Acharya Rajshekhar krut Kavyamimansa ka Aalochanatmaka Adhyayan

Author(s): Kiran Srivastav
Publisher: Ilahabad University
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010645/1

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AcArya rAjazekharakRta 'kAmAMsA kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana A CRIS STUDY OF ACHARYA RAJSHEKHAR'S KAVYAMIMANSA ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya kI DI0 phila0 (saMskRta) upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha prabandha zodhakartrI zrImatI kiraNa zrIvAstava nirdezikA DA0 jJAna devI zrIvAstava adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya 1998

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nivedana AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' kAvyavidyA ke gambhIra viSayoM kI vivecikA hai| ata: 'gAgara meM sAgara' isa ukti ko caritArtha karane meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtI hai| AcArya bhAmaha se lekara AcArya Anandavardhana taka kI kAvyazAstrIya vicAradhArAoM se AcArya rAjazekhara lAbhAnvita hue the, saMskRta vAimaya kI sabhI zAkhAoM para sUkSma tathA vaijJAnika vivecanA kI paramparA unake samakSa upasthita thii| aise samaya meM sabhI vicAradhArAoM kA apane pratibhA ke prabhAva se samanvaya karate hue unhoMne kAvyazAstra ke vibhinna viSayoM kI sUkSma vivecanAoM hetu aneka maulika udbhAvanAoM sahita 'kAvyamImAMsA' kI racanA kii| yaha grantha kAdhyavidyA ke ziSyoM ke hita ke lie racita hai| vividha tathyoM kI sAravivecanA karane vAlI 'kAvyamImAMsA' kI satrazailI ke kAraNa hI usake 'kavirahasya' nAmaka prathama adhikaraNa meM hI kavizikSA se sambaddha prAyaH sabhI viSayoM kA antarbhAva dRSTigata hotA hai| isa grantha kA nAmakaraNa bhI isako mImAMsAgranthoM ke samAna hI mahatva pradAna karatA huA pratIta hotA hai| kAvya tathA sAhityavidyA kA vividha tarkoM se yukta sAragarbhita sUkSma vivecana kAvyavidyA ke adhikArI ziSyoM ko ina viSayoM kA pUrNa jJAna pradAna karatA hai| jisa prakAra dArzanika granthoM meM varNita brahma aura mAyA kA samyak jJAna mokSa kA sAdhana banakara dArzanikoM ke dhyeya kI parAkASThA banatA hai, usI prakAra kAvyapuruSa tathA sAhityavidyA ke samyak jJAna ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne aihalaukika sukha kA hI nahIM, paramapuruSArtha mokSa kA bhI sAdhana batAyA hai| kAvya tathA usase sambaddha vidyAoM ko sammAna kI parAkASThA taka pahu~cAne vAle, kAvyavidhA ke jilAsu ziSyoM ke lie kAvyanirmANa ke jJAna ke asaMkhya dvAroM ke udghATanakartA tathA apane hI maulika viSayoM ke Aloka se svataH Alokita grantha kI samAlocanA hetu zodhaprabandha prastuta karane kA kArya isa prakAra kA hai jaise pravala jhaJjhAvAta meM Avaddha koI dussAhasI dIpaka apane nyUnatama TimaTimAte prakAza se sUrya aura candra ke mArga ko prakAzita karane kA dambha bhare, tathApi isa grantha ko anya kAvyazAstrIya granthoM se

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[||] pRthaka karatI huI isakI vaiSayika vilakSaNatA dvArA preraNA prApta kara maiM apanI alpajJatA se bAdhita hue binA isa para zodha prabandha kI racanA hetu sAhasa karane ko tatpara huI / varSa 1967-68 meM ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRtavibhAga kI snAtakottara kakSAoM meM jinhoMne amUlya vidyAdAna dekara mujhe mere jIvanaparyanta gauravAnvita kiyA, una samasta zraddheya gurUjanoM ke caraNoM meM apane zraddhAsumana samarpita karatI huuN| apane sneha aura AzIrvAda ke amiTa prabhAva se ve nirantara merI akSaya preraNA ke strota rahe haiN| jIvana meM ucca pada kI daur3a meM apanA nAmAGkana na karAkara bhI maiM una samasta gurUjanoM kI zikSA ke prakAza se 30 varSoM bAda bhI apane antarmana ko prakAzita sA anubhava karatI hU~ / una sabhI kI apratyakSa preraNA tathA ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya se zodhakArya karane kI adamya lAlasA ne mujhe snAtakottara upAdhi prApta karane ke dIrghakAlIna antarAla ke pazcAt isI vizvavidyAlaya kI chatrachAyA meM zodhaprabandha kI prastuti hetu upasthita hone ko bAdhya kiyaa| una samasta zraddheya gurujanoM ke prati kRtajJatAjJApana meM zabda sadaiva akSama hI rheNge| unake sammAna meM merA azAbdika namana / zodhaprabandha ke nirdezana hetu mujhe paramazraddheyA DA0 jJAna devI zrIvAstava (adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya) kA sAnidhya prApta huaa| unakI vidvatA ke prati maiM natamastaka hU~ / mere lie jo kArya paristhitiyoM ke jhaJjhAvAtoM ko jhelate hue kaThina bana cukA thA, usako prArambha karane kI preraNA mujhe bar3I bahana kA sA sneha dene vAlI DA0 jJAnadevI se hI milii| unhoMne sadaiva sahaja AtmIyatA se apanA vyastatama amUlya samaya mujhe dete hue merA mArganirdezana kiyaa| yadi prastuta zodhaprabandha kI kiJcit upayogitA ho to usakA zreya unheM hI hai| zodhakArya ko prArambha karane meM maiM ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta vibhAga ke rIDara, mere anuja samAna DA0 kauzala kI preraNA se utsAhita huii| unake prati merI kRtajJatA asIma hai| pArivArika pRSThabhUmi ke mahatva ko asvIkAra karanA kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai| mere paramapUjya mAtA-pitA tathA snehI anuja merA mAnasika sambala bane, pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko anukUla banAne meM

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[1111 mahArathI mere pati kA mujhe nirantara utsAhavardhaka sahayoga milA to mere karmaTha beTe ne bhI apane utsAhI svabhAva se pratipala merI mAnasika zakti kI abhivRddhi karate hue zodha-prabandha ke TaGkaNakArya ko apane zrama se sampanna kraayaa| zodha prabandha ke TaGkaNakArya ko pUrNa ruci tathA zramasahita sampanna karane meM 'lakI badrarsa' 1, kaTarA, ilAhAbAda ke sarAhanIya yogadAna hetu maiM unake prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| sabhI ke sahayoga kA akSayastrota mujhe preraNA detA rhaa| antataH apane jJAna kI atisakucita sImA rekhA meM Abaddha maiM apanI alpajJatA ke kAraNa hone vAlI azuddhiyoM ke lie vidvatjanoM kI kSamAprApti hetu AzAnvita huuN| dinAGka -6 - 14 kiraNa zrIvAstava kiraNa zrIvAstava

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viSayAnukrama pRSTha prathama adhyAya 1-24 prastAvanA (kAvyamImAMsA kI mahattA) AcArya rAjazekhara kA vyaktitva aura kRtitva :- kAla (anta:sAkSyoM tathA bahi:sAkSyoM kA AdhAra), janmasthAna evaM vaMza, kula paramparA, vyaktitva, viduSI patnI, karmabhUmi-kannauja, rcnaaeN| dvitIya adhyAya 25-63 kAvyamImAMsA ke vividha rocaka prasaGga (ka) AcArya rAjazekhara kA kAvya purUSa (kha) kAvya evam sAhitya (ga) rIti, vRtti evaM pravRtti (gha) kAku evaM kaavypaatth| tRtIya adhyAya 64 - 140 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAvyahetu tathA kavizikSA zakti evam pratibhA, pratibhA se sambaddha kavibheda, vyutpatti, kavizikSA evam abhyAsa, kavi kI ziSyAvasthA, vibhinna ziSyoM kA kavisvarUpa, ziSya kA kavi banane kA vikAsakrama-kavi kI avasthAe~, kavibheda tathA kaviyoM ke guNa, abhyAsa ke upAya, kAvyapAka, kaviyoM kA kAvyaracanAkAla, dinacaryA, svabhAva, svAsthya, svacchatA, paricArakagaNa, sambandhI tathA mitra, sahAyaka

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(II) lekhaka, lekhanasAmagrI, aavaas| vibhinna prakIrNa kvishikssaaeN| zikSA sambandhI viSayoM ke vistAra kA kAraNa tathA aucity| caturtha adhyAya 141 - 186 kavi samaya kavisamaya kA sambandha zabdoM se, arthoM se athavA donoM se? rAjazekhara dvArA svIkRta paribhASA kA tAtparya, kavisamaya ke vaiziSTa ya-paramparita rUpa, azAstrIyatva tathA alaukikatva, kavisamaya meM nihita saundarya bhAvanA, kavisamaya kA mahatva, kAvyazAstra meM kavisamaya ke vivecana kA itihAsa, vibhinna kavisamaya, vibhinna mahAkAvyoM meM kavisamaya kA pryog| paJcama adhyAya 187-242 kAvya meM haraNa-aucitya tathA AvazyakatA rAjazekhara ke haraNavivecana kA mUla evaM haraNavivecaka pazcAdvartI AcArya, haraNa ke aucitya ke sambandha meM rAjazekhara kA avantisundarI ke mata se virodha, zabdaharaNa ke prakAra tathA unakI upAdeyatA, arthaharaNa vivecana, kAvyanirmANa meM paraprabandhAnuzIlana kI apekSA, Anandavardhana kA arthasAmya- arthaharaNa vivecana kA AdhAra? arthaharaNa ke bheda, arthaharaNa ke vibhinna avAntara bhedoM kA paraspara tulanIya svarUpa, haraNakartA kaviyoM ke bheda, mauliktaa| SaSTha adhyAya 243-271 (ka) 'kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita kavi tathA bhAvaka

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(III) kavivivecana, kAvyaparIkSaka bhAvaka vivecana, bhAvaka prkaar| (kha) 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita vidagdhagoSThI tathA rAjacaryA vidagdhagoSThI vivecana, rAjacaryA vivecn| saptama adhyAya 272-319 kAvyamImAMsA meM deza tathA kAlavivecana dezavibhAga :- lokavibhAga, samudra, jambUdIpa-usake parvata tathA deza, bhAratavarSa, cakravartikSetra, kumArIdvIpa ke sAta kulaparvata, AryAvarta, sampUrNa bhArata ke pA~ca vibhAga- pUrvadeza, dakSiNApatha, pazcimadeza, uttarApatha, madhyadeza, dizAoM kI saMkhyA, vibhinna dizAoM ke logoM ke vrnn| kAlavivecana :- kAlagaNanA, sampUrNa varSa meM dina-rAta kA bar3hanA, sauramAna, pitRmAsamAna tathA cAndramAsa; cAndramAsa se sambaddha saMvatsara tathA Rtucakra, vibhinna RtuoM kI vAyu kA dizAnirdeza, Rtucakra:'kAvyamImAMsA' tathA 'RtusaMhAra' meM varNita varSA, zarad, hemanta, zizira, vasanta, grISma Rtu vrnnn| Rtu kI avasthAe~, puSpoM kI upayogitA, vRkSa tathA latAoM ke phUloM, phaloM meM samayAntara, phUloM ke prkaar| aSTama adhyAya 320 - 325 upasaMhAra sandarbha-grantha-sUcI 326 - 332

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prathama adhyAya prastAvanA ('kAvyamImAMsA' kI mahattA) AcArya rAjazekhara ko AcAryatva kI pratiSThA unake saMskRta aura prAkRta nATakoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake mahattvapUrNa grantha 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke dvArA prApta huii| yaha grantha vaha sAgara hai jo saMskRta kAvyazAstrIya jagat ke amUlya viSayoM ko ratna rUpa meM apane andara samAhita kie hue hai| kAvyazAstrIya siddhAntoM se to saMskRta sAhityajagat AcArya rAjazekhara se pUrva bhI paricita thaa| bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra meM IsvI sadI ke pUrva se kAvyazAstra ke jisa spaSTa vaijJAnika svarUpa kA prArambha huA-usakI paramparA bharatamuni ke pazcAt vibhinna kAvyazAstrIya granthoM se nirantara calatI rhii| kAvyazAstra para vibhinna AcAryoM ne grantha racanA kii| isa paramparA ke ullekhanIya AcArya medhAvI, rUdra, bhaTTi, kAvyakAra, bhAmaha, daNDI, udbhaTa, vAmana, rudraTa, Anandavardhana, rAjazekhara, bhaTTanAyaka, zakuka, kuntaka, abhinavagupta, dhanaJjaya, mahimabhaTTa, bhoja, rAmacandra, zAradAtanaya, kSemendra, mammaTa, ruyyaka, vAgbhaTa, hemacandra, jayadeva, vidyAdhara, vidyAnAtha, vizvanAtha, bhAnudatta, rUpagosvAmI, kezavamizra, vizvezvara, appayadIkSita, jagannAtha aura nAgezabhaTTa Adi haiN| vikrama saMvatsara kI navama, dazama aura ekAdaza zatAbdiyoM meM kAzmIra ke rAjAoM ke samaya meM Anandavardhana, abhinavagupta, kSemendra, mammaTa Adi ne tathA kannauja ke rAjAoM yazovarmA, mahendrapAla, mahIpAla Adi ke samaya meM vAkpatirAja, bhavabhUti aura rAjazekhara Adi ne apanI amUlya racanAoM se saMskRtasAhityanidhi kI abhivRddhi meM sahAyatA kii| AcArya rAjazekhara ko AcArya bhAmaha se lekara AcArya Anandavardhana taka kI vikasita kAvyazAstrIya paramparA upalabdha thii| saMskRta vAGmaya kI vibhinna zAkhAoM para sUkSma rUpa se paryApta tathA vistRta vivecana, samIkSaNa tathA parIkSaNa kiyA gayA thaa| sAhityakSetra meM vidvAnoM ne rasa, alaGkAra, dhvani tathA rIti viSayoM para sUkSmatama tathA gambhIratama mImAMsAe~ prastuta kI thiiN| aise samaya meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne sAhityakSetra meM adbhuta pratibhA kA paricaya diyaa| paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha kAvyazAstrIya sAmagrI ke gahana adhyayana tathA svamaulika ubhAvanAoM dvArA vaha navIna kaviyoM kA mahAn upakAra karate hue unake zikSaka ke rUpa meM 'kAvyamImAMsA' dvArA hamAre samakSa

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[2] upasthita hue| isa prakAra unhoMne kAvyazAstrIya paramparA ko eka navIna AyAma bhI diyA tathA kAvyazAstra ko atyadhika samRddha bnaayaa| kAvyavidyA ke jijJAsu kaviyoM ke lie 'kAvyamImAMsA' kI racanA kI gaI thii| kAvyaracanA kI vyAvahArika zikSA sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara ne hI pradAna kI, isI kAraNa unakI 'kAvyamImAMsA' unako 'kavizikSA' ke yuga kA pravartaka siddha karatI hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' se kaviyoM kI vaha AcArasaMhitA upalabdha hotI hai, jisakA svarUpa bahuta vizada tathA vyApaka hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kavi ko zikSA dene ke lie kAvyapurupa, kavi, bhAvaka, kAvyapAka, kAvyaharaNa tathA kavisamaya Adi kavi ke upakAraka viSaya antarnihita haiN| kavicaryA ke rUpa meM kavi ke lie Avazyaka viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, kavi ke rahana-sahana tathA usake dainika jIvana kI anya vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| tatkAlIna rAjaparivAra bhI kaviyoM evam vidvAnoM ko vizeSa sammAna pradAna karate the| yaha saubhAgya AcArya rAjazekhara ko bhI prApta thaa| ve gurjarapratihAravaMzI zAsaka mahendrapAla ke rAjagurU the| mahendrapAla ke pitA mihirabhoja tathA putra mahIpAla kA bhI zAsanakAla unhoMne dekhA thA, usa prakAra ve lambe samaya taka rAjaparivAroM se sambaddha the| isI kAraNa 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke 'kavicaryA' tathA 'rAjacaryA' nAmaka prasaGga kAvya tathA zAstra meM rAjAoM kI rUci tathA unake dvArA kie gae kaviyoM ke sammAna ke paricAyaka kahe jA sakate haiN| bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI AcArya rAjazekhara kAvya tathA kAvyazAstra donoM kI racanA meM parama pravINa the| 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke dvArA unakA kAvyazAstra, bhUgolavettA evam kavizikSaka AcArya kA bahuraGgI vyaktitva hamAre samakSa upasthita huA hai| ve vibhinna zAstroM ke jJAtA the| 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke kavirahasya kA SaSTha adhikaraNa vyAkaraNa zAstra se sambaddha hai| isI grantha meM sthAna-sthAna para vAyupurANa, brahmANDapurANa, manusmRti, kauTilIya arthazAstra, vAtsyAyana ke kAmasUtra Adi granthoM kA AdhAra grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| kAvyazAstra ke gahana tathA vyApaka adhyayana ke kAraNa hI AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM vibhinna AcAryoM ke vicAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' kA deza vivecana AcArya rAjazekhara ke bhUgola ke jJAna se paricita karAtA hai, to unakA kAlavivecana unake sUkSA prakRti nirIkSaNa kI jhalaka dikhalAtA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kavizikSA' ko gambhIra viSaya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai aura isI krama meM kAvyazAstra ke anya viSayoM kA bhI vivaMcana kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se 'kAvyamImAMsA' ko sAhityazAstra ke

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[3] vibhinna viSayoM kA samanvayAtmaka grantha kahA jA sakatA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke rUpa meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne sAhityavidyA ko mahAn tathA prAmANika zAstroM ke samakakSa lAne kA prazaMsanIya prayAsa kiyaa| 1 kAvyavidyA kI mImAMsA prastuta karate hue usakI prAmANikatA siddha karane ke lie unhoMne usakA upadeSTA ziva ko batAyA hai tathA gurUziSya paramparA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 2 veda se sambandha siddha karane ke lie unhoMne alaGkArazAstra ko sAtavA~ vedAGga svIkAra kiyA hai|3 'kAvyamImAMsA' saMskRta sAhitya kI anupama upalabdhi hai| isa grantha ke aTThAraha adhikaraNoM meM se kevala 'kavirahasya' nAmaka eka hI adhikaraNa prApta hai| kintu kevala eka hI bhAga upalabdha hone para bhI apane apUrva, atulanIya svarUpa ke kAraNa saMskRta sAhitya ke bhaNDAra kI zrIvRddhi karane meM pUrNa sakSama hai| apane sampUrNa rUpa meM prApta hone para yaha grantha sAhityasAgara ke amUlya ratna ke rUpa meM avazya pratiSThA prApta krtaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ke isa kavizikSAviSayaka grantha kA anukaraNa karate hue hI unake paravartI AcAryoM kSemendra, arisiMha, amaracandra, devezvara aura hemacandra ne bhI kavizikSA se sambaddha granthoM kI racanA kI, kintu isa viSaya para maulika yogadAna kevala AcArya rAjazekhara kA hI rhaa| 1. 'paJcamI sAhityavidyA' iti yAyAvarIyaH / sA hi catasRNAmapi vidyAnAM niSyandaH / 2 athAtaH kAvyaM mImAMsiSyAmahe yathopadideza zrIkaNThaH bhagavAnsvayaMbhUricchAjanmabhyaH svAntevAsibhyaH / 'upakArakatvAdalaGkAraH saptamamaGgam' iti yAyAvarIyaH / 3. kAvyamImAMsA (dvitIya adhyAya, pRSTha 11 ) parameSThivaikuNThAdimyazcatuH SaSTaye ziSyebhyaH / so'pi kAvyamImAMsA - ( prathama adhyAya, pRSTha 3 ) kAvyamImAMsA (dvitIya adhyAya, pRSTha 7 ) ww

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[4] AcArya rAjazekhara kA vyaktitva evam kRtitva AcArya rAjazekhara kA kAla (antaH sAkSyoM tathA bahiHsAkSyoM kA AdhAra) yadyapi AcArya rAjazekhara ke kAla nirNaya ke sambandha meM aneka mata upalabdha haiM jo unheM sAtavIM, AThavIM, gyArahavIM, bArahavIM tathA caudahavIM zatAbdI kA siddha karate haiM, kintu antataH unako navIM zatAbdI kA siddha karane vAle vibhinna prAmANika antaH sAkSyoM tathA bahi:sAkSyoM kI upalabdhatA ke kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara kA kAlanirNaya kaThina nahIM rhtaa| unake kAla nirNaya se sambaddha vibhinna itihAsakAroM ke matoM kA saMkSipta prastutIkaraNa Avazyaka hai zrI baro kA sAtavIM zatAbdI kA mata : zrI baro apanI pustaka 'Bhavbhuti and his place in Sanskrit literature Page - 17' meM bhavabhUti ko sAtavIM zatAbdI kA mAnakara unake kucha samaya pazcAt AvirbhUta rAjazekhara ko bhI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA mAnate haiM / isa saMdarbha meM unhoMne AcArya rAjazekhara ke granthoM (bAlarAmAyaNa tathA bAlabhArata) kA zloka udaghata kiyA hai| zrI kono tathA pro0 lainamaina ne bhI apanI pustaka meM zrI baro ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. babhUva balmIkabhavaH kaviH purA tataH prapede bhuvi bhrtRmenntthtaam| sthitaH punryobhvbhuutirekhyaa| ma vartate samprati raajshekhrH| bAlarAmAyaNa (1-16) bAla bhArata (1-12) 2 "Anundoram Barooah is of opinion that the tradition according to which Rajshekhar is said to have been a contemporary of Canikara should be trusted and that accordingly "we can safely fix the seventh century as his probable date." 'Rajshekhar's Karpurmanjari' Page - 177 S. Konow, C.R. Lanman

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[5] zrI vAmana zivarAma ApTe kA AThavIM zatAbdI kA mata : zrI ApTe kA mata hai ki sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bhavabhUti sambhavataH apane jIvanakAla meM yaza nahIM prApta kara sake the| 'mAlatImAdhavam' meM mahAkavi ne apane isa duHkha ko vyakta kiyA thaa| unheM yaza prApta karane meM kama se kama sau varSa avazya hI lage hoMge, tabhI AcArya rAjazekhara ne unheM apanA Adarza mAnA hogA / ataH AcArya rAjazekhara kA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI hai / 2 pITarsana evam durgAprasAda kA AThavIM zatAbdI kA mata : pITarsana evam durgAprasAda kAzmIra ke rAjA jayasiMha (750 A.D.) ke gurU zrIrasvAmI ko AcArya rAjazekhara kA samakAlIna mAnate haiN| ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki inhIM kSIrasvAmI ne amarakoSa kI TIkA meM viddhazAlabhaJjikA ko uddhRta kiyA hai / parantu yaha mata prAmANika nahIM hai kyoMki amarakoSa ke TIkAkAra kSIrasvAmI tathA jayasiMha ke gurU kSIrasvAmI bhinna vyakti haiN| inameM kevala nAma kI hI 1. ye nAma kecidiha naH prathayantyavajJAM jAnanti te kimapi tAnprati naiSa yatnaH / utpatsyate ca mama ko'pi samAnadharmA kAlo hyayaM niravadhirvipulA ca pRthvI // mAlatImAdhava (bhavabhUti) (1-44 ) 2. Bhavbhuti was not appreciated in his own days. I think, quite reasonable to suppose that a period of at least 100 years must have elapsed before the verdict of posterity was unmistakably pronounced in his favour. At such a distance can alone Rajshekhar be reasonably supposed to mention Bhavbhuti in the manner above referred to. From this I conclude that our poet must have not flourished till at least one hundred years after Bhavbhuti. In other words he could not have lived earlier than the end of the 8th century A.D. [ Rajshekhar His life and writings Page 14] Vaman Shivram Apte. 3. Peterson and Durga prasad assure us that Rajshekhar's real date is the middle of the eight century, which according to them, is shown by the fact that Ksirasvamin, who was the teacher of Jayasimha of Kashmir (A.D. 750) quotes a verse from the Viddhacalabhanjika.---------------.' 'Rajshekhar's Karpurmanjari-Page 177, S. Konow, C.R. Lanman.

Page #13
[6] samAnatA hai| amarakoSa ke TIkAkAra kSIrasvAmI kA samaya gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai / viddhazAlabhaJjikA ko uddhRta karane vAle yahI kSIrasvAmI the, jayasiMha ke gurU kSIrasvAmI nhiiN| ataH rAjazekhara ko isa AdhAra para AThavIM zatAbdI kA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| zrI H.H. Willson kA gyArahavIM, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA mata : zrI H.H. Wilson rAjazekhara ko unakI cauhAnavaMzIya patnI ke kAraNa cauhAna vaMza kA hI mAnate hue unheM gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha athavA bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke kisI rAjapUta rAjA kA mantrI mAnate the| karpUramaJjarI saTTaka kI prastAvanA meM unakI cauhAnavaMzIyA patnI avantisundarI kA varNana hai| sambhavataH patnI ke kAraNa hI kItha mahodaya bhI unheM mahArASTra ke kSatriya kula kA mAnate the| 2 kintu patnI ke kAraNa hI AcArya rAjazekhara ko rAjapUta mAnakara unheM gyArahavIM, bArahavIM zatAbdI kA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vastutaH AcArya rAjazekhara kA antarjAtIya anuloma vivAha huA thaa| ve maMtriputra the, kintu kisI rAjapUta rAjA ke maMtrI nahIM the| gurjara pratihAravaMzIya rAjA mahendrapAla ke gurU ke rUpa meM pratiSThita AcArya rAjazekhara ne svayaM upAdhyAya kahakara bhI apanA brAhmaNatva siddha kiyA hai| 3 1. (ka) In a verse, cited from another work by the writer (The Karpurmanjari), his wife is styled as the chaplet of the crest of the Chauhan Raco from which it follows that he belonged to that tribe. We can only conclude, therefore, that Rajshekhar was the minister of some Rajput prince who flourished in the central India at the end of eleventh or the beginning of the twelveth century." "Hindu Theatre' Page - 362 (H.H. Wilson) (kha) cAhuANakula maulimAliA rAasehara kaiMdagehiNI bhattujo kimavatisundarI sA paiMjaiThameamicchai / karpUramaJjarI (1-11) 2. "He was of a Maharashtra Kshtriya family of the Yayavaras, who claimed decent from Ram" 'The Sanskrit Drama'-Page - 231 Ed. 1954 (A.B. Keith) 3. vAlakaviH kavirAjo nirbhayarAjasya tathopAdhyAyaH / ityasya paramparayA AtmA mAhAtmyamArUDhaH // (karpUramaJjarI 1-9 ) -

Page #14
[7] zrI maiksamUlara kA caudahavIM zatAbdI kA mata : zrI maiksamUlara AcArya rAjazekhara ko 'prabandhakoSa' kA racayitA mAnakara unheM caudahavIM zatAbdI kA siddha karate haiN| 1 kintu 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke racayitA AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'prabandhakoSa' nAmaka grantha kI racanA nahIM kI thii| 'prabandhakoSa' ke racayitA caudahavIM zatAbdI ke rAjazekhara sUri nAmaka jaina AcArya the| AcArya rAjazekhara kA prAmANika kAla navIM zatAbdI : AcArya rAjazekhara ke granthoM meM unakA paryApta paricaya upalabdha hai / unhoMne apane kula tathA AzrayadAtAoM ke sambandha meM bhI bahuta adhika vivaraNa prastuta kie haiN| ataH unake kAla nirNaya meM sandeha kA leza bhI nahIM raha jaataa| AcArya rAjazekhara gurjara pratihAravaMzI nareza mahendrapAla ke gurU the| usake putra mahIpAla tathA kalacurI nareza yuvarAjadeva prathama kA bhI unhoMne Azraya grahaNa kiyA thaa| unake ina AzrayadAtAoM kA samaya prAmANika rUpa se vibhinna zilAlekhoM dvArA jJAta kiyA jA cukA hai| mahendrapAla prathama ke gurU rAjazekhara : gurjara pratihAra vaMzI nareza bhojadeva athavA mihirabhoja kI mRtyu 885 I0 meM ho cukI thii| usake putra mahendrapAla ne jaba zAsana saMbhAlA, tabhI saMbhavataH unake gurU rAjazekhara ne bhI sAhityaracanAoM kA Arambha kiyA thA / harSa saMvat 276882 I0 kA pehavA abhilekha bhojadeva ke samaya kA hai| ataH bhojadeva kI antima jJAta tithi 882 I0 hai 12 1. "Rajshekhar lived in the fourteenth century. He wrote the Prabandhakosh in about 1347 A.D." 'India-- What can it teach us?' Maxmuller (Page - 328) 2. uttara bhArata kA rAjanItika itihAsa' Dr. V.N. Pathak, (Page - 150)

Page #15
[8] mahendrapAla ke samaya ke abhilekhoM kI tithiyA~ usake rAjyAbhiSeka ke dUsare varSa se unnIsaveM varSa taka kI haiN| ___ mahendrapAla kA prazastiparaka sabase pahalA kAThiyAvAr3a kA UNA abhilekha 574 valabhi saM0 = 893 I0 kA hai|| ataH usane 882 aura 893 I0 ke bIca kabhI gaddI dhAraNa kI hogii| paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara zrI mahendrapAladeva ke samaya kA UNA kA dvitIya abhilekha 956 vi0 saM0 - 899 I0 kA hai| mahendrapAla kI rAjadhAnI kAnyakubja nagarI thii| AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'bAlabhArata' kI racanA 'mahodaya' meM kI thii| 'mahodaya' kAnyakubja kA hI dUsarA nAma thA tathA mahendrapAla tathA usakA putra mahIpAla siyAdonI zilAlekha meM kAnyakubja se hI sambaddha haiN| mahendrapAla kA prazastiparaka siyAdonI zilAlekha jhA~sI jile ke siyAdonI grAma meM hai jisa para 903-907 I0 aMkita hai 3 siyAdonI abhilekha meM vibhinna rAjAoM kI tithiyoM kA ullekha hai| (1) bhoja - A.D. 862, 876 and 882. (2) mahendrapAla - 903-907 rAjazekhara ke ziSya (3) unake putra kSitipAla athavA mahIpAla athavA herambapAla A.D. 917. 1 epigrAphikA iNDikA, jilda 9, pRSTha-6 (pAdaTippaNI) 2 epigrAphikA iNDikA, jilda-9, pRSTha-4 3. (ka) epigrAphikA iNDikA, jilda-1, Page - 173 (kha) "As pointed out by Pishel and Fleet, the 'Balbharata' was performed in 'Mahodaya' and 'Mahodaya'is another name of 'Kanyakubja' (Balramayan x87-89 = p. 306, 6,15), with which town Mahendrapala and Mahipala are connected in the Siyadoni inscription. For Mahendrapala, we have the dates 903-4 and 907-8. 'Rajshekhar's Karpurmanjari' meM Rajshekhar's life. Page - 177 (S. Konow tathA C.R. Lanman)

Page #16
[9] (4) unake putra devapAla A.D. 948.1 isa prakAra vibhinna zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para mahendrapAla kA samaya 890 I0 se 910 I0 taka sthira kiyA gayA hai| antaH sAkSya bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ko gurjarapratihAravaMzI mahendrapAla kA gurU siddha karate haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ne sabase pahale 900 I0 ke Asa pAsa 'karpUramaJjarI' saTTaka kI racanA kii| isakI prastAvanA meM unhoMne svayaM ko mahendrapAla athavA nirbhayarAja kA gurU batAyA hai / 2 karpUramaJjarI kA caNDa yA candrapAla sambhavataH mahendrapAla hI hai| karpUramaJjarI ke bAda AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'bAlarAmAyaNa' kI racanA kI aura tatpazcAt 'bAlabhArata' kii| ina nATakoM ke nAma kA 'bAla' zabda inako kavi ke kAvyaracanA kAla kI prArambhika racanA nahIM siddha karatA kyoMki 'bAlarAmAyaNa' meM rAjazekhara ne apane lie 'kavivRSA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 'bAlarAmAyaNa' nAmaka nATaka raghukulatilaka mahendrapAladeva kI sabhA ke samakSa prastuta kiyA gayA thaa| isa nATaka meM mahendrapAla kI susthira rAjyalakSmI kA varNana "Keilhorn's summing up of the names of the four sovereigns of Mahodaya or Kanyakubja or Kannauj as presented to us by the Siyadoni Inscription together with their known dates, may here be repeated for the reader's convenience from Epigraphica Indica, 171; 1-Bhoja A.D. 862,876 and 882. 2-Mahendrapala or Nirbhay Narendra or Mahishpala A.D. 903 and 907; Pupil of the poet Rajshekhar. 3-His son Ksitipala or Mahipala or Herambapala A.D. 917; Patron of Rajshekhar. 4-His son Devapala A.D. 948." "Rajshekhar's Karpurmanjari' Rajshekhar's life Page - 177 (S. Konow, C.R. Lanman) 2 "bAlakaI kairAo NibhaarAassa taha uvajjhAo" (karpUramaJjarI / -90 3 'nikhile'smin kavivRSA" ('bAlarAmAyaNa' prathama aGka - zloka / / / /

Page #17
[10] kiyA gayA hai / / 'bAlarAmAyaNa' kI racanA taka mahendrapAla bhI yazasvI ho cuke the aura AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhI pratiSThA prApta kara lI thii| unakI khyAti sabhI dizAoM meM phaila gaI thii| nirbhayanarendra mahendrapAla kA hI upanAma athavA viruda thaa| rAjazekhara ne 'bAlarAmAyaNa' meM svayaM ko nirbhayanarendra mahendrapAla kA gurU kahA hai| yaha nirbhaya aura mahendrapAla eka hI vyakti haiN| 'bAlarAmAyaNa' kA racanAkAla 905 I0 ke lagabhaga hai, tathA mahendrapAla kI antima jJAta tithi 907 I0 hai| ataH rAjazekhara mahendrapAla ke samaya meM the aura prasiddhi bhI prApta kara cuke the| AcArya rAjazekhara mahIpAla prathama ke zAsanakAla meM : mahendrapAla prathama ke bAda usake jyeSTha putra bhoja dvitIya ne sattA saMbhAlI, kintu vaha adhika dinoM taka nahIM rhaa| tatpazcAt usake dvitIya putra mahIpAla prathama ne lagabhaga 912 I0 meM rAjyabhAra saMbhAlA aura lagabhaga 943 I0 taka zAsana kiyaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ke dvitIya nATaka 'bAlabhArata' kI prastAvanA meM gurjarapratihAravaMzI mahendrapAla ke putra mahIpAla ke vijaya abhiyAnoM kA ullekha hai 5 haDala grAma se prApta mahIpAla ke abhilekha meM usakI tithi 914 I0 utkIrNa hai 6 1 "bho bho bhujastambhAlAnitalakSmIkareNunA raghukulaikatilakena mahendrapAladevenAdhikRtaH sabhAsadaH--------- (bAlarAmAyaNa, prathama aGka, pRSTha - 2) 2. 'phullA kItirdhamati sukaverdikSu yAyAvarasya" (bAlarAmAyaNa, prathama aGka, zloka - 6) 3 (ka)-"nirbhayagurULadhatta ca bAlmIkikathAM kimanusRtya----" / (bAlarAmAyaNa, pra0 aM0, pRSTha - 5) (kha)-vayaM vA guNaratnarohaNagireH kiM tasya saakssaadsau| devo yasya mahendrapAlanRpatiH ziSyo rghugraamnniiH|| (bAlarAmAyaNa, prastAvanA - zloka - 19) 4. "Aufrecht had declared Mahendrapal and Nirbhaya to be one and the same person and their identify was proved by Pischel. Nirbhaya, accordingly, is a biruda of Mahendrapal." 'Rajshekhar's Karpurmanjari' 'Rajshekhar's life' Page - 177 S.R. Konow, C.R. Lanman 5 "namitamuralamauliH pAkalo mekalAnAM raNakalitakaliGgaH kelikRtkerlendraiH| ajani jitakulUtaH kuntalAnAM kaThArI haThavihatamaTha zrIH shriimhiipaaldevH||" (bAlabhArata, prastAvanA - zloka / ) 6 iNDiyana eNTIkverI jilda-12, pRSTha-193 (pAda TippaNI )

Page #18
[11] vi0 saM0 974 = 917 I0 ke phatehapura jile ke asanI nAmaka gA~va se prApta abhilekha meM paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara zrI mahIpAladeva ke 'vijayarAjya' kA ullekha hai|| vinAyaka mahIpAla ke mahodayanagara se prakAzita eziyATika sosAyaTI tAmraphalakAbhilekha2 se yaha pramANita hai ki pratiSThAna bhukti kA vArANasI viSaya vi0 saM0 988 = 931 I0 meM usake adhikAra meM thaa| ata: 931 I0 meM mahIpAla avazya sattAsIna thaa| gvAliyara meM canderI sthita rakhetra nAmaka sthAna se prApta (Asa ri0 1924-25, pRSTha - 168) vi0 saM0 1000= 943 I0 ke eka dUsare abhilekha se una pradezoM para bhI usake zAsana kI puSTi hotI hai| isa prakAra 943 I0 meM bhI mahIpAla kA zAsana thaa| mahIpAla ke samaya ke pratApagar3ha ke antima abhilekha para 948 I0 aMkita hai| vibhinna abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para mahIpAla kA samaya lagabhaga 910 I0 se 948 I0 mAnA jA sakatA hai| usakA ullekha karane vAle AcArya rAjazekhara bhI isI kAla meM the| yuvarAjadeva prathama ke zAsanakAla meM AcArya rAjazekhara : kalacurI rAjavaMza ke yuvarAjadeva prathama kA bhI AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA ullekha hai| yaha yuvarAjadeva 'keyUravarSa' mahendrapAladeva ke putra mahIpAladeva ke samakAlIna the| bilaharI grAma meM prApta zilAlekha ke AdhAra para unakA zAsanakAla 910 I0 se 948 I0 jJAta hotA hai 4 AcArya rAjazekhara kI 1. "Rajshekhar lived about 900 A.D. Now fleet has shown that this Mahipala must be identified with the king Mahipala of the Asni inscription, dated Vikrama Samvat 974 = A.D. 917, and has thus proved that Rajshekhar lived at the beginning of the tenth century A.D." ___ 'Rajshekhar's Karpurmanjari' Page - 177 (S.Konow, C.R. Lanman) 2 (iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda 15, pRSTha - 138-141) 3 iNDiyana eNTIkverI, jilda - 14, pRSTha - 122, paadttippnnii| 4. epigrAphikA iNDikA, jilda-1, pRSTha - 252, paadttippnnii|

Page #19
[12] tIsarI nATyakRti 'viddhazAlabhaJjikA' kalacurI nareza yuvarAjadeva 'keyUravarSa' kI sabhA ke Adeza se prastuta kI gaI thii| AcArya rAjazekhara ke tInoM AzrayadAtAoM ke kAryakAla ke AdhAra para AcArya rAjazekhara kA samaya 880 I0 se 950 I0 taka siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| mahendrapAla kA samaya 890 I0 se 910 I0 mahIpAla kA samaya - 910 I0 se 948 I0 yuvarAjadeva prathama kA samaya - 910 I0 se 948 I0 AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA pUrvavartI AcAyoM kA ullekha : AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAzmIra ke udbhaTa, vAmana, Anandavardhana, ratnAkara tathA kannauja ke vAkpatirAja tathA bhavabhUti ke siddhAntoM tathA uktiyoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai / 2 AcArya rudraTa kA bhI kAvyamImAMsA meM ullekha hai 3 udbhaTa kAzmIra ke rAjA jayApIDa kI sabhA ke sabhApati the| jayApIDa kA samaya-vikramAbda 836-870, I0 san 779-813 hai| AcArya vAmana bhI isI kAla ke the| dhvanyAlokakAra Anandavardhana tathA ratnAkara samakAlIna the tathA kAzmIra ke rAjA avantivarmA 1. "tanmanye tadabhinaye zrIyuvarAjadevasya pariSadAjJA" (viddhazAlabhaJjikA, prathama aGka) "suprabhAtaM devasya keyUravarSasya" (viddhazAlabhaJjikA, caturtha aGka) 2 udbhaTa kA ullekha :- "astu nAma ni: siimaarthsaarthH| kintu dvirUpa evAsau vicArita sustho'vicaaritrmnniiyH| tayoH pUrvamAzritAni zAstrANi taduttaraM kaavyaani|" ityaudbhttaaH| kAvyamImAsA - (navama adhyAya) vAmana kA ullekha :- "AgrahaparigrahAdapi padasthairyaparyavasAyastasmAtpadAnAM parivRttivaimukhyaM pAkaH" iti vAmanIyAH / (pRSTha - 50) kAvyamImAMsA - (paJcama adhyAya) Anandavardhana kA ullekha :- "pratibhAvyutpattyoH pratibhA zreyasI" ityaanndH| (pRSTha - 38) kAvyamImAMsA - (paJcama adhyAya) vAkpatirAja kA ullekha :- 'na' iti vaakptiraajH| "AsaMsAramudAraiH kavibhiH prtidingRhiitsaaro'pi| adyA'pyabhinnamudro vibhAti vAcAM prispndH|" kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) (pRSTha - 154) 3 'kAkuvakroktirnAma zabdAlaGkAro'yam' iti ruudrttH| kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya) (pRSTha - 78)

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[13] (samaya-vikramAbda 914-941, I0 sana 857-884) kI sabhA meM the| AcArya rAjazekhara ina AcAryo ke paravartI the| AcArya rAjazekhara kA ullekha karane vAle paravartI AcArya : AcArya rAjazekhara ko uddhRta karane vAle AcAryoM meM dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke dhanaJjaya, somadeva, kSemendra, soDDhala, abhinavagupta, kuntaka, mammaTa Adi pramukha haiN| vAgbhaTa, hemacandra, arisiMha, devezvara, amaracandra, kezavamizra tathA vizvanAtha ne bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ke uddharaNoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| jaina kavi somadeva ne apane yazastilakacampU meM pUrvavartI sAhityakAroM kI nAmAvalI meM rAjazekhara ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai / yazastilakacampU kA racanAkAla san 959 I0 hai| dhanaJjaya ne apane 'dazarUpaka' meM AcArya rAjazekhara ke vibhinna zlokoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| unhoMne prapaJca ke prasaGga meM karpUramaJjarI kA uddharaNa prastuta kiyA hai 3 Ayoga kI dasa avasthAoM meM se 'Ananda' ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM bhI dhanaJjaya ne AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'viddhazAlabhaJjikA' ke zloka kA ullekha kiyA hai| dhanaJjaya kA samaya 974 I0 se 994 I0 ke madhya kA hai| antataH vibhinna rAjanaitika, sAhityika sAkSya tathA rAjazekhara dvArA prastuta antaH sAkSya unheM 880 I0 se 970 I0 taka ke kAla kA siddha karate haiN| isa kAla meM apanI pratibhA ke prakAza se AcArya rAjazekhara ne sAhitya jagat ko Alokita tathA mahimAmaNDita kiyaa| 1. muktAkaNa: zivasvAmI kavirAnandavardhanaH prathAM ratnAkarazcAgAt saamraajye'vntivrmnnH|| (rAjataraGgiNI - taraGga-5, zloka -149) 2 yathA urvabhAravi-bhavabhUti-bhartRharibhatRmeNThakaNThaguNAThyavyAsa-bhAsa bANa-kAlidAsa mayUranArAyaNa kumAra maadhraajshekhraadimhaakvikaavyessu| (yazastilakacampU, caturtha ucchvAsa, 2/113) 3. "asadbhUtaM mithaH stotraM prapaJco hAsyakRnmata:----- | yathA karpUramaJjayAM bhairavAnandaH raNDA caNDA dIkSitA dharmadArA madyaM mAsaM pIyate khAdyate c| bhikSA bhojyaM carmakhaNDaM ca zayyA kaulo dharma: kasya no bhAti rmyH||" (dazarUpaka - 3-15) 4. "Anando yathA viddhazAlabhaJjikAyAm sudhAbaddha grAsairUpavana cakorai nusRtAM kiratra jyotsnAmacchAM navalavalipAkapraNayinIm" (dazarUpaka - 4-54/55)

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[14] AcArya rAjazekhara kA janmasthAna evam vaMzaH: AcArya rAjazekhara kA janma yAyAvara vaMza meM mahArASTra ke vidarbha nAmaka sthAna meM huA thaa| yAyAvaravaMza brAhmaNoM kA thaa| ata: rAjazekhara brAhmaNa the| vidarbha kA Adhunika nAma barAra hai| vidarbha ko atyadhika mahatva sambhavata: apanI janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM hI AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA diyA gayA hai| isako sarasvatI kA janma sthAna tathA vAGmaya kI vilAsabhUmi kahA gayA hai| vidarbha ke vatsagulma nagara meM hI sArasvateya kAvyapuruSa ne sAhityavidyAvadhU se vivAha kiyA / vatsagulma akolA jile meM sthita vAzima kA hI prAcIna nAma hai| zrI nArAyaNadIkSita bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ko mahArASTra kA hI mAnate the| yAyAvara vaMza tatkAlIna mahArASTra kA suprasiddha brAhmaNavaMza thaa| yAyAvara eka sthAna para na rahakara prAya: yAtrA karate rahane vAle loga the| yaha yAyAvara sanyAsI na hokara gRhastha athavA vAnaprasthI santa the| aitareya brAhmaNa meM bhI nirantara yAtrA karane vAle logoM kA varNana hai| aise hI brAhmaNa yAyAvara vaMza meM 1. (ka) "This Brahmana family hailed from Maharashtra Vatsagulma, modern Basim (properly Vasim) in the Akola District of Madhya Pradesh was probably its original place of habitation." (Corpus Inscriptionum, Indicarum, Vol. IV (Introduction) P. CIXXIV. Mirashi) (kha) "vaha svayaM mahArASTra kA hI brAhmaNa thA, parantu kannauja ke darabAra meM jAkara vahA~ rAjagurU niyukta ho gayA thaa|" (madhyakAlIna bhAratakI sAmAjika avasthA, hindustAnI ekeDamI vyAkhyAnamAlA, allAmA abdullAha yUsupha, pRSTha 36, 1927-28 I.) 2 (ka) "tatrAsti manojanmano devasya krIDAvAso vidarbheSu vatsagulma nAma ngrm| tatra sArasvateyastAmaumeyIM gndhrvvtprinninaay|" kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya, pRSTha - 23) (kha) sugriivH-bhrtaagrj| ayamagre mhaaraassttrvissyH| rAma: - yat kSaimaM tridivAya vartma nigamasyAGgaM ca yat saptamam svAdiSTaM ca yadaikSavAdapi rasAccakSuzca yad vAGamayam / tadyasminmadhuraM prasAdi rasavat kAntaJca kAvyAmRtam so'yaM subhra puro vidarbhaviSayaH sArasvatI jnmbhuuH|| (bAlarAmAyaNa - adhyAya-10, zloka-74) 3 "bAlarAmAyaNe svasya mahArASTravarNanAt mahArASTra: kaviH------" (viddhazAlamaJjikA kI TIkA kI prastAvanA) zrI nArAyaNa dIkSita) 4. puSpiNyau carato jaGke bhUSNurAtmA phlegrhiH| zere'ya sarve pApmAnaH zrameNa prapathe htaaH|| (aitareya brAhmaNa, 7/15/2)

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[15] utpanna AcArya rAjazekhara apane vaMza ke nAmase apane Apa ko gauravAnvita samajhate the| isI kAraNa 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM unhoMne aneka sthAnoM para apane vicAra 'iti yAyAvarIyaH' kahakara prastuta kie haiN| kItha mahodaya AcArya rAjazekhara ko kSatriya kula meM utpanna kavi mAnate the, kyoMki unake vicArAnusAra yAyAvara kula sUryavaMzI kSatriyoM kA kula hai| kintu kItha mahodaya ne AcArya rAjazekhara ko kSatriya kanyA se vivAha ke kAraNa kSatriya mAna liyaa| kintu yAyAvara vaMzake rAjazekhara ne svayaM ko upAdhyAya kahakara bhI apanA brAhmaNatva siddha kiyA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kavicaryA nAmaka adhyAya meM kavi ke sandhyAvandana, pUjApATha tathA paThanapAThana kI carcA kI gaI hai| yaha sabhI kArya brAhmaNa ke hI haiN| mahArAjAdhirAja mahendrapAla kA gurU honA AcArya rAjazekhara kI brAhmaNavRtti ke anukUla hI hai| 'atrisaMhitA' meM brAhmaNa tathA kSatriya ke karmoM ke antara kA ullekha hai|2 AcArya rAjazekhara jisa yAyAvara vaMza se sambaddha the, una yAyAvaroM kA ullekha baudhAyana dharmasUtra tathA mahAbhArata meM bhI hai| baudhAyana dharmasUtra ke yAyAvara ve bhikSu haiM, jo uttama jIvikA se nirvAha karate hue zAlA yA gharoM meM rahate the 3 mahAbhArata ke Adiparva meM yAyAvaroM ko vratadhArI RSi kahA gayA hai / niSkarSata: AcArya rAjazekhara kA upAdhyAyatva unheM vRtyanusAra brAhmaNa hI siddha karatA hai, to unakA yAyAvara vaMza brAhmaNoM kA hI thA aura AcArya rAjazekhara mahArASTra ke yAyAvaravaMzIya brAhmaNa the| 1. "He was of a Maharashtra Kshatriya family of the Yayavaras, who claimed decent from Ram." (The Sanskrit Drama-A.B. Keith) (Page - 231, Ed. 1954) 2. "karma viprasya yajanaM dAnamadhyayanaM tpH| pratigraho'dhyApanaM ca yAjanaM ceti vRttyH|| kSatriyasyApi yajanaM dAnamadhyayanaM tpH| zastropajIvanaM bhartRrakSaNaM ceti vRttayaH / / (atrisaMhitA - zloka 13-14) 3. "atha shaaliinyaayaavraannaam|" "vRttyAvarayA yAtIti yaayaavrtvm|" (baudhAyanadharmasUtra, pra-3, a0-1, zloka-1-14) 4. "yAyAvarA nAma vayamRSayaH sNshitvrtaaH|" (mahAbhArata, Adiparva-41/16)

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[16] AcArya rAjazekhara kI kula paramparA : AcArya rAjazekhara kA kula aneka yazasvI vidvAnoM, kaviyoM tathA rAjanItijJoM se mahimAmaNDita thA, ata: unakA vyaktitva bhI unake kulaparamparAgata pANDitya se ota prota thaa| akAlajalada, surAnanda, tarala evam kavirAja AcArya rAjazekhara ke vaMza ke hI kavi the| AcArya rAjazekhara ne apanI kula paramparA kA bAlarAmAyaNa meM spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| sarvaguNasampanna akAlajalada tathA zrutimadhura sUktiyoM ke racayitA surAnanda avazya hI paryApta prasiddhi prApta kara cuke the| surAnanda kavi hone ke sAtha hI sAtha kAvya zAstra ke jJAtA bhI the| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA meM unake haraNa se sambaddha vicAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 2 yaha surAnanda mahArASTra ke hI eka bhAga cedI meM rAjA raNavigraha ke yahA~ rahate the 3 AcArya rAjazekhara AmuSyAyaNa gotra ke the| yaha akAlajalada ke prapautra tathA darduka ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma zIlavatI thaa| inake pitA darduka kisI rAjA ke mahAmantrI bhI the 5 darduka kisa rAjA ke mantri the yaha spaSTa to nahIM hai, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara kA bAlyakAla meM hI pratihAra rAjAoM ke darabAra meM praveza yaha to siddha karane meM samartha hI hai ki unake pitA mihirabhoja tathA mahendrapAla ke darabAra meM hI ucca pada para AsIna rahe hoNge| unakA mahAmantri honA yaha bhI siddha karatA hai ki saMbhavataH ve kavi na rahe hoM, kintu 1 "sa mUrto yatrAsId guNagaNa ivAkAlajaladaH surAnandaH so'pi zravaNapuTapeyena vcsaa| na cAnye gaNyante taralakavirAjaprabhRtayo mahAbhAgastasminnayamajani yaayaavrkule||" (bAlarAmAyaNa, prathama aGka, zloka-13) 2. "tA imA tulyadehitulyasya parisaMkhyAH 'so'yamullekhavAnanugrAhyo mArgaH' iti suraanndH| (kAvyamImAMsA - trayodaza adhyAya) 3. nadInAM mekalasutA nRpANAM rnnvigrhH| kavInAM ca suraanndshcedimnnddlmnnddnm|| jalhaNa-saktimuktAvalI (4-87) 4. "tadAmuSyAyaNasya mahArASTracUDAmaNerakAlajaladasya caturtho dauTuMkiH zIlavatIsUnurUpAdhyAya zrI rAjazekhara ityaparyApta bhumaanen|" (bAlarAmAyaNa, prathama aGka, pRSTha-12) 5. (ka) "uktaM hi tenaiva mhaamntriputrenn|" (bAlarAmAyaNa, prathama aGka, pRSTha-3) (kha) "sUktamidaM tenaiva mntrisuten|" (bAlarAmAyaNa, prathama aGka, pRSTha-8)

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[17] vidvAn, rAjanItijJa avazya the| 'sUktimuktAvalI' meM tarala nAmaka kavi kA bhI ullekha hai jinhoMne 'suvarNabandha' nAmaka racanA dvArA yAyAvarakula kI zrIvRddhi kI thii|1 yAyAvaravaMza meM rAjazekhara ke jina pUrvaja kavirAja kA nAmollekha hai unake viSaya meM koI paricaya prApta nahIM hotaa| rAjazekhara ne yaha ullekha to avazya kiyA hai ki unake sabhI pUrvaja prasiddha the, kintu inameM se kisI kI bhI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kA vyaktitva : bAlyakAla se hI rAjadarabAra meM praviSTa AcArya rAjazekhara nirantara kisI na kisI rAjA ke sabhAkavi the| unhoMne apane lie 'bAlakavi' tathA 'kavirAja' zabda prayukta kie haiN| saMbhavata: yaha kisI rAjadarabAra se prApta upAdhiyA~ hoN| vaha pratihAravaMzI nareza mahendrapAla kI sabhA meM rAjagurU athavA upAdhyAya ke pada para pratiSThita the 3 kintu vaha 'bAlakavi' saMbhavataH mahendrapAla ke pitA mihirabhoja kI sabhA meM the| AcArya rAjazekhara svayaM ko bAlmIki, bhartRmeNTha tathA bhavabhUti kA avatAra svIkAra karate the,4 ata: ina kaviyoM se vaha avazya hI prabhAvita the| vaha kavirAja kI upAdhi se vibhUSita bhI the| 1. "yAyAvarakulazreNehariyaSTezca mnnddnm| suvarNabandharucirastaralastaralo ythaa| (sUktimuktAvalI) karpUramaJjarI (kono) pR0 183 (dvi0 saM0 1963) 2 bAlakaviH kavirAjo nirbhayarAjasya tthopaadhyaayH| ityasya paramparayA AtmA maahaatmymaaruuddhH|| (karpUramaJjarI-1-9) 3 (ka) "devo yasya mahendrapAlanRpatiH ziSyo rghugraamnniiH|" bAlarAmAyaNa - (1/18) bAlabhArata - (1/11) (kha) "raghukulatilako mahendrapAlaH sakalakalAnilayaH sa yasya shissyH| (viddhazAlabhaJjikA-1/6) 4. "tatra caivaMvidho daivajJAnAM pravAda" . "babhUva balmIkabhavaH kavi purA tataH prapede bhuvi bhartRmeNThatAm / sthitaH punaryo bhavabhUtirekhayA saH vartate samprati raajshekhrH||" (bAlabhArata - 1-12)

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[18] usa samaya kavirAja vahI ho sakatA thA, jo kavi vibhinna bhASAoM, vibhinna prabandhoM tathA vibhinna rasoM meM kAvyanirmANa meM samartha ho| unakI kRtiyA~ unakI kavirAja upAdhi kI sArthakatA ko siddha karatI haiN| eka prakAra ke prabandha nirmANa meM pravINa hone para koI mahAkavi to ho sakatA thA, kavirAja nhiiN| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara kavirAja the| vaha saMskRta, prAkRta, paizAcI evam apabhraMza bhASAoM ke prakANDa vidvAn the| apanI sarvabhASAvicakSaNatA para unheM garva thaa| unake samaya meM sabhI bhASAe~ pracalita thIM aura unameM kAvyaracanA hotI thii| kAvyamImAMsA ke dazama adhyAya meM rAjAoM ke kavi darabAra ke citraNa meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne rAjasiMhAsana ke cAroM ora cAra bhASAoM ke kaviyoM ke baiThane kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM tathA rAjasabhAoM meM sabhI bhASAoM ke kaviyoM ko sammAna prApta thaa| sabhI bhASAoM ke vidvAn rAjazekhara jaise kavi to avazya hI parama AdaraNIya rahe hoNge| isI kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI kavi dhanapAla, soDaDhala aura kSemendra Adi unakI kAvyapratibhA se atyadhika prabhAvita the| AcArya rAjazekhara veda, vedAGgoM ke, vibhinna zAstroM tathA purANoM ke prakANDa vidvAn the| isI kAraNa 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM vyAkaraNazAstra kA, vibhinna purANoM kA, kauTilIya arthazAstra, manusmRti, 1 "yo'nyataraprabandhe pravINaH sa mhaakviH|" "yastu tatra tatra bhASA vizeSe teSu prabandheSu tasmiMstasmiMzca rase pravINaH, sa kviraajH| te yadi jagatyapi ktipye|" kAvyamImAMsA - (paJcama adhyAya) 2 (ka) "samAdhiguNazAlinyaH prsnnpripktrimaaH| yAyAvarakavervAco munInAmiva vRttyH||" (tilakamaJjarI-33, dhanapAla) (kha) yAyAvaraH prAjJavaro guNajJairAzaMsitaH sUrisamAjavaryaiH nRtyatyudAraM bhaNite rasasthA naTIva yasyoDharasA pdshrii:|" ('udayasundarIkathA' kavivaMzavarNana, soDDhala) kAvyamImAMsA - (bihArarASTrabhASA pariSada kI bhUmikA se) (ga) "zArdulakrIDitaireva prakhyAto raajshekhrH| zikharIva paraM vakraiH sollekhairuccshekhrH||" (suvRttatilaka, kSemendra, 3-35)

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[19] nATyazAstra Adi kA AdhAra unake dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| kAvyazAstra ke bhI vaha paramajJAtA the, isI kAraNa kAvyazAstra ke prAcIna AcAryoM kA ullekha unhoMne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kiyA hai| unakA bhaugolika jJAna unakI yAtrA karane kI yAyAvarIya pravRtti ko spaSTa karatA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara isa dhAraNA ke samarthaka the ki kavi kA kAvya usake svabhAva ko avazya pratibimbita karatA hai| isI kAraNa vaha vANI, mana tathA zarIra kI pavitratA ko kavi ke lie Avazyaka mAnate the|1 kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita 'kavicaryA' prakaraNa spaSTa karatA hai ki unhoMne apane jIvana ko bhI samaya ke niyamita vibhAga se tathA vANI, mana tathA zarIra kI pavitratA se sundara tathA yazasvI banAyA hogaa| ve pariSkRta ruci sampanna prakRtipremI the, 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita kavi kA AvAsa unake inhIM guNoM ko prakaTa karatA hai vaha kAvya kI sabhI vidyAoM, upavidyAoM ke svayaM bhI jJAtA the aura kaviyoM ko kAvyaracanA se pUrva unake jJAna prApta karane kA upadeza bhI dete the 1 AcArya rAjazekhara kI viduSI patnI : AcArya rAjazekhara udAra vicAroM ke vidvAn vyakti the| ve striyoM kI bhI vidvatA kA sammAna karate theTa AcArya rAjazekhara kI patnI avanti sundarI cauhAnavaMza kI, kSatriyoM ke mUrdhanya kula kI thIM, 3 jinase AcArya rAjazekhara ne antajAMtIya anuloma vivAha kiyA thaa| avantisundarI saMskRta, prAkRta tathA janabhASA kI parama viduSI mahilA thiiN| alaGkArazAstra meM bhI ve nipuNa thiiN| pAka ke viSaya meM unhoMne AcArya 1. "sa yatsvabhAvaH kavistadanurUpam kaavym|" " api ca nityaM zuciH syAt / " 2 " purUSavat yoSito'pi kavibhaveyuH, saMskAro hyAtmani samavaiti / na straiNaM pauruSaM vA vibhAgamapekSate / " kAvyamImAMsA ( dazama adhyAya) kAvyamImAMsA ( dazama adhyAya) 3. " cAhuANakulamolimAliA rAusehara kaiMdagehiNI bhatuNo kiimavaMtisundarI sA pauMjaiDameamicchai / (karpUramaJjarI, 1-11)

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[20] vAmana ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA thaa| zabdaharaNa tathA rasa paripAka ke unake mahatvapUrNa mata 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA ullikhita haiN| apanI viduSI patnI ke kAraNa bhI unheM viziSTa khyAti prApta huI thii|2 AcArya rAjazekhara kI karmabhUmi-kannauja : AcArya rAjazekhara ke samaya meM pratihAroM kA sAmrAjya-vistAra ho cukA thaa| unake vizAla sAmrAjya AryAvarta kI tatkAlIna rAjadhAnI 'mahodaya' nagara thaa| mahodaya kAnyakubja kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kAnyakubja ke gurjarapratihAravaMzI nareza mahendrapAla ke gurU the| mahendrapAla ke putra mahIpAla ke darabAra meM bhI AcArya rAjazekhara rahe the| mahIpAla samasta AryAvarta kA mahArAjAdhirAja thaa| yadyapi AcArya rAjazekhara vidarbha deza ke mahArASTra the kintu kannauja ke kAvyapremI rAjA dUsare dezoM ke kaviyoM ko bhI Azraya tathA sammAna dete the| mahendrapAla kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake putroM meM paraspara virodha hone para kucha samaya ke lie kannauja kI sthiti bigar3a gii| mahIpAla kA zAsana bhI sudRr3ha na raha sakA, tava AcArya rAjazekhara yuvarAjadeva 'keyUravarSa' ke darabAra meM kalacurI cale ge| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara kA priya sthAna kannauja hI thaa| isI kAraNa vaha yuvarAjadeva kI sabhA meM bhI svayaM ko kannauja ke mahendrapAla kA gurU kahane meM gauravAnvita anubhava karate rhe| unhoMne kannauja meM hI 'karpUramaJjarI' tathA 'bAlarAmAyaNa' kI racanA mahendrapAla ke samaya meM kI thii| kalacurI ke yuvarAjadeva 'keyUravarSa' ke Azraya meM unhoMne 'viddhazAlabhaJjikA' kI racanA kii| jaba mahIpAla ne punaH apane zAsana ko sudRr3ha kiyA, kannauja kI sthiti bhI sudhara gaI, taba AcArya rAjazekhara ne kannauja lauTakara apane isI priyanagara meM 1. "iyamazaktirna punaH pAka: "ityavantisundarI" kAvyamImAMsA - (paJcama adhyAya) 2 sadvijJAnaM kulatilakatAM yAti dArairUdAraiH phullA kIrtibhraMmati sukaverdikSu yaayaarsy|" (bAlarAmAyaNa, prathama aGka, zloka-6) 3 "raghukulatilako mahendrapAla: sakalakalAnilayaH sa yasya shissyH| (viddhazAlabhaJjikA-16)

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'bAlabhArata' nAmaka nATaka kI racanA mahIpAladeva ke Azraya meM kI unakA antima grantha 'kAvyamImAMsA kannauja meM hI racA gayA thaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ko madhyadeza tathA usakA nagara kAnyakubja parama priya thA / pAJcAla deza jo madhyadeza bhI thA, ke janapadoM meM pAJcAla, zUrasena, hastinApura, kAzmIra, vAhIka, bAhrIka, bAhraveya Adi prasiddha the| kannauja meM bhArata ke sabhI kSetroM ke logoM kA AvAgamana adhikatA se hotA thA, kyoMki prasiddha pratihAravaMzI narezoM kI rAjanIti kA kendra bindu yahI nagara thA / bhArata ke sabhI sthAnoM se vibhinna bhASA-bhASiyoM ke Agamana se yahA~ ke loga sarvabhASAvicakSaNa ho gae the| isI prakAra kannauja kA AcAra-vicAra, rahana sahana sampUrNa bhArata ko prabhAvita karatA thaa| AcArya rAjazekhara madhyadeza ke kavi ko 'sarvabhASAniSaSNa' mAnate the aura ve svayaM sarvabhASA-vicakSaNa the 2 isa pAJcAla deza ke pradhAna nagara kAnyakubja kI ramaNiyoM kI veparacanA, bolacAla kI sundarazailI, kezoM kI AkarSaka racanA aura AbhUSaNa pahanane ke prakAra para AcArya rAjazekhara parama mugdha the aura yaha bhI svIkAra karate the ki kAnyakubja kI lalanAoM ke sampUrNa vyaktitva se bhArata ke anya kSetroM kI striyA~ bhI prabhAvita thIM 13 AcArya rAjazekhara kAvyapATha kI dRSTi se tathA uccAraNa kI dRSTi se bhI pAJcAla deza ke kaviyoM kI sarvazreSThatA svIkAra karate the 4 AcArya rAjazekhara ke jIvanakAla ke kaI grantha kannauja meM hI racita hue / [21] 1. tatazca sa pAJcAlAnpratyuccAla yatra pAJcAlazUrasenahastinApurakAzmIrabAhIkabAhIkabAhraveyAdayo janapadAH / kAvyamImAMsA (tRtIya adhyAya) 2 3. yo madhye madhyadezaM nivasati sa kaviH sarvabhASAniSaNNaH / " kAvyamImAMsA ( dazama adhyAya, pRSTha-126 ) (ka) "tADaGkavalganataraGgitagaNDalekhamAnAbhilambidaradolitatArahAram / AzroNigulphaparimaNDalitAntarIyam veSaM kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya, pRSTha-20) namasyata mhodysundriinnaam|" : (kha) yo mArga paridhAnakarmaNi girAM yA sUktimudrAkramo bhaGgiryA kavarIcayeSu racanaM yad bhUSaNAlISu ca dRSTaM sundari kAnyakubjalalanAlokairihAnyacca yat zikSante sakalAsu dikSu tarasA tat kautukinyaH striyaH // - - (bAlarAmAyaNa ( 10/90) 4. 'mArgAnugena ninadena nidhirguNAnAM sampUrNavarNaracano yatibhirvibhaktaH / pAJcAlamaNDalabhuvAM subhagaH kavInAM zrotre madhu kSati kiJcana kAvyapAThaH // " kAvyamImAMsA (saptama adhyAya, pRSTha 85 ) -

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[22] 'kAvyamImAMsA' kI racanA ke samaya bhI vaha madhyadeza kI isI mahodaya nagarI meM the, yaha tathya isI bAta se pramANita hotA hai ki unhoMne kAvyamImAMsA meM prastuta digvibhAga isI sthAna ko kendra mAnakara kiyA hai| unhoMne bhArata ke uttara, dakSiNa, pUrva, pazcima ke parvata aura nadiyoM kA vivaraNa to prastuta kiyA hai, kintu madhyadeza ke sambandha meM aisI AvazyakatA kA anubhava nahIM karate 2 unake vicAra se madhyadeza ke vivaraNa sabhI ko jJAta haiM, aisA vicAra vaha madhyadeza meM upasthita rahane ke kAraNa hI prakaTa kara sake hoNge| AcArya rAjazekhara kI racanAe~ : saMskRta sAhityazAstra meM AcArya rAjazekhara ke sAta granthoM kA ullekha hai nATaka-bAlarAmAyaNa tathA baalbhaart| naattikaa-viddhshaalbhnyjikaa| sttttk-krpuurmnyjrii| kAvyazAstrIya grnth-kaavymiimaaNsaa| mhaakaavy-hrvilaas| bhUgola viSayaka grantha 'bhuvanakoza' / samprati unake kevala pA~ca hI grantha upalabdha haiN| 'haravilAsa' tathA 'bhuvanakoza' prApta nahIM hote| 1 "vinshnpryaagyognggaaymunyoshcaantrmntrvedii| tadapekSayA dizo vibhajeta" iti aacaaryaaH| tatrApi mahodayaM mUlamavadhIkRtya iti yaayaavriiyH| kAvyamImAMsA - (saptadaza adhyAya, pRSTha-239) 2. "teSA madhye madhyadeza iti kvivyvhaarH| na cA'yaM nAnugantA shaastraarthsy| yadAhu: "himavadvindhyayormadhyaM yatprAgvinazanAdapi pratyageva prayAgAcca madhyadezaH prkiirtitH|" tatra ca ye dezAH parvatA: saritaH dravyANAmutpAdazca tatprasiddhisiddhamiti na nirdissttm| kAvyamImAMsA - (saptadaza adhyAya, pRSTha-238)

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'bAlarAmAyaNa' kI prastAvanA meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne ullekha kiyA hai ki unake SaT prabandha haiN|1 bhUgola viSayaka 'bhuvanakoza' nAmaka grantha ke viSaya meM unhoMne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM svayaM likhA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke 17veM adhyAya meM kaviyoM ke jJAna hetu AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhAratavarSa kA saMkSipta bhUgola prastuta kiyA aura kahA hai ki jo adhika jAnanA cAhe mere 'bhuvanakoza' ko dekhe kintu vaha grantha aba aprApta hai| yadyapi tAtkAlika bhaugolika jJAna ke lie 'kAvyamImAMsA' paryApta hai| , 'haravilAsa' mahAkAvya ke sambandha meM AcArya rAjazekhara to mauna haiM kintu jaina AcArya hemacandra ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM tathA ujjavaladatta ne 'uNAdisUtravRtti' meM isa grantha kI carcA kI hai| 3 kintu yaha grantha upalabdha na hone se isake sambandha meM spaSTa pramANa denA saMbhava nahIM hai| [23] AcArya rAjazekhara ne 900 I0 ke lagabhaga mahendrapAla ke samaya meM 'karpUramaJjarI' kI racanA kii| isa nATikA meM caNDapAla aura kuntala deza kI rAjakumArI karpUramaJjarI kI praNayakathA varNita hai| prAkRta bhASA meM racita hone ke kAraNa yaha grantha 'saTTaka' kahalAyA / jisa prabandha meM nATikA kA pUrNa anukaraNa 1. " yadyasti svasti tubhyaM bhava paThanarrucirviddhi naH SaT prabandhAn -- 2 " itthaM dezavibhAgo mudrAmAtreNa sUtritaH sudhIyAm / yastu jigISatyadhikaM pazyatu madbhuvanakozamasau // " kAvyamImAMsA 3 (ka) svanAmAGkatA yathA rAjazekharasya hrvilaase|" " 'AzIryathA haravilAse omityekAkSaraM brahma zrutInAM mukhamakSaram prasIdatu satAM svAnteSvekaM tripuruSImayam // " 'sujanadurjanasvarUpaM yathA haravilAse itastato bhavan bhUri na patet pizunaH zunaH avadAtatayA kiJca na bhedo hasataH sataH // " 44 - - " ( bAlarAmAyaNa, 1-11) (kha) "dazAnanakSiptakhuraprakhaNDitaH kvacid gatArtho haradIdhitiryathA / - iti haravilAse" (saptadaza adhyAya, pRSTha 248 ) (kAvyAnuzAsana hemacandra pRSTha 435 ) - (uNAdisUtravRtti - ujjavaladatta, 2 - 28 )

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[24] ho kevala pravezaka aura viSkambhaka na hoM, use saTTaka kahate haiN| 'saTTaka' kevala prAkRta bhASA meM hI hotA hai| rAjA mahendrapAla ke samaya meM racita inakA 'bAlarAmAyaNa' nAmaka nATaka pUrvarAmacaritra para AdhArita hai| samprati kevala do aGko meM upalabdha 'bAlabhArata' mahAbhArata kI kathA para AdhArita hai tathA rAjA mahIpAla ke samaya meM racita nATaka hai| 'viddhazAlabhaJjikA' sarvabhASAvicakSaNa, adbhuta bhASAkauzala vAle kavirAja rAjazekhara dvArA racita cAra aGkoM vAlI nATikA hai| yaha nATikA kalacurI nareza yuvarAjadeva 'keyUravarSa' ke zAsanakAla meM racI gii| AcArya rAjazekhara kI antima racanA 'kAvyamImAMsA' ne unheM AcAryatva pradAna kiyaa| yaha kAvyazAstrIya grantha vibhinna maulika vipayoM se paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa vivecanA ke yogya granthoM kI zreNI meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna banA cukA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ko sarvAdhika khyAti isI grantha se prApta huii| 1(ka) so saTTao ttibhaNai dUraM jo NADiAi annuhri| kiM uNa pavesavikkhambhaMkAi kevalaM Na diisnti| (karpUramaJjarI-prastAvanA, - 1-6) (kha) "saTTakazca kaishcit| viSkambhaka-praveza-rahito yastvekabhASayA bhavati asaMskRtaprAkRtayA saTTako naattikaaprtimH|" (kAvyAnuzAsana - hemacandra, pRSTha-432)

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dvitIya adhyAya kAvyamImAMsA ke vividha rocaka prasaGga (ka) AcArya rAjazekhara kA kAvyapuruSa (kha) kAvya evam sAhitya (ga) rIti, vRtti evam pravRtti (gha) kAku evam kAvyapATha (ka) AcArya rAjazekhara kA kAvyapuruSa : sarasvatI putra sArasvata ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyapuruSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| sarasvatI kI kRpA se prApta pratibhA ke hI AdhAra para kavi ke kAvya kA udbhava hotA hai-isa AdhAra para sarasvatI ke hI putra ko kAvya kahane kA aucitya bhI hai| kintu isa viSaya ko eka rucikara AkhyAna ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bANabhaTTa ke harSacarita meM sarasvatI ke sArasvata nAmaka putra kI utpatti cyavana RSi ke putra dadhIci dvArA batAI gaI hai,1 tathA mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM bhI sArasvata kA ullekha hai|2 AcArya rAjazekhara ne isa kathAnaka kA atyalpa AdhAra grahaNa karate hue sAkSAt prajApati brahmadeva ke dvArA 1. 'dadhIcasyAgamanaM, sarasvatyA saha vAsaH, tayoH putrotpatti:--------------tasmai tu jAtamAtrAyaiva samyak sarahasyAH sarve vedAH, sarvANi ca zAstrANi, sakalAzca kalAH sarvAzca vidyAH matprasAdAt svayamevAvirbhaviSyantIti' vrmdaat| ------------------------ yasminneva vAsare sarasvatyasUt tanayaM tasminneva divase akSamAlApi sutaM prsuutvtii|--------ekstyo: sArasvatyAkhya evaabhvt| (bANabhaTTa kA harSacarita,prathama ucchvAsa) 2. atha bhUyo jagatsRSTA bhoH shbdenaanunaadyn| sarasvatImuccacAra tatra saarsvto'bhvt| (adhyAya-359, mahAbhArata,zAntiparva)

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[26] sarasvatI ko putra prApti hone kA varNana kara use sArasvateya kAvyapuruSa mAnA hai| sarasvatI kI tapasyA se prasanna brahmA ne unake lie putra kA sRjana kiyaa|| AcArya rAjazekhara ne apanA grantha kAvyavidyA ke ziSyoM ke lie prastuta kiyaa| ata: kAvya kI prAmANikatA aura upAdeyatA para prakAza DAlate hue, ziSyoM ke samakSa kAvya ke bhavya rUpa ko upasthita karanA unakA abhISTa thaa| eka rocaka AkhyAna kI kalpanA dvArA kAvya kA purANa puruSa brahmA evam vAgdevI sarasvatI se sambandha jor3akara, usakI prAcInatA evam mahattA ko siddha karanA hI AcArya kA lakSya pratIta hotA hai| isa kAvya ke pratIka kAvyapuruSa kA pramukha vaiziSTya hai-chandobaddha vaannii| isa sarasvatI putra ne mahAmuni uzanA ke hRdaya meM chandobaddha vANI kI preraNA kI aura isa prakAra vaidika vAGmaya meM chandabaddha vANI ke darzana hue| chandabaddha vANI ke kAraNa uzanA kavi kahalAe tathA isI kAraNa lakSaNA se chandabaddha racanA karane vAle sabhI kavi khlaae| bAlmIki racita rAmAyaNa laukika kaviyoM kA Adi kAvya mAnA jAtA hai| kintu 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM uzanA Adi kavi haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bhRguputra uzanas (zukra) kI kavi nAma se prasiddhi thI, isa paramparA ko svIkAra karate hue uzanA ko Adi kavi ke rUpa meM prastuta karanA hI thaa| kAvyotpatti kI kathA bAlmIki ke 'mA niSAda-------' isa rAmAyaNa ke zloka se prArambha hotI hai| ina donoM prasaGgoM kA sambandha jor3ane ke lie AcArya rAjazekhara ne chandobaddha vANI kA prArambha mahAmuni uzanA se mAnA hai tathA kAvyaprabandha kA prathama racayitA bAlmIki ko mAnA hai| isa adbhuta kAvyapuruSAkhyAna meM sArasvateya kAvyapuruSa ne zizu kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA, sarasvatI dvArA ekAnta meM chor3A gayA, taba dhUpa se santapta usa zizu ko uzanA apane Azrama meM le gae, isI kAvyapuruSa kI preraNA se 1. 'purA putrIyantI sarasvatI tuSAragirau tpsyaamaas| prItena manasA tAM viriJcaH provAca-putraM te sRjAmi / athaiSA kAvyapuruSaM kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) sussuve|'

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[27] unhoMne sarvaprathama chandobaddha vANI kA uccAraNa kiyA aura isI kAraNa kavi khlaae| snAna karane ke pazcAt lauTI sarasvatI ko mahAmuni bAlmIki ne kAvyapuruSa ke sthAna se avagata kraayaa| ataH prasanna bAgdevI kI prApta kAvyapreraNA se bAlmIki ne " mA niSAda-- kA uccAraNa kiyA tathA 'rAmAyaNa' kI racanA kii| isa kAvyapuruSAkhyAna meM kAvya ke aGga pratyaGga kAvyapuruSa ke zarIra ke aGga pratyaGga ke rUpa meM dRSTigata hote haiM / 1 zabda aura artha kAvyapuruSa ke zarIra haiM, rasa AtmA hai, samatA, prasAda, mAdhurya, audArya evam ojas usake guNa haiM, anuprAsa, upamA Adi usake alaGkAra haiM, ukti cAturya vacana haiM, chanda roma haiM tathA praznottara, prahelikA Adi vANI kI krIr3Ae~ haiN| kAvya kA bhI to aisA hI svarUpa kAvyazAstra meM parilakSita hotA hai| kAvyapuruSa kI yAtrA kathA meM pravRttiyoM, vRttiyoM evam rItiyoM kA varNana hai| kAvyaracanA zailI kA vikAsa kramazaH hI huA, usameM zanaiH zanaiH saralatA tathA sudhAra parilakSita hone lage / anta meM vaidarbhI rIti kI racanA sarvotkRSTa rahI, kyoMki isase kAvyapuruSa meM prasAda guNa adhika mAtrA meM utpanna huaa| prajApati brahmA evam vAgdevI sarasvatI se kAvya kA sambandha siddha karatA huA yaha kAvyapuruSAkhyAna adhikAMzataH kAlpanika hone para bhI kAvyavidyA ke jijJAsu ziSyoM ke sammukha kAvya kI alaukika mahattA ko siddha karatA hai tathA kAvyavidyA ko adhikAdhika grAhya banAtA hai| isa rocaka AkhyAna kA pramukha lakSya kAvyavidyAsnAtakoM ko kAvyavidyA ke jJAna kI ora prerita karanA hai / kavizikSA ke hI lie likhe gae isa 'kAvyamImAMsA' nAmaka grantha ke adhikAMza aMzoM ke samAna kAvyapuruSAkhyAna bhI 'kavizikSA' ke hI lakSya ko paripUrNa karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha AkhyAna kAlpanika hote hue bhI sArthaka hai| 1. "zabdArthI te zarIraM, saMskRtaM mukhaM prAkRtaM bAhu jaghanamapabhraMzaH, paizAcaM pAdau, uro mizram samaH prasanno, madhura udAra ojasvI cAsi / ukticaNaM ca te vaco, rasa AtmA, romANi chandAMsi praznottara pravahnikAdikaM ca vAkkeliH, anuprAsopamAdayazca tvAmalaGkurvanti / " kAvyamImAMsA (tRtIya adhyAya) " -

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[28] (kha) kAvya evam sAhitya : kAvyazAstra ke anya sabhI AcAryoM ke samAna AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhI kavidharmarUpa, hitopadezaka, gadyapadyamaya kAvya kI paribhASA 'guNa aura alaGkArayukta vAkya' ke rUpa meM prastuta kI hai| kintu usase pUrva zabda, artha, pada tathA unase nirmita vAkya kA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| vyAkaraNa zAstra ke dvArA prakRti pratyaya se siddha arthapratIti ke lie prayukta abhidheyavAn samudAya zabda hai aura vyAkaraNa zAstra ke anusAra hI zabda jisa vastu kA saMketa karatA hai vaha usakA abhidheya artha hai| zabda aura artha donoM milakara pada kahalAte haiM 2 AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA prastuta zabda aura artha kI yaha paribhASAe~ tathA unake pUrvavartI AcArya bhAmaha aura rudraTa tathA paravartI bhojarAja dvArA prastuta paribhASAe~ unake vyAkaraNika saMyoga ko hI batAtI haiM / AcArya rAjazekhara vAkya meM padoM kI aucityapUrNa upasthiti ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| zabda aura artha ke saMyoga se banane vAle pada jaba abhilaSita bhAva ko vyakta karane ke lie samucita rUpa se saMgrathita hote haiM, taba vAkya banatA hai / / sAmAnyata: eka kriyApada se eka vAkya kI samApti svIkAra kI jAtI hai, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara eka vAkya se eka sampUrNa vicAra kA vyakta honA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| ataH yadi kartA tathA gadyapadyamayatvAt kavidharmatvAt hitopdeshktvaacc|------------ kAvyamImAMsA - (dvitIya adhyAya) 'guNavadalaGkRtaJca vAkyameva kAvyam' kAvyamImAMsA - (SaSTha adhyAya) 2 'vyAkaraNasmRtinirNItaH zabdo niruktanighaNTvAdibhirnirdiSTastadabhidheyo'rthastau padam' kAvyamImAMsA - (SaSTha adhyAya) 3 'nanvakArAdivarNAnAM samudAyo'bhidheyavAn arthapratItaye gItaH zabda itybhidhiiyte| 8 / kAvyAlaGkAra (bhAmaha) (SaSTha pariccheda) 'vastuvAci padaM nAma' 'arthaH punarabhidhAvAn pravartate yasya vAcaka zabda:' kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa) dvitIya adhyAya zabda:-yenoccAritenArthaH prtiiyte| arthaH-yaH zabdena prtyaayte| prathama prakAza, pRSTha-2 pada-padyate'nenArtha iti padam tRtIya prakAza, pRSTha-85 zrRGgAraprakAza (bhojarAja) 4 'padAnAmAbhidhitsitArthagranthanAkara: sandarbho vAkyam' kAvyamImAMsA - (SaSTha adhyAya)

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[29] vacana kA abhiprAya eka hai to aneka kriyApadoM kI upasthiti hone para bhI eka sampUrNa vicAra ko vyakta karane vAlA pada saMdarbha eka hI vAkya hogaa| bAda meM AkAMkSA, yogyatA aura Asakti se yukta padoM ke samUha ko vAkya kahane vAle AcArya vizvanAtha tathA ekArthapara padoM ke samUha ko vAkya kahane vAle AcArya bhojarAja ne AcArya rAjazekhara se samAnatA rakhane vAlI vAkya-paribhASAe~ prastuta kii| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA varNita kAvyapuruSAkhyAna se parilakSita hotA hai ki sAhitya kI carama avasthA meM pahu~cane vAlA kAvya hI zreSThatA kI kasauTI para kharA utaratA hai| isa dRSTi se 'sAhitya' kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| 'sAhitya' zabda 'sahita' se vyutpanna hai| sahita zabda meM 'sa' pUrvasarga 'samaM' kA vAcaka hai aura 'hita' 'dhA' dhAtu (dhAraNa karanA, rakhanA) kA bhUtakAlika kRdanta rUpa hai| sahita kA artha hai samAna rUpa se sthApita, pratiSThita athavA santulita zabda aura artha / mahimabhaTTa kA 'sAhitya' bhI zabda artha ke saMtulana ko vyakta karatA hai| vAGmaya ke zAstra tathA kAvya yaha do bheda haiM aura zabda tathA artha kA sAhitya sarvatra abhISTa hai| vAcya tathA vAcaka kA avinAbhAva sambandha hone se unakA kahIM bhI sAhityaviraha nahIM hotaa| eka ke upasthita hone para dUsarA svayam upasthita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra zabda aura artha kA vyAkaraNika saMyoga hI sAmAnya sAhitya hai| kintu kAvya meM jaba zabdArtha sAhitya kI AkAkSA hotI hai to usameM vaiziSTaya nihita hotA hai| kAvya meM zAstrAdi ke samAna kevala arthapratIti karAne vAlA zabda prayukta nahIM hotA / svAbhAvika zabdArtha sambandha ko jaba kavi apane pratibhAvyApAra dvArA 1. 'ekAkAratayA kArakagrAmasyaikArthatayA ca vacovRttarekamevedaM vAkyam' kAvyamImAMsA - (SaSTha adhyAya) 2 'vAkyaM syAdyogyatAkAGkSAsaktiyuktaH padoccayaH' sAhityadarpaNa (vizvanAtha) dvitIya pariccheda, pRSTha-24 3. ekArthapara: padasamUho vAkyam' - tRtIya prakAza, pRSTha-101, zRMgAraprakAza-bhojarAja 4. 'sAhityaM tulyakakSatvenAnyUnAtiriktatvam' vyakti viveka, dvitIya vimarza, pRSTha 311 5. viziSTameveha sAhityamabhipretam kIdRzam-vakratAvicitraguNAlaGkArasampadAm prsprsprdhaadhirohH| pRSTha-25 vakroktijIvita (kuntaka) prathama unmeSa 6. na ca kAvye zAstrAdivadarthapratItyartha zabdamAtram prayujyate, sahitayoH zabdArthayostatra pryogaat|| vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTTa) dvitIya vimarza, pRSTha - 3 / /

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[30] viziSTa rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai tabhI vaha utkaSTatara sAhitya banakara kAvya ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| kAvya ke zabdoM aura arthoM meM sAdhAraNa zabdoM aura arthoM kI apekSA jo vaiziSTaya nihita hotA hai use AcArya kuntaka ne bhalI prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai-kavi ke vivakSita vizeSa artha ke kathana meM samartha zabda kAvya ke zabda haiM aura kavi kI pratibhA meM tatkAla parisphurita kiJcita utkarSasahita padArtha kAvya ke artha / / isa prakAra kavi kI pratibhA meM tatkAla parisphurita utkarSayukta padArtha tathA usakA pratipAdaka ekamAtra zabda donoM milakara kAvya ke ramaNIya svarUpa ko upasthita karate haiN| jaba zabda aura artha donoM milakara eka hI saundarya ko dhAraNa karate hoM, tabhI kAvya pUrNataH sundara hotA hai| isa prakAra kAvya meM zabda aura artha kA samAna mahatva apekSita hai| donoM kA paraspara spardhA karate hue ramaNIya tathA bhavya rUpa AcArya kuntaka ko bhI kAvya meM svIkRta hai / 2 kAvya-paribhASA meM 'zabdArthoM sahitau' kahane vAle AcArya bhAmaha, daNDI, rudraTa, vAmana, mammaTa tathA bhojarAja Adi kAvyazAstriyoM ko zabdArtha kA viziSTa sambandha hI abhISTa hai, kevala vyAkaraNika sambandha kI kAvya jagat meM apekSA nahIM hai| yahA~ zabda aura artha donoM kA ullekha donoM kA prAdhAnya batalAne ke lie hI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'sAhitya' ko isI artha meM prayukta kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM sAhitya kA tAtparya hai zabda aura artha kA yathAvat sahabhAva arthAt samucita rUpa meM sAtha rahanA 3 AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrvavartI AcArya daNDI, rudraTa evam paravartI paNDitarAja jagannAtha kI kAvya paribhASAe~ bhI kAvya meM zabda artha ke aise hI sambandha ko svIkAra karatI haiM / iSTa artha kavi kA vivakSita vahI artha hotA hai jo alaukika camatkArayukta hone ke kAraNa utkRSTa ho / utkRSTa artha ke pratipAdaka zabdoM kA bhI utkRSTa honA anivArya hai| iSTa artha se 1. zabdo vivakSitArthaMkavAcako'nyeSu satsvapi arthaH shRdyhRdyaahlaadkaarisvspndsundrH| // 9 // pRSTha-38 prathama unmeSa vakroktijIvita (kuntaka) 2 sAhityamanayo: zobhAzAlitAM prati kApyasau anyUnAtiriktatvamanohAriNyavasthitiH // 17 // prathama unmeSa vakroktijIvitam (kuntaka) 3. 'zabdArthayoryathAvatsahabhAvena vidyA sAhityavidyA' kAvyamImAMsA - (dvitIya adhyAya)

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[31] yukta padAvalI kA kAvyatva svIkAra karane vAle AcArya daNDI kA yahI tAtparya hai| varNoM ke arthavAn samudAya ko kAvya kahane vAle AcArya rudraTa ne bhI arthavAn zabda se viziSTa artha (lokottarAhlAdajanaka artha) ko hI kAvyArtha svIkAra kiyA hogaa| isa viziSTa artha ke pratipAdana meM samartha zabda hI kAvya ke zabda haiM / ramaNIya artha ke pratipAdaka zabda ko 'kAvya' saMjJA dene vAle paNDitarAja jagannAtha kA ramaNIyatA se tAtparya hai lokottarAhlAdajanakajJAnagocaratA / / isa prakAra kAvya meM zabda aura artha donoM kI utkRSTatA se yukta vaha viziSTa sAhitya hotA hai, jise sAdhAraNa zabdArtha ko kAvya meM parivartita kara dene kA zreya hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke dvArA varNita zabda aura artha ke yathAvat sahabhAva rUpa sAhitya kA paripUrNa svarUpa paravartI AcArya kuntaka kI sAhitya paribhASA meM spaSTa huA jisameM unhoMne mArgoM kI anukUlatA se sundara, mAdhurya Adi guNoM kI utkRSTatA se yukta, alaGkAravinyAsa tathA vRtti ke aucitya se manohArI rasa paripoSa sahita zabdArtha sambandha ko sAhitya svIkAra kiyA hai AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA varNita kAvyapuruSAkhyAna meM kAvyazAstra meM varNita kAvya kA sa-pUrNa svarUpa parilakSita hotA hai| isa varNana meM AcArya ne rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA svIkAra kiyA hai|3 AcArya rAjazekhara ke samaya taka kAvyazAstra vivecana meM rasa kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita bhI ho cukA thaa| unake pUrvavartI AcArya Anandavardhana ne pramukha dhvanikAvya ke rUpa meM rasa ko hI kAvya kI 1. 'zarIraM tAvadiSTArthavyavacchinnA pdaavlii|' (1/10) kAvyAdarza (daNDI) 'nanu zabdArthoM kAvyam zabdastatrArthavAnanekavidha: varNAnAM samudAyaH sa ca bhinnaH paJcadhA bhvti| (2/1) kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa) 'ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam / 1 / ramaNIyatA ca lokottarAhAdajanakajJAnagocaratA' rasagaGgAdhara (prathamAnana) 2 mArgAnuguNyasubhago maadhuryaadigunnodyH| alaGkaraNavinyAso vkrtaatishyaanvitH| 34 / vRtyaucityamanohAri rasAnAM paripoSaNam spardhayA vidyate yatra yathAsvamubhayorapi / 35 / sA kAmasthitistadvidAnandaspandasundarA padAdivAkparispandasAra: sAhityamucyate / 36 / vakroktijIvita-prathama unmeSa 3 "--------rasa AtmA ---- kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya)

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[32] AtmA svIkAra kiyA thaa| AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM 'kAntAsammitopadazetayA' kAvya ke isa prayojana kA manohArI svarUpa kAvyapuruSa evam sAhityavidyAvadhU ke rUpaka ke rUpa meM parilakSita hotA hai| jisa prakAra rUkSa puruSa ko sarasa banAne ke lie ramaNI ke prema kI AvazyakatA hai, usI prakAra chandobaddha zabdamaya kAvya ko sarasa banAne ke lie sAhityavidyA rUpI vadhU kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| kAvyapuruSa evam sAhityavidyAvadhU kI yaha kAlpanika kathA kAvya kI sRSTi, bAlyakAla tathA yauvana ko pradarzita karatI hai| kAvyapuruSa kramazaH sAhityavidyAvadhU kI ora AkRSTa hotA gayA aura usI krama meM usameM sarasatA kI bhI vRddhi hotI gii| isa prakAra kAvya meM sarasatA kA kAraNa sAhitya (zabdArthoM kA yathAvat sahabhAva) hI hai| yadi kAvya sAhitya se ota prota hai to usakA svarUpa bhI sarasa aura AkarSaka hai / AcArya rAjazekhara kavizikSaka AcArya haiM, isI kAraNa vaha yaha bhI spaSTa karanA cAhate the ki kAvya apanI prArambhika avasthA meM aisA nahIM hotA ki usameM zabda aura artha pUrNataH eka dUsare ke anukUla hoN| yaha yogyatA kAvya meM kramazaH hI AtI hai aura isa yogyatA ke Ane para kAvya pUrNa vikasita kAvya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| zabda, artha ke samucita sAmaJjasya se yukta AcArya rAjazekhara kA sAhitya zabda paripakva, sarasa, ata: zreSTha kAvya kI abhivyaJjanA karatA hai| sAmAnya 'sAhitya' zabda vAcaka zabda tathA vAcya artha ke saMyoga tathA unake anivArya sambandha kA paryAya hai, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara ko apanI kAvyazAstrIya kRti meM kAvyAtmaka sAhitya kI hI AkAGkSA hai| zabda aura artha kevala paripakva kAvya meM hI samucita rUpa meM sAtha rahate haiM-pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM yahI siddha karane ke lie AcArya rAjazekhara ne sAhityavadhU kI ora pUrNata: AkarSita kAvyapuruSa kA usase vivAha kA rUpaka prastuta kiyA hai| sambhavataH vatsagulma nagara ke kAvya kI zreSThatA ko pratipAdita karane ke abhilASI AcArya ne unakA vivAha vatsagulma nagara meM hI sampanna kraayaa| kAvya kI puruSa tathA sAhitya kI vadhU rUpa meM pratIkAtmaka kalpanA yaha siddha karatI hai ki sAhitya (zabdArtha ke yathAvat sahabhAva) se pUrNataH prabhAvita kAvya vikasita, sarasa aura zreSTha hai tathA pUrNa paripakva kavi ke mAnasa kI upaja hai| sAdhAraNa zabdArtha sAhitya rasAnukUla ho, isake lie unameM vaiziSTya-guNa aura alaGkAra ke rUpa meM nihita honA caahie| zabda aura artha ke sambandha meM guNa tathA alaGkAra ke rUpa meM sthita saundarya kA yA

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[33] kA paryavasAna rasAsvAda meM karAtA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara isI kAraNa guNa aura alaGkAra se yukta vAkya ko kAvya kahate haiN| isa saMdarbha meM ve AcArya vAmana ke kAvyalakSaNa se prabhAvita haiN|1 paravartI AcArya mammaTa tathA bhojarAja bhI 'adoSau' vaiziSTya se yukta isI kAvyalakSaNa ko svIkAra karate haiN| vibhinna AcAryoM dvArA prastuta kAvya kI paribhASAoM se kAvya kI-zabdArtha sAhitya, doSoM kA abhAva, guNa aura alaGkAra kA yoga tathA rasa kA aviyoga-vizeSatAe~ prakaTa hotI haiN| AcArya vAmana kA kAvya alaGkAra ke kAraNa upAdeya hai| alaGkAra se unakA tAtparya saundarya se hai| kAvya meM saundarya doSoM ke abhAva tathA guNa aura alaGkAra ke yoga se AtA hai / guNa aGgI (rasa) ke Azrita hote haiM, alaGkAra aGga (zabda, artha) ke Azrita / / rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA svIkAra karane vAle kAvyazAstra ke sabhI AcArya rasa ke apakarSaka sabhI kAraNoM ko doSa mAnate haiN| zabdAdi rasa pratIti tathA vAcyArtha bodha donoM ke upakAraka haiM, ata: ve doparahita hone cAhie aura rasa kA Azraya hone se vAcyArtha bhI doSa rahita honA caahie| isa prakAra kAvya meM sabhI prakAra ke doSoM kA abhAva kAvyazAstra meM sarvatra svIkRta hai| uktivizeSa mAdhurya agrAmyatA Adi se nirmita hotA hai| mAdhuryAdi guNa kAvya kI AtmA rasa ke utkarSAdhAyaka hote haiN| kAvya meM unakI upasthiti anivArya hai| anuprAsa Adi zabdAlaGkAra tathA upamA Adi arthAlaGkAra kabhI-kabhI upasthita hokara kAvya ke zarIra zabda aura artha kI zobhA bar3hAte haiM kintu sAtha hI paramparA se zarIrI rasa kI bhI zobhA bar3hAte haiM / zabda aura artha donoM ke saMskAra se upasthita uktivizeSa kAvya ko sAmAnya bhASaNa kI zailI se utkRSTa vidhA ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| zabda artha kA saMskAra yukta agrAmya svarUpa unheM zabdArtha ke yathAvat sahabhAva rUpa sAhitya ke vaiziSTya se yukta karatA 1. 'guNavadalaGkRtaJca vAkyameva kAvyam' kAvyamImAMsA - (SaSTha adhyAya) 'kAvyazabdo'yaM guNAlaGkArasaMskRtayo: zabdArthayo: vartate /1/1/1/ kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) 2 tamarthamavalambante ye'GginaM te guNAH smRtAH / aGgAzritAstvalaGkArAH mantavyAH kaTakAdivat / 6 / dhvanyAloka- (dvitIya udyota)

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[34] hai| uktivizeSa kAvyazAstra meM vakrokti, uktivaicitrya, vaidagdhyabhaGgibhaNiti, agrAmyatA, mAdhurya Adi nAmoM se abhihita hai| AcArya bhAmaha ne kAvya meM zabdArtha vaicitrya kI apekSA ko svIkAra karate hue vakrokti kI AvazyakatA para bala diyA hai| AcArya daNDI to vidagdhajana kI bhASaNa zailI ko hI kAvya kI zailI mAnate haiN|1 vidagdhajana kI bhASaNa zailI kA tAtparya agrAmyatA se hI hai| isI zailI ko vaidagdhyabhaGgibhaNiti athavA uktivaicitrya kahA gayA hai| kAvya kA paramatatva rasa agrAmyatA para hI nirbhara hai| AcArya vAmana ke anusAra uktivaicitrya kA hI tAtparya hai mAdhurya / sAdhAraNa zabdArtha sAhitya kA doSahAna, guNopAdAna, alaGkArayoga evam rasa ke aviyoga se pariSkAra hotA hai2 tathA asAdhAraNa zabdArtha sAhitya utpanna hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kA zreSTha kAvya bhI yahI hai| kAvya meM zabda aura artha guNa aura alaGkAra Adi sampUrNa sampatti ke sahita sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakArI rUpa meM upasthita rahate haiN| kAvya kA sarasatva tathA sahRdayahRdayahAritva sarvatra svIkRta hai| kavi ke dvArA kalpita pariSkArayukta sAhitya kA bhAvana karatA huA rasika saMsAra meM sukha prApta karatA hai| AcArya kuntaka usa kavikauzalapUrNa racanA ko kAvya kahate haiM jo apane zabda saundarya tathA artha saundarya ke anivArya sAmaJjasya dvArA kAvyamarmajJa ko Ananda detI hai| zabda aura artha donoM meM samAna saundarya honA caahie| donoM meM tadvidAhlAdakAritva usI prakAra antarnihita hotA hai jaise pratyeka tila meM tela 1. vakrAbhidheyazabdoktiriSTA vAcAmalakRtiH (1/36) 'saiSA sarvaiva vakroktiranayArtho vibhAvyate yatno'syAM kavinA kAryaH ko'laGkAro'nayA vinaa| (2/85) (kAvyAlaGkAra-bhAmaha) 2 dopatyAgo guNAdhAnamalaGkAro rsaanvyH| itthaM caturvidhA klRptA sAhityasya prisskRtiH|| (prathama prakaraNa) (sAhityamImAMsA - vizvezvara) 3 zabdArthoM sahitau vakrakavivyApArazAlini bandhe vyavasthitau, kAvyam tadvidAhlAdakAriNi vakroktijIvita prathama unmeSa // 7 // pRSTha - 18 4. 'pratitilamiva tailam tadvidAhlAdakAritvam vartate vakroktijIvita (kuntaka) prathama unmeSa - pRSTha - 18

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[35] yaha to spaSTa hai ki rasocita zabdArtha vinyAsa meM hI zabdArtha sAhitya hotA hai| AcArya kuntaka isI ko parasparasAmyasubhagAvasthAna'1 tathA AcArya rAjazekhara 'zabdArthoM kA yathAvat sahabhAva' kahate haiN| zreSTha kAvya tathA kAvyapAka kA lakSaNa bhI AcArya rAjazekhara tathA unakI patnI avantisundarI kI dRSTi meM 'rasocitazabdArthasaktinibandhana' hai? AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrvavartI AcArya Anandavardhana ne svIkAra kiyA thA ki aucitya hI rasaparipoSa kA ekamAtra rahasya hai| vAcya, vAcaka kA rasAdi aucitya se upayoga karanA mahAkavi kA pradhAna karma hai| dRzya tathA zravya kAvyoM meM darzakoM tathA zrotAoM ke hRdaya meM rasonmIlana ke lie parama apekSita tatva aucitya hai| kisI bhI prakAra kA anaucityapUrNa prayoga rasa pratIti meM bAdhaka bana jAtA hai / yathA dRzya kAvya kI rasapratIti meM anucita vezabhUSA, kathopakathana tathA maJcaracanA bAdhA DAlate haiM to anucita pada prayoga zravya kAvya ko rasapratIti karAne meM akSama banA dete haiN| rasa pratIti meM bAdhaka hone para zabda aura artha usa viziSTa sAhitya se dUra ho jAte haiM, jo kAvya meM abhISTa hai| aisI avasthA ko AcArya kuntaka sAhityaviraha kahate hai tathA AcArya mahimabhaTTa nIrasakAvya ko kavi kA mahAn doSa svIkAra karate haiM tathA rasAbhivyakti paraka kavivyApAra ko hI kAvya kahate haiM / kSemendra ne 'aucitya' kI vistRta rUpa meM carcA kI hai| 1. 'mama sarvaguNau santau suhRdAviva saGgatau parasparasya zobhAyai zabdArthoM bhavato yathA' (vakroktijIvita, prathama unmeSa, pRSTha - 25) 2 'rasocitazabdArthasUktinibandhanaH pAka:' kAvyamImAMsA - (paJcama adhyAya) 3 'anaucityATTate nAnyad rasabhaGgasya kAraNam prasiddhaucityabandhastu rasasyopaniSatparA' (dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota) 'vAcyAnAM vAcakAnAM ca yadaucityena yojnm| rasAdiviSayeNaitat mukhyaM karma mahAkaveH' (dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota) 4 'nIrasastu prabandho yaH so'pazabdo mahAn kaveH' vyaktiviveka (dvitIya vimarza) 'kavivyApAro hi vibhAvAdisaMyojanAtmA rasAbhivyaktyavyabhicArI kAvyamucyate (prathama vimarza) vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTTa)

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[36] AcArya rAjazekhara ke anusAra guNa, alaGkAra, rIti, ukti se yukta zabdoM, arthoM kA jo gumphana krama sahadayoM, zrotAoM tathA bhAvakoM ko AkarSaka pratIta hotA hai, vaha 'vAkyapAka' hai| sahRdayahRdaya kI AhlAdanakSamatA hI kAvyapAka kA rahasya hai| kAvya ke vibhinna pAkoM meM kevala vahI pAka svIkArya hai, jisakA paryavasAna sarasatA meM hotA hai| rasa to kAvya meM sarvatra nihita hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcArya vizvanAtha Adi to rasayukta vAkya ko hI kAvya kahate haiM / guNayukta alakRta vAkya bhI alaukika camatkArajanaka hone se rasa pratIti karAte haiM aura zabdArtha kA viziSTa sAhitya bhI lokottaracamatkArajanaka hone se rasa pratIti kA hI kAraNa banatA hai| isa prakAra sabhI kAvya paribhASAe~ pratyakSa athavA parokSa rUpa se rasa ko hI kAvya kA pramukha tatva svIkAra karatI haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara kavizikSaka AcArya ke rUpa meM kAvyazAstrIya jagat meM pratiSThita hue| ata: unake kAvyapuruSAkhyAna, kAvya evam sAhitya ke lakSaNa tathA kAvyapAka yaha siddha karate haiM ki ve prArambhika kavi ko pUrNata: sarasa kAvya kI racanA karane meM samartha pUrNa paripakva, zreSTha kavi ke rUpa meM hI pratiSThita karake use kAvyazikSA ke paramalakSya taka pahu~cA denA cAhate the aura ve apane isa lakSya meM saphala bhI hue| (ga) rIti, vRtti evam pravRtti : rIti : AcArya rAjazekhara kA kAvyapuruSAkhyAna tAtkAlika kAvyaracanA zailiyoM kA dezoM ke krama se vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| tatkAlIna kAvyavidyAsnAtakoM ke lie yaha vivaraNa parama upAdeya thaa| kAvyapuruSa kI sAhityavidyAvadhU ke sAtha yAtrA ke prasaMga meM AcArya ne bhArata kA cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjana 1 'guNAlaGkArarItyuktizabdArthagrathanakramaH svadate sudhiyAM yena vAkyapAkaH sa mAM prati' kAvyamImAMsA - (paJcama adhyAya) 2 'vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam' (pRSTha - 19) sAhityadarpaNa - prathama pariccheda (vizvanAtha)

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[37] karake usake vepavinyAsa, vilAsavinyAsa evam vacanavinyAsa kI rUparekhA prastuta kI hai| kAvyapurupa ko AkarSita karane ke lie sAhityavidyAvadhU ne jisa veSa, vilAsa evam vacana ko apanAyA ve hI kramazaH pravRtti, vRtti tathA rIti haiN| kAvyapuruSAkhyAna yaha siddha karatA hai ki kAvya meM zreSThatA kramika rUpa saM hI AtI hai| vepa, nRtyagAna tathA vacanoM kA bhI kramazaH saMskAra hotA jAtA hai| rIti, vRtti, pravRtti ke kramika vikAsa evam pariSkAra ko prastuta karane vAlI kathA inakI uttarottara zreSThatA ko pratipAdita karatI kAvya ke do bheda haiM-dRzya kAvya tathA zravya kaavy| veSavinyAsa rUpa pravRtti tathA vilAsa vinyAsa rUpa vRtti kA pramukha upayoga dRzya kAvya ke lie hI hai| kintu vacana vinyAsa (racanAzailI athavA rIti) kI to dRzya tathA zravya donoM prakAra ke kAvyoM meM samAna upAdeyatA hai| kAvyazAstra meM padoM kI saMghaTanA athavA pada vinyAsa praNAlI rIti hai| isI ko kahIM mArga, kahIM saMghaTanA evam kahIM rIti nAma pradAna kiyA gayA hai| 'rIti' zabda gatyarthaka rIG dhAtu se vyutpanna huA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara 'vacanavinyAsakrama' ko rIti kahate haiM 2 AcArya vAmana ne rIti ko kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa sthApita kiyaa| 'vizeSa pada racanA' unakI 'rIti' hai| rIti kI paribhASA meM viziSTa' pada unake anusAra guNa sampannatA kA dyotaka hai 3 padoM kI vaha racanA, jisameM guNoM kI upasthiti avazya ho rIti hai| kAvya kA zobhAkAraka dharma guNa hai| AcArya vAmana zabdagata tathA arthagata saundarya ko hI mahatva dete haiN| AcArya daNDI ne bhI guNoM ko tathA AcArya rudraTa ne samAsa ko rIti ke mUla meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 1 'vaidarbhAdikRtapanthAH kAvye mArga iti smRtH| rIGgatAviti dhAtoH sA vyutpatyA rItirucyate' / 27 / / sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa (dvitIya pariccheda) 2 'vacanavinyAsakramo rItiH' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 3 'rItirAtmA kAvyasya' (1/2/6) 'viziSTa padaracanA rItiH' (1/2/7) 'vizeSo guNAtmA' (1/2/8) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) 4. iti vaidarbhamArgasya prANAH dazaguNAH smRtaaH| eSAM viparyayaH prAyo dRzyate gauddvrtmni| kAvyAdarza (daNDI) (1/42) nAnAM vRttirdvadhA bhavati samAsAsamAsabhedena vRtteH samAsavatyAstatra syU rItaryAstastraH vRtarasamAsAyA vaidarbhI rItirekeva 16 / kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa) dvitIya adhyAya 131

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[38] AcArya Anandavardhana dhvani siddhAnta ke spaSTIkaraNa ke bAda rIti kA dhvanitatva meM hI antarbhAva svIkAra karate haiN| dhvanitatva kI jaba taka vyAkhyA nahIM ho sakI thI taba taka vAmana Adi ne rItiyA~ pracalita kii|1 dhvanitatva ke spaSTa pratipAdana ke pazcAt usase bhinna rUpa meM rIti lakSaNoM kI AvazyakatA AcArya Anandavardhana ne svIkAra nahIM kI hai| racanA ko varNa aura pada kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| padoM kI dRSTi se racanA ke tIna bhinna svarUpa haiM-asamAsA, madhyamasamAsA aura dIrghasamAsA / AcArya Anandavardhana isI ko saMghaTanA kahakara use rasAzrayI kahate haiM / isa rasAzrayI saMghaTanA ke Antarika tatva prasAda, mAdhurya aura oja Adi guNa haiM tathA samAsa usakA bAhya tatva hai| mAdhuryAdi guNoM ke Azrita sthita saMghaTanA rasAdi ko vyakta karatI hai. yaha kahakara AcArya Anandavardhana ne hI saMghaTanA kA rasa se ghaniSTha sambandha siddha kiyA hai| AcArya kuntaka kAvya kI racanA zailI ke sambandha meM kavi svabhAva ko hI vizeSa mahatva pradAna karate haiN| ve rIti ke sthAna para sukumAra, vicitra tathA madhyamArga ko svIkAra kara use kavi prasthAna hetu kahate haiN| yaha bheda kavi svabhAva para hI AdhArita haiN| 'kAvyamImAMsA' kA saMkSipta rIti vivecana kAvya ke uttarottara vikAsa kA sUcaka hone ke kAraNa kavi zikSA grantha ke anurUpa viSaya hI siddha hotA hai| kAvyanirmANa meM pratibhA ke sAtha hI vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa bhI parama Avazyaka tatva haiN| inake dvArA hI kavi zabdArtha ke yathocit sAhitya se yukta, pUrNata: sarasa zreSTha kAvya kI racanA karane meM samartha hotA hai| kAvya sAhitya se jitanA adhika ghaniSThatA se sambaddha 1. 'asphuTasphuritaM kAvyatatvametadyathoditam azaknuvadbhirvyAkartuM rItayaH sampravartitAH / / 47 // dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota 2 'asamAsA, samAsena madhyamena ca bhUSitA tathA dIrghasamAseti tridhA saMGghaTanoditA // 5 // dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota 3 'guNAnAzritya tiSThantI mAdhuryAdIn vyanakti sA rasAn' dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota 4. 'samprati tatra ye mArgA: kviprsthaanhetvH| sukumAro vicitrazca madhyamazcobhayAtmakaH' 124 / vakroktijIvita (dvitIya - unmeSa)

