA hai| yaha jIva sAre saMsAra meM deva naraka tiryaMca tathA manuSya gati meM vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa karatA huA bhramaNa kara rahA hai| kabhI ekendriya sthAvara jIva kabhI vanaspati kAya Adi kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai to kabhI kisI pazu pakSI kA rUpa, kabhI manuSya rUpa meM svAMga karatA hai to kabhI deva rUpa meN| isa nATaka meM saba kucha abhinaya hI abhinaya hai, sAravastu kucha nahIM hai| prastuta racanA paccIsa dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (6) upAdAna nimitta saMvAda prastuta racanA meM kavi ne upAdAna aura nimitta ko do pAtroM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, donoM pAtra eka dUsare ke tarkoM kA khaMDana karake apanI-apanI mahattA ko sthApita karanA cAhate haiN| upAdAna se tAtparya AtmA kI zakti se hai aura nimitta bAhya saMyogoM ko kahate haiN| jisa prakAra dahI ke jamane meM dUdha upAdAna hai aura chAcha nimitt| nimitta kahatA hai ki binA mere AtmA kA uddhAra nahIM ho sktaa| arthAt jIva ko yadi sAdhu Adi guru athavA zAstroM kA samparka prApta na ho to usakA uddhAra nahIM ho sakatA "deva jinezvara guru yatI, aru jina Agama saar| ihi nimitta teM jIva saba, pAvata haiM bhava paar||" upAdAna nimitta ke isa tarka kA khaMDana kara detA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki yaha nimitta to jIva ko milate hI rahate haiM taba bhI jIva saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| pratyeka vyakti mokSa kyoM nahIM calA jaataa| nimitta apanI mahattA siddha karane ke liye aneka tarka prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai prakAza ke binA netra dekha nahIM pAte ataH prakAza dene vAle sUrya, soma maNi kA mahatva svataH siddha "sara soma maNi agni ke, nimitta lakhai ye nain| aMdhakAra meM kita gayo, upAdAna dRga dain||" (45)

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upAdAna nimitta ke isa tarka kA bhI khaMDana kara detA hai, kahatA hai "sUra so maNi agni jo, karai aneka prkaash| naina zakti bina na lakhai, aMdhakAra sama bhaas||" arthAt yadi netroM meM apanI nija kI zakti nahIM hai to kitanA hI prakAza kyoM na ho, netra dekha nahIM skte| isa prakAra upAdAna nimitta ke samasta tarkoM kA khaMDana kara zAstrArtha meM vijayI siddha ho jAtA hai, nimitta parAjita ho jAtA hai| / yadyapi upAdAna aura nimitta darzana ke kSetra kI vicAradhArA hai kintu kavi ne isako do pAtroM ke paraspara vAda-vivAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kara racanA meM paryApta rocakatA kA samAveza kara diyA hai| 47 dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha isa kRti kI racanA kavi ne AgarA nagara meM saMvat 1750 ke phAlguna ke prathama pakSa meM kii| (7) paMcendriya-saMvAda paMcendriya saMvAda bhI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA eka atyaMta sundara AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya hai| isameM pA~coM indriyoM tathA mana kA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| A~kha, nAka, kAna jihvA tathA sparzendriyAM paraspara saMlApa dvArA apanI mahattA kA varNana karatI haiN| pratyeka indriya dUsarI indriyoM ke mahatva kA nirAkaraNa aura tiraskAra tathA apanI gurutA kA pratipAdana karatI haiN| isakA kathAnaka isa prakAra Arambha hotA hai-eka dina eka suramya udyAna meM eka munirAja bhavya jIvoM ko dharma kA upadeza de rahe the, vyAkhyAna meM unhoMne kahA ki pA~coM indriyAM bahuta duSTa haiM, inako jitanA hI puSTa kiyA jAe utanA hI dukha detI haiN| isa para eka vidyAdhara indriyoM kA pakSa lekara kahane lagA ki indriyAM duSTa nahIM haiM, inakI bAta inhIM ke mukha se suna liijiye| pA~coM indriyAM bolIM "hamase hI to japa tapa aura saMyama niyama kA pAlana hotA hai aura AcaraNa kA nirvAha bhI hamAre dvArA hI hotA hai, Apa hameM doSa kyoM dete haiM ? munirAja jI ne kahA 'tuma meM se jo saradAra' arthAt pradhAna ho vaha apanI mahattA btaaye|" sarvaprathama nAka ne bolanA Arambha kiyA-maiM hI sabase bar3I hU~, nAka manuSya ke sammAna aura pratiSThA kI pratIka hai, usa hI bhAva ko lekara vaha kahatI hai ki "nAka kahai jagahU~ bar3oM, bAta suno saba koI re|| nAka rahe pata loka meM, nAka gaye pata khoI re||" (46) ,

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nAka aura pata arthAt pratiSThA yahA~ samAnArthI ho gaye haiN| nAka rakhane ke hetu hI bAhubalIjI ne rAjya tyAgakara dIkSA dhAraNa kI thI, rAma ne rAvaNa se yuddha kiyA thA, sItA ne agni meM praveza kiyA thaa| saMsAra ke gaMdha sambandhI sabhI prakAra ke Ananda mere dvArA prApta hote haiN| nAka kI isa Atma prazaMsA ko kAna sahana na kara sake, bole- "tU kyoM itanA abhimAna karatI hai ? jo naukara cAkara Age-Age calate haiM ve rAjA ke samAna nahIM ho jAte / tU itanI ghRNita hai ki tujhameM se rAta-dina zleSmA bahatI hai| terI chIMka kisI bhI uttama kAja meM bAdhaka bana jAtI hai| vRSabha aura nArI Adi jIvoM ko dekha! terA chedana kiyA jAtA hai taba bhI tujhe lAja nahIM AtI aura mujhe dekha, maiM jinendra bhagavAna kI vANI ko sadA citta lagAkara sunatA hU~ jisase jIva ko samyagdarzana kI prApti hotI hai| chahoM dravyoM ke guNa suna vizada jJAna ko dhAraNa maiM hI karatA huuN| neminAtha jI ne pazuoM kA karuNa krandana sunakara hI vivAha ke sthAna para vairAgya dhAraNa kara liyA thA, aura unakI bhaviSyavANI sunakara hI dvArikA bhasma hone se pUrva aneka jIva surakSita baca sake the| " kAna kI isa AtmazlAghA ko sunakara cakSu indriya bolI " mala kA samUha bhItara dhAraNa karake bhI tujhe lAja nahIM AtI aura itanA ahaMkAra karatA hai| tere barAbara to duSTa koI hai hI nahIM, tU hI burAI bhalAI sunakara pArasparika prema ko tor3a DAlatA hai aura rAga dveSa ko utpanna karatA hai| terI hI kRpA se bahudhA jIva naraka meM jAtA hai / isIliye to nara nArI ke kAnoM ko bedhA jAtA hai / kAnoM kI sunI bAta to prAyaH jhUThI hai kintu mere dvArA dekhI bAta meM koI saMzaya hI nahIM raha jaataa| mere mAdhyama se hI tIrthaMkaroM ke manohara rUpa ko dekhA jAtA hai| A~khoM se dekha kara hI siddhAnta granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai| " cakSu indriya kI Atma prazaMsA ko rasanA indriya aura na suna sakI, bola uThI- 'arI tujhe kAjala se raMjita hokara bhI lAja nahIM AtI ? itanA abhimAna karatI hai ? terI hI kRpA se sundara ramaNiyAM apane salone rUpa se sAdhu muniyoM ko bhraSTa karatI haiN| tere doSa kahA~ taka ginAe jAyeM ? aura maiM-maiM hI SaTsa vyaMjanoM kA svAda letI hU~ aura sAre parivAra ( zarIra ke) kA pAlanana-poSaNa maiM hI karatI huuN| mere binA na A~kha dekha sakatI hai na kAna suna sakate haiN| eka jihvA se hI saMsAra ko apanA mitra banAyA jA sakatA hai| jihavA se hI sAtoM svaroM kA gAyana tathA graMthoM kA paThana-pAThana sambhava hai| 44 (47)

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jihavA ke lAbha kahA~ taka ginAeM jAeM? "keMte jiya mukti gaye jI, jI mahi ke prsaad|| nAma kahA~ loM lIjiye jI, bhaiyA bAta anaadi||" rasanA kI bAta ko bIca hI meM kATakara sparzendriya bolI-itanA garva kyoM karatI hai? tere dvArA kahe gaye karkaza vacana hI rAjAoM meM paraspara yuddha karA dete haiM, tere avaguNoM kA to pAra hI nahIM hai,.. "to meM to avaguNa ghane, kahata na Avai paar|| to prasAda te sIsa ko, jAta na lAgai baar||" A~kha, nAka, kAna sabakA garva jhUThA hai| tuma sabako dhAraNa karane vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA to zaMkha yA mahAzaMkha hI hogI lekina maiM ananta jIvoM ko dhAraNa karatI huuN| tuma saba mere hI adhIna ho| binA mere tapa kiye mukti nahIM ho sakatI munirAja mere dvArA hI bAIsa parISaha sahate haiN| mere binA koI kriyA nahIM aura kriyA binA koI sukha nahIM ataH maiM hI saba meM mukhya huuN| taba hI mana bola uThA--"arI sparzendriya tU bahuta mUrkha hai jo jhUThA garva karatI hai, eka aMgula kA zarIra, taba bhI 96 veM rogoM se bharapUra rahatA hai| pA~ca pApoM (hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha) kA poSaNa tere hI dvArA hotA hai, terA kSaya hote kSaNa bhI nahIM lgtaa| ataH maiM hI sabase bar3A aura mahAna hU~ "mana rAjA mana cakri hai, mana sabako sirdaar|| __ mana so bar3oM na dUsaro, dekhyo ihi sNsaar||" pA~coM indriyoM tathA mana kA vAda-vivAda sunakara munirAja jI bole-mana! kyoM garva karatA hai? sarvAdhika pApI to tU hI hai| indriyA~ to sthira bhI rahatI haiM lekina tU to atyadhika caMcala hai, rAta dina idhara-udhara daur3atA rahatA hai kSaNa bhara ko bhI sthira nahIM hotA, karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa to tU hI hai| yadi tU paramAtmA kA dhyAna kare to saMsAra se pAra ho jAye aura paramAtmA vahI hai jisameM rAgadveSa kI bhAvanA nahIM hai| . indriyoM kI maitrI karake jIva janma maraNa Adi ke aneka du:kha sahatA huA bhava meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai, kabhI bhI chUTa nahIM paataa| indriyoM ke vaza hokara hI jIva saMkaTa meM par3a jAtA hai| bhauMrA nAka ke kAraNa kamala meM banda hokara tathA kAMToM meM biMdhakara mRga tathA ahi kAnoM ke kAraNa hI baMdhana meM par3akara, pataMga cakSu ke kAraNa agnizikhA meM jalakara isI bAta ko siddha karate haiN| ataH indriyoM ko vaza meM karake tathA cAroM kaSAya (krodha, mana, mAyA, (48)

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lobha) ko dUra karake mana ziva sukha sampati ko prApta kara sakatA hai aura isa bhava sAgara se pAra pA sakatA hai| hRdaya meM isa bAta kI anubhUti ki maiM zarIra nahIM hU~, maiM isase bhinna zuddha AtmA hU~ paramAtmApada kI prApti kA prathama caraNa hai| isa rUpaka kathA kAvya meM pA~coM indriyoM tathA mana ke vAda-vivAda aura saMvAda bahuta hI svAbhAvika aura rocaka haiN| pratyeka indriya kuzala tarkazIlA hai| kavi ne atyaMta manovaijJAnika varNana kiyA hai| prArambha meM sabhI indriyA~ eka haiM va samUha meM apanI mahattA batAtI haiM kintu munirAja ke yaha kahate hI ki tuma meM jo sabase pramukha hai vahI saba bAta kahe, saba indriyA~ apane Apako pradhAna siddha karane ke lie eka dUsare para doSAropaNa karane lgiiN| AkramaNa aura pratyAkramaNa hone lage, sabake doSa sAmane Ane lge| prastuta kAvya 152 dohA chaMdoM meM baddha hai| isakI samApti saMvat 1751 meM AgarA meM bhAdrapada sudI dvitIyA ko huI thii| (8) manabattIsI prastuta racanA meM kavi ne mana kI mahattA batAI hai| mAnava ke saba aMgoM meM mana hI sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai vahI saba tatvoM kA anusaMdhAtA hai, vahI brahma kA dhyAtA hai, vahI zivapada ko prApta karane vAlA hai| usake zuddha hote hI vaha saMsAra sAgara se pAra ho jAtA hai aura usake moha mAyA meM lIna hote hI jIva kI gati bigar3a jAtI hai| ata: kavi ne mana ko rAjA ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA hai| mana rUpI rAjA kI hI samasta karma, kaSAya Adi usakI senAeM haiM, indriyA~ usakI umarAva (saradAra) haiM, vaha rAta dina idhara-udhara daur3akara anyAya karatA aura karavAtA hai|10 jisane mana rUpI yoddhA ko jIta liyA vahI saMsAra meM vAstavika vijayI hai vahI mukti ko prApta karatA hai| mana ke samAna murkha bhI saMsAra meM aura koI nahIM hai jo sukha ke sAgara ko chor3akara viSaya ke vana meM bhaTakatA hai| chahoM khaMDa ke rAjAoM ko bhI jIta kara jisane apanA dAsa banA liyA kintu eka apane mana ko na jIta sakA vaha naraka kA du:kha sahatA hai| sampUrNa aizvarya ke madhya meM rahakara bhI manuSya virAgI raha sakatA hai aura eka raMka bhI saMsAra meM lipta raha sakatA hai kyoMki sArA mahatva bhAvanAoM kA hai, inase hI zubha-azubha karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai "bhAvanA hI tai baMdha hai, bhAvana hI taiM mukti| jo jAne gati bhAva kI, so jAnai yaha yukti|" (49)

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racanA ke aMta meM kavi ne bAhaya ADambaroM kI bhartsanA kI hai| tIrthATana se, nAma japane se, sira muMDAne se, gaMgA snAna se athavA kathA sunane se kyA hotA hai yadi mana vaza meM nahIM hai| isa prakAra isa kAvya meM mana ko rAjA ke samAna batAkara use sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa siddha kiyA gayA hai| prastuta kRti AgarA nagara meM kavi ke dvArA 34 dohA caupAI tathA arilla chaMdoM meM baddha kI gii| (9) svapna battIsI prastuta racanA meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ne darzana ke viSaya ko rUpaka kI zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne moha grasta jIva ko eka sote hae vyakti ke samAna batAyA hai aura saMsAra ko svapnavata batAyA hai mAnava svapna meM dekhI huI vastuoM ko satya samajhatA hai, unameM lipta ho jAtA hai kintu svapna ke TUTate hI vaha saMsAra bhI lupta ho jAtA hai| vaha itanI gahana moha-nidrA meM lIna hai ki yaha jAnate hue bhI ki isa saMsAra meM kucha hI dinoM ke lie rahanA hai phira bhI maiM aura tU-rAga aura dveSa kI pariNati meM par3akara apane lie saMsAra kA sRjana kara letA hai| nidrAvasthA meM prANI vAstavikatA ko nahIM dekha pAtA, jo kucha bhI vaha usa samaya dekhatA hai, asatya hotA hai kintu usa samaya satya sA pratIta hotA hai| yahI avasthA saMsAra meM manuSya kI hotI hai "A~kha mUMda khole kahA, jAgata koU naahi|| sovata saba saMsAra hai, mohagahalatA maahi||" sArA saMsAra hI moha rUpI nidrA meM lIna hai, isaliye mUrkha prANI isa bhava kA anta nahIM paataa| jo prANI isa moha rUpI nidrA ko tyAgakara saceta ho jAtA hai vahI avinAzI pada brahma ko dhAraNa kara ananta sukha kI prApti karatA hai aura saMsAra rUpI sAgara ko pAra kara letA hai| mAnava kI mUrkhatA to dekho svapna meM dekhI sampadA para abhimAna karatA hai kintu jaba yamarAja apanI pracaMDa senA lekara AtA hai taba kSaNa bhara meM dharAzAyI kara detA hai| yamarAja bhI jisase DaratA hai tU usake caraNoM meM mana lagA aura paramapada ko prApta kr| prastuta racanA 34 chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai tathA isakI racanA kavi ke nivAsa-sthAna AgarA meM huI hai| (50)

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(10) suAbattIsI suAbattIsI bhI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kA eka AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya hai jisameM AtmA kA zuka ke rUpa meM rUpaka bAMdhA gayA hai| zuka kI eka prasiddha loka kathA ko isa kAvya meM AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| rUpaka isa prakAra hai ki AtmA rUpI zuka ko sadguru upadeza detA hai ki vaha karmarUpI vana meM bhUlakara bhI praveza na kareM kyoMki vahA~ lobha rUpI nalinI ne moha rUpI dhokhA dene ke lie viSaya sukha rUpI anna ko saMjo rakhA hai| yadi bhUla se vahA~ calA bhI jAye to usa para baiThe nahIM, yadi baiTha jAye to dRr3ha bhAva se grahaNa na kare, yadi grahaNa bhI kara le to usa sabako chor3akara ur3a jaaye| guru se nizadina yaha pATha par3hane vAlA AtmarUpI zuka eka dina guru kI saMgati chor3a vana ko ur3a calA aura vahA~ jAkara viSaya vAsanAoM meM Asakta hokara phaMsa gayA "baiTho lobha nalina pai jvai| viSaya svAda rasa laTake tvai|| laTakata tarai ulaTi gaye bhaav| tara muMDI Upara bhaye paaNv||" taba use guru upadeza kA smaraNa AtA hai, aura eka dina avasara pAkara vaha bhAga khar3A hotA hai, vaha vana meM bhaTaka hI rahA thA ki vahA~ eka sAdhu dharma dezanA kara rahe the "yaha saMsAra karmavana ruup| tAmahi cetana suA anuup|| par3hata rahai guru vacana vishaal| tauhu na apanI karai sNbhaal||" zuka ne yaha saba sunA aura mana meM kahane lagA yahI saba to merI dazA hai| ye hI sacce guru saMsAra rUpI sAgara se pAra utArane vAle haiN| zuka guru kI guNa stuti karane lagA, ghaTa ke paTa khula gaye, "maiM cetana ke sabhI guNoM se yukta hokara bhI paradravyoM meM Asakta rhaa|" karmarUpI kalaMka saba jhara gaye, dina para dina vaha zivarUpa hotA gyaa| ___ isa rUpaka kathA ke mAdhyama se kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki puruSa viSaya-sukhoM meM Asakta hokara AtmasvarUpa aura apane lakSya ko bhUla jAtA hai aura anekAneka prakAra ke sAMsArika kaSTa bhogatA hai| isa kAvya meM kavi ne guru ke mahatva ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| sacce guru ke mArgadarzana ke binA jIva kA kalyANa ho nahIM paataa| pUrA kAvya dohA aura caupAI chaMda meM baddha hai isameM 34 chaMda haiN| antima do chandoM meM kavi ne mAnava ko suAbattIsI sunakara Atma kalyANa kA saMdeza diyA hai| saMvat 1753 Azvina kRSNa dazamI ko isa kAvya kI samApti huii| (51)

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darzana- pradhAna racanAeM saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI apane hRdaya meM sukha kI utkaTa kAmanA rakhatA hai | duHkha se nivRtti tathA sukha kI akSaya prApti hI usake jIvana kA lakSya rahatA hai| isI lakSya kI prApti hetu anAdi kAla se vaha sAdhanA - yAtrA karatA calA A rahA hai| yuga-yuga kI sAdhanA ke pazcAt saMsAra ke sarvAdhika prabuddha prANI mAnava ne anubhava kiyA ki akSaya sukha kI prApti sAMsArika upakaraNoM se sambhava nahIM hai, yadi vaha sambhava hai to kevala AdhyAtmikatA tathA dharma se / AdhyAtmikatA arthAt AtmA sambandhI tatvoM kA jJAna hI darzana hai| zrI baladeva upAdhyAya ke anusAra, "darzana zabda kA vyutpatti labhya artha hai- dRzyate anena iti darzanam - jisake dvArA dekhA jaay| kauna padArtha dekhA jAya ? vastu kA satyabhUta tAtvika svarUpa kyA hai ? hama kauna haiM ? kahA~ se Aye haiM ? isa sarvato dRzyamAna jagata kA saccA svarUpa kyA hai ? isakI utpatti kahA~ se huI ? Adi praznoM kA samucita uttara denA darzana kA pradhAna dhyeya hai / 11 manISiyoM ne AtmAsAkSAtkAra karake jisa satya ke darzana kiye vahI 'darzana' hai| ***** vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahate haiN| AtmA kA svabhAva hai akSaya sukha kI prApti, jo isa saMsAra se mukta hokara hI upalabdha ho sakatI hai| isI lakSya kI siddhi hetu jIvAtmA isa saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai| ataH jo tatva isa siddhi meM jIva kA sahAyaka ho sakatA hai vahI dharma hai| paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI ke anusAra 12 " jisase abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa mukti kI prApti ho use dharma kahate haiN| cUMki AcAra yA caritra se inakI prApti hotI hai isalie caritra hI dharma haiN| isa prakAra dharma zabda se do arthoM kA bodha hotA hai, eka vastu svabhAva kA aura dUsare cAritra yA AcAra kaa| inameM se svabhAva rUpa dharma to kyA jar3a aura kyA cetana, sabhI padArthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai.... kintu AcAra rUpa kevala cetana AtmA meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| isIlie dharma kA sambandha AtmA se hai| pratyeka tatvadarzI dharma-pravartaka ne kevala AcAra rUpa dharma kA hI upadeza nahIM kiyA kintu vastu svabhAva rUpa dharma kA bhI upadeza diyA hai jise darzana kahA jAtA hai| isI se pratyeka dharma apanA eka darzana bhI rakhatA hai| darzana meM, AtmA kyA hai ? paraloka kyA hai ? vizva kyA hai ? Izvara kyA hai ? Adi samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai aura dharma ke dvArA AtmA ko paramAtmA (52)

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banane kA mArga batalAyA jAtA hai|" isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki darzana dharma kA saiddhAntika athavA jJAnAtmaka pakSa hai, bhakti dharma kA bhAvAtmaka pakSa hai to dharma darzana kA vyAvahArika rUpa hai| dharma, darzana aura sAhitya kA saMgama AdikAla se hotA calA A rahA hai| sAhitya ke Adi graMtha veda hindU dharma aura darzana ke mahatvapUrNa graMtha haiN| vastutaH prArambha meM RSi aura manISI jo kucha AtmasAkSAtkAra karate the usI ko sAhitya ke rUpa meM sRjita karate the ataH saMskRti ke Adi kAla meM sAhitya aura darzana eka rUpa the, darzana kAvya thA to sAhitya usakA vaack| ataH darzana dharma aura sAhitya ke samanvita rUpa kI dhArA AdikAla se akSuNNa rUpa se calI A rahI hai| hamAre deza meM darzana pradhAna sAhitya kI paramparA atyanta samRddha rahI hai| veda, purANa, smRtiyAM Adi hinduoM ke dhArmika graMtha haiM, jo saMskRta meM likhita hai| pAlI bhASA bauddha sAhitya se samRddha hai to prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM jaina sAhitya kA vipula bhaMDAra hai| hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla meM nAtha aura gorakhapaMthiyoM kA sAhitya tathA bhaktikAla kA lagabhaga sampUrNa sAhitya kisI na kisI dharma aura darzana se sambandhita hai| hindI jaina sAhitya atyAdhika mahatvapUrNa evaM samRddha hote hue bhI hindI itihAsakAroM dvArA upekSaNIya banA rhaa| AcArya rAmacandra zukla tathA DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA jaise mUrdhanya sAhityakAra evaM AlocakoM ne ise hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM koI sthAna nahIM diyA aura dhArmika sAhitya kahakara usakI upekSA kara dii| kintu dhArmikatA itanA bar3A doSa nahIM jisake kAraNa kisI racanA ko sAhitya kI paridhi se hI bAhara kara diyA jaaye| yadi aisA hI mAna liyA jAye to sAhitya ke bahuta se graMtha apane mahatvapUrNa pada se vaMcita ho jaayeNge| isa tathya para AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI kI dRSTi gii| unhoMne hI sarvaprathama ghoSaNA kI "svayaMbhU, caturbhuja, puSpadaMta aura dhanapAla jaise kavi kevala jaina hone ke kAraNa hI kAvya kSetra se bAhara nahIM cale jaate| dhArmika sAhitya hone mAtra se koI racanA sAhityika koTi se alaga nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi aisA samajhA jAne lage to tulasIdAsa kA rAmacarita-mAnasa bhI sAhitya kSetra meM avivecya ho jAyegA aura jAyasI kA padmAvata bhI sAhitya sImA ke bhItara nahIM ghusa skegaa|.... bauddhoM, brAhmaNoM aura jainoM ke aneka AcAryoM ne naitika aura dhArmika upadeza dene ke liye loka kathAoM kA Azraya (53)

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liyA thaa| bhAratIya santoM kI yaha paramparA paramahaMsa rAmakRSNa taka avichinna bhAva se calI AI hai| kevala naitika aura dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika upadezoM ko dekhakara yadi hama graMthoM ko sAhitya sImA se bAhara nikAlane lageMge to hameM Adi kAvya se bhI hAtha dhonA par3egA, tulasI rAmAyaNa se bhI alaga honA par3egA, kabIra kI racanAoM ko bhI namaskAra kara denA par3egA aura jAyasI ko bhI dUra se daMDavata karake vidA kara denA hogaa|13 __ ataH darzana pradhAna athavA dhArmika racanAoM ko sAhitya kI sImA se niSkAsita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| prAyaH isa prakAra kI vibhAjana rekhA khIMcanA kaThina hai jisase darzana pradhAna, upadezAtmaka, rUpaka kathA Adi sAhitya ko pRthaka-pRthaka vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sake kyoMki eka hI racanA meM kucha dArzanika siddhAnta bhI hote haiM, upadezAtmakatA bhI hotI hai aura kabhI use rUpaka zailI meM bhI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM pramukhatA para hI dRSTi rakhI jAtI hai| jisa pravRtti kI pradhAnatA dRSTigata hotI hai use usa hI koTi meM rakha diyA jAtA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI racanAoM ko isI AdhAra para vargIkRta karake isa adhyAya meM unakI darzana-pradhAna racanAoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| (1) guNamaMjarI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa racanA meM sarvaprathama paMcaparameSThI ko namaskAra kara unake guNa rUpI maMjariyoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra samyaka darzana jJAna aura cAritra ko mokSa kA mArga svIkRta kiyA gayA hai isIlie inako triratna yA 'ratnatraya' bhI kahate haiN| inhIM triratna kA kavi ne vRkSa ke sAtha rUpaka bAMdhA hai "jJAna rUpa tarU Ugiyo samyak dharatI maahiN| darzana dRr3ha zAkhA sahita, cArita dala lhkaahiN| lagI tAhi guNa maMjarI, jasa svabhAva cahuM or| pragaTI mahimA jJAna meM, phala hai anukrama jor||" samyaktva kI dharatI se jJAna rUpI vRkSa kI utpatti hotI hai usameM darzana kI dRr3ha zAkhAeM phUTatI haiM aura una zAkhAoM meM caritra rUpI patra lagate haiM aura guNa rUpI maMjariyAM aura phira ina maMjariyoM ke phalasvarUpa zivaphala-mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isa racanA meM kavi ne guNa rUpI maMjariyoM kA vistRta varNana (54)

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kiyA hai| sarvaprathama dayA kI vyAkhyA kI hai jisake do bheda ho jAte hai- nija aura para dyaa| nija dayA se tAtparya hai Atmika Ananda meM lIna rahanA aura dUsarI prakAra kI dayA se tAtparya hai saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM kI mana, vacana, kAya se yathAzakti rakSA krnaa| isI prakAra vatsalatA (dharma ke prati), sajjanatA, nijaniMdA, samatA, bhaktibhAva, vairAgya, dharmarAga, prabhAvanA, heya upAdeya (saMsAra se sambaMdhita vastuoM kA tyAga), dhIraja (dharma meM pragAr3ha zraddhA), harSa tathA pravInatA nAmaka guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta kRti 73 dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha hai tathA isakI racanA mAgha kRSNa dazamI, maMgalavAra saMvat 1740 meM kI gii| (2) lokAkAza kSetra parimANa kathana prastuta racanA meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne jaina darzana ke anusAra loka racanA kA varNana kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi ananta AkAza kA eka choTA-sA bhAga mAtra hai| usake anusAra AkAza ke do bheda hote hai, lokAkAza aura alokaakaash| lokAkAza AkAza kA vaha bhAga hai jahA~ AkAza ke atirikta jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAla dravya bhI vidyamAna hote haiM aura isake atirikta zeSa saba alokAkAza hai vahA~ AkAza dravya ke atirikta kucha nahIM hai| lokAkAza kA AkAra, kaTi bhAga para dono hAtha rakhakara, dono paira phailAkara khar3e huye puruSa ke samAna hai, usakI pUrI uMcAI caudaha rAjU hai| isake nAbhi pradeza meM madhya loka arthAt manuSyaloka hai, adhobhAga meM sAta naraka tathA UrdhvabhAga meM svarga aura loka ke sabase Upara agrabhAga meM siddha zilA hai jahA~ saMsAra se mukta hokara jIva virAjamAna ho jAte hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne prastuta racanA meM loka ke kSetraphala kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| adholoka meM sAta pRthviyA~ haiM, kavi ne unakA pRthaka-pRthaka kSetraphala bhI batAyA hai| samasta adho-loka kA kSetraphala eka sau chiyAnaveM ghana rAjU hai| Urdhvaloka meM solaha svarga, navagraiveyaka tathA siddha zilA hai, kavi ne inakA pRthaka rUpa meM kSetraphala bhI batAyA hai| sampUrNa Urdhvaloka kA kSetraphala eka sau seMtAlIsa ghana rAjU hai| isa prakAra sampUrNa lokAkAza kA kSetraphala tIna sau taiMtAlIsa ghana rAjU hai| isa loka ke madhya meM Upara se nIce taka eka rAjU caur3I trasanAlI (sanAr3I) hai trasa jIva (dvi-indriya se paMca-indriya taka) isa meM hI rahate haiM, isake bAhara kevala sthAvara jIvoM kI sattA hai| 'lokaracanA' sambandhI adhyAya meM isa viSaya para vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne isa kRti kI racanA (55)

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AcArya nemicandra viracita prasiddha jaina graMtha 'trilokasAra' ke anusAra pauSa sudi pUrNimA ravivAra, vi0 saM0 1740 meM kI hai| (3) ekAdaza guNasthAna paryantapaMtha varNana jaina darzana meM manuSya ke dvArA Atmika vikAsa karate karate mokSa taka pahu~cane kI yAtrA ko caudaha staroM athavA zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai inhIM ko caudaha guNasthAna mAnA gayA hai| paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI ne ina guNasthAnoM ko 'AdhyAtmika utthAna aura patana ke cArTa' ke samAna batAyA hai| manuSya ke manovikAroM ke zamana aura uttama guNoM ke uttarottara vikAsa kI ye caudaha sIr3hiyA~ haiN| prastuta racanA meM kavi ne gyAraha guNa sthAnoM kA hI varNana kiyA hai| usakI dRSTi isameM mukhyataH nAma parigaNana para hI kendrita rahI hai| prathama guNasthAna mithyAtva hai jisameM jIva apane svarUpa aura hita-ahita kA koI vicAra nahIM krte| dvitIya guNasthAna sAsAdana, tRtIya mizra (samyak mithyAtva), caturtha avratapura (asaMyata samyak), paMcama dezaviratapura (saMyatAsaMyata), SaSTha pramattasaMyata, saptama apramatta saMyata, aSTama apUrvakaraNa, navam anivRttikaraNa, dazam sUkSmasAmparAya, ekAdazam-upazAMta kaSAya hai gyArahaveM guNasthAna upazAMta taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate muniavasthA A jAtI hai aura saba kaSAyoM ke zAMta ho jAne se pariNAma atyaMta zuddha ho jAte haiN| isa viSaya para guNasthAna sambandhI adhyAya meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prastuta racanA kavi ne jaina darzana ke prasiddha graMtha AcArya nemicandra kRta gomaTasAra ke anusAra kI hai tathA yaha racanA ikkIsa dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (4) bAraha bhAvanA jaina darzana meM sAMsArika bhoga vilAsoM se mAnava hRdaya meM virakti utpanna karane ke lie bAraha bhAvanAoM ko mAnyatA dI gaI hai jinakA manana karane se mana meM svataH hI vairAgya utpanna hone lagatA hai| kavi ne bhI isI uddezya se 'bAraha-bhAvanA' kAvya kA sRjana kiyA hai| ye bAraha bhAvanAeM haiM(1) anitya bhAvanA arthAt saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu nazvara hai| (2) azaraNa bhAvanA jisameM batAyA gayA ki saMsAra meM maraNa Adi vipatti se jIva kI rakSA karane vAlA koI nahIM hai "koU na tero rAkhanahAra, karmanavasa cetana nirdhaar|" (3) saMsAra bhAvanA arthAt isa saMsAra meM sabhI dukhI haiM, kahIM bhI sukha nahIM hai| (56)

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(4) ekatva bhAvanA se tAtparya hai jIva akelA hI AtA hai akelA hI jAtA hai, sAthI sambandhI koI bhI apanA nahIM hai| (5) anyatva bhAvanA meM kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ deha hI apanI nahIM phira vahA~ apanA kauna hai, saba para padArtha hai ataH inakA sAtha chor3anA cAhiye "tU cetana ve jar3a srvNg| to tajaha parAyo sNg|" (6) azuci bhAvanA jisameM zarIra kI apavitratA para dhyAna kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| (7) Asrava bhAvanA meM karma Akara jIva se baMdha jAte haiM yahI vicAra rakhA jAtA hai| (8) saMvara bhAvanA karmoM kA AnA aura baMdhanA kaise rokA jAya, isa bAta kA vicAra hI saMvara bhAvanA hai| (9) nirjarA bhAvanA arthAt pUrva baMdha karma kaise jhar3eM isakA dhyAna rakhanA hI nirjarA hai| (10) loka bhAvanA loka aura usameM jIva kI sthiti para vicAra karanA hI loka bhAvanA hai| (11) dharma bhAvanA se tAtparya hai dharma ke sambandha meM vicaarnaa| (12) bodhi-durlabha-bhAvanA arthAt sAMsArika padArthoM kI prApti atyaMta sarala hai kintu samyak jJAna kI prApti atyaMta durlabha hai| isa prakAra ina bAraha bhAvanAoM kA manana karake mAnava ke hRdaya meM vairAgya kI bhAvanA udbhUta hotI hai| prastuta racanA pandraha caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (5) karmabaMdha ke daza bheda jaina dharma meM karmasiddhAnta kA sUkSma nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| karma sUkSma pudgala padArtha hote haiM jo jIva kI mana vacana aura zarIra kI pravRtti se AkRSTa hokara tathA kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) kA saMyoga pAkara usase saMyukta ho jAte haiM isI ko karma baMdha kahate haiN| baMdhana se lekara unake udaya hone athavA ayogya ho jAne taka kI dasa avasthAeM hotI haiM inhI kA prastuta racanA meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| ye dasa avasthAeM isa prakAra haiM(1) baMdha- karma kA jIva se saMyukta honA hI baMdha hai| yaha baMdha cAra prakAra se hotA hai| (ka) prakRti baMdha-jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jaanaa| (kha) sthiti baMdha-karma kitane samaya taka jIva ke sAtha baMdhe raheMge isakA (57)

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nizcaya honaa| (ga) anubhAga baMdha-karma meM tIvra athavA maMda phala dene kI zakti kA nizcaya honaa| (gha) pradezabaMdha-karma paramANu kisI nizcita saMkhyA meM jIva ke sAtha sambaddha hote haiN| kavi ke zabdoM meM "mithyA avrata yoga kssaay| baMdha hoya cahuM parateM aay| thiti anubhAga prakRti prdesh| e baMdhana vidhi bheda vishess||" karmabaMdha kI sthiti aura anubhAga meM vRddhi hone ko (2) utkarSaNa aura ghaTane ko (3) apakarSaNa kahate haiN| karmabaMdha ke pazcAt jIva ke acche bure karmoM ke anusAra pUrvabaMdha karmoM meM utkarSaNa athavA apakarSaNa ho jAtA hai| karma ke phala dene se pUrva jIva ke sAtha baMdhe rahane kI avasthA ko (4) sattA, phala dene kI avasthA ko (5) udaya, tathA niyata samaya se pUrva hI phala dene ko (6) udIraNA kahate haiN| jaba karma apane hI sajAtIya karma ke kisI dUsare bheda meM parivartita ho jAtA hai use (7) saMkramaNa, tathA karma ko udita ho sakane ke ayogya kara denA (8) upazama kahalAtA hai| karma kA udaya aura saMkramaNa na ho sakanA (9) nidhatti tathA utkarSaNa apakarSaNa na ho sakanA (10) nikAcanA kahalAtA hai| yaha varNana kavi ne jaina darzana ke prasiddha graMtha gommaTasAra ke anusAra kiyA hai "e dazabheda jinAgama lahe, gomaThasAra graMtha meM khe|" prastuta racanA pandraha dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (6) saptabhaMgI vANI jaina darzana kA pramukha siddhAnta hai-anekAntavAda arthAt vastu anekadharmA hai kintu usake eka dharma ko hI eka samaya meM varNita kiyA jA sakatA hai, saba dharmoM ko eka sAtha nhiiN| ataH jaba eka samaya meM eka dharma kA varNana karate haiM to usa vastu ko kisI eka apekSA se kahate haiM isI ko kahate haiM syAdvAda arthAt kisI apekSA se kathana krnaa| kisI vastu ke sambandha meM kathana ke sAta DhaMga ho sakate haiM, isase adhika nhiiN| inheM hI saptabhaMgI kahate haiM kisI vastu kA astitva honA (1) asti hai, yaha usake apane svabhAva kI apekSA, se hai| para vastu ke svabhAva kI apekSA se vaha nahIM hai ata: vaha (2) nAsti (58)

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bhI hai| donoM pakSoM ko eka sAtha le lene se tIsarA bhaMga hai (3) astinaasti| donoM virodhI guNa asti nAsti eka samaya meM nahIM kahe jA sakate ata: vaha (4) avaktavya hai| isa cauthe bhaMga avaktavya ke sAtha kramazaH prathama, dUsare aura tIsare bhaMga ko milAne se paMcama, SaSTha aura saptama bhaMga banate haiM arthAt vastu kA asti svarUpa nAsti svarUpa bhI sAtha hone ke kAraNa eka sAtha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ataH pA~cavA bhaMga hai (5) astiavktvy| isI prakAra (6) nAsti avaktavya aura saptama bhaMga hai (7) asti nAsti avktvy| isa laghu racanA meM inhIM kA varNana hai| sAmAnya jIvana meM isakI upayogitA batAte hue kavi ne kahA hai "bhaiyA je naya jAnahiM bhed| tinake miTahi sakala bhrama khed|" jaba manuSya kA dRSkioNa ekAMgI hotA hai taba hI samasta saMgharSa udbhUta hote haiM anyathA nahIM aura syAdvAda manuSya ke dRSTikoNa ko vizAla banAtA hai| saptabhaMgI ke adhyAya meM isa para vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prastuta racanA bAraha dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (7) caudaha guNasthAnavarti jIva saMkhyA-(zivapaMtha-pacIsikA) caudaha guNasthAna jaina darzana meM jIva ke mukta avasthA taka uttarottara Atmika vikAsa ke caudaha stara haiN| prastuta racanA meM kavi ne inhIM caudaha guNasthAnoM kA varNana kiyA hai| jaisA ki racanA ke nAma se hI saMketa milatA hai isameM kavi kI dRSTi ina vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM rahane vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA varNana para kendrita rahI hai| prathama guNasthAna 'mithyAtva' ke jIvoM kI saMkhyA anantAnaMta hai| isameM ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka sabhI prakAra ke jIva hote haiM, ye nitAnta ajJAnI hote haiM apane hita ahita kA inheM koI dhyAna hI nahIM hotaa| dUsare guNasthAna "sAsAdana' meM bAvana karor3a jIva haiM, tIsare "mizra' (samyak mithyAtva) meM eka araba cAra karor3a, cauthe 'avrata' (asaMyata samyagdRSTi) meM sAta araba, pA~cave 'dezaviratapura' (saMyatAsaMyata) meM teraha karor3a jIva rahate haiN| chaThe guNasthAna 'pramatta saMyata' meM pA~ca karor3a tirAnaveM lAkha aTaThAnaveM hajAra do sau chaH jIva rahate haiN| sAtaveM apramatta saMyata meM do karor3a chiyAnaveM lAkha ninayAnaveM sahasra eka sau tIna jIva haiN| aSTama guNasthAna se do zreNiyAM ho jAtI- upazama tathA ksspk| AThaveM 'apUrvakaraNa', navam 'anivRttikaraNa' tathA dazam 'sUkSma sAmparAya' meM upazama zreNI meM pratyeka meM . (59)

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do sau ninyAnave tathA inhIM tInoM meM kSapaka zreNI meM pratyeka meM pA~ca sau aTThAnaveM jIvoM kA nivAsa hai| gyArahaveM upazAMta kaSAya meM do sau ninyAnave tathA bArahaveM kSINa kaSAya meM pA~ca sau aTThAnaveM jIva saMkhyA hai| terahaveM sayoga kevalI meM ATha lAkha aTThAnaveM hajAra pA~ca sau do kevalI bhagavAna haiM tathA caudahaveM ayoga kevalI guNasthAna meM yaha saMkhyA pA~ca sau aTThAnaveM haiM / terahaveM guNasthAna taka saba jIvoM kI saMkhyA ATha araba satahattara karor3a ninyAnaveM lAkha ninyAnaveM sahasra nau sau sattAnaveM hai| yaha varNana kavi ne jaina darzana ke prasiddha graMtha gommaTasAra ke anusAra kiyA hai| yaha racanA paccIsa dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha hai| ( 8 ) pandraha pAtra kI caupAI prastuta racanA meM kavi ne AcaraNa kI dRSTi se pandraha prakAra ke pAtroM kA varNana kiyA hai| ye pandraha pAtra isa prakAra haiM-tIna uttama pAtra, tIna madhyama pAtra, tIna laghu pAtra, tIna kupAtra aura tIna apAtra | uttama pAtra meM sarvazreSTha tIrthaMkara jo saMsAra sAgara se pAra jAte haiM, madhyama zreNI meM gaNadhara jo dvAdazAMga vANI (dekhiye pariziSTa) ke jJAtA hote haiM, sAmAnya muni jo zuddha bhAvoM ke dhAraNa kartA hote haiN| madhyama pAtroM meM uttama ailaka zrAvaka (dekhie pariziSTa ) jo kevala eka laMgoTI hI rakhate haiM, madhyama kSullaka zrAvaka (dekhiye pariziSTa) jo pIchI aura kamaMDala bhI rakhate haiM aura sAmAnya daza pratibhAdhArI zrAvaka hote haiN| laghupAtra meM sarvottama kSAyika samyaktvI zrAvaka (jinheM kabhI na kabhI mokSa milegA hI) madhyama upazamadhArI (jisane apanI kaSAyoM ko zAnta kara liyA hai) aura sAmAnya kSAyopazamika jisake samyak darzana meM doSa utpanna ho jAtA hai| tIna kupAtra meM prathama dravyaliMgI muni jo mithyAtvI hotA hai, bAhya lakSaNa to muni vAle hote haiM kintu bhAva zuddha nahIM hote| dUsare ve mithyAtvI zrAvaka jo jJAna zUnya hote haiM kintu apane ko guNavAna samajhate haiN| tIsare ve mithyAtvIjIva jinakA hara prakAra kA AcaraNa mithyAtva se otaprota hotA hai| tIna apAtroM meM prathama ve parigrahI sAdhu jinakA, antaHkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha bAhya AcaraNa bhI azuddha hotA hai| dUsare ve zrAvaka jo zrAvaka ke guNoM se bhI zUnya hote haiM, bhakSya abhakSya sabhI kucha grahaNa karate haiM, tIsare ve (60)

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zrAvaka jo svayaM ko samyaka dRSTi kahate haiM kintu unake bhAva tathA bAhya lakSaNa donoM hI viparIta hote haiN| prastuta racanA caubIsa dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| ( 9 ) brahmAbrahma nirNaya caturdazI paMca parameSThI - arahaMta siddha AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ke prathama akSara-a si A u sA- -kI vaMdanA kara kavi jIva ko hI brahma batAtA hai tathA vaiSNavoM ke sRSTikartA brahma kI samAnatA brahma arthAt jIva se karatA hai| brahma ke cAra mukha haiM aura isa jIva ke bhI A~kha, nAka, rasanA aura zravaNa ye cAra mukha haiM inhIM se yaha rUpa rasa gaMdha Adi kA Ananda grahaNa karatA hai / isa jIva se hI samasta sRSTi sRjita huI hai isIlie ise viraMca arthAt sRSTikartA kahA gayA hai| yaha caudaha dohA chaMdoM meM baddha eka laghu racanA hai| ( 10 ) aSTakarma kI caupAI jIva anantaguNa dhArI hotA hai, usake karma una guNoM ko AvRta kiye rakhate haiN| mukhyataH usake ATha guNa mAne haiM, aura karma ke bhI ATha bheda hote haiM jinheM aSTakarma kahate haiN| ATha guNa isa prakAra hai- (1) ananta jJAna, (2) ananta darzana, (3) avyAvAdhatva, ( 4 ) samyaktva ( kSAyika ), (5) avagAha tatva, ( 6 ) sUkSmatva, (7) aguru laghutva, (8) anantavIrya / aSTakarma isa prakAra haiM (1) jJAnAvaraNIya, (2) darzanAvaraNIya, (3) vedanIya, (4) mohanIya, (5) Ayu, (6) nAma, ( 7 ) gotra, ( 8 ) antarAya / inameM se eka eka karma eka eka guNa ko AvRta kiye rakhatA hai jisase jIva kA vAstavika svarUpa hI chipa jAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNI karma se jIva kA vAstavika svarUpa hI chipa jAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNI karma se jIva kA jJAnaguNa Dhaka jAtA hai, usake chedana se hI jJAna kA prakAza vikIrNa hotA hai| darzanAvaraNI karma se jIva samyak zraddhAn nahIM kara pAtA / vedanI usake mArga meM bAdhA pahu~cAtA hai| mohanI jIva ko apane svarUpa se hI asAvadhAna kara detA hai| Ayu karma jIva ko nizcita samaya taka kisI eka zarIra meM roka sakatA hai arthAt avagAhanatva meM bAdhA pahu~cAtA hai| nAma karma jIva kA amUrtika (sUkSmatva) guNa AvRta kara zarIra dhAraNa karAtA hai / gotra karma agurulaghutva DhAMka kara UMcanIca kula kA nizcaya karAtA hai aura antima antarAya karma jIva kI ananta zakti ko prakaTa hone se rokatA hai| isa prakAra ina aSTakarmo kA vinAza karake hI jIva apane vAstavika svarUpa ko prApta kara sakatA hai - (61)

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"ye hI AThoM karmamala, inameM garbhita haMsa / inakI zakti vinAza kai, pragaTa karahiM nija vNs|| " yaha racanA teIsa caupAI tathA cAra dohA chaMdoM meM baddha hai| ( 11 ) rAgadi nirNayASTaka jIva ke bhava bhramaNa kA mUla kAraNa rAgadveSa Adi bhAvanAoM se usakA saMyukta honA hI hai / vaha mUlataH to zuddha svabhAva kA hai kintu rAgadveSa aura moha kI pariNati usake sAtha lagI rahatI hai jaise kisI zubhra sphaTika maNi para raMga Adi lagA diye jaayeN| mithyAdRSTi jIva donoM ko bhinna karake nahIM dekha pAtA aura samyagdRSTi jIva donoM ko bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM dekhatA hai| jaba jIva svayaM ko rAgAdi se pRthaka kara letA hai taba hI karmajAla ko tor3akara mukti pada prApta kara letA hai| yaha racanA nau dohA mAtrika kavitta tathA cAMdrAyaNa chaMdoM meM baddha hai| ( 12 ) bAIsa parIsahana ke kavitta jaina dharma meM muni aura zrAvakoM ke karttavya aura caryA kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| muni kI caryA bahuta kaThora hotI haiN| zarIra ke prati parAyepana kA bhAva A jAne se unheM kaSTa kA anubhava hI nahIM hotaa| muni ke lie bAIsa prakAra ke parISaha prasannatApUrvaka sahana kara lenA Avazyaka hai| ye bAIsa prakAra ke sAMsArika kaSTa aura bAdhAeM hotI haiM jinake Ane para bhI Arta aura saMkleza pariNAmoM kA na honA hI parISahajaya kahalAtA hai| grISma Rtu meM jaba dharatI tave kI bhA~ti jalatI hai taba muni zaila zrRMga zilA para khar3e hokara rAta dina tapasyA karate haiM isI ko (1) grISma parISaha kahate haiN| isI prakAra zItakAla meM zIta kA atireka unako dhyAna se vicalita nahIM kara pAtA yaha (2) zIta parISaha kahalAtA hai| kSudhA se saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI pIr3ita hotA hai, muni isa para bhI vijaya prApta kara lete haiM yahI (3) kSudhA parISaha hai isI prakAra ( 4 ) tRSA parISaha hai ( muni dina meM kevala eka hI bAra bhojana ke sAtha jala grahaNa karate haiM, antarAya ho jAne para kabhI-kabhI vaha bhI nahIM lete) macchara, sAMpa, bicchU Adi ke kATane para bhI kaSTa kA anubhava nahIM karate use hI (5) DaMsamaskAdi parISaha kahate haiN| muni bhUmi para eka hI Asana ( karavaTa ) se zayana karate haiN| ise (6) zayyA parISaha kahate haiN| unheM koI kitanA hI zArIrika kaSTa de taba bhI krodha nahIM karate na dveSa rakhate haiN| ise hI (7) vadhabaMdha parISaha kahate haiM / (62)

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muni vihAra karate samaya sAr3he tIna hAtha bhUmi dekhate hue calate haiM (8) ise caryA parISaha kahate haiN| sAdhu zarIra meM phA~sa gar3a jAne para athavA A~kha meM kucha gira jAne para bhI kaSTa anubhava nahIM karate ise (9) tRNaphAMsa parISaha kahate haiN| muniyoM ke lie glAni varjita hotA hai| ata: svayaM se tathA anya kisI se bhI glAni na karane ko (10) glAni parISaha kahate haiN| rogoM ke kAraNa kaSTa kA anubhava na karanA (11) rogaparISaha kahalAtA hai| muni nagna rahate haiM nagnatA para lajjA kA anubhava na karanA (12) nagnaparISaha kahalAtA hai| ve kisI bhI indriya viSaya kI ora AkRSTa nahIM hote ise (13) rati arati parISaha kahate haiN| jisa nArI ke nimeSa mAtra para bar3e-bar3e rAjyoM kI nIMva hila jAtI hai usa para bhI vijaya prApta karanA (14) strIparISaha hai| manuSya mAna sammAna kI surakSA ke lie bar3I-bar3I dhana sampadA rAjya taka luTA detA hai, kintu muni mAna apamAna kI bhI ciMtA nahIM karate use hI (15) mAna apamAna parISaha kahate haiN| muni zmazAna Adi bhayaMkara sthAna meM bhI zAMta rahate haiM bhayabhIta nahIM hote ise (16) thira pariSaha kahate haiN| ve kuvacana nahIM bolate yaha (17) kuvacana parISaha hai| kisI se kucha bhI yAcanA nahIM karate yaha (18) ajAcI parISaha hai| jJAna dhAraNa kara (19) ajJAna parISaha para jaya prApta karate haiN| nityaprati adhyayana Adi kara apanI prajJA ko vikasita karate haiM yaha (20) prajJA parISaha hai| (21) adarzana parISaha se tAtparya hai ki ve mithyAtvI nahIM hote| aMtarAya ke hone para bhI alAbha yA hAni kI cintA na karanA (22) alAbha parISaha hai| prastuta kRti meM inhIM kA varNana hai| anta meM aise bAIsa parISaha jayI munirAja kI stuti kI gaI hai| yaha racanA tIsa kavitta, chappaya, kuDilayA~, ghanAkSarI tathA dohA chaMdoM meM baddha haiN| isakI racanA phAguna sudi dvAdazI guruvAra saM0 1749 vi0 ko kI gii| (13) muni ke chiyAlIsa doSa varjita AhAra vidhi ___ jaina dharma meM muniyoM ke AhAra kI vizeSa vidhi hai, ve dina meM kevala eka bAra bhojana aura jala grahaNa karate haiN| sAdhu ko jIvana aura saMsAra se nitAnta nirapekSa aura nirlipta rahanA hotA hai| bhojana ke lie jAte samaya yA bhojana karate samaya yadi koI antarAya ho jAtA hai taba ve AhAra nahIM lete| inameM kucha antarAya dRSTi sambandhI haiM jaise asthi, mAMsa, rakta, viSTA, mata prANI Adi kA dikhAI de jAnA, kucha sparza sambandhI jaise pazu, pakSI kA sparza ho jaanaa| kucha antarAya zravaNa sambandhI hote haiM jaise devamUrti kA bhaMga honA, (63)

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karkaza vacana, rone kA svara yA utpAta sUcaka zabda aura kucha antarAya smaraNa sambandhI hote haiM jaise glAni dilAne vAle padArthoM kA smrnn| isa prakAra ke chiyAlIsa doSa hote haiM, inake na hone para hI muni AhAra grahaNa karate haiM anyathA upavAsa rakhate haiM jaina dharma meM muni caryA atyaMta kaThina hai| prastuta kRti meM isa AhAra vidhi kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| paccIsa dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha prastuta racanA vi0 saM0 1750 meM jyeSTha sudi paMcamI ko racI gii| (14) anAdi battIsikA jaina dharma ke anusAra yaha saMsAra chaH dravyoM se milakara banA hai| chaH dravya isa prakAra haiM- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, kAla aura aakaash| ye chahoM dravya anAdi kAla se sRSTi meM vidyamAna haiN|14 sabake apane pRthaka-pRthaka guNa haiM pRthaka-pRthaka paryAya (avasthAeM) haiN| vana meM vRkSoM ko na koI botA hai na sIMcatA hai, phira bhI ve apanI-apanI Rtu ke anusAra svayaM hI phalate phUlate haiN| varSA svayaM hotI hai, jala svayaM hI nIce ko Dhara jAtA hai, pakSI svataH hI AkAza meM ur3ane lagate haiM, siMha ke bacce svayaM hI zaktizAlI bana jAte haiM, isa prakAra saba vastueM apane-apane sahaja svabhAva se hI utpanna sthita aura vinaSTa hotI haiN|15 cetana aura pudgala ke milane se svata: hI aneka prakAra ke vikAra utpanna hote haiM aura sRSTi calatI rahatI hai kintu ajJAnI manuSya kahate haiM ki Izvara ne sRSTi racI hai| taiMtIsa dohA chaMdoM meM baddha yaha racanA vi0 saM0 1750 meM Azvina mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI trayodazI ravivAra ko racI gii| (15) samudghAta svarUpa jaba kevala jJAnI jIva kI Ayu alpa mAtra zeSa rahatI hai, taba yadi usake nAma gotra aura vedanIya, ina tIna karmoM kI sthiti Ayukarma se adhika ho to vaha use samudghAta kriyA dvArA Ayu-pramANa kara letA hai| mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara AtmA ke pradezoM kA phailakara bAhara nikalanA samudghAta hai| phailane kI kriyA ko Arohaka, phira dhIre-dhIre sikur3ane kI kriyA ko avarohaka kahate haiN| vaise to trasajIva lokAkAza kI eka rAjU caur3I trasanAlI meM hI rahate haiM, kintu samudghAta kI isa prakriyA meM AtmA ke pradeza trasanAlI se bAhara samasta loka meM phaila jAte haiN| vaise to bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne apanI isa racanA meM samudghAta kI isa prakriyA ke aneka prayojana batAye haiN| rogAdika kA saMyoga hone para cikitsA hetu AtmA ke pradeza bAhara nikalate haiN| kevala jJAnI karmoM (64)

