Jain Tirthon ka Aetihasik Adhyayana

Author(s): Shivprasad
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002075/1

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pAzrvanAtha vizvAsa prazvamAlA: 56 sampAdaka sAgaramalata jaina tIrthoM kA parikAsakA adhyayana DA0 zivaprasAda saccaM logammi sAramUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna,vArANasI-5

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 56 saMpAdaka : pro. sAgaramala jaina jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana ( vividha tIrthakalpa ke saMdarbha meM ) lekhaka : DA0 zivaprasAda risarca esosieTa prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva vibhAga kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya z-I C'> CWUWTRUIS --- - VARANASIS pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5

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pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 56 granthamAlA sampAdaka : pro0 sAgaramala jaina Parshvanath Vidhyashram Series : 56 Jain Tirthon ka Aitihasika Adhayayana Dr. Shiva Prasad Published by : P. V. Research Institute Varanasi-221005 First Edition : 1991 Price : Rs. 100.00 C prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-221005 mudraka prathama saMskaraNa : 1991 DivAina priMTarsa mUlya : 100.00 vArANa sI-1

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prAcya jaina vidyA ke samuddhAraka padmazrI muni jinavijaya jI (1888 I0-1676 I0) ko sAdara samarpita

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prakAzakIya tIrtha kisI bhI dharmaparamparA ke prANa mAne jAte haiN| jaina dharma meM bhI tIrthoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai aura tIrtha sambandhI aneka racanAyeM likhI gyiiN| Adhunika kAla meM bhI tripuTI mahArAja dvArA likhita jaina tIrthono itihAsa, paM0 ambAlAla pI0zAha dvArA likhita jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha tathA madrAsa kI zvetAmbara jaina saMsthA dvArA prakAzita tIrthadarzana evaM digambara paramparA meM paM0 balabhadra jaina dvArA likhita bhAratavarSa ke digambara jainatIrtha Adi kaI grantha prakAzita hue haiN| yadyapi ina granthoM meM tIrthoM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha unakA saMkSipta itihAsa bhI dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, kintu unameM itihAsa kI apekSA anuzrutiyoM para hI adhika bala diyA gayA hai| vastutaH jaina tIrthoM ke sambandha meM zodhaparaka dRSTi se abhI taka kucha lekhoM ko chor3akara bahata kama likhA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM DA0 zivaprasAda ne vividhatIrthakalpa ko AdhAra banAkara zodhaparaka dRSTi se jaina tIrthoM kA vivecana apane zodha prabandha meM kiyA thA jisa para unheM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pIeca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gii| unake isa zodha nibandha ko prakAzita karane meM sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM ke kAraNa kucha bAdhAyeM AtI thii| cU~ki pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama kA prArambha se hI sampradAyanirapekSa aura zodhaparaka dRSTikoNa rahA hai, ataH hamane isake prakAzana kA nirNaya liyaa| DA0 zivaprasAda ne na kevala prakAzana hetu graMtha saMsthAna ko samarpita kiyA apitu usake prakAzana kI sampUrNa prakriyA meM bhI ve prArambha se lekara anta taka jur3e rhe| usake lie hama unake AbhArI haiN| prakAzana prakriyA meM saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina ne bhI apanA pUrNa sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| sucAru rUpa se mudraNa ke lie DivAina prinTarsa ke bhI AbhArI haiN| bhUpendranAtha jaina mantrI pA0vi0 zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI

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Amukha jainadharma bhAratavarSa ke atiprAcIna aura jIvanta dharmoM meM se eka hai| brAhmaNa dharma aura bauddha dharma kI bhAMti jaina dharma meM bhI tIrthoM kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / jaina tIrthoM ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM AgamoM, unakI niyuktiyoM, cUrNiyoM, bhASyoM aura TIkAoM meM tathA digambara paramparA ke vibhinna graMthoM yathA--tiloyapaNNattI, purANa sAhitya evaM kathA graMthoM meM bahuta kucha sAmagrI prApta hotI hai / tIrthoM ke sambandha meM svataMtra racanAoM kA prArambha IsavI san kI 11vIM zatI se mAnA jAtA hai, isake bAda se donoM sampradAyoM meM caitya paripATI, tIrthayAtrAvivaraNa, tIrthamAlAe~, tIrthastavana Adi aneka racanAyeM nirmita huI / jinaprabhasUrikRta kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa ina sabhI racanAoM meM sarvazreSTha hai| cUMki jaina tIrthoM para zodhapUrNa dRSTi se lekhanakArya kA prAyaH abhAva hI hai / mujhe vizvAsa hai ki prastuta grantha isa abhAva kI pUrti meM sahAyaka siddha hogaa| prastuta grantha mere zodha prabandha kA saMzodhita rUpa hai / yaha nau adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya viSayapraveza bhUmikA svarUpa hai, jisameM pUrva ke zodha kAryoM kA sarvekSaNa, srota sAmagrI aura adhyayana zailI Adi kA vivecana hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM graMthakAra aura graMtha kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai / kalpapradIpa meM tIrthaviSayaka sAmagrI ke adhyayana kI Avazyaka pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM tRtIya adhyAya meM IsA pUrva chaThI zatI se lekara caudahavIM zatI taka jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra kA 'eka saMkSipta sarvekSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / caturtha adhyAya meM tIrthoM kA paramparAgata evaM pradezAnusAra vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| paramparAgata vibhAjana meM tIrthoM ko kalyANakakSetra, siddhakSetra aura atizaya kSetra meM bA~TA jAtA rahA / prastuta graMtha meM pradezAnusAra vibhAjanazailI ko apanAyA gayA hai / isake pAMca vibhAga kiye gaye haiM-uttarabhArata, pUrvabhArata, madhyabhArata, pazcimabhArata aura dakSiNabhArata / Age ke zeSa

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( VI ) pAMca adhyAyoM meM inhIM vibhAgoM ke tIrthoM kA varNakramAnusAra adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ____ kalpapradIpa meM kucha aise bhI tIrthoM kA ullekha AyA hai, jinake bAre meM hameM anya graMthoM se to koI madada nahIM milatI, parantu pUrAtAttvika pramANoM se unakA jainatIrtha honA spaSTa hai| isa sambandha meM canderI kA vizeSarUpa se ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| __ prastuta grantha ke lekhana meM mujhe vibhinna vidvAnoM kA jo sahayoga milA hai, usake lie maiM unakA atyanta AbhArI huuN| una vidvAnoM kA, jinakI kRtiyA~ isa racanA meM sahAyaka rahI haiM, graMtha kI pAda-TippaNiyoM meM yathAsaMdarbha ullekha hai aura graMtha sUcI meM bhI unake nAma tathA unakI kRtiyoM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta graMtha ke sucAra rUpa se lekhana aura sampAdana ke sambandha meM apane pUjya guru pro0 jagadIza nArAyaNa tivArI, pro0 sAgaramala jaina aura pro0 ema0e0 DhAkI ke prati kRtajJatAjJApana unake mahattva ko kama karanA hogaa| zodhakArya ke samaya mujhe apane vibhAga ke sabhI gurujanoM aura pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke adhikAriyoM kA sakriya sahayoga prApta rahA aura unake dvArA sadaiva protsAhana milatA rahA, jise maiM apanA saubhAgya mAnatA huuN| pUjya paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, pro0 kRSNadatta bAjapeyI, DA0 hariprasAda zAstrI, sva0 zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA, zrI bhaMvara lAla jI nAhaTA, sva0 zrI kailAzacandra jI zAstrI, paM0 zrI jayarAma zAstrI, DA0 harihara siMha Adi kA bhI maiM atyanta AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne vibhinna avasaroM para tatparatApUrvaka apanI sahAyatA aura parAmarza se mujhe lAbha paha~cAyA hai| isa sambandha meM maiM apane variSTha mitroM DA0 rameza candra gupta, DA0 aruNa pratApa siMha, DA0 ravIndranAtha mizra, DA0 sItA rAma dube aura DA0 jagadambA prasAda upAdhyAya ke prati bhI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~, jinhoMne mujhe vibhinna prakAra kI sahAyatA pradAna kii| isa grantha ke prakAzana kA pUrNa zreya pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke prANa pro0 sAgaramala jaina ko hai, jinhoMne aneka kaThinAiyoM ke uparAnta bhI isa prakAzana ko saMbhava bnaayaa| rAmanavamI, 2049 -ziva prasAda

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viSayAnukramaNikA (iii) prakAzakIya Amukha (iv) prAkkathana (1) prathama adhyAya : viSaya praveza : pUrva ke adhyayanoM kA sarvekSaNa-4, jaina tIrthoM ke itihAsa kI srota sAmagrI-7, sAhityika sAkSya-7, purAtAttvika sAkSya-10, (i) abhilekhIya sAkSya-10, (i) jaina purAvazeSa-11 dvitIya adhyAya : granthakAra aura grantha kA paricaya : 14-25 jinaprabhasUri kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya-14, vividhatIrthakalpa kA paricaya-18 tRtIya adhyAya : jaina dharma kA prasAra : aitihAsika sarvekSaNa : 26-60 jaina dharma kA prArambhika prasAra-27, uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma-33 dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma-41, gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a meM jaina dharma-45 caturtha adhyAya : tIrthoM kA vibhAjana : 61-73 tIrtha zabda kA artha-61 1. uttara bhArata-68, 2. pUrva bhArata-69, 3. madhya bhArata-69, 4. pazcima bhArata-70, (a) rAjasthAna70, (ba, gujarAta-saurASTra-70, 5. dakSiNApatha aura dakSiNa bhArata-71, (a) mahArASTra-71, (ba) Andhra pradeza-72, (sa) karNATaka-72, (da) kerala-72 paMcama adhyAya : uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha : 74-120 1. ayodhyAnagarIkalpa-74, 2. ahicchatrAnagarIkalpa-81, 3. kAmpilyapurakalpa-85, 4. kauzAmbInagarIkalpa-89, 5. candrAvatI-92, 6. prayAga-95, 7. mathurApurIkalpa-98, 8. ratnavAhapurakalpa-103, 9. vArANasInagarIkalpa-104, 10. vindhyAcala parvata-110, 11. zrAvastInagarIkalpa-111, 12. zaurIpura-115, 13. hastinApurakalpa-117

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(VIII SaSThama adhyAya : pUrva bhArata : 121-146 - (a) bihAra- 1. kuNDagrAma- 121, 2. koTizilAtIrthaM - 123, 3. campApurIkalpa - 125 4. pATaliputranagarakalpa - 129, 5. pAvA-purI - 135, 6. mithilApurIkalpa- 137, 7. vaibhAragirikalpa- 140, 8. sammetazikhara - 143, (ba) baMgAla - 1 - 2. puNDraparvata aura koTibhUmi - 147, ( sa ) ur3IsA - 1. kaliGgadeza - 148, 2 mAhendra parvata - 149 saptama adhyAya : madhya bhArata : 150-173 1. avantidezastha abhinandanadevakalpa - 150, 2. oMkAra parvata - 152 3. kuMDugezvaranAbhepa devakalpa - 153. 4. canderI-160, 5. DhIMpurI tIrtha- 165, 6. dazapura-169, 7. vidizA - 171 aSTama adhyAya : pazcima bhArata : 174-266. (a) rAjasthAna - 1 arbudagirikalpa- 175, 2. upakezapura-179 3. karaTaka - 184, 4. nandivardhana - 185, 5. nAgahRda - 189, 6. nANA - 191, 7. pAlI - 191a, 8. zrIphalavaddhikApArzvanAtha. kalpa- 195, 9. muNDasthala-198, 10. zuddhadantIsthita pArzvanAthakalpa-200, 11. satyapuratIrtha - 202, (ba) gujarAta saurASTra1 ajAharA-207, 2. amburiNIgrAma - 208 3. aNahilapurasthita ariSTanemikalpa- 208 4 azvAbabodhatIrtha - 212, 5. urja-yantagiri - 216, 6. kAzahRda - 220, 7. kokAvasati pArzvanAtha kalpa- 224, 8 kheTaka - 228, 9. khaGgAragar3ha - 230, 10. tAraNa (tAraGgA) 231, 11. dvArakA - 235, 12. nagara mahAsthAna - 236013. pATalAnagara - 238, 14. prabhAsapATana - 240, 15. moDheraka rAmasaina- 245, ( moDherA ) 243, 16. 17. 58. vAyaDa - 250, 19. pArzvanAthakalpa - 257, kalpa- 262, 23. stambhatIrtha - 264 zatruJjayakalpa - 252, 21. siMhapura - 261, navama adhyAya : dakSiNa bhArata : 267.286 2. DAkinI bhImazaMkara (a) mahArASTra - 1. kolhApura - 267, 269, 3. nAsikyapurakalpa - 270, 4. pratiSThAnapattanakalpa - 272 valabhI- 247 20. zaMkhezvara 22. stambhanaka

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( IX ) zrIpura antarikSapArzvanAthakalpa- 276, 6. sUrpAraka - 279 ( ba ) Andhrapradeza - 1. AmarakoNDapadmAvatIdevIkalpa - 281 kulpAkamANikyadeva kalpa- 283, 3. zrI parbata 285, 2. (sa) karNATaka - 1. kiSkindhA - 286, 2. dakSiNApatha gommaTezvara bAhubali - 287, 3. zaMkhajinAlaya-287 / (da) kerala - 1. malayagiri / sahAyaka grantha sUcI 260-310 1. jaina Agama - 290, 2. aMgabAhya jaina sAhitya 292, prazastiyA 295, grantha sUcI 295, paTTAvaliyA~ 296, videzI yAtriyoM ke vivaraNa 296, jaina abhilekha sambandhI grantha 296, brAhmaNIyagrantha 292, bauddha grantha 197, Adhunika grantha aura lekha sUcI 298 akarAdikramasUcI 311-336 1. muni AcAryAdi sUcI - 311, 2 gaNagaccha 317, 3. grantha nAma 317, 4. devatAdi 321, 5. rAjA zrAvavAdi- 324, 6. bhaugolika nAmasUcI (ka) nagara grAmAdi- 326 ( kha ) nadI parvata - 334, (ga) maMdira caityAdi - 335 /

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bhUmikA jainadharma meM tIrtha kA mahattva ____samagra bhAratIya paramparAoM meM 'tIrtha' kI avadhAraNA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai phira bhI jaina paramparA meM tIrtha ko jo mahattva diyA gayA hai vaha viziSTa hI hai, kyoMki usameM dharma ko hI tIrtha kahA gayA hai aura dharma pravartaka tathA upAsanA evaM sAdhanA ke Adarza ko tIrthaMkara kahA gayA hai| anya dharma paramparAoM meM jo sthAna Izvara kA hai, vahI jaina paramparA meM tIrthaGkara kA hai| tIrthaGkara ko dharmarUpI tIrtha kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jo tIrtha arthAt dharma mArga kI sthApanA karatA hai, vahI tIrthaGkara hai| isa prakAra jainadharma meM tIrtha evaM tIrthaGkara kI avadhAraNAe~ paraspara jur3I huI haiM aura ve jainadharma kI prANa haiM / jainadharma meM tIrtha kA sAmAnya artha __ jainAcAryoM ne tIrtha kI avadhAraNA para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| tIrtha zabda kI vyutpattiparaka vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA haitIryate aneneti tIrthaH' arthAt jisake dvArA pAra huA jAtA hai vaha tIrtha kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya artha meM nadI, samudra Adi ke ve taTa jinase usa pAra jAne kI yAtrA prArambha kI jAtI thI tIrtha kahalAte the; isa artha meM jainAgama jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM mAgadha tIrtha, varadAma tIrtha aura prabhAsa tIrtha kA ullekha milatA hai / tIrtha kA lAkSaNika artha ___ lAkSaNika dRSTi se jainAcAryoM ne tIrtha zabda kA artha liyA-jo saMsAra samudra se pAra karatA hai, vaha tIrtha hai aura aise tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAlA tIrthaGkara hai / saMkSepa meM mokSa-mArga ko hI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM zratadharma, sAdhanA mArga, prAvacana, pravacana 1. (a) abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa, caturtha bhAga, pR0 2242 (ba) sthAnAMga ttiikaa|| 2. jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 3 / 57,59, 62 (sampA0 madhukara muni)

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( 2 ) aura tIrtha -ina pAMcoM ko paryAyavAcI batAyA gayA hai|' isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha zabda kevala taTa athavA pavitra yA pUjya sthala ke artha meM prayukta na hokara eka vyApaka artha meM prayukta huA hai| tIrtha se jainoM kA tAtparya mAtra kisI pavitra sthala taka hI sImita nahIM hai| ve to samagra dharmamArga aura dharma sAdhakoM ke samUha ko hI tIrtha-rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| tIrtha kA AdhyAtmika artha jainoM ne tIrtha ke laukika aura vyutpattiparaka artha se Upara uThakara use AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM cANDAlakulotpanna harakezI nAmaka mahAn nirgrantha sAdhaka se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki ApakA sarovara kauna sA hai ? ApakA zAntitIrtha kauna-sA hai ? to usake pratyuttara meM unhoMne kahA ki dharma hI merA sarovara hai aura brahmacarya hI zAnti-tIrtha hai jisameM snAna karake AtmA nirmala aura vizuddha ho jAtI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki saritA Adi dravyatIrtha to mAtra bAhyamala arthAt zarIra kI zuddhi karate haiM athavA ve kevala nadI, samudra Adi ke pAra paha~cAte haiM, ata: ve vAstavika tIrtha nahIM haiN| vAstavika tIrtha to vaha hai jo jIva ko saMsArasamudra se usa pAra mokSarUpI taTa para pahu~cAtA hai| vizeSAvazyaka suyadhammatitthamaggo pAvayaNaM pavayaNaM ca egaTThA / suttaM taMtaM gaMtho pADho satthaM pavayaNaM ca egaThA / / vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1378 ke te harae ? ke ya te santititthe ? kahiMsi NahAo va rayaM jahAsi ? dhamme haraye baMbhe santititthe aNAvile attapasannalese / jahiMsi pahAo vimalo visuddho susIibhUo pajahAmi dosaM // uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 12 / 45-46 dehAitArayaM jaM bajjhamalAvaNayaNAimettaM ca / NegaMtANaccaM tiya phalaM ca to danvatitthaM taM // iha tAraNAiphalayaMti pahANa-pANA-'vagAhaNaI hiN| bhavatArayaMti keI taM no jIvovaghAyAo / vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1028-1029

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( 3 ) bhASya meM na kevala laukika tIrthasthaloM (dravyatIrtha) kI apekSA AdhyA tmika tIrtha (bhAvatIrtha ) kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai, apitu nadiyoMke jala meM snAna aura usakA pAna athavA unameM avagAhana mAtra se saMsAra se mukti mAna lene kI dhAraNA kA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai / bhASyakAra kahatA hai ki "dAha kI zAnti, tRSA kA nAza ityAdi kAraNoM se gaMgA Adi ke jala ko zarIra ke lie upakArI hone se tIrtha mAnate ho to anya khAdya, peya evaM zarIra zuddhi karane vAle dravya ityAdi bhI zarIra ke upakArI hone ke kAraNa tIrtha mAne jAyeMge kintu inheM koI bhI tIrtharUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatA hai" / " vAstava meM to tIrtha vaha hai jo hamAre AtmA ke mala ko dhokara hameM saMsAra sAgara se pAra karAtA hai / jaina paramparA kI tIrtha kI yaha adhyAtmaparaka vyAkhyA hameM vaidika paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai / usameM kahA gayA hai - satya tIrtha hai, kSamA aura indriya-nigraha bhI tIrtha hai / samasta prANiyoM ke prati dayAbhAva, citta kI saralatA, dAna, santoSa, brahmacarya kA pAlana, priyavacana, jJAna, dhairya aura puNya karma - ye sabhI tIrtha haiM / dravyatIrtha aura bhAvatIrtha jainoM ne tIrtha ke jaMgamatIrtha aura sthAvaratIrtha aise do vibhAga bhI kiye haiM / inheM hama kramazaH cetanatIrtha aura jar3atIrtha athavA bhAvatIrtha 1. 2. 3. dehovagAri vA teNa titthamiha dAhanAsaNAIhi / mahu-majja- maMsa - vessAdao vi to titthamAvannaM // vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1031 satyaM tIrthaM kSamA tIrthaM tIrthamindriyanigrahaH / sarvabhUtadayAtIrtha sarvatrArjavameva ca // dAnaM tIrthaM damastIrthaM saMtoSastIrthamucyate / brahmacaryaM paraM tIrthaM tIrthaM ca priyavAditA // tIrthAnAmapi tattIrthaM vizuddhimanasaH parA / zabdakalpadra uma - 'tIrtha', pR0 626 bhAve tithaM saMgha suvihiyaM tArao tarhi sAhU | nANAitiyaM taraNaM tariyavvaM bhavasamuddo yaM // vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1032

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( 4 ) aura dravyatIrtha bhI kaha sakate haiM / vastutaH nadI, sarovara Adi to jar3a yA dravya tIrtha haiM, jabaki zrutavihita mArga para calane vAlA saMgha bhAvatIrtha hai aura vahI vAstavika tIrtha hai / usameM sAdhujana pAra karAne vAle haiM, jJAnAdi ratnatraya naukA-rUpa tairane ke sAdhana haiM aura saMsAra-samudra hI pAra karane kI vastu hai / jina jJAna darzana- cAritra Adi dvArA ajJAnAdi sAMsArika bhAvoM se pAra huA jAtA hai, ve hI bhAvatIrtha haiM / krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi mala haiM, inako jo nizcaya hI dUra karatA hai vahI vAstava meM tIrtha hai / " jinake dvArA krodhAdi kI agni ko zAnta kiyA jAtA hai vahI saMgha vastutaH tIrtha hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prAcIna jaina paramparA meM Atmazuddhi kI sAdhanA aura jisa saMgha meM sthita hokara yaha sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai, vaha saMgha hI vAstavika tIrtha mAnA gayA hai / 'tIrtha' ke cAra prakAra vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA ullekha hai, nAmatIrtha, sthApanAtIrtha, dravyatIrtha aura bhAvatIrtha / jinheM tIrtha nAma diyA gayA hai ve nAmatIrtha haiM / ve vizeSa sthala jinheM tIrtha mAna liyA gayA hai, ye sthApanAtIrtha haiM / anya paramparAoM meM pavitra mAne gaye nadI,. sarovara Adi athavA jinendradeva ke janma, dIkSA, kaivalya prApti evaM nirvANa ke sthala dravyatIrtha haiM, jabaki mokSamArga aura usakI sAdhanA karane vAlA caturvidhasaMgha bhAvatIrtha hai | isa prakAra jainadharma meM sarvaprathama to jinopadiSTa dharma, usa dharma kA pAlana karane vAle sAdhu 1. jaM mANa- daMsaNa-caritabhAvao tavvivakkhabhAvAo / bhava bhAvao ya tArei teNaM taM bhAvao titthaM // taha koha- loha - kammamayadAha- tarahA- malAvaNyaNA / egaMteNaccataM ca kuNai ya suddhi bhavoghAo || dAhosamAisu vA jaM tisu thiyamahava daMsagAI | to titthaM saMgho cciya ubhayaM va vise saNa visessaM // kohaggidAhasamaNAdao va te caiva jassa tiSNatthA / hoi tiyatthaM titthaM tamatthavaddo phalattho'yaM // vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1033-1036 nAmaM ThavaNA- titthaM, davvatitthaM ceva bhAvatitthaM ca / abhidhAna rAjendra koSa, caturtha bhAga, pR0 2242