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[39] hotA jAegA, kAvya kI racanA zailI utanI hI adhika mAtrA meM ADambarahIna tathA prabhAvapUrNa hotI jaaegii| AcArya rAjazekhara ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki gauDI rIti usa avasthA meM prayukta hotI hai jaba kavi kA kAvya sAhityavidyA kI ora AkarSaNayukta nahIM hotA, isIlie gauDI rIti meM svAbhAvikatA kama hai, ADambara adhik| isa rIti meM samAsa aura anuprAsa kI adhikatA tathA abhidhAvRtti kA prayoga hotA hai|| kAvya puruSa kA prasanna na honA yaha saMketa detA hai ki gauDI rIti kI racanA prasAdaguNa yukta nahIM hotii| pAJcAlI rIti kA prayoga kAvya ke sAhityavidyA kI ora AMzika rUpa meM AkRSTa hone para hotA hai, isa rIti kA vaiziSTya hai kiJcit samAsa, kiJcit anuprAsa evam lakSaNAvRtti kA prayoga ra yaha rIti gauDI rIti kI apekSA utkRSTa hai| gauDI zailI meM akSaroM aura zabdoM kA hI ADambara adhika rahatA hai, kintu pAJcAlI rIti meM zabda tathA artha donoM kI samAnatA rahatI hai| kAvya ke sAhityavidyA kI ora pUrNa AkarSaNa kI avasthA meM vaidarbhI rIti kA prayoga hotA hai| isa rIti meM ADambarahInatA tathA kAvya kI sarasatA kI carama avasthA dRSTigata hotI hai| yathAsthAna samAsoM evam anuprAsoM kA prayoga, prasanna pada tathA vyaJjanAvRtti rUpI vizeSatAe~ isa rIti ko kaviyoM ke lie adhikAdhika grAhya banAtI haiM 3 mahAkavi kAlidAsa tathA zrIharSa isI rIti ke kAraNa atyadhika lokapriya hue| kAvyaracanA zailI kA kramika vikAsakrama prArambhika abhyAsI kavi ko sarvaprathama gauDI, tatpazcAt pAJcAlI rIti ke abhyAsa kI ora prerita karatA hai| kAvyaracanA ke lie kavi kI paryApta prayatnazIlatA kavi ke kAvya ko ADambaroM tathA kRtrimatAoM se paripUrNa banA detI hai| vaidarbhI rIti ke prayoga kI kSamatA sambhavataH kavi meM vikAsakrama se svayaM hI A jAtI hai| use prayatnazIla nahIM honA 1 'tathAvidhAkalpayApi tayA yadazvazaMvadIkRtaH samAsavadanuprAsavadyogavRttiparamparAgarbha jagAda sA gauDIyA rItiH' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 2 'tathAvidhAkalpayApi tayA yadISadvazaMvadIkRta ISadsamAsam ISadanuprAsamupacAragarbhaJca jagAda sA pAJcAlI rItiH' ___ kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 3 'yadatyarthaM ca sa tayA vazaMvadIkRta sthAnAnuprAsavadasamAsaM yogavRttigarbhaca jagAda sA vaidarbhI rItiH' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya)

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[40] pdd'taa| pUrNata: sarasa kAvya kI racanA meM kavi ke svAbhAvika hRdayodgAra ADambaroM se rahita hokara prakaTa hote haiM / AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrvavartI AcArya vAmana ne gauDI tathA pAJcAlI ke abhyAsa se vaidarbhI rIti taka pahu~cane kI sthiti ko asvIkAra kiyA thaa| isa saMdarbha meM unhoMne tarka diyA thA-sana se TATa bunanA sIkha lene para rezama se vastra bunane kI yogyatA bhI to nahIM upasthita ho jaatii|| vibhinna rItiyoM ke dvArA kAvya ke kramika vikAsa ko svIkAra karake bhI AcArya rAjazekhara kisI bhI rIti ko anupAdeya siddha karane ke pakSadhara nahIM the| unhoMne tInoM hI rItiyoM meM sarasvatI kA sAkSAt nivAsa svIkAra kiyA hai / jahA~ vAgdevI kA nivAsa ho ve rItiyA~ agrAhya kisa prakAra ho sakatI haiM? AcArya bhAmaha vaidarbha aura gauDa mArgoM ke AdhAra para kAvya kI grAhyatA agrAhyatA kA bheda-nirdhAraNa pUrNataH anucita mAnate haiN| unake anusAra agrAmyatA, aucitya aura alaGkAra se yukta sadartha se pUrNa koI bhI kAvya grAhya hai, usakI padavinyAsapraNAlI koI bhI ho sakatI hai / 3 vAmana kI rItiyoM kI upAdeyatA guNa siddha karate haiN| samagra kAvyaguNoM se gumphita vaidarbhI rIti grAhya hai, to gauDI aura pAJcAlI meM guNoM kI alpasaMkhyA unakI upAdeyatA ko bhI kama kara detI hai| AcArya Anandavardhana samAsa rahita, madhyama samAsa vAlI tathA dIrghasamAsa vAlI saMghaTanAoM kA niyAmaka vaktA, vAcya tathA viSaya ke aucitya ko svIkAra karate haiM / zRMGgAra tathA karuNa rasoM meM dIrghasamAsA saMghaTanA bAdhaka hai| ina rasoM meM asamAsA saMghaTanA ke hI prayoga kA aucitya hai| raudrAdi rasoM meM madhyamasamAsA tathA dIrghasamAsA saMghaTanA bhI bAdhaka 1 'tadArohaNArthamitarAbhyAsa ityeke (1/2/16) tacca na atatvazIlasya tattvAniSpatteH (1/2/17) nidarzanamAha-na zaNasUtravAnAbhyAse trasarasUtravAnavaicitryalAbhaH (1/2/18) (kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti - vAmana) 2 'vaidarbhI gauDIyA pAJcAlI ceti rItayastistra: Azu ca sAkSAnnivasati sarasvatI tena lkssynte|' kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya) 3. alaGkAravadagrAmyamarthya nyAyyamanAkulam gauDIyamapi sAdhIyo vaidarbhamiti nAnyathA (1/35) kAvyAlaGkAra (bhAmaha) 4 'niyame heturaucityaM vaktRvAcyayoH' // 6 // dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota

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[41] nahIM hai| rasa ke pradhAna rUpa se pratipAdya viSaya hone para usakI pratIti meM bAdhaka tatvoM kA parihAra to anivArya hI hai| AcArya rudraTa bhI isI prakAra zRGgAra, karuNa, bhayAnaka tathA adbhuta rasoM meM vaidarbhI aura pAJcAlI rIti kA tathA raudrarasa meM lATIyA tathA gauDI rIti kA prayoga ucita mAnate haiN|1 AcArya kuntaka ke sukumAra, vicitra tathA madhyama ina tIna mArgoM meM kisI kI bhI nyUnatA nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha sabhI bheda kavi ke svabhAva para AdhArita haiN| madhyama mArga kI 'madhyama' saMjJA mizrita racanA zailI ke kAraNa hai| tInoM mArgo se racita kAvya kI parisamApti sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakAritva meM hI hotI hai / 2 apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke samAna hI AcArya rAjazekhara ko bhI kAvya ke viSaya, vaktA Adi ke anukUla hI rIti kA prayoga svIkRta rahA hogA, kyoMki 'rasocita zabdArthasUktinibandhana' hI unake zreSTha kAvya kA AdhAra hai| isa dRSTi se unakI vicAradhArA rasAnukUla rItiyoM ke prayoga kA aucitya mAnane vAle AcArya rudraTa tathA AcArya Anandavardhana ke samAna hI hai| rasa kA parama rahasya aucitya hI hai, ataH kAvya kI sarasatA ke lie sabhI padavinyAsa praNAliyoM kA niyamana aucitya se hI honA caahie| kAvyamImAMsA ke kAvyapuruSAkhyAna meM puruSa tathA strI kA eka dUsare ke prati pUrNa AkarSaNa kA vivecana pUrNata: komala bhAvanAoM se sampRkta zRMGgAra kA dyotaka hai| kAvyapuruSa kA sAhityavidyAvadhU ke prati AkRSTa na honA usake rukSa tathA kaThora rUpa ko hI upasthita karatA hai - aisI sthiti meM usake dvArA samAsa bahulA gauDI rIti kA prayoga kaThora bhAvanAoM ke dyotaka rasa kI pratIti kA bodhaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| sAhityavidyAvadhU ke prati kiJcit AkarSaNa hone para alpa mAtrA meM utpanna komala, madhura bhAvanAoM ke dyotaka rasoM kI pratIti meM pAJcAlI rIti sahAyaka hai tathA pUrNataH AkarSita puruSa kI sarvAGga komala bhAvanAoM kA dyotana vaidarbhI rIti ke dvArA sambhava hai| 1 vaidarbhIpAJcAlyau preyasi karuNe bhavAnakAdbhutayoH lATIyAgauDIye raudre kuryAdyathaucityam | 201 2 tasmAdeSAM pratyekamaskhalitasvaparispandamahimnA tadvidAhlAdakAritvaparisamApterna kasyacinyUnatA / kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa) caturdaza adhyAya (prathama unmeSa) vakroktijIvita (kuntaka) pRSTha 102

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[42] vibhinna rItiyoM kA svarUpa prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM eka sA hI hai / yathA gauDI samAsabahulA, pAJcAlI alpa samAsa se yukta tathA vaidarbhI samAsa rahita / AcArya vAmana kI guNoM ke vaiziSTya vAlI rItiyoM meM vaidarbhI rIti samasta guNoM se yukta hai / 1 gauDI meM oja tathA kAnti evam pAJcAlI meM mAdhurya tathA saukumArya kI sthiti hotI hai| 2 ina tIna rItiyoM ke atirikta lATIyA, AvantikA, mAgadhI Adi kucha anya rItiyA~ bhI kAvyazAstra meM svIkRta haiM, kintu ve sabhI vaidarbhI, gauDI aura pAJcAlI ke madhya sthita tathA unake mizraNa se hI yukta haiN| AcArya rudraTa kI lATIyA pAJcAlI tathA gaur3I ke madhya kI hai tathA AcArya vizvanAtha kI lATIyA vaidarbhI aura pAJcAlI ke madhya kI hai| bhojarAja ise samasta rItiyoM kA mizraNa svIkAra karate haiN| bhojarAja kI AvantikA tathA mAgadhI bhI isI prakAra kI mizrita rItiyA~ haiN| vaiziSTya kI dRSTi se sabhI rItiyoM kA vaidarbhI, gauDI tathA pAJcAlI meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, ataH AcArya rAjazekhara inake atirikta anya kisI rIti ko svIkAra nahIM karate / 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM sthAna kI dRSTi se rIti-vibhAjana kAvyaracanA kI dRSTi se prAcIna bhArata ke cAra vibhAga kie gae the| pUrva meM magadha aura baMgAla, madhya deza meM pAJcAla, pazcima meM avanti deza aura dakSiNa meM vidarbha / inhIM meM kAvyoM aura nATakoM kI racanA zailI kA vikAsa huaa| anya sthAnoM kA ina cAra bhAgoM meM hI antarbhAva huaa| kAvyamImAMsA meM ina cAroM bhAgoM ke janapadoM kA bhI nAmollekha hai, jisase prAcIna bhArata ke samasta janapadoM meM adhika pracalita rIti 'kauna sI thI' yaha jJAta hotA hai| pUrva deza meM jisameM aGga, baGga, suhya, brahma, puNDra Adi janapada the-gauDI rIti pracalita thI / pAJcAla deza kI pAJcAlI rIti thii| bhArata ke isa vibhAga meM pAJcAla, 1 samagraguNA vaidarbhI (1/2/11) 2 ojaH kAntimatI gauDIyA ( 1/2/12) 3. mAdhuryasaukumAryopapannA pAJcAlI (1/2/13) 'atha sarve prathamaM prArcI dizaM zizriyuyatrAGgavaGgasuhmabrahmapuNDrAdyA janapadAH kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) --sA gauDIyA rIti: / ' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya)

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[43] zUrasena, hastinApura, kAzmIra, bAhIka, bAhlIka, bAlaveya Adi janapada the|| avantideza meM avantI, vaidiza, surASTra, mAlava, arbuda, bhRgukaccha Adi janapada the| isa sthAna kI rIti ke viSaya meM AcArya rAjazekhara mauna haiM, kintu yahA~ kI vRtti tathA pravRtti ko ve pAJcAla tathA dakSiNa deza kI vRtti, pravRtti kI madhyavartI svIkAra karate haiM, ata: yahA~ kI rIti ke viSaya meM bhI unakA yahI vicAra rahA hogaa| malaya, mekala, kuntala, kerala, pAla, maJjara, mahArASTra, vaGga, kaliGga Adi janapada dakSiNa deza meM the| isa sthAna kI vaidarbhI rIti kAvyamImAMsA meM ullikhita hai / eka hI rIti kA aneka sthAnoM para prayoga ho sakatA hai. kisI eka hI rIti ko deza vizeSa kI sImA meM Abaddha karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| unakA nAmakaraNa deza vizepa meM unake adhikatA se prayoga se sambandha rakhatA hai| AcArya vAmana ke samAna AcArya rAjazekhara bhI yahI svIkAra karate pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki unhoMne vidarbha deza meM vaidarbhI rIti kA adhika prayoga hotA hai, yaha spaSTa kiyA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki kSetra vizeSa kI veSabhUSA, rahana-sahana, AcAra-vicAra kA sIdhA prabhAva vahA~ kI bhASA zailI para bhI par3atA hai| gauDI rIti pUrva deza ke logoM ke avyavasthita veSa tathA jaTila vyaktitva se prabhAvita thI, isI kAraNa usameM lambe samAsoM, anuprAsoM kI bojhila paramparA hai / veSabhUSA tathA rahana-sahana kA jaba kiJcit ziSTatApUrNa tathA sundara samAyojana huA,4 taba bhASA bhI pAJcAlI rIti ke rUpa meM choTe-choTe samAsoM tathA anuprAsoM kI yojanA se sundara huii| vidarbha deza meM to kAmadeva kI krIDAbhUmi vatsagulma nAmaka nagara kI sthiti hai 5 vidarbha ke logoM kI sundara, vyavasthita veSabhUSA tathA sarasa zRMgArapUrNa kriyAkalApoM kA prabhAva vahA~ ke vacana vinyAsa para spaSTa tatazca sa pAJcAlanpratyuccacAla yatra pAJcAlazUrasenahastinApurakAzmIravAhIkabAhIkabahaveyAdayo janapadA:-------- --------sA pAJcAlI rItiH ___ kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 2 'tatazca sa dakSiNAM dizamAsasAda yatra malayamekalakuntalakeralapAlamaJjaramahArASTravaGgakaliGgAdayo janapadA:------- ---------- sA vaidarbhI riitiH|' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 3 'yadRcchayA'pi yAdRDnepathyaH sa sArasvateya AsIt tadveSAzca puruSA bbhuuvuH| kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 4. 'kizcidArdritamanA yannepathyaH sa sArasvateya AsIditi------------ | kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 5. 'tatrAsti manojanmano devasya krIDAvAso vidarbheSu vatsagulmaM nAma ngrm|' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya)

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[44] parilakSita huaa| isI vidarbha deza ke AdhAra para vaidarbhI nAmakaraNa vAlI kAvyaracanA zailI madhura, ucita sthAna para anuprAsayukta, samAsarahita sahaja svAbhAvika vacana-vinyAsa vAlI thI, jo apane mAdhurya ke kAraNa sabako AkarSita karane meM samartha thii| vRtti : 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke kAvyapuruSAkhyAna meM kAvyapuruSa evam sAhityavidyAvadhU ke yAtrA prasaGga meM vRttiyoM kA ullekha hai| kAvyazAstra meM zabda aura artha ke ucita vyavahAra kI pravartaka vRttiyoM kA vivecana hai| yaha vRttiyA~ tIna prakAra ke kAvyatatvoM kI vAcaka haiN| prathama bhaTTodbhaTTa Adi kI abhimata paruSA, upanAgarikA, grAmyA Adi vRttiyA~ haiM / yaha bheda vargoM ke prayoga kI dRSTi se kie gae haiN| inake lie hI 'vartante'nuprAsabhedAH Asu iti vRttayaH' vacana prayukta haiN| yaha zabdAzrita vRttiyA~ kahalAtI haiM, kyoMki inakA sambandha mukhyataH zabda vyavahAra se hai| vAcya artha ke rasAnukUla, aucityayukta vyavahAra kI dyotaka bhAratI, sAtvatI, ArabhaTI aura kaizikI Adi vRttiyA~ haiN| nAyakAdi ke rasa para AdhArita vyavahAra se sambaddha yaha vRttiyA~ arthAzrita kahalAtI haiN| arthabodhAtmaka vyApAra kI dRSTi se abhidhA, lakSaNA tathA vyaJjanA ina zabdazaktiyoM ko bhI 'vRtti' nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| zabdAzrita paruSA Adi tathA arthAzrita kaizikI Adi donoM hI prakAra kI vRttiyA~ rasa para AdhArita haiN| ina donoM vRttiyoM kA AtmabhUta rasa hai| kAvya tathA nATya meM ina donoM hI vRttiyoM se anirvacanIya saundarya utpanna hotA hai| 1 'tAmanuraktamanAH sa yannepathyaH sArasvateya aasiiditi| kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya)

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[45] AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM jina vRttiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha dRzyakAvya se sambaddha kaizikI Adi vRttiyA~ hI haiN| isa vivecana kA AdhAra bharatamuni kA nATyazAstra hI hai| sarvaprathama bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra meM vRttiyoM kA vistRta vivecana prApta huaa| yaha vRttiyA~ vibhinna nATyapaddhatiyA~ hI thiiN| prAcIna kAla meM nRtya ke nATya kA pramukha tatva hone ke kAraNa bhinna pradezoM kI bhinna nRtyapaddhatiyA~ nATyaprayogoM meM bhI vaividhya upasthita kara detI thiiN| bharatamuni ke paravartI Anandavardhana, abhinavagupta, dhanaJjaya, rAjazekhara, vizvanAtha, bhojarAja Adi ke granthoM meM bhI vRttivivecana prApta hotA hai| nATyazAstra ke 'vyApAraH pumarthasAdhako vRttiH' tathA dazarUpaka ke 'tadavyApArAtmikA vRttiH' ityAdi vacana spaSTa karate haiM ki nAyakAdi ke vyavahAra kI hI vRtti saMjJA hai| nATyazAstra ke 'vRttayo nATyamAtaraH' tathA 'sarveSAmeva kAvyAnAM vRttayo mAtRkAH smRtAH' ityAdi ullekhoM se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki bharatamuni ke lie vRttiyoM ke abhAva meM nATya astitvahIna the| AcArya abhinavagupta tathA bhojarAja Adi AcAryoM ne bhI nATakAdi ke pAtroM kI ceSTAoM ko hI vRtti rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| nATaka ke pAtra athavA kAvya ke nAyakAdi zarIra, vacana tathA mana kI jo vicitratA yukta ceSTAe~ karate haiM,1 citta ke vikAsa, vikSepa, saMkoca tathA vistAra kI dazA meM yaha pAtra jo vyavahAra karate haiM, vahI vRttiyA~ kahalAtI haiM 2 1. 'kAyavAGmanasAM ceSTA eva saha vaicitryeNa vRttayaH' nATyazAstra viMza adhyAya abhinavagupta kI vRtti 2 yA vikAze'tha vikSepe saGkoce vistare tathA cetaso vartayitrI syAt sA vRttiH sA'pi SaDavidhA / 34 / sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa - dvitIya pariccheda

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[46] rasAnukUla, aucityayukta vyavahAra ko 'vRtti saMjJA dene vAle AcArya Anandavardhana inakI dhvani se alaga sattA svIkAra nahIM krte| dhvani siddhAnta ke spaSTIkaraNa ke bAda ve vyApaka svarUpa vAle dhvanitatva meM rItiyoM ke samAna vattiyoM kA bhI antarbhAva karate haiM, kyoMki dhvani sahRdayahRdayAnubhavagocaracamatkAravizeSajanaka hai aura vRttiyA~ bhI isI camatkAra ko utpanna karatI haiN| agni purANa ke kAvyazAstrIya bhAga meM nAyakAdi ke kAryoM ke niyamapUrvaka vyavahAra ko vRtti kahakara unakA aucitya se hI sambandha siddha kiyA gayA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAvyapuruSa ke AkarSaNa hetu sAhityavidyAvadhU dvArA prayukta nRtya, gAna, vAdya Adi rUpa 'vilAsavinyAsakrama' hI vRtti hai / isa prakAra vilAsa vinyAsa kA tAtparya nRtyakalA se hI hai| prAcIna bhArata ke cAra bhAgoM ke cAra vibhinna nRtyarUpa vRttiyoM ke rUpa meM ullikhita haiN| kavizikSaka AcArya hone ke kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara sarvatra kramika vikAsa ke pakSadhara the| nRtyapaddhatiyoM kA bhI kramaza: pariSkAra huA hogaa| kAvyapuruSa ke sAhityavidyAvadhU ke prati kramika AkarSaNa ke samAna vilAsa vinyAsa athavA nRtyakalA kA kramika vikAsa varNita hai| vilAsa vinyAsa kA yaha vikAsa prArambhika avasthA meM kevala zarIra ke prayoga kA tathA kramazaH zarIra aura mana donoM ke prayoga kA sUcaka hai| paripakva 1. 'vRtyaucityantu yathArasamanusatavyam' pRSTha - 251 dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota 'rasAdyanuguNatvena vyavahAro'rthazabdayoH aucityavAn yastA etA vRtayo dvividhAH sthitAH // 33 / / dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota 'zabdatattvAzrayA: kAzcidarthatatvayujo'parA: vRttayo'pi prakAzante jJAte'smin kAvyalakSaNe' // 48 / / dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota 'vyavahAro hi vRttirityucyte| tatra rasAnuguNa aucityavAn vAcyAzrayo yo vyavahArastA etA: kaizikAdyA: vRttyH| vAcakAzrayAzcopanAgarikAdyA: vRttayo hi rasAditAtparyeNa sannivezitAH kAmapi nATyasya kAvyasya ca chaayaamaavhnti| rasAdayo hi dvayorapi tyorjiivitbhuutaaH| (3/33 kI vRtti) (dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota) 2 'vilAsavinyAsakramo vRttiH' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya)

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[47] nRtya meM zarIra tathA mana donoM kA hI sundara tAlamela sahita prayoga hotA hai| isa dRSTi se bhAratI vRtti nRtya zailI kI prArambhika avasthA hai tathA nRtya kA paripUrNa vikasita saundaryamaya rUpa kaizikI vRtti meM parilakSita hotA hai| bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra ke samAnA kAvyamImAMsA meM bhI bhAratI, sAtvatI, ArabhaTI aura kaizikI cAra vRttiyoM kA ullekha hai| nATya zAstra meM vRttiyoM kI utpatti vedoM se mAnI gaI hai| bhAratI vRtti kA mUla strota Rgveda hai to sAtvatI kA yajurveda / kaizikI kA sAmaveda se tathA ArabhaTI kA atharvaveda se udbhava huA 2 nAyakAdi kA vyApAra vAcika mAnasika tathA zArIrika tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| nATyakalA kI utpatti ke samaya bharatoM arthAt abhinetAoM ne jisa nRtya paddhati kA Azraya liyA vaha unhIM ke nAma se vikhyAta hokara bhAratI vRtti kahalAne lgii| vAcika vyApAra se sambaddha yaha vRtti puruSa pAtroM se yukta, saMvAda pradhAna thI, isameM saMskRta kA prayoga hotA thA, vIbhatsa evam karuNa isake pramukha rasa the 3 bAda meM AcArya vizvanAtha ne isa vRtti kA sarvatra prayoga svIkAra kiyaa| kAvyamImAMsA ke kAvyapuruSAkhyAna meM pUrvadeza meM sAhityavidyAvadhU dvArA kAvyapuruSa ke AkarSaNa hetu prastuta nRtyagAna Adi hI bhAratI vRtti hai| pUrvadeza meM pracalita isa vRtti kA svarUpa sAhityavidyAvadhU ke prati kAvyapuruSa ke AkarSaNa kI nyUnatA kA 1. 'bhAratI sAtvatI caiva kaizikyArabhaTI tathA catastro vRttayo hyetA yAsu nATyaM pratiSThitam' nATyazAstra SaSTha adhyAya | 241 2 RgvedAd bhAratI kSiptA yajurvedAcca saatvtii| kaizikI sAmavedAcca zeSA cAtharvaNAdapi / 25 / (nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya) 3. yA vAkpradhAnA puruSaprayojyA strIvarjitA, sNskRtpaatthyyuktaa| svanAmadheyairbharataiH prayuktA sA bhAratI nAma bhavettu vRttiH| 261 vIbhatse karuNe caiva bhAratI saMprakIrtitA / 741 nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya 'bhAratI vAgvRttiH' abhinava bhAratI (abhinava gupta ) [nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya (41) kI vRtti |

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[48] pratIka hai| ataH yahA~ bhI isakA sambandha vAcika vyApAra se hI pratIta hotA hai aura gauDI rIti se isakA sambandha bhI isI tathya ko spaSTa karatA hai| mAnasika vyapAra se sambandha rakhane vAlI sAtvatI vRtti satvaguNa pradhAna, harSapUrNa tathA abhinaya kI pradhAnatA se yukta hai| vIra, adbhuta tathA zama rasoM se sambandha rakhane vAlI isa nRtyazailI meM puruSoM kI bahulatA hotI thI, yadyapi isameM striyoM kI bhI atyalpa saMkhyA vidyamAna rahatI thii| isakA sAtvatI nAmakaraNa nartakoM ke dvArA satvapradhAna bhAvoM ko pradarzita karane ke kAraNa huA 3 sAtvatoM (vaiSNavoM) kI nRtyapaddhati hone ke kAraNa bhI ise sAtvatI kahA gyaa| kAvyamImAMsA meM pAJcAla deza meM sAhityavidyAvadhU dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA nRtya, gAna, vAdya Adi sAtvatI vRtti ke rUpa meM varNita hai / yahA~ bhI isa vRtti meM harSa kI tathA sAtvika bhAvoM kI adhikatA hai kyoMki sAhityavidyAvadhU ke ina vyApAroM se kAvyapuruSa ke kiJcit AkarSaNa kA nirdeza hai| isI kAraNa yaha vRtti bhI kiJcit komala bhAvanAoM kI hI dyotaka hai aura isI prakAra kI bhAvanAoM kA pradarzana karane vAlI pAJcAlI rIti se isakA sambandha bhI hai| kAyika vyApAra se sambandha rakhane vAlI ArabhaTI vRtti kA pracalana nATya zAstra ke anusAra pahale daitya, dAnava tathA rAkSasa jAtiyoM meM hI thaa| mAyA, indrajAla, saMgrama, krodha, udbhrAnti, bandha, vadha Adi isake vaiziSTya haiN| saMvAda se lekara nRtya taka sarvatra auddhatya yukta isa vRtti meM bhI puruSanartakoM kI bahulatA thI, striyA~ atyalpa saMkhyA meM upasthita rahatI thiiN| AcArya rAjazekhara sAtvatI vRtti ko hI kuTila gati vAlI ho jAne para ArabhaTI kahate haiM / 4 isa vRtti ke nAmakaraNa kA ArabhaTa jAti se bhI 1 yA sAtvateneha guNena yuktA, nyAyena vRttena samanvitA ca harSotkaTA saMhRtazokabhAvA sA sAtvatI nAma bhavetu vRttiH / 41 ( nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya) (nATayazAstra - viMza adhyAya) sAtvatI cApi vijJeyA vIrAdbhutazamAzrayA 731 manovyApArarUpA sAtvikI saatvtii| saditi prakhyArUpaM sNvednm| tad yantrAsti tat satva manaH / tasyeyamiti / (abhinavabhAratI abhinavagupta ) (nATyazAstra viMza adhyAya (41) kI vRtti) kAvyamImAMsA - tRtIya adhyAya 2 4. 'AviddhagatimatvAtsA cArabhaTI'

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[49] sambandha hai| yaha vRtti raudra evam bhayAnaka rasoM meM prayukta hotI hai,1 AcArya vizvanAtha isako vIbhatsa rasa meM prayukta hone vAlI bhI svIkAra karate haiN| sAtvatI kA hI anya rUpa hone ke kAraNa isakA pracalana bhI sAtvatI ke hI samAna pAJcAla deza meM rahA hogaa| AcArya abhinavagupta isa vRtti ko bhaToM kI kAryavRtti ke rUpa meM kAyika vyApAra se sambaddha mAnate haiM / jisa prakAra keza deha kI zobhA ke lie upayogI haiM, usI prakAra vAcika, mAnasika aura zArIrika tInoM prakAra ke vyApAroM meM saundaryopayogI vyApAra kaizikI vRtti hai 3 zrRMgAra aura hAsya rasa meM prayukta, sundara vilAsoM se yukta isa vRtti kA vaiziSTya hai komala aura AkarSaka nepathya vidhAna, strI pAtroM kI bahulatA, aneka nRtya tathA gItoM kA Ayojana, kAmaceSTAoM kA uddIpana tathA vistAra meM kaizikI vRtti sabhI rasoM kA prANa hai, kintu zrRMgArarasa kA to isake binA nAma bhI nahIM liyA jA sktaa| bhAratI, sAtvatI aura ArabhaTI kA hI pahale prayoga hotA thA, kintu brahmA ke Agraha se kaizikI vRtti kA bhI prayoga Arambha huaa| isa vRtti kA kevala nATyapuruSoM ke dvArA prayoga na ho 1. ArabhaTaprAyaguNA tathaiva bahukapaTavaJcanopetA dambhAntavacanavatI tvArabhaTI nAma vijJeyA / 64 / nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya raudre bhayAnake caiva vijJeyArabhaTI budhaiH / ------- / / 74 / (nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya) 'puruSairbahubhiryuktamalpastrIkaM tathaiva ca sAtvatyArabhaTIprAyaM nATyamAviddhameva tat / 55 / (nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya) 'eSAM prayogaH kartavyo daitydaanvraaksssaiH| uddhatA ca ye puruSAH zauryavIryabalAnvitAH' / 57 / (nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya) 2 igrati iti arAH bhaTA: sotsAhA anlsaaH| teSAmiyaM ArabhaTI kaaryvRttiH| abhinavabhAratI (abhinavagupta) (nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya (41) kI vRtti) 3 kezAH kiJcidapyarthakriyAjAtamakurvanto dehshobhopyoginH| tadvat saundaryopayogI vyApAra: kaizikI vRttiH|----- sarvatraiva kaizikIprANA:------------zRGgArarasasya tu nAmagrahaNamapi na tayA vinA shkym| abhinavabhAratI (abhinavagupta) [nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya (41) kI vRtti ] 4. yA zlakSNanaipathyavizeSacitrA strIsaMyutA yA bhunRttgiitaa| kAmopabhogaprabhavopacArA tAM kaizikI vRttimudAharanti / 53 / (nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya) hAsyazrRGgArabahulA kaizikI prickssitaa-------------173| (nATyazAstra - viMza adhyAya)

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[50] sakane ke kAraNa brahmA ne apsarAoM kI utpatti kii| nIlakaNTha zaGkara ke nRtya meM isa vRtti kA prathama darzana huaa|1 adhika saMkhyA meM upasthita nartakiyoM ke sundara keza vinyAsa ke kAraNa, krathakaizika pradeza athavA kaizika jAti kA nATyaprayoga hone ke kAraNa isakA kaizikI' nAma huaa| ___ kAvyapuruSAkhyAna meM varNita yaha vRtti dakSiNa deza kI hai| dakSiNa deza meM kAvyapuruSa ke AkarSaNa hetu sAhityavidyAvadhU dvArA prastuta nRtya, gAna, vAdya Adi vilAsa kriyAe~ hI kaizikI vRtti haiN| isa AkhyAna se bhI isa vRtti kA pUrNata: komala bhAvanAoM ko vyakta karane vAle zrRMgAra rasa se hI sambandha spaSTa hotA hai, kyoMki inhIM vilAsoM ke dvArA kAvyapuruSa kA pUrNataH sarasa tathA AkarSita honA varNita hai| dakSiNa deza meM hI kAvyapuruSa kI pUrNa sarasatA ke varNana se pratIta hotA hai dakSiNa deza kI yaha vRtti AcArya rAjazekhara ko sarvAdhika priya thii| isI AkhyAna meM avantideza meM sAhityavidyAvadhU dvArA prastuta nRtya, gAna Adi pAJcAla deza tathA dakSiNa deza ke madhyasvarUpa vAlA thA, ataH yahA~ kI vRtti sAtvatI tathA kaizikI donoM svIkAra kI gaI hai| AcArya bhojarAja ne ina cAra vRttiyoM ke atirikta madhyamArabhaTI tathA madhyamakaizikI vRttiyA~ bhI svIkAra kI, kintu inameM ArabhaTI aura kaizikI kA kevala mizraNa hI hai, navIna vaiziSTya nahIM hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita bhAratI vRtti kA gauDI rIti se, sAtvatI aura ArabhaTI kA pAJcAlI rIti se tathA kaizikI kA vaidarbhI rIti se sambandha dRzyakAvya meM nAyakAdi ke vyavahAra ke anurUpa hI pada vinyAsa ke aucitya kA sUcaka hai| bhAratI vRtti kA rukSa kAvyapuruSa evam udAsIna sAhityavidyA se, sAtvatI kA kiJcit AkarSita kAvyapuruSa se evam kaizikI vRtti kA dRSTA mayA bhagavato nIlakaNThasya nRtyataH kaizikI zlakSNanaipathyA zRMgArarasasambhavA / 451 azakyA puruSaiH sA tu prayoktuM strIjanAdRte tato'sRjanmahAtaTTajA manasA'psaraso vibhuH / 461 (nATyazAstra - prathama adhyAya)

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[51] sAhityavidyAvadhU ke prati pUrNata: AkRSTa, sarasahRdaya kAvyapuruSa se sambandha ina vibhinna vRttiyoM kA pRthak-pRthak bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti vAle rasoM se sampRkta honA spaSTa karatA hai| pravRtti : pravRtti bhinna dezoM kI veSa racanA ke varNana se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa dRzyakAvya athavA nATya kA paramopayogI tatva hai| sabhI kAvyoM kA uddezya darzakoM tathA zrotAoM ke hRdaya meM rasonmIlana karanA hI hai | ataH dRzyakAvyoM meM pAtroM ke deza ke anukUla hI unakA veSa dikhalAnA ucita hai| anucita vepa pA tathA anucita maJca racanA dRzya kAvya ke darzakoM ke lie rasa pratIti meM bAdhaka bana jAtI hai| nATya meM veSa racanA ke aucitya kI anivAryatA ke kAraNa bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra meM pravRtti kA vistRta vivecana prApta huA, kintu kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM pravRtti kA ullekha kAvyamImAMsA meM hI prApta hotA hai, isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki kavi zikSaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita AcArya rAjazekhara kaviyoM ko vibhinna dezoM kI veSa racanA se paricita karAne ke abhilASI the| unakA pravRtti vivecana nATya zAstra para hI pUrNataH AdhArita hai| vibhinna prAntIya dveSa bhUSAoM ke samagra nirdeza hetu bharata ne cAra prakAra kI pravRttiyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai 3 nATya zAstra meM pUrva deza kI auDramAgadhI pravRtti, pAJcAla deza kI pAJcAla madhyamA, avanti deza kI AvantI tathA dakSiNa deza kI dakSiNAtyA pravRtti kA ullekha hai| kAvyamImAMsA meM bhI ina dezoM kI yahI 1. yadRcchayApi yAdRDnepathyaH sa sArasvateya AsIt- yadaparaM nRttavAdyAdikameSA cakre sA bhAratI vRttiH kiJcidAdritamanA yannepathyaH sa sArasvateya AsIditi- darzayAmbabhUva sA sAttvatI vRtti: / - tAmanuraktamanA: sa yannepathyaH sArasvateya AsIditi sA kaizikI vRtti: ' sApi yadISannRttagItavAdyavilAsAdikaM sApi yadvicitranRtagItavAdyavilAsAdikamAvirbhAvayAmAsa kAvyamImAMsA (tRtIya adhyAya) nATyazAstra (trayodaza adhyAya) 2. 'pRthivyAM nAnAdezaveSabhASAcAravArtA : khyApayatIti pravRtti: ' 3 caturvidhA pravRttizva proktA nATyaprayoktRbhiH AvantI dAkSiNAtyA ca pAJcAlI mAgadhI 37 (nATyazAstra - trayodaza adhyAya)

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[52] pravRttiyA~ varNita haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kiyA gayA bhArata kA cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAga tathA vibhinna bhAgoM ke janapadoM ke nAma nATya zAstra para hI AdhArita haiM yathA pUrva deza ke aGga, baGga, puNDra; pAJcAla deza ke pAJcAla, zUrasena, hastinApura, kAzmIra, vAhIka; avanti deza ke avantI, vaidiza, surASTra, mAlava, arbuda; dakSiNa deza ke malaya, mekala, pAla, maJjara tathA mahArASTra Adi janapada isI prakAra nATya zAstra meM bhI ullikhita haiM / kintu AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kie gae pravRtti vivecana meM bhArata ke cAra vibhAgoM ke kucha aise janapadoM kA bhI nAma liyA gayA hai, jinakA ullekha nATyazAstra ke pravRtti vivecana meM nahIM hai| yathA pUrvadeza ke suhya tathA brahma janapada, pAJcAla deza ke bAhlIka tathA bAhvaleya janapada, avanti deza kA bhRgukaccha janapada tathA dakSiNa dezoM ke kuntala, kerala aura vaGga dezoM kA nATyazAstra meM ullekha nahIM hai / ataH AcArya rAjazekhara kA pravRtti, vRtti vivecana nATyazAstra para AdhArita avazya hai, kintu unakA bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM tathA janapadoM kA vibhAjana apane samaya ke deza vibhAjana se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| kAvyamImAMsA meM kAvyapuruSa ke AkarSaNa hetu sAhityavidyAvadhU dvArA svIkRta veSa- vinyAsa pravRtti hai / 1 vibhinna dezoM kI striyoM kI tAtkAlika veSabhUSA isa grantha meM prastuta zlokoM se AMzika rUpa se jJAta hotI hai| puruSoM kI veSabhUSA kA svarUpa zlokoM meM ullikhita nahIM hai| pUrvadeza kI auDramAgadhI pravRtti : isa veSa vinyAsa meM striyA~ uttarIya vastra isa prakAra dhAraNa karatI thIM ki ghU~ghaTa mastaka kA cumbana karate the tathA bAhumUla kA spaSTa pradarzana hotA thA / agurU aura sugandhita dravya kI dhUla, candana kA lepa, gale se laTakane vAle hAra isa veSa ke anya vaiziSTya the| puruSoM kA veSa varNita na hone para bhI kAvyapuruSa kI dazA se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki puruSoM kA veSa kucha bhI dhAraNa karane vAlA 1. 'veSavinyAsakrama : pravRtti: ' kAvyamImAMsA (tRtIya adhyAya) -

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[53] avyavasthita sA rahA hogaa| vastutaH pUrva deza kI samasta veSa racanA avyavasthita tathA satarkatA se rahita pratIta hotI hai| madhyadeza yA pAJcAla deza kI pAJcAlamadhyamA pravRtti : isa veSa vinyAsa meM striyA~ kamara se ghuTanoM taka laharAte ghAghare pahanatI thiiN| kapola taka lambe karNAbharaNa tathA nAbhi taka laTakate muktAhAra striyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se priya the, kintu puruSoM ke veSa meM parivartana na hone kA saMketa kAvya puruSa kI sthiti se milatA hai|2 dakSiNa deza kI dAkSiNAtyA pravRtti : isa veSa racanA meM striyA~ bhujAoM ke nIce se kasakara sAr3iyA~ bA~dhatI thiiN| sundara keza bandhana tathA dhuMgharAlI laToM se lalita lalATa isa veSa ke vaiziSTya the| yadi kAvyapuruSa ko puruSa kA pratIka svIkAra kareM to sarasahRdaya kAvyapurupa dakSiNa deza ke tatkAlIna puruSoM ke sundara, vyavasthita vepa vinyAsa kI sUcanA detA huA parilakSita hogA 3 navIna kaviyoM ko pAtroM kI veSabhUSA se sambaddha kucha anya sUcanAe~ bhI kAvyamImAMsA se prApta hotI haiM, jo isa grantha kA apanA hI vaiziSTya hai| deza ananta hone para bhI kavi ko pravRtti, vRtti ke sambandha meM unakA cAra hI vibhAga karanA caahie| cakravartikSetra hI cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| apane deza kI 1 'ArdrAdracandanakucArpitasUtrahAra: sImantacumbisicayaH sphuTabAhumUlaH dUrvAprakANDarucirAsvagurupabhogAd gauDAGganAsu cirameSa cakAstu veSaH' "yadRcchayA'pi yAdRDnepathyaH sa sArasvateya AsIt--------' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 2 'taaddngkvlgntrnggitgnnddlekhmaanaabhilmbidrdolittaarhaarm| AzroNigulphaparimaNDalitAntarIyam veSaM namasyata mahodayasundarINAm' 'kiJcidArdritamanA yannepathyaH sa sArasvateya AsIt--------' kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 3. 'AmUlato vlitkuntlcaarucuuddshcuurnnaalkprcylaanychitbhaalbhaagH| kakSAnivezanibiDIkRtanIvireSa veSazciraM jayati keralakAminInAm' 'tAmanuraktamanAH sa yannepathyaH sArasvateya AsIda------- kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya)

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[54] veSabhUSA ke varNana meM kavi ko kiJcit aMza meM icchA kI svatantratA upalabdha ho sakatI hai, kintu yadi kavi dUsare dvIpoM kA varNana kare to use unakA veSa vinyAsa avazya jAnanA caahie| isI prakAra divyadeza ke varNana meM unakI veSabhUSA ke varNana kA hI aucitya hai / aucitya ke prati sAvadhAna honA kavi kA parama kartavya hai| (gha) kAku evam kAvyapATha : zuddha, sundara uccAraNa ko kAvya racanA ke samAna hI mahatva denA AcArya rAjazekhara kI vizeSatA haiN| tatkAlIna samAja meM kAvya-goSThiyoM kI adhikatA tathA ina goSThiyoM meM upasthita hone vAle kavi ke lie zuddhatAyukta manohArI uccAraNa kI AvazyakatA ne AcArya ko 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM 'kAku' evam 'kAvyapATha' kI vivecanA ke lie prerita kiyA hogaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrva kI gaI kAku vivecanA meM sarvaprathama bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra kA ullekha Avazyaka hai| nATya meM uccAraNa kA vizeSa mahattva hai| AcArya bharata ne do prakAra kI kAku ko pAThyaguNa ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai| sAta svara, tIna sthAna, cAra varNa, do prakAra kI kAku, 6, alaGkAra, 6 aGga pAThyaguNa haiN| kAku meM svara hI upakArI haiM, isa svara ke sAdhana sthAnAdi haiN| kAkubhUta svara kA pravartana 'uraH, kaNThaH ziraH ' ina tIna sthAnoM se hI hotA hai / 1 nATyazAstra evam usakI abhinavagupta kI vRtti se kAku kA spaSTa svarUpa hamAre sammukha upasthita hotA hai| eka hI vAkya vividha mAnasika bhAvoM - harSa, zoka, bhaya, Azcarya, krodha, dveSa Adi ke kAraNa vibhinna dhvaniyoM meM bolA jAtA hai / uccAraNa kI yaha vizeSa dhvani hI kAku hai / kAku zabda kI vyutpatti 'kak laulye' dhAtu se huI hai| 1 'pAThyaguNAnidAnoM vakSyAmaH tadyathA saptasvarAH, trINi sthAnAni catvAro varNAH dvividhA kAkuH, SaDalaGkArAH, SaDaGgAnIti, 'iha kAkuSu svarA eva vastuta upakAriNaH ' 'zArIryAmatha vINAyAM tribhyaH sthAnebhyaH eva urasaH zirasaH kaNThAt svara: kAkuH nATyazAstra, saptadaza adhyAya, pRSTha 385 pravartate / 1 106 1 nATyazAstra sapdaza adhyAya, pRSTha 388

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[55] sAkAGkSa yA nirAkAGkSa rUpa meM vizeSa prakAra se bolA jAne vAlA kAku yukta vAkya prakRta vAcyArtha se atirikta anya artha kI bhI AkAGkSA karatA hai - yahI usakA laulya hai| isI ke kAraNa isako kAku kahate haiN| kAku athavA jihvA ke vyApAra se sampAdita honA bhI isake 'kAku' kahalAne kA kAraNa hai| 1 abhinaya meM kAku kA mukhya upayoga bharatamuni ke dvArA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| paThita artha kAku ke dvArA hI abhinayatva prApta karatA hai| ucca, dIsa Adi alaGkAroM meM kAku se hI vyavahAra hotA hai| viccheda Adi aGga rasa, artha aura zobhAdi ko poSita karane ke lie kAku ke hI upakArI haiN| 2 bhAva tathA rasoM ke anukUla hI kAku ke prayoga kA aucitya hai| hAsya zRGgAra, karuNa meM vilambita kAku vIra, raudra meM ucca tathA dIpta kAku, bhayAnaka tathA vIbhatsa meM druta tathA nIca kAku abhivAJchita hotI hai / 3 bharatamuni ke paravartI vibhinna kAvyazAstriyoM ne kAku ko vakrokti alaGkAra ke eka bheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| AcArya bhAmaha ne vakrokti ko alaGkAroM kA jIvana, vAmana ne arthAlaGkAra tathA rudraTa ne zabdAlaGkAra svIkAra kiyA hai| spaSTa rUpa meM uccAraNa kie gae svara ke vaiziSTya ke kAraNa jahA~ dUsare artha kI sphuTa pratIti ho, use AcArya rudraTa kAku vakrokti alaGkAra kahate haiM / bAda meM AcArya vizvanAtha ne bhI kAku ko isI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| 'kak laulye, laulyaM ca sAkAMkSate yathA svaravaicitryaM lakSyate, ISadyato vAcyabhUmiH saMpadyate sA kAku, ISadarthe kuzabdasya kAdezaH / kAku jillA tadvayApArasaMpAdyatvAt kAkuH' pRSTha - 389 nATyazAstra, saptadaza adhyAya, abhinavagupta kI vRtti 2. athAGgAni - SaT - vicchedo'rpaNam, visargo'nubandho dIpanam prazamanamiti / -- --- eSAM ca rasagataH prayogaH / 3 hAsya zRGgArakaruNeSviSTA kAkurvilambitA vIraraudrAdbhuteSUccA dIptA vApi prazasyate / 128 / bhayAnake sabIbhatse drutA nIcA ca kIrtitA evaM bhAvarasopetA kAkuH kAryA prayoktRbhiH / 129 / 4 kAkurvakroktirnAma zabdA'laGkAro'yam' nATya zAstra - saptadaza adhyAya 4 nATya zAstra - saptadaza adhyAya (kAvyAlaGkAra rudraTa) (2-16)

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[56] AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrvavartI tathA dhvani ko kAvya kI AtmA svIkAra karane vAle AcArya Anandavardhana kA kAku ke sambandha meM bhinna vicAra hai| vaha kAku ke udAharaNoM ko guNIbhUtavyaGgatra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| kAku ke prayoga meM pratIyamAna vyaGgaya bhI sadA zabda se spRSTa hone se guNIbhUta hI rahatA hai, vaha dhvani nahIM hotaa| 1 apanI kAkuvivecanA meM AcArya rAjazekhara kAku ko pAThyaguNa ke antargata svIkAra karane vAle bharatamuni kA anukaraNa karate haiN| AcArya rudraTa ke mata kA virodha karate hue ve kAku ko alaGkAra na mAnakara 'abhiprAyavAn pAThadharma' svIkAra karate haiN| mAnuSa vAkyoM ke tIna rItiyoM ke anusAra tIna prakAroM ko aneka prakAra kA banAne kI sAmarthya kAku meM hai / 2 AcArya rAjazekhara svIkAra karate haiM ki kAku kA mahatva zAstroM meM bhI hai / vedamantroM meM bhI aise udAharaNa haiM, jahA~ svara vizeSa ke svalpa parivartana se anya artha kI pratIti hotI hai, kintu kAvya meM to abhiprAyayukta pATha ke mahatva ko asvIkAra karanA sambhava nahIM hai| kAvya kA to kAku jIvana hI haiM 3 vakrokti sampradAya ke janaka AcArya kuntaka vakrokti ko alaGkAra na mAnakara usako kAvya kA mUla tatva mAnate haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara unase pUrva kAku ke lie inhIM vacanoM kA prayoga kara cuke the| mahimabhaTTa vAcika abhinaya se sambaddha kAku ko rasAbhivyakti kA hetu svIkAra karate the 14 1 arthAntaragatiH kAkvA yA caiSA paridRzyate / sA vyaGgyasya guNIbhAve prakAramimamAzritA / 39 / 2 abhiprAyavAn pAThadharmaH kAku ' 4. dhvanyAloka, tRtIya udyota 'rItirUpaM vAkyatritayaM kAkuH punaranekayati' 3 'ayaM kAkukRto loke vyavahAro na kevalam zAstreSvapyasya sAmrAjyaM kAvyasyApyeSa jIvitam' kAvyamImAMsA (saptama adhyAya) kAvyamImAMsA (saptama adhyAya) yataH samAso vRttaM ca vRttayaH kAkavastathA vAcikAbhinayAtmatvAdrasAbhivyaktihetava: / 191 vyakti viveka dvitIya vimarza

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[57] AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcArya unake vicAroM se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha ske| AcArya bhojarAja ne to kAku ko alaGkAra mAnane vAle aura pAThyaguNa mAnane vAle vicAroM meM samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyaa| ve artha vizeSa kI pratIti ke lie kie jAne vAle kAvya pATha ko 'paThiti' kahate haiM / isa 'paThiti' ko ve zabdAlaGkArajAtiyoM ke 24 bhedoM ke antargata svIkAra karate hue 'kAku' ko isake hI 6 prakAroM meM se eka batAte haiM / / AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcArya hemacandra zleSa vakrokti ko alaGkAra mAnakara bhI kAku ko pAThadharma hI kahate haiN| kAku prayoga kA vibhinna kAvya goSThiyoM meM anubhava karane vAle AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki kAku prayoga ke sthAna kAvya meM adhikAMzataH nizcita hI hote haiM-jaise sakhI ke, nAyikA ke, sakhI aura nAyikA ke athavA bahuta sI nAyikAoM athavA sakhiyoM ke vAkyoM meM 3 kAku prakAra : bharatamuni ke nATyazAstra meM varNita sAkAGkSa tathA nirAkAGkSa kAku bhedoM4 ke anukaraNa para hI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAku ke do prakAroM kA ullekha hai| eka hI vAkya kAku dhvani vizeSa se sAkAGkSa 1. jAtirgatI-------------paThitiryamakAni ca ------------- caturviMzatirityuktA zabdAlaGkArajAtayaH / / / sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa - dvitIya pariccheda 'kAkusvara padacchedabhedAbhinayakAntibhiH pATho yo'rthavizeSAya paThitiH seha SaDvidhA / 56 / sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa - dvitIya pariccheda 2 'kAkuvakroktistvalaGkAratvena na vaacyaa| pAThadharmatvAt' (paJcama adhyAya) kAvyAnuzAsana (hemacandra) 3 'sakhyA vA nAyikAyA vA sakhInAyikayoratha sakhInAM bhUyasInAM vA vAkye kAkuriha sthitA' kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya) 4. dvividhA kAku: sAkAGkSA nirAkAGkSA ceti vAkyasya saakaangkssniraakaaksstvaat| aniyuktArthakaM vAkyaM sAkAimamiti sNnitm| niyuktArthakaMtu yadvAkyaM nirAkAkSaM taducyate / 1111 nATyazAstra - saptadaza adhyAya

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[58] tathA nirAkAGkSa do prakAra kA hotA hai| dUsare vAkya kI AkAGkSA hone para sAkAGkSA tathA vAkya kA uttara upasthita ho jAne para nirAkAGkSA kAku hotI hai| sAkAGkSA ke tIna prakAra AkSepagarbhA, praznagarbhA aura vitarkagarbhA haiM tathA nirAkAGkSA ke tIna prakAra vidhirUpA, uttararUpA tathA nirNayarUpA haiM / / sAkAGkSA kI AkSepagarbhA nirdeza dene vAle kA vAkya hone para nirAkAGkSA kI vidhirUpA, sAkAGkSA kI praznagarbhA upadeza dene vAle kA vAkya hone nirAkAGkSA kI uttararUpA, tathA sAkAGkSA kI vitarkagarbhA upadeza dene vAle kA vAkya hone para para nirAkADakSA kI nirNaya rUpA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| isa sAkAGkSA tathA nirAkAGkSA kAku bheda ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne niyamaniyantrita kAku rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| tIna cAra prakAra kI kAku kA yoga AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA varNita aniyantrita kAku hai jisake ananta bheda hai|2 isa aniyantrita kAku ke do bheda kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita haiM- 'abhyupagamAnunaya' tathA 'abhyanujJopahAsa' inakA nAma hI inake antargata mizrita bhAvoM ko prakaTa karane meM sakSama hai| kAvyamImAMsA meM kAvyapATha vivecana vibhinna rAjasabhAoM tathA vidvad-goSThiyoM meM upasthita rahakara AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyapATha kI sUkSma se sUkSma vizeSatAoM para dRSTi rakhI thI tathA mahAkavi tathA kavirAja kI upAdhiyoM se alaGkRta ve svayam kAvyapATha meM pAraGgata the| tatkAlIna samAja meM kavi ke kAvya kA pracAra bhI vidvadgoSThiyoM ke dvArA hI hotA thaa| zreSTha kAvya kA mUlyAGkana rAjasabhAoM meM vidvAnoM ke samakSa hI hotA thaa| ata: kAvyapATha kA viziSTa guNoM se yukta honA anivArya thA, anyathA vidvAnoM ke samakSa zreSThakAvya bhI apanA prabhAva chor3ane meM asamartha ho sakatA thaa| uttama pATha kAvya ko sarvagrAhya banA sakatA thaa| kavi ke lie mahatvapUrNa sUcanAoM kI nidhi ke rUpa meM upasthita 'kAvyamImAMsA' isI kAraNa eka ora kavi ko 1 'sA ca dvidhA sAkAGkSA nirAkAGkSA ca / vAkyAntarAkAkSiNI sAkAGkSA, vAkyottarabhAvinI nirAkAGkSA / ------- AkSepagarbhA, praznagarbhA vitarkagarbhA ceti sAkAGkSA / vidhirUpA uttararUpA nirNayarUpeti nirAkAGkSA' / kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya) 2. 'tA imAstistro'pi niytnibndhaaH| tadviparItAH punaranantAH' kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya)

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[59] uttama pATha ke guNoM se paricita karAkara apanA kAvyapATha saMvArane kA nirdeza detI hai, to dUsarI ora tatkAlIna vibhinna bhASAoM tathA vibhinna dezoM ke kAvyapATha kI vizeSatA se bhI paricita karAtI hai| nATyazAstra ke racayitA bharata muni ne pAThyaguNoM ko prastuta kiyA thA, kyoMki nATyAbhinaya ko uttama pATha hI sarasa banAkara prastuta kara sakatA thaa| sAta svara, tIna sthAna, cAra varNa, dvividha kAku, paD alaMkAra aura SaD aMga 'nATyazAstra' meM pAThyaguNoM ke rUpa meM varNita haiN|| SaDja, RSabha, gAndhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata, niSAda sAta svara haiN| ura, kaNTha, zira-tIna sthAna haiN| kAku sAkAGkSa tathA nirAkAGkSa do prakAra kI hai| udAtta, anudAtta, svarita aura kampita cAra varNa haiN| ucca, dIpta, mandra, nIca, druta aura vilambita alaGkAra haiN| viccheda, arpaNa, visarga, anubandha, dIpana aura prazamana pAThya ke SaD aGga hai| ina sabhI kA prayoga rasAnusAra honA caahie| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM bhI ina sabhI guNoM se yukta pATha hI uttama pATha hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne svIkAra kiyA hai uttama pATha lalita svara se, kAku se yukta, suspaSTa, arthAnusAra virAma sahita, gambhIra, U~ce nIce svara kA bhalI prakAra nirvAha karate hue, saMyuktAkSaroM meM lAvaNya sahita, vibhaktiyoM kI, samAsa kI tathA padoM kI sandhiyoM kI 1. pAThyaguNAnidAnoM vakSyAmaH - tadyathA saptasvarAH trINi sthAnAni catvAro varNAH dvividhA kAku: SaDalaGkArAH ssddnggaaniiti| saptasvarA nAma-SaDjarSabha gAndhAramadhyamapaJcama dhaivataniSAdAH ta ete rsessuuppaadyaaH| trINi sthAnAni ura: kaNThaH ziraH iti| / 106 / udAttAnudAttazca svarita kampitastathA varNAzcatvAraH eva syuH pAThyaprayoge tapodhanAH dvividhA kAkuH sAkAGkSA nirAkAGkSA ceti vAkyasya sAkAGkSanirAkAGkSatvAt / 1111 ucco dIptazca mandrazca nIco drutavilambitau pAThyasyaite hyalaGkArA lakSaNaM ca nibodhata / 113 / / athAGgAni SaT-vicchedo'rpaNaM visargo'nubandho dIpanam prshmnmiti| tatra vicchedo nAma viraamkRtH| arpaNaM nAma-lolAyamAna-madhuravalgunA svareNa pUrayateva raGga yatpaThyate tdrpnnm| visargo nAma vaakynyaasH| anubandho nAma padAntareSvapi vicchedaH anucchvasanaM vaa| dIpanaM nAma tristhAnazobhi vardhamAnasvaraM ceti| prazamanaM nAma tAragatAnAM svarANAm prshaamytaamvaisvryennaavtaarnnmiti| eSAM ca rasagataH pryogH| nATyazAstra - (bharatamuni) (saptadaza adhyAya)

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[60] spaSTa pratIti karAte hue tathA kriyApadoM kA spaSTa rUpa se uccAraNa karate hue honA caahie| uttama pATha ke ina sabhI vaiziSTyoM kA udyezya kAvyabandha ke bhAva kA suspaSTa, camatkArI tathA sarasa rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa hai| uttama pATha kA guNa sarasvatI kI kRpA se prApta hotA hai / / 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAvyapATha karane ke lie tatpara kavi ko yaha nirdeza bhI diyA gayA hai usakA kAvyapATha kAvya ke guNoM ke vaiziSTya para bhI AdhArita honA caahie| yathA prasAda guNa vAlI kavitA gambhIratA se, ojomayI kavitA ucca svara se evam ubhayaguNa vAlI racanA AvazyakatAnusAra gambhIra aura ucca svara se par3hI jAnI cAhie vargoM ke pA~ca sthAnoM-svara, kAla, sthAna, prayatna aura anupradAna-se utpanna vargoM kA samucita rUpa se uccAraNa tathA artha ke anurodha se virAma uttama pATha kA rahasya hai / / 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita uttama pATha ke guNa Aja bhI prAsaGgika haiN| kAvyapATha ke guNoM ko prastuta karane ke sAtha hI kAvyamImAMsA' kAvyapATha ke doSoM se bhI paricita karAtI hai, tathA kAvyapATha 1 lalitaM kAkusamanvitamujjavalamarthavazakRtaparicchedaM zrutisukhaviviktavarNa kavayaH pAThaM prazaMsanti // gambhIratvamanaizvaryaM nirvyddhistaarmndryoH| saMyuktavarNalAvaNyamiti pAThaguNAH smRtAH / / yathA vyAdhI haretputrAndraMSTrAbhizca na piiddyet| bhItA patanabhedAbhyAM tdvdvrnnaanpryojyet|| vibhaktayaH sphuTA yatra smaasshcaakrthitH| amlAnaH padasandhizca tatra pAThaH prtisstthitH|| na vyastapadayoraikyaM na bhidAM tu smstyoH| na cAkhyAtapadamlAniM vidadhIta sudhI: ptthn| kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya) 2 paThituM vetti sa paraM yasya siddhA sarasvatI kAvyamImAMsA- (saptama adhyAya) 3 prasanne mandrayedvAcaM taaryettdvirodhini| mandratArau ca racayennirvAhiNi yathottaram // kAvyamImAMsA- (saptama adhyAya) 4. paJcasthAnasamudbhavavarNeSu yathAsvarUpaniSpatti arthavazena ca viratiH sarvasvamidaM hi paatthsy|| kAvyamImAMsA- (saptama adhyAya)

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[61] karane vAle kavi ko avadhAnapUrvaka unase dUra rahane kA nirdeza detI hai| yathA atizIghra, ativilamba se, bahuta jora se cillAkara, atimanda svara se binA padaccheda kie hue atimRdutA athavA atikaThoratA se kAvyapATha nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| pRthak-pRthak padoM ko milAkara tathA samasta padoM ko pRthak karake par3hanA bhI kAvyapATha ko sadoSa banA detA hai| yaha sabhI doSa kAvyabhAva kI sarasatA ke prastutIkaraNa meM bAdhaka bana jAte haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza sabhI bhASAoM ke kAvyapATha kA lAlityayukta honA anivArya mAnate the| vidvAnoM ke kAvyapATha meM aisA vaiziSTya honA cAhie ki vaha vidvAnoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhAraNajana ko bhI karNamadhara pratIta ho 2 apane yAyAvara svarUpa se vibhinna sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karate hue AcArya rAjazekhara pratyeka sthAna ke kAvyapATha kI vidhi tathA vaiziSTya, guNa tathA doSoM se samyak paricita ho cuke the| ata: unakI 'kAvyamImAMsA' tatkAlIna bhASA prayoga tathA vibhinna prAntoM ke kAvyapATha kI vizeSatAoM para paryApta prakAza DAlatI hai| magadha, gauDa, lATa, surASTra, karNATa, draviDa, kAzmIra, uttarApatha aura pAJcAla Adi sthAnoM ke kAvyapATha kI vizeSatAe~ 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita haiM / 3 1. atitUrNamativilambitamulbaNanAdaM ca nAdahInaM c| apadacchinnamanAvRttamatimRduparUSaM ca nindti|| kAvyamImAMsA- (saptama adhyAya) 2 AgopAlakamAyoSidAstAmetasya lehyatA itthaM kaviH paThankAvyaM vAgdevyA ativallabhaH ye'pi zabdavido naiva naiva cArthavicakSaNAH / teSAmapi satAM pAThaH suSTha krnnrsaaynm| kAvyamImAMsA- (saptama adhyAya) 3 kAvyamImAMsA (saptama adhyAya) meM varNita vibhinna dezoM ke pATha : magadha :- paThanti saMskRta suSTha kuNThAH prAkRtavAci te| vArANasItaH pUrveNa ye kecinmgdhaadyH|| lATadeza :- paThanti laTabhaM lATAH prAkRtaM saMskRtadviSaH jihvayA llitollaaplbdhsaundrymudryaa| surASTra travaNAdi :- surASTratravaNAdyA ye paThantyarpitasauSThavam / aprabhraMzAvadaMzAni te sNskRtvcaaNsypi|| karNATa deza :- rasaH ko'pyastu kApyastu rItiH ko'pyastu vA gunnH| sgrv'srvkrnnaattaassttngkaarottrpaatthinH|| draviNa deza :- gadye padye'thavA mizre kAvye kAvyamanA api| geyagarbhe sthitaH pAThe sarvo'pi draviDaH kviH|| kAzmIra :- zAradAyAH prasAdena kAzmIraH sukvirjnH| karNe guDUcIgaNDUSasteSAM pAThakramaH kimu|| uttarApatha :- tataH purastAtkavayo ye bhvntyuttraapthe| te mahatyapi saMskAre saanunaasikpaatthinH||

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[62] magadha ke kavi saMskRta kA sundara kAvyapATha karate the kintu prAkRta kAvyapATha meM kuNThita ho jAte the| lATa deza ke kavi prAkRta kA to lalita uccAraNa sahita sundara pATha karate the, kintu unakA saMskRta kAvyapATha uttama nahIM thaa| surASTra, travaNa Adi dezoM ke kavi saMskRta tathA apabhraMza donoM kA sundara, spaSTa kAvyapATha karate the| karNATa dezavAsI pratyeka rasa, rIti athavA guNa meM atyanta spaSTa kintu TanaTanAhaTa ke sAtha kAvyapATha karate the| draviDa dezavAsI kAvyamarmajJa to the, kintu gadya, padya tathA mizra sabhI kA gAkara pATha karate the| sarasvatI ke kRpApAtra hone para bhI kAzmIra ke kavi atizaya karNakaTu kAvyapATha karate the| uttarApatha ke kavi vyAkaraNa zAstra ke jJAtA hone para bhI sAnunAsika pATha karate the| AcArya rAjazekhara ne gauDa deza vAsiyoM ke kAvyapATha ko madhyamakoTi kA mAnA thaa| kyoMki unake pATha kA vaiziSTya thA na ati spaSTa, na aspaSTa, na rUkSa na atikomala, na ati ucca svara na gambhIra svr| kintu madhyamakoTi kA kAvyapATha karane vAle yaha gauDadezavAsI bhI prAkRta bhASA kA karNakaTu kAvya pATha prastuta karate the| ata: sarasvatI duHkhI thIM 2 AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM sarvAdhika prazaMsA pAJcAla deza ke kaviyoM ke kAvyapATha kI prastuta kI hai| unakA pATha atyanta madhura, niyamAnusAra samucita dhvani se sampUrNa, vargoM ke spaSTa uccAraNa sahita tathA ucita sthAna para vizrAmayukta hotA thA 3 isa prakAra AcArya rAjazekhara ne vibhinna sthAnoM ke kAvyapATha ke doSoM kA hI nahIM, unake guNoM kA bhI samyaka nirIkSaNa kiyA thaa| 1 nAtispaSTo na cAzliSTo na rUkSo naatikoml:| na mandro nAtitArazca pAThI gauDeSu vaaddvH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya) 2 Aha smabrahmanvijJApayAmi tvAM svaadhikaarjihaasyaa| gauDastyajatu vA gAthAmanyA vA'stu srsvtii|| kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya) 3 mArgAnugena ninadena nidhirguNAnAm sampUrNavarNaracano ytibhirvibhktH| pAJcAlamaNDalabhuvAM subhagaH kavInAm zrotre madhu kSarati kiJcana kaavypaatthH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (saptama adhyAya)

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[63] kavizikSaka ke rUpa meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi ko kevala kAvyanirmANa ke vizada svarUpa meM hI paricita nahIM karAyA, balki usako kAvyapATha ke aucitya anaucitya se paricita karAkara vidagdhagoSThiyoM meM pahu~cakara kAvyapATha prastuta karate hue mahAkavi tathA kavirAja ke ucca stara taka le jAne meM bhI apanA yogadAna kiyaa|

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tRtIya adhyAya 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAvyahetu tathA kavizikSA kAvyamImAMsA meM pratibhA evam vyutpatti kA vistAra-laukika jagat ke prANiyoM ko alaukika Ananda kI parAkASThA taka pahu~cAne vAle kAvya kA sRSTA 'kavi' kahalAtA hai| sarasvatI kA mahArahasya kAvyarUpa meM hI kavi kI vANI dvArA vyakta hotA hai| vANI se prasphuTita hone vAlI yaha kAvyarUpa sarasvatI kavi kI alaukika pratibhA vizeSa ko vyakta karatI hai, kintu alaukika AnandadAyaka kAvya kA sRSTA kavi kAvyasRjana kucha hetuoM dvArA hI kara pAtA hai| ata: kAvyazAstra ke prAya: sabhI AcAryoM ne kAvyanirmANa kI kSamatA ke utpAdaka sAdhana ke rUpa meM tIna anivArya kAvyahetuoM kA apane granthoM meM vivecana kiyA hai| ina kAvyahetuoM ke mahatva kI dRSTi se yadi vicAra kareM to pratibhA athavA zakti kA sarvocca sthAna sabhI AcAryoM ko svIkAra hai| phira bhI kavitva kI parAkASThA use hI prApta hotI hai jo pratibhA sampanna hai, zAstra aura kAvyAdi ke jJAna dvArA vyutpanna hai aura jo satata kAvyanirmANa kA abhyAsa bhI karatA hai| isa prakAra kAvya ke tInoM hetu samaSTi rUpa se hI kAvya ke kAraNa haiM, kAvyanirmANa ke lie unakI anivAryatA ke viSaya meM prAyaH kAvyazAstra ke sabhI AcArya ekamata haiN| zreSTha kAvya to tInoM ke sammilana se hI nirmita hotA hai| saundaryamaya, sahRdayahRdayAhlAdaka kAvya kI racanA ke lie-jisameM nIrasa aMza kA sarvathA tyAga kiyA gayA ho aura kevala sarasa aMza kA hI grahaNa kiyA gayA ho-AcArya rudraTa tInoM kAvyahetuoM kI samaSTi ko hI Avazyaka mAnate haiM / / AcArya daNDI, mammaTa aura vidyAdhara Adi AcArya bhI kAvyahetuoM ko sammilita rUpa meM hI kAvya kA kAraNa svIkAra karate haiM, pRthak rUpa meM nhiiN| AcArya daNDI ke grantha meM isa viSaya meM kiJcit 1. tasyAsAranirAsAtsAragrahaNAcca cAruNaH karaNe tritayamidaM vyApriyate shktidyutpttirbhyaasH| (1/14)(kAvyAlaGkAra-rudraTa)

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[65] asAmAnya vicAra upasthita huA hai yadyapi vaha tInoM hetuoM kI sammilita anivAryatA to svIkAra karate haiM, kintu yadA kadA pratibhA ke abhAva meM bhI vyutpatti aura abhyAsa kA mahatva svIkAra karate haiN| isa viSaya meM AcArya rAjazekhara tInoM hetuoM kI samaSTi ko svIkAra to karate haiM, kintu zakti aura pratibhA ko kAvyanirmANa kA parama kAraNa mAnate haiM; tathApi unake grantha meM vyutpatti aura abhyAsa ko jitanA mahatva tathA vistAra prApta huA hai, utanA unake pUrva anyatra nahIM miltaa| zakti evam pratibhA : nirantara prayatna karane para bhI zreSTha kavitva sabhI ke lie sambhava nahIM hai| vibhinna AcAryoM ne prayatna se kavi banane kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra to kiyA hai, kintu kavi ke kAvya meM usake prayAsa kA pratibimba jaba dikhAI detA hai, taba kAvya sAmAnya hI hotA hai, uttama koTi kA nhiiN| zreSTa kAvya meM-usake bhAva tathA bhASA ke antima svarUpa meM kevala sarasatA hI parilakSita honI cAhie, kavi kA sazrama prayAsa nhiiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM pratibhA ko praryApta vistAra pradAna kiyA hai| pratibhA pratyeka sthiti meM kAvya kA pratyakSa strota hai| kavi pratibhA ke dvArA hI kAvya kI sRSTi karatA hai tathA una bhAvoM tathA citroM kI udbhAvanA karatA hai jina taka sAmAnya jana kI dRSTi nahIM pahu~ca pAtI, sAtha hI kavi kI pratibhA vastu ko lokottara saundarya se maMDita karane meM bhI sakSama hai| kavi meM nihita kAvya kI janmadAtrI sAmarthya kAvyazAstrIya jagat meM zakti evam pratibhA zabdoM se abhihita hai| pratibhA athavA kavitvazakti navIna kalpanAoM, navIna zabdoM, arthoM se yukta zreSTha maulika kAvya kI racanA meM kavi ko samartha banAtI hai| pratibhA se prabhAvita kalpanAoM meM navInatA kA samAveza avazya hotA hai, tathA kAvya ke zabda aura artha navIna na hone para bhI navIna se pratIta hote haiN| kavi pratibhA zreSTha kAvya ke parama tatva rasa ke anukUla hI zabda, artha, ukti Adi ko kavi ke hRdaya meM pratibhAsita karatI hai| 1. naisargikI ca pratibhAzrutaJca bahunirmalam amandazcAbhiyogo'syAH kAraNaM kAvyasampadaH (103) na vidyate yadyapi pUrvavAsanA guNAnubandhi prtibhaadbhutm| zrutena yatnena ca vAgapAsitA dhruvam karotyeva kamapyanugraham (104) prathama pariccheda kAvyAdarza (daNDI)

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[66] zakti evam pratibhA donoM hI zabdoM kA kAvyazAstra meM pUrvavAsanA evam janmAntarINa saMskAra rUpa kavitvabIja ke lie prayoga huA hai| AcArya daNDI evam vAmana ne pUrvavAsanA rUpa kavitvabIja ke lie pratibhA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai tathA mammaTa evam kezavamizra dvArA kavitva kA bIjarUpa pUrvajanma kA vizeSa saMskAra athavA puNya zakti zabda se abhihita hai| ataH zakti aura pratibhA do bhinna vastue~ nahIM haiN| vibhinna AcAryoM jaise rudraTa, kezava mizra Adi ne to spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki zakti ko hI anya AcArya pratibhA kahate hai| AcArya bhAmaha kI dRSTi meM navanavonmeSazAlinI prajJA jo traikAlikI bhI ho-pratibhA hai| gurU ke upadeza se zAstra ke adhyayana meM to jar3abuddhi bhI saphala ho jAtA hai kintu kAvyotpatti ke lie pratibhA parama Avazyaka tatva hai| pratibhA tathA zakti AcArya daNDI dvArA paryAya rUpa meM svIkRta kI gaI haiN| pUrvajanma se utpanna saMskAra hI naisargikI pratibhA athavA zakti hai / yaha pratibhA guNAnubandhi arthAt kavi kI utkarSAdhAyaka, kavi ko suyazadAtrI hai| AcArya vAmana bhI usa sAmarthya ko-jisake kAraNa kAvya banatA hai 'pratibhAna' kahate haiM 3 yaha kavitvabIjarUpa pratibhAna pUrvajanma se prApta vaha saMskAra hai jisake binA kAvyaracanA yA to ho hI nahIM sakatI, yadi hotI hai to upahAsayogya hI hotI hai| bhAmaha, daNDI, vAmana Adi AcAryoM meM se kisI ne bhI zabda, artha ke mAnasika sphuraNa rUpa sAmarthya kA varNana nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne kevala eka hI sAmarthya ko kavitva kA bIjarUpa saMskAra 1 gurUpadezAdadhyetuM zAstraM jaDadhiyo'pyalam kAvyaM tu jAyate jAtu ksycitprtibhaavtH|| 1-5 // kAvyAlaGkAra (bhAmaha) prathama pariccheda isI saMdarbha meM pratibhA kA spaSTIkaraNa 'smRtirvyatItaviSayA matirAgAmigocarA, buddhistAtkAlikI proktA, prajJA traikAlikI mtaa| prajJA navanavonmeSazAlinIm pratibhA viduH|| kAvyAlaGkAra (bhAmaha) prathama pariccheda 2 na vidyate yadyapi pUrvavAsanA guNAnubandhi prtibhaanmdbhutm| zrutena yatnena ca vAgupAsitA dhruvaM karotyeva kamapyanugraham / 1041 [kAvyAdarza (daNDI) prathama pariccheda] 3 kavitvabIjaM pratibhAnam (1-3-16) kavitvasya bIjaM kavitvabIjam / janmAntarAgata saMskAravizeSaH kshcit| yasmAdvinA kAvyaM na niSpadyate, niSpannaM vA hAsyAyatanaM syaat| 161 kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) prathamAdhikaraNa (tRtIya adhyAya)

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[67] athavA navanavonmeSazAlinI prajJA kahA hai| adhikAMzataH yaha sAmarthya pratibhA zabda se hI abhihita hai| AcArya rudraTa se pUrvakAlIna ina AcAryoM kI paribhASAoM meM do vaiziSTya nihita haiM-kavitva kA bIjarUpa saMskAra tathA navanavonmeSazAlinI buddhi| AcArya rudraTa kI dRSTi meM pratibhA tathA zakti paryAyavAcI haiN| nirantara ekAgra mana meM aneka prakAra ke arthoM kA tathA akliSTa padoM kA visphuraNa karAne vAlI sAmarthya AcArya rudraTa kI zakti hai|| anya pUrvAcAryoM kI pratibhA AcArya rudraTa kI zakti ke samAna hai kyoMki isa zakti kI tulanA pUrvAcAryoM kI paribhASA kI 'navanavonmeSazAlinI buddhi' se kI jA sakatI hai| 'kAvyopayogI zabda aura artha kA mana meM visphuraNa' evam 'buddhi kA navanavonmeSa' kevala vacanAntara hI haiM / AcArya rudraTa kI zakti tathA AcArya rAjazekhara kI pratibhA paribhASA kI dRSTi se samAna haiN| kavihRdaya meM zabdoM, arthoM, alaGkAroM, uktiyoM Adi kAvyopayogI sAmagrI ko pratibhAsita karane vAlI sAmarthya AcArya rAjazekhara ke anusAra pratibhA hai| AcArya mammaTa kI zakti bhI kavitva kA bIjarUpa saMskAravizeSa hI hai| AcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI zakti evam pratibhA zabdoM kA eka hI artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| dhvanikAvya kI zreSThatA svIkAra karane vAle AcArya Anandavardhana kavi kI azakti athavA avyutpatti se doSayukta kAvya ko dhvani kA viSaya nahIM maante| dhvani se anyathA prasaGgoM meM sahRdayoM ko kavi kI avyutpatti se utpanna doSa usakI pratibhA ke prabhAva se tirohita ho jAne ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI pratIta nahIM hote, kintu kavi kI azakti se utpanna doSa to vyutpatti dvArA bhI chipAyA nahIM jA sakatA, vaha turanta pratIta ho jAtA hai 3 yadyapi yaha donoM hI sthala doSayukta haiM, ataH dhvanikAvya nahIM hai| dhvani evam guNIbhUtavyaGgaya ke Azraya se kaviyoM kA pratibhAguNa anantatA ko prApta hotA hai| yadi kavi meM 1. manasi sadA susamAdhinI visphuraNamanekadhAmidheyasya akliSTAni padAni ca vibhAnti yasyAmasau shktiH| (1-15) kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa) 2 yA zabdagrAmamarthasArthamalaGkAratantramuktimArgamanyadapi tathAvidhamadhihRdayaM pratibhAsayati sA prtibhaa| (caturtha adhyAya) kAvyamImAMsA - (rAjazekhara) 3. avyutpatterazaktervA nibandho yaH skhaladgateH zabdasya sa ca na jJeyaH sUribhirviSayo dhvneH| 321 avyutpattikRto doSaH zaktyA saMkriyate kave: yastvazaktikRtastasya jhgityevaavbhaaste|| dhvanyAloka (dvitIya udyota)

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[68] pratibhAguNa ho to dhvani aura guNIbhRtavyaGgaya kA Azraya lene se kAvyArthoM kI samApti nahIM ho sakatI, use asaMkhya kAvyArtha prApta ho hI jAte haiM / AcArya Anandavardhana ke anusAra prAktana janma ke puNya arthAt saMskAra tathA abhyAsa ke paripAka se kAvyaracanA meM pravRtta kavi ke mAnasa meM sarasvatI abhimata artha kA AvirbhAva svayaM karA detI hai| pUrvajanma kA saMskArarUpa pratibhA tathA isa janma meM abhyAsa kA paripAka kaviyoM ko zabdoM aura arthoM ke anveSaNa meM prayatnazIla nahIM rahane detaa| sarasvatI dvArA zabda aura artha unake mAnasa meM svayaM ubuddha hote haiM, yahI mahAkaviyoM kA mahAkavitva hai / 2 AcArya Anandavardhana dvArA varNita ina sabhI sthaloM meM pratibhA tathA zakti do bhinna vastue~ nahIM haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhI AcArya Anandavardhana ke dvArA prayukta 'zakti' zabda ke lie kahA hai ki 'zakti' zabda lakSaNA se pratibhA ke lie hI prayukta hai| AcArya abhinavagupta ke anusAra pratibhA vAgdevatA ke anugraha se kavi ke hRdaya meM utpanna vicitra apUrva artha ke nirmANa kI zaktirUpa hai|4 kavi ke hRdaya meM parisphurita abhidheya ko unhI ke vizeSa pratipAdana meM samartha abhidhAna dvArA kathana pratibhA ke vaiziSTya ke rUpa meM AcArya kuntaka dvArA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai 5 rasa ke anukUla zabda, artha ke lie cintita kavi kI kSaNamAtra meM svarUpa ke sparza se 1. dhvaneritthaM guNIbhUtavyaGgyasya ca samAzrayAt na kAvyArthavirAmo'sti yadi syAtpratibhAguNaH / 6 / dhvanyAloka - (Anandavardhana) caturtha udyota 2 sarasvatI svAdu tadarthavastu niSyandamAnA mahatAM kviinaam| alokasAmAnyamabhivyanakti pratisphurantaM pratibhAvizeSam / 7 / dhvanyAloka - (prathama udyota) 3 'zaktizabdazcAyamupacaritaH pratibhAne vartate' (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya) 4. na kaverapi svahRdayAyatanasatatoditapratibhAbhidhAnaparavAgdevatAnugrahotthitavicitrApUrvArthanirmANazaktizAlinaH prajApateriva kAmajanitajagataH (prathama adhyAya) abhinava bhAratI (abhinava gupta) 5. zabdo vivakSitArthaMkavAcako'nyeSu satsvapi arthaH sahRdayAhRlAdakArisvaspandasundaraH 19 / kavivivakSitavizeSAbhidhAnakSamatvameva vaacktvlkssnnm| yasmAt pratibhAyAM tatkAlollikhitena kenacitparispandena parisphurantaH padArthA: prakRtaprastAvasamucitena ke nacidutkarSeNa vA samAcchAditasvabhAvAH santo vivkssaavidheytvenaabhidheytaapdviimvtrntstthaavidhvshessprtipaadnsmrthenaabhidhaanenaabhidhiiymaanaashcetncmtkaaritaamaapdynte| prathama unmeSa vakroktijIvita - (kuntaka)

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[69] udabuddha prajJA ko AcArya mahimabhaTTa pratibhA kahate haiM / / yaha pratibhA bhagavAn kA tRtIya netra hai, jisase tInoM lokoM ke bhAva sAkSAt ho jAte haiM, pratibhA dvArA nibaddha apratyakSa artha bhI sAkSAt se pratIta hote haiN| paNDitarAja jagannAtha kI pratibhA ke svarUpa kI sambaddhatA kAvyaracanA ke anukUla pada tathA padArtha kI zIghra upasthiti karAne vAlI buddhi se hai / 2 AcArya vAgbhaTa kA vicAra hai ki akliSTa padoM tathA abhinava uktiyoM ke udbodha meM samartha uttama kavi kI sarvavyApinI buddhi hI pratibhA hai 3 kAvya athavA kalA ke nirmANa meM pratibhA hI samartha hai, yaha pratibhA navanavonmeSazAlinI prajJA hai| pratibhA ke prabhAva se hI krAntidarzI kavi bhUta, bhaviSya tathA vartamAn ko mAnoM pratyakSa dekhate aura varNana karate haiN| avyakta rUpa vastuoM ke darzana meM tathA manohArI varNana meM pratibhA hI niyojita karatI hai| AcArya kezavamizra kI pratibhA pUrvajanma ke saMskAra rUpa meM prApta puNya athavA zakti hI hai| isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki kAvyazAstra ke adhikAMza AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM zakti tathA pratibhA do bhinna vastuoM kI bodhaka nahIM haiM, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara zakti evam pratibhA ko pUrNataH bhinna mAnate haiM 5 AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kevala pratibhA kA svarUpa hI spaSTa kiyA hai, zakti kA nhiiN| jaba zakti kA pratibhA se pRthak rUpa meM svarUpa spaSTa nahIM hai taba zakti aura pratibhA kA pArthakya kevala eka hI vastu kI do bhinna sthitiyoM ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya 1. rasAnuguNazabdArthacintAstimitacetasaH kSaNaM svarUpasparzotthA prajaiva pratibhA kveH| (117) sA hi cakSurbhagavatastRtIyamiti gIyate yena sAkSAtkarotyeSa bhaavaaNstrailokyvrtinH|| (118) ___vyakti viveka (mahimabhaTTa) dvitIya vimarza 2 tasya ca kAraNaM kavigatA kevalA pratibhA sA ca kaavyghttnaanukuulshbdaarthopsthitiH|| prathamAnana rasagaGgAdhara (paNDitarAja jagannAtha) 3 prasannapadanavyArthayuktyudabodhavidhAyinI sphurantI satkaverbuddhiH pratibhA srvtomukhii| 4 / .........sarvato mukhaM yasyAH sA tathA sarvavyApinI sarvAGgINA cetyrthH| evaM vidhottamakaverbuddhiH pratibhA ucyte| vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (vAgbhaTa) (prathama pariccheda) 4. zaktiH puNyavizeSaH / sa eva prtibhetyucyte|| alaGkArazekhara (kezavamizra) (prathama marIci) 5 samAdhirAntaraH prayatno bAhyastvabhyAsaH tAvubhAvapi shktimudbhaasytH| 'sA kevalam kAvye hetuH' iti yaayaakriiyH| viprasRtizca sA prtibhaavytputtibhyaam| caturtha adhyAya kAvyamImAMsA - (rAjazekhara)

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[70] gajazekhara kevala zakti ko hI kAvya kA parama kAraNa svIkAra karate haiN| pratibhA unakI dRSTi meM kAvyanirmANa kI parama sahAyaka sAmagrI hai| jaba taka zabdoM, arthoM, uktiyoM Adi kA hRdaya meM pratibhAsa na ho kavi kAvyanirmANa kara hI nahIM sktaa| kintu kAvya kI isa parama sahAyaka sAmagrI rUpI pratibhA ke bhI 'hetu' rUpa meM AcArya rAjazekhara 'zakti' kA ullekha karate haiN| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM zakti kA svarUpa spaSTa na hone ke kAraNa aneka visaMgatiyoM ke upasthita hone para bhI zakti ko kAvyazAstra ke vibhinna AcAryoM se sahamati vyakta karate hue pUrvavAsanA rUpa, kavitva kA bIjabhUta saMskAra vizeSa svIkAra karanA hI ucita hogaa| kavi ke janma ke sAtha hI kavi-samaveta honA isa kavitvabIja rUpa pUrvavAsanA kA vaiziSTya hai| samAdhi evam abhyAsa dvArA udbhAsita yaha zakti kAvyopayogI zabda, artha, ukti, alaGkAra Adi sAmagriyoM ko hRdaya meM pratibhAsita karane vAlI sAmarthya bana jAtI hai-jise pratibhA kahate haiN| isa prakAra bIja kI avicalita sthiti evam usakA udbheda hokara aMkura nikalanA eka hI bIja kI jisa prakAra do sthitiyA~ haiM, usI prakAra zakti evam pratibhA ko bhI eka hI sAmarthya kI do vibhinna sthitiyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisa vyakti meM kavitva kA bIjabhUta saMskAra hai, usake hRdaya meM hI kAvyocita sAmagriyoM kA pratibhAsa hotA hai-yahI navanavonmeSazAlinI prajJA arthAt pratibhA hai| isa prakAra kI sthiti svIkAra kI jAe to AcArya rAjazekhara ke donoM vicAroM-'kevala zakti hI kAvya kA parama kAraNa hai' tathA 'pratibhA kAvyanirmANa kI parama sahAyaka sAmagrI hai'-meM paraspara virodha utpanna nahIM hogaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki zakti aura pratibhA meM kAraNa kAryabhAva hai| kartatva rUpa zakti kA karmarUpa hai pratibhA tathA vyutpti| prajJA tathA pratibhA eka hI artha meM prayukta hotI haiM, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara tInoM kAloM kI tIna prakAra kI buddhi svIkAra karate haiM-smRti, mati, prajJA / kavi se sambaddha kArayitrI pratibhA ke AcArya rAjazekhara ne tIna bheda 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM prastuta kie haiM-sahajA 1. 'pratibhaiva parikaraH' iti yAyAvarIyaH kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 2. 'zaktikartRke hi pratibhAvyutpattikarmaNI caturtha adhyAya kAvyamImAMsA - (rAjazekhara) 3 tridhA ca sA smRtirmatiH prajJeti atikrAntasyArthasya smI smRtiH| vartamAnasya mantrI mtiH| anAgatasya prajJAtrI prjnyeti| sA triprakArA'pi kviinaamupkii| caturtha adhyAya kAvyamImAMsA - (rAjazekhara)

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[71] pratibhA, AhAryA pratibhA tathA aupadezikI pratibhA AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kiyA gayA viziSTa vargIkaraNa pratibhA ke kAraNoM kI vyApakatA ko pradarzita karatA hai| sahajA pratibhA kA kAraNa - pUrvajanma kA saMskAra / AhAryA pratibhA kA kAraNa - isa janma ke vyutpatti aura abhyAsa / aupadezikI pratibhA kA kAraNa - mantra tantra, devatA, mahApuruSAdi ke varadAna athavA upadeza / pUrvajanma kA saMskAra hone para bhI aihika saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne prabalatA se svIkAra kiyA hai| sahajA pratibhA ke lie isa janma kA atyalpa saMskAra tathA AhAryA pratibhA ke lie atyadhika saMskAra apekSita hai aupadezikI pratibhA ke lie upadeza, varadAna Adi paryApta haiN| pratibhA se sambaddha kavi bheda : 1 tIna prakAra kI kArayitrI pratibhAoM se sambaddha tIna prakAra ke kavi bhI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM upasthita haiM 2 sArasvata kavi - svAbhAvika buddhimAn prakharabuddhi kavi ko janma se sahajA pratibhA prApta hotI hai / aihika alpa saMskAra se ubuddha pratibhA vAlA vaha vyakti zreSTha kavi bana sakatA hai| sahRdayoM ke hRdayaharaNa kI kSamatA vizeSa rUpa se sahajA pratibhAsampanna kaviyoM meM hI hotI hai| zreSTha kAvya kA kAraNa naisargikI athavA sahajA pratibhA durlabha hai| sabhI kavi naisargikIpratibhAsampanna nahIM hote / AbhyAsika kavi - isa janma ke atyadhika saMskAra se AhAryA pratibhA kI utpatti hotI hai / isa janma ke saMskAra nizcaya hI vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa rUpa haiN| kAvyajagat meM sAmAnya kavitva AhAryA 1. sA ca tridhA kArayitrI bhAvayitrI ca kaverUpakurvANA kArayitrI sA'pi trividhA sahajA''hAryopadezikI ca janmAntarasaMskArApekSiNI sahajA janmasaMskArayonirAhAryA mantratantrAdyupadezaprabhavA aupadezikI aihikena kiyatApi saMskAreNa prathamAM tAM sahajeti vyapadizanti / mahatA punraahaaryaa| aupadezikyAH punaraihika eva upadezakAlaH, aihika eva saMskArakAlaH / (caturtha adhyAya) kAvyamImAMsA (rAjazekhara) 2 ta ime trayo'pi kavayaH sArasvataH, AbhyAsikaH, aupadezikazca / janmAntarasaMskArapravRttasarasvatIko buddhimAnsArasvataH / iha janmAbhyAsodbhAsitabhAratIka AhAryabuddhirAbhyAsikaH upadezadarzitavAgvibhavo durbuddhiraupadezikaH / kAvyamImAMsA - (caturtha adhyAya)

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[72] pratibhA se utpanna ho sakatA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kA isa prakAra kA kavi 'AbhyAsika' kahalAtA hai, kyoMki kAvyanirmANa kI prabala icchA hone para vaha vyutpatti tathA atyadhika abhyAsa se hI sAmAnya kavitva prApta karane meM sakSama hotA hai| aupadezika kavi-buddhi ke abhAva meM kavi bananA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| mantra, tantrAdi se, upadeza varadAnAdi se buddhi tathA pratibhA kI utpatti hone para isa prakAra kA durbuddhi vyakti kavi bana sakatA hai| yaha aupadezika kavi aupadezika pratibhAsampanna hotA hai| buddhimatA, kAvya evaM kAvyAGga vidyAoM kA abhyAsa tathA daivI zakti ekatra durlabha haiM / ina tInoM ke ekatra hone para vyakti kavirAja athavA zreSTha kavi bana jAtA hai|| pratibhA ke isa prakAra ke bhedoM ko AcArya rAjazekhara ke atirikta anya AcAryoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya daNDI ne yadyapi kAvyahetuoM meM pramukha sthAna naisargikI pratibhA ko hI diyA hai| kintu vyutpatti evam abhyAsa dvArA kiJcit kAvyanirmANa kI sAmarthya kI prApti ko vaha svIkRti dete haiM / 2 ata: AhAryA pratibhAsampanna kaviyoM kI sthiti unheM mAnya hai| unakI pratibhAe~ prAktanI-pUrvajanma ke saMskAra se prApta tathA idAnIntanI-aihika saMskAra se prApta haiN| AcArya rudraTa kI sahajA aura utpAdyA zaktiyA~ (pratibhAe~) isI prakAra kI haiM 3 AcArya rAjazekhara ke pratibhAbheda ke samAna bheda paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke grantha meM bhI milate haiN| paNDitarAja ne pratibhA ke kAraNoM ke do varga prastuta kie haiM (ka) 1 "buddhimattvaM ca kAvyAGgavidyAsvabhyAsakarma ca kavezcopaniSacchaktistrayamekatra durlabham / / kAvyakAvyAGgavidyAsu kRtAbhyAsasya dhImataH mantrAnuSThAnaniSThasya nediSThA kviraajtaa||" kAvyamImAMsA - (caturtha adhyAya) 2. na vidyate yadyapi pUrvavAsanA guNAnubandhi prtibhaanmdbhutm| zrutena yatnena ca vAgupAsitA dhruvaM karotyeva kamapyanugraham // kAvyAdarza (daNDI) prathama pariccheda (104) 3 pratibhetyaparairuditA sahajotpAdyA ca sA dvidhA bhavati / puMsA saha jAtatvAdanayostu jyAyasI shjaa| 161 svasyAsau saMskAre paramaparaM mRgayate yato hetum utpAdyA tu kathaMcidvayutpattyA janyate parayA / 17 / (prathama adhyAya) (kAvyAlaGkAra-rudraTa)

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[73] adRSTa (kha) vyutpatti aura abhyAsa / adRSTotpatti ke vibhinna kAraNa hote haiM jaise devatA, mahApuruSAdi ke prasAda tathA vrdaan|| AcArya vAgbhaTa tathA hemacandra kI navIna ullekha kI sAmarthya vAlI prajJArUpI pratibhA kA jaba taka udaya nahIM hotA, yaha bIja rUpa meM nihita hotI hai / isa pratibhA para eka AvaraNa hotA hai, isa AvaraNa kA haTanA hI pratibhA kA udbodha hai / jahA~ para AvaraNa ke haTane kI prakriyA svayaM ghaTita hotI haiM, vahA~ sahajA pratibhA hotI hai, jahA~ AvaraNa ko dUra haTAne ke lie devatA Adi ke anugraha kI AvazyakatA ho vahA~ aupAdhikI pratibhA hotI hai| yaha aupAdhikI pratibhA AcArya rAjazekhara kI aupadezikI pratibhA se samAnatA rakhatI hai, mantra, tantra upadezAdi se utpanna honA hI donoM kA sAmya hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne zakti ko vyApaka tathA pratibhA ko sImita svarUpa meM prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA, kintu zakti tathA pratibhA kA bheda pUrNataH spaSTa karane meM unheM saphalatA nahIM milii| zakti tathA pratibhA kA bheda, zakti ko kartA tathA pratibhA ko usakA karma svIkAra karanA, zakti kA svarUpa spaSTa na honA tathA pratibhA kI utpatti ke lie vibhinna saMskAroM kI apekSA-AcArya rAjazekhara ke yaha vicAra paraspara kiJcit asaMgata se haiN| zakti yadi kAvyanirmANakSamatA kI bIja rUpa meM upasthiti hai to sahajA pratibhA ke pUrva to kAraNa rUpa meM zakti kA astitva svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu aupadezikI pratibhA ke pUrva to zakti kAraNa rUpa meM upasthita nahIM ho sktii| isa aupadezikI pratibhA ke sthala meM bhI kAvyakAraNIbhUtAyAH pratibhAyA: kAraNamAha-tasyAzca hetuH kazcit devatAmahApuruSaprasAdAdijanyamadRSTam, kvacicca vilkssnnvyutpttikaavykrnnaabhyaasau| prathamAnana rasagaGgAdhara (paNDitarAja jagannAtha) 2 (ka) pratibhA navanavollekhazAlinI prjnyaa| sA ca jJAnAvaraNIyAdikarmakSayopahetukA gaNadharAdInAmiva sahajA, devatA paritopauSadhAdihetukA kaaliidaasaadiinaamivaupaadhikii| (prathama adhyAya) kAvyAnuzAsana (vAgbhaTa) (kha) pratibhA navanavollekhazAlinI prajJA ------------sA ca sahajaupAdhikI ceti dvidhA sAvaraNakSayopazamamAtrAt sahajA 151 savituriva prakAzasvabhAvasyAtmano'bhrapaTalamiva jJAnAvaraNIyAdyAvaraNam, tasyoditasya kSaye'nuditasyopazame ca yaH prakAzAvirbhAvaH sA sahajA pratibhA mantrAderaupAdhikI / 6 / (prathama adhyAya) (kAvyAnuzAsana - hemacandra)

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[74] yadi zakti ho to ziSya pUrNata: durbuddhi nahIM ho sktaa| ata: AcArya rAjazekhara kA yaha vicAra 'jahA~ zakti ho vahIM pratibhA kA janma hotA hai'' asaMgata na pratIta ho isake lie svIkAra karanA hogA ki AhAryA tathA aupadezikI pratibhAoM ke sthala meM pratibhA kI utpatti se pUrva kAvyanirmANakSamatA ke bIja rUpa meM zakti kI utpatti hotI hai| isa prakAra pUrvajanma ke saMskAra se prApta zakti, aihika saMskAra se utpanna zakti tathA mantra-tantrAdi se utpanna zakti kA svarUpa kAvyanirmANakSamatA ke bIjarUpa meM upasthita hotA hai| tatpazcAt samAdhi evam abhyAsa se udbhAsita yaha zakti kavihRdaya meM zabdoM, arthoM, alaGkAroM, uktiyoM Adi kAvyopayogI sAmagriyoM ko pratibhAsita karane vAlI sAmarthya ko janma detI hai| yahI sAmarthya pratibhA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kI zakti aura pratibhA ke bheda kA spaSTIkaraNa isI prakAra saMbhava hai| samAdhi evam abhyAsa sabhI prakAra kI pratibhAoM kI utpatti meM sahAyaka sAdhana banate haiM, kyoMki bIja kI prasphuTita hokara pratibhArUpa meM pariNati inake dvArA hI hotI hai| zakti evam pratibhA ke bheda kI AcArya rAjazekhara kI mAnyatA kAvya ke cAra kAraNa siddha karatI hai-zakti, pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyaas| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara 'sA kevalaM kAvyahetuH' kahakara kAvyanirmANa meM kevala zakti kI hI anivAryatA kA spaSTIkaraNa dete haiN| vyutpatti : pratibhA ke abhAva meM kAvyasRjana asaMbhava hai, ataH pratibhA kAvyanirmANa kA pratyakSa strota hai, kintu vyutpatti aura abhyAsa bhI pratibhA ke vyApAra kA saMskAra tathA niyamana karane ke kAraNa kAvyanirmANa ke parama sahAyaka haiN| vyutpatti ke saMskAra ke binA kavi kI pratibhA pUrNataH prakAzita nahIM ho sktii| kavi ke jJAnakSetra ke vistAra kI sImA nizcita karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| adhika se adhika sAmAnya-jJAna prApta karanA kavi kA parama kartavya hai| saMsAra kA samasta jJAna kavi kI vyutpatti kI sImA meM AtA hai| kevala padaracanA karake hI kavi bananA saMbhava nahIM hai| pratyeka kSetra ke samAna kAvyakSetra meM bhI tapasyA jaisA kaThina parizrama anivArya hai, tathA zreSThakavi banane kI kasauTI bhii| kavi ke lie aneka 1. 'zaktasya pratibhAti zaktazca vyutpadyate' (caturtha adhyAya) (kAvyamImAMsA - rAjazekhara)

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[75] zAstroM, vyavahAroM, kalAoM tathA dezakAla Adi ke vyApaka jJAna kI apekSA hai, anyathA kAvyaracanA ke samaya vividha vyavadhAnoM kI upasthiti aparihArya ho jaaegii| kAvyazAstra meM kAvyahetu vyutpatti, 'bahujJatA' athavA 'ucita anucita kA viveka' ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai, kintu ucita anucita ke viveka kI utpatti bahujJa hone para hI saMbhava hai, alpajJAnI aise viveka meM sakSama nahIM ho sakatA / ataH vyutpatti ke donoM vaiziSTyoM meM paraspara pArthakya saMbhava nahIM hai / loka tathA zAstra ke anuzIlana se utpanna nipuNatA, svAdhyAya se vibhinna sAMsArika viSayoM tathA vibhinna zAstroM kA jJAna vyutpatti hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kAvyanirmANa meM pratibhA tathA vyutpatti ko samAna rUpa se upakAriNI mAnate haiN| jaise lAvaNya ke binA sundara rUpa nisteja hai, usI prakAra rUpa sampatti ke binA lAvaNya bhI tejarahita hai|1 AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAvyahetu vyutpatti ko paryApta vistAra prApta huA hai yahA~ vyutpatti kA svarUpa 'ucita anucita kA viveka hai' 12 kintu kavi ke jJAna kI paridhi ko atyadhika vistRta karake AcArya rAjazekhara kavi kI sarvajJatA ko bhI zreSThakavitva hetu paramAvazyaka svIkAra karate haiM / bANabhaTTa ke harSacarita meM sarasvatI ke garbha se utpanna putra kA ullekha hai, jise sarasvatI ne rahasya, sabhI vedoM, sabhI kalAoM sabhI vidyAoM kA svayaM hI jJAtA hone kA AzIrvAda diyA / rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM bhI sarasvatI kA putra hI kAvyapuruSa hai| isa kAvyapurUSa ko sabhI viSayoM kA jJAtA kahanA kavi ko bhI sarvajJAtA hone kI preraNA detA hai / 1. 'pratibhAvyutpatti mithaH samavete zreyasyau' iti yAyAvarIyaH / na khalu lAvaNyalAbhAdRte rUpasampadRte rUpasampado vA lAvaNyalabdhirmahate saundaryAya / 2 ucitAnucitaviveko vyutpattiH' iti yAyAvarIyaH / 3. kiM kavestasya kAvyena sarvavRtAntagAminI / kathaiva bhAratI yasya na vyApnoti jagattrayam / 101 atha daivayogAt sarasvatI babhAra grbhm| asUta cAnehasA sA sarvalakSaNAbhirAmaM tanayam / tasmai tu jAtamAtrAyaiva 'samyak sarahasyAH sarve vedAH sarvANi ca zAstrANi, sakalAzca kalA:, sarvAzca vidyA: matprasAdAt svayamevAvirbhaviSyantIti varamadAt (kAvyamImAMsA paJcama adhyAya) (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya) (prathama upavAsa) harSacarita (bANabhaTTa )

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[76] AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrvavartI AcArya bhAmaha, daNDI, vAmana ne kAvyahetu vyutpatti ko bahutA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya bhAmaha alpajJAnI ke lie kavitva ko durlabha vastu mAnate haiM, isIlie kavitva ko 'mitajJadurAsada' kahate haiN| vaha svIkAra karate haiM ki kavi ko dUsaroM ke nibandhoM kA jJAna prApta karake hI kAvyaracanA meM pravRtta honA caahie| kavi ke kandhoM para mahAn bhAra hai, kyoMki koI bhI aisA zabda, artha, nyAya, kalA nahIM hai, jo kAvya kA aGga na ho / 1 kavitva ke lie vyAkaraNa, chanda, abhidhAnakoSa, itihAsa, lokavyavahAra, yukti, kalA Adi kA jJAna Avazyaka hai 2 aneka zAstroM ke samyak parizIlana tathA lokadarzanAdi se AcArya daNDI ke anusAra vyutpatti utpanna hotI hai| | zruta se AcArya daNDI kA tAtparya prAktana kAvyaprabandhoM ke anuzIlana se hai| 3 AcArya vAmana loka, vidyA aura prakIrNa ko kAvyAGga mAnate haiN| 4 prakIrNa meM lakSyajJatva bhI antarnihita hai| anya kaviyoM ke kAvya kA paricaya hI lakSyajJatva hai, usase kAvyabandha kI vyutpatti hotI hai| 1 na sa zabdo na tadvAcyaM na sa nyAyo na sA kalA / jAyate yanna kAvyAGgamaho bhAro mahAn kaveH / 4 / evameva sarvo nyAya sarva zAstrArthaH sarvA ca kalA kAvyAGgaM bhavati / ata eva hi kavitvam mitjnyduraasdm| mahAn hi bhAra: kaveH 141 (paJcama pariccheda) kAvyAlaGkAra - (bhAmaha ) zabdachando'bhidhAnArthA itihAsAzrayAH kathAH loko yukti kalAzceti mantavyAH kAvyagaihayaMmI (9) zabdAbhidheye vijJaNa kRtvA tadvidupAsanam vilokyAnyanibandhAMzca kAryaH kAvyakriyAdaraH / 10 (prathama pariccheda) kAvyAlaGkAra (bhAmaha ) - 3 naisargikI pratibhAtaJca bahunirmalam amandazvAbhiyogo'syAH kAraNaM kAvyasampadaH / 103 | bahu anekaM chandovyAkaraNakoSakalA-caturvargagajaturagakhaGgAdilakSaNAtmakamityarthaH, nirmalam sadupadezena niHmandaMhatayAdhigatya samyak parizIlitamityarthaH zrutaM zAstraM ca bahunirmalazAstrAnuzIlanajanitA vyutpattirityarthaH, etadupalakSaNaM lokadarzanajanitApi vyutpattiH kAvyakAraNam / zrUyate iti zrutaM zravaNaM prAktanakAvyaprabandhAnuzIlanamityarthaH (prathama pariccheda) kAvyAdarza - (daNDI) 4. loko vidyA prakIrNaJca kAvyAGgAni (1-3-1) lakSyajJatvamabhiyogo vRddhasevA'vekSaNaM pratibhAnamavadhAnaJca prakIrNam (1311) tatra kAvyaparicayo lakSyajJatvam (1-3-12) anyeSAM kAvyeSu paricayo lakSyajJatvam / tato hi kAvyabandhasya vyutpattirbhavati / kAvyAlaGkAra sUtravRtti (vAmana)

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[77] kavi kI kalpanA dUragAmI hai| usakI vANI kA prasAra sabhI dizAoM meM hotA hai| kavi ke kAvya se laukika, alaukika koI bhI viSaya aspRSTa nahIM rhtaa| isI kAraNa kAvyamImAMsA meM bhI kavi ke vistRta jJAna kSetra kA vivecana hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne isI kAraNa kAvyaracanA ke pUrva sarvaprathama kavi ke lie kAvya kI vidyAoM, vyAkaraNa, abhidhAnakoza, chandazAstra aura alaGkArazAstra Adi kA tathA kAvya kI upavidyAoM tathA causaTha kalAoM kA jJAna Avazyaka mAnA hai| vyAkaraNa kI zabdazuddhi ke lie, abhidhAnakoSa kI vibhinna zabdoM ke paricaya heta. chanda zAstra kI vibhinna chandaprayogoM ke lie tathA alaGkArazAstra kI kAvya tathA kAvya se sambaddha rIti, rasa, alaGkAra, guNa, doSa Adi ke jJAna ke lie kavi ko AvazyakatA par3atI hai| yaha sabhI kAvyaracanA ke sAdhana haiN| potayantra ke binA samudra pAra karanA asambhava hai vyutpattizUnya kavi ke kAvya kA stara saMtoSaprada hI nahIM ho paataa| ataH 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kavi ke paricaya yogya kucha anya viSaya kAvyamAtAoM ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiN| ina kAvyamAtAoM meM se-dezavArtA, vidagdhavAda, lokayAtrA, purAtana kaviyoM ke nibandha, vidvatkathA evam bahuzrutatA kA sambandha kavi kI vyutpatti se hai 4 kAvyajananI ke rUpa meM inakI svIkRti hI kAvyanirmANa ke lie inake mahatva tathA AvazyakatA ko siddha karatI hai| vibhinna dezo ke vyavahAroM, vidvAnoM kI sUktiyoM, sAMsArika vyavahAroM tathA prAcIna kaviyoM ke nibandhoM kA jJAna kAvyanirmAtA ke lie paramAvazyaka hai| dezoM 1. prasarati kimapi kathaJcana nAbhyaste gocare vacaH ksy| idameva tatkavitvaM yadvAcaH srvtodikkaa| kAvyamImAMsA - (paJcama adhyAya) 2 gRhItavidyovidyaH kAvyakriyAyai prytet| nAmadhAtupArAyaNe, abhidhAnakozaH, chandovicitiH, alaGkAratantraM ca kaavyvidyaaH| kalAstu ctuHssssttiruupvidyaaH| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) gati vicintya vigaNyya guNAnvigAA zabdArthasArthamanusRtya ca suuktimudraaH| kAryo nibandhaviSaye viduSA prayatnaH ke pAtayantrarahitA jaladhau plavanta / kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) sujanopajIvyakavisannidhiH, dezavArtAH, vidagdhavAdo, lokayAtrA, vidvadgoSThayazca kAvyamAtara :, puraatnkvinibndhaashc| kiJcasvAsthyaM pratibhAbhyAso bhaktividvatkathA bhushruttaa| smRtidADharyamanirvedazca mAtaro'STau kvitvsy|| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya)

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[78] ke vyavahAra kA jJAna kavi ko deza viSayaka akSamya bhUloM se bacAtA hai| kavizikSA se sambaddha 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM isI kAraNa deza se sambaddha sampUrNa adhyAya 'dezavibhAga' hai| vidvAnoM kI sUktiyA~ vibhinna atirikta viSayoM kI jJAna prApti kA sAdhana banatI haiN| sAMsArika vyavahAroM ke jJAnAbhAva meM racita kAvya sAMsArika vyavahAra ke viparIta varNana ke kAraNa hAsyAspada ho jAtA hai| prAcIna kaviyoM ke nibandhoM kA adhyayana aparipakva kavi ko paripakva banAne ke sAtha hI use kAvyaprayoga sambandhI aise viSayoM kA jJAna bhI detA hai, jo mahAkaviyoM ke kAvyaprayoga meM hI prApta ho sakate haiM; anyatra nhiiN| kavisamayAdi aise hI viSaya haiM, jinheM kAvyamImAMsA meM paryApta vistAra prApta huA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrvavartI AcArya rudraTa vibhinna viSayoM ke viziSTa jJAna tathA ucita anucita ke viveka kI paraspara sambaddhatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| sarvajJatA hI vyutpatti hai-ucita anucita kI vivekazIlatA isake dvArA hI prApta hotI hai| dhvanikAvya ke adhiSThAtA AcArya Anandavardhana kavi ke lie aucitya kI mahattA pahale hI siddha kara cuke the| unakA vicAra hai ki mahAkaviyoM ke prabandhoM kA anuzIlana karake apanI pratibhA kA anusaraNa karate hue ekAgracita hokara vibhAvAdi se sambandha rasAdi ke anaucitya ke parityAga ke lie kavi ko prayatna karanA cAhie, kyoMki anaucitya ke atirikta rasabhaGga kA dUsarA kAraNa nahIM hai| prasiddha aucityabandha rasa kA parama rahasya hai ? vyutpati ko 'ucita anucita kA viveka' kahakara usakA aucitya se AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhI sambandha jor3A hai| bahajJa bana jAne para kavi rasocita zabdArtha sanniveza hetu ucita anucita ke viveka meM svayam ko samartha pAtA hai| kavi ko zabda aura artha ke sambandha kI paripakvatA kA sarvatra dhyAna rakhanA cAhie, kyoMki yaha zabdArtha sAhitya hI to zreSTha kAvya kI kasauTI hai| AcArya abhinavagupta bhI samastavastu paurvAparya ke 1 chandovyAkaraNakalAlokasthitipadapadArthavijJAnAt yuktAyuktaviveko vyutpattiriyaM samAsena / 18 / vistarastu kimanyattata iha vAcyaM na vAcakaM loke na bhavati yatkAvyAnaM sarvajJatvaM tato'nyaiSA / 191 (prathama adhyAya) kAvyAlaGkAra - (rudraTa) 2. anaucityAdRte nAnyad rasabhaGgasya kAraNam prasiddhaucityabandhastu rssyopnisstpraa| mahAkaviprabandhAMzca paryAlocayatA svapratibhA cAnusaratA kavinA'vahitacetasA bhUtvA vibhAvAdyaucityabhraMzaparityAge para: prayatno vidheyaH dhvanyAloka (tRtIya udyota)