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kA kSaya karane ke lie AtmA ke pradezoM ko loka kI sImA taka phailA lete haiN| mRtyu se kucha pahale AtmA ke pradeza apanI (AgAmI) gati kA sparza kara lauTa Ate haiN| kabhI-kabhI mana meM zaMkA utpanna hone para muni zaMkA samAdhAna hetu apane Atma pradezoM kA prasAra karate haiN| yaha darzana sambandhI tathya jana sAmAnya kI pahu~ca se pare hai| ye racanA 11 dohA chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (16) samyaktva pacIsikA jIva ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya (zakti) guNoM se (jinheM ananta catuSTaya bhI kahate haiM) yukta hotA hai| aSTakarmoM meM se cAra ghAti karma-jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya tathA antarAya jIva ke uparyukta guNoM kA hrAsa kara dete haiN| inameM se mohanIya karma sarvAdhika prabala hotA hai tathA jIva kA sarvAdhika ahita karatA hai| vaha jIva ko usake vAstavika svarUpa se hI anabhijJa banA detA hai| mohanIya karma ke do bheda hote haiM (1) darzana mohanIya va (2) cAritra mohniiy| inake bhI aneka choTe-choTe bheda ho jAte haiN| samyaktva hI mohanIya karma kI zakti kA kSaya karatA hai| mohanIya karma kI prabalatA kama hone para hI jIva ko samyak darzana kI prApti hotI hai| prastuta racanA meM kavi ne samyaktva ke tIna bhedoM- upazama, kSAyika, vedaka kA ullekha karake unakA mahatva batAyA hai tatpazcAt kavi ne samyak dRSTi aura mithyAtvI jIva ke karmoM kA antara batAyA hai aura kahA ki samyak dRSTi jIva kisa prakAra nirantara sAdhanA karatA huA, karmamala ko kSaya karatA huA, mukti kI prApti kara letA hai| anta meM kavi ne samyak darzana ko hI ananta sukha kI nIMva batAyA hai| prastuta kRti kI racanA kavi ne vi0 saM0 1750 ke mArgazIrSa ke zukla pakSa meM dazamI evaM somavAra ko kI thii| (17) paramAtma chattIsI prastuta racanA meM kavi ne sarvaprathama paramapada ko prApta AtmAoM ko praNAma kiyA hai tatpazcAt AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AtmA kI tIna avasthAeM hotI haiM- bahirAtmA, antarAtmA tathA prmaatmaa| bahirAtmA vaha hai jo paradravyoM meM lipta rahatA hai, antarAtmA paradravyoM ko apane se bhinna samajhatA hai ataH samyagdRSTi hotA hai| paramAtmA rAgadveSa ke mala se rahita karmabaMdhana mukta parama zuddha hotA hai| karmoM ke saMyoga se hI AtmA ke tIna bheda ho jAte ha16 tathA karmoM kI mUla rAgadveSa pariNati hai| jo AtmA siddha (65)

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bhagavAna meM hai vahI pratyeka prANI meM hai| kintu moharUpI maila se yukta dRSTi use dekha hI nahIM paatii| paramAtmA kA dhyAna karate karate jIva svataH hI paramAtma rUpa ho jAtA hai ataH usI paramazuddha caitanya svarUpa bhagavAna kA smaraNa karanA caahiye| chattIsa dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha isa kRti kI racanA samvata 1750 vi0 ke mArgazIrSa meM kRSNapakSa kI dvitIyA ko kI gii| (18) Izvara nirNaya pacIsI prastuta racanA bhI kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI eka darzana pradhAna racanA hai jisameM Izvara ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| Izvara sambandhI vivAda hamAre deza meM samaya-samaya para prabala rUpa dhAraNa karatA rahA hai| eka mata ko mAnane vAlA dUsare mata kA khaMDana aura apane mata kI zreSThatA pratipAdita karatA hai| isI bAta ko lakSya karate hue kavi ne bhI kahA hai "Izvara Izvara saba kaheM, Izvara lakhai na koy| Izvara to so hI lakhai, jo samadRSTI hoy|" rAgadveSa se rahita zuddha dRSTi vAle vyakti hI Izvara ke sambandha meM jAna sakate haiN| avatAravAda kA khaMDana karate hue kavi ne kahA hai ki jisake deha hI nahIM haiM aura jo avinAzI tathA avikAra hai, vaha bAra-bAra deha kaise dhAraNa kara sakatA hai aura jo bAra-bAra janma le aura maraNa ko prApta hoM, vaha Izvara kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai| aneka mata-matAntaroM se bharapUra isa saMsAra meM manuSya kI buddhi bhramita ho rahI hai, usakI dazA usa zvAna ke samAna hai jo eka kAMca ke bhavana meM baMda kara diyA jAya aura vaha apane hI aneka pratibimba dekhakara kabhI isa ora aura kabhI usa ora bhAgatA rhe| Izvara to pratyeka mAnava kI AtmA meM vidyamAna hai| jaba AtmA karma baMdhanoM se mukta ho jAtI hai to Izvara ho jAtI hai aura karma baMdhanoM se yukta hone para eka sAmAnya sAMsArika praannii| "Izvara so hI AtmA, jAti eka hai tNt| karma rahita Izvara bhaye, karma sahita jaga jNt||" jo apanI AtmA meM Izvaratva ke darzana kara letA hai vahI Izvara ho jAtA hai| prastuta racanA 27 dohA, kavitta, kuMDaliyA Adi chaMdoM meM baddha kI gaI hai| (19) kartA-akartA pacIsI prastuta racanA meM kavivara ne isa prazna para vicAra kiyA hai ki karmoM kA kartA kauna hai, Izvara athavA mAnava? aura tarkapUrNa zailI meM siddha kiyA hai ki karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA svayaM jIva hotA hai Izvara ina donoM hI bAtoM se pare (66)

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hai| yadi karma ko karane vAlA Izvara hai to usake kiye hue kArya jIvakRta pApa puNya kI koTi meM kyoMkara A sakate haiM aura phira unakA phala-sukha athavA dukha use svayaM hI bhoganA cAhiye, phira vaha jIvoM ko bAMha pakar3a-pakar3akara naraka meM kyoM DAlatA hai, unakA kyA aparAdha hai| yadi kaheM ki Izvara kI AjJA se hI saba kArya hote haiM to hiMsAdika azubha karmoM kA kartA bhI Izvara ko hI kahA jAnA caahiye| vastutaH zubha-azubha karmoM kA kartA manuSya svayaM hai, svayaM hI unakA phala bhogatA hai| jo ajJAnI jIva haiM vahI Izvara ko doSa diyA karate haiM vAstava meM "apane apane sahaja ke, kartA haiM saba dv| yahai dharma ko mUla hai, samajha lehu jiya srv||" saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI apane-apane svabhAva ke anusAra kArya karate haiM, vahI unakA dharma hai| isa kRti kI racanA pauSa zukla saptamI saM0 1751 vi0 ko kI gii| stuti aura jayamAlA sAhitya mukhya rUpa se pUjA ke do bheda mAne gaye haiM dravya pUjA aura bhAva puujaa| kisI na kisI dravya se ArAdhya ke mUrti-vimba Adi kI pUjA karanA dravya puujaa| aura bhagavAna ko mana meM sthApita karake unakA dhyAna lagAnA athavA unake guNoM kA kIrtana karanA bhAva pUjA hai| dravya pUjA meM bhagavAna kA koI na koI cihna dravya rUpa meM sammukha upasthita rahatA hai aura kucha vastueM- jala, candana, tandula, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa dhUpa Adi arpita kI jAtI haiN| bhAva pUjA meM bhakta bhagavAna kA apane hRdaya meM hI smaraNa kara dhyAna lagAkara unakA stavana karatA hai| dravya pUjA gRhasthoM ke liye nirdhArita kI gaI hai kyoMki nirAkAra kI sthApanA unake liye kaThina hai aura bhAva pUjA sAdhuoM ke liye| stuti, stotra, stavana, guNamAlA, jayamAlA, guNamaMjarI Adi saba bhAva pUjA ke antargata Ate haiN| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM pUjA se tAtparya dravya pUjA se hI liyA jAtA hai| pUjA stotra Adi meM zailIgata bheda hI hai, bhAva kI dRSTi se donoM samAna haiN| kintu kucha loga yaha bhI mAnate haiM 'pUjA koTi samastotra' arthAt eka karor3a bAra pUjA karane se jo phala milatA hai vaha eka bAra ke stotra pATha se upalabdha ho jAtA hai|20 isakA kAraNa bhI hai 40 hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra "pUjaka kA dhyAna pUjana kI brAhRya sAmagrI kI svacchatA Adi para hI rahatA hai, jabaki stuti (67)

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karane vAle bhakta kA dhyAna eka mAtra stutya vyakti ke viziSTa guNoM kI ora hI rahatA hai| vaha ekAgracitta hokara apane stutya ke eka-eka guNa kA varNana manohara zabdoM ke dvArA vyakta karane meM nimagna rahatA hai| bhakta stuti guNamAlA Adi meM bhagavAna ke guNoM kA vibhinna prakAra se kathana karatA hai| jayamAlA meM stutya kA jayajayakAra kiyA jAtA hai| dUsare kI mahattA kA varNana vyakti taba hI kara sakatA hai jaba vaha apanI laghutA kI anubhUti kre| rAma ke 'kharepana' kA anubhava hI taba ho sakatA hai jaba apane 'khoTepana' kI anubhUti ho jaaye|21 apane laghutva aura doSoM kI anubhUti hI ahaM ko vigalita karatI hai aura pApa rUpImala ko dhokara hRdaya ko svaccha karatI hai ataH vinaya jo ki hRdaya kI sAtvikatA kA pratIka hai stuti stotra Adi kI AdhArazilA hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra rAga-dveSa se rahita zuddhAtmA arthAt vItarAgI bhagavAna na kartA hai na bhoktA, na vaha kucha grahaNa karatA hai na kucha pradAna karatA hai, taba jaina bhakta kA usase kisI bhI prakAra kI yAcanA karanA athavA apanA kalyANa karane kI prArthanA karanA kahA~ taka upayukta hai ? AcArya samantabhadra ke anusAra, "vItarAgI bhagavAna ko pUjA vandanA se koI tAtparya nahIM hai, "ve sabhI rAgoM se rahita haiM niMdA se bhI unakA koI prayojana nahIM hai kyoMki unameM se vaira bhAva nikala cukA hai, phira bhI unake puNya guNoM kA smaraNa bhakta ke citta ko pApa-maloM se pavitra karatA hai| "22 vastuta: vItarAgI bhagavAna bhakta ke pUjana vandanAdi bhakti bhAva ko bhI grahaNa nahIM karatA hai phira bhI bhakta saba kucha pA jAtA hai| bhagavAna ke guNoM kA smaraNa bhakta ke hRdaya ko pApamala se rahita kara pavitra karatA hai jisase svayameva hI pUrva karmabaMdha kA kSaya hotA hai aura bhakta kA kalyANa hotA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna bhale hI kucha na de kintu usake nimitta se hI bhakta kI manovAMchA pUrNa hotI hai ata: vaha unheM kartA kahatA hI hai| jisa prakAra cintAmaNi ratna athavA kalpavRkSa acetana hote haiM aura unase phala prApti hotI hai usI prakAra bhagavAna arahaMta yA siddha svayaM rAgadveSa rahita hone para bhI bhaktoM ko unakI bhakti ke anusAra phala dete haiN| isIliye jaina bhakta apanI racanAoM meM jinendra bhagavAna se kabhI yAcanA karatA hai kabhI prArthanA aura kabhI vintii| saMskRta prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASAoM meM jaina stotra paramparA atyanta samRddha hai| hindI jaina sAhitya meM stuti stotra jayamAlA pUjA pATha Adi kI racanA "bhaiyA" jI se pUrva bhI paryApta mAtrA meM hotI rahI aura unake pazcAta (68)

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bhii| jaina pUjA pAThoM meM aSTaka (aSTa dravya visarjana) ke anantara jayamAlA hotI hai vaha stotra kA hI kucha aMzoM meM rUpAntara hai| DaoN0 devendra kumAra zAstrI ke anusAra "jayamAlA kA sAhitya kevala jaina sAhitya kI hI dena hai kyoMki aneka prakAra kI pUjAoM ko vividha rAga rAganiyoM meM padyabaddha karane kA kArya jaina vidvAna evaM AcArya bahuta samaya se karate cale A rahe hai|23 (1) zrI jinapUjASTaka prastuta racanA dravya pUjA ke antargata AtI hai jo jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM atyadhika pracalita hai| prAyaH jaina zrAvaka zrAvikAeM prAtaH jina mandira meM jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa, phala aSTa dravyoM se pUjA karate haiN| pratyeka dravya pratIka rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai| eka-eka pada par3hakara anta meM eka-eka dravya car3hAte haiN| dravya car3hAte samaya jo uddezya bolA jAtA hai usameM yaha pratIka bhAva prakaTa ho jAtA hai| janma jarA mRtyu Adi rogoM ko dhone ke liye jala car3hAte haiN| saMsAra ke santApoM kI zAnti ke lie candana, akSaya pada kI prApti ke lie akSata, kAma ke vikAra ko naSTa karane ke liye puSpa, kSudhA roga ke vinAza hetu naivedya, mohAMdhakAra vinAza ke liye dIpa, aSTakarma jalAne ke liye dhUpa aura mokSa pada kI prApti ke liye phala car3hAte haiN| isa pUjASTaka meM jinendra bhagavAna kI aSTa dravyoM se pUjA kI gaI hai| eka padya draSTavya hai jisameM bhakta bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM puSpa car3hAtA hai| vibhinna puSpoM se kAmadeva ke zara nirmita hote haiM, bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM kAma ke pratIka rUpa meM puSpa arpita karake vaha unase kAma bhAvanA ko naSTa karane kI prArthanA karatA hai"jagata ke jIva jinheM jIta ke gumAnI bhayo, eso kAmadeva eka jodhA jo kahAyo hai| tAke zara jAniyata phalanike vRMda bahu, ketakI kamala kuMda kevarA suhAyo hai| mAlatI sugaMdha cArU belikI aneka jAti, caMpaka gulAba jinacaraNa car3hAyo hai| terI hI zaraNa jina jora na basAya yAko, sumanasoM pUje tohi mohi aiso bhAyo hai||" yaha pUjASTaka 12 kavitta evaM dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (69)

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( 2 ) caturviMzati jinastuti prastuta racanA meM kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI hai| eka-eka chaMda meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara ke janmasthAna mAtA-pitA unake cihna tathA unakI kucha vizeSatAoM kA paricaya dekara aMta meM unakI vaMdanA kI gaI hai jaise " AdinAtha arahaMta, nAbhirAjA kula maMDana / nagara ayodhyA janama, sarva mithyAmati khaMDana / / kevala darzana zuddha vRSabha lakSana tana sohai| dhanuSa pA~ca sau deha, indra zata ke mana mohe / / marudevi mAta nandana sujina tiMhu loka tArana tarana / manabhAva dhAri ika citta soM, bhavya jIva vaMdata carana / / " prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhanAtha kA janma ayodhyA nagarI meM huA thA unake pitA rAjA nAbhirAya the aura mAtA marudevI thIM, unakA zarIra pA~ca sau dhanuSa U~cA thA unakA cihna vRSabha hai, ve kevala darzana ko prApta karane vAle, mithyAmati kA khaMDana karane vAle, tInoM loka ke tArana tarana haiN| mana meM unako dhAraNa kara bhavya jIva (jinameM mokSa prApti kI sAmarthya hai) unakI vaMdanA karate haiN| isI prakAra zrI ajita nAtha, sambhavanAtha; abhinandana nAtha, sumatinAtha, padmaprabhu, supArzvanAtha, candraprabhu, suvidhinAtha, zItalanAtha, zreyAMsanAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, kuMthanAtha, ara:nAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvrata nAtha, naminAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai aura aMta meM eka dohe se caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA ko kalpavRkSa ke samAna batAkara nitya prati isakA pATha karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| caubIsa chappaya tathA mAtrika kavitta chaMdoM meM nibaddha yaha racanA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke liye dainika upayoga kI hai| ( 3 ) videha kSetrastha vartamAna jina viMzatikA caturviMzati jina stuti ke samAna hI isa racanA meM bhI videha kSetra meM sthita bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA kI gaI hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiMzrI zrImaMdhara, zrIyugamaMdhara, zrI bAhu, zrI subAhu, zrI sujAti, zrI svayaMprabhu, zrI RSabhAnana, zrI anantavIrya, zrI sUraprabhu, zrI vizAla, zrI vajradhara, zrI candrAnana, zrI candrabAhu, zrI bhujaMgama, zrI nemaprabhu, zrI vIrasena, zrI mahAbhadra, (70)

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zrI devajasa, zrI ajitavIrya / anta meM eka dohe aura kavitta meM bIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI sAmUhika rUpa se vaMdanA kI gaI hai| yaha racanA bIsa kavitta, savaiyA aura chappaya chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (4) paramAtmA kI jayamAlA - sAta dohoM kI saMkSipta-sI isa racanA meM kavi ne parama AtmA kI vibhinna vizeSatAoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| vaha ananta zakti se sampanna hai usakI samAnatA koI nahIM kara sktaa| vaha lokAloka kA jJAna dhAraNa kie hue hai janma maraNa se pare hai, ananta sukha usakA svabhAva hai, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina cAroM kaSAyoM kA nAza ho cukA hai, 'para' kA raMcamAtra bhI sparza nahIM hai arthAt AtmA ke atirikta sabhI kucha zarIra bhI para ( parAyA) hai usameM raMcamAtra bhI lipta nahIM hai, avinAzI avikAra hai vahI nizcita rUpa se paramAtmA hai| " para kA parasa raMca nahIM jahA~ / zuddha satya kahAvai tahA~ / / avinAzI avicala avikAra / so paramAtama hai niradhAra / / " yaha racanA sAta dohA chaMdoM meM baddha hai| ( 5 ) tIrthaMkara jayamAlA isa racanA ke prArambha meM kavi ne bhagavAna jinendra ko praNAma kara tIrthaMkara kI vibhinna vizeSatAeM batAkara unakA jayajayakAra kiyA hai| +9 'jayajaya tama nAzana pragaTa bhaan| jaya jaya jita indrina tU pradhAna || jayajaya. cAritra su yathAkhyAta / jaya jaya adhanizi nAzana prabhAta / / tama arthAt ajJAna aura moha ke aMdhakAra kA nAza karane vAle sUrya ke samAna tumhArI jaya ho, indriyoM ko jItane vAle tumhArI jaya ho, tumhArA cAritra saMsAra meM vikhyAta hai pApa rUpI rAtri kA samApana karane vAle prabhAta ke samAna tumhArI jaya ho / 41 anta meM kavivara ne eka hI chaMda meM samasta adhyAtma kA sAra bharakara mAnava ko mokSa kA sarala sA mArga sujhAyA hai| " te nija rasarattA taja parasattA, tuma sama nija dhyAvahi ghaTa meM || te zivagati pAvaiM bahura na AvaiM, basaiM siMdhu sukha ke taTa meM / / " prastuta racanA nau paddhari, dohA evaM ghattA chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (71)

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(6) zrI munirAja jayamAlA jaina bhakti meM guru kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai, yahA~ paMcaguru mAne gae haiM arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu, inheM hI paMcaparameSThI kahA gayA hai| Atmazuddhi kI ora kramika uttarottara vikAsa ke hI ye vibhinna stara haiN| guru vaha hai jo samyak patha arthAt mokSamArga kA nirdezana kre| isa pada kA adhikArI vahI vyakti ho sakatA hai jo usa patha para cala cukA ho athavA cala rahA ho| sacce sAdhu usa patha para calate haiM, usake aMga-aMga se paricita hote haiM vahI saMsArI jIvoM ko usa patha kA anusaraNa karane meM sahAyatA de sakate haiN| isa racanA meM kavi ne muniyoM ke kaThina AcaraNa kI vizeSatAeM batAte hue unako namana kiyA hai| ve paMca mahAvrata (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha) kA pAlana karate haiM- SaTa Avazyaka (sAmayika, stuti, vaMdanA, svAdhyAya, pratikramaNa aura kAyotsarga) bhUmi para zayana karate haiM- nagna rahate haiM, eka hI bAra sUkSma sA AhAra grahaNa karate haiM, bAIsa parISaha (dekhie pariziSTa) sahate hue kaThina tapasyA karate haiN| isa muniguNamAlA ko jo apane hRdaya meM dhAraNa karatA hai vaha janamamaraNa ke bhaya se mukta ho zivasaMpati ko prApta karatA "yaha zrImuni guNamAlikA, jo pahire ura maahi|| tinako zivasaMpati mile, janma marana bhaya naahiN||" prastuta kRti dasa dohA chaMdoM meM baddha eka geya racanA hai| (7) ahikSiti-pArzvanAtha jina-stuti AcArya vasunandi ne vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM pUjA ke chaH bheda svIkAra kiye haiM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhaav| parameSThiyoM kI smRti se cihnita sthAnoM kI pUjA karanA hI kSetra pUjA hai| prastuta racanA meM teIsave tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha jI se sambaMdhita prasiddha tIrtha ahikSetra kI vandanA kI gaI hai| yaha sthala bhagavAna pArzvanAtha (IsA se 850 varSa pUrva) ke samaya se bhI pUrva pUjanIya thA, pArzvanAtha vihAra karate samaya jaba yahA~ padhAre aura dhyAnamagna the usa samaya unake pUrva janma ke bairI kamaTha ke jIva saMvara nAmaka jyotiSI deva ne unake Upara pASANa varSA karake ghora upasarga kiyA taba devI padmAvatI aura dharaNendra deva ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke Upara 'nAgaphaNa maMDala rUpa' chatra lagAkara unake prati apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa kI thI tabhI se yaha sthala (72)

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ahicchatra yA ahikSetra nAma se prasiddha ho gyaa| bhakta zraddheya se sambandha rakhane vAlI pratyeka vastu aura sthAna se bhI bhAvAtmaka sambandha rakhatA hai, usakI vandanA karanA usake liye svAbhAvika hI hai| isa racanA meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambaMdhita isa ghaTanA kA ullekha karake pavitra tIrthasthala ahikSetra kI vandanA kI gaI hai| isa stuti kI racanA kArtika mAsa kI zukla pakSa (sudI) kI dazamI guruvAra saMvat 1731 ko huI thI tathA yaha dasa dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| ( 8 ) jinaguNamAlA isa racanA meM kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ne tIrthakaroM kI vandanA kI hai, unhIM tIrthakaroM kI jo 18 doSoM se mukta aura chiyAlIsa guNoM se yukta haiN| pahale kavi ne batAyA ki unake guNoM kA uttarottara kaise vikAsa hotA hai| dasa guNa to unameM janmata: hI hote haiM jaise unakA zarIra prasveda rahita tathA mala rahita hotA hai, unakA rakta zveta hotA hai, zarIra atyaMta suDaula evaM dyutivAna hotA hai, zarIra kI sugaMdha kitane hI yojana taka phailatI hai, zarIra atyaMta balavAna hotA hai, mukha se vacana sudhA ke samAna jharate haiM phira dasa guNa aura prakAza meM Ate haiM jaise unake cAroM ora do sau yojana dUra taka acchI phasala hotI hai bhagavAna ke caraNa dharatI para nahIM par3ate, unase kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta nahIM hotA, AhAra bhI nahIM grahaNa karate, unake zarIra kI chAyA nahIM par3atI unake keza aura nakha nahIM bar3hate tathA palaka bhI nahIM jhapakate / tatpazcAt 14 guNa devatAoM dvArA kRta hote haiM dharA darpaNavat nirmala ho jAtI hai, dakSiNa dizA se maMda sugandha pavana calatI hai, bhUmi dhUla aura kaMTakoM se rahita ho jAtI hai| AkAza svaccha ho jAtA hai, dhana dhAnya kI vRddhi tathA cAroM ora Ananda kI vRSTi hotI hai dharmacakra bhagavAna ke Age-Age calatA hai| tIrthaMkaratva kI prApti para ATha lakSaNa aura parilakSita hote haiM- yahI aSTa prAtihArya kahalAte haiM, samasta dukha santApa ko harane vAle azoka vRkSa, puSpa varSA, dundubhivAdana, jayajayakAra kI divyadhvani, bhagavAna ke Upara trichatra ( tIna chatra) aura nIce siMhAsana, mukha ke pIche prabhAmaMDala aura cAroM ora camara dulAye jAte haiN| 19 "causaTha cavara DharahiM cahu~ ora / sevahiM indra megha jima mora / / ' inake atirikta bhagavAna 4 guNoM se yukta hote haiM jo ananta catuSTaya kahalAte haiM; anantajJAna, anantadarzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya / isa prakAra jinendra bhagavAna 46 guNoM se yukta hote haiM tathA kSudhA, tRSA, jarA, roga, janma, (73)

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maraNa, bhaya, mada, rAga, dveSa, moha, cintA, arati, nidA, vismaya, viSAda, sveda aura kheda ina 18 doSoM se rahita hote hai| vaise to bhagavAna ananta guNoM ke svAmI haiM kintu vyavahAra kI dRSTi se isa prakAra kahA gayA hai| prastuta racanA ikkIsa dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (9) paMcaparameSThi namaskAra ___arahaMta siddha AcArya upAdhyAya aura sAdhu paMca-parameSThI kahalAte haiM, inheM hI paMcaguru bhI kahate haiN| yaha krama sAdhu se siddha taka uttarottara adhikAdhika Atmazuddhi kI dRSTi se rakhA gayA hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA sarvAdhika prasiddha aura lokapriya 'NamokAra maMtra' paMca parameSThI se hI sambaMdhita hai| yadyapi siddha arahaMta se bhI U~ce hote haiM, arahaMta ke pazcAta siddha pada kI prApti hotI hai, arahaMta sazarIra hote haiM siddha zarIra bhI tyAga cuke hote haiM, ekadama mukta, phira bhI arahaMta ko siddha se pUrva sthAna milA hai kyoMki ve tapa karake kevala jJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt dharmopadeza karate hue lokopakAra karate haiN| jaina paramparA meM isa 'NamokAra maMtra' ko anAdi anidhana mAnA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 14 pUrvo kI vidyA apane gaNadharoM ko svayaM pradAna kI thii| unameM se vidyAnuvAdapUrva (jaina maMtra vidyA kA zAstra) kA prArambha isI NamokAra maMtra se huA thaa| upalabdha aitihAsika sAmagrI ke AdhAra para NamokAra maMtra kA prAcInatama ullekha hAthI guphA ke zilAlekha meM prApta hotA hai, jinake nirmANakartA kaliMgAdhipati samrATa khAravela IsA se 170 varSa pUrva hue the| isa laghu racanA meM kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne pA~coM parameSThiyoM kI vizeSatAeM batAkara nitya prAtaH unakA smaraNa karate hue namana karane kA saMdeza diyA hai| yaha racanA chaha dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (10) nivArNakAMDa bhASA __ isa racanA meM sabhI nirvANa kSetroM kI vandanA kI gaI hai| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA kailAza parvata se, 12 veM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya kA caMpApura se, 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA giranAra parvata se aura 24 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pAvApura se nirvANa huA hai zeSa bIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko zrI sammeda zikhara (bihAra) se mokSa kI prApti huI hai tathA aneka muniyoM kI bhI makti huI hai| kavi ne prArambha meM ina pA~coM siddha kSetroM (nirvANa kSetra) kI vaMdanA kI hai tatpazcAt pAvAgiri, zatrujayagiri, gajapaMtha siddhavara kUTa, bar3avAnI, doNagiri, kuMthalagiri, meDhagiri Adi tIrthoM kI vandanA kI hai jahA~ se (74)

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koTi-koTi munivara mokSagAmI hue haiN| 21 caupAI tathA eka dohA chaMda meM baddha isa racanA kA sRjana vi0 samvat 1741 kI Azvina sudI dazamI ke dina kiyA gyaa| ( 11 ) nandIzvara dvIpa kI jayamAlA jaina zAstroM ke anusAra, madhyaloka meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa aura samudra haiM una sabake madhya meM jambUdvIpa hai use lavaNa samudra ghere hue hai phira eka dvIpa phira eka sAgara isI prakAra ananta dvIpa aura sAgara haiN| isI krama meM aSTama dvIpa hai nandIzvara dviip| inameM 52 vizAla evaM akRtrima jinamaMdira haiM arthAt anAdi kAla se ina maMdiroM meM pA~ca dhanuSa U~cI jina pratimAeM virAjamAna haiN| kArtika, phAlguna aura ASAr3ha ke antima ATha dinoM - aSTAnhikA parva meM saudharma tathA anya indra nandIzvara dvIpa meM jAkara ina akRtrima jina maMdiroM meM sthApita pratimAoM kA abhiSeka tathA pUjana karate haiN| prastuta racanA meM pahale kavi ne nandIzvara dvIpa kI sthiti usake AkAra-prakAra usake kSetraphala Adi kA paricaya diyA hai, unameM sthita jina pratimAoM kA varNana karake anta meM unakI vaMdanA kI hai| 44 'bhaiyA' nitaprati zIza nvaay| vaMdana karahi parama guNa gAya / iha dhyAvata nija pAvata shii| tau jayamAlA nandIzvara khii||' 19 prastuta racanA pandraha dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha hai| ( 12 ) akRtrima caityAlaya kI jayamAlA jaina zAstroM ke anusAra triloka (Urdhva, madhya, pAtAla) meM asaMkhyAta akRtrima (manuSya dvArA nirmita nahIM) jina caityAlaya haiN| madhya loka meM ar3hAI dvIpa meM tIna sau aTThAnaveM, nandIzvara dvIpa meM bAvana, kuMDalavara dvIpa meM cAra aura rUcakavara dvIpa meM cAra akRtrima jina caityAlaya haiN| isa prakAra madhya loka meM kevala cAra sau aTThAvana akRtrima caityAlaya haiN| 24 Urdhva aura pAtAla loka meM asaMkhya akRtrima caityAlaya haiN| inako anAdi - anidhana mAnate haiN| isa racanA meM vibhinna dvIpoM ke akRtrima caityAlayoM kI gaNanA karake anta meM unakI vandanA kI gaI hai| jayamAlA kI kavi ke dvArA bhAdrapada zukla caturdazI guruvAra samvat 1745 ko racanA kI gii| yaha taiMtIsa dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (13) caturvizati tIrthaMkara jayamAlA Adi meM kavi ne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI sAmUhika rUpa se vaMdanA kI hai, tatpazcAt eka eka tIrthaMkara kI kisI vizeSatA kA saMketa dete hue unakA (75)

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11 jayajayakAra kiyA hai| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM" jaya jaya jinadeva supArzva pAsa || jaya jaya guNapuMja kahai nivAsa / / jaya jaya candraprabha caMdrakAnti // jaya jaya tihuM purajana hara bhrAnti / / arthAt vikAroM para vijaya prApta karane vAle, guNoM ke samUha jinendra bhagavAna supArzvanAtha tumhArI jaya ho / candramA kI jyotsanA ke samAna zItalatA pradAna karane vAle tathA prANiyoM kI mithyA bRddhi ko naSTa karane vAle candraprabhu bhagavAna kI jaya ho / prastuta racanA satraha dohA dhattA tathA paddhari chandoM meM nibaddha hai| ( 14 ) jinadharma pacIsikA - isa racanA meM kavi ne jainadharma kI kucha vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlakara usakI mahattA batAI hai aura usakA jayajayakAra kiyA hai| chahoM dravya (jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, kAla, AkAza) navatatva (jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, pApa, puNya) Adi kA jJAna jinadharma hI prApta kara sakatA hai| jIva meM ananta zakti hai, vaha zarIra se bhinna hai, rAgadveSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI karmabaMdha hotA hai ina baMdhanoM ko tor3akara hI vaha mokSagAmI ho sakatA hai| isa sabakA jJAna jainadharma hI pradAna karatA hai - "jainadharma parasAda jIva saba karma khapAvai / jainadharma parasAda jIva paMcama gati pAvai / jainadharma parasAda bahuri bhava meM nahi Avai / jainadharma parasAda Apa parabrahma kahAvai / " aTThAIsa dohe chappaya savaiyA evaM kavitta chaMdoM meM baddha isa kRti kI racanA kavi ne vi0 saM0 1750 kI bhAdra sudi pUrNimA ko kI thii| upadezAtmaka sAhitya sAhitya aura samAja kA aTUTa sambandha hai| jahA~ eka ora sAhitya apane yuga ke samAja kA darpaNa hai vahIM dUsarI ora usameM apane yuga ke liye zAzvata saMdeza bhI antarnihita rahatA hai| vastutaH sAhitya sRjana karate samaya sAhityakAra ke sammukha koI lakSya avazya rahatA hai| sAmAnyataH vaha apanI AtmAnubhUti ko svayaM taka sImita na rakhakara use jana jana kI anubhUti banA denA cAhatA hai aura svaarjita anubhava rAzi ko jana sAmAnya meM vitarita kara denA cAhatA hai jisase bhAvI pIr3hiyA~ usase lAbha prApta karatI rheN| AcAryoM ne (76)

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sAhitya sRjana ke aneka prayojanoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| AcArya mammaTa ne kAvya-prakAza meM kAvya ke nimnalikhita prayojana batAye haiM "kAvyaM yazase'rthakRte vyavahAravide shivetrksstye| sadyaH para nirvRttaye, kAntAsammita tayopadeza yuje||" arthAt kAvya se yaza aura dhana kI prApti hotI hai, vaha mAnava ko vyavahAra kuzala banAtA hai, akalyANakArI tatvoM kA kSaya karatA hai, zIghra hI mukti kI prApti karAtA hai tathA preyasI ke samAna madhura upadeza detA hai| yahA~ 'kAntA' zabda sAbhiprAya hai| upadeza prabhu-sammita bhI hotA hai, prAyaH nItijJoM evaM dharmazAstroM ke dvArA pradatta upadeza isI prakAra kA hotA hai jaise 'satyaM vada', 'dharmaM cara' Adi, kintu isameM vaha mAdhurya aura prabhAva kahA~ jo preyasI ke upedaza meM hotA hai| svAmI kI AjJA kI to eka bAra upekSA bhI kI jA sakatI hai kintu 'kAntA sammita upadeza' itanA prabhAvazAlI hotA hai ki usakI upekSA karanA sarala nahIM hotaa| sAhitya kA upadeza isI prakAra kA hotA hai| vyApaka dRSTi se dekheM to sAhitya meM prAyaH koI na koI saMdeza nihita rahatA hI hai, kahIM vaha pratyakSa rUpa meM to kahIM prachanna rUpa meN| kathA, kahAnI, upanyAsa, nATaka koI na koI zikSA athavA saMdeza hRdaya para avazya chor3a jAte haiM kintu jisa sAhitya meM yaha tatva pramukha aura pratyakSa hotA hai use upadezAtmaka sAhitya kI saMjJA de dI jAtI hai| nIti sAhitya bhI mUlataH udezAtmaka sAhitya hai| DaoN0 bholAnAtha tivArI ne apane zodha prabandha 'hindI nIti kAvya' meM 'nIti' zabda kA sambandha saMskRta kI 'NIya' dhAtu se batAyA hai, jisakA artha 'le jAnA' hotA hai arthAt 'nIti kA kArya manuSya ko jIvana meM agrasara karanA hai| isa prakAra nIti kAvya athavA upadezAtmaka sAhitya mAnava ko karttavya kI ora prerita karatA hai| sAhitya meM satyaM, zivaM, sundaram tInoM kA ucita samanvaya hI samIcIna hotA hai| saundarya tatva kI upekSA karane vAlA sAhitya to lalita sAhitya kI koTi meM hI nahIM A pAtA, satya se vihIna sAhitya AkAza kusuma ke samAna yathArtha se dUra ho jAtA hai aura zivaM tatva kI upekSA karane vAlA sAhitya ekAMgI aura paMgu ho jAtA hai| rItikAlIna adhikAMza sAhitya isakA pramANa hai| vAstava meM sAhitya vahI hai jo bhUle hue pathikoM ko sanmArga para lagA de, tar3apate hue ko sAntvanA pradAna kare aura jIvana sudhAra ke mArga ko prazasta bnaave| kucha vidvAnoM ne upadezAtmaka athavA nIti kAvya ko ucca koTi kA sAhitya nahIM mAnA hai| hindI ke mUrdhanya Alocaka AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne nIti ke (77)

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phuTakala padya racane vAloM ko kavi svIkAra na karake 'saktikAra' kI saMjJA dI hai aura brahmajJAna vairAgya Adi kA upadeza dene vAle jJAnopadezakoM ko unhoMne kevala 'padyakAra' kahA hai, kintu unake kathana para gambhIratA se vicAra karane para isakA kAraNa jJAta ho jAtA hai| nItikAroM evaM jJAnopadezakoM-donoM ke hI kAvya meM anubhUti tathA rasAtmaka prabhAva kA prAyaH abhAva hone ke kAraNa hI zukla jI ne aisA kahA hai aura yaha ucita hI hai| pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki sauMdarya tatva kI upekSA karane vAlA sAhitya lalita sAhitya kI sImA se bAhara hI raha jAtA hai| 'vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyaM' ke anusAra rasAtmakatA kAvya kI AdhArazilA hai, ataH nIti athavA upadeza jaba 'sarasatA' ke sAtha prastuta kiye jAte haiM taba ve sAhitya ke aMtargata svIkRta hI nahIM hote varana uccakoTi ke kAvya bana jAte haiN| zukla jI ne svayaM isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai|25 isake atirikta sAhitya meM upadeza jitanA hI parokSa rahegA utanA hI vaha ucca koTi kA mAnA jaayegaa| baMgalA ke prasiddha lekhaka baMkimacandra ne bhI kahA hai ki, 'kavi saMsAra ke zikSaka haiM, kintu nIti kI vyAkhyA karake zikSA nahIM dete| ve sauMdarya kI caramasRSTi karake saMsAra kI cittazuddhi karate haiN| kavi AMDena bhI kAvya kA karttavya, upadeza denA nahIM mAnatA tathApi acche-bure se hameM saceta kara denA sAhitya kA Adarza avazya mAnatA hai|26 isa prakAra sAhitya meM upadezAtmakatA ke mahatva ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha usake liye yuga-dIpa kA kArya bhI karatA hai| sAhityakAra apane anubhava rUpI dIpaka ke prakAza meM jana sAmAnya kA patha-prazasta karanA cAhatA hai| DaoN bholAnAtha tivArI ke zabdoM meM"isakI (nIti kI) eka-eka bAta jIvana ke khare anubhavoM se sikta hai aura eka ora yadi vaha bhUta ke anubhavoM kA sAra hai to dUsarI ora vartamAna aura bhAvI samAja kI pradarzikA hai|" sAtha hI isa tathya ko bhI svIkara karanA par3egA ki sAhitya meM upadezAtmakatA prakaTa na hokara jitanI pracchanna rUpa meM vidyamAna hogI utanA hI vaha kAvya zreSTha mAnA jaayegaa| sAhitya meM upadezAtmakatA kI pravRtti hamAre yahA~ prArambha se hI rahI hai| saMskRta meM Rgveda, IzAvAsyopaniSada, taittarIya, kaThopaniSad Adi meM yatra-tatra nIti-vAkya bikhare hue haiM, mahAbhArata meM dhaumya nIti, viduranIti, bhISmanIti tathA smRtiyoM meM manusmRti kA eka-eka zloka upadeza se paripUrNa hai| cANakya-nIti, bhartRhari kA nIti-zataka tathA paMcataMtra kI kathAeM to isa dRSTi (78)

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se paryApta prasiddhi bhI prApta kara cukI haiN| pAlI sAhitya meM 'dhammapada' jise bauddha dharma kI gItA kahA gayA hai tathA bhagavAna buddha kI pUrvajanma kI kathAoM kA saMgraha 'jAtaka' tathA prAkRta bhASA meM 'gAhA satasaI' kA nAma isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai| inake atirikta bhI vipula sAhitya isa dRSTi se upalabdha hai| hindI sAhitya meM bhI kabIra, tulasI, rahIma, giridhara kavirAya, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, bhUdhara dAsa Adi ne bhI upadezaparaka sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| yahA~ bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI upadezapradhAna racanAoM kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| (1) puNyapacIsikA isa racanA meM kavi ne pahale sAmUhika rUpa se paMcaparameSThI - arahaMta siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu kI pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa se vizeSatAeM batAte hue stuti kI hai| tatpazacAt kavi sAMsArika mAnava ko apanA AtmotthAna karane ke liye vibhinna prakAra se upadeza detA hai| isa nAzavAna saMsAra meM AtmA hI eka zAzvata satya hai ataH usI ke vikAsa meM rata rahanA caahiye| mUrkha mAnava pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya sukha meM rata rahatA hai aura una pApa karmoM kA baMdhana karatA hai jo use narakAdika dukhoM kI prApti karAte haiN| saMsAra ke sabhI aizvarya sukha samRddhi jina para ajJAnI mAnava garva karatA hai, nazvara haiM, dhUmra megha ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hai 27 sAMsArika sambaMdha mAtA, pitA, suta, banitA, bandhu saba mithyA haiM, inake moha ke vazIbhUta hokara yaha jIva saMsAra ke anya padArthoM se rAgadveSa kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai aura isI kAraNa karmoM kA baMdhana hotA hai| viSayAsakta aura rAgadveSa se yukta mAnava jJAnazAstroM kA nityaprati manana karane para bhI usI prakAra ajJAnI hai jisa prakAra rasavyaMjana meM karachI nirantara banI rahane para bhI usake svAda ko grahaNa nahIM krtii| 28 paccIsa kavitta, savaiyA, dohA, Adi chaMdoM meM nibaddha isa kAvya kI racanA kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne saMvat 1733 me phAguna mAsa meM kRSNa pakSa meM kii| (2) akSara battIsikA prastuta racanA meM kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ne hindI varNamAlA ke pratyeka akSara ke AdhAra para mAnava ko koI na koI upadeza diyA hai| mAnava yadi inase apane jIvana ko ekAkAra karale to saMsAra ke baMdhanoM ko kATa kara mukti kI prApti kara sakatA hai| sarvaprathama varNamAlA ke sabhI akSara paMca parameSThI (arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu) ke pratIka rUpa 'om' kA namana karatA haiN| tatpazcAt varNamAlA kA prathama vyaMjana 'ka' mAnava ko karana (79)

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arthAt indriyoM ko vaza meM karane tathA kanaka evaM kAminI se virata rahane kA saMdeza detA hai| 'gha' manuSya ko 'svaghara' (mokSa) ko pahicAnane kA saMdeza detA hai to 'ca' caMcala mana ko sthira karane kaa| 'ja' jaina dharma meM zraddhA karane kA, 'Tha' varNa aSTa karmarUpI ATha ThagoM se sAvadhAna rahane kA, 'pa' paramapada kI prApti kI preraNA detA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka akSara koI na koI upadeza detA hai| prastuta racanA meM kalApakSa kI pradhAnatA hai tathA jAyasI ke 'akharAvaTa' se sAmya hai| yaha racanA paiMtIsa dohA caupAI Adi chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (3) phuTakara kavitA yadyapi saMgraha meM phuTakara kavitA ke kucha chaMda jinapUjASTaka ke pazcAt rakhe gaye haiM aura chaMda saMkhyA jinapUjASTaka ke bAraha chaMdoM ke pazcAt teraha se Arambha kI gaI hai tathApi ina phuTakara kavittoM kA jinapUjASTaka se koI sambandha nahIM hai| aura sUcI meM bhI isakA nAma eka svataMtra racanA ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| cAra chaMdoM meM se eka meM bhagavAna ke aSTaprAtihArya kA varNana tathA zeSa meM bahudevavAda kA tyAga, bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI upAsanA, jinendra bhagavAna kI mahattA tathA siddha aura brahma kI ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt ekAkSarI, dvayakSarI, tryakSarI, caturakSarI aura praznottara rUpa meM pA~ca dohe hai jinameM kalAtmaka camatkAra adhika hai| (4) zikSA chaMda jaisA ki isake nAma se hI vidita hotA hai isa racanA meM kavi ne mAnava ko zarIra aura saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA saMdeza dekara svayaM ko pahacAnane kI zikSA pradAna kI hai| "re mUr3ha acetana. kachu ika ceto, Akhira jaga meM maranA hai," yahI mukhya paMkti hai aura yahI mukhya bhAva hai| tatpazcAt bhinna-bhinna sAMsArika tatvoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kI ora saMketa kara aMta meM kavi ne kahA hai ki mAnava, jinadeva kA smaraNa kara jisase terA uddhAra ho sakatA hai| prastuta racanA meM 12 dohA aura marahaThA chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| (5) paramArtha pada paMkti __ prastuta racanA geya padoM kA saMgraha hai jinameM vibhinna viSayoM para kavi ke hRdaya kI tIvra anubhUti nirjhara ke rUpa meM pravAhita huI hai| inameM prathama paMkti meM hI pUre pada kA mukhya bhAva samAhita rahatA hai aura usI paMkti kI bAra-bAra AvRti hotI hai| kahIM vaha zarIra kI nikRSTatA batAte hue kaha uThatA hai 'yA dehI ko zuci kahA kIje,' kahIM manuSya janma ko bahumUlya batAkara usako (80)

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naSTa na kara dene kA upadeza detA hai "are taiM ju yaha janma gmaayore|" kabhI saMsAra ke svArthapUrNa sambandhoM kI nissAratA dekhakara usake hRdaya se yaha pada nisRta hotA hai, 'aba maiM chAD.yo para jNjaal|' kabhI vaha svaAtmAlocana meM DUbakara alApane lagatA hai, "chA~r3i de abhimAna jiya re|' kabhI vaha apanI cetanA ke prabuddha hone para magana hokara gunagunAne lagatA hai 'dekho merI sakhIye Aja cetana ghara aavai|' ye pada bhairava, devagaMdhAra, bilAvala, kAphI, sAraMga, vihAga, soraTha, kedArA Adi aneka rAga rAganiyoM meM baddha haiN| (6) mithyAtva vidhvaMsana caturdazI prastuta racanA meM sarvaprathama caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA karake kavi ne mithyA buddhi jIva kI avasthA batAI hai| vaha apane svarUpa ko bhUla kara viSaya vAsanAoM meM lipta rahatA hai aura apanI isI avasthA ko vAstavika avasthA samajhatA hai| jaba taka paradravya (pudgala) se usakA anurAga nahIM chUTa sakatA taba taka na hI karmoM kA baMdhana chUTa sakatA hai na hI mokSa kI prApti ho sakatI hai| kavi jIva ko aneka prakAra se sambodhatA huA aMta meM isa bhAvabaMdhana ke chUTane kI kuMjI rUpa isa rahasya ko udghATita karatA hai ki moha hI karmavRkSa kA mUla hai| mUla ko ukhAr3ane para vRkSa svayaM dharAzAyI ho jAyegA aura sArI zAkhAeM patra sahita kumhAlA jaayeNgii| yaha racanA caudaha, chappaya, kavitta, dohA Adi chaMdoM meM nibaddha haiN| (7) siddhacaturdazI prastuta racanA meM kavi ne brahma aura siddha kI ekatA kA pratipAdana karane ke pazcAt batAyA hai ki jIva meM siddha hone kI samasta zakti vidyamAna hai| "khola dRga dekhi rUpa aho avinAzI bhUpa, siddha kI samAna saba topeM siddha khiye|" jJAna varNa rUpa rasa gaMdha sparza zabda Adi ke indriya jJAna meM nahIM hai, jJAna kI upalabdhi to Atma svarUpa ko samajhane meM hai| vItarAga bhagavAna kI vANI para zraddhA rakhane se zuddha jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| rAgadveSa kI saMgati se hI karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai aura usase hI jIva isa saMsAra meM idhara udhara bhaTakatA hai| yaha racanA caudaha, chappaya, savaiyA kavitta aura dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (8) kAlASTaka prastuta racanA meM kavi ne kAla arthAt mRtyu kA sarvavyApI AtaMka batAyA hai ki jina tIrthaMkaroM ko tInoM loka ke svAmI zIza jhukAte haiM ve bhI (81)

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mRtyu ko prApta hote haiM tathA cakravartI samrATa bhI kAla ke mukha se nahIM baca pAte / kintu ve siddha paramAtmA dhanya haiM jinhoMne aise baliSTha kAla ko bhI vijaya kara liyA hai, ataH mAnava mAtra ko unhIM kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhiye / yaha racanA ATha dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| ( 9 ) upedaza pacIsikA yaha jIva anantakAla se vibhinna gatiyoM meM bhaTaka rahA hai tathA ananta kaSTa bhoga rahA hai| una kaSTadAyI paristhitiyoM meM aura adhika rahakara kyA karanA hai| / isa racanA kA kendrIya bhAva isI arddhAlI para AdhArita hai " ete para etA kyA karanA" (jo pratyeka caupAI ke anta meM hai) nigoda meM jIva eka zvAsa meM 18 bAra janma letA va maratA hai, sthAvara jIva ke rUpa meM aneka kaSToM ko bhogatA hai| pazu pakSI ke zarIra rUpa meM aneka dukhoM ko sahatA hai naraka gati ke dukha to asIma hai| bar3I kaThinAI se manuSya paryAya milatI hai manuSya phira bhI viSaya bhogoM meM lipta ho jAtA hai / kavi mAnava ko saceta karanA cAhatA hai" parasaMgati ke to dukha pAvai, tabahu toko lAja na Avai / vAsana saMga nIra jyoM, jaranA ete para etA kyA karanA / / " kavi ne 24 caupAI aura 3 dohoM meM baddha isa kRti kI racanA vi0 saM0 1741 ke mArgazIrSa ke zukla pakSa meM kI hai| (10) subuddhi caubIsI jaina dharma mAnya tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA karane ke pazcAt kavi ne bAhaya ADambara jaTAjUTa dhAraNa karanA, zarIra meM bhasma lagAnA Adi kI vyarthatA siddha karake mAnava deha ke prati moha tyAga kara vItarAgI banane kA saMdeza diyA hai| yaha racanA 24 kavitta savaiyA, anaMgazekhara, chappaya dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| ( 11 ) anitya pacIsikA kavi kI dRSTi isa racanA meM saMsAra aura jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA para hI kendrita rahI hai| manuSya yaha jAnate huye bhI ki isa saMsAra meM use sadaiva nahIM rahanA hai aura na hI vaha kucha sAtha le jA sakatA hai taba bhI jhUTha saca bolakara koTi-koTi saMgraha karane meM rata rahatA hai| kavi manuSya ko saceta karate hue, viSaya vAsanAoM tathA bAhRya ADambaroM se dUra rahakara jinavANI para zraddhA rakhane kA upadeza detA hai, usI se usakA uddhAra sambhava hai| pUrI racanA chabbIsa kavitta aura dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (82)

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(12) supaMtha kupaMtha pacIsikA isa saMsAra meM jIva vibhinna prakAra kI kriyAoM meM rata hai unameM se kauna sI ucita hai kauna sI anucita hai tathA use kyA karanA cAhiye, yahI batAnA isa racanA meM kavi kA uddezya hai| jIva cetanA yukta hote hue bhI acetana banA rahatA hai| vaha sacce aura jhUThe deva, guru aura zAstra meM antara nahIM kara pAtA, bAhRya-ADambaroM ko dharma kA paMtha samajhatA hai| supaMtha vahI hai jise sarvajJa prabhu ne batAyA hai tathA jahA~ saba tatvoM kA bheda batAyA gayA hai| jIva dravya jaba para-dravyoM se moha tyAga detA hai taba vaha mokSa meM jA pahu~catA haiN| yaha racanA 27 kavitta savaiyA tathA dohA chaMdoM meM baddha hai| (13) mohabhramASTaka jIva dravya, ajIva dravya pudgala (zarIra) se bhinna hai kintu vaha bhrama ke kAraNa use bhinna nahIM samajhatA, use hI apanA vAstavika svarUpa samajhatA hai aura usase atyadhika prema karatA hai yahI jIva ke sAre kaSToM kA mUla hai| jinamata ne hI isa rahasya ko batAyA hai anya mata to mAnava kI buddhi ko aura bhI adhika bhramita karane vAle haiN| vaha yuga khaMDana maMDana kA yuga thA ataH kavi ne bhI usI zailI ko apanA kara anya matamatAntaroM kI AlocanA kI hai| prastuta racanA ATha kavitta aura tIna dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (14) Azcarya caturdazI vItarAgI tIrthaMkara jaba arahaMta avasthA meM hote haiM arthAt siddha (mukta) hone se pUrva zarIra yukta avasthA meM rahate haiM taba unake asAmAnya kriyA kalApoM ko dekhakara sAmAnya jIva Azcarya meM par3a jAte haiN| ve bahuta samaya taka bhojana nahIM krte| bolate haiM to unake oSTha nahI hilate kintu zrotA apanI-apanI bhASA meM unake saMdeza ko grahaNa kara lete haiN| isa racanA meM kavi ne bahirlApikA aura antarlApikA paddhati ko apanAyA hai jisameM chappaya ke Arambhika bhAga meM svayaM bahuta se prazna karatA hai tatpazcAt AdhI paMkti meM una sabake uttara bhI de detA hai| prastuta racanA pandraha kavitta chappaya aura dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (15) puNyapApa jaga mUla pacIsI puNya aura pApa ye donoM hI saMsAra ke mUla haiM inake kAraNa hI saMsAra meM sukhI manuSya dukhI dikhAI detA hai| ina donoM se pRthaka hone para hI sukha kI prApti sambhava hai| kintu jIva to anAdikAla se bhrama kI nIMda meM so rahA hai, (83)

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vaha saMsAra meM atyadhika magna hai / kavi usase pUchatA hai ki tere sAtha yahA~ se kauna - kauna jAyegA - putra, patnI dhana yA zarIra ? koI bhI nahIM jAyegA, taba jahA~ jAnA hai vahA~ kA sAthI khoja / prastuta racanA sattAIsa kavitta, chappaya dohA Adi chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (16) mUr3hASTaka prastuta racanA meM kavi ne saMsAra meM mUrkha manuSyoM ke kucha lakSaNa batAye haiM jisameM mukhya bhAva yaha hai ki mUrkha mAnava apane zuddha svabhAva se to kabhI prIti karatA nahIM para-dravyoM meM hI anurakta rahatA hai yaha kaisI mUrkhatA hai| aise vyakti karuNA ke hI pAtra haiN| yaha racanA ATha dohA caupAI chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| ( 17 ) vairAgya pacIsikA rAga saMsAra kA kAraNa hai aura vairAgya mukti kA / 29 isa saMsAra meM jitane bhI padArtha haiM unase rAga karanA vyartha hai saba nazvara haiM anta meM saba sAtha chor3a dete haiM, dhana parivAra yahA~ taka ki zarIra bhI sAtha chor3a detA hai| aise saMsAra se kyA moha krnaa| kavi jIva ko saceta karate hue kahatA hai ki yaha manuSya jIvana phira milane vAlA nahIM hai, ataH zIghra hI sambhala jA / yaha racanA 25 dohA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| ( 18 ) dRSTAMta pacIsI prastuta racanA meM kavi ne bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke dRSTAMta dekara pA~coM pApa (hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha) tathA rAgadveSa kusaMgati Adi ke duSpariNAma dikhAkara mAnava mAtra ke citta ko inase vimukha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| parigraha kA duSpariNAma darzanIya hai- madhumakkhI madhu kA saMcaya karatI hai to madhu prApti ke hetu chatte ke sAtha-sAtha usako bhI nicor3a liyA jAtA hai| satguru kA mahatva kavi ne karmarUpI sarpoM ke liye mora ke samAna batAyA hai" cetana candana vRkSa soM, karma sAMpa lapaTAhiM / / bolata guruvaca mora ke, sithala hoya dura jAhiM / / " prastuta kRti kI racanA saM0 1752 vi0 meM Azvina mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI. dazamI ko kI gii| ( 19 ) padarAga prabhAtI isa racanA meM kevala do hI geya pada haiM- ' sAhiba jAke amara hai sevaka saba tAke', paMkti se Arambha hone vAle pada meM Izvara kI mahattA batAI gaI hai (84)

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aura dUsare pada meM moha aura bhrama meM par3e hue mAnava kI bhartsanA kI gaI hai"kahA tanaka sI Ayu pai mUrakha tU naace|" (20) phuTakara viSaya isa racanA meM vibhinna viSayoM para kucha chaMda saMgRhIta haiN| eka-eka chaMda meM eka-eka bhAva baddha hai| kahIM kavi ne moha aura bhrama ko sAre prapaMca kA mUla batAyA hai, kahIM batAyA ki samyaktva ke udaya hone para karma kaSAya kaise kSINa ho jAte haiN| eka chaMda meM kavi ne jainadharma meM vyApta bAhaya kriyA kAMDa se sAvadhAna rahane kA, tathA eka anya chaMda meM sAMsArika dhana sampadA aura aizvarya para garva na karane kA saMdeza nihita hai| eka dohe meM kavi ne manuSya ko ghara dvAra tyAgane kI apekSA rAgadveSa tyAgane kA upadeza diyA hai "jo ghara tajyo to kaha bhayo, rAga tajyo nahiM viir| sAMpa tajai jyoM kaMcukI, viSa nahIM tajai shriir!|" yaha racanA taiMtIsa kavitta chappaya savaiyA tathA chaMdoM meM nibaddha hai| (21) paramAtma zataka prastuta kRti meM kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ne sAMsArikatA se virata hokara paramAtma pada kI prApti ko hI mAnava jIvana kA ekamAtra lakSya batAyA hai aura usake liye aneka parAmarza diye haiN| paramapada kI prApti ke liye manuSya ko kahIM jAne kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| kisI kI ArAdhanA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, apanI hI AtmA ko karmavimukta kara paramAtmA kI avasthA taka pahu~cAnA hai, isa tathya ko kavi ne kitane sarala DhaMga se spaSTa kara diyA hai "paramAratha para meM nahIM, paramAratha nija paas| paramAratha paricaya binA, prANI rahai udaas|" saMsAra meM sabhI ora isa pudgala (nAzavAna zarIra) ke prati mohamamatA kA sAmrAjya hai jaba jIva ise 'para' (parAyA) samajha isase prIta chor3a detA hai aura Atma zuddhi kI ora dhyAna lagA letA hai taba use paramapada kI prApti nizcaya hI ho jAtI hai| isa kAvya kRti kA kalA pakSa bahuta utkRSTa hai, yamaka alaMkAra kA camatkAra to dekhate hI banatA hai| sau dohA tathA soraThA chaMdoM meM baddha isa kRti kI racanA kavivara bhaiyA ke dvArA phAlguna zukla tRtIyA saM0 1732 vi0 ko kI gaI hai| (85)