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sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikArUpa caturvidhasaMgha ko hI tIrtha aura usake saMsthApaka ko tIrthaGkara kahA gayA hai| yadyapi paravartI kAla meM pavitra sthala bhI dravya tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiye gaye haiN| tIrtha zabda dharmasaMgha ke artha meM prAcIna kAla meM zramaNa paramparA ke sAhitya meM 'tIrtha' zabda kA prayoga dharma saMgha ke artha meM hotA rahA hai| pratyeka dharmasaMgha yA dhArmika sAdhakoM kA varga tIrtha kahalAtA thA, isI AdhAra para apanI paramparA se bhinna logoM ko taithika yA anyatairthika kahA jAtA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM bauddha Adi anya zramaNa paramparAoM ko taithika yA anyatairthika ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai|' bauddha grantha dIghanikAya ke sAmaJaphalasutta meM bhI nirgrantha jJAtaputra mahAvIra ke atirikta maMkhaligozAlaka, ajitakezakambala, pUrNakAzyapa, pakudhakAtyAyana Adi ko bhI titthakara ( tIrthaMkara ) kahA gayA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki unake sAdhakoM kA varga bhI tIrtha ke nAma se abhihita hotA thaa| jaina paramparA meM to jainasaMgha yA jaina sAdhakoM ke samudAya ke lie tIrtha zabda kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka yathAvat pracalita hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue kahA hai ki 'he bhagavan ! ApakA yaha tIrtha sarvodaya arthAt sabakA kalyANa karane vAlA hai|3 mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha sadaiva hI tIrtha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| sAdhanA kI sukaratA aura duSkaratA ke AdhAra para tIrthoM kA vargIkaraNa vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM sAdhanA paddhati ke sukara yA duSkara hone ke AdhAra para bhI ina saMgharUpI tIrthoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 'paratitthiyA'-sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 6 / 1 evaM vutte, annataro rAjAmacco rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasattuM vedehiputtaM etadavoca-'ayaM, deva, pUraNo kassapo saGkI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ca, nAto, yasassI, titthakaro, sAdhusammato bahujanassa, rattanna, cirapabbajito, addhagato vyoanupptto| dIghanikAya (sAmaJaphalasuttaM) 212 sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva // 61 mahAvIra kA sarvodaya tIrtha, pa012

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bhASyakAra ne cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai' ki1. sarvaprathama kucha tIrtha (taTa) aise hote haiM 'jinameM praveza bhI sukha kara hotA hai aura jahA~ se pAra karanA bhI sukhakara hotA hai; isI prakAra kucha tIrtha yA sAdhaka-saMgha aise hote haiM, jinameM praveza bhI sukhada hotA hai aura sAdhanA bhI sukhada hotI hai / aise tIrtha kA udAharaNa dete hue bhASyakAra ne zaivamata kA ullekha kiyA hai, kyoMki zaiva sampradAya meM praveza aura sAdhanA donoM hI sukhakara mAne gaye haiN| 2. dUsare varga meM ve tIrtha ( taTa) Ate haiM jinameM praveza to sukharUpa ho kintu jahA~ se pAra honA duSkara yA kaThina ho / isI prakAra kucha dharmasaMghoM meM praveza to sukhada hotA hai kinta sAdhanA kaThina hotI hai| aise saMgha kA udAharaNa bauddha-saMgha ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| bauddha saMgha meM praveza to sulabhatApUrvaka sambhava thA, kintu sAdhanA utanI sukharUpa nahIM thI, jitanI ki zaiva sampradAya kii| 3. tIsare varga meM aise tIrtha kA ullekha huA hai 'jisameM praveza to kaThina hai kintu sAdhanA sukara hai|' bhASyakAra ne isa sandarbha meM jainoM ke hI acela sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai / isa saMgha meM acelakatA anivArya thI, ataH isa tIrtha ko praveza kI daSTi se duSkara, kintu anupAlana kI dRSTi se sukara mAnA gayA hai| 4. granthakAra ne cauthe varga meM usa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM praveza aura sAdhanA donoM duSkara hai aura svayaM isa rUpa meM apane hI sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha vargIkaraNa kitanA samucita hai yaha vivAda kA viSaya ho sakatA hai, kintu itanA ahava suhottArUttAraNAi dave cauvvihaM titthaM / evaM ciya bhAvammivi tatthAimayaM sarakkhANaM / / vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1041-41 (bhASyakAra ne isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM cAra prakAra ke tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|)

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nizcita hai ki sAdhanA-mArga kI sukaratA yA duSkaratA ke AdhAra para jaina paramparA meM vividha prakAra ke tIrthoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai aura sAdhanA-mArga ko hI tIrtha ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha se tAtparya mukhya rUpa se pavitra sthala kI apekSA sAdhanA-vidhi se liyA gayA hai aura jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-rUpa mokSamArga ko hI bhAvatIrtha kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ye sAdhaka ke viSaya kaSAyarUpI mala ko dUra karake samAdhi rUpI AtmazAnti ko prApta karavAne meM samartha haiN| prakArAntara se sAdhakoM ke varga ko bhI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM tIrtha kI vyAkhyA karate hue spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki caturvidha zramaNasaMgha hI tIrtha hai|' zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAyeM isa caturvidha zramaNasaMgha ke cAra aMga haiN| isa prakAra yaha sunizcita hai ki prAcIna jaina granthoM meM tIrtha zabda ko saMsAra samudra se pAra karAne vAle sAdhana ke rUpa meM grahIta karake trividha sAdhanA mArga aura usakA anupAlana karane vAle caturvidha zramaNasaMgha ko hI vAstavika tIrtha mAnA gayA hai / nizcayatIrtha aura vyavahAratIrtha jainoM kI digambara paraMparA meM tIrtha kA vibhAjana nizcayatIrtha aura vyavahAratIrtha ke rUpa meM huA hai| nizcayatIrtha ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama to AtmA ke zuddha buddha svabhAva ko hI nizcayatIrtha kahA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki paMcamahAvatoM se yukta samyakatva se vizuddha, pAMca indriyoM se saMyata nirapekSa AtmA hI aisA tIrtha hai jisameM dIkSA aura zikSA rUpa snAna karake pavitra huA jAtA hai / punaH nirdoSa samyaktva, titthaM bhaMte titthaM titthagare tisthaM ? goyamA ! arahA tAva Niyamara titthagare, titthaM puNa cAuvvaNAiNe samaNasaMghe / taM jahA-samaNA, samaNIo, sAvayA, sAviyAo ya / ___bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 20, udde0 8, 'vayasaMmattavisuddhe paMceMdiyasaMjade NirAvekkho / hAe u muNI titthedikkhAsikkhA suNhANeNa / ' bodhapAhuDa, muu0|26-27

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kSamA Adi dharma, nirmalasaMyama, uttama tapa aura yathArthajJAna-ye saba bhI kaSAyabhAva se rahita aura zAntabhAva se yukta hone para nizcayatIrtha mAne gaye haiN| isI prakAra mUlAcAra meM zrutadharma ko tIrtha kahA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha jJAna ke mAdhyama se AtmA ko pavitra banAtA hai / sAmAnya niSkarSa yaha hai ki ve sabhI sAdhana jo AtmA ke viSaya-kaSAyarUpI mala ko dUra kara use saMsAra samudra se pAra utArane meM sahAyaka hote haiM yA pavitra banAte haiM, ve nizcayatIrtha haiN| yadyapi bodhapAhuDa kI TIkA (lagabhaga 11vIM zatI) meM yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai ki 'jo nizcayatIrtha kI prApti kA kAraNa hai aise jagata-prasiddha muktajIvoM ke caraNakamaloM se saMsparzita urjayaMta, zatrujaya, pAvAgiri Adi tIrtha haiM aura karmakSaya kA kAraNa hone se ve vyavahAratIrtha bhI vandanIya mAne gaye haiN| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM bhI sAdhanA-mArga aura Atmavizuddhi ke kAraNoM ko nizcayatIrtha aura paMcakalyANaka bhUmiyoM ko vyavahAra tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| mUlAcAra meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki dAhopazamana, tRSAnAza aura mala kI zuddhi ye tIna kArya jo karate haiM ve dravyatIrtha haiM kintu jo jJAna, darzana aura cAritra se yukta jinadeva haiM ve bhAvatIrtha haiM / yaha bhAvatIrtha hI nizcayatIrtha hai / kalyANaka bhUmi to vyavahAratIrtha hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramArAoM meM pradhAnatA to bhAvatIrtha yA nizcayatIrtha ko hI dI gaI hai, kintu Atmavizuddhi ke hetu yA preraka hone ke kAraNa dravyatIrthoM yA vyavahAratIrthoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| smaraNa rahe ki anya dharma paramparAoM meM jo tIrtha kI avadhAraNA upalabdha hai, usakI tulanA jainoM ke dravya-tIrtha se kI jA sakatI hai| bodhapAhuDa, TIkA 26 / 91 / 21 sudadhammo ettha puNa titthaM / mUlAcAra, 557 'tajjagatprasiddhaM nizcayatIrthaprAptikAraNaM muktamunipAdaspRSTaM tiirthurjyntshtrujylaattdeshpaavaagiri-| bodhapAhuDa, TIkA, 27 / 9317 duvihaM ca hoi tityaM NAdavvaM davabhAvasaMjuttaM / edesiM doNhaM pi ya patteya parUvaNA hodi / / mUlAcAra, 560

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( 9 ) jaina paramparA meM tortha zabda kA artha-vikAsa zramaNa paramparA meM prArambha meM tIrtha kI isa avadhAraNA ko eka AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kiyA gayA thA / vizeSAvazyakabhASya jaise prAcIna AgamikavyAkhyA granthoM meM bhI vaidika paramparA meM mAnya nadI, sarovara Adi sthaloM ko tIrtha mAnane kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA aura usake sthAna para ratnatraya se yukta sAdhanAmArga arthAt usa sAdhanA meM cala rahe sAdhaka ke saMgha ko tIrtha ke rUpa meM abhihita kiyA gayA hai / yahI dRSTikoNa acela paramparA ke grantha mUlAcAra meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai, jisakA ullekha pUrva meM hama kara cuke haiM / kintu paravartI kAla meM jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sambandhI avadhAraNA meM parivartana huA aura dravyatIrtha arthAt pavitra sthaloM ko bhI tIrtha mAnA gayA / sarvaprathama tIrthaMGkaroM ke janma, dIkSA, kaivalya aura nirvANa se sambandhita sthaloM ko pUjya mAnakara unheM tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / Age calakara tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAoM se sambandhita sthala hI nahIM apitu gaNadhara evaM pramukha muniyoM ke nirvANasthala aura unake jIvana kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA se jur3e hue sthala bhI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye / isase bhI Age calakara ve sthala bhI, jahA~ kalAtmaka mandira bane yA jahA~ kI pratimAe~ camatkArapUrNa mAnI gayIM, tIrthaM kahe gaye / hindU aura jainatIrtha kI avadhAraNAoM meM maulika antara yaha satya hai ki kAlAntara meM jainoM ne hindU paramparA ke samAna hI kucha sthaloM ko pavitra aura pUjya mAnakara unakI pUjA aura yAtrA ko mahattva diyA, kintu phira bhI donoM avadhAraNAoM meM mUlabhUta antara hai / hindU paramparA nadI, sarovara Adi ko svataH pavitra mAnatI hai, jaise - gaMgA / yaha nadI kisI RSi-muni Adi ke jIvana kI kisI ghaTanA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa nahIM, apitu svataH hI pavitra hai / aise pavitra sthala para snAna, pUjA arcanA, dAna puNya evaM yAtrA Adi karane ko eka dhArmika kRtya mAnA jAtA hai / isake viparIta jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sthala ko apane Apa meM pavitra nahIM mAnA gayA, apitu yaha mAnA ki tIrthaMkara athavA anya tyAgI tapasvI mahApuruSoM ke jIvana se

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(90) sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ve sthala pavitra bane haiM / jainoM ke anusAra koI bhI sthala apane Apa meM pavitra yA apavitra nahIM hotA, apitu vaha kisI mahApuruSa se sambaddha hokara yA unakA sAnnidhya pAkara pavitra mAnA jAne lagatA hai, yathA - kalyANaka bhUmiyA~; jo tIrthaMkara ke janma, dIkSA, kaivalya yA nirvANasthala hone se pavitra mAnI jAtI haiM / bauddha paramparA meM bhI buddha ke jIvana se sambandhita sthaloM ko pavitra mAnA gayA hai / hindU aura jaina paramparA meM dUsarA mahattvapUrNa antara yaha hai ki jahA~ hindU paramparA meM pramukhatayA nadI-sarovara Adi ko tIrtha rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vahIM jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA kisI nagara athavA parvata ko hI tIrthasthala ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / yaha antara bhI mUlataH to kisI sthala ko svataH pavitra mAnanA yA kisI prasiddha mahApuruSa ke kAraNa pavitra mAnanA - isI tathya para AdhArita hai / punaH isa antara kA eka prasiddha kAraNa yaha bhI haijahA~ hindU paramparA meM bAhya zauca ( snAnAdi zArIrika zuddhi ) kI pradhAnatA thI, vahIM jaina paramparA meM tapa aura tyAga dvArA Atmazuddhi: kI pradhAnatA thI, snAnAdi to varjya hI mAne gaye the / ataH yaha svA-bhAvika thA ki jahA~ hindU paramparA meM nadI-sarovara tIrtha rUpa meM vikasita hue, vahA~ jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA sthala ke rUpa meM vanaparvata Adi tIrthoM ke rUpa meM vikasita hue / yadyapi ApavAdika rUpa meM hindU paramparA meM bhI kailAza Adi parvatoM ko tIrtha mAnA gayA, vahIM jaina paramparA meM zatruMjaya nadI Adi ko pavitra yA tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai, kintu yaha ina paramparAoM ke pArasparika prabhAva kA pariNAma thA / punaH hindU paramparA meM jina parvatIya sthaloM jaise kailAza Adi ko tIrtha rUpa meM mAnA gayA unake pIche bhI kisI deva kA nivAsasthAna yA usakI sAdhanAsthalI honA hI ekamAtra kAraNa thA, kintu yaha nivRttimArgI paramparA kA hI prabhAva thA / dUsarI ora hindU paraMparA ke prabhAva se jainoM meM bhI yaha avadhAraNA banI ki yadi zatru jaya nadI meM snAna nahIM kiyA to mAnava jIvana hI nirarthaka ho gayA / 'satarU'jI nadI nahAyo nahIM, to gayo minakha jamArI hAra' |

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(11) tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA pUrva vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki jaina paramparA meM 'tIrtha' zabda ke artha kA aitihAsika vikAsa-krama hai| sarvaprathama jaina dharma meM gaMgA Adi laukika tIrthoM kI yAtrA tathA vahA~ snAna, pUjana Adi ko dharma sAdhanA kI dRSTi se anAvazyaka mAnA gayA aura tIrtha zabda ko AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA-mArga ko tathA usa sAdhanA kA anupAlana karane vAle sAdhakoM ke saMgha ko hI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / kintu kAlAntara meM jaina paramparA meM bhI tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ko pavitra sthAnoM ke rUpa meM mAnya karake tIrtha kI laukika avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huaa| I0 pU0 meM racita ati prAcIna jaina-AgamoM jaise AcArAMga Adi meM hameM jaina tIrthasthaloM kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, yadyapi unameM hindU paramparA ke tIrthasthaloM para hone vAle mahotsavoM tathA yAtrAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| parantu AdhyAtmamArgI jaina paramparA muni ke lie ina tIrthameloM aura yAtrAoM meM bhAga lene kA bhI niSedha karatI thii|' IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke madhya nirmita paravartI Agamika sAhitya meM bhI yadyapi jaina tIrthasthaloM aura tIrthayAtrAoM ke spaSTa saMketa to nahIM milate, phira bhI inameM tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANakabhUmiyoMvizeSa rUpa se janma evaM nirvANa-sthaloM kI carcA hai / sAtha hI tIrthaGkaroM kI citA-bhasma evaM asthiyoM ko kSIrasamudrAdi meM pravAhita karane tathA devaloka meM unake rakhe jAne ke ullekha ina AgamoM meM haiN| unameM asthiyoM evaM citA-bhasma para caitya aura stupa ke nirmANa ke ullekha bhI milate haiN| jambudvIpaprajJapti meM RSabha ke nirvANa-sthala para stUpa se bhikkhu vA bhikkhu vA "thUbha mahesu vA, cetiya mahesu vA taDAga mahesu vA, dahamahesu vA NaI mahesu vA saramahesu vA"..''No paDigAhejjA / AcArAMga 2 / 1 / 2 / 24 (lADanU) 2. (a) samavAyAMga prakIrNaka samavAya 225 / 1 (ba) Avazyakaniyukti 382-84

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( 12) banAne kA ullekha hai|' isa kAla ke Agama granthoM meM hameM devaloka evaM nandIzvara dvIpa meM nirmita caitya Adi ke ullekhoM ke sAthasAtha yaha bhI varNana milatA hai ki parva tithiyoM meM devatA naMdIzvaradvIpa jAkara mahotsava Adi manAte haiN| yadyapi isa kAla ke AgamoM meM -arihaMtoM ke stupoM evaM caityoM ke ullekha to haiM kintu una pavitra sthaloM para manuSyoM dvArA Ayojita hone vAle mahotsavoM aura unakI tIrtha yAtrAoM para jAne kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| vidvAnoM se merI apekSA hai ki yadi unheM isa taraha kA koI ullekha mile to ve sUcita kreN| ___ yadyapi lohAnIpura aura mathurA meM upalabdha jina-mUrtiyoM, AyAga'paToM, stUpAMkanoM tathA pUjA ke nimitta kamala lekara prasthAna Adi ke aMkanoM se yaha to nizcita ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA meM caityoM ke 'nirmANa aura jina pratimA ke pUjana kI paramparA I0 pU0 kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM bhI pracalita thii| kintu tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA sambandhI ullekhoM kA AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika jaise isa kAla ke prAcIna AgamoM meM abhAva hamAre sAmane eka prazna cihna to avazya hI upasthita karatA hai| tIrtha aura tIrthayAtrA sambandhI samasta ullekha niyukti, bhASya aura cI sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiM / AcArAMga niyukti meM aSTApada, urjayanta, gajAgrapada, dharmacakra aura ahicchatrA ko vandana kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki niyukti kAla meM tIrthasthaloM ke darzana, vandana evaM yAtrA kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se bana cukI thI aura ise pUNya-kArya mAnA jAtA thaa| nizIthacUrNI meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI yAtrA karane se darzana kI vizuddhi hotI hai, arthAt vyakti kI zraddhA puSTa hotI hai| 1. (a) jambUdvIpaprajJapti 2 / 111 (lADanU) (ba) Avazyaka niyukti 45 (sa) samavAyAMga 35 / 3 / 2. jambUdvIpaprajJapti (jabuddIvapaNNatti) 2 / 114-22 3. aTThAvaya ujjite gayaggapae dhammacakke ya / pAsa rahAvatanagaM camaruppAyaM ca vaMdAmi --AcArAMganiyukti, patra 18 4. nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 3, pR0 24

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(13) isa prakAra jainoM meM tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka-bhUmiyoM ko tIrtharUpa meM svIkAra kara unakI yAtrA ke spaSTa ullekha sarvaprathama lagabhaga chaThIM zatI se milane lagate haiN| yadyapi isake pUrva bhI yaha paramparA pracalita to avazya hI rahI hogii| isa kAla meM kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke atirikta ve sthala, jo mandira aura martikalA ke kAraNa prasiddha ho gaye the, unheM bhI tIrtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA aura unakI yAtrA evaM vandana ko bhI bodhilAbha aura nirjarA kA kAraNa mAnA gyaa| nizIthacUrNI meM tIrthaMkaroM kI janma kalyANaka Adi bhUmiyoM ke atirikta uttarApatha meM dharmacakra, matharA meM devanirmitastUpa aura kozala kI jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ko pUjya batAyA gayA hai|' isa prakAra ve sthala, jahAM kalAtmaka evaM bhavya mandiroM kA nirmANa huA athavA kisI jina pratimA ko camatkArI mAna liyA gayA, tIrtha rUpa meM mAnya hue| uttarApatha, mathurA aura kozala Adi kI tIrtha rUpa meM prasiddhi isI kAraNa thii| hamArI dRSTi meM sambhavataH Age calakara tIrthoM kA jo vibhAjana kalyANakakSetra, siddhakSetra aura atizayakSetra ke rUpa meM huA, usakA bhI yahI kAraNa thaa| tIrtha kSetra ke prakAra --jaina paramparA meM tIrtha sthaloM kA vargIkaraNa mukhya rUpa se tIna vargoM meM kiyA jAtA hai - 1. kalyANakakSetra, 2. nirvANakSetra aura 3. atizayakSetra / 1. kalyANakakSetra-~-jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke pAMca kalyANaka mAne gaye haiN| kalyANaka zabda kA tAtparya tIrthaMkara ke jIvanako mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA se sambandhita pavitra dina se hai / jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha-praveza, janma, dIkSA (abhiniSkramaNa), kaivalya (bodhiprApti ) aura nirvANa divasoM ko kalyANaka divasa ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai / tIrthaMkara kI jIvana kI ye mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ jisa nagara yA sthala para ghaTita hotI haiM use kalyANaka bhUmi kahA jAtA hai| hama tIrthaMkaroM kI ina kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kA eka sakSipta vivaraNa nimnatAlikA meM prastuta kara rahe haiM uttarAvahe dhammacakkaM, mahura e devaNimmiya thUbho kosalAe va jiyaMtapaDimA, titthakarANa vA jmmbhuumiio| -nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 3, pR 79

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tIrthaMkara kA nAma cyavana cyavana ayodhyA nirvANa kalyANaka dIkSA ayodhyA janma ayodhyA RSabha ayAmA aSTApada kaivalya purimatAla (prayAga?) ayodhyA zrAvastI ajita (kailAza) sammedazikhara " sambhava zrAvastI zrAvastI sahetuka (ayodhyA) ayodhyA abhinandana ayodhyA ayodhyA ayodhyA sumati ( 14) padmaprabha supAva candraprabha kauzAmbI vArANasI candrapura kAkandI bhadrila siMhapura campA kauzAmbI vArANasI candrapura kAkandI bhadrila puSpadanta zItala zreyAMsa vAsupUjya kauzAmbI vArANasI candrapura kAkandI bhadrila siMhapura campA kauzAmbI vArANasI candrapura kAkandI bhadrila siMhapura siMhapura campA campA campA

Page #26
kAmpilya sammedazikhara vimala ananta dharma zAnti ayodhyA ratnapura kAmpilya ayodhyA ratnapura hastinApura kAmpilyaM kAmpilya ayodhyA ayodhyA ratnapura ratnapura hastinApura hastinApura hastinApura ara malli munisuvrata nami nemi pAva varddhamAna mithilA rAjagRha mithilA zorIpura vArANasI kSatriyakuNDa mithilA rAjagRha mithilA zaurIpura vArANasI kSatriyakuNDa mithilA mithilA rAjagRha rAjagRha mithilA mithilA urjayanta urjayanta urjayanta vArANasI vArANasI sammedazikhara kSatriyakuNDa RjuvAlikA pAvA ( 15) tIrthaGkaroM ke kula kalyANakakSetra nimnalikhita haiM-ayodhyA, purimatAla, aSTApada, sammedazikhara, zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, vArANasI, candrapurI, kAkandI, bhaddilapura, siMhapura, campA, kAmpilya, ratnapura, hastinApura, mithilA, rAjagRha, zaurIpura, urjayanta, kSatriyakuMDa, RjuvAlikA aura paavaa|