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[79] kauzalA ko vyutpatti kA svarUpa mAnakara aucitya tathA vivekazIlatA ke nikaTa hI vyutpatti kA sthAna nizcita karate pratIta hote haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcArya kSemendra ne to aucitya ko hI rasasiddha kAvya kA jIvana maanaa|2 vibhinna kAvyazAstriyoM ne kaviyoM ko anaucitya se dUra rakhane tathA aucitya meM pravRtta karane ke lie hI doSaprakaraNa kA nibandhana kiyaa| agnipurANa meM aucitya alaGkAroM ke 6 bhedoM meM se eka hai 3 vastu ke anukUla rIti, vRti ke anukUla rasa, urjasvi aura mRdu ke saMdarbha se aucitya utpanna hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI hemacandra ne loka,zAstra tathA kAvya meM nipuNatA ko, vidyAdhara ne bahuzAstradarzitA ko vyutpatti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| aneka zAstroM meM paramparA se prApta asAdhAraNa pratipatti vAgbhaTa kI vyutpatti hai 4 kAvyArthoM ko kisI sImA meM Abaddha karanA sambhava nahIM hai kintu sabhI kAvyazAstrI kAvya meM sarasa artha ke nibandhana kA hI aucitya svIkAra karate haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara kAvya kI sarasatA nIrasatA kA sambandha kavi ke vacanoM se mAnate haiM, kAvyArthoM se nahIM 5 yadi kavi pratibhA saMpanna hai, ucita 1. 'samastavastu paurvAparyakauzalaM vyutpattiH abhinava bhAratI (abhinava gupta) 2 aucityasya camatkArakAriNazcArUcarvaNe rasajIvitabhUtasya vicAraM kurUte'dhunA / 3 / / alaGkArAstvalaGkArA: guNA eva guNAH sadA aucityaM rasasiddhasya sthiraM kAvyasya jIvitam / 5 / (aucityavicAracarcA (kSemendra) (prathama pariccheda) 3 zabdArthayoralaGkAro dvAvalaGkarute samam / 1 / prazasti: kAntiraucityaM saMkSepo yAvadarthatA abhivyaktiriti vyaktaM SaDbhedAstasya jAgrati / 2 / yathAvastu tathA rItiryathA vRttistathA rasa: urjasvimRdusaMdarbhAdaucityamupajAyate / / / (agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga) (navama adhyAya) 4 (ka) loka-zAstrakAvyeSu nipuNatA vyutpattiH / 8 / kAvyAnuzAsana (hemacandra) (prathama adhyAya) (kha) bahuzAstradarzitA vyutpttiH| sarvapathInAH khalu kavayo bhvnti| sarvapathInAH sarvavedinaH ityrthH| ekAvalI (vidyAdhara) (prathamonmeSa) (ga) zabdadharmArthakAmAdizAstreSvAmnAyapUrvikA pratipattirasAmAnyA vyutpattirabhidhIyate / / / vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (vAgbhaTa) prathama pariccheda 5 asti cAnubhUyamAno rasasyAnuguNo viguNazcArthaH, kAvye tu kavivacanAni rasayanti virasayanti ca nArthAH, (kAvyamImAMsA - navama adhyAya) astu vastuSu mA vA bhUtkAvivAci rasaH sthitaH (kAvyamImAMsA - navama adhyAya)

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[80] anucita ke viveka se yukta hai to vaha kisI bhI artha ko usake pUrNa sarasa svarUpa meM hI prastuta karatA hai| kAvyahetu vyutpati ke do kSetra haiN| (1) kAvyasaMghaTanA se sambaddha vyutpatti (2) kAvyArtha kI prApti se sambaddha vyutptti| kAvyamImAMsA meM kAvyArtha kI prApti se sambaddha vyutpatti kA bhI vistRta vivecana hai| jo kavi jitane adhika viSayoM kA jJAtA hogA usako utane hI adhika kAvyArtha prApta hoNge| isake atirikta kAvya meM zAstrIya arthoM kA bhI niveza hone ke kAraNa kAvya meM zAstra jJAna apekSita hai| vibhinna zAstroM tathA veda, purANa itihAsAdi ke paricaya kI kavi ke lie apekSA se sambaddha vivecana AcArya rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA ke arthotpattiviSayaka adhyAya meM milatA hai| ina vibhinna granthoM kA adhyayana kavi ko apane kAvya ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke artha pradAna karatA hai| isa prakAra kavi ko artha prApti usake jJAnakSetra ke vistAra se sambaddha hai, vibhinna prakAra ke arthoM kA jJAtA kavi artha kI dRSTi se daridra nahIM rhtaa|1 kavi ko kAvyArthaprApti ke strota zruti, smRti, itihAsa, purANa, pramANavidyA, samayavidyA, rAjasiddhAntatrayI, loka, viracanA tathA prakIrNaka sarvamAnya haiN| laukika artha ke do prakAra prAkRta (svAbhAvika) tathA vyutpanna (katipaya janajanna tathA sama staja najanya) haiN| kavimanISA se nirmita kathA athavA artha kI viracanA saMjJA hai| ina sarvamAnya kAvyArthastrotoM ke atirikta AcArya rAjazekhara ne cAra navIna kAvyArthastrota bhI prastuta kie haiM 1 idaM kavibhyaH kathitamarthotpatti parAyaNam iha pragalbhamAnasya na jaatvrthkdrthnaa| (kAvyamImAMsA-aSTama adhyAya) itthaGkAraM ghanairathaivyutpannamanasaH kave: durgame'pi bhavenmArge kuNThitA na sarasvatI (kAvyamImAMsA - navama adhyAya) 2 zrutiH, smRtiH, itihAsaH, purANam, pramANavidyA, samayavidyA, rAjasiddhAntatrayI, loko viracanA, prakIrNakaM ca kAvyArthAnAM dvAdaza yonayaH, iti AcAryA: ucitasaMyogena, yoktRsaMyogena, utpAdyasaMyogena, saMyogavikAreNa ca maha ................SoDaza, iti yaayaavriiyH| laukikastu dvidhA prAkRto vyutpannazca dvitIyo dvidhA samastajanajanyaH katipayajanajanyazca / tayoH prathamo'nekadhA dezAnA .............bhutvaat| kavimanISAnirmitaM kathAtantramarthamAtraM vA viracanA (kAvyamImAMsA-aSTama adhyAya)

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[81] (1) ucita saMyoga padArtho ke upamAnopameya bhAva sambandha ucita pratIta hone para / (2) yoktRsaMyoga eka se kramaza: dUsare artha kA saMyoga hote jAnA arthAt uttarottara sambandhakArI saMyoga / (3) utpAdyasaMyoga - upamAna umameya kA sambandha saMbhAvita hone para / (4) saMyoga vikAra - saMyoga se vikAra utpanna honA / / ina cAra navIna kAvyArtha strotoM para kavi pratibhA kA hI prabhAva dikhAI detA hai, pratibhAsampanna tathA vyutpanna kavi isa prakAra ke asaMkhya kAvyArtha prastuta kara sakatA hai, ataH ina cAra navIna bhedoM meM koI vizeSa maulikatA kA tatva nahIM dikhtaa| kAvyamImAMsA meM prastuta sabhI kAvyArthastrotoM ke sAta avAntara bheda - divya, divyamAnuSa, mAnuSa, pAtAlIya, martyapAtAlIya, divyapAtAlIya tathA divyamartyapAtAlIya haiN| kAvya ke pAtroM tathA vastuoM se sambaddha ina sAta arthoM kA svarUpa unake nAma se hI spaSTa hai| arthastrotoM ke ina avAntara bhedoM ke bhI bheda vibheda kAvyamImAMsA meM prastuta (1) zuddha 1. - divya Adi sabhI arthoM ke sarvaprathama do bheda haiM tatha ina do bhedoM ke punaH pA~ca bheda / 1 (1) muktaka (2) prabandha (2) citra (4) saMvidhAnakabhU (5) AkhyAnavAn (3) kathAttha (1) zuddha (2) citra (3) kathottha (4) saMvidhAnakabhU (5) AkhyAnavAn 'satridhA' iti drauhiNi divyo, divyamAnuSo, mAnuSazca 'saptadhA' iti yAyAvarIyaH pAtAlIyo, martyapAtAlIyo, divyapAtAlIyo, divyamartyapAtAlIyazca / divyamAnuSastu caturdhA divyasya martyAgamane matrtyasya ca svargagamana ityeko bheda divyasya martyabhAve, mattrtyasya va divyabhAva iti dvitIyaH / divyetivRttaparikalpanayA tRtIyaH / prabhAvAvirbhUta divyarUpatayA caturthaH / martyapAtAlIyaH ihApi pUrvavatsamastamizrabhedAnugamaH / sa punardvidhA / muktakaprabandhaviSayatvena / tAvapi pratyekaM paJcadhA / zuddha:, citra, kathotthaH, saMvidhAnakabhUH, AkhyAnakavAMzca / tatra muktetivRttaH zuddhaH sa eva saprapaJcazcitraH / vRttetivRtta: kathotthaH / sambhAvitetivRttaH sNvidhaankbhuuH| parikalpitetivRttaH aakhyaankvaan| (kAvyamImAMsA navama adhyAya)

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(82] (1) zuddha - vAstavika sthiti kA varNana / (2) citra - vistAra pUrvaka viSaya ke citra kA prstutiikrnn| (3) kathottha - kisI pUrvakathA kA digdrshn| (4) saMvidhAnakabhU - kisI eka ghaTanA se utpanna paristhati kA varNana / (5) AkhyAnavAn - kisI AkhyAna kA vrnnn| saGghaTanA ke niyAmaka aucityavarNana ke prasaGga meM divyamAnupa prakRtibhedoM meM varNana kA aucitya dhvanyAloka meM bhI varNita hai|1 ina sabhI bheda vibhedoM ke svarUpa ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvya ke vibhinna udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| ina sthaloM meM AcArya rAjazekhara kI bheda vibheda kI pravRtti hI parilakSita hotI hai| pratyeka viSaya meM apanI maulikatA prastuta karane ke prayatna kI bhAvanA hI isake parokSa meM sthita hai| udbhaTa Adi AcAryoM ne vicAritasustha (zAstroM meM varNita artha) tathA avicAritaramaNIya (kAvyoM meM varNita artha) do hI prakAra ke artha svIkAra kie haiM 2 kyoMki arthoM kI ni:sImatA ko bhulAnA tathA sImAbaddha karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| pazcAdvartI kavizikSAgrantha ke racayitA AcArya kSemendra ne bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ke samAna hI zikSArthI kavi ke lie bauddhika vikAsa kI AvazyakatA para bahuta adhika bala diyA hai / kSemendra dvArA zikSArthI kavi ke lie nirdiSTa sau zikSAoM ke antargata kavi ke paricaya tathA kAvyopayogI jJAna se sambaddha vibhinna zikSAe~ haiM, kintu ina sabhI ko AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA svIkRta kAvyamAtAoM-deza vyavahAra, sAMsArika vyavahAra, vidvAnoM kI sUktiyoM tathA prAcIna kaviyoM ke nibandhoM ke antargata hI samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina AcAryoM ke bAda AcArya vinayacandra ne bhI kavi kI paricaya vastuoM kA vivecana kiyA / etad yathoktamaucityameva tasyA niyAmakam sarvatra gadyabandhe'pi chandoniyamavarjite / 8 / ........ bhAvaucityaM tu prkRtaucityaat| prakRtirhi uttamamadhyamAbhAvena divyamAnuSAdibhAvena ca vibhedinii| ke valamAnuSAzrayeNa yotpAdyavastukathA kriyate tasyAM divyaucityaM na yojniiym| divyamAnuSyAyAntu kthaayaamubhyaucityyojnmviruddhmev| yathA paannddvaadikthaayaam| dhvanyAloka (tRtIya udyota) 2. so'yamitthaGkAramullikhyopajIvyamAno niHsImArthasArthaH smpdyte| astu nAma niHsImArthasArtha: kintu dvirUpa evAsI vicAritasustho'vicAritaramaNIyazca / tayoH pUrvamAzritAni zAstrANi taduttaraM kAvyAni // ityaudbhttaaH| (kAvyamImAMsA - navama adhyAya)

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[83] kavi zikSA evam abhyAsa-kAvyazAstrIya granthoM ke itihAsa meM bhAmaha, daNDI, vAmana, rUdraTa Anandavardhana Adi rAjazekhara se pUrva AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM kAvya ke svarUpa, kAvyaprayojana, kAvyahetu, guNa, doSa alaMkAra, rIti, vRtti, pravRtti, rasa, dhvani kAvyabheda tathA kAvya meM zabdoM, artho ke prayoga Adi viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| ina viSayoM ke prayoga ke vivecana ko kAvyazAstra kA saiddhAntika pakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu kAvyazAstra ke isa saiddhAntika pakSa ke sAtha-sAtha kAvyazAstra kA vyAvahArika pakSa 'kavi zikSA' bhI vibhinna kAvya zAstrIya granthoM meM AcAyoM ke vivecana kA viSaya bnaa| 'kavi zikSA' prArambhika kaviyoM ke anuzAsana tathA pathapradarzana se sambaddha viSaya hai| kAvya nirmANa ke icchuka janoM ke sammukha kAvya racanA zAstra ke prastutakartA sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara hI haiN| unhoMne kAvyazAstrIya jagat meM kavizikSA sampradAya ko janma diyaa| kAvya nirmANecchu ke lie zikSA kI AvazyakatA para to AcArya rAjazekhara ke pahale bhI dhyAna AkRSTa karAyA gayA thA kintu 'kavizikSA' kA maulika grantha to kAvyamImAMsA ko hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| kavizikSA sampradAya kA lakSya kaviyoM kA mArgadarzana karanA hI hai| aba taka kI sabhI vicAradhArAoM-rasa,rIti, dhvani evam alaGkAra se bhinna pUrNataH navIna vicAradhArA 'kavizikSA sampradAya' kA pravartaka grantha kAvyamImAMsA alaGkArazAstra viSayaka jJAna dene meM bahuta samartha bhale hI na ho, kintu kaviyoM ke lie mahAn upayogI hai| kAvyazAstra ke kisI bhI eka hI siddhAnta kA vivecana isa grantha kA lakSya nahIM thaa| AcArya rAjazekhara kA vicAra hai ki kAvya kriyA meM pravRtta hone ke pahale kavi ko vibhinna vidyAoM, upavidyAoM meM niSNAta honA caahie| ata: kavi banane ke icchuka vyakti ko zikSita karane ke lie racita 'kAvyamImAMsA' grantha kavi ke lie upakAraka samasta viSayoM kA vivecaka hai| isI kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara isa grantha ko kAvyavidyA ke praur3ha jJAna kA kAraNa kahate haiN| yaha vaha mImAMsA hai jisameM vANI ke aMza-zabda aura artha kA sUkSma vivecana hai| zabda aura artha ke sAhitya se hI zreSTha 1. iyaM naH kAvyamImAMsA kaavyvyutpttikaarnnm| iyaM sA kAvyamImAMsA mImAMsyo yatra vaaglvH|| kAvyamImAMsA-(prathama adhyAya)

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[84] kAvyanirmita hotA hai, ata: kAvyamImAMsA meM zabda aura artha kI tathA kAvyanirmANa kI paripakvatA taka pahu~cAne vAle zabdapAka evam arthapAka kI bhI gambhIra vistRta vivecanA kI gaI hai| kavizikSA kI tAtvika evam nUtana vivecanA hI isa grantha kI vilakSaNatA hai| ata: AcArya rAjazekhara 'kavizikSA sampradAya' ke janaka kahe jA sakate haiN| unhoMne isa viSaya ko itanA vyavasthita rUpa de diyA hai ki paravartI AcArya kavizikSA se sambaddha koI navIna udbhAvanA nahIM kara ske| 'kavizikSA' kA kAvyanirmANa meM vizeSa mahatva svIkAra karane vAle AcArya rAjazekhara 'pratibhA' ke parama pakSadhara haiM, kyoMki zikSA kA kArya kevala buddhi kA vikAsa tathA pariSkAra hai, buddhi utpanna kara denA nhiiN| prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne kAvya ke tIna anivArya hetuoM, pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa kA apane granthoM meM vivecana kiyA hai- yadyapi AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM ina kAvya hetuoM kA mAnadaNDa alaga-alaga rahA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvya kA ekamAtra hetu zakti ko mAnA hai-unake anusAra kAvyanirmANa kA Antara prayatna samAdhi tathA bAhya prayatna abhyAsa donoM kAvya ke ekamAtra kAraNa zakti ke udbhAsaka haiN|| kintu zakti ko kAvya kA ekamAtra hetu mAnakara bhI pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa kI kAvyanirmANa ke lie anivAryatA unhoMne svIkAra kI hai| kAvya ke ATha jIvanastrotoM (mAtAoM) meM unhoMne abhyAsa ko bhI sthAna diyA hai kavi kI kAvyaracanA meM adhika se adhika pravRtti tathA kavi kA kAvyaracanA kI dRSTi se adhika se adhika saMskAra donoM hI nirantara abhyAsa se sambhava haiN| pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa ko pRthaka-pRthak rUpa meM kAvyanirmANa ke lie Avazyaka mAnane vAle anya AcArya haiM-hemacandra, vAgbhaTa tathA paNDitarAja jgnnaath| ina AcAryoM ke anusAra kAvya kA ekamAtra kAraNa pratibhA hI hai-hemacandra, vAgbhaTa tathA paNDitarAja jgnnaath| ina AcAryoM ke anusAra kAvya kA ekamAtra kAraNa pratibhA hI hai-hemacandra ke anusAra vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa kAvya kI kAraNa rUpa pratibhA ke kevala 1. samAdhirAntaraH prayatno baahystvbhyaasH| tAvubhAvapi shktimudbhaasytH| 'sA kevalaM kAvye hetuH' iti yaayaavriiyH| kAvyamImAMsA-(caturtha adhyAya) 2. svAsthyaM pratibhAbhyAso bhaktirvidvatkathA bhushruttaa| smRtiDhiryamanirvedazca mAtaro'STau kvitvsy|| kAvyamImAMsA-(dazama adhyAya)

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[85] saMskAraka hI haiM1-svayaM ve kAvya nirmANa ke sAkSAta kAraNa nahIM haiN| hemacandra ne pratibhA ke abhAva meM vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa kI vyarthatA svIkAra kI hai| 'vAgbhaTAlaGkAra' ke racayitA vAgbhaTa kAvya kA ekamAtra kAraNa pratibhA ko hI mAnate haiM kintu unhoMne abhyAsa ko kAvya kI zIghra utpatti meM sahAyaka mAnA hai / 2 paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke anusAra kAvya kA ekamAtra kAraNa pratibhA hai 3 vyutpatti aura abhyAsa isa pratibhA ke hI kAraNa rUpa haiM-ve svayaM kAvya ke kAraNa nahIM haiN| kAvya kI kAraNatA ke viSaya meM isa vicAra se bhinna vicAra rakhane vAle AcArya haiM-daNDI, rUdraTa, mammaTa aura vidyaadhr| ina AcAryoM ne pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa ko sammilita rUpa se hI kAvya kA kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai-pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM nhiiN| yadyapi isa viSaya meM AcArya daNDI kA kucha asAmAnya vicAra hai| tInoM hetuoM kI sammilita kAraNatA svIkAra karake bhI AcArya daNDI yadA kadA pratibhA ke abhAva meM bhI vyutpatti aura abhyAsa kA mahattva svIkAra karate haiN| unakI dhAraNA hai ki kAvyaracanA kA nirantaraprayAsa kAvyanirmANa ke lie kavi ko kucha na kucha sAmarthya avazya pradAna karatA pratibhAsya hetuH / 4 / pratibhA navanavollekhazAlinI prjnyaa| asya kAvyasya idaM pradhAnaM kaarnnm| vyutpatyabhyAsau tu pratibhAyA eva saMskArakAviti vkssyte| (kAvyAnuzAsana- hemacandra) (prathama adhyAya) 2 pratibhA kAraNaM tasya vyutpattistu vibhUSaNam bhRzotpattikRdabhyAsa ityaadykvisngkthaa|| 3 // abhyAsastu punaH punastadAsevanalakSaNastasya kAvyasya bhRzamutpattiM karoti bhRshotpttikRdbhvti| abhyasane hi sataH sthairyAderyogAnnirvilambakAvyotpatteH vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (vAgbhaTa) (prathama pariccheda) 3 tasya ca kAraNaM kavigatA kevalA pratibhA sA ca kaavyghttnaanukuulshbdaarthopsthitiH| (pRSTha 25) rasagaGgAdhara (paNDitarAja jagannAtha)(prathamAnana) 4 naisargikI ca pratibhAzrutaJca bhunirmlm| amandazcAbhiyogo'syAH kAraNaM kAvyasampadaH (1/103) na vidyate yadyapi pUrvavAsanA guNAnubandhi pratibhAnamadbhutam zrutena yatnena ca vAgupAsitA dhruvaM karotyeva kamapyanugraham (1/104) tadastaMnTrairanizaM sarasvatI zramAdupAsyA khalu kIrtimIpsubhiH / kaze kavitve'pi janAH kRtazramA vidagdhagoSThISu vihartumIzate (1/105) kAvyAdarza (daNDI)

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[86] hai| isakA yahI tAtparya mAnA jA sakatA hai ki zreSTha kAvya bhale hI pratibhA ke abhAva meM na racA jA sake parantu kAvya to kevala vyutpatti aura abhyAsa kI sahAyatA se bhI nirmita ho sakatA hai- pUrNa kavitva bhale hI na prApta ho kintu viddhadgoSThI meM kAvya sunAne yogya kavitva kI kavi ko abhyAsa dvArA prApti daNDI ko mAnya hai| AcArya vAmana ke anusAra kAvya ke tIna aMga haiM loka, vidyA aura prakIrNa / abhiyoga, vRddhasevA tathA avekSaNa isI prakIrNa ke aMga haiM1-nirantara prayatna rUpa abhyAsa, kAvyajJa gurU kI sevA, tathA pada ko rakhane, haTAne kI buddhi rUpa avekSaNa Adi kA sambandha kavi ke kramika vikAsa tathA usake dvArA kie gae kAvyaracanA ke abhyAsa se hai| AcArya kSemendra ke anusAra prArambha se pUrNatA prApta karane taka zikSArthI ke pA~ca kramika vikAsa hote haiM-unhIM ke nAma para 'kavikaNThAbharaNa' ke pA~ca adhyAya haiM / unameM prathama hai akavi ko kvitvpraapti| jJAna aura abhyAsa ke dUsare vikAsa krama ko kSemendra ne zikSA kahA hai-isa avasthA meM kavi ko padya bandhana kI kSamatA prApta hotI hai| AcArya abhinavagupta ne sahRdayoM ke hRdaya meM bhI kAvyArtha sphuraNa ke lie kAvyAbhyAsa tathA pUrvajanma ke puNya se prApta pratibhA Adi hetuoM ko Avazyaka mAnA hai| AcArya vizvezvara ke anusAra zrama, niyoga, kleza tathA pratibhA kAvyasAmagriyA~ hai| kleza se kAvyaracanA ke udyoga rUpa abhyAsa se hI tAtparya hai| 1 loko vidyA prakIrNaJca kAvyAGgAni (1/3/1) lakSyajJatvamabhiyogo vRddhasevA'vekSaNam pratibhAnamavadhAnaJca prakIrNam (1/3/11) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) tatrAkave: kavitvAptiH zikSA prAptagira: kave: camatkRtizca zikSAptau guNadoSodgatistataH / 3 / pazcAt paricayaprAptirityete paJca saMdhayaH samuddiSTAH krameNaiSAM lkssylkssnnmucyte| 4 / (prathama saMdhi) kavikaNThAbharaNa (kSemendra) 3. kramollaMghane hi sati nATakAdiviracayatAm mahAntaH pramAdapabhraMzAH bhavanti / nahi sarvo vAlmIkirvyAsa: kAlidAso bhaTTendurAjI vA, teSAmapi prAgajanmArjita kramAbhyAsasamuditapATavotpAditaH ------jnyaanaatishyH| (2/293) abhinava bhAratI (abhinava gupta)

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[87] kAvyahetu abhyAsa ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM sabhI AcAryoM kA mataikya pratIta hotA hai| sabhI vipayoM ke kauzala pradAna karane vAlA nirantara prayatna abhyAsa hai| sabhI AcAryoM ne kAvyajJoM athavA kAvyavida garuoM ke sAmIpya meM unake upadeza evaM zikSA kI sahAyatA se kAvyanirmANa ke puna: puna: prayAsa ko abhyAsa nAma diyA hai| isa viSaya meM nirantaratA athavA asakRtarUpatva kA vizeSa mahatva hai kyoMki kisI kArya ko karane kA sakata nahIM balki asakRt (puna:-puna:) prayAsa hI abhyAsa kahalAtA abhyAsa ke lie garU kI sahAyatA kI. usakI zikSA kI sabhI AcAryoM ke anusAra AvazyakatA hai| kavi ke sabhI prakAra ke ziSya rUpoM ke lie rAjazekhara ne gurU kI sahAyatA kI apekSA svIkAra kI hai| gurU kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA kavi ko usake upadeza se kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa ke lie hI hai| rAjazekhara se pUrva AcAryoM ne bhI kAvyahetu abhyAsa kA tathA kAvyajJa ke upadeza athavA zikSA kA paraspara sambaddha rUpa meM hI ullekha kiyA hai kyoMki abhyAsa kAvyajJAtAoM ke nirdeza se hI sambhava hai aura kAvyajJAtAoM dvArA prApta kAvyanirmANa sambandhI nirdeza hI kavi zikSA ke viSaya haiN| isa prakAra kAvyazAstra ke vyAvahArika pakSa kavi zikSA kA kAvya hetu abhyAsa se mahattvapUrNa sambandha hai kyoMki sabhI AcAryoM ko kAvyahetu abhyAsa ko kriyAnvita karane ke lie kAvyajJa kI zikSA kI apekSA mAnya hai| kAvyajJa gurU kI sahAyatA evaM usakI zikSA ko kAvyanirmANa ke lie Avazyaka mAnane vAle AcAryo meM daNDI, vAmana, rUdraTa, rAjazekhara, hemacandra, vAgbhaT, mahimabhaT, mammaTa, vidyAdhara, paNDitarAja jagannAtha Adi kA nAmollekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAvyanirmANa ke lie kAvyajJAtA kI upAsanA ko AcArya bhAmaha ne Avazyaka mAnA hai| isakA tAtparya kAvyajJa kI zikSA evaM usake dvArA prApta nirdezoM se abhyAsa karane se hI hai| AcArya kSemendra ne apane grantha meM varNita kavi ke jJAna aura abhyAsa rUpa dvitIya vikAsakrama ko zikSA nAma diyA hai| abhyAsI kavi ke lie kAvyajJa gurU kI sahAyatA evaM usakA upadeza unhoMne bhI Avazyaka mAnA hai-zuSka vaiyAkaraNa yA nIrasa naiyAyika ko gurU banAnA 1 zabdAbhidheye vijJAya kRtvA tadvidapAsanam vilokyAnyanibandhAMzca kArya: kAvyakriyAdaraH (1/10)kAvyAlaGkAra (bhAmaha)

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[88] unhoMne ucita nahIM mAnA hai isakA tAtparya hai, ki unheM kavi ke lie kAvyavid gurU kI AvazyakatA mAnya hai|1 isa prakAra kAvyanirmANa meM abhyAsa kI anivAryatA svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI kavi ke lie zikSA kI AvazyakatA kA bhI nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vibhinna AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM isakA mahattva kama yA adhika bhale hI ho sakatA hai| pratibhA ke sAtha-sAtha hI kavi ko vyAkaraNa, zabdakoSa chandajJAna, alaGkAra, kAvyazAstra, sAhitya, kalA, vijJAna Adi kA tathA saMsAra meM manuSyoM evaM pazuoM ke vyavahAra, vRkSoM aura prAkRtika tatvoM kA jJAna honA caahie| deza, kAla, kaviprasiddhi tathA rasa, bhAvoM, se sambaddha nirdeza bhI kavi ko prApta honA caahie| ina saba viSayoM ke jJAna ko kavizikSA ke antargata hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta kavizikSA ke lie hI nirmita granthoM meM kavi ke lie batAe gae abhyAsa ke upAya tathA kAvyanirmANa sambandhI anya nirdeza kavi zikSA ke hI viSaya haiN| saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke prArambhika kAla se hI kAvyazAstrIya tathA nATyazAstrIya granthoM se kaviyoM ko kAvyanirmANa se sambaddha vibhinna nirdeza milate rahe / isalie sabhI AcArya kisI na kisI rUpa meM kavizikSA sambandhI vivecana se sambaddha rhe| bharatamuni kA nATyaprayogoM kA pUrNa jJAna dene vAlA nATyazAstra nATyoM kI racanA kI tathA usake abhinaya kI zikSA detA hai / 'nATyazAstra' meM nATyaracanA sambandhI vibhinna nirdeza nizcita rUpa se kavi ko die gae haiN| 'nATyazAstra' kI vyAkhyA karate hue abhinavagupta ne apanI TIkA meM eka sthAna para kahA bhI hai etacca kaveH zikSArtham ? kAvyazAstra ke saiddhAntika viSayoM (jo apratyakSa rUpa se kavi zikSA se sambaddha haiM) ke atirikta bhAmaha Adi AcAryo ke granthoM meM kavi kI zikSA se pratyakSa rupa se sambandha rakhane vAle nirdeza bhI prApta hote haiM jaise -zikSA prAptagiraH kaveH --------------131 karvIta sAhityavidaH sakAze zrutArjanaM kAvyasamudbhavAya na tArkikaM kevalazAbdikaM vA kuryAd gurUM sUktivikAsa vinm| kavikaNThAbharaNa (kSemendra) (prathama sandhi) 2 varSa pracArArthamAha haimavatA iti himavati bAhulyenaiSAM gatirityarthaH evaM sarvatra......... etacca kave: zikSArthama pRSTha - 203, (nATyazAstra trayodaza adhyAya kI) abhinavagupta kI TIkA

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[89] kAvyanirmANecchu ke lie vyAkaraNa jJAna kI AvazyakatA para bl| mAlAkAra ke samAna kavi kA buddhipUrvaka artha ko cunane kI zikSA dete hue diyA gayA artha prayoga sambandhI nirdeza kavi kI zikSA kA hI viSaya hai| AcArya daNDI kAvyaracanA karane heta kavi ke lie chandajJAna kI AvazyakatA para bala dete haiM tathA isa prakAra kavizikSA se sambaddha mAne jA sakate haiN| AcArya vAmana kA kAvyavidyA adhikArI nirUpaNa tathA prakIrNa bheda nissandeha kavizikSA ke hI viSaya haiM |kvi kI ziSyAvasthA evaM unake zAsanIyatva, azAsanIyatva kA ullekha karake kavizikSA ke mahatva ko AcArya vAmana ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| arthabhedoM jAti, dravya, kriyA, guNa Adi ke anurUpa hI varNana kA, kavi prasiddhi ke anukUla hI varNana kA nirdeza karane ke kAraNa rUdraTa kA grantha bhI kavizikSA se hI sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| AcArya Anandavardhana ke dhvanyAloka se bhI dhvani tathA rasa prayoga sambandhI nirdeza kaviyoM ko prApta hue, sukaviyoM ke mukhya vyApAraviSaya rasAdi haiM tathA ina kaviyoM ko rasAdi ke nibandhana meM hI pramAdarahita rahane kA nirdeza kaviyoM ko dhvanyAloka se hI prApta hotA hai| isake atirikta prAthamika abhyAsI kavi kI sthiti AcArya Anandavardhana ko bhI mAnya hai|4 isalie kavi kI ziSyAvasthA tathA isake jIvana ma zikSA kA mahatva apratyakSa rUpa se Anandavardhana dvArA bhI svIkRta mAnA jA sakatA hai| dhvanyAloka ko 1. mAlAkAro racayati yathA sAdhu vijJAya mAlAm yojyaM kAvyeSvahitadhiyA tadvadevAbhidhAnam (1/59) / kAvyAlaGkAra (bhAmaha) 2. arocakinaH satRNAbhyavahAriNazca kavayaH (1/2/1) pUrve ziSyAH vivekitvAt (1/2/2) netare tadviparyayAt (1/2/3) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) 3 artha punarabhidhAvAn pravartate yasya vAcakaH shbdH| tasya bhavanti dravyaM guNaH kriyA jAtiriti bhedAH / 1 / sarva: svaM svaM rUpaM dhatte'rthoM dozakAlaniyamaM ca taM ca na khalu banIyAniSkAraNamanyathAtirasAt / 7 / sukaviparamparayA ciramavigItatayAnyathA nibaddhaM yat vastu tadanyAdRzamapi banIyAttatprasiddhayaiva / 8 / kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa) (saptama adhyAya) 4 mukhyA: vyApAraviSayAH sukavInAM rasAdayaH teSAM nibandhane bhAvyaM taiH sadaivApramAdibhi: nIrasastu prabandho yaH so'pazabdo mahAn kaveH pRSTha - 295 (tRtIya udyota) (dhvanyAloka) tadevamidAnIntanakavikAvyanayopadeze kriyamANe prAthamikAnAmabhyAsArthinAM yadi paraM citreNa vyavahAraH prAsapariNatInAntu dhvanireva kAvyamiti sthitmett| pRSTha - 423 (dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota)

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[90] chor3akara bhAmahAdi ke granthoM meM pramukha rUpa se guNa, alaMkAra, doSa Adi ke vivecana kI paramparA rahI hai| guNa tathA alaMkAra kAvya ke upakAraka haiM to doSa apakAraka / doSoM kA vivecana karake inase sAvadhAna rahane kA nirdeza sabhI AcAryoM ne diyA hai-isa dRSTi se sabhI AcArya kavizikSA viSaya se sambaddha ho gae haiN| bhAmaha, daNDI, vAmana, rUdraTa, kuntaka, mahimabhaTTa, mammaTa Adi sabhI AcAryoM ne doSavivecana kiyA hai| daNDI kAvya meM alpadoSa kI bhI upekSA na karane kA nirdeza dete haiN| mahimabhaTTa kA doSavivecana nizcita rUpa se Aja ke tathA bhAvI kavimArga para jAne ke icchukoM ke anuzAsana ke lie hai| isa bAta ko unhoMne doSa varNana prasaMga ke anta meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra sabhI AcAryoM kA doSavivecana nissandeha kaviyoM ke nirdeza tathA zikSA ke lie hai| kavi ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM kAvyanirmANa ke sambandha meM nirdeza dene ke kAraNa kAvyazAstra ke sabhI AcAryoM ke granthoM meM kavizikSA kA viSaya avazya bhalakatA hai| kintu kavizikSA ke isa alparUpa meM paridRSTa viSaya ko navIna rUpa bAda meM rAjazekhara ke samaya se prApta huaa| rAjazekhara ke pramukha grantha 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM hI kavizikSA ko atirikta pUrNa viSaya kA vistAra prApta huaa| kavi ke jIvana meM zikSA ke mahatva ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa hI AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyavidyA gurUoM evaM kAvyavidyAsnAtaka ziSyoM kI kAlpanika pUrva paramparA kA ullekha kAvyamImAMsA ke prArambha meM hI kiyA hai| rAjazekhara ne kAvyazAstra ke pAramparika viSayoM se atirikta viSaya ko apane vivecana kA viSaya banAyA-kavi kaise banA jA sakatA hai, kavi banane ke prArambhika caraNa meM tathA kAvyaracanA karane se pUrva kavi ko kina kina viSayoM ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai-kavi banane ke sAdhana, zikSArthiyoM ke bheda, kaviyoM ke bheda, kavi kI AvazyakatAeM, kavi kI dinacaryA evam vyavahAra, kAvya hetuoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana, kAvyaracanA se pUrva dhyAna rakhane yogya bAteM, eka ziSya kA pUrNa kavi banane kA vikAsakrama, abhyAsa ke upAya, deza kAla evaM kavisamaya kA vivecana, kAvyanirmANa sambandhI anya vibhinna nirdeza Adi viSaya kAvyazAstrIya jagata ke lie adhikAMzata: 1 idamadyatanAnAM ca bhAvinAM cAnuzAsanam lezataH kRtamasmAbhiH kavivArurukSatAm / 126 / (dvitIya vimarza) vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTa)

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[91] navIna the, bAda meM yahI viSaya kavizikSA ke antargata vibhinna AcAryoM dvArA svIkRta hue| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi kI prArambhika avasthA ko usakA ziSyarUpa mAnA hai| ziSyarUpa se usake kavi rUpa meM parivartita hone vAle kramika vikAsa ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa hI unakA grantha kavi banane se sambaddha vibhinna nirdezoM tathA zikSAoM kA vivecaka hai| kavi kI ziSyAvasthA:- prArambhika kavi ke lie gurU kA sAmIpya tathA gurUkula kI AvazyakatA AcArya rAjazekhara ko vizeSa rUpa se mAnya hai| kAvyavida garU kI AvazyakatA kevala rAjazekhara ne hI nahIM kintu anya AcAryoM ne bhI prArambhika avasthA ke kavi ke lie samAna rUpa meM svIkAra kI hai, kyoMki kisI bhI navIna viSaya kA jJAna pratibhA hone para bhI prayatna tathA sahAyatA ke binA kaThina hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kavi banane ke icchukoM ke do prakAra svIkAra karate haiM 1. buddhimAn ziSya :- buddhimAn ziSya meM pUrvajanma ke saMskAra se prApta sahajA pratibhA hotI hai| aihika saMskAroM ke binA svayaM hI udbuddha sahajA pratibhA sampanna ina ziSyoM kA vaiziSTraya hai- zAstrajJAna meM svAbhAvika rUci tathA zravaNa, grahaNa, dhAraNa, manana, zaMkAsamAdhAna evam tatvajJAna kI nirapekSa sAmarthya 1 kintu gurU kI AvazyakatA ina ziSyoM ke lie bhI sarvamAnya hai| ina ziSyoM kI jijJAsu vRtti guru ke sahavAsa se yathArtha vastu ke grahaNa kI preraNA prApta karatI hai| isake atirikta zaMkAsamAdhAna tathA nizcita tatva kA jJAna bhI gurU ke sahavAsa tathA preraNA se hI sambhava hai| buddhimAn ziSya kI pratibhA apane vikAsa hetu, kAvya ke sUkSma se sUkSma jJeya viSayoM ko jAnane ke lie kAvyanirmANa meM pUrNata: pravRtta hone ke lie tathA kAvyaparipakvatA kI prApti ke lie kAvyavidyAvRddha gurUjana ke sahavAsa kI apekSA rakhatI hai| sahajA pratibhA sampanna hone para bhI ziSya kA kAvyanirmANa sambandhI anubhava tathA jJAna kAvyavidyA vRddha gurU ke anubhava tathA jJAna kI apekSA kama hI hogA yaha sarvamAnya hai- garU ke kAvya sambandhI jJAna 1 yasya nisargataH zAstramanudhAvati buddhiH sa buddhimAn buddhimAn zuzrUSate zRNoti gRhaNIte dhArayati vijAnAtyUhate'pohati tattvam caabhinivishte| (kAvyamImAMsA - caturtha adhyAya)

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[92] se lAbha uThAkara vaha kAvyanirmANa meM parivakvatA prApta kara sakatA hai| isIlie rAjazekhara ne use gurUkula meM rahane kA parAmarza diyA hai| kAvya kyA hai tathA kAvyanirmANa kaise sambhava hai Adi viSayoM kI zikSA evaM abhyAsa ke abhAva meM sahaja pratibhA sampanna ziSya kA bhI kAvyanirmANa meM samartha honA duSkara ho sakatA hai| apanI sahajA pratibhA tathA zAstrajJAna meM svAbhAvika rUpa se pravRtta buddhi ke kAraNa buddhimAn ziSya svAdhyAya se bhI kAvya nirmANa se sambaddha bahuta kucha jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai phira bhI usake lie kavizikSaka gurU ke sAmIpya tathA usake sAmIpya meM kAvyAbhyAsa kI AvazyakatA kA pUrNataH nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadyapi buddhimAn ziSya meM yaha vaiziSTya avazya hotA hai ki gurU kA kevala saMketa hI use kAvyavidyA ke jJAna meM tathA paripakva kAvya kI racanA meM samartha banA detA hai| gurU ke sAmIpya meM alpa abhyAsa use sukavi banAne ke lie paryApta hai| 2. AhAryabuddhi ziSya : dvitIya prakAra ke ziSya ke (AhrAryabuddhi) nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra hai usakI AhAryA prtibhaa| isa pratibhA kI utpatti aihika saMskAroM se hotI hai| aihika saMskAra ke antargata zAstroM ke abhyAsa tathA jJAna ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, jinake dvArA janma ke pazcAt AhAryabuddhi ziSya kI pratibhA utpanna evaM vikasita hotI hai| aise ziSya ke lie AcArya rAjazekhara ne gurUkula meM praveza tathA guru ke nirantara sAmIpya tathA sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA buddhimAn ziSya kI apekSA adhika mAtrA meM svIkAra kI hai| zAstrAbhyAsa se pratibhA ke utpanna ho jAne ke pazcAt usameM bhI zravaNecchA, zravaNa, grahaNa, dhAraNa, manana, zaMkA samAdhAna Adi guNa utpanna hote haiM kintu unake kriyAnvita hone meM vilamba adhika lagatA hai| gurU kA sakRt saGketa usake lie tatvajJAna tathA sandehoM ke nirAkaraNa hetu paryApta nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa hai usameM sahaja svAbhAvika pratibhA kA abhaav| usako zAstroM ke abhyAsa se utpanna apanI AhAryA pratibhAke AdhAra para kAvyanirmANa sambandhI zikSAe~ prApta karane ke lie gurU ke nirantara sAmIpya tathA usake asakRt saGketa evaM pathapradarzana kI apekSA hotI hai| 1 yasya ca zAstrAbhyAsaH saMskurute buddhimsaavaahaarybuddhiH| AhAryabuddherapyeta eva guNAH kintu prshaastaarmpekssnte| (kAvyamImAMsA - caturtha adhyAya)

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[93] isa prakAra buddhimAn tathA AhAryabuddhi donoM prakAra ke ziSyoM ko kAvyasambandhI vibhinna viSayoM kA jJAna prApta karake kavi banane ke lie gurU ke sAmIpya kI tathA kAvya nirmANa ke abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| kintu jahA~ sahajA pratibhA ke kAraNa buddhimAn ziSya ko sukavi banane ke lie guru ke sakRt saGketa tathA alpa abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai vahA~ AhArya buddhi ziSya kI AhAryA pratibhA use gurU ke nirantara sAmIpya, nirantara pathapradarzana tathA guru ke samIpa hI nirantara kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa ke pazcAt kavi banA sakane meM samartha hotI hai| donoM ziSyoM kI pratibhA bhinnatA hI isa bheda kA kAraNa hai| durbuddhi :- buddhimAn tathA AhAryabuddhi ke atirikta kucha ziSya pUrNataH mUr3ha hote haiM jinheM AcArya rAjazekhara durbuddhi kahate haiM- / isa prakAra ke ziSya meM na to sahajA pratibhA hotI hai aura na hI vaha zAstroM ke abhyAsa se AhAryA pratibhA kI prApti meM samartha hotA hai| pUrvajanma ke saMskAra se prApta sahajA pratibhA tathA aihika saMskAroM se svaprayatna dvArA prApta AhAryA pratibhA donoM hI ke abhAva meM gurU dvArA dI gaI kAvyanirmANa sambandhI zikSAe~ bhI usake lie vyartha hotI haiM- isa kAraNa usakA kavi bana sakanA prAyaH asambhava sA hI hai| usakA kavitva kevala eka hI sthiti meM sambhava hai-jaba mantroM ke anuSThAna se daivI zakti dvArA kavitvakSamatA rUpa pratibhA prApta ho jAe? pratibhA kI sthiti hone para bhI prauDha evaM zreSTha kAvya kI racanA hetu vibhinna zikSAoM evaM kramika abhyAsa kI bhI anivAryatA hai| kavi kI ziSyAvasthA se pUrNa kavi banane taka ke vikAsakrama aharahaH sugurUpAsanA tayoH prakRSTo guNaH / sA hi buddhivikaashkaamdhenuH| tadAhu: "prathayati puraH prajJAjyotiryathArtha parigrahe tadanu janayatyuhApoha kriyAvizadaM mnH| abhinivizate tasmAttatvaM tadekamukhodayam / saha paricayo vidyAvRddhaiH krmaadmRtaayte||' tatra buddhimataH prtipttiH| sa khalu sakRdabhidhAnapratipannArthaH kavimArga mRgayituM guruukulmupaasiit| AhAryabuddhastu dvayamapratipattiH sandehazca / sa khalvapratipannamartham pratipattuM sandehaM ca niraakrtumaacaaryaanuptisstthet| (kAvyamImAMsA - caturtha adhyAya) 2 darvaddhastu sarvatra mativiparyAsa ev| sa hi nIlImecakitasicayakalpo'nAdheyaguNAntaratvAttaM yadi sArasvato'nubhAva: prasAdayati (kAvyamImAMsA-caturtha adhyAya)

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[94] ko tathA isa vikAsakrama ke madhya zikSA evaM abhyAsa ke mahatva ko adhikatara AdhAyoM ne isI kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai| bharatamuni ke 'nATyazAstra' meM ziSya ke nimna guNa svIkAra kie gae haiM:uhApoha, smRti, mati, medhA, zlAghA, rAga, saMgharSa aura utsaah| 1 kAvyavidyA ke ziSya meM bhI ina guNoM kA honA nizcaya hI Avazyaka hai| ina guNoM meM se saMgharSa tathA utsAha ko abhyAsa se hI sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke bahuta pUrva AcArya vAmana ne do prakAra ke kavibhedoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai 2 zAsanIyatva, azAsanIyatva ke ullekha ke kAraNa tathA kAvyavidyA ke adhikArI nirUpaNa ke antargata vivecana ke kAraNa ina kavibhedoM ko ziSyabhedoM ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| arocakI tathA satRRNAbhyavahArI kAvyavidyA ke kAvyanirmANecchu ziSya haiM kintu apane viveka ke kAraNa kevala arocakI ziSyoM kA hI kavi bananA sambhava hai| satRRNAbhyavahArI ziSyoM kA aviveka unheM kAvyavidyA kA adhikArI nahIM banane detaa| unake avivecanazIla svabhAva ke lie zikSAe~ evaM nirdeza arthavat nahIM hote / kavi ke inhIM bhedoM ko AcArya vinayacandra ne apane 'kAvyazikSA' nAmaka grantha meM ziSya bhedoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ziSyarUpa ina kaviyoM ke viveka kA kavitvabIja pratibhA kI sthiti se tathA aviveka kA kavitvabIja pratibhA ke abhAva se sambandha mAnakara yaha svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki zikSA evaM nirdeza unhIM ke lie lAbhakArI hai jo svayaM kavitvapratibhA sampanna hoM anyathA zikSAe~ evaM nirdeza pratibhA ke abhAva meM vyartha haiM- prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ko yahI mAnya bhI hai kyoMki sabhI ne zikSA evaM abhyAsa ke mahatva ko pratibhA kA astitva hone para hI svIkAra kiyA hai| kevala ziSyasya guNAH uhApoho matizcaiva smRtirmedhA tathaiva ca / 36 / meghAsmRtirguNazlAghArAgaH saMgharSa eva ca / utsAhazca paDevaitAn ziSyasyApi guNAn viduH / nATyazAstra (SaDaviMzo'dhyAyaH) (peja - 300 ) 2 arocakinaH satRRNAbhyavahAriNazca kavaya: ( 1/2/1 ) ias pyarocakinaH ke'pi satRRNAbhyavahAriNaH, teSu pUrve vivekitvAdenAmarhanti naapre| 30 / 1 3 kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) zikSA pariccheda pRSTha 3 (kAvyazikSA vinayacandrasUri ) -

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[95] AcArya daNDI pratibhA ke abhAva meM bhI vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa ke mahatva ko kucha sImA taka svIkAra karate haiM, kyoMki vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa se pratibhA ke abhAva me bhI kiJcit kAvya sAmarthya kI prApti unheM mAnya hai| 1 isake atirikta rAjazekhara dvArA svIkRta durbuddhi ziSya tathA kSemendra ke grantha meM vivecita aziSya to pratibhA ke abhAva meM daivI preraNA se hI kavi bana jAte haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara se pUrva ziSya bhedoM kA vivecana AcArya vAmana ke atirikta anya kisI AcArya ne nahIM kiyA hai kintu zikSA ziSya ko hI dI jAtI hai ataH 'kAvyakSa kI zikSA dvArA abhyAsa' ko kAvyahetu mAnakara sabhI AcAryoM ne apratyakSa rUpa se kavi kI ziSyAvasthA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kAvyajJa kI upAsanA evaM zikSA ko bhAmaha, daNDI, vAmana, rUdraTa, hemacandra, vAgbhaT, mahimabhaTTa mammaTa Adi sabhI AcAryoM ne kavi ke lie anivArya mAnA hai - isa viSaya kA pUrvollekha ho cukA hai| kAvyamArga meM prArambhika abhyAsI kaviyoM kI sthiti ko 'dhvanyAloka' ke racayitA AcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai yadyapi unhoMne kavi tathA sahRdaya kI paripakvatA ko kAvya ke zreSTha rUpa dhvani kAvya se hI sambaddha mAnA hai| Anandavardhana kI dhAraNA hai ki rasAbhAvAdi viSaya kI vivakSA na hone para jo alaGkAra nibandhana hotA hai vaha citrakAvya kA viSaya hai rasAdi vivakSA se jahA~ bhI tAtparya ho vahA~ sarvatra dhvani kAvya hotA hai| prArambhika abhyAsI kavi hI rasAdi tAtparya kI apekSA kie binA citrakAvya kI racanA karate haiM kintu paripakva kaviyoM kA kevala dhvani kAvya hI hotA hai 2 AcArya rAjazekhara ke grantha 'kAvyamImAMsA' se prArambha zikSAgranthoM kA racanA krama AcArya rAjazekhara ke pazcAt bar3hatA hI gayA rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcArya kSemendra ne kavizikSA se hI sambaddha apane 'kavikaNThAbharaNa' nAmaka grantha meM ziSya kI avasthA se kavi banane taka kA vikAsakrama svIkAra kiyA hai| isa vikAsakrama ke antargata vibhinna sthitiyoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue AcArya kSemendra ne apane grantha ko usI krama se pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| yaha pA~ca vibhAga prArambhika kavi ke 1. na vidyate yadyapi pUrvavAsanA guNAnubandhi pratibhAnamadbhutam zrutena yatnena ca vAgupAsitA dhruvaM karotyeva kamapyanugraham (1/104) kAvyAdarza (daNDI) 2 tadevamidAnIntanakavikAvyanayopadeze kriyamANe prAthamikAnAmadhyAsArthinAm yadi paraM citreNa vyavahAra: prAptapariNatInAntu dhvanireva kAvyamiti sthitametat dhvanyAloka (tRtIya udyota) (peja-423)

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[96] kAvyanirmANa sambandhI kramika zikSA se sambaddha haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ke samAna AcArya kSemendra ne bhI tIna prakAra ke ziSya bheda svIkAra kie haiM- kevala unake nAmoM meM bhinnatA hai| AcArya kSemendra ne kavitvaprApti ke divya tathA mAnuSa do prakAra ke upAya batalAe haiN|1 mAnuSa prayatna zikSArthI kI yogyatA ke anusAra bhinna hote haiM- AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavitvaprApti ke prayatnoM kA pratibhA kI bhinnatA se bhinna-bhinna rupa svIkAra kiyA hai| apanI yogyatA ke AdhAra para kavitvaprAti ke bhinna prayatnoM se sambaddha zikSArthI kSemendra ke anusAra tIna haiM: ka. alpaprayatnasAdhya, kha. kaSTasAdhya tathA ga. duHsAdhya ? inheM hI kramazaH suziSya, duHziSya tathA aziSya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| AcArya kSemendra dvArA vivecita ina ziSyoM kA AcArya rAjazekhara ke kramazaH buddhimAn, AhAryabuddhi evaM durbuddhi ziSyoM se sAmya dRSTigata hotA hai- kyoMki kSemendra ke alpaprayatna sAdhya suziSya ke lie bhI rAjazekhara ke buddhimAn ziSya ke samAna sAhitya ke jJAtAoM kI satsaMgati meM alpa abhyAsa hI sukavi banane ke lie paryApta hai| duHziSya ko AhAryabuddhi ziSya ke samAna kAvyasambandhI vividha jJAna tathA kAvyanirmANa kI preraNA ke lie mahAkavi ke sAhAyya kI tathA usake sAmIpya meM adhika abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hai| kAvyanirmANa sambandhI zikSAe~ kevala ina suziSyoM tathA duHziSyoM ke lie hI lAbhakara haiM / kSemendra dvArA vivecita tRtIya prakAra kA 'aziSya' rAjazekhara ke durbuddhi ziSya ke samAna pUrNataH mUr3ha hai-zikSA evam abhyAsa usake lie vyartha haiN| kSemendra kA kavitvaprApti kA divya upAya aise hI ziSyoM ke lie sArthaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| AcArya kSemendra kI dhAraNA hai ki zikSA evaM abhyAsa ziSya meM kavitvavRtti kA udaya bhI karA sakate haiM kintu jinameM svayaM hI kavitvavRtti vidyamAna ho (jaise duHziSya meM), zikSA evaM abhyAsa dvArA unake kAvyanirmANa se sambaddha vibhinna doSoM kA samApta honA sambhava hai| 1. athedAnImakaveH kavitvazaktirupadizyate prathamaM tAvad divyaH prayatnaH tataH paurUSa : (prathama saMdhi) kavikaNThAbharaNa (kSemendra) 2 tatra trayaH ziSyAH kAvyakriyAyAmupadezyAH alpaprayatnasAdhyaH, kRcchrasAdhyaH asaadhyshceti| (prathama sandhi) kavikaNThAbharaNa (kSemendra)

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[97] kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita vibhinna ziSyoM kA kavi svarUpa : AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAvya tathA kAvyAGga vidyAoM ke vibhinna ziSyoM ke kavisvarUpa kA bhinna-bhinna nAmakaraNa kiyA hai| - sArasvata kavi: sahaja svAbhAvika pratibhA sampanna buddhimAn ziSya gurU ke alpa saMketa mAtra se kAvya, kAvyAGga vidyAoM meM niSNAta hokara kAvyanirmANa kI pUrNa sAmarthya prApta karatA hai yaha kavi kisI bhI viSaya para svatantra rUpa se kAvyaracanA karane meM pUrNataH samartha hotA hai / 1 kintu sahaja pratibhA sampanna hone para bhI pUrNa racanA svAtantrya hetu use vibhinna kAvyasambandhI, lokasambandhI tathA zAstra sambandhI viSayoM meM vyutpanna hone kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| AbhyAsika kaviH janma ke pazcAt zAstroM Adi ke adhyayana rUpa saMskAra se prApta AhAryA pratibhA se sampanna AhAryabuddhi ziSya kA kavisvarUpa ' AbhyAsika' nAma se abhihita hai AhAryabuddhi ziSya ke abhyAsI svarUpa ke kAraNa hI usakA kavirUpa 'AbhyAsika' kahalAyA kyoMki usake jIvana meM pratibhAMtpatti se lekara kavi banane taka nirantara abhyAsa kA hI sthAna hai| nirantara gurU ke pathapradarzana meM kAvyaracanA kA abhyAsa hI use kavi banA pAtA hai| abhyAsa dvArA jitanI kAvyakSamatA prApta ho, usI ke anurUpa usakA kAvyanirmANa zreyaskara hai| ataH abhyAsa dvArA prApta apanI sAmarthyasImA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue vaha sImita rUpa meM sImita viSayoM para hI kAvyaracanA kara sakatA hai| aupadezika kavi: tRtIya prakAra ke durbuddhi ziSya kA kavi rUpa mantrAdi ke anuSThAna evaM upadeza Adi ke kAraNa sarasvatI kI kRpA se kavitva prApti ke kAraNa 'aupadezika' kahalAyA 3 vaha svatantra rUpa se athavA sImita rUpa se kAvyaracanA nahIM kara sakatA - kintu jisa viSaya para kAvyaracanA kI use devI preraNA mile usake lie usI viSaya para kAvyaracanA karanA sambhava hai| devI preraNA ke abhAva meM vaha kisI bhI viSaya para kAvyaracanA karane meM asamartha hai| 1 1 2 - (kAvyamImAMsA caturtha adhyAya) janmAntarasaMskArapravRttasarasvatIko buddhimAnsArasvataH sArasvataH svatantraH syAd iha janmAbhyAsodbhAsitabhAratIka AhAryabuddhirAbhyAsikaH / ...... bhavedAbhyAsiko mitaH / (kAvyamImAMsA caturtha adhyAya) 3 upadezitadarzitavAgvibhavo durbuddhiraupadezikaH / aupadezikakavistvatra valgu phalgu ca jalpati / (kAvyamImAMsA caturtha adhyAya)

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[98] kavirAjatva :- AcArya zyAmadeva durbuddhi kI apekSA AbhyAsika ko tathA AbhyAsika kI apekSA buddhimAn ko zreSTha mAnate haiM kintu AcArya rAjazekhara ke anusAra zreSThakavitva kI kasauTI hai utkarSa / / jisa kavi meM jitanA adhika utkarSa ho vaha utanA hI zreSTha hai| zreSThakavitva (AcArya rAjazekhara ke zabdoM meM kavirAjatva) usI ko prApta hotA hai- jisameM sArasvata kavi kA vaiziSTya sahaja pratibhA sampanna buddhimatA, AbhyAsika kavi kA vaiziSTaya kAvya tathA kAvyAGga vidyAoM meM nirantara abhyAsa se prApta kSamatA tathA aupadezika kavi kA vaiziSTya mantrAnuSThAna evaM daivI kRpA se prApta kavitva kSamatA sabhI guNa samAna rUpa se vidyamAn hoN| kintu ina tInoM guNoM kA ekatra honA sAmAnyata: kaThina hone ke kAraNa kaviyoM kA kavirAja kI zreNI taka pahu~canA bhI kaThina hI hai| sArasvata kavi AbhyAsika kavi ke nirantara abhyAsa se prApta kavitva kSamatA rUpa vaiziSTaya ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai parantu mantrAnuSThAna se daivI kRpA kI prApti to kisI virala ko hI hotI hai aura buddhimAn ko isakI prApti ho hI jAnA anivArya nahIM hai| AbhyAsika kavi sArasvata kavi ke vaiziSTya sahaja pratibhA sampannatA ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA tathA mantrAnuSThAna se prApta daivIkRpA usake lie bhI sahaja sulabha nahIM hai| isI prakAra daivI preraNA prApta aupadezika kavi meM sahaja svAbhAvika buddhimatA tathA abhyAsa se prApta kSamatA donoM kA prApta honA kaThina hai| ataH kavizreSThatA kI kasauTI kavirAjatva prAyaH durlabha hai parantu jise saubhAgya se tInoM prakAra kI kSamatAeM prApta hoM vaha kavizreSTha hai, jisakI AcArya rAjazekhara ke anusAra kavirAja saMjJA hai| ziSya kA kavi banane taka kA vikAsakrama :- kavi kI avasthAe~ :- AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi kI dasa avasthAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| ina avasthAoM ko ziSya se kavi banane taka ke vikAsakrama ke antargata vibhinna sthitiyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama sAta avasthAe~ buddhimAn tathA AhAryabuddhi se tathA tIna aupadezika kavi se sambaddha mAnI gayI hai| yaha avasthAe~ kavi ke gurUkula meM praveza karane, kAvyaracanA kA abhyAsa karane tathA kramaza: pUrNa kavi bana jAne se sambaddha haiN| prathama sAta avasthAoM meM se prArambhika pA~ca avasthAe~ ziSya kI haiM tathA antima do kavi kii| 1. 'utkarSa: zreyAn' iti yaayaavriiyH| sa cAnekaguNasannipAte bhvti| (kAvyamImAMsA-caturtha adhyAya) 2 buddhimattvaM ca kAvyAGgavidyAsvabhyAsakarma c| kavezcopaniSacchaktistrayamekatra durlbhm|| kAvyakAvyAnavidyAsu kRtAbhyAsasya dhiimtH| mantrAnuSThAnaniSThasya nediSThA kavirAjatA / / (kAvyamImAMsA-caturtha adhyAya)

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[99] kAvyavidyAsnAtakaH- kAnirmANa sambandhI zikSA ke lie gurU ke sAmIpya tathA gurukula praveza ko mahatva dene ke kAraNa hI AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM kavi kI prathama prArambhika avasthA hai kaavyvidyaasnaatk| kAvya kI vidyAoM, upavidyAoM kA grahaNa karane ke lie tathA gurU se kAvya nirmANa sambandhI zikSAe~ grahaNa karate hue kAvyaracanA kA abhyAsa karane ke lie jaba ziSya kA gurUkula meM praveza hotA hai usa avasthA meM use kAvyavidyAsnAtaka kahate haiM / AcArya rAjazekhara ke vivecana se usa samaya kAvyanirmANa kI zikSA ke lie gurukuloM ke astitva kI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| hRdayakavi-dvitIya avasthA meM ziSya rUpa kavi jo kAvyaracanA karatA hai usakA prakaTIkaraNa na karake use hRdaya meM hI nigUhita rakhatA hai / yaha hRdayanigUhana kavi kI aparipakvAvasthA kA hI sUcaka mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki pUrNa paripakva kavi ke lie hRdaya meM kavitA karane kI tathA hRdaya meM hI chipAkara rakhane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai-vaha to apane kAvya ko nizcinta hokara prakaTa karatA hai| aparipakva kavi doSabhaya se hI apane kAvya ko hRdaya meM chipAne ke lie bAdhya hotA hogaa| hRdayakavi kI avasthA nizcaya hI usa samaya nahIM raha jAtI hogI jaba kavi ko apane kAvya ke doSarahita hone kA vizvAsa ho jaae| anyApadezI :- kavi kI yaha tRtIya avasthA hRdayakavi kI avasthA ke samAna hI hai-isameM kavi racanA ko prakaTa avazya karatA hai| kintu apanI racanA batAkara nahIM balki kisI dUsare kI racanA batAkara 3 sambhavataH yahA~ bhI apanI racanA sAmarthya para avizvAsa tathA doSabhaya hI kAraNa hai kyoMki dUsare kI racanArUpa meM prakaTa kie gae kAvya meM doSa nikalane para kavi ke svayaM ke apamAna kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| 1 yaH kavitvakAmaH kAvyavidyopavidyAgrahaNAya gurUkulAnyupAsate sa vidyaasnaatkH| (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya) (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya) 2 yo hRdaya eva kavate ca sa hRdayakavi: 3 yaH svamapi kAvyaM doSabhayAdanyasyetyapadizya paThati so'nyaapdeshii| (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya)

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hRdayakavi aura anyApadezI yaha donoM avasthAe~ kavi dvArA kAvyaracanA ke lie kie gaye kevala prArambhika prayAsa hI haiM- ina donoM avasthAoM meM kavi meM kAvyaracanA kI kSamatA na hone ke hI barAbara hai| yadyapi hRdaya kavi meM AtmavizvAsa nAmamAtra bhI nahIM hai| kintu anyApadezI meM vizvAsa aGkurita hone lagatA hai| [100] sevitA:- kAvyavidyAoM ke jJAna tathA abhyAsa Adi ke dvArA kAvyaracanA meM kiJcit samartha honA kavi kI 'sevitA' avasthA meM sambhava hai| isa avasthA meM kAvyaracanA kI kSamatA alpAMza meM prApta prApta kara lene para bhI kavi Atmanirbhara hokara kAvyaracanA nahIM kara sakatA balki kisI purAtana kavi kI chAyA para hI kAvyanirmANa karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM isa avasthA meM kavi kAvya kI zabdaracanA prApta sAmarthya kara letA hai parantu bhAvasvAtantrya use nahIM prApta hotA yaha avasthA pUrNa kavi kI nahIM hai kyoMki kavi ko svataH kAvyaracanA karane kI samarthatA abhI upalabdha nahIM hai| dUsaroM para Azrita honA 'sevitA' nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra hai prArambhika avasthA ke haraNakartA kavi isI koTi ke haiN| - ghaTamAna :- yaha avasthA kavi kI prArambhika cAra avasthAoM kI apekSA kavi ke kucha adhika vikAsa kI avasthA hai- kyoMki isa avasthA meM kavi svataH hI kAvyaracanA karane meM samartha hotA haikintu yahA~ bhI kavi kA pUrNa vikAsa nahIM hai kyoMki kavi kisI prabandha kA nirmANa karane meM samartha na hokara kevala prakIrNa viSayoM para hI svatantra rUpa se kAvyaracanA kara sakatA hai| 2 ghaTayati ceSTate- yaha vyutpatti ghaTamAna nAma ko spaSTa karatI hai / 1. 2 yaH pravRttavacana: paurastyAnAmanyatamacchAyAmabhyasyati sa sevitA / / sai kavate na tu prabadhnAti sa ghaTamAnaH / (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya) (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya)

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[101] mahAkavi :- pUrNa vikasita kavi kI avasthA ko mahAkavi kahA gayA hai| vaha svatantra rUpa se pUrNa prabandha ke nirmANa meM samartha hotA hai| isa avasthA meM kavi ko zabda, artha, bhAva tathA rasa sabhI ke svatantra rUpa meM nibandhana kI kSamatA se yukta mAnA jA sakatA hai| kavirAja :- sAmAnyata: mahAkavi ke bAda kavi ke vikAsa kI avasthAeM samApta ho jAtI haiM kyoMki mahAkavitva zreSTha kavitva kI kasauTI hai| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara kavi ke vikAsa kI sImA ko mahAkavitva se bhI Age taka le jAte haiN| unakI dRSTi meM kavi ke vikAsakrama kA antima sopAna kavirAjatva hai / 2 mahAkavi eka bhASA ke prabandha nirmANa meM paTu hotA hai kintu kavirAja kA racanA svAtantrya vibhinna bhASAoM, vibhinna prakAra ke prabandhoM tathA vibhinna rasoM se sambaddha hotA hai| (AcArya rAjazekhara ne kevala kavirAja ke lie hI vibhinna rasoM se racanA svAtantrya kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu yaha viSaya dhyAna dene kA hai ki mahAkavi kA bhale hI eka bhASA meM racanA svAtantrya ho kintu vibhinna rasoM se yukta racanA meM vaha bhI svatantra hotA hai kyoMki eka prabandha meM eka nahIM aneka rasa milate haiM) kintu rAjazekhara kAvyanirmANa kI dRSTi se kavirAja ko mahAkavi se bhI ucca sthAna pradAna karate haiN| kavirAja kavi kI ziSya se pUrNa kavi banane taka ke vikAsakrama kI antima avasthA hai tathA kavirAja pUrNata: vikasita paripUrNa kvi| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA mAnya 'kavirAja' avasthA unake kiJcit ahaMkAra ko vyakta karatI hai kyoMki unhoMne svayaM ko kaI sthAnoM para kavirAja kahA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita yaha sAta avasthAe~ kavi ke kramika vikAsa para AdhArita haiM aura isI kAraNa abhyAsa se sambaddha bhii| ziSya kI avasthA se ekAeka hI mahAkavi athavA kavirAja kI avasthA taka pahu~canA sambhava nahIM hai| kavi ko prArambhika tathA antima avasthA ke madhya vikAsa kI 1. yo'nyataraprabandhe pravINaH sa mhaakviH| (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya) 2 yastu tatra tatra bhASAvizeSe teSu prabandheSu tasmiMstasmiMzca rase svatantraHsa kviraajH| te yadi jagatyapi ktipye| (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya)

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[102] anya avasthAoM ko bhI pAra karanA par3atA hai-yaha kramabaddha vikAsa hI use zreSTha kavi kI avasthA taka pahu~cA pAtA hai| ina sAta avasthAoM ke atirikta tIna avasthAe~ aupadezika kavi kI bhI haiM, kintu inakA vikAsakrama se sambandha nahIM hai kyoMki aupadezika kavi kA vikAsakrama sambhava nahIM hai / mantra Adi ke upadeza se jisa bhI samaya kavitva prApta ho sake usI samaya vaha kAvyanirmANa meM samartha ho jAtA hai| Avezika :- mantrAdi ke upadeza se jisa samaya kavitva prApta ho usI samaya kAvyanirmANa Avezika kI avasthA hai| avicchedI :- avicchedI kavi kI kavitva preraNA usake manonukUla kArya karatI hai aura vaha java cAhe tabhI dhArApravAha kisI bhI viSaya para kAvya nirmANa kara sakatA hai saGkrAmayitA :- saGkrAmayitA svayaM kAvyaracayitA nahIM hai balki mantrasiddhi dvArA kanyAoM athavA kumAroM para vaha sarasvatI saGkramita kara detA hai aura kanyA athavA kumAra kAvyaracanA karane lagate haiM 3 AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita kavi ke vikAsakrama kI yaha avasthAe~ kAvyazAstrIya jagat ke lie sarvathA navIna viSaya haiM- rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcAryoM ne kavi ke kramika vikAsa ko svIkAra karate hue bhI isa prakAra kI avasthAoM ke vivecana ko viSaya nahIM bnaayaa| (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya) 1. yo mantrAdyupadezavazAllabdhasiddhirAvezasamakAlaM kavate sa aaveshikH| 2 yo yadaivecchati tadaivAvicchinnavacanaH so'vicchedii| 3 yaH kanyAkumArAdiSu siddhamantraH sarasvatIm saGkrAmayati sa sngkraamyitaa| (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya) (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya)

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[103] 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kavibheda tathA kaviyoM keguNa AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita kAvya kavi ke bheda vastutaH usakI kAvyaracanA se sambanddha guNa haiM / 1 kavi meM adhika se adhika kAvyaracanA sambandhI guNoM kI sthiti nirantara abhyAsa se hI sambhava hai| isalie AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA nirdiSTa kAvya kavi ke ina bhedoM ko kavi ke abhyAsa se sambaddha viSaya mAnA jA sakatA hai| : kAvyakavi ke ATha vibhinna bhedoM kA AdhAra bhinna-bhinna haiM- kevala zabda saundarya se yukta kAvya kA nirmAtA racanA kavi hai / kAvya meM zabdoM ke vibhinna prayoga kI dRSTi se kAvya kavi kA dvitIya prakAra zabdakavi tIna bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-- (ka) nAmakavi, (kha) AkhyAtakavi, (ga) nAmAkhyAta kavi / nAmakavi ke bheda kA AdhAra hai kAvya meM subanta zabdoM kA adhika prayoga, AkhyAta kavi kevala tiGnta zabdoM kA adhika prayoga karatA hai tathA nAmAkhyAt kavi tiGnta tathA subanta zabdoM kA samAna prayoktA hai| arthakavi ke kAvya meM zabdoM kI apekSA artha camatkArakArI hai- alaMkAra kavi rUpa bheda kA AdhAra kAvya meM alaGkAroM kA hI adhika prayoga ho sakatA hai| alaMkAroM kA dvitva ina alaGkArapriya kaviyoM ko do prakAra kA banA detA hai - zabdAlaGkArapriya tathA arthaalngkaarpriy| apane kAvya meM sundara uktiyoM ke prayoktA ukti kavi haiM / mArgakavi se tAtparya una kaviyoM se hai jo kisI viziSTa rIti ko hI apanI kAvyaracanA kA AdhAra banAte haiM / zAstrArtha kavi apane kAvya meM zAstra ke artho kA bhI upayoga karate haiM / 1. yaha kavibheda vastutaH kaviyoM ko paraspara pRthaka karane vAle bhedaka ke rUpa meM nahIM svIkAra kiyA jA sakate kyoMki pRthak pRthaka rUpa meM yaha sabhI kavi kAvyaracanA kI dRSTi se paripUrNa nahIM hai / kevala racanA saundarya se yukta kAvya ke nirmAtA kavi ko apane kAvya ko zreSTha banAne ke lie arthasaundarya kAvyamImAMsA meM kavi bheda zAstrakavi :- tatra tridhA zAstrakaviH yaH zAstram vidhate yazca zAstre kAvyaM saMvidhate, yo'pi kAvye zAstrArthaM nidhte| kAvyakaviH kAvyakaviH punaraSTadhA tadyathA racanAkaviH, zabdakavi, arthakaviH, alaGkArakaviH, uktikavi ramakavi:, mArgakaviH, zAstrArthakaviriti / (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya)

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[104] kI bhI AvazyakatA avazya hai| rama, bhAva, Adi kA bhI yadi kAvya meM samAveza na ho to kevala alaMkArapUrNatA use kRtrima tathA ADambarayukta banA detI hai| ramaNIya ukti ke prayoktA kavi ke kAvya meM zabda, artha, alaMkAra, rasa sabhI se sambaddha saundarya honA caahie| isake atirikta rasa paripUrNa racanA karanA kevala eka hI prakAra ke kavi ke lie sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki kAvya ke paripUrNatva tathA zreSThatA kI kasauTI usakA sarasa honA hI hai| sabhI zreSTha kAvya sarasa hote haiM tathA sabhI zreSTha kavi sarasa kAvya ke racayitA bhii| ataH rasa prayoga ke AdhAra para kavibheda sambhava nahIM hai| kAvya meM zAstrIya artha ke upayoga rUpa vaiziSTya ke AdhAra para kaviyoM ko paraspara bhinna kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu sAtha hI yaha tathya bhI upasthita hotA hai ki pratibhA sampanna kavi ko abhyAsa tathA vyutpatti ke dvArA hI kAvyanirmANa se sambaddha paripakvatA prApta hotI hai| kavi kI kasauTI hI hai usakA zAstroM Adi meM vyutpanna honaa| ata: AvazyakatA hone para sabhI vyutpanna kavi kAvya meM zAstrIya arthoM kA prayoga kara sakate haiM aura aisI sthitiyA~ zreSTha kavi ke kAvya meM svAbhAvika rUpa meM hI AtI haiM, prayatnapUrvaka nhiiN| yadyapi zAstrIya arthoM ke adhika tathA nyUna prayoga ke AdhAra para kaviyoM ko paraspara bhinna kiyA jA sakatA hai, kevala subanta zabdoM ke adhikAMza rUpa meM prayoktA, kevala tiGnta zabdapriya kavi athavA donoM hI prakAra ke zabdoM meM samAna rUpa se kAvya racanA karane vAle kaviyoM kA bheda sambhava hai phira bhI kisI kavi ko kevala zabda prayoktA nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki usake kAvya meM artha, ukti, rasa Adi kA bhI vaiziSTya avazya milatA hai| yadyapi kisI viziSTa rIti meM racanA karane vAle kaviyoM kA paraspara pRthakatva sambhava hai kyoMki vaidarbhI, gauDI, paJcAlI Adi vibhinna rItiyoM meM racanA ke AdhAra para unheM pRthaka kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu zreSTha kavi meM bhinna-bhinna rItiyoM ko apanAne kI sAmarthya hotI hai| vipaya, rasa bheda ke AdhAra para isake atirikta zreSTha kAvya kI kasauTI rUpa meM sAmAnyata: vaidarbhI rIti meM racita kAvya ko hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki ina bhedakoM ke AdhAra para kavi paraspara pRthak nahIM kie jA sakate kyoMki kisI zreSTha kavi ke kAvya meM ina sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza nyUnAdhika rUpa se anivArya hai| svayaM

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[105] AcArya rAjazekhara ke hI zabdoM meM yaha kaviyoM ke kAvya prayoga se sambaddha guNa haiN| racanA tathA zabda kA saundarya, ramaNIya artha, sundara uktiyoM tathA alaMkAroM kA prayoga, rIti, rasa, bhAva tathA zAstroM kA saMskAra hI kisI kAvya ko paripUrNa tathA zreSTha banAne meM samartha hai| isa kavibheda ko prArambhika avasthA ke abhyAmI kaviyoM kI vibhinna sthitiyoM meM vA~TA jA sakatA hai-prathama avasthA meM prayatnapUrvaka abhyAsa ke sAhAmya se abhyAsI kavi ke kAvya meM racanA athavA zabda saundarya ke upasthita hone kI sambhAvanA hai| kavi kA kramika vikAsa usake kAvya meM artha, alaMkAra tathA ukti Adi kI ramaNIyatA lA sakatA hai| kavi ke abhyAsa kA yahI vikAsakrama use rasakavi athavA viziSTa rIti meM racanA sAmarthya sampanna kavi banA sakatA hai| kavi kI kramazaH vyutpannatA tathA vikAsa use zAstrAthoM kA bhI kAvya upayoga karane kI sAmarthya pradAna karate haiM kintu yaha sabhI avasthAe~ kavi ke kramika vikAsa ke madhya kI avasthAe~ haiM tathA inase sambaddha viSayoM ko pRthaka-pRthak rUpa meM kaviyoM ko paraspara bhinna karane kA AdhAra kevala abhyAsI kavi kI sthiti meM mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki kevala apUrNa kavi ke kAvya meM isa sabhI bhedakoM kA eka sAtha hI upasthita na honA sambhava hai,pUrNa paripakva zreSTha kavi ke kAvya meM racanA tathA zabda kA saundarya, arthasaundarya, uktisaundarya alaMkAra, rIti, rasa tathA zAstroM kA saMskAra samAna rUpa se hI prApta ho sakatA hai| sabhI guNoM se yukta kavi zreSTha hai- AcArya rAjazekhara kI isa mAnyatA ke AdhAra para racanA prayoga, artha prayoga, ukti prayoga, rasa-alaMkAra tathA rIti kA prayoga kaviyoM kA guNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa viSayoM meM kavi kI pRthak-pRthak rUpa se paripakvatA ke AdhAra para unake kAvya kI kasauTI ho sakatI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke anusAra do tIna guNoM kA honA kavi kI kaniSThatA athavA prArambhika avasthA hai-pA~ca guNoM kA honA kavi kI madhyama avasthA athavA pUrNa paripakva kavi se kucha kama vikasita avasthA hai,1 tathA kisI kavi ke kAvya meM sabhI guNoM kI sthiti use kAvyanirmANa kI dRSTi se paripUrNa mahAkavi siddha karatI hai| kaniSTha, madhyama tathA mahAkavi rUpa isa kavi vibhAga ne racanA, 1 papAM dvitrairguNaiH kanIyAn, paJcakairmadhyamaH, sarvagaNayogI mhaakviH| (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya)

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[106] artha, ukti, rasa Adi kavi bhedakoM ko kaviyoM kA kAvyanirmANa sambandhI guNa banA diyA hai tathA kramaza: abhyAsa se pUrNa paripakva kavi banane kI sthiti ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai| abhyAsI kavi ke kramika abhyAsa se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa hI yaha viSaya 'kavizikSA' se sambaddha grantha meM prastuta hai - / abhyAsI kavi kA abhyAsa ina sabhI viSayoM se sambaddha honA cAhie tabhI kavi meM ina sabhI guNoM kA samAveza sambhava hai jo use pUrNa mahAkavi kI sthiti meM pahuMcAtA hai| kavi ke abhyAsa kI prathama avasthAoM meM alpaguNoM ke samAveza ke kAraNa hI kavi ko kaniSTha tathA madhyama kavi kahA gayA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM sarvatra AcArya rAjazekhara kI bheda-vibheda kI pravRtti vyApta hai| kintu guNoM kI saMkhyA para AdhArita kavi kI kasauTI viSaya kI sUkSma vivecanA nahIM hai| citrakAvya tathA rasa kAvya para AdhArita kavi kI kaniSThatA tathA utkRSTatA prastuta karane vAlA AcArya Anandavardhana kA vicAra hI svIkArya hai| abhyAsa ke upAya :- kAvya hetu pratibhA evaM vyutpatti kavi ke kAvya ke kevala mAnasika udbhava se hI sambaddha haiM kintu kAvya kI kriyAnviti ke lie kAvya hetu abhyAsa kI hI anivAryatA hai| isI kAraNa kavi kI dinacaryA meM abhyAsa ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| unake vivecana ke antargata kavi kI dinacaryA kA dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha prahara kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa se sambaddha hai| praznottaroM dvArA samasyAoM kA vivecana, vividha prakAra ke kAvyaracanA sambandhI abhyAsa, citrakAvya kA nirmANa, nirmita kAvya kA puna:punaH parIkSaNa, adhika kA tyAga, nyUna kA pUraNa, anyathAsthita padoM kA parivartana tathA prasmRta prada kA anusandhAna Adi kArya kAvya ke abhyAsa tathA kramika saMskAra ke antargata hI svIkata haiN|| 1. dvitIya kAvyakriyAm ................bhojanAnte kAvyagoSThI prvrtyet| kadAcicca praznottarANi bhindiit| kAvyasamasyAdhAraNA, mAtRkAbhyAsaH, citrA yogA ityaayaamtrym| caturtha ekAkinaH parimitapariSado vA pUrvAhrabhAgavihitasya kAvyasya priikssaa| rasAvezataH kAvyaM viracayato na ca vivekatrI dRssttistsmaadnupriiksset| adhikasya tyAgo nyUnasya pUraNaM, anyathAsthitasya parivartanaM, prasmRtasyAnusandhAnam cetyhiinm| mAyaM sandhyAmupAsIta sarasvatI c| tato divA vihitaparIkSitasyabhilekhanamA pradoSAt (kAvyamImAMsA-dazama adhyAya)

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[107] AcArya rAjazekhara abhyAsa kI nirantaratA ke lie niyamita dinacaryA kI anivAryatA svIkAra karate haiN| unake vicAra meM zreSTha sahRdayahRdayAha lAdakArI kAvya niyamita dinacaryA ke anusAra kAvya racanA kA nirantara abhyAsa karane vAle kaviyoM dvArA hI nirmita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAvya meM zabda artha nibandhana se sambaddha abhyAsa kA AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA pradarzita zreSTha upAya hai-sAGga vedoM evaM itihAsa purANAdi ke arthoM evaM kathAoM ko lekara kAvyanirmANa kA pryaas| abhyAsa se sambaddha upAyoM ke rUpa meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne haraNa kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai kintu unakA vistAra tathA mahatva unake pUrNataH pRthak vivecana ke lie bAdhya karatA hai| kavi ke lie abhyAsa ke upAya AcArya vAgbhaTa ke 'vAgbhaTAlaGkAra' tathA AcArya kSemendra ke 'kavikaNThAbharaNa' meM bhI vivecita hai-AcArya vAgbhaTa kI dhAraNA hai ki kavi ko kAvya ke lie artha prApti hetu mana kI nirmalatA evaM pratibhA ke sAtha prAtaH kAlIna abhyAsa kI bhI parama AvazyakatA haikAvya ke lie artha, pada ke prapacca ko, zabdasaMghaTanA evaM arthasaMghaTanA ko abhyAsa dvArA hI sIkhA jA sakatA hai / nirantara kAvya racanA ke abhyAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI kavi ko kAvya ke lie ucita zabdoM, artho ke cunAva kI kSamatA prApta hotI hai-kavi kI prArambhika avasthA ke lie AcArya vAgbhaTa dvArA batAe gae upAya haiM- arthazUnya padAvalI dvArA chandaracanA kA abhyAsa evaM prAcIna kathAoM ko lekara arthabandha kA abhyAsa 2 kAvya ke lie vibhinna chandabandha sIkhane ke lie arthazUnya padoM ko lekara padya banAnA bhI 1 aniyatakAlAH pravRttayo viplavante tasmAddivasaM nizAm ca yAmakrameNa caturddhA vibhjet| (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya) 2 anArataM gurUpAnte yaH kAvye racanAdara: tamabhyAsaM vidustasya kramaH ko'pyupdishyte| 6 / bibhratyA bandhacArUtvaM padAvalyArthazUnyayA vazIkurvIta kAvyA chandAMsi nikhilAnyapi / 7 / anullasantyAM navyArthayuktAbhinavatvataH arthasaGkalanAttvamabhyasye tsaGkathAsvapi / 101 vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (vAgbhaTa) (prathama pariccheda) .

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[108] lAbhakArI hai tathA kavitva kI aparipakvAvasthA meM navIna artha kA udbhava karane kI kSamatA na hone para vibhinna prAcIna kathAoM ko lekara hI arthanibandhana kA prayAsa bhI kramaza:kAvya nirmANa kI vikasita avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie upAdeya hai| AcArya vAgbhaTa prAcIna vedoM Adi kI kathAoM ko lekara arthavandha ko abhyAsa kA upAya svIkAra karake bhI prAcIna kaviyoM ke kAvyoM ke arthagrahaNa ko lekara abhyAsa karane ko zreyaskara nahIM mAnate / yadyapi samasyApUrti rupa kAvya ke abhyAsa meM dUsaroM ke arthagrahaNa kA doSatva nahIM hai, kyoMki samasyApUrti meM kavi dUsare ke artha kA alpAMza hI grahaNa karatA hai, saMpUrNa kAvya nhiiN| AcArya kSemendra ke grantha (kavikaNThAbharaNa) meM prArambhika avasthA ke kavi ke lie vivecita sau zikSAe~ kavi ke bauddhika vikAsa evaM usake kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa sambaddha haiN| abhyAsa ke aneka upAya bhI isa grantha meM pradarzita haiM-2 yaha abhyAsa kavi ke kAvya meM bhASA, bhAva tathA kalA sambandhI sauSThava ke utpAdana hetu upAdeya haiN| dUsare ke abhiprAya ko prakArAntara se apanI bhASA meM vyakta karanA, prasAda guNa yukta zabdoM kA prayoga, chandavidhAna kA abhyAsa, bhASA meM camatkAra tathA pravAha lAne kA prayAsa 1. parArthavandhAdyazca syAdabhyAso vAcyasaGgatau sa na zreyAnyato'nena kavirbhavati taskaraH / 121 parakAvyagraho'pi syAtsamasyAyAM guNaH kaveH arthaM tadarthAnugataM navaM hi racatyasau / 13 / vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (vAgbhaTa) (prathama pariccheda) 2 alpaprayatnasAdhya ziSya kA abhyAsa kurvIta sAhityavidaH sakAze zrutArjanaM kAvyasamudbhavAya na tArkikaM kevalazAbdikaM vA kuryAd gurUM suuktivikaasvighnm| vijJAtazabdAgamanAmadhAtuzchando vidhAne vihitazramazca kAvyeSu mAdhuryamanorameSu kuryAdakhinna: zravaNAbhiyogam / / gIteSu gAthAsvatha dezabhASAkAvyeSu dadyAt saraseSu karNam vAcAM camatkAravidhAyinInAm navArthacarcAsu ruciM viddhyaat|| kRcchrasAdhya ziSya kA abhyAsa paThet samastAn kila kAlidAsakRta prabandhatihAsadarzI kasyAdhivAsaprathamodagamasya rakSet purstaarkikgndhmugrm|| mahAkaveH kAvyanavakriyAyai tadekacittaH paricArakaH syAt pade ca pAde ca padAvazeSasaMpUraNecchAM muhuraaddiit|| abhyAsahetoH padasaMnivezairvAkyArthazUnyairvidadhIta vRttam zlokaM parAvRttipadaiH purANaM yathAsthitArtha paripUrayet c|| kavikaNThAbharaNa (kSemendra) prathama sandhi

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[109] Adi kAvya meM bhASAsaundarya ke nibandhana se sambaddha abhyAsa hai| suziSya ke lie AcArya ne sAhitya ke jJAtAoM kI satsaGgati meM bhASA tathA chanda vidhAna ke abhyAsa kI upAdeyatA batalAI hai| duHziSya ke lie mahAkavi ke sAnnidhya meM dUsaroM ke padyoM ke pada, pAda Adi ko parivartita karate hue kAvyanirmANa kA abhyAsa karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| racanAkArya meM praveza hetu (dUsare ke padya ke pada, pAda athavA samasta padya ke anukaraNa meM apanA padya banAnA rUpa) chAyopajIvana dvArA abhyAsa kSemendra kI dRSTi meM kavi banane ke prArambhika caraNa meM upayogI hotA hai| AcArya kSemendra kI abhyAsa se sambaddha anya zikSAe~ haiMpraur3hi, chandapUrti, samasyApUrti, prabhAta meM jAgaraNa, deza, bhASA ke kAvyoM se bhAvagrahaNa, pada rakhane tathA haTAne kI buddhi, saMzodhana, jJAna ke lie sabakA ziSya banane kI udAratA, madhya meM vizrAma grahaNa, dUsaroM kI adhUrI kRtiyoM ko tathA apane prArambha kie kAvya ko pUrA karanA aadi| AcArya kuntaka kI abhyAsa se sambaddha dhAraNA apanA vaiziSTya rakhatI hai| unake anusAra vibhinna kaviyoM kA abhyAsa unake svabhAva ke anusAra bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai| sukamAra svabhAva kavi ke lie sukumAratA sampanna abhyAsa, vicitra svabhAva kavi kA vaicitryayukta abhyAsa tathA ubhaya svabhAva kavi kA saukumArya tathA vaicitrya donoM se saMyukta abhyAsa upAdeya hai|1 isa viSaya meM AcArya kSemendra tathA AcArya rAjazekhara ko AcArya kuntaka ke vicAra ke samAna bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha donoM AcArya bhI vibhinna prakAra ke kaviyoM ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke abhyAsa kI upAdeyatA svIkAra karate haiN| 1. kavisvabhAvabheda nibandhanatvena kAvyaprasthAnabhedaH samaJjasatAM gaahte| sukumArasvabhAvasya kavestathAvidhaiva sahajA zaktiH .........tAbhyAJca sukumAravartmanAbhyAsatatparaH kriyte| tathaiva caitasmAd vicitra:svabhAvo yasya.............tAbhyAJca vaicitryavAsanAdhivAsitamAnaso vicitravarmanAbhyAsabhAga bhvti| evametadubhayakavinibandhanasaMvalitasvabhAvasya kavestaducitaiva........ / tatastacchAyAdvitaMyaparipoSapezalAbhyAsa paravazaH smpdyte| tadevamete kavayaH sakalakAvyakaraNakalApakASThAdhirUThi ramaNIyaM kimapi kAvyamArabhante, sukumAraM vicitramubhayAtmakazca / vakroktijIvita (kuntaka) prathama unmess|

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[110] kAvyapAka:- vikAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa prArambhika kavi kA bhI kAvya kramazaH parivakvatA tathA ramaNIyatA se samanvita hotA jAtA hai| kavi ke kAvya kI pUrNa paripakvatA kI sthiti ko vibhinna kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM 'kAvyapAka' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa paripakvatA ko AcArya kavi dvArA kie gae nirantara abhyAsa kA pariNAma mAnate haiN| kisI kAvya ko kisa sthiti meM paripakva kahanA sambhava hai isa viSaya meM AcAryo ke vibhinna mata haiN| AcArya maGgala pAka kI sthiti sundara zabdoM ke prayoga athavA subanta, tiG nta zabdoM kI kSotramadhura vyutpatti ko mAnate haiN|1 kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra kAvya ke pada vinyAsa ke sambandha meM citta kI sthiratA kAvyapAka kI sthiti hai| AcArya vAmana pada ke parivartana kI apekSA na hone ko hI kAvya paripakvatA kI kasauTI mAnate haiM- unakI dhAraNA hai ki prAyaH Agraha ke kAraNa bhI kavi ke mAnasa meM kAvya ke padoM ko rakhane, haTAne meM citta caMcala banA rahatA hai| ataH kAvya kA vaha rUpa jisameM kAvya ke pada punaH parivartana kI apekSA nahIM rakhate kAvya parivakvatA kI sthiti hai| anirvacanIya zabdapAka vaidarbhI rIti meM udita hotA hai / 2 AcArya rAjazekhara kI patnI avantisundarI kAvyapAka kA sambandha kAvya ke zabdoM se nahIM, varan rasa se mAnatI haiN| AcArya vAmana ke mata kI unhoMne AlocanA kI hai| unakI dhAraNA hai ki mahAkavi ke kAvyoM meM eka hI viSaya meM sambaddha aneka pATha prApta hote haiM, unasabhI ko upayukta tathA paripakva rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI kAraNa avantisandarI kAvya meM 1. satatamabhyAsavazataH sukave: vAkyaM paakmaayaati| kaH punarayaM pAka:? ityAcAryA : 'pariNAmaH' iti mngglH| ............supAM tiGgaM ca zravaH (pri?) yA vyutpattiH iti mngglH| saushbdymett| 'padanivezaniSkampatA pAka:,' ityAcAryAH (kAvyamImAMsA-paMcama adhyAya) - vacasi yamadhigamya spandate vAcakazrIvitathamavitathatvaM yatra vastu pryaati| udayati hi sA tATTak kvApi vaidarbharItau sahRdayahRdayAnAM raJjakaH ko'pi pAkaH (1/2/21) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) 'AgrahaparigrahAdapi padasthairyaparyavasAyastasmAtpadAnAm parivRttivaimukhyaM pAkaH' iti vaamniiyaaH| tadAhu : "yatpadAni tyajantyeva parivRttisahiSNutAM / taM zabdanyAyaniSNAtA: zabdapAkaM prcksste|" (paJcama adhyAya) (kAvyamImAMsA)

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[111] zabda ke parivartana kI apekSA na hone ko azakti kA paricAyaka mAnatI haiM, kAvyaparipakvatA kA nhiiN| avantisundarI ke vicArAnusAra pAka kA sambandha rasa se hI hai| usI kAvya ko paripakva mAnA jA sakatA hai jisameM zabda, artha tathA sUkti kA nibandhana rasa ke anukUla ho, kAvya ke vAkya meM sahRdayoM kI hRdayahAritA kI kSamatA bhI vAkyapAka kI kasauTI hai- jisa kAvya ke vAkya meM zabda, artha, rIti, ukti, guNa, alaMkAra Adi kA nibandhana, sahRdayoM ko manohArI pratIta ho vahI vAkya paripakva hai| isake atirikta kAvya kI paripakvatA ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha anirvacanIya vastu hai isakA sambandha na zabda se hai aura na hI artha athavA rasa se| vaktA, zabda, artha,rasa sabhI ke hone para bhI jisake abhAva meM vANI meM manohAritA nahIM AtI, usI anirvacanIya vastu ko kavijagat meM pAka rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAvya meM rasa pratIti kA adhika mahatva svIkAra karane vAle tathA ucita zabda prayoga ko adhika mahatvapUrNa mAnane vAle do mata AcArya mahimabhaTTa ke 'vyaktiviveka' meM ullikhita haiM / kAvya meM rasa pratIti kI hI pradhAnatA mAnane vAlA mata avantisundarI ke mata se samAnatA rakhatA hai| yaha mata rasa pratIti kA nirvAha na hone para kAvya kA astitva hI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isa mata ko svIkAra karane vAloM kI mAnyatA yahA~ taka hai ki rasa pratIti ko naSTa na karate hue asAdhu zabdoM kA prayoga bhI doSa nahI hai| rasa pratIti hI mahatvapUrNa hai, zabda nhiiN| kintu dUsarA mata mahAkaviyoM ke lie apazabda ke prayoga ko mahAn doSa mAnatA hai ? 1. 'iyamazaktirna punaH pAkaH' ityvntisundrii| yadekasminvastuni mahAkavInAmaneko'pi pAThaH paripAkavAnbhavati tasmAdrasocitazabdArthasUktinibandhanaH paakH| yadAha - "guNAlaGkArarItyuktizabdArthagrathanakramaH svadate sudhiyAM yena vAkyapAkaH sa mAM prati // " taduktam "sati vaktari satyarthe zabde sati rase sati asti tatra vinA yena parisravati vAGmadhu // " (kAvyamImAMsA-paJcama adhyAya) 2 atra kecidAhuH- vAcye taavdrsprtiitirnivyuuddhaa| tAmanupamardayan kAvye yadyasAdhuzabdo'pi syAnna tadA sthUla: kazcit dossH| kAvye hi rasa pratItiH prdhaanm.........| anye tvaahuH| bhavatu rasApekSayApazabdasya svalpadozatvam tathApi mahAkavInAmapazabdaprayogo mahAn dossH| vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTTa) dvitIya vimarza pRSTha 260

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[112] kAvyapAka ko eka nizcita svarUpa pradAna karane ke lie donoM matoM kA samAna rUpa se mAnya honA hI ucita hai| avantisundarI ne AcArya vAmana ke mata kA virodha kiyA hai kintu kAvyapAka ke do pakSa svIkAra karake AcArya vAmana tathA avantisundarI ke matoM ke pArasparika virodha ko khaMDita kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA donoM hI matoM kI alaga-alaga dRSTi se samIcInatA svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| zreSTha kAvya ke lie sauzabdya tathA rasa pratIti kA nirvAha donoM hI gaNoM kI samAna AvazyakatA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne vibhinna matoM kA ullekha karake anta meM apanA mata dete hue padoM ke parivartana kI apekSA na hone ko kAvya kA zabdapAka mAnA hai| isake atirikta kAvya kI paripakvatA ke nirNaya ke sambandha meM unhoMne sahRdayoM ko hI pramANa mAnA hai| sahRdayoM ko rucikara pratIta hone vAle kAvya kA sarasa honA avazyambhAvI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke vicArAnusAra kAvya paripakvatA kA nirdhAraka tatva rasa hai yaha unake dvArA svIkRta pAka prakAroM se hI spaSTa hotA hai| isa prakAra rasa kA nirvAha kAvya paripakvatA kA eka pakSa hai tathA sauzabdya dUsarA pkss| AcArya Anandavardhana ke anusAra bhI kAvya kA sarasa honA usakI praur3hatA kA paricAyaka hai| dhvanikAvya ko unhoMne paripakva kAvya kI kasauTI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / 2 kavi kA rasAbhivyakti meM tAtparya na honA tathA usake dvArA kevala alaMkArayukta kAvyanirmANa citrakAvya (jisakI 1. 'kAryAnumeyatayA yattacchabdanivedyaH param pAko'bhidhAviSayastatsahRdayaprasiddhisiddha eva vyavahArAGga masau, iti yaayaavriiyH| (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya) 2 rasabhAvAdiviSayavivakSA virahe sti| alaGkAranibandho yaH saH citraviSayo mtH|| rasAdiSu vivakSA tu syAttAtparyavatI ydaa| tadA nAstyeva tatkAvyaM dhvaneryatra na gocrH|| idAnIntu tu nyAyye kAvyanayavyavasthApane kriyamANe nAstyeva dhvanivyatiriktaH kAvyaprakAra: yataH paripAkavatAM kavInAM rasAditAtparyavirahe vyApAra eva na shobhte| (tRtIya udyota) dhvanyAloka (Anandavardhana )

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[113] racanA kevala prArambhika abhyAsI kavi hI karate haiM) kA viSaya hai paripakva kAvya kA nhiiN| kavi kA jahA~ bhI rasAbhivyakti se tAtparya ho vahA~ sarvatra dhvanikAvya hI hotA hai dhvani kAvya kI racanA pUrNa paripakva kavi hI karate haiM tathA yaha rasAdi tAtparya se yukta dhvani kAvya hI pUrNa paripakva kAvya athavA - kAvyapAka kI sthiti hai| nirantara abhyAsI kaviyoM ke vAkya ke pAka kA ullekha AcArya vidyAdhara ne bhI kiyA hai tathA rasa ke anukUla zabdArtha nibandhana kA hI pAka se tAtparya mAnA hai| agnipurANa meM tathA AcArya bhojarAja ke 'sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa' meM kAvyapAka ko kAvya kA guNa mAnA gayA hai| kAvya meM mahatI zobhA kA AdhAyaka tatva agnipurANa ke anusAra guNa hai| zabda tathA artha donoM ke hI upakAraka ubhayaguNa ke chaH bheda svIkAra kie gae hai- prasAda, saubhAgya yathAsaMkhya, prazasyatA, pAka tathA rAga / pAka se tAtparya kisI vastu kI ucca rUpa meM pariNati se hai - isa dRSTi se kAvya kI ucca pariNati athavA pUrNa paripakvatA kI sthiti kAvyapAka hai bhojarAja ke 'sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa' meM vivecita kAvya ke 24 guNoM meM se suzabdatA, ukti tathA praur3ha ko kavi ke kAvya kI paripakvatA se sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai 2 subanta, tiGnta zabdoM kI 1. yaH kAvye mahata chAyAmanugRhaNAtyasau guNaH zabdArthAvupakurvANo nAmnobhayaguNaH smRtaH uccaiH pariNatiH kA'pi pAka ityabhidhIyate agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga (dazama adhyAya) 131 .......... 18 I .1 221 2 suzabdatA (zabdaguNa tathA arthaguNa) vyutpatiH susi yA tu procyate sA suzabdatA adAruNArthaparyyAyo dArUNeSu suzabdatA / ukti (zabdaguNa tathA arthaguNa ) viziSTA bhaNiti: yA syAduktiM tAM kavayo viduH / uktirnAma yadi svArthoM bhaGgayA bhavyo'bhidhIyate / prauDhi ( zabdaguNa tathA arthaguNa) ukteH prauDha parIpAkaH procyate prauDhisaMjJayA vivakSitArthanirvAhaH kAvye prauDhiriti smRtA / sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja) (prathama pariccheda)

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[114] vyutpatti tathA dArUNa viSaya meM adArUNa artha ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga suzabdatA hai| AcArya kezavamizra ke anusAra bhI dArUNa artha meM adArUNa padoM kA prayoga sauzabdya hai tathA kAvyapAka kA svruup| AcArya bhojarAja ke anusAra kAvya-racanA meM viziSTa bhaNiti ukti guNa hai| bhojarAja kA praur3higuNa kAvya meM ukti ke praur3ha paripAka tathA vivakSita artha ke nirvAha se sambaddha hai| suzabdatA, ukti tathA praur3hi-ina guNoM kA abhyAsI kavi ke kramika vikAsa se hI sambandha hai kyoMki kramaza: abhyAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI kavi ke kAvya meM sauzabdya, viziSTa bhaNiti rUpa ukti tathA racanA ke praur3ha parIpAka rUpa praur3hi guNa Ate haiN| AcArya bhojarAja dvArA vivecita gumphanA kA bhI sambandha kavi ke kramika vikAsa se hai|-gumphnaa se tAtparya hai zabda artha kI samyak racanA se / / AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kAvyapAka sambandhI nirdeza abhyAsI kaviyoM ko diyA gayA hai 3 kAvya kA paryavasAyI rUpa pUrNataH sarasa honA caahie| kAvyanirmANa karane para usakI vibhinna sthitiyA~ upasthita ho sakatI haiM, kintu inameM upAdeyatA kevala kucha hI sthitiyoM kI hai| kucha sthitiyA~ aisI bhI ho sakatI haiM jinakA paryavasA, rUpa nIrasa ho, kintu abhyAsI kavi kA sambandha aise hI kAvya ke nirmANa se honA cAhie jisakA paryavasAyI rUpa sarasa ho| kAvya kI una sthitiyoM ko jo Adi meM sarasa hone para bhI anta meM nIrasa hoM, prayatnapUrvaka tyAga denA abhyAsI kavi kA kartavya hai| rasa kI dRSTi se vividhatApUrNa racanA prakAroM ko (jinakA ullekha rAjazekhara ne pAka pakAroM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai) dhyAna meM rakhate hue kavi ko apane kAvyanirmANa ko kramazaH vikAsa kI ora le jAnA cAhie aura usI prakAra kI racanA ke lie prayatnazIla honA cAhie jisakA paryavasAyI rUpa sarasa ho| isa prakAra sambhavata: AcArya rAjazekhara sarasatA ko bhI prArambhika avasthA meM prayatnapUrvaka hI kAvya meM lAne kA nirdeza dete haiN| 1. 'dArUNe'rthe'dArUNapadatA suzabdatA' (aSTam marIci peja - 21) alaMkAra zekhara (kezavamizra) 2 vAkye zabdArthayoH samyagracanA gumphanA smRtA zabdArthakramaparyAyapadavAkyakRtA ca sA / 53 / mAyatIkaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja) dvitIya pariccheda 3. sa ca kavigrAmasya kAvyabhyasyato navadhA bhvti| (kAvyamImAMsA- paJcama adhyAya)

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[115] paripakvAvasthA meM kaviyoM ke kAvya meM sarasatA svayaM hI AtI hogI-prayatnapUrvaka usakA nirvAha kavi ko nahIM karanA par3atA hogaa| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA prastuta kAvyanirmANa ke nau rUpoM meM se pUrNata: upAdeyatA kevala tIna rUpoM kI hai-jinheM AcArya rAjazekhara ne mRDhIkA pAka, sahakAra pAka tathA nArikela pAka ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| jo racanA Adi meM nIrasa hokara bhI anta meM sarasa ho use mRdvIkA pAka kahA gayA hai| Adi meM kucha madhyama tathA anta meM svAdu racanA sahakAra pAka tathA Adi se anta taka madhura racanA nArikela pAka hai| isa prakAra kI racanAe~ kavi nizcinta hokara kara sakate haiM kyoMki inameM anta meM sarasatA kA nirvAha inheM pUrNata: grAhya banA detA hai| Adi meM kisI bhI prakAra ke svarUpa vAlI ve racanAeM jinakA svarUpa anta meM madhyama madhura ho grahaNa kI jA sakatI haiN| parantu unakA kizcit saMskAra hI unheM grAhya banA sakatA hai| anta meM kizcit sarasa racanA kA saMskAra use anta meM pUrNataH sarasa banAne se hI sambaddha ho sakatA hai kyoMki AcArya rAjazekhara anta meM sarasa racanA ko hI pUrNata: grAhya mAnate haiN| kAvyanirmANa ke anta meM madhyama madhura jina tIna rUpoM ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne svIkAra kiyA hai ve haiM-badarapAka, tintiDIka pAka tathA trpuspaak| inameM se badarapAka vaha racanA hai jo Adi meM nIrasa tathA anta meM kucha sarasa ho, tintiDIka pAka Adi aura anta donoM meM madhyama svAda vAlI racanA hai tathA trapusapAka Adi meM svAdu tathA anta meM madhyama svAdu racanA ko kahA gayA hai-| ina racanAoM kI anta meM sthita kiJcit sarasatA ko kavi ko abhyAsapUrvaka pUrNata: sarasa banAne kA prayAsa karanA caahie| AdAvasvAdu pariNAme svAdu mRdvIkApAkam / Adau madhyamamante svAdu sahakArapAkam AdyantayoH svAd naalikerpaakmiti| svabhAvazuddhaM hi na sNskaarmpeksste| na muktAmaNe: zAstAratAyai prbhvti| (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya) AdAvasvAdu pariNAme madhyamaM badarapAkam AdyantayormadhyamaM tintiDIkapAkam AdAvuttamamante madhyamaM trpuspaakm| ............... madhyamA sNskaaryaaH| saMskArI hi sarvasya guNamutkarSati / dvAdazavarNamapi suvarNa pAvakapAkena hemIbhavati / (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya)

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[116] ina racanAoM ke atirikta kucha racanAe~ aisI bhI hotI haiM jinheM saMskAra karake bhI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra kI racanAeM kavi ke lie pUrNata: tyAjya hai kyoMki Adi meM kisI bhI prakAra ke svarUpavAlI ina racanAoM kA anta sarvathA nIrasa hotA hai| anta meM pUrNata: nIrasa racanA kA saMskAra kisa sImA taka kiyA bhI jA sakatA hai? jabaki sahRdaya kI rasa pratIti kA sambandha racanA ke paryavasAyI rUpa ke rasa nirvAha se adhika hai| prArambhika abhyAsI kavi ko anta meM sarvathA nIrasa racanA karane se apane ko bacAnA caahie| abhyAsa dvArA vaha kramazaH aisI sthiti meM pahuMca sakatA hai jahA~ usakI racanA anta meM kucha madhura svAda vAlI ho jAe, madhura svAda paryavasAyI racanA kI kSamatA prApta ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI kavi ko nirantara abhyAsa kI usa samaya taka AvazyakatA hai jaba taka ki usakI racanAe~ anta meM sarvathA sarasatA, kI sImA taka na pahu~ca jaaeN| AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM racanA ke paryavasAyI rUpa kI sarasatA, nIrasatA kA jitanA mahatva hai racanA ke Adi svarUpa kI sarasatA, nIrasatA ko unhoMne utanA mahatva nahIM diyA hai| kAvyanirmANa ke nau pAka rUpoM ke AcArya rAjazekhara ne tIna varga banAe haiN| ina tIna vargoM ko racanA ke Adi svarUpa ke AdhAra para pRthaka kiyA gayA hai| Adi meM nIrasa tIna prakAra kI racanAoM kA eka varga hai- jinameM picumanda pAka anta meM bhI sarvathA nIrasatA ke kAraNa tyAjya hai, badarapAka anta meM kucha sarasa hone se saMskArya hai, tathA mRdvIkA pAka anta meM pUrNataH sarasa hone se grAhya hai| 1. tatrAdyantayorasvAdu picumndpaakm| Adau madhyamamante cAsvAdu vaartaakpaakm| AdAvuttamamante cAsvAdu krmukpaakm| teSAM triSvapi trikeSu pAkA: prathame tyaajyaaH| varamakavina punaH kukaviH syAt / kukavitA hi socchvAsaM maraNam (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya)

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[117] dvitIya varga Adi meM kucha madhura svAda vAlI racanAoM kA hai- inameM anta meM sarvathA nIrasa vArtAka pAka tyAjya, anta meM kucha madhyama svAda vAlI racanA tintiDIka pAka saMskArya tathA anta meM pUrNata: sarasa sahakAra pAka grAhya hai| tRtIya varga Adi meM svAdu racanAoM kA hai-jinameM anta meM nIrasa racanA kramukapAka tyAjya hai anta meM kucha sarasa trapusapAka saMskArya hai tathA anta meM pUrNata: sarasa nAlikera pAka grAhya hai| ___ ina nau prakAra kI racanAoM ke atirikta kucha aisI bhI racanAe~ hotI haiM jinakA rUpa avyavasthita hotA hai-ve kahIM sarasa, kahI nIrasa, kahIM madhyama svAdavAlI hotI haiM isa prakAra kI racanAoM ko AcArya rAjazekhara kapitthapAka kahate haiN| isa pAka meM kadAcit kisI prakAra kI sUktiyA~ bhI mila sakatI haiN| AcArya bhAmaha ke kAvyAlaMkAra' meM bhI kapitthapAka vAlI racanA kA ullekha milatA hai|2 AcArya bhAmaha kI dRSTi meM isa pAka kA svarUpa ahRdya hai| isa prakAra kI racanA ke avagAhana meM vidvAn bhI saralatApUrvaka samartha nahIM hote| yaha pAka rasayukta hone para bhI ramaNIyatA tathA zobhA se rahita hotA hai| vibhinna vastuoM ke svAda ke samAna hI svAda athavA sarasatA nIrasatA se sambandha hone ke kAraNa ina vibhinna prakAra kI racanAoM ko una vastuoM kA hI nAma diyA gayA hai| kapitthapAka ke sambandha meM bhAmaha ke vicAroM se rAjazekhara kA virodha pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki bhAmaha kA kapitthapAka sarasa hone para bhI manohArI nahIM hai, kintu rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM kAvya meM sarasatA hI grAhya hai| vibhinna prakAra kI racanAoM athavA pAkoM kA ullekha anya AcAryoM ke granthoM meM bhI milatA hai| 'agnipurANa' meM ubhayaguNa ke bheda rUpa meM svIkRta pAka ke mRdvIkA, nAlikera tathA ambupAka Adi 1. anavasthitapAkaM punaH kpitthpaakmaannti| tatra palAladhUnanena annknnlaabhvtsubhaassitlaabhH| (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya) 2 ahRdyamasunirbhedaM rasavattve'pyapezalam kAvyaM kapitthamAmaM yat keSAJcit tAdRzaM ythaa| 62 / kAvyAlaGkAra-bhAmaha (paJcama pariccheda)