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citrakAvya aThArahavIM zatAbdI kA yuga bhArata ke sAMskRtika itihAsa meM kaMcana kAminI aura kAdamba kA yuga thA, prAyaH sabhI rAjA aura sAmanta vilAsitA ke paMka meM AkaMTha magna rahate the jisakA prabhAva kavitA kAminI para par3anA bhI svAbhAvika hI thaa| kavi jana bhI kAvya ko jIvikopArjana kA sAdhana banAye hue the| ve apane svAmI kI pravRtti ke anukUla zRMgAra rasa kI saritA bahAkara apane kavikarma kI itizrI kara rahe the| unakI svayaM kI pravRtti bhI usI meM rama rahI thii| nAyikAoM ke eka-eka aMga pratyaMga kA varNana karane meM unakA mana jitanA rama rahA thA utanA kisI anya tatva meM nahI, yahA~ taka ki unakI dhArmikatA bhI, jo rAdhA kRSNa ke nAma kA AvaraNa mAtra or3he hue thI, zRMgArikatA se ota-prota thii| saMskRta ke rItigranthoM ke anukaraNa para vibhinna alaMkAroM tathA chaMdoM ke lakSaNa aura udAharaNa dekara paramparA kA piSTapeSaNa karanA hI unakA abhipreta thA kintu isI samaya kucha jaina kavi zuddha AdhyAtmika sAhitya sRjana bhI kara rahe the, jisase hindI sAhitya ke itihAsakAra bahuta samaya taka anabhijJa rhe| jahA~ taka bhAva sAmagrI aura viSayavastu kA prazna hai inameM se adhikAMza kavi apane yuga ke vilAsa vaibhava se aprabhAvita rahe,zRMgArikatA unake mAnasa ko sparza bhI na kara pAI kintu kalA ke kSetra meM ye bhI apane yuga se achUte na raha paaye| alaMkAra va chaMda unake kAvya meM sahajasvAbhAvika rUpa meM hI Aye haiM, ve bhAvAbhivyakti meM sAdhana hI bane haiM, sAdhya nahIM bana pAye haiM, kintu tatkAlIna kaviyoM kI camatkAra priyatA ko ina kaviyoM ne bhI apanAyA hai| inhoMne kahIM ekAkSarI dohe likhe haiM to kahIM dvvykssrii| kahIM prahelikAeM likhI haiM jinameM eka hI dohe yA kavitta meM bahuta se prazna kiye gaye haiM aura usI meM eka vizeSa krama se par3hane para, unake uttara nikala Ate haiM, isI prakAra bahuta se praznoM kA uttara eka hI zabda meM zleSa se vibhinna arthoM ke rUpa meM nikalatA hai| rItikAlIna hindI kAvya meM camatkAra-priyatA sImA ko pAra karane lagI thI yadyapi inakA patha pradarzana to lIlA puruSottama ke krIr3A rasika sUradAsa hI apanI sAhitya laharI dvArA kara gaye the| isI zabda krIr3A meM camatkAra kA carama bindu citra-kAvya ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3atA hai| jaisA ki nAma se hI AbhAsa ho jAtA hai ki citra ke rUpa meM kavitA (86)

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ko bAMdhanA hI citra kAvya hai| hindI zabda sAgara ke anusAra citrakAvya eka prakAra kA kAvya hai jisake akSaroM ko vizeSa krama se likhane se koI vizeSa citra bana jAtA hai| lAlA bhagavAna dIna citrakAvya ke viSaya meM likhate haiM ki "isameM alaMkAratva nahIM hai kevala kavi kI caturAI aura parizrama kA paricaya milatA hai| isa kAvya dvArA kamala, chatra, cakra, caMvara, khaMDa, nakhata, daMDa, ratha, dhvajA, hAthI, ghor3A, manuSya, haMsa, darpaNa, vRkSa ityAdi ke citra bana sakate haiN|30 hindI kaviyoM ko citrakAvya kI preraNA saMskRta kAvyoM se paitRka sampatti ke rUpa meM prApta huii| saMskRta meM citrakAvya kI paramparA paryApta samRddha evaM prAcIna rahI hai| AcArya daMDI ne 'kAvyAdarza' ke tRtIya pariccheda meM yamaka cakra ke anantara aThAraha zlokoM ke citra cakra kA varNana kiyA hai unake varNana se yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki 'kAvyAdarza' kI racanA se pUrva bhI citrakAvya vizvapriya thaa| agni-purANakAra, rudraTa (kAvyAlaMkAra), mammaTa (kAvyaprakAza), rUyyaka, (alaMkAra sarvasva), jayadeva tathA vizvanAtha (sAhitya darpaNa) Adi AcAryoM ne citrabaddha kAvya kA varNana kiyA hai| citrakAvya kI kavi-goSThiyoM meM bar3I dhAka thii| kAvya zAstrI isako citrakAvya ke antargata sthAna detA thaa| kAlAntara meM isako zabda kA camatkAra mAnakara alaMkAra ke arntagata isakA varNana hone lgaa| kucha samaya pUrva zrI jugala kizora mukhtAra ko ajamera ke eka jaina maMdira ke zAstra bhaMDAra se eka saMskRta kA citrabaMdha stotra prApta huA hai jisameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI 24 bhinna-bhinna citrAlaMkAroM meM stuti kI gaI hai|31 hindI kaviyoM ne bhI isa paramparA ko apnaayaa| AcArya kezava ne 'kavipriyA' ke anta meM solahaveM prabhAva meM citrAlaMkAra tathA prahelikA Adi kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai tathA kamalabaMdha, dhanuSabaMdha, sarvatomukha, DamarUbaMdha Adi ke citra diye haiN| jagata siMha ne 'citramImAMsA' tathA kAzI-nareza cetasiMha ke putra balavAna siMha ne saM0 1889 vi0 meM 'citracaMdrikA' kI racanA kI, jinameM citrakAvya kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhikhArIdAsa ne kAvya nirNaya meM (ikkIsaveM adhyAya meM) tathA kanhaiyAlAla poddAra ne antima zabdAlaMkAra ke rUpa meM citra kAvya kA varNana kiyA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI citrakAvya kI racanA kI hai| DaoN premasAgara jaina ke anusAra 'jaina kaviyoM ko 'citrabaMdha' se vizeSa prema thaa| unhoMne itane kaThina alaMkAroM kA prayoga AsAna aura svAbhAvika DhaMga se hI kiyA hai|" AcArya kezava ne citrAlaMkAra ko 'samudravata' kahA hai, jisameM vicitra (87)

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pratibhA vAle kavi bhI DUba jAte haiN| apane dvArA varNita citrakAvya ko unhoMne usI sAgara kI eka bUMda ke eka kaNa ke samAna batAyA hai| kintu tatkAlIna kavi isa prakAra ke kAvya ko nimna koTi kA, adhama kAvya mAnate the| vastutaH isa prakAra ke kAvya meM hRdaya pakSa lagabhaga zUnya hotA thA aura mastiSka kA yogadAna hI adhika rahatA thaa| kavitA rUpI pakSiNI ke bhAva-pakSoM ko kATa-chAMTakara use naisargika sauMdarya se vihIna kara diyA jAtA thA , vaha paMgu ho jAtI thii| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsakRta citra kAvya ke kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM-1 tripadIbaddha citra - ta | ni | 15 | ni | s / ra citra saM0 1 dohA isa prakAra hai "parma seva para seva taja, nija udharana mana dhAri, dharma seva vara seva taja, nija sudharana dhana dhaari|" isa dohe meM pratyeka tIsarA varNa samAna rakhA gayA hai arthAt likhA to eka hI bAra jAtA hai kintu par3hA do bAra jAtA hai, (citra meM) prathama paMkti ke sAtha bhI aura tRtIya paMkti ke sAtha bhii| isameM nizcita rUpa se kavi kI dRSTi varNa cayana para hI vizeSa rUpa se kendrita rahI hai| isa dohe kA to artha spaSTa hai, 'he jIva para-dravya (zarIra) kI sevA chor3akara parama bhagavAna jinendra kI sevA kara apane uddhAra kI bAta soc| dharma kI sevA hI zreSTha sevA hai vahI svayaM ke sudhAra ke liye dhana sampadA hai|' isI dohe ko tripadI paMcakoSThaka evaM saptakoSThaka tripadI citra ke rUpa meM bhI diyA gayA hai| eka hI dohe ko vibhinna citroM meM baddha karanA atyaMta duSkara kArya hotA hai| spaSTa hai ki isa prayAsa meM kavi ke mastiSka ko atyadhika vyAyAma karanA par3A hogaa| zabda krIr3A kA eka aura camatkAra dekhiye, eka dohA hai (88)

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"jaina dharma meM jIva kI kahI jAta tahakIkA jaina dharma meM jIta kI, lahI bAta yaha tthiik||" isako kavi ne tIna prakAra ke citroM meM baddha kiyA hai| inameM se azvagatibaddha citra ke rUpa meM yahA~ prastuta hai azvagatibaddha citra - 45 - - | naya | he citra saM0 2 jaise zataraMja ke khela meM azva kI gati hotI hai (DhAI ghara calane kI) vaisI hI gati par3hate samaya isa citra meM apanAI jAtI hai arthAt prathama paMkti ke prathama akSara ke pazcAt tRtIya paMkti kA dUsarA akSara par3hA jAtA hai, tatpazcAt prathama paMkti kA tRtIya, phira tRtIya paMkti kA caturtha, isI krama se sArA citra par3hA jAtA hai| zabdoM ke isa gorakha dhaMdhe ko dekhakara kisakA mastiSka camatkRta na ho utthegaa| kavi ke mastiSka kA vyAyAma yahIM taka sImita nahIM hai| prastuta sarvatobhadragati citram meM kitanA camatkAra hai zabda cayana kA, jisa ora se bhI par3heMge eka hI dohA bnegaa| cAhe Apa ise Upara se dAyeM se bAyeM par3heM cAhe bAyeM se dAyeM aise hI nIce se dAyeM se bAyeM yA bAyeM se dAyeM par3heM athavA dAhinI ora se nIce se Upara ora par3heM yA Upara se nIce kI ora, isI prakAra bAI ora se par3he, eka hI dohA bnegaa| dohA isa prakAra hai "na tana meM maina tana, tahema susumhet| na mana meM mana, mai su mai hauM hauM mai su mai||" (89)

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sarvatobhadragati citra . - ta / citra saM0 3 hRdaya kI apekSA buddhi ko camatkRt karane vAle aise aneka citrabaddha kAvya bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke saMgraha brahmavilAsa meM saMgRhIta haiM, jinameM se kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM viMzatipatra kamalAkArabaddha citra koni kA tha A citra saM0 4 (90)

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"Apa Apa thapa jApa japa, tapa tapa khapa bapa paap|| kApa kopa ripa lopa jipa, dipa dipa trapa Tapa ttaap||" isa citra meM pratyeka paMkhurI ke akSara ke sAtha bIca meM sthita akSara 'pa' avazya par3hA jAtA hai| camarAkArabaddha citra tA fa citra saM0 5 "ari pari hari ari heri hari, dheri dheri ari ttaari| kari kari thiri thiri dhAri dhari, phiri phiri tari tari taari||" isI prakAra nAgabaddha citra bahirlApikA tathA citrakAvya kA mizrita udAharaNa hai| isameM citra ke sAtha eka padya hai, jisameM 13 prazna haiM, jinake uttara usI nAgabaddha citra meM diye gaye haiN| sarpa ke bhItara eka 13 vargoM kI paMkti aura chipI huI hai 'zrI jinarAja carana nita bNdiijai|' isa paMkti ke pratyeka akSara kA upayoga ina teraha praznoM ke uttara meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| padya isa prakAra hai "kahA~ aMsa ko janama ? nAma kahA dUje jinako ? kauna sIya apaharI ? kaho tIjo sahana ko ? dayAvaMta kahA karai ? kauna varNAdika pekhai ? ko ati jala saMgrahai ? zravaNa guNa ko kahu lekhai ?|| (91)

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sAdhu calata kima dharaNipara ? bhaddalipura jina kavana huva ?|| kavana akrittama ? kavana prabhu ? kavana ziromaNi dharma tuva ?||" nAgabaddha citra VASEA - - - ya nA jAjara zI - citra saM0,6 inake atirikta kavi ne parvatabaddha, caTAIbaddha, cakrabaddha, dhanuSabaddha, hArabaddha citra aura prastuta kiye haiN| (92)

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jyotiSa ke chaMda bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bahamukhI pratibhA ke dhanI the| aneka bhASAoM ke sAtha-sAtha unheM jyotiSa kA bhI jJAna thA, isakA pramANa hai unake dvArA racita 'jyotiSa ke kucha chNd'| yadyapi 'brahmavilAsa' meM jyotiSa viSayaka unake kevala pA~ca chaMda-tIna chappaya evaM do dohe hI prApta hote haiM tathApi unake jyotiSa sambandhI jJAna kI gambhIratA ke sambandha meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| koI bhI vyakti kisI bhI viSaya para lekhanI taba hI uThA sakatA hai jabaki usakA usa viSaya para adhikAra ho| kavi ne ina chaMdoM meM jyotiSa ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ko padyabaddha kiyA hai| bhAratIya jyotiSa pUrNataH vaijJAnika hai| samasta AkAzamaMDala ko jyotiSazAstra ne 27 bhAgoM meM vibhaktakara pratyeka bhAga kA nAma eka-eka nakSatra rakhA hai| jaise azvinI, rohiNI, citrA, ArdrA, svAti aadi| isI prakAra 12 rAziyAM mAnI haiN| AkAza meM sthita bhUcakra ke 360 aMza athavA 108 bhAga hote haiN| samasta bhUcakra 12 rAziyoM meM vibhakta hai, ataH 30 aMza athavA 9 bhAga kI eka rAzi hotI hai|" ye rAziyAM isa prakAra hai-1 megha, 2 vRSa, 3 mithuna, 4 karka, 5 siMha, 6 kanyA, 7 tulA, 8 vRzcika, dhanu 10 makara, 11 kumbha, 12 miin| jyotirvidoM ne ina rAziyoM ke svarUpa nizcita kiye haiN| aura inakA sambandha mukhya nava grahoM ke sAtha sthApita kiyA hai| navagraha isa prakAra hai- sUrya, candra, maMgala, budha, bRhaspati, zukra, zani, rAhu aura ketu| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne prathama chappaya meM varSa meM 360 dinoM ko navagrahoM kI dazAoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| sUrya ke 20, candramA ke 50, maMgala ke 28, budha ke 56, zani ke 36, bRhaspati ke 58, rAhu ke 46, tathA zukra ke 70 dina nirdhArita kiye haiN| dUsare chappaya meM kavi ne kauna sA graha kisa-kisa rAzi kA svAmI hai, isakA nirdeza kiyA hai| inameM se sUrya siMha rAzi ke tathA candra karka rAzi ke svAmI haiN| ye donoM graha eka-eka rAzi ke svAmI haiM aura maMgala-meSa tathA vRzcika ke, zukra-vRSa aura tulA rAzi ke bRhaspati-mIna aura dhanu rAzi ke, budha-kanyA aura mithuna ke tathA zani-makara aura kumbha rAzi ke svAmI haiN| draSTavya hai prastuta chaMda "meSa vRchika pati bhauma, vRSama tulanAtha zukra sur| mInarAzi dhanarAzi Iza, tasa kahata deva guru|| (93)

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kanyA mithuna budheza, karka svAmI zrI caMda gaNi / / makara kumbha nRpa zanI, siMha rAzihi prabhu ravi maNi / / ye rAzI dvAdaza jagata meM, jyotiSa graMtha bakhAniye / tasa nAtha sAta lakhi bhavika jana, parama tatva ura aniye / / " kucha vizeSa rAziyoM meM vizeSa grahoM ke sthAna ucca mAne jAte haiN| tIsare chappaya meM kavi ne yahI batAyA hai| meSa meM sUrya, vRSa meM candra, makara meM maMgala, kanyA meM budha, karka meM bRhaspati, mIna meM zukra, tulA meM zani, mithuna meM rAhu ucca (sthAna) ke mAne jAte haiN| ucca sthAna- sthita graha apane bhAva kI vRddhi karatA hai| isake atirikta inakI viparIta rAziyoM meM unhIM grahoM ko nIca sthAna kA mAnA jAtA hai| caturtha aura paMcama dohA chaMdoM meM kavi ne isI tathya kA ullekha kiyA hai| tulA rAzi meM sUrya, vRzcika meM candramA, karka meM maMgala, mIna meM budha, makara meM bRhaspati, kanyA meM zukra, meSa meM zani, dhana meM rAhu nIca sthAna ke mAne jAte haiM aisA hone para graha jisa bhAva (rAzi) meM sthita hai usakI hAni karate haiN| draSTavya hai prastuta chaMda "tula sUraja vRzcika zazI, karka bhauma budha miin|| makara bRhaspati kanya bhRgu, meSa zanizcara dIna / / rAhu hoya dhana rAzi jo, e saba kahiye nIca / / paramAratha inameM ito, rahiye nija sukha bIca / / " anta meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kahate haiM 'paramAratha inameM ito, rahiye nija sukha bIca / / " arthAt kavi kI dRSTi antataH adhyAtma para hI kendrita hai| sukha ina saba meM nahIM apane bhItara hI hai, usameM hI lIna rahanA caahiye| 44 kAvyAnuvAda bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kRta 67 racanAoM ke saMgraha 'brahmavilAsa' meM kevala eka hI racanA aisI hai jo kavi kI maulika kRti na hokara anuvAda hai| yaha hai- dravya sNgrh| zrI nemicandra siddhAntadeva dvArA racita dravya saMgraha jaina dharmAvalambiyoM meM paryApta lokapriya hai / " zrI nemicandra siddhAntadeva eka mahAna AcArya aura siddhAnta va adhyAtma granthoM ke pUrNa pAragAmI the, isI kAraNa 'siddhAnta - deva' unakI upAdhi thii| unake nizcita samaya kA ullekha nahIM milatA, kintu saMskRta TIkAkAra zrI brahmadeva ke kathanAnusAra zrI nemicandra (94)

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AcArya rAjA bhoja ke samakAlIna 11 vIM zatAbdI ke mahAna vidvAna va kavi pratIta hote haiN|''32 isa graMtha meM jaina darzana kA bahuta kucha sAra bhara diyA gayA hai, isameM tIna adhikAra haiM, prathama adhikAra meM SaTa dravyoM kA, dvitIya adhikAra meM sAta tatvoM kA tathA tRtIya adhikAra meM mokSamArga svarUpa ratnatraya-samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| prArambha se sattAIsa gAthAoM taka prathama adhikAra, aTThAIsa se ar3atIsa gAthAoM taka dvitIya adhikAra, tatpazcAt aTThAvana gAthAoM taka tRtIya adhikAra hai| do paMktiyoM kI saMkSipta sI gAthAoM meM gahana evaM vistRta artha bhare hue haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne svayaM isa tathya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai___ "gAthA mUla nemicanda krii| mahAartha nidhi pUraNa bhrii|| bahuzruta dhArI je gunnvNt| te saba artha lakhahiM virtNt||" dravya saMgraha mUlataH prAkRta meM hai, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne usakA hindI kavitA meM anuvAda kiyA hai| mUla graMtha meM 58 gAthAeM haiM, kavi ne usI krama se unheM 58 chaMdoM meM baddha kiyA hai, jinameM adhikatara kavitta haiM, kucha dohA caupAI, savaiyA, kuMDaliyA aura chappaya chaMda bhI haiN| kavi ne mala bhASA kI do paMktiyoM kA vistAra kavitta ke cAra caraNoM meM kiyA hai| kavitta ke cAra caraNoM meM sAmAnya tathA prathama do paMktiyoM me mUla kA anuvAda hai tathA zeSa do meM usI bhAva kA vistAra hai| mUla gAthA sahita eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai "NikkammA aTThaguNA, kiMcUNA caramadehado siddhaa| loyaggaThidA NiccA, uppAdavayehiM sNjuttaa||" anuvAda isa prakAra hai"aSTakarmahIna aSTa guNayuta crmsu| deha tAteM kachu Uno sukha ko nivAsa hai| lokako ju agra tahAM sthita hai ananta siddha, utapAdavyaya saMyukta sadA jAko bAsa hai| anantakAla paryanta thiti hai aDola jAkI, lokAloka pratibhAsI jJAna ko prakAza hai| nizcai sukharAja karai bahuri na janma dharai, aiso siddha rAzani ko Atama vilAsa hai|" (95)

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kucha gAthAoM kA anuvAda dohA chaMdoM meM kiyA hai| anta meM kavi ne isa kRti ke uddezya Adi para prakAza DAlate hue sAMta chaMda aura likhe haiN| kavi ne batAyA hai ki dravya saMgraha ke guNa udadhi ke samAna haiM jinakA maiMne yathAzakti nijamati ke anusAra varNana kiyA hai| " dravyasaMgraha guNa udadhi sama kiMha vidhi lahiye pAra / yathAzakti kachu varaNiye, nijamati ke anusAra / / ' 21 'nijamati' se hameM uparyukta bhAva - vistAra kA saMketa milatA hai / kavi ne kevala 'makSikA- sthAne - 'makSikA' pravRtti ko nahIM apanAyA, varan apane ArAdhya pUrvAcArya ke bhAvoM ko pUrNataH AtmasAta karake unako atyaMta spaSTa kara diyA hai| sAmAnya buddhi ke manuSya prAkRta kI mUla gAthAoM kA artha nahIM samajha sakate, ataH isa mahatvapUrNa racanA ko jana-sAmAnya ke liye bodhagamya banAne ke hetu kavi ne isakA hindI bhASA meM anuvAda tathA bhAva vistAra karake atyata lokopakArI kArya kiyA hai " jo yaha graMtha kavitta meM hoya / tau jagamAhiM par3he saba koya / ihavidhi graMtha racyo suvikaas| mAnasiMha va bhagotidAsa / / " prastuta udAharaNa isa bAta para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai ki bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa kRti kI racanA apane mitra mAnasiMha ke sahayoga se kI thii| DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne isa racanA ko unake mitra mAnasiMha kRta mAnA hai kintu uparyukta paMkti se yaha artha dhvanita nahIM hotA, pratyuta bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne apane mitra mAnasiMha ke sahayoga se prastuta kRti kI racanA kI hai| ukta kRti kI racanA mAgha sudi dazamI vi0 samvat 1731 ko kI gaI thii| saMdarbha evaM TippaNiyA~ DaoN0 nagendra, kAmAyanI ke adhyayana kI samasyAyeM, pR0 saM0 41, 42 " kAyA sI ju nagarI meM cidAnaMda rAja karai, mAyA- sI ju rAnI pai magana bahu bhayo hai| moha so hai phaujadAra krodha so hai kotavAra, 1. 2. lobha so bajIra jahA~ lUTibai ko rahayo hai / " - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 28 (96)

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. " puggala ke hAre hAra puggala ke jIte jIta, puggala kI prIta saMga kaise baha bahe ho / lAgata ho dhAya dhAya, lAge na upAya kachu, suno cidAnanda rAya / kauna paMtha gahe ho| - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 9 "kAla anAdi taiM phirata phirata jiya, aba yaha narabhava uttama pAyo / samujhi - samujhi paMDita nara prAnI tere kara ciMtAmaNi Ayo / ghaTa kI A~khoM joharI, ratana jIva jina deva batAyo / tila meM tela bAsa phUlani meM ghaTa meM ghaTanAyaka gAyo / " - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 85 " paMcana so bhinna rahe kaMcana jyoM kAI tajaiM, , , raMca na malIna hoya jAkI gati nyArI haiM, kaMjana ke kula jyoM svabhAva kIca chuvai nAhIM, basai jalamAhiM pai na UrddhatA bisArI haiM / / " - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 55 "yahI moha nRpa mohi bhulAya / nijaputrI dInhI paranAya / X X X X X X jar3apura ko muha kiyo nareza / maiM jAno saba mero deza / taba meM pApa kiye ihi saMga / mAni mAni apane rasa rNg| " - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, cetanakarmacaritra, chaM0 saM0 79, 82 " itane dina loM pAlikeM, maiM tuma kIne puSTa / tAteM laribe ko bhaye guNa lobhI mahAduSTa || jAhu jAhu pApI savai, cetana ke guNa jeha / moko mukha na dikhAvahu china meM karihoM sneha || bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, cetanakarmacaritra, chaM0 saM0 115, 116 " kAnana kI bAteM sunI, sAMcI jhUThI hoya / , A~khina dekhI bAta jo tAmeM phera na koy|| ina A~khina so dekhiye, tIrthaMkara ko ruup| sukha asaMkhya hiradai lase, so jAne cidrUpa / ' 19 - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paMcendriya saMvAda, chaM0 saM0 50, 51 (97)

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9. 10. 11. 12. 13.. 14. 15. 16 17. " taba bole munirAja jI, mana kyoM garva karaMta / dekhahu taMdula maccha ko tumatai narka prNt|| arthAt taMdula maccha tere hI kAraNa naraka meM jAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki jala meM bar3e maccha ke kAna meM eka choTA sA maccha rahatA hai| bar3e maccha ke mukha meM choTe-choTe jIva jAte aura nikalate rahate haiM, unheM jAtA AtA dekhakara choTA taMdula maccha hara samaya dukhI va krodhita rahatA hai ki isa bar3e maccha ke sthAna para maiM hotA to sabako khA letaa| isa bhAvanA ke kAraNa hI taMdula maccha naraka meM jAtA hai| - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paMcendriya saMvAda, chaM0 saM0 117 " mana rAjA kI saina saba indriya se umarAva / rAta dinA daurata phirai, karai aneka anyAva / / " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, manabattIsI, chaM0 saM0 10 zrI baladeva upAdhyAya, bhAratIya darzana, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1948 pR0 saM0 3, 4 paM0 kailAzacaMda zAstrI, jaina dharma, pR0saM0 62,63 AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1957, paTanA 3, pR0 saM0 11 "chaho su dravya anAdi ke jagata mAhi jayavaMta / ko kisa hI kartA nahIM, yoM bhAkhe bhagavaMta / / " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anAdi battIsikA, chaM0 saM0 2 44 ' apane apane sahaja saba upajata vinazata vst| hai anAdi ko jagata yaha ihi parakAra samasta / / ' bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anAdi battIsikA, chaM0 saM0 26 "karmana ke saMyoga se bhaye tIna parakAra / eka Atama dravya ko karma nacAvana hAra / / " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramAtma chattIsI, chaM0 saM0 16 44 'maiMhi siddha paramAtamA, maiM hI AtamarAma / maiM hI jJAtA jJeya ko, cetana mero nAma / / " - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramAtma chattIsI, chaM0 saM0 12 (98)

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10. 18. "narakana meM jiya DAriye, pakara pakara ke baah| jo karatA Izvara kaho, tinako kahA gunaah||" - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, kartA akartA pacIsI, chaM0 saM0 12 DaoN0 premasAgara jaina, jaina bhaktikAvya kI pRSThabhUmi, pR0 saM0 25 20. 'pUjA koTi samaM stotra stotra-koTisamo jyH| jaya-koTisamaM dhyAnaM dhyAna-koTisamo lyH||' arthAt koTi bAra pUjA karane kA jo phala hai utanA phala eka bAra stotrapATha karane meM hai| koTi bAra stotra par3hane se jo phala hotA hai, utanA phala eka bAra japa karane meM hotA hai| isI prakAra koTi japa ke samAna eka bAra ke dhyAna kA phala aura koTi dhyAna ke samAna eka bAra ke tapa kA phala jAnanA caahiye| paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAnta zAstrI, pUjA stotra, japa, dhyAna aura laya, anekAnta, pharavarI 1957 pR0 saM0 193 se uddhRt| 21. "rAma so bar3oM hai kauna, moso kauna chotto| rAma so kharo hai kauna, moso kauna khotto||" - kavi tulasIdAsa, vinayapatrikA, cha) saM0 72 "na pUjayArtha stavayi vItarAge na nindayA nAtha vivaant-vaire| tathA'pi te puNya,-guNa-smRtirnaH punAti cittaM duritA jnemyH||" -- AcArya samantabhadra, svayambhU stotra, paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra sampAdita, hindI anUdita, 12, 2 pR0 saM0 41 DaoN0 devendra kumAra zAstrI, apabhraMza kA jayamAlA sAhitya, anekAnta, agasta 1971, pR0 saM0 128 zrI vRhata jaina zabdArNava bhAga-1, sampAdaka zrI bI0 ela0 jaina, caitanya, akRtrima caityAlaya, pR0 saM0 22, ar3hAI dvIpa pR0 saM0 25 25. "hAM, inameM jo bhAvuka aura pratibhA sampanna haiM, jo anyoktiyoM Adi kA sahArA lekara bhagavatprema, saMsAra ke prati virakti, karuNA Adi utpanna karane meM samartha hue haiM ve avazya hI kavi kyA, uccakoTi ke kavi kahe jA sakate haiN|" AcArya rAmacandra zukla, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 324 (99)

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26. "Poetry is not concerned with telling people what is to : do, but with extending our knowledge of good and evil." -paM0 rAmadahina mizra, kAvya-darpaNa, pR0 saM0 30 se uddhRta 27. "dhUmana ke dharohara dekha kahA garva karai, ye to china mAhiM jAhi pauna parasata ho| saMdhyA ke samAna raMga dekhata hI hoya bhaMga, dIpaka pataMga jaise kAla garasata ho||" -- bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNyapacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 17 .. 28. "Atama ke tatva ko nimitta kachU raMca pAyoM, tauloM tohi granthani meM aiseke batAyo hai| jaise rasavyaMjana meM karachI phirai sadIva, mUr3hatA svabhAva soM na svAda kachu pAyo hai|" - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNyapacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 22 . 29. "jagata mUla yaha rAga hai, mukti mUla vairaag| bhUla duhUna ko yaha kahyo, jAga sakai. to jaag|" - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, vairAgya pacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 2 lAlA bhagavAna dIna, alaMkAra maMjUSA, pR0 saM0 14 31. zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra, yugavIra, purAne sAhitya kI khoja, anekAnta, . navambara 1956, pR0 saM0 95, 96 32. prAkkathana, vRhada vyasaMgrahaH, prakAzaka-zrI gaNezavarNI, digambara jaina graMthamAlA, kharakharI (dhanabAda) bihaar| (100)

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adhyAya - 4 maa -bdhaa rasa-nirUpaNa mAnava eka saMvedanazIla prANI hai| saMsAra meM rahate hue vaha vibhinna prakAra kI ghaTanAoM se gujaratA hai, aneka prakAra ke madhura-kaTu anubhava prApta karatA hai| isa sabakI usake hRdaya para pratikriyA hotI hai jisase aneka prakAra ke bhAva hRdaya meM jAgrata hone lagate haiM ata: mAnava hRdaya para dRzyamAna jagata ke prabhAvoM kI pratikriyA hI bhAva hai| ina bhAvoM ko abhivyakti dene ke liye vaha Akula rahatA hai aura bhASA kA mAdhyama apanAtA hai| ise hI hama sAhitya kahate haiN| abhivyakti ko sundara sajIva aura prAMjala banAne ke liye vaha bhASA ko alaMkAroM se sajAtA hai, chaMdoM meM bAMdhakara saMvAratA hai tathA anya upakaraNoM kA Azraya letA hai| isI ke AdhAra para kAvya ke anubhUti pakSa aura abhivyakti pakSa do bhAga hote haiM jinheM kramazaH bhAva pakSa tathA kalA pakSa kahate haiN| kAvya ko par3hane, sunane athavA dekhane se sAmAjika ko jo asAdhAraNa evaM anivarcanIya Ananda kI prApti hotI hai use hI rasa kahate haiN| rasa use kahate haiM jo AsvAdita ho ske| AcAryoM ne kAvya meM rasa ko atyadhika mahatva diyA hai| yahA~ taka ki AcArya vizvanAtha ne rasayukta vAkya ko hI kAvya kahA hai| rasa ke binA racanA kavitA kI sImA meM praveza nahIM kara paatii| mAnava hRdaya meM aneka bhAva sthAyI rUpa se vidyamAna rahate haiN| ye sthAyI bhAva hI aneka kAraNa, kArya aura sahakArI kAraNoM, jinheM kramazaH vibhAva, anubhAva aura saMcArI bhAva kahate hai, ke sahayoga se rasa dazA ko prApta hote haiN| yahA~ bhAva, vibhAva Adi kA pRthaka pRthaka samyak vivecana apekSita hai| sthAyI bhAva kisI vastu athavA vyakti ke prati vizeSa avasthA meM jo mAnasika sthiti hotI hai use bhAva kahate haiN| jo bhAva cirakAla taka citta meM sthira rahatA hai, evaM jisako viruddha yA aviruddha bhAva chipA yA dabA nahIM sakate, aura jo vibhAvAdi se sambaddha hone para rasa-rUpa meM vyakta hotA hai, usa Ananda ke mUlabhUta bhAva ko sthAyI bhAva kahate haiN| ye bhAva mAnava hRdaya meM prasupta avasthA ___(101)

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meM vidyamAna rahate haiM aura vibhAva Adi ke saMyoga se uddIpta ho uThate haiN| mAnava hRdaya sAgara ke samAna atala gambhIra hotA hai, usameM bhAva rUpI ananta ratna vidyamAna rahate haiN| unakI gaNanA karanA tathA sImA nirdhArita karanA atyaMta duSkara kArya hai phira bhI AcAryoM ne pramukha bhAvoM kI saMkhyA nirdhArita kI hai| bharata muni ne inakI saMkhyA ATha mAnI hai| kAvya prakAzakAra AcArya mammaTa ne bhI unakA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai| ye isa prakAra haiM1. rati strI-purUSa ke pArasparika prema ko rati kahate haiN| 2. hAsa=kisI vikRti ko dekhakara jo praphullatA hotI hai use hAsa kahate haiN| 3. zokapriyajana ke viyoga se utpanna vyAkulatA zoka hai| 4. krodha zatru ko dekhakara mAnava hRdaya meM jo uttejanA hotI hai vahI krodha hai| 5. utsAha vIratA Adi ke liye pravRtta karane vAlA bhAva utsAha hai| 6. bhaya aniSTa kAraNoM kI upasthiti para utpanna citta kI vyAkulatA bhaya hai| 7. jugupsA ghRNita vastuoM ke darzana se, unase dUra rahane kI icchA jugupsA hai| 8. vismaya AzcaryamayI vastuoM ko dekhakara citta meM utpanna manovikAra hI vismaya hai| inake AdhAra para ATha rasoM ko mAnyatA dI gaI hai1.zRMgAra 5. vIra 2. hAsa 6. bhayAnaka 3. karuNa 7. vIbhatsa 4. raudra 8. adbhuta kAlAntara meM inakI saMkhyA meM vRddhi hotI gii| udabhaTa ne 'zAnta rasa' ko navam rasa ke rUpa meM sthAna diyaa| nirveda isakA sthAyI bhAva hai| vizvanAtha ne vatsala nAmaka eka naye rasa kA ullekha kiyA hai jisakA sthAyI bhAva vAtsalaya hai| bhagavat viSayaka rati ke AdhAra para bhakti rasa kI sthApanA rUpa gosvAmI evaM madhusudana sarasvatI ke dvArA kI gii| sthAyI bhAva kA paripakva rUpa hI rasa hai| vibhAva, anubhAva saMcArI bhAvoM se puSTa hone para ye hI 'rasa' rUpa meM badala jAte haiN| vibhAva hRdaya sAgara meM bhAva-urmiyoM ko udvelita karane ke kAraNa rUpa upakaraNa hI vibhAva kahalAte haiN| vibhAva, kAraNa, nimitta, hetu, ye saba eka hI artha ke bodhaka haiN| vibhAva do prakAra ke hote haiM- Alambana aura uddiipn| (102)

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jisake hRdaya meM bhAva jAgrata hotA hai vaha Azraya kahalAtA hai aura jina para Alambita hokara bhAva utpanna hotA hai ve Alambana vibhAva haiM jaise rati sthAyI bhAva ke Alambana nAyaka aura nAyikA hote haiN| hAsya rasa ke Alambana mUrkha yA vikRta AkRti vAle vyakti athavA vastueM hotI haiN| dIna dukhI Arta jana karuNa rasa ke, durAcArI raudra rasa ke, zatru vIra rasa ke, bhayaprada dRzya bhayAnaka rasa ke, ghRNita vastueM vIbhatsa rasa kI, Azcaryajanaka kArya vyApAra adbhuta rasa ke tathA paramArtha zAnta rasa ke Alambana haiN| sthAyI bhAva Alambana ke prati Azraya ke hRdaya meM jAgrata hokara jina kAraNoM athavA vastuoM se uddIpta hotA hai unheM uddIpana kahate haiM jaise nAyaka nAyikA kI ceSTAeM, candra-jyotsanA, surabhita pavana, vATikA Adi zRMgAra rasa ke uddIpana haiN| tIrthasthala, satsaMga, zAstrAnuzIlana Adi zAnta rasa ke uddIpana haiN| Alambana sthAyI bhAva ke utpAdaka kAraNa tathA uddIpana uddIpaka kAraNa haiN| anubhAva Azraya ke hRdaya meM utpanna sthAyI bhAva ko abhivyakti dene vAlI usakI jo uktiyAM, ceSTAeM, athavA lakSaNa hote haiM unheM hI anubhAva kahate haiM, ve bhAva ke anu arthAt pIche utpanna hone ke kAraNa anubhAva kahalAte haiM tathA sAmAjikoM ko sthAyI bhAva kA anubhava karAte haiN| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki Alambana kI ceSTAeM uddIpana tathA Azraya kI ceSTAeM anubhAva ke antargata AtI haiN| anubhAva do prakAra ke hote haiM sAtvika aura kAyikA zarIra ke akRtrima aMgavikAra, jinake Upara Azraya kA koI vaza nahIM rahatA, sAtvika anubhAva kahalAte haiN| AcAryoM ne inakI saMkhyA ATha mAnI hai1. stambha- aMgoM kI gati rUka jaanaa| 2. sveda- bhaya Adi ke kAraNa zarIra svadeyukta ho jaanaa| 3. romAMca- roMgaTe khar3e honaa| 4. svara bhaMga- kaMTha avarUddha honaa| 5. vepathu- zarIra meM kampana honaa| 6. vaivarNya- mukha kA raMga ur3a jaanaa| 7. azru- netroM se azrupAta honaa| 8. pralaya- saMjJAhIna honaa| kRtrima AMgika ceSTAoM ko kAyika anubhAva kahate haiN| rasa ke (103)

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anukUla vibhinna prakAra kI uktiyA~ bhAva bhaMgimAeM tathA ceSTAeM inake antargata AtI haiN| saMcArI yA vyabhicArI bhAva sthAyI bhAvoM ko puSTa karane meM sahAyatA pahu~cAne ke lie kucha manovikAra kucha samaya ke liye utpanna hote haiM aura kAma karake tatkAla hI lupta ho jAte haiN| saMcaraNa karate rahane ke kAraNa hI ina kSaNika sahAyaka bhAvoM ko saMcArI bhAva kahate haiN| ye kisI eka hI rasa ke sAtha baMdhe nahIM rahate kabhI kisI ke sAtha prakaTa ho jAte haiM aura kabhI kisI ke saath| isI se inheM vyabhicArI bhAva bhI kahate haiN| sthAyI bhAva rasAsvAdana paryanta mana meM Thaharate haiM tathA saMcArI bhAva taraMgoM kI bhAMti uThate aura vilIna hote rahate haiN| inakI saMkhyA taiMtIsa mAnI gayI haiM, jinameM se kucha isa prakAra haiMnirveda daridratA, Apatti, apamAna Adi ke kAraNa tucchatA kA anubhv| glAni manastApa se kArya meM anutsAha aura mana kA shaithily| zaMkA bhAvI aniSTa kI cintaa| asUyA dUsare kI unnati athava sukha-vaibhava se iirssyaa| zrama zArIrika zrama ke kAraNa mAnasika avsaad| Alasya%zrama, jAgaraNa Adi ke kAraNa kArya shaithily| dainya dAridraya athavA durgati ke kAraNa mana kI oja hiintaa| cintA=iSTa vastu kI aprApti se mana kI vikltaa| smRti sAdRzya vastu ke darzana se pUrvAnubhUta sukha dukha kA smrnn| dhRti harSa viSAda Adi meM citta kI sthirtaa| vrIr3A striyoM meM puruSa ko dekhane Adi se aura puruSoM meM nindita kArya karane se lajjA kA anubhv| isa prakAra sthAyI bhAva hI Alambana uddIpana vibhAva ke kAraNa udita hokara saMcArI bhAvoM se poSita hokara tathA anubhAva rUpa meM vyakta hokara rasa dazA ko prApta hote haiN| yahI rasa-niSpatti hai|' jaina hindI kAvya meM zAnta rasa kA rasarAjatva bharata muni ne sAhitya meM ATha rasoM ko svIkRta kara zAMta rasa ko upekSita kara diyA thA kintu kAlAntara meM zAnta rasa ko navama rasa ke pada para pratiSThita kiyA gayA aura mammaTa Adi aneka AcAryoM ke dvArA nirveda ko sthAyI bhAva svIkAra kiyA gyaa| AcArya vizvanAtha ne zAnta rasa ko spaSTa (104)

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karate hue sAhityadarpaNa meM kahA hai ki jisameM na dukha ho, na sukha ho, na koI cintA ho, na rAga dveSa ho, aura na koI icchA hI ho, use zAnta rasa kahate haiN| prazna uThatA hai ki aisI dazA meM to zAnta rasa kI sthiti mokSaprApti ke pazcAt hI ho sakatI hai kintu isa kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yahA~ sukha ke abhAva se tAtparya sAMsArika sukha se hai anya sukha arthAt Atmika sukha se nhiiN| saMsAra se vairAgya bhAva kA utkarSa hone para zAnta rasa kI pratIti hotI hai| nirveda athavA vairAgya hI zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai, saMsAra kI asAratA kA bodha tathA paramAtma tatva kA jJAna isakA Alambana vibhAva hai, sajjanoM kA satsaMga, tIrthATana, dharmazAstroM kA cintana Adi uddIpana vibhAva hai, romAMca, pulaka, azru-virsajana, saMsAra tyAga ke vicAra Adi anubhAva haiM tathA dhuti, mati, harSa, udvega, glAni, dainya, smRti, jar3atA Adi isake saMcArI bhAva haiN| jaina sAhitya adhyAtma pradhAna hai ata: usameM zAnta rasa ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai tathA zrRMgAra ke sthAna para zAnta ko rasarAja mAnA gayA hai| prasiddha jaina kavi banArasIdAsa ne "navamoM sAnta rasani ko nAyaka" kahA hai', tathA DaoN0 bhagavAnadAsa ne apane rasa-mImAMsA nibandha meM zAnta rasa kA rasa-rAjatva aneka tarkoM dvArA siddha kiyA hai| unake vicAra se zeSa saba rasa zAnta rasa meM hI samAhita ho jAte haiN| saMsAra kI asAratA aura parivartanazIlatA ko dekhakara mana kA virakta honA tathA Atmika Ananda meM lIna honA hI parama zAnti hai| aSTa karmo kA kSayakara nirvikAra avasthA ko prApta kara parama Ananda kI upalabdhi jaina dharmasAdhanA kA lakSya hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI jaina-dharma ko 'zAnta rasa kA mata' kahA hai "zAnti rasavAre kahaiM mata ko nivAre rahai, ___ teI prAna pyAre lahaiM aura saba vAre haiN|" bhakti rasa kI udbhAvanA prAcIna AcAryoM ne bhakti bhAva kI saralatA kI ora dhyAna na dekara zAnta rasa ke antargata hI ise nihita kara diyA thaa| kintu kAlAntara meM isakI mahattA aura prasAra kA anubhava kiyA gayA aura rUpa gosvAmI ke prayAsa se ise pRthaka rasa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| zAMDilya ke anusAra 'sA parAnuraktiH Izvare arthAt Izvara meM parama anurakti ko bhakti kahate haiN| bhagavadviSayaka anurAga bhaktirasa kA sthAyI bhAva hai| Izvara athavA devI devatA isake Alambana vibhAva hai, Izvara ke anupama guNa, sarvazaktimattatA, bhaktoM kA (105)

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satsaMga Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| autsukya, harSa, garva, nirveda, mati, dhRti, smRti, cintA Adi saMcArI bhAva hai| romAMca, netravikAsa, vinIta prArthanA, yAcanA, gadagada vacana, anubhAva haiN| 'bhakti rasAmRta siMdhu' meM rUpa gosvAmI ne bhakti rasa se sambaMdhita pA~ca bhAva svIkAra kiye haiM- zuddhA (zAMta), prIti (dAsya), sakhya, vAtsalya aura priyatA (maadhury)|' jaina dharma meM bhakti kI sambhAvanA jaina darzana nirIzvaravAdI to nahIM hai kintu usameM anya darzanoM kI bhA~ti Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA athavA niyantA nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sRSTi anAdi aura ananta hai, pratyeka vastu apane apane svabhAvAnusAra utpanna hotI, kArya karatI tathA naSTa hotI rahatI hai| pratyeka jIva meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti nihita hai| jIva apane karmarUpI zatruoM ko jIta kara 'jina' arthAt Izvara bana jAtA hai, jaina dharma meM inhI 'jina' arthAt jinendra bhagavAna kI pUjA kI jAtI hai|10 ata: vahA~ Izvara eka nahIM aneka haiM jo bhI karmabaMdhana se mukta ho gayA vahI Izvara hai| jaina paramparA meM Izvara vItarAga hai| rAga ko vahA~ karmabaMdhana kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| ataH rAga dveSa se pare hokara hI vaha karma-vimukta ho sakatA hai aura pUjya bana sakatA hai| bhakti meM zraddhA tathA prema kA yoga hotA hai|11 Izvara meM gahana anurAga hI bhakti hai| jaina bhakta bhagavAna kI vItarAgatA para rIjha kara hI unakI bhakti karatA hai kintu prazna uThatA hai ki jaba bhakti meM rAga sannihita hai to bhakti bhI karmabaMdha kA kAraNa honI caahiye| kintu aisA nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra prema kA Alambana alaukika hone se vaha prema alaukika ho jAtA hai usI prakAra vItarAga se kiyA gayA anurAga rAga kI koTi meM hI nahIM aataa| vastutaH para-padArthoM se kiyA gayA prema baMdha kA kAraNa hotA hai, Izvara para-padArtha nahIM sva-AtmA rUpa hI hai| isake atirikta jaina darzana Izvara meM kartatva zakti nahIM maantaa| bhakta kI bhaktibhAvanA se usa para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai, aura na vaha kisI ko sukha athavA dukha detA hai| sukha-dukha to jIva apane pUrvakRta karmAnusAra bhogatA hai| taba bhakta ko bhagavAna kI bhakti se kyA lAbha hai ? vaha bhakti kyoM karatA hai ? isakA bhI uttara hai| bhagavAna ke puNya guNoM kA smaraNa karane se bhakta kA citta nirmala hotA hai12, karmabaMdha kA kSaya hotA hai, maMjila samIpa AtI jAtI hai| isa prakAra Izvara bhakta ko svayaM bhale hI kucha na deM kintu unake nimitta se bhakta saba kucha pA jAtA hai| kintu jaina bhakta kA Izvara se sukha kI yAcanA karanA anucita hai tathA bhakti-bhAvanA (106)

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se rahita, pUjA, arcanA nirarthaka hai| isa prakAra jaina-dharma meM Izvara ke rAga-dveSa . se atIta hone para bhI usakI bhakti kI jAtI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM bhakti kA svarUpa madhya yuga meM uttara bhArata meM dharma ke kSetra meM nirguNa aura saguNa ko lekara jo pArasparika virodha aura saMgharSa vyApta rahA, jaina-dharma sAdhanA usase mukta rahI hai| yadyapi bhakta-kaviyoM ne nirguNa kI upAsanA kaThina batAkara saguNa kI bhakti karane kI bAta kaha kara donoM kI ekatA sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA13 kintu unheM vizeSa saphalatA nahIM milii| jaina paramparA meM donoM meM koI tAtvika virodha hI nahIM mAnA gayA hai| AcArya yogIndu ne 'paramAtmaprakAza' meM siddha bhagavAna ko 'niSkala' kahA hai| aura arahaMta bhagavAna 'sakala' kahalAte hai|14 uttarottara Atma vikAsa karate hue, cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya karake jIva arahaMta avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai| arahaMta sazarIra hote haiM unheM 'sakala' kahA gayA hai| jaba ye arahaMta bhagavAna cAra aghAtiyA karmoM kA bhI kSaya karake zarIra tyAga dete haiM taba siddha kahalAte haiM, inheM hI 'niSkala' kahA gayA hai| inheM hama kramazaH saguNa tathA nirguNa kaha sakate haiN| pratyeka niSkala pahale sakala banA hai ata: donoM meM koI virodha nahIM hai| uttarottara Atma vikAsa karate hue arahaMta avasthA siddha avasthA se pahalA sopAna hai aura siddha avasthA antim| jaina paramparA ke 'siddha' aura nirguNa bhakti dhArA ke 'brahma' eka hI haiM, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI donoM kI ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai "joI guNa siddha mAhiM soI guNa brahmamAhiM, siddha brahma phera nAhiM nizcai niradhAra ke|"15 jaina sAhitya sAdhanA meM 'sakala' aura 'niSkala' meM koI virodha nahIM mAnA gayA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne samAna rUpa se donoM ke caraNoM meM zraddhA-sumana car3hAye haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI donoM kI samAna rUpa se bhakti kI hai| yadyapi jaina sAdhanA kA sarvocca sopAna siddha pada hai kintu jaina stutiyoM aura maMtroM meM pahale arahaMta ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai kyoMki arahaMta avasthA meM rahate hue bhagavAna upadeza Adi kA lokopakArI. kArya karate haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI brahmavilAsa graMtha meM saMgRhIta prathama racanA puNyapacIsikA kA Arambha eka maMgalAcaraNa se kiyA hai jisameM pahale arahaMta ko, tatpazcAt siddha ko namaskAra kiyA hai (107)

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"prathama praNami arahaMta, bahuri siddha nmijjai| AcAraja uvajhAya, tAsu pada vaMdana kijjai|" isake atirikta unhoMne arahaMta tathA siddha bhagavAna kI pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa meM vaMdanA kI hai| vaise to jaina bhakta caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kA upAsaka hotA hai kintu kabhI-kabhI usakI bhakti-bhAvanA kisI eka ke prati adhika pravAhita hotI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI sAmUhika vandanA karate samaya caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kI samAna rUpa se stuti kI hai jaise 'vartamAna caturvizati jinastuti' tathA 'caturvizati tIrthaMkara jymaalaa'| kintu unakA bhakta hRdaya apekSAkRta teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI ora adhika unmukha hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI bhakti-bhAvanA se prerita hokara unhoMne unake prati eka pRthaka stuti kI racanA kI hai| 'ahakSiti pArzvanAtha jinstuti'| yaha kavi kI sarvaprathama maulika racanA jAna par3atI hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1731 meM kI gaI aura isase pUrva kI unakI anya koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| isake atirikta anya racanAoM ke madhya yatra-tatra bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke prati unake bhakti-bhAva-sumana jhara par3e haiM jaise subuddhi caubIsI ke antargata prastuta kavitta"Ananda ko kaMda kidhoM pUnama ko canda kidhoM, dekhiye dinanda aiso nanda azvasena ko| karama ko harai phaMda bhrama ko karai nikaMda, cUrai dukha dvaMda sukha pUrai mahA caina ko| sevata suriMda gunagAvata nariMda bhaiyA, dhyAvata muniMda tehU pArdai sukha aina ko| aiso jina caMda karai china meM suchaMda satau, ___aikSitako iMda pArzva pUjoM prabhu jaina ko|" tathA phuTakara kavitA ke antargata prastuta savaiyA "kAhe ko deza dizAMtara dhAvata, kAhe rijhAvata iMda nriNd| kAhe ko devi aura deva manAvata, kAhe ko zIsa navAvata cNd| kAhe ko sUraja soM kara jorata, kAhe nihorata muuddhmuniNd| kAhe ko zoca karai dina raina tU, sevata kyoM nahiM pArzva jinNd|" dAsya bhakti AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne 'zraddheya ke mahatva kI AnandapUrNa svIkRti' (108)

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ko zraddhA kahA hai aura bhakti meM zraddhA tathA prema kA yoga hotA hai| Izvara ke prati anurAga hI dAsya-bhakti kA sthAyI rasa hai, Izvara Alambana vibhAva, unake anupama guNa uddIpana vibhAva, utsukatA, garva, harSa, mati Adi saMcArI bhAva tathA romAMca, bhaktipUrNa kathana Adi anubhAva haiN| bhakta apane iSTa meM guNoM kA utkarSa dekhakara hI usa ora unmukha hotA hai aura usake guNoM kA zravaNa, ciMtana aura darzana kara use vizeSa sukha kI prApti hotI hai| ataH upAsya kI mahimA kA guNagAna karanA bhakta hRdaya kA sahaja svAbhAvika karma hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI apane ArAdhya ke mahatva kI carama anubhUti kI hai aura use bhA~ti-bhA~ti se abhivyakti dI hai| jaina bhakta kI dRSTi meM Izvara kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yahI hai ki unhoMne svayaM ko karmabaMdhana kA kSaya kara mukti prApta kI tathA unakI bhakti se bhakta kA citta nirmala hotA hai aura vaha bhI bhava sAgara se pAra ho jAtA hai| ataH yahA~ yahI uddIpana vibhAva hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI dRSTi apane iSTa kI isI vizeSatA para kendrita hai| ve kahate haiM " 'Apa taraiM tAreM parahiM, jaise jala naiyA || kevala zuddha svabhAva hai, samujhe samujhayA / / " bhavika tuma baMdahu manadhara bhAva, jina pratimA jinavara so kahiye / jAke darasa paramapada prApati, arU anaMta zivasukha lahiye / / " " jinavANI ko ko nahiM tAre / mithyAdRSTi jagata nivAsI lahi samakita nija kAja sudhaare|| 16 kavi jinendra bhagavAna kI vaMdanA isaliye karatA hai ki unakI zaraNa meM Ane para kAmadeva jaise yoddhA kA bhI usa para koI jora nahIM calegA jise saMsAra ke saba prANiyoM para vijaya prApti kA ahaMkAra hai / ata: isa padya meM bhagavAna kI yahI vizeSatA uddIpana vibhAva hai| garva, harSa, mati saMcArI bhAva tathA puSpa arpaNa anubhAva hai " jagata ke jIva jinheM jIta ke gumAnI bhayoM, aiso kAmadeva eka jodhA jo kahAyo hai / tAkezara jAniyata phalani ke vRMda bahu, ketakI kamala kuMda kevarA suhAyo hai| mAlatI sugaMdha cArU beli kI aneka jAti, caMpaka gulAba jinacaraNa car3hAyo hai| terI hI zaraNa jina jora na basAya yAko, sumana soM pUje tohi mohi aisI bhAyo hai| ''17 (109)

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jaina bhakta bhagavAna kI vItarAgatA ko jAnatA hai aura unake akartRtva se bhI paricita hai, phira bhI usakA hRdaya kucha AzA AkAMkSA lekara hI unakI ora unmukha rahatA hai kintu phira bhI jaina bhakti niSkAma hotI hai kyoMki sAMsArika sukha kI icchA hI kAmanA kahalAtI hai| alaukika athavA AdhyAtmika sukha kI vAMchA 'kAmanA' nahIM hotii| yadyapi jaina-bhakta kaviyoM ne bhI samaya ke prabhAva meM Akara vItarAga bhagavAna se bahuta kucha mAMgA hai kintu bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM isa prakAra kI yAcanA nahIM kI gaI ataH unakI bhakti niSkAma hai| upAsya ke mahatva kI svIkRti ke sAtha-sAtha nija ke laghutva kI anubhUti bhI bhakta hRdaya meM hotI hai| isase tAtparya kevala yahI hai ki ahaMkArI hRdaya bhakti jaisI pavitra bhAvanA ko dhAraNa karane kA adhikArI nahIM hotaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM hameM usa dainya athavA laghutA ke darzana nahIM hote jisake atireka meM bhakta kavi svayaM ko 'patitoM ko TIkau 18 batA gaye haiN| kintu isakA yaha tAtparya kadApi nahIM ki ve ahaMkArI the| upAsya ke guNoM ke mahatva kA anubhava hI vaha vyakti kara sakegA jo svayaM ko una guNoM se vaMcita mAnatA hai tathA unheM dhAraNa karane kA abhilASI hai| vastutaH dainya athavA laghutva kI anabhivyakti ke pIche unakA Izvara ke akartRtva meM sabala vizvAsa hai| unakI pratyeka kRti kA Arambha bhagavAna ke guNoM kA smaraNa karate hue unakI vaMdanA se huA hai| sabhI bhakta kavi bhagavAna ke nAma ke mAhAtmya ko svIkAra karate haiN| bhakti ke atireka meM ve bhagavAna ke nAma meM hI aise camatkAra kA varNana karane lagate haiM ki jisake lene mAtra se hI bhavabaMdhana kaTa jAte haiM yahA~ taka ki bhUla se bhagavAna kA nAma jihvA se nikala jAne para hI bar3e-bar3e pApiyoM kA uddhAra ho jAtA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI bhagavAna ke nAma kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai"tero nAma kalpavRccha icchA ko na rAkhai ura, tero nAma kAmadhenu kAmanA harata hai| tero nAma cintAmana, cintA ko na rAkhai pAsa, tero nAma pArasa so dArida harata haiN| tero nAma amrata piye taiM jarA roga jAya, tero nAma sukha mUla dukha ko darata hai| (110)

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tero nAma vItarAga dharai ura vItarAgA, bhavya tohi pAya bhavasAgara taraMta hai|"19 madhyakAlIna bhakti sampradAyoM ne guru ko paryApta mahatva diyA hai| kabIradAsa to govinda ko chor3a guru ko balihArI gaye haiM kyoMki vahI to govinda kI pahacAna aura usa taka pahu~cane kA mArga batAtA hai| jainadharma meM bhI guru kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, unake yahA~ jo pA~ca parameSThI mAne gaye haiM- arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu, inheM hI paMcaguru kahA gayA hai| arthAt jo mokSa ke mArga para cala cuke haiM athavA cala rahe haiM vahI sAMsArika prANI ko usa mArga kA nirdezana kara sakate haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne satguru kI mahattA kA sthAna-sthAna para pratipAdana kiyA hai| karmarUpI saoNM se mukti dilAne ke liye guru ke vacana mora ke samAna haiM "cetana caMdana vRkSa soM, karma sAMpa lpttaahiN|| bolata gurU vaca mora ke, sithala hoya dura jaahi||''20 kintu guru kA sataguru honA anivArya hai anyathA vaha to patana kI ora le jAtA "deta marana bhava sAMpa ika, kuguru anantI baar| varU sAMpahi gahi pakariye, kuguru na pakara gNvaar||':21 dAmpatya bhakti Izvara ke prati gahana anurAga hI dAmpatya bhakti kA sthAyI bhAva hai, Izvara svayaM Alambana vibhAva tathA Alambana ke guNa uddIpana vibhAva hai| utsukatA, garva, harSa, nirveda, smRti, dhRti Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM, tathA netravikAsa, romAMca, bhaktipUrNa uktiyA~ anubhAva haiN| bhakta hRdaya meM Izvara milana kI tIvra AkAMkSA hotI hai, use vaha pati patnI ke madhya milana kI AturatA kA bAnA pahanA detA hai| nArI hRdaya svabhAvataH adhika komala aura premapUrNa hotA hai ata: bhakta svayaM patnI athavA premikA banatA hai aura Izvara ko priyatama mAnakara usake viraha evaM milana ke gIta gAtA hai| kabIradAsa ne svayaM ko 'rAma kI bahuriyA' kahA hai,2 rAma ko pukArate-pukArate unakI jihvA meM chAle par3a gaye haiM aura paMtha nihArate-nihArate A~khoM meM jAlA par3a gayA hai|23 sUradAsa ne yaha prebhAbhivyakti gopiyoM ke mAdhyama se kI hai| sUphI premAkhyAnakoM meM bhakta svayaM premI banA hai ora bhagavAn ko priyatamA rUpa meM dekhatA hai| jAyasI ke 'padamAvata meM ratanasena bhakta kA pratIka hai to' padmAvatI Izvara kaa| jaina sAhitya meM bhI . (111).