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( 16 ) 2. nirvANakSetra nirvANakSetra ko sAmAnyatayA siddhakSetra bhI kahA jAtA hai / jisa sthala se kisI muni ko nirvANa prApta hotA hai, vaha sthala siddhakSetra yA nirvANasthala ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / sAmAnya mAnyatA to yaha hai ki isa bhUmaNDala para aisI koI bhI jagaha nahIM hai jahA~ se koI na koI muni siddhi ko prApta na huA ho / ataH vyAvahArika dRSTi se to samasta bhUmaNDala hI siddhakSetra yA nirvANakSetra hai / phira bhI sAmAnyatayA jahA~ se aneka suprasiddha muniyoM ne nirvANa prApta kiyA ho, use nirvANa kSetra kahA jAtA hai / jaina paramparA meM zatruMjaya, pAvAgiri, tuMgIgiri siddhavarakUTa, cUlagiri, rezandagiri, sonAgiri Adi siddhakSetra mAne jAte haiM / siddhakSetroM kI viziSTa mAnyatA to digambara paramparA meM pracalita hai, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI zatru jayatIrtha siddhakSetra hI hai / 3. atizaya kSetra ve sthala, jo na to kisI tIrthaGkara kI kalyANaka-: -bhUmi haiM, na kisI muni kI sAdhanA yA nirvANa-bhUmi haiM kintu jahA~ kI jina - mUrtiyA~ camatkArI haiM athavA jahA~ ke mandira bhavya haiM, ve atizaya kSetra kahe jAte haiM / Aja jaina paramparA meM adhikAMza tIrtha atizayakSetra ke rUpa meM hI mAne jAte haiM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AbU, rANakapura, jaisalamera, zravaNabelagolA Adi isI rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jainoM ke kucha tIrtha na kevala tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke camatkArika hone ke kAraNa, apitu usa tIrtha ke adhiSThAyaka devoM kI camatkAritA ke kAraNa bhI prasiddha haiM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM nAkor3A ora mahur3I kI prasiddhi una tIrthoM ke adhiSThAyaka devoM ke kAraNa hI huI hai / isI prakAra hummaca kI prasiddhi pArzva kI yakSI - padmAvatI kI mUrti ke camatkArika hone ke AdhAra para hI hai / ina tIna prakAra ke tIrthoM ke atirikta kucha tIrtha aise bhI haiM jo isa kalpanA para AdhArita haiM ki yahA~ para kisI samaya tIrthaGkara kA pardApaNa huA thA yA unakI dharmasabhA (samavasaraNa huI thii| isake sAthasAtha Aja kucha jaina AcAryoM ke jIvana se sambandhita sthaloM para gurumaMdiroM kA nirmANa kara unheM bhI tIrtha rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai |

Page #28
( 17 ) tIrtha yAtrA jaina paramparA meM tIrthayAtrAoM kA pracalana kaba se huA, yaha kahanA atyanta kaThina hai, kyoMki cUrNIsAhitya ke pUrva AgamoM meM tIrtha sthaloM kI yAtrA karane kA spaSTa ullekha kahI nahIM milatA hai| sarvaprathama nizIthacUrNI meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI yAtrA karatA huA jIva, darzana-vizuddhi ko prApta karatA hai| isI prakAra vyavahArabhASya aura vyavahAra carNI meM yaha ullekha hai ki jo muni aSTamI aura caturdazI ko apane nagara ke samasta caityoM aura upAzrayoM meM Thahare hue muniyoM ko vandana nahIM karatA hai to vaha mAsalaghu prAyazcitta kA doSI hotA hai / 2 tIrthayAtrA kA ullekha mahAnizIthasUtra meM bhI milatA hai / isa grantha kA racanA kAla vivAdAspada hai| haribhadra evaM jinadAsagaNi dvArA isake uddhAra kI kathA to svayaM granyameM hI varNita hai| nandIsUtra meM AgamoM kI sUcI meM mahAnizItha kA ullekha anupalabdha hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki isakA racanA kAla chaThI se AThavIM zatAbdI ke madhya hI hogaa| isa AdhAra para bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paramparA meM tIrtha yAtrAoM ko isI kAlAvadhi meM vizeSa mahattva prApta huA hogaa| mahAnizItha meM ullekha hai ki "he bhagavan ! yadi Apa AjJA deM to hama candraprabha svAmI ko vandana kara aura dharmacakra kI tIrthayAtrA kara vApasa aayeN|''3 1. nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 3, pR0 24 nissakaDamanissakaDe ceie savahiM thuI tinni / velaMba gheiANi va nAuM rakkikkika Avavi,' 'aTramIcaudasI suceiya samvANi sAhUNo savve vandeyavvA niyamA avasesa-tihIsu jahasatti // ' eesu aTThamImAdIsu ceiyAI sAhuNo vA je aNaNAe vasahIe ThiAte na vaMdaMti mAsa lhu|| vyavahAracUrNI-uddhRta jainatIrthono, itihAsa bhUmikA, pR0 10 jahannayA goyamA te sAhaNo taM AyariyaM bhaNaMti jahA-NaM jai bhayavaM tume ANAvehi tANaM amhehiM titthayattaM kari (2) yA caMdappahasAmiyaM vaMdi (3) yA dhammacakkaM gaMtUNamAgacchAmo // . ~mahAnizItha, uddhRta, vahI, pR0 10 2. 3.

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( 18 ) / jina yAtrA ke sandarbha meM haribhadra ke paMcAzaka meM viziSTa vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai / haribhadra ne naveM paMcAzaka meM jina - yAtrA ke vidhi vidhAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai kintu grantha ko dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki vastutaH yaha vivaraNa dUrastha tIrthoM meM jAkara yAtrA karanekI apekSA apane nagara meM hI jina - pratimA kI zobhA yAtrA se sambandhita hai / isameM yAtrA ke kartavyoM evaM uddezyoM kA nirdeza hai yAtrA meM jinadharma kI prabhAvanA ke hetu zarIra-saMskAra, ucita gIta-vAditra, stuti Adi karanA cAhie / " tIrtha yAtrAoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo chaha - rI pAlaka saMgha yAtrA kI jo pravRtti pracalita hai, usake pUrva bIja bhI haribhadra ke isa vivaraNa meM dikhAI dete haiM / Aja bhI tIrthayAtrA meM ina chaha bAtoM kA pAlana acchA mAnA jAtA hai usake anusAra jinayathAzakti dAna, tapa, 1. dina meM ekabAra bhojana karanA (ekAhArI) 2. bhUmizayana (bhU- AdhArI) 3. paidala calanA ( pAdacArI) 4. zuddha zraddhA rakhanA ( zraddhAdhArI) 5. sarvasacitta kA tyAga (sacitta parihArI) 6. brahmacarya kA pAlana ( brahmacArI) tIrthoM ke mahattva evaM yAtrAoM sambandhI vivaraNa hameM mukhya rUpa se paravartI kAla ke granthoM meM hI milate haiM / sarvaprathama 'sArAvalI' nAmaka prakIrNaka meM zatru jaya 'puNDarIka tIrtha' kI utpatti kathA usakA mahattva evaM usakI yAtrA tathA vahAM kiye gaye tapa, pUjA, dAna Adi ke phala vizeSa rUpa se ullikhita haiM / 2 1. zrI paMcAzaka prakaraNam - haribhadrasUri jinayAtrA paMcAzaka pR0248-63 abhayadeva sUri kI TIkA sahita prakAzaka - RSabhadeva kezarImala ive, saMsthA, ratalAma) ' - 2. paiNNayasuttAI - sArAvalI paiNNayaM pR0 350-60 sampAdaka - munipuNyavijayajI, prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra vidyAlaya bambaI 400036

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( 19 ) isake atirikta vividhatIrthaM kalpa ( 13vIM zatI) aura tIrthaM mAlAyeM bhI jo ki 12vIM - 13vIM zatAbdI se lekara paravartI kAla meM paryApta rUpa se racI gayIM; tIrthoM kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI pradAna karatI haiM / jaina sAhitya meM tIrthayAtrA saMghoM ke nikAle jAne sambandhI vivaraNa bhI 13vIM zatI ke pazcAt racita aneka tIrthamAlAoM evaM abhilekhoM meM yatra-tatra mila jAte haiM, jinakI carcA Age kI gayI hai / tIrthayAtrA kA uddezya na kevala dharma sAdhanA hai, balki isakA vyAvahArika uddezya bhI hai, jisakA saMketa nizIthacUrNI meM milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo eka grAma kA nivAsI ho jAtA hai aura anya grAma-nagaroM ko nahIM dekhatA vaha kUpamaMDUka hotA hai / isake viparIta jo bhramaNazIla hotA hai vaha aneka prakAra ke grAma nagara, sanniveza, janapada, rAjadhAnI Adi meM vicaraNa kara vyavahAra kuzala ho jAtA hai tathA nadI, guhA, tAlAba, parvata Adi ko dekhakara cakSu sukha ko bhI prApta karatA hai / sAtha hI tIrthaMkaroM ke kalyANakabhUmiyoM ko dekhakara darzana vizuddhi bhI prApta karatA hai / punaH anya sAdhuoM ke samAgama kA bhI lAbha letA hai aura unake samAcArI se bhI paricita ho jAtA hai / paraspara dAnAdi dvArA vividha prakAra ke ghRta, dadhi, gur3a, kSIra Adi nAnA vyaMjanoM kA rasa bhI le letA hai / ' nizIthacUrNI ke uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainAcArya tIrthayAtrA kI AdhyAtmika mUlyavattA ke sAtha-sAtha usakI vyAvahArika upAdeyatA bhI svIkArate the / 1 ahAva - tassa bhAvaM nAUNa bhaNejjA - 'so vatthabvo egagAmaNivAsI kUva maMDukko iva Na gAmaNagarAdI pecchati / amhe puNa aNiyatavAsI, tumaM pi amhehiM samANaM hiMDato NANAvidha-gAma-NagarAgara- sannivesa yahANi jANavadeya pecchaMto abhidhANakusalo bhavissasi, tahA saravAvivapiNi-di-kUla taDAga kANaNujANa kaMdara-dari-kuhara-pavvate ya NANAviha rukkhasobhie pecchaMto cakkhusuhaM pAvihisi, titthakarANa ya tiloga pUiyANa jammaNa-NikkhaNa-vihAra -- kevaluppAda - nivvANabhUmIo ya pecchato daMsaNasuddhi kAhisi' tahA aNNoSNa sAhusamAgameNa ya sAmAyArikusalo bhavissasi, savvApuvve ya ceie vaMdato bohilAbhaM nijjittehisi, aNNoSNa-suya dANAbhigamasaDDha e su saMjamAviruddhaM vividha-vaM jaNovaveyamaNyaM ghaya - gula- dadhi-kSIramAdiyaM ca vigativaribhogaM pAvihisi / / 2716 / / - nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 3, pR0 24, prakAzaka - sanmatijJAnapITha, AgarA -

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( 20 ) tIrthaviSayaka zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya tIrthaviSayaka sAhitya meM kucha kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke ullekha samavAyAMga, jJAtA aura payUSaNAkalpa meM haiN| kalyANaka bhUmiyoM ke atirikta anya tIrthakSetroM ke jo ullekha upalabdha hote haiM unameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM sabase pahale mahAnizItha aura nizIthacI meM hameM mathurA, uttarApatha aura campA ke ullekha milate haiM / nizIthacUNi, vyavahArabhASya, vyavahAracUNi AdimeM bhI nAmollekha ke atirikta ina tIrthoM ke sandarbha meM vizeSa koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI; mAtra yaha batAyA gayA hai ki mathurA stUpoM ke lie, uttarApatha dharmacakra ke liye aura campA jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ke lie prasiddha the| tIrtha sambandhI viziSTa sAhitya meM titthogAliya prakIrNaka, sArAvalI prakIrNaka ke nAma mahattvapUrNa mAne jA sakate haiM kintu titthogAliya prakIrNaka meM tIrthasthaloM kA vivaraNa na hokara ke sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha tIrtha kI vibhinna kAloM meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM dvArA jo sthApanA kI gaI, usake ullekha milate haiM, usameM janasaMgharUpI tIrtha ke bhUta aura bhaviSya ke sambandha meM kucha sUcanAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiM / usameM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda AgamoM kA viccheda kisa prakAra se hogA ? kauna-kauna pramukha AcArya aura rAjA Adi hoMge, isake ullekha haiM / isa prakIrNaka meM zvetAmbara paramparA ko amAnya aise Agama Adi ke uccheda ke ullekha bhI haiM / yaha prakIrNaka mukhyataH mahArASTrI prAkRta meM upalabdha hotA hai, kintu isa para zaurasenI kA prabhAva bhI parilakSita hotA hai / isakA racanAkAla nizcita karanA to kaThina hai, phira bhI yaha lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA honA cAhie, aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| tIrtha sambandhI vistRta vivaraNa kI dRSTi se Agamika aura prAkRta bhASA ke granthoM meM 'sArAvalI' ko mukhya mAnA jA sakatA hai / isameM mukhyarUpa se zatrujaya aparanAma puNDarIka tIrtha kI utpatti-kathA dI gaI hai| isa prakIrNaka meM zatrujaya tIrtha kA nirmANa kaise huA aura usakA puNDarIka nAma kaise par3A? ye do bAteM mukhya rUpa se vivecita haiM aura isa sambandha meM kathA bhI dI gaI hai| yaha sampUrNa grantha lagabhaga 116 gAthAoM meM pUrNa huA hai| yadyapi yaha graMtha prAkRta bhASA meM likhA

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(21) gayA hai, kintu bhASA para apabhraMza ke prabhAva ko dekhate hue ise paravI hI mAnA jaayegaa| isakA kAla dasavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hogaa| isa prakIrNaka meM isa tIrtha para dAna, tapa, sAdhanA Adi ke vizeSaphala kI carcA huI hai| grantha ke anusAra puNDarIka tIrtha kI mahimA aura kathA atimukta nAmaka RSi ne nArada ko sunAyI, jise sunakara usane dIkSita hokara kevala jJAna aura siddhi ko prApta kiyaa| kathAnusAra RSabhadeva ke pautra puNDarIka ke nirvANa ke kAraNa yaha tIrtha puNDarIka giri ke nAma se pracalita haa| isa tIrtha para nami, vinami Adi do karor3a ke valI siddha hue haiN| rAma, bharata Adi tathA paMcapANDavoM evaM pradyamna, zAmba Adi kRSNa ke putroM ke isI parvata se siddha hone kI kathA bhI pracalita hai| isa prakAra yaha prakIrNaka pazcima bhArata ke sarvavizruta jaina tIrtha kI mahimA kA varNana karane vAlA prathama grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai / zvetAmbara paraMparA ke prAcIna Agamika sAhitya meM isake atirikta anya koI tIrtha sambandhI svatantra racanA hamArI jAnakArI meM nahIM hai| isake pazcAt tIrtha sambandhI sAhitya meM prAcInatama jo racanA upalabdha hotI hai, vaha bappabhaTTisUri kI paramparA ke yazodevasUri ke gaccha ke siddhasenasUri kA sakalatIrthastotra hai| yaha racanA I0 san 1067 arthAt gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kI hai| isa racanA meM sammeta zikhara, zatruJjaya, urjayanta, arbuda, cittaur3a, jAlapura ( jAlaura ) raNathambhaura, gopAlagiri ( gvAliyara ) mathurA, rAjagRha, campA, pAvA, ayodhyA, kAmpilya, bhaddilapura, zaurIpura, aMgaiyA ( aMgadikA), kannauja, zrAvastI, vArANasI, rAjapura, kuNDanI, gajapura, talavAr3a, devarAu, khaMDila, DiNDUvAna (DiNDavAnA), narAna, harSapura (SaTTaudese), nAgapura (nAgaura-sAmbharadeza), pallI, saNDera, nANaka, koraNTa, bhinnamAla, (gurjara deza), Ahar3a (mevAr3a deza upakesanagara (kirADa ue) jayapura (marudeza) satyapura (sAcaura), guhuyarAya, pazcima vallI, thArAprada, vAyaNa, jalihara, nagara, kher3a, moDhera, anahillavAr3a (caDDhAvalli), stambhanapura, kayaMvAsa, bharukaccha (saurASTra) kuMkana, kalikuNDa, mAnakher3a, (dakSiNa bhArata) dhArA, ujjanI (mAlavA) Adi tIrthoM kA ullekha hai|

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(22) ma sambhavataH samagra jaina tIrthoM kA nAmollekha karane vAlI upalabdha racanAoM meM yaha prAcInatama racanA hai|' yadyapi isameM dakSiNa ke una digambara jaina tIrthoM ke ullekha nahIM hai| jo ki isa kAla meM astitva. vAn the| isa racanA ke pazcAt hamAre sAmane tIrtha sambandhI vivaraNa dene vAlI dUsarI mahattvapUrNa evaM vistRta racanA vividhatIrthakalpa hai, isa granya meM dakSiNa ke kucha digambara tIrthoM ko chor3akara pUrva, uttara, pazcima aura madhya bhArata ke lagabhaga sabhI tIrthoM kA vistRta evaM vyApaka varNana upalabdha hotA hai, yaha I0san 1332 kI racanA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA kI tIrtha sambandhI racanAoM meM isakA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM jo varNana upalabdha hai. usase aisA lagatA hai ki adhikAMza tIrthasthaloM kA ullekha kavi ne svayaM dekhakara kiyA hai / yaha kRti apabhraMza mizrita prAkRta aura saMskRta meM nirmita hai| isameM jina tIrthoM kA ullekha hai ve nimna haiM zatrujaya, raivataka giri,stambhana katIrtha, ahicchatrA, arbuda (AbU), azvAvabodha (bhar3auca), vaibhAragiri (rAjagiri), kauzAmbI, ayodhyA, ApApA (pAvA, kali. kuNDa, hastinApura, satyapura (sAcaura), aSTApada ( kailAza ), mithilA, ratnavAhapura, pratiSThAnapattana, (paiThana ), kAmpilya, aNahilapura pATana, zaMkhapura, nAsikyapura ( nAsika ), harikaM khInagara, avaMtidezastha abhinandanadeva, campA, pATaliputra, zrAvastI, vArANasI, koTizilA, kokAvasati, dipurI, hastinApura, aMtarikSapArzvanAtha, phaladdhipArzvanAtha (phalaudhI), AmarakuNDa (hanamakoNDa-AMdhrapradeza) Adi / 1. sammeyasela-settuja-ujjite abbuyaMmi citta uDe / jAla ure raNathaMbhe gopAlagirimi vaMdAmi // 19 // siripAsanAhasahiyaM rammaM sirinimmayaM mahAthUbhaM / kalikAle vi sumitthaM mahurAnayarIu (e) naMdAmi / / 20 / / rAyagiha-campa-pAvA-aujjha-kaMpillaTThaNapuresu / bhaddilapuri-sorIyapuri-aGgaiyA-kanna ujjesu / / 21 // sAvatthi-duggamAisu vANArasIpamuhapuvvadesaMmi / kammaga-sirohamAisu bhayANa desaMmi vaMdAmi // 22 / / rAja ura-kuNhaNIsu ya baMde gajjaura paMca ya sayAI / salavADa devarAu ruuttadesaMmi gaMdAmi // 23 / /

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( 23 ) ina graMthoM ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM aneka tIrthamAlAyeM evaM caityaparipATiyA~ likhI gaIM jo ki tIrtha sambandhI sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa aMga haiN| ye adhikAMzataH paravartI apabhraMza evaM prAcIna maru-gurjara meM likhI gaI haiM / ina tIrtha mAlAoM aura caityaparipATiyoM kI saMkhyA zatAdhika hai aura ye gyArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara satrahavIM-aThAravIM zatAbdI taka nirmita hotI rahI haiN| ina tIrthamAlAoM tathA caityaparipATiyoM meM kucha to aisI haiM jo kisI tIrtha viziSTa se hI sambandhita haiM aura kucha aisI haiM jo sabhI tIrthoM kA ullekha karatI haiN| aitihAsika daSTi se ina caitya paripATiyoM kA apanA mahattva hai, kyoMki ye apane-apane kAla meM jaina tIrthoM kI sthiti kA samyaga vivaraNa prastuta kara detI haiN| ina caityaparipATiyoM meM na kevala tIrthakSetroM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai, apitu vahA~ kisa-kisa mandira meM kitanI pASANa aura dhAtu kI jina pratimAe~ khaMDila-DiMDUANaya narANa-harasa ura khaTTaUdese / nAga ura mugvidaMtisu saMbharidesaMmi vaMdemi // 24 / / pallI saMDeraya nANaemu koriTa-bhinnamAllelesu / vaMde gujjaradese AhADAIsu mevADe // 25 // upaesa kirADae vi jayapurAIsu marumi vaMdAmi / saccaura-guDurAyasu pacchimadesaMmi vaMdAmi // 26 // thArAuddaya-bAyaDa-jAlIhara-nagara-kheDa-moDhare / aNa hillavADanayare vaDDAvallIyaM baMbhANe // 27 // nihayakalikAlamahiyaM sAyasataM sayalavAithaMbhaNae / thaMbhaNapure kayavAsaM pAsaM vaMdAmi bhattIe // 28 // kacche bharuyacchaMmi ya soraTTha-marahaTTha-kuMkaNa-thalIsu / kali kuNDa-mANakheDe dakSi (kkhi) Na desaMmi vaMdAmi / / 29 / / dhArA-ujjeNIsu ya mAlavadesaMmi vaMdAmi / vaMdAmi maNuyavihiai jiNabhavaNe savvadesesu // 30 // bharahayi (mmi) maNuyavihiyA mahiyA mohArimahiyamAhappA / 'sirisiddhaseNasUrIhiM saMthuyA sibasuhaM deMtu // 32 // -Discriptive Catalogue of Mss in the Jaina Bhandars at Pattan-G.O.S. 73, Baroda 1937 p. 56

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(24) rakhI gayI haiM, isakA bhI vivaraNa upalabdha ho jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kaTukamati lAdhAzAha dvArA viracita sUratacaityaparipATImeM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isa nagara ke gopIpurA kSetra meM kula 75jinamaMdira, 5vizAla jina maMdira tathA 1325 jinabimba the| sampUrNa sUrata nagara meM 10 vizAla jinamandira, 235 derAsara (gRhacaitya) 3garbhagRha, 3978 jina pratimAe~ thiiN| isake atirikta siddhacakra kamalacaumukha, paMcatIrthI, caubIsI Adi ko milAne para 10041 jinapratimAe~ usa nagara meM thIM, aisA ullekha hai / yaha vivaraNa 1793 kA hai| isa para se hama anumAna kara sakate haiM ki ina racanAoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana kI dRSTi se kitanA mahattva hai / sampUrNa caityaparipATiyoM athavA tIrthamAlAoM kA ullekha apane Apa meM eka svatantra zodha kA viSaya hai| ataH hama una sabakI carcA na karake mAtra unakI eka saMkSipta sUcI prastutakara rahe haiMracanA racanAkAra racanAtithi sakalatIrthastotra siddhasenasUri vi0saM0 1123 aSTottarItIrthamAlA mahendrasUri vi0saM0 1241 kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa jinaprabhasUri vi0saM0 1389 tIrthayAtrAstavana vinayaprabha upAdhyAya vi0saM0 14 vIM zatI aSTottarItIrthamAlA muniprabhasUri vi0saM0 15 vIM zatI tIrthamAlA meghakRta vi0saM0 16 vIM zatI pUrvadezIyacaityaparipATI haMsasoma vi0saM0 1565: sammetazikhara tIrthamAlA vijayasAgara vi0saM0 1717 zrI pArzvanAtha nAmamAlA meghavijaya upAdhyAya vi0saM0 1721 tIrthamAlA zIlavijaya vi0saM0 1748. tIrthamAlA saubhAgya vijaya vi0saM0 1750 zatruJjayatIrthaparipATI devacandra vi0saM0 1769. sUratacaityaparipATI ghAlAsAha vi0saM0 1793. tIrthamAlA jJAnavimalasUri vi0saM0 1795. sammetazikharatIrthamAlA jayavijaya giranAra tIrtha ratnasiMhasUriziSya caityaparipATI munimahimA