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[118] bheda haiN|| isa grantha meM kAvya kI sarvazreSThatA kI sthiti mRdvIkA pAka ko mAnA gayA hai| Adi tathA anta donoM meM sarasatA isa pAka kA vaiziSTya hai| abhyAsI kavi kA nAlikera, mRdvIkA, sahakAra Adi vAkyapAka bhojarAja kA praur3hi guNa hai / ina pAkoM ko unhoMne pAkabhakti nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA hai| inameM Adi meM asvAdu tathA anta meM svAdu mRvIkA pAka hai-Adi tathA anta donoM meM svAdu nAlikera pAka hai tathA Adi meM svAdu, madhya meM svAdutara tathA anta meM svAdutama AmrapAka hai 3 AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM nAlikera pAka zreSTha hai kyoMki vaha Adi se anta taka svAdu hai / / bhojarAja kI dRSTi meM Adi, madhya, anta meM kramaza: svAdu, svAdutara tathA svAdutama sahakAra pAka zreSTha hai| 1 zabdArthAvupakurvANo nAmnobhayaguNaH smRtH| tasyaH prasAdaH saubhAgyaM yathAsaMkhyaM prazasyatA / 18 / pAko rAga iti prAjJai SaTa prpnycvipnycitaaH| uccaiH pariNatiH kA'pi pAka ityabhidhIyate / 22 / mRdvIkAnArikelAmbupAkabhedA caturvidhaH AdAvante ca saurasyaM mRdvIkApAka eva saH / 24 / (dazama adhyAya) (agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga) 2 praur3hi zabdaguNa ukteH prauDhaH parIpAkaH procyate prauDhisaMjJayA atra prakRtisthakomalakaThorebhyo nAgaropanAgaragrAmyebhyo vA padebhyo'bhyuddhatAdInAM grAmyAdInAmubhayeSAM vA padAnAmAvApodvApAbhyAM sannivezacArUtvena yo'yamAbhyAsiko nAlikerIpAko mRdvIkApAka ityAdirvAkyaparIpAka: mA prauddhirityucyte| sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja) (prathama pariccheda) 3 mRdvIkAnArikerAmrapAkAdyAH pAkabhakyaH / 125 / (peja - 273) pAkaktiSu AdAvasvAdu ante svAdu mRhIkApAkam Adyantayo svAdu nArikalIpAkam AdimadhyAnteSu svAdu svAdatara gvAdatamamityAmrapAkam (sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja) (paJcama pariccheda) peja - 3531) 4. AdyantayoH svAdu naalikerpaamiti| (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya)

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[119] agnipurANa meM mRdvIkApAka ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| paNDitarAja jagannAtha kI dRSTi meM bhI mRdvIkApAka hI zreSTha hai jisakI racanA unake atirikta anya koI nahIM kara sakatA 2 AcArya mahimabhaTTa ke vyaktiviveka meM do anya pArkoMoM kA ullekha milatA hai ve haiM ikSupAka tathA jambUpAka / inhoMne ikSu tathA jambUphala ke svAda vAlI kAvyaracanA karane vAle bhartRmeNTha Adi kaviyoM ko zreSTha mAnA hai 3 isa prakAra kAvyazAstrIya jagat meM AcArya rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA meM vibhinna pAkoM ke vivecana ke atirikta anyatra tIna hI pAka vivecita haiM mRdvIkA, nAlikera tathA sahakAra jinheM AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi ke lie sarvathA grAhya mAnA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke grantha kA abhyAsI kavi se hI sambandha hai isI kAraNa usameM sarvathA grAhya pArkoMoM ke atirikta saMskArya tathA tyAjya pAkoM kA bhI vivecana hai jisase abhyAsI kavi heya tathA upAdeya pAkoM ko pRthaka kara heya pAkoM se apane ko bacA sake tathA apanI racanA ko upAdeya pAkoM se sambaddha kara sake / jambUpAka tathA ikSupAka kevala mahimabhaTTa dvArA ullikhita hai| anya kavi zikSAe~ kaviyoM kA kAvya racanA kAlaH - kAvyazAstrIya jagat meM kavi se sambaddha vibhinna navIna viSayoM kA samAveza sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' se milatA hai- kyoMki yaha grantha kaviyoM ke svarUpa ke paripUrNa vivecana se sambaddha hai| nizcaya hI samasAmayika kaviyoM ke AcaraNoM ke 1. AdAvante ca saurasyaM mRdvIkApAka eva saH / 24 / 2 dazama adhyAya (agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga) mRdvIkAmadhyanirvanmasRNarasajharImAdhurIbhAgyabhAjAm, vAcAmAcAryatAyAH padamanubhavituM ko'sti dhanyo madanya // rasagaGgAdhara (paNDitarAja jagannAtha) pRSTha 294 - 3. puNDrekSI paripAkapANDuniviDe yo madhyame parvaNi khyAtaH kiJca rasaH kaSAyamadhuro yo rAjajambUphalaM / tasyAsvAdadazAviluNThanapaTuryeSAM vaco vibhramaH sarvatraiva jayanti citramatayaste bhartRmeNThAdayaH // vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTTa) dvitIya vimarza - pRSTha 214 samyagabhyasyataH kAvyaM navadhA paripacyate hAnopAdAnasUtreNa vibhajetaddhi buddhimAn // ayamatraiva ziSyANAM darzitastrividhA vidhiH, kintu vividhamapyetattrijagatyasya vartate // (kAvyamImAMsA - paJcama adhyAya)

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[120] gambhIra adhyayana ke pariNAmasvarUpa tathA svayaM kavi hone ke kAraNa apane hI pariveza ke AdhAra para AcArya rAjazekhara ne vibhinna navIna viSayoM ko apane grantha meM prastuta kiyA hogA / kaviyoM ke kAvyaracanA kAla ke AdhAra para unakA vibhAga bhI kAvyazAstra ke itihAsa meM navIna viSaya hai / buddhimAn tathA AhArya buddhi ziSyoM ke kavi rUpa kA kAvyaracanA kAla kI dRSTi se AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhinna bhinna rUpa prastuta kiyA hai| yaha prastutIkaraNa kaviyoM dvArA kAvyaracanA ke lie prayukta avasaroM se sambaddha hai| kaviyoM kA kevala kAvyaracanA ke hI kArya meM saMlagna ho jAnA tathA kevala isI kArya taka apane ko sImita rakhanA Avazyaka nahI hai| anya vibhinna kAryoM meM bhI saMlagnatA ke AdhAra para unake dvArA kAvya racanA ke lie prayukta avasaroM meM vividhatA ho sakatI hai| kAvyaracanA ke lie pratibhA Adi hetuoM ke hone para bhI mAnasika ekAgratA kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai isa mAnasika ekAgratA kA sabhI samaya sabhI kaviyoM ko upalabdha honA Avazyaka nahIM hai / kAvyaracanA ke lie prApta avasaroM kI vividhatA ke AdhAra para kevala kAvyaracanA meM hI saMlagna ekAnta priya asUryampazya kavi, kevala apanI icchA ke AdhAra para kAvya racanA karane vAle niSaNNa kavi, kAvyaracanA meM vizeSa rUci ke kAraNa apane anya kAryoM se avaziSTa samaya meM kAvyakartA dattAvasara kavi tathA viziSTa avasaroM kI upasthiti para hI kAvyacanA karane vAle prAyojanika kavi isa prakAra kA vibhAga AcArya rAjazekhara ne apane grantha meM prastuta kiyA hai| - kaviyoM kA asUryampazya rUpa viziSTa abhidhAna unakI ekAnta priyatA kA sUcaka hai / yaha ekAntapriya, kevala kAvyaracanA rUpa uddezya se hI sambaddha kavi pUrNatama ekAnta kI icchA se guphAoM athavA bhUmigRhAdi meM praveza karate haiN| ekAntasthAna meM sadA nivAsa unheM sadaiva mAnasika ekAgratA bhI pradAna karatA hai jo kAvyaracanA ke lie Avazyaka tatva hai| sadA citta kI sthiratA evam ekAgratA rUpa

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[121] vaiziSTya tathA kevala kAvya racanA rUpa kArya se hI sambandha ina kaviyoM ko sabhI kAloM meM kAvyaracanA kI sAmarthya pradAna karatA hai| niSaNNa kaviyoM kA kAvyanirmANa ke lie guphA Adi meM praveza nahIM hotA / ve kAvyanirmANa ke lie pUrNata: apanI icchA kA Azraya lete haiM / apanI icchA kI preraNA se kisI bhI samaya kAvyanirmANa meM pravRtta hone ke kAraNa isa prakAra ke kaviyoM kA bhI kAvyaracanA kA nizcita kAla nirdhAraNa sambhava nahI hai / icchA niyaMtrita pravRtti nahIM hai - jisa samaya icchA jAgarUka ho usI samaya kAvyanirmANa se sambandha hone ke kAraNa ina kaviyoM kA sadA hI kAvyanirmANa kAla hotA hai / isa prakAra ina kaviyoM ke kAvya racanAkAla kA vaiziSTya hai kaviyoM kI icchA kA aashry| 'dattAvasara' kavi kA nAma hI usake svarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa karatA hai / kevala kAvyanirmANa se hI sambaddha kaviyoM ke atirikta anya kAryakartAoM kA bhI kavitva sambhava hai 3 kAvya kA nirmANa kavi ko apane anya kAryoM ko pUrNata: tyAga dene ke lie hI bAdhya nahIM karatA - yadyapi kAvya apanI racanA ke samaya kavi kI pUrNa mAnasika ekAgratA kI apekSA rakhatA hai / kevala kAvya nirmANa ke lie ekAnta sthAna ko nivAsa banAkara anya sabhI kAryoM se nivRtta ho jAnA sabhI ke lie sambhava nahIM hai / phira bhI kavitva preraNA ke kAvya nirmANa ke lie prerita karane para anya kAryoM meM saMlagna vyakti bhI avasara prApta hone para kAvya nirmANa meM pravRtta hote haiM - kAvya nirmANa ke lie viSayoM se nivRtta ekAgracitta kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai / kAvyanirmANa ke atirikta anya kAryoM meM bhI saMlagna rahane vAle kavi kI na to sadA 1 yo guhAgarbhabhUmigRhAdipravezAnnaiSThikavRttiH kavate, asAvasUryampazyastasya sarve kAlA: (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya ) 2. yaH kAvyakriyAyAmabhiniviSTa : kavate na ca naiSThikavRttiH sa niSaNNastasyApi ta eva kAlAH / 3 yaH sevAdikamavirUndhAnaH kavate, sa dattAvasarastasya katipaye kAlAH / nizAyAsturIyo yAmArddhaH sa hi sArasvato muhUrtaH / bhojanAntaH sauhityaM hi svAsthyamupasthApayati , vyavAyoparamaH yadArtivinivRttirekamekAgratAyatanaM pANyAnayAtrA viSayAntaradhinibattama hi cittaM yatra yatra praNidhIyate tatra tatra gaharIlAgama lagati / yadA gadA cAtmanaH kSaNikAM manyate sa sa kAvyakaraNakAla: (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya)

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[122] mAnasika ekAgratA sambhava hai na hI viSayoM se citta kI nivatti / isI kAraNa usake kAvya nirmANa ke kucha nizcita samaya hI ho sakate haiM / AcArya rAjazekhara ne isa prakAra ke kavi ke lie kucha nizcita samaya nirdhArita kie haiM - jaise rAtri ke caturtha prahara kA ardhabhAga arthAt pUrNavizrAmadAyinI nidrA ke anantara zramanivRtti ke kAraNa kavi ko pUrNa mAnasika ekAgratA pradAna karane vAlA sArasvata muhUrta / icchAoM kI tRpti ke anantara mana kI ekAgratA sambhava hone se bhojana tathA ramaNa ke bAda kA samaya / AcArya rAjazekhara ne lambI vAhana yAtrA ko bhI kavi kI kAvya racanA ke upayukta samaya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| anya kAryo meM bhI saMlagna kavi kI vAhana yAtrA ke samaya apane kAryoM se vizrAma prApta hone ke kAraNa kAvya nirmANa meM pravRtti sambhava hai| kintu lambI vAhana yAtrA kA kAvyanirmANa ke lie upayukta samaya honA usI samaya kI mAnyatA ho sakatI hai, jaba Ajakala ke se janasaMkula vAhana na rahe hoN| AcArya rAjazekhara ne nizcaya hI apane samasAmayika vAtAvaraNa ke AdhAra para yaha ullekha kiyA hogA - tatkAlIna vAhanoM kA ekAnta kaviyoM kI yAtrA ke samaya bhI unheM mana kI ekAgratA ke lie upayukta sthAna pradAna karatA rahA hogA / 'dattAvasara' kavi ke lie kAvyanirmANa ke ina nirdhArita samayoM meM mana ekAgra ho sakatA hai kintu sAtha hI mana kI ekAgratA ke atyadhika prayatna kA hI pariNAma hone ke kAraNa una kAloM meM bhI kAvya racanA kI tIvra icchA tathA rUci hI kavi ko mAnasika ekAgratA pradAna kara sakatI hai| 'prAyojanika' kavi meM kAvyanirmANa kI sAmarthya yadyapi pratyeka kAla meM vidyamAna hotI hai kintu kAvya racanA meM sambhavataH viziSTa rUci ke abhAva ke kAraNa ve sarvadA kAvyanirmANa meM pravRtta nahIM hote| unheM kucha viziSTa avasara jaise koI mAGgalika athavA zoka kA avasara athavA isI prakAra kA anya koI preraka avasara hI kAvya nirmANa kI preraNA pradAna karate haiM / 1. yarata prastuta kiMcana saMvidhAnakamuddizya kayate, sa prAyojanikastasya prayojanavazAt kAlavyavasthA / (kAvya bhImAMsA - dazama adhyAya)

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[123] AcArya rAjazekhara kA yaha vivecana nizcaya hI samasAmayika kaviyoM ke svarUpa tathA kAvya racanA kI kAlavyavasthA para hI adhika AdhArita hai / yaha vividha prakAra ke kAvya nirmAtA kavi unake sammukha avazya hI vidyamAna rahe hoMge, kintu phira bhI isa kavi vibhAga kI upAdeyatA sabhI yugoM meM tathA Adhunika yuga meM bhI haiM / ekAnta priya kevala kAvya nirmANa meM hI saMlagna kavi, ekAntapriya tathA sthiracitta na hone para bhI kAvya nirmANa ke lie apanI icchA para nirbhara rahane vAle kavi, anya kAryoM meM saMlagna hone ke sAtha hI kAvyanirmANa bhI karane vAle kavi tathA viziSTa avasaroM para hI kAvya nirmAtA kavi kI sadA sarvatra upalabdhi sambhava hai / yaha ullekha kevala unhIM kaviyoM ke kAvyaracanAkAla se sambaddha hai jo buddhimAna tathA AhAryabuddha ziSya kI avasthA se kavi banate haiN| aupadezika kavi ke lie isa prakAra kA koI kAla niyama nahIM hai, usakA kavitva daivAdhIna hai| jisa samaya kAvyanirmANa kI daivI preraNA prApta ho kevala usI samaya vaha kAvya nirmANa meM samartha hai / AcArya rAjazekhara kA kathana hai ki aupadezika kavi kI icchA hI usakA kAvyaracanA kAla hai, kintu yahAM icchA kA tAtparya daivI zakti kI preraNA se hai, sAmAnya icchA se nhiiN| kavi kI dinacaryA : kavi kI dinacaryA rUpa navIna viSaya sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara ke kavi zikSA grantha kAvyamImAMsA meM hI vivecita hai| kevala kAvya nirmANa hI nahIM kisI bhI kArya kA pUrNa vyavasthita rUpa usake niyamita rUpa se kie jAne para hI sambhava hai ? AcArya rAjazekhara ke grantha kA prArambhika kaviyoM kI zikSA se hI adhika sambandha hone ke kAraNa usameM vivecita dinacaryA ko yadyapi prArambhika kavi ke kAryoM se hI sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki prArambhika kavi ke lie kAvya nirmANa meM pUrNa abhyasta 1. buddhimadAhAryabuddhyoriyaM niyamamudrA / aupadezikasya punaricchaiva sarve kAlAH, sarvAzca niyamamudrAH / (kAvyamImAMsA- dazama adhyAya) 2. aniyatakAlAH pravRttayo viplavante tasmAddivasaM nizAm ca yAmakrameNa caturdA vibhajet / (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya)

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[124] hone ke lie kAvya sambandhI kAryoM kI niyamitatA adhika Avazyaka hai kintu kAvya sambandhI kAryoM ke niyamana kI AvazyakatA zreSTha kAvyanirmANa hetu sabhI kaviyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne dina, rAtri kA praharoM ke AdhAra para cAra cAra vibhAga karake kavi ke vibhinna kArya nirdhArita kie haiM / unake dvArA nirdhArita kAvya sambandhI kAryoM ke pAMca vibhAga haiN| ka. ekAnta vidyAgRha Adi meM kAvya kI vidyAoM upavidyAoM kA anuzIlana, kha. kAvyagoSThI meM kAvyajJAtAoM ke samparka meM kAvyasambandhI samasyAoM kA vivecana, ga. kAvyanirmANa kA abhyAsa jisameM sundara akSaroM kA abhyAsa tathA citra kAvya kA nirmANa bhI sammilita hai| gha. nirmita kAvya kI punaH parIkSA tathA truTiyoM ko dUra karate hue kAvya kA saMzodhana jaise adhika padoM kA tyAga, nyUna padoM kA pUraNa, anyathA sthita pada kA parivartana tathA vismRta pada kA anusndhaan| dUsare zabdoM meM kAvya meM pada saMghaTanA sambandhI doSoM kA sudhAra U kAvya kA lekhana kArya / kavi ke kArya rAtri ke cuturtha prahara arthAta brAhma muhUrta meM jAgaraNa se prArambha hote haiM / 1 brAhmI arthAt sarasvatI kA pratibodhaka hone ke kAraNa rAtri kA caturtha prahara brAhmamuhUrta kahalAtA hai| mana kI nirmalatA, ekAgratA tathA buddhi kA prasAda isa muhUrta meM jAgaraNa ke hI pariNAma haiN| brAhma muhUrta meM jAgaraNa se hI kavi ke mAnasa meM vibhinna arthoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa tathA navIna arthoM kA udbhava hotA hai| rAtri ke isa caturtha prahara meM yadyapi mana kI nirmalatA svAbhAvika hai phira bhI mana kI pUrNa sAtvikatA ke lie sandhyAvandana tathA sarasvatI strota ke pATha ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi ke isa prahara ke kArya rUpa meM pradarzita kiyA hai| kAvya kI devI sarasvatI ke mAnasa meM udbodha hetu kAvya- nirmANa se sambaddha kAryo ko Arambha karane se pUrva usakI ArAdhanA ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| kavi ke dina ke prathama prahara kA kArya hai kAvya sambandhI vibhinna viSayoM vyAkaraNa, nAmakoza, chandaH zAstra, alaMkAra zAstra Adi ke jJAna ke lie kAvya kI vibhinna vidyAoM, upavidyAoM kA ekAnta 1. ma prAtarutthAya kRtasandhyAvarivasyaH sArasvatam sUktamadhIyIta / (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya)

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[125] sthAna vidyAgRha Adi meM anuzIlana / / vibhinna vidyAoM ke anuzIlana kI kavi ko pratibhA kA astitva hone para bhI usake abhivardhana ke lie, vibhinna viSayoM meM vyutpanna hone ke lie tathA kAvya saMghaTanA ke aucityapUrNa nirmANa kI kSamatA prApta karane ke lie mahatI AvazyakatA hai| nirantara kAvyasambandhI vivecana se sambaddha rahane ke kAraNa kavi ke mAnasa meM kAvya sambandhI vibhinna jijJAsAoM evaM samasyAoM kA utpanna honA sambhava hai| ata: pUrNataH sandeha rahita mana se kAvyanirmANa meM saMlagna hone ke lie kAvyajJAtAoM kI saMgati meM kAvyagoSThI meM pravRtta hokara apanI sabhI samasyAoM kA praznottaroM dvArA samAdhAna kavi kA dina ke dvitIya prahara kA kArya hai / 2 kAvyasambandhI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke pazcAt hI kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa meM pravRtta hone kA aucitya hai| dina ke tRtIya prahara ke kArya kAvya nirmANa ke abhyAsa se sambaddha haiN| ina kAryoM ke antargata hI AcArya rAjazekhara ne citra kAvya ke nirmANa tathA sundara akSaroM ke abhyAsa ko bhI sammilita kiyA hai jo kavi kI prArambhika avasthA se sambaddha kArya haiM 3 isa prahara meM rasAveza meM racita kAvya zabdasaMghaTanA Adi ke prati citta kI anavadhAnatA ke kAraNa truTiyukta ho sakatA hai| racita kAvya kA punaH parIkSaNa tathA truTiyoM kA saMzodhana kavi ke dina ke caturtha prahara ke kAryoM ke antargata svIkRta hai| rasAveza meM racita kAvya adhika padoM kI sthiti, padoM kA nyUna honA, padoM kI anyathAsthiti (ucita sthAna se atirikta sthiti) athavA padoM kA vismaraNa Adi truTiyoM se yukta ho sakatA hai| isa prahara meM kavi ko truTiyoM ko dUra karake kAvya ko chanda tathA zabda saMghaTanA kI dRSTi se pUrNataH zuddha banAne kI AvazyakatA hai| 1. tato vidyAvasathe yathAsukhamAsInaH kAvyasya vidyA upvidyaashcaanushiilyedaaprhraat| na hyevaM vidhamanyatpratibhAheturyathA prtygrsNskaarH| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya ) 2 dvitIye kaavykriyaam| upamadhyAhUM nAyAdavirUddham bhuJjIta c| bhojanAnte kAvyagoSThI prvrtyet| kadAcicca praznottarANi bhindiit| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya ) 3. kAvyasamasyA dhAraNA, mAtRkAbhyAsaH, citrA yogA ityaayaamtrym| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) 4. caturtha ekAkinaH parimitapariSado vA pUrvAhrabhAgavihitasya kAvyasya priikssaa| rasAvezataH kAvyaM viracayato na ca vivekatrI dRssttistsmaadnupriiksset| adhikasya tyAgo, nyUnasya pUraNam, anyathAsthitasya parivartanam, prasmRtasyAnusandhAnam cetyhiinm| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya )

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[126] pUrNata: parIkSita kAvya ke sAyaMkAla rAtri hone taka lekhana kArya se kavi ke kAvyaracanA sambandhI kAryo kA samApana svIkRta hai| 1 kAvya kA lekhana use surakSita rakhane ke lie parama Avazyaka hai| sAyaMkAla kI AcArya rAjazekhara ne kevala nirmita kAvya ke lekhana hetu hI upAdeyatA svIkAra kI hai kyoMki dinabhara ke parizrama ke pazcAt kAvya nirmANa Adi mAnasika kAryoM ko karanA kaThina ho sakatA hai / madhyAhna meM snAna tathA prakRti ke anukUla bhojana kavi ke svacchatA evaM svAsthya se sambaddha kArya haiN| svacchatA evaM svAsthya kA kavi ke mAnasa para vizeSa prabhAva par3atA hai| snAna se zarIra kI svacchatA ke sAtha-sAtha mana kA bhI caitanya sarvamAnya hai| prakRti ke anukUla bhojana kI AvazyakatA kavi ke svAsthya ke lie svIkRta hai| mana ko svastha, prasanna, nirmala tathA ekAgra rakhane ke lie zarIra kA svAsthya parama Avazyaka hai| kavi kI dinacaryA meM zrama se nivRtti kA bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ne mahatva svIkAra kiyA hai| dinabhara ke parizrama ke pazcAt zrama se nivRtti na hone kA kavi ke svAsthya para bhI anucita prabhAva par3a sakatA hai isI kAraNa rAtri ke prathama prahara ke kArya ke antargata ramaNa Adi kAryoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| zarIra ke zrama kI nivRtti tathA pUrNa svAsthya ke lie pragAr3ha nidrA kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne isI kAraNa rAtri ke dvitIya, tRtIya prahara meM pUrNa vizrAma dAyinI nidrA ko kavi ke lie Avazyaka batalAyA hai| kavi ke dainika kAryoM se sambaddha vibhinna zikSAe~ yadyapi AcArya kSemendra ke 'kavikaNThAbharaNa' meM bhI milatI haiM, unake anusAra kavi kI caryA bauddhika vikAsa kA bAhya sahAyaka sAdhana hai| unhoMne kavitva prApti ke aneka divya upAya pradarzita kie haiM tathA kavi ke lie prabhAta meM jAgaraNa, vrata, tyAga, gaNeza pUjana, zreSTha kaviyoM kA satsaMga, sajjana maitrI, mIThA snigdha bhojana, dina meM na sonA, garmI ThaNDaka se bacAva, sabhA, yajJa, vidyAgRhoM meM ThaharanA, apanI racita kRtiyoM kA saMzodhana tathA bIca-bIca meM 1. sAyaM sandhyAmupAsIta sarasvatIM ca tato divA vihitaparIkSitasyAbhilekhamApradoSAt / (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya )

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[127] vizrAma Adi Avazyaka kArya svIkAra kie haiN| kintu kavi kI dinacaryA kA praharoM para AdhArita niyamita vibhAga AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke atirikta anyatra nahIM miltaa| zreSTha kAvyaracayitA ke lie dinacaryA kA yaha vibhAga paramAvazyaka hai| kavi kA svabhAva: pratyeka kavi ke kAvya kA usake svabhAva ke vaiziSTya se prabhAvita honA anivArya hai| AcArya kuntaka kI to dhAraNA hai ki vividha kaviyoM ke vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa unake svabhAva ke vaiziSTya se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa vividha prakAra ke hote haiN| yadyapi sabhI kaviyoM ke svabhAva meM eka hI prakAra kI vizeSatAoM kA honA sambhava nahIM hai| kintu svabhAva kI kucha vizeSatAoM ko apanAne kA prayatna pratyeka prArambhika kavi ke lie Avazyaka hai| svabhAva ko sAtvika banAne ke lie kucha vizeSatAe~ AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA pradarzita kI gayI hai jinake astitva kI anivAryatA sabhI prArambhika kaviyoM ke lie hai / svabhAva se sambaddha yaha upAdeya vaiziSTya haiM - smitapUrvaka bhASaNa, saba prakAra se uktigarbha vArtAlApa, sabhI rahasyoM ko jAnane kI icchA, dUsaroM ke doSoM kA binA carcA uThe kathana na karanA tathA carcA uThane para yathArtha samAlocanA 2 smita pUrvaka bhASaNa kavi kI mAnasika prasannatA ko, uktigarbha vArtAlApa usake gAmbhIrya ko, rahasyoM ke anveSaNa kA svabhAva usakI jijJAsA ko tathA dUsaroM ke doSoM ke viSaya meM mauna tathA avasara upasthita hone para yathArtha samAlocanA usake pakSapAta rAhitya tathA yathArtha samAlocanA kI kSamatA ko vyakta karate haiN| svabhAva kI sAtvikatA ko AcArya kSemendra ne bhI bauddhika vikAsa ke Antarika sahAyaka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unakI sau zikSAoM meM kavi ke svabhAva ke saMskAra se sambaddha vibhinna zikSAe~ haiM. kavi ke lie apanA svabhAva ziSTa, utsAha pUrNa tathA adIna banAne kA prayatna karane kI 1. aharnizAvibhAgena ya itthaM kavate kRtI ekAvalIva tatkAvyaM satAM kaNTheSu lambate / 2 sa yatvasvabhAvaH kavistadanurUpaM kAvyam / yAdRzAkArazcitrakarastAdRzAkAramasya citramiti prAyo vAdaH / smitapUrvamabhibhASaNam sarvatroktigarbhamabhidhAnaM sarvato rahasyAnveSaNam, para kAvyadUSaNavaimukhyamanabhihitasya abhihitasya tu yathArthamabhidhAnam / (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya )

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[128] AvazyakatA hai| AtmavizvAsa, vinaya, sajjanamaitrI, citta kI prasannatA, rasikatA, zoka na karanA, Adara, svatantra rahanA, apane utkarSa kI tRSNA na karanA, dUsaroM ke utkarSa ko sahanA, apanI prazaMsA sunakara lajjAnubhava karanA, dUsaroM kI prazaMsA bAra bAra karanA, kisI se baira yA IrSyA na karanA, dUsaroM ke utkarSa ko sadbhAva se jItane kI icchA, vyutpatti ke lie sabakI ziSyatA svIkAra karanA, AzA, jaMjAla kA parityAga, saMtoSa, sAtvikatA, yAcanA na karanA, kAvyaracanA kA Agraha, dUsare loga yadi kabhI AkSepa kareM to use saha lenA gaMbhIratA, nirvikAratA, AtmazlAghI na honA, dIna na honA Adi prArambhika kavi ke lie AcArya kSemendra dvArA anivArya batalAe gae yaha vibhinna guNa kavi ke svabhAva ke saMskAra se tathA use sAtvika banAne se sambaddha haiN| kavi kA svAsthya : AcArya rAjazekhara kI kAvya mImAMsA meM kAvya ke ATha jIvana strota pradarzita haiN| pratibhA, bahuzrutatA, abhyAsa, bhakti, vidvatkathA, svAsthya, smRtidRr3hatA evaM utsAha / / kAvyanirmANa rUpa mAnasika kArya zArIrika svAsthya ke binA asambhava hai kyoMki mana kI ekAgratA, zAnti, smRtidRr3hatA evaM kAvyaracanA meM utsAha sabhI ke lie svAsthya kI prAthamika AvazyakatA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA pradarzita kavi kI dinacaryA meM prAtaH jAgaraNa, prakRti ke anukUla bhojana, zrama nivRtti evaM pragAr3ha nidrAkavi ke svAsthya se hI sambaddha nirdeza haiM / svastha zarIra ke lie ina sabhI kI upAdeyatA svIkAra kI gayI hai| isake atirikta AcArya kSemendra ke 'kavikaNThAbharaNa' se bhI kavi ko zArIrika svAsthya se sambaddha vibhinna nirdeza prApta hote haiM jaise mIThA aura snigdha bhojana, vAta, pitta evaM kapha kI samatA rUpa dhAtusAmya, prAtaH jAgaraNa, dina meM na sonA tathA uSNatA evaM zIta se zarIra kI rkssaa| 1. svAsthyaM pratibhAbhyAso bhaktirvidvatkathA bahuzrutatA smRtirdADharyamanirvedazca mAtaro'STau kavitvasya / (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya ) 2 kavicaryA--------sa prAtarutthAya kRtasandhyAvarivasyaH... .............. upamadhyAhnaM snAyAdaviruddhaM bhuJjIta ca dvitIya tRtIyau sAdhu shyiit| samyaksvApo vapuSaH vrmaarogyaay| caturthe saprayatnaM prtibudhyet| brAhma muhUrte manaH prsiidttaaNstaanrthaandhykssytiityaahoraatrikm| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya )

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[129] kavi kI svacchatA : kAvya kI AdhArabhUta sarasvatI ke sammAna ke lie evaM mAnasika sAtvikatA kI prApti ke lie kAvyaracanA meM pravRtta hone se pUrva sarvathA svacchatA evaM pavitratA kI kavi ke lie anivAryatA hai / isI kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyanirmANa se pUrva vANI, mana evaM zarIra tInoM ko svaccha evaM pavitra rakhane kA kavi ko nirdeza diyA hai| zAstroM ke nitya adhyayana evaM abhyAsa se jJAna saMvardhana ke dvArA kavi kI vANI tathA mana kI pavitratA svayaM hI sambhava hai| isake atirikta zarIra kI svacchatA kA mana ke vicAroM evaM bhAvoM para vizeSa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| isI kAraNa zarIra ko pUrNataH svaccha rakhane kI tathA svaccha vastra dhAraNa karane kI AvazyakatA sabhI yugoM ke kaviyoM ke lie hai| kintu zArIrika svacchatA ke saMdarbha meM vyakta AcArya rAjazekhara kA vicAra unakI samasAmayika paristhiti ko sammukha upasthita karatA hai| vaha samaya rAjyAzrita kaviyoM kA hI adhika thaa| tAmbUlayukta mukha, sugandhita lepoM se lipta zarIra, mUlyavAn tathA svaccha vastra evaM zira para sugandhita puSpa se samanvita kavi kA svarUpa kaviyoM kI tatkAlIna samRddhi kA hI paricAyaka hai| phira bhI kAvyanirmANa ke lie kavi kI zArIrika svacchatA kI AvazyakatA kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, yadyapi kavi ke zArIrika zrRMgAra kA jaisA varNana AcArya rAjazekhara ne prastuta kiyA hai usase sambaddha mAnyatAe~ pratyeka yuga meM bhinna ho sakatI hai| kisI yuga meM kaviyoM kA atyadhika samRddha na honA bhI sambhava hai phira bhI usake lie zarIra tathA vastroM kI svacchatA kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| AcArya kSemendra ke grantha meM vivecita suveSa sa vacchatA se sambaddha nirdeza hI hai| kavi ke paricAraka, paricArikAe~, sambandhI evam mitra : AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi ke paricAraka, paricArikAoM, mitroM evaM sambandhiyoM ke viziSTa bhASAoM meM niSNAta hone kA vivecana kiyA hai tathA kavi ke paricArakoM ke lie apabhraMza bhASA, paricArikAoM ke lie mAgadha bhASA, anta:pura kI striyoM ke lie prAkRta tathA saMskRta bhASA evaM mitroM ke 1. api na nityaM zuciH syaat| tridhA ca zaucaM vAkzaucaM manaHzaucaM, kAyazaucaM c| prathame shaastrjnmnii| tArtIyIkaM tu managvachedaupAdau, satAmbUlaM mukhaM savilepanamAtraM vapuH, mahArhamanulvaNaM ca vAsaH sakusumaM zira iti / zaci cizIlanaM hi sarasvatyAH sNvnnmaamnnti| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya)

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[130] lie sabhI bhASAoM kA jJAna Avazyaka batalAyA hai| kavi ke sambandhiyoM kI bhASA se sambaddha isa vivecana ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita bhASAoM kI sthiti kA jJAna hotA hai evam mahatva kI dRSTi se bhASAoM ko saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA mAgadhI ke krama meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| paricArikoM, bhRtyoM Adi kI upasthiti tatkAlIna kavi ko rAjasI jIvana se sambaddha rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai kyoMki kevala rAjyAzrita, pUrNataH samRddha kavi ke hI paricAraka, paricArikA, bhRtya Adi ho sakate haiM, sAmAnya kavi ke nahIM kavi ke paricArakoM Adi kA vibhinna bhASAoM se sambaddha jJAna rAjasI jIvana se pRthak kavi ke lie isI tAtparya ko vyakta karatA hai ki kavi ko apane samaya meM samAja meM pracalita sabhI bhASAoM kA jJAna honA caahie| kavi kA sahAyaka lekhaka : sambhavata: AcArya rAjazekhara ke samaya meM kaviyoM ke kAvya kI parIkSA hetu choTI bar3I kAvyasabhAoM kA Ayojana hotA thA jisameM kAvyapATha ke dvArA kavi ke kAvya kA saMskAra evaM zuddhatA sambhava thii| kAvyapATha karate samaya svayaM hI apane kAvya kA sabhA ke dvArA kie gae saMskAra ke AdhAra para lekhana kArya kavi ke lie kaThina rahA hogaa| isI kAraNa sabhA meM paThita kAvya ke saMskAra evaM vizuddhi ke anantara usake lekhana kArya hetu kavi ke lie eka sahAyaka lekhaka kI AvazyakatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| kavi ke isa sahAyaka meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne sabhI bhASAoM meM nipuNatA, zIghra bolanA, sundara akSara likhanA, iGgita ko samajhanA, vibhinna lipiyoM kA jJAna evaM lAkSaNikatA Adi guNa Avazyaka batalAe hai| kAvyasabhA meM pUrNataH saMskRta evaM vizuddha kAvya ke lekhana hetu sahAyaka kI AvazyakatA svIkAra karane ke pazcAt bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ke 'rAtri Adi meM sahAyaka ke samIpa upasthita na rahane para usake vibhinna bhASAoM meM kuzala sambandhI usake kAvya kA lekhana kara sakate haiM 2' isa kathana ke AdhAra para kavi ke sahAyaka lekhaka kI AvazyakatA ko kevala sabhA kI parIkSA ke 1. apabhraMzabhASaNapravaNaH paricArakavarga: samAgadhabhASAbhinivezinyaH paricArikAH prAkRtasaMskRtabhASAvid Anta:purikA, mitrANi cAsya sarvabhASAvindi bhaveyuH (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya ) 2 sadaH saMskAravizuddhayartha sarvabhASAkuzala: zIghravAk, cArvakSaraH, iGgitAkAravedI nAnAlipijJaH kaviH lAkSaNikazca lekhaka: syaat| tadasannidhAvatirAtrAdiSu puurvoktaanaamnytmH| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya )

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[131] AdhAra para saMskAra sahita kAvyalekhana ke hI antargata sImita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, balki kavi ke kArya ko sarala banAne ke lie eka sahAyaka lekhaka kI AvazyakatA kavi ke sabhAoM meM kAvyapATha karane ke atirikta samayoM meM bhI svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kA samaya rAjyAzrita kaviyoM se hI adhika sambaddha hai, ve svayaM bhI rAjyAzrita kavi the| tatkAlIna samAja meM ina rAjyAzrita kaviyoM ko sahAyaka Adi kI suvidhA bhI avazya rahI hogI jo kucha nizcita samaya ke lie kavi ke samIpa rahate hoM evaM sabhAoM Adi meM kavi ke sAtha jAte rahe hoN| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi kI dinacaryA meM kAvyalekhana kA eka nizcita samaya nirdhArita kara diyA hai| ataH rAtri Adi meM usake kAvyalekhana kA kArya jo usake sahAyaka ke abhAva meM usake sambandhI karate haiM isI tAtparya ko vyakta karatA hai ki prArambhika kaviyoM ko apane kAvyasambandhI kAryoM ko pUrNa vyavasthita tathA niyamita banAne ke lie niyamita dinacaryA kI AvazyakatA hai jisameM kAvya vidyAoM ke jJAna evaM kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa kA bhI sthAna hai kintu kAvyavidyAoM ke pUrNa jJAtA, pUrNa abhyasta kavi kA kisI bhI samaya kAvyanirmANa evaM kAvyalekhana sambhava hai isI kAraNa unheM kAvya ke lekhanakartA sahAyaka kI AvazyakatA kisI bhI samaya ho sakatI hai| prArambhika avasthA ke kavi prayatna pUrvaka kAvya nirmANa karate haiM, ata: unake kAvyanirmANa evaM kAvyalekhana kA nizcita samaya nirdhArita karanA sambhava hai, kintu kAvya ke bhAvodaya evaM zabda, artha Adi kAvyasAmagriyoM kI mAnasa meM udbhAvanA hetu jinheM prayatna nahIM karanA par3atA una pUrNa kaviyoM ke mAnasa meM jisa samaya kAvya kA bhAvodaya ho usI samaya unheM kAvyanirmANa tathA kAvyalekhana kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| kAvya kI lekhana sAmagrI : kAvya lekhana hetu Avazyaka lekhana sAmagriyoM kA kavi ke samIpa sadA upasthita rahanA anivArya hai kyoMki mAnasika kAvyanirmANa ke pazcAt lekhana sAmagrI ke abhAva meM use likhita rUpa na de sakane ke kAraNa usake vismata ho jAne kI bhI sambhAvanA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne apane samaya kI paristhiti ke anukUla tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita lekhana sAmagriyoM kI kavi ke lie AvazyakatA svIkAra kI hai| ina sAmagriyoM meM banda hone vAle piTaka, khar3iyA, sleTa, Dibbe, kalama-dAvAta,

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[132] tAr3apatra, bhUrjapatra, kIloM se guMthe tAlapatra evaM sApha cikanI dIvAreM sammilita haiN|1 yadyapi ina lekhana sAmagriyoM kA rUpa pratyeka yuga meM pracalita bhinna sAmagriyoM ke AdhAra para pRthak ho sakatA hai kintu kAvyalekhana hetu lekhana sAmagrI pratyeka yuga ke kavi ke lie Avazyaka hai| kucha AcAryoM ne ina lekhana sAmagriyoM ko kAvyAvidyA kI sAmagrI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai kintu AcArya rAjazekhara kAvyanirmANa ke Avazyaka upakaraNa ke rUpa meM kevala pratibhA kI hI anivAryatA svIkAra karate haiM 2 lekhana sAmagrI ke samIpa upasthita rahane para bhI mana meM kAvya ke zabda artha kI udbhAvikA pratibhA ke abhAva meM kAvyanirmANa asambhava hone ke kAraNa lekhana sAmagrI vyartha ho jAtI hai| ataH kAvya ke bhAvAdi kA udaya evaM kAvyanirmANa kevala pratibhA dvArA hI ho sakatA hai, lekhana sAmagrI ke samIpa upasthita rahane se hI nahIM, kintu phira bhI pratibhAzIla evaM kAvyanirmANa meM pUrNa sakSama kavi ke lie kAvya kI lekhana sAmagrI kI AvazyakatA kA bhI nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| pratibhA ko kAvyanirmANa kI pramukha sAmagrI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake bhI kAvya kI lekhana sAmagrI ko kAvyanirmANa kI gauNa sahAyaka sAmagrI kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki kAvya ko surakSita rakhane ke lie kAvyalekhana kI evaM kAvyalekhana hetu lekhana sAmagrI kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| kevala pratibhA dvArA mana meM kAvyanirmANa evaM kAvyapATha use sthAyI nahIM banAtA, balki kAvya kA lekhana hI use surakSA evaM sthAyitva pradAna karatA hai / kavi kA AvAsa : AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kavi ke AvAsa kA viziSTa rUpa upasthita hai jisameM chahoM RtuoM ke anukUla sthAna, sundara vRkSavATikAoM, krIDAparvatoM, puSkariNI, samudra tathA nadiyoM ke kRtrima Avarta, naharoM ke pravAha, mayUra, hariNa, hArila, sArasa, cakravAka, haMsa, cakora, krauJca kurara Adi pakSI evaM dhUpa, varSA se rakSA karane vAle chAyA sthAna, guphAoM, dhArAyantra, latAmaNDapa, hiMDole tathA 1. tasya sampuTikA saphalakakhaTikA, samudgakaH, salekhanIkamaSI bhAjanAni, tADipatrANi bhUrjatvaco vA, salohakaNTakAni tAladalAni susammRSTA bhittayaH satatasannihitA syuH / kAvyamImAMsA - ( dazama adhyAya) 2. 'taddhi kAvyavidyAyAH parikaraH' iti AcAryA: 'pratibhaiva parikaraH' iti yAyAvarIyaH / (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya )

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[133] jhUle Adi kI sthiti vivecita hai| yaha pUrNa sundara prAkRtika AvAsa tatkAlIna adhikAMza kaviyoM ke samRddha rAjasI jIvana kA paricAyaka hai| sambhavataH svayaM AcArya rAjazekhara Adi vibhinna rAjyAzrita kaviyoM ko isa prakAra ke AvAsa upalabdha rahe hoM, kintu sabhI kaviyoM kA AvAsa isI prakAra ho yaha sambhAvanA kama hI hai| phira bhI AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita kavi ke AvAsa kA yaha svarUpa unake isa sAmAnya tAtparya ko vyakta karatA hai ki pratyeka dRSTi se kavi kA AvAsa isa prakAra kA honA cAhie jisameM kavi ke mAnasa ke pUrNata: zAnta rahane evaM kAvyanirmANa kI ora prerita hone kI sambhAvanA ho| kavi ke AvAsa meM varNita vibhinna prAkRtika sthitiyA~ kavi kI kAvya preraNA evaM bhAvodaya hetu prakRti kI upAdeyatA kI sUcaka haiN| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prakRti kA sAmIpya kavi ko kAvya nirmANa kI preraNA de sakatA hai, akavi ko kavi nahIM banA sktaa| nirantara prakRti ke sAmIpya meM nivAsa hI sabhI ko kavi nahIM banA detA / kavi banane ke lie prAthamika AvazyakatA pratibhA kI hI hai| vibhinna janmAndha kaviyoM ke prakRti kA darzana kie binA hI zreSTha kavi banane ke dRSTAnta kAvya jagat meM milate haiN| kavi ke AvAsa meM zAnta tathA vijana sthAna kI sthiti2 usake kAvya racanA se zrAnta hone para pUrNa vizrAma evaM ekAnta milane kI AvazyakatA se sambaddha vivecana hai| vibhinna prakIrNa kavi zikSAe~ : kAvyanirmANa se pUrva kAvya kI vidyAoM, upavidyAoM ke anuzIlana ke atirikta kavi ke lie bhASA evaM viSaya kI dRSTi se apanI jJAna sImA bhI vivecya hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kavi kI jJAna sImA ke hI AdhAra para hI kI gaI kAvya racanA kI upAdeyatA svIkAra karate haiN| apane kAvya ke lie svIkRta viSaya ke sambandha meM kavi kA apUrNa jJAna usake kAvya ko sahRdayoM kI dRSTi meM upahAsAspada banA sakatA 1. tasya bhavanaM susaMmRSTaM, RtuSaTkocitvividhasthAnam, anekatarUmUlakalpitApAzrayavRkSavATikAm sakrIDAparvatakaM, sadIrghikApuSkariNIkaM, sasaritsamudrAvartakam sakulyApravAham, sabarhiNahariNahArItaM, sasArasacakravAkahaMsam, sacakorakrauJcakurarazukasArikam, dharmaklAnticauram, sabhUmidhArAgRhayantralatAmaNDapakam sadolApre ca syaat| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 2 kAvyAbhinivezakhinnasya manasastadvinirvedacchedAyAjJAmUkaparijanaM vijanaM vA tasya sthAnam kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya)

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[134j hai| viSaya ke atirikta kavi ke lie apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra hI kAvyabhASA svIkAra karane kI bhI anivAryatA hai| kisI viziSTa deza kA nivAsI hone ke AdhAra para kavi kA usa deza kI bhASA meM kAvyanirmANa svAbhAvika hai| kaviyoM kI bhASA para deza vizeSa evaM rAjyavizeSa kA prabhAva sambhavata: AcArya rAjazekhara ko parilakSita huA thA kyoMki isI saMdarbha meM unhoMne tatkAlIna vibhinna dezavAsI kaviyoM kA apane deza ke anusAra hI viziSTa bhASA meM kAvyanirmANa kA ullekha kiyA hai| tatkAlIna gaur3adezIya kaviyoM kI saMskRta meM ruci, lATadeza ke nivAsI kaviyoM kI prAkRta meM mAravADa, paMjAba ke kaviyoM kI apabhraMza meM tathA madhyadeza, AvantikA, pAriyAtra aura dazapura Adi pradezoM ke kaviyoM kI bhUtabhASA meM ruci 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM ullikhita hai| isake atirikta isI saMdarbha meM tatkAlIna madhya dezavAsI kaviyoM kA vibhinna bhASAoM meM jJAna evaM ruci kA paricaya bhI 'kAvyamImAMsA' se prApta hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kA yaha bhASA sambandhI ullekha vibhinna dezoM evaM sthAnoM kI tatkAlIna kAvya bhASAoM kA paricaya detA hai| tatkAlIna samAja meM rAjyAzrita kaviyoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara ne kaviyoM ko apane AzrayadAtA kI bhI rUciyoM kA dhyAna rakhane kA nirdeza diyA hai| rAjyAzrita kavi meM kAvyabhASA evaM kAvyaviSaya kI dRSTi se tatkAlIna samAja meM AcArya rAjazekhara ko kiJcit paratantratA avazya dRSTigata huI hogI, svayaM rAjyAzrita kavi hone ke kAraNa hI ve isa prakAra kI paratantratA kA kiJcit aucitya bhI svIkAra karate the| vibhinna rAjAoM ke anta:pura kI bhASA kA vaiziSTya unakI kAvyamImAMsA meM ullikhita hai| magadha ke zizunAga rAjA ke anta:pura kI bhASA meM Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, za Sa, ha aura kSa varjita the| sUrasena ke kuvinda rAjA ke antaHpura meM bhI bhASA ke kaThina akSaroM kA prayoga varjita thaa| kuntala deza ke sAtavAhana rAjA ke anta:pura meM prAkRta bhASA ke hI prayoga kA pracAra thA evaM ujjayinI 1. gauDAdyAH saMskRtasthAH paricitarucayaH prAkRte lATadezyA: sApabhraMzaprayogA: sakalamarUbhuvaSTakkabhAdAnakAzca AvantyAH pAriyAtrAH saha dazapurajairbhUtabhASAM bhajante yo madhye madhyadezaM nivasati sa kaviH sarvabhASAniSaNNaH kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya)

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[135] ke sAhasAMka rAjA kA anta:pura saMskRta bhASAmaya thaa| kavizikSA ke saMdarbha meM isa ullekha kA Azaya kaviyoM kI bhASA para rAjAoM ke bhASA vaiziSTya kA prabhAva parilakSita hone se sambaddha hai| kAvyasambaddha bhASA kI vibhinna dRSTiyoM se niyamitatA kevala kisI viziSTa deza athavA rAjya ke Azrita kavi ke lie hI hai, kintu vibhinna bhASAoM ke jJAtA, vibhinna dezoM meM bhramaNazIla svatantra kaviyoM ke lie bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se kisI deza vizeSa athavA rAjA kI ruci ko dhyAna meM rakhanA anivArya nahIM hai| aise kavi apanI icchAnusAra kisI bhI bhASA meM kAvyaracanA karane ke lie pUrNataH svatantra haiN| bhASA evaM viSaya kI dRSTi se apanI jJAna sImA kI vivecanazIlatA kavi kI prAthamika AvazyakatA hai| kintu isake atirikta kAvya nirmANa kAla meM lokaruci para evaM svayam apane hI vicAroM para dRSTi DAlanA bhI anivArya hai kyoMki zreSTha kAvya ko lokarUci para AdhArita hone ke sAtha hI kavi ke vicAra svAtantrya se bhI sambaddha honA caahie| kAvyaracanA loka ko lie hI adhika hotI hai, kintu lokahetu racita kAvya meM jaba lokaruci kA hI dhyAna na rakhA gayA ho to usakI lokapriyatA kI sambhAvanA kama ho jAtI hai| kAvya ke parama prayojana yaza kI prApti hetu lokarUci se sambaddha viSaya apanAnA zreyaskara hone ke sAtha hI kavi ke lie vicAra svAtantrya kI evam AtmarUci ke anurUpa viSaya svIkAra karane kI bhI anivAryatA hai, kyoMki kavi ke vicAra svAtantrya sampanna kAvya meM hI svabhavane hi bhASAniyama yathA prabhurvidadhAti tathA bhvti| zrUyate hi magadheSu zizunAge nAma rAjA, tena durUcArAnaSTauM varNAnapAsya svAntaHpura eva pravartito niyamaH TakArAdayazcatvAro mUrdhanyAstRtIyavarjamUSmANastrayaH ksskaarshceti| zrUyate ca sUraseneSu kuvindo nAma rAjA, tena paruSasaMyogAkSaravarjamantaHpura eveti samAnaM puurvenn| zrUyate ca kuntaleSu sAtavAhano nAma rAjA tena prAkRtabhASAtmaka manta:pura eveti samAna puurvenn| zrUyate cojjayinyAM sAhasAGko nAma rAjA tena ca saMskRtabhASAtmakamantaHpura eveti samAnaM puurvenn| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 2. "kaviH prathamamAtmAnameva klpyet| kiyAnme saMskAraH,kva bhASAviSaye zakto'smi, kiMrucirlokaH parivRDho vA kIdRzi goSThayAM vinItaH kvAsya vA cetaH saMsajataH iti buddhvA bhASAvizeSamAzrayeta" iti AcAryAH 'ekadezakaveriya niyamatantraNA svatantrasya punarekabhASAvat sarvA api bhASAH syuH iti yaayaavriiyH| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya)

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[136] svAbhAvikatA sambhava hai| lokanindA Adi ke bhaya se AtmavicAroM kA tiraskAra karake race gaye kAvya meM kRtrimatA adhika hotI hai| adhikAMza kaviyoM ko mRtyu prApti ke bAda hI prazaMsA prApti kI AcArya rAjazekhara kI svIkRti samAja meM sacce samAlocakoM kI bhArI kamI kI dyotaka hai|1 kaviyoM ke sambandhiyoM dvArA unake kAvya kA pUrNata: pracAra bhI isI abhiprAya ko vyakta karatA hai / kavi kI kAvyaracanA svayaM kavi ke yaza kA kAraNa hotI hai, dUsaroM ke yaza kA nahIM, kintu dUsaroM ke zabda, artha apanAkara kAvyaracanA kI tatkAlIna paramparA ne hI AcArya rAjazekhara ko vibhinna viSayoM meM kaviyoM ko sAvadhAna rahane kA nirdeza dene kI preraNA dI hogI 2 dUsaroM ke kAvya ko apane kAvya rUpa meM prastuta karane kI tatkAlIna paramparA AcArya rAjazekhara ke vistRta haraNa vivecana se prakaTa hotI hai| sacce samAlocakoM kI anupasthiti meM kaviyoM ko aise samAlocaka upalabdha ho jAte the jo satkAvya meM bhI doSa hI doSa pradarzita karake evam svayaM apane zabdoM, arthoM dvArA kavi ke kAvya ko parivartita karake usakA vAstavika svarUpa naSTa kara dete the. isa prakAra ke svayaM ko hI kavi samajhane vAle samAlocakoM se apane kAvya kI rakSA kA nirdeza kavi ko 'kAvyamImAMsA' se prApta hai| ekAkI vyakti ke samakSa athavA kavimAnI ke samakSa apanA kAvya prastuta karanA donoM hI kavi ke kAvya ke astitva ke lie hAnikAraka samajhe gae haiN| sambhavata: isI kAraNa kAvyaparIkSA hetu kAvyagoSThiyoM kI upAdeyatA svIkRta hai 13 1. gItasUktiratikrAnte stotA dezAntarasthite / pratyakSe tu kavau lokaH sAvajJaH sumahatyapi // piturgurunarendrasya sutaziSyapadAtayaH / avivicyaiva kAvyAni stuvanti ca paThanti ca // kAvyamImAMsA (dazama adhyAya) 2 'kiJca nArddhakRtaM paThedasamAptistasya phalam' iti kavirahasyam / na navInamekAkinaH purataH / sa hi svIyaM bruvANa: katareNa sAkSiNA jIyeta / 3 - kavimAninaM tu chandonuvartanena raJjayet kavimmanyasya hi purataH sUktamaraNyaruditaM syAdviplaveta c| tadAhuH idaM hi vaidagdhyarahasyamuttamaM paThenna sUktiM kavimAninaH puraH / na kevalaM tAM na vibhAvayatyasau svakAvyabandhena vinAzayatyapi // kAvyamImAMsA (dazama adhyAya) paraizca parIkSayet / yadudAsInaH pazyata na tadanuSThAteti prAyo vAdaH kAvyamImAMsA ( dazama adhyAya) -

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[137] kavi meM pakSapAta evam abhimAna Adi durguNoM kI sthiti usake kAvya ke lie hAnikAraka hai / 1 rasAveza meM racita kAvya kA punaH parIkSaNa usakI pUrNa zuddhi hetu kAvyamImAMsA meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| kavi meM apane kAvya ke vivekapUrNa parIkSaNa kI sAmarthya honA usake pakSapAta rahita svabhAva para hI nirbhara hai| pakSapAtI ke samakSa apane kAvya ke doSa guNa rUpa meM evam dUsaroM ke kAvya ke guNa bhI dopa rUpa meM prastuta hote haiN| isa kAraNa vaha na to apane kAvya ke vivekapUrNa parIkSaNa meM samartha hotA hai aura na hI dUsaroM ke kAvya kI yathArtha samAlocanA meN| zreSTha kavi meM yathArtha samAlocanArUpa guNa kA astitva honA AcArya rAjazekhara kI mAnyatA hai| abhimAna ke kAraNa svayaM apanI hI sAmarthya kavi ke samakSa spaSTa nahIM ho pAtI, isI kAraNa kavi ke lie nirabhamAnitA kI AvazyakatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita zikSA sambandhI viSayoM ke vistAra kA kAraNa evam unakA aucitya : kavi ke lie zikSA kI AvazyakatA sarvamAnya hone para bhI zikSA evam abhyAsa ko atyadhika mahatva tathA vistAra kevala rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA meM hI prApta huaa| isakA kAraNa hai AcArya rAjazekhara ke samaya meM rAjyAzrita kaviyoM kA Adhikya / zakti evam pratibhA kI kavi banane ke lie prAthamika AvazyakatA AcArya rAjazekhara ko mAnya hai| isI kAraNa sahajA pratibhA sampanna buddhimAn ziSya ke lie vyutpatti evam abhyAsa kI alpamAtrA meM hI apekSA ko unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai| sahaja svAbhAvika pratibhA ke abhAva meM hI abhyAsa kI atyadhika parimANa meM AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai| yadyapi sahajA pratibhA se sampanna kaviyoM kI saMkhyA sabhI yugoM meM aguliyoM para gaNanA yogya hotI hai, kintu kaviyoM kI rAjadarabAra Adi meM sammAnita sthiti ke yuga meM sahajA pratibhA se hIna logoM meM bhI darabArI kavi banane kI lAlasA svAbhAvika hai| rAjazekhara ke samasAmayika kaviyoM ne apane jIvana meM abhyAsa para isI kAraNa bala diyA hogaa| rAjazekhara ke grantha meM abhyAsa ke vistAra kA yaha prabala kAraNa ho sakatA hai| zikSA evam abhyAsa kI 1. na ca svakRtiM bahu manyeta pakSapAto hi guNadoSau viparyAsayati na ca dRpyet| darpanavo'pi sarvasaMskArAnucchinatti / 1 kAvyamImAMsA (dazama adhyAya)

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[138] AvazyakatA pratibhA sampanna kavi ko usa mAtrA meM nahIM hotI jitane vistRta rUpa meM ve kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita haiN| naisargika guNa rUpa kavitvazakti kA sabhI meM astitva sambhava na honA anivArya mAnyatA hai / isI mAnyatA para AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi bhI adhika thii| aisI sthiti meM sAmAnya logoM kI kavi banane kI icchA abhyAsa Adi ke dvArA kAvyapratibhAsampanna hokara hI pUrNa ho sakatI thii| rAjazekhara ke sAmane sambhavataH abhyAsapUrvaka kavi banane vAle adhika rahe hoNge| isI kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA kavi banane ke icchuka sAmAnya logoM ke lie adhika hai, janmajAta kaviyoM ke lie km| abhyAsa se sambaddha vibhinna viSayoM jaise kavi kI kramika vikAsa kI avasthAoM evaM gurUkula meM rahakara zikSA prApta karane kI sthiti ko rAjazekhara ke atirikta anya AcAryoM ne apane grantha vivecana meM sthAna nahIM diyA, kyoMki kAvya ke kramika manohArI rUpa kI prApti ke lie abhyAsa ko anivArya mAnakara bhI unhoMne use pratibhA ke samakakSa hI anivAryatA nahIM dI, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara apane zAbdika rUpa meM zakti evam pratibhA ko prathama sthAna dekara bhI sambhavata: abhyAsa ko atyadhika mahatva dete rhe| isa bAta ko unake grantha meM vistAra prApta abhyAsa vivecana hI sUcita karatA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi ke jIvana meM svAsthya, svacchatA evam sAttvika svabhAva ko mahatva diyA hai| kintu ina viSayoM kA mahatva to kisI bhI sAhityakAra athavA racanAkAra ke lie ho sakatA hai| rAjazekhara kA grantha bhASA evaM viSaya kI dRSTi se apanI jJAnasImA ke antargata hI kavi kI sthiti lokarUci evaM Atmaruci kA dhyAna, kavi ke lie pakSapAta evam abhimAna se rahita hone kI AvazyakatA Adi sAmAnya viSayoM kA kavi ko nirdeza kavi zikSA evaM abhyAsa se hI adhika sambaddha hone ke kAraNa detA hai| rAjazekhara ke grantha meM abhyAsa se sambaddha atyadhika sAmAnya sthUla viSaya vivecana ke lie grahaNa kie gae haiN| kintu abhyAsa se sambaddha isa prakAra ke viSayoM kA aisA atyadhika sAmAnya rUpa anya AcAryoM ke granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| janmajAta kavi ko nahIM, kintu sAmAnya vyakti ko hI kavi banAnA rAjazekhara ke grantha kA uddezya hai| yaha grantha rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita dvitIya prakAra ke ziSya AhAryabuddhi se hI adhika sambaddha hai jo isa janma ke abhyAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa kAvyapratibhA

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[139] sampanna AbhyAsika kavi banatA hai| buddhimAn sArasvata kavi ke lie rAjazekhara ke grantha kI adhika upAdeyatA nahIM hai| rAjazekhara ke grantha meM anAvazyaka viSaya vistAra kI pravRtti bahuta adhika hai| vibhinna viSayoM ke bheda vibheda unakI isI pravRtti ke sUcaka hai| unakI isI pravRtti ke antargata kaviyoM kA guNa kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA bheda vivecana sammilita hai| isa saMdarbha meM kevala sAmAnya sthUla dRSTi se kavibheda prastuta kie gae hai| inakA pUrNa kavi se jo vastuta: mahAkavi ho koI sambandha nahIM hai| unake guNa kevala sAmAnya kaviyoM se sambaddha haiN| kaviyoM meM prApta kAvyaracanA sambandhI guNoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne kaviyoM ke kaniSTha, madhyama evaM uttama hone kA mApadaNDa prastuta kiyA hai| kintu vastuta- guNoM kI saMkhyA para AdhArita kaviyoM kI yaha zreNI kaviyoM ke mahatva kA mApadaNDa nahIM ho sktii| kaviyoM ko kisI nizcita sImA meM Abaddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kabhI kavi ko kevala do mahatvapUrNa guNa hI zreSTha banA sakate haiM, kintu kabhI inase adhika pA~ca cha: guNoM ke dvArA bhI aisA sambhava nahIM hotaa| Anandavardhana Adi kAvyazAstra ke saiddhAntika vivecana se sambandha rakhane vAle AcArya kavi kI kaniSThatA evam zreSThatA Adi kA mApadaNDa citrakAvya evaM dhvanikAvya ko mAnate haiM, guNoM kI saMkhyA ko nhiiN| guNoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para kaviyoM ko nimnatA evaM utkRSThatA kI sImA meM Abaddha kara denA vaiSayika sUkSma vivecana nahIM hai| guNoM kI saMkhyA nahIM, kintu guNoM ke saundarya kA parimANa hI kaviyoM kI zreSThatA evaM nimnatA kI kasauTI ho sakatA hai| kisI viSaya kI sUkSma vivecanA usake bhedoM kI adhikatA evam vistAra para AdhArita ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi kI dinacaryA ko eka viziSTa rUpa meM niyamita karake prastuta kiyA hai| kintu dainika kAryoM ke niyamana kI sabhI kaviyoM ke lie AvazyakatA hone para bhI usakA sabhI ke lie eka sAmAnya rUpa nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| apanI-apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra pratyeka kavi kI dinacaryA ke rUpa bhinna ho sakate haiN| rAjazekhara ke dinacaryA vivecana meM se kevala yahI tAtparya kavi ke lie grAhya ho sakatA hai ki una sabhI kI dinacaryA meM kAvyazAstra Adi ke adhyayana, kAvyaracanA ke abhyAsa, kAvyanirmANa tathA kAvya lekhana ko niyamita sthAna milanA cAhie, yadyapi pratyeka kavi apanI dinacaryA kA svayaM niyamana karane ke lie svataMtra bhI hotA hai| rAjazekhara dvArA

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[140] vivecita dinacaryA kavi ke dainika kAryoM ke kAlanirdhAraNa kA Adarza rUpa hai, kintu vyavahAra meM pratyeka kavi ke kAryoM kA kAla nirdhAraNa bhinna ho sakatA hai| ataH prahara ke AdhAra para kavi ke kArya nirdhAraNa kA vivecana sabhI abhyAsI kaviyoM ko apane kAryoM ko usake anurUpa kAlanirdhAraNa ke lie bAdhya nahIM karatA / AcArya rAjazekhara ke grantha meM vivecita kavi kA AvAsa, paricAraka, paricArikA, sambandhI evam mitra kaviyoM kI tAtkAlika sthiti ke anukUla haiN| sArvakAlika nhiiN| rAjazekhara ke grantha meM kavi ke AvAsa kA viziSTa rUpa upasthita hai| yaha pUrNa sundara prAkRtika AvAsa tatkAlIna adhikAMza kaviyoM ke samRddha rAjasI jIvana kA paricAyaka hai| sambhavataH svayaM rAjazekhara Adi kaviyoM ko isa prakAra ke AvAsa upalabdha the kintu sabhI kaviyoM kA AvAsa isa prakAra kA honA cAhie yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita AvAsa kA svarUpa unake isa sAmAnya tAtparya ko vyakta karatA pratIta hotA hai ki pratyeka dRSTi se kavi kA AvAsa aisA pratIta honA cAhie jahAM kavi ko pUrNa mAnasika zAnti evaM kAvyanirmANa kI preraNA mila ske| kavi ke AvAsa meM varNita vibhinna prAkRtika sthitiyA~ kavi kI preraNA evaM bhAvodaya hetu prakRti kI upAdeyatA kI sUcaka haiN| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prakRti kA sAmIpya kavi ko kisI vizeSa sthiti meM kAvyanirmANa kI preraNA to de sakatA hai akavi ko kavi nahIM banA sktaa| kavi banane ke lie prAthamika AvazyakatA pratibhA kI hai, kisI viziSTa prakAra ke AvAsa kI nahIM kevala abhyAsa dvArA kavi banane vAle kavi ke lie isa prakAra ke AvAsa kI apekSA ho sakatI hai kintu sahaja pratibhAsampanna kavi kisI sAmAnya AvAsa meM bhI vibhinna apratyakSa viSayoM ko bhI pratyakSa dekhate hue kAvya nirmANa meM samartha hai| kAvya nirmANa ke lie kavizikSA se sambaddha rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA kA paripUrNa vivecana karane ke pazcAta niSkarSa rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha grantha abhyAsI kaviyoM ke lie jitanA mahatvapUrNa hai utanA vAstavika sahaja svAbhAvika pratibhAsampanna kavi ke lie - jo kevala rasasiddhi ke lie kAvyaracanA karatA hai- mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| isameM kAvyanirmANa se sambandha rakhane vAle vibhinna gA~r3a viSayoM ko atyadhika vistAra diyA gayA hai|

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caturtha adhyAya kavisamaya (kavijagat ke paramparAgata prayoga) 'samaya' zabda kI kozoM meM samyagetIti - sam + iN gatau + pacAdyac isa prakAra kI vyutpatti tathA usake vibhinna artha svIkRta haiN| halAyudha koza meM 'samaya' zabda ke siddhAnta, kRtAnta, rAddhAnta, kAla, zapatha, savit, kriyAkAra, nirdeza, saMketa AcAra Adi vibhinna artha haiM / / vAcaspatyam koza meM samaya zabda kA eka aura artha hai-niym| 'kavisamaya' zabda ke saMdarbha meM samaya zabda kA AcAra, siddhAnta athavA niyama artha mAnya ho sakatA hai| kaviyoM meM pracalita kucha arthoM ke viziSTa rUpa meM nibandhana kI paramparAe~, siddhAnta, AcAra athavA niyama 'kavisamaya' athavA 'kavisampradAya' nAmoM se abhihita hote haiM AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM kaviyoM dvArA nibaddha azAstrIya, alaukika tathA paramparAyAta artho kI 'kavisamaya' saMjJA hai ? 1. smygetiiti| (sam + iN gatau + pacAdyac) siddhAntaH, kRtAnta:, rAddhAntaH, kaalH|-------------shpthH, saMvit, kriyAkAra: nirdezaH, saMGketaH, AcAra: 'RSINAM samaye nityam ye caranti yudhiSThira-----iti mahAbhArate (13/90/50) / 'dezAcArAn samayAn jAtidharmAn bubhUSate yaH saH parAvarajJaH' iti mahAbhArate (5/33/116) / vyavahAra : 'na tai: samayamanvicchet puruSo dharmamAcaran' iti manuH (10/53) / sampat niyamaH, 'ato bhajiSye samayena sAdhvI yAvattejo vibhRyAdAtmano me' iti bhAgavate (3/22/18) / avasaraH (10) (halAyudhakoSa) 2 azAstrIyamalaukikaM ca paramparAyAtam yamarthamupanibadhnanti kavayaH sa kvismyH| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturdaza adhyAya)

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[142] rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA ke atirikta kavisamaya kI vivecya paribhASA 'agnipurANa' meM milatI hai| 1 isa grantha meM kaviyoM ke samudAcAra ko kavi samaya kahA gayA hai| sarvatra eka rUpa meM svIkRta kavi samaya ke agnipurANa meM do rUpa haiM- sAmAnya kavisamaya tathA vizeSa kavisamaya saphala saiddhAntikoM athavA kaviyoM ke vivAda ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo prasiddha hote haiM ve sAmAnya kavisamaya haiN| yaha sAmAnya kavisamaya do bhedoM meM vibhakta haiM prathama sabhI saiddhAntikoM dvArA svIkRta sAmAnya kavisamaya evaM dvitIya kucha saiddhAntikoM dvArA svIkRta sAmAnya kavisamaya / kaviyoM ke paraspara vyavahAra athavA kAvyAcAra se jo niyama banate haiM ve agnipurANa ke viziSTa kavisamaya haiN| 1. kavInAM samudAcAraH samayo nAma gIyate / 301 sAmAnyazca viziSTazca dharmavadbhavati dvidhA / siddhasaiddhAntikAnAM ca kavInAM vA vivAdataH 1311 yaH prasidhyati sAmAnya ityasau samayo mataH / sarve saiddhAntikAH yena saJcaranti niratyayam / 321 kiyanta eva vA yena sAmAnyastena dvidhA |-asminsrsvtiiloke saJcarantaH parasparam 1361 badhnanti vyatipazyanto yadviziSTaH sa ucyate / parigrahAdapyasatAM satAmevAparigrahAt / 37 / bhidyamAnasya tasyAyaM tadvaividhyamupagIyate / pratyakSAdipramANairyad bAdhitaM tadasadviduH / 38 | kavi bhistatpratigrAhaM jJAnasya dyotamAnatA / yadevArthakriyAkAri tadaiva paramArthasat / 39 agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga ( ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[143] vivAda ke pariNAmasvarUpa kisI viSaya kA prasiddha ho jAnA tathA eka samAna varNana, eka samAna hI kAvya vyavahAra ke AdhAra para kisI viSaya kA prasiddhi prApta karanA tathA niyama bana jAnA do bhinnabhinna viSaya haiM - eka sAmAnya kavisamaya hai dUsarA vizeSa / kavisamaya kA isa prakAra kA bheda sarvaprathama agnipurANa meM milatA hai, kintu agnipurANa meM vivecita viziSTa kavisamaya hI AcArya rAjazekhara evaM anya kAvyazAstriyoM ke kavisamaya haiM, aisA pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra kAvya varNanoM se, kAvyajagat ke vyavahAra se jo niyama banate haiM tathA paramparA rUpa meM svIkRta hote haiM unheM hI kavisamaya (agnipurANa kA viziSTa kavisamaya) kahA jA sakatA hai| ina kavisamayoM kA anusaraNa sabhI kaviyoM ke lie anivArya hai, anyathA ve kAvya meM doSa ke pratipAdaka bana jaaeNge| kavisamayoM se sambaddha arthoM ko kavi apane vivecana kA viSaya na banAeM yaha to sambhava hai, kintu kavisamayoM se sambaddha arthoM ke kAvya meM vivecana viSaya banane para unakA kavisamaya siddha rUpa svIkAra karanA hI kaviyoM ke lie anivArya hai, anyathA rUpa nahIM / kavisamaya kA sambandha-zabdoM se, arthoM se athavA donoM se ? AcArya rAjazekhara kI paribhASA se spaSTa hotA hai ki kavisamaya arthoM se sambaddha paramparAe~ haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara kI paribhASA tathA kucha AcAryoM ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM kI kavisamaya ke viSaya meM svIkRta mAnyatA ke AdhAra para yaha svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kavisamaya ke rUpa meM svIkRta niyamoM kA zabdoM se sambandha nahIM hai| jAti, dravya, kriyA aura guNa artha bheda hI haiM aura kavisamaya meM jAti, dravya, kriyA aura guNa se sambaddha rUpoM kA varNana hone ke kAraNa kavisamaya artha se hI sambaddha haiN| jAti, dravya, kriyA aura guNa kA apane meM antarbhAva karane vAle bhauma kavisamaya ke atirikta svargya aura pAtAlIya kavisamaya bhI artha se sambaddha haiM /

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[144] kavisamaya athavA kaviprasiddhi kA kevala kaviyoM ke jagat se hI sambandha hai, loka se nhiiN| mammaTa kA 'prasiddhivirUddhatA' doSa zabda tathA artha donoM se sambaddha hai1-isa AdhAra para prasiddhi ke viruddha zabda tathA arthanibandhana ko doSa mAnakara kavisamaya ko zabda se bhI sambaddha mAnanA sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki prasiddhi viruddhatA doSa kevala kaviprasiddhi se sambaddha nahIM hai, loka prasiddhi se bhI usakA sambandha hai| rAjazekhara se pUrva AcArya vAmana ne pada, pAda Adi ke vidhipUrvaka nibandhana se sambaddha tathA vyAkaraNa se sambaddha niyamoM kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA isa viSaya ko kAvya samaya nAma diyA hai| rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcArya kezavamizra ne bhI kavisamaya ke antargata ArthI paramparAoM ke sAtha hI isa prakAra ke niyamoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| kintu kavizikSA se sambaddha 'kavisamaya' zabda 1. prasiddhiviruddhatA doSa :-kaviyoM ke yahA~ kucha vizeSa zabdoM aura arthoM kA vizeSa rUpa meM varNana karane kA niyama yA paramparA calI A rahI hai| usako 'kavisamaya' yA kaviprasiddhi' kahA jAtA hai| isa kavisamaya yA kaviprasiddhi kA ullaMghana hone para 'prasiddhiviruddhatA' doSa hotA hai| maJjIrAdiSu raNitaprAyaM pakSiSu ca kUjitaprabhRti stanitamaNitAdi surate meghAdiSu garjitapramukham / / iti zabdadoSa :-prasiddhamatikrAntam yathA mahApralayamArutakSubhitapuSkarAvartakaH pracaNDaghanagarjitapratirutAnukArI muhuH / ravaH zravaNabhairavaH sthagitarodasIkandaraH kuto'dya samarodadherayamabhUtapUrvaH purH|| atra ravo maNDUkAdiSu prasiddho na tuktavizeSe siNhnaade| arthadoSa :-idaM te kenoktaM-----------------idaM tad duHsAdhyAkramaNaparamAstraM smRtibhuvA tava prItyA cakraM karakamalamUle vinihitam / / atra kAmasya cakraM loke'prsiddhm| upaparisaraM godAvaryA:---------iha hi vihito raktAzokaH kayApi hatAzayA crnnnlinnyaasodnyctrvaakrknycukH|| atra pAdAghAtenAzokasya puSpodgama: kaviSu prasiddho na punrngkrodgmH| susitavasanAlaGkArAyAM kadAcana kaumudI mahasi sudRzi svairam yAntyAM gto'stmbhuudvidhuH| tadanu bhavataH kIrtiH kenApyagIyata yena sA priyagRhamagAnmuktAzakA ka nAmi zubhapradaH / atrAmUrtApi kIrtiH jyotsnAvatprakAzarUpA kathiteti lokaviruddhamapi kaviprasiddharna dussttm| khyAte'rthe nirhetoraduSTatA :-candraM gatA padmaguNAnna bhuGkte pdmaashritaacaandrmsiimbhikhyaam| umAmukhaM tu pratipadya lolA dvisaMzrayAM prItimavApa lkssmiiH|| atra rAtrau padmasya saGkoca:, divA candramasazca niSprabhatvaM lokaprasiddhamiti ' nate' iti hetum naapeksste| (doSaprakaraNa) kAvyaprakAza ( mammaTa)

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[145] kAvyazAstrIya jagat kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai-saiddhAntikoM dvArA svIkRta paribhASA ke anusAra usake antargata kevala viziSTa artha hI Ate haiM- zabdAdi ke prayoga se sambaddha niyama nhiiN| kavisamaya kA zAbdika artha hai kaviyoM kI paramparA AcAra athavA siddhaant| isa zAbdika artha ke anusAra kavisamaya zabda vyAkaraNa tathA zabda prayoga se sambaddha paramparAoM kA bhI vAcaka ho sakatA hai aura artha se sambaddha paramparAoM kA bhI / kintu kisI bhI kSetra kA pAribhASika zabda kevala utane hI artha kA vAcaka hotA hai, jitane ke lie usakA prayoga huA ho| kAvyazAstra ke pAribhASika zabda 'kavisamaya' kI eka sImA hai jisakA sambandha kevala viziSTa arthoM ke viziSTa rUpa meM nibandhana kI paramparA se hI hai| ataH vAmana kA 'kAvyasamaya' tathA kezavamizra dvArA vivecita kavisamaya ke antargata zabdAdi ke prayoga se sambaddha niyama vastutaH kavizikSA jagat ke usa kavisamaya se pRthaka haiM jo AcArya rAjazekhara Adi kavi zikSaka AcAryoM dvArA svIkRta kavisamaya haiN| vAmana tathA kezavamizra dvArA svIkRta ina niyamoM ko agnipurANa ke sAmAnya kavisamaya ke antargata bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki yaha saiddhAntikoM ke vivAda ke pariNAmasvarUpa prasiddha niyama nahIM hai| agnipurANa ke sAmAnya kavisamaya ke antargata ve hI viSaya Ate haiM jo saiddhAntikoM ke vivAda ke pariNAmasvarUpa prasiddha hue aura isake antargata kAvyazAstra ke rIti, alaMkAra, rasa, dhvani, vakrokti sampradAyoM Adi ko rakhA jA sakatA hai- kyoMki kAvyazAstra ke kSetra meM yaha siddhAnta saphala saiddhAntikoM ke vivAda ke pariNAmasvarUpa prasiddha mAne jA sakate haiN| ataH rAjazekharAdi AcAryoM kA kavisamaya tathA vAmana kA kAvya samaya do pRthak viSaya hai - eka kA ArthI paramparA se sambandha hai dUsare kA sambandha kevala zabdoM se hai / kAvyazAstra meM kavisamaya ke antargata kevala ArthI paramparA ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vAmana kA 'kAvyasamaya' kevala vyAkaraNAdi ke prayoga se sambaddha niyama hI hai| kAvyazAstra kA paribhASika zabda 'kavisamaya' tathA vAmana kA ' kAvyasamaya' nAma se bhI bhinna hai, unheM kevala 'samaya' zabda kI ekatA se samAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kavisamaya kA artha hai kaviyoM ke kAvya sambandhI Arthika AcAra vyavahAra tathA kAvyasamaya' kA tAtparya kAvya ke zAbdika niyamoM se haiN| * 'kavisamaya' zabda apane zAbdika artha ke kAraNa prAyaH bhrAnti kA kAraNa banA hai| kavisamaya arthoM se sambaddha paramparAeM to avazya haiM kintu unakA kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA kavisamaya ke antargata svIkRta

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[146] kucha viziSTa arthoM se hI sambandha hai| unase atirikta artha yadi pUrva kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM prApta bhI ho to bhI unheM kavisamaya samajha kara apanAne kA aucitya nahIM hai| bhrama ke kAraNa kevala pUrva prayogoM ko dekhakara kavisamaya se atirikta bahuta se artha bhI kavisamaya ke samAna prayukta hone lage tathA kavisamaya ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho gae , kintu ve vastutaH kavisamaya nahIM haiN| apane kavisamaya vivecana ke adhyAya meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne dUsare AcAryoM dvArA svIkRta kucha kavisamayoM kA vivecana nahIM kiyA hai / sambhavataH unakI dRSTi meM ve usI prakAra ke rUr3ha kavisamaya rahe hoN| AcArya kezava mizra Adi deza, samudrAdi kI saMkhyA ko bhI kavisamaya mAnate haiN| isako rAjazekhara kavisamaya ke antargata nahIM lete| jaise bhrama ke kAraNa kavisamaya meM antanirhita arthoM ke atirikta arthoM ko bhI kavisamaya ke hI rUpa meM svIkAra kie jAne kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai usI prakAra vAmana ke 'kAvyasamaya' ko bhI kavisamaya ke saiddhAntika tathA pAribhASika svarUpa para dhyAna na dene ke kAraNa kavisamaya ke hI rUpa meM svIkRti sambhava hai / vAmana kA kAvyasamaya pRthaka hai tathA kevala viziSTa arthoM ko hI apane meM antanirhita karane vAlA kAvyajagat kA viziSTa pAribhASika zabda kavisamaya pRthak / kavisamaya kI rAjazekhara dvArA svIkRta paribhASA kA tAtparya : ___ AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavisamaya kI paribhASA meM kavisamaya ke tIna vaiziSTya prastuta kie haiM - azAstrIya, alaukika tathA paramparAyAta arth| zAstra virodhI tathA lokavirodhI artha kA nibandhana kAvya meM anaucitya kA utpAdaka hai| aisI sthiti meM kavisamaya meM nibaddha azAstrIya, alaukika artha kI aucitya se saGgati kaise ho sakatI hai? ina arthoM kI aucitya se saGgati karAne meM rAjazekhara kI vaha mAnyatA samartha ho sakatI hai jisake anusAra ve kahate haiM "prAcIna vidvAnoM ne sahastroM zAkhAoM vAle vedoM kA aGgoM sahita adhyayana karake, zAstroM kA tatvajJAna prApta kara, dezAntaroM aura dvIpAntaroM kA paribhramaNa 1. "kavisamayazabdazcAyaM mUlamapazyadbhiH prayogamAtradarzibhiH prayukto rUDhazca / tatra kazcidAdyatvena vyavasthitaH kavisamayenArthaH kazcitparasparopakramArtha svArthAya dhUtaiH prvrtitH| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturdaza adhyAya)

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[147] karake, jina vastuoM ko samajhakara, dekha aura sunakara ullikhita kiyA hai una padArthoM kA deza aura kAna ke kAraNa bheda hone para bhI, usI prAktana avikRta rUpa meM varNana karanA kavisamaya hai|"1 rAjazekhara kI isa mAnyatA ke anusAra to yaha mAnanA hogA ki kavi nadI meM kamala kA, cakoroM ke candrikApAna Adi kA varNana karate haiM, ata: unhoMne athavA unake pUrva vidvAnoM ne avazya ina arthoM ko loka meM dekha sunakara tathA zAstroM kA adhyayana karake prApta kiyA hogA, kintu deza aura kAla ke kAraNa ina artho yA vastuoM kA rUpAntara ho gayA, ve usa rUpa meM prApta nahIM hue, kintu kavi unakA varNana usI rUpa meM karate rahe isalie yaha artha kavisamaya bana gae, kintu nadI meM kamala, cakoroM kA candrikApAna athavA anya isI prakAra ke kavisamaya rUpa meM svIkRta artha kyA kisI deza athavA kAla kI satyatA ho sakate haiM? kyA kisI deza, kAla meM nadI ke pravAhayukta jala meM bhI kamala khila jAte the, unheM apane janma hetu kIcar3a kI AvazyakatA nahIM thI? kyA kisI deza athavA kAla meM cakoroM ke lie candrikApAna sambhava thA? isI prakAra vedoM meM-jina para sabhI zAstroM ko AdhArita mAnA jAtA hai-kavisamaya ke antargata svIkRta artha nahIM milte| ata: kavisamaya rUpa meM svIkRta artha loka ke kisI deza kAla kI, kisI zAstra kI kisI kAraNavaza svIkRti ho sakate haiM, satya nahIM mAne jA skte| ata: kaviyoM ne jina arthoM ko vAstavika rUpa meM prApta kiyA unakA hI praNayana kiyA yaha mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai, kintu yahI mAnane kA aucitya hai ki kaviyoM ne jina arthoM ko zAstra tathA loka meM kevala svIkRti ke rUpa meM pAyA (vAstavika rUpa meM prApta kiyA ho athavA nahIM) unakA hI praNayana kiyaa| ata: AcArya rAjazekhara ke kathana kA yaha tAtparya mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jo artha kisI viziSTa kAraNa se zAstra tathA loka meM apane vAstavika rUpa se bhinna rUpa meM svIkRta ho gae the, unheM hI kaviyoM ne apanAyA tathA zAstra aura loka kI svIkRti ke badala jAne para bhI kavi una arthoM ko pUrva svIkRta rUpa meM hI apanAte rahe aura una artho ke usI rUpa meM nibandhana kI kavijagat meM paramparA bana gii| 1. pUrve hi vidvAMsaH sahastrazAkhaM sAGgam ca vedamavagAhya, zAstrANi cAvabudhya, dezAntarANi dvIpAntarANi ca paribhramya yAnarthAnupalabhya praNItavantasteSAM dezakAlAntaravazena anyadhAtve'pi tathAtvenopanibandho yaH sa kvismyH| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturdaza adhyAya)

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[148] vibhinna kavisamayoM ke yahI rUpa unake kAvya meM Ane se pUrva loka tathA zAstra meM svIkRta the| deza kAla ke anyathAtva se loka aura zAstra kI svIkRti meM antara A gayA, phira bhI loka zAstra kI asvIkRti ko kavigaNa prAktana svIkRti ke rUpa meM hI apanAte rahe, kyoMki kavisamaya isI rUpa meM kAvyopakAraka the| isa prakAra azAstrIya, alaukika kavisamayoM kA bhI mUlAdhAra loka aura zAstra hI hai| loka aura zAstra hI kAvyavarNanoM ke AdhAra banate haiN| laukika evam zAstrIya arthoM ko hI kavi apanI kalpanA se maulika rUpa pradAna karate haiN| ata: azAstrIya, alaukika kavisamayoM ko apanAnA kaviyoM ko doSI nahIM ThaharAtA, kyoMki unhoMne jaba ina arthoM ko apanAyA usa samaya unako loka tathA zAstra meM kisI viziSTa kAraNa se usI rUpa meM (unake vAstavika rUpa se bhinna rUpa meM) svIkAra kiyA jAtA thaa| ata: vidvAnoM aura kaviyoM ne to unheM laukika evam zAstrIya svIkRta rUpa meM hI prArambha meM apanAyA thA, deza kAlAntara vaza unakA rUpAntara ho gayA, svIkRti badala gayI to kavigaNa doSI nahIM haiN| kavisamaya azAstrIya aura alaukika hoM to bhI unakA mUla to zAstrIya evam laukika hai| zAstrIya evam laukika svIkRti azAstrIya, alaukika ho jAne para bhI kAvyajagat meM apane kAvyopakArakatva ke kAraNa parivartita nahIM kI gaI, kyoMki unakA azAstrIya, alaukika rUpa mUla ke zAstrIya evam laukika hone ke kAraNa doSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rAjazekhara kA yaha kathana ki loka zAstra se saMgata artha hI apanAe gae samIcIna nahIM haiM, kyoMki loka tathA zAstra kA sambandha kabhI bhI asaMgata bAtoM se nahIM hotaa| zAstra tathya nirdhAraka haiM, alaukika kAvya ke sRSTA nhiiN| isI prakAra loka bhI kAvyasRSTA na hokara vAstavikatA se sambaddha hai| kavisamaya kI lokasaMgatatA kucha aMzoM meM yaha svIkAra karake mAnya ho sakatI hai ki loka kI kucha pratibhAoM ne kucha arthoM ko unake saundaryAtizaya ke kAraNa unake sat rUpa se bhinna rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hogA, kAvya rUpa meM bhale hI nibaddha na kiyA ho| yahI viSaya kAvya racanA ke Arambha hone para kaviyoM dvArA apanAe gae tathA dhIre-dhIre paramparA bana ge| svIkRti badalane kA yaha tAtparya mAnA jA sakatA hai ki kAlAntara meM kavi pratibhAoM se bhinna pratibhAoM ne laukika vAstavikatA se hI adhika sambaddha hone ke kAraNa ina viSayoM ke sat rUpa ko hI apanAyA, saundaryAtizaya se sambaddha rUpa ko nhiiN| yadyapi kalpanA

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[149] jagat ke kavi unake saundaryAtizaya se sambaddha, kintu asat rUpa ko hI apanAte rahe kyoMki kAvya meM sundaram kA bhAva nihita hotA hai| kavi sadA saundaryapremI hote haiN| sAtha hI kAvya zivam, sundaram se adhika sambaddha hotA hai, satyaM se km| 'vyakti viveka' ke racayitA mahimabhaTTa kA vicAra hai ki zabda artha ke vyavahAra meM vidvAnoM ko laukika krama kA anusaraNa karanA caahie| loka ke AdaraNIya ve hI zabdArtha haiM jo lokakrama ke anusAra hoM, anyathA loka kI rasa pratIti meM bAdhA ho jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki azAstrIya, alaukika kavisamayoM meM aisI kyA vizeSatA hai ki unakA nibandhana loka kI rasa pratIti meM bAdhaka nahIM bntaa| kevala laukika krama ke anusaraNa karane vAle zabdArthoM se hI rasAsvAda pratIti karane meM samartha loka ina azAstrIya, alaukika arthoM se rasAsvAda kaise kara letA hai? avazya hI yaha artha apane isI rUpa meM rasa ke vizeSa upakAraka hoNge| atizayokti Adi alaMkAroM meM bhI to sAdhya artha ko pUrNataH spaSTa karane ke lie alaukika arthoM kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai| kavisamayoM ke sambandha meM bhI kucha aMzoM taka yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| yahA~ bhI sAdhya arthoM ke spaSTIkaraNa hetu hI kaviyoM ne kucha alaukika arthoM kA sahArA liyA jo kramazaH paramparA banakara sadA usI rUpa meM varNita hone lge| atizayokti meM kavi sAdhya artha ko spaSTa karane ke lie usI sAdhya artha kA atizayita rUpa meM varNana karatA hai, kintu kavisamaya meM sAdhya artha se bhinna artha usake spaSTIkaraNa hetu apanAyA jAtA hai, ve kucha viziSTa nizcita artha haiM jo kAvya jagat kI paramparA bana gae haiN| atizayokti meM koI paramparA nahIM hotii| kavisamaya ke vaiziSTaya :- paramparita rUpa, azAstrIyatva aura alaukikatva : binA kisI viziSTa kAraNa ke kaviyoM ne kavisamaya rUpa arthoM kA azAstrIya alaukika rUpa kyoM svIkAra kiyA? isa prazna kA yahI samAdhAna hai ki ina viziSTa arthoM ke azAstrIya, alaukika rUpa 1. kiJca sarvatraiva zabdArthavyavahAre vidvadbhipi laukikkrmo'nusrtvyH| lokazca mA bhUdrasAsvAdapratIte : parimlAnateti yathAprakramamevainamAdriyate naanythaa| vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTTa) (dvitIya vimarza)

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[150] meM hI saundarya nihita hai-inake zAstrIya evaM laukika rUpa ke kAvya meM nibandhana kA koI vaiziSTya nahIM hai, kyoMki unameM koI saundarya nahIM hai| kavisamaya ke azAstrIya, alaukika rUpa kA hI aucitya svIkAra karake kevala paramparA kA hI itanA mahatva svIkAra karanA hogA ki usake AdhAra para azAstrIya, alaukika viSaya kA bhI kAvya meM nibandhana sambhava hai| kavisamaya ke viSaya meM paramparA kA mahatva avazya hai| vaha kavisamayoM ke nibandhana kA mahatvapUrNa kAraNa hai aura paramparA ke AdhAra para hI kAvya meM ina viSayoM ko apanAyA jAtA rahA, kintu paramparA to kramazaH hI banatI hai| koI bhI viSaya prArambha meM paramparA nahIM hotA, jaba prArambha meM paramparA banane se pUrva koI artha kAvya meM apanAyA gayA hogA to usake pIche koI viziSTa aucitya bhAvanA avazya rahI hogI, kyoMki jisa viSaya kA koI aucitya na ho usake nibandhana kI paramparA bana hI nahIM sktii| kavijagat bher3acAla nahIM hai / paramparA ke pIche aucitya bhAvanA kAma karatI hai, aucitya rasa kA parama rahasya hai| ata: jaba azAstrIya, alaukika arthoM ko apanAyA gayA hogA to unake kisI na kisI aucitya ko dhyAna meM avazya rakhA gayA hogA, aura ina arthoM ke isI aucitya ne unheM paramparA banA diyaa| kavisamayoM kA paramparita hone ke sAtha azAstrIya, alaukika honA anivArya hai| ata: kavisamayoM kI azAstrIyatA aura alaukikatA meM hI vaha vaiziSTaya nihita hai-jisane unheM paramparA banA diyaa| deza kI saMkhyA, dizAoM kI saMkhyA, samudroM Adi kI saMkhyA ko anya kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA kavisamaya mAnA gayA hai kintu AcArya rAjazekhara una viSayoM ko kavisamaya nahIM mAnate kyoMki unameM azAstrIyatva aura alaukikatva nahIM hai| kavisamaya kA azAstrIya, alaukika honA rAjazekhara ke anusAra anivArya hai| kavibaddhaviSaya kAvyajagat meM pramANa to mAne jAte haiM tathA adoSatva kI kasauTI rUpa meM svIkRta hote haiM kintu paramparA ke rUpa meM 'kavisamaya' saMjJA se ve hI abhihita hote haiM jo azAstrIya bhI hoM, alaukika bhii| kavijagat meM jisa viSaya ke nibandhana kI paramparA ho vaha yadi 1. anaucityAdRte nAnyad rasabhaGgasya kAraNam prasiddhaucityabandhastu rssyopnisstpraa|| dhvanyAloka (tRtIya udyota) aucityasyacamatkArakAriNazcArUcarvaNe rasajIvitabhUtasya vicAraM kurute'dhunA / 3 / (pRSTha - 2) aucityaM rasasiddhasya sthiraM kAvyasya jIvitam / 5 / (pRSTha - 4) aucityavicAracarcA (kSemendra)

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[151] azAstrIya, alaukika na ho to kavisamaya nahIM hai| isIlie rAjazekhara ne kavisamaya kI paribhASA meM 'azAstrIya'' alaukika' zabda ko paramparAyAta se pUrva rakhA hai tathA azAstrIya, alaukika kahane ke bAda hI 'paramparAyAtaM ca' kahA hai| kavisamaya meM nihita saundarya bhAvanA : paramparA se prApta kavisamaya rUpa virodhI arthoM ko apanAne meM paramparA ke atirikta kucha kAraNa avazya nihita rahe hoNge| sambhava hai kavisamaya ke svarUpa meM koI viziSTa guNa rahA ho jisase unheM kAvyopakAraka rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA tathA unake kAvyopakArakatva ke kAraNa unakA zAstra pRthak tathA loka pRthak honA mahatvahIna ho gyaa| vastu ke svarUpa ko sundara hRdayagrAhI banAkara prastuta karane kI bhAvanA kavisamayoM meM nihita dikhatI hai| isa viSaya meM kaviyoM kI sundara ko hI prastuta karane kI bhAvanA ko sArvajanika rUpa prApta ho gayA hai / sabhI kaviyoM kI kalpanAe~ prAyaH paraspara bhinna hotI haiM kintu kavisamayoM meM sabhI kaviyoM kI bhAvanA aura kalpanA ko ekAkAra kara diyA gayA hai aura isa ekIkaraNa ke mUla meM kaviyoM meM nihita vaha bhAvanA hai jisake vazIbhUta hokara ve kAvya meM vastu ke sundara, sarasa rUpa ko hI prastuta karane ke abhilASI hote haiM / isa viSaya meM AcArya kuntaka ke vicAroM ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya kuntaka mAnate haiM ki kAvya kA artha sahRdayoM ke hRdayoM ko AhlAdita karane vAle apane svabhAva ke kAraNa manohArI tathA sundara hotA hai / 1 yadyapi kisI bhI pada ke artha kA usake vibhinna dharmoM se sambandha hotA hai, parantu kevala usI dharma se usakA sambandha kAvya meM varNita hotA hai jo sahRdayoM ke hRdayoM ko AhlAdita karane meM samartha hai| kisI bhI padArtha kI vahI svabhAvamahattA rasa kI poSaka abhivyakti banatI hai jo sahRdayoM ke hRdayAhlAda meM samartha hai| 1. zabdo vivakSitArthaikavAcako'nyeSu satsvapi arthaH sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakArisvaspandasundaraH 191 prathama unmeSa vakroktijIvita (kuntaka)

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[152] kAvyArtha ke isa sahRdayahRdayahAritva rUpa vaiziSTya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kavisamaya ke svarUpa kA yadi vicAra kiyA jAe to kavisamaya kI sthiti ke viSaya meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki sambhava hai kucha artho ko viziSTa sahRdayahRdayahArI rUpa meM prastuta karane ke lie kaviyoM ne unakA bhinna rUpa meM varNana kiyA tathA yahI bhinna rUpa paramparA se apane usI sahRdayahRdayahArI rUpa meM arthAt apane vAstavika rUpa se bhinna rUpa meM nibaddha hote rhe| sambhava hai unake vAstavika rUpa meM sahRdayahRdayaharaNa kI kSamatA tatkAlIna kavi samAja kI dRSTi meM na rahI ho, isalie una arthoM kA unake vAstavika rUpa se bhinna rUpa meM upanibandhana aucityapUrNa mAnA gyaa| kintu kavisamayoM kI sthiti kA, unake paramparA bana jAne kA kAraNa unakA sahRdayahRdayahAritva hI hai isa vicAra kI kevala sambhAvanA hI kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya bhojarAja ke anusAra kAvya meM rasaniSpannatA ke lie navIna artha, agrAmyAsUkti, zravyabandha, sphuTazruti aura alaukika artha se yukta ukti kI AvazyakatA hai / / alaukika artha kI rasapoSakatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kavisamaya ke rUpa meM alaukika arthoM ke nibandhana kA rasa kI dRSTi se kucha na kucha mahatva avazya rahA hogaa| sambhava hai ki jo azAstrIya, alaukika kavisamaya prasiddha hai unakA zAstrIya, laukika rUpa rasAnukUla na rahA ho, rasapoSakatA meM ve kisI kAraNa sakSama nahIM rahe hoNge| isI kAraNa unakA azAstrIya alaukika rUpa rasapoSaka hone ke kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gyaa| isake sAtha hI kavi ko kAvya meM artha kA sundaratama rUpa abhISTa hotA hai / sambhava hai azAstrIya, alaukika kavisamayoM ke zAstrIya, laukika rUpa sundaratama na rahe hoM, aura isI kAraNa rasa ke viparIta bhii| ataH unakA sundaratama rasAnukUla rUpa prastuta karanA Avazyaka thA jo apane zAstrIya, laukika rUpa ke viparIta hone se azAstrIya aura alaukika ho gyaa| 1. navo'rthaH sUktiragrAmyA zravyo bandhaH sphuTA shrutiH| alaukikArthayukkiAca rasamAhartumIzate / 7 / (sarasvatIkapaThAbharaNa (bhojarAja) paJcama pariccheda /

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[153] kavisamaya kA mahatva : zAstraprasiddhi evam lokaprasiddhi ke viparIta kaviprasiddhi hone para anizcaya kI sthiti yadi upasthita ho jAe to vAstavika sthiti ko pramANa na mAnakara kaviyoM dvArA mAnya sthiti ko hI pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| deza bheda tathA kAlabheda se padArtha ke svarUpa meM antara upasthita ho jAne para bhI padArtha kA varNana dezakAla ke anusAra na karake kavi paramparA ke anusAra karane kA hI aucitya hai / mahAkaviyoM ke ullekha hI isa viSaya meM pramANa haiN| isa prakAra kAvyajagat meM kavi paramparA kA zAstroM kI svIkRti tathA loka svIkRti se bhI adhika mahatva hai| prAyaH sabhI kAvyazAstriyoM ne kAvya meM loka, zAstra, deza, kAla vaya, avasthAdi ke virodhI artha kA nibandhana doSa mAnA hai| AcArya bhojarAja ke anusAra pratyakSa ke viruddha tathA zAstra ke viruddha artha kA kAvya meM nibandhana doSa kahalAtA hai|1 deza, kAla, lokAdi ke viruddha varNana pratyakSa virodha doSa hai aura dharmazAstra, kAmazAstra, arthazAstrAdi ke virodhI artha kA varNana Agama virodha doSa hai| isake sAtha hI kAvya meM yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki dezakAla zAstrAdi ke viparIta artha kA nibandhana kaviprasiddhi kA viSaya hone para doSa nahIM raha jaataa| kavi sat vastu kA asat rUpa meM tathA asat vastu kA sat rUpa meM varNana kara sakate haiM, jabaki mahAkaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM aise varNana kI paramparA vidyamAna ho / kavisampradAyasiddha arthoM meM itanI sAmarthya hotI hai ki ve virodhapUrNa hone para bhI doSa nahIM hai / kavisamaya doSa nahIM haiM, isI kAraNa unako kAvyaguNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki doSa kA abhAva bhI guNa hI hai / 1. viruddhaM nAma tad yatra virodhastrividho bhavet pratyakSeNAnumAnena tadvadAgamavartmanA / 54 yo dezakAlalokAdipratIpaH ko'pi dRzyate tamAmananti pratyakSavirodhaM zuddhabuddhayaH / 55 / [ sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja ) (prathama pariccheda) ]

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[154] kavisamayasiddha artha kA usase anyathA rUpa meM varNana doSa mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi isake nAma bhinna-bhinna haiM asAmayikatA doSa (agnipurANa), 1 prasiddhiviruddhatA doSa (mammaTa), prakRtivyatyaya dopa (vAgbhaTa) 2 vizvanAtha prasiddha artha ke viSaya meM nirhetutA ko doSa nahIM maante| kavisamaya ke anusAra varNana unake anusAra kAvya kA khyAtaviruddhatA guNa hai ataH kavisamayasiddha artha kA usase anyathA rUpa meM varNana kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| kAvyazAstra meM kavisamaya ke vivecana kA itihAsa : AcArya rAjazekhara se pUrva bhAmaha, daNDI, udbhaTa Adi AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM kavisamaya kA vivecana nahIM kiyaa| sambhava hai unake sAmane isa prakAra ke varNanoM kI lambI paramparA na rahI ho / yadyapi kavisamayasiddha viSayoM kA adhikatA se varNana karane vAle mahAkavi kAlidAsa ina AcAryoM ke pUrva ho cuke the, kintu ina AlaGkArika AcAryoM ne lokavirodhI, zAstravirodhI, dezakAla virodhI viSayoM ke varNana ko doSa mAnA hai| loka, zAstra ke anukUla artha kA hI kAvya meM varNana honA cAhie aisA AcArya bhAmaha svIkAra karate haiM, kintu sAtha hI unakI yaha bhI mAnyatA pratIta hotI hai ki lokaprasiddha artha ke nibandhana kA aucitya tabhI hai jaba vaha artha kAvya meM bhI prasiddha ho| 'dezavirodha' ke prasaGga meM lokekAvye ca prasiddham' kahakara vaha aisA hI svIkAra karate pratIta hote haiM / kintu kaviprasiddhi ke 1. udvegajanako doSaH sabhyAnAm--- asAmayikatA neyAmetAM ca munayo jaguH 2. idamanyacca yadyathoktaM kavisamayaprasiddhaM tattathaiva niviiyaat| anyathA tu prakRtivyatyayo nAma doSaH / ---11---- -- samayAcyutiH / 101 agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga (ekAdaza adhyAya) kAvyAnuzAsana (vAgbhaTa) (paJcama adhyAya) 3 nirhetutA tu khyAte'tha doSatAM naiva gcchti| kavInAM samaye khyAte guNaH khyAtaviruddhatA / 22 / saptama pariccheda sAhityadarpaNa (vizvanAtha ) 4. dezakAlakalAlokanyAyAgamavirodhi ca pratijJAhetudRSTAntahInaM duSTaM ca neSyate 1 21 yA deze dravyasambhUtirapi vA nopadizyate tatadvirodhi vijJeyaM svabhAvAt tadyathocyate / 29 / malaye kandaropAntarUDhakAlAgurugume sugandhikusumAnamrA rAjante devadAravaH / 30 / kandarANAM guhAnAM samIpe prarUDhAH kAlAgurudrumAH yasmin tasmin / malayaparvate candanAnAM samRddhiloMke kAvye ca prasiddhA / na tu kAlAguruNAM devadAruNAm ceti dezavirodhIdam / (caturtha pari kAvyAlaGkAra ( bhAmaha ) -

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[155] mahatva ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI sAtha ve loka virodhI kaviprasiddhi ko svIkAra karate the athavA nahIM yaha spaSTa nahIM ho skaa| lokavirodhI kaviprasiddhi ko bhAmahAdi doSa hI mAnate rahe hoM isI bAta kI sambhAvanA adhika hai| 'doSa kA upanibandhana kaise ucita hai' AcAryoM ke isa vicAra ko uddhRta karate hue sambhavataH rAjazekhara ne bhAmahAdi ke vicAroM ko hI uddhRta kiyA hogaa| bhAmaha, daNDI Adi ke paravartI AcArya vAmana ne apane 'kAvyAlaMkArasUtravRtti' nAmaka grantha meM 'kAvyasamaya' zIrSaka se prAyogika adhikaraNa kI racanA kii| isa adhikaraNa meM zabda prayoga se sambaddha vivecana hai, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara ke vivecana ke sandarbha meM AcArya vAmana ke kAvyasamaya kI vivecanA ko samAhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, donoM meM paryApta bhinnatA hai| rAjazekhara Adi kavizikSaka AcAryoM kA 'kavisamaya' kAvyajagat kA eka paribhASika zabda hai jisake antargata azAstrIya, alaukika tathA paramparAprApta viziSTa arthoM kA antarbhAva hai, isa kavisamaya kA kevala artha se sambandha hai, vAmana kA 'kAvyasamaya' nAmaka prAyogika adhikaraNa zabdaprayoga ke niyama batAtA hai| pada, pAdAdi ke vidhipUrvaka nibandhana tathA vyAkaraNa se sambaddha hai, ata: pAribhASika kavisamaya kA vAmana ke grantha meM vivecana na hone ke kAraNa 'kavisamaya' vivecana kA prArambha vAmana se nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| rAjazekhara se pUrva sarvaprathama kaviprasiddhi kI mahattA AcArya rUdraTa dvArA svIkAra kI gaI hai| AcArya rudraTa kA vicAra hai ki pratyeka artha kA apanA bhinna rUpa tathA deza kAla kA niyama hotA hai, usa artha kA usake svarUpa tathA dezakAla ke anurUpa hI nibandhana kA aucitya hai| rasaparipoSa kI icchA se kavi kabhI-kabhI kisI artha kA usake deza, kAla, svarUpa Adi dvArA niyamita rUpa se anyathA nibandhana karate haiM, aisA anyathA nibandhana kAvya meM doSa mAnA jAtA hai| rasaparipoSa kI icchA se kie gae hone para bhI aise nibandhana rasaparipoSa meM sahAyaka nahIM hote| kintu AcArya rUdraTa ke anusAra svarUpa tathA dezakAla se anyathA nibandhana usa sthiti meM doSa nahIM hai jaba isa prakAra ke anyathA varNana kI satkavi 1. sarvaH sva svarUpa dhata'rtho dezakAlaniyama cataM ca na khalu bjiiyaannisskaarnnmnythaatirsaat| (717) kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa)

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[156] paramparA ho| satkaviparamparA se jitanA anyathA varNana nirdoSa mAnA gayA ho kevala utane hI anyathA varNana kA aucitya hai| isa prakAra AcArya rUdraTa kI mAnyatA hai ki artha kA bhinna rUpa meM nibandhana bhinna rUpa meM nibandhana kI kaviprasiddhi hone para doSa nahIM hai| navama zatAbdI ke AcArya Anandavardhana anaucitya ko sabhI prakAra ke rasa doSoM kA kAraNa mAnate haiM2 tathA prasiddhaucityabandha ko rasa kA parama rhsy| prasiddhaucitya se AcArya kA tAtparya kyA hai? sAmAnya rUpa se prasiddhaucitya ke antargata tIna prakAra ke aucitya svIkAra kie jA sakate haiM loka meM prasiddha aucitya, zAstra meM prasiddha aucitya tathA kAvyajagat meM prasiddha aucitya / yadi Anandavardhana kA tAtparya ina tInoM hI aucityoM meM mAne to yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne prasiddhaucitya ke mahatva ko svIkAra karake apratyakSa rUpa se kaviprasiddhi ke mahatva ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM yaha bhI zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki sambhava hai Anandardhana prasiddhaucitya kahakara prasiddhi ke antargata kevala zAstrIya tathA laukika prasiddhi ko svIkAra karate rahe hoM, kaviprasiddhi se unakA tAtparya na rahA ho, kintu isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna hai| AcArya rUdraTa AcArya Anandavardhana se pUrva kaviprasiddhi ke mahatva ko svIkAra kara cuke the tathA Anandavardhana ke sammukha kavisamaya ke nibandhana kI paramparA vidyamAna thii| ata: unake prasiddhaucitya ke antargata kavijagat ke bhI prasiddhaucitya ko samAviSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kavisamaya kA ullekha na karake bhI kaviyoM ke mArga meM prasiddha viSayavastu kA AcArya Anandavardhana ne kAvyopanibandhana meM vizeSa mahatva svIkAra kiyA hai| acetana vastuoM kA cetana svarUpa meM varNana karanA satkaviyoM kA prasiddha mArga hai tathA cetana prANiyoM kA bAlyAdi avasthA bheda se jo anyatva hotA hai vaha bhI satkaviyoM meM prasiddha hai| kaviyoM meM prasiddha viSaya kI mahattA svIkAra karane ke kAraNa AcArya Anandavardhana kaviyoM meM prasiddha viziSTa kavisamaya rUpa siddhAntoM kA ullekha na karate hue bhI kAvya jagat meM ina kavisamayoM ke mahatva ko svIkAra karate rahe hoMge aisA pratIta hotA hai| prasiddhaucitya kA nibandhana kAvyAtmA rasa kA parama rahasya hai| unake isI kathana meM anya prasiddhiyoM ke sAtha kavijagat meM 1. sukaviparamparayA ciramavigItatayAnyathA nibaddhaM yat vastu tadanyAdRzamapi bdhniiyaatttprsiddhyaiv| (7/8) kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa) 2. anaucityAdRte nAnyad rasabhaGgasya kAraNam prasiddhaucityabandhastu rssyopnisstpraa|| dhvanyAloka (tRtIya udyota)

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[157] prasiddha artha kI bhI (cAhe vaha pAribhASika kavisamaya rUpa siddhAnta hoM athavA acetana kA cetana svarUpa meM varNana se sambaddha artha)1 mahattA svIkRta hai| ve kaviprauDhokti ko arthazaktyuttha dhvani kA pramukha bheda mAnate haiM, loketara jisa artha ko kavi apanI kalpanA meM varNita karate haiM vaha kavi prauDhokti hai| ina kAraNoM se kavisamaya kA mahattva AcArya Anandavardhana ke sammukha avazya rahA hogaa| inakA grantha 'dhvanyAloka' kavizikSA se sambaddha nahIM thA, isI kAraNa sambhavata: unhoMne kavizikSA ke viSaya 'kavisamaya' kA vivecana nahIM kiyaa| kavisamaya kA pUrNa vivecana, usake sambandha meM pUrNataH navIna tathA maulika vicAroM kA prastutIkaraNa sarvaprathama rAjazekhara ne hI kiyA tathA kavisamaya kI paribhASA, aucitya tathA bhedoM (bhauma, svarya tathA pAtAlIya) kA ullekha kiyaa| rAjazekhara se pUrva kAvyoM meM kavisamaya adhikatA se prApta hote the, kintu unakA spaSTa vistRta vivecana kAvyazAstrIya jagat meM nahIM huA thaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ke pazcAt AcArya hemacandra ne kavisamaya kA vivecana kiyA hai kintu unake vicAroM meM koI navInatA tathA maulikatA nahIM hai| rAjazekhara kA vivecana unake grantha meM usI rUpa meM prastuta hai| AcArya vAgbhaTa ke anusAra bhI deza, kAla, zAstrAdi ke viruddha artha kA nibandhana kisI viziSTa kAraNa ke binA anaucitya pUrNa hai| isa viziSTa kAraNa ko kavi paramparA hI kahA jA sakatA hai2 vAgbhaTa 1. ayamaparazcAvasthAbhedaprakAro yadacetanAnAm sarveSAM cetanaM dvitIyaM rUpamabhimAnitvaprasiddhaM himavadgaGgAdInAm taccocitacetanaviSayasvarUpayojanayopanibadhyamAnamanyadeva smpdyte| yathA kumArasambhava eva parvatasvarUpasya himavato varNanaM,punaH saptarSipriyoktiSu cetanatatsvarUpApekSayA pradarzitaM tadapUrvameva prtibhaati| prasiddhazcAyaM satkavInAM maargH|------------ cetanAnAM ca bAlyAdyavasthAbhiranyatvam satkavInAm prasiddhameva / (pRSTha - 477) dhvanyAloka (caturtha udyota) 2 adhItya zAstrANyabhiyogayogAdabhyAsavazyArthapadaprapaJcaH taM taM viditvA samayaM kavInAM manaH prasattau kavitAM viddhyaat| ___vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (vAgbhaTa) prathama pariccheda / 26 / dezakAlAgamAvasthAdravyASu virodhinam vAkyeSvartha na badhnIyAdviziSTaM kAraNaM binA / 271 vAgbhaTAlaGkAra (vAgbhaTa) dvitIya pariccheda