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dAmpatya bhAva kI bhakti pracura mAtrA meM dRSTigata hotI hai| isakA eka rUpa bAisaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke prati rAjula ke prema ke mAdhyama se vyakta huA hai| neminAtha vairAgya utpanna hone ke kAraNa vivAha maMDapa ke dvAra se hI lauTa gaye the, suhAgonmukhI rAjula pratIkSA hI karatI raha gii| aneka kaviyoM ne sAdhu muniyoM athavA tIrthaMkaroM ke saMyama-zrI tathA zivaramaNI se AdhyAtmika vivAha hote hue dikhAe haiN| jaina paramparA meM AtmA aura paramAtmA meM tAtvika bheda nahIM mAnA gayA hai| karma-mala se yukta AtmA hai aura karma-mala se mukta paramAtmA hai| AtmA ko pati tathA use 'kAntAsammita upadeza' dene vAlI sumati ko patnI mAnakara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne rUpaka kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| cetanA yukta hone ke kAraNa jaina kaviyoM ne AtmA ko cetana cidAnanda cinmUrti Adi kI saMjJA dI hai| sumati rAnI apane pati cetana se prema karatI hai pati kI ananta zakti tathA guNoM se paricita hai kintu durbhAgyavaza vaha kubuddhi Adi dAsiyoM kI saMgati meM rahakara vipathagAmI ho gayA hai| use madhura zabdoM meM saceta karate hue sumati rAnI kahatI hai"dAsIna ke saMga khela khelata anAdi bIte, ajahU~ lo vahai buddhi kauna caturAI hai| kaisI hai kurUpakArI nizi jaise aMdhiyArI, auguna gahanahArI kahA jAna laI hai| inhI kI saMgata soM saMkaTa aneka sahe, jAni bUjha bhUla jAhu aisI sudhi gaI hai| Avata parekho haMsa ! mohi ina bAtana ko, cetana ke nAtha ko acetanA kyoM bhaI hai|''24 cetana ke saceta na hone para sumati punaH pyAra bhare zabdoM meM kSamA, karuNA, zAnti jaisI aneka sundara nAriyoM kI sevA kA lobha dikhAte hue jJAna rUpI mahala meM le jAnA cAhatI hai"kahA~-kahA~ kauna saMga lAge hI phirata laal|| Avo kyoM na Aja tuma jJAna ke mahala meN|| naikahU viloki dekho antarasudRSTi setI, ___ kaisI kaisI nIkI nAri ThAr3I hai Tahala meN|| ekanateM eka banI sundara surupa dhanI, upamA na jAya ganI vAya kI cahala meN|| (112)

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aisI vidhi pAya kahU~ bhUli aura kAja kIjai, eto ko mAna lIje vInatI sahala meM / / "25 patnI ke samAna madhura upadeza aura kauna de sakatA hai ? vaha bhA~ti-bhA~ti se use samajhAte hue kahatI hai 44 " ika bAta kahU~ zivanAyaka jI, tuma lAyaka Thaura kahA~ aTake ? yaha kauna vicakSana rIti gahI, vinu dekhahi akSana soM bhaTake || ajahU~ guNamAno to zIkha kahU~, tuma kholata kyoM na paTai ghaTa ke ? cinamUrati Apu virAjatu hai, tina sUrata dekhe sudhA gaTake || Aja bahuta dina ke pazcAt sumati kA pati cetana ghara lauTakara A rahA hai| sumati apanI sakhi se prasanna hokara kahatI hai 1126 " +127 "dekho merI sakhIyai Aja cetana ghara Avai / / kAla anAdi phiryo paravaza hI, aba nija sudhahiM citaavai|| janama janama ke pApa kiye je, te china mAhi bahAvai / / zrI jina AjJA zira para dhara to paramAnaMda guNa gAvai / / deta jalAMjali jagata phirana ko aisI jugati banAvai // | vilasai sukha nija parama akhaMDita, bhaiyA saba mana bhaavai|| rItikAlIna sAhitya meM dUtI varNana paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| dUtI kA mukhya kArya nAyaka nAyikA kA milana karAnA hotA thaa| eka aisI hI dUtI sumati ko lekara nAyaka cetana ke pAsa jAtI hai aura usakI prazaMsA karate hue kahatI hai" lAI hoM lAlana bAla amolaka, dekhahu to tuma kaisI banI haiM ? aisI kahU~ tihU~ loka meM sundara, aura na nAri aneka banI haiN|| yAhI taiM tohi kahU~ nita cetana ! yAhU kI prIti ju to so sanI hai / / terI aura rAdhe kI rIjhi anaMta, su mo peM kahU~ yaha jAta ganI hai| 28 mAnava hRdaya eka hI nArI kI ora anurakta raha sakatA hai| kavi ne yahA~ eka manovaijJAnika satya kA udghATana kiyA hai| sAMsArika kAma vAsanAoM meM anurakta prANI paramArtha ke patha para kaise jA sakatA hai ? mana ko sambodhana karate hue vaha kahatA hai ki yadi tU strI arthAt viSaya-vAsanAoM kA tyAga kara de to zivanArI tujhe varaNa kara legI 1 "re mana mUr3ha vicAri karo, tiya ke saMga bAta sabai bigaraigI / / e mana jJAna sudhyAna dharo, jinake saMga bAta sabai sudharaigI / / (113)

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dhU guNa Apa vilakSa gaho puni, Apuhi tai paratIti ttraigii| siddha bhaye te yahI karanI kara, aiseM kiye ziva nArI vraigii|| 29 jaina sAhitya meM ziva mokSa athavA mukti kA paryAyavAcI banakara prayukta huA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI zyovadhU (zivavadhU), ziva ramaNI, zivanArI, ziva sukha Adi padoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| caudaha guNasthAna jIva saMkhyAvarNana nAmaka kRti ke aMta meM nAma 'zivapaMthapacIsikA' diyA gayA hai| zAMta rasa athavA zAntA bhakti ___ pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki jaina sAhitya zAMta rasa pradhAna hai| vahA~zRMgAra ke sthAna para zAMta rasa kA rAjatva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sthAyI Ananda zAnta rasa meM hI prApta hotA hai| abhinavagupta ne bhI zAnta rasa ko zreSTha kahA hai kyoMki usakA lakSya mokSaprApti hotA hai aura mokSa jIvana sAdhanA kA antima aura paramalakSya hai| saMsAra kI asAratA dekhakara mana meM vairAgya bhAva puSTa hone para zAnta rasa kI pratIti hotI hai aura saMsAra ko asAra, anitya tathA dukhamaya mAna kara AtmA athavA paramAtmA meM kendrita ho jAnA hI zAnti (zAntA bhakti) hai| bhakti rasAmRta-siMdhu meM zrI kRSNa meM paramAtmabuddhi se utpanna rati ko zAnti kahA gayA hai|30 nirveda isakA sthAyI bhAva hai| dhvanyAlokakAra ne tRSNAkSaya sukha ko isakA sthAyI bhAva mAnA hai| anitya saMsAra isa rasa kA Alambana vibhAva, mandira, satsaMga dharmazAstroM kA adhyayana, sAMsArika vipattiyAM, uddIpana vibhAva, dhRti, mati, harSa, udvega, jar3atA Adi saMcArI bhAva tathA kAmakrodha, lobha moha Adi kA abhAva tathA inako tyAgane kI uktiyAM Adi anubhAva haiN| paM0 rAmadahina mizra ke anusAra, "anya rasa laukika hone se pravRtti mUlaka aura zAntarasa pAralaukika hone se nivRtti-mUlaka hai|''31 __ jaina dharma meM AtmA kA vistRta varNana hone se tathA usake sarvazaktimAna mAnane se jaina sAhitya adhyAtma pradhAna hai tathA usameM adhyAtma mUlA-bhakti pramukha hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM bhI zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA hai| mana ko sAMsArikatA se vimukha karake Atmasukha kI ora unmukha karanA hI unake kAvya kA mUla svara hai| saMsAra kI kSaNa-bhaMguratA, zarIra kI nikRSTatA, jIva kI ajJAnatA, Adi kI aneka hRdayagrAhI uktiyoM se unakI kRtiyA~ otaprota haiN| zataaSTotarI ke eka kavitta meM ve kahate haiM ki mAnava kI kAmanAe~ sadaiva (114)

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atRpta rahatI haiN| usakI tRSNA bhagavAna kA dhyAna karane se hI zAnta ho sakatI hai"jetojala lokamadhya sAgara asaMkhya koTi, teto jala piyo pai na pyAsa yAkI gaI hai| jete nAja dIpamadhya bhare haiM avAra Dhera, te te nAja khAyo tou bhUka yAkI naI hai| tAteM dhyAna tAko kara jAtai yaha jAya hara, aSTAdaza doSa Adi ye hI jIta laI hai| vahai paMtha tUhI sAji aSTAdaza jAya bhAji, hoya baiThi mahArAja tohi sIkha daI hai|" jisa zarIra ko mAnava chappana prakAra ke rasapUrNa vyaMjana khilA-khilAkara poSita karatA hai, usa zarIra kI nikRSTatA kA kitanA spaSTa varNana hai "mAMsa hADa lohU sAni putarI banAI kAhu, , cAma soM lapeTa tAmeM roma keza lAye haiN| tAmaiM malamUta bhara kRmi keI koTi dhara, roga saMcai kara kara loka meM le Aye haiN| bolai vaha khAu~ khAuM khAye binA gira jAUM, Age ko na dharoM pAuM tAhI pai labhAye haiN| aise bhrama moha ne anAdi ke bhramAye jIva, dekheM paratakSa tou cakSu mAno chAye haiN|' '32 isa para bhI mAnava zarIra se prema karatA hai kintu yaha phira bhI sadaiva usakA sAtha nahIM detA, jaba taka deha hai taba taka hI saba sage sambaMdhI bhI sAtha hai| samasta sambandha svArtha ke haiM "kAhe ko deha so neha karai tua, aMta ko rAkhI rahegI na terii| merI hai merI kahA karai lacchi soM, kAhu kI vai ke kahUM rahI nerii| mAna kahA rahyo moha kuTumba so, svAratha ke rasa lAge sgerii| tAteM ta ceti vicakSana cetana, jhaThI hai rIti sabai jaga kerii||33 saMsAra kI nazvaratA kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai"dhUmana ke dhaurahara dekha kahA garva karai, ye to chinamAhiM jAhiM pauna parasata hii| (115)

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saMdhyA ke samAna raMga dekhata hI hoya bhaMga, dIpaka pataMga jaise kAla garasata hii| supane meM bhUpa jaise indra dhanu rUpa jaise, __ osa bUda dhUpa jaise durai darasata hii| aisoI bharama saba karmajAla vargaNA ko, ___ tAme mUDha magna hoya marai tarasata hii||"34 saMsAra kI asAratA kA varNana kavi ne eka anyokti ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai "sUvA sayAnapa saba gaI, seyo semara vRcch|| Aye dhokhe Ama ke, yApaiM pUraNa icch|| yApaiM pUraNa iccha, vRccha ko bheda na jaanyo|| rahe viSaya lapaTAya, mugdhamati bharama bhulaanyo|| phalamahiM nikase tUla, svAda puna kachu na huuvaa|| yahai jagata kI rIti dekhi, semara sama suuvaa||" jIva sAMsArika viSaya vAsanAoM meM lipta rahakara apane cAroM ora karmajAla phailA letA hai phira svayaM hI usameM ulajha jAtA hai "haMsA ha~sa ha~sa Apa tujha pUrva saMvAre phNd| tihiM kudAva meM baMdhi rahe, kaise hohu suchNd|| kaise hohu suchaMda, caMda jima rAhu graasai| timara hoya bala jora, kiraNa kI prabhutA naasai|| svapara bheda bhAse na deha jaDa lakhi taji sNsaa| tuma guNa pUrana parama sahaja avalokahu hNsaa||"35 karma-baMdha kA mUla rAga dveSa kI pariNati hai| rAga dveSa meM lipta hone ke kAraNa hI jIva apane Atma svarUpa se anabhijJa rahatA hai| rAga-dveSa rUpI mala ke ucchedana karate hI karma rUpI vRkSa dharAzAyI ho jAtA hai, Atmika Ananda kA prakAza vikIrNa hone lagatA hai"moha ke nivAre rAga dveSaha nivAreM jAhiM. rAga dveSa TAreM moha ne kahU na paaiye| karma kI upAdhi ke nivArivai ko peMca yhai| jar3a ke ukhAre vRkSa kaise tthhraaiye| (116)

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DAra pAta phala phUla savai kumhalAya jAya, karmana ke vRkSana ko aise ke nsaaiye| tabai hoya cidAnanda pragaTa prakAza rUpa, vilasai ananta sukha siddha meM khaaiye||"36 isa ananta Atmika Ananda kI upalabdhi meM hI paramazAnti hai, yahI mAnava jIvana kA carama lakSya hai| vIra rasa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM vIra rasa kA bhI sundara paripAka huA hai| vIra rasa kA sthAyI bhAva utsAha, zatru Alambana vibhAva, zatru kA garva, parAkrama Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| garva, dhRti, smRti, Avega, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAva tathA romAMca, garva yukta uktiyA~, bhujAeM phar3akanA Adi anubhAva haiN| vIra rasa ke cAra bheda mAne gaye haiM- yuddhavIra, dayAvIra, dharmavIra aura daanviir| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke 'cetanakarmacaritra' meM rAjA cetana ke dvArA zatru rAjA moha se yuddha karane ke prasaMga meM vIra rasa kA samucita paripAka huA hai "jJAna gambhIra dalabIra saMga le caDhyo, eka te eka saba sarasa suuraa| koTi arU sakhina na pAra kou gane, jJAna ke bheda dala sabala puuraa|" "bajjahiM raNa tUre, dala bahu pUre, cetana guNa gaavNt| sUrA tana jaggo, kou na bhaggo, aridala pai dhaavNt|| aise saba sUre, jJAna aMkUre, Aye sammukha jeh|| ApA bala maMDe, aridala khaMDe, puruSatvana ke geh||" "raNasiMge bajahiM, kou na bhajjahiM karahiM, mahA dou juddh|| ita jIva haMkArahiM, nija paravArahiM, karaha arina ko ruddh||" vIbhatsa rasa rudhira mAMsa tathA anya ghRNita vastuoM ko dekhakara utpanna jugupsA se vIbhatsa rasa utpanna hotA hai| jugupsA isakA sthAyI bhAva hai| ghRNita vastueM Alambana vibhAva, kutsita rUpa raMga uddIpana vibhAva, glAni, jar3atA, nirveda Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne zarIra kI nikRSTatA ke prasaMga meM (117)

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vIbhatsa rasa utpanna karane vAle varNana kiye haiM "bar3I, nIta laghu nIta karata hai, bAya sarata badaboya bhrii| phoDA bahuta phunagaNI maMDita, sakala deha manu roga drii| zoNita hADa mAMsa maya mUrata, tApara rIjhata gharI ghrii| aisI nAri nirakhikara kezava ? 'rasika priyA' tuma kahA krii||'"37 adbhuta rasa vicitra vastu ke dekhane va sunane se jaba Azcarya kA paripoSaNa hotA hai taba adbhuta rasa kI pratIti hotI hai| Azcarya isakA sthAyI bhAva hai adbhuta vastueM athavA alaukika ghaTanAeM Alambana vibhAva, unakI vilakSaNatA uddIpana vibhAva, autsukya, zaMkA, Avega, jar3atA Adi saMcArI bhAva, netra-vistAra, romAMca, stambha Adi anubhAva hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke dvArA tIrthaMkaroM ke asAmAnya lakSaNoM ke varNana meM adbhuta rasa kI pratIti huI hai"dehadhArI bhagavAna karai nAhIM khAna pAna, rahai koTi pUraba lo jaga meM prasidhi hai| bolata amola bola jIbha hoTha hAle nAhi, dekhai arU jAnai saba indrI na avadhi hai| Dolata phirata rahai Daga na bharata kahai, __parasaMga tyAgI saMga dekho ketI ridhi hai| aisI acaraja bAta mithyA ura kaise mAta, ___ jAnai sAMcI dRSTivAro jAke jJAna nidhi hai||''38 hAsya, raudra, bhayAnaka Adi anya rasoM kA varNana unake kAvya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| isa prakAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI samasta kRtiyoM meM zAnta rasa sarvapramukha hai| dAmpatya bhakti meM rAnI sumati kI uktiyoM meM milana kI AkulatA athavA virahAturatA kA utanA unmeSa nahIM hai jitanA usake patnI rUpa meM madhura miThAsa bhare zabdoM meM parAmarza kaa| dAsya bhakti meM unakI uktiyoM meM dInatA kA atireka nahIM hai| vIra, adbhuta tathA vIbhatsa rasa sahAyaka rUpa meM Aye haiN| unase zAMta rasa athavA zAntA bhakti ke pUrNa-paripAka meM atyadhika sahAyatA prApta huI hai| (118)

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saMdarbha evaM TippaNiyA~ on os 1. 'vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kaavym| - AcArya vizvanAtha, sAhitya darpaNa, DaoN0 satyavrata zAstrI kI TIkA sahita, prathama pariccheda, pR0 saM0 23 vidyAcAcaspati paM0 rAmadahina mizra, kAvya darpaNa, pR0 saM0 154 paMDita rAmabahorI zukla, kAvya pradIpa, pR0 saM0 56 vibhAvAnubhAva vyabhicAri sNyogaadrsnisspttiH| bharatamuni, nATaya zAstra, SaSTha adhyAya, saM0 DaoN0 raghuvaMza, pR0 saM0 274 'na yatra dukhaM na sukhaM na cintA na dveSa rAgau na ca kAcidicchAH rasaH sa zAntaH kathito munIndraiH sarveSu bhAveSu shmprdhaanH| - AcArya vizvanAtha, sAhitya-darpaNa, DaoN0 satyavrata zAstrI kI TIkA sahita, tRtIya pariccheda, pR0 saM0 265 DaoN0 premasAgara jaina, jaina zodha aura samIkSA, pR0 saM0 169 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Izvara nirNayapacIsI, chaM0 saM0 6 8. vidyAvAcaspati paM0 rAmadahina mizra, kAvya darpaNa, pR0 saM0 213 saM0 DaoN0 zyAmanArAyaNa pAMDeya, rUpa gosvAmIkRta bhakti rasAmRta siMdhu, pR0 saM0 11 'jaina vaha AtmA hai jo 'jayati karma zatrUn iti jinaH' 'ke anusAra karma zatruoM ko jItane vAle deva ko yA paramAtmA ko apanA upAsya yA ArAdhya maane|' - zrI hIrA lAla pAMDe, jaina-dharma aura karma-siddhAnta, zrI tanasukha rAya jaina smRti-graMtha, pR0 saM0 374 11. AcArya rAmacandra zukla, cintAmaNi, bhAga eka, zraddhA bhakti nibndh| 12. 'na pUjayArtha stavayi vItarAge na nindayA naath| vivaant-vaire| tathA'pi te puNya-guNa-smRtirnaH punAti citaM duritA jnebhyH||' - AcArya samantabhadra, svayaMbhU stotra, pR0 saM0 12. 13. 'rUpa rekha guna jAti jugati bina nirAlamba mana cakRta dhaave| saba vidhi agama vicArahi tAteM sUra saguna lIlA pada gaave||' - sUradAsa, sUra-vinaya-patrikA, (gItApresa), pada saM0 3. (119)

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14. yogIndu, paramAtma prakAza, brahmadeva kI TIkA sahita, 1, 25 Y) saM32 15. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, phuTakara kavitA, chaM0 saM0 16 16. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramArtha pada paMkti, chaM0 saM0 3 17. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, jinapUjASTaka, chaM0 saM0 5 18. 'prabhu, hauM saba patitana kau ttiikau| - sUradAsa, sUra-vinaya-patrikA, pada saM0 187 19. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, supaMtha kapaMtha pacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 3 20. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dRSTAnta pacIsI, chaM0 saM0 20 21. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, phuTakara viSaya, chaM saM0 29 'hari mora pIva maiM rAma kI bahuriyA, rAma mora bar3oM maiM tana kI lhuriyaa|' - prastutakartA DaoN0 zukadeva siMha, kabIra bIjaka, zabda saM0 78 23. 'aMkhar3iyA~ jhAI par3I paMtha nihAri nihaar| jIbhar3iyA~ chAlA paDyA rAma pukAri pukaar||' - kabIradAsa, kabIra graMthavAlI, viraha kau aMga, sAkhI saM0 22 24. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 26 vahI, chaMda saM0 27 __ vahI, chaM0 saM0 10 27. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramArthapada paMkti, chaM0 saM0 14 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 28 vahI, chaM0 saM0 81 DaoN0 prema sAgara jaina, jaina zodha aura samIkSA, pR0 saM0 170 31. vidyAvAcaspati paM0 rAmadahina mizra, kAvya-darpaNa, pR0 saM0 210 32. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 106 33. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Azcarya caturdazI, chaM0 saM0 14 34. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, cha0 saM0 90 vahI, cha saM0 74 36. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, mithyAtvavidhvaMsana caturdazI, chaM0 saM08 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, supaMtha kupaMtha pacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 19 38. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Azcarya caturdazI, cha0 saM0 2 14 (120)

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adhyAya-5 klaa bN alaMkAra-yojanA kavi apane bhAvoM ko sundara rUpa pradAna karane ke liye alaMkAroM kA Azraya lete haiN| alaMkAroM ke prayoga se kAvya meM sauMdarya kI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha AkarSaNa evaM prabhAvotpAdakatA kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| kAvya ke zobhAkAraka dharma alaMkAra kahe jAte hai| AcArya rAmacaMdra zukla ke anusAra bhAvoM kA utkarSa dikhAne aura vastuoM ke rUpa, guNa aura kriyA kA adhika tIvra anubhava karAne meM kabhI-kabhI sahAyaka hone kI yukti alaMkAra hai| kAvya meM bhAvoM kI spaSTatA aura mUrtimattA kA vidhAna karane ke liye kavi aprastuta vidhAna karatA hai| yaha aprastuta-yojanA AgrahapUrvaka nahIM honI cAhiye anyathA bhAva sauMdarya meM bAdhA upasthita hogii| vAstava meM aprastuta yojanA bhAva sauMdarya ko prakAzita karane ke liye hai, use dhUmila karane ke liye nhiiN| kAvya meM zobhA athavA sauMdarya kA vidhAna zabda evaM artha ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| isI AdhAra para alaMkAroM ke do varga nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM-zabdAlaMkAra tathA arthaalNkaar| zabdAlaMkAroM meM zabda sauMdarya tathA arthAlaMkAroM meM artha ke sauMdarya kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| jahA~ zabda aura artha donoM kA hI sauMdarya vidyamAna ho vahA~ ubhayAlaMkAra mAne jAte haiN| kAvya meM alaMkAroM kI sattA evaM mahattA ke viSaya meM AcAryoM meM paryApta matabheda rahA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne alaMkAra ko kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya daNDI, bhAmaha Adi isI mata kI sthApanA karate haiN| hindI meM rIti-yuga ke AcArya kezavadAsa bhI aMlakAroM ke prabala samarthaka the| unake anusAra alaMkAroM ke binA kavitA kAminI suzobhita nahIM ho sktii| ve kahate haiM "jadapi sujAti sulakSaNI subarana surasa suvRt| bhUSana binu na virAjaI kavitA vanitA mitt|| 2 vAstavikatA yaha hai ki alaMkAroM ke upayoga se kAvya meM sauMdarya kI vRddhi avazya hotI hai kintu hama unheM kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra (121)

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nahIM kara skte| alaMkAroM ke atizaya prayoga se bhI kAvya kA svAbhAvika sauMdarya lupta ho jAtA hai| AcArya kezava kI kavitA meM alaMkAra bhAra ke kAraNa bhAva kA sauMdarya vikRta ho gayA hai| ataH aucitya kI sImA meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga kAvya ko sauMdaryayukta banAtA hai tathA spaSTatA meM sahAyaka hotA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa aise samaya meM hue jaba hindI meM rItiyuga kA Arambha ho cukA thaa| kezavadAsa kI camatkArapUrNa kavitA tathA bihArI ke alaMkRta dohe sAhityika kSetra meM avatarita ho cuke the| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI pramukha racanAeM yadyapi darzanaparaka evaM dharmapradhAna haiM jinameM alaMkAroM kA prayoga nAmamAtra ko hai tathApi anya racanAoM meM alaMkAra, bahulatA hai| unake kAvya meM alaMkAra sAmAnyataH sahaja svAbhAvika rUpa meM hI Aye haiM, kevala kucha sthaloM para yamaka alaMkAra saprayAsa lAyA gayA hai| aise sthaloM para bhAvapakSa zithila ho gayA hai| yaha kavi ke Upara rItikAlIna prabhAva hai| citrakAvya antalApikA Adi ke rUpa meM bhI unhoMne abhivyakti kI aisI hI aneka camatkArapUrNa zailiyoM ko apanAyA hai| zabdAlaMkAra zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa aura yamaka bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ko vizeSa priya haiM tathA inake aneka udAharaNa unake kAvya meM vidyamAna haiM, jinameM se kucha yahA~ prastuta haiManuprAsa "raina samai supano jima dekhatu prAta bahai saba jhUTha btaayaa|| tyoM nadi nAva saMyoga milyo tuma, cetahu cita meM cetana raayaa||''3 "aisI nAri nAgani ke naina ko nimeSa jIta, / bhaye haiM ajIta muni jagata vikhyAta haiN||" yamaka yamaka alaMkAra meM kavi kI vizeSa ruci hai| yamaka ke bhaMgapada aura abhaMgapada donoM prakAra ke prayoga paryApta mAtrA meM dRSTigata hote haiM, yathA "miTai urajha ura kI sabai jI, phUchata prazna prtkss|| pragaTa lahai paramAtmA jI, vinase bhrama ko pkss||"5 (bhaMgapada yamaka) "kAnana suni kAnana gaye ho, bhUpati taja bahu raaj|| kAja saMvAre Apane ho, kevali jJAna upaaj||'' (abhaMga pada yamaka) (122)

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"eka matavAre kareM anya matavAre saba, mere matavAre paravAre mata sAre haiN||" (abhaMga pada yamaka) paramAtma zataka meM kavi kA yamaka ke prati anurAga carama-sImA ko pahu~ca gayA hai| lagabhaga tIsa soraThe evaM dohe, aise haiM jinameM yamaka kA prayoga huA hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai "harI khAta ho bAvare, harI tori mati kaun|| ___harI bhajo Apau tajo, harI rIti sukha haun||" zleSa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM zleSa ke prayoga atyaMta virala haiN| arthAlaMkAra / ___ arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAnta bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke vizeSa priya alaMkAra haiN| bhAva sAmya ke nirUpaNa meM upamAna yojanA se vizeSa sahAyatA milatI hai| unake upamAna sajIva, saTIka tathA prAyaH maulika haiN| unase bimba grahaNa meM vizeSa sahAyatA milatI hai| unake kAvya se kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM upamA upamA kavi kA atyaMta priya alaMkAra hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai"puhupa vRSTi ziva sukha daataar| divya dhvani jina jai jai kaar|| causaTha cavara DharahiM cahu or| sevahiM indra megha jimi mor||''B mAlopamA mAlopamA alaMkAra kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai"dhUmana ke dhaurahara dekha kahA garva karai. ye to china mAhiM jAhiM pauna parasata hii| saMdhyA ke samAna raMga dekhata hI hoya bhaMga, dIpaka pataMga jaise kAla garasata hii|| supane meM bhUpa jaise indradhanuSa rUpa jaise, osabUMda dhUpa jaise durai darasata hii| aisoI bharama saba karma jAla vargaNA ko, tAmeM mUDha magna hoya marai tarasata hii||" rUpaka dharma, darzana tathA upadeza ke prasaMga meM rUpaka alaMkAra kA sundara nidarzana (123)

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huA hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai__ "hRdaya kamala para baiThikeM, karata vividha prinnaam| kartA nAhI karma ko, brahmA Atama raam||''10 sAMgarUpaka unake kAvya meM sAMgarUpaka kA bhI yatra-tatra acchA nirvAha huA hai| kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM "jJAna rUpa tarU Ugiyo, samyaka dharatI maahi| darzana dRr3ha zAkhA sahita, cArita dala lhkaahiN|| lagI tAhi guNa maMjarI, jasa svabhAva cahuM or|| pragaTI mahimA jJAna meM, phala hai anukrama jor||11 kavi ne do hI paMktiyoM meM kitanA sundara sAMgarUpaka bAMdhA hai "cetana caMdana vRkSa soM, karma sAMpa lpttaahiN|| bolata gurU vaca mora ke, sithala hoya dura jaahiN||"12 'suAbattIsI' meM to Adi se aMta taka sAMgarUpaka hI hai| itanA vistRta sAMgarUpaka hindI meM gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke rAmacarita mAnasa ko chor3akara anyatra durlabha hai| isake atirikta bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne 'cetanakarmacaritra' 'madhubinduka caupAI', zata aSTottarI, paMcendriya-saMvAda Adi rUpaka kAvyoM kI bhI racanA kI hai, jinakA vistRta vivecana tRtIya adhyAya-kRtiyoM kA paricaya meM rUpaka-kAvya ke aMtargata kiyA jA cukA hai| utprekSA utprekSA kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai"dharatI tapata mAno tavA sI tapAya rAkhI, baDavA anala sama zaila jo jarata haiN||''13 dRSTAnta yaha bhI kavi kA priya alaMkAra hai| dRSTAnta-pacIsI meM kavi ne dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se hI dharma evaM nIti kA upadeza diyA hai| unake dRSTAnta anubhava para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa hRdaya-sparzI evaM grAhya hai| yathA "jiya hiMsA jaga meM burI, hiMsA phala dukha det|| makarI mAkhI bhakSyatI, tAhi cirI bhakha let||14 (124)

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udAharaNa ___ gUDha siddhAntoM ko sarala rUpa meM prastuta karane ke liye kavi ne udAharaNa alaMkAra kA Azraya liyA hai| 'paramAtmachattIsI' meM isa alaMkAra ke sundara udAharaNa haiN| yathA "doSa AtamA ko yahaiM, rAga dveSa ke sNg| jaise pAsa majITha ke, vastra aura hI rNg||''15 virodhAbhAsa 'bhaiyA' ke kAvya meM 'virodhAbhAsa' alaMkAra ke bhI acche udAharaNa haiM"tyAga bar3o saMsAra meM, pahucAvai shivlok| tyAgahi teM saba pAiye, sukha ananta ke thok||"16 asaMgati asaMgati alaMkAra kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai__ "dekhI deha-kheta kyArI tAkI aisI rIti nyArI, boye kachu Ana upajata kachu Ana hai| paMcAmRta rasa setI pokhiye zarIra nita, * upajai rUdhira mAsa hADana ko ThAna hai||17 anyokti unake kAvya meM anyokti alaMkAra kA bhI yatra-tatra acchA nirvAha huA hai| eka udAharaNa prastuta hai "sUvA sayAnapa saba gaI, seyo semara vRcch| Aye dhokhe Ama ke, yA pUraNa icch|| yApaiM pUraNa iccha vRccha ko bheda na jaanyo| rahe viSaya lapaTAya, mugdhamati bharama bhulaanyo|| phalamahiM nikase tUla svAda puna kachU na huvaa| yahai jagata kI rItidekhi, semara sama suuvaa||18 zrI nemicandra zAstrI ne hindI jaina sAhitya meM alaMkAra yojanA para vicAra karate hue batAyA hai "hindI jaina kaviyoM kI kavitA-kAminI anAr3I rAjakulAMganA ke samAna na to adhika alaMkAroM ke bojha se dabI hai aura na grAmya-bAlA ke samAna nirAbharaNa hI hai| isameM nAgarika ramaNiyoM ke samAna sundara aura upayukta alaMkAroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai|"19 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya para bhI yaha kathana caritArtha hotA hai| (125)

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chaMda-yojanA mAnava apanI hRdayagata bhAvanAoM aura anubhUtiyoM kI abhivyakti sAhitya ke rUpa meM karatA hai| jaba yaha abhivyakti vizeSa gati aura laya se yukta hotI hai taba yaha kavitA kI saMjJA pA letI hai| 'mAtrA vA varNa vA donoM ke nizcita krama vA mApa vA saMkhyA ke sAtha hI virAma gati vA laya tathA tuka Adi ke niyamoM se yukta racanA ko padya kahate haiN| "padya' aura 'chanda' samAnArthaka zabda haiN| 20 mAtrA, varNa kI racanA, virAma, gati kA niyama aura caraNAnta meM samatA jina paMktiyoM meM pAI jAtI hai, ve chaMda kahalAtI haiN| chaMda baddha hone se kAvya kA sauMdarya dviguNita ho jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa vAkya meM vaha pravAha aura sauMdarya nahIM hotA jo chaMda meM baddha hone se utpanna ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra nadI kI svAbhAvika dhArA ko tIvra aura pravAhamAna banAne ke liye pakke pAToM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra bhAvanAoM aura anubhUtiyoM ko prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke liye chaMdoM kI AvazyakatA hai| chaMda-vidhAna nAda-sauMdarya kI vizeSatA para avalambita hai| ata: vaha kAvya ko saMgItAtmakatA pradAna karatA hai| kAvya aura saMgIta kA saMgama prAcIna kAla se hotA rahA hai| yaha eka mahatvapUrNa tathya hai ki hindI meM hI nahIM anya bhAratIya aura abhAratIya bhASAoM meM bhI padya kA vikAsa bahuta pahale ho gayA thA tathA gadya kA vikAsa Adhunika kAla meM chApekhAnoM ke aviSkAra ke pazcAt huA, isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki padya eka nizcita krama, gati aura laya meM baddha rahane ke kAraNa saralatA se kaMThastha kiyA jA sakatA thA aura lipibaddha na hone para bhI eka pIr3hI ke dvArA dUsarI pIr3hI ko hastanAntarita kiyA jA sakatA thaa| isa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM kAvya kI dhArA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane kA kAphI kucha zreya chaMda-yojanA ko hai| chaMda meM baddha hone se kAvya prabhAvapUrNa AkarSaka evaM hRdayagrAhI bana jAtA hai| chaMda do prakAra ke hote haiM- varNika aura maatrik| jisa chanda ke caraNoM yA padoM meM vargoM kI saMkhyA samAna hotI hai yA jisameM gaNoM ke krama kA niyama hotA hai use varNa-vRta (varNika) kahate haiN| jisake pratyeka caraNa kI mAtrAeM samAna rahatI haiM use mAtrika chaMda kahate haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne apane kAvya meM donoM hI prakAra ke chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI racanAoM meM chaMda vaividhya dikhAI detA hai| yadyapi unhoMne vinamrazIlatAvaza svayaM ko piMgalazAstra se anabhijJa batAyA hai21 kintu (126)

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unake kAvya meM chanda-parIkSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne vividha chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura chaMdazAstra kA unheM paryApta jJAna thaa| chaMdoM kA itanA vaividhya virala kaviyoM ke kAvya meM hI dRSTigata hotA hai| dohA, caupAI, kavitta aura chappaya unake priya chaMda haiN| adhikatara racanAeM dohA caupAI chaMda meM haiN| inake atirikta savaiyA, kuMDaliyA, soraThA, arilla, plavaMgama, paddhari, AryA, cAMdrAyaNa Adi aneka chaMdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| unake kAvya se kucha chaMdoM ke udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta haiMcaupaI / yadyapi prakAzita brahmavilAsa meM bahuta se chaMdoM ko caupAI chaMda likhA gayA hai kintu parIkSA karane para jJAta huA ki vaha 32 mAtrAoM vAlA caupAI chaMda na hokara 30 mAtraoM vAlA caupaI chaMda hai, jisake eka caraNa meM 15 mAtrAeM hotI haiN|22 yaha lipikartAoM kI ajJAnatA kA hI pariNAma pratIta hotA hai| isakA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai "eka jIva guNa dharai anNt| tAko kachu kahiye virtNt| saba guNa karma achAdita rhaiN| kaise bhinna-bhinna tiha~ khaiN||''23 dohA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne adhikatara racanAoM kA Arambha dohA chaMda se kiyA hai jisameM jinendra bhagavAna kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| isake atirikta kucha pUrI racanAeM dohA chaMda meM baddha haiN| unake kAvya se dohA chaMdoM ke kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM "tIrthaMkara tribhuvana tilaka, tAraka tarana jinnd|| tAsa carana vaMdana karauM, manadhara prmaannd||" "Izvara nirmala mukuravata, tIna loka aabhaas| sukha sattA caitanyamaya, nizcaya jJAna vilaas||24 manaharaNa kavita isa chaMda kA eka sundara udAharaNa prastuta hai jisameM 8,8,8,7 varNa para yati hai aura antima varNa guru hai, chaMda kI layAtmakatA hRdayagrAhI hai"hAthI ghore pAlakI nagAre ratha nAlakI na, cakacola cAla kI na car3hi rIjhiyatu hai| svetapaTa cAla kI na, motI mana mAlakI na, dekha dyuti bhAla kI na mAna kIjiyatu hai| (127)

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zaila bAga tAla kI na, jala jaMtu jAla kI na, dayA vRhadha bAla kI na, daMDa dIjiyatu hai| dekha gati kAla kI na, tAha kauna hAlakI na, ___ cAbi cUba gAlakI na, bIna lIjiyatu hai|25 mAtrika kavitta isake eka dala meM 31 mAtrAeM hotI haiM aura 16, 15 para yati hotI hai| isakA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai cetana nIMda bar3I tuma lInI, aisI nIMda leya-nahiM koy| kAla anAdi bhaye tohi sovata, vina jAge samakita kyoM hoy|| niharce zuddha gayo apano guNa, parake bhAva bhinna kari khoy| haMsa aMza ujvala havai jaba hI, taba hI jIva siddha sama hoy||26 durmila savaiyA isameM laghu laghu guru ke krama se caubIsa varNoM kI pUrI paMkti hotI hai| unake kAvya se durmila savaiyA kA eka udAharaNa prastuta haiM prabhu bAhu sugrIva nareza pitA, vijayA jananI jaga meM jinkii| mRga cihna virAjata jAsu dhujA, nagarI hai susImA bhalI jinkii|| zubha kevala jJAna prakAza jinezvara jAnatu hai sabahI jinkii| ganavAra kahai bhavi jIva suno, tihu~ loka meM kIrati hai jinkii||| kuMDaliyA yaha chaMda bhI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa dvArA paryApta mAtrA meM vyavahRta huA hai, yathA bhaiyA, bharama na bhUliye, pudgala ke prsNg| apano kAja saMvAriye, Aya jJAna ke aNg|| Aya jJAna ke aMga, Aja darzana gahi liije| kIje thiratA bhAva, zuddha anubhau rasa piijai|| dIje cauvidhi dAna, aho ziva-kheta bsaiyaa| tuma tribhuvana ke rAya, bharama jina bhUlahu bhaiyaa||28 chappaya unake kAvya meM chappaya chaMda kA bhI yatra-tatra prayoga huA hai| eka udAharaNa prastuta hai (128)

Page #151
kalpavRkSa jinadharma, iccha saba pUrai mana kI / ciMtAmana jinadharma, ciMta saba TArai jana kI / / pArasa so jinadharma, karai lohAdika kNcn| kAmadhenu jinadharma, kAmanA rahatI raMca n|| jinadharma paramapada eka lakha, anaMta jahAM paaiye| 'bhaiyA' trikAla jina-dharma teM, muktinAtha tohi gAiye / / ' 4 +$29 soraThA dohA chaMda ke sAtha unake kAvya meM soraThA chaMda bhI kahIM-kahIM prayukta huA hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai "ika aMgula paramAna, roga chAnaveM bhara rahe / / kahA karai abhimAna, dekha avasthA naraka kI / / "30 anaMgazekhara laghu guru laghu guru ke krama se icchAnusAra prayukta varNoM vAle isa chaMda meM prastuta padya kI laya aura gatyAtmakatA to dekhate hI banatI hai 'kaTAka karma tora ke chaTAka gAMTha chora ke, paTAka pApa mora ke taTAka dai mRSA gii| caTAka cihna jAni ke, jhaTAka hIya Ana ke, 44. naTAki nRtya bhAna ke khaTAki nai kharI ThaI || ghaTAka ghora phArike, taTAka baMdha TArake, aTAka rAma dhAra keM, raTAka rAma kI jii| gaTAka zuddha pAna ko haTAki Ana Ana ko, ghaTAki Apa thAna ko, saTAka zyau badhU laI / / +131 paddhari chaMda pratyeka caraNa meM 16 mAtrAoM va anta meM jagaNa ( laghu guru laghu) yukta paddhari chaMda kA bhI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne paryApta mAtrA meM prayoga kiyA hai, yathA "jaya jaya prabhu RSabha jinendra deva jaya jaya tribhuvanapati karahiM seva / jaya jaya zrI ajita anaMta jor| jaya jaya jihaM karma hare kaThora / / "32 marahaTA 10, 8, 11 para yati ke krama se 29 mAtrAoM vAle isa chaMda kA upayoga bhI kavi ne yuddha ke prasaMga meM hI kiyA hai, isa chaMda meM yuddha kA varNana bahuta hI upayukta huA hai| isameM dhvani aura artha kA sAmaMjasya darzanIya hai (129)

Page #152
'bajjahiM raNa tUrai, dala bahu pUrai, cetana guNa gAvaMta / sUrA taba jaggo, kou na bhaggo, ari dala pai dhAvaMta / / aise saba sUre, jJAna aMkUre, Aye sanmukha jeha / / ApAbala maMDe, aridala khaMDe, puruSatvana ke geha // 133 unake chaMdoM meM kahIM-kahIM yati bhaMga aura laghu guru varNoM ke krama kA ullaMghana bhI milatA hai kintu isase unake kAvya sauMdarya me kucha bhI kSati nahIM hotI, kyoMki ve kisI lakSaNa graMtha kI racanA nahIM kara rahe the| chaMda unake kAvya sRjana kA sAdhana the sAdhya nahIM / ina chaMdoM ke atirikta bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne AryA, dhattA, mattagayanda Adi chaMdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| prasaMga ke anukUla chaMdoM ke prayoga se unakA mahatva aura sauMdarya dviguNita ho jAtA hai| 'bhaiyA' jI ne cetanakarmacaritra Adi prabandhakAvyoM meM adhikatara caupaI chaMda, jinendra bhagavAna kI vaMdanA karane ke liye dohA chaMda tathA yuddha kA sajIva varNana karane ke karikhA aura marahaTA chaMda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra vividha mAtrika aura varNika chaMdoM kA upayukta prayoga chaMdazAstra meM unake paryApta jJAna aura gati kA dyotaka hai| DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ne unheM 'kavittoM kA rAjA' kahA hai| 34 chaMda - baddha hone se unake kAvya meM saMgItAtmakatA kA samAveza ho gayA hai aura usakI prabhAvotpAdaka zakti meM atIva vRddhi huI hai| isake atirikta unheM vibhinna rAgarAganiyoM kA bhI jJAna thaa| paramArtha pada-paMkti ke samasta pada bhairava, bilAvala, rAmakalI, kAphI, sAraMga, devagaMdhAra, vihAga Adi aneka rAga rAganiyoM meM baddha haiN| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina bhakta kaviyoM ne paccIsI, battIsI, chattIsI Adi ke rUpa meM bhAvAbhivyakti kI hai| unhoMne apanI racanAoM ke nAma adhikatara chaMda - saMkhyA ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kiye haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI apane graMthoM ke nAma adhikatara isI AdhAra para rakhe haiN| unhoMne paccIsiyA~ sarvAdhika mAtrA meM likhIM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM- upadezapacIsikA, anitya pacIsikA, supaMtha kupaMtha pacIsikA, puNyapApa jagamUlapacIsI, jinadharma pacIsikA, samyaktva pacIsikA, vairAgya pacIsikA, nATaka pacIsI, Izvara nirNaya pacIsI, karttAakarttA pacIsI, dRSTAMta pacIsI / inase kama saMkhyA hai battIsiyoM kI, jo isa prakAra hai- anAdi battIsikA, akSarabattIsikA, manabattIsI, svapnabattIsI, suAbattIsI / inake atirikta unhoMne aSTaka, caturdazI, caubIsI, chattIsI aura aSTottarI bhI likhIM haiN| "" (130)

Page #153
bhASA pratyeka kavi bhAvAbhivyakti ke liye kisI bhASA ko apanAtA hai| bhAva yadi kAvya kI AtmA hai to bhASA usakA zarIra hai| sundara bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA ke liye kavi kA bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra honA Avazyaka hai| samartha kaviyoM kI bhASA unakI bhAvAnugAminI hotI hai jo unake abhISTa artha ko abhivyakti detI calatI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhAvAbhivyaMjanA ke liye uttara pradeza kI tatkAlIna janabhASA ko apanAyA hai, jise hama brajamizrita hindI khar3I bolI kA vikasita hotA huA rUpa kaha sakate haiN| ve saMskRta tathA prAkRta ke viddhAna the, arabI phArasI kA unheM paryApta jJAna thA ataH unakI bhASA meM tatsama, tadbhava, sAmAnya bolacAla ke tathA videzI sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| udAharaNa ke liye kucha zabdoM kI sUciyA~ yahA~ dI jA rahI haiN| tatsama zabda . bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI anUdita tathA darzana pradhAna racanAoM meM saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM kA hI apekSAkRta adhika prayoga huA hai| zeSa racanAoM meM bhI tatsama zabdoM kA bAhulya hai| aise kucha zabdoM kI sUcI yahA~ prastuta haiaMkhaDita, aMgaja, avaktavya, asti, upazama, upekSA, kaMcana, tArkSya, dravyaguNa, darzana, nAsti, nirmala, nIlotpala, paramAnanda, pratyAkhyAna, bhrAmaka, mithyAtva, mIna, mokSa, vajra, varjita, vidyamAna, viveka, vRSabha, vyoma, zuddhi, zUnya, zubhra, zrAvaka, SaTa, sayaMma. saptama, siddha, sRSTi, surpti| tadbhava zabda prayoga meM Ate-Ate bahuta se zabda apane mUla rUpa se bhinna ho jAte haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne aise tadbhava zabdoM kA bahulatA se prayoga kiyA hai| aise kucha zabdoM kI sUcI yahA~ prastuta haiacaraja < Azcarya, apacharA < apsarA, Atama < Atma, uvajhAya < upAdhyAya, Uradha < Urdhva, karataba < kartavya, kUkha < kukSi, cArita < cAritra, jujhAra < yuddhakAra, tattA < tapta, dhUma < dhUmra, niravAha < nirvAha, pacchima < pazcima, paramAda < pramAda, parasAda < prasAda, puhumi < pRthvI, prAnI < prANI, baranana < varNana, mahUrata < muhUta, vAnI < vANI, vidhanA < vidhAtA, saravajJa < srvjny| (131)

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sAmAnya bolacAla ke zabda uthala puthala, Teva, ToTA, nagIca, niyArI, nIkI, patiyArI, pichorI, pokhiye, bakavAda, bakibo, bApuro, bAMjha, mUMDI, lallopatto, hoMsa, haMkAri / videzI zabda ataH bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne tatkAlIna jana-pracalita bhASA ko apanAyA hai| unakI bhASA meM kucha videzI zabda apane mUla rUpa meM hI prayukta hue haiM aura kucha vikRta rUpa meN| yahA~ aise hI zabdoM kI pRthaka-pRthaka sUcI dI jA rahI hai arabI bhASA ke zabda mUla rUpa meM prayukta - ilAja, aina, aiba, mahallA, muddata, silaha, vikArayukta-adala < adla, umara < umra, kUbata < kUvata, khyAla < khyAla, phaila < phela, sAhata - sAyata, sAhiba sAhaba, hajUra < hujUra, hukuma < hukma / phArasI bhASA ke zabda mUla rUpa meM prayukta- khuzAmadI, gunAha, gumAna, jahAna, damAmA, daramyAna, dAma, dila, nizAnI, pATha, mIra, yAra, saradAra, sipahasAlAra / vikArayukta - aradAsa - arjadAzta, Atisa < Atiza cazama< cazma, jasUsa < jAsUsa, jude < judA, tamAsagIra < tamAzabIna, dojaka < doz2akha, nivAja < navAz2a, paravAha < paravA, pAtazAha < bAdazAha, phirastoM < phariztoM, mahimAna < mehamAna, morace < moraca:, huziyAra < hoziyAra / arabI phArasI meM kucha zabda aise haiM jinako hama na vikRta kaha sakate haiM na pUrNata: shuddh| usa samaya devanAgarI lipi meM arabI phArasI bhASA kI kucha dhvaniyoM ke liye koI saMketa cihna hI nahIM thA, kAlAntara meM inheM devanAgarI varNoM ke nIce bindu lagAkara saMketita kiyA gyaa| turkI zabda kumaka dhvani parivartana tatsama zabdAvalI se tadbhava zabdoM ke nirmANa tathA lokavyavahAra kI zabdAvalI meM aneka sthAnoM para dhvani parivartana dRSTigata hotA hai| yahA~ bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa kI bhASA meM dhvani parivartana kI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM para saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai (132) >

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svara parivartana a=ai mala > maila A-a vRtAnta > virataMta vinatI > bInatI io udita > udota i=au divasa > dhauMsa munIndra > muninda vyaMjana parivartana ka-ga prakaTa > paragaTa kukSi > kUkha da-ga pudgala > puggala da-ja dazaratha > jasaratha tha-ha nAtha > nAhu ba-pa bAdazAha > pAtazAha ya=ja yoddhA > jodhA Sa-kha bhASai > bhAkhai samcha apsarA > apacharA svara kA Agama agni > aganI AcArya > AcAraja dravya > daraba nirvAha > niravAha prapaMca > parapaMca praNAma > paraNAma vyaMjana kA Agama karma > karma kauna > kavana kucha > kachuika bAIsa > bAhija svara kA lopa ziva > zyau caraNa > carNa naraka > narka parama > parma vyaMjana kA lopa arjadAsta > aradAsa anubhava > anubhau udaya > udai dhvani > dhuni (133)

Page #156
pavana > pauna vacana > vaca vinaya > binai lakSmI > lacchi vyathA > vithA samyaktva > samakita bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI kRtiyoM meM kucha chaMda arabI phArasI zabdoM se bojhila hai ataH unakA 'Tona' phArasImaya ho gayA hai| isake atirikta unakA gujarAtI bhASA para bhI paryApta adhikAra thA, isakA pramANa unakA gujarAtI bhASA meM likhA gayA eka chaMda hai|35 isake atirikta kahIM-kahIM 'nakAra' ke sthAna para 'NakAra' ke prayoga se una para rAjasthAnI tathA gujarAtI prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai aura yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai kyoMki AgarA kI sImAeM eka ora se brajapradeza kA sparza karatI haiM to dUsarI ora rAjasthAna kaa| udAharaNArtha rAkhaNa, dhaNo, taNo, jANe, unakI bhASA meM 'jU' lagAne kI pravRtti bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai, jise buMdalekhaMDI kA prabhAva mAnA jA sakatA hai, yathA "jina rAja jU ne yAteM khyo| sarvajJa jU ne puggala pramANu prti| brahmA jU kI sRSTi ko curAya cora le gye|" kisI bhI kavi kI bhASA kA vivecana karate samaya unake dvArA prayukta saMjJA, sarvanAma, kAraka tathA kriyA rUpoM kA adhyayana vAMchanIya hai, ata: yahA~ bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI bhASA kA isI dRSTi se adhyayana kiyA jA rahA haisaMjJA rUpa brajabhASA meM vyaMjanAnta saMjJAoM meM 'ana' pratyaya jor3akara bahuvacana banAyA jAtA hai| yaha pravRtti bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI bhASA meM bahuta adhika dRSTigata hotI hai, yathA "saMsArI jIvana (jIvoM) ke karamana (karmoM) ko baMdha hoy|" "dhUmana ke dhaurahara dekha kahA garva krai| sarana kI nahiM rIti ari Aye ghara meM rhe|" kavi ne 'ana' ke sthAna para 'ani' pratyaya kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai, yathA "itane padArthani ko kAyadhara maaniye| toloM tohi ganthani meM aise ke batAyo hai||" (134)