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( 25 ) pArzvanAtha caityaparipATI kalyANasAgara zAsvatatIrthamAlA vAcanAcArya merukIrti jaisalameracaityaparipATI jinasUkhasUri zatrujayacaityaparipATI zatruJjayatIrthayAtrArAsa vinIta kuzala AdinAtha rAsa kavilAvaNyasamaya pArzvanAthasaMkhyAstavana ratnakuzala kAvItIrthavarNana kavidIpa vijaya vi.saM 1886 tIrtharAjacaityaparipATIstavana sAdhucandrasUri pUrvadeza caityaparipATI jinavardhanasUri maMDapAMcalacatyaparipATI khemarAja yaha sUcI 'prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha' sampAdaka-vijayadharmasUrijI ke AdhAra para dI gaI hai| digambara paramparA kA tIrthaviSayaka sAhitya digambara paramparA meM prAcInatama grantha kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra haiN| kintu inameM tIrtha zabda kA tAtparya dharmatIrtha yA caturvidhasaMgha rUpI tIrtha se hI hai| digambara paramparA meM tIrthakSetroM kA varNana karane vAle granthoM meM tiloyapaNNattI ko prAcInatama mAnA jA sakatA hai| tiloyapaNNattI meM mukhya rUpa se tIrthaGkaroM kI kalyANaka-bhUmiyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| kintu isake atirikta usameM kSetramaMgala kI carcA karate hue pAvA, urjayaMta aura campA ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra tiloyapaNNattI meM rAjagaha kA paMcazailanagara ke rUpa meM ullekha haA hai aura usameM pAMcoM zailoM kA yathArtha aura vistRta vivecana bhI hai| samantabhadra ne svayambhastotra meM urjayaMta kA vizeSa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM isake pazcAt tIrthoM kA vivecana karane vAle granthoM ke rUpa meM dazabhaktipATha prasiddha haiN| inameM saMskRtanirvANabhakti aura prAkRtanirvANakANDa mahattvapUrNa haiN| sAmAnyatayA saMskRtanirvANabhaktike kartA ''pUjyapAda" aura prAkRtabhaktiyoM ke kartA "kuMdakuMda' ko mAnA 1. tilopaNNatti 1 / 21.24

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( 26 ) jAtA hai / paMDita nAthUrAma jI premI ne ina nirvANabhaktiyoM ke sambandha meM itanA hI kahA hai ki jaba taka ina donoM racanAoM ke racayitA kA nAma mAlUma na ho taba taka itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye nizcaya hI AzAdhara se pahale kI (aba se lagabhaga 700 varSa pahale kI haiN|' prAkRta bhakti meM narmadA nadI ke taTa para sthita siddhavarakUTa, bar3avAnI nagara ke dakSiNa bhAga meM cUlagiri tathA pAvAgiri Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai kintu ye sabhI tIrthakSetra purAtAttvika daSTi se navIM-dasavIM ke pUrva ke siddha nahIM hote| isalie ina bhaktiyoM kA racanAkAla aura inheM jina AcAryoM se sambandhita kiyA jAtA hai vaha sadigdha bana jAtA haiN| nirvANakANDa meM aSTApada, campA, urjayaMta, pAvA, sammedagiri, gajapaMtha, tArApura, pAvAgiri, zatruJjaya, tuMgIgiri, savanagiri, siddhavarakUTa, culagiri, var3avAnI, pAvAgiri, droNagiri, mer3hagiri, kuMthugiri, koTazilA, risiMdagiri, nAgadraha. maMgalapura, AzAramya, podanapura, hastinApura, vArANasI, mathurA, ahichatrA, jambavana, argaladeza, NivaDakuMDalI, sirapura holagiri, gommaTadeva Adi tIrthoM ke ullekha haiN| isa nirmANabhakti meM Aye hue calagiri, pAvAgiri, gommaTadeva, sirapura Adi ke ullekha aise haiM, jo isa kRti ko paryApta paravartI siddha kara dete haiN| gomamTadeva ( zravaNabelagolA ) kI bAhubalI kI mUrti kA nirmANa I0 sa0 983 meM haa| ataH yaha kRti usake pUrva kI nahIM mAnI jA sakatI aura isake kartA bhI kuMdakuMda nahIM mAne jA sakate / pA~cavIM se dazavIM zatAbdI ke bIca hae anya digambara AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM meM kuMdakuMda ke pazcAt pUjyapAda kA krama AtA hai / pUjyapAda ne nirvANabhakti meM nimna sthaloM kA ullekha kiyA hai - kuNDapura, jambhikAgrAma, vaibhAraparvata, pAvAnagara, kailAzaparvata, urjayaMta, pAvApura, sammedaparvata, zatruJjayaparvata, droNImata, sahyAcala aadi| raviSeNa ne 'padmacarita' meM nimna tIrthasthaloM kI carcA kI haikailAza parvata, sammedaparvata, vaMzagiri, megharava, ayodhyA, kAmpilya, ratnapura, zrAvastI, campA, kAkandI, kauzAmbI, candrapurI, bhadrikA, mithilA, vArANasI, siMhapura, hastinApura, rAjagaha, nirvANa giri Adi /

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( 27 ) digambara paramparA ke tIrtha sambandhI zeSa pramukha tIrthavandanAoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hairacanA racanAkAra samaya zAsanacatustrizikA madanakIrti 12vIM-13vIM zatI nirvANakANDa tIrthavandanA jIrAvalA pArzvanAthastavana udayakIrti pArzvanAthastotra padmanaMdi 14vIM zatI mANikyasvAmIvinati zrutasAgara 15vIM zatI mAMgItuMgIgIta abhayacanda tIrthavandanA guNakIrti tIrthavandanA megharAja 16vIM zatI jambUdvIpajayamAlA,tIrthajayamAlA sumatisAgara jambUsvAmicarita rAjamalla sarvatIrtha vandanA jJAnasAgara 16vIM-17vIM zatI zrIpurapAzvanAthavinatI lakSmaNa 17vIM zatI puSpAMjalijayanAlA somasena tIrthajayamAlA jayasAgara tIrthavandanA cimaNA paMDita jinasena sarvatrailokyajinAlaya jayamAlA vizvabhUSaNa 17vIM zatI balibhadra aSTaka merucandra balibhadra aSTaka gaMgAdAsa muktAgiri jayamAlA dhanajI rAmaTeka chaMda makaraMda 17vIM-18vIM zatI padmAvatI stotra topakari 18vIM zatI SaTatIrtha vandanA devendrakIrti jinasAgara muktAgiri AratI 18vIM-19vIM zatI akRtrima caityAlayajayamAlA paM.dilasukha 19vIM zatrI pArzvanAtha jayamAlA brahma harSa tIrthavandanA kavIndrasevaka , rAghava ,

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( 28 ) noTa :-ukta tAlikA DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara dvArA saMpAdita tIrthavandanasaMgraha ke AdhAra para prastuta kI gayI hai| Adhunika kAla ke jaina tIrtha-viSayaka grantha 1-jaina tIrthoMno itihAsa (gujarAtI) muni zrI nyAyavijaya jI -zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda 1949 I0 2-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha bhAga-1, (khaNDa 1-2), bhAga-2 paM0 ambAlAla pI0 zAha, AnandajI kalyANajI kI per3hI, jhaverIvAr3a, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita 3-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha-DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI-5 4-bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, 1,2,3,4,5, (sacitra) -zrI balabhadra jaina bhAratavarSIya digazbara jaina tIrtha kSetra kameTI-bambaI 5-tIrthadarzana, bhAga 1 evaM 2 prakAzaka-zrI mahAvIra jaina kalyANa saMgha, madrAsa 600007 isake atirikta pRthak pRthak tIrthoM para bhI kaI mahattvapUrNa grantha bhI upalabdha haiN| pro0 sAgaramala jaina nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5

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adhyAya-1 viSaya praveza jaina dharma kI atyadhika prAcInatA, isakI dIrghAyu aura adyAvadhi lokapriyatA, isake aneka siddhAntoM yathA vyAvahArika daSTikoNa se ahiMsA aura saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa se syAdvAda kI samasAmayikatA isa dharma ko sahaja hI atyanta rocaka banAte haiN| prAyaH Adhunika vicAraka jainadharma ke mahattva ko sahaja hI svIkAra karate haiN| prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke vidvAnoM meM isake prati AkarSaNa-isakI prAcInatA, tayugIna isake mahattva, isake pracura sAhitya tathA purAtAttvika avazeSo ke kAraNa hI rahA / parantu sambhavataH brAhmaNIya aura bauddha dharma ke adhyayana para jitanA dhyAna diyA gayA, utanA jainadharma ke adhyayana para nahIM / brAhmaNIya dharma ke prati AkarSaNa to svAbhAvika hI thA kyoMki sampUrNa bhAratIya dhArmika itihAsa kI yahI pradhAna dhArA thI aura pratyeka dRSTi se sarvAdhika samRddha bhI thii| bauddha dharma ke prati apekSAkRta adhika AkarSaNa ke bhI aneka kAraNoM kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| vaha prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa kI nivivAda rUpa se eka mahatvapUrNa dhArA rahI, parantu isake sAtha-sAtha bhArata ke bAhara usake vyApaka pracAra-prasAra ne bhI usake aitihAsika AkarSaNa meM vaddhi kara dii| saMbhavataH usake kicit adhika buddhivAdI daSTikoNa ne bhI usake prati Adhunika vidvAnoM ko adhika AkRSTa kiyA hogA aura vizeSakara 19vIM zatAbdI ke yUropIya vicArakoM ko jo svayaM eka prakAra kI buddhivAdI mAnavatAvAda ke poSaka the, yaha adhika rucikara pratIta huA ho / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna pAli sAhitya kA vyApaka rUpa se sampAdana aura anuvAda huA aura usake sUkSma adhyayana ke aneka prayatna hue| jaina dharma ke prati apekSAkRta kama AkarSaNa kA saMbhavataH eka Akasmika kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki prAkRta bhASA apekSAkRta adhika durUha thii| ho sakatA hai ki jainadharma kI atizaya vibhAjana-priyatA ne bhI usake

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana siddhAntoM ke prati AkarSaNa ko kama karane meM kucha yogadAna kiyA ho / ye saba hote huye bhI Adhunika kAla ( vartamAna yuga ) meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke aneka adhyetAoM ne jainadharma aura sAhitya ke prati svayaM ko pUrNarUpeNa samarpita kiyA aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke isa mahatvapUrNa aMga ke prati hamAre jJAna meM vRddhi kI kintu, yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jaina siddhAntoM kA jitanA adhika adhyayana huA, jaina dhArmika saMsthAoM kA utanA adhika nahIM / jaina dharma kA prArambha to nirIzvaravAdI dharma ke rUpa meM hI huA aura zuddha saiddhAntika stara para jainoM ne isa sthiti ko sadA surakSita rakhane kI ceSTA bhI kI. parantu vyavahAra meM jainadharma meM tIrthaGkaroM aura unase sambandhita aneka devI-devatAoM kI pUjAprArthanA kA pracura vikAsa huaa| zraddhAlu jainiyoM ne aneka jaina devatAoM kI mUrtiyAM pratiSThita kIM, bhavya smArakoM kA nirmANa karAyA aura isa prakAra deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jaina tIrtha kendroM kI sthApanA aura vRddhi huI / jaina tIrthoM ke itihAsa para santoSajanaka prakAza DAlane vAle Adhunika gaveSaNAtmaka granthoM kA prAyaH abhAva hI hai, jo kucha bhI adhyayana upalabdha hai unameM bhI hameM prAyaH jainadharma ke sAmAnya pracAra prasAra kA hI itihAsa milatA hai aura unakI vibhinna dhArmika saMsthAoM para gambhIra zodha kI paramparA to prAyaH hAla meM hI prArambha huI / isa krama meM jaina saMgha, jaina pratimA vijJAna, jaina vAstukalA Adi para mahattvapUrNa adhyayana ho rahe haiM, parantu jaina tIrthoM para abhI taka santoSajanaka adhyayana prArambha nahIM kiyA gayA / yadyapi jaisA ki Age spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, jaina dharma meM na kevala tIrtha saMsthA atyadhika vikasita thI, balki jaina sAhityakAroM ne tIrthoM para viziSTa sAhitya kI bhI racanA kI / AcArya jinaprabhasUri aise granthakAroM meM agragaNya haiM / isI kAraNa unake grantha kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa ko prastuta vivecanA ke viSaya ke rUpa meM cunA gayA hai / 1 apane se vizeSa guNavAna aura yogya vyakti ke zraddhA evaM pUjya buddhi kA honA svAbhAvika hai / isI vAda kA vikAsa huA aura kramazaH avatAravAda, bahudevavAda tathA mUrtipUjA Adi kalpanAyeM evaM vidhi-vidhAna bhI prakAza meM Aye / tIrtha bhAvanA kA bhI bhaktivAda se hI janma huA mAnA jAtA hai / pUjya ! prati manuSya kI bhAvanA se bhakti

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viSaya praveza byakti ke mAtA-pitA, vaMza, janma, vihAra Adi se sambandhita sthAna tIrtharUpa meM prasiddha hue / pratyeka dhArmika samudAya meM tIrthoM kA isIkAraNa janma huaa| cUMki jaina paramparA meM tIrthaGkara kA pada sarvocca hai, ataH unake jIvana se sambandhita sthAnoM ko tIrtha mAnA gyaa| ina sthAnoM meM pUjA hetu caraNa-cihna athavA pratimA sthApita kara dI jAtI thI, jo usa tIrthaGkara ke smRti ko jIvanta banAye rakhatI thii| yaha sarvajJAta hai ki jaina dharma meM 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI mAnyatA hai, parantu Adhunika itihAsakAroM ko inameM se antima do-pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI aitihAsikatA hI svIkArya hai| yadyapi ina tIrthaGkaroM ke bhI prAmANika jIvanavRtta kA vistAra se jJAna to nahIM hai phira bhI inake jIvana se sambandhita sthAnoM kI tIrtha rUpa meM vikAsa kI sahaja kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| kAlAntara meM jaba jaina dharma ke vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kI prakriyA prArambha huI aura una naye-naye kSetroM meM jaina zramaNoM aura upAsakoM ke kendroM bane, taba una sthaloM meM bhI tIrthoM kI kalpanA kI gyii| ye sthAna pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke atirikta anya tIrthaGkaroM ke jIvanavRtta se bhI sambaddha kiye gye| vAstava meM jaina paramparA sabhI tIrthaGkaroM ke alaga-alaga jIvanavRtta prastuta karatI hai aura unake janma, jJAnaprApti aura nirvANa Adi ke sthaloM kI sUcanA detI hai| yaha kalpanA sahaja hI kI jA sakatI hai ki bhale hI aneka tIrthaGkaroM sambandhI ye sUcanAyeM kAlpanika haiM, parantu vizeSa kSetroM meM vyApaka rUpa se lokapriya jaina dharma ke pRSThabhUmi meM jaina samAja ne inheM aitihAsika svIkAra kara liyA hogaa| isa vikAsa kA svAbhAvika krama yahI rahA hogA ki aitihAsika tIrthaGkaroM ke AdhAra para anya tIrthaGkaroM kI kalpanA huI aura inake jIvanavRtta ke AdhAra para anya tIrthaGkaroM kA bhI jIvanavRtta r3hAlA gyaa| sAmAnyarUpa se tIrthaGkaroM ke pratimAsthApana ityAdi kI prakriyA prArambha huI aura dhIre-dhIre prasiddha ho jAne para inhIM pratimAoM aura jinAlayoM ke AdhAra para una tIrthasthaloM ko tIrthaGkara vizeSa ke jIvana se sambaddha kara liyA gyaa| isa prakAra aneka sthAna jinakA tIrthaGkaroM ke jIvana se koI vAstavika sambandha na thA, tIrtha mAne jAne lage, isake pariNAma svarUpa Aja choTe-moTe

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana hajAroM tIrtha jaina samAja meM prasiddha haiN| samaya-samaya para jaina muni aura zrAvaka vahAM kI yAtrA karate rahe aura unakA varNana bhI likhate rhe| isI kAraNa jaina tIrthoM sambandhI aitihAsika sAmagrI bhI bahuta vizAla rUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai| yadyapi jainetara sAhitya meM bhI tIrthoM ke sambandha meM pracura vivaraNa prApta hotA hai parantu unameM aitihAsika dRSTikoNa kA prAyaH abhAva hai ataH isa dRSTi se jaina sAhitya vizeSa mahattva kA sthAna rakhatI hai| prAcIna kAla meM Aja kI bhAMti sAdhana sulabha na hone se mArga sambandhI kaThinAI sarvapramukha thI, isI kAraNa bar3I saMkhyA meM loga saMgha banAkara yAtrA hetu nikalate the| yAtrI saMghoM meM prAyaH muni bhI rahA karate the| ye saMgha mArga meM choTe-bar3e grAma, nagara Adi meM Thaharate the aura vahAM ke mandiroM ke darzanAdi jAte the| vidvAn munijana saMgha ke sAtha yAtrA karate samaya mArga ke grAma-nagara tathA vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM kA bhI varNana likhate the| isI kAraNa tIrtha-viSayaka jaina sAhitya kA bhaugolika dRSTi se bhI bar3A mahattva hai| inameM bhAratIya grAmoM evaM nagariyoM ke itihAsa sambandhI sAmagrI bharI par3I hai, parantu abhI taka vidvAnoM kA dhyAna isa ora prAyaH kama ho gayA hai ataH deza ke aneka grAmoM evaM nagaroM kA bahuta kucha itihAsa andhakAra meM hI hai| pUrva ke adhyayanoM kA sarvekSaNa __vartamAna yuga meM tIrthoM ke sambandha meM jaina muniyoM evaM kucha zraddhAlu zrAvakoM dvArA hI chiTa-phuTa kaI choTI-choTI pustakeM likhI gayI haiN|' tIrtha vizeSa ko hI AdhAra banAkara inakI racanA huii| zraddhAlu jaina upAsakoM ke samakSa tIrtha vizeSa ke mAhAtmya ko spaSTa karanA hI ina racanAoM kA uddezya thaa| muni jayantavijaya ne bhI 1. nAhaTA, agaracanda "jaina sAhitya kA bhogolika mahattva" premI abhi nandana grantha, TIkamagar3ha (1946 I0 ) pR0 473-487 isa lekha ke antargata vidvAn lekhaka ne usa samaya taka jaina tIrthoM ke sambandha meM prakAzita prAyaH sabhI pustakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|

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viSaya praveza vizeSakara jaina tIrthoM para hI kaI grantha likhe, parantu unakA dRSTikoNa aitihAsika rahA hai| unhoMne AbU, zaMkhezvara, kuMbhAriyA, rAdhanapura Adi aneka tIrthoM para svataMtra grantha likhe haiN| kucha anya vidvAnoM jaise jArja buhalara", zArloTe krAujhe, nAthUrAma premI,7 madhusUdana DhAkI', agaracanda nAhaTA evaM bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA Adi ne bhI jaina tIrthoM ke sambandha meM niSpakSa aura gaveSaNApUrNa lekha likhe haiM, parantu ye -lekha tIrtha vizeSa ke sambandha meM hI haiM, phira bhI isa dizA meM kAryarata zodhakartAoM ke liye eka Adarza prastuta karate haiN| sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ke pramukha jaina tIrthoM ke sambandha meM jAnakArI dene hetu sarvaprathama tripuTI mahArAja ne vi0saM0 2005 I0 /san 1949 meM jaina tIrthono itihAsa' nAmaka grantha likhA / isameM unhoMne tIrthoM kI bhaugolika sthiti, unakI prAcInatA, usake sambandha meM pracalita kathAnaka, nirmANa evaM punarnirmANa kA vivaraNa, vartamAna sthiti Adi ke sambandha meM savistAra prakAza DAlA hai| 1. vijayadharmasUri jaina granthamAlA, ujjaina, evaM yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita 2. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita 3. yaha grantha bhI bhAvanagara se san 1961 meM prakAzita huA hai| 4. bhAvanagara se san 1960 meM prakAzita 5. "e lIjenDa oNpha jaina stUpa aiTa mathurA' viyanA oriyaNTala jarnala [viyanA, 1897 I.] 6. "mahAkAla maMdira aura jaina dharma" vikramasmRtigrantha [ujjaina, vi0 saM0 2000] pR0 401-424 7. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa [prathama saMskaraNa, bambaI, san 1942I0] pR0 185-239 'vimalavasahInI ke TalIka samasyAo' svAdhyAya jilda 9 [1972I01 pR0 349.86 : 'ujjayantagiri eNDa jinaariSTanemi' jarnala oNpha inDiyana sosAiTI oNpha oriyaNTala ArTa, nyU sirIja, jilda 6, [kalakattA, san 1982 I0], pR0 1-33 1. zrIcAritra smAraka granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana isI krama meM ahamadAbAda se seTha AnandajI kalyANajI kI per3hI se san 1953 meM paM0 ambAlAla premAnanda zAha dvArA likhita jaina tIrtha sarva saMgraha nAmaka eka vizAla grantha 2 bhAgoM ( 3 jildoM, bhAga 1 - khaNDa 1 aura khaNDa 2 tathA bhAga 2 ) meM prakAzita huA isameM deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM sthita prAyaH sabhI pramukha tIrthoM ke bAre meM prAcIna paramparA, tIrtha ke nirmANa, jIrNoddhAra tathA sambandhita ghaTanAoM evaM vartamAna sthiti kI carcA kI gayI hai / isake alAvA deza ke prAyaH sabhI choTe-bar3e jaina tIrthoM kI sUcI bhI dI gayI hai jisa meM lagabhaga 4400 tIrthoM kA ullekha hai / jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI kI ora se san 1952 meM DA. jagadIzacandra jaina dvArA likhita 'bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha " nAmaka eka laghu grantha prakAzita kiyA gyaa| isameM deza ke prAyaH sabhI bhAgoM meM sthita prAcIna jaina tIrthoM kA saMkSipta parantu prAmANika vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / digambara paramparA meM bhI jaina tIrthoM para kucha prazaMsanIya kArya huye haiM / isa sambandha meM paM0 nAthUrAma premI dvArA likhe gaye tIna nibandha hamAre tIrthakSetra, dakSiNa ke tIrthakSetra aura tIrthoM ke vivAda atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / ' jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura ( mahArASTra ) se bhI san 1965 meM tIrthavandanasaMgraha nAmaka graMtha prakAzita huA, isameM chaThIM zatI se lekara 19vIM zatI taka ke digambara jaina granthakAroM dvArA racita tIrthakSetra ke vivaraNoM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hai / vIranirvANa ke 2500 veM varSa meM akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina tIrtha kSetra kameTI kI ora se bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke tattvAvadhAna meM paM0 balabhadra jaina dvArA likhita bhAratavarSa ke digambara jaina tIrtha nAmaka grantha cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita kiyA gayA / isI prakAra madrAsa kI zvetAmbara jaina saMsthA ne bhI san 1979 I0 meM tIrtha darzana nAmaka eka vizAla evaM sacitra granthaH do bhAgoM meM prakAzita kiyA / antima donoM grantha mukhya rUpa se jaina samAja ko tIrtha yAtrA ke sambandha meM mArga darzana dene hetu hI likhe gaye haiM. 1. premI, nAthUrAma - jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 185 - 239 //