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[158] kavisamayoM kA jJAna kaviyoM ke lie Avazyaka bhI mAnate haiM kintu unhoMne kavisamayoM ke vivecana meM eka do kavisamayoM ke atirikta bhuvanoM kI saMkhyA, samudroM kI saMkhyA tathA dizAoM kI saMkhyA kA hI nirdeza kiyA hai| rAjazekhara ne ina viSayoM kA deza vivecana meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| vAgbhaTa ne rAjazekhara dvArA ullikhita kavisamayoM kA vivecana apane grantha meM nahIM kiyA hai| ve deza Adi kI saMkhyA ko hI kaviparamparA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate rahe hoNge| vAgbhaTa ke kavisamaya sat ke anibandhana, asat ke nibandhana tathA niyama ke antargata evam azAstrIyatva, alaukikatva ke antargata nahIM aate| ata: kavisamaya kI paribhASA tathA bhedoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para vAgbhaTa dvArA vivecita kavisamayoM ko pAribhASika 'kavisamaya' ke antargata svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AcArya kezavamizra ne kavisamaya kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| ve bhI loka tathA kaviprasiddhi kA virodha upasthita hone para kavi prasiddhi kA hI mahatva svIkAra karate haiN| vibhinna kavisamayoM kA ullekha karane ke sAtha unhoMne bhI kucha anya viSayoM ko kavisamaya ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai jaise bhuvanoM, dizAoM evaM samudroM kI saMkhyA, vibhinna RtuoM ke varNya viSaya, vAmana ke samAna padaprayoga ke niym| kintu ye viSaya kavisamaya se pRthak viSaya haiM, kavisamaya meM inakA antarbhAva nahIM ho sktaa| kavisamaya kA vivecana agnipurANa meM bhI milatA hai| agnipurANa meM do prakAra ke kavisamayoM kA ullekha hai sAmAnya kavisamaya tathA vizeSa kvismy| kaviyoM ke vivAda ke pariNAmasvarupa jo prasiddha hote haiM, ve sAmAnya kavisamaya haiM, tathA jo kaviyoM ke paraspara vyavahAra se banate haiM ve niyama viziSTa kavisamaya haiN| kavisamaya kA isa prakAra kA bheda sarvaprathama agnipurANa meM milatA hai, kintu kAvyazAstra ke paribhASika 'kavisamaya' ke antargata kevala viziSTa kavisamaya hI AtA hai| AcArya devezvara kI 'kavikalpalatA'2 tathA AcArya amara siMha kI 'kAvyakalpalatAviveka' meM bhI kavisamaya vivecana hai, kintu isa vivecana meM maulikatA kA abhAva hai| kevala viziSTa kavisamayoM 1. yatra lokasya kavezca prasiddhayorvirodhastatra kaviprasiddhireva bliiysii| (marIci - 6 pRSTha - 19) alaGkArazekhara (kezava mizra) 2 asato'pi nibandhena nibandhena sato'pi vA niyamena ca jAtyAdeH kavInAM samayastridhA / 441 (prathama stavake tRtIyaM kummm| kavikalpalatA (devezvara)

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[159] kA hI unameM ullekha hai| vinayacandra kI kAvyazikSA meM bhI kevala kavisamaya ke bhedoM kA ullekha hai| rAjazekhara se pUrva AcAryoM ne kavisamaya kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA isa prazna ko uThAne kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| AcArya bhAmaha Adi na to kavizikSaka AcArya the aura na to unake granthoM kA kavizikSA se sambandha thaa| kavisamaya kA sambandha kavizikSA se hI hai| ataH kavizikSA se sambaddha grantha ke lekhaka tathA kavizikSaka AcArya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavisamaya ko apane vivecana kA viSaya bnaayaa| kavisamaya kA ullekha na milane kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki yaha viSaya taba nahIM thaa| kavisamaya se sambaddha varNana to bahuta pUrva kAlidAsa Adi mahAkaviyoM ke granthoM meM bahutAyata se milate haiM / AcArya rAjazekhara ke pazcAt isa viSaya kA navIna maulika vivecana na milane kA yaha kAraNa hai ki jaba kisI vastu athavA viSaya kA paripUrNa vivecana AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kiyA jA cukA hai taba paravartI AcAryoM ke lie usa viSaya kA navIna maulika rUpa to vivecana ke lie zeSa raha hI nahIM jaataa| ___ AcArya rAjazekhara kA vicAra hai ki kisI kAvyajJa ke dvArA hI kavi banane kI zikSA prApta kI jAnI caahie| kAvyanirmANa ke icchuka kavi ke lie kavisamaya kA jJAna Avazyaka hai aura inakA jJAna dene vAlA koI kAvyajJa hI ho sakatA hai| vibhinna kavisamaya : nadI meM kamala : nadI meM kamala kI sthiti satya nahIM hai kyoMki paGkajanmA kamala pravAhayukta jala meM nahIM khiltaa| ve apane saundarya se kevala sarovaroM ke baMdhe jala ko hI anugrahIta karate haiN| kintu prAyaH sabhI mahAkaviyoM ne nadI varNana ke prasaMga meM nadiyoM meM kamala kA ullekha avazya kiyA hai| kamalapuSpa kI usake saundarya ke kAraNa sarvatra prasiddhi hai| nadiyoM meM ina sundara puSpoM kA varNana karake nadiyoM ke saundarya kA abhivardhana karane kI tathA usake atizaya sundara rUpa ko prastuta karane kI kavi saundarya bhAvanA hI isa prakAra ke nibandhana ke sambandha meM kArya karatI pratIta hotI hai| jala kA astitva nadI aura sarovara donoM kI samAna vizeSatA hai| sarovara ke samAna hI nadI meM jala kI hI sthiti hone ke sAmya para kamala kI anya vizeSatAoM-baMdhe jala meM utpatti-ko vismRta kara kaviyoM ne apane kAvyopakAra hetu usa sundara kamala ko apanI kalpanA ke jagat meM nadI meM bhI sthAna de diyA tathA nadI ko atizaya saundarya pradAna kara

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[160] diyaa| kaviyoM ne kamaloM kI kevala jala meM utpatti rUpa vaiziSTya ko apanA kara sabhI jaloM meM unakI sthiti kA varNana kiyA cAhe nadI kA pravAhayukta jala ho athavA sarovara kA baMdhA jala, aura nadI ke varNana ko adhika sundaratama banAne ke lie nadI meM kamala varNana kI paramparA bana gii| sabhI jalAzayoM meM haMsa : kAvya tathya nirdhAraNa kama karatA hai, vaha sundara kalpanAoM kA Azraya adhika hai, kavigaNa sabhI jalAzayoM meM haMsAdi kA varNana karate haiM, jabaki sabhI jalAzayoM meM haMsAdi kI sthiti satya nahIM hai| haMsAdi kisI kisI jalAzaya meM hI pAe jAte haiM, kintu isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki haMsAdi pakSiyoM se yukta honA jalAzaya kA sundaratama rUpa hai| sabhI jalAzayoM meM haMsoM ke na hone para bhI unakA varNana sundara ko prastuta karane kI bhAvanA para hI AdhArita mAnA jA sakatA hai| jalAzaya varNana ke samaya kavi ke sammukha jalAzaya prastuta tathA pratyakSa hI rahatA ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai, kintu usakI kalpanA meM varNanakAla meM jalAzaya avazya hI upasthita rahatA hai aura kavi kalpanA sadA vastu ke sundaratama rUpa kA hI Azraya banatI hai| vastu ke sundaratama rUpa kA hI apanI kalpanA kI sUkSma dRSTi se dekhakara varNana karane vAle kavi sabhI jalAzayoM kA haMsAdi sahita hI varNana kareM to Azcarya nahIM hai| sabhI parvatoM meM savarNa ratnAdi: sabhI parvatoM meM suvarNa ratnAdi kA varNana bhI kaviyoM kI vastu ke sundaratama svarUpa ko prastuta karane kI bhAvanA para hI AdhArita hai| suvarNa ratnAdi kI sthiti parvatoM meM hotI hai, kintu sabhI parvatoM meM suvarNa ratnAdi hoM hI yaha anivArya nahIM hai / suvarNa, ratnAdi ke parvata meM pAe jAne ke sAmya para kAvya ke varNya viSaya banane vAle kisI bhI parvata ko sundaratama tathA samRddhatama banAne ke lie kaviyoM ne use suvarNa ratnAdi se yukta rUpa meM varNita karane kI paramparA banA lii| andhakAra kA muSTigrAhyatva tathA sUcIbhedyatva : kAvyoM meM andhakAra kA muSTigrAhya tathA sUcIbhedya svarUpa varNita hai, kintu yaha kalpanA hI hai satya nahIM, kyoMki na to andhakAra kI muSTigrAhyatA sambhava hai aura na suuciibhedytaa| kintu andhakAra ke atyanta pragAr3ha tathA ghanIbhUta rUpa ko prakaTa karane vAle kaviyoM ke isa prakAra ke varNana kAvya jagata kI

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[161] kramazaH paramparA bana ge| andhakAra apane ghanIbhUta rUpa meM kevala dhuMdha na hokara kaviyoM kI dRSTi meM aisI vastu bana jAtA hai jise muTThI meM pakar3A jA ske| kisI ghanIbhUta vastu ko hI muTThI meM pakar3anA sambhava hai| kisI tarala padArtha athavA dhue~ ke rUpa meM sthita padArtha ko nhiiN| andhakAra ko sUcIbhUdya kahane para bhI andhakAra kA ghanIbhUta svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai| ekatra hokara pragAr3ha hue andhakAra ke pAra kaviyoM kI kalpanA ke anusAra sUI jaisI tIkSNa, nukIlI aura kaThora vastu hI jA sakatI hai| vastutaH pragAr3ha andhakAra apane Apa meM sarvasva samAhita karane vAlA tathA Ara pAra kA patA na dene vAlA hotA hai| usake aise svarUpa ne hI use kaviyoM kI dRSTi meM sUcIgrAhya banA diyA / kavi kAlidAsa ne senA dvArA ur3I dhUla ko jisake kAraNa A~khoM ko kucha dikhAI nahIM detA sUcIbhedya mAnA hai| 1 isa ghanIbhUta raja ke Ara pAra komala netra nahIM dekha sakate, usake pAra pahuMcanA to suI kI noka ke lie hI sambhava hai| isI prakAra andhakAra ko bhI netroM dvArA bhedakara dekhanA sambhava nahIM hai isI kAraNa use sUcIbhedya mAnA gyaa| yaha satya na hokara bhI sundara kalpanA hai tathA andhakAra ke satya svarUpa ko svayaM kalpanA hokara bhI sundaratA se prakaTa karatI hai / jyotsanA kA kumbhApavAhAtva : kumbha meM athavA pAtra meM jyotsanA ko bharane kA varNana karane kI kAvyajagat meM paramparA hai, kintu jyotsanA to kevala prakAza rUpa hai, vaha na koI tarala padArtha hai na vastu jise kisI pAtra meM bhara sakanA sambhava ho, jyotsanA kA zubhra prakAza kevala sabhI vastuoM ko prakAzita hI karatA hai tathA jyotsanA meM rikta kumbha rakhane para usakA Antarika bhAga prakAzita ho sakatA hai sambhava hai isI AdhAra para kaviyoM ne jyotsanA ke kumbhApavAhyatva kI kalpanA kara lI ho| isake atirikta candramA amRtavarSI mAnA gayA hai| kintu usake dvArA kevala jyotsanA kA hI prasAraNa hotA hai| yadi candramA dvArA prasArita jyotsnA ko hI amRta rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAya to candramA ke amRtavarSI hone tathA usakI jyotsnA ke hI amRta hone kI kalpanA ke AdhAra para kaviyoM dvArA jyotsnA ke kumbhApavAhayatva rUpa meM varNana kI paramparA banI 1. mukhyaprabheauH pRtanArajazcayaiH (kumArasambhavam mahAkavikAlidAsa ) ( 14 38 ) (senAyAH rajasAM mamRhai: )

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[162] hogI, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| jyotsnA apane zveta prakAzita rUpa ke kAraNa mAnoM amRta rUpa meM ghar3e meM bhara jAtI hai| jyotsnA ke kumbhApavAhyatva rUpa kI kalpanA meM kaviyoM kI jyotsnA ke zubhra prakAzita svarUpa ko prakaTa karane kI, usakI adhikAdhika zubhratA kA varNana karane kI bhAvanA kA samAveza hai| cakravAka yugala kA rAtri meM bhinna-bhinna taToM para rahanA : kAvya meM kavi ke prema tathA viraha varNanoM ke AdhAra prAyaH cakravAka yugala banate haiN| kaviyoM kI kavisamaya rUpa kalpanA meM rAtri meM cakravAkayugala kI bhinna-bhinna taToM para sthiti tathA prAta: unakA milana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kintu sabhI kAvyazAstriyoM ke anusAra yaha kevala kalpanA hI hai, satya nhiiN| yadi cakravAkayugala kA rAtriviraha satya nahIM hai to kAvyavarNanoM ke prema, viraha, saMyoga, viyoga varNanoM kA mAdhyama ina pakSiyoM ko hI banAne kA kyA kAraNa hai? cakravAka yugala kA hI rAtri meM viyoga tathA dina meM milana ke pIche kyA vaiziSTya nihita hai? sambhavata: cakravAka pakSiyoM kA svara karuNa krandana jaisA pratIta hotA hogaa| usa svara ke vizeSa rUpa se rAtri meM hI mukharita hone ke kAraNa kaviyoM ne cakravAka pakSiyoM ke rAtri meM apane priya se alaga ho jAne kI tathA isI kAraNa apane priya ke viraha meM unake karuNa krandana karane kI kalpanA kI hogii| isa prakAra yahA~ yaha sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki cakravAka pakSiyoM kA rAtri meM hI viziSTa prakAra kA krandana jaisA svara kaviyoM kI isa mAnyatA kA AdhAra banA hogA ki rAtri meM viraha ke kAraNa hI cakravAka pakSI du:khI rahate haiM aura karuNa svara meM apane priya ko pukArate haiM, kintu dina meM priya se milana ho jAne se prasanna pakSI krandana nahIM krte| yaha asatya kalpanA kaviyoM ke lie apane kAvyapAtroM ke prema, viraha, saMyoga, viyoga ko prakaTa karane kA sundara mAdhyama banI tathA prema prastutIkaraNa kA yaha sundara mAdhyama paramparA rUpa meM sabhI kaviyoM dvArA apanAyA jAtA rhaa| cakravAka kA viziSTa svara hI isa kalpanA kA AdhAra hai isake udAharaNa svarUpa 'kirAtArjunIyam kA shlok| (9-14)1 1. 'yacchati pratimukhaM dayitAyai vAcamantikagate'pi shkuntau| nIyate sma natimujjhitaharSa paGkajaM mukhmivaamburuhinnyaa|| (9-14) kirAtArjunIyam (bhAravi)

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[163] cakoroM kA candrikApAna : kaviyoM kI kavisamaya ke rUpa meM cakoroM ke candrikApAna kI bhI eka sundara kalpanA hai| yaha satya nahIM hai ki cakora candrikApAna karate haiN| candrikA to prakAza mAtra hai koI tarala padArtha nahIM, jisakA peya rUpa sambhava ho| candramA ko amRtavarSI rUpa meM svIkAra karane kI kalpanA cakoroM ke candrikApAna kI kalpanA meM nihita mAnI jA sakatI hai| candramA dvArA barasAI gaI amRta rUpa jyotsanA ke cakoroM ke peya hone kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai kyoMki amRta tarala padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai tathA kevala tarala padArtha kA hI peya svarUpa sambhava hai, kintu yadi candrikA ko amRta rUpa mAnakara peya mAnA bhI jAe to bhI usake pAna kI kalpanA cakoroM ke lie hI kyoM kI gaI? isa viSaya meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki sambhavata: cakora pakSI muMha AkAza kI ora uThAe rahane ke tathA candramA ko dekhate rahane ke abhyasta hoM, unakA yahI abhyAsa kaviyoM ke lie cakoroM ke candrikApAna kI kalpanA kA AdhAra bana gayA hogaa| kaviyoM kI yaha sundara kalpanA candramA ke prati cakora ke prema pradarzana ke dvArA prema ke prastutIkaraNa kA sundara mAdhyama hI mAnI jA sakatI hai| yaza kA zveta tathA apayaza kA kRSNa varNa : yaza tathA apayaza bhAva haiM vastu nahIM, inakA koI varNa nahIM hotA, kintu kaviyoM ne inake svarUpa ke spaSTIkaraNa kA mAdhyama vargoM ko svIkAra kiyaa| kaviyoM kI dRSTi meM yaza kA zveta varNa hai tathA apayaza kA zyAma vrnn| yaza ke zveta zubhra varNa ko svIkAra karane kA kAraNa yaza kA prakAza ke samAna vaibhavazAlI tathA prasaraNazIla rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai| prakAza ke samAna hI yaza kA prasaraNa tathA isI kAraNa prakAza kA zubhra zveta varNa yaza ko bhI prakAza ke samAna zubhra zveta mAnane kI kalpanA kA AdhAra banA ho aisI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai| yaza ke viparIta apayaza kA kaviyoM ne usake zubhravarNa ke viparIta hI kRSNa athavA zyAma varNa svIkAra kiyA hai| apayaza bhI prasaraNazIla to hai, kintu vaibhavazAlI prasannatAdAyaka zubhra yaza ke samAna vyakti ke guNoM ko prakAzita nahIM karatA, kintu andhakAra ke samAna malina rUpa meM phailatA hai tathA vyakti ke avaguNoM ko malinatA sahita prakaTa karatA hai| malina vastu ke zyAmavarNa ke aMza kA honA avazyambhAvI hai| sambhavataH isI kAraNa malina apayaza kaviyoM kI kalpanA

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[164] ke anusAra andhakAra ke samAna zyAma varNa kA svIkAra kiyA gyaa| yaza, apayaza kA kAvya meM kevala nAma mAtra se ullekha na karake unakA varNa nizcita kara dene se kavi yaza,apayaza kA vibhinna zveta tathA zyAma viSayoM se sAmya karate hue unake varNanoM ko navInatA pradAna kara skaa| krodha tathA anurAga kA raktavarNa : krodha tathA anurAga kA kavi paramparA ke anusAra rakta varNa hai| krodha kI avasthA meM krodhI vyakti ke netroM tathA cehare kI tIvra lAlI ne hI kaviyoM ko krodha ke spaSTIkaraNa hetu use eka nizcita varNa pradAna karake kAvya meM prastuta karane kA mAdhyama kaviyoM ko diyA hogaa| krodha kI avasthA meM krodhI ke zArIrika vikAra jo raktavarNa se sambandha rakhate haiM, kAvya meM krodha ke nizcita varNa kI svIkRti ke mAdhyama bane hoNge| usI prakAra anurAga kI avasthA meM bhI raktavarNa se sambaddha vikAra netroM kI lAlI, tathA gAloM kA lajjA se lAla ho jAnA kAvya meM kavi ke lie anurAga kA rakta varNa nizcita kara dene kA mAdhyama bane hoNge| yadyapi krodha meM jahA~ zArIrika vikAra ke rakta varNa kA udaNDatA se sambandha hai, vahA~ anurAga meM dikhane vAle zArIrika raktavarNa kA saumyatA se| pApa kA zyAma tathA hAsa kA zukla varNa : pApa tathA hAsa bhI nizcita vargoM meM hI kAvya meM varNita hote haiN| kaviparamparA meM pApa kA zyAma varNa hai tathA hAsa kA zveta vrnn| andhakAra ke samAna malina svarUpa dhArI pApa jisase sambaddha hotA hai use malina hI banA detA hai| sambhavataH isI kAraNa pApa kA zyAma varNa kaviyoM ne svIkAra kiyA ho| hAsa prakAza jaisI prasannatA kA dyotaka hai| haMsane para dAtoM kI dhavala paMkti kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI hAsa ko kAvyoM meM zukla varNa pradAna kara sakatA hai, kintu kAvya meM smita ko bhI zukla varNa kA hI mAnA gayA hai jabaki usameM dAMta parilakSita nahIM hote| ataH hAsa ke prakAza ke samAna prasannatAdAyaka tathA zuklatva ke samAna manohArI hone ke kAraNa hI use kAvya meM zukla varNa diyA gayA aisI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| kAvya sundara kalpanAoM kA jagat hai| kavi vaijJAnika nahIM hai| kisI vastu athavA viSaya kA sat honA hI unakA varNya viSaya nahIM ho sktaa| sat hone ke sAtha hI sAtha kAvya viSaya banane ke lie saundaryAtizaya se yukta honA bhI Avazyaka hai|

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[165] basanta meM mAlatI kA varNana na karanA : basanta meM mAlatI puSpa kI sthiti sarvamAnya hai, kintu kavigaNa basanta meM mAlatI kA varNana nahIM krte| sambhava hai basanta meM phUlI mAlatI kA rUpa kaviyoM ko anya RtuoM kI apekSA kama sundara pratIta huA ho athavA isa anibandhana kA anya koI kAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai jo kaviyoM kI dRSTi meM rahA hai, kintu jisakA jJAna athavA sambhAvanA kaThina hai| candana meM phalaphUla kA varNana na karanA : candana vRkSa apane saurabha ke kAraNa paryApta sundara hai| use phUloM, phaloM ke saundarya se susajjita karake prastuta karanA kaviyoM ko vyartha hI pratIta huA hogaa| candana meM hone vAle puSpoM kI na to kavi kI varNanA ke anurUpa manohAritA hI hotI hogI aura na hI phaloM kA koI lAbha / ataH kevala saundaryAtizaya ke varNana se sambandhita kavi candana meM vyartha phaloM tathA puSpoM kA varNana kyoM karate? ina phaloM, phUloM kI vyarthatA ne hI unheM sat hone para bhI kavi kI dRSTi meM asat banA diyaa| kaviyoM ke varNanIya to kamala jaise puSpa tathA sahakAra jaise phala hI adhika haiN| azoka meM phaloM kA varNana na karanA : kAvya meM azoka vRkSa meM phaloM kA anibandhana kaviyoM kI aisI hI svIkRti kA pariNAma hai, azoka vRkSa meM tathA pallavoM meM jo saundarya hai vaha azoka ke phaloM meM nizcaya hI nahIM hotA hogaa| azoka vRkSa ko dekhane para kaviyoM kI dRSTi usake hare bhare pallavoM tathA saghana chAyA para hI adhika jAtI hogii| isake atirikta jina phaloM kI upayogitA nahIM hai tathA saundarya evaM kavi kI sundara kalpanA se sambandha bhI nahIM hai, kavi una vyartha phaloM kA apane kAvya meM varNana nahIM krte| kavi kI saundarya nirIkSikA dRSTi meM to ve sat hokara bhI asat hI haiN| kRSNapakSa meM jyotsanA kA tathA zukla pakSa meM andhakAra kA varNana na karanA : kRSNapakSa meM candramA kI pUrNatA na hone ke kAraNa andhakAra kA Adhikya hotA hai tathA zuklapakSa meM pUrNa candra apanI jyotsanA tathA prakAza ke dvArA andhakAra ko alpamAtrA meM hI rahane detA hai| jyotsanA kI sthiti kRSNapakSa meM bhI hotI hai kintu usakI mAtrA alpa hone ke kAraNa usameM zukla pakSa kI candra

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[166] jyotsanA kA saundarya nahIM hotaa| andhakAra ke sAmane vaha phIkI lagatI hai| isI kAraNa kaviyoM ko usameM saundarya nahIM dikhtaa| kRSNapakSa meM apanI pragAr3hatA ke kAraNa andhakAra hI kaviyoM ko sundara lagatA hai| isI kAraNa ve kRSNapakSa meM kevala andhakAra kA hI varNana karate haiM, jyotsanA kA nhiiN| zuklapakSa meM pUrNacandra kI pUrNa prakAzita zubhra jyotsanA ke sammukha andhakAra sthita hone para bhI phIkA sA pratIta hotA hai| isI kAraNa zuklapakSa meM andhakAra nahIM, kintu pUrNa saundaryayukta jyotsanA hI kaviyoM kA varNya viSaya banatI hai| dina meM nIlakamala ke vikAsa kA varNana na karanA : nIlakamala jise kumuda bhI kahate haiM kaviyoM ke anusAra kevala rAtri meM hI vikasita hotA hai| dina meM nIlakamala ke vikAsa kA varNana karane kI kavijagat meM paramparA nahIM hai, jabaki raktakamala, suvarNakamala tathA zveta kamala sabhI kA dina meM vikAsa kAvya meM varNita hotA hai| kAvya meM nIla, zyAma tathA kRSNa varNoM kI ekatA mAnI gaI hai| sambhavataH nIlakamala kI rAtri ke varNa se samAnatA ke AdhAra para hI usake rAtri meM vikAsa kI kalpanA kI gaI ho / rAtri meM zephAlikA kusumoM ke DAla se girane kA varNana na karanA : zephAlikA ke sundara sugandhita puSpa prAtaH kAla hone ke pUrva rAtri meM hI DAloM se girakara pRthvI para bikhara jAte haiN| pRthvI para bikhare rahakara adhika dera taka par3e rahane se unakA murajhA jAnA svAbhAvika hai| prakRti kA ina puSpoM ko rAtri meM DAla se girAne vAlA niyama unake saundarya ko vyartha hI karatA hai sambhavata: isI kAraNa kaviyoM ne zephAlikA kusumoM ke rAtri meM DAla se girane kA varNana nahIM kiyA, kyoMki rAtri meM unakA DAla se giranA vaisA hI hai jaise jaMgala meM mayUra kA nRtya, jise dekhane vAlA, prazaMsA karane vAlA koI na ho / kundana kI kaliyoM evaM kAmiyoM ke dA~toM ke raktavarNa kA varNana na karanA : kundana kI kaliyoM evaM kAmiyoM ke dAMtoM kA sat rUpa meM raktavarNa hai kintu kaviyoM meM kundana kI kaliyoM tathA kAmiyoM ke dAMtoM ke raktavarNa meM varNana kI paramparA nahIM hai| ina nibandhana niyamoM meM kaviyoM kI koI saundarya bhAvanA hI hogii| kaliyoM meM tathA dAMtoM meM kaviyoM ko zveta varNa meM hI saundarya dRSTigata huA hogaa|

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[167] kamala kaliyoM ke haritavarNa tathA priyaGgu puSpoM ke pIta varNa kA varNana na karanA : kamala kaliyoM ke haritavarNa kA kaviyoM dvArA varNana nahIM kiyA jaataa| kaliyoM kI zvetimA meM hI saundarya isakA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| isake atirikta kaliyoM kA patroM se vaiSamya dikhalAne ke lie hI sambhavataH kaliyoM ke haritavarNa kA varNana nahIM huaa| priyaGgu puSpoM ke pItavarNa kA varNana na karane meM bhI kaviyoM kA sundara ko hI prastuta karane kA sabhI kaviyoM meM sthita koI samAna bhAva hI kAraNa rahA hogaa| kavijagat kI eka paramparA aneka sthAnoM meM pAI jAne vAlI vastuoM kA eka sthAna meM varNana rUpa bhI hai| makarAdi kA kevala samudra meM varNana : makarAdi jIva nadI meM bhI pAe jAte haiM, kintu kavigaNa unakA kevala samudra meM hI varNana karate haiN| isa viSaya ke sambandha meM kaviyoM kI aucitya ko prastuta karane kI bhAvanA kA samAveza mAnA jA sakatA hai| makarAdi kI vizAlatA tathA bhayaMkaratA se samudra kI vizAlatA kA hI sambandha ho sakatA hai, nadiyoM kA nhiiN| isI kAraNa kavi samudra meM hI makarAdi kA varNana karate haiM nadI meM nahIM, aisI sambhAvanA hai / tAmraparNI nadI hI motiyoM kA sthAna : motiyoM kA sthAna kavi paramparAnusAra kevala tAmraparNI nadI meM hI mAnA gayA hai, kintu vastutaH motiyA~ anya sthAnoM meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| ataH kevala tAmraparNI nadiyoM meM hI motiyoM kI sthiti kI kaviyoM dvArA mAnya svIkRti kA tAmraparNI nadI meM motiyoM kA Adhikya, saundarya athavA isI prakAra kA anya koI vizeSa kAraNa ho sakatA hai| kevala malayAcala meM hI candana kI utpatti : kavi candana kA utpatti sthAna kevala malayAcala ko hI svIkAra karate haiM, kintu candana kI utpatti ke sthAna malayAcala ke atirikta anya bhI hai malayAcala meM utpanna candana sambhavataH anya

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[168] sthAnoM ke candana se zreSTha ho aura sambhava hai unakI yahI zreSThatA kAvya meM unake kevala malayAcala meM hI nibandhana kA AdhAra banI ho / bhUrjapatroM kA kevala himAlaya meM hI varNana candana kA kevala malayAcala meM hI varNana karane ke samAna hI kaviyoM kI eka anya kavi paramparA hai bhUrjapatroM kA kevala himAlaya meM hI varNana karane kI / isa prakAra ke nibandhana ke kAraNa rUpa meM do prakAra kI sambhAvanAe~ kI jA sakatI haiN| ekAnta hone ke kAraNa prAcIna kAla meM lekhana kArya tapasvI RSigaNa himAlaya para hI karate rahe hoMge / ataH bhUrjapatroM kA vahA~ Adhikya se prayoga hotA rahA hogaa| isake atirikta himAlaya para bhUrjapatroM kA Adhikya bhI isa prakAra ke nibandhana kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| kokila ke svara kA basanta meM hI varNana : madhurabhASiNI kokila kA svara basanta ke sAtha hI varSA tathA grISma RtuoM meM bhI mukharita hotA hai, kintu kAvyajagat meM kokila kA svara kevala basanta Rtu meM hI varNita hai| isa prakAra ke nibandhana ke do sambhAvita kAraNa prastuta kie jA sakate haiN| prathama to kokila ke svara kI mukharatA basanta se hI Arambha hotI hai| varSa meM sarvaprathama hone vAle isa madhura svara kI navInatA kaviyoM ko adhika AkarSita karatI rahI hogii| isake atirikta basanta meM kokila kI priya vastu sahakAramaJjarI kI prApti bhI kokila ke madhura svara ke Arambha kA kAraNa hotI hai| sahakAra majjarI ko pAkara prasannatA ke kAraNa mAdaka kokila svara kaviyoM ko saundarya kI dRSTi se adhika AkarSaka pratIta huA hogA / grISma tathA varSA meM sabhI kokila kA madhura svara sunane ke abhyasta ho jAte haiM / ataH basanta meM navInatA ke kAraNa madhura kokila svara meM dhyAnAkarSaNa kI zakti kA jitanA Adhikya hogA utanA grISma tathA varSA ke kokila svara meM usake madhura hone para bhI nirantaratA ke kAraNa nahIM hogaa| ataH kokila ke svara kI navInatA tathA mAdakatA ke AkarSaNa ke kAraNa kaviyoM ne usakA kevala basanta meM hI varNana karane kI paramparA banA lI hogii|

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[169] bhAravi ke kirAtArjunIyam meM kavisamaya ke viruddha varSA meM bhI kokila ke madhura svara kA varNana milatA hai| (10-22)1 isa zloka se prakaTa hotA hai ki prasanna hone para hI kokila ke svara meM adhika mAdhurya hotA hai| yahA~ pake jambU phala ke upayoga se kokila adhika prasanna hai| isa zloka kI mallinAtha TIkA meM varpAsvapi madhurA:svarA:kokilAyAH iti prasiddhiH' kathana hai| priya sahakAramanjarI ke kAraNa hI kokila kA prasanna svara hotA hai isa viSaya ko bhAravi ke 'kirAtArjunIyam' kA zloka (5-26)2 siddha karatA hai, kyoMki sahakAra manjarI ke samAna gandhayukta hAthiyoM ke madajala kI sugandha ke kAraNa kokila akAla (basanta ke atirikta samaya) meM madayukta hai| basanta meM AmramanjarI kI sUcanA sarvaprathama kokila ke zabdoM se hI prApta hotI hai| (4-14kumArasaMbhava) sAmAnyataH basanta meM kokila ke svara ke sAtha sahakAra maJjarI kA varNana kavi avazya karate haiN| mayUra ke nRtya tathA zabda kA kevala varSA meM varNana : mayUra kA nRtya tathA zabda varSA ke atirikta anya RtuoM meM bhI hotA hai, kintu kavi kAvyajagat kI paramparA ke anusAra usakA kevala varSA meM hI varNana karate haiN| bAdaloM ko dekhakara mayUroM kA prasannatA se nRtya karane tathA mAdaka svara mukharita karane kA kAraNa varSA Rtu kA mayUroM kA garbhAdhAna kAla honA hai| isa Rtu meM mayUroM kI prasannatA unake nRtya ko jitanA sundara, hRdayagrAhI tathA svara ko jitanA mAdaka banA detI hai, utanA anya RtuoM meM nhiiN| 1. vyathitamapi bhRzaM mano harantI prinntjmbuuphlopbhoghRssttaa| parabhRtayuvatiH svanaM vitene navanavayojitakaNTharAgaramyam (10-22) kirAtArjunIyam (bhAravi) 2 sAdRzyaM gatamapanidracUtagandhairAmodaM madajalasekajam ddhaanH| etasminmadayati kokilAnakAle lInAliH surakariNAM kapolakASa : (5-26) kirAtArjunIyam (bhAravi) 3. haritAruNacArubandhana: kalapuMskokilazabdasUcitaH vada saMprati kasya bANatAM navacUtaprasavo gamiSyati (4-14) kumArasaMbhavam (kAlidAsa)

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[170] mayUra kA svara vastutaH asundara hI hotA hai, parantu saMbhavataH varSA meM madavRddhi ke kAraNa mayUra ke svara meM saundarya A jAtA hai| varSA meM madavRddhi ke kAraNa mayUra prasanna hokara nRtya karatA hai isI kAraNa usakA prasanna svara usake sundara nRtya ke kAraNa manohArI laga sakatA hai| madAtyayAdaraktakaNThasya rUte zikhaNDinaH kirAtArjunIyam (4-25) isI kAraNa atizaya saundaryagrAhI kavigaNa usakA kevala varSA meM hI varNana karate haiM / mayUroM ke anya RtuoM ke nRtya tathA zabda meM pUrNa praphullatA tathA pUrNollAsa na hone ke kAraNa varSA Rtu meM hone vAle nRtya tathA zabda kI apekSA AkarSaNa kA abhAva avazya hI hogaa| ataH yaha viSaya anya RtuoM meM kaviyoM kA varNanIya nahIM bnaa| meghoM kA kRSNa, puSpoM kA zveta tathA mANikya kA raktavarNa : kavi prAyaH meghoM kA kRSNa varNa meM, puSpoM kA zveta varNa meM tathA mANikya kA rakta varNa meM varNana karate haiM, yadyapi megha, puSpa tathA mANikya ke vibhinna varNa prApta hote haiM tathA AvazyakatA par3ane para unakA varNana bhI kiyA jAtA hai| kintu kRSNa varNa ke meghoM kA meghoM kI paricAyaka varSA Rtu se sambandha, adhikAMzata: zveta varNa meM puSpoM ke saundarya kI garimA, tathA Adhikya se prApta mANikya (mUMge) kA lAla raMga-kaviyoM ko ina vastuoM kA prAyaH nizcita varNoM meM hI varNana karane ko prerita karate hoM aisI sambhAvanA hai / kavisamayoM ke rUpa meM kaviyoM ne asat kA nibandhana, sat kA anibandhana tathA aneka sthAnoM para hone vAlI vastuoM kA eka sthAna para niyamana kyoM kiyA isa viSaya meM pramANa nahIM milte| isa prakAra ke nibandhanoM ke svarUpa ke AdhAra para unake nibandhana ke kAraNa kI kevala sambhAvanA hI kI jA sakatI hai| ina viparIta varNanoM kA AdhAra kaviyoM kI kalpanA hI hai yA satya yaha nizcita karane kA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| vastutaH to satya se bhinna pratIta hone vAlI ina kalpanAoM kI varNanIyatA meM jo viziSTa kAraNa rahe hoMge ve jJAta nahIM ho ske| ina asatya kalpanAoM ko kisI samaya athavA sthAna ke satya ke rUpa meM prastuta karane vAlA rAjazekhara kA kathana ki "vidvAnoM ne zAstroM ke adhyayana tathA loka meM

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[171] paribhramaNa karake jina arthoM ko prApta kara praNIta kiyA unakA hI deza, kAla se anyathAtva ho jAne para bhI usI rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa hotA rhaa|'' isa viSaya meM bhrama utpanna karatA hai| kaviyoM kI kalpanAoM ke satya rUpa ke anveSaNa kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM hai| kaviyoM kI kalpanA kA AdhAra koI na koI satya avazya hotA hai, kintu kalpanAe~ hI satya hoM to ve kavikalpanA kahA~ hai? taba to ve tathya tathA yathArtha ke nikaTa haiM jo kalpanA jagat se pare hai| kavisamaya sambaddha asatya kalpanAoM ko kisI viziSTa bhAvanA se prerita hokara hI kaviyoM ne prastuta kiyA hogA kevala yahI mAnA jA sakatA hai| satya se viparIta dikhane vAlA kavisamayoM kA rUpa kevala kalpanA hI nahIM hai, vaha vidvAnoM ko kabhI upalabdha bhI huA thA, tathA zAstra aura loka se apane mUla rUpa meM bhinna bhI nahIM thA, yaha kevala rAjazekhara kI hI mAnyatA hai, jo alaukika sundara kalpanAoM ke rUpa ko kabhI laukika, tathA zAstrIya batAkara unake usa laukika, zAstrIya mUlAdhAra ke anveSaNa hetu prerita karatI hai, sAtha hI bhramita bhI karatI hai| kavisamayoM ke Aja ke azAstrIya, alaukika rUpa kabhI laukika aura zAstrIya the isakA pramANa prApta kara sakanA kaThina hai| isake atirikta kAvya ko vijJAna kI kasauTI para kasane kA koI tAtparya nahIM hai| kAvya kaviyoM kI alaukika kalpanAoM para sadA hI AdhArita rahA hai| sabhI alaukika kalpanAoM meM loka ke asundara se Upara uThakara sundara ko prastuta karane kI hI bhAvanA nihita hai| usakA rUpa laukika bhI thA isakA pramANa prastuta karane kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai? vibhinna varNoM evaM vastuoM kA paraspara aikya : uparokta kavisamayoM ke atirikta kavi vibhinna vargoM evaM vastuoM kA varNana kI dRSTi se paraspara aikya svIkAra karate haiN| unhoMne kAvya jagat meM kRSNa aura harita ko, kRSNa aura nIla ko, kRSNa aura zyAma ko, pIta aura rakta ko, zakla aura gaura ko eka samAna mAnA hai| kavi kAvyoM meM kSIra aura kSAra 1. pUrve hi vidvAMsaH sahasrazAkhaM sAGgaM ca vedamavagAhya, zAstrANi cAvabudhya, dezAntarANi dvIpAntarANi ca paribhramya, yAnarthAnupalabhya praNItavantasteSAm dezakAlAntaravazena anyathAtve'pi tathAtvenopanibandho yaH saH kvismyH| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturdaza adhyAya)

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[172] samudra, sAgara tathA mahAsamudra, candramA meM zaza tathA hariNa, kAma dhvaja meM makara tathA matsya, atri ke netra tathA samudra se utpanna candramA, dvAdaza AdityoM, nArAyaNa aura mAdhava, dAmodara, zeSa tathA kUrma Adi, kamalA aura sampadA, -nAga aura sarpa, daitya, dAnava tathA asura Adi kI paraspara ekatA svIkAra karate haiN| apanI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa ina vargoM tathA viSayoM ke prastutIkaraNa kA sAmarthya prApta karanA isa aikya ko svIkAra karane kA kAraNa pratIta hotA hai| kisI harita vastu kA kavi cAhe to kRSNa varNa meM varNana kara sakate haiM cAhe harita varNa meM isI prakAra kAvya meM anya varNoM kA bhI paraspara sAmya svIkRta huA hai| varNana kI vividhatA ko prApta karanA tathA kAvyajagat meM kaviyoM ke varNanoM meM paraspara vaiSamya hone para jo doSa kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai use dUra karanA hI isa prakAra ke varNanoM kI samAna bhAva se svIkRti kA AdhAra hai| kabhI varNana meM kRSNa vastu kA harita varNa prastuta karane kA adhika aucitya hotA hai kabhI kRSNa varNa / isI prakAra kRSNa vastu kabhI nIla varNa meM prastuta kI jAe to kAvya saundarya kI pratIti adhika hotI hai aura kabhI kRSNa varNa meM prastuta kI jAe to adhika ina kavisamayoM ke kAraNa apane varNanIya viSaya kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra jaisA varNana aucityapUrNa ho kavi apanA sakate haiN| apane pAtroM ke vividha bhAvoM ko kavi unake netroM ke dvArA prakaTa karate haiM, isI kAraNa kaviyoM kI vividha prakAra ke bhAvoM ke prakaTIkaraNa hetu netravarNanoM kI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa kAvyajagat meM netroM ke bhI vividha varNa svIkAra kie gae haiM- zveta, zyAma, kRSNa tathA mizra sabhI vargoM meM kAvyoM meM netra varNana kI paramparA hai| doSa kI sambhAvanA hI na raha jAe isI kAraNa isa prakAra ke vaividhya kI svIkRti hai| anyathA kAvyoM meM varNoM ke, vastuoM tathA netroM ke paraspara bhinnatA rakhane vAle varNana kAvya doSa bana jAte, kyoMki kavi ke lie pUrva prayogoM ke nirIkSaNa kA vizeSa mahatva hai| kintu ina kavisamayoM ke sambandha meM kAvyavarNanoM meM paraspara vaividhya kaviyoM kI sarvamAnya paramparA ke rUpa meM svIkRta hone ke kAraNa doSa nahIM haiM /

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[173] kavi vibhinna vastuoM kA bhI paraspara aikya svIkAra karate haiN| kavi paraspara bhinna varNana karate haiN| eka kavi apane varNya viSaya ke anurUpa candramA meM zaza kA varNana karatA hai tathA dUsarA hariNa kaa| kAvyaparamparA ke anusAra na to zaza kA varNana doSa mAnA gayA hai, na hariNa kaa| apane varNya viSaya ke aucitya ke anusAra kavi jaisA cAhe varNana kara sakate haiN| yadi ina viSayoM kA paraspara aikya svIkRta na hotA to kAvya meM doSoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi ho jaatii| kAvyajagat meM vaiSamya ho jAtA, eka prakAra ke kavi varNana ke AdhAra para dUsare kavi kA varNana doSa mAnA jaataa| ina viSayoM kA aikya svIkAra karane se kaviyoM ko apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra varNana kI svatantratA prApta hai| ina vibhinna aikyoM kI svIkRti ke atirikta kavijagat meM kaviyoM ko kAmadeva kA svarUpa mUrta tathA amUrta donoM rUpoM meM prastuta karane kI svatantratA hai| vaividhya yukta kAvyaracanA tathA varNya viSaya kA svAtantrya prApta karanA hI isa prakAra kI mAnyatAoM kI svIkRti kA lakSya hai| ziva ke mastaka meM sthita candramA kA sadA bAla rUpa hI kAvya meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isakA sambhAvita kAraNa yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki candramA kI kalAe~ ghaTatI bar3hatI rahatI haiM, kintu ziva ke mastaka meM sthita kalA sadA khaNDarUpa meM hI rahatI hai, kabhI vRddhi ko prApti nahIM karatI aura na kabhI pUrNa candra hI banatI hai| sambhava hai isIlie zivacandra kA kevala bAlarUpa hI kAvya meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| vRkSadohada : kAvyajagat ke uparokta viziSTa varNanoM ke atirikta isa kSetra kA eka aura vaiziSTya hai-vRkSoM meM asamaya sundariyoM ke vibhinna prayatnoM se puSpoM ke udgama kA vrnnn| sundariyoM ke caraNAghAta se azoka kA, vIkSaNa se tilaka kA, AliGgana se kurabaka kA, striyoM ke sparza se priyaGgu kA, mukha se secana se bakula kA, narmavAkya se mandAra kA, mRduhAsa se caMpaka kA, mukha kI vAyu se sahakAra (cUta) kA, gIta se namerU kA tathA sammukha nRtya karane se karNikAra ke vikAsa kI

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[174] svIkRti vRkSadohada hai|| vRkSadohada varNana kI paramparA rAjazekhara se bahuta pUrva kAlidAsAdi ke kAvyoM meM adhikatA se pAI jAtI hai| kintu vRkSadohada ko AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcAryoM kezavamizra tathA vizvanAtha ne hI kavisamaya mAnA hai| kavisamaya kA vistRta varNana karane para bhI rAjazekhara ne kavisamaya ke prasaMga meM vRkSadohada kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| kavisamaya kI sarvaprathama pUrNa rUpa meM vivecanA karane vAle AcArya rAjazekhara ke grantha meM usakI vivecanA na hone kA kAraNa vicAraNIya hai| kyA rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM vRkSadohada zAstrIya aura lokika the? kyA vastuta: striyoM ke saMparka se vRkSoM meM vikAsa rUpa kisI satyatA kA usa samaya astitva thA? yadyapi striyoM ke prayatna se asamaya puSpodgama kalpanA mAtra hI pratIta hotA hai, satya nhiiN| vRkSoM ke asamaya vikAsa kA striyoM se samparka to kevala kaviyoM ne hI jor3A hai / vastuta: yaha loka kI athavA zAstrIya satyatA thI yA nahIM isake pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiN| pramANoM ke abhAva meM kevala kaviyoM dvArA hI varNita ina viSayoM ko alaukikatA ke kAraNa kavisamaya rUpa meM hI svIkArya honA caahie| rAjazekhara dvArA inake vivecana na kie jAne kA sambhavataH yaha kAraNa ho ki yaha viSaya ve hI rahe hoM jinheM kaviyoM ne kevala prayoga dekhakara rUr3ha kara diyA ho, kintu ve kucha viziSTa nizcita kavisamayoM se bhinna hoN| athavA sambhava hai rAjazekhara ne kevala kucha pramukha kavisamayoM kA vivecana kiyA ho, anya bahuta se pracalita kavisamayoM ko unake vivecana meM sthAna na milA ho aura unhIM ke bIca yaha vRkSa dohada rUpa kavisamaya bhI raha gae hoM, kintu rAjazekhara ke ullekhoM se to pratIta nahIM hotA ki unake vivecana meM kucha pramukha hI kavisamaya antanihita haiN| unake vivecana meM sabhI kavisamayoM ke (jo unakI dRSTi meM vastutaH kavisamaya the) antarbhAva kI pratIti hotI hai| 1. dohada [sundarIcaraNaghAtenAzokaH puSyatIti prasiddhi: 'asUta sadyaH kusumAnyazokaH' 'pAdena nApaikSata sundarINAM samparkamAziJjitanUpureNa' (kumArasaMbhavam - 3/26) iti| ataH pAdAghAta evAzokasya dohada iti dinkrH| tathA coktam 'padAghAtAdazokastilakakurabakau vIkSaNAliGganAbhyAm strINAM sparzAtpriyaGgavikasatibakula: siidhugnndduusssekaat| mandAro narmavAkyAt paTumRduhasanAccaMpako vaktravAtAt cUto gItAnnamerurvikasati ca puro nrtnaatkrnnikaarH|| iti] raghuvaMzam (8-64 kI TIkA meM)

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'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kavisamaya ke bheda : kaviyoM dvArA paramparArUpa meM svIkRta siddhAnta rUpa kavisamaya ke tIna bheda svIkRta haiM- bhauma kavisamaya, svargya kavisamaya tathA pAtAlIya kavisamaya / 1 bhauma kavisamaya ke jAti, guNa, kriyA aura dravya rUpa cAra bheda haiN| ina bhedoM ke punaH tIna bheda haiM kavisamaya bhauma jAti -sat kA anibandhana |-asat kA nibandhana - niyama svargya [175] dravya -sat kA anibandhana -asat kA anibandhana - niyama pAtAlIya kriyA - sat kA anibandhana -asat kA anibandhana - niyama guna -sat kA anibandhana -asat kA anibandhana - niyama 1 sa ca tridhA svagya bhaumaH pAtAlIyazca svargapAtAlIyayorbhImaH pradhAnaH sa hi mahAviSayaH sa ca caturddhA jAtidravyaguNakriyArUpArthatayA / te'pi pratyekaM tridhA asato nibandhanAt sato'pyanibandhanAt niyamatazca / kAvyamImAMsA - ( caturdaza adhyAya)

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[176] AcArya rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA meM to ina kavisamayoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| paravartI AcAryoM jaise hemacandra, devezvara, kezavamizra, vizvanAtha Adi ne bhI inakA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara tathA paravartI AcAryoM ne jina kavisamayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM 'asat' kA nibandhanA rUpa kavisamaya ke antargata nadI meM kamala, nIlakamala Adi kA honA, jalAzaya mAtra meM haMsAdi kI sthiti, sarvatra parvatoM meM suvarNa ratnAdi kA honA, andhakAra kA muSTigrAhya aura sUcIbhedya honA, jyotsnA kA ghar3e meM bharA jAnA, cakravAka mithuna kA rAtri meM bhinna-bhinna taToM para rahanA, cakoroM kA candrikApAna, yaza aura hAsa kI zuklatA, ayaza aura pApa kI kRSNatA, krodha aura anurAga Adi kI raktatA antanihita hai| 'sat kA anibandhana'2 ke antargata ullikhita kavisamayoM meM basanta meM mAlatI ke hone para bhI usakA varNana na karanA, candana meM puSpaphala kA varNana na karanA, azoka meM phala kA varNana na karanA kRSNapakSa meM jyotsnA ke hone para bhI usakA varNana na karanA, zukla pakSa meM andhakAra kA varNana na karanA, tathA dina meM nIlakamala ke vikAsa kA varNana na karanA tathA rAtri meM zephAlikA kusumoM ke DAla se girane kA varNana na karanA, kundana kI kaliyoM evaM kAmiyoM ke dA~toM ke raktavarNa kA varNana na karanA, kamalakaliyoM ke haritavarNa kA varNana na karanA, priyaMGga puSpoM ke pItavarNa kA varNana na karanA Adi haiN| aneka sthAnoM meM pracalita vyavahAroM kA eka hI sthAna meM prayoga karate hue unakA niyamana kavisamaya ke hI eka bheda rUpa meM svIkRta hai3 isake antargata makara Adi kA kevala samudra meM varNana, tAmraparNI nadI meM hI motiyoM kA varNana, malayAcala meM hI candana kI utpatti, himAlaya meM hI bhUrjapatroM kA honA, grISma aura varSA meM bhI hone vAle kokila zabda kA kevala basanta meM hI varNana, mayUra ke nRtya c| 1. tatra sAmAnyasyAsato nibandhanaM ythaa| nadISu padyotpalAdIni, jalAzayamAtre'pi haMsAdayo, yatra tatra parvateSu suvarNaratnAdikaM kAvyamImAMsA - (caturdaza adhyAya) 2 sto'pynibndhnN| tadyathA na mAlatI vasante, na puSpaphalaM candanagumeSu, na phlmshokessu| kAvyamImAMsA - caturdaza adhyAya 3. anekatra pravRttavRttInAmekatrAcaraNaM niymstdythaa| samudreSveva makarAH, tAmrapamiva mauktikaani| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturdaza adhyAya)

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[177] evam zabda kA kevala varSA meM hI varNana, tathA sAmAnyata: mANikya ke lAla, puSpoM ke zveta tathA meghoM ke kaSNa varNa kA varNana karanA Adi haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara, hemacandra tathA devezvara ke kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM prAyaH isa sabhI kavisamayoM kA ullekha hai| kucha ko chor3akara zepa sabhI kezavamizra tathA vizvanAtha ke kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM bhI ullikhita haiN| kAvya meM varNita ina kAvyazAstrIya AcAryoM ne kAvya meM kucha anya kavisamayoM kA bhI samAna rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai yathA kRSNa aura nIla, kRSNa aura harita, kRSNa aura zyAma, pIta aura rakta tathA zukla ora gauravarNoM kA samAna rUpa se varNana, netroM kA zveta, zyAma, kRSNa aura mizra sabhI vargoM meM ullekha, kSIra aura kSAra samudra kI ekatA, sAgara aura mahAsamudra kI ekatA, pratApa meM raktatA tathA uSNatA kA varNana, varSAkAla meM haMsoM ke mAnasarovara cale jAne kA varNana, sabhI jaloM meM sevAla kA pAyA jAnA aadi| AcArya kezavamizra tathA vizvanAtha vRkSadohada ko bhI kavisamaya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| striyoM ke caraNAghAta, mukhasiMcana tathA AliMgana se kucha vRkSoM meM puSpotpatti ko vRkSadohada kahA gayA hai| vRkSadohada rUpa kavisamaya kA ullekha AcArya rAjazekhara ne nahIM kiyA hai| kavisamaya kA apane kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM vivecana karane vAle AcAryoM ne svarNya tathA pAtAlIya kavisamayoM kA bhI samAna rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| svargya kavisamayoM ke antargata candramA meM zaza aura hariNa kI ekatA, kAmadhvaja meM makara aura matsya kI ekatA, atri ke netra se utpanna tathA samudra se utpanna candramA kI ekatA, bahukAla se janma hone para bhI zivacandra kI bAlatA, kAma kI mUrtatA, amUrtatA, dvAdaza AdityoM kI ekatA, nArAyaNa aura mAdhava kI ekatA, dAmodara, zeSa aura kUrma Adi meM ekatA, kamalA aura sampadA meM ekatA Adi haiN| pAtAlIya kavisamayoM meM nAga aura sarpa kI ekatA, daitya, dAnava aura asuroM kI ekatA ullikhita hai|

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[178] vibhinna mahAkAvyoM meM kavisamaya kA prayoga saMskRta sAhitya se kavisamaya se sambaddha varNanoM kA vizAla bhaMDAra ekatra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI sandarbha meM kucha prasiddha mahAkAvyoM ke kavisamaya sambandhI ullekha yahA~ para prastuta haiN| kirAtArjunIyam ( mahAkavi bhAravi) varSA meM mayUra ke svara meM saundarya madAtyayAdaraktakaNThasya rute zikhaNDinaH (4-25) saMbhavataH varSA meM madavRddhi ke kAraNa prasanna mayUra ke svara meM saundarya kaviyoM ko pratIta huaa| vastutaH mayUra kA svara asundara hI hotA hai| vegavatI nadI meM kamala : sphuTasarojavanA javanA nadI (5-7) basanta na hone para bhI kokila kA madayukta svara: sAdRzyaM gatamapanidracUtagandhairAmodam madajalasekajaM ddhaanH| etasminmadayati kokilAnakAle lInAliH surakariNAM kpolkaassH|| (5-26) kavigaNa kokila ke svara kA vasanta meM hI varNana karate haiM-isakA kAraNa hai basanta meM apanI priya vastu sahakAramaJjarI ko pAkara kokila kA madayukta svara adhika sundara hotA hai| kavigaNa kAvya meM saundaryAtizaya ke hI abhilASI hote haiN| mahAkavi bhAravi kA prastuta zloka siddha karatA hai ki priya sahakAramaJjarI ke kAraNa hI kokila kA svara prasanna hotA hai, kyoMki sahakAramaJjarI ke samAna gandhayukta hAthiyoM ke madajala kI sugandha ke kAraNa kokila akAla meM hI (basanta ke atirikta samaya meM) madayukta hai|

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[179] nadI meM kamala : sarojarajasAruNitam sariduttarIyamiva saMhatimatsa taraGgaraGgi kalahaMsakulam (6-6) atha sphuranmInavidhUtapaGkajA---------vadhUH surApagA (8-27) rAtri meM cakravAkamithuna kA alaga alaga taToM para rahanA tathA kamala kA rAtrisaMkoca : tIrAntarANi mithunAni rathAGganAmanAm nItvA vilolitsrojvnshriystaaH| sarejire sarasarijjaladhautahArAstArAvitAnataralA iva yaamvtyH|| (8-56) rAtri meM cakravAka yugala alaga-alaga taToM para haiM tathA sarojavana kI zrI rAtri meM naSTa ho jAtI haiM icchatAM saha vadhUbhirabhedaM yAminIvirahiNAM vihagAnAm Apureva mithunAni viyogaM laGghayate na khalu kaalniyogH|| (9-13) yacchati pratimukhaM dayitAyai vAcamantikagate'pi zakuntau / nIyate sma natimujjhitaharSaM paGkajam mukhmivaamburuhinnyaa|| (9-14) cakravAka priyA se kevala bola hI pAtA hai. samIpa nahIM jA paataa| isI du:kha ko dekhakara kamalinI natamukha hai| (rAtri meM cakravAka kA alaga rahanA tathA kamala kA saGkoca) cakravAka kA alaga rahanA : Atape dhRtimatA saha vadhvA yAminIvirahiNA vihgen| sehire na kiraNA himarazmerdu:khite manasi sarvamasahyam // (9-30)

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[180] rAtri meM kumudoM kA vikAsa : gandhamuddhatarajaH ------------vikSipanvikasatAM kumudAnAm------------AdudhAva parilInavihaGgA yAminImarut--------vanarAjI: (9-31) yaza kA zubhravarNa : gurUnkurvanti te vazyAnanvarthA tairvasundharA yeSAM yazAMsi zubhrANi hyepayantIndumaNDalam (11-64) malaya meM candana kA varNana : bahubhizca bAhubhirahInabhujagavalayairvirAjitam / candanatarubhirivAlaghubhiH prabalAyatairmalayamedinIbhRtam // (12-24) rAtri meM kamala kA saGkoca : prabhA himAMzoriva paGkajAvalim ninAya sngkocmumaapteshcmuum|| (14-56) prAtaH kAla kamala kA vikAsa : tviSAM tatiH pATalitAmbuvAhA sA sarvataH pUrvasarIva sndhyaa| ninAya teSAM drutamullasantI vinidratAm locanapaGkajAni // (16-33) yaza kA zubhra varNa kyoM : pratyAhataujAH kRtasattvavega: parAkramaM jyAyasi yastanoti / tejAMsi bhAnoriva niSpatanti yazAMsi vIryajvalitAni tsy|| (17-15) (prakAza kA varNa zubhra hotA hai aura yaza ke prakAzita svarUpa ke kAraNa hI sambhavataH usakA zabhra varNa mAnA gayA hai|)

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[181] kamArasaMbhavam (mahAkavi kAlidAsa) himAlaya meM hI bhUrjapatra : nyastAkSarA dhAturasena yatra bhUrjatvacaH kunyjrbindushonnaaH| vrajanti vidyAdharasundarINAmanaGgalekhakriyayopayogam yatra (himAdrau) // (1-7) prAtaH kAla kamala kA vikAsa : unmIlitaM tUlikayeva citraM sUryAzubhibhinnamivAravindam (1-32) kamala kA rAtri meM soca : candraM gatA padmaguNAnna bhuGkte padyAzritA caandrmsiimbhikhyaam| (1-43) himAlaya varNana prasaGga meM hI bhUrjatvacA kA ullekha : gaNA na meruprasavAvataMsA bhUrjatvacaH sprshvtiiddhaanaaH| (1-55) kAma kA mUrtarUpa : -------------madana: pratasthe ---------hastena pasparza tadaGgamindraH (3-22) azoka meM puSpa : asUta sadya kusumAnyazokaH skandhAtprabhRtyeva sapallavAni / pAdena nApaikSata sundarINAM saMparkamAsiJjitanUpureNa // (3-26) nadI meM kamala : athopaninye girizAya gaurI tapasvine tAmrarucA krenn| vizoSitAM bhAnumato mayUkhairmandAkinIpuSkarabIjamAlAm // (3-65)

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[182] basanta, sahakAramaJjarI tathA koyalakaNTha kA sAnidhya : tayA vyAhatasaMdezA sA babhI nibhRtA priye cUtayaSTirivAbhyAze madhau parabhRtonmukhI (6-2) nAga, sarpa kA aikya : gAmadhAsyatkathaM nAgo mRNAlamRdubhiH phnnaiH| ArasAtalamUlAttvamavAlambiSyathA na cet / (6-68) zivacandra kI bAlatA : divApi niSThyUtamarIcimarIcibhAsA baalyaadnaavisskRtlaanychnen| candreNa nityaM pratibhinnamaulezcUDAmaNe: kiM grahaNaM harasya (7-35) TIkA - (bAlyAdalpatanutvAt ) : zivacandra kI bAlatA usake alpatana ke kAraNa kabhI vRddhi prApta na hone vAle zarIra ke kAraNa hI mAnI gaI hogii| malaya meM candana : tasyajAtu malayasthalIrate dhUtacandanalataH priyklmm| AcacAma salavaGgakesarazcATukAra iva dakSiNAnila: (8-25) cakravAkaviyoga : dRSTatAmarasakesarasrajo: krandatorviparivRttakaNThayoH nighneyoH sarasi cakravAkayoralpamantara - manalpatAm gtm| (8-32) pazya pakvaphalinIphalatvipA vimbalAJchitaviyatsaro'mbhasA viprakaSTavivaraM himAMzanA cakravAkamithunam viDambyate / (8--61)

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[183] varSA meM mayUra kA nRtya tathA haMsoM kA mAnasa gamana : ghanairvilokya sthagitArkamaNDalaizcamUrajobhirnicitaM nabhaH sthlm| ayAyi haMsairabhimAnasaM ghanabhrameNa sAnandamanarti kekibhiH| (14-35) naiSadhIyacaritam (zrIharSa) ayaza kA zyAmavarNaH - vitenuriGgAlamivAyazaH pare (1-9) yaza kA zubhra varNa : sitAMzuvarNairvayati sma tadguNaiH ---- yazaH paTaM tdbhttcaaturiiturii| (1-12) dohada varNana : vidarbhasubhrUstanatuGgatAptaye ghaTAnivApazyadalam tpsytH| phalAni dhUmasya dhayAnadhomukhAnsa dADime dohadadhUpini drume| (1-82) kamala kA sUryapriyatva : --------mitrajuSAM saroruhAm------- (2-29) kamala kA nadI meM bhI nivAsa : zritapuNyasaraH saritkathaM na smaadhiksspitaakhilksspm| jalajam gatimetu maJjulAM damayantIpadanAmni janmani // (2-39) hAsa kA zubhravarNa : dayitaM prati yatra saMtatA ratihAsA iva rejire bhuuvH| sphaTikopalavigrahA gRhAH shshbhRdbhittnirngkbhittyH|| (2-74)

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[184] dohada prasaGga : iSTena pUrtena nalasya vazyAH svarbhogamatrApi sRjantyamAH / mahIruhA dohadasekazakterAkAlikaM korakamugiranti // (3-21) rAtri meM kumuda kA tathA dina meM kamala kA vikAsa : nalAzrayeNa tridivopabhogam tavAnavApyam labhate btaanyaa| kumudvatIvenduparigraheNa jyotstrotsavam durlbhmmbujinyaa|| (3-45) varSA meM haMsoM kA mAnasa gamana : tAM mAnasaM nikhilavAricayAnnavInA haMsAvalImiva ghanA gmyaaNbbhuuvuH| (11-15) vasanta meM kokila kA spaSTa svara : RtoradhizrIH zizirAnujanmanaH piksvrairduurviksvrairythaa| (9-136) krodha kA raktavarNa : milatkuGkumaroSabhAsA-----(7-58) raghuvaMzam-(mahAkavi kAlidAsa ) yaza kI zubhratA : zubhraM yazo mUrtamivAtitRSNaH (2-69) varSA meM mayUra nRtya : adhyAsya cAmbha: pRpatokSitAni zaileyagandhIni shilaatlaani| kalApinAM prAvRSi pazya nRtyam kAntAsu govrdhnkndraasu|| (6-51)

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[185] candra kA sthAna malayAcala : taambuulvlliiprinnddhpRgaasvelaaltaalinggitcndnaasu| tamAlapatrAstaraNAsu rantuM prasIda zazvanmalayasthalISu // (6-64) rAtri meM kamala kA saGkoca : svasuvidarbhAdhipatestadIyo lebhe'ntaram cetasi nopdeshH| divAkarAdarzanabaddhakoze nakSatranAthAMzarivAravinde // (6-66) dohada ke dvArA azoka meM phUla : kusumaM kRtadohadastvayA yadazoko'yamudIrayiSyati / (8-62) smarateva sazabdanUpuraM caraNAnugrahamanyadurlabham amunA kusumA zruvarSiNA tvamazokena sugAtri zocyase / / (8-63) dohada-niHzvAsa se bakula vikAsa : tava niH zvasitAnukAribhirbakulairardhacitAm samaM mayA-----(8-64) azoka meM puSpa varNana : kusumameva na kevalamArtavaM navamazokataroH smaradIpanam / kisalayaprasavo'pi vilasinAM madayitA dyitaashrvnnaarpitH| (9-28) bakula dohada : suvadanAvadanAsavasaMbhRtastadanuvAdiguNaH kusumodgmH| mdhukrairkronmdhulolupairbkulmaakulmaaytpngktibhiH|| (9-30)

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[186] vasanta ke prasaGga meM kokila kA svara : upahitaM zizirApagarmAzrayA (basantalakSmyA) mukulajAlamazobhata (kiMzuke) (9-31) isI prasaGga meM sahakAra kA bhI varNana tathA kokila kA svara : abhinayAnparicetumivodyatA mlymaarutkmpitpllvaa| amadayatsahakAralatA manaH sakalikA kalikAmajitAmapi (9-33) prathamamanyabhRtAbhirudIritA: praviralA iva mugdhavadhUkathAH surabhigandhiSu zuzruvire gira : kusumitAsu mitAvanarAjiSu (9-34) nadI meM kamala : zayyAgatena rAmeNa mAtA zAtodarI babhau saikatAmbhojabalinA jAhnavIva shrtkshaa| (10-69) samudra meM hI makara varNana : mAtaGganakaiH sahasotpatadbhinnAndvidhA pazya samudraphenAn--------- (13-11) nadI meM bhI makara varNana : athomilolonmadarAjahaMse rodholatApuSpavahe zarayvAH / vihartumicchA vanitAsakhasya tasyAbhbhasi grISmasukhe babhUva / / sa tIrabhUmau vihitopkaaryaamaanyibhistaampkRssttnkraam| vigAhituM zrI mahimAnurUpaM pracakrame ckrdhrprbhaavH|| (16-54, 55) grISma meM sarayU meM makaroM ke na hone kA varNana hai-isakA tAtparya hai ki anya sthitiyoM meM nadI meM makara mAne gae haiN|

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paJcama adhyAya kAvya meM haraNa - aucitya tathA AvazyakatA 'haraNa' prArambhika kavi kI zikSA se sambaddha viSaya hai, isI kAraNa prArambhika kavi kI zikSA ke lie racita granthoM meM isa viSaya kI vyApaka vivecanA hai| prArambhika avasthA ke kavi meM pratibhAsampannatA tathA vyutpannatA kI sthiti ho to bhI unheM kAvya nirmANa kA abhyAsa karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / parNa abhyasta, pUrNa paripakva mahAkavi kI zreSThatA svIkAra karane para bhI prArambhika abhyAsI kavi kI sthiti sabhI vidvAnoM ko svIkAra hai| abhyAsa sabhI AcAryo-bhAmaha daNDI vAmana, rUdraTa, mammaTa Adi kI dRSTi meM kAvya nirmANa kA anivArya hetu hai| abhyAsI kaviyoM kI sthiti ko tathA citra kAvya ke abhyAsa dvArA kramaza. kAvya nirmANa kI paripakvatA prApti ko AcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai|| abhyAsa kI anivAryatA svIkRta ho jAne para abhyAsa kisa prakAra kie jAe~ yaha samasyA sAmane AtI hai| isa samasyA ke samAdhAna rUpa meM hI haraNa vivecana kI mahattA hai| prArambha meM dUsaroM kI kAvyaracanAoM ko AdhAra banAkara, dUsaroM ke zabdoM, artho ko lekara kAvyanirmANa kA abhyAsa karanA prArambhika kavi kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai, aura haraNa kA viSaya bhI yahI hai| sAmAnya kSetra meM haraNa anucita hai, kintu kAvya ke kSetra meM usakA aucitya hai,kyoMki yahA~ haraNa kAvya hetu abhyAsa kA AdhAra tathA sAdhana hai| isa kAraNa prArambhika kaviyoM kI zikSA kI dRSTi se kavi zikSA viSayaka granthoM meM haraNa vivecana kA mahattva hai| pUrva kaviyoM ke kisa prakAra ke zabdoM, arthoM ko kisa prakAra se grahaNa karanA ucita hai tathA kisa prakAra se unake grahaNa kA anaucitya ho jAtA hai prArambhika kaviyoM ko yahI zikSA denA rAjazekhara ke zabda tathA arthaharaNa vivecana kA uddezya hai| haraNa kI usake aucitya, anaucitya sahita zikSA dene vAle sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara hI haiM tathA dUsaroM ke dvArA prayukta zabdoM, arthoM ke apane kAvya meM prayoga kI kriyA ko 'haraNa' nAma dene vAle ekamAtra AcArya bhI yahI haiM ? rAjazekhara ke atirikta kisI AcArya ne isa kriyA ko haraNa nAma nahIM 1. 'prAthamikAnAmabhyAsArthinAM yadi paraM citreNa vyavahAraH pariNatInAntu dhvanireva kAvyamiti......' (dhvanyAloka-tRtIya udyota) 2. 'paraprayuktayoH zabdArthayorUpanibandho haraNam' kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[188] diyA hai. balki sabhI pazcAdavartI AcAryoM kI daSTi meM yaha upajIvana kI kriyA hai|1 'haraNa' kriyA corI artha ke kAraNa apane sAmAnya rUpa meM sarvathA garhita hai| rAjazekhara ke pazcAdvartI AcArya pUrva kavi ke zabdoM, arthoM kI pazcAdvartI kavi ke kAvya meM sthiti ko svIkAra karate hae bhI use haraNa nAma sambhavataH haraNa kriyA kI nindanIyatA ke kAraNa hI nahIM de ske| upajIvana (kisI anya ko AdhAra banAkara kAvya nirmANa karanA) yaha nAma rAjazekhara dvArA die gae haraNa nAma se kahIM acchA hai| kintu 'haraNa' evaM upajIvana meM nAma kI bhinnatA hone para bhI donoM nAmoM meM nihita kriyA eka hI hai, dUsaroM se prabhAva grahaNa karate hue kAvya racanA karane kii| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita haraNa evaM pazcAdvartI AcAryoM dvArA vivecita upajIvana donoM eka hI viSaya ke paryAya hai yaha unake dvArA vivecita haraNa tathA upajIvana ke avAntara prakAroM se spaSTa hai| ___ rAjazekhara se pUrvavartI AcArya kavi ke lie pUrva kaviyoM ke prabandhAnuzIlana ko to Avazyaka mAnate haiM, kintu unake prabandhoM meM se kucha haraNa karanA unakI dRSTi meM sambhavataH sarvathA anucita hai aura isI kAraNa unake lie aise viSaya ke upadeza kA bhI anaucitya rahA hogaa| kintu kavi zikSaka AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM isa viSaya kA anaucitya nahIM hai aura isI dRSTi se unhoMne isa viSaya kA vyApaka upadeza kiyaa| sAtha kI kavi zikSA ke sarvaprathama suniyojita vivecaka AcArya rAjazekhara hI haiM isa kAraNa bhI pUrvAcAryoM ke granthoM meM isa viSaya kI vivecanA na hone kI bAta samajha meM AtI hai| kavi kA kahIM na kahIM kisI anya se prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika hai aura prArambhika kavi ke lie to yaha svAbhAvikatA anivArya vivazatA tathA AvazyakatA bana jAtI hai| ata: kavi zikSaka hone ke kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara ke lie kisI anya se kavi ke prabhAvita hone kI pUrNa vivecanA bhI anivArya thii| AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke zAstra saMgraha nAmaka prathama adhyAya meM apane grantha ke viSayoM kA nirdeza karate hue 'zabdArthaharaNopAyAH' kahA hai| yahA~ 'upAya' zabda kA kathana hI haraNa ke aucitya kI svIkRti kA paricAyaka hai| upAya sAmAnyataH ucita susaGgata viSaya ke hI batAe jA sakate 1. sato'pyanibandho'sato'pi nibandho niyamachAyAdhupajIvanAdayazca shikssaaH| 101 chAyAyAH pratibimbakalpanayA, AlekhyaprakhyatayA, tulyadehitulyatayA, parapurapravezapratimatayA copjiivnm| [kAvyAnuzAsana ( hemacandra) prathama adhyAya]

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[189] haiN| ata: haraNa kA vyApaka vivecana hI siddha karatA hai ki usakA anaucitya nahIM hai- bhale hI usakA aucitya kevala prArambhika kaviyoM kI dRSTi se hI ho| yaha aura hI prasaMga hai ki kAvyakSetra meM haraNa apane sAmAnya rUpa meM prArambhika kaviyoM kI dRSTi se anucita na hote hue bhI apane vibhinna viziSTa rUpoM se bhI yukta hai aura ina vibhinna viziSTa bhedoM meM se kucha ucita parilakSita hote haiM aura kucha aucitya kI sImA se haTa jAne ke kAraNa anupAdeya svarUpa vAle haiN| isa kAraNa haraNa kA usake bhedopabhedoM sahita vyApaka vivecana-isI uddezya ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hai ki kavi ko isa bAta kA jJAna ho jAe ki yadyapi haraNa kA kAvya kSetra meM anaucitya to nahIM hai kintu usake avAntara bheda aucitya, anaucitya donoM se yukta haiN| kucha avAntara bhedoM ko apanAnA kavi ke kAvya ke lie lAbhakArI ho sakatA hai to kucha ko apanAnA anucita / rAjazekhara dvArA haraNa ke parityAjya aura anugrAhya do prakAra ke bheda isI dRSTi se kie gae haiN| anugrAhya bhedoM kI bhI vivecanA haraNa ke aucitya ko, siddha karatI hai| isa prakAra haraNa ke aucitya ko, usake avAntara bhedoM ke aucitya, anaucitya ko jAnakara kavi prArambhika avasthA meM kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa kI ora agrasara ho sakate haiN| rAjazekhara ke haraNa vivecana kA mUla evaM haraNa-vivecaka pazcAdvartI AcArya : 'kAvyamImAMsA' kavi zikSA viSayaka sarvaprathama vistRta grantha hai aura haraNa vivecana sabase vistRta tathA suniyojita rUpa meM sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara se bahuta pUrva AcArya vAmana ne bhI ayoni aura anyacchAyA yoni artha ko svIkAra kiyA hai|2 anyacchAyAyoni artha kA rAjazekhara ke haraNa vivecana se sambandha jor3ate hue AcArya vAmana se hI upajIvana ke vicAra kA prArambha mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu vAmana dvArA kisI anya kI chAyA para racita kAvyArtha kA nAma mAtra se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| kavizikSA se sambaddha rUpa meM upajIvana kI vyApaka 1 'paraprayuktayoH zabdArthayorUpanibandho hrnnm| tadvidhA parityAjyamanugrAhya ca' (ekAdaza adhyAya) kAvyamImAMsA - (rAjazekhara) 2 artho dvividho'yoniranyacchAyAyonizca ayoniH akAraNa: avadhAnamAtrakAraNa ityarthaH anyasya kAvyasya chAyA tadyoni: (3/2/7) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana)

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[190] vivecanA vahA~ nahIM hai aura na hI anyacchAyAyoni kA prArambhika kaviyoM se hI vahA~ sambandha jor3A gayA hai| kaviyoM kA kAvyArtha pUrNata: maulika tathA anyoM se prabhAvita do prakAra ke ho sakate haiM-ekamAtra yahI vAmana ke vivecana kA tAtparya hai / ataH pazcAdvarNita haraNavivecana ke eka bheda kA nAmagrahaNa vAmana dvArA bhI kiyA gayA hai isa kAraNa upajIvana kA vicAra sarvathA navIna na mAnA jAe to bhI kavizikSA se usakA sambandha rAjazekhara ne hI jor3A hai| rAjazekhara dvArA kiyA gayA haraNa kA vyApaka vivecana aura kAvyanirmANa se sambaddha usake mahatva kA pratipAdana sarvathA navIna hI mAnA jAnA caahie| pUrva kavi ke zabdoM, arthoM kI anya pazcAdvartI kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM prApti- yaha viSaya dhvanyAloka meM bhI vivecita hai-isa kAraNa apane haraNa vivecana kA mUla AdhAra zabdaharaNa tathA arthaharaNa donoM ke hI saMdarbha meM AcArya rAjazekhara ko AcArya Anandavardhana se prApta huA aisA mAnane kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnya honA hI cAhie ki Anandavardhana do racanAoM ke eka se hone ko kaviyoM ko buddhi sAmya kahate haiM, haraNa nhiiN| zabdaharaNa vivecana ke mUla kI prApti kI sambhAvanA dhvanyAloka ke isa vivecana meM ho sakatI hai ki kAvyArtha kA navIna sphuraNa honA cAhie-kisI pUrva racanA se akSara, pada pAda Adi kA sAmya ho jAnA doSa nahIM hai / 2 artha maulikatA arthAt-artha kI pUrvavarNita arthoM se bhinnatA vyaGgayArtha rUpa meM athavA vAcyArtha hone para deza, kAla avasthA athavA svarUpa Adi ke bheda rUpa meM honI caahie| akSara, pada, Adi kisI anya prAcIna racanA se milate hoM to bhI una zabdoM kI punarAvRtti anucita nahIM hai, kyoMki sarasvatI ke bhaNDAra meM zabdoM kI asaMkhyatA hone para bhI kAvya kSetra meM kAvyoM kI bhI asaMkhyatA hai aura isa kAraNa pratyeka kAvyaracanA navIna zabdoM dvArA hI nibaddha kI jAe aisI sambhAvanA kama hI hai aura pUrva prayukta zabdoM kA kAvya meM puna: prayoga kAvya meM maulikatA kA virodhI bhI nahIM hai| dhvanyAloka meM vivecita pratibimbakalpa, Alekhya prakhya tathA tulyadehitulya arthabhedoM ko arthaharaNa ke inhIM bhedoM se abhinna mAnate hae rAjazekhara ke samvAdAstu bhavantyeva bAhulyena sumedhsaam| naikarUpatayA sarve te mantavyA vipazcitA // 11 / / dhvanyAloka - caturtha udyota 2 akSarAdiracaneva yojyate yatra vasturacanA purAtanI nUtane sphurati kAvyavastuni vyaktameva khalu sA na duSyati // 15 / / dhvanyAloka - caturtha udyota

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[191] arthaharaNa vivecana kA mUlAdhAra Anandavardhana se prApta mAnane kI bhI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai-Ananda vardhana ne ina bhedoM kA adhika vyApaka hI vivecana kiyA hai| kintu sAtha hI vaha bhI svIkaraNIya hai ki dhvanyAloka meM isa viSaya kA vivecana saMdarbha sarvathA pRthaka hai, vahA~ ye bheda kaviyoM ke buddhi sAdRzya se artha meM Ane vAlI samAnatA ke bheda haiM :-yaha kevala arthabheda haiM, arthaharaNa bheda nhiiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ne dhvanyAloka meM vivecita inhI arthabhedoM ko haraNabhedoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, isalie apane nAma tathA svarUpa se usI rUpa meM dhvanyAloka meM vivecita hone para bhI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM vivecita arthaharaNa bhedoM ko viSayabheda tathA saMdarbhabheda ke kAraNa rAjazekhara kI apanI maulika udabhAvanA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| pUrvakavi dvArA varNita zabda artha bhI kAvyarUpa meM varNita kie jA sakate haiM-isa svIkRti se Anandavardhana ke bhI vivecana meM upajIvana ke vicAra kI pratIti ho sakatI hai kintu vastutaH aisA nahIM hai, upajIvana vivecana yahA~ nahIM hai| kavizikSA viSayaka upajIvana se unakA tAtparya kadApi nahIM hai, unakA uddezya kavi ko kAvyaracanA kI zikSA denA nahIM thA, ve kAvyAtmA ke svarUpa vivecaka hai aura isI saMdarbha meM unakA yaha vivecana hai ki prAyaH eka hI prakAra ke zabda, artha jo pUrva kaviyoM dvArA varNita kie jA cuke haiM bAda ke kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM bhI dikhAI dete haiM kintu kisI na kisI rUpa meM kavi ke varNana karane ke apane viziSTa DhaMga se una punaH varNita zabdoM, arthoM kI navInatA tathA maulikatA bhI Anandavardhana ko svIkAra hai| asaMkhya kAvyoM kA astitva unhIM zabdoM kA aneka racanAoM meM A jAne kA kAraNa hai aura jahA~ taka artha kA sambandha hai kisI bhI artha kI pUrvavarNitatA use purAnA aura vyartha siddha nahIM karatI, vaha navIna na hote hue bhI kAvyAtmA dhvani ke saMsarga se navIna pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra pUrva kavi ke zabdoM, arthoM kA hI kisI anya kavi ke kAvya meM dikhalAI denA doSa nahIM haiAnandavardhana ke isa vicAra ko haraNaviSayaka vivecana kA AdhAra mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki dUsaroM ke zabda artha kA hI anya kavi dvArA grahaNa haraNa kA bhI viSaya hai kintu vivecana kA saMdarbha pRthak hone se yaha mAnanA sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki haraNa kA viSaya dhvanyAloka meM uThAyA nahIM gyaa| isa prakAra pUrva 1. samvAdo hyanyasAdRzyaM tatpunaH prtibimbvt| AlekhyAkAravattulyadehivacca zarIriNAm // 12 // tatra pUrvamananyAtma tucchAtma tdnntrm| tRtIyaM tu prasiddhAtma nAnyasAmyaM tyajetkaviH / / 13 / / dhvanyAloka - caturtha udyota

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[192] kavi ke kAvya se zabda, artha ke grahaNa se sambaddha haraNa kA mUla Anandavardhana ke vivecana meM prApta nahIM hai, balki kevala pUrvakavi ke kAvya se samatA rakhane vAle zabdoM, arthoM kI anya kavi ke kAvya meM prApti rUpa zabdArtha sAmya kA mUla yahA~ se prApta ho sakatA hai| AcArya hemacandra, vAgbhaTTa, kSemendra, bhojarAja, vinayacandra tathA paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke granthoM meM bhI isa viSaya kA vivecana upasthita to huA, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara ke bAda kavizikSA se sambaddha isa viSaya kA itanA suniyojita tathA paripUrNa vivecana prastuta na ho skaa| . __ anUtana zabdoM, arthoM kA uktivaicitrya se navIna rUpa meM ullekha vakroktijIvitakAra kuntaka kA vicitra mArga hai1-yadi navIna zabda, artha se manohArI sukumAra kAvyamArga satkaviyoM kA mArga hai to anUtanollekha bhI mahAkavi kI pratibhA ke samparka se manohArI rUpa meM sahRdayoM ke samakSa upasthita hote haiN| pUrvavarNita zabdoM, arthoM ke navIna maulika rUpa meM varNana kA kuntaka kA vicAra Anandavardhana ke pUrvavarNita zabdoM, arthoM ke bhI maulika rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa ke vicAra se sAmya rakhatA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne upajIvana ke vivecana meM pUrNarUpa se AcArya rAjazekhara ke vivecana ko AdhAra banAyA hai tathA arthaharaNa meM pratibimbakalpa, Alekhyaprakhya, tulyadehitulya, parapurapravezasadza tathA zabdaharaNa meM pada, pAda tathA uktyupa jIvana ko samAviSTa kiyA hai| __ bhojarAja ne kAvyapATha kA 'paThiti' rUpa meM vivecana kiyA hai kintu anya AcAryoM kA paThiti se tAtparya upajIvana se hai-unakA yaha kathana apane sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa grantha meM upajIvana ke vicAra ko bhI sthAna detA hai| isa prakAra bhojarAja dvArA paThiti kA ullekha do arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai-eka kA sambandha kAvyapATha se hai-aura dvitIya kA pUrvaracanA ke pada, pAdArdha, bhASA Adi ke thor3e parivartana sahita pATha se| paThiti ke isa dvitIya rUpa kA sambandha zabda haraNa tathA arthaharaNa se hai| 1. yadapyanUtanollekhaM vastu yatra tadapyalam uktivaicitryamAtreNa kASThAM kAmapi nIyate / 38 / prathama unmeSa vakroktijIvita (kuntaka) 2 kAkusvarapadacchedabhedAbhinayakAntibhiH, pATho yo'rthavizeSAya paThiti: seha SaDvidhA / 56 / apare punaH paThitimanyathA kthynti| padapAdArddhabhASANAmanyathAkaraNena yaH pAThaH pUrvoktasUktasya paThitiM tAM pracakSate / 57 / dvitIya pariccheda sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja)

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[193] AcArya kSemendra kI dRSTi meM upajIvana kA mahatva kAvya racanA ke abhyAsa kI dRSTi se hai aura upajIvana kA sambandha kevala abhyAsI kavi se| zikSArthI kavi sarvaprathama chAyopajIvana dvArA kAvyaracanA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| chAyopajIvana kA artha hai dUsare prasiddha kaviyoM ke padyoM ke pada, pAda athavA samasta padya ke anukaraNa meM apanA padya bnaanaa| dUsaroM kI apUrNa racanAoM ko pUrNa karate hue, dUsare ke abhiprAya ko prakArAntara se apanI bhASA meM vyakta karate hue prArambhika kavi kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa meM paripakvatA prApta kara sakate haiN| AcArya vAgbhaTTa ko kevala zabdopajIvana hI svIkAra hai| samasyApUrti dvArA kAvyanirmANa ke abhyAsa kA aucitya hai-kintu arthopajIvana unakI dRSTi meM kavi ke stainya kA sUcaka hai| paNDitarAja jagannAtha kisI artha kI pUrvavarNitatA athavA avarNita pUrvatA ke vibhAjana ko kavi kA samAdhiguNa mAnate haiM / 2 AcArya vizvezvara kI 'sahityamImAMsA' meM haraNa sambhavataH ukti kA bheda hai-kyoMki isa grantha meM varNita kavi kI bIsa vakra uktiyoM meM se do chAyokti (anya uktiyoM kI anukRti) tathA ghaTitokti (viprakIrNa aneka uktiyoM kA kavi naipuNya se eka sthAna para saMgaThana) kA sambandha haraNa se hI pratIta hotA hai| kavizikSA nAmaka grantha ke racayitA AcArya vinaya canda ne bhI kavi ke abhyAsa hetu mahAkaviyoM ke kAvyArthoM kA carvaNa tathA parasUktagrahaNa mahatvapUrNa mAnA hai| abhyAsI kavi kA chAyopajIvI, pAdopajIvI tathA padopajIvI honA svIkAra kiyA hai| parakAvyagraho'pi syAtsamasyAyAm guNaH kave: arthaM tadarthAnugataM navaM hi racayatyasau / 13 / parArthabandhAdyazca syAdabhyAso vAcyasaGgatau sa na zreyAnyato'nena kavirbhavati taskaraH / 12 / (vAgbhaTAlaGkAra - vAgbhaTa - prathama pariccheda) 2 avarNitapUrvo'yamarthaH pUrvavarNitacchAyo veti kaverAlocanaM smaadhiH|| ayaM varNyamAno'rthaH kenApi pUrvaM na varNita ityavarNitapUrvo'yonirityanyatra prasiddhaH athavA pUrva kenApi varNitasyaivArthasya chAyA (sAdRzyam) yasmiMstAdRzo'nyacchAyAyoniriti prasiddho'stIti kaveH kavikRtam yadAlocanaM vibhAvanaM tat smaadhiH| tatrAvarNitapUrvatvAlocanam prathamaH, pUrvavarNivacchAyatvAlocanantu dvitIyaH prakAra: samAdheriti saarm| (prathamAnana) (pRSTha 227) (rasagaGgAdhara - paNDitarAja jagannAtha)

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[194] haraNa ke aucitya ke sambandha meM rAjazekhara kA avanti sundarI ke mata se virodha : ___ avantisundarI ke mata se haraNa kI nirdoSatA kucha vilakSaNa hI kAraNoM se hai| pUrva kavi kI aprasiddhi, pratiSThArAhitya, usake kAvya kA pracalita na honA, kAvyaracanA kI kaTutA, asammAnita bhASA kA kavitva Adi kucha aise tatva haiM jinake kAraNa yadi pUrva kavi ke kAvya ko pazcAdvartI kavi apanAeM to doSa nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra kisI pUrva kavi ke kAvya ko jyoM kA tyoM apanAkara svaracita kAvya ke rUpa meM usakA pracAra bhI kavi ke lie doSa nahIM hai sambhavataH yahI avantisundarI kA vicAra hai, kintu haraNa ke aucitya ko svIkAra karane para bhI usakI avantisundarI dvArA mAnya nirdoSatA AcArya rAjazekhara ko svIkAra nahIM hai| haraNa yA upajIvana abhyAsa ke sAdhana haiM corI nahIM, kintu kisI kavi kI aprasiddhi Adi kAraNoM se usake kAvya ko jyoM kA tyoM apanAnA corI aura isI kAraNa doSa bhI hai| isI prakAra mUlya dekara kisI kI racanA ko kharIdanA aura svaracita rUpa meM usakA pracAra bhI doSapUrNa hai| dUsaroM ke zabdoM, arthoM ko kevala abhyAsa ke hI lie paripUrNa rUpa meM nahIM, kintu kevala aMza rUpa meM apanI pratibhA dvArA saMskRta karate hue grahaNa karane kA aucitya hai| dUsaroM ke zabdoM Adi ko lekara pUrva kavi ke nAma Adi kA nigUhana bANabhaTTa kI dRSTi meM heya hai|3 abacintasundarI ke vicAra kA virodha karake rAjazekhara bANabhaTTa se vicAra sAmya rakhate pratIta hote haiN| kavi ke yatra tatra caurakarma ko rAjazekhara svIkAra karate haiM kintu jaisI corI bANabhaTTa Adi ko asvIkAra hai usake prati unakI bhI asvIkRti hai| yadi kisI kI pUrNa racanA kA haraNa doSa hai to usI prakAra kisI racanA kI uktiyoM ko aMza rUpa meM apanAnA bhI anucita hI hogA, isa samasyA ke samAdhAna meM rAjazekhara kA uktiyoM ke arthAntara-saMkramaNa kA vicAra sAmane AtA hai| kavi ke caurakarma ko svIkAra karate hue bhI vaha usake 1. "ayamaprasiddhaH prasiddhimAnaham, ayamapratiSTha : pratiSThAvAnaham, aprakrAntamidamasya saMvidhAnakaM prakrAntaM mama, guDUcIvacano'yaM mRdvIkAvacano'ham, anAdRbhASAvizeSo'yamahamAdRtabhASAvizeSa:----------ityAdibhiH kAraNaiH zabdaharaNe'rthaharaNe cAbhirameta" iti avantisundarI kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya) 2 'na' iti yaayaavriiyH| ullekhavAnpadasandarbhaH pariharaNIyo nApratyabhijJAyAtaH paado'pi| tasyApi sAmye na kiJcana duSTaM syaat| kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya) 3. anyavarNaparAvRtyA bandhacihnanigRhanai: anAkhyAtaH satAM madhye kavizcauro vibhAvyate / 7 / harSacarita (bANabhaTTa) prathama ucchvAsa

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[195] nigRhana ke pakSapAtI haiM, kintu pUrva kavi kI aprasiddhi Adi kAraNoM se usake nAma Adi ke nigUhana kA unakI dRSTi meM aucitya nahIM hai| corI ko svIkAra karate hue corI ke nigUhana ko bhI rAjazekhara svIkAra to karate haiM, kintu yaha corI ko chipAne kA vicAra unakA apanA apUrva evaM auroM se vilakSaNa prakAra kA hai| kisI pUrva racanA se grahaNa kie gae zabdoM, arthoM kI bAda kI racanA meM bhI upasthiti ko kAvyapArakhI sahRdayoM kI dRSTi se chipA sakanA kavi ke lie sambhava nahIM hai| phira corI ko chipAyA kaise jAe? isakA yahI uttara hai ki dUsaroM ke zabdoM, arthoM ko bhI pratibhA se saMskAra karate hue isa prakAra prastuta kiyAjAe ki sahRdaya ko kavi kI pratibhA hI vizeSa rUpa se parilakSita ho| dUsaroM ke zabdoM, arthoM kI upasthiti kA bhAna hone para bhI sahRdaya kavi kI pratibhA se hI vizeSa prabhAvita hoM, kevala isa bAta kA hI aucitya hai| jahA~ taka dUsaroM kI haraNa kI gaI uktiyoM ke AcchAdana kA prazna hai, kisI pUrva kavi kI kevala unhIM uktiyoM ke haraNa kA nigUhana sambhava hai jinakA dUsare artha meM parivartana karate hue apane kAvya meM grahaNa kiyA gayA ho| haraNa kie jAne para bhI jina uktiyoM meM haraNakartA kavi ne apanI pratibhA se koI vaiziSTya nihita kiyA ho, ve svayaM hI chipa jAtI hai| unakI racanA meM kavi kA apanA prayatna bhI samAhita hai isa kAraNa na to unakI kevala haraNa rUpa meM svIkRti hotI hai aura na unake haraNa ke AcAdana kI vizeSa aavshyktaa| itane adhika zabdoM, arthoM kA apane kAvya meM sanniveza karane vAle kavi ko apanI racanA ke lie kucha kahIM aura se lenA par3a sakatA hai, kintu usako apane pUrva rUpa se bhinna rUpa meM prastuta karanA-artha kI dRSTi se yA vacana kI daSTi se yahI kavi ke lie zreyaskara hai aura AcArya rAjazekhara kA auroM se vilakSaNa nigUhana kA vicAra bhI yahI hai| rAjazekhara kI kevala usa corI ke lie svIkRti hai jisameM zabda, artha apane pUrva rUpa kI apekSA parivartita rUpa meM sAmane Ae~ tathA tIvradRSTi sahayoM ko bhI apane sarvathA navIna, kiJcit hRdayahAritA sampanna rUpa meM hI parilakSita hoN| kavi kA sIdhA sambandha usI zabdArtha se hai jise usakI pratibhA navIna rUpa meM prasphuTita kare kintu yadi prAcIna zabda, artha ke ullekha kA kArya kavi karatA hai to usakA pratibhA dvArA saMskAra karate hue navIna rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| kinhIM pUrvakartA ke zabdArthoM ko unake pUrva rUpa meM hI unake kartA kA nAma Adi chipAte hue prastuta karanA kavi ko cora kI zreNI meM lA khar3A karate haiM, aise hI nigUhana ke rAjazekhara virodhI hai| saMskAra sahita nigUhana unheM mAnya hai kyoMki pUrvavastu kA navIna rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa kavi kI mahattA ke paricAyaka haiN|

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[196] zabdaharaNa ke prakAra tathA unakI upAdeyatA : kisI pUrva kavi ke racanAMza ko grahaNa karate hue arthAt usake zabdoM ko hI kucha aMzoM meM apanAte hue jaba kavi apanI kAvyaracanA karate haiM to zabdoM ko apanAne se hI sambaddha hone ke kAraNa aise haraNa sthala zabdaharaNa ke sthala kahalAte haiN|1 zabdaharaNa ke vibhinna prakAroM kA tathA unake svIkaraNIya tathA asvIkaraNIya hone kA AcArya rAjazekhara ne hI kevala vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| kavi zikSA se sambaddha grantha racanA ke kAraNa hI aisA sambhava ho skaa| rAjazekhara ke pazcAdvartI kavizikSA se sambaddha AcAryoM ne haraNa kA ullekha pUrNarUpa se nahIM kiyA hai, jinhoMne zabdaharaNa kA viSaya apanI racanAoM meM grahaNa bhI kiyA hai, unhoMne bhI kevala pUrvakAvya racanAoM meM prApta vibhinna prakAra ke zabdaharaNoM kA ullekha mAtra kara diyA hai| kisa prakAra kA zabdaharaNa ucita hai aura kisa prakAra kA anucita isakA vivecana unhoMne nahIM kiyA hai| sambhavataH AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kie gae zabdaharaNa ke vyApaka tathA paripUrNa vivecana ne hI bAda ke AcAryoM ko piSTapeSaNa ke bhaya se hI isa viSaya ke vyApaka vivecana kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava nahIM hone diyaa| vaise zabdaharaNa ko hemacandra, vAgbhaTTa bhojarAja, kSemendra tathA vinayacandra sabhI AcAryoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| ina sabhI AcAryoM ne dUsaroM ke padagrahaNa, pAdagrahaNa, uktigrahaNa tathA samasyApUrti ko zabda haraNa ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai| bhojarAja tathA vAgbhaTTa eka, do se tIna taka pAdoM kA haraNa svIkAra karate haiN| bhojarAja to kevala padaikadeza kA parivartana karate hue sampUrNa padma ke haraNa ko hI svIkAra karate haiN| AcArya kSemendra bhI pada tathA pAda ke haraNa ke sAtha hI samasta padya kA anukaraNa karate hue bhI kavi kA racanA kArya meM praveza honA svIkAra karate haiM / 'sAhityamImAMsA' nAmaka grantha meM bhI dUsaroM kI uktiyoM kA anukaraNa 'chAyokti' nAmaka kaviyoM kI vakra ukti ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| zabdaharaNa pratyeka avasthA meM svIkArya tathA tyAjya do prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| prArambhika zikSArthI kaviyoM ko dUsaroM ke zabdoM kA grahaNa unake heyarUpa tathA upAdeya rUpa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI karanA cAhie / 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM dUsaroM ke zabdaharaNa ke do rUpa sAmane Ate haiN| ve haraNa jo kevala 1 tayoH zabdaharaNameva tAvatpaJcadhA, padataH, pAdataH, arddhataH, vRttataH prabandhatazca / kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[197] haraNa rUpa meM hI svIkAra kie gae haiM tathA ve haraNa jo haraNa rUpa hote hue bhI kavitva rUpa meM hI svIkAra kie gae haiN| yadyapi kucha AcAryoM ne kucha prakAroM ko dUsare kA aMza mAnakara grahaNa rUpa svIkaraNa kahA hai kintu AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM ve bhI haraNa hI haiN|1 zabda haraNa ke ve prakAra jinheM AcArya ne kevala haraNa kahA hai ve sambhavataH unakI dRSTi meM adhika upAdeya nahIM haiM, unakA prAya: anaucitya bhI nahIM hai, kintu kevala sAmAnya se zabdoM ke rUpa meM binA kisI vizeSa abhiprAya ke kahIM se sAdhAraNa rUpa se grahaNa kara lene taka hI una zabda haraNoM kA aucitya sImita hai| zabdaharaNoM kI adhika upAdeyatA tathA aucitya kevala unhIM sthaloM para hai jahA~ ve kavi kI zakti ko siddha karate haiM tathA haraNa karane vAle kavi kI pratibhA ke apane prakarSa se sambaddha hokara grahaNa kie gae haiN| jo zabda kahIM se lie jAne para bhI haraNakartA kavi kI kAvyazakti kA saMketa dete haiM ve hI haraNa rUpa se grAhya haiN| dUsare kavi ke zabda grahaNa karane para bhI unakA pratibhA dvArA dUsare hI rUpa meM dUsare hI prakAra se prayoga haraNakartA kavi kA kavitva prakaTa karatA hai| aise zabdaharaNa aucityapUrNa bhI haiM aura isa kAraNa sarvathA grAhya bhii| do kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM eka pada kA sAmya vizeSa dhyAna AkRSTa nahIM krtaa| ataH kisI pUrva kavi ke kAvya se usakA eka pada le lenA kavi ke lie doSa nahIM hai kyoMki kisI pUrva kavi kI racanA se eka pada apanI kAvyaracanA ke lie grahaNa karanA kisI kavi kI pUrvakavi para pUrNa nirbharatA kA sUcaka to nahIM hai| zabda bhaNDAra ke vipula hone para bhI kaviyoM tathA unakI kAvyaracanAoM ke bhI asaMkhya hone ke kAraNa eka kavi dvArA prayukta padoM kA dUsarA kavi prayoga hI na kare yaha niyama nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| jahA~ kisI kavi ke eka pada ko lekara kavi apanI viziSTa kAvyaracanA prastuta kara sakate haiM, vahA~ kisI anya kavi ke pada kA grahaNa aucityapUrNa hai kintu isakA aucitya kevala vahIM taka sImita hai jahA~ taka kisI kavi ke pada anya kavi kI racanA meM kevala sAmAnya ekArthaka zabda ke rUpa meM prayukta hoN| yadi pUrva kavi ke kAvya meM koI vyarthaka pada prayukta hai to usakA bAda meM Ane vAlA kavi apanI kAvya racanA meM prayoga nahIM kara sakatA aisA AcArya rAjazekhara kA vicAra hai |puurv kavi dvArA apanI 1. 'pAda evAnyathAtvakaraNakAraNaM na haraNam api tu svIkaraNam' iti aacaaryaaH| tadidaM svIkaraNAparanAmadheyaM haraNameva / kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya) 2 'tatraikapadaharaNaM na doSAya' iti AcAryA: 'anyatra dvayarthapadAt' iti yaayaavriiyH| kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[198] pratibhA ke prakarSa se udbhAvita tathA kisI sthAna para niyojita kisI vyarthaka pada ko svayaM binA koI vizeSa prayatna kie hI isI prakAra dvyarthaka rUpa meM grahaNa karane vAlA kavi pratibhAzAlI pUrva kavi tathA usakI pratibhA ke sAtha anyAya karatA hai| isake atirikta vyarthaka pada kA haraNakartA kavi nindA kA bhI pAtra hai| kAvyaracanA meM prayukta dvayarthaka pada pUrvakavi dvArA kAvya meM sanniviSTa kie gae camatkAra kA sUcaka hai| pUrvakavi dvArA udbhAvita camatkAra ko hI apanA lene para kAvya meM navIna camatkAra kA udbhava kahA~ hogA? padaharaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usakI nirdoSatA anya AcAryoM ke samAna AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM bhI saMbhava hai, kintu usako grahaNa karake kAvya nirmANa karane meM bhI pUrNa rUpa se kavi kA apanA prayatna honA cAhie jo ki vyarthaka pada ko grahaNa karane meM sambhava nahIM hai| jahA~ vyarthaka pada prayukta ho vahA~ vizeSa camatkAra unake zliSTarUpa meM hI hotA hai aura pUrva kavi ke kAvya ke camatkAra sthala ko hI apanAne kA aucitya nahIM hai| dUsare kA zabda lene para bhI kAvya meM camatkAra kA sanniveza kavi kA apanA honA caahie| dUsaroM kI racanA ke artha yA bhAva kA grahaNa karane para usa artha ke sAtha hI dUsare kI racanA ke zabda bhI kAvya meM A hI jAeM yaha koI Avazyaka nahIM hai, kyoMki eka hI artha bhinna-bhinna zabdoM dvArA prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu kisI ke zabda kA grahaNa karane para usake sAtha hI zabda, artha kA paraspara avinAbhAva sambandha hone se zabda ke sAtha unake artha bhI svayaM upasthita ho jAeMge, ataH vyarthaka pada ko apanAne para pada apane sAmAnya pada rUpa meM upasthita na hokara apane vyarthaka pada rUpa meM hI arthAt donoM arthoM ke sahita hI upasthita hogA tathA kisI do artha vAle zabda ko pUrva kavi ne avazya hI do vibhinna tathA viziSTha viSayoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue prastuta kiyA hogaa| aisI sthiti meM use apanAne kA aucitya ho bhI kaise sakatA hai? zabdAlaMkAra, zleSa, yamaka Adi zabda ke camatkAra se hI sambandha rakhate haiN| kavi ke kAvya ke camatkAra yukta sthaloM ko apanAnA doSa hone ke kAraNa zleSa, yamaka Adi alaGkAroM se sambaddha zabdoM ko kisI aura ke kAvya se grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| jahA~ artha zliSTatA ho aise pada ko, pAda ko, athavA padaikadeza ko bhI apanAnA doSa hai| zleSayukta kisI eka pada kA praznottara rUpa meM haraNa, zleSayukta pUre pAda kA hI yamaka ke rUpa meM haraNa, tathA yamakayukta pAda kA yamaka rUpa meM hI haraNa-sabhI anucita haiM / zabdAlaMkAroM kA jahA~ zleSa athavA yamaka rUpa meM camatkAra ho aise eka pada, kaI pada yA pUre pAda ko bhI anya kavi ke kAvya se grahaNa nahIM

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[199] karanA caahie| kevala pada kA hI haraNa ucita hai athavA kevala pAda kA hI haraNa ucita hai isa prakAra kA koI niyama niyantraNa zabdaharaNa ke sambandha meM nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jina zabdoM meM pUrva kavi ne camatkAra sannihita na kiyA ho una zabdoM ko apanAyA jA sakatA hai, kevala eka pada yA kaI padoM ke rUpa meM nahIM, balki pUre pAda ke rUpa meM bhii| kucha AcAryoM kA vicAra zleSarahita tIna taka padoM kA kahIM aura se grahaNa ucita hone se sambaddha hai| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara zabdaharaNa meM padoM kI saMkhyA kA mahattva nahIM maante| padoM ke haraNa kA aucitya, anaucitya unakI saMkhyA para nahIM, kintu pUrva kavi ke kAvya meM unakI apanI sAmAnya tathA viziSTa sthiti para nirbhara karatA hai| isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki unameM pUrva kavi kI pratibhA kA kitanA vyaya huA hai? kevala pada hI nahIM, pAda kA bhI anya kavi ke kAvya se sAmya honA doSa nahIM hai| ve svIkaraNIya ho sakate haiM, kintu kevala usI sthiti meM jaba ve kisI pUrva kavi ke kAvya ke kevala sAmAnya pada hoN| unakA kisI viziSTa ullekhanIya artha se sambaddha na honA, pUrva kavi dvArA vizeSa pratibhA prakarSa se nibaddha na honA, sAtha hI jJAta honA arthAt kisI prasiddha kavi ke kAvya se sambaddha honA hI unheM kisI paravartI kavi ke kAvya meM svIkaraNIya banA sakate haiM 'ullekhavAn padasandarbhaH pariharaNIyo nA pratyabhijJAyAtaH pAdo'pi' kAvyamImAMsA meM mudrita isa vAkya ke pATha meM 'apratyabhijJAyAtaH' zabda hI pratIta hotA hai jisakA yaha tAtparya ho jAtA hai ki jisakA kartA tathA udbhava sthAna pahacAnA na jA sake usI pada yA pada kA haraNa ucita hai| taba aisI sthiti meM to aise kisI bhI pada yA pada kA grahaNa kiyA jA sakegA jo pahacAnA na jA sake phira cAhe vaha ullekhanIya hI kyoM na ho| kisI kavi ke aprasiddha hone Adi kAraNoM se bhI usake kAvya ko apanAnA sambhava ho jAegA jisake AcArya rAjazekhara svayaM virodhI haiN| isalie 'apratyabhijJAyAta:' ke sthAna para sambhavataH 'pratyabhijJAyAtaH' pATha hI ucita hai| vAkya ke anta meM prayukta 'bhI' svIkRti ke artha meM hI prayukta pratIta hotA hai, niSedha artha meM nhiiN| isalie 'ullekhanIya padasandarbha bhI haraNayogya nahIM hai, kintu jise pahacAnA jA sake aisA pATha bhI haraNa yogya hai, vAkya vinyAsa ke aucitya para tathA AcArya ke tAtparya para dhyAna dene se yahI artha ucita pratIta hotA hai| ata: 'apratyabhijJAyAtaH' zabda ko mudraNa kI bhUla mAnakara 'pratyabhijJAyAta:' zabda hI yahA~ svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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[200] dUsare ke kAvya ke padagrahaNa ko hemacandra, vAgbhaTTa, kSemendra tathA vinayacandra ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara zabdaharaNa ko pada yA pAda kisI bhI rUpa meM kavi kI pratibhA para hI nirbhara mAnate haiN| kavi kisI anya ke kAvya se zabda grahaNa kare to bhI usake kAvya meM usakI apanI pratibhA kA vaiziSTya honA hI cAhie kyoMki kAvyanirmANa pratibhA ke unmeSa kA hI svarUpa hai| sacce arthoM meM kavi kahalAne ke lie kavi ko apanI pratibhA para nirbhara rahanA cAhie, kisI anya kI pratibhA para nhiiN| dUsaroM kI pratibhA dvArA racita kAvyoM para apane kAvya nirmANa ke lie nirbhara rahanA kAvyanirmANa ke prayojana kIrtiprApti meM bAdhaka hai| kucha AcArya zabdaharaNa ke jina prakAroM ko haraNa na kahakara svIkaraNa kahate haiM, ve bhI AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM haraNa hI haiN| kevala unakA nAma hI parivartita kara diyA gayA hai| pUrva kavi ke zloka ke kisI eka pAda ko usa kavi dvArA kahI gaI bAta kI viparIta bAta ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM grahaNa karanA aura isa prakAra eka pAda pUrva kavi kA grahaNa karake tIna pAdoM kI racanA karanA tathA kisI kavi ke zloka ke kevala eka pAda kA parivartana karake tIna pAdoM ko usI prakAra grahaNa karanA-haraNa ke ina donoM rUpoM ko AcAryoM ne haraNa na kahakara svIkaraNa arthAt pUrva kavi kI kahI gaI bAta ko svIkAra karanA mAnA hai| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM yaha parivartita nAma vAle kevala haraNa hI haiN| yaha rAjazekhara ko sambhavataH adhika svIkArya bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki zabdaharaNa ke jo rUpa unheM adhika svIkArya haiM, unako ve kavitva kahate haiN| isI prakAra Adhe padya kA haraNa tathA Adhe padya kA astavyasta rUpa meM haraNa bhI unakI dRSTi meM haraNa hI hai, svIkaraNa nhiiN| hemacandra, vAgbhaTTa, bhoja, kSemendra tathA vinayacandra Adi sabhI AcArya pAdaharaNa ko svIkAra karate haiM / vAgbhaTTa tathA bhoja to eka se tIna pAdoM taka ko svIkaraNIya mAnate haiM, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM tIna pAdoM kA haraNa pUre padya ke hI haraNa ke samAna hai| AcArya rAjazekhara pAdoM ke bhI haraNa ko svIkAra karate haiM, yadi ve kevala sAmAnya se pAda hoN| yadi unhIM meM viziSTatA kA samAveza ho taba nahIM, phira bhI pAda kA haraNa koI kavitva na hokara haraNa hI hai| ___ kabhI-kabhI zabda dUsaroM se lie jAne para bhI kavi dvArA apane hI DhaMga se prastuta kie jAne ke kAraNa kavi dvArA kie gae haraNa ko na prakaTa karake usake kavitva ko hI prakaTa karate haiN| kavitva kA