Page #157
strIliMga saMjJAoM meM 'ina' tathA 'Ina' pratyaya ke yoga se bahuvacana banAye gaye haiM, yathA "indina ke sukha meM magana rahai ATho jaam| dAsIna ke saMga khela khelata anAdi biite||" kriyA rUpa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI kRtiyoM meM kriyAoM kA prayoga prAyaH brajabhASA kI pravRtti ke anusAra huA hai| vartamAna kAla uttama puruSa ke sAtha ukarAnta kriyAyeM dRSTigata hotI hai, yathA praNamUM parama deva ke paay| isake atirikta 'ata' athavA 'atu' lagAkara bhI rUpa banAye gaye haiM, yathA bAMdha maMgAvata hoM tuma tiir| "hetu hetu tua hetu kahatu hoM rUpa gh|" madhyama puruSa meM kriyA ke vibhinna rUpa dRSTigata hote haiM, yathA- aikArAnta, 'ata' tathA 'atu' pratyAnta mUr3ha kyoM janma gmaavai| abake sabhAritaiM pAra bhale pahuMcata hauN| tU kachu bheda na bUjhatU rNck| anya puruSa meM bhI kriyA ke vibhinna rUpa dRSTigata hote haiM ata, atu, hi tathA aikArAnta, yathA sovata mahala mithyAta meN| ye apane apane rasa ko nita pokhatu haiN| tAkI bhagati karahi mana laay| rasanA ke rasa mIna prANa pala mAhiM gmaavai| uttama puruSa meM ekArAnta tathA okArAnta kriyA rUpa prayukta hue haiM, yathA taba maiM pApa kiye ihi sNg| maiM jAno saba mero desh| madhyama puruSa meM bhUtakAlika kriyAeM IkArAnta, ekArAnta tathA okArAnta haiM jiya ! tumane sAMcI khii| tAkI tuma tIra aaye| are taiM ju yaha janma gamAyo re| (135)

Page #158
anya puruSa meM bhUtakAlika kriyAoM ke vibhinna rUpa dRSTigocara hote haiM, yathA- IkArAnta, nI (kInI), nhI (kInhI), okArAnta tathA antima varNa meM svara ko lopa karake tathA 'yo' lagAkara mRga kari zravaNa saneha deha durajana ko diinii| nija putrI dInhI prnaay| ihi kInhoM jaise nttkiis| jaDapura ko muha kiyo nres| kopyo moha mahA blii| bhaviSyatkAla- uttama puruSa kI bhaviSyatkAlika kriyAyeM ekArAnta, aikArAnta athavA 'iho' lagAkara banAI gaI haiM aba yA ko hama paraseM naahii| nijabala rAja karai jaga maahi| jo aihai yA dAva meM tauM maiM karihoM bhor| madhyama puruSa meM bhaviSyavatkAlika kriyAyeM 'iho', 'huge', aura 'bo' lagAkara banAI gaI haiM, yathA dekhe soM baciho puni naahiN| tumahU saba jana daurike jAya milahuga dhaay| bahuryo phira milabo naahiN| anya puruSa meM ye kriyAyeM 'ge' athavA 'haiM' lagAkara banAI gaI haiM, yathA te tohi sauja kreNge| dehaiM sajA bahu aisI bhii| jaina kaviyoM kI bhASA sAmAnyataH prasAda guNa yukta hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI kI kRtiyoM kI bhASA bhI prasAdaguNa se otaprota hai| jaina-dharma ke pAribhASika zabdoM ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM bodhamamyatA meM bAdhA avazya par3a gaI hai anyathA usameM kahIM bhI kliSTatA athavA jaTilatA nahIM hai| bhASA kA eka anya guNa 'oja' bhI bhaiyA jI kI racanAoM meM kUTa-kUTa kara bharA huA hai| unake pada ojasvitA se paripUrNa haiN| cetanakarmacaritra meM cetana tathA moha ke paraspara yuddha kA varNana hone se vIrarasa kI sundara abhivyakti huI hai| vahA~ unakI bhASA oja se paripUrNa yuddha varNana ke upayukta hai| draSTavya hai eka udAharaNa (136)

Page #159
raNasiMge bajjahiM, koUna bhajjahiM, karahiM mahA dou juddh|| itajIva haMkArahiM, nija paravArahiM, karahu arina ko ruuddh|| DaoN0 premasAgara jaina ke anusAra "unakA (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA) brahmavilAsa oja se bharA sindUra-ghaTa hai| banArasI kA 'zAnta-rasa' zAnti kI goda meM panapA, jabaki bhaiyA kA vIratA ke prabhaMjana meM janamA, palA aura puSTa huaa| adhyAtma aura bhakti ke kSetra meM vIra rasa kA prayoga bhaiyA kI apanI vizeSatA thii|"36 ___ unameM bhAvAbhivyakti kI adbhuta kSamatA thii| unakI vANI kAmadhenu kI bhA~ti unake abhIpsita bhAvoM ko vyakta karatI calatI hai| bhAvAnukUla bhASA kA prayoga unakI eka anya vizeSatA hai| unakI bhASA kA sAMgopAMga avalokana karane ke pazcAt hama kaha sakate haiM ki unakI bhASA saMskRta ke tatsama tadbhava zabdoM se yukta arabI, phArasI zabdoM se bharapUra brajabhASA se prabhAvita, vikasita hotI huI khar3I bolI thii| bhAvAbhivyaMjanA kI unameM adbhuta kSamatA thii| muhAvare aura lokoktiyA~ bhASA meM muhAvaroM tathA lokoktiyoM kA sthAna atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hotA hai| jaba koI zabda-samUha athavA vAkyAMza apane abhidhArtha ko chor3akara anya artha kA dyotana karane lagatA hai aura usI artha meM rUr3ha ho jAtA hai to vahI muhAvarA bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra abhivyakti kA yaha prakAra zabda kI lakSaNA zakti para AdhArita hai| hindI ke saba muhAvare lakSyArtha ke udAharaNa haiN| arthAt una sabameM lakSaNa-zakti abhipreta hotI hai| saMkSepa meM gaharI coTa kara jAnA, koI mArmika vyaMjanA kara DAlanA, yaha muhAvaroM ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hai| ataH muhAvare bhASA kA zrRMgAra haiN| jana-mAnasa ke anubhava ke AdhAra para athavA kisI ghaTanA vizeSa ke kAraNa jaba koI ukti samAja meM pracalita ho jAtI hai to lokokti kahalAtI hai| lokokti meM gAgara meM sAgara bharane kI pravRti kAma karatI hai| isameM jIvana ke satya bar3I khUbI se prakaTa hote haiN| lokoktiyA~ mAnavIya jJAna ke dhanIbhUta ratna haiN| sAMsArika vyavahAra-paTutA aura sAmAnya-buddhi kA jaisA nidarzana kahAvatoM meM milatA hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| isa prakAra muhAvare aura lokoktiyA~ donoM hI samAja ke dvArA anubhUta tathyoM para AdhArita haiN| inameM abhivyaMjanA kI adbhuta zakti hotI hai| jo bhAva kitane hI vistRta (137)

Page #160
vAkyoM meM spaSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, use eka choTe se muhAvare yA lokokti ke mAdhyama se saralatA se abhivyakti dI jA sakatI hai, ataH inake mAdhyama se lekhaka saMkSepa meM hI bahuta kucha kaha detA hai| muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM ke prayoga se lekhaka ke bhASA para adhikAra kA paricaya milatA hai| lokoktiyA~ jana-sAmAnya kI dharohara hotI haiM, jo kavi jitanA adhika jana samparka meM rahatA hai utanA adhika hI apanI bhASA meM muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA prayoga karatA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA paryApta mAtrA meM prayoga kiyA hai jisase unakI bhASA meM rocakatA aura sajIvatA A gaI hai| yahA~ unake dvArA prayukta kucha muhAvare aura lokoktiyA~ udAharaNa-svarUpa prastuta haiM- muhAvare 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. dina dasa bIta jAye hAtha pITa pachatAya / pIMjare se pAMchI ur3a jAtu hai| vyAdhi kI poTa banAI kAyA / pAMya pasAri paryo dharatI mAhiM / tere kara cintAmaNi Ayo / ghaTa kI A~kheM khola joharI / tinakI mUra ukhArahu nIMva / china meM raMka karai china rAva | hoya hama nAma dina dina savAyo / jo kabahu Ter3ho bakai / bAMdhakara morace bahuri sanmukha bhayo / tabai moha nRpa bIDA dharai / caDhyo su muMcha marori / jo cUko aba daav| jo aihai mo dAva meM, tau maiM karihoM bhora / khoTe phaMda race arijAlA / sovahu sadana pichorI tAna / khola dekha ghaTa paTahi ugharanA / khAya calyo gAMTha kI kamAI / lAkha bAta kI bAta yaha / (138)

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. lokoktiyA~ jovana kI jeba bhare, juvati lagAve gare / gur3a khAya jo kAhe na kAna viMdhAve / sUrana kI nahiM rIti, ari Aye ghara meM rhe| jaisI kachu karanI, taisI bharanI / dina daza nikasa bahura phira paranA / vezyAghara pUta bhayo bApa kahai kauna so / Aja kAla jama leta hai tU jorata hai dAma / jagahiM calAcala dekhiye koDa sAMjha kou bhora / ihi kAla balI soM balI nahiM koya | Atama ke kAja binA raja sama rAja sukha / hAtha le kulhArI pAMya mArata hai apano / ika aMgula paramAna roga chAnaveM bhara rhe| vove je vaMbUra te tau Ama kaise khaaNvege| sUta na kapAsa karai korI so laThAlaThI / guru aMdhe ziSya aMdha kI lakhai na bAra kubAra / kauDI ke ananta bhAga Apana bikAya cuke / bIti gayo ausara banAya kahai batiyAM / sAMpa tajai jyoM kaMcukI, viSa nahI tajai zarIra / sApahi gahi pakariye, kuguru na pakara gaMvAra | sArAMza yaha hai ki upayukta sthaloM para upayukta muhAvaroM aura kahAvatoM ke prayoga se bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI bhASA meM bodhagamyatA, svAbhAvikatA, sajIvatA tathA rocakatA A gaI hai| inake prayoga se arthagAmbhIrya ke sAtha-sAtha bhASA meM pravAha kA bhI saMcAra huA hai| camatkArika zailiyA~ 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne usa samaya kAvya-racanA kI jaba hindI sAhitya meM rItikAla cala rahA thaa| yadyapi ve rasa alaMkAra Adi ke kSetra meM tatkAlIna pravRttiyoM se aprabhAvita rahe tathApi apane yuga se nitAnta asaMpRkta bhI ve na raha ske| unhoMne kathana kI aneka camatkArapUrNa zailiyoM ko apanAyA jinameM (139)

Page #162
nizcaya hI hRdaya-pakSa kSINa tathA buddhi-pakSa sabala hai| unake dvArA racita 'citra - kAvya' kA "kRtiyoM kA paricaya" adhyAya ke antargata vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| paramAtmazataka meM kavi ne kucha aisI zailiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isameM racanA kAla kA samvat sIdhe sarala DhaMga se aMkoM meM na batAkara kavi ne kitanI camatkArapUrNa zailI meM batAyA hai "jugala canda kI je kalA, aru saMyama ke bheda / so saMvatsara jAniye, phAlguna tIja suped| "37 arthAt caMdramA kI solaha kalAoM ke yugala arthAt battIsa aura saMyama niyamoM ke satraha bheda, isa prakAra samvat 1732 vi0 kA saMketa diyA gayA hai| kahane kA tAtparya hai ki phAlguna zukla tRtIyA samvat 1732 ko isa kRti kI racanA kI gii| isa prakAra zabdoM ke mAdhyama se aMkoM ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| eka anya dohe meM aMkoM ke mAdhyama se kucha zabdoM ke artha khIMcakara nikAle gaye haiM " je lAge dazabIsa soM, te teraha paMcAsa / soraha bAsaTha kIjiye, chAMDa cAra ko vAsa / / "38 isakA artha isa prakAra hai- jo daza bIsa-tIsa se, arthAt tRSNA tRpta karane meM lage rahe ve teraha pacAsa = tresaTha (taresaTha ) arthAt zaTha haiN| ataH ve solaha bAsaTha = aThahattara (aThahattara) arthAt ATha karmoM ko naSTa arthAta hata kara isa bhavasAgara se pAra ho (tara) aura cAra gatiyoM (deva, munaSya, tiryaMca, naraka) kA vAsa chor3a deM / yahA~ kavi ne saMkhyAvAcaka zabdoM se anya artha dyotita karane kI yojanA apanAI hai| jaina dharma meM cAra saMkhyA ke kitane hI samUha hote haiM jaise cAra gati, cAra kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) cAra ananta catuSTaya (anantadarzana, jJAna, sukha aura vIrya) kavi ne eka hI dohe meM cAra zabda kA cAra bAra prayoga kiyA hai aura pratyeka bAra vaha bhinna-bhinna samUhoM kA dyotaka hai 'cAra mAhiM joloM phirai, dharai cAra soM prIti / / toloM cAra lakhai nahIM, cAra khUMTa yaha rIti / / ''39 arthAt jIva jaba taka cAra gatiyoM kA bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai aura cAra kaSAyoM meM prIti rakhatA hai, jaba taka cAra ananta catuSTaya ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA, (140)

Page #163
cAra khUTa arthAt saMsAra kI yahI gati hai| manabattIsI meM mana arthAt citta ke liye ATha paserI (ATha paserI=mana) kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| mana ke donoM artha hai citta tathA bhAra kI eka mApa=mana (40 sera ataH ATha paserI=mana arthAt citt| "kahA muMDAye mUMDa base kahA mtttthkaa| kahA nahAye gaMga nadI ke taTTa kaa|| kahA kathA ke sune vacana ke paLa kaa| jo basa nAhI tohi paserI aTTha kaa||140 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM bahirlApikA tathA aMtarlApikA bhI haiM inakA lakSaNa kavi kezava ne isa prakAra batAyA hai "uttara baraNa ju bahirai bahirlApikA hoy|| antara antApikA yaha jAnai saba koy||41 chanda meM kucha prazna kiye jAte haiM jahA~ uttara ke akSara bAhara se nizcita kiye jAyeM vahA~ bahirlApikA aura jahA~ uttara ke akSara usI chaMda meM sammilita hoM use antApikA kahate haiN| kavi kezava ne bahirlApikA aura antarlApikA ke udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| lAlA bhagavAna dIna ne inako alaMkAra kahA hai|42 inakA mUla hameM vikramI kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke kavi amIra khusaro kI paheliyoM meM milatA hai "eka thAla motI se bhraa| sabake sira para audhA dhraa|| cAroM ora vaha thAlI phire| motI usase eka na gire||" (uttara AkAza)43 "cAra mahIne bahuta calai au ATha mahIne thorii| amIra khusaro yoM kahai tU bUjha pahelI morii||" (uttara-morI)44 inameM se prathama ko bahirlApikA tathA dvitIya ko antarlApikA kaha sakate haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kRta AzcaryacaturdazI meM eka chaMda ko bahirlApikA tathA do chaMdoM ko aMtarlApikA likhA gayA hai, jabaki parIkSaNa karane para jJAta huA ki jisako bahirlApikA likhA gayA hai vaha chaMda bhI aMtApikA kA hI udAharaNa hai jo yahA~ prastuta hai"kahA sarasuti ke kaMdha ? kaho china bhaMgura ko hai ? / (141)

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kAnana ko kahA nAma ? bahuta soM kahiyata jo hai ? / / bhUpati ke saMga kahA ? sAdha rAjai kihaM thAnaka ? / lacchiya virathI kahA~ ? kahA resama sama vAnaka ? / / zreyAMsarAya kInho kahA ? so kIje bhavijana ddaa| saba artha anta yaha taMta, suna vItarAga sevahu sdaa||"45 isa chaMda meM bahuta se prazna haiM aura isI chanda kI antima paMkti ke 'suna vItarAga sevahu sadA' ke vargoM ko vizeSa krama se lagAne para saba praznoM ke uttara nikala Ate haiN| isake tIsare aura dUsare akSara se vIna (pahale prazna kA uttara) cauthe aura dUsare se tana, pAMcave dUsare se rAna, chaThe aura dUsare se gana, sAtaveM dUsare se sena, AThaveM dUsare se vana, naveM dUsare se hona (huna) dasaveM dUsare se sana aura gyArahaveM dUsare se dAna banakara saba praznoM ke uttara nikalate haiN| isa prakAra yaha bhI aMtApikA kA hI udAharaNa hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne kucha ekAkSarI, dvayakSarI, trayakSarI, caturakSarI dohoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| kavi kezavadAsa ne bhI isa prakAra ke chaMdoM kI paryApta mAtrA meM racanA kI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya se kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM ekAkSarI "nAnI nAnI nAna meM, nAnI nAnI naan|| nana nAnI nana nAna nai, nana nainAnana naan||46 dvayakSarI "mAna na mAnoM mAna meM, mAna mAna maiM maan|| manu na mAnai mAna meM, mAna mAnu meM maan||147 ina chaMdoM kA artha mastiSka ko paryApta vyAyAma karAne ke pazcAt kucha na kucha to nikala hI AtA hai kintu dRSTi bAya camatkAra para hI ulajhakara raha jAtI hai hRdaya to usameM rama hI nahIM paataa| isa prakAra ina zailiyoM meM kAvya kA kalApakSa hI puSTa hai, bhAva pakSa atyaMta zithila ho gayA hai| sAmAnya vyakti ko to ye chaMda bodhagamya bhI nahIM ho skte| yaha bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa para tatkAlIna rItikAvya kA prabhAva hai| yadyapi ina zailiyoM kA upayoga apekSAkRta kama hI kiyA gayA hai tathApi ve apane yuga se nitAnta aprabhAvita bhI na raha ske| (142)

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1. 2. 3. kezavadAsa, kavipriyA, 511 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 48 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, bAIsaparIsahana ke kavitta, chaM0 saM0 19 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paMcendriya saMvAda, chaM0 saM0 81 vahI, chaM0 saM0 44 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Izvara nirNayapacIsI, chaM0 saM0 6 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, jinaguNamAlA, chaM0 saM0 13,14 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNyacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 17 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, brahmAbrahma nirNaya caturdazI, chaM0 saM0 9 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, guNamaMjarI, chaM0 saM0 2,3 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dRSTAnta pacIsI, chaM0 saM0 20 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, bAIsa parIsahana ke kavitta, chaM0 saM0 3 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dRSTAnta pacIsI, chaM0 saM0 4 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramAtma chattIsI, chaM0 saM0 27 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, phuTakara viSaya, chaM0 saM0 26 zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 103 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 74 nemicandra zAstrI, hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, bhAga 2, pR0 saM0 163 rAmabahorI zukla, kAvya-pradIpa, pR0 saM0 266 maiM na paDhyoM piMgala na dekhyo chaMda koza koU, nAmamAlA nAma ko par3hI nahIM vicArake / 22. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 107 jagannAtha prasAda bhAnukavi, chaMda prabhAkara, pR0 saM0 48 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, aSTakarma kI caupAI, chaM0 saM0 2 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, kartA akartApacIsI, chaM0 saM0 16 25. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Izvara nirNayapacIsI, chaM0 saM0 11 23. 24. (143) & vo 4. 5. 6. saMdarbha evaM TippaNiyA~ 'kAvya zobhAkarAn dharmAn alaMkarAn pracakSate / ' AcArya daNDI, kAvyAdarza, 2 ( 1 ) 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. -

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26. 27. 28. 10 30. 31. 36. 37. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 83 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, videhakSetrastha vartamAna jina viMzatikA, chaM0 saM0 3 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zataaSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 71 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, jinadharmapacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 5 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paMcendriya saMvAda, chaM0 saM0 109 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, subuddhi caubIsI, chaM0 saM0 9 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, caturviMzati tIrthaMkara jayamAlA, chaM0 saM0 2 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, cetanakarma caritra, chaM0- saM0 105 DaoN premasAgara jaina, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pU) saM) 438 zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 40 DaoN premasAgara jaina, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR saM) 270 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramAtma zataka, chaM0 saM0 100 vahI, chaM0 saM0 41 vahI, cha0 saM0 40 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, manabattIsI, chaM0 saM0 29 kavi kezava, kavi priyA, solahavAM prabhAva, chaM0 saM0 43 lAlA bhagavAnadIna, priyA prakAza, pR0 saM0 326, 327 AcArya rAmacandra zukla kRta, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 saM0 55 se uddhRta hindI zabda sAgara, prathama bhAga, (antargata antarlApikA)pR0 saM0 29 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Azcarya caturdazI, chaM0 saM0 4 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, phuTakara kavitA, chaM0 saM0 18 vahI, chaM0 saM0 19 38. (144)

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adhyAya -6 baaNfnik bin sRSTi kartRtva vicAra jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha saMsAra kucha dravyoM se mila kara banA hai, ye haiM jIva aura ajiiv| ajIva dravya pAMca prakAra kA hai, pudgala, dharma, adharma, kAla aura aakaash| isa prakAra ye SaTa dravya haiM jinase sampUrNa saMsAra kI sRSTi huI hai, saMsAra meM inake atirikta aura kucha nahIM haiN| dravya kA lakSaNa hai sat arthAt astitva, aura jaina darzana ke anusAra sat kA lakSaNa hai-utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya arthAt utpatti vinAza aura sthirtaa| pratyeka dravya meM ye tInoM prakriyAyeM pratikSaNa hotI rahatI haiN| dravya, guNa aura paryAya (avasthA) se yukta hotA hai| usameM jo guNa hote haiM ve to dhruva arthAt sthAyI hote haiM aura paryAya utpatti aura vinAzazIla hotI hai| yadi svarNa ke eka AbhUSaNa hAra ko tur3avA kara kaMgana banavA liye jAyeM to svarNa kI hAra avasthA kA vinAza kaMgana paryAya kI utpatti aura svarNa guNa dhrauvya rahatA hai| jaina darzanAcAryoM ne isI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| zrI bhAgendu kRta mahAvIrASTaka stotra meM kahA gayA hai "yadIye caitanye mukura iva bhAvazcidacitaH, samaM bhAMti dhrauvya vyaya jani lsnto'ntrhitaa||" / arthAt "jinake kevalajJAna meM dhrauvya, vyaya aura utpatti sahita ananta cetana aura acetana padArtha darpaNa meM spaSTa pratibimbita hone ke samAna eka sAtha pratibhAsita hote haiN|" isa prakAra saMsAra ke samasta padArtha trayAtmaka (dhrauvya vyaya utpatti yukta) haiM, unheM utpAda vyaya dhrauvyAtmaka bhI kaha sakate haiM aura guNa paryAyAtmaka bhii| aura prakArAntara se yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki dravya nitya bhI hote hai aura anitya bhii| kavivara 'bhaiyA' ne dravya ke isa trayAtmaka rUpa ko kitanI sarala bhASA meM spaSTa kara diyA hai "yaha saMsAra anAdi ko, yahIM bhAta cala aay| upajai vinazai thira rahaiM, so saba vastu svbhaay||" ve SaTa dravya jinase sampUrNa sRSTi nirmita hai, anAdi aura ananta haiM, sabakA (145)

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apanA bhinna-bhinna svabhAva hotA hai, unakA svabhAva bhI anAdi kAla se jaisA hai ananta kAla taka vaisA hI rhegaa| sabhI dravyoM kA apane-apane guNa aura paryAya ke anusAra pariNamana hotA rahatA hai aura sRSTi svataH hI calatI rahatI hai| koI kisI dravya kA nirmAtA nahIM hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa bAta ko anAdi battIsikA meM bahuta hI spaSTa zabdoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai "chahoM su dravya anAdi ke, jagata mAhi jyvNt| ko kisa hI kartA nahIM, yoM bhAkhai bhgvNt|| apane guNa parajAya meM, barateM saba nirdhaar|| ko kAhU meTai nahIM, yaha anAdi vistaar||" jaina-darzana ke anusAra jina SaTa dravyoM ke astitvasvarUpa yaha sRSTi anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai, ve isa prakAra haiMjIva dravya __ isa jIva dravya kA pramukha lakSaNa hai cetanA, jisake kAraNa yaha anya pAMca dravyoM se nitAnta bhinna hai| isIliye prAyaH ise cetana nAma se hI pukArate haiN| kavivara bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI ise cetana dravya nAma diyA hai "SaSThama cetana dravya hai, darzana jJAna svbhaay|| paraNAmI parayoga soM, zuddha azuddha khaay|| '2 isI cetanatA ke kAraNa yahI dekhane sunane aura jAnane vAlA hai arthAt jJAnamaya hai| isakI dUsarI vizeSatA hai amuurttv| yaha sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa se pare hai, agocara hai| jisa zarIra ko, dhAraNa karatA hai usI ke anurUpa AkAra grahaNa kara letA hai, ata: svadeha parimANa hai| jIva svayaM hI karma karatA hai, svayaM hI unakA phala bhogatA hai, svayaM hI karmajAla ke baMdhana meM par3akara nAnA janma dhAraNa karatA hai kintu ananta zaktivAna hai| apane puruSArtha ke bala para una karmabaMdhanoM ko kATakara mukta arthAt siddha avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai ataH usameM paramAtmapada prApta karane kI sampUrNa zakti vidyamAna rahatI hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki saMsArI jIva ajJAna ke kAraNa apanI isa zaktimattA se anabhijJa rahatA hai| vaha deha se mukta hote hI Upara kI ora gamana karatA hai ataH UrdhvagAmI hai| dravya saMgraha meM nemicanda AcArya ne jIva kI yahI vizeSatAe~ batAI haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne bhI siddha bhakti meM eka zloka meM AtmA kI ina saba vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jisakA rUpAntara paMDita jugala kizora mukhtAra ke zabdoM meM isa prakAra hai (146)

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"astu: anAdi baddha AtmA hai, svakRta-karmaphala kA bhogI, karmabandhaphala bhoga nAza se, hotA mukti ramA yogii| jJAtA dRSTA nijatanu parimita, saMkocetara-dharmA haiM, svaguNa yukta rahatA hai haradama, dhrauvyotpatti vyayAtmA hai||"3 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI jIva ke lakSaNoM kA varNana karate hue kahate haiM"jIva hai sujJAna mayI cetanA svabhAva dhrai,| jAnibo aura dekhibo anAdinidhi pAsa hai| amUrtika sadA rahai aura so na rUpa gahai, nizcai nai pravAna jAke Atama vilAsa hai| vyohAranaya kartA hai deha ke pramAna mAna, ___ bhoktA sukha dukhani ko jaga meM nivAsa hai| zuddha nai viloke siddha karama kaMlaka binA, Urddha ko svabhAva jAko loka agravAsa hai|" isa jIvAtmA ko do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai, saMsArI aura siddh| siddha, jo saMsAra ke baMdhana se mukta ho cuke haiM, zeSa saba saMsArI haiN| samasta saMsArI jIva cAra gatiyoM meM vibhAjita haiM naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devgti| inameM se manuSya gati sarvottama mAnI gaI hai kyoMki jIva isa gati se hI mokSa kI prApti kara sakatA hai aura yaha manuSya gati jIva ko bar3I kaThinAI se bahuta se puNya karmoM ke phalasvarUpa prApta hotI hai| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI aneka bAra isa tathya kI ora saMketa kiyA hai kAla anAdi taiM phirata phirata jiya aba yaha narabhava uttama paayo| samujhi samujhi paMDita nara prAnI tere kara cintAmaNi aayo| jaina darzana ke anusAra saMsAravartI ananta jIvoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai sthAvara aura trs| sthAvara ekendriya jIva hote haiM jo pAMca prakAra ke hote haiM, pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika aura vnsptikaayik| inake kevala sparza indriya hI hotI hai| trasa meM dvi-indriya se lekara paMcendriya taka sabhI prakAra ke jIva A jAte haiN| sthAvara ke pAMca aura trasa bhedoM ko milAkara hI SaTakAya jIva mAne gaye haiN| pudgala dravya yaha dravya acetana (jar3a) hai| isakA pramukha lakSaNa hai muurtttv| pudgala (147)

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hI rUpavAn tatva hai zeSa pAMcoM dravya arUpI amUrtika haiM ataH yaha rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, varNa Adi se yukta hai / samasta dRzyamAna jagat isa 'pudgala' dravya kA hI vistAra hai| yaha indriyagrAhya hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI pudgala dravya ke ye hI lakSaNa batAte haiM " varNa paMca sveta pIta harita aruNa syAma, tinahu ke bheda nAnA bhA~ti ke vidIta hai| rasa tIkho khAro madhuro kaDuo kaSAyalo, inahUM ke mile bheda gaNatI atIta hai| tAto sIro cIkano rUkho narama kaThora, harUvo bhArI sugaMdha durgaMdha mayI rIta hai / nUrati supudgala kI jIva hai amUratIka, naivyohAra mUratIka baMdha tai kahI hai| 6 arthAt pudgala pAMca varNa, pAMca rasa, ATha sparza tathA do prakAra kI gaMdha se yukta hai| yadyapi pudgala dravya acetana hai tathApi usameM apUrva zakti hotI hai| paudgalika padArthoM ke AkarSaNa meM par3akara hI jIva apane vAstavika svarUpa ko bhUlA rahatA hai aura saMsAra sAgara meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| vaha jIva ke ananta jJAna darzana Adi guNoM para AvaraNa DAlakara Dhaka detA hai jisase jIva svayaM ko pudgala rUpa hI samajhane lagatA hai| vaha apane ko zarIra se bhinna nahIM mAnatA, zarIra ko hI 'maiM' kahatA hai aura usakI kriyAoM ko hI apanI kriyAeM mAnatA hai| usake kaSTa meM apane ko dukhI tathA usake sukha meM apane ko sukhI mAnatA hai| jIva ke pudgala ke prati isa ghaniSTha prema ko kavivara 'bhaiyA' ne eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se atyaMta manamohaka DhaMga se varNita kiyA hai| cetana (jIva ) kI rAnI sumati use saceta karate hue kahatI haiM 44 'Atama ke vaMza ko na aMza kahu sunyo kIje, puggala ke vaMza setI lAga lahalahe ho || puggala ke hAre hAra, puggala ke jIte jIta, puggala kI prIti saMga kaise bahabahe ho / / lAgata ho dhAya dhAya, lAge na upAya kachu, suno cidAnanda rAya kauna paMtha gahe ho|| 7 (148)

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yaha jIva apane Atma svabhAva ko to bhUlA huA hai aura para dravyoM kI prIti meM hI magna ho rahA hai yahI to saMsAra baMdha kA kAraNa hai| kavi ne jIva aura pudgala ina donoM kI bhinnatA kA bAra-bAra ullekha kiyA hai "cetanacinha jJAna guNa rAjata, pudgala ke varaNAdika ruup|| cetana AparU Ana vilokata, puggala chAMha dharai arU dhuup|| cetana kai thiratA guNa rAjata, puggala ke jar3atA ju anuup|| cetana zuddha sidhAlaya rAjata, dhyAvata hai zivagAmI bhuup||"8 isIlie to kavi ne jIva ko sthAna-sthAna para pudgala se prema na karake AtmasvarUpa ko samajhane kA saMdeza diyA hai "yAhI deha devala meM kevali svarUpa deva, tAkI kara seva mana kahA~ daur3e jAta hai||" aura jaba jIva ko Atma svarUpa kI samyak pratIti ho jAtI hai tabhI moha aura ajJAna kI tamisrA chaMTa jAtI hai, rAga aura dveSa ke baMdhana zithila hone lagate haiM aura jIva zanaiH zanaiH paramAtmapada kI prApti ke patha para bar3hane lagatA hai| isa prakAra pudgala dravya jIvaM dravya ko moha aura ajJAna meM rakhakara usakA atyadhika ahita karatA hai| dharma dravya dharma dravya se tAtparya kisI zabha karma se nahIM hai| yaha jaina dharma kA pAribhASika zabda hai| yaha eka acetana aura amUrtika dravya hai, jo jIva aura pudgala dravya gatizIla hote haiM unako gatizIlatA meM sahAyatA karatA hai jaise jala mIna ko calane meM sahAyatA detA hai| yaha tatva lokAkAza ke kaNa-kaNa meM vyApta hai| aba vaijJAnika bhI isa dravya kI sattA ko svIkAra karane lage haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa dravya kI sattA ko svIkAra kara usakI inhIM vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai"jaba jIva pudgala calai uThi lokamadhya, tabai dharmAstikAya sahAya Aya hota hai| jaise maccha pAnI mAhiM Apuhi tai gauna kare, nIra ko sahAya setI alasatA khota hai|'' adharma dravya adharma dravya dharma ke viparIta, Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgala padArthoM ko (149)

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sthita hone meM sahAyatA karatA hai| yaha bhI eka amUrtika aura acetana dravya hai jo samasta lokAkAza meM vyApta hai| isakI sthiti vaisI hI hai jaise pathika ke liye chaayaa| yaha nyUTana ke gurutvAkarSaNa ke siddhAnta ke lagabhaga samAna hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa adharma dravya ke isI guNa kA ullekha kiyA hai" cautho dravya adharma hai, jaba thira tabahiM sahAya / / deya jIva pudgalana ko, loka hadda loM bhAya / / AkAza dravya 10 AkAza dravya kA lakSaNa hai sthAna denaa| AkAza vahI hai jo sabhI dravyoM ko avakAza detA hai| yaha bhI acetana amUrtika aura sarvavyApI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra isake do bheda ho jAte haiM- lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / lokAkAza sarvavyApI AkAza ke madhya meM hai, isI meM chahoM dravya vidyamAna haiM, isake atirikta zeSa AkAza zUnya hai ananta hai zuddha AkAza hai ise hI alokAkAza kahate haiM, kisI anya padArtha kI vahA~ pahu~ca nahIM hai| AkAza ke viSaya meM kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kahate haiM " jIva Adi paMca padArthani ko sadA hI yaha, deta avakAza tAtaiM AkAza nAma pAyo hai| tAke bheda doya kahe, eka hai alokAkAza, dUjo lokAkAza jina graMthani meM gAyo hai| ''11 kAla dravya jo vastu mAtra ke parivartana karAne meM sahAyaka hai use kAla dravya kahate haiN| kAla dravya ke nimitta se hI anya dravyoM meM samaya-samaya meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| binA kAla dravya ke parivartana asambhava hai yaha bhI acetana, amUrta hai aura lokAkAza meM vyApta hai| dina, varSa, bhUta vartamAna bhaviSya saba isI ke paryAya haiN| kavivara 'bhaiyA' ne kAla ke anya dravyoM ke parivartana meM sahAyaka hone ke isI svabhAva kI ora saMketa kiyA hai 44 'joI sarva dravya ko pravarttAvana samaratha, sAI kAladravya bahubheda bhAva rAjaI || nija nija parajAya viSai pariNavai yaha, ?? kAla kI sahAya pAya karai nija kAjaI / / isa prakAra ina chaH dravyoM se sampUrNa sRSTi nirmita hai| aba prazna uThatA (150)

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hai ki isa sRSTi kA nirmAtA kauna hai ? jaina darzana sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM kisI bhI yuga puruSa kI kalpanA nahIM karatA, yaha sRSTi anAdi hai, anidhana hai, vastu ke guNa aura paryAya bhI anAdi haiN| vastu ke svabhAva ke anusAra, jisa prakAra Aja anekoM parivartana ho rahe haiM, usI bhA~ti sadaiva se hote Aye haiM aura hote rheNge| saMsAra meM vastu se, usake svabhAvAnusAra vastu kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai| sAgara kA jala vASpa banakara AkAza meM megha khaMDa banatA hai phira jalavRSTi ke rUpa meM dharA para A jAtA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu asti se nAsti rUpa kabhI nahIM hotI aura nahIM nAsti se asti rUpa hotI hai kevala apanI paryAya badalatI hai| isa prakAra saMsAra meM na to eka paramANu kama hotA hai na adhika / pratyeka vastu apane-apane svabhAvAnusAra kArya karatI haiM aura sRSTi kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne anAdi battIsikA meM isa viSaya para vistAra se vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM "sUracaMda nizadina phirai, tArAgaNa bahu saMga / / yahI anAdi svabhAva hai, chinna ika hoya na bhaMga / / " X X X X X " ko bovata vana vRkSa ko, ko sIMcata nita jaay| phala phUlani kara lahalaha, yaha anAdi svabhAya // / ' 12 isI prakAra se apane-apane svabhAva ke anusAra samaya para sRSTi kA pratyeka padArtha apanA-apanA kArya karatA rahatA hai, vasaMta ke Agamana kI sUcanA milate hI vanaspati phUla uThatI hai, varSA Rtu meM svataH hI jalavRSTi hone lagatI hai| jala svataH hI nIce kI ora bahatA hai, agni kI zikhA Upara hI uThanA cAhatI hai, mIna ke navajAta ko tairanA kauna sikhAtA hai ? pakSI svata: AkAza meM paMkha pasAranA sIkha jAte haiN| kavi Age kahate haiM- sarpa ke zarIra meM viSa athavA siMha zAvakoM meM zaurya kauna bhara detA hai "kauna sAMpa ke vadana meM, viSa upajAvata vIra / yaha anAdi svabhAva haiM, dekho guNa gambhIra || kaho siMha ke bAlako, sUrapano kaba hota / koTi gajana ke puMja ko mAra bhagAvai pota / / " , pratyeka vastu ke anAditva kI ghoSaNA karate hue kavi kahate haiM " pRthivI pAnI pauna, puna agni anna aakaas| hai anAdi ihi jagata meM, sarva dravya ko vAsa / (151)

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apane-apane sahaja saba, upajata vinasata vst| hai anAdi ko jagata yaha, ihi parakAra smst||" - isI prakAra cetana aura pudgala ke saMyoga se yaha prANI varga kI sRSTi cala rahI hai "cetana aru pudgala mile, upaje kaI vikaar| tAso vina samujhe kahaiM, racyo kinahiM sNsaar||13 isa prakAra dravyoM ke apane-apane svabhAvAnusAra kAryarata rahane se hI sampUrNa sRSTi sucArU rUpa se cala rahI hai, koI isa sRSTi kA nirmAtA nahIM, koI prabaMdhaka nahIM, koI pAlaka nahIM, jIva bhrama ke vazIbhUta hokara hI sRSTi ko kisI anya ke dvArA sRjita mAnatA hai "ko kAhU kartA nahIM karatA bhugatA aap| yahai jIva ajJAna meM karai puNya arU paap||" lokaracanA jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha saMsAra SaTa dravyoM se nirmita hai| ye SaTa dravya isa prakAra haiM- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kaal| inameM AkAza vaha dravya hai jo sabhI dravyoM ko avakAza (sthAna) detA hai| kuMdakuMdAcArya tathA AcArya umAsvAti ne AkAza kA yahI lakSaNa batAyA hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra usakA guNa hai-jIvAdi anya saba dravyoM ko avakAza pradAna krnaa| yaha dravya jar3a, amUrtika, tathA sarvavyApI hai| jaina darzana meM AkAza ke do bheda mAne gaye haiM, eka lokAkAza aura dUsarA alokaakaash| "sarvavyApI alokAkAza ke madhya meM lokAkAza hai aura usake cAroM ora sarvavyApI alokAkAza hai| lokAkAza meM chahoM dravya pAye jAte haiM aura alokAkAza meM kevala AkAza dravya hI pAyA jAtA hai|"14 koSa ke anusAra AkAza ke jitane bhAga meM jIva pudgala Adi SaTa dravya dekhe jAyeM so loka hai| tatvArtha sUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne aisA hI batAyA hai| isa prakAra ananta AkAza ke madhya meM jitane bhAga meM SaTa dravyoM kI avasthiti hai utanA bhAga loka athavA lokAkAza, zeSa zuddha AkAza hai| dravya saMgraha kA anuvAda tathA bhAva vistAra karate hue bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI kahate haiM"jIva Adi paMca pardAthani ko sadA hI yaha, deta avakAza tAtai AkAza nAma pAyo hai| (152)

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14 rAj Urdhva loka adholoka paMca anuttara nava anudiza nava graiveyaka AraNa Anata satAra zukra lAMtava brahma siddhazilA madhyaloka sanatakumAra saudharma jyotiSa loka citrA pRthvI lokAkAza -1 rAjU trasanAlI mahAzukra * kApiSTha vAta valaya 7 rAjU paMka prabhA - IzAna dhUma prabhA tama prabhA 7 rAjU - (153) acyuta prANata sahasrAra mahAtama prabhA * brahmottara mAhendra ratnaprabhA zarkarA prabhA bAlukA prabhA 7 rAjU

Page #176
tAke bheda doya kahe hai alokAkAza, dUjo lokAkAza jina graMthani meM gAyo hai| jaise kahUM ghara hoya tAmeM saba basai loya, tAtaiM paMca dravyahU ko sadana batAyo hai / / yAhI meM savai rahai pai nija nija sattA gahai, yAtaiM pareM aura so aloka hI kahAyo hai || jitane AkAzamAhiM rahai ye daraba paMca, titane AkAzako ju lokAkAza kahiye / dharmadravya adharmadravya kAladravya pudgala dravya, jIva dravya eI pAMcoM jahA~ lahiye / / ina adhika kachu aura jo virAja rahyo, nAma so alokAkAza aiso saradahiye / dekhyo jJAnavaMtana anaMta jJAna cakSu kari, guNaparajAya so subhAva zuddha gahiye / / " isa prakAra lokAkAza aura alokAkAza donoM hI akRtrima, anAdi aura ananta haiN| alokAkAza asIma hai aura lokAkAza sImita / ananta alokAkAza kI tulanA meM loka nA ke barAbara hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra loka sambaMdhI ye mAnyatAeM jJAnI yogiyoM kI sUkSma dRSTi kA pariNAma hai| loka kA AkAra loka nAma se prasiddha AkAza kA yaha khaMDa manuSyAkAra hai| paMDita kailAza candra zAstrI ke anusAra, "kaTi ke donoM bhAgoM para donoM hAtha rakhakara aura donoM pairoM ko phailAkara khar3e hue purUSa ke samAna loka kA AkAra hai| nIce ke bhAga meM sAta naraka haiN| nAbhi deza meM manuSya loka hai aura Upara ke bhAga meM svarga loka hai tathA mastaka pradeza meM mokSasthAna hai / " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa viSaya para eka pRthaka aura viziSTa kRti kI racanA kI hai- "lokAkAza kSetra parimANa kthn'| usI kRti meM unhoMne bhI loka ko puruSAkAra batAyA hai " puruSAkAra kahayo saba loka / tAke pareM su aura aloka / / ' isa prakAra loka ke tIna bhAga haiM-- Urdhva loka, madhya loka, adholoka / jainendra siddhAnta koza ke anusAra " adholoka kA AkAra svabhAva se vetrAsana ke (154)

Page #177
sadRza hai, aura madhyaloka kA AkAra khar3e kiye hue Adhe mRdaMga ke Urdhva bhAga ke samAna hai| Urdhva loka kA AkAra khar3e kiye hue mRdaMga ke sdsh| sampUrNa loka kI UMcAI 14 rAjU (dekhiye pariziSTa) hai| ardhamRdaMga kI UMcAI sampUrNa mRdaMga kI UMcAI ke sadRza haiN| arthAt ardhamRdaMga sadRza adholoka jaise sAta rAjU UMcA hai, usI prakAra pUrNa mRdaMga ke sadRza Urdhvaloka bhI sAta rAjU UMcA hai| krama se adholoka kI UMcAI sAta rAjU, madhyaloka kI UMcAI eka lAkha (1,00,000) yojana aura UrjAleka kI UMcAI eka lAkha yojana kama sAta rAjU hai| cAroM ora se dekhane para loka kI UMcAI caudaha rAjU, moTAI (uttara aura dakSiNa dizA meM) sarvatra sAta rAjU, aura caur3AI (pUrva aura pazcima dizA meM) mUla meM sAta rAjU, sAta rAjU kI UMcAI para eka rAjU sAr3he daza rAjU kI UMcAI para pAMca rAjU aura anta meM (caudaha rAjU kI UMcAI para) eka rAjU hai| gaNita karane se loka kA kSetraphala 343 ghana rAjU hotA hai|15 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI loka kA kSetraphala isI prakAra batAyA hai "ghanAkAra saba kahiye bkhaan| trayazata arU tetAlisa maan||"16 yaha samasta loka tIna prakAra ke vAtavalaya (pavana) se veSTita hai| isa loka ke bilkula madhya meM Upara se nIce taka eka rAjU pramANa vistArayukta (eka rAjU caur3I, eka rAjU lambI) caudaha rAjU UMcI trasanAlI (vasanAr3I) hai| kevala isa trasanAlI meM hI trasa jIva (dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya taka) hote haiM isase bAhara nhiiN| sthAvara jIva isake bhItara bAhara sarvatra rahate haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI lokAkAza ke madhya trasanAlI kI isI prakAra sthiti batAI hai "ihi madhi trasanAr3I ika jAnA tAke bheda kahUM ura aan|| cavadaha rAjU kahI utNg| rAjU ika polI srvNg|| tAmahiM trasa thAvara ko thaan| yAkai pareM su thAvara maan||" yaha bhI tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai adholoka, madhyaloka va uurdhvlok| mUla se sAta rAjU kI UMcAI taka adholoka hai, isake pazcAta eka lAkha yojana kI UMcAI taka (sumerU parvata kI UMcAI ke barAbara) madhyaloka tathA tatpazcAt caudaha rAjU taka Urdhvaloka hai| adholoka merUtala ke nIce (madhyaloka ke nIce) kA loka kA zeSa kSetra agholoka hai, jo ardha mRdaMga athavA vetrAsana ke AkAra vAlA hai| vaha sAta (155)

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rAjU UMcA, sAta rAjU moTA hai| nIce sAta rAjU caur3A va Upara eka rAjU pramANa caur3A hai| usameM Upara se lekara nIce taka kramavAra ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, bAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaprabhA va mahAtamaprabhA nAma kI sAta pRthviyAM haiM jo lagabhaga eka eka rAjU ke antarAla se sthita haiN| isa eka eka rAjU meM kucha pRthvI kI moTAI aura kucha vAtavalaya tathA AkAza sammilita haiN| sAtavIM pRthvI ke nIce eka rAjU pramANa kSetra khAlI hai, jo kevala nigoda jIvoM se bharA huA hai| ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke tIna bhAga haiM, kharabhAga, paMkabhAga aura abbahula bhaag| prathama do bhAgoM meM bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtara deva, tIsare bhAga abbahula tathA zeSa chaH pRthviyoM meM nArakI jIva nivAsa karate haiN| pApa ke udaya se jIva naraka gati meM utpanna hotA hai tathA tAr3ana mAraNa, chedana bhedana Adi nAnA prakAra ke bhayAnaka dukhoM ko bhogatA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne ina pRthviyoM ke kSetraphala kA pRthaka-pRthaka saMketa kiyA haiM "pahilI ratana prabhA te jaan| dazarAjU tiha kahI bkhaan|| dUjI zolaha rAjU khii| tIjI naraka bIsa hai lhii|| cauthI naraka aThAisa raajuu| tiha nikarayo jiya sAre kaaju|| paMcami naraka rAjU cautiish| chaTaTI cAlisa kahI jgdiish|| naraka sAtavIM kI mrjaad| kahI chiyAlisa kathana anaad||" arthAt prathama pRthvI ratnaprabhA kA kSetraphala daza ghana rAjU, dUsarI kA solaha ghana rAjU, tIsarI kA bAIsa ghana rAjU, cauthI pRthvI kA aTThAIsa ghana rAjU, pAMcavI kA cautIsa ghana rAjU, SaSTha pRthvI kA cAlIsa ghana rAjU tathA saptama pRthvI kA chiyAlisa ghana rAjU hai| isa saba kA yoga eka sauM chiyAnaveM AtA hai| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI pUre adholoka, jisameM sAtoM naraka haiM kA kSetraphala eka sau chiyAnaveM hI batAyA hai "sAta naraka kI ginatI jaan| zataika aura chayAnaveM maan||" tiloyapaNatti meM isa tathya ko gaNita ke dvArA siddha kiyA gayA hai| loka (343) se cAra gune ko sAta kA bhAga dene para adholoka kA ghanaphala nikala AtA hai 343 x 4 7 = 196. ina pRthviyoM meM 49 paTala haiM jinameM atyaMta vizAla kUpavata bila hote haiM jinameM nArakI jIva nivAsa karate haiN| (156)

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madhya loka adholoka ke Upara eka rAjU lambA eka rAjU caur3A aura eka lAkha yojana UMcA madhyaloka hai| isameM sabase nIce citrA pRthvI hai isakI moTAI eka hajAra yojana hai, isI loka meM merU parvata hai jisakI jar3a eka hajAra yojana citrA pRthvI ke bhItara hai / samasta madhyaloka tiryak loka hai| isameM asaMkhyAta dvIpa evaM sAgara haiM jo valayAkAra eka dUsare ko veSTita kiye hue haiN| saba dvIpa citrA pRthvI ke Upara haiM aura saba samudra citrA pRthvI ko khaMDita kara vajrA pRthvI ke Upara sthita hai| sabake madhya meM golAkAra jambU dvIpa hai jisakA vyAsa eka lAkha yojana hai aura isa jambUdvIpa ko khAI kI bhA~ti ghere hue lavaNa sAgara hai jisakI caur3AI 2 lAkha yojana hai| isako cAroM ora se ghere hue dhAtakI khaMDa hai jisakI caur3AI sarvatra cAra lAkha yojana hai phira isI prakAra kAlodadhi sAgara hai jo ATha lAkha yojana caur3A hai kAlodadhi sAgara ko cAroM ora se ghere hue solaha lAkha yojana caur3A puSkara dvIpa hai| tatpazcAta puSkara sAgara 32 lAkha yojana caur3A hai aura isI prakAra asaMkhya dvIpa aura sAgara eka dUsare se dviguNita vistAra ko liye paraspara eka dUsare ko ghere hue haiN| tatvArtha meM yahI kahA gayA hai sUtra "jambU dvIpa lavaNo dAdayaH zubhanAmAno dvIpa samudrA / / dvidviviSkaMbhAH pUrvapUrva parikSeSiNA valayAkRtamaH / / ''17 dvIpa aura sAgara ke isa krama meM antima sAgara hai svayaMbhUramaNa sAgara, jo eka rAjU caur3A hai| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI aisA hI kahA hai 44 'sAgara svayaMbhuramaNahiM jAye / siMha bAnahi rAjU ika hoya / / ' isa madhya loka meM puSkara dvIpa ke madhya meM mAnuSottara parvata hai| jambU dvIpa, dhAtakI dvIpa tathA mAnuSottara parvata taka AdhA puSkara dvIpa, ar3hAI dvIpa kahalAte haiM inameM hI manuSya rahate haiM isake pazcAt nhiiN| isa prakAra se ar3hAI dvIpa va inake madhya do sAgara kA kSetra 45,00,000 yojana hai| citrA pRthvI kI 1000 yojana kI moTAI chor3akara usake Upara 99 hajAra yojana kI UMcAI tathA ar3hAI dvIpa pramANa 45,00,000 ( paiMtAlIsa lAkha) yojana yukta manuSya loka hai| jambU dvIpa ke madhya meM dasa sahasa yojana caur3A golAkAra sumerU parvata hai, isakI eka sahasra yojana bhUmi meM jar3a hai aura ninyAnaveM sahasra bhUmi ke Upara UMcAI hai| Upara se eka sahasra yojana caur3A hai| (157)

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jaina darzana ke anusAra sUrya, candra tathA tAre saba jyotiSka deva haiM jo madhyaloka meM hI vidyamAna haiN| citrA pRthvI se 790 yojana Upara tAre vidyamAna haiM, unase dasa yojana Upara sUrya tathA sUrya se 80 yojana Upara candramA tatpazcAt anya nakSatra evaM graha avasthita haiM jo nizcita dUrI para sumerU parvata kI pradakSiNA karate haiN| Urdhvaloka merU parvata zikhara se eka bAla mAtra ke antara se Urdhvaloka prArambha hokara lokazikhara paryanta eka lAkha yojana kama sAta rAjU UMcA hai| isake do bhAga haiM eka kalpa dUsarA klpaatiit| indra Adi dasa kalpanAoM se yukta deva kalpavAsI kahalAte haiM aura ina kalpanAoM se rahita deva kalpAtIta vAsI ahamindra kahalAte haiN| kalpa meM 16 svarga haiN| 1 saudharma, 2 IzAna, 3 sanatkumAra, 4 mAhendra, 5 brahma, 6 brahmottara, 7 lAMtava, 8 kApiSTha, 9 zukra, 10 mahAzukra, 11 satAra, 12 sahasrAra, 13 Anata, 14 prANata, 15 AraNa, 16 acyut| ina solaha svargoM ke Upara kalpAtIta meM tIna adhograiveyaka, tIna madhyama graiveyaka tathA tIna uparima graiveyaka, isa prakAra nava graiveyaka haiN| ina nava graiveyaka ke Upara nava anudiza vimAna aura paMca anuttara vimAna haiN| solaha svargoM meM se do do svargoM meM saMyukta rAjya hai| merU tala se lagAkara Der3ha rAjU kI UMcAI para saudharma yugala kI samApti hai, isakA kSetraphala bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke anusAra sAr3he unnIsa rAjU hai| "aba sudharma IzAna vimaan| tiryak loka yAhi mhijaan|| merU cUlikA leM gana lhii| rAjU sAr3he unaisa khii||" usake Upara Der3ha rAjU meM sanatkumAra-mAhendra yugala hai isakA kSetraphala bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke anusAra sAr3he saiMtIsa ghana rAjU haiM "sanatkumAra mahendra sudiis| ina duhu ke sAr3he saiNtiis||" isake Upara Adhe-Adhe rAjU meM arthAt kevala tIna rAjU meM chaH yugala haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke anusAra sabase Upara vAle svarga-yugala kA kSetraphala sAr3he ATha ghana rAjU, dUsare yugala kA sAr3he dasa ghana rAjU, tIsare yugala kA sAr3he bAraha ghana rAjU, cauthe yugala kA sAr3he solaha ghana rAjU, paMcama tathA SaSTha meM sAr3he solaha, sAr3he solaha ghana rAjU haiM isa prakAra chaH rAjU meM solaha svargoM meM ATha yugala haiN| tatpazcAt kalpAtIta meM nava-graiveyaka hai jinameM ahamindra rahate haiN| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke anusAra yahA~ kA kSetraphala gyAraha ghana rAjU hai| ina sabakA (158)

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yoga karane kA Urdhvaloka kA kSetraphala eka sau saiMtAlisa ghana rAjU AtA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI Urdhvaloka kA kSetraphala eka sau saiMtAlisa ghana rAjU hI mAnA hai "saba ginatI Upara kI diis| rAjU ika sau saiNtaalis||" tiloyapaNNatti meM yahI tathya gaNita dvArA siddha kiyA gayA hai| loka ko 3 se guNA karake tatpazcAta 7 kA bhAga dekara jo labdha Ave ve Urdhva loka kA ghanaphala hai 343 x 3 7 = 14718 Urdhvaloka ke 16 svarga navagraiveyaka meM 63 paTala haiM madhya meM yaha saba svargaloka hai tathA isameM vaimAnika athavA vimAnavAsI deva rahate haiN| Urdhvalola ke eka sau saiMtAlisa ghana rAjU tathA adholoka ke eka sau chiyAnaveM ghana rAjU ke yoga se kula lokAkAza kA kSetraphala A jAtA hai tIna sau taiMtAlisa ghana raajuu| mokSa kSetra athavA siddha loka sarvArthasiddhi indraka vimAna se bAraha yojana mAtra Upara AThavI pRthvI sthita haiM ISatprAgbhAra, isakI moTAI madhya meM ATha yojana, donoM ora kramazaH ghaTate-ghaTate aMta meM eka aMgula mAtra hai| yaha kSetra uttAna dhavala chatra ke sadRza hai| isakI paridhi manuSya kSetra ke samAna paiMtAlisa lAkha yojana hai| yahI siddha zilA hai, yahI siddha kSetra hai| saMsAra se mukta hokara jIva yahIM anantAnaMta kAla ke liye nivAsa karatA hai| isaliye yahI mokSasthAna hai| siddha kA artha 'prApti' hotA hai ataH 'mokSa' aura 'siddhi' viparIta bhAva ke bodhaka pratIta hote haiM, kintu aisA hai nhiiN| "AtmA ke guNoM ko kaluSita karane vAle doSoM ko dUra karake zuddha AtmA kI prApti ko 'siddhi' kahate haiN|''19aatmsvruup kI siddhi se hI jIva janma jarA mRtyu ke baMdhanoM se mukti pAtA hai ata: siddhi aura mukti eka hI bhAva ke dyotaka haiN| jaina darzana meM mokSa sthAna kI mAnyatA bhI anya darzanoM se nirAlI hai| puruSAkAra loka ke nAbhideza meM manuSya loka haiM, adhobhAga meM sAta naraka haiM, Urdhvaloka meM svarga hai tathA mastaka pradeza meM mokSa sthAna hai| karma baMdhana se mukta hote hI jIva zarIra se nikalakara Upara kI ora jAtA hai kyoMki Urdhvagati gamana hI usakA svabhAva hai| lokAkAza ke agrabhAga meM hI sthita isaliye ho (159)