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viSaya praveza jahAM taka uparokta granthoM kI prAmANikatA kA prazna hai, jaina tIrthono itihAsa aura jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha tIrthoM ke itihAsa, jinAlayoM ke nirmANa, punanirmANa Adi bAtoM kI carcA to karate haiM, parantu inameM aitihAsa dRSTikoNa kA prAyaH abhAva hai| aneka sthaloM para inameM bhrAmaka sUcanAyeM bhI saMkalita kara dI gayI haiM / 'bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha' nAmaka grantha prAcIna jaina paramparA ke AdhAra para jaina tIrthoM kA prAmANika vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai, parantu isameM atyanta saMkSipta rUpa se hI tIrthoM kA vivaraNa hai aura dUsare madhyayugIna jaina tIrthoM ke bAre meM to isase koI jAnakArI hI nahIM prApta hotI, ataH isa dRSTikoNa se yaha grantha vizeSa upayogI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| paM0 nAthUrAma premI dvArA likhe gaye tIrthoM saMbandhI ukta nibandha prAmANika to haiM, parantu unase kucha tIrtho ke bAre meM hI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / tIrthavandanasaMgraha meM tIrtha sambandhI prAcIna vivaraNoM ke alAvA sAra saMkalana bhI diyA gayA hai, jisameM tIrtha vizeSa ke bAre meM digambara granthakAroM ke vivaraNoM kI carcA hai| zeSa do grantha bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha aura tIrtha darzana to jaina tIrtha yAtriyoM ke liye eka prakAra se 'mArgadazikA' hI haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jaina tIrthoM ke sambandha meM aba taka sImita kArya haye haiM aura ve bhI prAyaH jaina upAsakoM kI tIrtha yAtrA sambandhI suvidhA ko dhyAna meM rakhate huye hI likhe gaye haiM / jaina tIrthoM ke prAmANika itihAsa kA prAyaH abhAva hI hai| prastuta pustaka meM isI abhAva kI pUrti kA eka laghu prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jaina tIrthoM ke itihAsa kI srota sAmagrI tIrthoM ke itihAsa sambandhI hamAre pAsa do srota haiM - 1- sAhityika 2-purAtAttvika / 1. sAhityika sAkSya jaina paramparA meM 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI mAnyatA hai| pratyeka tIrthaGkara ke paMcakalyANakoM se sambandhita sthala donoM paramparAoM ( zvetAmbara aura digambara ) meM tIrtharUpa meM mAnya haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM para likhe gaye niyukti, cUrNI, vRtti evaM bhASya tathA digambara

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana paramparA ke antargata tiloyapaNNatti tathA purANoM evaM kathA sAhitya meM aise tIrthoM ke sambandha meM chiTa-phUTa sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| jahAM taka tIrthoM ke sambandha meM svatantra racanAoM kA prazna hai, inakA prArambha 11vIM zatI se pUrva nahIM mAnA jAtA / isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama kRti, jisameM kucha jaina tIrthoM kA ullekha hai, vaha hai mahAkavi dhanapAla (11 vIM zatI) dvArA racita 'satyapura mahAvIra jinotsaah'|' isI prakAra vi0 saM0 1123/I0 san 1067 meM siddhasenasUri dvArA racita sakalatIrthastotra meM aneka tIrthoM kA nAmollekha hai / vi0 saM0 1241/I0 san 1184 meM aMcalagacchIya mahendrasUri dvArA racita aSTottarI tIrthamAlA bhI tIrthoM ke sambandha meM hameM mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI pradAna karatI hai| I0 san ke terahavIM-caudahavIM zatI meM likhe gaye prabandha grantha bhI tIrthoM ke sambandha meM AdhArabhUta sAmagrI pradAna karate haiN| mahAmAtya vastupAla evaM tejapAla ke samaya likhe gaye granthoM meM unake dvArA tIrthoM para sampanna karAye gaye nirmANa evaM punanirmANa, dAnAdi kA vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| isa sambandha meM jina granthoM kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai, unameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM-- grantha 1-kIrtikaumudI 2-sukRtasaMkIrtana granthakAra mahAkavi somezvara arisiMha racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1278 vi0 saM0 1288 1. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka varSa 3, aMka 3, pRSTha 241-243 2. DiskripTiva kaiTalAga oNpha mainyuskripTsa ina da jaina bhaNDArsa aiTa pATana [baDodarA, san 1937 I.] pR0 155-156 3. vidhipakSIyapaMcapratikramaNasUtrANi meM prakAzita 4. draSTavya prabhAvakacarita prabhAcandrAcArya-racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1335] prabandhacintAmaNI (nAgendragacchIya meruttuMga racanAkAla-vi0saM0 1362) purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha (racanAkAla-vi0 saM0 kI 14vIM-15vIM zatI) prabandhakoza (maladhAragacchIya rAjazekharasUri, racanAkAla vi0saM0 1405) ukta cAroM grantha muni jinavijaya dvArA saMpAdita evaM siMghI jaina grantha. mAlA ke antargata prakAzita haiN|

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viSaya praveza 3-dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvya udayaprabhasUri vi0 saM0 1287 __ke pUrva 4-sukRtakItikallolinI udayaprabhasUri vi0 saM0 1289 5-revantagirirAsu vijayasenasUri vi0 saM0 1289 kotikaumudI aura sukRtasaMkIrtana muni puNyavijaya dvArA saMpAdita evaM siMghI jaina granthamAlA-granthAGka 32 meM prakAzita hai| dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvya muni caturavijaya evaM muni puNyavijaya dvArA saMpAdita tathA siMghI jaina granthamAlA-granthAGka 4 meM prakAzita hai| sukRtakotikallolinI aura revaMtagirirAsu bhI muni puNyavijaya dvArA saMpAdita evaM siMghI jaina granthamAlA-granthAGka 5 meM prakAzita hai| ukta granthoM se bhI tIrthoM ke sambandha meM mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| vi0 saM0 1389 meM AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa nAmaka grantha ko pUrNa kiyaa| isameM prAcIna evaM madhyayugIna jaina tIrthoM kA vivaraNa hai| 14vIM zatI se 19vIM zatI taka choTI-bar3I aneka tIrthamAlAyeM, saMghavarNana, caityaparipATiyAM Adi likhI gyiiN| inase bhI tIrthoM ke sambandha meM upayogI sUcanAyeM prApta hotI haiN| digambara paramparA meM bhI tIrthoM ke sambandha meM racI gayI choTIbar3I aneka racanAyeM jJAta haiN| isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama jisa svataMtra racanA kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai vaha hai madanakIti ( I0 san 12 vIM zatI) dvArA racita zAsanacastrizikA / 2 lagabhaga isI samaya race gaye nirvANakANDa meM bhI kaI jaina tIrthoM kA ullekha hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI bhAMti digambara paramparA meM bhI caityavandana, tIrthavandana, tIrthajayamAlA Adi kI racanA huI aura Aja bhI yaha krama jArI hai| 1. vijayadharmasUri dvArA sampAdita prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha meM aisI 25 tIrthamAlAyeM prakAzita haiN| 2. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-saMpA. tIrthavandanasaMgraha pR0 28-33 / 3. vahI, pR0 34.38 / 4. vahI, pR0 40-110 /

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10 jaina tIrtho kA aitihAsika adhyayana 2-purAtAttvika sAkSya tIrthoM ke itihAsa ke srota ke rUpa meM jina purAtAttvika sAkSyoM kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai, unheM do zreNiyoM meM bAMTA gayA hai (1) Abhilekhika sAkSya (2) jaina purAvazeSa (1) Abhilekhika sAkSya itihAsa ke nirmANa meM abhilekhoM kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / tIrthoM ke itihAsa ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM se sambandhita abataka aneka abhilekha prApta hue haiM aura unameM se adhikAMza prakAzita bhI ho cuke haiN| ina sampradAyoM se sambandhita abhilekha prAyaH alaga-alaga saMkalanoM meM prakAzita haiM, inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai - 1-nAhara, pUranacanda- jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga 1-3 2-munijinavijaya- prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha bhAga 1-2 3-jaina, choTelAla jainapratimAyantralekhasaMgraha 4-vijayadharmasUri prAcInalekhasaMgraha bhAga 1-2 5-jaina, hIrAlAla tathA anya jainazilAlekhasaMgraha" bhAga 1-5 / 6-munikAntisAgara--- jainadhAtupratimAlekha 7-loDhA, daulatasiMha- zrI jainapratimAlekhasaMgraha 8-nAhaTA, agaracanda-- bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha. . evaM bhaMvaralAla 1. kalakattA, I0 san 1917.29 2. zrI jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara I0 san 1921 3. purAtattvAnveSaNI jaina pariSada, kalakattA, I0 san 1923 4. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, I0 san 1927 5. mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA meM prakAzita 1. zrI jinadattasUri jJAna bhaMDAra, sUrata, I0 san 1950 7. yatIndra sAhitya sadana, dhAmaNiyA, mevAr3a, I0 san 1951 8. nAhaTA bradarsa, kalakattA, I0 san 1951

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viSaya praveza 9 - muni jayantavijaya So 10 - muni vizAlavijaya - arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha ' arbudAcalapradakSiNA jainalekhasaMdoha rAdhanapurajanale khasaMdoha 11 - muni buddhisAgara 12 - mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara - pratiSThAlekha saMgraha " 1 jainadhAtu pratimAlekhasaMgraha bhAga1-24 1. vijayadhamaMsUri granthamAlA, ujjaina, vi0 saM0 1994 2. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2005 3. vahI, vi0 saM0 2016 4. zrIadhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maMDala, mumbaI, vi0 saM0 1973 ukta saMkalana atyanta upayogI haiM / inase jaina zrAvakoM dvArA tIrthoM para sampanna karAye gaye nirmANa, punarnirmANa evaM dAnAdi diye jAne, samakAlIna rAjAoM Adi ke bAre meM vistRta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / (2) jaina purAvazeSa prAcIna jinAlayoM evaM pratimAoM ke avazeSa bhI tIrthoM ke itihAsa ke srota ke rUpa meM AdhArabhUta sAmagrI prastuta karate haiM / prAcIna, pUrvamadhyayugIna evaM madhyayugIna aneka jinAlaya jo Aja vidyamAna haiM unase usa tIrtha kI prAcIna sthiti yathA - nirmANa, muslima AkramaNakAriyoM dvArA usakA bhaMga, zraddhAlu zrAvakoM dvArA usakA punarnimArNa Adi ke bAre meM vistRta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / kisI bhI maMdira ke sthApatyakalA ko dekhakara bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM usakI sthiti kA Akalana kiyA jAtA hai / isI prakAra jina ( tIrthaGkara) pratimAoM kI nirmANa zailI ke AdhAra para unakI prAcInatA kA Akalana hotA hai / uttara pradeza meM mathurA kI jaina kalAkRtiyA~, zrAvastI kA sobhanAtha maMdira, bihAra meM rAjagiri kI pahAr3iyoM para sthita jaina - maMdira ke purAvazeSa, rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta ke aneka nagaroM meM sthita prAcIna evaM arvAcIna jinAlaya bhI apane Apa meM tIrthoM ke itihAsa ke eka pramukha srota haiM / 6 ma 5. sumati sadana, koTA [ rAjasthAna ] I0 san 1953 6. ghoSa, amalAnanda saMpA0 jaina kalA aura sthApatya khaMDa 1 - 3 ke vibhinna adhyAya /

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"12 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana inake atirikta prAcIna nagariyoM ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM dvArA likhe gaye zodha lekha evaM grantha bhI hamAre liye ati upayogI sUcanAyeM pradAna karate haiM / isa sambandha meM e0 kaniMghama,' e0 esa0 altekara,2 nandolAla De 3, bI. sI. laoN', kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI, DI. Ara. 'pATila, ke. sI. jaina Adi kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra tIrthoM ke itihAsa ke srota ke rUpa meM sAhityika aura purAtAtvika sAkSyoM kA vipula bhaMDAra upalabdha hai| jahA~ taka adhyayana zailI kA prazna hai, sarvaprathama kalpa meM ullikhita bAtoM ko suniyojita DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura aisA karane meM una tathyoM para vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai jo spaSTataH aitihAsika mahattva ke pratIta hote haiM, yathA jinAlayoM ke ullekha, unase sambandhita 'vizeSa vyaktiyoM aura ghaTanAoM ke ullekha aadi| prAyaH camatkArika aura sAmAnya rUpa se paurANika pratIta hone vAlI kathAoM ko vivecana se bAhara rakhA gayA hai athavA unakA saMketa mAtra kiyA gayA hai| punaH kalpapradIpa meM prApta ina sUcanAoM ke mUla srota ko zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM DhaDhane kI ceSTA hai aura isa saMdarbha meM AvazyakatAnusAra digambara granthoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| purAtAtvika ava 1. kaniMghama, e0-ArkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA riporTa, jilda 1-30 / 2. altekara, e0 esa0-'e hisTrI oNpha ainzeMTa siTIja eNDa TAunsa oNpha gujarAta eNDa kAThiyAvAr3a' iNDiyana ainTIkverI, I0 san 1924-25 / 3. De, nandolAla-e jyogrAphikala DiksanarI oNpha ainzenTa eNDa miDavala innddiyaa| 4. laoN, bI0sI 0-hisTorikala jyogrAphI oNpha enzaMTa innddiyaa| 5. kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI-prAcIna bhaugolika ullekho, (parIkha aura zAstrI-saMpA0 gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, bhAga 1, itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA, pR0 153-336 / 6. pATila, DI0 Ara0-kalcarala heriTeja oNpha madhyabhArata / 7. jaina, kailAzacandra-ainTa siTIja eNDa TAunsa oNpha rAjasthAna /

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viSaya praveza 13 zeSoM aura samakAlika pramANoM kA sadupayoga kalpapradIpa ke sUcanAoM kI samIkSA tathA vibhinna tIrthoM kI aitihAsikatA ke vivecana ke saMdarbha meM kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki kalpapradIpa ke aneka tIrtha sAmAnyarUpa se brAhmaNIya aura bauddha paramparA meM bhI tIrtha rUpa meM pratiSThita the, ataH tIrthoM ke aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi kI carcA meM prasaMgAnusAra janetara mAnyatAoM meM bhI unakI sthiti kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| jahA~taka caurAsItIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa meM ullikhita tIrthoM kA prazna hai, cUki unake bAre meM AcArya jinaprabhasUri kA vivaraNa atyanta saMkSipta hai, ataH unake sambandha meM prApta anya srotoM ke AdhAra para hI una tIrthoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai|

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adhyAya granthakAra aura grantha kA paricaya kalpapradIpa ke racanAkAra AcArya jinaprabhasUri kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya jinaprabhasUri 14 vIM zatI ke zreSTha vidvAn aura eka prabhAvazAlI jaina AcArya the / inake jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM kA jina - racanAoM meM ullekha milatA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : :-- 1 1 - kanyAnayanIyamahAvIrapratimAkalpa ' 2 - kanyAnayanIya mahAvIrapratimAkalpaparizeSa 3 - jinazAsanaprabhAvanAyAM zrIjinaprabhasUriprabandha - R 4 -- jinaprabhasUribhiH pIrojasuratrANaH pratibodhitasambandhaH 4 5 - vRddhAcArya prabandhAvalI " 3 inameM prathama do racanAyeM jinaprabhasUri ke ziSyoM dvArA likhI gayI haiM / inameM AcArya kA sultAna ke samparka meM Ane aura tatpazcAt unake 1. vividha tIrthakalpa pR0 45-46 2. vahI, pR0 95-96 3. upadezasaptati -- racanAkAra, somadha maMgaNi [ racanAkAla - vi0 saM0 1530] saMpAdaka - mohanalAla amRtalAla saMghavI (prakAzaka - jaina sastu sAhitya granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1998] pR0 49-51 / 4. prabandhapaJcazatI - racanAkAra- - zubhazIla gaNi (racanAkAla vi0saM0 kI 15 vIM zatI ) saMpAdaka - zrI mRgendra muni, (prakAzaka - suvAsita sadana, sUrata, I0 san 1968) pR0 175 / 5. jinavijaya muni - saMpA0 kharataragaccha bRhadgurvAvalI (siMghI jaina granthamAlA-granthAGka 42, bambaI 1956 I0) pR0 94-96 /

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viSaya praveza dvArA kiye gaye tIrthayAtrAdi kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai, parantu AcArya ke prArambhika jIvana Adi ke bAre meM ina racanAoM se koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| upadezasaptazatI meM bhI AcArya ke jIvana se sambandhita kucha ghaTanAoM kI carcA hai| prabandhapaJcazatI meM AcArya dvArA samaya-samaya para prakaTa kiye gaye camatkAroM kA hI vivaraNa hai| parantu vRddhAcAryaprabandhAvalI meM unake prArambhika jIvana, dIkSA, vidyAdhyayana, AcAryapada prApti evaM camatkAroM kA vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai| vRddhAcAryaprabandhAvalI ke anusAra AcArya jinaprabha kA bAlyakAla kA nAma subhaTapAla thaa| inake pitA kA nAma ratnapAla aura dAdA kA nAma mahIdhara thA, jo mohilavAr3I nagarI ke nivAsI, zrImAlagotrIya aura tAmbavaMzIya zrAvaka the| subhaTapAla apane mAtA-pitA ke sabase choTe santAna the| vi. saM. 1326 meM kharataragaccha kI laghuzAkhA ke prathama AcArya jinasiMhasari se inhoMne dIkSA lI, usa samaya inakI Ayu mAtra 8 varSa kI thii| isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vi. saM. 1318 ke lagabhaga inakA janma haA thaa| dIkSA prApti ke uparAnta inhoMne jaina sAhitya, darzana, alaGkAra, chanda, vyAkaraNa, koSa Adi kA acchA adhyayana kiyaa| inhoMne apane dIkSAguru jinasiMhasari ke pAsa hI uparokta sabhI viSayoM kA adhyayana kiyA yA bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM ke pAsa, yaha spaSTa nahIM hotaa| vi. saM. 1341 meM jinaprabhasUri ke nAma se ye apane guru ke paTTadhara hue| AcArya jinaprabha vidyApracAra ke bar3e premI the| vidyAdAna ke sambandha meM ye UMca-nIca, gaccha sampradAya, jaina-ajaina Adi kA koI bhI bheda nahIM rakhate the balki samabhAva se sabhI ko vidyAdAna dete the| svayaM kharataragaccha ke eka agragaNya AcArya hote huye bhI inhoMne anya gacchoM 1. kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvalI pR0 94-95 / 2. mahopAdhyAya vinaya sAgara-zAsana prabhAvaka AcArya jinaprabha aura unakA sAhitya (jayapura, 1975 I0), pR0 33 / / 3. vahI, pR0 36-39 /

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granthakAra aura grantha kA paricaya ke kaI muniyoM ko vidyAdAna diyA jinameM harSapurIyagaccha ke AcArya zrItilakasUri ke ziSya rAjazekharasUri, rudrapallIyagaccha ke AcArya padmazekhara ke ziSya saMghatilakasUri, nAgendragacchIya mallisena sUri Adi pramukha the| eka bAra AcArya jinaprabhasUri vihAra karate huye dillI pahu~ce, vahAM Apa kI khyAti sunakara sultAna muhammada tugalaka ne apane darabAra meM Apako nimaMtrita kiyaa| inakA vi0saM0 1385 pauSa zukla dvitIyA AcAryazrI ko sultAna se mile / usane inakA bar3A satkAra kiyA aura upahAra Adi bheMTa kiyaa| avasara dekhakara sUrijI ne sultAna se tIrtha rakSA kA pharamAna mAMgA, jo sahaja hI prApta ho gyaa| isa prakAra inhoMne sultAna para apanA prabhAva sthApita kara samasta jaina tIrthoM aura jaina saMghoM ko muslima atyAcAroM se mukta kraayaa| sultAna ne inheM apane mahala ke pAsa hI upAzraya bhI pradAna kiyaa| AcAryazrI prAyaH sultAna darabAra meM padhArate, vahAM inake dvArA vibhinna avasaroM para aneka camatkAroM ke pradarzana kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|" Apane dakSiNa bhArata (mahArASTra prAnta) kI yAtrA hetu jinadevasUri ko 14 anya ziSyoM ke sAtha dillI meM hI rahane kA Adeza diyA aura svayaM saMgha ke sAtha mahArASTramaMDala ke liye prasthAna kiyaa| sthAna-sthAna para zrAvakoM dvArA praveza mahotsava kA Ayojana karAyA gyaa| mArga meM sthita tIrthoM kI yAtrA karate huye Apa mahArASTramaMDala pahuMce jahAM saMghapati jagasiMha, sAhaNa, malladeva Adi ne ApakA svAgataH kiyaa| isake bAda ye loga pratiSThAnapUra kI yAtrA para gaye aura vahAM se daulatAbAda pahuMce jahAM inhoMne ( sUri ne ) sAhu pethar3a, sAhu sahajA 1. vinayasAgara, pUrvokta pR0 37 / 2. vividhatIrthakalpa pR0 45-46 / 3. vahI, pR0 45.46 / / 4. vahI, pR0 45-46 / 5. prabandhapaJcazatI pR0 2.3, kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvalI pR0 94-96 / / 6. vividhatIrthakalpa pR0 96-97 / 7. vahI, pR0 95-96 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana aura Thakkura acala Adi dvArA nirmita caityoM ko zAhI pharamAna dikhAkara naSTa hone se bcaayaa| adhyayana adhyApana aura sAhityasarjana karate huye Apa 3 varSa dakSiNa meM hI rahe, phira sultAna ke Agraha para jyeSTha zukla 12 ko vahAM se prasthAna kiyA aura bhAdrapada zukla dvitIyA ko sultAna ke pAsa yoginapura (dillI) pahuMca gaye; jahAM inakA bar3A Adara-satkAra huA aura aneka upahAra bheMTa kiye gye| sultAna ne inheM eka naI vasati bhI pradAna kI jisameM inhoMne sultAna se hI prApta bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratimA bhI sthApita kii| sultAna jaba pUrva dezoM kI vijaya yAtrA para gayA to AcArya jinaprabha bhI sAtha-sAtha the, mArga meM inhoMne mathurA tIrtha kI yAtrA kii| AgarA taka Ate-Ate vaddhAvasthA ke kAraNa AcAryazrI ko kaSTa hone lagA, ataH hastinApuratIrtha kI yAtrA kA pharamAna lekara Apa dillI lauTa Aye aura vahAM se zAha cAhar3a ke putra zAha bohittha ko saMghapati banAkara hastinApura tIrtha kI yAtrA kI, vahAM navIna caityoM kA nirmANa karAyA aura jina pratimAoM kI pratiSThA kii| isa prakAra vibhinna avasaroM para AcAryazrI dvArA zAsana prabhAvanA kI gyii| jinaprabhasUri ke mRtyu kA samaya bhI hameM jJAta nahIM hotaa| inakI aMtima jJAta racanA mahAvIragaNadharakalpa vi0 saM0 1389 kI hai, ataH anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vi0 saM0 1390 ke AsapAsa lagabhaga 72 varSa kI Ayu meM inakI mRtyu huI hogii| jinaprabhasUri na kevala sultAna pratibodhaka, tIrtharakSaka aura zAsanaprabhAvaka AcArya the apitu uccakoTi ke vidvAn bhI the| ve na kevala jaina AgamoM ke balki nyAya, darzana, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, alaMkAra, chaMda, tIrthasAhitya Adi ke bhI uccakoTi ke vidvAna the, yaha bAta ukta viSayoM para likhI gayI unakI racanAoM se spaSTa hotI haiM / " tIrthoM 1. vividhatIrthakalpa pR0 96 / 2. vahI, pR0 97 / 3. vahI 4. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara-pUrvokta pR. 60-61 / 5. vahI, pR0 90-110 /