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[201] tAtparya hai kavi meM kAvya nirmANa sambandhI guNa honA zabdaharaNa kI sthiti meM aise kavitva kI upasthiti ke sthala rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM gine cune hI hai| kavi tathA vyApArI kahIM na kahIM se kucha grahaNa karate haiM, kintu isa bAta ko chipAne vAle prasanna rahate haiN|1 padma ke tIna pAdoM kA haraNa rAjazekhara ko usI sthala para svIkAra hai jahA~ haraNa kie gae tInoM pAda kisI eka hI racanA se na grahaNa karake bhinna bhinna racanAoM se tathA bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM se grahaNa kie gae hoM / bhinna-bhinna zlokoM ke bhinnArthaka pAdoM ko lekara unheM svaracita eka pAda se milAkara eka vizeSa artha prakaTa karane vAlA zloka banAnA kavi kI pratibhA kI udbhAvanA hone se kavitva kA sthala hai aura isI kAraNa haraNa hone para bhI haraNa yA svIkaraNa nahIM, kintu kavitva mAtra hai| yadi kavi dvArA kie gae kucha padoM kA hI prayoga kisI pUrva kavi ke zlokArtha ko parivartita karake kucha vizeSa artha nikAlane meM saphala ho jAe to vaha bhI kavi kI pratibhA ke camatkAra kA pradarzaka hone se kavi kA kavitva hI kahA jA sakatA hai| kisI racanA ke kisI pada ke kevala eka bhAga meM parivartana karake bhI pUrva racanA ke artha se bhinna koI vizeSa artha nikAla sakanA pazcAt kavi kA kavitva hI hai, kyoMki kisI pada ke kevala eka bhAga meM parivartana se racanA ke artha ko hI kucha parivartita kara denA kavi kI vizeSa buddhimattA kA paricAyaka hai / pada ke eka deza meM parivartana ko AcArya ne haraNa tathA svIkaraNa donoM se bhinna kahA hai| ina donoM se bhinna zabdaharaNa kA tRtIya rUpa unakI dRSTi meM kavitva hai| ataH pada ke ekadeza kA haraNa bhI sambhavata: unakI dRSTi meM kavitva hI hai bhojarAja bhI pada kI prakRti tathA vibhakti ke parivartana rUpa meM padaikadeza grahaNa ko svIkAra karate haiN| 1 1 "nAstyacaura kavijano nAstyacIro vaNigjanaH / sa nandati vinA vAcyaM yo jAnAti nihitam // " 'zabdArthoktiSu yaH pazyediha kizana nuutnm| ullikhetkiJcana prAcyaM mAnyatAM sa mahAkaviH // " " kAvyamImAMsA (ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[202] kisI zloka ke sampUrNa vAkyoM kA grahaNa karake bhI unakA kisI vizeSa prakAra se bhinna rUpa meM vyAkhyAna karanA bhI svIkaraNa yA haraNa nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM kisI ke zabdoM ke grahaNa kA yaha rUpa bhI sambhavataH kavitva kA hI sthala hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne zabdagrahaNa ke padaika dezagrahaNa rUpa ke tathA zloka ke anyathA vyAkhyAna rUpa ke haraNa athavA svIkaraNa rUpa hone kA niSedha kiyA hai| aisI sthiti meM inake do pakSa ho sakate haiM yA to ye haraNa athavA svIkaraNa kucha bhI na hone se svIkArya hI nahIM haiM athavA phira haraNa bhI na ho aura svIkaraNa rUpa bhI na hoM to pUrNataH aucityapUrNa tathA kavi ke kavitva ko prakaTa karane vAle kavitva rUpa ho sakate haiN| ina do rUpoM ke do vikalpa ho sakate haiM inakA aucitya athavA inakA anaucitya / kintu haraNa ke prasaMga meM haraNa se sambaddha kavitva ke sthaloM ke vivecana ke sAtha hI inakA bhI vivecana hone se inako tRtIya vikalpa arthAt zabdaharaNa ke kavitva rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura kiJcit hI parivartana ke dvArA hI sahI haraNa ke ye prakAra bhI pUrva racanA ke rUpa ko to parivartita kara hI dete haiN| isI kAraNa ye kavi ke kavitva ke paricAyaka ho sakate haiM aura yadi ye kavitva ke sthala haiM to svIkArya bhI haiN| isa prakAra kisI ke bhI zabdoM ko lekara unheM apane DhaMga se prastuta kara sakane ke kavitva rUpa vAle sthala nimna haiM bhinna arthoM vAle pAdoM ko anya sthAnoM se lekara eka pAda kI svayaM racanA karake unameM una pAdoM ko milAnA, kevala kucha padoM ke parivartana se yA kevala eka pada ke eka aMza ke parivartana se koI vizeSa artha nikAlanA athavA racanA ke sabhI vAkyoM kA kisI prakAra bhinna rUpa meM vyAkhyAna krnaa| isa prakAra aisA zabdaharaNa jahA~ haraNa karane vAle kavi kI apanI pratibhA kA camatkAra samAviSTa ho, tathA pUrva kavi kI pratibhA kA vizeSa prakarSa una haraNa kie gae sthaloM meM na dikhAI detA ho aise pada, pAda tathA aneka pAdoM ko bhI dUsaroM se apanAyA jA sakatA hai aura aisI sthiti meM unheM haraNa yA svIkaraNa kucha bhI kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| paravartI kavi kI pratibhA ke prabhAva se haraNa kie gae sthaloM kA bhI vizeSa mahatva ho jAtA hai aura ve navIna se pratIta hote haiN| rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM zabdaharaNa kevala vahIM svIkRta hai jahA~ na to use haraNa kahane kI AvazyakatA ho na to svIkaraNa, kintu unakI kucha apanI viziSTa hI navInatA ho, athavA jina sthaloM para unameM navInatA na ho vahA~ bhI ve

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[203] kevala sAmAnya zabdoM ke rUpa meM hI grahaNa kie gae hoM, pUrva kavi kI pratibhA se udbhAvita camatkAra sahita nhiiN| yadi haraNa kie gae zabda hone para bhI pUrva racanA se alaga hI koI viziSTa artha, viziSTa camatkAra dRSTigata ho to aisA kavi prazaMsA kA pAtra hai, cora kahalAne yogya nahIM / anyathA sthiti meM haraNakartA kavi nindanIya hai|1 arthaharaNa vivecana : kAvyanirmANa meM para prabandhAnuzIlana kI apekSA: sabhI kavi prArambha se hI mahAkavi nahIM hote| pratibhAsampanna hone para bhI unakI prArambhika avasthA kAvyAbhyAsa kI avasthA hotI hai| yaha sabhI ko svIkAra hai| rAjazekhara se pUrva AcArya Anandavardhana mahAkaviyoM se sambaddha dhvani rUpa artha ke vivecaka grantha ke nirmAtA hokara bhI abhyAsI kaviyoM kI sthiti ko svIkAra karate haiM / kavi ko kAvyaracanA karane se pUrva vyutpanna tathA bahuzruta hone ke lie vedoM, zAstroM, itihAsa, purANAdi ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM vedoM, zAstroM Adi ke arthoM ko lekara kAvyanirmANa kA abhyAsa karanA bhI kavitva ko jAgarUka karane kA eka upAya hai| vedoM, zAstroM tathA vibhinna prAcIna granthoM ke adhyayana kI AvazyakatA to kavi ko kAvya ke artha prApta karane ke lie hotI hai| dUsare kaviyoM ke prabandhAnuzIlana kI AvazyakatA bhI kyA isIlie hotI hai ? kintu aisA mAnane kA tAtparya hai ki pUrvavarNita artha hI kAvya meM varNita hote haiN| sabhI AcArya yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki jisa kavi ke pAsa pratibhA athavA zakti hotI hai, usake mAnasa meM aneka prakAra ke arthoM kA svataH udbhAsa hotA rahatA hai| navIna artha kI udbhAvikA rUpa meM pratibhA kI svIkRti sarvatra hai| AcArya vAgbhaTTa kAvya ke lie arthotpatti kI sAmagrI ke rUpa meM mana kI ekAgratA, pratibhA aura aneka zAstroM meM vyutpatti ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| mana kI ekAgratA, pratibhA tathA zAstra vyutpatti se sampanna pUrNa kavi ke mAnasa meM arthoM kA udbhAsa svayaM hotA rahatA hai| phira dUsare kaviyoM ke kAvyAnuzIlana kI AvazyakatA kavi ko kyoM hotI haiM yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| 1 "uktayo hyarthAntarasaGkrAntA na pratyabhijJAyante svadante ca tadarthAstu haraNAdapi haraNaM syuH" iti yAyAvaraMga kAvyamImAMsA (ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[204] paraprabandhAnuzIlana kI AvazyakatA kisa dRSTi se hai isa viSaya meM vibhinna AcAryoM ke vibhinna mata hai| kucha AcArya isa vicAra ke pakSapAtI haiM ki itane adhika kavi ho cuke haiM aura ve itane adhika viSayoM para kAvyaracanA bhI kara cuke haiM ki aba kisI anya navIna viSaya para racanA kara sakanA kisI bhI kavi ke lie sambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM yadi kAvyaracanA kI icchA ho to kevala unhIM prAcIna kaviyoM dvArA kAvya meM nibaddha kie gae arthoM ko lekara hI kevala unhIM kA saMskAra karate hue kAvyaracanA kI jA sakatI hai| ataH navIna artha kabhI kAvya meM nibaddha kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| isI kAraNa prAcIna arthoM ko hI dekhane ke lie para prabandhAnuzIlana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yaha sambhavataH AcArya Anandavardhana kA hI vicAra hai, 'iti AcAryAH' kahakara AcArya rAjazekhara ne sambhavataH apane pUrvavartI AcArya Anandavardhana kA hI vicAra pradarzita kiyA hai| bAlmIki, vyAsa jaise pratibhAzAlI kaviyoM ke kAraNa sabhI arthoM ke pUrvavarNita hone kA tathA kevala dhvani ke sparza se hI unakI navInatA kA unake saMskAra kA prasaMga dhvanyAloka meM AyA hai| I sabhI artha pUrvavarNita hI haiM isa vicAra ko 'gauDavaho' ke racayitA vAkpatirAja svIkAra nahIM krte| unakI dRSTi meM sarasvatI kA bhaNDAra kabhI khAlI nahIM hotaa| navIna viSayoM kA sphuraNa kavimAnasa meM sadA hI hotA rahatA hai vAkpatirAja kI mAnyatA hai ki dUsaroM ke prabandhoM kA anuzIlana pratibhA ke unmeSa ke lie Avazyaka hai| unake artha lekara unhIM kA saMskAra sahita varNana karane ke lie nhiiN| Anandavardhana kI dRSTi meM sabhI artha pahale varNita ho cuke haiM, kintu vAkpatirAja ke anusAra itane artha varNita ho cuke haiM phira bhI kaviyoM ke lie artha zeSa nahIM hue / yahA~ eka bAta yaha kahI jA sakatI hai ki sAmAnyataH pratibhA ko kaviyoM ke kAvya kA kAraNa svIkAra karane vAle sabhI AcArya pratibhAsampanna kavi ke kAvya meM artha kI navInatA tathA maulikatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| Anandavardhana sabhI arthoM ko pUrvavarNita mAnakara bhI unake navIna rUpa ke hI varNita hone kI bAta svIkAra karate haiM kyoMki kAvyAtmA dhvani ke saMsarga se kAvya bilkula hI navIna ho jAtA hai| dhvani ke saMsarga se varNita artha pUrvavarNita artha se bilkula hI bhinna tathA isI kAraNa navIna rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai| ataH pUrvavarNita artha ke usI rUpa kA kevala kicit saMskAra hI nahIM balki pUrNa saMskAra tathA pUrNa parivartana kiyA jAtA hai| isalie kavi ke mAnasa meM usI artha ke navIna rUpa meM sphuraNa ko AcArya Anandavardhana bhI svIkAra karate hI haiM, aura

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[205] dUsaroM ke prabandhoM kA anuzIlana prAcIna hI arthoM ke navIna tathA maulika rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa hetu Avazyaka hotA hai-- saMbhavata: AcArya Anandavardhana kA aisA hI vicAra rahA ho| kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra prAcIna kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana karane se eka hI prakAra ke bhAva bhinna-bhinna prakAra se apane ko prakaTa karate haiM - arthoM kA mana meM pratibhAsa karAne ke lie bhI dUsaroM ke arthoM kA anuzIlana lAbhadAyaka hotA hai tathA dUsaroM ke dvArA nibaddha arthoM kI chAyA para svayaM bhI kAvyaracanA kI jA sakatI hai| AcAryoM ke isa mata ke virodha meM yaha kahanA sambhava ho sakatA hai - ki eka hI bhAva kA mana meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se prakaTIkaraNa tathA arthoM kA mana meM pratibhAsa tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba pratibhA bhI ho / pratibhArahita vyakti meM atyadhika paraprabandhAnuzIlana bhI bhAvoM kA vibhinna rUpoM meM pratibhAsa nahIM karA sktaa| pratibhA kA astitva kAvyArthoM ko navIna rUpa meM hI nibaddha karAtA hai, cAhe ve artha prAcIna hI kyoM na hoM - jaise Anandavardhana ke anusAra pratibhA se Ane vAle vyaGgaya ke saMsparza se artha kI navInatA hotI hai| jahA~ taka dUsaroM ke dvArA nibaddha arthoM kI chAyA para racanA karane kA prazna hai - AcArya rAjazekhara ko yaha svIkAra hai, kyoMki abhyAsI kaviyoM kI aisI sthiti ko ve svIkAra karate haiN| ataH AcArya ke 'na' iti yAyAvarIyaH isa niSedhaparaka vAkya kA sambandha kevala antima vAkya 'mahAtmanAM hi saMvAdinyo vuddha ekamervAthamupasthApayanti' 'tatparityAgAya tAnAdriyeta' / - -se hI vizeSa pratIta hotA hai / AcAryoM ke sabhI vAkyoM kA niSedhArthaka unakA vAkya nahIM hai| AcArya Anandavardhana yaha mAnate haiM ki mahAtmAoM kI buddhiyA~ eka samAna hotI haiM aura unameM samAna hI artha kA parisphuraNa hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM yadi dUsare kaviyoM ke prabandhAnuzIlana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai to kevala isI sAdRzyatyAga ke kAraNa arthAt eka hI prakAra ke bhAvoM ke tyAga ke lie aura jina para racanA nahIM kI gaI hai una navIna arthoM ke jJAna ke lie hI dUsare kaviyoM ke prabandhoM ko dekhane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sabhI artha pUrvavarNita hI hote haiM aura mahAtmAoM kI saMvAdinI buddhi meM eka hI se artha upasthita hote haiM isalie sAdRzyatyAga ke lie dUsaroM ke prabandhoM ke anuzIlana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai - Anandavardhana ke yaha donoM vicAra paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiN| jaba sabhI artha pUrvavarNita hI hote

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[206] haiM, ve kevala dhvani ke sparza se tathA deza, kAla, avasthA svarUpa Adi ke bheda se hI bhinna tathA navIna ho sakate haiN| aisI sthiti meM kavi jo bhI artha varNana ke lie grahaNa karegA vaha sabhI arthoM ke pUrvavarNita hone ke kAraNa kisI na kisI ke sadRza avazya hogaa| eka kavi ke bhAva se apane bhAva ke sAdRzya ke tyAga ke lie usake prabandhoM kA anuzIlana kiyA jAegA to kisI na kisI dUsare kavi ke bhAva se vaha bhAva avazya milate hoMge kyoMki sabhI bhAva aura artha pahale varNita ho cuke haiM-aisI sthiti meM sAdRzya kA tyAga karanA saMbhava nahIM hogA? phira paraprabandhAnuzIlana kA yaha uddezya kaisA? kavi apane bhAva ko kevala kisI kavi ke parvavarNita bhAva se navIna rUpa meM prastuta kara sakatA hai| sabhI bhAvoM kA pUrvavarNita honA yaha bhI siddha karatA hai ki kevala sadRza arthoM kA navIna rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa saMbhava hai, arthoM kA sAdRzya tyAga nahIM, aura yadi arthasadRzatA avazyambhAvI hai to usake tyAga ke lie dUsaroM ke prabandhoM kA anuzIlana kyoM kiyA jAegA? AcArya rAjazekhara kevala arthasAdRzya ke tyAga ke lie hI dUsaroM ke prabandhoM ke anuzIlana ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnate, kyoMki unakA vicAra hai ki kavi ke sarasvatI ke adhiSThAna svarUpa mAnasa meM svayaM hI arthoM kA pratibhAsa hotA hai aura pUrvavarNita tathA navIna arthoM kA vibhAga unakI divya dRSTi svayaM kara letI hai| dUsaroM ke dvArA varNita artha kI ora unakI dRSTi nahIM jAtI, balki ve kevala navIna tathA aspRSTa arthoM kI ora hI AkRSTa hokara unakA varNana karate haiN| dUsaroM kI artha chAyA para kAvyaracanA ke rAjazekhara virodhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki dUsaroM ke prabandhoM kA anuzIlana karake unakI chAyA para svayaM kiJcit saMskAra sahita kAvyaracanA meM prerita hone kI zikSA unhoMne abhyAsI kaviyoM ko dI hai tathA arthaharaNa ke aucitya ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki kavi aura vyApArI kahIM na kahIM corI avazya karate haiN| dUsaroM ke artha kaviyoM ne grahaNa kie haiM yaha unake dvArA die gae udAharaNoM se bhI 1 'mahAtmanAM hi saMvAdinyo buddhaya ekamevArthamupasthApayanti, tatparityAgAya tAnAdriyeta' iti ca kecit / 'na' iti yaayaavriiyH| sArasvataM cakSuravAGmanasagocareNa praNidhAnena dRSTamadRSTaM cArthajAtaM svayaM vibhjti| kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya) 2 'nAstyacaura: kavijano nAstyacauro vaNigjanaH sa nandati binA vAcyaM yo jAnAti nigRhitm||' kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[207] spaSTa hotA hai tathA dUsare kaviyoM kI racanAoM kI chAyA para kAvya karane vAle kavi ke prakAra ke viSaya meM bhI unhoMne spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| ata: pUrvakaviyoM kI chAyA para kAvyaracanA ko ve svIkAra to karate haiM, phira cAhe unakI svIkRti kevala abhyAsI kavi ke lie hI kyoM na ho, kintu dUsaroM ke prabandhAnuzIlana kA ekamAtra yahI uddezya nahIM hai| paraprabandhAnuzIlana kI AvazyakatA kaviyoM ko vyutpanna hone ke lie hotI hai-kAvyanirmANa sambandhI vyutpatti kI prApti ke lie kavi ko dUsaroM ke prabandhAnuzIlana kI bhI utanI hI AvazyakatA hotI hai jitanI zAstroM Adi ke adhyayana kii| paraprabandhAnuzIlana ko bhAmaha aura vAmana bhI kAvyanirmANa ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiM / kAvya kriyA ke lie dUsaroM ke nibandhoM kA avalokana bhAmaha kI dRSTi meM Avazyaka hai / vAmana ke mata meM bhI anyoM ke kAvya kA paricaya prApta karane vAlA 'lakSyajJatva' kAvya ke aGga rUpa prakIrNa kA eka aGga hai| isase kAvyaracanA kI vyutpatti prApta hotI hai-kisa prakAra kisa DhaMga se kAvyaracanA kI jAe yaha spaSTa hotA hai / kAvyaprayogoM ko dekhakara kavi kI apanI pratibhA kA vikAsa hotA hai tathA kAvyaparamparAoM Adi kA bhI jJAna hotA hai, kintu dUsaroM ke prabandhoM kA anuzIlana kevala artha-grahaNa ke lie hI nahIM hai| yadi dUsaroM ke prabandhAnuzIlana kA kevala yahI uddezya ho to kAvyanirmANa eka rUr3hi raha jAegA, maulika viSaya nhiiN| kAvyazikSAviSayaka grantha ke racayitA paravartI AcArya zrI vinayacandra aneka granthoM meM darzita kriyA ko dekhakara kAvya racanA karanA medhAvI kavi kA kArya batalAte haiN| unake anusAra bhI kAvyaracanA sambandhI vyutpatti hI dUsaroM ke kAvyagranthoM ke anuzIlana kA uddezya hai| unameM se arthaharaNa karanA nhiiN| ve kAvya kI vizeSatA usakA navanavabhaNitizravya honA batalAte haiN| navanavabhaNitizravya kA tAtparya hai navIna arthoM tathA uktiyoM se kAvya kA manohArI honA 3 1 'yaH pravRttavacanaH paurastyAnAmanyatamacchAyAmabhyasyati sa sevitA' kAvyamImAMsA - (paJcama adhyAya) 2 zabdAbhidheye vijJAya kRtvA tadvidupAsanam kliokyAnyanibandhAMzca kArya: kaavykriyaadrH| 101 prathama pariccheda kAvyAlaGkAra - (bhAmaha) 'tatra anyeSAM kAvyeSu paricayo lkssyjnytvm| tato hi kAvyabandhasya vyutpttirbhvti| 113 1121 kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti - (vAmana) 3. itthaM kAvyakriyAM jJAtvA nAnAgrantheSu darzitAm kAvyaM kurvIta medhAvI vinayastasya kaarmnnm| navanavabhaNitizravyaM kAvyam dvitIya-kriyAnirNayapariccheda (kAvyazikSA -vinaya candra)

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[208] pratibhA ke abhivardhana hetu zAstroM ke samAna hI dUsaroM ke prabandhoM ke anuzIlana kI AvazyakatA bhI par3atI hai, kintu usameM se kevala arthagrahaNa karanA yA usakI chAyA para svayaM kAvya racanA karane ke lie samartha honA yA kina viSayoM para kAvyaracanAe~ nahIM huI haiM yaha jAnanA dUsaroM kI racanAoM ke adhyayana kA uddezya nahIM hai| prArambhika kaviyoM kI pratibhA ke saMskAra evaM vikAsa tathA bahuzrutatA evaM vyutpatti hetu dUsaroM kI racanAoM kA manana Avazyaka hai| arthaharaNa : arthaharaNa bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ke grantha meM gambhIra vivecana kA viSaya banA hai| arthaharaNa vivecana kA kavizikSA kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva hai,kyoMki prArambhika avasthA ke abhyAsI kavi anya kaviyoM ke kAvya se arthagrahaNa karake kAvyanirmANa kA abhyAsa karate haiN| prArambhika kavi ko zikSA dene ke lie tathA prArambhika kavi ke kAvyanirmANa sambandhI jJAnavardhana ke lie hI racita hone ke kAraNa kAvyamImAMsA meM dUsaroM ke granthoM se kisa prakAra ke arthoM ko kisa prakAra se apane kAvya meM grahaNa karanA ucita hai isa viSaya kI zikSA dI gaI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne apane vistRta adhyayana ke pazcAt dUsaroM ke arthoM kA kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM jisa prakAra se sanniveza dekhA usI AdhAra para unake aucitya, anaucitya ke nirdeza sahita prArambhika kaviyoM kI zikSA hetu unakA vivecana kiyA hai| yaha AcArya kA apanA bahuta se viSayoM meM maulika adhyAya hai| arthaharaNa kA sIdhA sambandha abhyAsI kaviyoM se hI jor3A jA sakatA hai| nirantara abhyAsa karane vAle kavi ke lie dUsaroM ke artho athavA dUsaroM ke sadRza arthoM ko lekara kAvyaracanA karanA doSa to nahIM hai, kintu arthaharaNa ke aucitya kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai| jaba kavi mahAkavitva kI zreNI para pahu~ca jAte haiM usa avasthA meM unheM dUsaroM ke arthoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| kevala abhyAsI kavi hI dUsaroM ke artha lete haiM aura unheM hI arthagrahaNa kA upadeza bhI diyA gayA hai, kintu abhyAsI kavi kA hI to vikAsa mahAkavi yA pUrNa abhyasta kavi ke rUpa meM hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne donoM prakAra ke kaviyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai-jo dUsaroM ke arthoM ko grahaNa karate haiM tathA jo svayaM maulika artho kA utpAdana karate haiN| prathama kA sambandha prArambhika avasthA ke kavi se hai aura dvitIya kA mahAkavi athavA utkRSTa koTi ke kavi se|

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[209] AcArya rAjazekhara ke anusAra pUrva paramparA se hI kavi dUsaroM ke artha bhI grahaNa karate the| kintu arthagrahaNa kA apanA stara bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai kucha ucca tathA kucha nimna koTi kaa| isa arthagrahaNa yA arthaharaNa ke stara kA sambandha vibhinna koTi ke kaviyoM se hai| utkRSTa kavi tathA nimna koTi ke kavi isa dRSTi se vibhAjita kie jA sakate haiN| dUsaroM ke prabandhoM kA anuzIlana prArambhika kaviyoM ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai tathA abhyasta kavi ke lie bhI lAbhadAyaka / unameM se jaise prArambhika kavi arthagrahaNa karate haiM usI prakAra utkRSTa kavi bhI arthagrahaNa karate hai jaisA ki AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita kie gae arthaharaNa ke bhedoM se spaSTa hotA hai| prArambhika kaviyoM se utkRSTa kaviyoM kA antara yaha hai ki ve kevala sadRza artha tathA mUla artha hI grahaNa karate haiM, vahI artha nhiiN| abhyAsI kaviyoM ko bhI aisA hI karane kA prayatna karanA caahie| sambhava hai ki prArambhika avasthA meM navIna artha kI udbhAvanA kavimAnasa meM na ho| usa prArambhika avasthA meM hI dUsaroM ke arthaharaNa kI AvazyakatA ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya vAgbhaTTa to dUsaroM ke artha lekara abhyAsa karane ko prArambhika avasthA meM bhI svIkAra nahIM karate, 1 kyoMki yadi artha kavi ko kahIM se mila hI jAeMge to ve maulika artha kI udbhAvanA kA prayatna kyoM kareMge, yahI sambhavataH unakI mAnyatA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jaba kavi samartha ho jAte haiM to maulika arthoM kI udbhAvanA unake mAnasa meM svayaM hotI hai| maulika, navIna arthoM ke udbhAvana kA unheM prayatna nahIM karanA pdd'taa| arthaharaNa ko svIkAra karane vAle AcArya bhI kevala prArambhika avasthA meM hI arthaharaNa ko svIkAra karate haiN| haraNa ko svIkAra karane vAle sabhI AcAryoM kA sambandha prArambhika kaviyoM kI zikSA se hai| 1 parArthabandhAdyazca syAdabhyAso vAcyasaGgatau sana zreyAnyato'nena kavirbhavati tskrH| 121 prathama pariccheda (vAgbhaTAlaGkAra - vAgbhaTTa)

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[210] Anandavardhana kA arthasAmya arthaharaNa vivecana kA AdhAra? AcArya Anandavardhana kA vicAra hai ki kaviyoM kA buddhisAdRzya unake kAvyoM meM pAe jAne vAle bhAva sAmya kA kAraNa hai| kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM pAI jAne vAlI yaha arthasamAnatA tIna prakAra kI ho sktii| pUrvavarNita artha ke pratibimba ke samAna, citra ke samAna tathA zarIra ke samAna / / jisa prakAra kisI vastu kA pratibimba bilkula vastu jaisA hI hotA hai usase bhinna nahIM, usI prakAra kisI pUrva artha kA pratibimba jaisA arthAt bilkula usI rUpa vAlA artha bhI-yaha vahI pUrvavaNita artha hai, isa rUpa meM svIkRta ho to koI Azcarya nahIM hai| isa kAraNa yadyapi kavi ne apanI buddhi se kisI artha kA varNana kiyA ho, phira bhI kisI pUrva artha se usake pratibimba rUpa vAlI samAnatA use heya banA detI hai, kyoMki kisI pUrvavarNita artha kA pratibimba jaisA artha usI pUrva artha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAegA, navIna rUpa meM nhiiN| kisI vastu kA citra usakI apekSA kucha saMskRta rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai usI prakAra kisI pUrva artha se kevala kucha saMskAra ke kAraNa bhinna koI artha yaha usI pUrvavarNita artha kA citra hai' isa rUpa meM hI svIkRta hogaa| citra bhI vastu se kevala kucha hI bhinna hotA hai, isalie yaha vahI nahIM hai aisA kaha sakatA sambhava na hone ke kAraNa isa prakAra ke sAmya kA bhI kavi varNita artha meM A jAnA ucita nahIM hai| kabhI kabhI eka dUsare se milate julate do vyakti ho sakate haiN| kintu ve eka hI vyakti haiM yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI prakAra eka dUsare se milate julate do artha hoM to ve eka hI haiM aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura isa kAraNa yaha dehatulya sAmya tyAjya bhI nahIM hai| 1 'samvAdAstu bhavantyeva bAhulyena sumedhasAm sthitaM hyetat saMvAdinya eva medhAvinAM buddhayaH' 'samvAdo hyanyasAdRzyaM tatpunaH pratibimbivat AlekhyAkAravattulyadehivacca zarIriNAm / 12 / (dhvanyAloka - caturtha udyota) 2. tatrapUrvamananyAtma tucchAtma tadanantaram tRtIyaM tu prasiddhAtma nAnyasAmyaM tyjetkviH| 13 / (dhvanyAloka - caturtha udyota) tatra pUrva pratibimbakalpaM kAvyavastu parihartavyam sumatinA ytstdnnyaatmtaatvikshriirshuunym| tadanantaramAlekhyaprakhyamanyasAmyaM zarIrAntara yuktamapi tucchAtmatvena prityktvym| tRtIyantu vibhinnakamanIyazarIrasadbhAve sati sasambAdamapi kAvyavastu na tyaktavyam kvinaa| (dhvanyAloka - caturtha udyota)

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[211] AcArya rAjazekhara ko apane arthaharaNa ke pramukha cAra bhedoM meM se tIna pratibimbakalpa, Alekhyaprakhya aura tulyadehitulya kA AdhAra yahIM (Anandavardhana ke 'dhvanyAloka') se prApta mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha bAta dhyAna dene kI hai ki AcArya Anandavardhana kaviyoM dvArA dUsaroM se artha lie jAne ko nahIM, kintu kaviyoM meM buddhi sAdRzya ko mahatva dete haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara aura AcArya Anandavardhana donoM ke kSetra bhI alaga alaga the| rAjazekhara kA abhiprAya kaviyoM ko zikSA dene se thA isI kAraNa unakA vivecya viSaya rahA-yadi dUsaroM ke arthoM kA AdhAra grahaNa karake kAvyaracanA kI jAe to kisa kisa rUpa meN| kintu AcArya Anandavardhana kA abhiprAya mahAkaviyoM se, pUrNa abhyasta kaviyoM se thaa| kAvyAtmA dhvani unake vivecana kA viSaya thA, isa kAraNa unhoMne dUsaroM se artha grahaNa karane ko nahIM svIkAra kiyaa| dUsaroM ke artha grahaNa karanA to kevala prArambhika kaviyoM kA kArya hai| yadi abhyasta kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM bhI pUrva arthoM se samAnatA dikhalAI de to isakA kAraNa mahAkaviyoM kA buddhi sAdRzya hai dUsaroM se unhoMne arthagrahaNa kiyA hai yA karate haiM isa viSaya se Anandavardhana apanA kSetra hI alaga hone ke kAraNa alaga hI rhe| arthaharaNa ke tIna bhedoM kA AdhAra Anandavardhana se grahaNa kiyA gayA yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu yaha bhI svIkAra karanA hogA ki AdhAra Anandavardhana se grahaNa karane para bhI AcArya rAjazekhara kA vivecana saMdarbha Anandavardhana se pRthaka hI rhaa| kaviyoM ko zikSA denA hI unakA uddezya thaa| kavi prayatnapUrvaka dUsaroM ke artha grahaNa karake abhyAsa karate haiM aisI unakI mAnyatA thii| unameM se kisa prakAra kA arthagrahaNa upAdeya hai aura kisa prakAra kA heya kavi ko zikSA dene ke uddezya se yaha unakA pramukha vivecana kA viSaya rhaa| arthaharaNa ke bhedoM kA mUla rUpa kahIM aura upasthita rahane para bhI haraNa tathA upajIvana sambandhI sampUrNa adhyAya kavizikSA se sambaddha viSaya para AcArya rAjazekhara kA apanA mahatvapUrNa vivecana aura arthaharaNa ke sabhI bheda unakI maulika udbhAvanAeM bhI haiN| unhoMne kahA hai ki arthaharaNa ke bhedoM kI udbhAvanA unhoMne svayaM kI hai| yahA~ para unake isa kathana ko AcArya Anandavardhana ke arthasAdRzya ke bhedoM ko sAmane rakhate hue khaMDita kiyA jA sakatA thaa| kintu AcArya Anandavardhana se nAmagrahaNa karane para bhI una nAmoM kA haraNa sambandhI viSaya se sambandha jor3anA rAjazekhara kI apanI maulikatA tathA navInatA hai , tathA caturtha parapurapravezasadRza nAmaka bheda tathA cAroM arthaharaNoM ke sabhI avAntara bheda AcArya rAjazekhara

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[212] kI apanI maulika udbhAvanAe~ haiM / nAmoM ke samAna hone para bhI jahA~ Anandavardhana ne kaviyoM ke buddhi sAdRzya ko kAraNa mAnA thA vahA~ AcArya rAjazekhara abhyAsI kaviyoM ke lie arthagrahaNa ko hI mahatva dete haiN| isa prakAra eka hI varNita viSaya kA saMdarbha donoM sthAnoM para pRthak hone ke kAraNa Anandavardhana ke vivecana meM yaha bheda upasthita rahane para bhI rAjazekhara dvArA unake svayaM udbhAvita rUpa meM varNana kI bhI samIcInatA hai| abhyAsa kI avasthA meM bhI dUsaroM ke arthoM ko usI rUpa meM svIkAra karanA rAjazekhara ko mAnya nahIM haiN| isI kAraNa kaviyoM ko usa viSaya kI unhoMne pUrNa zikSA dI hai ki kisa-kisa prakAra se haraNa kiyA jAe ki unameM kucha saMskAra tathA navInatA ho aura pUrva zabdoM, arthoM ke AdhAra para racita kAvya bhI kaviyoM ko paripakvatA kI ora le jaae| yahA~ rAjazekhara AcArya Anandavardhana se samAnatA rakhate haiM kyoMki pratibimba ke samAna samatA ko donoM hI heya batalAte haiM-AcArya Anandavardhana tathA AcArya rAjazekhara kA vicAra Alekhyaprakhya athavA citravat arthasAmya ke sambandha meM bhinna ho gayA hai| jahA~ citravat bheda Anandavardhana kI dRSTi meM tyAjya hai vahA~ AcArya rAjazekhara use bhI svIkArya batalAte haiN| isa bhinnatA ke mUla meM donoM AcAryoM kI kSetra bhinnatA nihita hai| abhyAsa karane vAlA kavi dhIre-dhIre hI Upara uThatA hai, isa kAraNa vaha dUsaroM ke vahI artha kevala kucha saMskAra ke sAtha bhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai / abhyAsI kavi ke lie to bilkula usI rUpa meM grahaNa karane kI apekSA kucha saMskRta rUpa meM grahaNa karanA kahIM acchA hai| isalie jahA~ taka abhyAsI kavi kA prazna hai usake lie Alekhya prakhya athavA citra rUpa meM dUsaroM kA arthagrahaNa karanA ucita hai, isase use abhyAsa paripakvatA tathA kAvyaracanA meM vyutpatti kI prApti ho sakatI hai kintu jahA~ mahAkaviyoM tathA abhyasta kaviyoM kA prazna hai, ve yadi aisI kAvya racanA kareM jo ki kisI pUrva artha se kevala kucha saMskAra ke kAraNa hI bhinna ho to yaha unake mahAkavitva kI nindanIyatA hogii| yahI kAraNa hai ki abhyAsI kaviyoM se sambandha hone ke kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara ne citra nAmaka bheda ko bhI svIkArya batalAyA hai kintu mahAkaviyoM se, abhyasta kaviyoM se sambandha hone ke kAraNa AcArya Anandavardhana ne use heya batalAyA hai| tulyadehitulya artha ko donoM hI AcAryoM ne samAna rUpa meM hI svIkArya batalAyA hai| mahAkaviyoM se sambandha ke kAraNa AcArya Anandavardhana kI dRSTi meM yaha bheda svIkArya hai kyoMki do kavi

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[213] buddhi kI samAnatA ke kAraNa hI milate julate varNana kara sakate haiM, aura AcArya rAjazekhara kA abhyAsI kavi saMbhavataH abhyAsa karate karate hI isa avasthA meM pahu~ca pAtA hai ki vaha aisA varNana kara sake jo kisI pUrvavarNita artha se milatA hone para bhI vahI na ho| arthaharaNa kA caturtha bheda parapurapravezasadRza AcArya rAjazekhara ne svayaM udbhAvita kiyA hai| eka vAcyArtha ke deza, kAla, svarUpa, avasthA Adi ke bheda se bheda mAnate hue mUla vastu kI samAnatA AcArya Anandavardhana ne bhI svIkAra kI haiM, kintu yadi mUla vastu kI samAnatA ko ve vaha samAnatA mAna lete jo buddhi sAdRzya ke kAraNa A jAtI hai aura arthasAdRzya kahalAtI hai to sAmAnyataH to sAre hI artha pUrvavarNita ho cuke haiN| unakA kevala punaH varNana hI hotA hai aisA AcArya ke vivecana se spaSTa hai| aisI sthiti meM pUrvavarNita arthoM kA punaH varNana sarvatra hI mUla vastu kI samAnatA kA dyotaka hogaa| isa prakAra mUla vastu sAmya rUpa eka hI bheda sarvatra hogA, anya bhedoM ke lie koI sthAna nahIM raha jaaegaa| mUla vastu prAya: sarvatra eka sI hone para bhI varNana prakAra bhinna hone se bhinna hI hogI, samAna nhiiN| eka hI mUla artha deza, kAla, avasthA aura svarUpa ke bheda se bhinna prakAra kA ho sakatA hai, kyoMki kavi unakA apane-apane DhaMga se varNana karate haiN| AcArya Anandavardhana kA tAtparya kevala usa sAdRzya se thA jisake kAraNa do kaviyoM ke sampUrNa artha hI samAna lagate haiM, (kevala mUla vastu nahIM) yaha samAnatA bhale hI prakAra kI dRSTi se bhinna ho| mUla vastu samAna ho to sampUrNa artha vastu ko samAna kahA bhI nahIM jA sktaa| kyA sarvatra mUla vastu kI samAnatA rUpa eka hI artha sAdRzya kA prakAra mAnA jAegA (arthoM kI pUrvavarNitatA ke kAraNa ) ? Anandavardhana kevala buddhisAdRzya ke kAraNa hone vAle sampUrNa artha ke sAdRzya taka sImita kSetra vAle the, kyoMki unakA sambandha mahAkaviyoM se thA unakA vivecana arthagrahaNa se sambaddha na hokara kevala arthasAdRzya se hI sambandhita thaa| isI kAraNa rAjazekhara dvArA ullikhita caturtha bheda Anandavardhana kI dRSTi meM nahIM thA, kyoMki usameM kevala mUla artha kA kahI se kevala grahaNa hotA hai, sampUrNa artha kA sAdRzya nhiiN| arthoM kI pUrvavarNitatA mAnane ke kAraNa mUla vastu kI samAnatA rUpa artha sAdRzya ko bhI svIkAra karanA Anandavardhana ke lie sambhava nahIM thA, na hI pRthak kSetra ke kAraNa aisA mAnane kI unake lie upayogitA hI thii| rAjazekhara kA sambandha kavizikSA se thA, unhoMne kavi dvArA kahIM se bhI prabhAva grahaNa karane ko arthaharaNa ke antargata rakhakara upajIvana ko vyApaka rUpa

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[214] diyA hai| mUla vastu ko bhI kahIM se grahaNa karane ko unhoMne haraNa ke antargata rakhA hai| kavi ko paripUrNa zikSA denA hI unakA uddezya thA isI kAraNa unhoMne pUrva artha ke pratibimba ke samAna lagane vAle artha, citra ke samAna artha, zarIra ke samAna artha aura mUla meM eka samAna artha sabhI kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / mRla vastu kI samAnatA vAlA yaha caturtha bheda unakA apanA hai, Anandavardhana se AdhAra prApta nhiiN| arthaharaNa ke bheda : ayoni arthAt maulika apUrva kAvyArthoM ke udbhAvaka cintAmaNi kavi ke dvArA udbhAvita maulika artha ke atirikta kaviyoM ke kAvya meM do prakAra ke artha aura dekhe gae haiM-ve artha jinakI udbhAvanA koI pUrva kavi karate hoM aura bAda meM Ane vAle kavi inhIM arthoM ko lekara kAvya racanA karate haiM / ina arthoM ko anya yoni artha kahA gayA hai| dUsare prakAra ke artha ve haiM, jinake viSaya meM yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki unakA udbhAvaka kAvyaracanA karane vAlA kavi svayaM hai yA koI anya kvi| ayoni tathA anya yoni arthoM ko AcArya rAjazekhara ke bahata pUrva AcArya vAmana ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM kAvya meM varNita arthoM ke do vikalpa ho sakate hai-kavi kI apanI udbhAvanA rUpa meM prastuta maulika ayoni artha tathA kisI anya kavi kI chAyA para racA gayA anyayoni artha / / AcArya rAjazekhara ke anusAra anyayoni tathA nihatayoni donoM hI prakAra ke arthoM ke AdhAra para abhyAsI kavi kAvya racanA karate haiN| anyayoni artha ko kevala sAdhAraNa abhyAsI kavi grahaNa karate haiN| unameM bhI kevala anyayoni artha ke eka bheda Alekhyaprakhya ko - jisameM kucha saMskAra karake arthagrahaNa kiyA jAtA hai-abhyAsI kavi grahaNa kara sakate haiN| pratibimbakalpa artha ko jisameM paramArthata: koI bheda na ho kevala vAkya racanA hI bhinna prakAra kI ho-grahaNa karanA abhyAsI kavi ke lie bhI ucita nahIM hai| nihnatayoni artha ko siddha tathA utkRSTa koTi ke kavi bhI apanAte haiM jinameM artha kevala sadRza sA hotA hai, vahIM nhiiN| isa prakAra arthagrahaNa ke upAyoM se abhyAsI kavi kevala Alekhyaprakhya, tulyadehitulya aura parapurapravezasadRza artho dvividho'yoniranyacchAyAyonizca / ayoniH akAraNa: avadhAnamAtrakAraNa ityrth| anyasya kAvyasya chAyA tadyoniH (3/2/7) (kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti - vAmana)

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[215] arthoM ko hI apanA sakatA hai-pratibimbakalpa ko apanAnA nikRSTakArya hai, kyoMki usameM artha bilkula vahI hotA hai, kiJcit parivartita nhiiN| jo artha dUsare kaviyoM kI racanAoM se grahaNa kie jAte haiM unameM do rUpa sAmane Ate haiM, eka jisakA bilkula pUrva artha ke rUpa meM hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai tathA dUsarA jisakA kizcit saMskAra ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai- inameM se prathama pratibimba kalpa artha kahalAtA hai aura dUsarA Alekhya prkhy| pratibimbakalpa : pratibimbakalpa artha meM pazcAt kavi kI racanA meM pUrva kavi ke samasta bhAva usI rUpa meM vidyamAna hote haiM-kevala vAkya vinyAsa meM bhinnatA hotI hai| jisa prakAra darpaNa meM pratibimbita hone vAlA ceharA vahI hotA hai, usI rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai kiJcit bhinna rUpa meM nahIM-usI prakAra jaba kisI kavi ke artha ko koI anya kavi kevala vAkyavinyAsa meM bheda karake usI rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai to bAda meM nibaddha kiyA gayA artha pUrva artha ke rUpa meM hI sahRdayoM ko pratIta hotA hai-navIna rUpa meM use svIkAra karanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| pUrva artha kA dUsarA artha pratibimba mAtra hotA hai-jaise pratibimba vastu se bhinna prakAra kA na hokara vastu jaisA hI hotA hai, usI prakAra bilkula vahI artha nibaddha kie jAne para pUrvanibaddha artha rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa kAraNa kisI kavi ke kAvya ke bilkula usI artha ko lekara use kevala bhinna prakAra ke vAkya meM nibaddha karake prastuta karane kA kavi ke lie aucitya nahIM hai| arthagrahaNa kA yaha prakAra kaviyoM ke lie grAhya nahIM hai, phira bhI isa prakAra kA artha grahaNa kisa-kisa prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai yaha nirdeza rAjazekhara ne arthaharaNa ke isa prakAra ke bhedoM sahita kiyA hai-abhyAsI kaviyoM ko isa prakAra ke arthaharaNa kI anupAdeyatA batalAnA hI yahA~ para uddezya hai| 1. arthaH sa eva sarvo vAkyAntaraviracanAparaM yatra tadaparamArthavibhedaM kAvyaM pratimbikalpaM syaat| (kAvyamImAMsA - dvAdaza adhyAya) 2. mo'yaM kaverakavitvadAyI sarvathA pratibimbakalpaH pariharaNIya: yataH"pRthaktvena na gRhanti vastu kaavyaantrsthitm| pRthaktvena na gRhanti svavapu: prtivimbitm|" kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya)

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[216] pratibimbakalpa ke ATha bheda-vyastaka, khaNDa, tailabindu, naTanepathya, chandovinimaya, hetuvyatyaya, saGkAnta aura sampuTa hai-jinheM bhalI bhA~ti jAnakara tyAga denA hI sarvathA ucita hai| vyastaka: kisI kavi kI racanA ke kisI artha ko lekara usakA krama badala denA arthAt jo bAta pahale kahI gaI hai use bAda meM tathA jo bAda meM kahI gaI hai use pahale kahanA vyastaka nAmaka bheda hai|| khaNDa: kisI kavi kI racanA meM pUrNarUpa meM varNita kisI artha ke kevala aMza ko hI lekara usakA varNana karanA khaNDa kahalAtA hai| tailabindu : kisI saMkSepa meM varNita artha kA vistAra se varNana karanA tailabinda bheda hai 3 naTanepathya: kisI bhASA ke artha ko lekara use kisI anya bhASA meM varNita karanA naTanepathya nAmaka bheda hai| 4 yahA~ kevala bhASA meM parivartana hotA hai, artha meM tAtvika bheda nahIM kiyA jaataa| chandovinimaya : kevala chanda kA parivartana chandovinimaya kahalAtA hai|5 eka bhASA kA kavi jisa chanda meM racanA karatA ho, dUsarA kavi usase bhinna chanda meM racanA karatA hai, kintu artha bilkula vahI hotA hai| 1. 'sa evArthaH paurvAparyaviparyAsAd vyastakaH' 2. 'bRhato'rthasyArddhapraNayanaM khaNDam' 3 'saMkSiptArthavistareNa taila binduH' 4. 'anyatamabhASAnibaddhaM bhASAntareNa parivartyata naTanepathyam' 5 'chandasA parivRttizchandovinimaya:' kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) meM sabhI kA ullekh|

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hetuvyatyayaH : kisI kavi ne eka artha ko jisa kAraNa se grahaNa kiyA hai, bilkula usI artha ko kisI anya kAraNa se grahaNa karanA hetuvyatyaya hai| [217] saDakrAnta : kahIM dekhe gae kisI artha ko kahIM dUsare sthAna para lAgU kara denA, 2 kahIM dekhI gaI bilkula usI artha rUpa vastu ko kahIM dUsare sthAna meM saGkramita kara denA saGkrAnta nAmaka bheda hai| sampuTa : jahA~ do racanAoM ke bhinna-bhinna bhAvoM ko milAkara sAtha hI eka racanA meM bilkula usI rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai usa arthaharaNa prakAra ko sampuTa kahate haiM / pratibimbakalpa artha ke ina sabhI bhedoM meM artha dUsaroM se liyA jAtA hai, bilkula usI rUpa meM artha ko jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra kara lenA isa haraNa kI vizeSatA hai kavi artha meM kiJcit bhI parivartana yA saMskAra to nahIM karatA, kevala vAkyavinyAsa apanA karatA hai| kavi kI vahI racanA kAvya kahI jA sakatI hai jisameM kavi kI racanA camatkArakArI rUpa meM pratibhAsita huI ho| isa prakAra ke bheda meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| isa AdhAra para artha lekara racanA karane vAlA kavi nahIM kahalA sktaa| kevala vAkyavinyAsa sIkhane kI prArambhika kavi kI avasthA meM isa bheda se sambhavataH kucha sahAyatA mila sakatI ho, anyathA arthaharaNa kA yaha prakAra tyAjya hai| Alekhyaprakhya: 2 3 dUsare kavi dvArA nibaddha artha ke grahaNa rUpa anyayoni artha kA dvitIya bheda Alekhyaprakhya kahalAtA hai| prAcIna bhAva lekara hI usakA isa prakAra saMskAra kiyA jAe ki vaha prAcIna bhAva se bhinna pratIta hone lage - isa prakAra ke arthagrahaNa ko Alekhyaprakhya kahate haiM jisa prakAra kisI vastu kA 4 kAraNaparAvRtyA hetuvyatyayaH dRSTasya vastuno'nyatra saGkramiti: saGkrAntam ubhayavAkyArthopAdAnaM sampuTa kithatA'pi patra saMskArakarmaNA vastu bhinnvdbhaati| tatkathitamarthacaturairAlekhyaprakhyamiti kAvyam // kAvyamImAMsA (dvAdaza adhyAya) meM sabhI kA ullekha /

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[218] Alekhana yA citra usakI apekSA kucha adhika AkarSaka yA saMskRta hotA hai, vaise hI yaha artha bhI pUrva artha kI apekSA kucha adhika saMskRta hone se adhika prabhAvazAlI hotA hai| dUsaroM ke bhAvoM kA bhI svakRta saMskAra sahita grahaNa hone se yaha haraNa kaviyoM ke lie grAhya hai| jisa prakAra eka hI naTa bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM saMskAra karake bhinna-bhinna pAtroM ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai, usI prakAra eka hI artha vibhinna prakAra se saMskAra karane se vibhinna pratIta ho sakatA hai| pUrva nibaddha artha yadi usI rUpa meM na grahaNa kie jAkara kavi kI pratibhA dvArA saMskRta rUpa meM grahaNa kie jAte haiM to sahRdaya hRdaya ko camatkRta bhI karate haiN| isa kAraNa pUrva arthoM ko bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu saMskAra ke sAtha hii| pUrNata: usI rUpa meM arthagrahaNa karanA doSa hai| saMskRta hone para yadi usakI bhinna rUpa meM pratIti ho to usakA doSatva nahIM hai| uktivaicitrya ke kAraNa koI bhI artha vahI hone para bhI anyathA pratIta hotA hai-kavi ke uktivaicitrya kA yahI vaiziSTaya hai| vibhinna kaviyoM kI apanI-apanI vibhinna prakAra kI pratibhA hone se eka hI artha bhinna-bhinna kaviyoM ke kAvya meM eka hote hue bhI bhinna pratIta hotA hai tathA kavi ke varNana stara kI dRSTi se hI kahIM adhika prabhAvazAlI tathA camatkArayukta hotA hai aura kahIM km| isa prakAra pUrvanibaddha artha bhI yadi pazcAdvartI kavi ke apane prabhAva se bhinna rUpa meM nibaddha ho to camatkAra kA kAraNa hogA aura camatkArI hone se isa prakAra kA arthaharaNa kaviyoM ke lie grAhya hai| pUrva arthoM kA Alekhyaprakhya rUpa aisA saMskAra ki vaha kiJcit bhinna pratIta ho ATha prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai-samakrama, vibhUSaNamoSa, vyutkrama, vizeSokti, uttaMsa, naTanepathya, (navanepathya) ekaparikArya, prtyaaptti| samakrama : jahA~ eka samAna artha kA hI sakramaNa kiyA jAe vaha samakrama nAmaka bheda hai|| vibhUSaNamoSa : pUrvaracanA meM alaGkArasahita rUpa meM varNita kisI artha ko hI dUsarI racanA meM alaGkAra rahita rUpa meM varNana karanA vibhUSaNamoSa kahalAtA hai ? 1. 'sadRzasaJcAraNaM samakramaH' 2 'alaDakRtamanalaDakRtyAbhidhIyata iti vibhUSaNamoSaH' kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya) meM sabhI

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[219] vyutkrama : jo artha kisI eka krama se kisI racanA meM varNita ho usakA usI ke viparIta krama se varNana vyutkrama hai|1 vizeSokti : kisI sAmAnya artha ko usI prakAra se grahaNa karake usakA kiJcit vizeSa rUpa se varNana vizeSokti kahalAtA hai ? uttaMsa : pUrva racanA meM jo artha gaur3a rUpa meM varNita ho usI kA paravartI racanA meM mukhya artha ke rUpa meM varNana karanA uttaMsa hai| naTanepathya : kisI racanA meM varNita kisI eka artha ko kathana bheda se viparIta kara denA arthAt vaha bhinna pratIta hone lage aisA banA denA naTanepathya hai / / jaise eka hI naTa dUsare-dUsare rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai-vaise eka hI vastu kathana bheda se bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM sAmane AtI hai| arthaharaNa ke Alekhyaprakhya nAmaka bheda ke ATha avAntara bhedoM meM se yaha eka viziSTa bheda mAnA gayA hai, kintu anya avAntara bhedoM meM apanA jo bhinna-bhinna vaiziSTya hai, usa prakAra kA isameM koI vaiziSTaya dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| isameM kevala Alekhyaprakhya kI sAmAnya viziSTatA 'bhaNitivaicitrya se kisI artha kA bhinna pratIta honA' hI dikhalAI detI hai| ekaparikArya : jahA~ eka hI artha ho aura alaGkAra bhI donoM racanAoM meM eka hI hoM kevala donoM racanAoM kI alaGkArya vastu hI bhinna-bhinna ho vaha eka parikArya nAmaka bheda hai 5 -kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya) meM sabhI 1 krameNAbhihitasyArthasya viparItAbhidhAnaM vyutkramaH' 2 sAmAnyanibandhe vizeSAbhidhAnaM vizeSoktiH 3 upasarjanasyArthasya pradhAnatAyAmuttaMsaH 4. tadeva vastUktivazAdanyathA kriyata iti naTanepathyam 5. parikarasAmye satyapi parikAryasyAnyathAtvAdekaparikArya:

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[220] pratyApatti : vikRta artha ko usake prakRta rUpa meM pahu~cA denA arthAt eka hI vastu jo pUrva racanA meM vikAra ke sAtha (apane vikRta rUpa meM) varNita ho usakA usake svAbhAvika rUpa meM varNana karanA pratyApatti kahalAtA hai / 1 ina sabhI bhedoM kA vaiziSTya hai pUrva artha kA kiJcit saMskAra sahita grahaNa / kabhI-kabhI kAvya meM aise artha bhI nibaddha kie jAte haiM jinake viSaya meM yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki unakA udbhAvaka kavi kauna hai - koI pUrva kavi athavA kAvya nirmAtA kavi svayam / isa prakAra kA artha nihnutayoni artha kahalAtA haiN| isake do bheda haiM tulyadehitulya tathA parapurapravezasadRza / tulyadehitulya meM artha kisI pUrva artha se milatA julatA to hotA hai kintu usase pUrNata: bhinna bhI, vahI nahIM / parapurapravezasadRza meM kevala mUla vastu hI kisI pUrva artha kI vastu ke samAna hotI hai kintu usakA varNana bilkula bhinna hotA hai| ina donoM bhedoM ke isa prakAra ke svarUpa ke kAraNa inake viSaya meM yaha nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA ki yaha haraNa kie gae artha haiM athavA svayam udbhAvita artha / ina arthoM ko haraNa rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura kavi kI apanI udbhAvanA rUpa meM bhii| apanI isa doraGgI sthiti ke kAraNa yadi yaha haraNa hoM to bhI utkRSTa kaviyoM ke lie bhI grAhya haiN| tulyadehitulya : tulyadehitulya bheda kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki artha meM vastutaH pUrva artha se bhinnatA hone para bhI atyanta sAdRzya use pUrva artha se abhinna hI pratIta karAtA hai / 2 tulyadehitulya kA artha hai kisI zarIra ke samAna hI zarIra vAlA, kintu vahI nahIM, koI anya / pratibimbakalpa meM usI zarIra kA dUsarA artha pratibimba mAtra thA, kintu tulyadehitulya meM do bhinna-bhinna kintu sadRza se dikhane vAle zarIroM ke samAna 1 vikRteH prakRtiprApaNaM pratyApattiH 2. viSayasya yatra bhede'pyabhedabuddhirnitAntasAdRzyAt tattulyadehitulyaM kAvyaM badhnanti sudhiyo'pi / kAvyamImAMsA (trayodaza adhyAya) - kAvyamImAMsA (dvAdaza adhyAya)

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[221] do bhinna-bhinna artha haiM jo kevala sAdRzya ke kAraNa abhinna na hone para bhI abhinna se pratIta hote haiN| kisI pUrva kavi kI racanA ke atyanta sadRza kintu vastutaH bhinna artha vAlI racanA acche kavi bhI prAyaH karate haiM-ata: arthaharaNa kA yaha prakAra sabhI kaviyoM ke lie grAhya bhI hai| yaha tulyadehitulya artha bhI ATha prakAra kA hai-viSayaparivarta, dvandvavicchitti, ratnamAlA, saMkhyollekha, cUlikA, vidhAnApahAra, mANikyapuJja, knd| viSaya parivartaH : eka hI vastu kI dUsare viSaya se yojanA karane para usake dUsare rUpa kI prApti honA viSaya parivarta nAmaka bheda hai| dvandvavicchitti : jo viSaya do rUpoM meM varNita ho use eka nizcita viSaya yA vastU kA rUpa de denA dvandvavicchitti ratnamAlA : pUrvakavi dvArA varNita kisI artha ko dUsare arthoM se vyavahita yA yukta kara denA ratnamAlA hai 3 saMkhyollekha : eka racanA meM kisI vastu kI jo saMkhyA kahI gaI hai usa vastu kI usase viparIta saMkhyA kA ullekha yadi koI karatA hai to saMkhyollekha nAmaka bheda hai 4 cUlikA : kisI pUrva kavi dvArA kahe gae artha ko kahakara usakI apekSA kucha vizeSa artha kA bhI ullekha karanA cUlikA nAmaka bheda hai 5 yaha samAna aura asamAna do prakAra kI hone se saMvAdinI aura / 1 tasyaiva vastuno viSayAntarayojanAdanyarUpApattirviSayaparivartaH 2 dvirUpasya vastuno'nyatamarUpopAdAnaM dvandvavicchittiH pUrvArthAnAmarthAntarairantaraNaM ratnamAlA 4 saGkhyAvaiSamyeNArthapraNayanaM saGkhyollekha: 5 samamabhidhAyAdhikasyopanyAsazcUlikA kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya)

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[222] visaMvAdinI do prakAra kI kahalAtI hai| usI artha meM atirikta samAna vaiziSTya jor3anA saMvAdinI cUlikA hai aura usI artha meM atirikta viparIta vaiziSTya jor3anA visaMvAdinI cUlikA hai| vidhAnApahAra : jisa bAta kA kisI kavi ne niSedha rUpa se nibandhana kiyA ho usI artha kA vidhAna rUpa se ullekha vidhAnApahAra nAmaka bheda hai|| mANikyapuJja : bahuta sI racanAoM ke artho ko jahA~ eka hI racanA meM grahaNa kiyA jAe vaha mANikyapuJja hai| kanda : eka artha ko usake aGkara rUpa vizeSa prakAroM se citrita karanA kanda hai| tulyadehitulya artha meM mUla arthavastu meM bheda hone para bhI pUrva artha meM atyanta sadRza varNana use pUrva artha jaisA hI pratIta karAtA hai| kisI pUrva kavi kI racanA se atyanta varNana sAdRzya hone para bhI paravartI kavi kA pratibhA dvArA kiyA gayA saMskAra tathA pratibhotpanna camatkAra usameM avazya upasthita hotA hai-isI kAraNa yaha tulyadehitulya arthaharaNa bheda ullekhanIya hai tathA isI kAraNa sarvathA grAhya aura svIkArya bhii| tulyadehitulya artha meM pUrva artha hI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA balki pUrva artha se atyanta sadRza artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai-ata: ise arthaharaNa bheda mAnane kI apekSA Anandavardhana dvArA mAnya arthasAdRzya bheda mAnane kA hI adhika aucitya hai| kintu rAjazekhara dvArA usake arthaharaNa rUpa meM mAnya hone kI samIcInatA isa dRSTi se hai ki yadyapi isameM pUrva artha grahaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA phira bhI pUrva artha kA kiJcit bhAva avazya grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa kAraNa ise arthasAdRzya tathA arthaharaNa donoM ke hI bheda rUpa meM svIkAra karane kA aucitya hai| phira bhI ise arthaharaNa kA bheda na kahakara bhAvaharaNa kA bheda 1 niSedhasya vidhinA nibandho vidhAnApahAra: 2 bahUnAmarthAnAmekatropasaMhAro mANikyapuJja : 3 kandabhUto'rthaH kandalAyamAnairvizeSairabhidhIyata iti kndH| kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya) me sabhI

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[223] kahA jAe yahI adhika ucita hai kyoMki isameM pUrvaracanA ke arthoM kA nahIM, kevala bhAvoM kA haraNa kiyA jAtA hai| parapurapravezasadRza : nihRtayoni artha kA dvitIya bheda-jahA~ mUla meM ekatA ho kintu racanA meM sarvathA bheda ho parapurapravezasadRza kahalAtA hai|| racanA meM bheda kA tAtparya yahA~ vAkya vinyAsa se nahIM hai-kintu bhinna prakAra ke varNana se hai| isa prakAra jahA~ eka hI mUla vastu kA bhinna prakAra se varNana kiyA jAe vaha parapurapravezasadRza arthaharaNa hai-jaise donoM racanAoM meM varSAkAlIna kadamba puSpoM kA varNana ho kintu bhinna prakAra se, bhinna dRSTi se| mUla varNanIya vastu vahI hone para bhI usakA bhinna prakAra se varNita honA isa prakAra ke arthaharaNa ko grAhya banA detA hai| yahA~ kevala mUla artha hI samAna hotA hai, sampUrNa artha nhiiN| eka mUla vastu lekara usakA bhinna rUpa meM varNana ucca koTi ke kavi bhI karate haiN| isa prakAra ke arthaharaNa ke bhI ATha bheda haiM-huDayuddha, pratikaJcaka, vastusaJcAra, dhAtuvAda, satkAra, jIvaJjIvaka, bhAvamudrA, tdvirodhii| huDayuddha : kisI prAcIna kavi dvArA varNita artha ko kisI yukti se parivartita kara denA huDayuddha nAmaka bheda hai| pratikaJcuka : kisI kavi kI racanA meM jo vastu eka prakAra se varNita ho usakA anya prakAra se varNana karanA pratimaJcuka kahalAtA hai| 1 mUlaikyaM yatra bhavetparikarabandhastu dUrato'nekaH tatparapurapravezapratimaM kAvyaM sukavibhAvyam kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) 2 upanibaddhasya vastunI yuktimatI privRttihuNddyuddhm| kAvyamImAMsA (trayodaza yAga) 3 'prakArAntareNa visadRzaM yadvastu tasya nibandhaH pratikaJcukam' kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya)

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[224] vastusaJcAra : pUrva kavi ne kisI vastu ke lie jina upamAnoM kA prayoga kiyA ho unake sthAna para usI vastu ke lie dUsare upamAnoM kA prayoga vastusaJcAra hai|| dhAtuvAda : jisa vastu kA varNana kisI kavi ne zabdAlaGkAroM kA prayoga karake kiyA ho usI kA varNana arthAlaGkAroM kA prayoga karate hue karanA dhAtuvAda hai|2 satkAra : kisI kavi ne jisa sAmAnya vastu kA varNana kiyA ho usI kA vizeSa racanA dvArA vizeSa rUpa meM varNana satkAra hai| jIvaJjIvaka : kAvyaracanA ke prArambha meM pUrvakavi kI racanA ke samAna artha kA varNana kintu bAda meM arthAt upasaMhAra meM bhinna artha kA varNana jIvaJjIvaka hai|4 bhAvamudrA : prAcIna kavi ke bhAva yA abhiprAya kA citraNa bhAvamudrA nAmaka bheda hai|5 . tadvirodhI : pUrva kavi kI kAvyaracanA ke bhAva ke virUddha kAvyaracanA tadvirodhI nAmaka bheda hai 6 arthaharaNa ke isa parapurapraveza sadRza nAmaka bheda meM sampUrNa artha kI nahIM, kintu kevala mUla vastu kI ekatA hotI hai| sAtha hI racanA yA varNana prakAra meM bheda hotA hai| eka hI mUla vastu ko kavi apaneapane DhaMga se bhinna rUpa meM varNana kareM to ve bhinna hI ho jAtI hai| mUla vastu kI ekatA rUpa hone para bhI kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya) meM sabhI 1. 'upamAnasyopamAnAntaraparivRttirvastusaJcAraH' 2. zabdAlaGkArasyArthAlaGkAreNAnyathAtvaM dhAtuvAdaH 3 tasyaiva vastuna utkarSeNAnyathAkaraNaM satkAra: 4 pUrvasadRzaH pazcAdbhinno jIvaJjIvakaH prAktanavAkyAbhiprAnibandhI bhAvamudrA 6 pUrvArthaparipanthinI vasturacanA tadvirodhI

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[225] varNana prakAra kI bhinnatA se yaha bheda uccakoTi ke kaviyoM dvArA bhI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| ataH sabhI kaviyoM ke lie svIkArya hai| kavi ke lie arthaharaNa ke 32 upAyoM ko unakI upAdeyatA, anupAdeyatA sahita jAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| kintu yaha AvazyakatA prArambhika abhyAsI, kAvyazikSA ke icchuka kavi ke lie hI adhika hai| arthaharaNa ke vibhinna avAntara bhedoM kA paraspara tulanIya svarUpa : AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kie gae arthaharaNa ke 32 avAntara bhedoM meM se aneka arthabheda apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se paraspara samAna se haiM / arthaharaNa ke cAra pramukha bheda haiM-una cAroM kI apanI-apanI sAmAnya vizeSatA unake apane-apane avAntara bhedoM meM avazya hai, phira bhI aneka avAntara bhedo ke apane vizeSa rUpa aneka anya avAntara bhedoM ke vizeSa rUpa se samAnatA rakhate haiN| vibhinna avAntara bheda apane viziSTa rUpa meM bhale hI anya viziSTa bhedoM se samAnatA rakhate hoM kintu inakA sAmAnya rUpa bhinna avazya hai| pratyeka arthaharaNa bheda kA sAmAnya vaiziSTya usake avAntara bhedoM meM avazya rahatA hai| ataH avAntara bhedoM ke paraspara samAna viziSTa svarUpa ke AdhAra para unakI tulanA to kI jA sakatI hai kintu apane-apane sAmAnya svarUpa kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa unheM eka hI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| arthaharaNa kA viziSTa avAntara bhedoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjana AcArya rAjazekhara kI maulika udbhAvanA hai - aura usakA apanA viziSTa mahatva hai| unakI AlocanA kevala unakI tulanA karane ke rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai| unakI vAstavika vibhinnatA ke kAraNa unheM eka kahanA to nahIM, kintu kucha aMzoM meM samAna kahanA sambhava hai| vyastaka evaM vyutkrama : pratibimba kalpa arthaharaNa kA vyastaka bheda tathA Alekhyaprakhya kA vyutkrama bheda paraspara samAna se haiN| 1 vyastaka meM kisI racanA meM varNita pUrva artha ko para kara dete haiM aura para artha ko pUrva, arthAt eka 1 ma evArthaH paurvAparyaviparyAsAd vyastakaH ' 'krameNAbhihitasyArthasya viparItAbhidhAnaM vyutkramaH ' kAvyamImAMsA ( dvAdaza adhyAya) kAvyamImAMsA (trayodaza adhyAya)

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[226] racanA meM varNita artha ko dUsarI racanA meM Age pIche kara dete haiM- vyutkrama meM pUrvaracanA meM kisI vastu kA jisa krama se varNana kiyA gayA thA, dUsarI racanA meM usI krama ko viparIta kara dete haiN| krama parivartana donoM kI samAna vizeSatA hai| vyastaka meM pUrvaracanA meM kahI gaI bAta ko dUsarI racanA meM usI DhaMga se kevala Upara nIce kara dete haiM, kintu vyutkrama meM pUrvaracanA meM kisI vastu kA jisa krama se varNana kiyA gayA thA usI vastu kA dUsare krama se varNana karate hue racanA karate haiN| yahA~ pUrva racanA meM kahI gaI bAta ko Upara nIce nahIM kiyA jAtA, balki pUrva racanA meM varNita usa vastu ke krama ko badala diyA jAtA hai| krama parivartana donoM hI bhedoM meM kiyA jAtA hai kintu dvitIya meM saMskAra ke sAtha, yahI unakA bheda hai| prathama meM vAkyaracanA kA krama parivartita kiyA jAtA hai, dvitIya meM varNya vastu kA krm| tailabindu, cUlikA evaM kanda : pratibimbakalpa arthaharaNa kA tailabindu nAmaka bheda bhI anya kaI arthaharaNa bhedoM se samAnatA rakhatA hai-jaise tulyadehitulya ke cUlikA tathA kanda nAmaka bheda se| kisI kAvyaracanA meM varNita saMkSipta artha kA dUsarI racanA meM vistArapUrvaka varNana karanA pratibimbakalpa kA tailabindu bheda hai| tulyadehitulya kA cUlikA bheda samAna artha ko kahakara usakI apekSA kucha vizeSa artha ko kahane se sambandha rakhatA hai aura tulyadehitulya kA hI eka bheda kanda eka artha ko usake aMkura rUpa vizeSa prakAroM se citrita karane se sambaddha hai| yaha tInoM bheda pUrva racanA kI apekSA paravartI racanA meM varNana ke kucha vyApaka rUpa se sambandha rakhate haiN| tailabindu meM dUsarI racanA meM usI artha kA kevala vistRta rUpa meM varNana kara diyA jAtA hai| cUlikA meM pUrva racanA ke samAna hI artha kA varNana hotA hai kintu usameM kucha vizeSatA kA sambandha aura jor3a diyA jAtA hai| kanda meM eka hI artha ko lekara usake aGkura rUpa vizeSa prakAroM se citrita kiyA jAtA hai| vaha bhI eka saMkSipta artha ke vibhinna prakAra se varNana rUpa vistAra se sambaddha hai| usI artha kA vistAra tailabindu kI vizeSatA hai| usI artha kA nahIM, kintu samAna artha kA kathana aura usameM kucha 1. saMkSiptArthavistareNa tailabinduH kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) samamabhidhAyAdhikasyopanyAsazcUlikA / kandabhUto'rthaH kandalAyamAnaivizepairabhidhIyata iti kandaH kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya)

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[227] atirikta viziSTatA kA AdhAna kara denA cUlikA kI tathA eka hI artha kA vizeSa prakAroM se varNana kanda kI vizeSatA hai| tailabindu meM eka hI artha usI rUpa meM vistRta hotA hai| cUlikA meM pUrva artha kA sadRza artha kucha viziSTatA ke bhI sahita tathA kanda meM kanda yA bIjabhUta eka saMkSipta artha apane aneka vizeSa prakAroM se varNita hotA hai| isa prakAra artha kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM vistRta honA ina tInoM hI bhedoM kI vizeSatA hai| kintu jina arthaharaNoM ke yaha bheda haiM unakI paraspara bhinna mUlabhUta vizeSatAeM inake viziSTa rUpa ke samAna hone para bhI inheM paraspara pRthak karatI rahatI haiN| saGkrAntaka evaM samakrama : pratibimbakalpa arthaharaNa kA kahIM dekhI gaI vastu kA saGkramaNa rUpa saGkrAntaka nAmaka bheda aura Alekhyaprakhya kA samAna artha kA saGkramaNa rUpa samakrama nAmaka bheda paraspara paryApta rUpa meM samAna haiN| samakrama aura saGkrAntaka donoM bhedoM kA sambandha eka samAna hI prakAra ke arthavarNana se hai| eka sthAna kA artha donoM meM hI dUsare sthAna meM saGkramita ho jAtA hai, kintu saGkrAntaka meM yaha saGkramaNa bilkula usI rUpa meM tathA samakrama meM usI rUpa meM nahIM balki kucha pRthak rUpa meM hotA hai| samAna artha kI hI dUsare sthAna para niyojanA honA rUpa eka samAna vaiziSTya donoM meM hai| ina bhedoM kA AdhAra samAna artha kA dUsare sthAna para saGkramaNa athavA dUsare viSaya se sambaddha ho jAnA hai| saGkrAntaka meM vahI artha pUrva racanA meM jisa sthAna para varNita thA dUsarI racanA meM usase bhinna sthAna meM varNita hotA hai, kintu usI rUpa meN| samakrama meM vahI samAna artha hI kahIM dUsare vastu, viSaya yA sthAna se sambandhita ho jAtA hai kintu alpa saMskAra ke saath| samAna artha kA saGkramaNa honA ina bhedoM kA samAna vaiziSTya hai| sampuTa evaM mANikyapuJja : pratibimbakalpa kA do bhinna-bhinna racanAoM ke bhAvoM kA eka hI sthAna para grahaNa karane vAlA sampuTa nAmaka bheda aura tulyadehitulya kA bahuta se arthoM kA eka sthAna para upasaMhAra karane vAlA dRSTasya vastuno'nyatra saGkramiti: mAikrAntam sadRzasaJcAraNaM samakramaH kAvyamImAMsA (dvAdaza yAya) kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya)

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[228] mANikyapuJja nAmaka bheda paryApta rUpa meM samAna lagate haiN| prathama meM do racanAoM ke bhAva grahaNa kie jAte haiM, kintu dvitIya meM aneka racanAoM ke bhAva eka sthAna para grahaNa kie jAte haiN| pratibimbakalpa ke bheda sampuTa meM do bhinna-bhinna racanAoM ke bhAva eka sthAna para bilkula usI rUpa meM grahaNa kie jAte haiM tathA mANikyapuJja meM bhinna-bhinna racanAoM ke bhAvoM ko eka sthAna para bhinna rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai-ve sadRza hone ke kAraNa eka se lagate haiM-isa prakAra kaI racanAoM ke bhAvoM ko eka racanA meM grahaNa karanA rUpa viziSTa samAnatA donoM meM hai| unakA sAmAnya rUpa artha ko usI rUpa meM grahaNa karane tathA anya rUpa meM grahaNa karane kI dRSTi se bhinna hai| naTanepathya evaM samakrama : Alekhyaprakhya ke naTanepathya evaM samakrama bheda meM bhI paraspara kiJcit samAnatA hai| kisI racanA meM varNita eka hI artha ko uktivaza anyathA kara denA Alekhyaprakhya kA naTanepathya nAmaka bheda hai| Alekhyaprakhya arthaharaNa kA hI samAna artha kA saGkramaNa rUpa samakrama bheda bhI kucha aisA hI hai| naTanepathya meM eka hI artha kucha dUsarI ukti se sambandhita hokara dUsarA ho jAtA hai aura samakrama meM samAna artha kA dUsare sthAna para saGkramaNa hotA hai| vizeSokti evaM satkAra : Alekhyaprakhya kA sAmAnya artha kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana rUpa vizeSokti tathA parapurapravezasadRza kA sAmAnya artha kA vizeSa rUpa meM utkarSa karate hue dUsare prakAra se varNana rUpa satkAra nAmaka bheda paryApta sadRza se haiN| vizeSokti meM sAmAnya artha kA hI kucha atirikta vizeSatA kA AdhAna karate hue varNana kiyA jAtA hai tathA satkAra meM sAmAnya artha ko hI adhika utkRSTa karane kI dRSTi se usakA kiJcit vizeSa rUpa se varNana kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAnya artha kA hI dUsarI racanA meM varNana rUpa samAnatA donoM meM hai ubhayavAkyArthopAdAnaM sampuTaH kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) bahUnAmarthAnAmekatropasaMhAro mANikyapuJjaH kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya) 2 'tadevavastUktivazAdanyathA kriyata iti nttnepthym'| sadRzasaJcAraNaM samakramaH kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya) 3 mAmAnyanibandhe vizeSAbhidhAnaM vishessoktiH| tasyaiva vastuna utkarSeNAnyathAkaraNa satkAra: kAvyamImAMsA - (trayodaza adhyAya)

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[229] tathA viziSTatA kA AdhAna bhI donoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| eka meM kisI atirikta vizeSatA kA bhI ullekha karate hue tathA dvitIya meM sAmAnya bAta kA kisI vizepa vastu kA vyakti se sambandha jor3ate hue, kyoMki isa prakAra se sAmAnya artha aura bhI utkRSTa ho jAtA hai| Alekhyaprakhya ke bheda vizeSokti meM vahI artha vizeSatA ke ullekha rUpa kiJcit saMskAra ke sAtha varNita hotA hai tathA satkAra meM sAmAnya artha kA mUla rUpa apane utkarSa hetu kisI vizeSa se sambaddha ho jAtA hai| ata: apane viziSTa rUpa meM pUrNa nahIM, kucha samAnatA, kintu apane sAmAnya rUpa meM paryApta bhinnatA ina bhedoM kI vizeSatA hai| huDayuddha evaM tadvirodhI : parapurapravezasadRza arthaharaNa ke huDayuddha tathA taddhirodhI bheda kAphI aMzoM meM milate julate haiN| huDayuddha meM prAcIna kavi kI racanA kA dUsarI racanA meM kavi kucha yukti dete hue parivartana kara detA hai-tathA taddhirodhI meM pUrvakavi dvArA varNita vastu se viruddha vastu kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| virUddha vastu yA viSaya kA varNana donoM sthAnoM para samAna hai| huDayuddha meM virUddha vastu yA viSaya kA varNana yukti dvArA kiyA jAtA hai kintu tadvirodhI meM kevala pUrvaracanA ke kisI virodhI bhAva kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai, yukti dene kI na AvazyakatA hotI hai aura na yukti dI hI jAtI hai| yaha donoM bheda eka pramukha prakAra ke arthaharaNa ke aGga haiM, ataH inameM sAmAnya vizeSatA bhI eka sI hai-mUla vastu kA samAna honA, varNana prakAra kA bhinna honaa| yaha apane viziSTa rUpa meM kucha samAna bhI haiM, kucha bhinna bhii| haraNakartA kaviyoM ke bheda : arthaharaNoM ke cAra prakAra ke AdhAra para AcArya rAjazekhara ne kaviyoM ke bhI cAra prakAra ke vibhAga kie haiN| ye kavi haiM- bhrAmaka, cumbaka, karSaka tathA draavk| ina kaviyoM ko unhoMne laukika kaviyoM kI saMjJA dI hai-isa dRSTi se yaha kavi sAdhAraNa haiN| ina kaviyoM ke atirikta kucha kavi arthaharaNa se pUrNataH pRthaka rahate haiM-aise adRSTapUrva artha ke nirmANa meM kuzala kavi AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM alaukika cintAmaNi kavi haiM 1 upanibaddhasya vastuno yuktimatI privRtti<Page #237
[230] ina kaviyoM ko alaukika kahane kA tAtparya unheM asAdhAraNa kaviyoM kI koTi meM rakhanA hI hai| arthaharaNakartA kaviyoM meM se prathama bhrAmaka kavi kisI prAcIna racanA ko apanI batAkara prasiddha karatA hai| apane isa kArya meM vaha pUrva kavi kI aprasiddhi Adi kAraNoM se saphala hotA hai|| yadyapi racanA pUrNataH kisI pUrva kavi kI hai phira bhI vaha logoM ko bhrama meM DAla detA hai| yadyapi isa arthakaraNakartA kavi kA AcArya ke kathAnusAra pratibimbakalpa arthaharaNa se sambandha mAnA jAnA cAhie kintu pratibimba kalpa artha vaha hai jisameM pUrva racanA kA sampUrNa artha hone para bhI kevala zabda vinyAsa kI bhinnatA ho| parantu bhrAmaka kavi to pUrva racanA ko hI pUrva kavi ke aprasiddhi Adi kAraNoM se apanI navIna racanA batAkara pracArita karatA hai / isa kavi kI racanA meM to pUrva racanA se vAkyavinyAsa kI bhI bhinnatA nahIM hai| ata: isa bhrAmaka kavi ko usakI paricAyaka paribhASA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue pratibimbakalpa se sambaddha mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai| dvitIya prakAra ke arthaharaNa Alekhyaprakhya meM prAcIna racanA kI hI vastu (artha) kucha saMskAra kara die jAne se prAcIna se bhinna pratIta hone lagatI hai| isa dRSTi se arthaharaNakartA kaviyoM meM cumbaka kavi-isa Alekhyaprakhya artha se sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki cumbaka kavi kA vaiziSTya hai dUsare kavi ke artha ko apane manohArI vAkya ke dvArA kucha atirikta zobhA se yukta karate hue prastuta karanA 2 tRtIya prakAra ke tulyadehitulya artha bheda meM pUrva racanA se artha kA vastutaH bheda hone para bhI kisI atyanta sAdRzya ke kAraNa abheda kI pratIti hotI hai| arthaharaNakartA kaviyoM kA bheda arthaharaNa bhedoM ke AdhAra para hI hai| isa dRSTi se kavi ke tRtIya prakAra karSaka ko tulyadehitulya bheda se sambaddha honA cAhie-kintu karSaka kavi kA vaiziSTya hai-dUsare ke vAkyArtha ko lekara usakA apanI racanA meM kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) tanvAno'nanyadRSTatvaM purANasyApi vstunH| yo'prasiyAdibhirdhAmyatyasau syAd bhrAmaka: kaviH / / 2 yazcumbati parasyArthaM vAkyena svana haarinnaa| stokArpitanavacchAyaM cumbakaH sa kvirmtH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya)

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[231] kiJcit viziSTa ullekha sahita niveza krnaa|| tulyadehitulya kA vaiziSTya hai-pUrvaracanA se bhinna artha, jo kevala atyanta sAdRzya ke kAraNa abhinna pratIta hotA hai| kintu karSaka kavi to pUrva racanA ke hI artha ko kiJcit viziSTa ullekha sahita apanI racanA meM apanAtA hai, bhinna artha ko nahIM-ata: isa kavi ke artha meM tulyadehitulya artha kA vaiziSTya na milane ke kAraNa use usase sambaddha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| cumbaka tathA karSaka do vibhinna kavi prakAra svIkAra kie gae haiM kintu unameM viziSTa antara nahIM hai| donoM hI pUrva racanA ke artha ko apanI vAkya racanA meM apanAte haiN| cumbaka kavi pUrva artha ko kucha atirikta zobhA pradAna karatA hai tathA karSaka kavi atirikta viziSTa ullekha se pUrva racanA ke bhAva ko yukta karatA hai| caturtha kavi prakAra drAvaka kA vaiziSTya hai-kisI pUrva racanA ke mUla artha ko apanI racanA meM navIna rUpa meM isa prakAra prastuta karanA ki mUla artha kisI pUrva racanA kA hai yaha bhI jJAta na ho 2 yaha kavi arthaharaNa ke caturtha prakAra parapurapravezasadRza se pUrNataH sambaddha pratIta hotA hai kyoMki mUla vastu kA aikya tathA racanA meM sarvathA bheda parapurapravezasadRza arthaharaNa bheda kA vaiziSTya hai| isa prakAra ina kaviyoM ko pRthak rUpa se eka eka arthaharaNa se sambaddha karanA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki paribhASA kI dRSTi se Alekhyaprakhya tathA parapurapravezasadRza artha se cumbaka tathA drAvaka kavi to sambaddha kie jA sakate haiM, kintu bhrAmaka tathA karSaka kavi rAjazekhara dvArA dI gaI unakI paribhASA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue pratibimbakalpa tathA tulyadehitulya artha se sambaddha nahIM kie jA skte| AcArya rAjazekhara ne haraNa kI hI dRSTi se kavi vibhAga karate hue kaviyoM ko kucha anya nAma bhI die haiM-utpAdaka, parivartaka, AcchAdaka tathA saMvargaka utpAdaka kavi apane pratibhA gaNa ke kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) 1 paravAkyArthamAkRSya yaH svavAci niveshyet| sammulekhena kenApi sa smRtaH karSaka: kviH|| apratyabhijJeyatayA svavAkye navatAM nyet| yo drAvayitvA mUlArthaM drAvakaH sa bhvetkviH|| 3 utpAdakaH kavi kazcitkazcinca privrtkH| AcchAdakastathA cAnyastathA sNvrgko'prH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[232] kAraNa pUrNataH maulika racanA karane meM samartha haiN| parivartaka kavi dUsaroM ke hI arthoM ko ulaTa pulaTa kara apane zabdoM meM parivartita karate haiN| AcchAdaka kavi dUsaroM kI racanAoM se haraNa karake bhI use chipAne meM samartha hote haiM tathA saMvargaka kavi dUsare kA arthaharaNa karake apane zabdoM meM rakhane meM samartha hote haiN| ina cAra kaviyoM kA AcArya rAjazekhara ne nAma mAtra se ullekha kiyA hai| inakA vaiziSTya kyA hai yaha unhoMne spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| inakA zabdaharaNa ke adhyAya meM ullekha hone se kevala zabdaharaNa se hI unheM sambaddha mAnane kA unakA tAtparya rahA ho yaha bhI sambhava hai, kintu yaha pUrNata spaSTa nahIM hai| phira bhI inake nAma kI dRSTi se utpAdaka kavi kA maulika racanA karane vAle cintAmaNi kavi se, dUsaroM ke arthoM ko ulaTa palaTa kara apanI racanA meM parivartita karane vAle parivartaka kavi kA dUsaroM ke arthoM ko viziSTa ullekha se yukta karake apane zabdoM meM prastuta karane vAle karSaka kavi se, dUsaroM kI racanAoM meM se kie gae haraNa ko chipAne meM samartha AcchAdaka kavi kA pUrvaracanA kI mUla vastu lekara apane zabdoM meM prastuta karane vAle drAvaka kavi se tathA dUsaroM kA arthaharaNa karake apane zabdoM meM prastuta karane vAle saMvargaka kavi kA dUsaroM ke arthoM ko apanI racanA meM kiJcit zobhA se yukta rUpa meM prastuta karane vAle cumbaka kavi se aikya svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM se utpAdaka kavi ke sambandha meM bANabhaTTa kA vicAra hai ki isa prakAra ke kavi durlabha haiN| 1 arthaharaNa prakAroM kI dRSTi se parivartaka kavi ko Alekhyaprakhya arthaharaNa se AcchAdaka kavi ko parapurapravezasadRza arthaharaNa se tathA saMvargaka kavi ko pratibimbakalpa arthaharaNa se sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| maulikatA : kavi kI maulikatA ko usake sarvAdhika utkRSTa guNa ke rUpa meM prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| kAvya meM jo artha varNanIya hai ve prAcIna haiM yA navIna yaha maulikatA yA navInatA kA kSetra nahIM hai| maulikatA kevala isI bAta se sambaddha hai ki varNana karane vAlA kavi kisI bhI artha ko kitane 1 santi zvAna ivAsaMkhyA jAtibhAjo gRhe gRhe utpAdakA na bahavaH kavayazzarabhA iva / 6 / harSacarita (bANabhaTTa prathama usa

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[233] adhika se adhika navIna rUpa meM anyoM se vilakSaNa rUpa meM prastuta kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra kAvya kI maulikatA kA sambandha kAvya kA viSaya kitanA maulika tathA navIna hai isa bAta se kama, kintu viSaya kA prastutIkaraNa kitane navIna DhaMga se kitane maulika rUpa meM huA hai isa bAta se adhika hai| sarvathA vilakSaNa sarvathA navIna evaM atizaya prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa kA kAraNa kavi pratibhA hI hai aura isa rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa pUrvavarNita kisI bhI artha kA sambhava hai| navIna tathA maulika viSaya kA to sambhava hI hai| maulika vastu yA viSaya ve haiM jo apane pUrva kI vastuoM se vilakSaNa hoM, yaha vilakSaNatA jisa kisI bhI kAvya meM ho use maulika kahA jA sakatA hai| AcArya Anandavardhana ke anusAra vyaJjakatA tathA guNIbhUtavyaJjakatA kAvya maulikatA ke sabase bar3e pramANa haiN| artha meM vyaJjakatA ke sparza se navInatA tathA maulikatA A hI AtI hai| prAcIna kaviyoM dvArA spaSTa pUrvavarNita artha bhI dhvani ke kisI bheda ke sparza se ramaNIya tathA navIna pratIta hotA hai tathA rasa dhvani ke sparza se use sarvAdhika ramaNIyatA tathA navInatA prApta hotI hai| AcArya Anandavardhana kI dRSTi meM isI eka kAraNa se arthoM meM navInatA tathA maulikatA AtI hai| yahI eka kAraNa hai ki saGgrAma varNana rUpa artha hI rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata Adi meM punaH-punaH dikhAI dete haiM kintu rasa sparza ke kAraNa unakI pratIti navIna rUpa meM hI hotI hai| kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM sadA artha maulikatA hone para bhI kabhI-kabhI do kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM eka se artha hI dekhe jAte haiN| isa viSaya kA kAraNa AcArya Anandavardhana kI dRSTi meM mahAkaviyoM kA buddhi sAmya hai| kaviyoM kA buddhi sAmya hI yadyapi arthasAmya kA kAraNa hotA hai, kintu phira bhI kucha sAmya aise hote haiM ki unako pUrva mAnakara hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bimba tathA citravat sAmya aise hI haiN| isa prakAra ke samAna arthoM meM kevala dehatulya sAmya hI upAdeya haiM / sambhavataH nyUna pratibhAguNa se yukta kaviyoM ke dhvani ke sparza se rahita kAvyoM meM hI bimbavat tathA citravat sAmya A jAtA hai , kintu 1. dhvaneryayo guNIbhUtavyaGgayasyAdhvA pradarzitaH anenAnantyamAyAti kavInAM pratibhAguNaH / 1 / ato hyanyatamenApi prakAreNa vibhUSitA vANI navatvamAyAti pUrvArthAnvayavatyapi / 2 / (dhvanyAloka - caturtha udyota)

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[234] jo kavi dhvani se yukta kAvya racanA karate haiM, unameM bhAvasAmya hone para bhI navInatA tathA maulikatA avazya hogii| inake kAvya meM kisI se bimba tathA citravat sAmya A hI nahIM sakatA, kyoMki dhvani kA sparza hI arthoM ko navIna banA detA hai-usI rUpa meM nahIM rahane detaa| yadi dhvani ke sthala meM kavi kA kisI anya kavi se bhAvasAmya hogA to kevala dehavat hI, anyathA usake dvArA varNita artha apUrva tathA maulika hI hogaa| kaviyoM kI buddhi sAdRzya ke kAraNa unameM bhAva sAmya A jAnA to sAmAnya sI bAta hai, kintu usa bhAva sAmya kA nikRSTa rUpa taba upasthita ho jAtA hai jaba kavi ke kAvya meM vyaGgatyArya kA saMsparza na ho| bhAva sAmya kA yaha nikRSTa rUpa kisI pUrva artha ke pratibimba rUpa meM athavA citra rUpa meM prastuta hotA hai| ataH bhAvasAmya Ane para bhI usake nikRSTa rUpoM kA-bimba tathA citra kA-nivAraNa kevala artha meM vyaGgayArtha kI yojanA se hI sambhava hai| adhikatara artha vAlmIki, vyAsa Adi pUrva mahAkaviyoM dvArA varNita ho hI cuke haiM, phira unake navInatva kA kAraNa kevala unakA dhvani aura guNIbhUta vyaGgaya ke bheda rUpa kisI artha ke rUpa meM varNita honA hI ho sakatA hai| sabhI artha kisI na kisI kavi dvArA varNita ho hI cuke haiM-isa kAraNa kAvyArtha kA kSetra sImita hai kintu ina parimita arthoM kA bhI kSetra rasAdi ke pariveza meM vistRta ho sakatA hai-aisI Anandavardhana kI dhAraNA hai| jisa prakAra madhumAsa meM purAne vRkSa bhI navIna zobhA dhAraNa karate haiM, usI prakAra rasaparipoSa sabhI kAvyArthoM ko navIna banA detA hai| sabhI artha pUrvaspRSTa hI hote haiM unakI navInatA tathA maulikatA vyaGgaya ke sparza se sambhava hai kintu pUrva spRSTa artha kabhI-kabhI vAcyArtha rUpa meM bhI jaba ki unameM deza, kAla, avasthA, athavA svarUpa Adi kA bheda ho ananta tathA navIna ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra mUla arthoM kA aikya hone para bhI artha bAhya bhedoM se vibhinna ho sakate haiN| kAvya tathA kAvyArtha kI navInatA tathA maulikatA kA pramANa hai sahRdayoM ko navIna sUjha tathA navIna sphuraNa se yukta rUpa meM usakI pratIti honaa| jisa vastu ke viSaya meM sahRdayoM ko yaha anubhUti ho 1. dRSTapUrvA api hyarthAH kAvye rasaparigrahAt sarve navA ivAbhAnti madhumAsa iva drumAH // 4 // (dhvanyAloka - caturtha udyota)

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[235] jAe ki yaha kavi kI navIna sRjha evaM navIna kalpanA hai vaha vastu yA artha pUrva kavi dvArA varNita ho cukA ho athavA nahIM, navIna tathA ramaNIya hI hai| isa prakAra sahRdaya hI kAvya kI maulikatA tathA ramaNIyatA ke pramANa haiN| navInatA tathA maulikatA kA sarvatra sthAna hai-Anandavardhana ke isa vicAra para pUrvapakSa ko zaGkA hai-kavi jina sukhAdi tathA sukhAdi ke sAdhana srak, candana, vanitAdi kA nAyakAdi meM Aropa karake varNana karatA hai ve samasta anubhavakartAoM ke lie eka rUpa haiM aura isa prakAra sabhI varNanIya padArtha apane samAna rUpa meM hI varNita hote haiM aura ve parimitatA ke kAraNa aba navIna nahIM raha gae haiM-varan pUrva kaviyoM ko sabhI artha jJAta ho cuke haiN| aisI sthiti meM navInatA tathA maulikatA kI bAta karanA vyartha hai| jo artha ko navIna tathA maulika kahate haiM ve kevala abhimAna karate haiN| artha meM maulikatA tathA navInatA nahIM hotI, kevala uktivaicitrya hI hotA hai| isa viSaya meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki artha kA prAcIna tathA pUrvavarNita honA to Anandavardhana svayaM hI svIkAra kara cuke haiM-phira bhI dhvani kA sparza ina prAcIna arthoM ko hI navIna banA detA hai| artha navIna tathA maulika na ho to bhI ve kavi ke mahattvapUrNa varNana dvArA navIna tathA maulika ho jAte haiM-AcArya Anandavardhana ko yaha bhI svIkAra nahIM hai ki kevala vastu ke sAmAnya rUpa kA hI varNana hotA hai| unakI dhAraNA hai ki sAmAnya rUpa kA bhI jo varNana hotA hai bhale hI vaha sabhI anubhava kartAoM ke lie samAna ho kintu usameM kavi ke anubhava kA apanA vizeSa rUpa bhI sammilita rahatA hai, isa prakAra jo bhI varNana kiyA jAtA hai kavi ke apane anubhava ke vaiziSTya sahita hii| pratyeka kavi kI pratibhA ke vaicitrya se usake dvArA varNita artha meM bhI vaicitrya tathA navInatA A hI jAtI hai isa prakAra artha kabhI bhI parimita nahIM ho skte| yadi kaviyoM meM pratibhAguNa hai to arthoM meM anantatA avazya hogI, ve kabhI bhI sasIma nahIM ho skte| isake sAtha hI vacana kA vaicitryayukta honA uktivaicitrya hai aura zabda, artha kA, vAcya tathA vacana kA avinAbhAva sambandha hone se vacana kA vaicitrya vAcya ke vaicitrya ko 1 dhvaneritthaM guNIbhUtavyaGgyasya ca samAzrayAt na kAvyArthavirAmo'sti yadi syAtpratibhAguNaH // 6 // dhvanyAloka - (caturtha udyota)

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[236] bhI siddha karatA hai| yadi vacana tathA ukti vicitra haiM to unake dvArA pratipAdita vAcya kA bhI vaicitryayukta honA siddha hotA hai tathA vAcya meM vaicitrya honA usakI navInatA tathA maulikatA ko siddha karatA hai| kavi ke kAvya kI maulikatA kA pradhAna karaNa kavi kI pratibhA hI hai| pratyeka kavi jo vastuta: kavitvazakti se yukta hai, maulika artha kA hI varNana karatA hai| pratibhA sampanna kavi ke lie artho kI koI sImA nahIM hotii| sabhI viSayoM para pahale kAvyaracanA ho cukI ho phira bhI usako navIna viSaya mila hI jAte haiN| AcArya Anandavardhana ke anusAra pratibhA se pratisphurita dhvani rUpa alaukika apUrva artha kA mahAkaviyoM se hI sambandha hai| yadi kAvyoM kI anantatA sabhI arthoM ke samApta ho jAne kA saGketa kare to bhI ve sabhI artha pratibhA dvArA udbhAvita dhvani ke rUpa meM parivartita hokara asaMkhya tathA navIna ho jAte haiN| mUla vastu kI ekatA hone para bhI pUrvavarNita artha paravartI racanA meM dhvanirUpa kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa pUrva nahIM, kintu navIna hI artha ke rUpa meM pratIta hote haiN| ___ pratibhA ke dvArA pUrva artho kA bhI navIna rUpa meM unmeSa sambhava hai, kintu pratibhA ke na hone para navIna arthoM kI udbhAvanA nahIM ho sktii| jaba bAlmIki, vyAsa jaise pUrva kavi ho cuke haiM to kisI bhI artha kA kAvyArtha banane se zeSa raha jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM jina kaviyoM meM pratibhA hai ve to pUrvavastu ko bhI dhvani bhedoM ke sparza se camatkArayukta apUrva vastu ke rUpa meM prastuta kara sakate haiN| kintu jo pratibhAguNa se hIna hone para bhI kavi banane kA prayatna karate haiM ve pUrva arthoM kA usI rUpa meM varNana karate hue kAvyaracanA karate haiN| bAlmIki Adi pUrva kaviyoM dvArA sabhI arthoM ke varNita kie jAne para bhI pratibhAguNa kevala unhIM Adi pUrva kaviyoM taka hI sImita nahIM ho gayA hai| anya kavi bhI pratibhA sampanna hote haiM aura apane isI guNa se prAcIna artho ko navIna banA lete haiN| AcArya kuntaka kA sukumAra mArga navazabdArtha se manohArI hai-1 kintu isake atirikta unakA vicitra mArga bhI hai jisake anusAra mahAkavi kI pratibhA ke prabhAva se anUtanollekha kA bhI manohArI 1. amlAnapratibhodbhinnanavazabdArthabandhuraH aynvihitsvlpmnohaarivibhuussnnH| 25 / prathama unmeSa vakroktijIvita (kuntaka)

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[237] rUpa upasthita hotA hai| pUrva artha kA bhI maulika rUpa meM apUrva zailI se varNana kara sakanA AcArya kuntaka svIkAra karate haiN|| jo padArtha pahale pratIta ho cuke haiM unake pratinidhi rUpa dUsare padArtha kI prApti na ho sakanA bhI sambhava ho sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM kavi atyadhika sukumAra anirvacanIya apUrva zailI se sambhavata: usI padArtha kA varNana karake kAvyaracanA karate haiN| karatahI pratyeka kavi ke kAvya meM usakI apanI viziSTa pratibhA se utpanna vaicitrya hotA hai| ataH artha ke eka yA eka samAna hone para bhI uktivaicitrya sabhI arthoM ko navIna banA detA hai| kisI bhI artha ke varNana meM kavi kI apanI pratibhA kA prabhAva avazya hotA hai tathA pratibhA kI vizeSatA hai navanavonmeSa-isalie navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA ke prabhAva se race gae kAvya meM vaicitrya tathA navInatA avazya hote haiN| pUrvajanma ke saMskAra se prApta pratibhA ke kAraNa kavi ke mAnasa meM artha kI udbhAvanA svayaM hI hotI hai, vizeSa prayatna pUrvaka usakA ullAsa nahIM hotaa| AcArya abhinavagupta kI dhAraNA hai ki pratibhA ke prabhAva se vicitra tathA apUrva artha kA nirmANa kara sakane vAlA kavi hI prajApati ke samAna saSTi karane ke mahatva ko prApta karatA hai| mahAkavi kabhI bhI dUsaroM se zabda, artha lene kA prayAsa nahIM karate, unake mAnasa meM navIna tathA abhivAJchita artha sarasvatI dvArA svayaM ubuddha hote rahate haiN| vAkpatirAja Adi AcAryoM ke anusAra sarasvatI kA bhaNDAra kabhI khAlI nahIM hotaa| navIna viSayoM kA parispharaNa kaviyoM ke mAnasa meM sadA hI hotA rahatA hai, kavi mAnasa kA yahI vaiziSTaya hai| yadi mAnasa meM navIna viSayoM kA parisphuraNa hotA hai to kavi unheM apane maulika DhaMga se kAvya meM Abaddha karane meM bhI samartha hotA hai| jahA~ taka artha maulikatA kA prazna hai kavi kA jJAnamaya cakSu kauna se artha maulika hai aura kauna se prAcIna isakA nirNaya karane meM svayaM hI samartha hote haiN| dUsaroM ke dvArA nibaddha kie arthoM meM mahAkavi andhe ke samAna hote haiM tathA navIna viSayoM kI prApti unheM divya dRSTi se ho jAtI hai| kaviyoM ke mAnasa meM sArA vizva hI 1 yadapyanUtanollekhaM vastu yatra tadapyalam uktivaicitryamAtreNa kASThAM kApi nIyate / 38 / prathama unmeSa vakroktijIvita - (kuntaka)

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[238] prativimbita hotA rahatA hai| ve kisI bhI viSaya ko lekara apanI pratibhA se usameM camatkAra kA sanniveza karake kAvya racanA kara sakate haiN| navIna zabda, artha mahAkaviyoM ke kAvya meM sthAna pAne ke lie svayaM hI pratispardhA karane lagate haiN|| jaba prArambhika abhyAsI kavi mahAkavitva ke zreSTha stara tA hai, taba usake lie navIna tathA pUrvaniyojita artho kA vibhAga svayaM hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai aura divyadRSTi se use navIna maulika artha svayaM hI milate rahate haiN| navIna maulika artha kI zreSTha artha ke rUpa meM svIkRti sarvatra hai| harSacarita ke racayitA bANabhaTTa kI dRSTi meM kahIM se artha curAne vAlA kavi heya hai| unakA vicAra hai ki maulika, alaukika tathA navIna artha kI udbhAvanA karane vAle kama pAe jAte haiM kintu phira bhI zreSThatA unhIM kI hai| sahRdaya apane pratibhAguNa ke prabhAva se kAvyArtha ko maulikatA tathA amaulikatA kI kasauTI para kasa lete haiM / ve artha kI gaharAI tathA usake pUrvavarNita athavA maulika hone ke vaiziSTya ko dekha hI lete haiN| ___agnipurANa meM to ayonija artha se yukta honA kAvya kA vaiziSTya batalAyA gayA hai / 2 abhyAsa kI dRSTi se upajIvana kA mahatva svIkAra karate hue bhI kAvyazikSA viSayaka grantha ke racayitA paravartI AcArya vinayacandra kavi ke vaiziSTya kA sambandha usake navIna artha kA abhilASI hone se hI jor3ate haiN| upajIvana ko svIkAra karate hue bhI AcArya bhojarAja rasa ke paripoSa meM navIna tathA maulika artha ko hI kAraNa mAnate haiN| isI prakAra kavizikSA ke sambandha meM abhyAsa hetu upajIvana kI zikSA suptasyApi mahAkaveH zabdArthoM sarasvatI darzayati taditarasya tatra jAgrato'pyandhaM ckssuH| anyadRSTacare hyarthe mahAkavayo jAtyandhAstadviparIte tu divydRshH| na tat tryakSaH sahastrAkSo vA yaccarmacakSuSo'pi kavayaH pshynti| matidarpaNe kavInAM vizvaM prtiphlti| kathaM nu vayaM dRzyAmaha iti mahAtmanAmahaMpUrvikayaiva zabdArthAH puro dhaavnti| yatsiddhapraNidhAnA yoginaH pazyanti, tatra vAcA vicaranti kavaya ityanantA mahAkaviSu suuktyH| 'samastamasti' iti yaayaavriiyH| _kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya) 2 kAvyaM sphuradalaGkAra guNavadopavarjitam yonirvedazca lokazca siddhamarthAdayonijam / / (prathama adhyAya) agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga

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[239] dekara bhI kavizikSA ke hI saMdarbha meM navIna vastu ke utpAdana kA prayatna AcArya kSemendra ne Avazyaka batalAyA hai| unakA vicAra hai ki jo dUsaroM se kucha grahaNa kie binA apane hI unmeSa se kavi bana sake use anya kisI ke upajIvana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vaha to svayaM hI sabakA upajIvya bana jAtA hai| AcArya vizvezvara kI sAhityamImAMsA grantha meM kavi apane darzana guNa ke kAraNa RSiyoM ke samAna hI draSTA kahA gayA hai kyoMki vaha navIna artha tathA bandha kA darzana karake unakA manas meM udbhAvana karake kAvyaracanA karatA hai| paMDitarAja jagannAtha bhI kAvya meM arthamaulikatA tathA arthopajIvana donoM ko hI svIkAra karate haiM-isa viSaya se sambaddha unakA samAdhiguNa apanI hI vizeSatA rakhatA hai| isa samAdhiguNa kA unhoMne kAvya meM varNita artha se sambandha mAnA hai| samAdhiguNa ke do pakSoM meM se eka kA sambandha-'yaha artha jisakA maiM varNana karane jA rahA hU~, pahale kisI ke dvArA varNita nahIM huA hai' kavi ke isa vicAra rUpa artha maulikatA se jor3A jA sakatA hai tathA dvitIya pakSa kA sambandha upajIvana se| zabdoM, arthoM, uktiyoM meM navIna-navIna dekhanA tathA kucha maulika ullekha karane meM samartha honA mahAkavitva yA zreSTha kavitva kA vaiziSTya hai| isa prakAra AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM bhI mahAkavitva yA zreSTha kavitva kI kasauTI kavi kI racanA meM usakI pratibhA ke prakarSa se pratIta hone vAlI navInatA tathA maulikatA hai| bhale hI vaha kisI maulika bhAva athavA viSaya para racI gaI racanA ho athavA dUsare se zabda artha lekara usameM svaprayatna se navInatA tathA maulikatA kA samAveza karate hue racita kvitaa| pUrvavarNita artha kevala abhyAsI kavi ke kAvya meM hI nahIM, kinta mahAkaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM bhI prAyaH pAe jAte haiM, kintu unakI mahAnatA isI meM hai ki ve prAcIna zabdoM, artho meM bhI navInatA lAte haiM aura unheM maulika banAkara apanI hI racanA ke rUpa meM pradarzita karane meM samartha hote haiN| racanA kA bhAva athavA artha kahIM aura se liyA gayA ho phira bhI racanA navIna tathA maulika ho yaha kavi kI sAmarthya kA hI 1. 'avaNitapUrvo'yamarthaH pUrvavarNitacchAyoM veti kaverAlocanaM smaadhiH|' (prathamAnana) rasagar3Adhara (paNDitarAja jagannAtha)

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[240] pratIka hai| isI kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara kA kathana hai ki bahuta se arthaharaNa ke upAya aise haiM jinheM mahAkavi bhI apanAte haiN| navInatA tathA maulikatA jo ki zreSTha kAvya kA jIvana hai haraNa kie gae sthaloM meM bhI honI cAhie aisA hI AcArya rAjazekhara kA vicAra hai| isake atirikta uccakoTi ke kaviyoM kA dUsaroM ke arthagrahaNa se grahaNa se koI sambandha nahIM hai| ve pratibhA prasUta arthoM kI hI racanA karate haiM aura unakI racanA maulikatApUrNa hI hotI hai yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM vidvAn tathA utkRSTa koTi ke kaviyoM kA sambandha kevala do hI prakAra ke arthaharaNoM se hai-tulyadehitulya tathA parapurapravezasadRza / unameM se prathama meM arthabhinna hone para bhI sAdRzya ke kAraNa abhinna pratIta hote haiM-aisI sadRza racanA karane vAloM ko dUsare kA arthagrahaNa karane vAlA kahanA aucityapUrNa nahIM hai kyoMki ve kevala sadRza racanA karate haiM vahI artha lekara racanA nahIM karate / parapurapravezasadRza meM mUla vastu kA aikya hone para bhI kAvya racanA meM bheda hotA hai-yahA~ bhI sAdRzya hI kriyAzIla hai, tadvastu nhiiN| isalie utkRSTa koTi ke kaviyoM kA maulikatA se nitya sambandha AcArya rAjazekhara kI dRSTi se bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai|| kavi cora avazya hotA hai AcArya ke isa kathana kA sambandha pratyeka kavi ke apane kAvyanirmANa meM kisI pUrva kavi se prabhAvita hone se hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka kavi dUsaroM kA artha bhI avazya grahaNa karatA hI hai yaha kahanA samIcIna nahIM hai| yaha bAta aura hai ki sahadayoM ko kisI kavi ke kAvya meM sadRzatA ke kAraNa kisI pUrva kavi kI racanA se abhinnatA sI pratIta hone lge| utkRSTa kaviyoM kA arthaharaNa se sambandha nahIM hai| AdhAra kI samAnatA unake dvArA varNita arthoM meM ho sakatI hai-kintu vahI artha varNita nahIM hotaa| yadi hotA bhI hai to navIna tathA maulika rUpa meM, navIna DhaMga se| 1 zabdArthazAsanavidaH katino kavante yadvAGmayaM zrutidhanasya cakAsti ckssuH| kintvasti yadvacasi vastu navaM sakti mandarbhiNAM sa dhuri tasya giraH pvitraaH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (ekAdaza adhyAya)

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[241] maulikatA ko hI kaviguNoM meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne vizeSa sthAna diyA hai-yaha bAta unake vibhinna kavibhedoM se spaSTa haiN| arthaharaNa kartA cAra prakAra ke kaviyoM ke atirikta kaviyoM kA unakA pA~cavAM prakAra mahAkaviyoM kA hai|| arthaharaNakartA kavi apane kAvyanirmANa hetu kahIM na kahIM para nirbhara rahate haiM aura pA~caveM prakAra ke kaviyoM ke mAnasa meM sarasvatI svayaM unmiSita hotI hai tathA unake mAnasa meM alaukika, navIna, sarvathA maulika zabdoM, arthoM kI udbhAvanA karAtI hai| unheM apane kAvyanirmANa ke lie kisI aura para Azrita rahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI kyoMki unake lie zabda tathA artha kA dAridratha kabhI nahIM hotaa| ina mahAkaviyoM ke kAvyArtha ayoni hote haiM arthAt ve apane artho ko kahIM aura se na lekara unakA svayaM hI AvirbhAva karate haiN| ve artha jinheM ve udbhAvita karate haiM laukika (loka se sambandha rakhane vAle), alaukika (divya tathA loka se bhinna vastuoM se sambandha rakhane vAle) tathA laukika aura alaukika donoM prakAra kI vastuoM se sambandha rakhane vAle isa prakAra tIna prakAra ke hote haiM / ina ayoni arthoM kA kAvya meM sanniveza karane vAle kaviyoM kA maulikatA se vizeSa sambandha hai| yaha maulika arthoM kA udbhAvaka kavi rAjazekhara ke anusAra cintAmaNi kavi hai| aisA hI kavi asAdhAraNa kavi kI koTi meM AtA hai| rasa, alaGkAroM ke sAtha vaha aise apUrva artha kI yojanA karatA hai jisakA pUrva kavi apane kAvya meM niyojana nahIM kara sake the| aisA hI kAvya sahRdayoM ko rasAsvAda karAtA hai| isa prakAra abhyAsI kavi tathA anyoM ke sadRza arthagrahaNa kartA uccakoTi ke kaviyoM ke atirikta kucha aura bhI kavi hote haiM jo kevala maulika arthoM kI udbhAvanA karake kAvya racanA karate 1. bhrAmakazcumbakaH kiJca karSako drAvakazca sH| sa kavilaukiko'nyastu cintAmaNiralaukikaH // kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya) 2 cintAsamaM yasya rasaikasUtirudeti citraakRtirrthsaarthH| adRSTapUrvo nipuNaiH purANaiH kaviH sa cintaamnnirdvitiiyH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (dvAdaza adhyAya)

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[242] haiM / vastuta: utkRSTa kavi tathA kavitva ke carama stara ko prApta karane vAle ve hI kavi haiN| isa prakAra zreSTha kavitva kI kasauTI kAvya meM nibaddha artha kI navInatA tathA maulikatA hai| vastutaH zreSTha kaviyoM kA sambandha navIna vastu , viSaya se hai| zabdArtha ke sambandha ko jAnakara kavitA to aneka kavi karate haiM kintu jaba taka unake kAvya meM alaukikatA tathA navInatA na ho ve zreSTha kavi nahIM ho sakate aura jina kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM navInatA tathA maulikatA ho una hI kaviyoM ke vacana sammAnita tathA pUjita hote haiN|