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jAtA haiM kyoMki vahIM taka dharma dravya gamana meM sahAyaka hotA hai| loka ke bAhara dharma dravya nahIM hai isaliye jIva bhI vahA~ nahIM jA sktaa| DaoN0 vAsudeva siMha kA yaha kathana '"lokAkAza SaDadravyoM se yukta hai, kintu alokAkAza meM kevala nirmala nirvikAra AtmA hI pahu~ca pAte haiM, 20 bhrAMtiyukta hai| mokSa prApti ke pazcAt AtmA kA kSaya nahIM hotA jaisA ki bauddhamata mAnatA hai aura na hI mukta jIva sarvaloka meM vyApta hotA hai varan lokAkAza ke agrabhAga meM sthita ho jAtA hai| jaina dharma meM maMgalasUcaka cihna 'svAstika' ke Upara arddhacandra isI siddha zilA kA pratIka hai| 21 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI jIva ke karma vimukta ho jAne ke pazcAt loka ke agrabhAga meM siddhAvasthA meM anantakAla taka nivAsa karane kI ora saMketa kiyA hai "lokako ju agra tahAM sthita hai ananta siddha, utpAda vyaya saMyukta sadA jAko vAsa hai| anantakAla paryanta thiti hai aDola jAkI, lokAloka pratibhAsI jJAna ko prakAza hai| nizcai sukha rAja karai bahuri na janma dharai, aiso siddha rAzani ko Atama vilAsa haiN| ' +122 isa viSaya ke sambaMdha meM gahanatA se adhyayana karane ke pazcAt niSkarSata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki loka aura aloka kI sthiti batAne ke pazcAt kavi kI dRSTi usake vibhinna kSetroM ke parimANa kathana para hI kendrita rahI hai, unakI vizeSatAoM kA vistAra se varNana nahIM kiyA hai| Izvaratva mImAMsA lagabhaga sabhI dharmoM meM Izvara ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai Izvara, allAha, gaoNDa, parama brahma, brahmA, viSNu Adi Izvara vAcaka zabda isa bAta ke pramANa haiN| prAyaH Izvara ko anAdi kAla se vidyamAna, sarvazaktimAna, sRSTikartA, saMsAra ke jIvoM ke bhAgyavidhAtA, unheM sAMsArika sukha evaM kaSToM ke pradAtA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu jaina dharma meM Izvara kA svarUpa isase bhinna hai| prAyaH anya dharma kisI eka anAdi zakti ke rUpa meM Izvara ko mAnate haiM, jinameM se avatAra vAda ke samarthaka usI paramazakti kA samaya samaya para bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM avatAra lenA svIkRta karate haiM kintu jaina (160)

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darzana kisI aisI anAdi siddha paramAtmA kI sattA ko asvIkAra karatA hai aura usake yahA~ Izvara eka nahIM aneka haiN| vastutaH 'jaina' zabda kI vyutpatti se hI Izvara kA svarUpa udghATita ho jAtA hai| 'jina' ke dvArA pravartita dharma hai, jaina dharma, aura 'jina' ve kahalAte haiM jinhoMne apane kAma, krodha Adi vikAroM para vijaya prApta karalI hai- jinhoMne apane karmarUpI zatruoM ko parAjita kara diyA hai| jaina dharma meM jinendra bhagavAna kA jayajayakAra kiyA jAtA hai| ye jinendra (bhagavAna) bhI koI IzvarIya avatAra nahIM haiM, na to yaha zabda kisI vyakti vizeSa kA vAcaka hai, varan jinendra vahI hai jisane apanI indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara lI ho| isa prakAra yahA~ apane vikAroM para vijaya prApta karate hue, karma mala ko naSTa karake, koI bhI AtmA parama zuddha hokara jIvana aura saMsAra ke baMdhana se mukta ho sakatA hai ye mukta jIva hI jaina dharma meM Izvara kahalAte haiN| isa prakAra jaina darzana kisI avatAra kI kalpanA na karake jIva ke puruSArtha ko mahatva detA hai / puruSArtha ke dvArA hI jIva, mukti kI yaha kaThina sAdhanA kara pAtA hai| rAga dveSa Adi mAnasika vikAroM ko kSaya karate-karate jaba yaha jIva cAra karmoM- jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya kA nAza kara detA hai to usakA ananta jJAna guNa prakaTa ho jAtA hai ve sarvajJa ho jAte haiM, ye hI kevala jJAnI kahalAte haiM, ataH sarvajJa kA hI dUsarA nAma kevalI bhI hai| ye apane karmarUpI zatruoM ko jIta kara hI isa avasthA taka pahu~cate haiM ataH ye hI arihaMta (ari + haMta) kahalAte haiM isa avasthA taka pahu~ca kara ve pUjanIya ho jAte haiM ataH arhat kahalAte haiN| isa avasthA meM pahu~cakara inameM se jo kevalI apanI hI mukti kA upAya karate rahate haiM ve sAmAnya kevalI kahalAte haiM aura jo saMsArI jIvoM ko mukti kA mArga batAte hue bhavasAgara se pAra utarane meM unake sahAyaka banate haiM ve tIrthaMkara kevalI kahalAte haiM aura jaba ye zeSa cAra aghAti karmoM- nAma, Ayu, gotra, vedanIya kA kSaya kara, jIvana mukta ho, zuddha AtmA rUpa meM lokAkAza ke agrabhAga meM jA virAjate haiM taba siddha kahalAte haiN| yahA~ arahaMta pada ko siddha kI apekSA adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai kyoMki isI avasthA meM ve saMsAra ke lokahita kA kArya sampanna karate haiM / isIliye jaina-dharmAvalambiyoM meM sarvAdhika lokapriya paMca parameSThI namaskAra maMtra meM siddha se pahale arahaMta kI vaMdanA kI gayI hai| aura isIliye caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko adhika mAnyatA dI gaI hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM Izvara eka nahIM aneka aura asaMkhya haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI hote raheMge tathA unako vibhinna nAmoM se (161)

Page #184
abhihita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya mAnatuMga ne "bhaktAmara stotra" meM jinendra bhagavAna ko buddha, zaMkara, dhAtA aura puruSottama kahA hai kintu buddha se tAtparya rAjA zuddhodana ke putra gautama buddha se nahIM hai, apitu ve jJAna kI garimA se yukta haiM isaliye buddha haiM, tInoM loka ke jIvoM ko sukha zAnti pradAna karate haiM isaliye zaMkara haiM, muktimArga ke Adi pravartaka haiM isaliye vidhAtA aura bahmA haiM, sampUrNa puruSoM meM uttama haiM ataH puruSottama haiN|23 vahA~ Izvaratva anAdi nahIM, athavA kisI kA prasanna hokara diyA huA varadAna nahIM, varan jIva ke athaka parizrama aura kaThina puruSArtha kA pariNAma hai| jaina darzana jIva ko ananta zakti aura ananta guNoM kA svAmI mAnatA hai| inameM se cAra ko mukhya mAnA gayA hai- ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha tathA ananta vIrya- inheM ananta catuSTaya kahate haiN| kintu jIva apane ina guNoM se tathA zakti se anabhijJa rahatA hai| rAgadveSa kI pariNati ke pariNAmasvarUpa anAdikAla se karma paramANu usase saMyukta haiM, unhoMne usake guNoM ko AvRta kara rakhA hai jisase jIva apane vAstavika svarUpa ko nahIM jAna pAtA, vaha yaha nahIM jAna pAtA ki siddha hone kI samasta zakti aura guNa mere bhItara hI vidyamAna hai| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa tathya kA bAra bAra ullekha kiyA hai, ve jIva ko saceta karate hue siddha caturdazI meM kahate haiM "khola dRga dekhi rUpa, ahoM avinAzI bhuup| siddha kI samAna saba, topaiM riddha khiyeN||" eka anya sthAna para ve jIva ko usakA vAstavika paricaya karAte hue kahate "ta hI vItarAga deva rAga dveSa TAri dekha, tU hI to kahAvai siddha aSTa karma nAma taiN|" jIva ke Upara ajJAna aura bhrama kA AvaraNa itanA ghaniSTha par3a jAtA hai ki vaha yaha bhI nahIM jAna pAtA ki vaha pudgala rUpa zarIra se bhinna hai| vaha apane ko zarIra rUpa hI samajhatA hai| prANI kI isI ajJAnAvasthA se yukta AtmA ko bahirAtmA mAnA hai, jaba jIva isa bheda ko jAna letA hai aura apane ko zarIra va karma-pudgaloM se mukta karane kA prayAsa karane lagatA hai taba vaha antarAtmA kahalAtA hai aura jaba vaha AtmA se saMyukta karma mala ko naSTa kara zuddha AtmasvarUpa raha jAtA hai taba vaha paramAtmA kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra paramAtmA athavA Izvara banane kI samasta zakti jIva meM antarnihita hai| kevala AvazyakatA (162)

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hai jIva kI isa bhramapUrNa avasthA ko tyAgane kii| kaviyoM ne ise prAyaH nidrA kahA hai aura jIva ko jagAne kA saMdeza diyA hai, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI kahate "cetana nIMda bar3I tuma lInI, aisI nIMda leya nahIM koy| kAla anAdi bhaye tohi sevata bina jAge samakita kyoM hoy||" kabhI kavi use moha aura ajJAna kI madirA pIkara madonmatta avasthA meM batAtA "piyo hai anAdi ko mahA ajJAna moha mada, tAhI teM sudhi yAhI aura paMtha liyo hai||" yahI kAraNa hai ki jIva tIna loka kA svAmI hone kI zakti rakhate huye bhI dIna-hIna sA anAtha dazA meM bhaTakatA phiratA hai "ve dina citAro jahA~ bIte haiM anAdi kAla, - kaise kaise saMkaTa sahehu visarata ho| tuma to sayAna pai sayAna yaha kauna kIno, tIna loka nAtha havai ke dIna so phirata ho|| jisa kSaNa jIva ko isa bAta kI pratIti ho jAtI hai ki "maiM hi siddha paramAtmA, maiM hI aatmraam|| maiM hI jJAtA jJeya ko, cetana mero naam|| maiM ananta sukha ko dhanI, sukhamaya mora svbhaay|| avinAzI Anandamaya, so ho tribhuvana raay|| 24 usI kSaNa se moha aura ajJAna kI nizA Dhalane lagatI hai, zarIra ko apane se bhinna pudgala dravya jAna kara, usase mohamamatA chUTane lagatI hai, karma baMdhana zithila par3ane lagate haiM aura jIva kaThina sAdhanA karate hue zanaiH zanaiH siddha pada prApti ke patha para agrasara hone lagatA hai| kavi ne isa pratIti mAtra ko cintAmaNi sadRza batAyA hai "jaba taiM apano jiu Apu lakhyoM, taba taiM ju miTI duvidhA mana kii| yoM sItala bhayo taba hI saba, chAMDa daI mamatA tana kii|| ciMtAmaNi jaba pragaTyo ghara meM, taba kauna ju cAhi karai dhana kii|| jo siddha meM Apu meM phera na jAnai so, kyoM paravAha karai jana kii|| 25 isa prakAra pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA banane kI zakti se yukta hai| apane karmoM (163)

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ke AvaraNa ko haTA kara vaha apane guNoM aura zakti ko vikasita karake siddha bana jAtA hai| jaina darzana kI dRSTi se siddha aura brahma meM koI antara nahIM hai| AcArya yogIndu ne zuddha AtmA ko brahma kahA hai| siddha kA bhI yahI svarUpa hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI siddha aura brahma kI ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai "jeI guNa siddha mAhiM teI guNa brahma mAhi, siddha brahma phera nAhiM nizcaya niradhAra ke| siddha ke samAna hai virAjamAna cidAnanda, tAhI ko nihAra nija rUpa mAna liijiye||" jahA~ taka amUrtatA, sarvazaktimattA, nirAkAratA, nirvikAratA kA prazna hai jaina samarthita siddha aura kabIra samarthita brahma meM koI antara nahIM hai kintu jaina darzana siddha ko sRSTikartA svIkAra nahIM karatA, aura na hI saMsAra ko usakI mAyA athavA pratibimba mAnatA hai| kabIra dvArA nirUpita AtmA, vizva bhara meM vyApta brahma kA eka aMza mAtra hai, kintu jaina darzana meM pratyeka AtmA kA nitAnta svatantra astitva hai, vaha kisI kA aMza nahIM hai aura siddha pada kI prApti ke pazcAt bhI svatantra astitva rakhatI hai jabaki vahA~ AtmA brahma kA aMza mAtra hone ke kAraNa Izvaratva prApti ke pazcAt brahma meM samA jAtI hai| bhaktikAla meM saguNa aura nirguNa bhakti dhArA meM jaisA pArasparika virodha dikhAI detA hai vaisA jaina sAhitya meM nahIM hai| jainoM ke arahaMta saguNa aura siddha nirguNa hai| AcArya yogIndu ne unheM kramazaH sakala aura niSkala saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai aura paramAtma prakAza kI saMskRta meM TIkA karate hue zrI brahmadeva ne 'niSkala' ko 'paMca vidhazarIra rahitaH' likhA hai| arahaMta hI avaziSTa cAra aghAti karmoM kA kSaya karake siddha avasthA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| ata: vahA~ virodha aura saMgharSa kA avakAza hI nahIM thA, ataH "hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne yadi eka ora siddha athavA niSkala ke gIta gAye to dUsarI ora arahaMta athavA sakala ke caraNoM meM bhI zraddhA puSpa cddh'aaye|"26 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI sakala aura niSkala donoM kI samAna rUpa se upAsanA kI hai| unakI caturviMzati jina stuti, tIrthaMkara jayamAlA, ahakSitipArzvanAthastuti, caturvizati jayamAlA Adi kucha racanAeM sakala bhakti kA udAharaNa haiM aura anAdibattIsikA, vairAgyapacIsikA, upAdAna nimitta saMvAda, Izvara nirNaya (164)

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pacIsI, kartA akartA pacIsI Adi anekAneka racanAeM niSkala bhakti kA pramANa haiN| jaina dharma Izvara ko jagata ke kartAdhartA, aura saMhAraka rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatA, vahA~ sArI sRSTi jIva aura ajIva ke anAdi tathA akRtrima saMyoga se svayaMsiddha hai| anAdi battIsikA meM kavi ne isa tathya para vistAra se apane vicAra vyakta kie hai "apane apane sahaja saba, upajata vinazata vst|| hai anAdi ko jagata yaha, ihi parakAra smst||" sRSTi kartRtva ke adhyAya meM isa viSaya kA savistAra vivecana kiyA jA cukA prAyaH mAnava sukha-dukha Adi ko Izvara kI dena kahA karate haiN| karmaphala meM vizvAsa karane vAle bhI isa prakAra kI dhAraNA rakhate haiM ki manuSya kRta karmoM kA lekhA-jokhA Izvara rakhatA hai aura tatpazcAt usake anusAra hI unheM daMDa athavA puraskAra svarUpa dukha-sukha pradAna karatA hai kintu jaina darzana Izvara meM kartRtva nahIM mAnatA, unakA Izvara to zuddha nirvikAra hai, vaha kisI ko na sukha detA hai na dukh| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki jIva Izvara kI AjJA athavA preraNA se hI kArya karatA hai taba vAstavika kartA to Izvara hI huA, phira to bhoktA bhI use hI honA caahiye| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kartA akartA pacIsI meM isI tathya ko prakAzita karate hue kahate haiM "jo Izvara karatA kahaiM, bhuktA kahiye kaun| ___ jo karatA so bhogatA, yAhai nyAya ko maun||" yadi Izvara svayaM hI jIvoM se acche bure kArya karAtA hai aura phira unakA daMDa yA puraskAra jIva ko detA hai taba to usase adhika rAgI aura dveSI jIva kauna hogaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kartA akartA pacIsI meM kahate haiM 'jo karatA jagadIza hai, puNya pApa kiMha hoy| sukha dukha kAko dIjiye, nyAya karahu budha loy|| narakana meM jiya DAriye, pakara pakara ke baaNh| jo Izvara karatA kaho, tinako kahA gunaahai||" vibhinna tarkoM kI kasauTI para kasakara kavi niSkarSa yahI detA hai ki Izvara to nitAnta nirdoSa, satcit Anandamaya hai, vaha na kartA hai na bhoktA hai, (165)

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jIva apane apane svabhAvAnusAra kArya karatA hai tathA usakA phala bhogatA hai" Izvara to nirdoSa hai, kartA bhuktA nAhiM / Izvara ko kartA kahaiM, te mUrkha jaga mAhiM || Izvara nirmala mukuravata, tIna loka AbhAsa / sukha sattA caitanyamaya, nizcaya jJAna vilAsa / / X X X X apane apane sahaja ke, kartA hai saba darva / dharma ko mUla hai, samajha lehu jina sarva / / " jaina dharma avatAravAda ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jo jIvana mukta ho cukA vaha punaH janma kyoM dhAraNa karegA aura yadi deha dhAraNa karatA hai to Izvara kyoMkara hogaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa nirNaya pacIsI meM yahI bhAva prakaTa karate haiM"Izvara ke to deha nahiM, avinAzI avikAra / tAhi kahai zaTha deha dhara, lInhoM jaga avatAra / jo Izvara avatAra le, marai bahura puna soya | janma marana jo dharatu hai, so Izvara kima hoya / / " kavi ne vaiSNava dharma ke bahudevavAda para bhI AkSepa kiyA hai " Izvara sauM Izvara laraiM, Izvara eka ki doya / / parazurAma aru rAma ko, dekhahu kina jaga loya / / raudra dhyAna varte jahA~ tahA~ dharma kima hoya || parama baMdha nirdaya dazA, Izvara kahiye soya / / " eka prazna uThatA hai- jaina dharma jaba Izvara meM kartRtva nahIM mAnatA, use vItarAga aura nirvikAra mAnatA hai, vaha na kucha grahaNa karatA hai na pradAna karatA hai taba vahA~ Izvara kI bhakti ke liye avakAza kahA~ hai? yaha zaMkA svAbhAvika hai / yaha ThIka hai jaina darzana ke anusAra Izvara na sukha pradAtA hai na dukha hartA hai kintu phira bhI vahA~ Izvara bhakti kI jAtI hai kyoMki AtmA hI karmamala Adi se rahita hokara paramAtmA bana jAtI hai ataH jaina bhakta Izvara kI upAsanA isaliye karatA hai ki unake parama vizuddha, vItarAgI rUpa kA dhyAna karate karate use apane vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna ho jAye aura unakI hI bhA~ti kaThina sAdhanA kara usI pada kI prApti kI preraNA mile| paMDita jugala kizora jI ne siddhisopAna meM yahI bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai (166)

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"kAraNa, unakA jo svarUpa hai, vahI rUpa saba apanA hai, usa hI taraha suvikasita hogA, isameM leza na kahanA hai| unake ciMtana-vaMdana se jina rUpa sAmane AtA hai, bhUlI nija nidhi kA darzana yoM prApti prema upajAtA hai||''27 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI vItarAgI bhagavAna kI bhakti kA yahI mantavya batAyA hai "jyoM dIpaka saMyoga se battI kareM udot| tyoM dhyAvata paramAtmA, jiya paramAtama hot|| 28 jisa prakAra jalate hue dIpaka kA samparka pAkara hI vartikA jala sakatI hai usI prakAra paramAtma pada ko prApta AtmA kA dhyAna karane se hI AtmA usake anurUpa bana sakatI hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM Izvara kA jo svarUpa hai aura usake sambaMdha meM mAnyatAeM haiM unhIM ko kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne apanAyA hai| Izvaratva mImAMsA jaise gar3ha viSaya ko bhaiyA jI ne atyaMta sarala evaM sarasa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| guNasthAna AtmA ke svabhAva athavA pariNAma ko guNa kahate haiN| jaina darzana meM AtmA ke vibhinna pariNAmoM ke anusAra hI caudaha guNa sthAna mAne gaye haiN| sAmAnya avasthA se vikAsa karate karate AtmA mokSa taka pahu~ca jAtI hai isa uttarottara vikAsa ke caudaha stara hI caudaha guNasthAna haiN|29 manuSya ke aSTakarma hI bhavabaMdhana ke kAraNa hote haiN| ina aSTakarmoM meM se mohanIya karma sarvAdhika prabala aura nikRSTa hotA hai| yaha jIva ko usake vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna nahIM hone detaa| isI mohanIya karma ke antargata cAroM kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) Ate haiM jisase rAga-dveSa kA baMdha hotA hai| isa mohanIya karma kA AvaraNa jyoM-jyoM haTatA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM AtmasvarUpa prakaTa hotA jAtA hai| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne guNa sthAna sambaMdhI do kRtiyoM kI racanA kI hai 1. ekAdaza guNasthAna paryanta paMtha vrnnn| 2. caudaha guNa sthAna varti jIva saMkhyA vrnnn| prathama racanA meM guNasthAnoM ke nAma parigaNana zailI ko hI mukhya rUpa se apanAyA gayA hai| dUsarI racanA meM kavi kI dRSTi bhinna-bhinna guNasthAnoM ke (167)

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nAma batAkara unameM rahane vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA saMketa para hI kendrita rahI hai| donoM hI racanAoM meM kavi ne mAnasika bhAvoM ke utAra-car3hAva aura parivartana kA sUkSmatA se citraNa nahIM kiyA hai jabaki jaina darzana granthoM meM isakA vistRta aura sUkSma vivecana upalabdha hai| jaina darzana graMtha gommaTasAra meM isakA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura kavi ne svayaM bhI racanA (prathama) ke anta meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai| kavi ne prathama racanA meM sarvaprathama una siddha bhagavAna kI vaMdanA kI hai jo karma rUpI kalaMka ko zanaiH zanaiH dhokara siddha pada ko prApta kie hue haiN| kavi ko yahA~ usI paMtha kA dizA-nirdeza karanA hai| prathama guNa sthAna hai mithyaatv| saMsAra ke adhikatara jIva isI guNasthAna meM rahate haiN| ye loga AtmasvarUpa se anabhijJa mithyAmati jIva hote haiM deva aura kadeva meM unake lie koI antara nahIM hotA, donoM kI samAna rUpa se sevA karate haiN| kavi ne apanI dUsarI racanA caudaha guNasthAna jIva saMkhyA varNana meM prathama guNasthAna kA kucha vistRta varNana kiyA hai, ve kahate haiM "deva kudeva na jAne bhev| sugurU kagarU ko eka hI sev|| namai bhagati so binA vivek| vinaya mithyAtI jIva anek|" jaisA ki Arambha meM hI batAyA hai isa racanA meM kavi kI dRSTi vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM nivAsa karane vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA batAne para hI kendrita rahI hai| kavi ke anusAra isa guNasthAna meM anantAnaMta jIva bhare hue haiM "prathama mithyAtva nAma gunnsthaan| jIva anaMtAnaMta prmaan||" dUsarA guNasthAna hai 'sAsAdana smygdRsstti'| jaba jIva samyagdarzana prApta kara letA hai kintu kisI kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) ke tIvra ho jAne se samyagdarzana se cyuta hokara mithyAtva kI ora girane lagatA hai to donoM ke bIca kA sthAna sAsAdana samyagdRSTi hai| kavi ne isa guNasthAna ke viSaya meM kevala itanA hI kahA hai ki yahA~ (sAsAdana) se girakara jIva mithyAtva meM hI pahu~ca jAtA hai "aba dUjo sAsAdana naam| tAke eka girana ko dhaam|| mithyApura loM Avai shii| dUjI vATa na yAko khiiN|" kavi ke anusAra isa guNasthAna meM bAvana karor3a jIva rahate haiM"sAsAdana guNasthAna naam| bAvana koTi jIva siMha tthaam||" tIsarA guNasthAna hai samyak mithyAtva (mizra) isameM samyaktva aura (168)

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mithyAtva donoM ke mizrita bhAva rahate haiN| caturtha guNasthAna hai asaMyata smygdRsstti| jisa jIva kI zraddhA samIcIna hotI hai vaha samyagdRSTi hotA hai kintu vaha saMyama kA pAlana nahIM krtaa| ata: vaha asaMyata samyagdRSTi kahalAtA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa guNasthAna kA nAma avratapura diyA hai(ise avirata samyaktva bhI kahate haiM) aura isake sambaMdha meM itanA hI kahA hai ki avratapura se girane para to prANI tIsare dUsare se hotA huA prathama mithyAtva taka pahu~ca jAtA hai aura Upara car3hatA hai to paMcama aura saptama taka pahu~ca jAtA hai| "cautho hai avratapura thaan| paMtha paMca bhAkhe bhgvaan| girai to tIjai dUjai jaay| mithyApura loM pahu~ce jaay|| car3he to paMcama saptama shii| aisI mahimA yAkI khii|" kavi ke anusAra isa guNasthAna meM sAta araba jIva basate haiM"avrata hai cautho gunnvNt| sAta araba jiya tahAM vsNt|" pA~cavAM guNasthAna hai saMyatAsaMyata, jo zrAvaka ke paMca aNuvrata ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, zIla, aparigraha) kA pAlana karate haiM tathA indriyoM para bhI niyaMtraNa rakhate haiN| jaina dharma meM batAyA gayA gRhastha kA caritra pAlana karane vAle sabhI manuSya isa guNasthAna ke antargata Ate haiN| hamAre kavi bhaiyA jI ne isa guNasthAna kA nAma 'dezaviratapura' diyA hai (ise dezavirata bhI kahate haiM) aura isake sambaMdha meM kevala itanA batAyA hai "paMcama dezaviratapura jaan| paMtha paMca tAke ura aan|| gire to cauthe tIje jaay| athavA dUjai pahile bhaay|| car3he to saptamapura ke maahi| ihi thAnaka adhika kucha naahiN||" tathA isa guNasthAna vartI jIvoM kI saMkhyA teraha karor3a hai"paMcama dezaviratapura khe| teraha koTi jIva jahaM lhe||" SaSTha guNasthAna hai pramatta saMyata, jisameM pUrNa saMyama kA pAlana karate hue bhI pramAda ke kAraNa kabhI kabhI kucha asAvadhAnI ho jAtI hai, aise muni pramatta saMyata kahalAte haiN| inake viSaya meM bhI kavivara 'bhaiyA' itanA hI batAkara mauna ho gaye haiM ki yahA~ se skhalita hone para bhI jIva paMcama caturtha Adi se hotA huA prathama guNasthAna mithyAtva taka pahu~ca sakatA hai tathA unnati karane para saptama guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| kavi ke anusAra yahA~ ke jIvoM kI saMkhyA (169)

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pA~ca karor3a tirAnave lAkha aThAnave hajAra do sau chaH hai| "paMca koTi arU trANava lAkha / sahasa aThyANaveM upari bhAkha // / dvaya so chaha jiya chaTThethAna / paramAdI muni kahe bakhAna / / 11 saptama guNasthAna hai apramatta saMyata, jo muni pramAda aura asAvadhAnI se virata rahakara dRr3hatApUrvaka saMyama kA pAlana karate haiM, ve apramatta saMyata kahalAte haiN| yahA~ kavi ne kevala itanA hI batAyA hai, ki isa guNasthAna se yadi muni skhalita ho jAye to chaThe guNasthAna meM pahu~catA hai| yahA~ ke nivAsI jIvoM kI saMkhyA 2 karor3a chiyAnave lAkha ninyAnave hajAra eka sau tIna hai / 64 apramatta saptama paratakSa koTi doya arU chayAnava lakSa / / sahasa ninyANava ika so tiin| ete muni saMyama paravIna / / ?? "" " saptama guNasthAna ke pazcAt do zreNiyAM Arambha hotI haiM upazama aura kSayaka shrennii| jaba jIva apanI prakRtiyoM aura karmoM ko upazama karatA huA calatA hai use upazama zreNI kahate haiM aura jaba vaha unheM kSaya karatA huA calatA hai use kSayaka zreNI kahate haiM tathA kSayaka zreNI meM aSTama, navama, dazama aura dvAdazama guNasthAna hai| isa prakAra kA saMketa kavi ne bhI kiyA hai'upasama zreNi car3he guNavAna / aSTama navama dazama guNathAna / ' aSTama guNasthAna apUrvakaraNa hai| karaNa se tAtparya pariNAma hotA hai| jaba muni ke citta meM apUrva zuddha bhAva Ane lagate haiM taba vaha aSTama guNasthAnavartI kahA jAtA hai| navama guNasthAna anivRttikaraNa hai, yahA~ Akara pUrva saMcita karma kSINa hone lagate haiM aura dazama guNasthAna sUkSma sAmparAya meM muni apanI kaSAyoM (sAmparAya) ko atyaMta sUkSma kara DAlate haiN| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne ina guNasthAnoM ke viSaya meM bhI kucha vizeSa nahIM kahA hai kevala unake nAma batAkara unase skhalita hone para nIce ke guNasthAna meM jAne anyathA Upara ke guNasthAna meM jAne mAtra kA saMketa kiyA hai| inameM nivAsa karane vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA pRthaka-pRthaka zreNIvAra ullekha kiyA hai| upazama zreNI meM aSTama navama tathA dazama guNasthAna meM do-do sau ninyAnave hai| tInoM kA yoga ATha sau sattAnave hai| kSayaka zreNI ke aSTama guNasthAna meM pA~ca sau aTThAnave haiM navama tathA dazama meM bhI yahI saMkhyA hai| gyArahavAM guNasthAna upazAMta kaSAya hai| isameM upazama zreNI vAlA muni hI AtA hai| karma prakRtiyoM ko zAMta kara dene se pariNAma atyaMta zuddha ho jAte haiM kintu moha kaSAya Adi jala se bhare hue pAtra (170)

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meM baiThe hue mala ke samAna rahate haiN| ataH muni inako udaya meM lAkara inheM naSTa karatA hai| kavi ne yahA~ bhI nAma nirdeza se hI santoSa kara liyA hai| yahA~ ke jIvoM kI saMkhyA do sau ninyANave batAI hai| bArahavAM guNasthAna hai kSINa kaSAya-isameM kSayaka zreNI vAle muni hI Ate haiN| moha Adi ko zanaiH zanaiH kSINa karate hue sarvathA nirmUla kara dete haiM ve kSINa kaSAya vItarAgI kahalAte haiN| kavi ke anusAra isameM pA~ca sau aThAnave jIva haiN| "dvAdazamoM guNa kSINa kssaay| paMca aThANava saba mniraay||" terahavAM guNasthAna saMyoga kevalI hai| aSTakarmoM meM sarvAdhika prabala mohanIya karma hotA hai| bArahaveM guNasthAna taka vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai| usake naSTa hote hI anya karmoM kI zakti svata: hI kSINa ho jAtI hai| aura usakA kevala jJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai| ata: vaha saMyoga kevalI ho jAte haiN| AtmA ke zatru, karmoM ko jIta lene ke kAraNa ye hI jina0 tathA arihaMta (arihaMta) kahalAte haiN| ye bhramaNa karate hue sthAna-sthAna para upadeza dete haiM prANImAtra ko saMsAra sAgara se pAra utarane kA mArga batAte haiM isIlie ye hI tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| kavi ke anusAra ina kevala jJAniyoM kI saMkhyA ATha lAkha aThAnaveM hajAra pA~ca so do hai| "aba teraha meM kevala jnyaan| tinakI saMkhyA kahUM bkhaan|| lAkha ATha kevali jina suno| sahasa aThANava Upara guno|| zataka paMca arU Upara doy| ete zrI kevali jina soy||" caudahavAM aura antima guNasthAna hai ayoga kevlii| aba kevala-jJAnI dhyAnamagna hokara mana, vacana va zarIra ke saba vyApAra banda kara dete haiM, taba ve ayoga kevalI kahalAte haiN| isakA kAla bahuta thor3A hotA hai| tatpazcAt ye dhyAna rUpI agni se zeSa cAra aghAti karmoM, Ayu, nAma, vedanI, gotra ko bhI naSTa karake zarIra aura jIvana se mukta hokara siddha ho jAte haiN| kavi ne ina ayoga kevalI guNasthAnavI jIvoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca sau aThAnaveM batAI hai| "aba caudama ayoga guNa thaan| paMca aThavANa saba nirvaan||" anta meM kavi ne terahaveM guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA yoga bhI diyA hai (prathama guNasthAna 'mithyAtva' meM to anantAnaMta jIva hai) ATha araba satattara karor3a ninyAnave lAkha ninyAnave hajAra dau sau sttaanve| (171)

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"teraha guNathAnaka jiya lhuuN| sabakI saMkhyA ekahi khuuN|| ATha araba satahattara kodd'| lAkha ninyANava Upara jodd'|| sahasa ninyANava nava sau jaan| arU satyANava saba prmaan|" ina saba saMkhyAoM kA varNana kavi ne gommaTasAra graMtha ke anusAra kiyA hai| terahaveM guNasthAna taka hI jIva jagavAsI kahalAtA hai| "jaba loM jiya iha thAnaka maahi| taba loM jiya jagavAsI khaahi|| inahiM ulaghi mukti meM jaaNhi| kAla anaMtahi tahAM rhaahiN||" isa prakAra terahaveM guNasthAna ko pAra karake jIva mukti prApta karate haiM aura phira anantakAla taka ananta sukha kA bhoga karate haiN| kavivara 'bhaiyA' jI ne jaina darzana-graMthoM ke anusAra hI guNasthAnoM kA varNana kiyA hai| yadyapi unhoMne pratyeka guNasthAna vartI jIvoM kA svabhAvagata varNana nahIM kiyA tathApi yaha sAdhanA kitanI kaThina hai| jIva bAra bAra Upara car3hane kA prayAsa karatA hai| aura nIce gira jAtA hai, yadi apane ko saMbhAla nahIM pAtA to giratA hI calA jAtA hai| isakA kavi ne bAra-bAra saMketa kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra isa saMsAra ke saba jIva apane-apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke anusAra guNasthAnoM meM vibhAjita haiN| kavi ne paramparAgata ullekha kiyA hai| paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI ne guNasthAnoM ko 'AdhyAtmika utthAna aura patana ke cArTa' ke samAna batAyA hai| tathA DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ne inako caudaha 'AdhyAtmika bhUmikAeM' kahA hai| karma-siddhAnta saMsAra meM lagabhaga sabhI dharma isa tathya ko svIkAra karate haiM ki jIva jaisA karma karegA use vaisA hI phala bhoganA hogaa| sAdhAraNatayA yahI karma-siddhAnta hai| kintu karma siddhAnta ke svarUpa ke sambaMdha meM vibhinna darzana apanA pRthaka-pRthaka mata rakhate haiN| "Izvara ko jagata kA niyantA mAnane vAle vaidika darzana jIva ko karma karane meM svataMtra kintu usakA phala bhogane meM paratantra mAnate haiN| unake mata se karma kA phala Izvara detA hai aura vaha prANiyoM ke acche yA bure karma ke anurUpa hI acchA yA burA phala detA hai| kintu jaina-darzana isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| gahanatA se vicAra karane para yaha tathya tarkasaMgata bhI pratIta nahIM hotaa| Izvara saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI ke kAryoM kA lekhA jokhA rakhe yaha sambhava hI nahIM dikhAI detaa| vaha svayaM hI prANiyoM ko vibhinna prakAra ke kArya karane kI preraNA de aura phira unhIM kAryoM ke lie unheM daMDa athavA (172)

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puraskAra de yaha ucita nahIM lgtaa| pro0 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya ke zabdoM meM "yaha kaisA andhera hai ki Izvara hatyA karane vAloM ko bhI preraNA detA hai, aura jisakI hatyA hotI hai, use bhI, aura jaba hatyA ho jAtI hai, to vahI eka ko hatyArA ThaharAkara daMDa bhI dilAtA hai| usakI yaha kaisI vicitra lIlA hai| jaba vyakti apane kArya meM svataMtra hI nahIM hai, taba vaha hatyA kA kartA kaise ? ataH pratyeka jIva apane kAryoM kA svayaM prabhu hai, svayaM kartA hai, aura svayaM bhoktA hai|''31 isa prakAra hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki Izvara karmaphaladAtA nahIM hai| jaina darzana ke anasAra karma apane kartA ko svayaM hI phala dete haiN| karma kA kyA svarUpa hai ve kaise jIva se saMyukta hote haiM tathA kaise phala dete haiM, yahI karma siddhAnta hai| "jaina zAstroM meM karmavAda kA bar3A gahana vivecana hai ..... karmoM kA aisA sarvAMgINa varNana zAyada hI saMsAra ke kisI vAD.maya meM mile|' '32 saMsAra meM dharma kI sattA jIva ko mokSa prApti karane ke lie hI hai| jIva kI mukti ke lie jina tatvoM ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai ve jaina darzana ke anusAra sAta mAne gae haiM- jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokss| jIva ajIva SaTa dravyoM ke antargata bhI Ate haiM aura sAta tatvoM ke antargata bhI, kyoMki karma-paramANu (ajIva) jIva se saMyukta hokara hI saMsAra kA kAraNa banate haiN| ina karma pudgaloM se jIva aura ajIva kA SaTadravyoM ke aMtargata sRSTikartRtva ke adhyAya meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jIva jIva cetanA yukta, amUrta, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, zabda rahita hai, anantaguNa evaM ananta zakti se paripUrNa hai, jinase vaha svayaM hI aparicita rahatA hai jIva svayaM hI karmoM kA jAla phailAtA hai aura svayaM hI apane puruSArtha se use chinna-bhinna kara mokSa kI prApti kara letA hai, isa dRSTi se jIva do prakAra ke haiM- karmabaddha jIva aura karma mukta jiiv| inheM hI kramazaH saMsArI aura mukta jIva bhI kahate ajIva saMsAra ke samasta acetana evaM mUrtika padArtha ajIva haiM aura ajIva ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se eka hai pudgala, jo rUpa, rasa gaMdha Adi se yukta hai| vyutpatti se pudgala kA artha hotA hai jo paraspara saMyukta aura vibhakta hotA rahe aisA pUrNa aura galana svabhAva vAlA padArtha(33 isake do bheda hote haiM aNu aura skNdh| (173)

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pudgala ke sabase choTe avibhAgI aMza ko aNu athavA paramANu kahate haiM aura aNu ke samUha ko skNdh| karma kA nirmANa una sUkSma pudgala paramANuoM se hotA hai jo jJAnendriyoM ke lie agamya hai| isa prakAra karma eka pudgala padArtha hai jo jIva ke sAtha baMdha jAtA hai| jIva aura karma kA sambaMdha anAdi hai, jaina darzana isa bAta ko mAnatA hai, yadi aisA na mAneM to yaha zaMkA uThatI hai ki yadi jIva prArambha meM sarvathA zuddha thA to vaha saMsAra meM AyA hI kyoM, aura yadi jIva zuddha avasthA meM saMsAra meM AtA hai to saMsAra se mukta hone ke pazcAt bhI jIva isa saMsAra meM A sakatA hai, kintu aisA nahIM hotaa| ata: jIva aura karma kA sambandha anAdi hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI zata aSTottarI meM isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM "jIvahu anAdi ko hai karmahu anAdiko hai, bhedaha anAdi ko hai, sarva doU dala meN| rIjhave ko hai svabhAva, rIjhanAhIM hai svabhAva, rIjhate ko bhAva so svabhAva hai anala meN|" karmoM se jIva kA sambandha anAdi to hai kintu ananta nahIM hai| karma saMyukta rahanA jIva kA mUla svabhAva nahIM hai| yadi aisA hotA to jIva pUrNa prayAsa karane para bhI karma vimukta ho hI nahIM sakatA thaa| kintu arahaMta aura siddha avasthA jIva ke karma vimukta hone kA pramANa hai| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI rAgAdi nirNayASTaka meM isI tathya kA pratipAdana karate haiM "rAga dveSa kI paraNati hai anAdi nahIM mUla svbhaav| cetana zubha phaTika maNi jaise, rAgAdika jyoM raMga lgaav||" isa prakAra jIva bhramavaza karma rUpI jAla svayaM hI phailAtA hai aura tatpazcAt ajJAnavaza svayaM hI usameM phaMsa jAtA hai| vaha usameM baMdI avasthA meM chaTapaTAtA rahatA hai, kavi ke zabdoM meM "haMsA, ha~sa ha~sa Apa tu, pUrva saMvAre phNd| tihiM kudAva meM baMdhi rahe, kaise hoha suchNd||" isa karmajAla ke phaMda meM par3akara jIva apane vAstavika svabhAva ko hI bhUla jAtA hai vaha yaha bhUla jAtA hai ki usameM siddha paramAtmA hone kI pUrNa zakti vidyamAna hai kevala karmoM kA AvaraNa hI use Izvaratva se pRthaka kie hue hai (174)

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"Izvara so hI AtmA, jAti eka hai tNt| karma rahita Izvara bhaye, karma sahita jgjNt||34 karmoM ke saMyoga se jIva kI tIna avasthAeM hotI hai, bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| jo apane svarUpa se nitAnta anabhijJa hote haiM tathA zarIra ko hI AtmA samajhate haiM ve bahirAtmA kahalAte haiN| jinheM apane svarUpa kA saccA jJAna hai aura use prApta karane kI dizA meM prayatnazIla haiM unheM antarAtmA kahate haiM, aura jo karmabaMdhana kATakara saMsAra aura jIvana se mukta ho cuke, ve paramAtmA kahalAte haiN| ye karma hI jIva ko isa saMsAra meM apane saMketoM para nRtya karAte haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa paramAtma chattIsI meM jIva kI isI dizA kI ora saMketa karate haiM "karmana ke saMyoga teM bhaye tIna prkaar| eka AtamA dravya ko karma nacAvana haar||" Asrava tatva pudgala dravya 23 prakAra kI vargaNAoM (sUkSmatama paramANuoM) meM vibhAjita hai| inameM se eka prakAra kI vargaNAeM kArmANavargaNA (inheM hI karma paramANu kahate haiM) kahalAtI haiN| isa saMsAra meM jIva kisI na kisI zarIradhArI ke rUpa meM hI dikhAI detA hai, aura mana, vacana athavA kAya ke dvArA kisI na kisI kriyA meM rata rahatA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya ke dvArA kI gaI kriyAyeM yoga kahalAtI haiN| ina kriyAoM se prANI ke cAroM ora vAtAvaraNa meM bhare hue paramANuoM meM spaMdana utpanna ho jAtA hai aura unameM se kArmANa-vargaNAeM AtmA ke pradezoM kI ora AkarSita hotI haiN| mana, vacana, kAya yoga kA sahArA pAkara karma paramANuoM kA jIva kI ora AkarSita honA hI Asrava hai, tatvArtha satra meM kahA gayA hai "kAya vAGmanaH karma yogH| sa aamrvH||"35 baMdha tatva karma-paramANuoM ke Agamana mAtra se kucha nahIM hotA yadi ve AtmA ke sAtha saMyukta na hoN| AtmA ke rAga dveSa Adi pariNAmoM ke kAraNa paramANuoM meM karmazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai ina karma paramANuoM kA AtmA ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAha36 sambaMdha ho jAtA hai| ise hI karma baMdha kahate haiN| rAga dveSAdi pariNAma hI kaSAya kahalAte haiM, jo mukhyataH cAra mAnI gayI haiM- krodha, mAna, (175)

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mAyA, lobha | AcArya umAsvAti kA kathana hai "sakaSAyatvAjjIva: karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sa baMdha: / " arthAt jIva kaSAya yukta hone ke kAraNa karma yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa kara letA hai ise hI baMdha kahate haiN| AcArya kuMda-kuMda ne pravacana sAra meM tathA amRta canda AcArya ne puruSArtha siddhayupAya meM yahI vicAra vyakta kie haiM- bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI kahate haiM ki jaba karma pradeza aura AtmA ke pradeza milakara eka ho jAte haiM use hI baMdha kahate haiN| " cetana pariNAma so karma jite bAMdhiyata, tAko nAma bhAvabaMdha aisI bheda kahiye / / karma ke pradezani ko Atama pradezani so, paraspara milibo ekatva jahA~ lahiye / / tAko nAma dravya baMdha kahyo jina graMthani meM, aiso ubhai bheda baMdha paddhati ko gahiye / / anAdi hI ko jIva yaha baMdha setI baMdhayo hai, 11 inahI ke miTata anaMta sukha pahiye / / ' isa prakAra jIva ke mana vacana kAya tInoM yoga karma-paramANuoM ko jIva taka lAne kA kArya karate haiM tathA usake rAga dveSI pariNAma baMdha kA kAraNa banate haiN| yadi mana kaSAyayukta na ho to karma-paramANuoM kA AtmA ke sAtha baMdhana nahIM ho sktaa| paMDita kailAzacandra zAstrI ne isa prakriyA ko eka udAharaNa ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| unhoMne yoga ko vAyu kI, kaMSAyako goMda kI, jIva ko eka dIvAra kI, tathA karma-paramANuoM ko dhUla kI upamA dI hai| yadi dIvAra para goMda lagI ho to vAyu ke sAtha ur3akara Ane vAlI dhUla dIvAra se cipaka jAtI hai, yadi dIvAra sApha sutharI hai to kitanI hI dhUla ur3atI rahe vaha cipaka hI nahIM sakatI aura dIvAra para dhUla kA kama yA adhika dinoM taka cipake rahanA bhI usa para lagI goMda Adi kI cipakAhaTa kI kamIbezI para nirbhara karatI hai| yadi dIvAra para goMda na hokara pAnI ho to dhUla zIghra hI sUkhakara jhar3a jAyegI / isa udAharaNa se bilakula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rAgadveSa Adi hI baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa tathya ko bAra bAra kahA hai / rAgadveSa ko hI karma baMdhana kA mUla batAte hue paramAtma chattIsI meM ve kahate haiM " karmana kI jara rAga hai, rAga jarai jara jAya / (176)

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pragaTa hota paramAtmA, bhaiyA sugama upaay||" jIva ko zarIra Adi pudgala dravya se jo rAga hotA hai usI rAga ke kAraNa jIva apane vAstavika svarUpa ko nahIM dekha paataa| kavi bhaiyA ise eka rUpaka dvArA saralatA se spaSTa kara dete haiM "jo paramAtmA siddha meM, so hI yA tana maahiN| moha maila dRgi lagi rahyo, tAteM sUjhe naahiN||" yadi mAnava kA hRdaya lobha, mAna, mAyA, krodha kaSAyoM se rahita, nitAnta svaccha vItarAgI hotA hai to karmaparamANu meghoM ke samAna garaja-garajakara binA varSA kie hI cale jAte haiM, kavi ke zabdoM meM "saMsArI jIvana ke karamana ko baMdha hoya, __ moha ko nimitta pAya rAga dveSa raMga sauM vItarAga deva pai na rAgadveSa moha kahU~, tAhI tai abaMdha kahe karma ke prasaMga so| puggala kI kriyA rahI puggala ke khetabI, ApahI te cale dhuni apanI umaMga soN| jaise megha parai binu Apa nija kAja krai| garji varSi jhUma Avai zakati sachaMga so|''37 ye Asrava aura baMdha hI saMsAra kA kAraNa haiN| inase eka bAra baMdha jAne para phira mukti pAnA kaThina hai| jisa prakAra ke karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai unake udaya hone para jIva phira usI prakAra ke rAgadveSa Adi bhAvoM ko dhAraNa kara letA hai aura isa prakAra phira navIna karmoM kA baMdhana ho jAtA hai aura yahI saMsAra kA cakra hai| isa tathya ko kavi 'bhaiyA' ne rAgAdi nirNayASTaka meM atyaMta spaSTatA se batAyA hai "rAga rU dveSa moha kI paraNati, lago anAdi jIva kahaM doy| tinako nimitta pAya paramANu, baMdha hoya vasu bhedahiM soy|| tina hoya deha arU indriya, tahAM viSa rasa bhuMjata loy| tinameM rAgadveSa jo upajata, tihaM saMsAracakra phira hoy||" AcArya umAsvAti ne baMdha ke pA~ca hetu batAye haiM mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yog| Atmatatva yA apane svarUpa ke sambandha meM mithyAdhAraNA hI mithyAdarzana hai| (177)

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saMyama Adi ke niyamoM kA pAlana na karanA hI avirati hai| apane kartavya nirvAha meM asAvadhAna honA pramAda hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi mana ko malina karane vAlI bhAvanAeM kaSAya haiN| mana, vacana aura kAya ke dvArA AtmA ke pradezoM meM jo kriyA hotI hai, use yoga kahate haiN| AcArya umAsvAti ne karmabaMdha ke cAra prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA haiprakRtibaMdha, sthitibaMdha, pradezabaMdha anubhaagbNdh| karma-paramANuoM kA ATha karmoM meM pariNata ho jAnA prakRtibaMdha hai| jisa prakAra bhojana karane ke pazcAt anna zarIra meM jAkara rudhira, majjA Adi sAta dhAtuoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra karma paramANu aSTakarmoM meM vibhAjita ho jAte haiN| ye aSTakarma isa prakAra ___ jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya, antarAya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura vedniiy| baMdhe hue karmaparamANuoM kI jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke rUpa meM saMkhyA kA niyata honA pradeza-baMdha hai| karma paramANu jIva ke sAtha kitane samaya taka saMyukta raheMge, kAla maryAdA kA yaha nirNaya hI sthitibaMdha kahalAtA hai| karma tIvra phala degA yA maMda isa zakti kA niyata honA anubhAga baMdha kahalAtA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne karmabaMdha ke hetu tathA bhedoM kA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra saMketa kiyA hai "mithyA avrata yoga kssaay| baMdha hoya cahuM parateM aay|| thiti anubhAya prakRti prdesh| e baMdhana vidhi bheda vishess||" jIva ananta guNoM se yukta hotA hai| karma usake guNoM ko AvRta kara lete haiN| usake ananta guNoM meM se ATha guNoM ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA haikSAyika samyaktva, anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya, sUkSmatva, avagAhanatva, agurulaghutva, avyaavaadhtv| ye hI ATha guNa siddhoM ke mAne gae haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isI viSaya para eka viziSTa kRti kI racanA kI hai- "aSTakarma kI caupAI" jisameM aSTakarmoM ke dvArA aSTaguNoM ko AvRta kie jAne kA varNana kiyA gayA hai "eka jIvaguNa dharai annt| tAko kucha kahiye virtNt| sabaguNa karma acchAdita rhaiN| kaise bhinna-bhinna siMha khaiN|| tAmeM ATha mukhya guNa kheN| tApeM ATha karma lagi rhe||" jJAnAvaraNIyakarma jIva ke jJAnaguNa ko AvRta kara letA hai| usake kSaya (178)

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hote hI usakA jJAnarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| "bhaiyA" jI ke anusAra " jJAnAvaraNakarma jaba jaay| taba nija jJAna prakaTa saba thAya / " darzanAvaraNIya karma jIva ke darzanaguNa ko AcchAdita kara letA hai| kavivara 'bhaiyA' jI ne bhI isI bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai'dUjo darzaAvaraNa aura gaye jIva dekhahiM saba Thaura / / " 44 mohanIya karma jIva kI samyak buddhi ko hara letA hai| isakA bheda darzanamohanIya jIva ko satya mArga kA jJAna hI nahIM hone detA aura dUsarA caritra mohanIya sacce mArga kA jJAna ho jAne para bhI jIva ko usa para calane nahIM detaa| yahI karma sarvAdhika prabala hotA hai / kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI isa karma kI prabalatA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai 44 'cauthI mahA moha paradhAna / saba karmana meM jo balavAna / / samakita arU cArita guNasAra / tAhi Dhake nAnA parakAra / / X X X X " moha gae saba jAnai marma / moha gae pragaTai nija dharma / / moha gae kevala pada hoya / moha gae cira rahe na koy|| ' antarAya karma jIva ke ananta vIrya guNa ko AcchAdita kara letA hai| jisake kAraNa manuSya meM sAhasa pauruSa saMkalpa zakti alpa mAtrA meM dikhalAyI detI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI antarAya karma ke viSaya meM yahI saMketa kiyA hai ?? 'aSTama antarAya ari naam| bala ananta DhAke abhirAma / / zakati anantI jIva subhaay| jAke udaya na paragaTa thAya / / ina cAra karmoM-jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ko ghAti karma kahate haiM, kyoMki ye jIva ke svAbhAvika rUpa ko AcchAdita karake atyadhika hAni pahu~cAte haiN| aura zeSa cAra karma Ayu, nAma, gotra, vedanIya aghAti karma kahalAte hai kyoMki ye jIva ko kiMcit hAni pahu~cAte haiN| Ayu karma jIva ke avagAhanatva guNa meM bAdhA pahu~cAtA hai| kyoMki use kisI eka zarIra meM roke rakhatA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI yahI svIkAra kiyA hai 44 "paMcama Ayu karma jina kahai / avagAhana guNa roka rahai / / jaba ve prakRti AvaraNa jaahiN| taba avagAhana thira ThaharAhiM / / ' ". nAma karma jIva ke sUkSmatva guNa ko AvRta kara letA hai| isI ke saMyoga se amUrta jIva zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai / gotra karma AtmA ke agurulaghutva guNa (179)

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ko AvRta kara letA hai| kavivara 'bhaiyA' jI ne bhI isI tathya ko svIkRta kiyA hai "nAma karma SaSThama nitNt| karahi jIva ko muurtivNt|| amUratIka guNa jIva anuup| tApai lagI prakRti jaDa ruup|| saptama gota karama jiya jaan| U~canIca jiya yahI bkhaan|| guNa ju agurU laghu DhAMke rhai| tAteM U~canIca saba khai||" vedanIya karma jIva ke avyAbAdhatva guNa ko AvRta kara letA hai tathA sukha-dukha kA anubhava karAtA hai| isakA eka bheda sAtAvedanIya svastha zarIra tathA dhana aizvarya Adi kI ora dUsarA bheda asAtAvedanIya rogI zarIra, nirdhanatA Adi kaSToM kI prApti karAte haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI vedanIya karma ke hI lakSaNa batAye haiM "nirAvAdha guNa tIjo ahai| tAhi vedanI DhAMke rhai|| sAtA aura asAtA naam| tAmahi garbhita cetana raam||" isa prakAra aSTa karma jIva ke vAstavika rUpa ko Dhakakara use ajJAna aura moha ke aMdhakAra meM DAla dete haiN| isIlie kaviyoM ne prAyaH ina aSTakarmoM ko ATha Thaga ke rUpa meM batAyA hai, jo jIva ke guNa rUpI dhana kA haraNa kara lete haiM "ThaThThA kahai ATha Thaga paaye| Thagata-Thagata aba kai kara aaye| Thaga ko tyAga jalAMjali diijai| ThAkura hRvai ke taba sukha liije||''38 karmabaMdhana hone ke pazcAt karmoM kA udaya hotA hai athavA ve udita hue binA hI karmaphala dene ke ayogya ho jAte haiN| isako hI dRSTi meM rakhakara karmabaMdha kI dasa avasthAyeM mAnI gayI haiN| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa viSaya para eka pRthaka kRti kI racanA kI hai- "karmabaMdha ke dasa bhed"| karmaparamANuoM kA jIva se saMyukta honA baMdha hai| karma kI sthiti (phala dene kI avadhi) meM vRddhi honA utkarSaNa hai| eka karma kA dUsare sajAtIya karma ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAne ko saMkramaNa kahate haiN| karma kI sthiti ke ghaTane ko apakarSaNa kahate haiN| samaya se pUrva karma ke udaya ho jAne ko udIraNA kahate haiN| phala dene se pUrva karma ke jIva ke sAtha baMdhe rahane kI avasthA sattA kahalAtI hai| karma kA phala denA udaya tathA karma ko udaya meM A sakane ke (180)

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ayogya kara denA upazama hai| karma kA udaya tathA saMkramaNa na ho sakanA nidhatti hai| karma meM utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa kA na ho sakanA nikaacnaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne 'karmabaMdha' ke dasa bheda nAmaka racanA meM inhIM avasthAoM kA paramparAgata varNana kiyA hai| kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM "dUjo utkarSaNabaMdha eh| thitahiM baDhAya karai bahu jeh|| tIjo saMkaramaNa ju khaay| aura kI aura prakRti ho jaay|| sattA apanI lie bsNt| SaSTama bheda yaha virtNt|| saptama bheda udaya je dey| thiti pUrI kara baMdha khirey|| dazamo baMdha nikAMcita jhaaN| thiti nahIM bar3he ghaTai nahiM thaaN||" saMvara karmoM ke Asrava ko rokanA hI saMvara hai| yadi naye karmoM ke Agamana ko na rokA jAye to jIva kabhI bhI karmabaMdhana se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| karmaparamANuoM meM karmaphala dene kI zakti taba hI utpanna hotI hai jaba AtmA rAga-dveSa yukta hotI hai| ataH yaha rAgadveSa bhAvanA hI karmabaMdha kA kAraNa hai| mokSa pada ke sAdhaka ko rAgadveSa kaSAya Adi se apane hRdaya ko mukta rakhanA caahie| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai "rAgAdika soM bhinna jaba jIva bhayo jiMha kaal|| taba tiMha pAyo mukti pada, tori karma ke jaal|| yehi karma ke mUla haiM rAgadveSa prinnaam|| ina hI se saba hote haiM karmabaMdha ke kaam||''39 nirjarA karma-paramANuoM kA jhar3a jAnA arthAt unakI karmaphala zakti kA naSTa ho jAnA hI nirjarA kahalAtA hai| vaise to hara samaya karmoM kI nirjarA hotI rahatI hai kyoMki karma apanA phala de cukane ke pazcAt zaktihIna hokara jhar3ate rahate haiN| kintu taba bhI karmabaMdhana se chuTakArA nahIM milatA, kyoMki sAtha hI sAtha rAgadveSa bhAva ke kAraNa nae karma baMdhate cale jAte haiN| ata: nirjarA saMvarapUrvaka hI ho taba hI kucha lAbha hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI isa sambandha meM yahI bhAva prakaTa karate haiM (181)