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18 pranthakAra aura grantha kA paricaya ke sambandha meM inake dvArA racita kalpapradIpa jaina sAhitya kA eka advitIya grantha hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jinaprabhasUri apane samaya ke uccakoTi ke vidvAn aura zAsanaprabhAvaka tathA muslima sultAnoM para apanA vyApaka prabhAva DAlane vAle prathama AcArya the / vividhatIrthakalpa kA paricaya __ AcArya jinaprabhasari dvArA racita isa grantha kA vAstavika nAma kalpapradIpa hai, kyoMki grantha kI prazasti meM yahI nAma milatA hai| isa grantha ke sampAdaka munizrI jinavijaya jI ne ise vividhatIrthakalpa nAma diyA, jisase yaha grantha isI nAma se prasiddha huaa| kalpapradIpa jinaprabhasUri kI choTI-bar3I aneka racanAoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| loka meM unakI prasiddhi isI graMtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM hai / jaina vidvAnoM ke alAvA aneka jainetara prAcyavid evaM itihAsakAroM ne isameM varNita tIrthoM ke vivecana tathA usameM ullikhita katipaya anuzrutiyoM kI aitihAsikatA para vicAra kiyA hai| inameM esa0 pI0 paMDita, jArja bUhalara Adi kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| I0 san 1934 meM muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita aura siMghI jainagraMthamAlA dvArA prakAzita ho jAne para yaha grantha sAmAnya rUpa se sulabha ho sakA; tabhI se vidvAnoM ne isa grantha kA samucita upayoga karanA Arambha kiyA aura Aja bhI vaha krama jArI hai| grantha kI prazasti ke anusAra yaha graMtha zrIhammIra muhammada (sultAna muhammada tugalaka) ke rAjya meM yoginIpattana (dillI) meM bhAdrapada kRSNa dasamI budhavAra vi0 saM0 1389 ko pUrNa huaa| grantha samApti kI prazasti ko chor3akara kula 62 kalpa haiM jinameM se 6 kalpoM ke anta meM unakI racanA kA samaya bhI diyA gayA hai / ye kalpa haiM vaibhAragirikalpa-vi0saM01364, zatruJjayakalpa-vi0saM01385; DhIpurIstava-vi0 saM0 1386; apApAbRhatkalpa-vi0 saM0 1387, hastinApurastava-vi. saM. 1388; mahAvIragaNadharakalpa-vi0 saM0 1389; zeSa kalpoM meM unakI racanA-tithi kA ullekha nhiiN| phira bhI kucha kalpoM kI racanA kA samaya unameM varNita sandarbho ke AdhAra

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 19 para anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise satyapuratIrthakalpa vi0 saM0 1367 ke bAda kabhI likhA gayA / arbudagirikalpa vi0 saM0 1378 ke uparAnta racA gayA aura kanyAnayanIyamahAvIrapratimAkalpa vi0 saM0 1385 ke uparAnta saMbhavataH vi0 saM0 1388-89 meM likhA gyaa| isa kalpa kA pUraka kanyAnayamahAvIrakalpaparizeSa to unake dehAnta ke paryApta samaya bAda likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai| ise unake vidyAziSya saMghatilakasari ke paTTadhara vidyAtilaka aparanAma somatilaka ne racA jinake kumArapAlaprabandha kA racanA kAla vi0 saM0 1424/I0 san 1367 hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki kalpapradIpa ke vibhinna kalpoM kI racanA vi0 saM0 1364 se vi0 saM0 1389 taka lagabhaga 25 varSoM ke bIca kI gyii| do-cAra kalpa vi0 saM0 1364 ke pUrva bhI racita ho sakate haiM / racanA sthaloM meM zatruJjayakalpa aura kanyAnayanIyamahAvIrapratimAkalpa dillI meM race gaye pratIta hote haiM / apApAbRhatkalpa devagiri meM racA gayA aura 'hastinApurastava' hastinApura meN| zeSa kalpoM ke racanAsthAna ke sambandha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| __ jaisA ki pahale hI kahA gayA hai isa grantha meM prazasti ko chor3akara kula 62 kalpa haiM, jinameM se tIrthaviSayaka kalpa isa prakAra haiM 1-aNahilapurasthitaariSTanemikalpa 2-apApApurIkalpa 3 -ayodhyApurIkalpa 4-arbudAdrikalpa 5-avantidezasthaabhinandanadevakalpa 6-azvAvabodhakalpa 7-aSTApadagirikalpa 8-ahicchatrAnagarIkalpa 9-AmarakuNDapadmAvatIdevIkalpa 10-urjayanta (raivataka) kalpa 11 - kanyAnayanIyamahAvIrapratimAkalpa 12-kalikuNDakukkuTezvarakalpa 13-kAmpilyapurakalpa

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20 14 - kapardiyakSakalpa 15 - kuMDuMgezvaranAbheya devakalpa 16 - kollapAkamANikyadevakalpa 17 - kokAvasatipArzvanAthakalpa 18- kauzAmbI nagarIkalpa 19 - caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa 20 - campApurIkalpa 21 - DhIMpurI kalpa 22- nandIzvaradvIpakalpa 23 - nAsikyapurakalpa 24 - pATaliputranagarakalpa 25 - stambhanakapArzvanAthakalpa 26 - pratiSThAnapurakalpa 27 - phalavaddhipArzvanAthakalpa 28 - mithilApurIkalpa 29 - mathurApurIkalpa 30 - ratnavAhapurakalpa 31 - vaibhAragirikalpa 32- zaMkhezvarapArzvanAthakalpa 33 - vArANasInagarIkalpa 34 - zatruJjayakalpa 35 - zuddhadantIsthita pArzvanAthakalpa 36 - zrAvastI nagarI kalpa granthakAra aura grantha kA paricaya 37 - zrIpuraantarikSapArzvanAthakalpa 38 - satyapuratIrthakalpa 39 - harikaMkhInagarasthita pArzvanAthakalpa 40- hastinApurakalpa / inameM se pAvApurI, aSTApada, kanyAnayanIya, DhIMpurI aura haritanApura ke do-do kalpa haiM / pratiSThAnapura ke tIna kalpa haiM tathA giranAra para cAra kalpa haiM, ataH 62 meM se 12 nikala jAne para 50 tIrthaM bace aura unameM bhI tIrthaMkaraatizaya vicAra, paMcakalyANakastava, paMcaparameSThIkalpa,

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jaina tIthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana mahAvIragaNadharakalpa, samavazaraNa kalpa, vastupAla tejapAla kalpa, ambikAdevIkalpa aura vyAghrIkalpa nikAla dene para kula 40-41 tIrtha hI bacate haiN| unameM se bhI aSTApadatIrtha dharmaghoSasUri dvArA aura kanyAnayana mahAvIrakalpaparizeSa vidyAtilakasUri dvArA racita haiN| isI prakAra kanyAnayanIya mahAvIrapratimAkalpa munIzvarasUri ne likhA hai / uparokta kalpoM meM caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / isameM 24 tIrthaGkaroM se sambandhita sthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM 1 - AdinAtha 2- ajitanAtha 3- sambhavanAtha 4 - abhinandanadeva 5 - sumatinAtha 6--padmaprabha 7 - supArzvanAtha 8 - candraprabha 9 - suvidhanAtha 10 - zItalanAtha 11- zreyAMsanAtha 21 kAzahRda, pAraskara, ayodhyA, kolhApura, sUrpAraka, nagaramahAsthAna, dakSiNApatha gommaTezvara bAhubali, uttarApatha kA kaliMgadeza, khaGgAragar3ha, mahAnagarI, purimatAla, takSazilA, mokSatIrtha, kollapAkapattana, gaGgAyamunAsaMgama | ayodhyA, canderI, tAraNa (tAraMgA ), aMgadikA / zrAvastI | gamatIgrAma | krauMcadvIpa, siMhaladvIpa, haMsadvIpa, amburiNIgrAma | mAhendraparvata aura kauzAmbI / dazapura aura mathurA 1 prabhAsa, valabhI, nAsikya, candrAvatI aura vArANasI / kAyAdvAra / prayAga / vindhyAcala, malayagiri /

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22 . granthakAra aura grantha kA paricaya 12-vAsupUjya cmpaapurii| 13-vimalanAtha kAmpilya, siNhpur| 14-anantanAtha mathurA, dvArikA, zAkapANi / 15-dharmanAtha rtnvaahpur| 16-zAntinAtha kiSkindhA, laMkA, pAtAlalaMkA aura trikUTagiri 17-18-kunthunAtha aura aranAtha gaGgA-yamunA kA saMgama (pryaag)| 19-mallinAtha shriiprvt| 20-suvratanAtha bhagupattana, pratiSThAna, ayodhyA , vindhyAcala aura mANikyadaNDaka / 21-naminAtha ayodhyaa| 22-neminAtha zorIpura, pATalAnagara, mathurA, dvArakA, siMhapura, stambhatIrtha aura zaMkhajinAlaya / 23-pArzvanAtha ajAharA, stambhanaka, phalodhI, karaheTaka, ahicchatrA, kalikuMDa-nAgahRda, kukkuTezvara, mAhendraparvata, oMkAraparvata, vArANasI, mahAkAla,. matharA, campA, malayagiri, vindhyA.. cala, himAcala, zrIpura, DAkulI-- bhImazaGkara / 24-mahAvIra rAmasaina,zrIparvata, moDhera, vAyar3a, kher3a, pAlI,bhAtuNTaka, muNDasthala, zrImAla pattana,upakezapura, kuNDagrAma, satyapura, TaMkA, gaGgAhRda, sarasthAna, vItabhaya, campA, pAvA, puNDraparvata, nandivardhana, koTibhUmi, rAjagRha,, kailAza. aura rohaNAcala //

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jaina tIthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana uparokta sUcI se spaSTa hai ki granthakAra ne caturazItimahAtIrthanAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata pratyeka tIrthaGkara se sambandhita sthAnoM kA alagaalaga ullekha kiyA hai / isa sUcI meM ullikhita kucha tIrtha aise haiM jinakI eka se adhika bAra carcA hai, isase yahI samajhanA cAhie ki eka hI sthAna para eka se jyAdA tIrthaGkaroM ke jinAlaya vidyamAna rahe aura yaha bAta asvAbhAvika nahIM lagatI / ukta sUcI meM rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ke tIrthoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai, isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki ve isa kSetra ke nivAsI the ataH ina kSetroM se unakA acchA paricaya thA / dUsare madhyayuga meM ye prAnta zvetAmbara jaina dharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahe / uparokta sUcI meM Aye hue ve tIrthaM jo deza ke anya bhAgoM meM sthita haiM, unameM se adhikAMza tIrthoM kA granthakAra ne apane pUrvAcAryoM se prApta sUcanAoM aura apanI kalpanA ke AdhAra para ullikhita kiyA hai / " apane dhArmika utsAha aura vRddha - paramparA meM atyadhika zraddhA ke kAraNa vizva ke sambandha meM pracalita jaina khagolazAstrIya mAnyatAoM para AdhArita kucha bhaugolika nAmoM kA bhI unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai jo pUrNatayA kAlpanika haiM / tathApi unakI sUcI meM ullikhita aneka tIrthaM Aja bhI jaina kendra ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM / isameM kucha aise bhI tIrthoM kA ullekha AyA hai jahA~ prAcIna kAla meM jaina kendra honA nirvivAda hai, kyoMki jaina sAhityika pramANoM se unakI sUcanA milatI hai, parantu Aja vahA~ koI bhI jaina purAvazeSa prApta nahIM hotA apitu vahAM sthita jinAlaya evaM jina pratimAyeM bhI vartamAna yuga kI haiM / isI prakAra isa sUcI meM kucha aise bhI tIrthoM kI carcA AyI hai jo jaina dharma ke nahIM apitu anya dharmoM ke tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM, sAtha hI sAtha jaina sAhitya meM anyatra unakI carcA bhI nahIM milatI, aisI sthiti meM vahAM kisI jinAlaya kA honA asaMbhava to nahIM parantu saMdigdha avazya lagatA hai / isa sUcI meM aise bhI tIrthoM kA nAmollekha hai jinakI bhaugolika sthiti bhI ajJAta hai / isI prakAra isa sUcI meM deza ke bAhara sthita kucha tIrthoM kI bhI carcA AyI hai / caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata prAyaH una sabhI tIrthoM kA nAmollekha huA hai, jina para kalparUpa meM vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / parantu kalpa ke rUpa meM hI varNita kucha aise bhI tIrtha haiM, jinakA isa 23

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granthakAra aura grantha kA paricaya sUcI meM ullekha nahIM milatA, yaha apane Apa meM rocaka hai / granthakAra dvArA ullikhita caurAsI saMkhyA bhI eka pavitra saMkhyA hai, vastutaH isa sUcI meM caurAsI se adhika tIrthoM kA ullekha hai / 24 isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata vAstavika tIrthoM ke sAtha-sAtha paurANika, paramparAgata evaM ajJAta sthiti vAle tIrthoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, parantu unakI saMkhyA nyUna hI hai / isa sandarbha meM eka rocaka tathya yaha hai ki jahAM eka ora kalpapradIpa meM granthakAra ke samaya ke aura vizeSakara gujarAtarAjasthAna aura samIpavartI kSetroM ke kama yA adhika mahatva vAle prAyaH sabhI tIrthoM kA samAveza lagatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora anya pramANoM, vizeSakara purAtAtvika pramANoM se siddha kucha pratiSThita jaina tIrthoM kA ullekha nahIM / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yahAM do kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai; pahalA uttarapradeza ke jhAMsI jile kA devagar3ha aura dUsarA madhyapradeza ke chatarapura jile kA khajurAho / purAtAtvika pramANoM ke AdhAra para jaina kendra ke rUpa meM devagar3ha kA itihAsa I0 san 7 vIM zatI se lekara I0 san 15 vIM zatI taka hai, isI prakAra khajurAho bhI I0 san 10 vIM zatI se lekara I0 san 13 vIM zatI taka jaina dharma kA pramukha kendra rahA, phira bhI kalpapradIpa meM inakA ullekha kyoM nahIM hai ? yaha eka atyanta rocaka prazna hai / spaSTa hI yaha uttara to santoSajanaka nahIM hogA ki jinaprabhasUri ke samaya ye kendra hrAsa para the yA samAptaprAya the kyoMki donoM hI sthitiyoM meM granthakAra se ina sthAnoM ke itihAsa kI dUrI nahIM ke barAbara hai, phira yaha bhI dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki kalpapradIpa meM aise aneka tIrthoM kA ullekha hai jo unake samaya meM ( 14 vIM zatI meM ) samAptaprAya the athavA jinakI kalpapradIpa ke atirikta anya kisI sAkSya ke AdhAra para vidyamAna honA siddha nahIM hotA / isI prakAra isa yukti kA bhI upayoga karanA saMbhava nahIM pratIta hotA ki uparyukta tIrthoM ke digambara AmnAya se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa kalpapradIpa meM unakA ullekha nahIM, kyoMki zvetAmbara paramparA ke hote hue bhI granthakAra ne digambara tIrthoM kA bhI sammAna ullekha kiyA hai / yaha sambhAvanA avazya vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki devagar3ha aura khajurAho kA samIkaraNa kalpapradIpa meM

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jaina tIthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 25 ullikhita kucha aise tIrthoM se kI jA sake, jinakA abhI taka koI samucita pahacAna nahIM hai, yadyapi yaha sambhAvanA bhI bahuta balavatI nahIM, kyoMki sAmAnya rUpa se devagar3ha aura khajurAho jaise kendroM, jinake sambandha meM purAtAtvika aura Abhilekhika donoM prakAra ke pracura sAkSya haiM, unake pahacAna meM itanI kaThinAI ho / isa prakAra yaha rocaka prazna samprati vivAdagrasta hI hai aura isakA santoSajanaka uttara denA sambhava nahIM hai /

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adhyAya-3 jainadharma kA prasAra : aitihAsika sarvekSaNa (kalpapradIpa) vividhatIrthakalpa kI tIrthaviSayaka sAmagrI ke samucita mUlyAMkana ke liye isa grantha kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi aura jaina dharma ke prasAra kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai jinaprabhasUri caudahavIM zatAbdI ke eka jainAcArya the aura saMbhavataH marudeza ( rAjasthAna ) ke nivAsI the| inake grantha kI tatkAlika aura vAstavika pRSThabhUmi to isa kSetra meM prAyaH caulakya aura cAhamAna rAjAoM ke zAsana kAla meM bhalIbhAMti pratiSThita jaina dharma kA itihAsa hai, jo bAda kI zatAbdiyoM meM bhI vikAsonmukha rahA / parantu granthakAra ne aise aneka tIrthoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, jo na kevala deza ke anya kSetroM se sambandhita haiM balki jinameM aneka kI sthApanA jaina dharma ke prAcInatama itihAsa ke yuga kI hai aura svayaM jinaprabhasUri usa itihAsa kA smaraNa karate haiM, ataH graMtha ke pRSThabhUmi ke samyak adhyayana ke liye jaina dharma ke prasAra kA eka aitihAsika sarvekSaNa Avazyaka hai| prastuta sarvekSaNa cAra pramukha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai| prArambha meM jaina dharma ke prArambhika prasAra kA vivecana hai jo prAyaH I0 san kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM taka AtA hai aura isa yuga meM jaina dharma kI bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM sthApanA kI prakriyA prArambha ho jAtI hai| jaina dharma kA zvetAmbara aura digambara AmnAya meM vibhAjana isI yUga se sambandhita hai / dvitIya bhAga meM uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma ke prasAra kA sarvekSaNa hai jisameM prAyaH vartamAna uttara pradeza, bihAra, baMgAla, ur3IsA, madhyapradeza aura rAjasthAna ke kSetra sammilita haiN| isake pazcAt dakSiNa bhArata aura anta meM gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a meM jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI carcA hai / svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha antima carcA apekSAkRta adhika

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jaina tIthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana vistRta hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jinaprabhasUri ke yuga meM jainadharma mukhya rUpa se prAyaH isI kSetra meM kendrita thaa| jaina dharma kA prArambhika prasAra / jaina dharma bhAratavarSa ke ati prAcIna dharmoM meM se eka hai| jaina paramparAnusAra 24 tIrthaGkara hue| antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra svAmI IsA pUrva chaThI zatI meM he| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne 23 veM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha aura 24 veM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ko aitihAsika vyaktiyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| zeSa tIrthaGkaroM kI aitihAsikatA saMdigdha hai| pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra svAmI ke samaya jaina dharma kina-kina sthAnoM para phailA haA thA, isa sambandha meM hameM jaina AgamoM se jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / jJAtAdharmakathA ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ne ahicchatra, kauzAmbI, sAketa, kAmpilya, matharA aura rAjagaha meM vihAra kiyA thaa|2 pArzvanAtha ke pazcAt unake ziSyoM ne unake dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM tuMgiyA nagarI ke nivAsiyoM kA ullekha pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyiyoM ke rUpa meM huA hai| mahAvIra svAmI ke mAtA-pitA bhI pArzvanAtha kI paramparA hI anuyAyI the|4 utpala, municandra, peDhAlaputra, kezIkumAra Adi bhI pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke. hI the| ye mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| inameM se gAMgeya, peDhAlaputra aura kezIkumAra ne mahAvIra ke paMcayAma vAle dharma ko svIkAra 1. [i] jAkobI, hamana- 'jaina sUtrAja' [sekreDa buksa oNpha da IsTa] jilda XLV, (AksaphorDa, I0san 1895) inTroDakzana, pR0xxi [ii] buhalara, jArja-inDiyana saikTa oNpha da jainAja (iii) jaina, hIrAlAla-bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, (bhopAla, 1962 I0) pR0 21 2. mehatA, mohanalAla aura candrA, ke0 Ara0--prAkRta prApara nemsa. (ahamadAbAda, I0 san 1970) bhAga 1 pR0 453 3. vahI, pR0 343 4. jaina, hIrAlAla-pUrvokta, pR0 22

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28 janadharma kA prasAra kara liyA / ' pArzvanAtha kI zramaNa paramparA meM striyAM bhI dIkSita hotI thiiN| jaina Agamika sAhitya meM aisI aneka striyoM ke nAma bhI milate haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki mahAvIra svAmI ke janma ke samaya taka nirgrantha dharma vartamAna uttara pradeza aura bihAra ke kucha bhAgoM taka phaila cukA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko nirgrantha dharma kA vAstavika saMsthApaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne 72 varSa kI umra pAyI aura apane jIvana ke prathama 30 varSa gRhastha rUpa meM vyatIta kiye tathA zeSa 42 varSa virakta ke rUpa meN| ghara chor3ane ke bAda 12 varSoM taka unhoMne vartamAna uttara pradeza, bihAra aura baMgAla ke aneka sthAnoM kI yAtrA kii| 13 veM varSa ve jaMbhiyagrAma pahuMce jahAM RjuvAlikA nadIke taTapara unheM kaivalya prApta huaa| tatpazcAt unhoMne rAjagaha aura nAlandA meM 14, mithilA meM 6, vaizAlI aura vaNiya grAma meM 4, bhaddiyA nagarI meM 2 aura AlaM"bhiyA, paNiyabhUmi, 'zrAvastI aura pAvA meM 1-1 varSAvAsa vyatIta kiyA / pAvA meM hI unakA dehAnta huaa| isa samaya taka nirgrantha dharma bihAra aura pUrvI uttarapradeza meM apanI sthiti dRr3ha kara cukA thaa| ___ mahAvIra ke samakAlIna magadha nareza bimbisAra aura ajAtazatru jaina dharma se prabhAvita the| ajAtazatru kA putra udAyI bhI eka zraddhAlu jainopAsaka thA / udAyI ke pazcAt magadha meM nandoM kA zAsana prArambha 1. jaina, jagadIzacandra-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha (vArANasI I0 san 1957) pR0 6-7 2. vahI, pR0 7 3. vahI 4. jaMbhiya bahiH ujuvAliya tIraviyAvatta sAmasAlaahe / chaTheNukkuDuyassa u uppannaM kevalanANaM / Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 525 5. jaina, jagadIzacandra, pUrvokta, pR0 8-13 6. pAvAe NayarIe ekko vIresaro siddho / tiloyapaNNattI, adhi0 4, gAthA 1208 / 7. jaina, jagadIzacandra-pUrvokta, pR0 13 8. deva, esa0 bI0 hisTrI oNpha jaina monAkijma, pR0 84-85 .