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SaSTha adhyAya (ka) kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita kavi tathA bhAvaka kAvyamAmAMsA meM kavi : kavitva se sambaddha viSaya vivecanA kI dRSTi se AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' pUrNata: maulika grantha hai| kavi ke vyaktitva tathA kAvyazailI ke vikAsa ke lie ucita mArgadarzaka tathA kAvyakauzala kI abhivRddhi hetu samyak nirdezaka kavi zikSAsampradAya se sambaddha yaha grantha zreSTha kavi banane taka kI prakriyA kI vizada, vyApaka vivecanA prastuta karatA hai| kaviyoM ke AcAra tathA dainika vyavahArAdi AcArya rAjazekhara ke sUkSma nirIkSaNa tathA pANDitya ke paricAyaka ke rUpa meM isa grantha meM dRSTigata hote haiN| 'kAvyamImAMsA' kaviyoM ke lie hI racita bhI hai|| kAvyamImAMsA meM kavi zabda kI siddhi kavR varNe' dhAtu se huI hai / 2 isa dRSTi se varNanAzakti kI pramukhatA svIkAra karate hue sabhI varNayitA kavi haiN| 'kavirmanISI paribhUH svayaMbhU:' rUpa meM vedArthavarNayitA sarvajJa paramAtmA kavi haiN| varNayitA ke rupa meM zukrAcArya uzanA kI bhI 'kavi' saMjJA hai| laukika bhASA meM rAmacaritra ke varNayitA bAlmIki Adi kavi haiM tathA mahAbhArata ke racayitA vedavyAsa bhI varNayitA hone ke kAraNa hI kavi haiN| halAyudhakoSa meM sarvajJAtA sarvavarNayitA kavi hai| amarakoSa meM kavipada kA artha paNDita hai 3 1 yAyAvarIya: saMkSipya munInAM matavistaram vyAkarotkAvyamImAMsA kavibhyo raajshekhrH|| (kAvya mImAMsA - prathama adhyAya) 2. kavizabdazca 'kavR varNe' ityasya dhAto: kAvyakarmaNo ruupm| (kAvyamImAMsA - tRtIya adhyAya) 3 kavate sarva jAnAti,sarva varNayati, sarva sarvato gacchati vaa| kav in yadvA kuzabde 'aca i: iti i| (halAyudhakoSa) saMkhyAvAn paNDita: kavi : (amarakoSa)

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[244] AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM uzanA tathA bAlmIki kI kavisaMjJA nirdhAraNa kI kAlpanika kathA prastuta kI hai| 1 sarasvatI dvArA chor3A gayA sarasvatIputra jaba uzanA dvArA apane Azrama meM le jAyA gayA taba usane Azrama ke vAtAvaraNa se Azvasta hokara muni ke hRdaya meM chandobaddha vANI kI preraNA kii| muni uzanA akasmAt bola uThe 'yA dugdhA'pi na dugdheva kavidogdhRbhiranvaham / hRdi na sannidhatAM sA sUktidhenuH sarasvatI / tabhI se saMsAra meM uzanA RSi kavi nAma se prasiddha ho gae aura unhIM ke kAraNa sabhI chandobaddha racanA karane vAle kavi kahalAne lge| kAvyamaya hone ke kAraNa sarasvatI ke usa putra ko bhI lAkSaNika rUpa se kAvyapuruSa kahA jAne lagA snAna se lauTI sarasvatI ko mahAmuni bAlmIki ne mahAmuni uzanA ke Azrama kA mArga btaayaa| prasanna sarasvatI ne unheM bhI chandobaddha racanA ke lie varadAna diyaa| ve krauJcamithuna ke zoka se vihvala hokara zlokamaya vANI meM bole 'mA niSAda pratiSThAM tvamagamaH zAzvatI samAH yatkrauJcamithunAdekamavadhIH kaammohitm|' sarasvatI ne bAlmIki ke mukha se niHsRta zloka ko prathamataH par3hane vAle ko sArasvata kavi banane kA varadAna diyaa|3 yaha sabhI svIkAra karate haiM ki kAvyajagat ke vikAsakrama meM samayAntara se kavi kI paribhASA 'varNayitA' meM parivartana huaa| kevala varNana nahIM, balki camatkRtipUrNa varNana kavi kI zreSThatA kI kasauTI bnaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ne apanI maulika udbhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI pratibhAoM 1 2 3 (kAvyamImAMsA tRtIya adhyAya) - - .......... tataH prabhRti tamuzanasaM santaH kavirityAcakSate / tadupacArAcca kavayaH kavaya iti lokayAtrA . kAvyaikarUpatvAcca sArasvateye'pi kAvyapuruSa iti bhaktyA pryunyjte| (kAvyamImAMsA tRtIya adhyAya) tato divyadRSTidevI tasmA api zlokAya varamadAt yadutAnyadanadhIyAno yaH prathamamenamadhyeSyate sa sArasvataH kaviH sampatsyata iti / (kAvyamImAMsA - tRtIya adhyAya)

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[245] kArayitrI tathA bhAvayitrI ko prastuta kiyA hai| kavi kI kArayitrI pratibhA kavi ke hRdaya meM zabdoM, arthoM, alaGkAroM, uktiyoM Adi kA pratibhAsa karAtI hai| 1 kavi kI kAvyamayI vANI kA prasAra hI usakA sArasvata loka (sarasvatI ke loka) meM sthAna banAtA hai tathA Ananda bhI pradAna karatA hai isa prayojana kI siddhi ke lie hI kavi kI antarcakSu vastuoM ke viziSTa rUpoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai, isa kArya meM kavi kI pratibhA tathA trikAladarzinI buddhi smRti, mati tathA prajJA nAmoM se kavi kA mahAn upakAra karatI haiN| tabhI kavi prakRti tathA mAnava jIvana kI vastuoM ko vyavasthita, sundaratama, mahRdayahRdayAhlAdakArI rupa meM prastuta karatA hai| / AcArya Anandavardhana ne dhvani ko kAvya kI AtmA svIkAra karate hue rasa ko kAvya meM parama sthAna pradAna kiyA hai| vyaGgyArtha kI chAyA ko mahAkaviyoM kA bhUSaNa svIkAra karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki zreSTha kaviyoM ke mukhya vyApAraviSaya rasAdi haiM, ataH unakA rasa nibandhana meM pramAda rahita honA anivArya hai| rasAdi viSaya se vAcya tathA vAcaka kA aucityapUrNa niyojana mahAkavi kA mukhya karma hai| AcArya rAjazekhara isa dRSTi se AcArya Anandavardhana ke samarthaka haiM, kyoMki vaha svIkAra karate haiM ki sarasa varNana tathA sahRdayahRdayahArI kAvyaracanA zreSTha kavi ke vaiziSTya haiN| kavi kA mukhya karma hai 1. yA zabdagrAmamarthasArthamalaGkAratantramuktimArgamanyadapi tathAvidhamadhihRdayam pratibhAsayati sA pratibhA 2 (kAvyamImAMsA - caturtha adhyAya) "kAvyamayyo giro yAvaccaranti vizadA bhuvi tAvatsArasvataM sthAnaM kavirAsAdya modate // " (kAvyamImAMsA SaSTha adhyAya) 3 tridhA ca sA smRtirmatiH prajJeti atikrAntasyArthasya smartrI smRtiH / vartamAnasya mantrI matiH anAgatasya prajJAtrI prajJeti / sA triprakArA'pi kviimaamupkr| (kAvyamImAMsA - caturtha adhyAya) mukhyA vyApAraviSayAH sukavInAm rasAdayaH teSAM nibandhane bhAvyaM taiH sdaivaaprmaadibhiH| nIrasastu pravandhI ya so'pazabdo mahAn kaveH vAcyAnAM vAcakAnAM ca yadaucityena yojanam rasAdiviSayeNaitat karma mukhyaM mahAkaveH / 32 | mukhyA mahAkavigirAmalaGkRtibhRtAmapi pratIyamAnacchAyaiSA bhUSA lajjeva yoSitAm / 38 / (dhvanyAloka - tRtIya udyota )

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[246] vAstavika vastuoM kA alaukikatA se maMDita svarUpa prastuta krnaa| kavisaMjJA usa viziSTa varNayitA kI hI ho sakatI hai jisake camatkAramaya varNana se sahRdayoM ke mAnasa meM paramAnanda hilAreM lene lagatA hai| kavi meM sAdhAraNa zabdoM ko bhI yojanA kauzala se asAdhAraNa banAkara prastuta karane kI kSamatA hotI hai, kyoMki kavi kA laukika anubhava usake pratibhA ke prabhAva se alaukika svarUpa meM upasthita hokara kAvya ke saundarya kA mUla kAraNa banatA hai| kAvya meM saundarya sarasatA ke kAraNa hotA hai aura isI kAraNa kAvya sahRdayahRdayahArI bhI hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke zreSTha, advitIya cintAmaNi kavi kA vaiziSTya usake kAvya kI sarasatA hI hai| 'cintAmaNi' kavi ke zloka kA artha samajha meM Ate hI sahadayoM ko rasa se ota prota kara detA hai| usakI kavitA meM vibhinna kalpanAoM kA vaha alaukika sphuraNa hotA hai, jo purAne kaviyoM kI dRSTi se bhI bAhara hai|| AcArya mammaTa kA kavikarma bhI 'lokottaravarNanAnipuNa' hI hai| mahimabhaTTa kavi ke vyApAra ko sAmAnya vyApAra nahIM maante| vaha vibhAvAdighaTanAsvabhAva vAlA hone ke kAraNa rasApekSI hotA hai / 2 AcArya vizvezvara ke anusAra bhI vibhAvAdisamarpaka, rasAvinAbhUta kavi kA viziSTa gumpha rasa kA pratipAdaka hai ataH kavikarma tathA vacana asAdhAraNa haiN| usake vacanoM meM navIna vastu aura navIna ukti kI alaukika chaTA hotI hai| mahAkaviyoM para sarasvatI kI amUlya kRpA aura kavitvazakti kI mahattA siddha karatI huI aneka sUktiyA~ AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM upalabdha haiN| kavitvazakti se yukta kavi kI suSupti avasthA meM bhI kAvyAnukUla zabda, artha kA jJAna sarasvatI karA detI hai| kaviyoM kA sArasvata cakSu (jJAnamaya cakSu) vANI aura mana se agocara samAdhi ke dvArA svayaM spRSTa, aspRSTa viSayoM kA nizcaya kara letA hai| dUsaroM dvArA dRSTa yA ucchiSTa viSaya ke sambandha meM 1 cintAsamaM yasya rasaikasUtirudeti citrAkRtirarthasArthaH / adRSTapUrvo nipuNaiH purANaiH kaviH sa cintaamnnirdvitiiyH|| (kAvyamImAMsA - dvAdaza adhyAya) 2 kavivyApArazca na sAmAnyena kintu vibhaavaadighttnaasvbhaavH| ataeva niyamena rsaapekssii| (prathama vimarza) vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTTa) 3 tattadrasAvinAbhUtavibhAvAdisamarpakaH viziSTo hi kavergumpho rasasya prtipaadkH|| (SaSTha prakaraNa) (sAhityamAmAMsA-vizvezvara)

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[247] mahAkavi andhe hote haiN| unakI divyadRSTi sarvathA navIna, dUsaroM se adRSTa viSayoM ko hI dekhatI hai| mahAkaviyoM ke buddhidarpaNa meM samRcA vizva pratibimbita hotA hai| una mahAn AtmAoM ke sAmane zabda aura artha pahale pahu~cane kI hor3a lagAkara daur3ate rahate haiN| mahAkavi komalatama bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti karate haiN| kintu yadi ve tarkakarkaza arthoM kA varNana bhI apanI sUktiyoM se karate haiM, to ve kaThora artha bhI isa prakAra komala aura ramaNIya ho jAte haiM, jisa prakAra sUrya kI santApadAyinI kiraNeM candramA ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara zItala, komala aura santApahAriNI ho jAtI haiM 2 ata: 'kAvyamImAMsA' se spaSTa hai ki mahAkaviyoM ke pratibhAprasUta vacanoM kI AtmA rasa hai| mahAkaviyoM kI vANI se nikale vacanoM kI sahRdayahRdayahAritA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura sahRdayahRdayaharaNakSamatA sarasa vacanoM meM hI hotI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavizikSaka ke rUpa meM kAvyamImAMsA meM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki kavi ke vacana prathamataH hI sarasa nahIM hote| mahAkavi ke vacanoM kI sarasatA ke parokSa meM usakI mahatI tapasyA bhI hotI hai| manuSya yadi janma se hI kavitvazakti sampanna hotA hai to bhI saMsAra ke samakSa kavi rUpa meM usakI upasthiti vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa se prApta kauzala ke binA nahIM hotii| isa tathya ko svIkAra karate hue AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa kI bhI viziSTa mahattA pratipAdita kI hai| kavitvazakti ke abhivardhana tathA vikAsa ke lie kavi ko nirantara prayatna karanA 1 sArasvataM cakSuravAGmanasagocareNa praNidhAnena dRSTamadRSTaMcArthajAtaM svayaM vibhajati tadAhu: suptasyApi mahAkave : zabdArthoM sarasvatI darzayati taditarasya tatra jAgrato'pyandhaM ckssuH| anyadRSThacare hyarthe mahAkavayoM jAtyandhAstadviparIte tu divydRshH| (kAvyamImAMsA - dvAdaza adhyAya) 2 zabdArthazAsanavidaH katino kavantaM yadvAGmaya zrutidhanasya cakAsti ckssuH| kintvasti yadvacasi vastu navaM sadukti sandarbhiNAM sa dhuri tasya giraH pvitraaH|| (kAvyamImAMsA - trayodaza adhyAya) matidarpaNe kavInAM vizvaM prtiphlti| kathaM nu vayaM dRzyAmaha iti mahAtmAnAmahaMpUrvikayaivazabdArthAH puro dhaavnti| (kAvyamImAMsA - dvAdaza adhyAya) yAMstarkakarkazAnarthAnsUktiSvAdriyate kaviH sUryAMzava ivendau tekAJcidarcanti kaanttaam|| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTama adhyAya)

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[248] par3atA hai / kavi kI kavitvazakti, kArayitrI pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsa paraspara sApekSa haiN| kAvya ke sundaratama rUpa ke prastutIkaraNa meM kavi ke Antarika tathA bAhyaguNa pratibhA, zAstrajJAna, sAMsArika viSayoM kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa, chandoM ityAdi kA jJAna, abhyAsa prApta kuzalatA sabhI kAraNa banate haiN| yadyapi kavi kI vyutpatti tathA abhyAsaprApta kuzalatA Adi ko sakriya banAne meM usakI kavitvazakti tathA kArayitrI pratibhA kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai| prAthamika avasthA meM kavi ko apane bhAva tathA bhASA ko antima svarUpa dene ke lie punaH punaH prayatnazIla honA par3atA hai, kyoMki vaha zabdoM, vAkyoM, alaGkAroM, bimboM Adi meM saMzodhana karate hue bhI pUrNata: santuSTa nahIM ho paataa| kAvya ke zabdAdi meM parivartana kI icchA karane vAlA kavi saMsAra ke samakSa zreSTha kavi ke rUpa meM upasthita nahIM hotA kyoMki sahRdayajanoM ke samakSa usakA prayAsa hI pratibimbita hotA hai, sundaratama bhAva tathA bhASA nhiiN| punaH punaH abhyAsa se kavi kI kAvyaracanA ke prati AkarSaNa kI abhivRddhi hotI jAtI hai aura usakI racanA kA bhI pariSkAra aura parimArjana hotA jAtA hai / / usakI kAvyavastu bhASA, bhAva Adi kI dRSTi se sundara se sundaratama taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| abhyAsa tathA vyutpatti rUpa bAhya upakaraNoM se pUrNata: prakaTa kavi kI janmasiddha pratibhA hI kavi ko saphalatA kI caramasImA para pahu~cAtI hai|- isa tathya ko pUrNataH svIkAra karane vAle AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM abhyAsI kaviyoM ke lie hI 'haraNa' tathA 'kavicaryA' viSayaka vivecana prastuta kie haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara kavi banane ke prayatna ko usa samaya viDambanA hI samajhate the, jaba svAbhAvika kAvyaracanA zakti na ho, zAstroM meM paripakvatA tathA abhyAsajanyakuzalatA bhI na ho aisI sthiti meM to kavi bananA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba sarasvatI ke tantra, mantra ke prayoga se kavitvasiddhi prApta kI gaI ho| ataH 1 yathA yathAbhiyogazca saMskArazca bhvetkveH| tathA tathA nibandhAnAM tAratamyena ramyatA // ....... lIDhAbhidhopaniSadAM savidhe budhAnAmabhyasyataH pratidinaM bhudRshvno'pi| kiJcitkadAcana kathaJcana sUktipAkAdvAktattvamunmiSati kasyacideva puNsH|| siddhiH sUktiSu sA tasya jAyate jagaduttarAmUlyacchAyAM na jAnAti yasyAH so'pi girA (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) 2 na nisargakaviH zAstre na kSuNNaH kavate ca yH| viDambayati sAtmAnamAgrahagrahila: kila / (kAvyamImAMsA-caturtha adhyAya)

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[249] yaha nizcita hai ki kavi ke sabhI sundaratama vacana usakI pratibhA, vyutpatti tathA abhyAsajanya kauzala ke hI pariNAma hote haiM aura kavi pratibhA aura vyutpatti se sampanna, abhyAsa dvArA zilpacAturya tathA vAgvidagdhatA prApta karane vAlA sarasa varNana meM nipuNa vyakti hotA hai| ananya manovRti se kAvyaracanA karate hue kavi sarasvatI kI kRpA se apanI sUktiyoM meM alaukika siddhi prApta karatA hai| 1 kavi kI sarvaguNasampannatA ko svIkAra karate hue 'kAvyazikSA' nAmaka grantha meM AcArya vinayacandra ne use vividha vizeSaNoM se alaGkRta kiyA hai| unakA kavi zabdArthavAdI tatvajJa, mAdhuryAjaprasAdhaka, dakSa, vAgmI, navIna artha kI utpatti meM ruciyukta, zabdArthavAkya ke doSoM kA jAtA citrakRta, kavimArgavit, sabhI alaGkAroM kA jJAtA, rasavettA, bandhasauSThavI, SaDbhASAvidhiniSNAta, SaDdarzanavicAravid nityAbhyAsI, lokajJAtA tathA chandazAstra kA jJAtA hai 2 saMsAra meM kavi aura usake kavitva kI mahattA sarvamAnya hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita 'kavicaryA' tatkAlIna kaviyoM ke jIvana ke uccastara tathA unakI sambhrAntatA ko prakaTa karatI hai| kavi sAdhAraNajana jaise nahIM the| jJAnagarimA se paripUrNa kavi rAjAoM ke tathA samAja ke zraddheya the| isI kAraNa ve apane AzrayadAtA rAjA tathA janatA kI rUciyoM kA paryApta dhyAna rakhate the aura unhIM ke anurUpa viSaya tathA bhASA meM kAvyaracanA karate the / AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavi ko yaha bhI nirdeza diyA ki lokarUci tathA rAjarUci kA dhyAna rakhane kI prakriyA meM vaha kabhI bhI AtmA kA tiraskAra na kare 13, kyoMki sarvathA kisI ke vazIbhUta hokara kI gaI kAvyaracanA kI zreSThatA meM saMdeha ho sakatA hai| isake lie kavi ko AtmanirIkSaNa avazya karanA cAhie, kyoMki kavi ko loka ke samakSa 2 1. ityananyamanovRtternizeSe'sya kriyAkrame / ekapatnIvrataM dhatte kaverdevI sarasvatI // (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) kaviH zabdArthavAdI tatvajJI, mAdhuryojaprasAdakaH dakSI, vAgmI navArthAnAmutpattipriyakArakaH // 153 1 zabdArthavAkyadoSajJazcitrakRt kavimArgavit jJAtAlaGkArasarvasvo rasavid bandhasauSThavI // 14 // padmAvatidhiniSNAtaH SaDdarzanavicAravid nityAbhyAsI ca lokajJazchandaH zAstrapaThiSThadhI 155 (caturtha pariccheda) kAvyazikSA (vinaya candrasUri ) / 3. jAnIyAllokasAmmatyaM kaviH kutra mameti ca / asammataM pariharenmate'bhinivizeta ca // janApavAdamAtreNa na jugupseta caatmni| jAnIyAtsvayamAtmAnaM yato loko niraGkuzaH // (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya) -

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[250] Adarza prastuta karanA hotA hai, aura kaviyoM ke AdezAnusAra kie gae lokavyavahAra mAnava ke lie kalyANakArI hote haiN| saMsAra meM sundaratama kA prasAra bhI kavivANI se hI hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki prAcIna rAjAoM ke prabhAvazAlI caritra, devatAoM kI prabhutvalIlA aura RSiyoM tathA tapasviyoM ke alaukika prabhAva-ye sabhI kucha kaviyoM kI vANI se hI prasUta tathA prasiddha hue haiM / isa prakAra kavivacana saMsAra kA mahAn upakAra karate haiN| __ AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhinna bhinna AdhAra grahaNa karate hue 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kaviyoM ke vibhinna bhedopabheda prastuta kie haiN| yaha kavivargIkaraNa rAjazekhara kI maulikatA tathA sUkSma nirIkSaNa ko siddha karate haiN| kavibhedoM kA vistRta vivecana viziSTa saMdarbha meM bhinna bhinna sthAnoM para kiyA gayA hai| kAvyamImAMsA meM kAvyaparIkSaka bhAvaka : kavi kI kArayitrI pratibhA ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvaka kI bhAvayitrI pratibhA kI vivecanA karake AcArya rAjazekhara ne apanI maulikatA pramANita kI hai| kArayitrI pratibhA kavi ke hRdaya meM zabdoM, arthoM, alaGkAroM, uktiyoM Adi kA pratibhAsa karAtI hai tathA bhAvayitrI pratibhA bhAvaka ke hRdaya meM 3 kavihRdaya ke sAtha sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke lie bhAvaka ko bhI aise hI pratibhAsa kI AvazyakatA hai| bhAvaka kAvyanirmAtA nahIM haiN| usakI sthiti kavi se bhinna hai tathA usakI bhAvayitrI pratibhA kavi kI kArayitrI pratibhA kI apekSA kama sakriya hai| kavi kI kArayitrI pratibhA kAvyaracanA ke lie 1 kiJca kavivacanAyattA lokyaatraa| sA ca niHzreyasamUlam iti mhrssyH| (kAvyamImAMsA-SaSTha adhyAya) 2 kiJca- zrImanti rAjJAM caritAni yAni prabhutvalIlAzca sudhAzinAM yaaH| ye ca prabhAvAstapasAmRSINAM tAH satkavibhyaH zrutayaH prsuutaaH||" (kAvyamImAMsA-SaSTha adhyAya) 3 yA zabdagrAmamarthasArthamalaGkAratantramuktimArgamanyadapi tathAvidhamadhihRdayaM pratibhAsayati sA prtibhaa|.............. sA ca dvidhA kArayitrI bhAvayitrI c| kaverupakurvANA kArayitrI.......... bhAvakasyopakurvANA bhaavyitrii| sa hi kaveH zramamabhiprAyaM ca bhAvayati / tayA khalu phalitaH kaveApAratararanyathA so'vakezI syaat| (kAvyamImAMsA-caturtha adhyAya)

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[251 ] sAmagrI ke saMdhAna, cayana Adi meM sahAyaka banakara kAvyanirmANa karAtI hai, kintu bhAvaka bhAvayitrI pratibhA kI sahAyatA se kavi dvArA bhoge gae, zabdoM meM abhivyakta kie gae apane sammukha prastuta anubhava kA punaranubhava karake rasAsvAda karatA hai| kavi ke zabdoM, arthoM se pUrNataH bhinna navIna zabdoM, arthoM Adi ke pratibhAsa kI use AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| kavi kI kArayitrI pratibhA ke kAraNa laukika viSaya kAvya ke kSetra meM Ate hI alaukika bana jAte haiN| unakI isa alaukikatA ko kAvya kI mUlavartI preraNA ko bhAvaka apane hRdaya meM anubhava karatA hai| apanI pratibhA dvArA bhAvaka kavi kI hI kalpanA se sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| kavi kI pratibhA navanavonmeSakArayitrI hai, bhAvaka kI pratibhA navanavonmeSabhAvayitrI / pratibhA donoM ke lie paramAvazyaka hai / bhAvaka kI bhAvayitrI pratibhA use kAvyaracanA meM kama, kAvya kI kasauTI meM adhika sakSama nAtI hai / vaha arthatatva, bhAvatatva, sabhI guNadoSoM kA rasatatva tathA alaGkAra tatva Adi kA vizleSaNa karake kavi ke kAvya ko utkRSTatA, apakRSTatA kI kasauTI para kasatA hai aura apane saundaryabodha se kAvya ko mahimAmaMDita bhI karatA hai| kAvyanirmANa samAlocanA ke abhAva meM vyartha hotA hai| ataH kavi ke sAtha bhAvaka kI upasthiti anivArya hai| kavivyApAra bhAvaka dvArA hI phalita hotA hai, kyoMki yadi kAvya kA pracAra prasAra na ho to usakA astitva hI samApta ho sakatA hai| kavi saMsAra ke lie kAvyaracanA karatA hai to bhAvaka usako saMsAra meM usake guNadoSamaya rUpa meM pracArita karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha kavi ke abhiprAya kA bhAvana karake usake zrama ko saphala banAtA hai| bhAvaka kI parIkSA ke bAda hI kAvya kI mahimA kA pracAra hotA hai tathA kavi ko sammAna kI prApti hotI hai| eka pakSa yaha svIkAra karane vAlA bhI milatA hai ki kavi meM bhI bhAvayitrI pratibhA honI cAhiye, kyoMki kavi apane kAvya kI AlocanA meM sakSama ho, tabhI usakA kAvyanirmANakArya pUrNatA ko prApta karatA hai| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara ne mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA mata uddhRta karate hue svIkAra kiyA hai ki kavitva tathA bhAvakatva svarUpa bheda tathA viSayabheda ke kAraNa pRthak haiN| eka patthara suvarNa utpanna

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[252] karatA hai, dUsarA kasauTI patthara usakI parIkSA karatA hai| eka meM aneka guNoM kA samanvaya kaThina hai| eka vyakti eka hI kArya ko pUrNatA se kara sakatA hai| isa vicAra kA AdhAra sambhavata: yaha liyA gayA hai ki kavi IrSyA kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa dUsaroM ke kAvya kA samyak AsvAdana nahIM kara paataa| ata: kAvya-samIkSA kA kArya bhAvaka kA hai| 'sarasvatyAstatvaM kavisahRdayAkhyam vijayate' isa rUpa meM kavi aura sahadaya eka hI sArasvatatatva ke do pakSa haiN| kAvya kA carama udyezya rasAsvAda hai| kavi tathA sahRdaya ko eka hI anubhUti se anuprANita honA caahie| kavikarma rUpI vaha vyApAra jo kavi se Arambha hokara rasika ke rasAsvAda meM paryavasita hotA hai, kAvya hai| kAvyagata zabdArthasAhitya na kevala kavigata vyApAra hai na kevala rsikgt| vaha kavisahRdayagata akhaNDAnubhavarUpa vyApAra hai| isI prakAra rasa kAvyagata bhI hai, sahRdayagata bhii| kAvyagata rasa bhinna-bhinna svabhAvoM ke pAtroM ke caritra se utpanna hotA hai, tathA sahadayagata rasa ina caritroM ke paThana, zravaNa tathA darzana se sahRdayoM ke mana meM jAgRta hotA hai| rasAsvAda kI yogyatA vyAkaraNa athavA tarkajJAna se nahIM prApta hotii| isake lie rasika ko nirmala pratibhAzAlI honA caahie|2 isa tathya ko sabhI svIkAra karate haiN| prajJA kI vimalatA tathA vaidagghya se hI hRdayasaMvAdya hokara kAvya AsvAdya hotA hai| tabhI sahRdaya ko kAvya ke sAmAnya jJAna se adhika rasAtmaka vyaGgayArtha kI pratIti hotI hai-AcArya Anandavardhana ne isI tathya kA pratipAdana kiyA 1 'kaH punaranayo/do yatkavirbhAvayati bhAvakazca kaviH' ityAcAryA: 'na' iti kaalidaasH| pRthageva hi kavitvAdbhAvakatvaM, bhAvakatvAcca kavitvam, svarUpabhedAdviSayabhedAcca yadAhu:"kazcidvAcaM rayayitumalaM zrotumevAparastAm kalyANI te matirubhayathA vismayaM nastanoti nokasminnatizayavatAM sannipAto guNAnAmekaH sUte knkmuplsttpriikssaakssmo'nyH||" (kAvyamImAMsA - caturtha adhyAya) 2 'adhikArI cAtra vimalapratibhAnazAlI sahRdayaH' - abhinavabhAratI (abhinavagupta)

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[253] hai|1 kAvya ke cArutva, acArutva kA nizcaya sahRdaya hI karate haiN| isalie AcArya mahimabhaTTa unheM kAvyarupI maNi kA pArakhI kahate haiM / 2 AcArya mammaTa kA sahRdaya bhI 'pratibhAjup' hai| sahRdayahRdayaharaNakSamatA zreSTha kAvya kI anivAryatA hai| sahRdaya kI apanI pratibhA hI use kAvyabhAvanA meM sakSama banAkara usakA mana: prasAdana karatI hai| ukti kA kevala vicitra tathA loka zAstra meM prayukta zabda artha ke upanibandhana se bhinna honA hI paryApta nahIM hai, kavi kauzala para Azrita honA bhI antima pramANa nahIM hai| sahRdaya ke manaH prasAdana kI kSamatA se yukta kAvyokti hI sArthaka hai 3 AcArya vizvezvara ne zreSTha kAvya ke bhAvaka rasika ko paramasukhI mAnA hai / doSatyAga, guNAdhAna, alaGkAra aura rasAnvaya ina cAra prakAroM se pariSkRta tathA kavikalpita sAhitya kA bhAvaka rasika saMsAra meM sukha prApta karatA hai| kavi kI khyAti, apakhyAti karatA huA bhAvaka kavi kA sarvasva hai 5 bhAvaka tathA usakI pratibhA kA mahatva AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrvavartI tathA pazcAdvartI sabhI AcArya svIkAra karate the kintu apane kAvyazAstrIya grantha meM ina donoM ko viziSTa sthAna AcArya rAjazekhara ne diyaa| sAhityazAstra meM sAmAjika aura rasika paryAya haiN| samAja ke viziSTa satpuruSa kAvya ke prArambha ke samaya se hI kAvya kI utkRSTatA, apakRSTatA kA viveka karate the| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke kAvya parIkSaNa ke adhikArI santa the| vAtsyAyana ke vidagdha nAgaraka pratimAsa yA pratipakSa niyata dina choTA sA 1. sarvathA nAstyeva sahRdayahRdayahAriNaH kAvyasya sa prakAroyatra na pratIyamAnArthasaMsparzena saubhAgyam tadidaM kAvyarahasyaM paramiti sUribhirvibhAvanIyam / 371 (dhvanyAloka) (tRtIya udyota) 2 cArUtvAcArutvanizcaye ca kAvyatatvavidaH pramANam' (prathama vimarza) vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTTa) .-----..-kAvyamANikyavaikaTikAnAM sacetasAm dvitIya vimarza - vyaktiviveka (mahimabhaTTa) 3 zabdArthoM sahitau vakrakavivyApArazAlini bandhe vyavasthitau kAvyaM tdvidaahlaadkaarinni| vakroktijIvita (kuntaka) (prathama unmeSa) 4 IdRzaM bhAvayan kAvyaM rasikaH paramaM sukham prApnoti kAlavaiSamyAd guNatastrividho'pi sn| (aSTama prakaraNa) (sAhityamImAMsA - vizvezvara) 5 kaveH khyAtirapakhyAtirbhAvakAdeva jAyate tasmAt sa eva sarvasvaM tasya prAjJaiH prakIrtitaH / 191 (sAhityamImAMsA - dvitIya prakaraNa) (vizvezvara)

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[254] sammelana karate the| vaha sammelana samAja thA tathA usameM bhAga lene vAle sAmAjika the| kAvyamImAMsA meM santa kA ullekha hai, jinhoMne uzanA kI chandobaddha vANI sunakara unheM kavisaMjJA pradAna kii| tabhI se loka meM chandaracanA karane vAle kavi kahakara pukAre jAne lge| bAda meM sambhavata: yahI santa kAvya ke parIkSaka bhAvaka banakara kAvya ke arthatatva, bhAvatatva, guNadoSAdi kA vizleSaNa karate hue kAvyazAstra ke nirmAtA bhI bana gae hoNge| sarasa kAvya ke marmajJa sahRdaya bhI kahalAte the| Alocaka sahRdaya hone para hI hRdaya kI gaharAI se kAvyAnubhUti karate hue kAvya kI yathArtha samAlocanA kara sakatA hai| kAvya ke antastala taka pahu~cane kI kSamatA hI bhAvaka kA vaiziSTya hai| AcArya kuntaka kI dhAraNA hai ki kAvya ke amRtarasa se sahRdayoM ke hRdaya meM jo camatkAra utpanna hotA hai vaha unheM caturvarga kI prApti se bhI adhika Ananda detA hai 3 saundaryabodha mAnavamAtra kA guNa hai, kintu kavi aura Alocaka meM saundaryabodha kI parAkASThA honI cAhie tabhI kavi vastuoM ke sundaratama rUpa ko kAvya meM prastuta karatA hai tathA sahadaya kAvya meM varNita vastu ke usa sundaratama rUpa ko hRdaya se anubhava kara usakA mUlyAGkita svarUpa jagat ke samakSa upasthita karatA hai| sahRdaya, sAhityAnubhava se yukta, kAvyoM ke rahasyAnveSaNa meM satata prayatnazIla rahane vAlA, niSpakSa tathA vyaktigata rAga dveSa se rahita vyakti hI kAvya kI vyAkhyA tathA mUlyAGkana meM samartha hokara zreSTha samAlocaka bana sakatA hai / sahRdaya kAvya kI rasAnubhUti kAvya ko par3hane athavA sunane se hI 1 pakSasya mAsasya vA prajJAte'hani sarasvatyA bhavane niyuktAnAM nityaM samAjaH / (1/4/27) kAmasUtra (vAtsyAyana) isakI jayamaGgalA TIkA'sarasvatI ca nAgarakANAM vidyAkalAsu adhidevatA, tasyA Ayatane niyuktAnAm nAmakena pUjopacArakatve pratipakSa pratimAsaM ca ye niyuktAH nAgarakanaTAdyo natituM, teSAM samAjaH svavyApArAnuSThAnena milanaM yasmin pravRttaM nAgarakAH sAmAjikAH bhvnti|' 2. tataH prabhRti tamuzanasaM santaH kvirityaacksste| tadupacArAcca kavayaH kavaya iti lokyaatraa| kAvyamImAMsA - (tRtIya adhyAya) 3 caturvargaphalAsvAdamapyatikramya tdvidaam| kAvyAmRtarasenAntazcamatkAro vitanyate / 5 / prathama unmeSa vakroktijIvita (kuntaka)

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[255] turanta kara letA hai, kyoMki usake vimala hRdaya meM kAvya kI maulika anubhUti apane Apa ko usI kSaNa pratibimbita karatI hai| laukika padArtho ke kavi kI pratibhA dvArA prastuta sundaratama svarUpa ko rasika apanI pratibhAbala se hI grahaNa karate hue rasAnubhUti karatA hai| AcArya Anandavardhana kA sahRdayatva kA tAtparya rasajJatA hai| vaha zreSTha kAvya kA, kAvya kI cArutA kA, satkavi tathA sahRdaya kA sambandha dhvanikAvya se hI mAnate haiN| unakA vicAra hai ki vyaGgathArtha meM hI sahRdayahRdayaharaNakSamatA hotI hai| AcArya kuntaka ke anusAra bhI kAvya kA artha sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakAritva rUpa vaiziSTya se yukta hotA hai ? AcArya maGkhaka to sAhityavid ke abhAva meM kavi ke guNoM kA prasAra asambhava mAnate haiN| tailabindu kevala jala meM hI tatkAla vistAra pAtA hai, anyatra nahIM kAvyamImAMsA meM 'bhAvaka' tathA samAlocanA ko paryApta mahatva tathA vistAra prApta huaa| zreSThakavitva tathA zreSTha bhAvakatva donoM eka hI vyakti meM honA kaThina hai| aisI pratibhAe~ durlabha hotI haiN| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki zreSTha kavi meM apane kAvya kI yathArtha samAlocanA kA guNa honA cAhie kyoMki rasAveza meM racita kAvya kA punaH parIkSaNa usakI pUrNazuddhi ke lie Avazyaka 1 dvitIyasmiMstu pakSe rasajJataiva shRdytvmiti| tathAvidhaiH sahRdayaiH saMvedyo rasAdisamarpaNasAmarthyameva naisargika zabdAnAM vizeSa iti vyaJjakatvAzrayyeva teSAM mukhyaM caarutvm| -----dhvaninirUpaNanipuNA hi satkavayaH sahRdayAzca niyatameva kAvyaviSaye parAM prkrsspdviimaasaadynti| (dhvanyAloka-tRtIya udyota) 2 zabdo vivakSiArthaMkavAcako'nyeSu satsvapi arthaH shRdyaahlaadkaarisvspndsundrH|9| (vakroktijIvita - (kuntaka) (prathama unmeSa) 3 binA na sAhityavidA paratra guNa: kathaJcit prathate kavInAm Alambate tatkSaNamambhasIva vistAramanyatra na tailabinduH (maGkhaka) ('rasagaGgAdhara' kI bhUmikA se uddhRta))

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[256] hai| isake lie kavi ko pakSapAta tathA abhimAna Adi durguNoM se dUra rahanA caahie| pakSapAtI apane kAvya ke doSoM ko guNoM ke rUpa meM tathA dUsaroM ke kAvya ke guNoM ko doparUpa meM dekhatA hai|| 'kAvyamImAMsA' se kavi ko apane kAvya kI surakSA hetu mahatvapUrNa nirdeza prApta hote haiM, ve kAvya kI yathArtha samAlocanA se hI adhikAMzataH sambaddha haiM / jo yathArtha samAlocaka na hoM, unake samakSa apane kAvya kA vivecana hAnikara hI hai| ataH kAvyaracanA ke pazcAt hI samasAmayika sAdhanoM dvArA usake pracAra, prasAra kI AvazyakatA sabhI yugoM meM hotI hai| akele kisI vyakti ke samakSa athavA kavimAnI ke samakSa kAvya prastuta karanA-kAvya ke astitva ke lie hI hAnikara hai| AcArya rAjazekhara niSpakSa kAvyasamAlocanA hetu kavi dvArA svayaM apane kAvya kI vivekapUrNa parIkSA ke pazcAt bhI dUsaroM se kAvyaparIkSA karAnA Avazyaka mAnate the|2 tatkAlIna samAja meM kAvyagoSThiyA~ kAvyapracAra kA viziSTa sAdhana thIM jinameM praveza kara kavi zreSTha samAlocakoM dvArA kAvya kI parIkSA karAte the tathA usakI surakSA bhI sunizcita karate the| pratyeka yuga ke samAna AcArya rAjazekhara ke kAla meM bhI yathArtha samAlocakoM kI saMkhyA kama hI thii| ata: kabhI-kabhI kavi ke satkAvya ko mahatI kSati pahu~cAne vAle kAvyAlocaka upalabdha ho jAte the, jo satkAvya meM bhI doSa hI doSa dekhate the tathA svayam apane zabdoM, arthoM dvArA kavi ke kAvya ko parivartita bhI kara dete the kavi ke mitra, sambandhiyoM dvArA pracAra ke lie kAvya kA pATha tathA prazaMsA kI to jAtI thI, kintu yaha samyaka samAlocanA nahIM thii| 1. na ca svakRti bahu manyeta, pakSapAto hi guNadoSau viparyAsayati / na ca dRpyet / darpalavo'pi srvsNskaaraanucchitti| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 2 na navInamekAkinaH purtH| sa hi svIyaM bruvANa: katareNa sAkSiNA jiiyet|---praishc priikssyet| yadudAsIna: pazyati na tadanuSThAteti prAyo vaadH| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 3. idaM hi vaidagdhyarahasyamuttamaM paThenna sUktiM kavimAninaH purH| na kevalaM tAM na vibhAvayatyasau svakAvyabandhena vinaashytypi| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya)

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[257] AcArya rAjazekhara kA yaha ullekha ki adhikAMza kaviyoM ko mRtyu prApti ke bAda hI prazaMsA milatI hai| isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki AcArya rAjazekhara ne tatkAlIna samAja meM kAvya kI samucita samAlocanA kI upalabdhatA meM nizcaya hI vilamba kA anubhava kiyA thaa| kAvya kI surakSA kaThina kArya thaa| rAjazekhara yaha bhI svIkAra karate the ki zreSTha kavi nindA athavA prazaMsA se udvigna nahIM hote the kyoMki jaba yathArtha samAlocaka alpasaMkhyA meM hI upalabdha the to kavi ko lokanindA ke bhaya se AtmA ke tiraskAra kI kyA AvazyakatA hai?2 apanI ruci ke anukala kAvyaracanA hI use Ananda de sakatI bhAvaka prakAra : kAvyamImAMsA se spaSTa hotA hai ki kavi aura bhAvaka anyo'nyAzrayI haiN| kAvya ke vAstavika mUlyAGkana ke lie kavi ko bhAvaka kI AvazyakatA hai aura apane hRdaya ko alaukika Ananda pradAna karane ke lie bhAvaka ko zreSTha kavi ke uttama kAvya kI AvazyakatA hai| bhAvaka ke hRdaya paTa para aGkita kAvyoM kI saMkhyA kama hI hotI hai4 yaha AcArya rAjazekhara ne svIkAra kiyA hai| unheM yathArtha samAlocaka avazya hI alpa saMkhyA meM dRSTigata hue the, kintu kAvyaracanA hote hI usakI AlocanA karane vAle adhika saMkhyA meM prApta ho hI jAte the| tabhI to AcArya rAjazekhara usa kavi ke kAvya para 1. piturgurornarendrasya sutaziSyapadAtayaH avivicyaiva kAvyAni stuvanti ca paThanti c| ................... ... ... ....... gItasUktiratikrAnte stotA deshaantrsthite| pratyakSe tu kavauloka: sAvajJaH sumhtypi| pratyakSakavikAvya ca rUpaM ca kulayoSitaH / gRhavaidyasya vidyA ca kasmaiciyadi rocte|| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 2 janApavAdamAtreNa na jugupseta cAtmani jAnIyAtsvayamAtmAnaM yato loko niraGkuzaH kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 3 satkAvye vikriyAH kAzcida bhAvakasyollasanti taaH| sarvAbhinayanirNItaudRSTA nATyasRjA na yaaH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 4 santi pustaka vinyastAH kAvyabandhA gRhe gRhe dvivAstu bhAvakamanaH shilaapttttnikuttttitaaH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya)

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[258] Azcarya karate haiM jisake Alocaka usa kavi ke svAmI, mitra, mantrI, ziSya aura gurU na hoN| isa prakAra tatkAlIna samAja meM kAvyapremI adhikAMza loga the aura kavi ke nikaTavartI sabhI usake kAvya ke Alocaka bana jAte the| isa kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara ko AlocakoM ke vividha prakAra kAvya jagat meM upalabdha hae jinakA unhoMne kAvyamImAMsA meM vizada vivecana kiyA hai| kAvya kA bhAvana karane ke pazcAt bhAvaka usake prati apane vicAra prakaTa karane ke lie apane apane stara ke anusAra aneka vidhiyA~ apanAte the| kucha vANI ke dvArA apane bhAva prakaTa karate the| kucha kevala hRdaya meM hI kAvya bhAvana karake raha jAte the| kucha bhAvaka apane vicAroM ko mAnasika, zArIrika ceSTAoM ke dvArA abhivyakta karate the| kintu kavi to apane unhIM kAvyoM se lAbhAnvita hote the, jinakA pracAra bhAvaka caturdik karate the / 2 saMsAra ke lie to kevala apane hRdaya meM bhAvana karane vAle kAvyabhAvaka vyartha haiN| bhAvakoM dvArA kie gae pracAra se hI jagat bAlmIki, vyAsa, kAlidAsAdi Adi mahAkaviyoM kI racanAoM se lAbhAnvita haa| vibhinna prakAra ke AlocakoM kI AcArya rAjazekhara ne kramika zreNiyAM nirdhArita kI kyoMki jo Alocaka samAja meM upalabdha hote the unameM kucha kAvya ke kevala guNa grahaNa karate the, kucha kI dRSTi kAvya ke kevala doSoM para hI jAtI thii| isa aviveka kA AdhAra vyaktigata kAraNa bhI hote the| kucha zreSTha samAlocaka guNa, doSa donoM ko chor3akara rasAsvAdana mAtra karane vAle bhI hote the 3 ina sabhI AdhAroM ko grahaNa karate hue AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA meM bhAvakoM ke cAra prakAra prastuta kie haiM 1 mvAmI mitraM ca mantrI ca ziSyazcAcArya eva c| kaverbhavati hi citraM kiM hi tadyanna bhaavkH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturtha adhyAya) 2. vAgbhAvako bhvetkshciddhRdybhaavkH| sAtvikairAGgikaiH kazcidanubhAvaizca bhaavkH|| kAvyena kiM kavestasya tnmnomaatrvRttinaa| nIyante bhAvakairyasya na nibandhA dizo dsh|| kAvyamImAMsA - (dazama adhyAya) 3 guNAdAna para : kazciddoSAdAnaparo'paraH / guNadoSAhatiyAgaparaH kazcana bhaavkH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturtha adhyAya)

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[259] (ka) arocakI, (kha) satRNAbhyavahArI, (ga) matsarI, (gha) ttvaabhiniveshii| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA ullikhita prathama do arocakI tathA satRNAbhyavahArI bhAvakoM ke nAma hI AcArya vAmana ke kaviyoM ke nAma haiN| arocakI vivekI hone ke kAraNa kAvyavidyA ke adhikArI ziSya haiM kintu avivekayukta satRNAbhyavahArI kavi kAvyavidyA ke ziSya banane kA adhikAra nahIM prApta karate / / AcArya vAmana ke kavi tathA AcArya rAjazekhara ke bhAvakoM ke nAma kI samAnatA kA AdhAra unakA viveka aura aviveka hI hai| kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita arocakI bhAvakoM ke nAma se spaSTa hai ki unheM koI bhI racanA zIghra rucikara nahIM lgtii| arocakatA do prakAra kI hotI hai2-(ka) naisargikI arocakatA :-yaha svAbhAvika aruci saikar3oM saMskAroM se dUra nahIM ho sktii| jaise rAMgA saikar3oM bAra saMskAra kie jAne para bhI apanI kAlimA nahIM chodd'taa| (kha) jJAnajanya arocakatA :-yadi bhAvaka kI aruci jJAnajanya hai to kisI viziSTa, alaukika racanA ke vAstavika guNoM ko dekhakara vaha usakI zreSThatA svIkAra karane meM tatpara bhI ho sakatA hai| satRNAbhyavahArI bhAvaka : yaha sambhavataH samAja ke sarvasAdhAraNa jana haiN| yaha navIna Alocaka utsukatAvaza sabhI racanAoM para kucha na kucha kahate rahate haiM 3 ina AlocakoM kI viveka rahita pratibhA guNa, doSa kI parakha karane meM asamartha hotI hai| isI kAraNa yaha apanI AlocanA ko sarvAGgINa nahIM banA pAte, racanA kA kucha na kucha guNa, doSa inakI dRSTi se chUTa hI jAtA hai| 1. arocakinaH satRNAbhyavahAriNazca kvyH| (1/2/1) pUrve ziSyAH vivekitvAt (1/2/2) netare tadviparyayAt ( 1/2/3) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti (vAmana) 2 "arocakitA hi teSAM naisargikI jnyaanyonirvaa| naisargikI hi saMskArazatenA'pi raGgamiva kAlikAM te na jhti| jJAnayonau tu tasyAM viziSTajJeyavativacasi rocakitAvRttireva" iti yAyAvarIyaH kAvyamImAMsA - (caturtha adhyAya) 3. kiJca satRNAbhyavahAritA sarvasAdhAraNI tathAhi vyutpitso: kautukina: sarvasya sarvatra prathama saa| pratibhAvivekavikalatA hi na guNAguNayovibhAgasUtraM pAtayati / tato bahu tyajati bahu ca gRhaNAti-..-...- - - - - - kAvyamImAMsA (caturtha adhyAya)

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[260] matsarI bhAvaka: jaisA ki inake nAmase hI spaSTa hai yaha apane hRdaya kI IrSyAbhAvanA se kabhI bhI ubara nahIM pAte the| sadaiva kAvya ke doSadarzana meM hI prayatnazIla rahate the| dUsaroM ke kAvya ke guNoM ke varNana meM ve mauna rahane kI hI icchA rakhate the|1 vyaktigata kAraNoM se yaha kAvya kI anyAyapUrNa AlocanA hI karate the| ina AlocakoM kI upasthiti samAja tathA satkavi donoM ko du:khI karatI thii| kucha kavi to inake kAraNa kAvyanirmANa hI tyAga dete the| aise hI eka du:khI kavi kA AcArya rAjazekhara ne ullekha kiyA hai|2 tatvAbhinivezI bhAvaka : AcArya rAjazekhara kA tatvAbhinivezI bhAvaka zreSTha samAlocaka ke sabhI guNoM ko apane andara sameTe hue hai| yaha kAvya ke tatva ke vAstavika anveSaka haiN| kintu yaha samAja meM hajAroM meM eka kI saMkhyA meM hI upalabdha hote haiN| kisI kavi ko bar3e hI puNya prabhAva se usake racanAzrama ko samajhane vAlA vidvAna, niSpakSa tathA yathArtha samAlocaka milatA hai| yaha samAlocaka kAvya ke zabdoM kI racanAvidhi kA samyaka vivecana karate haiM, kavi kI sUktiyoM tathA alaukika vicAroM se Anandita hote haiN| kAvya ke saghana rasAmRta kA pAna karate haiM 3 kAvya ke tatva ke bhItara praveza karake kAvyaracanA ke gUr3ha tAtparya kA anveSaNa kara lete haiN| kAvya ke antarnihita chipe hue guNa, doSoM ko bhI samajhakara ucita 1. matsariNastu pratibhAtamapi na pratibhAtaM, paraguNeSu vaacNymtvaat| sa punaramatsarI jJAtA ca virlH| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturtha adhyAya) 2 kastvaM bhoH kavirasmi kApyabhinavA sUktiH sakhe paThyatAM, tyaktA kAvyakathaiva samprati mayA kasmAdidaM zrUyatAm yaH samyagvivinakti doSaguNayoH sAraM svayaM satkaviH so'sminbhAvaka eva nAstyatha bhavedaivAnna nirmtsrH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturtha adhyAya) 3. tattvAbhinivezI tu madhyesahastraM yadyekastaduktam zabdAnAM vivinakti gumphanavidhinAmodate sUktibhiH sAndraM leDhi rasAmRtaM vicinute tAtparyamudrAM ca yH| puNya : saGaghaTate vivektavirahAdantarmukhaM tAmyatAm keSAmeva kadAcideva sadhiyAM kAvyazramajJo jnH|| kAvyamImAMsA - (caturtha adhyAya)

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[261] zabdoM meM abhivyakta karate hue samAja ke sammukha satkavi ke kAvya kI zreSTha samAlocanA prastuta karate hue kavi tathA kAvyajagat kA mahAn upakAra karate haiN| paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke 'rasagaGgAdhara' kI bhUmikA meM ina zreSTha samAlocakoM kA hI aucitya batAyA gayA hai| AlocanA navanavonmepa jananI hai kintu isake lie vijJa Alocaka hI honA caahie| racanA meM kevala doSa dekhane vAle Alocaka kI tulanA vraNamAtragaveSikA makSikA se kI gaI hai|1 AcArya vizvezvara ko sAhityamImAMsA meM satva, raja tathA tama ina tIna guNoM se yukta uttama, madhyama tathA adhama tIna prakAra ke rasika varNita haiM 2 1 AlocakAn prati-navaprakAzitasya maulikagranthasya vyAkhyAgranthasya vA samAlocanam kartavyameva vijJairAlocakaiH yat Alocanaiva nvnvrhsyonmessjnnii| parantu smaalockairdossaikdRgbhinbhaavym| guNAnapazyantaH pazyanto'pi gvessikaabhirmkssikaabhirevopmiiynte| ato guNadoSaprakaTa naparaiH pakSapAtarahitai: svayaM kRtakRtibhiH raajshekhraabhinnditkottikaistttvaabhiniveshibhiraalockairbhvitvym| ('rasagaGgAdhara' kI bhUmikA se uddhRta) uttamAdhamamadhyatvAt trividho rasikaH smRtH| sAhityamImAMsA (vizvezvara) (prathama prakaraNa) atra satvaM rajastama iti gunnaaH| tadyogAt sAtviko rAjasastAmasa iti trividhI rsikH| yathAkramagattamo mdhymo'dhmshc| (aSTama prakaraNa) sAhityamAmAyA (15-1zvara)

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[262] (kha) 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita vidagdhagoSThI tathA rAjacaryA prAcIna kAla se hI vidagdhagoSThI kAvya vivecana kA mahatvapUrNa kendra tathA kAvya pracAra kA sabase bar3A sAdhana thiiN| kAvyagoSThI meM kAvya ke AsvAdana kA Ananda vidagdha nAgaraka prApta karate the| vidagdha nAgarakoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hI jJAna, vijJAna, manovinoda tathA vibhinna kalAoM se sambaddha yaha mabhAe~ vidagdhagoSThI nAma se prasiddha thiiN| kAvya kI pAThazAlA ke samakakSa ina vidagdhagoSThiyoM meM kavi pracAra hetu apanI kAvya kalA ko rasikoM ke samakSa prastuta karate the| ata: kaviyoM ko yatnapUrvaka kAvya kI zikSA grahaNa karanI par3atI thii| vidagdhagoSThiyoM kI mahattA bar3hane ke sAtha hI kavizikSA kI AvazyakatA bar3hane lgii| kavi banane ke lie kAvyazAstra aura kAvya kI vidyAoM, upavidyAoM kA anuzIlana evam kAvyavidyAgurU se usakA abhyAsa Avazyaka mAnA gyaa| kAvyazAstra kA paThana kAvyagoSThI meM pravRtti kI yogyatA ke rUpa meM svIkRta thaa| yadi koI kavi na ho athavA usameM kAvyaviSayaka pANDitya na ho to usakA vidagdhagoSThiyoM meM praveza asambhava thaa| ata: kavizikSaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita AcArya rAjazekhara ne inameM praveza kI yogyatA prApti hetu kavi ko nipuNa banane ke nirdeza die haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ke pUrva bhI vidagdhagoSThI kA vAtsyAyana ke 'kAmasUtra' meM ullekha hai / vidagdha nAgaraka pratimAsa athavA pratipakSa nizcita dina sammelana Ayojita karate the| yaha sammelana 'samAja' tathA isameM bhAga lene vAle 'sAmAjika' nAma se prasiddha the|1 AcArya daNDI bhI svIkAra karate the ki kavi utkRSTa kavitva na hone para bhI kAvyazAstra ke adhyayana se vyutpanna hokara parizrama karate hue vidagdha 1. 'pakSasya mAsasya vA prajJAte'hani sarasvatyA bhavane niyuktAnAM nityaM samAja: kAmasUtra (vAtsyAyana) (1/4/27) sarasvatI ca nAgarakANAM vidyAkalAsu adhidevatA, tasyA Ayatane niyuktAnAm nAmakena pUjopacArakatve pratipakSa pratimAsam ca ye niyuktA: nAgarakanaTAdyo nartitum teSAM samAjaH svavyApArAnuSThAnena milanam yasmin pravRtte nAgarikA: sAmAjikAH bhvnti| (jayamaGgalA TIkA)

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[263] goSThiyoM meM vihAra karane yogya bana hI jAte the| isa prakAra kAvyagoSThIvivecana se sAhityakSetra rAjazekhara se pUrva bhI paricita thA, kintu unakI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM to vidagdhagoSThiyoM kA saMdarbha paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| AcArya rAjazekhara kavi ke lie vidagdhagoSThI kI anivAryatA svIkAra karate the, kyoMki vidagdhagoSThiyoM meM vibhinna prakAra ke kAvyoM ke zravaNa, paThana dvArA hI kaviyoM ke kAvya kA samAja meM pracAra hotA thA / isI kAraNa kavi kI pariceya vastuoM dezoM ke vyavahAra, vidvAnoM kI sUktiyoM, sAMsArika vyavahAra tathA prAcIna kaviyoM ke nibandha ke atirikta AcArya rAjazekhara ne sajjanoM ke Azrita kaviyoM ke satsaGga kA tathA vidagdhagoSThI kA kAvya kI mAtAoM ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai 2 kAvya ke pracAraka sAdhana rUpa meM pracalita vidagdhagoSThiyoM meM kavi tathA bhAvaka donoM hI upasthita hote the| bhAvaka kAvyAlocana karake kisI zreSTha kAvya ko suyaza pradAna karate the to koI sadoSakAvya unake bhAvana tathA Alocana dvArA apayaza kA bhAjana banatA thaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ke yuga meM kAvyasiddhAnta ke viSaya kAvyagoSThiyoM kI carcA ke viSaya banate the / ina carcAoM se samaya samaya para kAvyazAstra ke aneka navIna siddhAntoM kA udgama hotA thA / kavi aura bhAvaka ina navIna mAnyatAoM kA prayoga tathA parIkSaNa karate huye ina goSThiyoM meM hI unheM sthiratA pradAna karate the / AcArya rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA se pratIta hotA hai| ki tatkAlIna samAja meM sAdhAraNa stara kI kAvyagoSThiyA~ bhI pracalita thIM aura ucca stara kI bhI / kavi kI dinacaryA meM kAvyagoSThiyoM meM pravRtti kA vizeSa sthAna thaa| kavi ke lie pratidina goSThiyoM meM kAvyacarcA karanA tathA usake vividha aGgoM para abhyAsa karate hue apanI racanAoM ke stara meM sudhAra karanA anivArya thaa| yaha sAdhAraNa stara kI kAvyagoSThiyA~ thIM, jinameM kavi kI mitramaNDalI ke loga sammilita hote the / prAyaH yaha goSThiyA~ kavi ke AvAsa para hI nitya eka nizcita samaya para prAyaH dina meM bhojanoparAnta Ayojita hotI thiiN| , 1. tadastatandrairanizaM sarasvatI zramAdupAsyA khalu kIrtimIpsubhiH / kRze kavitve'pi janAH kRtazramAH vidagdhagoSThISu vihartumIzate / (105) prathama pariccheda kAvyAdarza (daNDI) 2 sujanopajIvyakavisannidhiH dezavArtA, vidagdhavAdo, lokayAtrA, vidvadgoSThayazca kAvyamAtaraH purAtanakavinibandhAzca / (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya)

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[264] isa avasara para kavigaNa praznottaroM ke mAdhyama se kAvyaviSayaka carcA karate the| bANabhaTTa ke samaya meM goSThiyoM meM bahata gUDha kAvyaprahelikAoM kI racanA hotI thI bhojarAja ne 'sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa' meM vidagdhagoSThI meM prayukta praznottara tathA prahelikA kA svarUpa vivecana kiyA hai tathA prahelikA ko phrI dAgoSThI ke vinoda meM upayogI batAyA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM vivecita kavi kI dinacaryA ko caturtha prahara meM bhI kavi ke kucha nizcita mitroM kI upasthiti meM kavi dvArA prAta:kAla kI gaI racanAoM kA samIkSaNa hotA thaa| kAvya ke guNa doSa kI vivecanA kI jAtI thii| AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki kavi ke lie AtmanirIkSaNa Avazyaka hai, tabhI vaha kAvyagoSThI meM saphala ho sakatA hai| kavi jisa kAvyagoSThI meM kAvyapaThana kare usake samyajanoM ke saMskAroM se kavi ke kAvya, bhASA tathA saMskAroM meM samAnatA honI caahiye| parantu yaha niyama svatantra kavi ke liye nahIM hai / 5 rAjA aura rAjakaviyoM kI uccastara kI goSThiyA~ prAyaH rAjabhavanoM meM Ayojita hotI thiiN| ina rAjyastara kI vidvadgoSThiyoM meM yadyapi mahAkaviyoM kI hI upasthiti rahatI hogI, kintu prArambhika kaviyoM ko bhI apane kAvya ke pracAra, prasAra ke liye kAvya ke stara ke anusAra hI kramazaH choTI bar3I kAvyagoSThiyoM meM apanA sthAna banAnA anivArya thaa| isake atirikta prArambhika kavi uccastara kI 1. bhojanAnte kAvyagoSThI pravartayeta / kadAcicca praznottarANi bhindiit|| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) 2 sarasvatIputrotpattiprakaraNa meM-vidyAvisaMvAdakRtAzca teSAM tatrAnyonyasya vivAdAH prAdurbhavana- prathama ucchvAsa-harSacarita-bANabhaTTa 3 krIDAgoSThIvinodeSu tajjJairAkIrNamantraNe paravyAmohane cApi sopayogAH prahelikAH / 1501 yastu paryyanuyogasya nirbhedaH kriyate pdaiH| vidagdhagoSThayAM vAkyairvA taM hi praznottaraM viduH / 1521 (sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja) dvitIya pariccheda) 4 caturtha ekAkinaH parimitapariSado vA pUrvAhrabhAgavihitasya kAvyasya priikssaa| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) 5 "kavi : prathamamAtmAnameva klpyet| kiyAnme saMskAraH, kva bhASAviSaye zakto'smi, kiMrucirlokaH parivRDhI vA, kIzi goSThayAM vinIta: kAsya vA cetaH saMsajata iti buddhavA bhASAvizeSamAzrayeta "iti aacaaryaaH| 'ekadezakaveriya niyamatantraNA svatantrasya punarekabhASAvatsarvA api bhASAH syuH iti yaayaavriiyH| (kAvyAmImAMsA - dazama adhyAya)

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[265] kAvyagoSThiyoM meM upasthita hokara vizeSa rUpa se lAbhAnvita hote the| ina goSThiyoM meM prArambhika kavi mahAkaviyoM ke kAvyoM ke zravaNa kA tathA unase zikSA grahaNa karane kA avasara bhI prApta karate the| sajjanoM athavA rAjAoM ke Azrita zreSTha kaviyoM ke satsaGga ko kavi ke lie anivArya kahane vAle AcArya rAjazekhara svIkAra karate the ki kAvyasambandhI durlabha jJAna tathA kAvyanirmANa sambandhI abhyAsaprApti mahAkaviyoM ke saMsarga se hI saMbhava hai| kAvyAbhyAsa karate samaya navIna kavi ke kAvya meM doSoM kI saMbhAvanA bhI rahatI hai| kintu kramaza: yaha doSa mahAkaviyoM ke saMsarga meM abhyAsa karate hue dUra ho jAte haiN| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kavi kI dinacaryA meM kAvyagoSThI meM pravRtti tathA kAvyAbhyAsa ko vizeSa mahatva dete huye AcArya rAjazekhara ne prArambhika kaviyoM kA mahAn upakAra kiyA hai tathA unheM goSThiyoM ke abhyAsa ke prArambhika sopAna se zreSThatA ke lakSya taka pahu~cAne meM kavizikSaka kA mahatvapUrNa dAyitva nibhAyA hai| Adhunika yuga meM bhI kAvyapracAra ke vibhinna sAdhana hone para bhI kaviyoM ke lie kavisammelanoM tathA kAvyagoSThiyoM kA mahatva kama nahIM huA hai| rAjacaryA : svatantra rUpa se Ayojita kAvyagoSThiyoM aura kavisammelanoM ke ullekha ke atirikta 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM 'rAjacaryA' tathA rAjAoM dvArA kAvyasabhAoM ke AyojanoM ke vistRta ullekha milate haiM / tatkAlIna yuga meM rAjA kAvyapremI tathA kalApremI avazya the, kyoMki rAjadarabAroM meM kaviyoM kA vizeSa sammAna thaa| rAjA kA prabhAva prajA tathA samAja para bhI thA, janatA bhI kaviyoM ke prati Adara bhAva rakhatI thii| rAjazekhara ke yuga meM kavi kI zreSThatA kI siddhi sambhavataH rAjyasabhA meM kavi kI upasthiti se hotI thii| kavi aura rAjA paraspara sApekSa the| kavi rAjA kA kIrtigAna karate the. rAjA kavi tathA usake kAvya ko sammAnita karate the| adhikAMza rAjA utkRSTha kaviyoM tathA vidvAnoM ke saMrakSaka rUpa meM garva kA anubhava karate the| rAjA kA Azraya kavi ko sabhI suvidhAe~ pradAna karane meM sahAyaka thaa| rAjyAzrita kavi cintAmukta hokara utkRSTa sAhityika vAtAvaraNa meM utkRSTa kAvya racanA bhI karate the| AcArya

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[266] rAjazekhara kA kavicaryAprakaraNa rAjyAzrita kaviyoM kI aizvaryasampannatA kA svarUpa prastuta karatA hai| unake nivAsasthAna bAga bagIcoM, phavvAroM, sundara sarovaroM, vApiyoM Adi se zobhita rahate the| unameM vividha prakAra ke pazu pakSI, kRtrima parvata, vividha puSpavRkSa evam latA maNDapa Adi rahate the|1 ina samRddha kaviyoM ke kAvyabandha yazasvI rAjAoM kI kIrti ko surakSita karate the tathA yathArtha itihAsa kA jJAna bhI karAte the| rAjyAzraya se kabhI-kabhI kavi ko kucha hAni bhI hotI rahI hogii| cAhe alpamAtrA meM hI kyoM na ho rAjyAzraya se kavi kI svatantratA meM bAdhA bhI utpanna hotI rahI hogii| kucha kavi arthalobha se rAjyasabhAoM meM praveza karake rAjAoM kA jhUThA yazagAna tathA kAvyakalA kA durUpayoga bhI karate the| kabhI-kabhI kavigaNa apane AzradAtA rAjA tathA usakI prajA kI rUciyoM ko dekhate hue unhIM ke anakala bhASA tathA viSaya meM kAvyaracanA karate the| yadyapi AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA meM kavi ke lie donoM pakSa svIkAra kie haiN| (ka) kavi ko apane svAmI athavA rAjA kI rUci kA dhyAna avazya rakhanA hogA ? rAjA apanI rUcisambaddha racanAoM ke AdhAra para hI kavi ko Azraya dete rahe hoNge| (kha) kavi ko lokarUci tathA rAjA kI rUci ke sAtha hI apanI rUci kA bhI dhyAna avazya rakhanA caahiye| AtmatiraskAra kavi ke kAvya kI zreSThatA ke liye zreyaskara nahIM hai| isa AdhAra para 'kAvyamImAMsA' se tatkAlIna rAjyAzrita do prakAra ke kaviyoM kA svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai-kucha kavi pUrNata: rAjA kI rUci para Azrita rahe hoNge| kintu kucha ne rAjyAzrita hokara bhI apanI pratibhA ke bala para Atmasvatantrya ko surakSita rakhA hogaa| tasya bhavanaM susaMmRSTaM, RtuSaTkocitavividhasthAnam anekatarUmUlakalpitApAzrayavRkSavATikaM, sakrIDAparvatakaM, sadIrghikApuSkariNIkaM, sasaritsamudrAvartakaM, sakulyApravAham savarhiNahariNahArItaM sasArasacakravAkahaMsam sacakorakrauJcakurarazukasArikaM, dharmaklAnticauraM, sabhUmidhArAgRhayantralatAmaNDapakaM, sadolApreDaM ca syAt / (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) 2 "kiM rUcirlokaH parivRdo yA . (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) 3. janApavAdamAtreNa na jugupseta cAtmani / jAnIyAtsvayamAtmAnaM yato loko nirngkshH|| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya)

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[267] sAmAnyataH 'rAjacaryA' ke antargata 'rAjasabhA' se sambandhita rAjA ke kAryakalApoM kA adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAtA hai kintu kavi zikSAsambandhI grantha meM isa viSaya ke vivecana kA kAraNa rAjazekharakAla kA rAjyAzrita kaviyoM se apekSAkRta adhika sambaddha honA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita 'rAjacaryA' rAjA kI dinacaryA se nahIM, kintu usakI kAvyasabhAoM kI gatividhiyoM se sambaddha hai| kavi ke kAvya ke pracAra prasAra meM tathA kavi ko protsAhana dene meM pratyeka yuga meM rAjyavyavasthA mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtI hai, isa prakAra sAhityika unnati bhI adhikAMzata: rAjyavyavasthA para kucha aMzoM meM nirbhara rahatI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke kAla meM sAhitya tathA zAstra meM rUci rakhane vAle, kaviguNoM se yukta vidvAna rAjAoM ne apane rAjya meM mahatI kAvyasabhAoM ke rUpa meM 'kavisamAja' kI sthApanA kii| ina kAvyasabhAoM meM kAvya kI utkRSTatA kI parakha kA mahAn kArya sampanna kiyA jAtA thaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ne svIkAra kiyA thA ki rAjA ko kavisamAja kI sthApanA karanI cAhiye, kyoMki yadi rAjA kavi ho to usakI prajA bhI kavi bana jAtI hai| samaya-samaya para kAvyagoSThiyoM kA Ayojana karAnA rAjA kA kartavya thaa| rAjya meM Ayojita kAvyagoSThiyoM kA sabhApatitva prAyaH rAjA svayam hI karate the 2 bhAvakoM tathA rAjA ke sammilita prayAsa se kAvya kA mUlyAGkana kiyA jAtA thaa| yadi svAmI bhAvaka na ho to usa kavi ke kAvya para Azcarya hai| rAjyAzrita kavi ke rUpa meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne rAjAoM dvArA saMcAlita vidvadgoSThiyoM kA pratyakSa darzana kiyA thaa| vaha svayam pratihAravaMzI mahendrapAla aura usake putra mahIpAla ke rAjasabhAsada 1. rAjA kavi: kavisamAja viNddhiit| rAjani kavau sarvo lokaH kaviH syaat| sa kAvyaparIkSAyai sabhAM kaaryet| (kAvyamImAMsA- dazama adhyAya) 2 tatra yathAsukhamAsInaH kAvyagoSThImapravartayeta bhAvayetparIkSeta c|--------- itthaM sabhApatirbhUtvA yaH kAvyAni parIkSate yazastasya jagadvayApi sa sukhI tatra tatra ca // (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) 3 yAmI mitraM ca mantrI ca ziSya vAcArya eva ca / kavirbhavati hi citraM kiM hi taya maapkH|| (kAvyamImAMsA - caturtha adhyAya)

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[268] evam rAjakavi ke pada para pratiSThita the| isI kAraNa 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM unhoMne rAjadarabAroM meM vidvAnoM ke sammAna kA sUkSma vivecana karate hue sajIva citra upasthita kiyA hai| rAjAoM ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne yaha nirdeza diyA ki unheM mahAnagaroM meM kAvyoM aura zAstroM kI parIkSA ke lie brahmasabhAe~ (vidvadgoSThI) Ayojita karAnI cAhie aura usa parIkSA meM uttIrNa vidvAnoM ko 'brahma-ratha' tathA 'paTTabandha' se sammAnita karanA caahie| 1 kAvyakAra aura zAstrakAra kI parIkSAoM ke nimitta ujjayinI tathA pATaliputra meM Ayojita rAjasabhAoM kA 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM ullekha hai ujjayinI kI kAvyakAraparIkSA meM kAlidAsa, | meNTha, amara, rUpa, AryasUra, bhAravi, haricandra aura candragupta kI parIkSA huI thI / pATaliputra kI zAstrakAra parIkSA meM uttIrNa hokara upavarSa, varSa, pANini, piGgala, vyADi, vararuci aura pataJjali ne khyAti arjita kI thI / 2 kAvyakAra tathA zAstrakAra kI parIkSA hetu Ayojita goSThiyA~ prAyaH saMvatsara ke Arambha meM mahAnagaroM meM bulAI jAtI thii| apane rAjya kI sAhityika samRddhi ke lie rAjA kaviyoM tathA zAstrakAroM ko yathocita puraskAra pradAna karate the / ina goSThiyoM meM deza-videza ke vidvAn sammilita hote the| unakA paraspara paricaya tathA vicAra vinimaya hotA thaa| puraskRta vidvAnoM tathA kaviyoM ko brahmapaTTa diye jAte the, tathA unheM brahmaratha para baiThAkara samAroha sahita nagara yAtrA karAI jAtI thii| sarvotkRSTha vidvAnoM tathA kaviyoM kA isa prakAra kA sArvajanika sammAna rAjA tathA kavisamAja donoM ke yaza kI zrIvRddhi karatA thaa| racanAoM tathA racanAkAroM ke mUlyAGkana ke ina avasaroM para kevala kavi tathA zAstrakAra hI nahIM, balki prajA ke vibhinna zreNI ke loga bhI zrotA aura darzaka ke rUpa meM upasthita hokara vidvAnoM ke sArvajanika sammAna ke sAkSI banate the / kAvyagoSThI ke samAna vijJAnagoSThI kA 1. mahAnagareSu ca kAvyazAstraparIkSArtham brahmasabhAH kaaryet| tatra parIkSottIrNAnAm brahmaradhayAmaM pttttbndhshc| (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya) 2 zrUyate cojjayinyAM kAvyakAraparIkSA- "iha kAlidAsameNThAvatrAmararUpa sUra bhAravayaH haricandracandraguptau parIkSitAviha vizAlAyAm // " zrUyate ca pATaliputre zAstrakAraparIkSA atropavarSavarSAviha pANinipiGgalAviha vyAdi vararucipataJjalI iha parIkSitAH khyAtimupajagmuH (kAvyamImAMsA dazama aya) -

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[269] Ayojana, videzI vidvAnoM kA sammAna tathA naukarI ke icchuka logoM ko naukarI denA Adi rAjA ke kArya guNIjana ke yathocita sammAna se sambaddha the kyoMki puruSaratnoM kA AdhAra rAjA hI hai| 1 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne cAra prAcIna rAjAoM - vAsudeva, sAtavAhana, zUdraka aura sAhasAGka kA ullekha kiyA hai jo vidvAnoM tathA kaviyoM ko muktahastadAna dekara sammAnita karane ke sAtha hI svayaM bhI saMskRta Adi bhASAoM ke vidvAn, kavi athavA prabandhakartA ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| isI kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara ne samasAmayika anya rAjAoM se inake padacihnoM para calakara apane rAjya ko sAhityika dRSTi se samRddha banAne kA Agraha kiyA 12 vibhinna rAjasabhAoM ke Ayojana ke pratyakSadRSTA AcArya rAjazekhara yaha bhalI bhA~ti jAnate the ki rAjA ke netRtva meM Ayojita sabhA ke lie sAmAnya sabhAmaNDapa kA aucitya nahIM hai| isI kAraNa unhoMne viziSTa sabhAmaNDapa kA Adarza svarUpa 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM prastuta kiyaa| 'rAjasabhA meM solaha khambhe, cAra dvAra tathA ATha barAmadeM hoM usa sabhA se lagA huA hI rAjA kA keligRha ho| sabhA ke madhya meM hI cAra khambhoM ke bIca eka hAtha U~cA maNijaTita cabUtarA ho, usa para rAjA kA Asana ho 3 tatkAlIna samAja meM sabhI bhASAoM ke kavi sammAnita the - saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA paizAcI bhASAe~ pradhAna rUpa se pracalita thIM 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM rAjadarabAra meM Ayojita sabhA kA anupama varNana prastuta hai| bhinna bhinna bhASAoM ke kaviyoM aura vibhinna kalAkAroM ke lie baiThane ke krama kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai / sarvaprathama kaviyoM kA sthAna nirdiSTa hai tatpazcAt anya kalAkAroM kA / kisa bhASA ke kavi kI paMkti - 1. antarAntarA ca kAvyagoSThIM zAstravAdAnanujAnIyAt / madhvapi nAnavadaMzam svdte| kAvyazAstraviratau vijJAniSvabhirabheta / dezAntarAgatAnAM ca viduSAmananya dvArA maGgam kArayedaucityadyAvatsthitiM pUjAM ca / vRttikAmAzcopajapet saMgRhaNIyAcca / puruSaratnAnAmeka eva rAjodanyAnbhAjanam / (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya) vAsudeva sAtavAhanazUdraka sAhasAGkAdInsakalAn sbhaaptindaanmaanaabhyaamnukuryaat| tuSTapuSTAzAsya sabhyA bhaveyuH sthAne ca pAritoSikaM labharen / lokottarasya kAvyasya ca yathAhAM pUjA kavervA / (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya) 3 sApoDazabhiH stambhaizcaturbhidvariraSTabhirmattavAraNIbhirUpetA syAt tadanulagnam rAjJaH keligRhaM madhyesabhaM catuHstambhAntarA hastamAtrotsedhA sarmANabhUmikA vedikA / tasyAM rAjAsanam / (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya) -

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[270] meM samAja ke kisa zreNI ke kalAkAra baiThate the- 'kAvyamImAMsA' se yaha jAnakara tAtkAlika samAja meM vibhinna bhASAoM ke stara tathA kramika mahatva se paricaya prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM rAjAsana ke uttara meM saMskRta kaviyoM ke baiThane ke sthAna kA nirdeza hai| saMskRta kaviyoM kI paMkti meM veda Adi ke jJAtA vidvAn, darzanazAstravettA, paurANika, dharmazAstrI, vaidya, jyotiSI Adi kA tathA isI stara ke anya vyaktiyoM kA sthAna nizcita thA rAjAsana ke pUrva meM prAkRta bhASA ke kavi tathA unake krama meM hI naTa, nartaka, gAyaka, vAdaka, kathaka, abhinetA, hAtha ke tAloM para nAcane vAle tathA anya isI zreNI ke loga baiThate the| rAjAsana ke pazcima meM apabhraMza bhASA ke kaviyoM kA tathA unakI paMkti meM citere, jar3ie, jauharI, svarNakAra, bar3haI Adi kalAkAroM ke sthAna kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| rAjAsana ke dakSiNa meM paizAcI bhASA ke kavi tathA isI krama meM viTa, vezyA, tairAka, aindrajAlika Adi kalAkAroM kA sthAna thaa| isa prakAra vidvAn, kavi aura kalApremI rAjA apanI sabhAoM meM kaviyoM tathA vidvAnoM ke sAtha samAja ke pratyeka zreNI ke kalAkAroM ko sthAna detA thaa| sabhI bhASAoM ke kaviyoM ko Adara prApta thaa| kaviyoM tathA kalAkAroM kA aisA sammAna pratyeka yuga meM unake protsAhana hetu anivArya honA caahiye| AcArya rAjazekhara ne jaise kAvyadarabAra kA pratyakSadarzana kiyA thA, use hI sambhavata: 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM prastuta kiyA, kintu yaha sUkSma vivecana tatkAlIna sAhityakAroM, kalAkAroM Adi kI vAstavika sthiti kA paricAyaka hone ke kAraNa bahuta upayogI hai| tasya cottarataH saMskRtAH kavayo nivizeran bahubhASAkavitve yo yatrAdhikaM pravINaH sa tena vyapadizyate / yastvanakatra pravINaH sa saMkramya tatra tatropavizet / tataH paraM vedavidyAvidaH prAmANikA: paurANikA : smArttA bhiSajo mauhUrttikA anye'pi tathAvidhAH / pUrveNa prAkRtA: kavayaH tataH paraM naTanartakagAyanavAdanavANjIvanakuzIlavatAlAvacarA anye'pi tathAvidhA pazcimenApabhraMzinaH kavayaH tataH paraM citralepyakRto mANikyabandhakAvaikaTikAH svarNakAravarddhakilohakArA anye'pi tathA vidhAH / dakSiNato bhUtabhASA kavayaH, tataH paraM bhujaGgagaNikAplavakazaubhikajambhakamallAH zastropajIvino'nye'pi tathAvidhAH / (kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya)

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[271] AcArya rAjazekhara kevala vidvAn aura kavi purUSa samAja se hI paricita nahIM the| tatkAlIna samAja meM unhoMne striyoM kA bhI purUSoM ke samAna hI adhikAroM se susajjita rUpa dekhA thaa| unake samaya meM aneka striyA~ viduSI tathA kavayitrI thiiN| unakI patnI avantisundarI mahatI viduSI ke rUpa meM samAja meM sammAnita thii| rAjakumAriyoM tathA maMtriyoM kI putriyoM tathA samAja ke sabhI vargoM kI striyoM meM vidvatA tathA kavitva dekhA gayA thaa| isa prakAra rAjA ke saMrakSaNa meM sampUrNa samAja sAhityika mahimA se maNDita thaa| vidvAnoM kI saMGgati tathA svavidvatA rAjA ko vinIta banAkara usakA tathA usakI prajA kA mahAn upakAra karatI thii| kauTilya ne bhI 'arthazAstra' meM rAjA ko zikSA dete hue yaha tathya svIkAra kiyA thA2 1. purUSavat yoSito'pi kavibhaveyuH / zrUyante dRzyante ca rAjaputryo mahAmAtyaduhitaro gaNikAH kautukibhAryAzca zAstraprahatabuddhayaH kvyshc| (kAvyamImAMsA - dazama adhyAya) 2 nityaM vidyAvRddhasaMyogo vinaya vRddhyrthm| 11 / vidyAvinIto rAjA hi prajAnAm vinaye rtH| ananyAM pRthivIM bhutaM sarvabhUtahite rata 117 / prathama vinayAdhikArikam dvitIya prakaraNa (vRddhasaMyoga) arthazAstra (kauTilya) bhAga-1

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saptama adhyAya kAvyamImAMsA meM deza tathA kAla vivecana deza tathA kAla ke samyak jJAna ke abhAva meM kaviyoM kI mUr3hatA aura vivazatA kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI hai, isI kAraNa kAvyanirmANa se pUrva unheM deza tathA kAla kA pUrNa jJAna prApta karanA caahie| yadi kavi deza aura kAla kA ucita nirIkSaNa nahIM karate to unakA kAvya rasa aura bhAva ke anukUla nahIM ho sakatA / bharatamuni ne nATyazAstra meM deza aura kAla kA bhalI bhAMti nirIkSaNa karane ke pazcAt hI nATya prayoga karane kA nirdeza diyA hai|1 deza aura kAla ke aucitya ke prati sAvadhAna na rahanA kAvya ke doSoM ke antargata svIkRta hai| AcArya bhAmaha ke anusAra deza, kAla, kalA, loka Adi virodhI varNanoM kI doSasaMjJA hai jo deza meM dravyasambhUti ho usakA upadeza na karanA dravyasambhUti doSa hai| SaD RtuoM ke bheda se kAla chaH prakAra kA hai| usake viruddha varNana kAla virodhI doSa kahalAtA hai / 2 AcArya rudraTa kI dhAraNA hai ki kevala rasaparatantra hokara deza kAla Adi se niyamita padArthoM meM svarUpa parivartana ucita nahIM hai / anyathA varNanoM meM nirdoSatva kevala utanA hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, jitanA satkaviparamparAoM meM ullikhita ho / 3 AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcArya bhojarAja ne bhI dezakAla ke viruddha varNana ko pratyakSa virodhI doSa kI saMjJA dI hai| dezasampadA arthAt pura, upavana, rASTra, samudra, Azrama | 1. evaM kAlaM ca dezaM ca samIkSya ca balAbalam / nityaM nATyaM prayuJjIta yathAbhAvam yathArasam / 161 2. dezakAlakalAlokanyAyAgamavirodhi ca pratijJAhetudRSTAntahInaM duSTaM ca neSyate / 2 / yA deze dravyasambhUtirapi vA nopadizyate tat tadvirodhi vijJeyaM svabhAvAt tadyathocyate / 29 / SaNNAmRtUnAM bhedena kAlaH SoDheva bhidyate tadvirodhakRdityAhurviparyAsAdidaM yathA / 311 nATyazAstra - saptaviMza adhyAya kAvyAlaGkAra (bhAmaha) caturtha pariccheda 3. sarvaH svaM svaM rUpaM dhatte'rtho dezakAlaniyamaM ca / taM ca na khalu badhnIyAnniSkAraNamanyathAtirasAt 1 71 sukaviparamparayA ciramavigItatayAnyathA nibaddhaM yat / vastu tadanyAdRzamapi badhnIyAttatprasiddhayaiva 18 | kAvyAlaGkAra (rudraTa) - saptama adhyAya

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[273] Adi kA varNana prabandha ke rasotkarSa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| Rtu rAtri dina, sUrya, candra, udaya, astAdi ke varNana se yukta kAla kAvyoM ke rasapoSaNa meM sahAyaka hotA hai| 1 deza aura kAla kA vibhAga karane vAlA kavi arthadarzana kI dRSTi se daridra nahIM rahatA 12 ataH kavizikSA se sambaddha grantha 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne navIna kavi ko deza aura kAla kA jJAna pradAna karane ke lie sampUrNa adhyAyoM kI racanA kI hai| deza sambandhI adhyAya kavi ko tatkAlIna bhaugolika sthiti kA paricaya detA hai| isa viSaya kA kavi ke lie sarvaprathama vyavasthita vivecana 'kAvyamImAMsA' kI maulikatA kA paricAyaka hai| yadyapi mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke 'raghuvaMzam ' mahAkAvya se bhI bhAratIya bhUgola kA kAvyamaya sundara paricaya prApta hotA hai, kintu kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM isa prakAra kA bhaugolika paricaya saMskRta sAhitya meM apUrva hai / bhAratavarSa kA saMkSipta bhUgola 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM upalabdha hai, kintu vistRta bhaugolika paricaya ke lie AcArya rAjazekhara ne sambhavata: 'bhuvanakoza' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| durbhAgyavaza yaha grantha aba upalabdha nahIM hai| 3 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kaviyoM ke lie prastuta kAlavivecana bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ke sUkSma nirIkSaNa tathA maulika varNanA zakti kA paricaya detA hai| unakI dRSTi meM kavi kI sAvadhAnatA hI kAvyanirmANakAla meM usakA bhUSaNa hai| kAla evam RtuoM se sambaddha jJAna ke na hone para kavi aise aneka pramAda kara sakate haiM, jo unakI sabhI vizeSatAoM ko naSTa karake unake kAvya ko doSamaya banA dete haiN| 1. yo dezakAlalokAdipratIpaH ko'pi dRzyate / tamAmananti pratyakSavirodhaM zuddhabuddhayaH / 55 sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja) prathama pariccheda puropavanarASTrAdisamudrAzramavarNanaiH dezasampatprabandhasya rasotkarSAya kalpate / 1311 RturAtrindivAkaindUdayAstamayavarNanaiH kAlaH kAvyeSu sampanno rasapuSTim niyacchati / 132 1 sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa (bhojarAja) pacama pariccheda (kAvyamImAMsA saptadaza adhyAya) 2. dezaM kAlaM ca vibhajamAnaH kavirnArthadarzanadizi daridrAti / 3. itthaM dezavibhAgo mudrAmAtreNa sUtritaH sudhiyAm yastu jigISatyadhikaM pazyatu madadbhuvanakozamasau / (kAvyamImAMsA saptadaza adhyAya) -

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[274] kAla viSayoM meM siddha, kAla se pUrNa paricita kavi mahAkavi hote haiN| kAla tathA usakI vibhinna RtuoM ke varNya viSayoM kA kavi ko 'kAvyamImAMsA' se vistRta paricaya prApta hotA hai| sampUrNa prakRti kA samyak sUkSma nirIkSaNa karane ke pazcAt AcArya rAjazekhara ne usI prakRti kI samasta sAmagriyoM ko unake sundaratama, vyavasthita rUpa meM kaviyoM ke samakSa prastuta kiyA, jisase ki kavi apane kAvyoM meM kAla sambandhI doSoM se dUra raha skeN| deza vivecana navIM aura dasavIM zatAbdI meM bhAratavarSa kI bhaugolika dazA kA 'kAvyamImAMsA' se paricaya prApta hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne vibhinna lokoM, mahAdvIpoM, sAgaroM evam parvatoM kA bhI vistRta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unakA dezavarNana uttara meM turkistAna se lekara dakSiNa meM laMkA taka tathA pUrva meM siMgApura aura barmA se lekara pazcima meM IrAna taka vizAla bhU-bhAga kA citra prastuta karatA hai| loka vibhAga : 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM bhUr, bhuvar, svar, mahar, janas, tapas aura satya - sAta loka, sAta vAyuskandha (antarikSa meM sthita pravaha, nivaha Adi vAyu ke sthAna arthAt vAyusamUha), sAta pAtAla (atala, vitala, sutala, talAtala, mahAtala, rasAtala aura pAtAla)- isa prakAra gaNanA karake ikkIsa loka varNita haiN| kucha logoM ke anusAra dyAvApRthvI rUpa eka hI loka hai| dyAvApRthvI kA artha bhUmi aura antarikSa athavA martya tathA svargaloka hai| eka anya mata dyAvApRthvI (svargya aura martya) ko do jagat mAnatA hai| tRtIya mata svarga, martya tathA pAtAla ina tIna lokoM ko svIkAra karatA haiN| tInoM lokoM ke bhUr, bhuvar tathA svar nAma haiN| ina tInoM lokoM sahita mahar, janas, tapas aura satya - yaha cAra loka aura 1. anusandhAnazUnyasya bhUSaNaM duussnnaayte| sAvadhAnasya ca kaverdUSaNaM bhuussnnaayte|| iti kAlavibhAgasya darzitA vRttiriidRshii| kaveriha mahAnmoha iha siddho mahAkaviH / / (kAvyamImAMsA daza adhyAya)

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[275] haiM-- isa prakAra sAta lokoM kI bhI dhAraNA hai| sAta loka aura sAta vAyu skandha milAkara caudaha lokoM kI bhI mAnyatA hai| caudaha bhuvanoM kI saMkhyA sAta pAtAloM se milakara ikkIsa ho jAtI hai| lokoM kI saMkhyA kA spaSTa svarUpa hindI abhinavabhAratI ke prAcIna brahmANDa vibhAga meM bhI prApta hotA hai| hindI abhinavabhAratI meM prAcIna brahmANDa vibhAga : prAcIna bhUgola zAstriyoM ne sAre brahmANDa ko sAta bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA thA, jinako ve sapta loka kahate the| isa vibhAjana meM bhUmaNDala ke madhya meM eka atyanta vizAla aura samunnata parvata kI sthiti mAnI gaI hai| isa parvata ko unhoMne sumeru parvata kA nAma diyA hai| lokoM ke vibhAjana meM isa sumeru parvata kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| samudratala aura usake bhI nIce jahA~ taka sRSTi kI sthiti hai vahA~ se lekara bhUmaNDalavartI isa sumeru parvata ke sarvocca zikhara paryanta bhUloka kI sImA mAnI jAtI hai / sumeru parvata ke sarvocca zikhara se Upara dhruvatArA taka antarikSa loka kI sImA hai| yaha dUsarA loka hai| isake Upara pA~ca loka aura haiN| ina sabako milAkara 'svarloka' isa eka sAmAnya nAma se kahA jAtA hai| - isa prakAra (1) bhUloka, (2) bhuvarloka yA antarikSa loka ( 3 ) svarloka ina tIna lokoM yA bhuvanoM ke rUpa meM jo brahmANDa kA saMkSipta vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai vaha 'tribhuvana' nAma se vikhyAta hai aura svarloka ke madhya Ane vAle pA~coM lokoM kI gaNanA alaga-alaga karane para jo brahmANDa kA sAta bhAgoM meM vibhAjana ho jAtA hai usako 'saptaloka' ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai| svarloka ke antargata pA~ca loka isa prakAra se sthita haiM ki bhUloka aura antarikSa loka ke bAda jaba svarlokoM kI sImA prArambha hotI hai to unameM sabase pahile mahendraloka AtA hai| ise svarlokoM meM sabase pahile hone se mukhya rUpa se svarloka kahA jAtA hai| isake bAda cauthA prAjApatya loka AtA hai isako maharloka nAma se kahA jAtA hai| isake Upara janaloka, tapoloka aura satyaloka nAma se tIna brahmaloka Ate haiN| ina sabako milAkara sAta loka ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra brahmANDa kA sUkSmatama vibhAga tIna bhavanoM ke rUpa meM aura usakI apekSA adhika vistRta vibhAga sAta lokoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai|

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[276] yoga darzana ke vyAsa bhASya meM vibhUtipAda ke 'bhuvanajJAnaM sUrye saMyamAt' isa 3-26veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM brahmANDa vibhAjana - 'tatprastAraH sptlokaaH| tatrAvIceH prabhRti merupRSThaM yAvadityeSa bhuurlokH| merupRSThAdArabhya AdhruvAd grhnksstrtaaraavicitro'ntriksslokH| tatpara: svarlokaH pnycvidhH| mAhendrastRtIyo lokH| caturtho prAjApatyo mhrlokH| trividho brAhmaH tadyathA - janalokastapolokaH satyalokaH iti| bhUloka ko 14 vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| inameM bhUmaNDala sabase mukhya sabase Upara kA bhAga hai| zeSa teraha loka isa bhUmi ke nIce sthita haiN| inameM sabase antima sImA ko 'AvIci' kahA jAtA hai| ''AvIci' se prArambha hone vAle chaH loka 'mahAnaraka' isa sAmAnya nAma se kahe jAte haiN| inake alaga-alaga nAma (1) ghana, (2) salila, (3) anila, (4) anala, (5) AkAza aura (6) tama kahe gae haiN| inake dUsare nAma kramazaH mahAkAla, ambarISa, raurava, mahAraurava, tAmistra aura andhatAmistra bhI kahe jAte haiM - ina cha: narakalokoM ke bAda sAta pAtAlaloka Ate haiN| ina caudahoM ko milAkara 'bhUloka' kahalAtA hai| hindI abhinava bhAratI (bhUmikA) isa prakAra loka kI saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para eka se lekara ikkIsa taka varNita hai, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara lokasaMkhyA ke varNana ke prasaGga meM kavi kI icchA ko sarvopari mAnate haiN| koI bhI vastu sAmAnya varNana kI icchA hone para aneka rUpoM meM varNita ho sakatI hai| vibhinna purANoM se bhI lokoM kI saMkhyA kA jJAna prApta hotA hai| vAyupurANa tIna saMkhyA vAlI vastuoM ke sAtha tIna lokoM kA ullekha karatA 1. jagajjagadekadezAzca deshH| dyAvApRthivyAtmakamekaM jgdityeke|------ 'divaspRthivyau dve jagatI' itypre|------- 'svaya'martyapAtAlabhedAstrINi jaganti' ityeke--------'tAnyeva bhUrbhuvaH svaH' ityanye ------- 'maharjanastapaH satyamityetaiH saha sapta' itypre| -------- 'tAni saptabhirvAyuskandhaiH saha caturdaza' iti kecit| -------- tAni saptabhiH pAtAlaiH sahakaviMzati' iti kecit| -------- 'sarvamupapannam' iti yaayaavriiyH| avizeSavivakSA yadekayati, vishessvivkssaatvnekyti| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya)

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[277] haiM to isI purANa meM zivapuravarNana ke prasaGga meM sAta lokoM tathA unake nivAsiyoM kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai / 1 bhaviSyapurANa meM bhI sAta lokoM tathA sAta pAtAloM kA ullekha hai| mahaloMka, janoloka tathA brahmaloka meM pahu~cakara brahmatva prApti kA varNana hai / 2 bhUloka : : AcArya rAjazekhara ke anusAra pRthvI bhUloka hai, usameM sAta mahAdvIpa haiN| saba dvIpoM meM madhya meM jambU dvIpa hai / jambU dvIpa ke anantara kramaza: plakSa, zAlmalI, kuza, krauJca, zAka aura puSkara dvIpa haiN| dvIpoM kI yaha sthiti bAhara bAhara maMDalI ke rUpa meM hai| 3 samudra : 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM sAtoM mahAdvIpoM ko ghere hue sAta samudroM kA ullekha hai| yaha lavaNajala, ikSurasa, surA, ghRta, dUdha, dadhi aura madhura jala ke sAta samudra haiN| kAvya meM eka lavaNa samudra, tIna samudra, 1. trayo varNAstrayo lokAstraividyaM pAvakAstrayaH traikAlyaM trINi karmANi tistro mAyAstrayo guNAH / 33 / ( vAyupurANa adhyAya 59 dvitIya khaNDa) - vyaktAni tu pravakSyAmi sthAnAnyetAni sapta vai bhUlakaH prathamasteSAM dvitIyastu bhuvaH smRtaH / 16 svastRtIyastu vijJeyazcaturtho vai mahaH smRtaH / janastu paJcamo lokastapaH SaSTho vibhAvyate / 17 satyantu saptamo loko nirAlokastataH param (vAyupurANa, dvitIya khaNDa, adhyAya 63 zivapuravarNana) - 2. bhUrloko'tha bhuvarloka: svarlokazca prakIrtitaH / janastapazca satyaM ca brahmalokazca saptamaH / 14 / pAtAlaM vitalaM viddhi atalaM talameva ca paJcamaM viddhi sutalaM saptamaM ca rasAtalam / 15 / (bhaviSya purANa- bhAga maharlokAjjanolokaM brahmalokaM ca gacchati brahmatvaM ca mahAbAho yAti vipro na saMzayaH / 116 | - 1, madhyama parva, brahmANDotpatti vistAra varNana ) (bhaviSyapurANa bhAga 1, brAhma parva sRSTi varNana ) - 3. teSu bhUrlokaH pRthivI / tatra saptamahAdvIpAH / yathA "jambUdvIpaH sarvamadhye tatazca plakSo nAmnA zAlmalo'taH kuzo'taH / kraucaH zAkaH puSkarazcetyathaiSAM bAhyA saMsthitirmaNDalIbhiH // " (kAvyamImAMsA saptadaza adhyAya)

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[278] cAra samudra aura sAta samudra - isa prakAra samudroM kI saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna varNita hai| kintu kavi ke bhinna abhiprAyoM ke kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara sabhI kA aucitya svIkAra karate haiN|| jambUdvIpa tathA usase sambaddha varSa parvata tathA deza : saba dvIpoM ke madhya meM jambUdvIpa sthita hai| isa dvIpa meM jambU kA vizAla vRkSa, jambU nAma kA parvata aura jambU nAma kI nadI bhI hai| viSNu purANa ke anusAra isa dvIpa meM utpanna jambU vRkSa hI isake jambU dvIpa nAma kA kAraNa hai / yaha jambUdvIpa lavaNa samudra se ghirA hai| kAvyamImAMsA meM jambUdvIpa ke madhya meM parvatoM ke prathama rAjA suvarNamaya meru parvata kA ullekha hai| vaha bhagavAn sumeru prathama varSa parvata hai| usake cAroM ora ilAvRtta varSa hai / viSNupurANa meM jambUdvIpa ke sAta bhedoM ke atirikta do anya varSoM - bhadrAzva tathA ketumAla - tathA unake madhya ilAvRtta varSa kA ullekha hai| jambUdvIpa ke uttara meM kramazaH nIla, zveta tathA zRMGgavAn nAma ke tIna varSa parvata aura ramyaka, hiraNmaya tathA uttarakuru deza haiM / / nIlagiri kA sambandha ramyaka varSa se hai, zvetagiri hiraNmaya varSa se sambaddha hai tathA zrRGgavAn uttarakuruvarSa kA varSaparvata hai| hindI abhinavabhAratI meM saMkalita bhU-maNDala vibhAjana meM ramyaka varSa vartamAna sivayAMga 1. "lAvaNo rasamaya: surodakaH sArpiSo dadhijalaH payaH pyaaH| svAduvArirudadhizca saptamastAnparItya ta ime vyvsthitaaH||" ---------------------- 'bhinnAbhiprAyatayA sarvamupapannam' iti yaayaavriiyH| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 2. ekAdazazatAyAmAH pAdapAH giriketavaH jambUdvIpasya sA jmbuurnaamheturmhaamune| 181 viSNupurANa, dvitIya aMza, a0 - 2 3. madhye jambUdvIpamAdyo girINAM merunAmnA kaanycnshailraajH| ------------------------------------- sa bhagavAnmerurAyo vrssprvtH| tasya caturdizamilAvRttaM vrssm| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 4. "bhadrAzvaM pUrvato mero: ketumAlaM ca pazcime varSe dve tu munizreSTha tyormdhymilaavRtt|" viSNupurANa, dvi0a0 (2/23) 5. tasyottareNa trayo varSagirayaH, nIlaH, zveta zrRGgavAMzca ramyakam, hiraNmayam, uttarAH, kuravaH iti ca krameNa triinnitpaaNvrssaanni| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya)

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[279] tathA eziyAI rUsa kA, hiraNmaya varSa maMgoliyA kA aura uttara kuruvarSa sAiberiyA ke prAcIna nAma haiM / / aneka sthAnoM para uttarakuru kI pahacAna tibbata aura pUrvI turkistAna se bhI kI gaI hai| jambUdvIpa ke dakSiNa meM niSadha, hemakUTa tathA himavAn nAmaka tIna varSa parvata varNita haiN| niSadhavarSaparvata se harivarSa sambaddha hai, hamakUTa varSaparvata se kiMpuruSa varSa tathA himavAn varSa parvata se bhArata varSa sambaddha hai| bhAratavarSa : 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita jambUdvIpa ke dakSiNa meM himavAn varSa parvata se sambaddha bhAratavarSa kI sthiti viSNupurANa bhI himAlaya se dakSiNa meM nizcita karatA hai| vAyupurANa tathA mArkaNDeyapurANa meM bhI isI prakAra bhAratavarSa kA varNana milatA hai 3 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhAratavarSa ke nau bheda kie haiM - indradvIpa, kaserumAn, tAmraparNa, gabhastimAn, nAgadvIpa, saumya, gandharva, varuNadvIpa aura kumaariidviip| bhAratavarSa ke yaha bheda viSNupurANa tathA vAyupurANa para AdhArita haiN| viSNupurANa meM navama sthAna para kumArIdvIpa kA nAma na hokara sAgara se ghire hue dvIpa kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai|4 1. " 'uttarakuru' Aja kA sAiberiyA pradeza pratIta hotA hai| altAI parvata ke samIpa kA maMgoliyA Adi kA pradeza apane nivAsiyoM ke pItavarNa ke kAraNa 'hiraNyadeza' nAma se prAcIna kAla meM kahA jAtA thaa| dhyAnazAMga parvata kA samIpavartI sivayAMga tathA eziyAI rUsa kA pradeza 'ramaNaka' nAma se kahA gayA hai|" (hindI abhinavabhAratI meM saMkalita bhUmaNDala vibhAjana) 2. dakSiNenApi traya eva niSadho hemakUTo himavAMzca / harivarSa, kimpuruSaM, bhAratamiti ca trINi vrssaanni| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 3. (ka) uttaraM yatsamudrasya himAdrezcaiva dakSiNam varSa tadbhArataM nAma bhAratI yatra snttiH|| viSNu purANa (2/3/1) (kha) dakSiNAparato hyasya pUrveNa ca mahodadhi: himavAnuttareNAsya kArmukasya yathA gunnH|| mArkaNDeya purANa (47) 4. (ka) tatredaM bhArataM varSamasya ca nava bhedaaH| indradvIpaH, kaserumAna, tAmraparNo, gabhastimAna, nAgadvIpaH, saumyo, gandharvo, varuNaH kumArIdvIpazcAyaM nvmH| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) (kha) bhAratasyAsya varSasya nava bhedAnnizAmaya indradvIpaH, kazeruzca, tAmraparNo gabhastimAn // nAgadvIpastathA saumyo gandharvastvatha vAruNaH ayam tu navamasteSAM dvIpaH saagrsNvRttH| viSNupurANa ( 2/3/67)

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[280] bhAratavarSa ke nau bheda : (ka) indradvIpa :- bhArata ke pUrva meM sthita vartamAna brmaadviip| yaha kabhI bhArata kA aGga thaa| (kha) kaserumAn :- vartamAna siNgaapur| (ga) tAmraparNa :- yaha sIlona kA pradeza hai| tAmraparNI madrAsa rAjya ke tinnaivellI jile kI eka nadI kA nAma hai (bhAratIya itihAsa koza - saccidAnanda bhaTTAcArya - pRSTha - 187) / ata: DA0 bI0ena0 purI tAmraparNI nadI dvArA siMcita, madrAsa rAjya ke tinnaivellI jile ke bhUkhaNDa ko tAmraparNa mAnate haiN| (gha) gabhastimAn :- bhArata ke dakSiNa-pazcima pradeza kA eka bhaag| (Ga) nAgadvIpa:- pazcimI bhArata meM hai| (ca) saumya:- isakI sthiti bhArata ke dakSiNa-pazcima kI ora hai| (cha) gandharvadvIpa :- kAbula, gAndhAra Adi deza gandharvadvIpa haiN| (ja) varuNadvIpa:- varuNadvIpa kI pahacAna vartamAna borniyo se kI gaI hai| (jha) kumArIdvIpa :- yaha himAlaya se kanyAkumArI antarIpa taka phailA huA vistRta bhUbhAga hai| pUrva meM cIna kA kucha bhAga (AsAma kI ora) tathA pazcima-uttara meM phArasa, aphagAnistAna Adi kumArIdvIpa ke hI janapada the| (ina dvIpoM kI vartamAna sthiti 'kAvyamImAMsA' pariziSTa bhAga-2 se jJAta kI gaI hai)| ina nau dvIpoM kA pA~ca sau bhAga jala tathA pA~ca bhAga sthala hai| pratyeka ,dvIpa kI sImA eka sahastra yojana hai / ye dakSiNa samudra se himAlaya taka phaile hue haiM tathA paraspara agamya haiN| bhAratavarSa ke sabhI dvIpoM para jo vijaya prApta karatA hai vaha samrAT kahalAtA hai| bhAratavarSa ke ina nau dvIpoM meM vartamAna laMkA, sIlona, malAyA, jAvA, sumAtrA, barmA, cIna aura turkistAna kA bhAga Adi sammilita the| 1 paJcazatAni jalaM, paJca sthalamiti vibhAgena pratyekaM yojanasahastrAvadhayo dakSiNAtsamudrAdadrirAjam himavantaM yaavtprsprmgmyaaste| tAnyetAni yo jayati sa smraaddityucyte| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza apAya)

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[281] cakravarti kSetra :- kumArIdvIpa se bindusara taka eka sahastra yojana kA bhAga cakravarti kSetra kahA jAtA hai| isa sampUrNa kSetra kA vijetA cakravartI kahalAtA hai|| kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM bhI cakravarti kSetra kI sImA yahI hai -- 'deza pRthvI hai, usameM himavAn aura samudra ke madhya kA udIcIna (uttarIya) eka hajAra yojana parimANa kA sIdhA bhAga cakravarti kSetra hai| 2 cakravartikSetra ke sImA nirdhAraNa meM ullikhita vindusara himAlaya kA eka gupta sarovara hai| yaha gaGgA nadI ke udgama prasiddha gaGgotrI ke sthAna se do mIla dakSiNa kI ora hai| sampUrNa cakravartI kSetra para vijaya prApta karane vAlA cakravartI kahalAtA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne viSNupurANa (2/3) aura vAyupurANa (45/88) ke samAna sAta cakravarti cihnoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| yaha cihna haiM cakra, ratha, maNi, bhAryA, nidhi, azva aura gaja 3 kumArIdvIpa ke sAta kulaparvata : 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kumArIdvIpa ke sAta kula parvatoM kA bhI nAmollekha hai - vindhya, pAriyAtra, zuktimAn, RkSaparvata, mahendra, sahya, malaya meM (ka) vindhya :- vindhya parvatamAlA kI vaha zAkhA jisakA nAma satapur3A hai| yaha tAptI aura narmadA kA madhyabhAga hai| (kha) pAriyAtra :- kaccha kI khAr3I kI ora vindhya parvatamAlA kA eka bhaag| kucha vidvAn isako himAlaya kI zivAlaka parvatamAlA bhI mAnate haiN| 1. kumArIpurAtprabhRtibindusaro'vadhi yojanAnAM dazazatI cakravartikSetram tAM vijayamAnazcakravartI bhvti| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 2. dezaH pRthvI / 17 / tasyAM himavatsamudrAntaramudIcInaM yojanasahastraparimANaM tiryak cakravartikSetram / 18 / arthazAstra (kauTilya) bhAga ek| navamadhikaraNa - abhiyAsyatkarma paJcatriMzacchatatamaM prkrnnm| 3. cakravarticihnAni tu - "cakraM ratho maNirbhAryA nidhirazvo gjstthaa| proktAni sapta ratnAni sarveSAM ckrvrtinaam|" (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 4. atra ca kumArIdvIpe - "vindhyazca pAriyAtrazca zaktimAnRkSaparvata:mahendrasahyamalayAH saptaite kulprvtaaH||" (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya)

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hai| [282] (ga) zuktimAn :- himAlaya parvatazreNI kA eka bhAga hai, nepAla kI himAlaya sthita zAkhA (gha) RkSaparvata :- vindhya parvatamAlA kA eka bhAga hai aura narmadA nadI kA udgama sthAna hai| isakA Adhunika nAma satapur3A hai| (Ga) mahendra :- mahAnadI aura godAvarI ke madhya kA pUrvI ghATa mahendramAlA se vyApta hai| (ca) sahA : dakSiNa bhArata kA yaha prasiddha parvata pazcimI ghATa para sthita hai| isake dakSiNa kI aura kAverI aura uttara kI ora godAvarI bahatI hai / (cha) malaya :- yaha kAverI ke dakSiNa taka phailA hai| maisUra se TrAvanakora taka phailI huI parvatamAlA kA nAma malaya zreNI hai ( kumArIdvIpa ke ina sAta kulaparvatoM kI vartamAna sthiti kA kAvyamImAMsA pariziSTa bhAga 2 ke AdhAra para ullekha kiyA gayA hai) malaya parvata ke cAra bheda haiN| ina malaya parvatoM se dakSiNa pavana uttara kI ora bahatA hai|1 - AryAvarta :AcArya rAjazekhara ne kaviyoM ke vyavahAra hetu AryAvarta ke cAra varNoM cAra AzramoM kI vyavasthA tathA isa vyavasthA para AdhArita sadAcAra ko vizeSa mahatva diyA hai| yaha AryAvarta pUrva aura pazcima samudra ke tathA himAlaya aura vindhya ke madhya meM sthita hai manusmRti meM bhI AryAvarta kI sthiti pUrvI samudra se pazcimI samudra taka do parvatoM ke bIca meM svIkAra kI gaI hai / isa prakAra 1. tatra vindhyAdayaH pratItasvarUpA malayavizeSAstu catvAraH / pravartate kokilanAdahetuH puSpaprasUH paJcama janmadAyI tebhyazcatubhrbhyo'pi vasantamitramudaGmukho dakSiNamAtarizvA // (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 2. pUrvAparayoH samudrayorhimavadvindhyayozcAntaramAryAvarttaH tasmiMzcAturvarNyaM cAturAzramyaM ca / tanmUlazca sadAcAraH / tatratyo vyavahAraH prAyeNa kavInAm / (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 3. A samudrAttu vai pUrvAdAsamudrAcca pazcimAt tayorevAntaraM giryorAyAvartaM vidurbudhAH / 22 (manusmRti dvitIya adhyAya)

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[283] AryAvarta uttara bhArata kA vaha vizAla bhAga hai jo uttara meM himAlaya se dakSiNa meM vindhya taka phailA huA hai| sampUrNa bhArata ke pA~ca vibhAga : apane sUkSma bhaugolika nirIkSaNa ko prastuta karate hue AcArya rAjazekhara ne sampUrNa bhArata ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara tatkAlIna navIna kaviyoM ko deza kA sampUrNa paricaya diyaa| kAvyamImAMsA se hI tatkAlIna bhArata ke pA~ca khaNDa aura unameM antarnihita janapada, nadiyoM, parvata tathA vahA~ kI utpAdya vastuoM ke viSaya meM paryApta jAnakArI milatI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne yaha vibhAjana isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai - cAra dizAoM ke cAra bhAga tathA eka madhya bhaag|1 kAnyakubja ko kendrabindu mAnakara bhAratavarSa ke uttarApatha, dakSiNApatha, pUrvadeza, pazcAddeza tathA madhyadeza isa prakAra pA~ca bhAga haiN| manusmRti meM himAlaya aura vindhya ke madhya kA, vinazana se pUrva kA, prayAga se pazcima kA bhAga madhyadeza hai| pUrvadeza AryAvarta meM vArANasI se pUrva dizA meM pUrva deza kA ullekha hai| pUrvI bhArata arthAt banArasa se AsAma aura barmA taka bhArata kA bRhat bhU-bhAga pUrvadeza kahalAtA thaa| pUrvadeza ke janapada : aGga, kaliGga, kosala, tosala, utkala, magadha, mudgara, videha, nepAla, puNDra, prAgjyotiSa, tAmraliptaka, malada, mallavartaka, suhya, brahmottara aadi| vAyupurANa meM turvasa ke vaMzadharoM ke varNana ke prasaGga meM aGga Adi janapadoM kA ullekha hai / 1. teSAM madhye madhyadeza iti kvivyvhaarH| na cA'yaM nAnugantA shaastraarthsy| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 2. himavadvindhyayormadhyaM ytpraagvinshnaadpi| pratyageva prayAgAcca madhyadezaH prkiirtitH| 211 (manusmRti - dvitIya adhyAya) 3. aGgaMsa janayAmAsa vaGgaM suhyaM tathaiva ca / puNDraM kaliGgazca tathA bAleyaM ksstrmucyte| 281 vAyupurANa - adhyAya 61, (anuSaGgapAdasamApti)