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"saMvara paTa ko rokane bhaav| sukha hove ko yahI upaav|| Ave nahIM nae jahA~ krm| pichale ruki pragaTai nijdhrm|| thiti pUrI hai khira khira jaahi| nirjara bhAva adhika adhikaahiN|| nirmala hoya cidAnanda aap| miTai sahaja parasaMga milaap||''40 isake atirikta upavAsa, tapa, dhyAna Adi ke dvArA bhI karmoM kA samaya se pUrva hI udaya meM lAkara udIraNA ke dvArA naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai| tatvArtha sUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne nirjarA ke kitane hI upAya batAye haiM "sa gupti samiti dharmAnuprekSA pariSahajaya caaritraiH| tapasA nirjarA c| 141 arthAt gupti (tIna) samiti (pA~ca) dharma (dasa) anuprekSA (bAraha) pariSahajaya (bAIsa) cAritrapAlana va tapasyA (bAraha) se nirjarA hotI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne ukta prakAra se nirjarA ke upAya to nahIM batAye haiM, hA~ bhinna racanAoM ke aMta meM yaha saMketa de diyA hai ki aisA AcaraNa karane se mokSa pada kI prApti hotI hai jaise 'bAraha-bhAvanA' kRti ke anta meM kahA gayA hai "ye hI bAraha bhAvana saar| tIrthakara bhAvahiM nirdhaar| havai vairAga mahAvrata lehi| taba bhava bhramana jalAMjuli dehi||" isI prakAra 'bAIsa parIsahana ke kavitta' ke aMta meM bhI kahA hai| mokSa saptama aura antima tatva hai mokss| yahI vaha lakSya hai jisakI prApti ke lie jIva anantAnanta jIvana dhAraNa karatA huA saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| mokSa kA artha hai mukti arthAt 'samasta karmabaMdhanoM' se jIva ke mukta ho jAne ko mokSa kahate haiN|' karmoM kA AvaraNa hI saMsAra hai| karma prerita jIva hI saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai aura karmasiddhAnta karmajAla meM baMdI jIva ko mukti kA mArga dikhAne kI kathA mAtra hai| kavivara 'bhaiyA' kahate haiM "ye hI AThoM karmamala, inameM garbhita hNs|| inakI zakti vinAza ke pragaTa karahi nija bNs|| 142 isa prakAra jaina karmasiddhAMta ke anusAra karma kA kartA aura bhoktA jIva svayaM hI hai, vahA~ Izvara kA koI mahatva nahIM hai, vahA~ mokSa prApti Izvara kI kRpA nahIM varan jIva ke puruSArtha kA pariNAma hai| karmarUpI zatruoM ko jIta (182)

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kara hI jIva 'jina' bana sakatA hai| isa vivecana ke pazcAt hama kaha sakate haiM ki jaina dharma meM karma siddhAnta kA jitanA sUkSma aura sAMgopAMga varNana milatA hai, utanA anya darzanoM meM durlabha hai| yahA~ hara prazna kA uttara vidyamAna hai, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI karmasiddhAnta kA paramparAgata varNana kiyA hai| aSTakarma kI caupAI meM aSTa karma ke bheda tathA karmabaMdha ke dasa bheda meM dasa avasthAeM varNita haiM zeSa tatvoM kA vivecana eka sthAna para na hokara kaI racanAoM meM yatra-tatra bikharA huA hai| saptabhaMgI jaina darzana meM vastu ko aneka dharmoM se yukta (anekAntAtmaka) mAnA gayA hai yahI anekAntavAda hai aura eka samaya meM vastu ke eka dharma kA hI kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai, saba dharmoM kA kathana eka sAtha eka samaya meM nahIM kiyA jA sakatA jabaki usa vastu meM aneka dharma eka sAtha hI rahate haiM isalie usake svarUpa prakAza kI eka vizeSa zailI kA AviSkAra huA hai jise 'syAdvAda' kahate haiN| syAt se tAtparya hai kacit arthAt 'kisI apekSA se', vAda arthAt kthn| ata: kisI apekSA se kahanA hI syAvAda hai| isa prakAra anekAntavAda eka dRSTikoNa hai aura syAdvAda usako prakaTa karane ko eka paddhati hai| vastu ke anekAnta svarUpa ko samajhAne vAlI sApekSa kathana paddhati ko syAvAda kahate haiN|" jainendra siddhAnta koza ke anusAra anekAntamayI vastu kA kathana karane kI paddhati syAdavAda hai| kisI bhI eka zabda yA vAkya ke dvArA sArI kI sArI vastu kA yugapata kathana karanA azakya hone se prayojanavaza kabhI eka dharma ko mukhya karake kathana karate haiM aura kabhI dUsare ko| mukhya dharma ko sunate hue zrotA ke anya dharma bhI gauNa rUpa se svIkAra hote raheM, unakA niSedha na hove, isa prayojana se anekAntavAdI apane pratyeka vAkya ke sAtha syAt yA kathaMcita zabda kA prayoga karatA hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda dvArA apekSA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kathana kiyA jAtA hai| anekAntavAcya aura syAdvAda vAcaka hai| syAdvAda bhASA kI nirdoSa praNAlI hai, jisake mAdhyama se vaktA dUsare ke vicAroM kA samAdara karatA hai| Adhunika yuga kA sApekSavAda 43 lagabhaga isI kA rUpAntara hai| syAdvAda ke anusAra kathana ke adhika se adhika sAta DhaMga ho sakate haiM ise hI saptabhaMgI kahA gayA hai| bhaMga syAdvAda ke aMga pratyaMga haiN| eka bhaMga se vastu ke eka dharma ko grahaNa (183)

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kiyA jAtA hai| syAdvAda jaina darzana kA prANa hai| isakA jaina darzana ke sAhitya meM paryApta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| darzana ke prasiddha graMtha 'puruSArtha siddhayupAya' meM graMthakartA zrI amRtacandra AcArya ne anekAnta ko namaskAra kiyA hai| anekAnta aura syAdvAda ko spaSTa karane ke liye prAyaH hAthI aura aMdhe manuSyoM kA prasiddha dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| DaoN0 darabArI lAla jaina ne isa tathya ko eka bhavana ke cAra dizAoM se liye gaye cAra phoTo ke dRSTAnta se samajhAyA hai| cAroM phoTo satya ke eka eka aMza haiM sabako milAne para hI pUre bhavana kA bodha hogaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha saMsAra 6 dravyoM se milakara banA hai| ye chaH dravya isa prakAra haiM- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kaal| ina chaH dravyoM kA sat (Existence) hI lakSaNa hai| ataH saptabhaMgI kA pahalA bhaMga hai sat arthAt asti| jo sat hai vaha dRSTibheda se asat bhI hai| yadyapi yaha bAta sunane meM virodhI sI pratIta hotI hai, jo 'hai' vaha 'nahI' kaise ho sakatA hai ? vastu apane mUla svabhAva kI apekSA se to sat hai aura para svabhAva kI apekSA se asat hai| udAharaNa ke liye bhArata bhAratIyoM ke liye svadeza hai kintu iMglaiMDa vAsiyoM ke liye svadeza nahIM hai ataH bhArata svadeza hai aura bhArata svadeza nahIM hai| bhAratIyoM kI apekSA se svadeza hai to videziyoM kI apekSA se vaha svadeza nahIM hai| isI prakAra rAma putra bhI hai, pitA bhI hai, pati bhI hai, kintu dazaratha kA putra hai, lava-kuza kA putra nahIM hai| isa prakAra eka hI vastu apane svabhAva kI apekSA se sat hai, to para svabhAva kI apekSA se asat hai| ataH saptabhaMgI kA dUsarA bhaMga hai asat arthAt naasti| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isI viSaya para eka pRthaka racanA kI hai 'saptabhaMgI vANI', usameM spaSTa kahA hai "asti daraba ko mUla svbhaav| nAsti paraNama nipaTa ninaav|| athavA aura daraba so naahiN| tAhi upekSA nAma khaahiN||" eka hI vastu meM asti aura nAsti donoM lakSaNa eka sAtha rahate haiM eka kA kathana karane para dUsare kI upekSA hotI hai| tIsarA bhaMga hai asti nAsti arthAt vastu hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI kahate haiM"asti nAsti guNa ekahi maahi| duhuguNa dravalacchana tthhiraahiN| (184)

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asti nAsti vina darva na hoy| naya sAdhe taiM bhrama nahiM koy||" kyoMki eka zabda eka samaya meM vastu ke eka dharma kA hI kathana kara sakatA hai, eka se adhika kA nhiiN| ataH vastu avaktavya hai, isa pakAra caturtha bhaMga hai avktvy| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI haiM "dravya guNa vacanani kahyo na jaay| vacana agocara vastu svbhaav|| jo kahuM eka astitA shii| tau dUjo naya lAgai nhii|| jo kahuM nAstika guNadou maahi| tau astikatA kaiMse naahiN|| asti nAsti dou ekahi ber| kahI na jAya vacana ko pher|| duhuko eka vicAra na hoy| eka Age ika pIche joyaa| kou guNa Age pIche naahi| dou guNa eka samaya ke maahiN|| tAtai vacana agocara drv| sAtoM naya bhAkhI e srv||" arthAt vastu asti nAsti donoM hI hai kintu usake eka hI lakSaNa ko eka samaya meM kahA jA sakatA hai, yadi asti ko kahate haiM to nAsti upekSita ho jAtA hai aura nAsti kahate haiM to asti guNa upekSita ho jAtA hai jabaki donoM guNa vastu meM eka sAtha hI vidyamAna rahate haiM ataH vaha vacanAtIta hai| isa prakAra ye cAra pramukha bhaMga hai| syAt asti, syAt nAsti, syAt astinAsti, syAt avktvy| zeSa tIna bhaMga prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya ko caturtha bhaMga ke sAtha jor3a dene se kramazaH paMcama, SaSTha aura saptama bhaMga bana jAte haiM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM syAt asti avaktavya, syAt nAsti avaktavya, syAt asti nAsti avktvy| prathama cAra bhaMga hI saptabhaMgI ke mUla bhaMga haiM aura prAya: dArzanikoM ne inhIM cAra kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| zeSa tIna ko vistAra nahIM diyaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI inhIM cAra bhaMgoM kA kucha vistRta varNana kiyA hai zeSa tIna ke kevala nAma hI batAye haiN| saptabhaMgI nitAnta dArzanika kSetra kA viSaya hai| sAta bhaMgoM kA nirdeza AcArya kundakunda ne paMcAstikAya aura pravacanasAra meM aura AcArya samantabhadra ne Apta mImAMsA meM bhI kiyA hai kintu saptabhaMgI kA pariSkRta svarUpa prathamataH akalaMka deva ne hI kiyA hai| yadyapi anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI darzana kSetra ke viSaya haiM kintu vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI inakA atyadhika upayoga hai| merA hI dRSTikoNa ucita hai dUsare kA anucita, isI se samasta saMgharSa udbhUta hote haiN| (185)

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'hI' ekAntavAda kA Agraha hai, mithyAtva kA gahana aMdhakAra hai, to 'bhI' meM anekAntavAda hai, samyaktva kA Aloka jagamagA rahA hai| pratyeka vastu ke vividha svabhAva aura paryAya hote haiM, yaha vicAra karake mAnava kA dRSTikoNa udAra aura vizAla banatA hai| yadi sabhI manuSya isa dRSTi ko apanAye to saMsAra ke samasta virodha aura saMgharSa hI samApta ho jaayeN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI apanI racanA 'saptabhaMgIvANI' ke anta meM yahI saMketa kiyA hai ki mithyAbuddhi jIva hI isa dRSTikoNa ko nahIM apanAte haiN| jo bhI prANI isa siddhAnta ko apane jIvana meM utAra lete haiM unake sabhI mithyA bhrama dUra ho jAte haiM, saMgharSa samApta ho jAte haiM "naya nahiM lakhai mithyAtI jiiv| tAtai bhrAmaka rahai sdiiv| 'bhaiyA' je naya jAnahiM bhed| tinake miTahiM sakala bhrmkhed||" prasiddha kavi 'dinakara' ne kahA hai- "jaina darzana kevala zArIrika- ahiMsA taka hI sImita nahIM, pratyuta vaha bauddhika ahiMsA ko bhI anivArya batAtA hai, yaha bauddhika ahiMsA hI jaina darzana kA anekAntavAda hai|''45 samyaktva aura mithyAtva sabhI dharma aura darzana jIva kA carama lakSya mokSa prApti ko mAnate haiM aura usake liye vibhinna upAya evaM sAdhanoM kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| jaina darzana mokSa prApti kA sAdhana samyak darzana jJAna aura caritra kI upalabdhi ko mAnatA hai| jaina-dharma meM inako ratnatraya aura triratna kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| tatvArthasUtra ke prathama sUtra meM hI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH|' / arthAt samyak darzana jJAna aura caritra kI prApti hI mokSa kA mArga hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne ratnatraya aura samyaktva para pRthaka graMtha to nahIM racA kintu unhoMne zrI nemicandra kRta dravyasaMgraha kA padyAnuvAda kiyA hai| dravyasaMgraha ke tIsare adhikAra meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra kA vistRta varNana hai| kavi ne usake anuvAda ke sAtha kucha bhAva vistAra bhI kiyA hai| dravya saMgraha meM bhI ratnatraya ko mokSa kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI isako mokSa kA mArga batAte hue kahate haiM "darzana sujJAna cAritramaya, yaha hai parama svarUpa mm| kAraNa su mokSa ko Apu taiM, cidvilAsa cidrUpa krm||" (186)

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ina tInoM se tAtparya kyA hai ? jIvAdi sAta tatvoM kI saccI zraddhA karanA samyagdarzana, ina tatvoM kA saccA jJAna, samyagjJAna, aura Atmatatva ko prApta karane kA samyakAcaraNa hI samyakcAritra kahalAtA hai| isa mArga para ArUr3ha hone se hI janma maraNa kA dukha dUra ho niHzreyasa yA mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne tatvArtha sUtra meM kahA hai'tatvArthazraddhAnam smygdrshnm|' arthAt tatvoM (sAta) para zraddhA karanA hI samyak darzana hai| tatva sAta haiM- jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokss| inakA samyak jJAna honA hI samyagjJAna hai tathA tadanurUpa AcaraNa hI samyak cAritra hai| dravya saMgraha (anuvAda) meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne samyak darzana isa prakAra batAyA hai"jIvAdi padArthani kI joMna saradhAnarUpa, ruci paratIti hoya nija para bhAsa hai| tAko nAma samyaka kahA hai zuddha darazana, jAke saradhAne viparIta buddhi nAza hai|| Atma svarUpa ko sudhyAna aise kahiyatu, jAke hota hota bahuguNa ko nivAsa hai|| samyaka darasa bhaye jJAnahu samyaka hoya, inhai Adi aura saba samyaka vilAsa hai||" vastutaH jo ina sAta tatvoM ko bhalI prakAra se jAna letA hai, usakA saMsAra ke prati dRSTikoNa hI parivartita ho jAtA hai| jIva aura ajIva kA jJAna hone para hI use jJAta ho jAtA hai ki jIva cetana, amUrta, zuddha evaM nirvikAra hotA hai, zarIra Adi jinheM vaha apanA samajhatA hai ve to vAstava meM para padArtha haiN| Asrava baMdha tatvoM kA jJAna hone para vaha jAna letA hai ki kisa prakAra karmaparamANuoM ne jIva ko baMdI banA rakhA hai, mokSa tatva jAna lene para use jJAta ho jAtA hai ki jIva ko ina karma-baMdhanoM se mukti prApta karanI hai aura yahI usakA lakSya hai, saMvara aura nirjarA tatva use isI lakSya kI prApti kA upAya batAte haiN| yahI samyak jJAna hai| taba zarIra se usakA mamatva ghaTane lagatA hai, isako vaha apane se bhinna para-padArtha samajhane lagatA hai, sAMsArika padArtha usake lie tuccha aura nagaNya ho jAte haiM yahI samyak darzana hai aura aise vyakti ko samyagdRSTi kahate haiN| isake anurUpa AcaraNa karanA hI samyak cAritra haiN| (187)

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AtmA kA apane svarUpa meM lIna honA samyak darzana, Atma svarUpa kA jJAna samyak jJAna tathA AtmA meM lInatA hI samyak cAritra hai| paM0 daulatarAma jI ne yahI bAta sundara zabdoM meM vyakta kI hai "para dravyana taiM bhinna Apa meM ruci samyaktva bhalA hai; Apa rUpa ko jAna pano so, samyagjJAna kalA hai| Apa rUpa meM lIna rahe thira, samyagcAritra soI; aba vyavahAra mokSa maga suniye, hetu niyata ko hoii||"46 AtmA ke vikArI bhAvoM ko dUra karane kI dRSTi rakhakara hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya aura saMcaya ke bhAvoM kA tyAga karanA tathA loka-vyavahAra meM nyAya, sadAcAra Adi kA pUrNa dhyAna rakhanA samyak cAritra kahalAtA hai| samyaktva kA abhAva hI mithyAtva hai| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ne ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra meM aisA hI kahA hai| samyak jJAna ke abhAva meM jIva mithyAjJAnI rahatA hai, vaha saMsAra ke dRzya padArthoM ko hI satya jAnatA hai, apane ko zarIra rUpa hI mAnatA hai, zarIra se bhinna nahIM, yahI mithyAdarzana hai, aise hI jIva mithyAdRSTi kahalAte haiM aura isake anurUpa AcaraNa-sAMsArika padArthoM meM Asakta rahanA hI mithyA caritra hai| vastutaH mithyAtva saMsAra kA mUla hai to samyakatva dharma kaa| "samyaktva rUpI dRr3ha nIMva ke binA caritra rUpI mahala nahIM bana sakatA, isI kAraNa AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki "sammaM dhammo muulo"| samyaktva dharma kI jar3a hai| isake prApta hote hI kujJAna sujJAna aura kucAritra sucAritra ho jAtA hai| samyaktva hone se hI kartavyakartavya kA jJAna hokara Atmahita ke mArga meM yathArtha pravRtti hotI hai|" AcArya kuMdakuMda ne dharma kA mUla samyagdarzana ko hI kahA hai|47 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI samyaktva ko mokSamArga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| samyaktva kI mahimA tathA mithyAtvI jIva kI avasthAoM ke varNana se unakI lagabhaga samasta racanAeM ota prota haiM unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM yatra-tatra samyak darzana jJAna aura cAritra kI mahimA kA gAna kiyA hai, udAharaNa ke lie nimna chaMda prastuta hai "rAga doSa aru mohi, nAhiM nijamAhiM nirkkht| darzana jJAna cAritra, zuddha Atma rasa ckkht|| paradravyanasoM bhinna, cinha cetanapada mNddit| vedata siddha samAna, zuddha nija rUpa akhNddit||'"48 (188)

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bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa mithyAdRSTi kI vizeSatAeM batAte hue kahate haiM ki vaha apane zuddha svabhAva meM to ruci rakhatA nahI, zarIrAdi paradravyoM meM anurakta rahatA hai 44 'apane zuddha svabhAva soM, karai na kabahu prIta / lage phirahiM para dravyaso, yaha mUDhana kI rIta / / ' 149 yaha jIva anAdi kAla se isI ajJAnAvasthA meM bhaTaka rahA hai"piyo hai anAdi ko mahA ajJAna moha mada, tAhI taiM na zudhi mAhI aura paMtha liyo hai / / jJAna binA vyAkula hai jahAM tahAM girayo parai, nIca UMca Thaura ko vicAra nAhiM kiyo hai / / kibo birAne vaza tanahu kI sudhi nAhiM, bUDai saba kUpa mAhiM sunnasAna hiyo hai || aise mohamada meM ajJAnI jIva bhUli rahayo, jJAna dRSTi dekho bhaiyA kahA tAko jiyo hai / / "50 mithyAmati jIva saMsAra meM kisa prakAra lipta rahatA hai, Age isakA varNana karate hue bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kahate haiM "kou to karai kilola bhAminI soM rIjhi rIjhi, bAhIsoM saneha karai kAmarAga aNgmeN|| ko to lahai anaMda lakSa koTi jori jori, lakSa lakSa mAna karai lacchi kI taraMgameM / / kou mahAzUrabIra koTika gumAna karai, raMgameM / / " mo samAna dUsaro ne dekho koU jaMgameM / / kahaiM kahA 'bhaiyA' kachu kahivekI bAta nAhiM, saba jaga dekhiyatu rAgarasa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne vibhinna rUpaka kathAoM ke mAdhyama se bhI jIva kI isI mithyAtva dazA kA varNana kiyA hai| cetana karmacaritra meM kavi ne batAyA hai ki cetana rUpI rAjA anAdi kAla se kumati rAnI ke prabhAva meM hai, eka dina usakI dUsarI rAnI sumati use saceta karatI hai to rAnI kumati rAjA cetana se ruSTa hokara apane pitA rAjA moha ke pAsa calI jAtI hai, tadanantara rAjA cetana tathA rAjA moha ke bIca ghoraM yuddha hotA hai aura cetanarAja kI vijaya hotI hai| (189)

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isI prakAra zata aSTottarI meM bhI jIva rUpI rAjA kumati rUpI dAsI ke sAtha bahuta samaya se krIr3A karatA A rahA hai, rAnI sumati use bhAMti-bhAMti se saceta karatI hai "dAsIna ke saMga khela khelata anAdi bIte, ajahuM loM va buddhi kauna caturAI haiM / / X X X inahI kI saMgata sauM saMkaTa aneka sahe, jAni bUjha bhUla aisI sudhi gaI hai || Avata parekho haMsa ! mohi ina bAtana ko, "" cetanA ke nAtha ko acetanA kyoM bhaI hai || madhu binduka caupAI meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne jIva ke saMsAra meM atyadhika lipta hone kA bahuta hI sundara rUpaka bAMdhA hai| saMsAra rUpI vana meM bhaTakate hue jIva kAla rUpI gaja se bhayabhIta hokara bhAgatA huA eka vizAla vaTavRkSa kI zAkhA pakar3akara laTaka jAtA hai| nIce eka kUpa hai jisameM se sarpa aura ajagara phana phailAe hue usake girane kI pratIkSA kara rahe haiM, udhara kAla rUpI gaja vRkSa ke tane ko hilA rahA hai| zAkhA para eka madhu kA chattA lagA hai, vRkSa ke hilane se usameM se madhu bindu eka eka kara girate haiM, jinake svAda meM jIva itanA lipta ho jAtA hai ki anya vipattiyoM kI upekSA kara detA hai| Upara se rAta dina rUpI do cUhe usa zAkhA ko kATa rahe haiM kintu jIva phira bhI magna hai| eka vidyAdhara udhara se jAte hue, isa jIva kA uddhAra karane ke lie Thahara jAtA hai, use ubAra lenA cAhatA hai kintu jIva bAra bAra yaha kahakara 'basa eka bUMda madhu aura pA lUM' usI meM magna rahatA hai, vidyAdhara calA jAtA " eka bUMda chattA so khirai| so abake mere mu~ha girai / / tAko abhIM cakha skhNg| taba maiM calUM tumAre saMga / / jaba vaha bUMda parI mukha maahiN| taba dUjI para mana lalacAhiM || aba yaha jo AvegI sahI / to calahuM kucha dhoko nahI / / dUjI bUMda parI mukha jaan| taba tIjI para karI pichAna / / X X X vidyAdhara dai hAka pukAra | nikalai nahIM calyo taba hAra / / " ajJAnI jIva kI yahI dazA hai (190)

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"madhu kI bUMda viSai sukha jaan| jiMha sukha kAja rahyo hitmaan|| jyoM nara tyoM viSayAzrita jiiv| iha vidhi saMkaTa sahai sdiiv|" isI prakAra bhaiyA jI ne suA battIsI meM jIva kA sue ke rUpa meM bhI rUpaka bAMdhA hai "yaha saMsAra karmavana ruup| tAmahi cetana suA anuup|| par3hata rahai guruvacana vishaal| tohu na apanI kare sNbhaal|| lobha nalina pai baiThe jaay| viSaya svAda rasa laTake aay|| pakarahi durjana durgati prai| tAme dukha bahuta jiya bhrai||" jaba taka jIva isa bhramapUrNa avasthA meM par3A huA hai taba taka usakA uddhAra kisI prakAra bhI sambhava nahIM hai, kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke zabdoM meM dekhiye"mithyA bhAva joloM toloM bhramasoM na nAtoM Tai, mithyA bhAva jauloM tauloM karma soM na chuuttiye|| mithyA bhAva joloM tauloM samyaka na jJAna hoya, mithyA bhAva jauloM toloM ari nAhiM kuuttiye|| mithyA bhAva jauloM tauloM mokSa ko abhAva rahai, mithyA bhAva jauloM tauloM parasaMga juuttiye|| mithyA ko vinAza hotaM pragaTai prakAza jota, sudhau mokSa paMtha sudhaiM neku na ahuuttiye||''51 isa mithyA dazA se jIva kI mukti ke prayAsa hetu hI kavi ne use bhAMti bhAMti se upadeza diye haiN| kahI usane zarIra kI nikRSTatA kI ora usakA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai to kahI usakI nazvaratA kI ora, aura kahIM jIva se zarIra kI bhinnatA ko samajhAyA hai| pratyeka kA eka eka udAharaNa draSTavya haizarIra kI nikRSTatA"sAta dhAtu milana hai mahA durgandha bharI, tAsoM tuma prIta karI lahata anaMda hau|| naraka nigoda ke sahAI jai karana paMca, tinahI kI sIkha saMci calata suchaMda hauN||" zarIra kI nazvaratA "kAhe ko deha soM neha karai tua, aMta ko rAkhI rahaigI na terii|| merI hai merI kahA karai lacchisauM, kAhakI haike kaha rahI nerii||''52 (191)

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bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne jIva se zarIra kI bhinnatA kA jJAna karAne ke lie bahuta hI upayukta upamAna khoje haiM vastra aura zarIra kI bhinnatA ke samAna hI zarIra aura AtmA meM bhinnatA hai"lAla vastra pahire so deha to na lAla hoya, lAla deha bhaye haMsa lAla tau na maaniye|| vastra ke purAne bhaye deha na purAnI hoya, ___ deha ke purAne jIva jIrana na maaniye|| vasana ke nAza bhaye deha ko na nAza hoya, deha ke na nAza haMsa nAza na bkhaaniye|| deha darba pudgala kI cidAnaMda jJAnamayI, doU bhinna bhinna rUpa 'bhaiyA' ura aaniye||"53 manuSya jIvana bhara jina sAthI sambaMdhiyoM ke lie pApa karma karatA hai, unameM se anta meM koI sAtha nahIM detA, ataH unake lie pApa gaTharI bAMdhane se kyA lAbha ? bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke zabdoM meM dekhie"saMga tere kauna calai dekha tu vicAra hiye, putra ke kalatra dhana dhAnya yaha kAya re|| jAke kAja pApa kara bharata hai piMDa nija, vai hai ko sahAya tere narka jaba jAya re|| tahAM tau akelo tUhI pApa puNya sAthI doya, ___ tAmeM bhalo hoya soI kIjai haMsarAya re||''54 apane svarUpa se anabhijJa mAnava lakSyahIna idhara-udhara bhaTakatA phiratA hai, vaha bAhyADambaroM meM hI dharma mAnatA hai, bhaiyA bhagavatatIdAsa ne aise jIvoM ko bAra-bAra saceta kiyA hai, yathA"keU phirai kAna phaTA, keU zIsa dharai jaTA ke lie bhasma vaTA bhUle bhaTakata hai|| keU taja jAhiM aTA, keU dharai cerI caTA, keU paDhe paTa keU dhUma gaTakata haiN|| keUtana kie laTA, keU mahA dIsaiM kaTA, keU tarataTA keU rasA laTakata hai|| bhrama bhavataiM na haTA hiye kAma, nAhi ghaTA, viSai sukha raTA sAtha hAtha paTakata hai||"55 (192)

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samyaktva ke abhAva meM mithyAdRSTi jIva sacce aura jhUThe deva zAstra guru meM antara nahIM kara pAtA aura sacce devoM ke bhrama meM kudevoM kI upAsanA karatA hai| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke zabdoM meM dekhie"apane svarUpa ko nA jAnai Apa cidAnanda, vahai bhrama bhUli vahai mithyA nAma pAvai hai|| deva guru graMtha paMtha sAMca ko na jAne bheda, jahAM tahAM jhUThe dekha mAna zIsa nAvai hai|| soI to kupaMtha jo kuzIlI pazu deva kahai, soI to kupaMtha jo kuliMgI pUje Dara se||''55 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne kore pustakIya jJAna ko bhI anupayogI batAyA hai| aise jJAna se kyA lAbha jise vyavahArika jIvana meM hI nahIM apanAyA gayA aura na hI hRdaya usake anurUpa huA, aise jJAnI vyakti kI dazA to usa karachI ke samAna hai jo rasa vyaMjana se bhare pAtra meM ghumAI jAtI hai kintu svayaM tanika sA bhI rasa nahIM grahaNa kara paatii| draSTavya hai prastuta chanda, "jopai cAroM veda paDhe racipaci rIjha rIjha, paMDita kI kalA meM pravIna tU kahAyo hai|| dharma vyavahAra grantha tAhUke aneka bheda, tAke paDhe nipuNa prasiddha tohi gAyo hai|| Atamake tatva ko nimitta kahUM raMca pAyo, ___ tosoM tohi granthanimeM aise ke batAyo hai|| jaise rasa vyanjani meM karachI phirai sadIva, mUDhatA subhAvasoM na svAda kachu pAyo hai||"7 isa prakAra kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jIva ko mithyAtva tyAgane kA aneka prakAra se upadeza dete haiN| ve prANI ko jina vANI (jinhoMne apane vikAroM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai, unake dvArA diyA huA upadeza) para zraddhA rakhakara samyaktva ko apanAne kA saMdeza dete haiM "mithyAmata nAsaveko jJAnake prakAzaveko, ___ApApara bhAsaveko bhAnasI bakhAnI hai|| chahoM dravya jAnaveko baMdha vidhi mAnave ko, ApApara ThAnave ko parama pramAnI hai|| (193)

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anubho batAyaveko jIva ke jatAyave ko, kAhu na satAyave ko bhavya ura AnI hai|| jahAM tahAM tArave ko pArake utArave ko, sukha vistArave ko yahai jinavAnI hai||''58 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa mAnava ko samyak AcaraNa karane kA saMdeza dete hue kahate haiM"pApapariNAma tyAga hiMsAteM nikasi bhAga, dharma ke paMtha lAga dayAdAna krre|| zrAvaka ke vrata pAla graMthana ke bheda pAla, lagai doSa tAhi TAla adhaniko hrre|| paMca mahAvratadhari paMca hU samiti kari, tInahu gupati vari teraha bheda crre|| kahai sarvajJa deva cAritra vyohAra bheva, lahi aisA zIghrameva bega kyoM na trre||"59 jaba jIva SaTa dravya tathA sAta tatvoM kA jJAna prApta kara letA hai to 'sva' aura 'para' kA antara svataH hI mAna letA hai aura aisA hote hI mithyAtva kA aMdhakAra chaMTane lagatA hai aura samyaktva kA prakAza vikIrNa hone lagatA hai| saMsAra se rAgadveSa chUTane lagatA hai aura hRdaya meM zItalatA kA prasAra hone lagatA hai, ye hI jIva samyak dRSTi kahalAte haiN| kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne samyagdRSTi kI mahimA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai"svarUpa rijhavAre se, suguNa matavAre se, sudhA ke sudhAre se, suprANa dayAvaMta hai|| subuddhi ke athAha se, suriddhapAtazAha se, sumanake sanAha se, mahAbaThe mahaMta hai|| sudhyAna ke dharaiyA se, sujJAna ke karaiyA se, suprANa parakhaiyA se zakatI anaMta haiN|| savai saMghanAyaka se sarva bolalAyaka se, savai sukhadAyaka se samyak ke saMta hai||''60 isa prakAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne apanI racanAoM meM mithyAtva evaM samyaktva kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| unhoMne ina para saiddhAntika dRSTi kI (194)

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apekSA vyAvahArika dRSTi se hI adhika vicAra kiyA hai| upAdAna nimitta vicAra upAdAna nimitta vicAradhArA nitAnta jaina darzana ke kSetra kA viSaya hai| bahuta samaya se yaha vivAda calA AtA rahA hai ki upAdAna aura nimitta ina donoM meM se kauna adhika mahatvapUrNa hai| upAdAna do zabdoM se milakara banA hai upa-samIpa aura AdAna-grahaNa honaa| arthAt jisa padArtha ke samIpa meM se kArya kA grahaNa ho vaha upAdAna hai aura usa samaya jo parapadArtha anukUla upasthita hoM so nimitta hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa viSaya para eka pRthaka aura viziSTa kRti kI racanA kI hai 'upAdAna nimitta saMvAda' jisameM upAdAna aura nimitta do pAtroM ke rUpa meM paraspara vAda vivAda karate haiM, eka dUsare ke tarkoM kA khaMDana karate haiN| AtmA kI nija kI zakti upAdAna hai aura para saMyoga nimitta hai| DaoN0 hukumacanda bhArilla ke anusAra jo svayaM kAryarUpa pariNamita ho, use upAdAna kAraNa kahate haiN| jo svayaM kAryarUpa pariNamita na ho, parantu kArya kI utpatti meM anukUla hone kA Aropa jisa para A sake use nimitta kAraNa kahate haiN| ghaTa rUpa kArya kA miTTI upAdAna kAraNa hai aura cakra, daMDa evaM kumhAra nimitta kAraNa hai|' ina donoM kA sambandha anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai; kavivara 'bhaiyA' jI ke zabdoM meM "upAdAna nija zakti haiM jiya ko mUla svbhaav| hai nimitta parayoga teM banyo anAdi bnaav||" nimitta kA tarka hai ki sArA saMsAra isI bAta ko jAnatA hai ki guru upadeza ke binA jIva, mokSa ke mArga para nahIM cala sakatA hai| deva, guru, zAstra athavA jinendra bhagavAna kA nimitta pAkara hI jIva isa bhava sAgara ko pAra kara pAtA hai "nimitta kahaiM moko savai jAnata haiM saba loy| tero nAva na jAnahIM, upAdAna ko hoy|| deva jinezvara guru yatI, aru jina Agama saar| ihi nimitta teM jIva saba, pAvata haiM bhava paar||" nimitta ke prathama tarka kA khaMDana upAdAna isa prakAra karatA hai 'moko jAne jIva ve jo haiM smykvaan|' nimitta ko saMsAra jAnatA hai kintu upAdAna ko vidvAna aura samyagjJAnI jIva jAnate hai| jaise hIre ke pArakhI kevala jauharI (195)

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hI hote haiM aura koyale ko sArA saMsAra jAnatA hai kintu kevala isalie koyalA hIre kI apekSA mUlyavAna nahIM ho jAtA aura upAdAna nimitta ke dUsare tarka kA bhI nipuNatA se khaMDana kara detA hai "yaha nimitta iha jIva ko, milyo anantI baar| upAdAna palaTyo nahIM, tau bhaTakyoM sNsaar||" arthAt sacce jJAnI guru deva aura zAstroM kA samAgama jIva ko ananta bAra huA kintu usane apane svarUpa ko nahIM samajhA na hI vikasita kiyA ata: saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rhaa| isIlie upAdAna kI apanI zakti hI pramukha hai, yadi usameM apanI zakti hai taba to bAhaya saMyogoM se sahAyatA mila sakatI hai, yadi nija kI zakti hI nahIM hai taba kitane hI nimitta saMyogoM ke dvArA bhI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| kintu nimitta bhI tarka meM paryApta nipuNa hai, kahatA hai ki bhavya jIvoM ko jo kSAyika samyaktva (sthAyI rUpa se samyak jJAna jise eka bAra prApta kara lene para kabhI na kabhI mokSa prApta avazya hogA) hotA hai vaha kevala jJAnI athavA sAdhu muni ke samparka meM hI hotA hai, ataH mukti ke lie nimitta Avazyaka siddha huaa| "kai kevali kai sAdhu ke, nikaTa bhavya jo hoya, so kSAyaka samyak lahai, yaha nimitta bala joy||" itanA kahate hI upAdAna kI sUkSma dRSTi nimitta ke tarka kI durbalatA ko tatkAla hI pakar3a letI hai, vaha kahatA hai ki bhavya (jo kabhI na kabhI mokSa pAyegA) jIva ho to vaha kSAyika samyaktva grahaNa kara letA hai arthAt pratyeka sAmAnya jIva ise grahaNa nahIM karatA ataH yahA~ upAdAna kI nija kI zakti to svataH hI mahatvapUrNa siddha ho gaI ki jinameM nija kI zakti vidyamAna hai ve hI kevalI athavA sAdhu ke samparka meM kSAyika samyaktva grahaNa kara pAte haiM "kevali arU munirAja ke pAsa rahe bahu loy| pai jAko sulaTyo dhanI kSAyika tAkoM hoy||" bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa meM itane prANI jAte haiM kintu jinakA dhanI arthAt AtmA sulaTA huA hai vahI kSAyika samyaktva ko grahaNa karatA hai arthAt grahaNa karane vAlA to upAdAna hI hai| aba nimitta anya prakAra se tarka upasthita karatA hai- ki manuSya zarIra ke binA jIva kI mukti nahIM hotI, taba nimitta kI mahattA hai| kintu isa tarka kA bhI khaMDana kara diyA jAtA hai| mukti to (196)

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AtmA kI nija zakti ke dvArA hI hotI hai, zarIra to aura piMjare kA kArya karatA hai| nimitta kI mahattA kI jitanI bhI sambhAvanAeM haiM, kavi una sabako eka eka karake nimitta ke mukha se prastuta karavAtA hai aura upAdAna ke dvArA unakA khNddn| eka hI nimitta se vibhinna upAdAna apane-apane svabhAvAnusAra vibhinna bhAva grahaNa karate haiN| mArga meM eka mRta vezyA ko eka sAdhu, eka cora, eka viSayI puruSa tathA eka kutte ne dekhaa| sAdhu ne socA ki isane narajanma vyartha gavAM diyaa| cora ne socA ki ekAnta mile to isake AbhUSaNa utAra luuN| viSayI ne socA yadi ye jIvita hotI to maiM bhoga bhogatA aura kutte ne socA yadi ye saba cale jAyeM to maiM isake zarIra kA bhojana karUM|61 isa prakAra nimitta eka hI hai kintu pratyeka upAdAna apane-apane svataMtra svabhAva ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna prakAra se socate haiN| yadi nimitta hI mahatvapUrNa hotA to sabako eka hI prakAra se socanA cAhie thaa| nimitta kI ora se eka prayAsa aura hotA hai| yadi bAhya saMyoga kA koI mahatva nahIM to sUrya, candramaNi, agni ke prakAza meM hI netra kyoM dekhate haiM, aMdhakAra meM kyoM nahIM dekhate? "sUra soma maNi agni ke, nimitta lakheM ye nain|| aMdhakAra meM kita gayo, upAdAna dRga den||" upAdAna nimitta ke isa tarka ko bhI atyaMta kuzalatA se khaMDita kara detA hai kahatA hai "sUra soma maNi agni jo, karai aneka prkaash| naina zakti bina nA lakhai, aMdhakAra sama bhaas||" arthAt netroM meM yadi dekhane kI zakti hI nahIM to sUrya aura candramA kA prakAza bhI kisa kAma kA? kyA svayaM kI zakti ke binA ve dekha sakate haiM? nimitta kI tarkabuddhi zithila hone lagatI hai antataH vaha niruttara hokara parAsta ho jAtA hai aura upAdAna kI mahattA siddha ho jAtI hai "taba nimitta hArayo tahAM, aba nahiM jo bsaay| upAdAna zivaloka meM, pahucyo karma khpaay||" isa prakAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne upAdAna ko sampUrNa mahattA pradAna kI hai aura nimitta ko nitAnta mahatvahIna siddha kara diyA hai| kintu isa viSaya para sabhI vidvAna ekamata nahIM haiN| prAyaH adhikatara vidvAnoM ne nimitta kI mahattA ko (197)

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nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi jIva apane puruSArtha ke bala para hI, saba prakAra se vItarAga hokara mokSa pada kI prApti karatA hai kintu usameM bAhRya nimitta kAraNa bhI kucha mahatva rakhate haiN| ___ AcArya umAsvAti ne tatvArtha sUtra meM kahA hai 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm *62 arthAt paraspara nimitta honA yaha jIvoM kA upakAra hai| dharma aura adharma dravya kramazaH gati aura sthiti meM nimitta banate haiM avakAza denA AkAza kA upakAra hai| zarIra, mana vacana aura zvAsocchavAsa ye pudgala dravya ke upakAra haiN| isa prakAra dravya paraspara nimitta kA kArya karate haiN| saMsAra ke sAdhAraNa kAryoM se lekara mokSamArga ke prazasta kAryoM taka nimitta kAraNa kArya karate hai| jaina nyAya ke prasiddha graMtha 'prameya kamala mArtaMDa' meM aneka sthAnoM para kAryotpatti meM kAraNa kI anivAryatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| kAraNoM ke vyaMjaka kAraNa, avalamba kAraNa, upAdAna kAraNa, sahakArI kAraNa Adi usI mahAgraMtha meM spaSTa kiye gaye haiN| puruSArtha siddhayupAya meM amRta candra AcArya ne kahA hai ki jisa samaya jIva rAgadveSa moha bhAva rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, usa samaya una bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgala dravya Apa hI karma avasthA ko dhAraNa kara lete haiM aura jIva ke rAgadveSAdika bhAva bhI Apa se hI nahIM hote haiM, jaise-jaise dravya karma udaya meM Ate haiM vaise-vaise hI AtmA vibhAva bhAvarUpa pariNamana karatA hai| ata: jIva pahale se baMdhe karmoM ke nimitta rAgadveSAdi bhAva dhAraNa karatA hai aura jIva ke rAgadveSAdi bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgala karma zakti dhAraNa karate haiM isa prakAra nimitta kI mahattA siddha hotI hai| prasiddha jaina kavi paM0 daulata rAma jI ne apanI eka stuti meM jIva ke Atma kalyANa meM nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM bhagavAna kI vaMdanA kI hai "yaha lakhi nija dukha gada haraNa kAja, tuma hI nimitta kAraNa iilaaj|| jAne tAtaiM maiM zaraNa Aya, ucarauM nija dukha jo cira lhaay||63 kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa se pUrvavartI prasiddha jaina kavi paM0 banArasIdAsa ne bhI upAdAna nimitta sambaMdhI kucha dohoM kI racanA kI hai unhoMne nimitta kI mahattA ko nagaNya mAnA hai| kahate haiM sabhI vastueM svataMtra haiM, apane-apane svabhAvAnusAra kArya karatI haiM jaise jahAja pAnI meM binA pavana ke svataH hI saMtaraNa karatA rahatA hai (198)

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"sabai vastu asahAya jahAM tahAM nimitta hai kaun| jyoM jahAja paravAha meM tirai sahaja bina paun||' 64 prasiddha jainAcArya zrI kAnajI svAmI (sonagar3ha nivAsI) isI vicAradhArA ke prabala samarthaka haiN| unake vicAra se "upAdAna nimitta kI svataMtratA kA nirNaya kie binA kadApi samyagdarzana pragaTa nahIM hotaa| .... nimitta meM koI vizeSatA hai, kabhI kabhI nimitta kA asara hotA hai, kabhI kabhI nimitta kI mukhyatA se kArya hotA hai, isa prakAra kI tamAma mAnyatAeM ajJAnabhUlaka haiN| 65 isa prakAra isa kSetra meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ke bhinna-bhinna mata haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI nimitta kI mahattA ko bilkula asvIkAra kara diyA hai| unake vicAra se jIva apane, kevala apane puruSArtha se hI parama pada kI prApti kara sakatA hai| saMdarbha evaM TippaNiyA~ cirir o vor od o bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anAdi battIsikA, chaM0 saM0 28 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anAdi battIsikA, chaM0 saM0 9 paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, siddhisopAna, padya 4 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, davya saMgraha, mUla sahita kavitta baMdha, chaM0 2 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSThottarI, chaM0 saM0 85 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, davya saMgraha kavitta baMdha, chaM0 saM0 7 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 9 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaM0 saM0 24 9. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dravya saMgraha kavitta baMdha, chaM0 saM0 17 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anAdibattIsikA, cha) saM0 7 11. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dravya saMgraha kavitta baMdha, chaM0 saM0 19 12. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anAdibattIsikA, chaM0 saM0 11,14 13. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anAdibattIsikA, chaM0 saM0 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 14. paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI, jaina dharma, pR0 saM0 94 gurU gopAladAsa varaiyA, jaina jaoNgaraphI, gurU gopAladAsa varaiyA smRti graMtha, pR0 saM0 243 15. (199)

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16. 17. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, lokAkAza kSetra parimANa kathana, chaM0 saM0 2 AcArya umAsvAti, tatvArthasUtra, adhyAya 3, zloka saM0 7, 8 yati vRSabhAcArya, tiloyapaNNati, prathama bhAga, anuvAdaka paM0 bAlacanda zAstrI, pR0 saM0 22, 23 paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina dharma, pR0 saM0 226 DaoN0 bAsudeva siMha, apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR0 saM0 19. 20. 163 manuSya tiyaMda nArakI 22. 23. inameM cAra koNa, svarga, naraka, tiryaMca aura manuSya cAra gatiyoM ke pratIka haiN| usake Upara tIna bindu mokSamArga svarUpa-samyak darzana jJAna cAritra ke pratIka haiN| ardhacandra mokSa yA nirvANa kI kalpanA hai| draSTavya-DaoN0 jayakizana prasAda khaMDelavAla, jaina zAsana kA dhvaja, pR0 saM0 16 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, davya saMgraha kavitta baMdha, chaM0 saM0 14 buddhastvameva vibudhArcitabuddhibodhAt tvaM zaMkaro si bhuvntryshNkrtvaat| dhAtAsi dhIra! ziva mArga vidhervidhAnAt ___ vyaktaM tvameva bhgvn| puruSottamo si|| - mAnatuMgAcArya, bhaktAmara stotra, 25 vAM pdy| 24. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramAtma chattIsI, chaMda saM0 12, 13 25. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaMda saM0 35 26. DaoN0 prema sAgara jaina, hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi, pR0 saM0 2 27. paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra, siddhisopAna, chaMda saM0 13, 14 28. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, jinadharma pacIsikA, chaMda saM0 21 29. jaina siddhAnta ne AtmotthAna, vikAsa yA saMsAra avasthA se mokSa taka (200)

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pahu~cane ko caudaha zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, inako guNasthAna kI saMjJA dI hai| -zrI ratanalAla jaina, jaina dharma, pR0 saM0 108, 30. "jaina" vaha AtmA hai jo 'jayati' karmazatrUn iti jinaH' ke anusAra karma zatruoM ke jItane vAle deva ko yA paramAtmA ko apanA upAsya yA ArAdhya maane|" -zrI hIrA lAla pAMDe, 'jaina dharma aura karma siddhAnta', zrI tanasukha rAya smRti graMtha, pR0 saM0 374 31. pro0 mahendra kumAra jaina nyAyAcArya, jaina darzana, pR0 saM0 171 32. paM0 cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha, 'jaina dharma kA Atma tatva aura karma siddhAnta', mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, apraila 1964 pR0 saM0 125 se uddhRt| 33. pUraNa-galana dharmANaH pudgalaH jaina-lakSaNAvalI, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 saM0 712 se uddhRt| tathA 35. nyAya vaizeSika jisa dravya ko bhautika tatva aura vaijJAnika jise maiTara (Mater) kahate hai|, usI ko jaina darzana meM pudgala kI saMjJA dI gaI hai|" - zrI premakumAra agravAla, jaina evaM nyAya darzana meM karma-siddhAnta, zramaNa, navambara 1972 pR0 saM0 16 se uddhRt| 34. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Izvara nirNaya pacIsI, chaM0 saM0 23 AcArya umAsvAti, tatvArtha sUtra, 6, 1, 2 36. 'AtmA aura karmoM kA saMyoga sambaMdha hai ise hI jaina paribhASA meM eka kSetrAgAha sambaMdha kahate haiN| - paMDita caina sukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha, 'jainadharma kA Atma tatva aura karma siddhAnta', mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, apraila 1964 ii| - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNyapacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 19 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, akSarabattIsikA, chaM0 saM0 13 39. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, rAgAdinirNayASTaka, chaM0 saM0 5, 6 40. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, bAraha bhAvanA, chaM0 saM0 9, 10 41. AcArya umAsvAti, tatvArtha sUtra, 9, 2, 3. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, aSTakarma kI caupAI, chaM0 saM0 25 43. prasiddha vaijJAnika alabarTa AiMsaTIna kA 20vI zatAbdI kA mahatvapUrNa AviSkAra, sApekSavAda kA siddhAnta (Theory of Relativity) 42. (201)

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44. paramAgamasya bIja niSiddha jAtyaMdha siMdhura vidhaanN| saphala naya vilasitAnAM virodha maMthanaM nmaamynekaantN| arthAt maiM (amRtacanda AcArya) usa anekAnta ko namaskAra karatA hU~ jo paramAgama kA bIja hai jisane janmAMdha vyaktiyoM ke hAthI ke eka aMza ko pUrNa hAthI mAnane ke bhrama ko dUra kara diyA hai, tathA jo vastu nirUpaNa sambandhI virodhoM ko dUra karatA hai| -zrI amRta candra AcArya, puruSArtha siddhayupAya, chaMda saM0 2 / kavivara dinakara, anekAnta yA ahiMsAvAda, Agamapatha, nirvANa rajatazatI aMka, pR0 saM0 6 paM0 daulatarAma-chahaDhAlA, 3 sarI DhAla chaMda saM0 2 'daMsaNa mUlo dhammo, AcArya kundakunda, daMsaNapAhur3a gAthA, 2 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, jinadharma pacIsikA, chaM0 saM0 14 49. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, mUDhASTaka, chaMda saM0 2 50. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaMda saM0 38 51. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, mithyAtva vidhvaMsana caturdazI, chaMda saM0 12 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, zata aSTottarI, chaMda saM0 46, 90 53. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, caturdazI, chaMda saM0 10 54. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNya pApa jaga mUla pacIsI, chaMda saM09 55. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, subuddhi caubIsI, chaMda saM0 10 56. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, supaMtha kupaMtha pacIsikA, chaMda saM0 5, 21 57. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNya pacIsikA, chaMda saM0 23 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anitya pacIsikA, chaMda saM0 3 59. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dravya saMgraha mUla sahita kavitta baMdha, chaMda saM0 45 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, puNya pacIsikA, chaMda saM0 10 61. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, upAdAna-nimitta-saMvAda, cha) saM0 61 AcArya umAsvAti, tatvArthasUtra, 5, 21 paM0 daulatarAma, stuti, jaina pUjA saMgraha, pR0 saM0 310 se uddhRt| 64. kavivara banArasIdAsa, upAdAna nimitta dohA, mUla meM bhUla, pR0 saM0 124 se uddhRta 65. zrI kAnajI svAmI ke pravacana, mUla meM bhUla, pR0 saM0 115, 133 (202)

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adhyAya 7 mUlyAMkana evaM prdey bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karate samaya spaSTa ho gayA hai ki ve eka AdhyAtmika saMta aura bhakta kavi the| unake aMtara se jJAna, bhakti aura kAvya kI samanvita evaM pRthula dhArA pravAhita hotI rahI / vastuta: jJAna aura bhakti meM pArasparika virodha nahIM hai| " jaba vyakti arntamukhI hotA hai to vaha apanI pratibhA aura prakRti ke anurUpa yA to zraddhA ke mAdhyama se AtmA ko pAtA hai yA viveka ke / isa taraha adhyAtma ke hI do rUpa ho jAte haiM: eka bhakti kA aura dUsarA jJAna kA / zraddhA-bhakti mAnava ke vikAsa mArga kI pahalI maMjila hai| jJAna dUsarI aura vivekapUrNa AcaraNa tIsarI maMjila hai| zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa ke samanvaya kA hI nAma sarva-artha-siddhi hai aura yahI mokSa hai|" jJAna ke bhAra se bhakta kA hRdaya aura adhika vinamra ho jAtA hai tathA bhakti jJAna ko sarasatA evaM mAdhurya pradAna karatI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM jJAna aura bhakti donoM kA hI sundara samanvaya hai| unhoMne bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM namana karane ke pazcAt hI pratyeka racanA kA Arambha kiyA hai kintu unakI bhakti korI andhazraddhA nahIM thI, usakI pRSThabhUmi meM puSTa jIvanadarzana hai| ve jAnate haiM ki " "maiM hI siddha paramAtamA, maiM hI Atama rAma / / maiM hI jJAtA jJeya kA cetana mero nAma / / 12 pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti vidyamAna hai, taba donoM meM antara kyA hai ve svayaM batAte hai " Izvara so hI AtmA, jAti eka hai ta / / karma rahita Izvara bhaye, karmarahita jgjNt|| 113 AtmA aura paramAtmA meM koI tAtvika bheda nahIM hai, sAMsArika jIva karma - mala se yukta hote haiM tathA karma-mala se vimukta hokara ye hI paramAtmA bana jAte haiM, kintu isa vAstavikatA ko manuSya dRSTibhrama ke kAraNa dekha bhI nahIM pAtA (203)

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14 " jo paramAtama siddha maiM, so hI yA tana mAhiM / / moha maila dRga lagi rahyo tAtaiM sUjhe nAhiM || moharUpI mala ke kAraNa hI usakI dRSTi meM vikAra AtA hai aura yaha moha hI samasta karma - baMdhana kA mUla " karmana kI jara rAga hai, rAga jare jara jAya / pragaTa hota paramAtamA, bhaiyA sugama upAya / / isa prakAra mAnava jIvana kA dhyeya karma-baMdhana se mukti prApta karanA hI hai| karma ke baMdhana DhIle hote hI jIva kA brahmatva prakaTa hone lagatA hai kintu rAga-dveSa se mukta honA koI sarala kArya nahIM, yaha to atyanta kaThina sAdhanA ke pazcAt hI sambhava hai, ataH jaina dharma meM kaThina puruSArtha kA hI mahatva hai, vahA~ avatAravAda ko koI mAnyatA nahIM dI gii| anya dharmoM ke samAna vahA~ Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA athavA niyAmaka nahIM mAnA jAtA, na vaha kisI ko sukha detA hai, na kisI ko duHkha, jo svayaM vItarAga hai vaha kisI ko sukha, kisI ko duHkha, kyoMkara degaa| aisI sthiti meM bhakta ko bhagavAna kI upAsanA se kyA lAbha hai? bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kahate haiM - "jyoM dIpaka saMyoga taiM, battI karai udota | | tyoM dhyAvata paramAtamA, jiya paramAtama hota / / 6 115 jisa prakAra prajjvalita dIpaka ke samparka se bujhI huI vartikA jala uThatI hai usI prakAra bhagavAna ke anupama guNoM kA dhyAna karane se bhakta ke hRdaya meM vaisA hI banane kI lau-laga jAtI hai, usake pariNAma zuddha hone lagate haiM aura karma - mala svayaM hI chUTane lagate haiN| ataH bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM adhyAtmamUlA bhakti kA utkarSa hai / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne kAvya kA sRjana svAntaH sukhAya kiyA thA, kintu parvatoM ke vakSasthala phor3akara jo nirjhara svataH hI phUTa par3ate haiM, ve jana jana ko tRpta karate haiN| unhoMne sva- AtmA ko nAma diyA hai 'cetana' aura usakI prabodhanA hI unake kAvya kA abhISTa hai| vibhinna rUpakoM Adi ke mAdhyama se ve usako saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA evaM nissAratA, zarIra kI nikRSTatA, manuSya janma kI durlabhatA Adi se paricita karAnA tathA saMsAra se virakta karanA cAhate haiN| ataH unake kAvya meM nava rasoM meM zAnta rasa, aura bhakti ke kSetra meM zAntA bhakti kI dhArA pravAhita ho rahI hai| jaina dharma meM Izvara meM kartRtva zakti kA (204)