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana huaa| unake vyaktigata dharma ke bAre meM hamAre pAsa koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotii| khAravela ke hAthIgumphA abhilekha se unake vyaktigata dharma ke bAre meM kucha AbhAsa milatA hai| isa lekha ke anusAra nandoM ne kaliMga para AkramaNa kara vahAM se jina (tIrthaGkara) pratimA kA apaharaNa kara use apane yahAM sthApita kiyaa| isa ullekha se yaha anumAna hotA hai ki nanda vaMza ke rAjA bhI jaina dharmAnurAgI hI the|' nandoM ko apadastha kara mauryoM ne magadha kI rAjasattA hastagata kara lii| isa vaMza kA sarvaprathama zAsaka candragupta maurya ( I0 pUrva 324300) thaa| digambara jaina paramparAnusAra isake zAsana kAla meM magadha meM 12 varSoM kA bhISaNa akAla par3A, usa samaya AcArya bhadrabAhu ne apane ziSyoM ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata kI ora prasthAna kiyA, unameM candragupta maurya bhI the|2 zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI magadha meM par3e 12 varSIya duSkAla aura bhadrabAhu ke vahAM se bAhara jAne kA ullekha hai, parantu yaha paramparA unake nepAla jAne kI carcA karatI hai tathA candragupta maurya kA unase koI sambandha nahIM batalAtI / digambara paramparA kA samarthana maisUra prAnta ke zravaNabelagolA 1. deva, esa0 bI0-parvokta pR0 86-87 2. (i) mauDadharesucarimo jiNadikkhaM dharadi caMdaguttoM ya / tatto mauDadharA duppavvajja va geNhaMti // 1481 // tiloyapaNattI-yativRSabhAcArya, racanAkAla, I0 san chaThI zatAbdI, saMpAdaka-AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye evaM hIrAlAla jaina, (zolApura vi0 saM0 2000-2007) bhAga 1, caturthamahAdhikAra, pR0 338 (ii) bhadrabAhuvacaH zrutvA candragupto narezvaraH / asyaiva yoginaH pAveM dadhau janezvaraM tapaH // 38 // candraguptamuniH zIghra prathamo dazapUrviNAm / sarvasaMghAdhipo jAto visaSAcAryasaMjJakaH // 39 // 'bhadrabAhukathAnakaM'-bRhatkathAkoza-hariSeNa, racanAkAla, I0saM0931, saMpAdaka-AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye (siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAGka 17, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1999) pR0 317-319 3. taMmi ya kAle bArasa variso dukkAlo uvadvito, saMjatA ito ito ya samuddatIre acchittA puNaravi pADaliputte militA; tesiM aNNassa

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jainadharma kA prasAra 30 nAmaka sthAna se prApta I0 san chaThIM zatI ke abhilekhoM se bhI hotA hai aura itihAsakAroM ne isa AdhAra para digambara paramparA ko prAmA'Nika mAna liyA hai / phira bhI isa sambandha meM kucha ApattiyoM ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai 1 - kevala digambara paramparA meM hI candragupta maurya ko jainamatAvalambI batalAyA gayA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI yadyapi isa rAjA kA ullekha hai, parantu use kahIM bhI jaina dharma se sambandhita nahIM batalAyA gayA hai / 1 2 - candragupta maurya ke samaya taka nirgrantha (jaina) saMgha kA zvetAmbara aura digambara AmnAyoM meM vibhAjana nahIM huA thA / yadi ukta zAsaka ne nirgrantha dharma svIkAra kara liyA hotA to donoM paramparAoM meM usakA ullekha avazya hotA / 3 3 - candragupta maurya ke darabAra meM rahane vAle videzI rAjadUtoM ne nirgrantha zramaNoM kA ullekha to kiyA hai, parantu yaha kahI nahIM batalAyA hai ki candragupta maurya apane jIvana ke antima samaya nirgrantha zramaNa ho gayA thA / uparokta AdhAroM para candragupta maurya ke sambandha meM pracalita digambara mAnyatA kI aitihAsikatA saMdigdha lagatI hai / uddesao aNNassa khaMDaM, evaM saMghADitehi ekkArasa aMgANi saMghAtitANi, diTTivAdonatthi, nepAlavattaNIe ya bhaddabAhussAmI acchaMti coddasapubvI, vesi saMgheNaM patthavito saMghADao diTTivAdaM vAehitti, gato, AvazyakacUrNI - bhadrabAhu ( ratalAma I0 san 1927 - 1929) ******* | uttarabhAga, pR0 187 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 563-565; dazavaikAlikacUrNI, pR0 51, 81; 2. nirgrantha zramaNasaMgha kA digambara aura zvetAmbara AmnAya meM vibhAjana kA kAla vIra nirvANa ke 600 varSa pazcAta arthAt I0 san kI prathama zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai draSTavya-jaina, hIrAlAla, pUrvokta, pu0 31 oNpha iNDiyA, 3. majumadAra, Ara0 sI0 - klAsikala ekAunTsa pR0 425 aura Age /

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jaina tIthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 31 candragupta maurya kA putra aura uttarAdhikArI bindusAra thA / usake samaya meM jaina dharma kI sthiti ke bAre meM koI vivaraNa nahIM milatA / bindusAra kA uttarAdhikArI azoka yadyapi boddha dharma kA anuyAyI thA, parantu apanI dhArmika udAratA ke kAraNa usane AjIvikoM aura nirgranthoM (jainoM) kA bhI sammAna kiyA / ' azoka kA uttarAdhikArI usakA pautra samprati thA / jaina kathAnakoM ke anusAra vaha pUrva janma se hI jaina dharma se sambandhita rahA / bRhatkalpa- sUtrabhASya ke anusAra usane Andhra, draviNa, mahArASTra Adi pradezoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA aura unheM jaina zramaNoM ke vihAra ke liye surakSita banA diyA / usake bhAI zAlizuka ne saurASTra meM jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA | 2 prathama zatI IsA pUrva meM cedivaMzIya kaliMganareza khAravela ne usa prAcIna jina pratimA ko punaH apanI rAjadhAnI meM sthApita kiyA jise nandarAja lUTa kara magadha le gayA thA / ur3IsA meM bhuvanezvara ke nikaTa pahAr3iyoM meM sthita hAthIgumphA se prApta khAravela kA zilAlekha jaina dharma ke viSaya meM atyanta rocaka vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai / yaha abhilekha arhantoM aura siddhoM kI prArthanA se prArambha hotA hai / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki samrAT khAravela kA jaina dharma se sakriya sambandha thA / usake dvArA ur3IsA meM jaina dharma ke atyadhika pracAra ke kAraNa hI jaina dharma vahAM 12 vIM zatI taka vidyamAna raha sakA / samprati ke samaya se hI pUrvI bhArata meM jainadharma kA prabhAva kama hone lagA thA aura mAlavA tathA mathurA meM jaina dharma ne vizeSa lokapriyatA prApta kI / uttarakAlIna jaina paramparAnusAra ujjayinI ke 1. dillI (ToparA lekha azoka kA sAtavAM dharmazAsana - lekha kA aMtima bhAga draSTavya - jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga-2, saMpA0 bambaI (1952 I0) pR0 1-4; sarakAra, DI0sI0 - selekTa insakripsansa, pR0 63 2. hAthI gumphA kA zilAlekha paM0 vijayamUrti, saMpA0 jainazilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 2 lekhAMka 2, pR0 4-11 3. deva, esa0 bI0 - pUrvokta, pR0 93-97 paM0 vijayamUrti

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jainadharma kA prasAra 32 rAjA, saMvat pravartaka vikramAditya ko jaina AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / vikramAditya ke pitA aura ujjayinI ke pUrvavartI zAsaka gardabhilla ko kAlaka nAmaka eka jainAcArya ne apanI sAdhvI bahana se durAcAra ke kAraNa zakoM kI sahAyatA se padacyuta kara vahAM zaka rAjya sthApita karA diyaa| bAda meM vikramAditya ne vahAM se zakoM ko haTAkara apanA zAsana sthApita kiyA / isI kAlakAcArya ko hama pratiSThAna ke sAtavAhana nareza ke darabAra meM dekhate haiM, jahAM unhoMne paryuSaNA ke paMcamI tithi ko caturthI meM badala diyA / 1 uttarakAlIna jaina sAhitya meM isa sambandha meM pracura vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / * sAMkaliyA ne I0 pUrva dUsarI zatI kA eka zilAlekha bhI pUnA ke nikaTa pAla nAmaka sthAna se hAla meM hI prApta kiyA hai jisakA Arambha eka jaina mantra se hotA hai / " tathApi sAtavAhanoM ke sAtha jainoM ke vyApaka samparka ke pramANa atyalpa hI haiM I0 san kI prArambhika zatAbdI meM jaina saMgha kA zvetAmbara aura digambara AmnAyoM meM vibhAjana eka mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA thI / isa. 1. isa sambandha meM vistAra ke liye draSTavya [ a ] nAhaTA, agaracanda - vikramAditya sambandhI jaina sAhitya [ba] jaina, banArasIdAsa - jaina sAhitya meM vikramAditya [sa] zArloTe krAujhe -- jaina sAhitya aura mahAkAla maMdira ukta tInoM lekha pUrvaM gvAliyara rAjya dvArA prakAzita vikrama smRti grantha meM mudrita haiM / [4] Charlotte Krause - Siddhasena Divakara and Vikramaditya, Vikram Volume, Ujjain [ 1948 A. D. ] pp-213-280 2. nizIthacUrNI, bhAga-3 3. (i) nizItha cUrNI, bhAga - 3 (ii) kalpasUtravRtti-dharmasAgara, pR0 4 (iii) kalpasUtravRtti - vinayavijaya, pR0 270 4. deva, esa0 bI0 - pUrvokta, pR0 98 / 5. ghoSa, e0 - jaina kalA aura sthApatya, khaMDa 1, pR0 92 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana samaya mathurA jaina dharma kA eka mahAn kendra thaa| yahAM sthita kaMkAlI TIle ke utkhanana se prApta IMTa nirmita stUpa ke avazeSa, tIrthaGkaroM kI pratimAyeM, unake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM se aMkita pASANakhaMDa, AyAgapaTTa, toraNa, vedikAstambha Adi prakAza meM Aye haiM, jo prAyaH kuSANa yUga ke haiN| inameM se adhikAMza para lekha bhI utkIrNa haiN| ina zilAlekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja ke vyApArI tathA nimnavarga ke loga bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the|' isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki I0 san kI prArambhika zatI meM jaina dharma kaliGga, mAlavA aura mathurA meM apanI sthiti dRr3ha banAye hue thaa| gujarAta aura kAThiyAvAr3a meM bhI isa samaya yaha dharma lokapriya thA, yaha bAta jayadAmana ke pautra rudrasiMha ke jUnAgar3ha abhilekha se jJAta hotI hai / nirgrantha dharma ke prArambhika itihAsa ke uparyukta sarvekSaNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki I0 san kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM taka na kevala uttara bhArata ke vistRta bhU-bhAga meM balki dakSiNa aura dakSiNa-pazcima bhArata meM bhI isa dharma kA vyApaka prasAra ho cukA thaa| uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma uttara bhArata meM gupta kAla meM bhI jaina dharma vikasita avasthA meM vidyamAna rhaa| gupta samrATa dhArmika rUpa se pUrNarUpeNa sahiSNu the / sAhityika aura purAtAttvika donoM srotoM se isakA pramANa prApta hotA hai / udAharaNa ke liye kuvalayamAlAkahA ( udyotanasUri-racanA kAla zaka saM0 700/I0 san 778) meM kisI toramANa aura usake guru harigupta, jo gupta vaMza ke the, kA ullekha milatA hai / isa toramANa ko prasiddha hUNa nareza toramANa jisakI mRtyu I0 san kI chaThI zatI ke prathama dazaka meM huI thI, se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai aura harigupta ko usa harigupta se, jisakI tAmramudrAyeM milI haiM, samIkRta kiyA jAtA 1 deva, esa0 bI0-pUrvokta, pR0 98 / / 2. varjesa, jemsa-eNTikviTIja oNpha kAThiyAvAr3a eNDa kaccha, prathama bhAratIya saMskaraNa, (dillI, 1971 I0) 10 139 tathA Age, sAMkaliyA, eca0 DI0 -ArkiyolaoNjI oNpha gujarAta, (bambaI, 1941 I0 ) pR0 47-53 /

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jainadharma kA prasAra skanda 4 rAmagupta, candragupta vikramAditya', kumAragupta 'prathama', gupta, budhagupta" Adi ke abhilekhoM se patA calatA hai ki unake zAsana kAla meM brAhmaNIya aura bauddha dharma kI bhAMti jaina dharma bhI bikAsonmukha rahA / 34 haiM / 1 guptoM ke patana ke 50 varSoM ke pazcAt harSa ne uttara bhArata meM unakA sthAna grahaNa kiyA / yadyapi vaha bauddha dharmAnuyAyI thA, parantu jaina gRhasthoM dvArA diye gaye dAnoM se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina dharma ne isa kAla meM apanA astitva banAye rakhA, parantu usakI sthiti prAyaH durbala hI rahI / harSa ke pazcAt uttara bhArata meM jina do zaktiyoM kA abhyudaya huA ve haiM, pratihAra aura pAla / pratihAroM ke adhikAra meM madhyabhArata tathA uttara evaM uttara-pazcima bhArata tathA pAloM ke adhikAra meM pUrvI bhArata ( vartamAna baMgAla aura bihAra ) ke kSetra the / ina zaktiyoM meM sAmrAjya vistAra ke liye sadaiva Apasa meM hor3a lagI huI thii| jahAM taka gurjara pratihAroM kA prazna hai, ye yadyapi brAhmaNIya paramparA ke anuyAyI the, parantu unhoMne jaina dharma ko bhI paryApta sahAyatA pradAna kI / inake sAmrAjya ke aneka bhAgoM meM jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA gayA / isa vaMza ke prasiddha zAsaka vatsarAja ( I0 san 775-800 ) ke samaya 1. upAdhye, e0 ena0 - kuvalayamAlA, bhAga-2, prastAvanA, pR0 97-100 / 2: gai, jI0esa0 - 'thrI iMskripzansa oNpha rAmagupta' jarnala oNpha da oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3odA, jilda 18 (1969 I0) pR0 247-51 / 3. [ a ] pATila, DI0Ara0 - 'mAnumenTsa oNpha da udayagiri hila' vikrama vAlyUma - pR0 396 aura Age / [ba] zAha, yU0pI0, sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa (vArANasI, 1955 I0 ) pR014-15 / 4 paM0 vijaya mUrti - saMpA0 jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga-2, lekhAMka 93 pR0 59 / / 5. epigrAphiyA iMDikA, jilda xx, (1929-30 I0) pRSTha 59 60. deva, esa0 bI0 - pUrvokta, pR0 104 /

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35 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana osiyA ( rAjasthAna ) ke mahAvIra jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA gayA / yaha bAta ukta jinAlaya meM utkIrNa vi0 saM0 1013 / I0 san 956 ke eka lekha se jJAta hotI hai| AcArya jinasena, jo vatsarAja ke samakAlIna the, ne zaka saM0 705 / vi0 saM0 840 / I0 san 783 meM harivaMzapurANa ko pUrNa kiyA / vatsarAja ke pazcAt usakA putra nAgabhaTTa 'dvitIya' ( I0 san 800-833 ) gaddI para baiThA / jaina prabandha granthoM meM usakA eka nAma 'Ama' bhI milatA hai / prabhAvakacarita se jJAta hotA hai ki 'Ama' aura 'nAgAvaloka' eka hI the / usane jainAcArya bhaTTisUri kA sammAna kiyA aura unake nirdeza para kaI sthAnoM para jina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA / vatsarAja kA uttarAdhikArI mihirabhoja ( I0 san 826-885 ) bappabhaTTisUri ke ziSyoM nannasUri 1. ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iMDiyA, vesTanaM sarkila, progra esa riporTa.. 1906-07 I0, 0 15 / 2. nAhara, pUranacanda -- jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 788 / 3. zAkeSvabdazateSu saptasu dizaM paJcottareSUttarAM pAtIndrAyudhanAmni kRSNanRpaje zrIvallabhe dakSiNAm / pUrvaM zrImadavantibhUbhRti nRpe vatsAdirAje'parAM sUryANAmadhimaNDalaM jayayute vIre varAhe'vati // 52 // kalyANa: parivardhamAna vipula zrIvardhamAne pure zrIpAzrvAlayanannarAjavasatau paryAptazeSaH purA / ht U pAzcAddosta TikAprajAprajanitaprAjyAcaM nAvarcane zAnteH zAntagRhe jinasya racito vaMzo harINAmayam // 53 // SaTSaSTitamaH sargaH -- harivaMzapurANa | 24. nAgAvaloka ityAkhyAM rAjJastatra prabhudaMdI | tataH prabhRtyanenApi nAmnA vikhyAtimApa saH / / 188 / / sadyUtakRt tadAdAyAgamad AmanRpAgrataH / mudA mivedayAmAsa taccamatkArakAraNam // 189 / / "bappabhaTTisUriprabandha' - prabhAvakacarita, saMpAdaka - jinavijaya, pR0 86

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36 jainadharma kA prasAra aura govindasari ke prabhAva meM thA / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki garjara pratihAroM ke zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma phalatA-phalatA rhaa| ___ jahAM taka pUrvI bhArata kA prazna hai, sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hvenasAMma ke samaya puNDavardhana aura samataTa meM nirganthoM ( digambaroM) kI saMkhyA jyAdA thI2; yadyapi bahuta se bauddha saMghArAma aura devAlaya bhI vahAM vidyamAna the / baMgAla meM jaina dharma kI lokapriyatA yadyapi hvanasAMga ke samayoparAnta bhI banI rahI, kintu usake kucha samaya pazcAt AThavIM zatAbdI meM jaina gatividhiyoM ke saMketa na to sAhityika pramANoM se prApta hote haiM aura na hI purAtAtvika srotoM se| isase kucha vidvAnoM kI aisI dhAraNA huI ki bauddha dharmAvalambI pAlavaMza ke udaya ke sAtha hI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt baMgAla meM jainadharma kA hrAsa hone lgaa| parantu ukta dhAraNA kA khaMDana navIM aura dasavIM zatAbdI meM baMgAla ke 1. zrImadAmavihArAkhyatIrtha nantuM yayau nRpaH / tatra ziSyadvayaM dRSTaM bappabhaTTa mahAmuneH / / 760 / / vidyAvyAkSepatastAbhyAM na cakre bhUmipocitam / abhyutthAnAdisanmAnaM zrIbhojo'tha vyacintayat / / 761 // ajJAtavyavahArI hi ziSyAvetI prabhoH pade / na yujyate yato vizve vyavahAro mahatvabhUH // 762 // zrInannasUrirAcAryaH zrImAn govinda ityapi / AhUya pUjito rAjJA paTTa ca sthApito prabhoH / / 763 / / mor3here prahito nannasUriH sUriguNonnataH / pArve govindasUrizcAvasthApyata nRpeNa tu // 764 // bhojarAjastato'nekarAjya rASTragrahAgrahaH / AmAdabhyadhiko jajJe jainapravacanonnatI / / 765 / / "bappaTTisUriprabandha" prabhAvakacarita, pR0 110 / 2. majumadAra, Ara0 sI0-'jainijma ina ainziyanTa baMgAla' mahAvIra jainavidyAlayasuvarNamahotsavagrantha ( bambaI, I0 san 1968) bhAga-1, aMgrejI khaNDa, pa0 136-137 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 37 meM vibhinna bhAgoM se prApta aneka jaina avazeSoM se hotA hai / " isa yuga yahAM pASANa aura kAMsya kI aneka jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa huA, jaba ki pUre pradeza para bauddha dharma chAyA huA thA / dasavIM zatI ke 'pazcAt yahA~ se prApta jaina avazeSoM kI saMkhyA isI avadhi ke brAhmaNIya ora boddha avazeSoM kI saMkhyA kI tulanA meM atyanta sImita hai / isase spaSTa hai ki bauddha aura brAhmaNIya dharma kI tulanA meM jaina dharma kA nirantara hrAsa hotA gayA / isa sambandha meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki isa yuga meM isa kSetra ke jaina samAja meM vimalazAha jaisA rAjyAdhikArI athavA vastupAla - tejapAla aisA zreSThI nahIM thA, isIliye isa kSetra meM isa yuga meM jaina dharma ke saMrakSaNa meM kalA kA mahattvapUrNa vikAsa na ho sakA / parantu uttarI bhArata meM sthiti pUrNatayA bhinna thI / gurjara pratihAroM kI zakti kSINa hone para unake sAmanta candeloM ne apanI svataMtratA ghoSita kara dI / candela nareza bhI brAhmaNIyadharmAnuyAyI the, parantu inhoMne jaina dharma ke vikAsa meM pracura yogadAna diyA / khajurAho aura mahobA inakI rAjadhAnI thI, jahAM aneka sundara-sundara jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA gayA / isake alAvA inake sAmrAjya ke anya bhAgoM yathA canderI, bUr3hI canderI, siroMja, cAMdapura, dudhaI, madanapura, devagar3ha Adi sthAnoM para bhI sundara jinAlayoM kA nirmANa 9. isa sambandha meM vistAra ke liye draSTavya (i) kalyANa ke0 gAMgulI - jaina ArTa oNpha beMgAla / (ii) DI0 ke0 cakravartI - e sarve oNpha jaina enTikveriyana rimensa ina beMgAla / (iii) devA prasAda ghoSa - Traisa oNpha jainijma ina beMgAla / ukta tInoM lekha ekjivizana oNpha jaina ArTa soveniyara ( 1964 - 1965) meM mudrita haiM / (iv) gaNeza lalavAnI - saMpA0 jaina jarnala, jilda II, aGka 4, ( apraila 1969) pR0 160-67 // 2. ghoSa, amalAnanda - jaina kalA aura sthApatya, khaMDa 2, pR0277-78 / 3. zarmA, rAjakumAra - madhya pradeza ke purAtattva kA saMdarbha grantha (bhopAla1974 I0) prAstAvika, pR0 63-70 /

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jainadharma kA prasAra karAyA gayA, jinameM se aneka jinAlaya Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN|' candela zAsakoM ke udAra evaM sahayogapUrNa nIti ke kAraNa hI ukta jinAlayoM kA nirmANa sambhava ho skaa| paramAra narezoM ke kAla meM bhI jaina dharma kI yatheSTha unnati huI / unakI rAjadhAnI dhArA nagarI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa vidyAkendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rhii| bhoja jaise mahAn vidyApremI samrATa aura usake kavi maMDala ne apanI racanAoM dvArA sampUrNa bhArata meM khyAti prApta kara lI thii| jaina vAGgamaya aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se isa nagarI kA atyadhika mahattva hai| dasavIM zatI se caudahavIM zatI taka aneka mAnya jainAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne isa nagarI meM nivAsa kiyaa| isa avadhi meM inake dvArA vipUla parimANa meM sAhitya kA sRjana huaa| yaha tathya yahAM race gaye granthoM kI prazastiyoM evaM unake Antara ullekhoM se jJAta hotI hai| paramAra nareza muJja (I0 san 972-995) ne amitagati, mahAsena, dhanezvara aura dhanapAla nAmaka jainAcAryoM ko apane darabAra meM saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA thaa| bhoja (I0san 1000-1050) ke darabAra meM aneka jainAcAryoM ne saMrakSaNa prApta kiyaa| prasiddha digambara jainAcArya prabhAcaMdra ko bhoja ne sammAnita kiyA thA / dhArA nagarI meM kaI jinAlaya vidyamAna the jinameM do vizeSa mahattva ke rahe, prathama-pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, jahAM devasena ne vi0 saM0 990I0 san 933 meM darzanasAra kI racanA kI aura dvitIya-jinavaravihAra jahAM nayanandI ne vi0 saM0. 1100I0 san 1043 meM sudarzanacarita kI racanA kii|" gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatI meM uttara bhArata ke adhikAMza kSetroM para cAhamAnoM aura gahar3avAloM kA zAsana rhaa| zAkambharI ke cAhamAna nareza, jinhoMne 10vIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM vizeSa khyAti prApta kI, sAhitya, vizeSakara kalA aura sthApatya ke 1. zarmA, rAjakumAra--pUrvokta, pR0 272-292 / 2. zAstrI, paramAnanda-'dhArA aura usake jaina sArasvata' gurugopAladAsa baraiyAsmatigrantha ( sAgara-1967 I0) pa0 543-552 3. bhATiyA, pratipAla-da paramArsa (naI dillI-1970 I0) pR0 265 / 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 167 / 5. vahI, pa0 444 //