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pUrvadeza ke janapadoM kI vartamAna sthiti : aGgaH- bhAgalapura se muMgera taka phaile hue pUrvI bihAra kA prAcIna nAma hai| kaliGga : taTa para phailA huA hai| [284] kiyA hai| sthita hai| kaliGga uttara meM ur3IsA se dakSiNa meM Andhra yA godAvarI ke muhAne taka samudra kosala :- yaha avadha rAjya kA dakSiNI bhAga hai| isakI rAjadhAnI kuzAvatI hai| tosala :- yaha kozala kA dakSiNI bhAga hai| yaha ur3IsA meM bhuvanezvara ke pAsa purI jilA ke antargata 'dhaulI' kSetra hai / utkala :- * vartamAna ur3IsA pradeza Adhunika purI aura bhuvanezvara kA kSetra hai| magadha :- yaha dakSiNI bihAra hai| gayA bhI isI janapada kA aGga hai| videha : bihAra prAnta kA tirahuta janapada yaha magadha ke uttara meM hai| nepAla : AcArya rAjazekhara ne nepAla deza tathA nepAla parvata ko pUrvI bhArata meM sammilita puNDra :- yaha puNDravardhana nAma se prasiddha hai| vartamAna bogarA jile kA mahAsthAnagar3ha nAmaka grAma puNDra janapada meM thaa| prAgjyotiSa :- AsAma prAnta kI rAjadhAnI kAmarUpa yA kAmAkSA arthAt Adhunika gauhATI hai| tAmraliptaka :- isa sthAna para dakSiNI pazcimI baMgAla ke midanApura jile kA tAmaluka nagara malada :- * zAhAbAda jile kA eka bhAga jo bihAra prAnta meM hai / mallavartaka :- bihAra ke hajArIbAga aura mAnabhUmi jiloM kA bhU-bhAga hai tathA pArzvanAtha hila ke nAma se prasiddha hai|

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[285]] suhya :- yaha baMgAla kI khAr3I ke samIpa kA sthAna hai| vartamAna midanApura, hugalI aura bardavAna Adi jile suhya meM theN| brahmottara :- yaha barmA kA uttarI bhAga hai| pUrvadeza ke parvata, nadiyA~ tathA utpAdya vastue~ : 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM pUrvadeza ke bRhadgRha, lohitagiri, cakora, dardura, nepAla, kAmarUpa Adi parvatoM, zoNa aura lohita nadoM tathA gaGgA, karatoyA, kapizA Adi nadiyoM kA bhI nAmollekha hai| tatkAlIna bhArata ke pUrva deza meM lavalI, granthiparNaka, agurU, drAkSA, kastUrI Adi utpanna hote the| pUrvadeza ke parvata aura nadiyoM ke Adhunika nAma : bRhadgRha :- himAlaya kI pUrvIya zreNI meM gaurIzaGkarazrRGga kA nAma hai| lohitagiri :- yaha himAlaya parvatamAlA kI pUrvI zreNI meM hai| cakora :- mirjApura jile kI caraNAdri yA cunAra zrRMkhalA hai| dardura :- vindhya parvata ke pUrvI bhAga meM avasthita devagar3ha nAmaka zikhara / nepAla :- nepAla deza kI uttarI sImA meM sthita himAlaya kI prvtmaalaa| kAmarUpa :- AsAma sthita himAlaya kI zreNI kAmarUpa hai| nIlagiri kA dUsarA nAma hai| zoNanada :- yaha goMDavAnA se nikalakara paTanA se pazcima meM manera ke samIpa gaGgA se milatA hai| lauhitya nada :- brahmaputra nada kA hI nAma hai| isakI lambAI 1800 kosa hai| gaGgA nadI :- gaGgotrI se do mIla Upara bindusara se nikalane vAlI prasiddha ndii| karatoyA :- yaha nadI baMgAla ke paMgapura, dInAjapura aura bogarA jile meM bahatI huI gaGgA ke DelTA ke pAsa brahmaputra se milatI hai|

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[286] kapizA : yaha vartamAna ur3IsA prAnta ke siMhabhUmi jile kI suvarNarekhA yA kasayA nadI ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| isakA udgama RkSa parvata se hai / dakSiNApatha :- mAhiSmatI ke Age dakSiNApatha hai| : dakSiNApatha ke janapada mahArASTra, mAhiSaka, azmaka, vidarbha, kuntala, krathakaizika, sUparaka, kAJcI, kerala, kAvera, murala, vAnavAsaka, siMhala, cola, daNDaka, pAMDya, pallava, gAGga, nAzikya, koGkaNa, kollagiri, vallara Adi janapada dakSiNApatha meM haiN| dakSiNApatha ke janapadoM kI vartamAna sthiti : mahArASTra :- godAvarI ke UparI bhAga se kRSNA nadI taka kA vistRta bhU-bhAga hai| mAhiSaka :- narmadA ke nicale bhAga kA sthAna, jisakI rAjadhAnI mAhiSmatI nagarI thii| azmaka :- godAvarI aura mAhiSmatI nadI ke madhya kA bhU-bhAga, jo vidarbha kA eka bhAga thA / vidarbha :- varadA nadI vidarbha ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatI hai| uttarI bhAga kA pradhAna sthAna amarAvatI aura dakSiNa kA pratiSThAna yA paiThana hai| Adhunika nAma barAra / kuntala :- vartamAna haidarAbAda kI vAyavya dizA kA bhU-bhAga isake antargata thA / krathakaizika :- vartamAna vidarbha kA bhAga / sUrpAraka : koMkaNa meM sthita yaha sthAna thAnA (ThANA) jile kA prasiddha sopArA nAmaka janapada hai| kAJcI:- pAlAra nadI ke taTa para basA kAJcIpuram athavA kaoNMjIvaram / kerala : dakSiNa kA mAlAbAra prAnta / kAvera :- kAverI nadI ke taTa para base kucha jiloM kA bhuu-prdesh| murala :- kerala se aparAnta taka sahya parvata ke Asa-pAsa phaile hue bhU-bhAga kA nAma murala hai| yaha muralA nadI ke taTa para basA hai|

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[287] vAnavAsaka :- uttara knaaraa| yaha varadA nadI ke bAe~ taTa para basA hai| varadA tuGgabhadrA kI sahAyaka nadI hai siMhala :- prasiddha sIlona dviip| cola :- taMjaura aura dakSiNa ArakATa ke jile| daNDaka :- sambhavataH cola aura kAJcI ke madhyavartI 'to. maMDala' yA 'ddiNddiivnm'| pAMDya :- vartamAna urayUra sthAna, jo tricanApallI jile meM hai| pallava:- kAJcI ke cAroM ora kA sthAna pallava kahalAtA thaa| gAGga:- yaha dakSiNa kA koMgu-pradeza pratIta hotA hai, jisameM koyambaTUra aura salema ke jile bhI sammilita haiN| nAzikya :- prasiddha nAzika paJcavaTI hai| yaha godAvarI ke taTa para sthita hai| koGkaNa :- parazurAma kSetra / yaha sUrata (sUryapattana) se ratnagiri taka phailA hai| kalyANa, bambaI Adi isI ke antargata haiN| kollagiri :- vartamAna kurga, jisameM maisUra bhI sammilita hai| vallara :- madrAsa prAnta meM veMkaTagiri, cittUra aura vellaurI jiloM kA sammilita bhuu-bhaag| dakSiNApatha ke parvata, nadiyA~ tathA utpAdya vastue~ : vindhya kA dakSiNI bhAga, mahendra, malaya, mekala, pAla, maJjara, sahya, zrIparvata Adi parvatoM kA 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM ullekha hai| narmadA, tApI, payoSNI, godAvarI, kAverI, bhaimarathI, veNA, kRSNaveNA, vaJjurA, tuGgabhadrA, tAmraparNI, utpalAvatI, rAvaNagaGgA Adi dakSiNApatha kI nadiyA~ haiN| malaya meM utpanna hone vAlI vastue~ - candana, ilAyacI, kAlImirca, jAyaphala, motI, kapUra, Adi dakSiNApatha kI utpAdya vastue~ haiN|

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[288] dakSiNApatha ke parvata aura nadiyoM ke Adhunika nAma : mahendra :- mahAnadI aura godAvarI ke madhya kA pUrvI ghATa mahendramAlA se vyApta hai| malaya :- maisUra se TrAvanakora taka, kAverI ke dakSiNa taka phailI huI prvtmaalaa| mekala :- vindhya parvatazreNI kA eka bhAga, jise amarakaMTaka kahate haiN| pAlamaJjara :- dakSiNApatha ke prvt| sahya :- pazcimI ghATa meM sthita dakSiNa bhArata kA prvt| usake dakSiNa kI ora kAverI aura uttara kI ora godAvarI bahatI hai| zrIparvata :- zrIzaila bhArata kA vikhyAta tIrtha / dvAdaza jyotirliGgoM meM eka mallikArjuna ziva kA mndir| kurunula nagara ke samIpa hai| narmadA :- yaha nadI vindhya parvata zreNI ke amarakaMTaka zikhara se nikalakara bharukaccha (bhar3oca) ke pAsa araba samudra meM milatI hai| tAptI:- RkSaparvata kI satapur3A zreNI se nikalakara sUrata nagara ke pAsa samudra meM giratI hai| payoSNI :- tAptI kI sahAyaka, Ajakala kI pUrNA ndii| godAvarI :- sahya parvata (pazcimI ghATa) ke pUrva zikhara tryambakezvara nAmaka sthAna ke pAsa brahmagiri parvata se nikalatI hai| rAjamahendrI ke pAsa pUrvasamudra meM giratI hai| kAverI :- kurga jile ke brahmagiri parvata ke candratIrtha se nikalatI hai| yaha hinda mahAsAgara meM giratI hai| bhaimarathI :- jahA~ bhImA kA kRSNA ke sAtha saMgama hotA hai, vahA~ usakA nAma bhaimarathI ho jAtA hai| veNA:- yaha sahya parvata se nikalatI hai|

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[289] kRSNaveNA :- kRSNA kA veNI ke sAtha saMgama hone para usakA nAma kRSNaveNI ho jAtA hai| yaha sahyAdri ke mahAbalezvara zikhara ke pAsa se nikalakara pUrvAbhimukha machalIpaTTan ke samIpa samudra meM giratI va rA :- yaha godAvarI kI sahAyaka nadI hai| isakA udgama sahya pAdaparvata se hotA hai| tuGgabhadrA :- yaha kRSNA kI sahAyaka nadI hai| rAyacUra ke nikaTa kRSNA meM milatI hai| tAmraparNI :- malayAcala ke agastikuNDa se nikalane vAlI tinaivellI jile kI eka ndii| utpalAvatI :- tinaivellI jile meM bahane vAlI yaha nadI tAmraparNI meM milatI hai| rAvaNagaGgA :- 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM ullikhita dakSiNa deza kI isa nadI kA Adhunika nAma jJAta nahIM hai| pazcima deza devasabha (devAsa) ke Age pazcimI deza hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM pazcimI deza ke janapadoM meM devasabha, surASTra, dazeraka, travaNa, bhRgukaccha, kacchIya, Anarta, arbuda, brAhmaNavAha, yavana Adi kA nAmollekha hai| govardhana, girinagara, devasabha, mAlyazikhara, arbuda Adi parvatoM tathA sarasvatI, zvabhravatI, vArtaghnI, mahI, hiDimbA Adi nadiyoM kA bhI nAmollekha hai| karIra, pIlu, guggulu, khajUra, karabha Adi yahA~ utpanna hone vAlI vastue~ haiN| pazcima deza ke janapada, parvata tathA nadiyoM ke Adhunika nAma : devasabha :- devAsa yA udayapura ke dhevAra jhIla kA prdesh| sarASTa :- bhArata ke pazcimI bhAga meM sthita kaatthiyaavaadd'| dazeraka:- dazeraka sindhu-maru kA bhU-bhAga hai| travaNa :- pazcimI bhArata kA eka jnpd|

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[290] bhRgukaccha :- Adhunika bhar3auca / kacchIya: yaha kaccha nAma se prasiddha hai| Anarta :- vartamAna nAma bar3anagara hai| arbuda :- arAvalI parvatamAlA ke prasiddha AbU parvata kI upatyakA meM phailA bhU-bhAga / brAhmaNavAha : sindhu nadI ke pUrvIya taTa para sthita janapada lie prayukta / haiM / yavana :- 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM ullikhita pazcima deza kA tatkAlIna janapada / saMbhavataH IrAna ke govarddhana :- nAsika ke pAsa kA parvata sthAna / girinagara :- gujarAta ke prasiddha parvata girinAra ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza hai| yaha kAThiyAvAr3a prAnta ke jUnAgar3ha nagara ke samIpa hai / devasabha: pazcima deza kA candana kA utpAdaka parvata / mAlyazikhara:- yaha mAlavA ke samIpa sthita vindhya parvatamAlA kI eka coTI pratIta hotA arbuda :- arAvalI parvatamAlA kA prasiddha AbU parvata / sarasvatI : yaha pazcima deza kI nadI bar3audA ke paTTana ke samIpa bahatI hai| isakA udgama udayapura ke pAsa dhevara jhIla se hotA hai| isakI eka choTI zAkhA kaccha kI ora jAtI hai| zvabhravatI : yaha sAbaramatI nadI hai jo gujarAta se calakara kaccha kI khAr3I meM giratI hai| vArtaghnI :- yaha kher3A ke pAsa sAbaramatI se milane vAlI vAtraka nadI pratIta hotI hai| mahI ::- yaha mAlavA pradeza se nikalakara kaccha kI khAr3I meM giratI hai| mahI aura narmadA ke madhya bhAga kA nAma mAheya hai|

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[291] hiDimbA :- yaha vindhya se nikalane vAlI carmaNvatI yA cambala nadI pratIta hotI hai| yaha pazcima bhArata meM bahatI huI iTAvA ke pAsa ekacakrA meM yamunA se milatI hai| uttarApatha pRthUdaka se Age uttarApatha sthita hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM uttarApatha ke zaka, kekaya, vokkANa hUNa, bANAyuja, kAmboja, bAhrIka, balava, limpAka, kulUta, kIra, taMgaNa, tuSAra, turuSka, barbara, harahUrava, huhuka, sahuDa, haMsamArga, ramaTha, karakaNTha ityAdi janapadoM, himAlaya, kaliMda, indrakIla, candrAcala Adi parvatoM, gaGgA, sindhu sarasvatI, zatadru, candrabhAgA, yamunA, irAvatI, vitastA, vipAzA, kuhU, devikA Adi nadiyoM kA nAmollekha hai| uttarApatha meM sarala, devadAru, drAkSA, kuGkuma, camara, ajina, sauvIra, srotoJjana, saindhava, vaidUrya Adi vastue~ prApta hotI haiN| uttarApatha ke janapadoM, parvatoM, aura nadiyoM ke Adhunika nAma : zaka :- zaka logoM ne bhArata meM praveza kara sarvaprathama jahA~ apanA sthAnA banAyA use zakasthAna kahate haiN| yaha paMjAba kA prasiddha nagara syAlakoTa hai| kekaya :- paMjAba ke vyAsa aura satalaja ke madhya kA bhAga kekaya kahA jAtA hai| yaha sindha deza kI sImA se milatA hai| vokkANa:- yaha hindukuza parvata kA badakhzAna nagara hai| hUNa :- uttarI bhArata kA eka jnpd| bANAyuja :- yaha araba deza hai| kAmboja :- aphagAnistAna yA usake Asa-pAsa kA uttarI bhaag| vAstava meM yaha pAmIra deza bAhIka:- vartamAna balakha bAlIka thaa| bahnava yA bAhnaveya :- multAna ke samIpa kA bhATiyA nAmaka sthAna / limpAka :- vartamAna 'lamagAna' nAmaka nagara hai| yaha pezAvara aura kAbula ke bIca jalAlAbAda (nagarahAra) se uttara pazcima kI ora par3atA hai|

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[292] kulUta :- vartamAna kA~gar3A jile kI kulU thsiil| kIra :- paMjAba kA baijanAtha yA kiirgraam| pazcimottara pradeza kI kIrthara parvata zreNI ke Asa pAsa kA sthaan| taMgaNa:- gar3havAla ke uttara kA jnpd| tuSAra :- baMkSu nadI kA taTavartI sthAna / turuSka :- pUrvI turkistaan| barbara :- sindhu nadI ke pazcima taTa para bhArata kI pazcimottara dizA meM barbarIka aura barbarI nAma se sthita hai| balUcistAna kA uttarI bhaag| harahUkha :- yaha sindhu nadI aura jhelama kA madhya bhU-bhAga pratIta hotA hai| huhuka :- kazmIra kA uttarI bhU bhaag| sahuDa :- pazcimI aphagAnistAna kA eka bhaag| haMsamArga :- yaha kumAU~ se kailAsa ke mArga meM Ane vAlA prasiddha nItidarrA hai jo bhArata ko tibbata se milAtA hai| ramaTha :- sindhu nada ke uttara meM raumaka parvata hai, jo sAlTa reMja kahA jAtA hai| isa namaka ke pahAr3a ke samIpa ramaTha nAmaka sthAna hai| karakaNTha :- yaha karAkorama parvata kI ghATI meM hai| himAlaya :- bhArata aura tibbata ke bIca kI parvata zrRMkhalAoM kA nAma hai| kaliMda :- himAlaya parvata zreNI kA eka bhAga, jahA~ se yamunA kA udgama hotA hai| gar3havAla ke pahAr3oM meM prasiddha yamunottarI yahI hai| indrakIla:-himAlaya kA eka shikhr|

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[293] candrAcala :- himAlaya ke eka zikhara bhAga kA naam| yahIM se candrabhAgA kA udagama hotA hai| gaGgA :- yaha nadI gar3havAla ke gaMgotrI nAmaka sthAna se do mIla Upara bindusara se nikalatI hai| sindhu :- uttarI bhAga kI prasiddha ndii| sarasvatI :- uttarI bhArata kI sarasvatI thAnesara aura pRthUdaka (pihovA) ke pAsa bahatI huI vinazana meM lupta ho jAtI hai| zatadru :- paMjAba kI satalaja nAma se prasiddha ndii| candrabhAgA :- paMjAba kI prasiddha cinAva ndii| yamunA :- gar3havAla ke pahAr3oM meM prasiddha kaliMda athavA yamunottarI se nikalane vAlI ndii| irAvatI :- paMjAba kI prasiddha rAvI ndii| lAhaura nagara isI nadI ke taTa para basA hai| vitastA :- paMjAba kI prasiddha jhelama ndii| vipAzA :- paMjAba kI prasiddha vyAsa ndii| kuhU :- sindhu kI sahAyaka kAbula nadI, jo kohIbAbA pahAr3a ke nIce se nikalatI hai| madhyadeza madhyadeza ke janapadoM. parvatoM nadiyoM kA AcArya rAjazekhara ne nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai kyoMki ve atyanta prasiddha the| [AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA nirdiSTa sampUrNa bhArata ke pA~ca vibhAgoM ke janapadoM, parvatoM tathA nadiyoM ke Adhunika nAmoM kI jAnakArI ke lie kAvyamImAMsA (bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA) ke pariziSTa bhAga-2 tathA bhAratIya itihAsa koza (saccidAnanda bhaTTAcArya) kA AdhAra grahaNa kiyA gayA hai|] 1. tatra ye dezA: parvatAH sarito dravyANAmutpAdazca tatprasiddhisiddhamiti na nirdissttm| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya)

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[294] dizAoM ke vibhAga : dizAoM ke vibhAga kI avadhi antarvedI athavA madhyadeza ko mAnA gayA hai| kintu AcArya rAjazekhara antarvedI meM bhI kAnyakubja ko digvibhAga kI avadhi svIkAra karate haiN| yaha dizA nirdhAraNa vizeSa sthAna ko avadhi mAnakara svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH to dizAe~ aniyata hone se digvibhAga kI anizcitatA hai|| dizAoM kI saMkhyA dizAoM kI saMkhyA kA varNana karane meM kavi apanI icchA ke adhIna haiN| kahIM cAra dizAoM ke, anyatra ATha dizAoM tathA dasa dizAoM ke bhI ullekha haiM 2 cAra dizAe~ :- prAcI, avAcI, pratIcI aura udiicii| ATha dizAe~ :- aindrI, AgneyI, yAmyA, nairRtI, vAruNI, vAyavyA, kauberI tathA aishaanii| yaha nAmakaraNa dikpAloM ke nAma para AdhArita haiN| dasa dizAe~ :- aindI Adi ATha tathA brAhmI (Urdhva) aura nAgIyA (adha:) yaha dasa dizAe~ haiM 3 1. vinshnpryaagyognggaaymunyoshcaantrmntrvedii| tadapekSayA dizo vibhajeta 'iti aacaaryaaH| tatrApi mUlamavadhIkRtya iti yaayaavriiyH| 'avadhinibandhanamidaM rUpamitarattvaniyatameva' iti yaayaavriiyH| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 2. sarvamastu, vivakSAparatantrA hi dishaamiyttaa| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) 3. 'prAcyavAcIpratIcyudIcyaH catastro diza' ityeke| aindrI, AgneyI, yAmyA, nairRtI, vAruNI, vAyavyA, kauberI, aizAnI cASTau diza' ityeke| ' brAhmI nAgIyA ca dve tAbhyAM saha dazaitA' itypre| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya)

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[295] vibhinna dizAoM kI sthiti : pUrva dizA :- citrA aura svAti nakSatroM ke madhya / pazcima :- pUrva dizA ke smmukh| uttara :- dhruva nakSatra se yukta dishaa| dakSiNa :- uttara ke smmukh| vidizA :- dizAoM ke madhya cAra kon| brAhmI :- aakaash| nAgIyA :- paataal| vibhinna dizAoM ke logoM ke bhinna varNa : pUrva deza :- zyAma vrnn| dAkSiNAtya :- kRSNa vrnn| pAzcAtya :- pANDu vrnn| uttara deza :- gaura vrnn| madhya deza :- kRSNa, zyAma evam gaur| kavisamaya ke anasAra zyAma aura kRSNa kA tathA pANDu aura gaura kA adhika bheda nahIM hai| 1. tatra citrA svAtyantare prAcI, tadanusAreNa pratIcI, dhruveNodIcI, tadanusAreNAvAcI, antareSu vidizaH, Urdhva brAhmI, adhstaannaagiiyeti| (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) tdvdvrnnniymH| tatra paurastyAnAM zyAmo varNa: dakSiNAtyAnAM kRSNaH, pAzcAtyAnAM pANDuH, udIcyAnAM gauraH, madhyadezyAnAM kRSNaH zyAmo gaurshc|------ na ca kavimArge zyAmakRSNayoH pANDugaurayorvA mahAnvizeSa (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) -------

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[296] deza kA sUkSma vivecana prastuta karate hue AcArya rAjazekhara ne antataH navIna kaviyoM ko saMdeza diyA ki sabhI prakAra ke varNanoM kA AdhAra zAstra, loka vyavahAra tathA kavisamaya avazya honA caahie| deza, parvata, nadI aura dizAoM kA unake kramAnusAra hI apanI racanAoM meM nibandhana karanA kavi ke lie ucita hogaa| anyathA varNana unake kAvya ko doSamaya banA degaa| 1. tatra dezaparvatanadyAdInAM dizAM ca yaH kramastaM tathaiva nibdhiiyaat| sAdhAraNaM tUbhayatra lokaprasiddhitazca / (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya)

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[297] kAla vivecana 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke kAla vibhAga nAmaka adhyAya meM kaviyoM ke jJAna hetu kAla kI vistRta vivecanA AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA prastuta kI gaI hai| isI saMdarbha meM cha: RtuoM ke per3a, paudhoM, phaloM phUloM kA varNana bhI unhoMne kiyA hai| pratyeka Rtu meM pazu pakSiyoM kI gatividhiyA~ tathA manuSyoM ke vyavahAra tathA bhojana Adi kA kavi ko jJAna honA parama Avazyaka hai| vibhinna RtuoM kA jJAna dene ke sAtha hI 'kAvyamImAMsA' do RtuoM ke madhya kI avasthA kA bhI sUkSma vivecana karate hue phaloM tathA unake vibhinna aMzoM kI upayogitA ko bhI pradarzita karatI hai| kAla gaNanA : AcArya rAjazekhara ke samakSa kauTilya ke arthazAstra, manusmRti, vAyupurANa tathA bhaviSya purANa Adi granthoM kA kAla vivecana upasthita thaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ne prathama zloka vAyupurANa (a0 50, zloka 169) se uddhRta karate hue kAla gaNanA prArambha kI hai-pandraha nimeSoM kI eka kASThA, tIsa kASThAoM kI eka kalA, tIsa kalAoM kA eka muhUrta aura tIsa muhUrtoM kA dina rAta hotA hai / / vAyupurANa ke manvantara kathana meM bhI dina aura rAta ke sUkSma se sUkSma aMzoM kA vivecana karate hue kAla gaNanA kI gaI hai| pandraha nimeSoM kI eka kASThA, pA~ca kSaNoM kA lava, tIna lavoM kI bIsa kASThA hotI hai| tIsa lava kI eka kalA tathA tIsa kalA kA muhUrta hotA hai| tIsa muhUrtoM kA ahorAtra hotA hai / viSNupurANa meM bhI isI prakAra kAla gaNanA kI gaI hai 3 manusmRti tathA bhaviSyapurANa meM bhI kAla kI 1. kASThA nimeSA daza paJca caiva triMzacca kASThAH kathitA: kleti| triMzatkalazcaiva bhavenmuhUrtastaistriMzatA rAtryahanI sametau // (kAvyamImAMsA - saptadaza adhyAya) (vAyupurANa 50/169) 2 mAnuSAkSinimeSAstu kASThA paJcadaza smRtaaH| lavaH kSaNAstu paJcaiva viMzatkASThA tu te tryH| 961 lavAstriMzatkalA jJeyA muhUrtastriMzata: klaaH| 97 / muhUrtAstu punastriMzadahorAtramiti sthitiH|------- 1 98 / (vAyupurANa - dvitIya khaNDa) (adhyAya - 62 - manvantara kathana) 3 "kASThA nimeSA daza paJca caiva triMzaja kASThA gaNayetkalAMzca triMzatkalaizcaiva bhavenmahataistaistriMzatA rAtryahanI smete||" (viSNupurANa dvi0 aMza, a08, zloka - 60)

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[298] yahI avasthAe~ vivecita haiM, kevala ina granthoM meM kASThA ke gaNaka nimeSoM kI saMkhyA aThAraha ho gaI hai|| kauTilya ke arthazAstra ke dezakAlamAna prakaraNa meM bhI vistRta kAlavivecana prApta hotA hai| do truToM kA lava, do lavoM kA nimeSa hai| yahA~ para kASThA pA~ca nimeSoM kI batAI gaI hai| tIsa kASThA kI kalA, cAlIsa kalA kI nAlikA, do nAlikA kA muhUrta bhI 'arthazAstra' meM ullikhita hai ? 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAla ke ghaTaka nimeSa, kASThA, kalA, muhUrta, dina ,rAta, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana aura saMvatsara haiN| 'arthazAstra' meM bhI isI prakAra kA varNana prApta hai tathA truTa, lava, nimeSa, kASThA, kalA, nAlikA, muhUrta, divasa, rAtri, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, saMvatsara aura yuga kAla ke dyotaka haiN| yaha kAla zIta, uSNa aura varSA ke svabhAva vAlA hai aura rAtri, dina, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana tathA saMvatsara usake vizeSa rUpa haiM 3 mAnuSa aura daivika dina rAta kA sUrya vibhAga karatA hai| rAtri prANiyoM ke svapna hetu hotI hai tathA dina unheM kriyAzIla banAtA hai- yaha ullekha manusmRti meM bhI milatA hai, bhaviSya purANa bhI sUrya dvArA mAnuSa tathA daivika dina aura rAta ke vibhAjana kA ullekha karate hue tIsa dina-rAta ke mAsa, do-do mAsoM kI Rtu, 1. (ka) nimeSA daza cASTau ca kASThA, triMzattu tAH klaa| triMzatkalA muhUrtaH syAdahorAtraM tu taavtH| 641 (manusmRti - prathama adhyAya) (kha) nimeSA daza cASTau ca akSNaH kASThA nigate 186 / triMzatkASThAH kalAmAhuH kSaNastriMzatkalA smRtaaH| muhUrtamatha mauhUrtA vadanti dvAdaza kssnnm| 871 trizanmuhUrtamuddiSTamahorAtraM mniissibhiH| 881(bhaviSyapurANa- bhAga 1 brAhma parva- (2) sRSTivarNana ) 2 dvau truTau lvH| dvau lavau nimeSaH, paJca nimeSa: kASThA, triMzatkASThA kalA catvAriMzatkalA: naaddikaa| dvinAlikA muhuurtH| kauTilIya arthazAstra - dvitIya adhyAya, adhyakSa pracAraH, prakaraNa - dezakAlamAnam 3 (ka) paJcadazAhorAtraH pkssH|-----------dvau pakSau maasH| dvau maasaavRtuH| SaNNAmRtUnAM parivartaH sNvtsrH| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya) (kha) kAlaH shiitossnnvrssaatmaa| tasya rAtriraha: pakSo mAsa RturayanaM saMvatsaro yugamiti vishessaaH| (arthazAstra (kauTilya) navamadhikaraNam abhiyAsyatkarma - zaktidezakAlabalAbalajJAnam) kAlamAnamata uurdhvm| truTI lavI nimeSa:, kASThA, kalA nAlikA, muhUrtaH pUrvAbhAgau divaso rAtriH pakSo mAsa RturayanaM saMvatsaro yugamiti kaalaaH|----- ------paJcadazAhorAtraH pakSa:------- dvipakSo maasH|-------dvau maasaavRtuH|------shishiraadyuttraaynnm| varSAdi dakSiNAyanam / dvayayanassaMvatsaraH paJca saMvatsaro yugAmiti / arthazAstra (kauTilya) dvitIya adhyAya, adhyakSa pracAra :, prakaraNa - deshkaalmaanm|

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[299] tIna RtuoM ke ayana aura do apanoM ke vatsara hote haiM - yaha batAtA hai| vibhinna granthoM meM apane vibhinna ghaTakoM sahita vivecita yaha kAla abAdha gati se calatA rahatA hai kintu isakA svarUpa kisI ko bhI spaSTata: jJAta nahIM ho paataa| yaha kAla avyakta svarUpa meM hI AtA hai aura calA bhI jAtA hai| isI kAraNa yAska ke nirukta meM jo mRr3ha ke samAna avyakta rahakara zIghratA se calA jAtA hai usako hI kAla kahA gayA hai| 2 sampUrNa varSa meM dina-rAta kA bar3hanA, ghaTanA : 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM yaha ullekha bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ne kiyA hai ki varSa ke kucha mAsa aise haiM jinameM dina aura rAta barAbara hote haiM, kucha mahInoM meM dina bar3A tathA kucha mahInoM meM rAta bar3I hotI hai| tIsa muhUrtoM se banane vAlA dina-rAta caitra aura Azvayuja mAsa meM barAbara hotA hai arthAt pandraha muhUrta kA dina aura pandraha muhUrta kI rAta / tatpazcAt caitra ke bAda pratyeka mAsa meM dina meM eka muhUrta kI vRddhi tathA rAtri meM eka muhUrta kI hAni hotI hai| aisA tIna mahInoM taka hotA hai| tatpazcAt rAta meM eka muhUrta kI vRddhi hotI hai aura dina meM eka muhUrta kI hAni hotI hai| yaha krama Azvayuja taka calatA hai| Azvayuja meM dina aura rAta barAbara ho jAte haiN| phira yahI krama viparIta ho jAtA hai arthAt rAta meM eka muhUrta kI vRddhi tathA dina meM eka muhUrta kI hAni hotI hai| tIna mahInoM taka yahI krama calatA rahatA hai| tatpazcAt dina meM eka muhUrta kI vRddhi tathA rAtri meM eka muhUrta kI hAni hotI hai| caitra mAsa meM dina aura rAta punaH barAvara ho jAte haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara ke isa vivecana kA AdhAra kauTilya kA arthazAstra hai / arthazAstra 1. (ka) ahorAtre vibhajate sUryo mAnupadaivike rAtriH svapnAya bhUtAnAM ceSTAyai krmnnaamhH| 65 (manusmRti prathama adhyAya) - (kha) mAsastriMzadahorAtraM dvau dvau mAsAvRtuH smRtaH / 88 Rtutrayamapyayanamayane dve tu vatsaraH ahorAtre vibhajate sUryo mAnuSadaivike / 89 | (bhaviSyapurANa bhAga 1 brAhma parva (2) sRSTivarNana ) 2 "muhurmUDa iva kAlaH kAlo mUDha iva avyaktaH san jhaTiti gacchati sa muhuH shbdenocyte| " [ nirukta yAska, adhyAya-2, pAda - 7, kha 26)

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[300] meM bhI dina aura rAtri ke muhUrtavRddhi tathA hAni kA aisA hI vivaraNa prApta hotA hai|| sauramAna, pitR mAsamAna tathA cAndramAsa : 'kAvyamImAMsA'' meM tIna prakAra ke mAsa-mAnoM kA bhI ullekha hai| sUrya kA eka rAzi se dUsarI rAkhi meM jAnA mAsa kahalAtA hai| varSA Rtu se chaha mAsa taka dakSiNAyana tathA zizira Rtu se chaha mAsa taka uttarAyaNa hotA hai| do ayanoM kA saMvatsara hotA hai| yaha kAlagaNanA 'sauramAna' ke anusAra hai / 2 pandraha dina-rAta kA pakSa hone para jisa pakSa meM candramA kI vRddhi hotI hai vaha zukla pakSa hai tathA andhakAra kI vRddhi vAlA pakSa kRSNapakSa hai| yaha pitR mAsamAna hai, isameM pakSa kA krama zukla aura kRSNa kA hai| isI mAsa mAna ke anusAra vedoM dvArA kahI gaI samasta kriyAe~ sampanna hotI haiM 3 pitRmAsa ke viparIta pakSoM kA svarUpa hone para cAndramAsa hotA hai| cAndramAsa meM pahale kRSNa aura tatpazcAt zukla pakSa hotA hai| kaviyoM kA tathA AryAvartanivAsiyoM kA cAndramAsa hI AdhAra banatA hai| 1 (ka) te ca caitraashvyujmaasyorbhvtH| caitrAtparaM pratimAsaM mauhUrtikI divasavRddhiH nizAhAnizca trimAsyAH, tataH paraM mauhUrtikI nizAvRddhiH divshaanishc| AzvayujAtparataH punaretadeva viparItam (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya) (kha) paJcadazamuhUrto divaso rAtrizca caitre mAsyAzvayuje ca mAsi bhvtH| tataH paraM tribhirmuhUtairranyataraSyaNmAsaM vardhate hAsaM te ceti| kauTilIya arthazAstra (dvitIya adhyAya) adhyakSa pracAraH, prakaraNa - dezakAlamAnam 2 rAzito rAzyantarasaGkramaNamuSNabhAso mAsaH, varSAdi dakSiNAyanama, zizirAdyuttarAyaNaM, dvayayanaH saMvatsara iti sauraM maanm| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya) 3. paJcadazAhorAtraH pkssH| varddhamAnasomaH zuklo varddhamAnakRSNimA kRSNa iti pitryaM mAsamAnam / amunA ca vedoditaH kRtsno'pi kriyaaklpH| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya) 4. pitryameva vyatyayitapakSaM cAndramasam / idamAryAvartavAsinazca kavayazca mAnamAzritA: (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya)

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[301] kauTilya ke 'arthazAstra' meM prakarmamAsa, sauramAsa, cAndramAsa. nakSatramAsa tathA malamAsa kA ullekha hai|| cAndramAsa se sambaddha saMvatsara tathA Rtu cakra : kavijanoM ke lie cAndramAsa mahatvapUrNa haiM, ve isako hI kAlagaNanA ke lie AdhAra svarUpa svIkAra karate haiN| kRSNa aura zukla pakSoM se eka mAsa, do mAsoM kI eka Rtu, chaha RtuoM ke cakra se eka cAndra saMvatsara banatA hai| jyotiSazAstravettA isa saMvatsara kA prArambha caitra mAsa se mAnate haiM aura laukika vyavahAra vAloM ke lie saMvatsara kA prArambha zrAvaNa mAsa se hotA hai| kaviyoM ke lie racita 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM do-do mAsoM se nirmita RtuoM tathA unake varNanIya viSayoM kI vistRta vivecanA hai| saMvatsara kA Arambha varSA Rtu se karate hue - zrAvaNa, bhAdrapada varSA, Azvina aura kArtika zarad, mArgazIrSa aura pauSa hemanta, mAgha aura phAlguna zizira, caitra aura vaizAkha vasanta tathA jyeSTa aura ApAr3ha grISma Rtu - yaha Rtu cakra kAvyamImAMsA meM prastuta hai| 'arthazAstra' meM bhI varSA Rtu se saMvatsara kA Arambha mAnA gayA hai / 2 zIta, uSNa aura varSA rUpI svabhAva vAlA kAla apane zIta svabhAva se yukta hone para hemantAdirUpa, uSNa svabhAva hone para grISmAdirUpa tathA varSA rUpI svabhAva vAlA hone para prAvRDpa hotA hai yaha ullekha kauTilya ke 'arthazAstra' meM rAjA ke lie prastuta zaktidezakAlabalAbalajJAna prakaraNa meM milatA hai 3 yAska ke nirukta meM tIna RtuoM se yukta saMvatsara kA ullekha hai| phAlguna se cAra mAsoM taka 1. triMzadahorAtraH prakarmamAsaH / saardhsaurH| ardhnynshcaandrmaasH| saptaviMzatirnakSatramAsa: dvAtriMz mlmaasH| ___arthazAstra (kauTilya) dvitIya adhyAya, adhyakSapracAraH, prakaraNa - dezakAlamAnam 2 SaNNAmRtUnAM parivartaH sNvtsrH| sa ca caitrAdiriti daivajJAH zrAvaNAdiriti lokyaatraavidH| tatra nabhA nabhasyazca varSAH, iSa Urjazca zarat sahaH sahasyazca hemantaH, tapasyapasyazca ziziraH, madhurmAdhavazca vasantaH, zukraH zucizca griissmH| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya) zrAvaNaH proSThapadazca vrssaaH| AzvayujaH kArtIkazca shrt| mArgarzIrSaH pauSazca hemntH| mAghaphAlgunazca shishirH| caitrI vaizAkhazca basantaH jyeSThAmUlIya ASADhazca griissmH| arthazAstra (kauTilya) dvitIya adhyAya, adhyakSapracAraH, prakaraNa - dezakAlamAnam 3. kAla: zItoSNavarSAtmA------zItasvabhAvo hemantAdirUpaH, uSNasvabhAvo grISmAdirUpaH, varSasvabhAva: prAvRdampazca bhvti| arthazAstra (kauTilya) navamadhikaraNam - abhiyAsyatkarma - zaktidezakAlabalAbalajJAnam

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[302] grISma Rtu, ASAr3ha se cAra mAsoM taka varSA Rtu, kArtika se cAra mAsoM taka hemanta Rtu kA vivecana hai / / 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM vibhinna RtuoM kI vAyu kA dizAnirdeza : AcArya rAjazekhara ne kaviyoM ke lie pratyeka Rtu meM pravAhita vAyu kI dizA kA mahatvapUrNa prasaGga prastuta kiyA hai| yadyapi ve vAyu kI dizA ke saMdarbha meM kavisamaya kI hI sarvAdhika prAmANikatA svIkAra karate haiN| vibhinna AcAryoM ne varSA Rtu meM pAzcAtya vAyu kA pravAhita honA svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu AcArya rAjazekhara varSA Rtu meM kavisamaya ke anusAra kaviyoM ko pUrvI vAyu ke varNana kA nirdeza dete haiM 2 zarad Rtu meM vAyu kI anizcita dizA kA, hemanta Rtu meM vAyu kI pazcima dizA tathA uttara dizA kA, zizira Rtu meM bhI hemanta ke samAna uttara tathA pazcima dizA kI vAyu kA, vasanta meM dakSiNa dizA kI vAyu kA tathA grISma Rtu meM anizcita dizA kI vAyu kA tathA naiRtya dizA kI vAyu kA varNana karane kA nirdeza kaviyoM ko 'kAvyamImAMsA' se prApta huA hai kavizikSA kI dRSTi se kAlagaNanA ke saMdarbha meM ina viSayoM kA ullekha karate hue AcArya rAjazekhara ne apanI maulikatA kA paricaya diyA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita Rtucakra' : saMvatsara kI chaha RtuoM kA vividhatApUrNa varNana kavi ke kAvya ko sarasa, sundara, manohArI rUpa meM sahadayoM ke sammukha prastuta karatA hai| ataH kavigaNa RtuvarNana kA moha tyAga karane meM apane ko 1 Rtu saMvatsaro grISmo varSA hemanta iti| trayastapasyAdyAzcatvAro mAsA grISmartuH zucyAdyAzcatvAro mAsA vrsstuH| kArtikAdyAzcatvAro mAsA hemantarturityevam / traya Rtavo yatra sa sNvtsrH| yAska (nirukta) adhyAya -4, pAda -4, khaNDa - 27 2 tatra 'varSAsu pUrvo vAyuH' iti kvyH| 'pAzcAtyaH paurastyastu pratihantA' ityaacaaryaaH| tadAhuH - 'purovAtA hatA prAvRT pAzcAdvAtA hatA zarat' iti| --------- 'vastuvRttiratantraM, kavisamayaH pramANam' iti yaayaavriiyH| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya) 3. zaradyaniyatadikko vaayuH| ----- 'hemante pazcAtyo vAyuH' ityeke| 'udIcya' itypre| 'ubhayamapi' iti yaayaavriiyH| -------- zizire'pi hemantavaddIcyaH pAzcAtyo vA ------- basante dkssinnH|--------- 'aniyatadikko vAyugrISme' ityeke| naiRta itypre| 'ubhayamapi' iti yaayaavriiyH| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya)

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[303] asamartha pAte haiN| navIna kavi ke lie RtuoM ke varNanIya viSayoM kA ullekha 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM prastuta hai, jisase ve RtuoM kA varNana karate samaya apane kAvya ko doSoM se dUra rakha skeN| kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita varSA Rtu : vRkSajagat kA parivartana :- bA~soM meM naI kopala, sallakI, sAla, zilIndhra, jUhI ke vRkSoM meM nae patte aura pussp| lAMgalI meM pussp| jaMgaloM meM nIlI ke pattoM kI adhikatA hotI hai| kuTaja kusumoM kI kaliyA~ khila jAtI haiN| kadamba ke puSpasamUha phUTa par3ate haiM, unameM kesara ugate haiN| kadamvoM se AkAza kaluSita ho jAtA hai| dhava (dhAya) ke puSpa yauvana prApta karate haiN| arjuna ke vRkSa navIna maJjariyoM se bhara jAte haiN| ketakI meM kaliyA~ phUTatI haiN| beMta jala pravAha se nirantara hilate rahate haiN| pazupakSiyoM kI gatividhiyA~ : varSARtu meM baguliyoM kA garbhadhAraNa, harI ghAsoM para bIra bahUTiyA~, cakoroM kA harSita honA, vanoM meM caturdik calate hue capala cAtaka, hariNoM meM prema kA udaya Adi viSaya varNita hote haiN| mer3hakoM ke zabda sarvatra sunAI dete haiN| sarpa madonmatta hokara vicaraNa karate haiM / moroM ke jhuNDa nRtya karate haiM / jalacara pakSI prasanna ho jAte haiN| varSARtu ke anya vaiziSTya : varSAkAla uSNatA kA anta kara detA hai| viyogiyoM ke hRdaya para kAmaviSa ko utpanna karane vAle vipa (jala) kI varSA karate hue meghoM kA Agamana hotA hai| nirantara garjanA karate hue yaha megha AkAza meM vyApta dhUla ko miTA dete haiM / sUrya kI aMgAramaya kiraNoM se tapta bhUmi para varSA kA prathama jala girane se usase manohara gandha nikalatI hai| jaladhArA se dhule parvata sundara pratIta hote haiN| nadiyA~ pravAha ke vega se taToM ko tor3atI huI bahatI haiM / rAjAoM ke yAtrA prasaGga sthagita ho jAte haiM / yatiyoM tathA sanyAsiyoM kA pracAra ruka jAtA hai| viyoginI ramaNiyA~ apane pravAsI patiyoM ke Agamana kI pratIkSA karatI haiN| pathikoM ke jhuNDa apane-apane ghara pahu~cane ke lie vyAkula ho jAte haiN| sarvatra mArga kIcar3ayukta hone ke kAraNa

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[304] hAthiyoM kI savArI saira sapATe ke lie ucita hotI hai| vilAsiniyoM kI zayanazayyA U~ce bhavanoM kI aTTAlikAoM ke caubAroM meM banatI hai| kastUrI mizrita catuH sama kA sevana kiyA jAtA hai| kAvya meM Rtu varNana kI paramparA prAcIna hai| bharatamuni ne 'nATyazAstra' meM vibhinna RtuoM ke pradarzana hetu aneka nirdeza die haiN| varSAkAla kA pradarzana kadamba, nIpa, kuTaja vRkSoM, ghAsayukta maidAnoM, bIra bahUTiyoM, bAdaloM kI vAyu ke sukhada sparzoM se karanA cAhie to nATya meM varSA kI rAtri ko bAdaloM ke samUha ke gambhIra nAda, dhArApravAha bauchAra, bijalI camakane aura garajane ke dvArA pradarzita karanA caahie|| mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI racanA 'RtusaMhAram' meM chaha RtuoM kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isake dvitIya sarga meM mahAkavi ne varSAvarNana karate hue tatkAlIna prakRti kA sarasa citraNa kiyA hai| 'RtusaMhAra' meM varNita varSA Rtu : bAdaloM se yukta AkAza (2/2), pyAse cAtakapakSI, jala ke bhAra se jhuke hue, karNapri, garjana karane vAle, atyadhika jaladhArA barasAne vAle bAdala (2/3), navIna ghAsoM ke hare-hare aMkuroM se yukta, vIrabahUTiyoM se parivyApta pRthvI (2/5), madhura dhvani karatA huA, paMkha phailAkara nRtya karatA huA mayUra (2/6), jala ke pravRddha-vega se donoM taToM ke vRkSoM ko ukhAr3atI huI maTamaile jala vAlI nadiyA~ (2/7), bAdaloM ke kAraNa pragAr3ha timirAcchanna rAtri meM bijalI kI camaka (2/10), pIlA-pIlA, kIr3e-makor3e, ghAsa-phUsa se yukta, meDhakoM ko DarAne vAlA jala (2/13), patra, puSpavihIna nalinI (2/14), bhramarasamUhoM se yukta, mada jala se suzobhita hAthiyoM ke kapola (2/15), sarvatra jharanoM se yukta parvata (2/76), kadamba, sAla, arjuna aura ketakI meM puSpa (2/17), jUhI, mAlatI tathA bakula meM puSpa (2/24) indradhanuSa se suzobhita bAdala (2/22) - varSA Rtu kA yaha manohArI svarUpa mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke 'RtusaMhAra' meM 1. kadambanIpakuTajai: zAdvalai : sendragopakai : meghavAtoH sukhaspazaiM : prAvRT kAlaM pradarzayet / 35 / meghaudhnaadairgmbhiirairdhaaraaprptnaistdaa| vidyunnirghAtaghoSaizca varSArAtraM samAdizet / 361 (nATyazAstra - paJcaviza adhyAya)

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[305] dRSTigata hotA hai, kintu yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki AcArya rAjazekhara ne RtuoM ke varNanIya viSaya prastuta karate samaya mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke zlokoM ko uddhRta nahIM kiyA hai| kAvyamImAMsA meM varNita zarad Rtu vRkSajagat kA parivartana : kamaloM, kumudoM, utpaloM kA vikAsa, bandhUka, bANa, asana, kesara, zephAlikA, saptaparNa, kAsa, bhANDIra, saugandhika aura mAlatI - ina vRkSoM meM puSpaprasava / kyAriyoM meM pakakara pIle kalama dhAna / pakakara nIle se hue aamle| pakakara phUTa jAne se sugandhita phuuttkkdd'ii| pakakara khaTTe, jIrNa imalI ke phala / pazupakSiyoM kI gatividhiyA~ : zarad Rtu meM khaMjana pakSiyoM ke darzana hote haiN| svaccha jalAzayoM ke taToM para haMsa, kAraNDava, cakravAka, sArasa, krauJca Adi jalacara vihAra karate haiM / kalahaMsoM ke jhuNDa mAnasarovara se lauTakara apaneapane nivAsoM meM A jAte haiN| khuroM se pRthvI ko kuredate hue madonmatta sA~r3a, dA~toM se nadI taToM ko ukhAr3ate hue masta hAthI aura purAne sIMgoM ko girAte hue ruru mRga dikhAI dete haiN| nadiyoM meM jala kama hone se unake bAlukAmaya taTa para jala se bAhara nikalakara kachue vizrAma karate haiN| uthale nirmala jala meM daur3atI huI machaliyoM kA pIchA karate hue bagule unapara ugra dA~toM se prahAra karate haiN| machaliyoM ke bhAgate hue choTe baccoM para kurara pakSiyoM ke AkramaNa / madarahita mayUroM kI garjanA / kuraroM aura bhramaroM kI unmattatA / zarad Rtu ke anya vaiziSTya : nadI, nada, jhIla, tAla, sarovara Adi kA svaccha, madhura jala / taTa kA kIcar3a sUkha jAtA hai| svAti kI bU~doM se sIpiyA~ zubhra motiyoM kA garbha dhAraNa karatI haiN| bAlukAmaya taTa para sIpiyoM kI chApa

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[306] 1 se Ter3I-mer3hI rekhAe~ dikhatI haiN| amala, dhavala candrikA svaccha, nIlAkAza ananta AkAza meM vizada nakSatra samUha rAta ke samaya bhI dina ke samAna camakatI AkAzagaGgA meM nakSatroM kA dRzya idhara-udhara ghUmate hue nirjala aura zveta bAdaloM ke ttukdd'e| rathoM ke calane yogya paGkahIna pRthvI tIkSNatara kiraNoM se camakatA huA bhagavAn bhAskara kisAnoM ke gharoM meM kATakara lAe gae navIna zAliyoM (dhAna) ke kI 1 sugndh| grAmavadhuoM ke dvArA dhAna kI kuttaaii| zarad Rtu ke vibhinna utsavoM kA ullekha : mahAnavamI ke dina vijayayAtrI rAjAoM dvArA hone vAlA sampUrNa astroM kA pUjana ghor3oM, hAthiyoM aura sainikoM kI manohAriNI sajAvaTa ke sAtha pareDa (nIrAjanA), dIpAvalI meM dIpoM kI mAlAe~ tathA vijayayAtrA ke lie unmukha rAjAoM ke vividha vilAsa / devatAoM ke sAtha bhagavAn mAdhava kA jAgaraNa / 1 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya rAjazekhara ke samaya meM zarad Rtu meM zArad navarAtra ( durgApUjA), vijayAdazamI tathA dIpAvalI ke utsava aura hariprabodhinI ekAdazI para devotthAna ke utsava pracalita the| bharatamuni ke 'nATyazAstra' meM zarad Rtu meM sabhI indriyoM ke svastha hone ke kAraNa prasanna vadana tathA vicitra Alokayukta saMsAra ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai 2 'RtusaMhAra' meM varNita zarad Rtu : phUle hue kAza ke puSpa, vikasita kamala, unmAdayukta haMsoM kA madhura kalarava, paripakva pItavarNa dhAnoM kI bAliyA~ (3/1), candrajyotsanA se rAtri, haMsoM se nadiyoM ke jala, puSpabhAra se jhuke saptaparNoM se vanaprAnta tathA mAlatIpuSpoM se upavana suzobhita hote haiM (3/2), dhIre-dhIre, pravAhita nadiyA~, caMcala 1 mahAnavamyAM nikhilAstrapUjA nIrAjanA vAjibhaTadvipAnAm / dIpAlikAyAM vividhA vilAsA yAtronmukhairatra nRpairvidheyA // - budhyate ca saha mAdhavaH suraiH // (kAvyamImAMsA aSTAdaza adhyAya) 2. sarvendriyasvasthatayA prasannavadanastathA vicitrabhUtalAlokaiH zaradantu vinirdishet| 28 | ---- - (nATyazAstra paJcaviMza adhyAya)

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[307] uchalane vAlI sundara machaliyA~, vistRta bAlukAmaya taTa prAnta (3 / 3), zveta bAdaloM se yukta AkAza (3/4), bandhUka puSpoM se lAlimAyukta pRthvI (3/5), puSpita kovidAra (3/6), tArAgaNa se suzobhita, nirmala cA~danI vAlI vRddhi ko prApta hotI huI rAtri (3/7), nayanAnandakArI, manohara razmivAlA, zItalatA pradAna karane vAlA candramA (3/9) zephAlikA puSpoM kI sugandhi se manohara upavana (3/14), caMcala choTI-choTI lahareM (3/18), nIlakamaloM kA vikAsa (3/19) puSpoM ke samparka se sugandhita zItala havA, kaluSatA rahita svaccha jala, paGkarahita pRthvI (3/22 ) - 'RtusaMhAra' meM varNita yaha prAkRtika dRzya zarad Rtu kA manohArI svarUpa upasthita karate haiN| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita hemanta Rtu vRkSajagat kA parivartana : mucukunda ke vRkSoM meM do tIna kaliyA~, lavalI ke vRkSoM meM tIna cAra kaliyA~, tathA priyaGgulatA meM pA~ca chaha phUloM kA udgama / nAgakesara tathA lodhra meM puSpa prasava / gA~voM kI sImAoM meM gehU~ aura jau ke lahalahAte khet| khetoM meM maTara, urada, mU~ga Adi chImI vAle dhAnya / haldI aura namaka kA pakanA / bera, nAraMgI Adi phaloM kA pakanA prArambha ho jAtA hai, unameM miThAsa utpanna hotI hai| kAle, moTe ukhoM ke rasa meM adbhuta evam apUrva madhuratA kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai| pazupakSiyoM kI gatividhiyA~ : mayUra madarahita ho jAte haiN| unake paMkha jhar3a jAte haiN| udyAnoM meM koyaleM mUka ho jAtI haiN| bhRGgaramaNiyoM ke mukha meM bhI maunamudrA / AkAza yAtrA meM pakSiyoM kA utsAha kSINa ho jAtA hai| sarpoM kA bhI darpakSaya ho jAtA hai / bAghina baccoM kA prasava karatI hai| hemanta Rtu ke anya vaiziSTya vAyu himakaNoM ko bikherakara zIta bar3hAtI hai| kucha bhI peyavastu aura bhojana AkarSaka aura ho jAtA hai| vAyukAraka gariSTha padArtha bhI supaca aura svAsthyakAraka hote haiN| vanazUkaroM ke mA~sa meM svAdu

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[308] bane nae cAvala, saghana malAI vAlA dahI aura sarasoM ke komala DaMThaloM vAlA sAga bhI supaca hotA hai| vaidya kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| snAna ke lie gunagunA jala acchA lagatA hai| prAtaH kAla sabhI ora pAnI se uThatA huA vASpa dIkha par3atA hai| gharoM ke bhItarI zayanakakSoM meM gadde Adi Avazyaka sAdhanoM se saje palaGga tathA dhUmarahita aMgAroM se bharI aMgIThiyA~ Adi upalabdha hoM tabhI hemanta Rtu bhI grIna kA zepa bhAga pratIta hone lagatI hai arthAt rucikara pratIta hotI hai| bharatamuni ke 'nATyazAstra' meM hemanta Rtu kA gAtrasaMkocana, sUryasevana, sira, danta, oSTha ke kampana, kUjita, zItkAra Adi ke dvArA pradarzana kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai / / 'RtusaMhAra' meM varNita hemanta Rtu : lodhrapuSpoM kA vikAsa, dhAna kA pknaa| kamala vilIna ho jAte haiN| pAlA giratA hai| (4/1), grAma kI sImA ke bhAga pracura dhAnarAzi se paripUrNa, hariNiyoM ke jhuNDoM se suzobhita tathA sundara krauJca pakSiyoM kI madhura dhvani se guJjAyamAna hote haiM (4/8), suzItala tAlAba, sarovara khile hue nIlakamaloM se suzobhita, madonmatta kAdamba nAmaka haMsajAtIya pakSivizeSa se vibhUSita, svaccha jalavAle hote haiM (4/9), priyaGgu latA pakane kI sthiti meM pahu~cakara pANDu varNa kI ho jAtI hai (4/10), yaha mahAkavi kAlidAsa dvArA 'RtusaMhAra' ke caturtha sarga meM varNita sundara, zItala hemanta Rtu hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita zizira Rtu : yadyapi zizira Rtu ke adhikAMza varNanIya viSaya hemanta Rtu ke samAna hI haiM,2 phira bhI isa Rtu kI kucha anya vizeSatAoM kA AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA meM ullekha kiyA hai| 1 gAtrasaMkocanAccApi sUryAbhipaTusevanAt hemantastvabhinetavyaH purussairmdhymaadhmaiH| 29 1 zirodantoSThakampena gAtrasaMkocanena c| kUjitaizca sshiitkaarairaadhmshshiitmaadishet| 30 / avasthAntaramAsAdya kdaacittuutmairpi| zItAbhinayanaM kuryaaddevaadvysnsNbhvm| 311 nATyazAstra (paJcaviMza adhyAya) 2. 'hemantadharmA ziziraH' (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya)

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vRkSajagat meM parivartana : marubaka meM phUla khilate haiN| sabhI puSpavRkSoM kI apekSA kunda meM puSpoM kI adhikatA dRSTigata hotI hai| sarasoM ke paudhoM ke ghane aura tIkhe bAla pakakara jhar3ane lagate haiN| do tIna phUla unameM lage dIkhate haiN| kramazaH ugane ke krama se pakate hue paudhe bhUrApana grahaNa karate jA rahe haiN| vApiyoM meM kamala bela kI sUkhI DaNDiyA~ hI dikhatI haiM / pazupakSiyoM kI gatividhiyA~ : machaliyA~ vApI ke talabhAga meM chipa jAtI haiN| hAthI madonmatta ho jAte haiN| hariNa santuSTa hokara vicaraNa karate haiN| zUkara pIna aura puSTa ho jAte haiN| bhaiMse masta rahate haiN| zizira Rtu ke anya vaiziSTya [309] : zizira Rtu kI rAtri lambI hotI hai| pracaNDa vAyu se zIta utpanna hotA hai| vApiyoM kA jala uttarIya himavAyu ke pracaNDa pravAha se mAnoM kA~patA rahatA hai| barphIlI vAyu duSTa vyakti ke samparka ke samAna duHkhada hotI hai / or3hane, bichAne ke lie rUI bhare dohare vastroM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| aguru ke dhUpa- dhUma se bhavana aura garbhagRha garma kie jAte haiN| nae kaNDoM kI sadhUma agni acchI lagatI hai| zIta se bacane ke lie kesara, kastUrI kA samucita sevana kiyA jAtA hai / candana kA lepa zarIra ko dagdha karatA hai / sAdhanahIna nirdhana isa Rtu kI nindA karate haiN| sAdhana sampanna dhanI loga isakI prazaMsA karate haiN| pAnI pIne meM sarasatA, nIrasatA kI pratIti nahIM hotii| hima aura agni ke sparza meM zItalatA, uSNatA kA bheda nahIM pratIta hotA / sevana karane meM sUrya aura candra kA bheda nahIM pratIta hotA / sUrya tejahIna hotA hai tathA candramA malina pratIta hotA hai| bharatamuni ke 'nATyazAstra' meM RtusamvandhI puSpoM ko sU~ghane ke dvArA tathA rUkhI vAyu ke sparza dvArA

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[310] zizirakAla ke pradarzana kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|| 'RtusaMhAra' meM varNita zizira Rtu : zizira Rtu pake hae dhAnoM evaM gannoM ke samUha se manohArI tathA krauJca pakSiyoM ke kalarava se guJjAyamAna hotI hai (5/1), banda khir3akI vAle ghara kA andaravAlA bhAga, agni, sUryadeva kI kiraNeM dhRpa, moTe kapar3e sevana yogya hote haiM (5/2), candramA kI kiraNoM ke samAna zItala candana tathA saghana barpha ke samAna zItala pavana rucikara nahIM lagate (5/3), barpha ke samUha ke girane se zItala tathA candramA kI kiraNoM ke kAraNa adhika zItalatara rAteM sevana yogya nahIM hotI (5/4), gur3anirmita bhojya padArthoM kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai, svAdiSTa nae dhAna kA bhAta aura ganne kA rasa madhura lagatA hai (5/16) / zizira Rtu kA yaha manohArI svarUpa'RtasaMhAra' ke paJcama sarga meM varNita hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita basanta Rtu vRkSa jagat kA parivartana : yaha basantakAla Ama kI bauroM ko utpanna karane vAlA hai| kAmadeva Rtu ke navIna puSpoM se dhanuSadaNDa kI racanA karatA hai| kanaila aura kacanAra ke vRkSa puSpoM se lada jAte haiM / kovidAra vikasita tathA sinduvAra vikAsonmukha hote haiN| rohir3A, Amar3A, kiMkirAta, mahuA, kelA, mAdhavIlatA aura sahajana ke vRkSa kaliyoM aura puSpoM se bharane lagate haiM, isalie yaha vRkSa kesarayukta ho jAte haiN| damanaka ke vRkSoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| ___ isa Rtu meM kurabaka, tilaka, azoka aura bakula vRkSa binA dohada ke hI puSpa prasava karane lagate haiM, jabaki kurabaka ramaNI ke AliGgana se, tilaka vRkSa usakI citavana se, azoka vRkSa pAdAghAta se aura bakula vRkSa madyagaNDUSa se vikasita hone kI paramparA hai| 1 RtujAnAM tu puSpANAM gandhAghrANaistathaiva ca / rUkSasya vAyo: sparzAcca ziziram rUpayed budhH| 321 (nATyazAstra - paJcaviMza yAya)

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[311] rakta azoka, nIla azoka aura svarNa azoka adhika vikasita hote haiN| supArI, nAriyala, hintAla, gulAba, palAza, khajUra, tAr3a aura tAr3IvRkSoM meM basanta meM hI puSyoM kI utpatti hotI hai| pazu pakSiyoM kI gatividhiyA~ : sugge, mainA, hArila, papIhA aura bhramara-ina pakSiyoM kA mada bar3hatA hai| basanta koyaloM kI madavRddhi kA kAraNa hai| koyaloM kI mIThI kUka sunAI detI hai| puMskokila paJcama rAga meM kUkatA hai| basanta Rtu ke anya vaiziSTya : saubhAgyavatI lalanAe~ sAja zRMgAra meM vyasta rahatI haiN| mAdhavI latA ke puSpoM se keza gUMthatI haiN| unakI sindUra suzobhita mA~ga tathA kusuma (campaI) raMga ke vastra manohArI pratIta hote haiN| striyoM kA mana hAsa-vilAsa, nRtya-gAna, jhUlA-hiMDolA, gaurI pUjA, kAmadeva-pUjA Adi meM adhika lagatA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke isa ullekha se pratIta hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM basanta kAla meM gaurIpUjana, navarAtra, madanamahotsava Adi aneka vrata aura utsava pracalita the| bharatamuni ke 'nATyazAstra' meM Amoda-pramoda tathA aneka prakAra ke puSpoM ke pradarzana se basanta Rtu ke abhinaya kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|| 'RtusaMhAra' meM varNita basanta Rtu : basantayoddhA vikasita, nUtana AmrapallavarUpI bANoM vAlA tathA bhramarapaMktirUpI sundara dhanuSa kI pratyaJcA dhAraNa karatA huA A pahu~cA hai (6/1), vRkSa puSpoM se yukta haiM, jala kamala se suzobhita hai| pavana sugandhita hai, rAta sukhadAyaka tathA dina manohArI hai (6/2), isa Rtu meM vApI kA jala, candrakiraNeM tathA puSpoM se yukta Ama ke vRkSa saubhAgya prApta karate haiM (6/3), karNikAra tathA navamallikA ke vikasita puSpa (6/5), loga moTe vastroM ko chor3akara lAkSArasa se raMge, kRSNacandana se surabhita halke, mahIna vastra dhAraNa 1 pramodajananArambhairUpabhogaiH pravidhiH basantastvabhinetavyo naanaapusspprdrshnaat| 331 (nATyazAstra - paJcaviMza adhyAya)

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[312] karate haiM (6/13), Ama ke rasa se puMskokila tathA kamala ke kAraNa guJjAyamAna bhramara kAmAsakta hote haiM (6/14), jar3a se lekara mUMge kI lAlimA ke samAna tAmravarNa puSpasamUha ko dhAraNa karate hue navapallavoM se yukta azokavRkSa (6/16), udbhinna kurabaka vRkSa kI maJjariyoM kI parama zobhA (6/18), pavana se Andolita, puSpoM se jhuke palAzavanoM se vyApta yaha pRthvI lAla vastroM se AveSTita navavadhU ke samAna hai (6/19), basanta meM himapAta banda ho jAne se sundara havA puSpita (maJjariyoM se yukta) Ama kI DAliyoM ko hilAtI huI, koyala kI madhura vANI ko dizAoM meM phailAtI huI bahatI hai (6/22), kunda puSpoM ke kAraNa upavana sundara lagate haiM (6/23), yaha basanta puSpita AmravRkSoM tathA kanaila ke vRkSoM se ramaNIya lagatA hai (6/27), sundara palAza jisakA dhanuSa hai, bhramaroM kI paMkti hI pratyaJcA hai, niSkalaGka candramA zveta chatra hai, malaya pavana jisakA madonmatta hAthI hai, kokila jisake bandIgAyaka haiM, Ama kI sundara maJjarI jisake bANa haiM vahI lokavijayI kAmadeva apane mitra basanta ke sAtha sarvakalyANakArI ho (6/28)-yaha paramasundara basanta varNana 'RtusaMhAra' ke SaSTha sarga meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa dvArA varNita hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita grISma Rtu vRkSa jagat meM parivartana : navamallikA ke puSpoM kA vikaas| zirISa kusama khilane lagate haiN| kAJcana aura ketakI meM pusspprsv| dhAya ke puSpoM kA vikaas| khajUra, jAmuna, kaTahala, Ama, kelA, cirauMjI, supArI aura nAriyala se strI puruSoM kA zrama aura Alasya dUra hotA hai| campA puSpoM kA vikAsa hotA hai, inakI mAlAe~ dhAraNa kI jAtI haiN| kanera aura karIla ke vRkSoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| mallikA kusumoM kA vikAsa hotA hai, inakI gulAbI mAlA dhAraNa kI jAtI hai| pazupakSiyoM kI gatividhiyA~ : hariNa marubhUmi meM mRgamarIcikAoM se Thage jAte haiN| jala sUkha jAne se taDAgoM ke jalajantu tar3apate hae se dIkhate haiN| hAthiyoM ke bacce, zarabha aura gadahe madonmatta aura vikArI ho jAte haiM, kanera aura

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[313] karIla ke vRkSoM vAlI U~cI bhUmi para car3hakara baiThate haiN| jaMgaloM meM jhillI ke nAda sunAI dete haiM / bhaiMse, hAthI tathA suara ke bacce kIcar3a se sane dIkhate haiN| sarpa aura mRga jIbhoM ko lapalapAte hue dekhe jAte haiM aura pakSiyoM ke pakSamUla zithila ho jAte haiN| grISma Rtu ke anya vaiziSTaya : grISma Rtu meM prANI mAnoM pakAe jAte haiN| dhUla tapAI jAtI hai| pAnI mAno ubAlA jAtA hai, parvata garama kie jAte haiM / jala ke strota aura kue~ sUkha jAte haiN| nadiyoM kA jala veNI jaisA svalpa ho jAtA hai| jala ke bahuta nIce ho jAne se kue~ meM rahaTa lagAe jAte haiN| jalate madhyAhna ke samaya panazAlAoM para pathikoM kI bhIr3a lagatI hai| satuA gholakara pInA rucikara lagatA hai| loga dopahara meM jhopar3oM meM ardha nidrAmagna rahate haiN| grISmakAla kI sevanIya vastue~ haiM - zarIra para karpUradhUlikA kA gharSaNa, Ama kA panA, bhigoI supArI se banA pAna, Ama ke madhura rasa meM pagI rasAlA, pAnI se gItA bhAta / bhinna-bhinna phaloM kA rasa, hariNa evaM lavA ke mA~sa kA zorabA, auTAyA huA duudh| candana ke lepa se gIlI mAlAe~, tAje aura gIle mRNAla ke hAra, campA puSpoM kI maalaaeN| sAyaMkAla snAna-krIr3A, mahIna kapar3e, cA~danI se dhulI prAsAdoM kI U~cI chteN| candana ke lepa ke samAna hRdayahAriNI svaccha cA~danI kA Ananda, jharokhoM yA khir3akiyoM se Ate hue vAyu ke jhakore, paMkhoM ke jhalane se barasate zItala jalabindu grISma ke santApahAraka haiN| 'nATyazAstra' meM pasInA poMchanA, bhUmi ke tApa, paMkhA jhalanA, uSNa vAyu ke sparza Adi ke dvArA grISma Rtu ko abhinIta karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|| 1. svedapramArjanaizcaiva bhUmitApaiH sviijnaiH| uSNasya vAyoH sparzena grISmaM tvabhinayed budhH| 341 (nATyazAstra - paJcaviMza adhyAya)

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[314] 'RtusaMhAra' meM varNita grISma Rtu : grISma Rtu meM sUryadeva pracaNDa rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| candramA priya lagatA hai| nirantara snAnAdi kriyA se jalAzayoM kA jala bhaNDAra sUkha jAtA hai| divasa kA avasAna tathA sAMyakAla suhAvanA lagatA hai (1/1), ujjavala zItala cA~danI rAta, phavvAredAra suramya zItabhavana, candrakAntamaNi aura sarasa candana grISma Rtu meM logoM dvArA sevana karane yogya hote haiM (1/2), prasuptakAmabhAva candana ke jala se saMsikta paMkhe se utpanna havAoM se mAno jagAyA jAtA hai (1/8), asahanIya vAyu ke dvArA ur3AI gaI dhUla vAlI pRthvI pracaNDa sUrya ke Atapa se santApita hotI hai (1/10), bhISaNa tApa se santapta aura atyadhika pyAsa se zuSka tAlu vAle hariNa pIse hue aJjana ke samAna nIlavarNa ke AkAza ko dekhakara dUsare vana meM jala hai' aisA samajhakara daur3a par3ate haiM (1/11), sUrya kI kiraNoM se atyadhika santApita bAra-bAra phuphakAratA huA sarpa morapaMkhoM kI chAyA ke nIce nivAsa karatA hai (1/13), dhadhakatI Aga kI jvAlA ke samAna atyanta tIkSNa sUrya kI kiraNoM se klAnta zarIra vAle mayUra apane paMkhoM kI chAyA meM mu~ha praviSTa kara baiThe hue sA~poM ko nahIM mArate (1/16), utkaTa pyAsa ke mAre, parAkrama kA udyoga naSTa kara bAra-bAra hA~phatA huA dUra taka mu~ha bAe hue siMha hAthiyoM ko nahIM mAratA (1/14), sUrya kI prakhara kiraNoM se santApita, nitAnta zuSka kaNTha se jala grahaNa karane vAle, vikaTa pyAsa se vyAkula pAnI pIne vAle hAthI siMha se bhI nahIM Darate (1/15), nAgaramothoM se saMyukta zuSka paGka vAle tAlAba ko apane vistRta thUthanoM se ukhAr3atA huA zUkaroM kA samUha sUrya kI tIkSNa kiraNoM se santApita hokara mAno pRthvItala meM praveza sA kara rahA hai (1/17), pracaNDa sUrya ke dvArA santApita meDhaka paGkamaya pAnI vAle sarovaroM se uchalakara pyAse sarpa ke phaNa rUpI chAte ke nIce vizrAma karate haiM (1/18), caMcala lapalapAtI donoM jihvAoM se pavanapAna karatA huA sarpa apane viSarUpI agni aura sUrya ke tApa se santApita aura pyAsa se vyAkula hokara meDhakoM ke samUha ko nahIM mAratA (1/20), paraspara utpIr3ana meM saMlagna hAthiyoM dvArA sarovara se samasta mRNAlasamUha samunmUlita kara diyA gayA hai| machaliyA~ vipanna aura saMtrasta kara dI gaI haiN| sArasapakSI bhaya se bhagA die gae haiN| tAlAba ghanaghora mardana se kIcar3amaya kara diyA gayA hai (1/19), phenayukta caJcala, visphArita mukha

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[315] vAle, lAla-lAla jIbha nikAle hue, Upara kI ora muMha uThAe hue pyAsa se vyAkula bhaiMsoM kA jhuNDa jala ko dekhate hue parvata kI guphA se nikala par3A hai (1/21), bhISaNa vana kI agni se sUkhe sasyAGkura vAle, pracaNDa prabhaJjana ke vega se ur3Ae gae sUkhe pattoM vAle, sUrya ke prakhara tApa se kSINa jalavAle vana ke prAntabhAga cAroM ora bhISaNa bhayotpAdaka dikha rahe haiM (1/22), jIrNa zIrNa pattoM se yukta vRkSoM para virAjamAna vihagavRnda behAla hokara sA~sa le rahe haiM, mlAnamukha vAnaroM ke samUha tApazamana ke lie parvata ke kaJjoM meM jA rahe haiM, gavaya maga jAti kA jhaNDa jala kI icchA se saba ora ghUma rahA hai, zarabhoM kA samUha sIdhe se kUpa se jala pI rahA hai (1/23), jaMgala kI Aga vAyu se uttejita hokara parvatoM kI kandarAoM meM prajjavalita hotI hai (1/25), semara ke jaMgaloM meM agni mAnoM puJjIbhUta ho gaI hai (1/26) yaha grISmaRtu kA sundara, vistRta varNana mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke 'RtasaMhAra' ke prathama sarga meM milatA hai| saMskRta kAvyajagat meM mahAkaviyoM ke kAvya RtuvarNana ke prasaGgoM se bhare par3e haiM, kintu una sabhI kA vivecana vistArabhaya ke kAraNa sambhava nahIM hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM navIna kaviyoM ke lie vibhinna RtuoM ke varNyaviSayoM ko prastuta karate hue kaviyoM kA mahAn upakAra kiyA thA, yadyapi unhoMne 'RtusaMhAra' ke zlokoM ko uddhRta nahIM kiyA hai kintu eka hI kAvyagrantha ma eka sthAna para sabhI RtuoM kA sundara, manohArI saMkalana karatA huA mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA 'RtusaMhAra' nAmaka grantha kisI bhI RtuvarNana ke prasaMga meM vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kaviyoM ke lie prastuta 'kAvyamImAMsA' ho athavA sahRdayoM ke lie prastuta 'RtusaMhAra' RtuoM ke varNya viSaya hama sabhI ko prakRti ke sundara manohArI svarUpa kA darzana karAte haiN| RtuoM ke varNya viSaya 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke kAla vibhAga nAmaka aSTAdaza adhyAya meM prApta hote haiM usameM RtaoM kA krama kauTilya ke arthazAstra ke samAna hI hai-varSA, zarad, hemanta, zizira, basanta aura griissm|'RtusNhaar' meM sarvaprathama grISma Rtu kA varNana hai tatpazcAt varSA, zarad, hemanta, zizira aura basanta kaa| anAvazyaka vistAra kI nivRtti hetu 'kAvyamImAMsA' tathA 'RtusaMhAra' ke Rtu varNana sambandhI zloka uddhRta nahIM kie gae haiN|

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[316] Rtu kI avasthAe~ : AcArya rAjazekhara ne RtuoM se sambaddha maulika viSaya ke rUpa meM pratyeka Rtu kI cAra avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai-(ka) Rtu sandhi, (kha) Rtu zaizava, (ga) Rtu prauDhi, (gha) Rtu anuvRtti| kAla kI gati ko samajha pAnA asaMbhava sA hai| yadyapi saMvatsara kA vibhAjana chaha RtuoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai, kintu samIpa upasthita do RtuoM kA kAla spaSTataH vibhAjita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH bItI huI Rtu tathA Ane vAlI Rtu ke madhyakAla kA kAvyamImAMsA meM Rtu sandhi ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| isa sandhi kAla ke pazcAt Rtu apanI zaizavAvasthA meM upasthita hotI hai, jaba usa Rtu kI vizeSatAe~ logoM ko dRSTigata to hone lagatI haiM, kintu unakI pUrNa paripakvatA kI sthiti nahIM hotii| Rtu kI yaha avasthA 'Rtu zaizava' kahalAtI hai| jaba Rtu ke sabhI cihna spaSTataH pUrNa manohArI rUpa meM dikhate haiM taba Rtu kI praur3hatA kI avasthA ko AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'Rtu praur3hi' nAma diyA hai| Rtu anuvRtti kI avasthA taba upasthita hotI hai jaba vigata Rtu ke cihna svarUpa kusuma Adi vartamAna Rtu meM dikhAI dete haiN| RtuoM kI avasthAoM ke Rtu anuvRtti svarUpa ko kAvya saMsAra se jAnanA caahie| yaha Rtu anuvRtti spaSTata: hemanta aura zizira Rtu meM parilakSita hotI hai kyoMki hemanta aura zizira vastutaH eka hI haiN| hemanta kI sabhI viSayavastu zizira Rtu meM bhI varNita kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya rAjazekhara pratyeka Rtu ke varNya viSayoM kA tathA Ane vAlI Rtu meM unake viSayoM kI anuvRtti kA vistRta ullekha karane ke pazcAt bhI kavi kI pratibhA ke mahatva ko pUrNataH svIkAra karate haiN| pratyeka Rtu kI pUrNataH vivecanA saMbhava bhI nahIM hai| deza bheda se padArthoM meM antara avazyambhAvI hai yathA zIta pradhAna deza tathA grISma pradhAna deza aura U~cI-nIcI bhUmi meM RtuoM kA vikAsa bhinna prakAra kA 1. caturavasthazca RturupnibndhniiyH| tadyathA - sandhiH, zaizavaM, prauDhiH, anuvRttishc| RtudvayamadhyaM sndhiH|----- atikrAnta liGgaM yatkusumAdyanuvartate / liGgAnuvRttiM tAmAhuH sA jJeyA kaavyloktH|| ------- hemantazizirayoraikye srvlinggaanuvRttirev| uktnyc| 'dvAdazamAsaH saMvatsara, paJcatavo hemantazizirayoH smaasen'| ---. RtubhavavRttyanuvRttI diGmAtreNA'tra cite sntH| zeSa svadhiyA pazyata nAmagrAhaM kiyad brmH|| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya)

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[317] hai| aisI avasthA meM kAvyanirmAtA kavi kI saMzayAtmaka sthiti se rakSA hetu AcArya rAjazekhara ne mahAkaviyoM ke ullekhoM ko pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra karane kA nirdeza diyA hai|| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kaviyoM ke lie anya aneka upayogI viSaya bhI kAvyamImAMsA meM prastuta kie haiN| yathA vibhinna RtuoM meM utpanna puSpoM kI upayogitA kA kaarnn| kAla nirIkSaNa kI sUkSmatA tathA maulikatA ko prakaTa karate hue AcArya ne vRkSoM meM lagane vAle puSpoM, phaloM tathA latAoM meM lagane vAle puSpoM, phaloM ke samaya ke antara ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| phaloM ke prakAroM kA bhI unakI upayogitA kI dRSTi se 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM sUkSma nirIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| puSyoM kI upayogitA : zobhA, anna, gandha, rasa, phala aura arcana yaha kAraNa kisI bhI puSpa ko upayogI banAte haiM / / kavi ko kisI bhI Rtu ke puSpoM kA varNana karate samaya unake ina guNoM para dRSTi avazya rakhanI caahie| vRkSa tathA latAoM ke phUloM-phaloM meM samayAntara : vRkSoM meM lagane vAle puSpoM, phaloM kA cAra mAsa kA krama hotA hai| (ka) prathama mAsa meM puSpodgama, (kha) dvitIya mAsa meM bAlaphala, (ga) tRtIya mAsa meM praur3hatA (gha) caturtha mAsa meM phala kA pakanA tathA pariSkRta honaa| latAoM meM lagane vAle phUloM aura phaloM kI samayAvadhi alpa hotI hai| latA ke phUla, phala 1 dezeSu padArthAnAM vyatyAso dRzyate svruupsy| tanna tathA badhnIyAtkavibaddhamiha pramANaM nH|| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya) 2 zobhAndhogandharasai: phalArcanAbhyAM ca pusspmupyogi| SoDhA drshitmettsyaatsptmmnupyogi| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya)

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[318] kevala do mAsa taka hI rahate haiM / 1 prakRti ke eka-eka dRzya kA atyanta sUkSma nirIkSaNa kara AcArya rAjazekhara ne apane kavizikSaka rUpa ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai| unake isa vivecana se prakRti varNana karane vAlA kavi latAoM aura vRkSoM ke varNana meM pramAda se dUra raha skegaa| Rtu varNana meM latAoM tathA vRkSoM kA varNana kAvya meM saundarya kI sRSTi karatA hai, ataH kavi unake varNana kA lobha saMvaraNa nahIM kara paate| phaloM ke prakAra : vibhinna RtuoM, unake vRkSoM, latAoM, puSpoM para sUkSma dRSTi rakhane vAle AcArya rAjazekhara ne pratyeka Rtu ke pratyeka phala kA samyak nirIkSaNa kara unake upayogI, anupayogI aMzoM kI dRSTi se phaloM meM paraspara bheda kA nirdhAraNa kiyA tathA chaha prakAra ke phaloM kA 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM ullekha kiyA (ka) antarvyAja (kha) bahirvyAja (ga) ubhayavyAja (gha) sarvavyAja (Ga) bahuvyAja (ca) nirvyAja * bar3ahara Adi / kelA aadi| - Ama aadi| kakubha aadi| kaTahala Adi / nIlakaitha Adi 12 saMsAra ko puSpa, phala dene vAlI prakRti meM phUloM, phaloM kI vividhatA sarvatra dikhatI hai| kisI -- - - 1 yatprAci mAse kusumaM nibaddhaM taduttare bAlaphalaM vidheyam / tadagrime prauDhidharaM ca kAryaM tadagrime pAkapariSkRtaM ca // modbhavAnAM vidhireSa dRSTo vallIphalAnAM ca mhaannehaa| teSAM dvimAsAvadhireva kArya: puSpe phale pAkavidhI va kAlaH // (kAvyamImAMsA aSTAdaza adhyAya) 2 antarvyAjaM bahirvyAjaM bAhyAntarvyAjameva ca / sarvavyAjaM bahuvyAjaM nirvyAjaM ca tathA phalam // lakucAdyantarvyAjaM tathA bahirvyAjamatra mocAdi AmrAdyubhayavyAjaM sarvavyAjaM ca kkubhaadi| panasAdi bahuvyAjaM nIlAdi bhavati nirvyAjam sakalaphalAnAM podA jJAtavyaH kavibhiriti bhedaH // (kAvyamImAMsA aSTAdaza adhyAya)

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[319] phala kA sampUrNa aMza upayogI hotA hai, kisI kA kucha aNsh| kisI phala kA bAhya bhAga upayogI hai to kisI kA Antarika bhaag| sUkSmanirIkSaNakartA AcArya rAjazekhara ne phaloM meM jo aMza anupayogI hotA hai usako pheMka diyA jAtA hai- isI AdhAra para phaloM ke chaha prakAroM kA nAmakaraNa kiyA hai| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAla vibhAga karate hue AcArya rAjazekhara ne sarvAdhika mahatva RtuoM ke varNya viSayoM ke prastutIkaraNa ko pradAna kiyA, kyoMki unake anusAra prabandhanirmAtA kavi sarasa kAvya ke nibandhana hetu RtuvarNana se achUtA nahIM raha sktaa| ata: AcArya rAjazekhara ne kavizikSaka kA kartavyanirvAha karate hae apane prabandha kAvya meM eka do, tIna yA sabhI RtuoM ke viSaya nibandhana kA kavi ko nirdeza diyA hai| Rtu nibandhana kAvyArtha ke anukUla hI honA caahie| kAvyArtha kI dRSTi se yadi ucita ho RtuoM kA viparIta krama se nibandhana bhI doSa nahIM hotaa| prabandha nirmAtA kavi ke lie kAvyakathA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| RtuvarNana meM bhI kathA kA AdhAra tiraskRta nahIM honA caahie| RtuvarNana sarvathA prAsaGgika hI honA caahie| yaha sabhI RtuvarNana sambandhI anupama nirdeza 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke atirikta anyatra nahIM milte| 1. ekadvivyAdibhedena sAmastyenAthavA Rtuun| prabandheSu nibanIyAtkrameNa vyutkrameNa vaa|| na ca vyutkramadoSo'sti kAvArthapatharamazaH tathA kathA kApi bhaveda kAmo bhUSaNa ythaa| (kAvyamImAMsA - aSTAdaza adhyAya)

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aSTama adhyAya upasaMhAra kAvyazAstra ke saiddhAntika pakSa se alaga haTakara abhyAsI kavi ko kavitA banAne kI kalA sikhAne vAle kAvyazAstra ke vyAvahArika pakSa kI prastuti sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kI gii| isI kAraNa abhyAsI kaviyoM ke parama jJAnAdhAra, anukaraNIya grantha ke vividha viSayoM ke anupama svarUpa se adhikAMza paravartI AcArya prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sake kucha paravartI AcAyoM para yaha prabhAva AMzika hI rahA, kintu kucha paravartI kAvyazAstrIya grantha pUrNataH kAvyamImAMsA para AdhArita rhe| aise aneka granthoM ko kAvyazAstra ke itihAsa ke antargata kevala apane nAmAGkana se hI saMtoSa karanA par3A, viSayoM kI maulikatA ke saMdarbha meM unakA koI viziSTa yogadAna na ho skaa| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA svIkRta zabda, artha ke yathAvat sahabhAva rUpa sAhitya kA paripUrNa svarUpa paravartI AcArya kuntaka kI paribhASA meM spaSTa huA AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA svIkRta utkRSTa kAvya ke sabhI vaiziSTya mArgoM kI anukUlatA se sundara, guNoM kI utkRSTatA se yukta, alaGkAravinyAsa tathA vRtti ke aucitya se manohArI rasaparipoSa sahita zabdArtha sambandha hI sAhitya rUpa meM AcArya kuntaka dvArA svIkRta hue / yahI AcArya rAjazekhara kA carama vikasita kAvya hai| kAvya hetuoM ke saMdarbha meM aneka maulika udbhAvanAe~ 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke vaiziSTya haiN| zakti tathA pratibhA kA pRthak svarUpa, unakA kAraNa kAryabhAva sarvaprathama 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM hI vivecita hai| kAvyArtha kI prApti se sambaddha vyutpatti kA 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM vyApaka svarUpa varNita hai| cAra maulika kAvyArtha strotoM kI udbhAvanA bhI navIna viSaya hai, kintu sarasatA kA sambandha AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kavivacanoM se hI siddha kiyA gayA, kAvyArthoM se nhiiN| zikSArthI kavi ke bauddhika vikAsa para atyadhika bala dene vAle AcArya rAjazekhara se prabhAvita hokara AcArya kSemendra tathA vinayacandra ne bhI apane granthoM meM kavi ke bauddhika vikAsa meM sahAyaka vibhinna viSayoM kA kavi kI pariceya vastuoM ke saMdarbha meM

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[321] ullekha kiyaa| kucha viziSTa viSayoM kI kAvya ke jIvanastrotoM (kAvyamAtAoM) ke rUpa meM svIkRti tathA vyutpatti ke svarUpa meM aucitya ke mahatva kI abhivaddhi sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA kI gii| paravartI AcArya kSemendra ne vyutpatti ke aucityaparaka svarUpa se prabhAvita hokara aucitya ko hI rasasiddha kAvya kA jIvana svIkAra kiyaa| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kAvyahetu abhyAsa kI kAvya ke jIvana strotoM ke antargata svIkRti usake mahatva ke abhivardhana meM parama sahAyaka hai| abhyAsa ke upAyoM kA kavi ke samakSa prastutIkaraNa maulika viSaya to hai hI, AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA vivecita kavi kI avasthAe~ kavi ke vikAsa kI kramika sthiti ko bhI spaSTa karatI haiN| 'kAvyamImAMsA' se prabhAvita hokara AcArya kSemendra ne bhI ziSya kI avasthA se kavi banane taka kA vikAsakrama 'kavikaNThAbharaNa' meM prastuta kiyaa| abhyAsa ke upAyoM kA vivecana bhI kSemendra dvArA 'kavikaNThAbharaNa' meM tathA vAgbhaTa dvArA 'vAgbhaTAlaGkAra' meM kiyA gyaa| vibhinna kaviyoM ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke abhyAsa kI AcArya rAjazekhara kI svIkRti se AcArya kuntaka tathA AcArya kSemendra bhI prabhAvita hue| AcArya kuntaka ne vibhinna kaviyoM ke svabhAvAnusAra unake kAvyAbhyAsa ke vaividhya ko svIkAra kiyaa| ___ 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM nirantara abhyAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa utpanna kAvyaparipakvatA kI kramika sthitiyA~ 'kAvyapAka' zabda se abhihita haiN| zabda aura artha ke viziSTa sAhitya se utkRSTa kAvya nirmita hotA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvyanirmANa kI paripakvatA taka pahu~cAne vAle zabdapAka tathA arthapAka kI vizada vivecanA kI hai aura kAvya ke do pakSa svIkAra kie haiM-sauzabdya tathA rasanirvAha / paravartI AcArya mahimabhaTTa kA rasapratIti kI pradhAnatA mAnane vAlA eka mata 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM ullikhita pAka kA sambandha rasa se mAnane vAle avantisundarI ke mata se samAnatA rakhatA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara ke paravartI AcAryoM meM mahimabhaTTa, bhojarAja, vidyAdhara, paNDitarAja jagannAtha tathA kezavamizra ke dvArA bhI kAvyapAka kA ullekha kiyA gyaa| AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA rasa kAvyAtmA rUpa meM svIkRta thaa| paravartI AcArya mahimabhaTTa ne rasAbhivyaktiparaka kavivyApAra ko kAvyasaMjJA dI tathA AcArya vizvanAtha ne bhI rasayukta vAkya ko kAvyalakSaNa rUpa meM prastuta kiyaa|

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[322] AcArya rAjazekhara kA vibhinna kalpanAoM ke alaukika sphuraNa se yukta, sahRdayoM ko rasa se otaprota karane vAlA sarvazreSTha kavi hI paravartIkAla meM AcArya mammaTa kA lokottaravarNanAnipu" kavi bnaa| mahimabhaTTa, vizvezvara Adi AcAryoM ne isI anukaraNa para rasAvinAbhUta alaukika viziSTa gumpha ko kavikarma svIkAra kiyaa| AcArya rAjazekhara ke zreSTha kavi kI sarvaguNasampannatA unakI 'kAvyamImAMsA' dvArA prakaTa hotI hai| paravartI AcArya vinayacandra ne bhI kavi kI sarvaguNasampannatA ko svIkAra kiyA tathA usake kAvyavidyA se sambandha viSayoM meM sarvajJa hone kA ullekha apane 'kAvyazikSA' nAmaka grantha meM kiyaa| kavi ke vyaktigata jIvana se usakA kAvyanirmANa avazya prabhAvita hotA hai| isI kAraNa kavi ke antarmana tathA bAhya pariveza ko pUrNataH sundara banAne ke lie vibhinna kavisambaddha viSaya 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM varNita haiN| svabhAva ko sAtvika banAne se sambaddha aneka nirdeza isI prakAra ke haiN| AcArya rAjazekhara kI yaha svIkRti ki-'kavi ke svabhAva se usakA kAvya avazya prabhAvita hotA hai' AcArya kuntaka ke vividha mArgoM ko unakA AdhAra pradAna karatI hai| yaha vividha mArga kavisvabhAva para AdhArita sukumAra, vicitra tathA madhyama mArga haiN| AcArya kSemendra ne bhI svabhAva kI sAtvikatA ko bauddhika vikAsa ke Antarika sahAyaka sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| kaviyoM ke kAvyaracanAkAla ke AdhAra para prastuta kavivibhAga, kavi kI dinacaryA meM kAvyaracanAsambandhI kAryanirdhAraNa tathA kavi ke svAsthya kI uttamatA hetu prastuta nirdeza 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM hI sarvaprathama parilakSita hue| kavi ke lie dainika kAryoM se sambaddha tathA uttama svAsthya hetu nirdeza paravartI AcArya kSemendra dvArA 'kavikaNThAbharaNa' meM prastuta kie ge| bhAvaka tathA usakI pratibhA kA mahatva kAvyajagat meM sarvamAnya to hai, kintu kAvyazAstrIya grantha meM ina donoM ko viziSTa sthAna AcArya rAjazekhara ne pradAna kiyaa| 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM azAstrIya, alaukika, paramparAyAta artha ke rUpa meM ullikhita kavisamaya kA prabhAva bhI kucha paravartI AcAryo ke granthoM meM parilakSita huaa| AcArya mammaTa, vAgbhaTa Adi ne kavisamaya siddha artha se viruddha varNana ko doSarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA to kavisamayAnukUla varNana AcArya vizvanAtha kA khyAtaviruddhatA guNa bnaa| AcArya hemacandra, devezvara, amarasiMha, arisiMha tathA vinayacandra

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[323] 'kAvyamImAMsA' ke kavisamavivecana se pUrNataH prabhAvita rhe| kezavamizra, vAgbhaTa tathA vizvanAthana bhI kavisamayavivecana ko apane granthoM meM sthAna diyaa| yadyapi ina AcAryoM kA vivecana AcArya rAjazekhara ke vivecana se kucha aMzoM meM pRthak rhaa| kezavamizra tathA vizvanAtha ne rAjazekhara ke kavisamayoM ke atirikta dezAdi kI saMkhyA, RtuoM ke varNyaviSayoM tathA vRkSadohada kA bhI kavisamaya meM antarbhAva kiyaa| vAgbhaTa ne to kavisamaya ke antargata dezAdi kI saMkhyA kA hI vivecana kiyaa| dUsaroM kI kAvyaracanA kA kisI bhI rUpa meM AdhAragrahaNa kAvyaharaNa hai, jisakI mahattA kAvyahetu abhyAsa ke saMdarbha meM svIkRta hai| kAvyaharaNa ko kAvyazAstrIya viSayoM meM antarnihita kara vivecya banAne kA zreya sarvaprathama AcArya rAjazekhara ko hI hai| aneka paravartI AcAryoM ne to pUrNata: usI rUpa meM isa kAvyaharaNa kriyA kA upajIvana nAma se apane granthoM meM varNana kiyaa| AcArya rAjazekhara kA anusaraNa kara hemacandra, vAgbhaTa, kSemendra, bhojarAja, vinayacandra, paNDitarAja jagannAtha Adi ke granthoM meM bhI isa viSaya kI vivecanA huI, kintu rAjazekhara ke vivecana kA svarUpa paripUrNa tathA suniyojita thA, ata: paravartI AcAryoM ke granthoM kA isa viSaya se sambaddha vivecana navIna vicAroM kI prastuti nahIM kara skaa| AcArya kuntaka kA vicitramArgI kavi anUtana zabdoM, arthoM kA uktivaicitrya se navIna rUpa meM ullekha karatA hai| AcArya hemacandra kA upajIvana pUrNataH AcArya rAjazekhara ke vivecana para AdhArita hai| kSemendra ke upajIvana kA sambandha bhI abhyAsI kavi se hai| paravartI AcAryoM meM hemacandra, vAgbhaTa, bhojarAja, kSemendra, vinayacandra Adi AcAryoM ne dUsaroM ke padagrahaNa, pAdagrahaNa, uktigrahaNa Adi ke dvArA kavi kA racanAkArya meM praveza honA svIkAra kiyA hai| paNDitarAja kA samAdhiguNa arthopajIvana tathA arthamaulikatA para AdhArita hai| vizvezvara kI 'sAhityamImAMsA' meM varNita uktibheda-chAyokti tathA ghaTitokti kA sambandha haraNa se hI hai| vinayacandra ne bhI abhyAsahetu kAvyArthacarvaNa tathA parasUktagrahaNa ko mahatvapUrNa maanaa| yaha sabhI AcArya upajIvana ko svIkAra karake bhI AcArya rAjazekhara ke hI samAna zreSThakAvya kA sambandha maulikatA se hI mAnate the| kavi ke lie dezakAlavivecana ko vyavasthAbaddha svarUpa pradAna karate hue AcArya rAjazekhara ne

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[324] paravartI AcAryoM ko naI dizA dI, kintu isa vivecana ko Age bar3hAne kA prayatna karane vAle paravartI AcAryoM kA viSayanirUpaNa pUrNata: 'kAvyamImAMsA' para hI AdhArita rhaa| hemacandra ne to 'kAvyAnuzAsana' meM AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA prastuta dezakAlavivecana kA pUrNataH anukaraNa kiyaa| vinayacandra kA dezavarNana tathA RtuvarNana, devezvara tathA kezavamizra ke RtuvarNana bhI isI prakAra ke haiN| kavi ko kAvyaracanA kA mahAn kArya sampanna karane kA samyaka nirdeza dene ke pazcAt AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvya kI sarakSA kI AvazyakatA para sarvAdhika bala dete hae kavijagat meM bhAvaka tathA kAvyagoSThiyoM ke mahatva ko U~cAiyoM taka phuNcaayaa| unhoMne kAvyagoSThiyoM kI kAryapraNAlI ko navIna viSaya ke rUpa meM apane grantha meM prastuta kiyaa| paravartI kAla meM AcArya bhojarAja ne bhI vidagdhagoSThI meM prayukta praznottara, prahelikAdi kA svarUpa vivecana kiyaa| kavi tathA kAvyajagat kI samRddhi hetu 'rAjacaryA' ke antargata rAjA ko bhI apane amUlya parAmarzo se lAbhAnvita karanA AcArya rAjazekhara nahIM bhuule| kAvyapATha kAvya kI samAja meM prastuti kA sazakta mAdhyama thaa| ata: kAku kI vivecanA ke sAtha hI vibhinna sthAnoM kI pAThapraNAlI ke vaiziSTaya se avagata karAtI 'kAvyamImAMsA' kavi ke lie mahatvapUrNa hai| kAvyaguNoM para hI AdhArita kAvyapATha kA nirdeza kavi ko kAvyamImAMsA se prApta hai| kAvyapATha ke guNadoSa to Aja bhI prAsaGgika haiN| kAvya ko satya, kalyANakArI viSayoM kA prastutakartA kahakara AcArya rAjazekhara ne kAvya, kAvyavidyA tathA kavi kI upAdeyatA kI abhivRddhi hetu ina sabhI kA satya, ziva tathA sundara se sambandha jor3A hai| kAvya meM atizayoktipUrNa asatya varNana bhI prasaGgavaza upasthita hokara kalyANakArI hI hote haiM kyoMki vaha samAja ke sammukha vastusthiti ko spaSTa karate haiM, usako vyAvahArika zikSA dete haiM. aura antataH ucita mArgadarzana kara anucita pathagamana se rokate haiN| vedoM, purANoM tathA zAstroM meM bhI isa prakAra ke varNana arthavAda rUpa meM milate haiM, kintu yaha sabhI grantha mAnavakalyANa ko hI parama prAthamikatA pradAna karate haiN| isa prakAra ke kalyANakArI bhAvoM ke prastutakartA sahRdayahRdayAnandadAyaka kAvya kA parama prayojana

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[325] kavi kI dRSTi se bhI paramAnanda tathA yaza hI AcArya rAjazekhara dvArA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ve svayaM kavirUpa meM kIrtikaumudI se Alokita, ata: Anandita the| isI kAraNa bAlarAmAyaNa meM unhoMne kahA-phullA kIrtirbhamati sukaverdikSu yAyAvarasya-pra0aM0, shlok-6| AcArya rAjazekhara ke kavigaNa kAvyamaya zarIra se martyaloka meM tathA divyazarIra se svargaloka meM pralaya paryanta nivAsa karate hue paramAnanda ko prApta karate haiM-kAvyamayena zarIreNa martyamadhivasanto divyena dehena kavaya AkalpaM modante (kAvyamImAMsA-tRtIya adhyAya) jaba taka kavi ke kAvya kI bhAvakoM dvArA prasArita kI gaI yazacandra kI jyotsanA se dazoM dizAe~ prakAzamaya na hoM, taba taka kavi ke kAvyanirmANa kI sArthakatA nahIM hotI-kAvyena kiM kavestasya tnmnomaatrvRttinaa| nIyante bhAvakairyasya na nibandhA dizo dsh| kA0mI0, tR0 a0 / sarasvatI kI kRpA se prApta kAvya kA nirmAtA kavi mahAn hai to usakA rasAnubhava karate hue paramAnandita hokara kAvya kI mahimA ke pracAraka sahRdaya bhAvaka bhI to kucha kama nahIM hai| isI kAraNa AcArya rAjazekhara ne 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM kavi tathA bhAvaka ko sammAna kI parAkASThA 'kAvyamImAMsA' ne kavi ko kAvyanirmANa ke lie anupama nirdeza die to bhAvakoM ke lie bhI samasta vyaktigata doSoM se dUra rahakara kevala kAvya ke rasAnubhava se apane hRdaya ko ekAkAra karane ke atananIya parAmarza prastuta kie| ataH AcArya rAjazekhara kI 'kAvyamImAMsA' kavi tathA bhAvaka donoM ke lie prastuta atulanIya, vilakSaNa grantha hai| apanI isa anupama kRti ke nirdeza rUpI asaMkhya prasUnoM tathA unake parAgakaNoM se kAvyazAstrIya jagat rUpI vATikA ke sundara, surabhita svarUpa ko hamAre dRSTipaTala para aGkita karane vAle AcArya rAjazekhara ko sAdara zatazaH nmn|

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[326] pariziSTa sandarbha - grantha - sUcI (1) agnipurANa kA kAvyazAstrIya bhAga, anuvAdaka -rAmalAlavarmA, zAstrI (2) amarakoza-amarasiMha (3) alaGkArazekhara-kezava mizra sampAdana-pANDuraGga javAjI (4) abhinava bhAratI-abhinavagupta sampAdana-ema0 rAmakRSNa kavi (5) atrisaMhitA (smRtisamuccaya meM saGgahita) (6) arthazAstra - kauTilya (Part-I) sampAdana- vAcaspati gairolA (7) aSTAdhyAyI-pANini (8) alaGkArasarvasva-rUyyaka (9) alaGkArakaustubha-vizvezvara paNDita (10) AcArya kSemendra sampAdana- manohara lAla gaur3a (aucityavicAracarcA, suvRttatilaka, kavikaNThAbharaNa kA samIkSA sahita anuvAda) (11) AcArya daNDI evaM saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa darzana- DA0 jayazaGkara tripAThI (12) udayasundarIkathA- soDDhala (13) uNAdisUtravRtti- ujjavaladatta (14) uttarabhArata kA rAjanItika itihAsa-DA0 vI0ena0 pAThaka (15) uktivyaktiprakaraNa- dAmodara (16) ekAvalI- vidyAdhara (17) aitareyabrAhmaNa (18) aucityavicAracarcA- kSemendra vyAkhyAkAra - AcArya brajamohana jhA, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI

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[327] (19) kAvyamImAMsA- rAjazekhara (ka) bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, kedAranAtha zarmA sArasvata (kha) gAyakavAr3a orienTala sIrIja - Vol. I, sI0DI0 dalAla, Ara0e0 zAstrI (ga) madhusUdana mizrA - caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI (gha) DA0 gaGgAsAgara rAya - hindI vyAkhyA sahita (20) karpUramaJjarI- rAjazekhara sampAdana-(ka) rAmakumAra AcArya (kha) ena0 jI0 suru (21) kAvyAnuzAsana- hemacandra-Vol. I, sampAdana-rasikalAla sI0 pArikha (22) kAvyAlaGkAra- bhAmaha sampAdana- sI0 zaGkara rAma zAstrI, bAlamanoramA presa, madrAsa (23) kAvyAlaGkAra- rudraTa, vyAkhyAkAra - rAmadevazukla, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI (24) kAvyAdarza-daNDI, sampAdana-ke0 rAya (25) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti- vAmana, vyAkhyAkAra - AcArya vizvezvara siddhAnta ziromaNi, sampAdana - DA0 nagendra (26) kAvyazikSA-vinayacandrasUri, sampAdana-DA. harI prasAda jI0 zAstrI (27) kAvyaprakAza -mammada vyAkhyAkAra - vizvezvara (28) kavikalpalatA (saTIka)-devezvara, sampAdana- paNDita zarat candra zAstrI (29) kumArasambhavam- kAlidAsa (30) kirAtArjunIyam- bhAravi (31) kAmasUtra- vAtsyAyana, sampAdana- devadatta zAstrI (32) kAvyakalAnidhi- zrIharSa (33) kAlanirNaya- ema0 mAdhavAcArya (34) kAvyaparIkSA- vatsalAJchana (35) kAvyaparizuddhi- vAsudevazAstrI

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[328] (36) kavirahasya- gopAlarAva (37) kAvyazikSaka grantha- sAdhogiri (38) kAvyAlaGkArasArasaGagraha- bhaTTodbhaTTa (39) (ka) kAvyakalpalatAvRtti- amaracandra, (kha) kAvyakalpatA-arisiMha (40) kAvyaprakAzarahasyam- sItA rAma jozI (41) kAvyAnuzAsana- vAgbhaTa, sampAdana- zivadatta (42) kavikaNThAbharaNa- kSemendra (kSemendra - laghukAvyasaGagraha) (43) kavisamayamImAMsA- viSNu svarUpa (44) kAvyazAstrIya nibandha- paramparA tathA siddhAntapakSa- DA0 satyadeva caudharI (45) tilakamaJjarI- dhanapAla (46) dazarUpaka- dhanaJjaya (47) dezopadezanarmamAlA- kSemendra kAzmIra sIrIja- pUnA (48) dezInAmamAlA-hemacandra, pUnA (49) dhvanyAloka- Anandavardhana hindI vyAkhyA- AcArya vizvezvara sampAdana- DA0 nagendra (50) dhvanyAlokalocana- abhinavagupta (51) nATyazAstra- bharatamuni Vols I, II, III abhinavagasa kI abhinavabhAratI vyAkhyA sahita, sampAdana- ema0 rAmakRSNa kavi (52) naiSadhIyacaritam- zrIharSa (53) nirukta- yAska

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[329] ( 54 ) prabandhakoSa- rAjazekharasUrI, sampAdana- jinavijayasUrI (55) pANinikAlIna bhAratavarSa- vAsudevazaraNa agravAla (56) pAtaJjala vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya- jI0esa0 jozI ( 57 ) pAtaJjala yogasUtra - vyAsa vyAkhyA (58) prAcIna bhArata- rAdhAkumuda mukharjI (59) bAlarAmAyaNa- rAjazekhara (60) bAlabhArata - rAjazekhara (61) baudhAyana dharmasUtra - caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja (62) brahmANDapurANa (63) bhaviSyapurANa- bhAga 1 (64) bhaugolika koza - nandUlAla De (65) bhAratIya itihAsa koza- saccidAnanda bhaTTAcArya ( 66 ) bhAratIya kAvyasiddhAnta - sampAdana - kAkA kAlelakara evaM DA0 nagendra lokabhAratI prakAzana (67) bhAratIya sAhityazAstra - gaNeza tryambaka dezapANDe (68) mAlatImAdhavam - bhavabhUti (69) madhyakAlIna bhArata kI sAmAjika avasthA - hindustAnI ekeDamI vyAkhyAnamAlA (70) mahAbhArata - Adiparva, zAntiparva (71) mArkaNDeya purANa (72) manusmRti (73) mAlavikAgnimitram - kAlidAsa (74) meghadUtam - kAlidAsa (75) yazastilakacampU- somadeva (76) rAjataraGgiNI - kalhaNa

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[330] (77) rasagaGgAdhara - paNDita jagannAtha, saMskRta vyAkhyA- badarInAtha jhA, hindI vyAkhyAmanamohana jhA, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI (78) raghuvaMzam - kAlidAsa (79) RtusaMhAram - kAlidAsa ( 80 ) viddhazAlabhaJjikA- rAjazekhara, sampAdana - ramAkAnta tripAThI (81) vakroktijIvitam -- kuntaka, vyAkhyAkAra- vizvezvara, sampAdana- DA0 nagendra (82) vyaktiviveka - mahimabhaTTa kAzI saMskRta granthamAlA, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja (83) vAgbhaTAlaGkAra- vAgbhaTa hindI TIkAkAra- DA0 satyavrata siMha, caukhambA (84) vAyupurANa, Vol. I, dvitIya khaNDa (85) viSNupurANa ( 86 ) sahRdaya - A Sanskrit Journal, Vols 14 24 (87) sUktimuktAvalI - jalhaNa ( 88 ) suprabhAta - Monthly Magazine, Vol - V (89) suvRttatilaka - kSemendra (90) sAhityadarpaNa- vizvanAtha zAlagrAmazAstri kI hindI vyAkhyA sahita (91) sAhityamImAMsA - vizvezvara, sampAdana- ke0 sAmbazivazAstrI (92) sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa - bhojarAja (93) saMskRta kaviyoM kI anokhI sUjha- bhaTUTa janArdana (94) saMskRta kAvyadhArA- rAhula sAMkRtyAyana

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[331] (95) saMskRta AlocanA- baladeva upAdhyAya (96) saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa- pI0vI0 kANe anuvAdaka- DA0 indra candra zAstrI (97) zRMGgAraprakAza- bhojarAja sampAdana- (ka) vI0 rAghavana, (kha) G.R. Josyer (98) zrImadbhAgavatamahApurANa- Vol. I - II sarala hindI vyAkhyA sahita (99) zrIkaNThacarita- maGkhaka (100) ziSyadhIvRddhiH- lallAcArya (101) zizupAlavadham- mAgha (102) harSacarita- vANabhaTTa (103) halAyudhakoza (104) hindI abhinava bhAratI- bhASya - vizvezvara, sampAdana- DA0 nagendra (105) Bulletin of the Government Oriental Manuscripts Library Madras, Ed. T. Candra shekharan Vol. II, III, IV (106) Corpus Inscriptionum, Indicarum, Vol. IV - Mirashi (107) Collections of manuscripts-a descriptive catalogue of the Government deposited at the Deccan College, Poona Vol. I (Part - I) (108) Descriptive catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts of the Vinayak Mahadev Gore Collection- R.G. Harshe, Deccan College, Poona (109) Descriptive catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit manuscripts in Bombay University Library Vol. II (110) Dictionary on Important Geographical names in Ancient India - Vaman Shivram Apte (111) Epigraphica Indica - Vol. 1,9

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[332] (112) Indian Antiquary - Vol. 12, 14, 15 (113) India - What can it teach us? -- Maxmuller (114) Hindu Theatre - H.H. Wilson (115) History of Sanskrit Literature - Classical Period, Vol. I - S.N. Dasgupta Publishers-Sunderlal Jain, Motilal Banarasidas (117) Histrocial and Literary Inscriptions-- R.B. Pandey (118) Language and Literature-G.V. Devasthali (119) Rajshekhar's Karpurmanjari- S. Konow, C.R. Lanman (120) Rajshekhar - His life and Writings- Vaman Shivram Apte (121) Sanskrit Poetics-- S.K. Dey Firma---- K.L. Mukhopadhyay (122) Umesh Mishra Commemoration Volume (1970) Ganga Nath Jha Research Institute, Allahabad (123) 1 - Principles of Literary Criticism in Sanskrit. II- The Interrelation of the fa and the page in Sanskrit Literary criticism- V. Venkatachlam Papers of a Seminar Sponsered by the U.G.C. New Delhi - Held in University of Udaipur (124) 'The Sanskrit Drama'-A.B. Keith