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Aropa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, ataH usase kisI bhI prakAra kI yAcanA karanA nirarthaka hai, phira bhI jaina bhakta dIna banakara Izvara se kucha na kucha mAMga hI baiThatA hai| aura kucha nahIM to bhakti aura mukti kI hI yAcanA karatA hai jaise kavivara dyAnatarAya kA prastuta pada "merI bera kahA DhIla karI jii| sUlI so siMhAsana kInA, seTha sudarzana vipati harI jii|" kintu bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM isa prakAra ke dainya bhare yAcanA ke svara kahIM sunAI nahIM pdd'te| ve cetana ko bhagavad bhakti ke lAbha batAkara bhAMti-bhAMti se samajhAte to haiM kintu Izvara se kucha nahIM maaNgte| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki unakI bhakti bhAvanA jaina-dharma ke siddhAntoM ke anukUla hai| __ bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya meM zAnta rasa pramukha hai| vIra, vIbhatsa aura adbhuta jaise viparIta prakRti ke rasoM kA zAMta rasa ke sahAyaka rUpa meM AnA bhI mahatva kI bAta hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI racanAeM kAvya ke donoM rUpoMprabaMdha tathA muktaka meM milatI haiN| unhoMne adhyAtma jaise gambhIra viSaya ko atyanta kuzalatA se prabandhAtmakatA pradAna kara sarasa aura sarala banA diyA hai| cetanakarma-caritra tathA madhubinduka caupAI khaMDakAvya unakI prabandhapaTutA ke sundara udAharaNa haiN| unake pratyeka chaMda kA svataMtra rUpa meM bhI pUrNa rasAsvAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai| zeSa saba kRtiyA~ AdhyAtmika bhAvoM tathA saiddhAntika vivecana se bharapUra haiM, ataH unheM choTe aura lambe muktakoM kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| upamA, rUpaka, sAMgarUpaka, anyokti, dRSTAnta, virodhAbhAsa Adi arthAlaMkAroM tathA anuprAsa aura yamaka Adi zabdAlaMkAroM kA sauMdarya yatra-tatra bikharA par3A hai| cetanakarma-caritra jaise vistRta sAMgarUpaka hindI sAhitya meM virala hai| padyoM ko bhAvoM ke anukUla vividha chaMdoM meM baddha karanA atyaMta samartha kavi ke vaza kI hI bAta hai| dohA, caupAI, kavitta, savaiyA, durmila savaiyA, chappaya, kuMDaliyA, anaMgazekhara Adi unake priya chaMda hai| kavittoM para unakA vizeSa adhikAra thaa| laya evaM saMgItAtmakatA se yukta hokara unake bhAvapUrNa padya apanI nirAlI chaTA vikIrNa kara rahe haiN| alaMkAra tathA chaMda unake kAvya meM saprayAsa nahIM apitu sahaja svAbhAvika rUpa meM Aye haiN| unakI bhASA oja, mAdhurya aura prasAda tInoM guNoM se yukta hai| ataH unake kAvya ke anubhUti evaM abhivyakti donoM hI pakSa atyanta utkRSTa haiN| (205)

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bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke kAvya kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana evaM mUlyAMkana karane ke pazcAt vibhinna kSetroM meM unake yogadAna evaM mahatva para vicAra karanA ucita hogA, ye nimnalikhita haiM- (1) dhArmika, (2) sAmAjika, (3) sAMskRtika, (4) saahityik| dhArmika bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jaina dharmAvalambI the, unheM saMskRta, apabhraMza tathA prAkRta meM jaina sAhitya kI samRddha paramparA paitRka sampatti ke rUpa meM prApta huI thI, jisameM adhikatara jaina-dharma ke siddhAntoM kA gUr3ha vivecana upalabdha thaa| spaSTa hai ki dharma kA saiddhantika vivecana vaha bhI dUsarI bhASAoM meM, sAmAnya janatA ko bodhagamya nahIM ho pAtA aura na hI vaha use AkRSTa kara pAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM janamAnasa dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa se anabhijJa hI raha jAtA hai tathA usameM aneka vikRtiyAM vyApta hone lagatI haiN| aise samaya meM AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hotI hai ki koI unheM dharma kA saccA svarUpa sIdhe sarala aura rocaka DhaMga se unakI apanI bhASA meM btaaye| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne yahI kiyA hai| unake pUrvavartI jaina kavi banArasIdAsa, paM0 hIrAnanda Adi ne bhI aisA prayAsa kiyA thaa| kavivara banArasIdAsa ne samayasAra nATaka ke rUpa meM karma-siddhAnta kA sarala aura sarasa spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| paM0 hIrAnanda ne kuMdakuMdAcArya kRta paMcAstikAya kA prAkRta se sarala hindI meM padyAnuvAda kiyaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isa paramparA ko agrasara kiyaa| unhoMne AcArya nemicandrakRta dravya-saMgraha kA prAkRta se hindI meM padyAnuvAda kiyA, jisameM sRSTi nirmANa ke SaTa-dravya, karmasiddhAnta ke sAta tatva tathA mokSa mArga svarUpa ratnatraya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma ke gUr3ha evaM AdhArabhUta siddhAntoM ko unhoMne sIdhI sarala hindI meM janatA ke sammukha prastuta kiyaa| isake atirikta dharma ke siddhAntoM ko unhoMne vyAvahArika rUpa pradAna kiyaa| sAmAnya janatA ke lie dharma kA saiddhAntika vivecana utanA mahatva nahIM rakhatA jitanA usakA vyAvahArika ruup| una cha: dravyoM kA anAdi astitva, jinase sRSTi kA nirmANa huA hai, astitva ke tIna lakSaNa,- dhrauvya, vyaya, utpatti tathA Izvara ke akartRtva ko ve atyaMta sarala bhASA meM hRdayagrAhI DhaMga se prastuta karate haiM "chahoM su dravya anAdi ke, jagata mAhi jyvNt| ko kisa hI kartA nahIM, yoM bhAkhai bhgvNt|| (206)

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apane apane sahaja saba, upajata vinazata vst| hai anAdi ko jagata yaha, ihi parakAra smst||'"8 karma-baMdhana meM baMdI AtmA kI dazA ko ve atyadhika AkarSaka DhaMga se do hI paMktiyoM meM prakaTa kara dete haiM "ye hI AThoM karmamala, inameM garbhita hNs| inakI zakti vinAza ke, pragaTa karahi nijvNs||" isake atirikta dharma kI kaThina sAdhanA ko unhone kathA kahAnI kA rUpa dekara AkarSaka rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai, jisa prakAra auSadhi kI kaTutikta goliyoM ko cInI se AveSTita kara diyA jAtA hai, jisase grahaNa karane vAle ko usakI kaTutA kA jarA bhI AbhAsa nahIM ho paataa| usI prakAra cetanajIva ke dvArA jJAna viveka saMyama Adi kI sahAyatA se moha, ajJAna, lobha, krodha Adi para vijaya cetana-karma-caritra meM, kAla kI bhayAnakatA tathA jIva kI asahAya avasthA madhu-binduka caupAI meM, indriyoM kI lolupatA paMcendriya saMvAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai| isa prakAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne adhyAtma ke nIrasa aura zuSka saiddhAntika vivecana ko sarasa rUpa pradAna kiyaa| sAmAjika tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM kA adhyayana karate samaya hama dekha cuke haiM ki tatkAlIna samAja vibhinna prakAra ke aMdha-vizvAsoM tathA vikRtiyoM se grasta thaa| AcaraNa ke koI mApadaMDa na the, anaitikatA kA bolabAlA thA, dharma ke nAma para bAhya ADambara hI zeSa raha gaye the| aise samaya meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne jana-samAja ke sammukha dharma kA vAstavika svarupa rakhane kA prayAsa kiyaa| unhoMne apanI samasta racanAoM meM jIva ko mithyAbuddhi kA tyAga karake Atma-kalyANa kI ora agrasara hone kA saMdeza diyA hai| udAharaNArtha eka kavitta prastuta hai"naradeha pAye kahA paMDita kahAye kahA, tIratha ke nahAye kahA tIra to na jaihai re| lacchi ke kamAye kahA accha ke aghAye kahA, __chatra ke dharAye kahA chInatA na aihai re| keza ke muMDAye kahA, bheSa ke banAye kahA, jobana ke Aye kahA, jarAhU na khaihai re| (207)

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bhrama ko vilAsa kahA, durjana meM vAsa kahA, Atama prakAza vina pIche pachataihai re||10 isa prakAra unhoMne samAja ko dharma ke bAhya nahIM apitu Antarika pakSa se avagata karAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| sAMskRtika auraMgajaiba kA zAsanakAla sAmAnya hindU janatA ke liye vipattikAla thaa| usakI dharmAndhatA, bhedabhAvapUrNa nIti, hindU dharma ke prati vidveSa, maMdiroM tathA mUrtiyoM kA bhaMjana, dAruNa vyathA ke viSaya the| hindU ke liye hindU honA hI aparAdha thaa| aisI nairAzya kI sthiti meM eka ora to bhaktikAla ke bhakta kaviyoM kI vANI kI gUMja unake hRdaya ko Izvara ke prati AsthA se anuprANita kara rahI thI tathA dUsarI ora jaina bhakta kavi karma-siddhAnta kA saMdeza dekara unameM santoSa sudhA kI varSA kara rahe the| yahI kAraNa hai ki itane bhISaNa AghAtoM ko sahakara bhI hamArI saMskRti kA vizAla bhavana sudRr3ha banA rhaa| isake atirikta muslima saMskRti kA vilAsitA kA tatva jana jana meM vyApata ho gayA thaa| apane zAsakoM tathA sAmantoM ke anukaraNa para janamAnasa kanaka, kAminI aura kAdamba meM vyasta thA, kAminI ke eka kaTAkSa para athavA kAdamba ke eka pyAle para saba kucha nyauchAvara kara dene kI hor3a lagI huI thI, aisI sthiti meM zarIra ke sthala sauMdarya kI upekSA, deha kI nikRSTatA, saMsAra kI asAratA evaM anityatA kA saMdeza dekara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jaise AdhyAtmika kavi caMcala janamAnasa para aMkuza lagAne kA kArya kara rahe the| vilAsitA tathA zrRMgAra kI usa A~dhI meM bhI hamArI adhyAtma pradhAna saMskRti kA vaTa-vRkSa dharAzAyI nahIM ho gayA isakA zreya inhIM kaviyoM ko hai jo zAnta rasa kI dhArA se usakI jar3oM kA siMcana kara rahe the| sAhityika hindI sAhitya ke rItikAlIna kaviyoM ko AcArya vizvanAthaprasAda mizra ne tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| rIti siddha kavi, rItibaddha kavi tathA rIti-mukta kvi|1 isa dRSTi se bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA sthAna rItimukta kaviyoM meM nirdhArita hotA hai kyoMki unhoMne na to saMskRta ke lakSaNa-graMtha likhane kI paramparA ko apanAyA aura na hI ve unase prabhAvita the| alaMkAra Adi unake kAvya meM sahaja svAbhAvika rUpa meM Aye haiN| ve bhAvAbhivyakti ke sAdhana hI (208)

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bane rahe, sAdhya nahIM bne| citrakAvya tathA kucha anya camatkArapUrNa zailiyoM ke rUpa meM una para usa yuga kA jo prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai vaha nagaNya hai| zrRMgAra rasa kI jo saritA usa yuga meM pravAhita ho rahI thI aura adhikAMza kavi jisameM AkaMTha-magna ho rahe the vaha unakA sparza bhI na pA sakI ataH ve rItikAla meM rahate hue bhI rItimukta kavi the| kintu kevala rItimukta kavi kahane se unakI pramukha vizeSatAeM aprakAzita hI raha jAtI haiN| rIti mukta kavi to ghanAnaMda bhI the, ThAkura bhI the, bodhA bhI the kintu kyA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko bhI usI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai? aisA karane para unake prati pUrNa nyAya nahIM ho sktaa| vastutaH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa likhane vAle navIna lekhaka 'rItikAla ke bhakta evaM saMta kaviyoM kA eka pRthaka varga banAyeM jinameM 'brahma meM vilAsa karAne vAle kAvya' ke racayitAoM ko sthAna diyA jAye, tabhI bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jaise AdhyAtmika kaviyoM ko hindI sAhitya meM ucita sthAna tathA sammAna prApta ho skegaa| sabhI tathyoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue hama ni:saMkoca kaha sakate haiM ki bhaiyA bhagatavIdAsa rItikAlIna rItimukta kavi hI nahIM apitu eka AdhyAtmika saMta evaM bhakta kavi the, jinake kAvya meM jJAna aura bhakti kI dhArA sAtha-sAtha pravAhita ho rahI hai| sAtha hI ve eka ucca koTi ke kavi bhI the| ataH hindI sAhitya kI bhUmi ko zAnta-rasa kI kAvya-dhArA se siMcita karane meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| saMdarbha evaM TippaNiyA~ lakSmIcandra jaina, adhyAtma-padAvalI (saM0 DaoN0 rAjakumAra jaina) ke Amukha pR0 saM0 11 se uddhRt| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramAtma chattIsI, chaM0saM0 12 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Izvara nirNaya pacIsikA, chaM0saM0 23 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramAtma chattIsI, chaM0saM0 9 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, paramAtma chattIsI, chaM0saM0 18 . bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, jinadharmapacIsikA, chaM0saM0 26 (209)

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9. sampAdaka DaoN0 rAjakumAra jaina, adhyAtma padAvalI, pR0 saM0 295 se uddhRt| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anAdi battIsikA, chaM0saM0 2, 26 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, aSTakarma kI caupAI, chaM0saM0 25 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, anitya pacIsikA, chaM0saM0 9 AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, hindI sAhitya kA atIta (2), zRMgArakAla, vibhAjana tathA sImA ke antrgt| 11. (210)

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pariziSTa graMtha ma tyavahata jainadharma kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI OM 1. akRtrima caitya evaM caityAlaya- akRtrima anAdi anighana deva pratimAeM tathA deva mNdir| 2. adhAtiyA karma- aSTakarmoM meM se cAra karmoM- Ayu, nAma, gotra, vedanIya kA smuuh| ye karma AtmA ke svarUpa kA kicita ghAta karate haiN| __ ar3hAI dvIpa- madhya loka meM jambUdvIpa, dhAtakI khaMDa dvIpa tathA arddha puSkara dvIpa paryanta aDhAI dvIpa kahalAtA hai| isameM hI manuSya kI gati hai isase bAhara nahIM hai isIlie ise manuSya loka bhI kahate haiN| 4. aNuvrata- gRhastha ke lie hiMsA, asatya, staya (cArI) abrahmacarya tathA parigraha ina pA~ca pApoM kA yathAsambhava tyAga aNuvrata kahalAtA hai tathA inakA pUrNata: tyAga hI mahAvrata kahalAtA hai| 5. ananta catuSTaya- anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha, anantavIrya- ye cAra guNa kevalI arahaMta bhagavAna ke prakaTa hote haiN| anAyatana- (SaTa anAyatana)- mithyAdarzana Adi ke AdhAra anAyatana haiM jo chaH mAne gaye haiM- kudeva, kugurU, kudharma tathA ina tInoM ke sevk| 7. antarAya- vighn| muni ke AhAra sambandhI vidhna jinake ghaTita hone para muni AhAra grahaNa nahIM krte| 8. anuprekSA- vairAgyabhAva lAne ke liye jina bhAvanAoM kA bAra-bAra cintana kiyA jAye unhIM 12 bhAvanAoM ko anuprekSAeM kahate haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM: 1. anitya, 2. azaraNa, 3. saMsAra, 4. ekatva, 5. anyatva, 6. azuci, 7. Amrava, 8. saMvara, 9. nirjarA, 10. loka, 11. bodhidurlabha, 12. dhrm| 9. abhavya- jina jIvoM meM saMsAra se mukta hone kI yogyatA nahIM hotI ve jIva abhavya kahalAte haiN| 10. arahaMta- parameSThI ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se eka bhed| cAra ghAtiyA karmarUpI ari ko naSTa karane ke kAraNa ye arihaMta athavA arahaMta kahalAte haiN| ye hI sakala paramAtmA haiN| (211)

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11. aSTakarma- dekhiye krm| aSTa prAtihArya- dekhiye praatihaary| 13. alokAkAza- jaina bhUgola ke anusAra AkAza dravya ke do bheda haiM lokAkAza tathA alokaakaash| sarvavyApI alokAkAza ke madhya meM lokAkAza sthita hai| usake cAroM ora sarvavyApI ananta alokakAza hai| isameM kevala AkAza dravya hI pAyA jAtA hai| 14. asteya- corI kA tyaag| AkAza- sRSTi ke AdhArabhUta chaH dravyoM meM se eka dravya jo samasta dravyoM ko sthAna detA hai| isake do bhAga haiM lokAkAza tathA alokaakaash| Asrava- karmoM kA AnA Asrava hai| karma siddhAMta se sambandhita sAta tatvoM meM se eka bheda, dekhiye ttv| 17. IryA- muniyoM kI pA~ca samitiyoM meM se eka samiti- jIva dayA ke liye cAra hAtha Age dekhakara calanA IryA samiti hai| 18. utpAda- dravya ke tIna lakSaNoM meM se eka lakSaNa, utpttishiiltaa| 19. upazama- samyagdarzana ke tIna bhedoM meM se eka bhed| 20. upazama zreNI- aSTama, navam, dazam, ekAdaza guNasthAnoM kI eka shrennii| 21. Urdhva gati- jIva UrdhvagAmI hotA hai| mRtyu ke pazcAta yadi karmabaMdhana use na rokeM to vaha loka ke agrabhAga meM pahu~ca kara sthita ho jAtA hai| arthAta mukta ho jAtA hai, usakA punarjanma nahIM hotaa| ailaka- gyAraha pratimAdhArI utkRSTa zrAvaka jo eka vastra, laMgoTI mAtra dhAraNa karate haiN| 23. om- pA~ca parameSThI nAma mNtr| pAMcoM parameSThI ke prathama akSara ke yoga se nirmita, yathAarahaMta kA a, siddha (azarIra) a, AcArya A, upAdhyAya u, sAdhu (muni) m, a + a + A + u + m = om karma- karmavargaNA rUpa pudagala ke skaMdha, jIva ke rAgadveSAdika pariNAmoM ke nimitta se jIva ke sAtha baMdha jAte haiN| baMdhane se pahale ye karma-vargaNA kahalAte haiN| karma ke mUla bheda ATha haiM- 1. jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvaraNa, 3. mohanIya, 4. antarAya, 5. Ayu, 6. nAma, 7. gotra, (212)

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25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 8. vedniiy| prathama cAra samUha kA ghAtiyA karma tathA antima cAra kA samUha aghAtiyA karma kahalAtA hai| kaSAya- krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke bhAva, jinake kAraNa saMsArI jIvoM ke karmoM kA baMdhana hotA hai| kAlalabdhi- kisI karma ke udaya hone ke samaya kI prApti / kevalajJAna - ( kaivalya ) - pUrNa jJAna / kevalI - sarvajJa vItarAga arahaMta paramAtmA / kSapaka- aSTama, navam, dazam tathA dvAdaza guNasthAna kI eka zreNI / kSapaka zreNI car3hane vAle muni 11veM guNasthAna kA sparza nahIM krte| kSAyika - samyagdarzana kA eka bheda / kSAyika samyagdRSTi kSAyika samyaktva ko dhAraNa karane vAlA jIva samyagdRSTi kahalAtA hai| kSAyopazamika - samyagdarzana kA eka bheda, ise hI vedaka kahate haiN| kSullaka- gyAraha pratimAdhArI uddiSTa bhojana kA tyAgI zrAvaka, laMgoTI tathA eka anya vastra ( cAdara ) dhAraNa karatA hai| jo eka gati - isa saMsAra meM jIva cAra gatiyoM-naraka, tiryaca, deva tathA manuSya meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| guNa- aSTa guNa jo siddhoM ke prakaTa hote haiM- 1. kSAyika samyaktva, 2. anantadarzana, 3. anantajJAna, 4. anantavIrya, 5. sUkSmatva, 6. avagAhanatva, 7. agurulaghutva, 8. avyAvAdhatva / muni ke liye 28 mUla guNa Avazyaka haiM- jo isa prakAra haiM- 5 mahAvrata, 5 samiti, 5 paMcendriya - nirodha, 6 Avazyaka, 7 prakIrNaka, ( kezalauMca, nagna rahanA, asnAna, bhUmizayana, adantagharSaNa, dina meM kevala eka bAra bhojana tathA khar3e hokara bhojana lenA) guNasthAna- mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ke kAraNa jIva ke aMtaraMga pariNAmoM meM pratikSaNa hone vAle utAra-car3hAva kA nAma guNasthAna hai, ye caudaha haiM- 1- mithyAtva 2 - sAsAdana samyagdRSTi, 3- samyak mithyAtva, 4- asaMyata samyagdRSTi, 5 - dezavirat, 6- pramatta saMyata, 7 apramatta saMyata, apUrvakaraNa, 9- anivRttikaraNa, 10- sUkSma sAmparAya 11 - upazAMta kaSAya, 12 - kSINa kaSAya, 13- sayoga kevalI, 14- ayoga kevalI / 8 (213)

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37. gupti- mana, vacana va kAya ke nigraha karane ko gupti kahate haiN| ye tIna prakAra kI hotI hai- managupti, vacana gupti, kAya gupti| 38. jJAna- jJAna ke pA~ca prakAra haiM- mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryaya, kevl| 39. ghAtiyA karma- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya, antarAya, ina cAra karmoM kA samUha ghAtiyA karma kahalAtA hai| jIva- SaTa dravyoM meM se eka dravya jisameM cetanA guNa pAyA jAtA hai| ye pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM- ekendriya, divendriya, trIndriya, caundriya, pNcendriy| tatva- karma siddhAnta se saMbaddhita sAta tatva hote haiM- 1- jIva, 2- ajIva, 3- Asrava, 4- baMdha, 5- saMvara, 6- nirjarA, 7- mokss| isameM pApa puNya kA yoga karake nava tatva bhI mAne jAte haiN| tapa- 12 prakAra ke tapa hote haiM- 6 bahiraMga-anazana, avamaudarya (bhUkha se kama bhojana karanA) rasa parityAga, vRtti parisaMkhyAna (koI niyama lekara AhAra ke liye jAnA) vivikta zayyAsana, kaayklesh| 6 ataraMga-prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, kutsarga, (mamatA moha kA tyAga), dhyaan| trasajIva- dvindriya se paMcendriya taka zarIradhArI jiiv| 44. sanAlI (vasanAr3I)- lokAkAza ke madhya meM eka rAjU lambI, eka rAjU caur3I, 14 rAjU U~cI naalii| isameM trasa jIva rahate haiN| trigupti- dekhiye gupti| trimUr3hatA- loka mUr3hatA, devamUr3hatA, guru mUr3hatA, tIna prakAra kI andha zraddhA trimUr3hatA kahalAtI hai| triratna (ratanatraya)- mokSamArgasvarUpa tIna ratna- samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra triratna athavA ratnatraya kahalAte haiN| triloka- dekhiye lokaakaash| thAvara- dekhiye sthaavr| 50. dAna- cAra prakAra kA dAna- AhAra dAna, zAstradAna, auSadhi dAna, abhydaan| divyadhvani- kevalI bhagavAna ke mukha se prakaTa hone vAlI megha kI garjanA ke samAna dhvani, jise sunane vAle apanI-apanI bhASA meM sunate aura samajha lete haiN| . 52. deva- cAra prakAra ke hote haiM- 1- bhavanavAsI, 2- vyaMtara, 3- jyotiSI, 4- klpvaasii| (214)

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54. 57. 53. doSa- (aThAraha doSa) bhagavAna aThAraha doSoM se mukta hote haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM- kSudhA, tRSNA, jarA, roga, janma, maraNa, bhaya, mada, rAga, dveSa, moha, cintA, arati, nidrA, vismaya, viSAda, sveda aura khed| dravya- (SaTa dravya) guNoM kA samUha dravya hai| dravya chaH haiM- inhIM se sRSTi kA nirmANa huA hai| ye isa prakAra haiM- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kaal| dravya ke tIna lakSaNa hote haiM, utpAda, prauvya, vyy| 55. dvAdaza tapa- dekhiye tp| 56. dvAdazAMga vANI- 1- AcArAMga, 2- sUtrakRtAMga, 3- sthAnAMga, ___4- samavAyAMga, 5- vyAkhyAprajJaptyAMga, 6- dharma kathAMga, 7- upAsakAdhvayanAMga, 8- aMta: kRdRzAMga, 9- anuttarauyapAdikadazAMga, 10- prazna vyAkaraNAMga, 11- vipAka sUtrAMga, 12- dRSTi vaadaaNg| dharma- AtmA ko unnata karane vAle tatva dharma haiM jo isa prakAra haiM 1- uttama kSamA, 2- uttama mArdava, 3- uttama Arjava, 4- uttama zauca, 5- uttama satya, 6- uttama saMyama, 7- uttama tapa, 8- uttama tyAga, 9- uttama akiMcana, 10- uttama brhmcry| 58. dhyAna- cAra prakAra ke haiM- Arta, raudra, dharma va shukl| 59. dhrauvya- dravya ke tIna lakSaNoM meM se eka, sthaayitv| 60. nandIzvara dvIpa- madhyaloka ke bIcobIca se AThavAM dviip| 61. nigoda- bahuta se jIvoM kA eka hI zarIra hotA hai usa zarIra ko nigoda tathA una jIvoM ko nigoda zarIrI jIva kahate haiN| 62. nimitta- (upAdAna nimitta)- jo svayaM kAryarUpa meM pariNata hote haiM ve upAdAna kAraNa kahalAte haiN| aura jo kArya ke sampanna hote samaya anukUla kAraNa upasthiti hote haiM, unheM nimitta kAraNa kahate haiN| niSkala- zarIra rhit| paMcamagati- mokSa, nirvaann| paMcAstikAya- kAla dravya ke atirikta zeSa pA~ca dravya- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma tathA aakaash| 66. paramANu- sabase choTA pudgala jisakA bhAga na ho ske| 67. parameSThI-(paMca parameSThI) inheM hI paMcaguru bhI kahate haiM- arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, saadhu| 64. 65. (215)

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70. 68. pariNAma- pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM- audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura paarinnaamik| ye hI bhAva kahalAte haiN| 69. parISaha- 22 prakAra ke ksstt| mana ko vicalita kiye binA inako sahanA parISaha jaya kahalAtA hai| ye isa prakAra haiM- grISma, zIta, kSudhA, tRSA, daMzabhaSaka, zayyA, vadhabaMdha, caryA, tRNasparza, glAni, roga, nagna, ratiarati, strI, mAna-apamAna, thira, kuvacana, ayAcanA, ajJAna, prajJA, adarzana, alAbhA pApa- pApa pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM- hiMsA, asatya, caurya, abrahmacarya, prigrh| 71. pratimAeM- (ekAdaza pratimAeM) zrAvaka ke pAlanayogya dharma ko 11 zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, ye hI 11 pratimAeM kahalAtI haiM- 1- darzana, 2- vrata, 3- sAmayika, 4- proSadhopavAsa, 5- sacitta virati, 6- rAtribhojana tyAga, 7- brahmacarya, 8- ArambhatyAga, 9- parigraha tyAga, 10- anumati tyAga, 11- uddiSTa bhojana tyaag| 72. pradeza- AkAza ke choTe se choTe avibhAgI aMza kA nAma pradeza hai arthAt eka paramANu jitanI jagaha gheratA hai, use pradeza kahate haiN| 73. prAtihArya- (aSTa prAtihArya) kevala jJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt bhagavAna ke ATha zubha cihna aSTaprAtihArya kahalAte haiM- 1- azokavRkSa, 2- puSpavarSA, 3-duMdubhi, 4- Asana, 5- divyadhvani, 6- trichatra, 7- do camara, 8- prbhaamNddl| baMdha- karmoM kA AtmA se saMyukta honA baMdha kahalAtA hai| 75. bhavya- jina jIvoM meM saMsAra se mukta hone kI yogyatA hotI hai, ve jIva bhavya kahalAte haiN| 76. bhAva- dekhiye prinnaam| bhAvanAeM- dekhiye anuprekssaa| 78. mahAvrata- ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha kA pUrNataH paaln| 79. mohanIya karma- aSTakarmoM meM se eka prabala krm| 80. mokSa- bhavabhramaNa se mukti hI mokSa hai| yojana- 4545.45 mIla (jainendra siddhAnta koza ke anusaar)| 82. ratanatraya- dekhiye trirtn| 21 (216)

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83. rAjU- 4545.45 x 2057172 x 6 x 30 x 24 x 60 x 540000 mIla (jainendra siddhAnta koza ke anusAra) 84. lokAkAza- AkAza kA vaha bhAga jo chaH dravyoM se nirmita hai| lokAkAza ke bAhara kevala AkAza dravya hai, jo alokAkAza kahalAtA hai| lokAkAza ko hI loka athavA triloka kahate haiN| isakI U~cAI 14 rAjU haiM moTAI (uttara-dakSiNa dizA meM sarvatra 7 rAjU tathA caur3AI pUrva-pazcima dizA meM) mUla meM 7 rAjU, dhIre-dhIre kama hokara 7 rAjU kI U~cAI para eka rAjU punaH kramazaH bar3hakara sAr3he dasa rAjU kI U~cAI para 5 rAjU tathA kramazaH ghaTate-ghaTate anta meM caudaha rAjU kI U~cAI para kevala eka rAjU hai| isake tIna bhAga haiM, Urdhva, madhya tathA adholok| mUla se sAta rAjU kI U~cAI taka adholoka tatpazcAta 1 lAkha yojana taka madhya loka, tatpazcAt 14 rAjU kI U~cAI para loka ke anta taka Urdhvaloka hai| 85. vikalatraya- dvindriya, trIndriya, caturindriya jiiv| videha kSetra- jambU dvIpa meM 46000 yojana meM niSadha aura nIla parvatoM ke antarAla meM eka kssetr| vidyAdhara- kucha vidyAoM ke dhAraNakartA vidyAdhara kahalAte haiN| 88. vyaya- dravya ke tIna lakSaNoM meM se eka, vinaashshiiltaa| zrAvaka- jindhrmaavlmbii| SaT anAyatana- dekhiye anaaytn| 91. SaT Avazyaka- muni ke liye 6 Avazyaka dharma- 1- sAmAyika, 2 stuti, 3- vandanA, 4- svAdhyAya, 5- pratikramaNa (apanI dinacaryA kA avalokana), 6- kaayotsrg| SaTkarma- gRhoM ke liye SaTa Avazyaka kArya- 1- devapUjA, 2- guru kI upAsanA, 3- svAdhyAya, 4- saMyama, 5- tapa, 6- daan| SaTkAya jIva- 1- pRthvI kAyika, 2- jalakAyika, 3- agnikAyika, 4- vAyukAyika, 5- vanaspati kAyika tathA trsjiiv| 94. sakala- zarIra shit| sakala paramAtmA- arahaMta bhgvaan| 95. samavazaraNa- vaha sabhAsthala jahA~ tIrthakara kevala jJAna prApti ke pazcAt dharmopadeza dete haiN| 89. (217)

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96. samiti- muni ke liye sAvadhAnIpUrvaka karane yogya pAMca kArya samiti kahalAte haiM- 1- IryA, 2- bhASA, 3- aiSaNA, 4- AdAna nikSepaNa, 5 prtisstthaapn| 97. samudghAta- kevalajJAnI jIva kI jaba Ayu alpa zeSa raha jAtI hai tathA nAma, gotra aura vedanIya karma adhika hote haiM taba usakI AtmA ke pradeza mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara phailakara bAhara nikala jAte haiM, yahI samuddhAta 98. samyagdRSTi- vaha prANI jise samyagdarzana ho cukA ho| 99. saptabhaMgI- jaba hama koI bhI kathana karate haiM to kisI apekSA se karate haiN| kathana ke adhika se adhika sAta prakAra ho sakate haiM, inheM hI saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| ye isa prakAra haiM- 1- asti, 2- nAsti, 3- astinAsti, 4- avaktavya, 5- syAtasti, 6- syAt nAsti, 7- syAt astinaasti| 100. skaMdha- do yA do se adhika anantAnaMta paramANuoM ke paraspara baMdha ko skaMdha kahate haiN| 101. sthAvara- sparzanendriya sahita pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu tathA vanaspati-kAyika ekendriya jiiv| 102. siddha- jisa AtmA ke AThoM karma naSTa ho gaye ho tathA ATha guNa prakaTa ho gaye hoM, vaha zarIra rahita mukta AtmA siddha kahalAtI hai| 103. siddha zilA- lokAkAza kA agrabhAga jahA~ mukti ke pazcAt AtmAeM ananta kAla taka rahatI haiN| (218)

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saMdarbha-graMtha sUcI saMskRta graMtha 1. kAvya prakAza- AcArya mammaTa, bhaTTa vAmanAcArya kI TIkA sahita, SaSTha saMskaraNa, 1950 I0, bhaMDArakara oriyanTala risarca insaTiTyUTa, puunaa| kAvyAdarza- AcArya daMDI, vyAkhyAkAra AcArya rAmacandra mizra, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vaaraannsii| tatvArtha sUtra- AcArya umAsvAti, TIkAkAra va prakAzaka brahmacArI mUlazaMkara desAI, cAkasU kA cauka, jypur| nATyazAstra- zrI bharatamuni, sampAdaka DaoN0 raghuvaMza, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vaaraannsii| puruSArthasiddhayupAya- zrI amRtacandra AcArya, paM0 ToDaramala kRta TIkA sahita, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1950 I0, digambara jaina maMdira sarAya, rohtk| bhaktAmara stotra- zrI mAnatuMgAcArya, zrI maganalAla hIrAlAla pATanI, digambara jaina pAramarthika TrasTa, mAroTha (maarvaah)| mahAvIrASTaka stotra- zrI yogIndu, prakAzaka paM0 bAbUlAla jaina jamAdAra, akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina zAstri pariSada, bddaut| ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra- AcArya samantabhadra, paM0 sadAsukha dvArA sampAdita, anUdita evaM prkaashit| rUpa gosvAmI kRta bhakti-rasAmRta siMdhu- sampAdaka DaoN0 zyAmanArAyaNa pAMDeya, prathama saMskaraNa 1965, I0, sAhitya niketana, kaanpur| zAstrasAra samuccaya- AcArya mAghanandI, AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI kI TIkA sahita, pra0 zrI rAjendra kumAra jaina, naI dillii| sAhitya-darpaNa- AcArya vizvanAtha, prathama saMskaraNa, caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIz2a Aphisa, vaaraannsii| siddhabhakti- AcArya puujypaad| 13. svayaMbhU stotra- AcArya samantabhadra, paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra dvArA sampAdita evaM anUdita, 1951 I0 vIra sevA maMdira, srsaavaa| 11. 12. (219)

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1. 2. laM 6 prAkRta graMtha gommaTa sAra- AcArya nemicandra, paM0 ToDara mala kRta TIkA sahita, bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA ke mahAmaMtrI pannAlAla bAklIvAla dvArA prkaashit| tiloyapapNatti (bhAga-1)- yativRSamAcArya, saM0 pro0 AdinAtha jhA tathA pro0 hIrA lAla jaina, paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI dvArA anUdita, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, sholaapur| daMsaNapAhuDa- zrI kuNdkuNdaacaary| dravya saMgraha- zrI brahamadeva kI TIkA sahita, zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina graMthamAlA, dhanabAda, bihaar| paMcAstikAya- zrI kuNdkuNdaacaary| pravacanasAra- zrI kuNdkuNdaacaary| bhAvapAhuDa- zrI kuNdkuNdaacaary| samayasAra- zrI kuMdakudAcArya, sampAdaka paM0 pnnaalaal| sAhityAcArya, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNo gratha mAlA, vaaraannsii| apabhraMza graMtha paramAtma prakAza- zrI yogiindu| hindI graMtha adhyAtma padAvalI- sampAdaka DaoN0 rAjakumAra jaina, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1964 I0, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vaaraannsii| apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda- DaoN0 bAsudeva siMha, prathama saMskaraNa saM0 2022 vi0, samakAlIna prakAzana, vaaraannsii| ardhakathAnaka (kavi banArasIdAsa kRta)- sampAdaka paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bmbii| alaMkAra maMjUSA- lAlA bhagavAnadIna, navama saMskaraNa, saM0 2004 vi0, rAmanArAyaNa lAla, ilaahaabaad| alaMkAroM kA svarUpa vikAsa- DaoN0 omaprakAza, 1973 I0, nezanala pabliziMga hAUsa, dillii| auraMgajeba- sara yadunAtha sarakAra, nayA saMskaraNa 1970 I0, hindI graMtha ratnAkara bambaI, dillii| 1. (220)

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auraMgajeba ke upAkhyAna- sara yadunAtha sarakAra, prathama saMskaraNa 1967 I0, zivalAla agravAla eMDa kampanI, aagraa| 8. kabIra kAvya saMgraha- saM0 DaoN0 rAjezvara prasAda caturvedI, pra0 1969 I0, vinoda pustaka maMdira, aagraa| 9. kabIra-graMthAvalI- saM0 DaoN0 zyAmasundara dAsa, pAMcavAM saMskaraNa saM0 2011, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kaashii| 10. kabIra graMthAvalI- saM0 DaoN0 pArasanAtha tivArI, prathama saMskaraNa 1961 I0, hindI pariSada, prayAga vizvavidyAlaya, ilaahaabaad| 11. kabIra bIjaka- saM0 DaoN0 zukadeva siMha, prathama saMskaraNa 1972 I0, nIlAbha prakAzana, ilaahaabaad| kavivara banArasIdAsa jIvanI aura kRtitva- DaoN0 ravIndra kumAra jaina, prathama saMskaraNa 1966 I0, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vaaraannsii| 13. kavi-priyA- kezavadAsa, kezava graMthAvalI khaMDa 1, saM0 zrI vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, hindustAnI aikeDamI, ilaahaabaad| 14. kAmAyanI ke adhyayana kI samasyAyeM- DaoN0 nagendra, pra0 1962 I0, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dehlii| 15. kAvya-darpaNa- vidyAvAcaspati paM0 rAmadahina mizra, caturtha saMskaraNa 1960 I0, graMthamAlA kAryAlaya, pttnaa| 16. kAvya-pradIpa- paM0 rAmabahorI zukla, caudahavAM saMskaraNa, 1964 I0, hindI-bhavana, jAlaMdhara aura ilaahaabaad| kAvya-kalpadruma prathama bhAga (rasamaMjarI)- seTha kanhaiyAlAla poddAra, paMcama saMskaraNa, saM0 2004, vi0 jagannAtha prasAda zarmA, cUr3IvAloM kA makAna, mthuraa| 18. kSullaka cidAnanda smRti graMtha- pradhAna sampAdaka gorelAla zAstrI, cidAnanda smRti graMtha prakAzana samiti, dropagiri, chtrpur| gurU gopAladAsa varaiyA graMtha- mukhya saM0 siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandrazAstrI, . prathama saMskaraNa 1967 I0, akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina pariSada, saagr| 20. cintAmaNi (bhAga eka)- AcArya rAmacandra zukla, 1956 I0, iMDiyana presa, pryaag| (221)

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21. cetana-karma-caritra (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kRta)- paM0 pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya dvArA padyAnuvAda sahita, prathama saMskaraNa 1970 I0, digambara jaina pustakAlaya, suurt| chahaDhAlA (paM0 daulatarAma kRta)- zrI maganalAla jaina ke dvArA anuvAdita, zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa sonagar3ha, (sauraassttr)| chaMda vijJAna kI vyApakatA- paM0 harizaMkara zarmA, ratana prakAzana mandira, aagraa| chaMda-prabhAkara- sAhityavAcaspati jagannAtha prasAda 'bhAnukavi' navam saMskaraNa . 1939 I0, jagannAtha presa, bilaaspur| jaina zodha aura samIkSA- DaoN0 prema sAgara jaina, prathama saMskaraNa 1970 I0, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIra jI, jypur| jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi- DaoN premasAgara jaina, prathama saMskaraNa 1963 I0, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii| 27. jaina zAsana kA dhvaja- DaoN0 jayakizana prasAda khaMDelavAla, vIra nirvANa saMvat 2499, vIra-nirvANa bhAratI, mertth| jaina dharma- paM0 kailAza candra jaina zAstrI, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1955 I0, bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, mthuraa| jaina dharma- muni suzIla kumAra, prathama saMskaraNa 1958 I0, akhila bhAratIya zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphreMsa bhavana, naI dillii| jaina dharma- zrI ratanalAla jaina, prathama saMskaraNa 1974 I0, akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina pariSada pabliziMga hAUsa, dillii| jaina darzana- pro0 mahendra kumAra jaina, prathama saMskaraNa, 1955 I0, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina graMthamAlA, kaashii| 32. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa- zrI nAthUrAma premI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1956 I0, hindI graMtha ratnAkara, bmbii| tanasukha rAya jaina smRti graMtha- sampAdaka maMDala- zrI jainendra kumAra jaina, __ zrI akSaya kumAra jaina, zrI yazapAla jaina, tanasukharAya jaina smRti-graMtha samiti, dillii| 34. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha- DaoN0 hukumacanda bhArilla, prathama saMskaraNa 1974 I0, paM0 ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jypur| (222)

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35. dArAzikoha- DaoN0 kAlikA raMjana kAnUnago, prathama saMskaraNa 1958 I0, gayAprasAda eMDa saMsa, aagraa| 36. paM0 ToDaramala vyaktitva aura kRtitva- DaoN0 hukumacanda bhArilla, prathama saMskaraNa 1973 I0, paM0 ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jypur| 37. paMcAstikAya- paM0 hiiraannd| priyA-prakAza (kavi kezavadAsa kRta kavi-priyA)- TIkAkAra lAlA bhagavAnadIna, dvitIya saMskaraNa, saM0 2014 vio, kalyANadAsa eMDa bradarsa, jJAnavANI, vaaraannsii| 39. brajabhASA- DaoN0 dhIrendra varmA, 1954 I0, hindustAnI ekeDamI, ilaahaabaad| brahmavilAsa- bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, prathama saMskaraNa 1903 I0, jaina graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bmbii| brahmavilAsa- bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1926 I0, jaina graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bmbii| bihArI ralAkara- sampAdaka zrI jagannAtha dAsa 'ratnAkara', graMthakAra zivAlA, bnaars| bolacAla- paM0 ayodhyA siMha upAdhyAya 'hariaudha', dvitIya saMskaraNa saM0 2013 vi0, hindI sAhitya kuTIra, bnaars| bhArata kA itihAsa- DaoN0 AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstava, caturtha saMskaraNa 1974 I0, zivalAla agravAla eMDa kampanI, aagraa|| bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga (1)- sampAdaka balabhadra jaina, prathama saMskaraNa 1974, I0, bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrtha kameTI, hIrAbAga bmbii| bhArata meM saMskRti evaM dharma- DaoN0 ema0 ela0 zarmA, prathama saMskaraNa 1969 I0, rAmA pabliziMga hAUsa, baDauta (mertth)| bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi (khaNDa 2)- DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii| bhAratIya jyotiSa- zrI nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya, prathama saMskaraNa 1952 I0, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii| bhAratIya darzana- zrI baladeva upAdhyAya, zAradA maMdira, bnaars| 50. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna- DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakAzana 1962 I0, madhya pradeza zAsana, sAhitya pariSada, bhopaal| (223)

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51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. mugala sAmrAjya kA kSaya aura usake kAraNa - indravidyAvAcaspati / mUla meM bhUla- ( bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa evaM kavi banArasIdAsa kRta dohoM para kAnajI svAmI ke pravacana) - prAptisthAna Atmadharma kAryAlaya, moTA AMkaDiyA (kaatthiyaavaadd')| rasa siddhAnta- DaoN0 nagendra, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillii| rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM kI graMtha sUcI (cAra bhAga )DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahAvIra jI, jypur| rIti kAvya kI bhUmikA- DaoN0 nagendra, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1953 I0, , gautama buka Dipo, dillI / vinayapatrikA- tulasIdAsa, SaSTha saMzodhita saMskaraNa, saMvat 2007 vi0, sAhitya sevA sadana, banArasa / zAstrIya samIkSA ke siddhAMta- DaoN0 govinda triguNAyata, esa0 cAMda eMDa kampanI, dillii| zrAvaka dharma saMskRti - sva0 darayAva siMha jI soMdhiyA, prathama saMskaraNa 1975 I0, vIra sevA maMdira, dillI / saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya - rAmadhArI siMha 'dinkr'| siddhi sopAna - paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, hindI graMtha ratnAkara, bambaI / sUra vinayapatrikA- sampAdaka sudarzana siMha, gItApresa gorakhapura / " hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi- DaoN0 premasAgara jaina, prathama saMskaraNa 1964 I0, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI / hindI jaina sAhitya kA parizIlana ( bhAga 1 ) - zrI nemicandra jaina zAstrI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1956 I0, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii| hindI jaina sAhitya kA parizIlana ( bhAga 2 ) - zrI nemicandra jaina zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii| hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa- paM0 nAthUrAma premI, hindI graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI | hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa - sva0 zrI kAmatA prasAda jaina / hindI nIti kAvya- DaoN0 bholAnAtha tivArI, prathama saMskaraNa 1958 I0, vinoda pustaka maMdira, aagraa| hindI bhASA aura sAhitya kA itihAsa- AcArya caturasena zAstrI, vidyArthI saMskaraNa, gautama buka Dipo, dillii| (224)

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69. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa (bhAga 2)- vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, prathama saMskaraNa samvat 2017 vi0, vANI vitAna prakAzana, vaaraannsii| 70. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa- AcArya rAmacandra zukla, AThavAM saMskaraNa, samvat 2009 vi0, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kaashii| 71. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla- AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1957 I0, bihAra rASTra bhASA pariSada, pttnaa| 72. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA- DaoN0 AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI, SaSTha saMskaraNa 1959 I0, hindI graMtha ratnAkara, bmbii| 73. hindI sAhitya kA vRhta itihAsa, SaSTha bhAga- sampAdaka DaoN0 nagendra prathama saMskaraNa, samvat 2015 vi0, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kaashii| 74. hindustAna ke nivAsiyoM kA itihAsa- DaoN0 taaraacnd| hastalikhita graMtha brahmavilAsa- bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, lipikAla saMvat 1778 vi0, prApti sthAna nayA maMdira (jaina maMdira) dharmapurA, dillii| brahmavilAsa- bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, lipikAla saMvat 1881 vi0, prApti sthAna digambara jaina purAnA paMcAyatI maMdira AbUpurA, mujphphrngr| brahmavilAsa- bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, lipikAla samvat 1939 vi0, prApti sthAna jaina maMdira, bijnaur| koza graMtha devanAgarI urdU-hindI koza- saM0 rAmacandra varmA, hindI graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bmbii| jainendra siddhAnta koza (bhAga cAra )- kSullaka jinendra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prkaashn| jaina lakSaNAvalI (bhAga 1 va 2)- sampAdaka bAlacaMdra siddhAnta zAstrI, vIra sevA maMdira, dillii| bRhat jaina zabdArNava (prathama khaNDa)- sampAdaka zrI bI0 ela0 jaina caitanya, saM0 1982 vi0, caitanya presa, bijnaur| bRhat jaina zabdArNava (dvitIya khaNDa)- saM0 brahmacArI zItalaprasAda 1930 I0, digambara jaina pustakAlaya, suurt| hindI zabda sAgara- nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kaashii| hindI sAhitya koza- pradhAna saM0 DaoN0 dhIrendra varmA, jJAna maMDala limiTeDa, bnaars| (225)

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1. 23 + vivo o 2. 3. 4. 5. tulasI prajJA, pravezAMka janavarI, mArca 75, Io nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, varSa 67 aMka 4, solahavAM vivaraNa (1935-36). 7. mahAvIra jayaMtI smArikA, apraila 1964, I0 6. patrikAeM anekAnta, pharavarI, mArca 1942, pharavarI 1944, disambara, janavarI 1944-45, navambara 1956, pharavarI 1957, mArca 1957, apraila 1957, agasta 1971, tathA apraila 1972. ahiMsAvANI, sitambara 1969, Io Agamapatha, nirvANa rajata zatI aMka, jaina saMdeza, zodhAMka agasta 1964, Io 8. mahAvIra jayaMtI smArikA, 1973 I0 rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jypur| 9. mahAvIra jayaMtI smArikA, 1975 I0 rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura | mAnasa mayUkha, varSa 2, aMka 1. 10. 11. mukti dUta bhagavAna, mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava samApana, smArikA navambara, 1975, I0. vIra vANI, varSa 2, aMka 1, 3 apraila 1948, I0. 12. 13. 14. zramaNa navambara 1972, tathA navambara, disambara 1973, 30. hastalikhita hindI pustakoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa, dvitIya khaMDa / (226)

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cetanA ! caritra !! ekatA !!! akhila bhAratIya sAhitya kalA maMca sthApanA 'akhila bhAratIya sAhitya kalA maMca' kI apanI sAhityika gatividhiyoM, apane aneka prakAzanoM tathA hindI ke pracAra-prasAra ke apane pAradarzI uddezyoM ke kAraNa bhale hI dazakoM purAnA-sA lage kintu apanI umra se bahuta bar3A-sA lagane vAle isa maMca kI umra mAtra 18 varSa hai| varSa 1988 meM 4 mArca ko maMca ke saMsthApaka adhyakSa DaoN. maheza 'divAkara' DI0 liTala (hindI), adhyakSa va rIDara, hindI vibhAga, gulAba siMha hindU (snAtakottara) mahAvidyAlaya, cA~dapura (bijanaura) ke AvAsa para Ayojita goSThI meM yaha maMca vaicArika stara para astitva meM aayaa| maMca ne apanI yAtrA 'navajAta sAhityakAra maMca' ke nAma se Arambha kii| Arambha meM isakA svarupa aura kSetra kevala cA~dapura taka sImita thaa| kucha hI samaya meM janapada kI sImAe~ pAra kara isane kaI prAntoM ke sudhI pAThakoM/sAhityakAroM ko apanI nijatA kA paricaya diyaa| vistRta svarupa va kSetra ke anurupa kucha parivartana ke sAtha maMca ko 1992 meM 'sAhitya kalA maMca' nAma diyA gyaa| maMca ke sAhityika kAryoM meM nirantara phailAva hotA rhaa| apane Arambha se maMca ne aneka mahatvapUrNa kAryakrama Ayojita kie| aneka kAvya saMkalanoM va anya sAhityika graMthoM kA prakAzana kiyaa| akhila bhAratIya stara para sAhityika pratiyogitAeM Ayojita kI gii| kucha pramukha patrikAoM meM sAhityakAroM . ke vizeSAMka prakAzita karAye gye| maMca kI ora se aba taka aneka kAvya-saMkalanoM aura graMthoM kA prakAzana va sampAdana kiyA gyaa| vastutaH inhIM kucha upalabdhiyoM ke kAraNa 'sAhitya kalA maMca' ne bhArata ke lagabhaga hara pradeza ko suvAsita kiyA hai| phalataH 'kAryakAriNI' ne apane sAhityakAroM ke parAmarza para varSa 1996 meM isakA svarupa 'akhila bhAratIya sAhitya kalA maMca' kara diyaa| sAtha hI 'maMca' ne barelI, meraTha, phaijAbAda, naimiSAraNya, lakhanaU, sultAnapura, gAjiyAbAda, prayAga Adi nagaroM meM apanI zAkhAe~ sthApita kI hai, aura yaha vistAra nirantara jArI hai| ___ Azcarya janaka laga sakatA hai kintu yaha satya hai ki 'akhila bhAratIya sAhitya kalA maMca' hI sambhavataH eka mAtra aisA sAhityika maMca hai ki jisakA abhI taka koI bhI mAsika, vArSika athavA anya kisI prakAra kA sadasyatA zulka nahIM hai| sAhitya ke prati sahRdayatA aura rASTrabhASA hindI ke prati ApakI saccI niSThA hI isakI pratIkAtmaka sadasyatA rahI hai| 'maMca' ke dvArA Ayojita kie jAne vAle sAhityika-samArohoM/AyojanoM (227) dain Education International

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aura prakAzanoM kA adhikAMza vyaya sva0 zrI satIza candra agravAla, saMsthApaka-saMrakSaka' ke suputra zrI manoja kumAra agravAla, saMrakSaka karate rahe haiN| aba maMca ke naye saMrakSaka zrI rAjakumAra agravAla aura zrI lakSmaNa prasAda agravAla kA sahayoga bhI hameM milatA hai| yadA-kadA kucha anya samAja-sevI aura sarasvatI ke upAsaka tathA hindI-premI bhI sAhityika-kAryakramoM meM apanA Azika sahayoga karate rahe haiM, jisake pariNAma svarupa mA~ sarasvatI kI kRpA se 'maMca' ke aba taka ke sAre sAhityika anuSThAna saphalatA pUrvaka - sampanna hote jA rahe haiN| "maMca' kI ora se pratyeka varSa sthAyI rUpa se sva0 satIza candra agravAla (saMsthApaka saMrakSaka) kI smRti meM 2101/- kA samagra sAhitya sammAna/puraskAra 1998 se nirantara diyA jA rahA hai jise unake putra zrI manoja kumAra agravAla eDavokeTa cA~dapura apane karakamaloM se pradAna karate haiN| isI prakAra san 2001 se sAhitya ke kSetra meM 'pro0 rAmaprakAza goyala sAhitya ziromaNI-sammAna' aura vyaMgya ke kSetra meM 'DaoN0 paramezvara goyala-vyaMgya zikhara sammAna' aura gItoM ke kSetra meM 'rAmakizana agravAla smRti gIti-sammAna', bAla sAhitya ke kSetra meM 'lakSmaNa prasAda agravAla bAla sAhitya-sammAna' bhI zurU kiye gaye haiM, jo pratyeka 2101/- rUpaye ke haiN| san 2004 se sAhitya ke kSetra meM mahAkavi DaoN0 harizaMkara Adeza sAhitya-siMdhu sammAna tathA mahAkavi DaoN0 harizaMkara Adeza sAhitya-cUr3AmaNi sammAna pratyeka 5000/- rUpaye ke bhI prArambha kiye gaye haiN| isI prakAra kucha aura bhI vidhAgata puraskAra zurU kie jA rahe haiN| uddezya 'akhila bhAratIya sAhitya kalA maMca' apanI sthApanA se hI arAjanItika evaM avyAvasAyika saMsthA ke rupa meM ciraparicita hai| isakA uddezya 'cetanA, caritra evaM ekatA kA vikAsa' karanA hai; jise binduza: uddezyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai 1. hindI kA pracAra-prasAra karanA aura sAmayika goSThiyA~ kraanaa| 2. sAhityakAroM ko saMgaThita evaM protsAhita krnaa| 3. bAla pratibhAoM/navodita pratibhAoM ko prakAza meM laanaa| 4. sAMskRtika cetanA va rASTrIya sauhArda ko bddh'aanaa|| 5. aprakAzita sAhitya ko prakAzita karake lokArpaNa-samAroha karanA aura sAhityakAroM ko 'sAhityazrI' se sammAnita krnaa| 6. sAhityakAroM ke sammAna hetu mukhyAlaya murAdAbAda meM 'sAhityika nyAsa' kI sthApanA aura 'sAMskRtika bhavana' kA nirmaann| pratIka mA~ sarasvatI kA pratIka cinha hI maMca kA prANa hai| (228)

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lekhikAH DaoN0 uSA jaina janma : 22 pharavarI san 1937, bijanaura, (u0 pra0) pitAzrIH sva0 ratanalAla jaina-prasiddha svataMtratA senAnI tathA jaina dharma ke parama vidvAna zikSAH ema0 e0 (hindI-sAhitya) bI0 eDa0 pI-eca0 DI0 (sabhI AgarA vizvavidyAlaya se) kArya kSetraH san 1963 se 65 taka bI0 eDa0 vibhAga meM pravaktA, san 1965 se hindI vibhAga meM pravaktA, san 1986 meM rIDara padaprApta, san 1993 se adhyakSa hindI vibhAga meM (sabhI pada vardhamAna snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, bijanaura meM) san 1997 meM avakAza grahaNa kiyaa| zodha-nirdezana : aneka chAtra-chAtrAoM ne nirdezana meM zodha upAdhi prApta kii| lekhana-vidhAeM : sAhityika lekha, saMsmaraNa, samIkSAeM, jaina dharma aura sAhitya sambandhI lekha vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita tathA AkAzavANI se prsaarit| samparkaH pArijAta, pulisa kotavAlI ke sAmane, sivila lAins bijanaura pina-246701 dUrabhASa: 01342-262167 For Private Personal Use Only ,

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akhila bhAratIya sAhitya kalA maMca mukhyAlaya- 'sarasvatI', milana-vihAra, dehalI roDa, murAdAbAda (u.pra.) bhArata