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana AzrayadAtA ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rahe / yadyapi ye brAhmaNIya dharmAnuyAyI the, parantu dhArmika sahiSNutA kI gauravapUrNa nIti kA pAlana karate hue inhoMne jena zramaNoM kA sadaiva sammAna kiyA evaM aneka jaina upAsakoM ko binA kisI bheda-bhAva ke rAjya ke mahattvapUrNa padoM para niyukta kiyA / maladhAragacchIya AcArya hemacandrasUri ke ziSya candrasUri dvArA racita munisuvratasvAmIcarita ( racanAkAla vi0saM0 1193 / I0 san 113637) kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki pRthvIrAja ( prathama ) ne raNathambhaura ke jina mandira para svarNakalaza car3hAyA thA / usake putra ajayarAja (I0 san 1105-1130) ne apanI naI rAjadhAnI ajamera meM aneka sundara-sundara jinAlayoM ke nirmANa meM apanA sahayoga diyA / ajayarAja ke pazcAta usakA putra arNorAja ( I0 san 1130-1150 ) gaddI para baiThA / dharmaghoSagacchIya pRthvIcandrasUri dvArA racita kalpasUtra Tippana (paryuSaNakalpaTippana) kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjagacchIya AcArya dharmaghoSasUri ne zAkambharI ke cAhamAna nareza ko pratibodhita kiyA thA / isa prazasti se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki dharmaghoSasUri ne digambara vidvAn guNacandra ko arNorAja ke rAja darabAra meM zAstrArtha parAjita kiyA thA / isa vaMza ke anya zAsakoM ne bhI jaina matAvalambiyoM ke prati sahiSNutA kI nIti kA pAlana kiyA / 1. puhaIrAeNa sayaMbharIna rideNa jassa leheNa / raNakhaMbhaura jiNahare caDAviyA kayaNakalasA ||4|| DiskripTiva kaiTalAga oNpha mainyuskRpTsa ina da jaina bhaMDArsa aiTa pATana (saMpA0 cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla) pR0 316 / SaTtakabhojabodhanadinezaH / 2. abhavad vAdimadahara zrIdharmaghoSa sUrirbodhitazAkaMbharIbhUpaH ||2|| 39 vahI, pR0 37 3. vAdicaMdraguNacaM dravijetA vigraha kSitipabodhavidhAtA / dharmasUririti nAma purAsIt vizvavizvavidito munirAjaH // 16 // vahI, pR0 36 / 4. jaina, kailAzacandra - jainijma ina rAjasthAna (zolApura, 1963 I0 ) pR0 19-23

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Y . jainadharma kA prasAra __ nADola ke cAhamAnoM ne bhI jainadharma ko atyadhika protsAhana diyaa| isa vaMza ke zAsakoM ne apane rAjya meM kucha vizeSa avasaroM para pazuvadha para bhI roka lagA diyA thaa| rAjya kI ora se jinAlayoM ko prAyaH bhUmi dAna meM prApta hotI rhii| brAhmaNIya dharmAnurAgI hote hue bhI ina zAsakoM ne jinAlayoM evaM jainAcAryoM kA sadaiva sammAna kiyaa| gahar3avAla nareza bhI yadyapi brAhmaNIya dharmAnuyAyI the, parantu unake samaya meM bhI jaina dharma ko koI kSati nahIM uThanI pdd'ii| kauzAmbI, matharA, zrAvastI tathA anya sthAnoM se prApta tIrthaMkara pratimAoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki isa vaMza ke zAsana kAla meM bhI jaina dharma bhalIbhAMti vikasita dazA meM vidyamAna rhaa| gvAliyara aura dUbakuNDa ke kachavAhoM tathA tripurI ke haihayoM ke zAsana kAla meM bhI jaina dharma vidyamAna rahA. yaha bAta inake kSetroM se prApta tIrthaGkaroM tathA jaina zAsana deviyoM kI pratimAoM se siddha hotA ___isI prakAra kalcurI nareza bhI brAhmaNIya dharmAvalambI the, parantu jaina dharma ko unhoMne koI kSati nahIM phuNcaayii| isa vaMza ke dAnazAsanoM meM yadyapi jainoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai tathApi AraMga, sirapura, mallAra, dhanapura, ratnapura, padmapura Adi sthAnoM se; jo inake sAmrAjya ke antargata sthita the, bar3I saMkhyA meM madhyayugIna jaina pratimAyeM milI haiM, ataH yaha nizcita hai ki inake sAmrAjya meM bhI jaina dharma bhalI-bhAMti phUlatA-phalatA rhaa| uparokta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma rAjakIya saMrakSaNa ke abhAva meM bhI eka lambe samaya taka jana sAmAnya 1. jaina, kailAzacandra-pUrvokta, 10 22 2. ghoSa, amalAnanda- jaina kalA evaM sthApatya, khaMDa 2, pa0242-243 3. zarmA, rAjakumAra-pUrvokta, pR0 100-101 / 4. mirAzI, vAsudeva viSNu-kalcurI nareza aura unakA rAjatvakAla, pR. 94 / evaM zarmA, rAjakumAra-pUrvokta, pR0 80.94 /

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-jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 41 vizeSakara vyApArI varga meM lokapriya rahA aura jainoM ko apane dhArmika kriyAkalApoM meM pUrNa svataMtratA prApta thI / samaya-samaya para jinAlayoM evaM jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa Adi meM unheM rAjakIya sahayoga bhI prApta hotA rahA / I0 san kI bArahavIM zatI ke antima dazaka meM uttara bhArata ke eka bar3e bhAga para muslima zAsana Arambha ho jAne para yahA~ kI pUrvavartI jIvanapaddhati, paramparAyeM, saundarya-dRSTikoNa tathA kalAtmaka mUlyoM kI upekSA huI aura eka naI saMskRti ke mApadaNDa tathA kalA ke eka naye kSetra kA vikAsa huA; jisake anurUpa hinduoM evaM jainoM ne svayaM ko DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyaa| muslima zAsana kAla ke prathama caraNa meM deza meM janasAdhAraNa kA sAMskRtika jIvana asta-vyasta rahA / isa yuga meM bhramaNazIla muni hI vaicArika AdAna-pradAna ke mAdhyama the / parantu yaha viSama sthiti adhika samaya taka na rahI aura zAsaka tathA zAsita varga ke madhya paraspara sadbhAva sthApita huA jisase uttara bhArata ke 'vibhinna bhAgoM vizeSakara gujarAta, rAjasthAna tathA madhyapradeza ke kucha kSetroM meM aneka sundara-sundara jinAlayoM kA nirmANa saMbhava huA / ' dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma ke praveza ke sambandha meM adhikAMza vidvAnoM kI prAyaH yahI dhAraNA hai ki magadha meM 12 varSIya duSkAla par3ane para AcArya bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM jaina bhikSuoM kA eka dala, jinameM maurya samrAT candragupta bhI the, dakSiNa bhArata kI ora prasthAna kiyA aura zravaNabelagolA pahu~cA / vahIM se jaina dharma dakSiNa bhArata ke anya bhAgoM meM phailA / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra dakSiNa bhArata meM to jaina dharma bhadrabAhu ke vahAM jAne ke pUrva bhI vidyamAna thA aura bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM zramaNoM ne vahAM jaina dharma ke prasAra meM eka naI sphUrti lA dI / jo bhI ho yaha to nizcita hai ki IsA pUrva kI tIsarI zatI meM jaina dharma dakSiNa bhArata meM vidyamAna thA 1. vistAra ke liye draSTavya - ghoSa, amalAnanda -- pUrvokta, khaMDa 2, pR0 241 aura Age / - 2. rAva, bI0 zeSagiri - sTaDIja ina sAutha iMDiyana jainijma, bhAga-2 ( punarmudraNa, dillI 1988 I0 ) pR0 3 /

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42 jainadharma kA prasAra aura lagabhaga Der3ha hajAra se bhI adhika varSoM taka ( I0 san kI 14vIM zatI taka ) dakSiNa bhArata ke itihAsa meM eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA' nibhAtA rhaa|' jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, maurya samrAT samprati ne Andhra, draviNa, mahArASTra Adi prAntoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| mauryoM ke pazcAt dakSiNa bhArata meM sAtavAhana unake uttarAdhikArI hue| uttarakAlIna jaina paramparA meM sAtavAhanoM para bhI jaina prabhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|2 gaMga rAjavaMza kI nIMva prasiddha jaina AcArya siMhanandi ke sahayoga se hI DAlI jA sakI thii| isa rAjavaMza ke sabhI zAsaka jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| kadamba rAjavaMza ke nareza yadyapi brAhmaNIya dharmAvalambI the, parantu isa vaMza ke kucha zAsaka jaina dharma ke prati atyanta zraddhA rakhate the, jisase unake sAmrAjya meM jaina dharma kA pracAra huA aura vahAM yaha dharma lokapriyatA prApta kara skaa| vAdAmI ke cAlukyoM ke zAsana kAla meM jaina dharma ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta rhaa|5 isa rAjavaMza ke kaI rAjAoM jinameM pulakezina dvitIya ( I0 san 609-642 ) bhI thA, ne jainAcAryoM ko prazraya diyaa| rASTrakaToM kA zAsana kAla jainadharma ke dakSiNa bhArata meM prasAra ke itihAsa kA svarNayuga kahA jAtA hai| isa vaMza ke kaI narezoM ne jaina dharma ko prazraya pradAna kiyaa| rASTra kaTa nareza amoghavarSa 'prathama' ( I0 san 814-878 ) to jaina dharma kA prabala samarthaka thaa|' rASTrakUToM ke sAmantoM ne bhI apane adhizAsakoM kI preraNA se jaina dharma ko 1. saMghave, vilAsa AdinAtha-jainakamyUniTI ( bambaI 1959 I0 ), pa0 381 / 2. deva, esa0 bI0-pUrvokta pR0 98 / 3. caudharI gulAbacaMda-janazilAlekhasaMgraha bhAga-3 (bambaI-1957 I.) pR0 75 aura Age / 4. vahI, pR0 81 aura Age / 5. vahI, pa0 85 aura Age / 6. vahI, pR0 86-87 / 7. vahI, pa0 94 aura Age / 8. vahI, pR0 97 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 43 protsAhana evaM saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa|' rASTrakaToM ke pazcAt dakSiNa bhArata meM pazcimI cAlukyoM kA adhipatya sthApita huaa| unhoMne bhI gaMga, kadamba, bAdAmI ke cAlakyoM aura rASTrakaToM kI bhAMti hI jaina dharma ke prati udAra nIti apanAyI / 2 jisa prakAra I0 san kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM gaMga rAjavaMza kI sthApanA eka jaina AcArya ke sahayoga se huI thI, usI prakAra se 11vIM zatI meM hoyasala aura kAkatIya rAjavaMzoM kI nIMva bhI jaina AcAryoM ke sahayoga se hI DAlI jA skii| dakSiNa ke anya choTe-choTe rAjavaMza-kalyANI ke kalcurI, punnATa ke prArambhika caugAlva aura kogAlva Adi ne bhI jaina dharma ko svIkAra kiyA thaa| isI prakAra belagAma aura sundantI ke raTTa aura kolhApura ke zilAhAra bhI jaina dharmAvalambI mAne jAte haiN|" jahAM taka sudUra dakSiNa kA prazna hai, prAcIna tamila sAhitya ( saMgama sAhitya ) jaina siddhAntoM aura vicAroM ke anukUla hI likhA gayA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se pallavakAlIna mAne jAne vAle granthoM yathA 'zillappadikAram' Adi para bhI jaina dharma kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| ____jahAM taka pallavoM kA prazna hai, ve brAhmaNIya dharmAvalambI the, parantu hamAre pAsa aise bhI udAharaNa haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki inake zAsanakAla meM bhI jaina dharma unnata dazA meM vidyamAna rahA / digambara jainAcArya vajranandi dvArA vi0 saM0 526 meM dakSiNa mathurA (madurA) nagarI meM draviNa saMgha kI sthApanA kI gyii| pallava nareza siMhavarmA (I0 san 550-575) ke zAsana kAla ke 22veM varSa meM siMhanandi. 1. saMghave, pUrvokta pR0 382 / 2. vhii| 3. caudharI, gulAbacaMda-pUrvokta, pa0 99-101 / 4. draSTavya-isI grantha ke anrtagata-"AmarakuNDapadmAvatIdevIkalpa." 5. saMghave-pUrvokta, pR0 382-83 / 6. pravacasAra-prastAvanA, pR0 21 /

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44 jainadharma kA prasAra ne lokavibhAga kI racanA kii| prArambhika pAMDya zAsakoM ne bhI jaina dharma ko sahayoga pradAna kiyA thA / kAMcI aura madurA jaina dharma ke 'pramukha kendra the| tathApi kucha udAharaNoM ko chor3akara paravartI pallava aura pAMDya narezoM ne zaiva dharma ke prabhAva meM Akara jaina dharma ke prati dveSapUrNa nIti apanAyA / 3 cola rAjavaMza ke zAsakoM ne bhI jaina samAja aura dharma ke prati apanI zraddhA vyakta kii| cola nareza rAjarAja-prathama / I0 san 985-1014 ) kI bar3I bahana ne rAjya ke "vibhinna bhAgoM meM aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA aura isa prakAra jaima dharma kI ujjvala kIrti ko vistRta karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| tathApi pallava, pAMDya aura cola rAjavazoM para jaina dharma apanA pUrNaprabhAva kAyama karane meM kabhI bhI saphala na ho sakA / anantapura, bellArI, gunTura, kRSNA, karnUla, nellora, uttarI ArkATa, dakSiNa kanArA aura vizAkhApattanam Adi sthAnoM se jaina abhilekha prApta hue haiN|6 inase spaSTa hotA hai ki sampUrNa dakSiNa bhAratavarSa meM lagabhaga eka hajAra se adhika varSoM taka digambara jaina dharma kA bar3A prabhAva rahA aura zravaNabelagolA unakI gatividhiyoM kA eka pramukha kendra thaa| vaiSNava aura zaiva dharmoM ke bar3hate hae prabhAva se dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma ko bar3I kSati uThAnI par3I tathA ina pradezoM meM rahane vAle kucha jaina dharmAvalambI to dUsare sthAnoM para cale gaye aura kucha ne zaiva aura vaiSNava dharma svIkAra kara liyaa| I0 san kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya vijayanagara sAmrAjya kI sthApanA ke samaya jaina dharma tamila, telugU aura karNATaka meM apane pUrva sthAna se cyuta ho cukA thaa| jaina dharma ke liye yaha mahAn saMkaTa kA samaya thA / aise samaya meM vijayanagara ne jaina dharma ke saMrakSaka 1. desAI, pI0bI0-jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA (zolApura, 1957 I0) pa0 48-49 / 2. vahI, pR0 33, 55 / 3. deva, esa0 bI0-pUrvokta, pa0 130-131 / 4. desAI-pUvoMkta, pa0 78 / 5. vahI 6. saMghave-pUrvokta, pR0 383 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana ke rUpa meM kArya kiyA aura Ane vAlI zatAbdiyoM meM usakI lokapriyatA ko banAye rakhane meM atulanIya yogadAna diyaa| vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke zAsaka yadyapi brAhmaNIya dharmopAsaka the, parantu jaina dharma ko bhI unhoMne paryApta prazraya diyaa| isa vaMza ke nareza bukkArAya, devarAya 'prathama', usakI rAnI bhImAdevI, jisane zravaNabelagolA ke eka vasati ke liye bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI pratimA kA nirmANa karAyA thA, devarAja 'dvitIya' Adi jaina dharma ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiN|' devarAja 'dvitIya' ne I0 san 1424 meM varAGga ke neminAthavasati ko eka grAma dAna meM diyaa| isake atirikta I0 san 1426 meM usane rAjadhAnI hampI meM bhI eka caityAlaya kA nirmANa kraayaa| kRSNadevarAya, (I0 san 1509-29) ke zAsanakAla kI yaha vizeSatA thI ki usa samaya sabhI dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha udAratA aura unako samAna rUpa se saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| I0 san 1516 aura I0 san 1519 meM usane vibhinna jaina vasatiyoM ko dAna diyaa| I0 san 1529 meM vellArI jile ke cippagiri sthita eka vasati ko dAna diyA gyaa| samrAT ke atirikta usake kucha adhikAriyoM ne bhI jaina dharma ko mahAn utkarSa pradAna kiyaa| isa sambandha meM eka dharmaniSTha jaina senApati irugappa (I0san 1384-1442) kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai jisane harihara 'dvitIya' aura devarAya 'dvitIya' ke adhIna apane sevAkAla meM sAmrAjya ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA, unheM udAra sahAyatA dI aura aneka jaina AcAryoM ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kara isa dharma kI niSThApUrvaka sevA kii| gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a meM jaina dharma jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, jaina dharma kA gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a se yatheSTha prAcIna kAla se hI sambandha rahA hai| jaina sAhityika 1. sAleTora-pUrvokta-pR0 301 / 2. vahI, pR0 302 / 3. vahI. 301 / 4. vahI, pR0 301 / 5. vahI, pa0 303-304 /

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jainadharma kA prasAra 'paramparAnusAra 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA urjantagiri para nirvANa huA thA / ' yadyapi yaha usa samaya kI gar3hI huI kalpanA bhI ho sakatI hai jaba jainadharma isa kSetra meM sthApita ho cukA thaa| jahAM taka aitihAsika yuga kA prazna hai, vidvAnoM kI dhAraNA hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu kI dakSiNa yAtrA ke samaya hI yaha kSetra jaina dharma ke samparka meM AyA / 2 kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra maurya samrAT samprati ke bhAI zAlizuka ne yahAM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM Arya suhasti ke ziSya RSigupta dvArA saMgaThita saurASTrikA zAkhA kA ullekha milatA hai| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki IsA pUrva kI tIsarI zatI taka yaha kSetra jaina dharma ke prabhAva meM A cukA thaa| IsavI pUrva kI dUsarI zatI meM pazcimI bhArata meM jaina dharma kI lokapriyatA ke pramANa-svarUpa mahArASTra ke pUnA jile ke pAla nAmaka sthAna se prApta eka abhilekha kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai|" 1. (i) araha' ariTunemI ujjataselasihare mAsieNaM bhatteNaM apANaeNaM paMcahi chattIsehiM aNagArasa ehi saddhi kAlagae siddha buddhe mutte aMtagaDe parinivvuDe savvadukkhappahoNe // jJAtRdharmakathA (saMpA0 madhukara muni, vyAvara, 1981ii0)16|224 (ii) teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM arihA arinemI....... ...ujjitaselasiharaMsi paMcahiM chattIsehiM aNagArasaehiM saddhi mAsieNaM bhatteNaM apANaeNaM cittAhiM nakkhatteNaM jogamavAgaeNaM puvvarattAvarattakAlasamayaMsi nesajjie kAlagae jAva savvadukkhappahINe / kalpasUtra [saMpAdaka-devendra muni zAstrI, gujarAtI byAkhyA sahita, bambaI, 1972 I0] 168; isa sambandha meM vistAra ke draSTavyamehatA, mohanalAla evaM candra, ke0 Ara0-saMpA0 prAkRtaprAparanemsa bhAga 1, pR0 61 evaM joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-tIrthavandanasaMgraha pR0 122 2. deva, esa0 bo0-hisTrI oNpha jaina monAkijma pR0 110 3. vahI, pR0 98 4. kalpasUtra 215 5. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-saMpA0-jainazilAlekhasaMgraha bhAga-5, lekhAGka 1; ghoSa, e.--jaina kalA aura sthApatya khaNDa 1, pR0 92 pAda TipaNIsaMkhyA 1

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana yaha abhilekha paramparAgata jaina vAkya ' Namo arihaMtANaM' se prArambha hotA hai / lekha meM indrarakSita nAmaka eka sAdhu dvArA jalAzaya ke nirmANa karAne kA ullekha hai / indrarakSita ke gaNa, kula aura zAkhA kA koI ullekha prApta nahI hotA / jaisA ki pahale hama dekha cuke haiM 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA sambandha ujjayantagiri se hai / unake jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hameM jaina Agama grantha jJAtRdharmakathA meM prApta hotA hai / yaha graMtha IsA pUrva kI zatAbdiyoM meM racA mAnA jAtA hai| jaisA ki Adhunika yuga ke adhikAMza vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki antima do tIrthaGkara-pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra hI aitihAsika mahApuruSa the, zeSa sabhI kAlpanika | parantu yaha vicAraNIya hai ki zeSa 22 tIrthaGkaroM kI kalpanA bhI mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke prAyaH turanta bAda hI utpanna huI hogI / neminAtha ko 22 veM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM sthAna dene meM jainoM ne atyanta buddhimattA- pUrvaka kAma liyA / unhoMne samakAlIna brAhmaNIya (vaiSNava ) paramparA, jo usa samaya pazcimI bhArata meM kRSNa-vasudeva ke sambandha meM pracalita rahI, unase neminAtha kA samakAlika sambandha jor3akara unheM 22 veM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara liyA / 47 0 san kI prathama zatAbdI meM bhI isa kSetra meM jaina dharma bhalIbhAMti phUlatA - phalatA rahA / SaTkhaNDAgama ke TIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra vIra nirvANa se 683 varSa pazcAt zrutajJAnI AcAryoM kI avicchinna paramparA meM dharasenAcArya hue| ve girinagara ( vartamAna giranAra ) kI candraguhA meM rahate the| vahIM unhoMne puSpadanta aura bhUtabali nAmaka ziSyoM ko bulAkara zrutajJAna se paricita karAyA, jisake AdhAra para unhoMne draviNa deza meM jAkara khaTkhaNDAgama kI sUtra rUpa meM racanA kI / ' jUnAgar3ha ke samIpa prAcIna jaina guphAoM kA patA calA hai, jo Aja bAbApyArAmaTha' ke nAma se prasiddha hai / inameM se eka guphA se eka khaNDita zilAlekha milA hai, jo kSatrapavaMzIya rAjA jayadAmana 1. (i) zAstrI, kailAzacandra - jaina sAhityakAitihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 5-7 (ii) zAstrI, bAlacandradra- SaTkhaNDAgama-parizIlana ( naI dillI 1978 I0) pR0 2-3 2. ghoSa, e0 - jaina kalA aura sthApatya, khaNDa 1, pR0 93-94

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jainadharma kA prasAra ke pautra rudrasiMha dvArA utkIrNa karAyA gayA hai / isameM jaina pAribhASika zabda jarAmaraNa, kevalajJAna Adi kA ullekha hai / " guphA meM bhadrAsana, mInayugala, svAstika Adi aSTamaGgaloM kA bhI aMkana hai / DhaMka nAmaka sthAna para bhI isI kAla kI guphAoM kA patA calA hai / ina guphAoM se AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAyeM milI haiM, jo I0 san kI prathama zatAbdI kI haiM / isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki I0 san kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM isa kSetra meM jaina dharma lokapriya ho cukA thA / 48 4 guptayuga meM bhI yaha kSetra jaina dharma ke pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM prati: SThita rahA, isakA sabase puSTa pramANa hai valabhI nagarI meM vIra nirvANa ke 980 yA 993 varSa pazcAt jaina AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karane ke liye eka saMgIti kA Ayojana; jo valabhIvAcanA ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / paramparAnusAra yaha vAcanA valabhI ke rAjA dhruvasena ke kAla meM huI / parantu yaha kathana bhrAmaka hai| maitrakoM kA prazna hai, ve brAhmaNIya aura bauddha 5 jahAM taka valabhI ke dharmopAsaka the, parantu ...1 1. ktR raga kSatrapa svAmi ) caSTanasya pra ( po ) trasya rAjJaH kSatrapasya svAmijayadAmapotrasya - rAjJo mahAkSa 2 (ca) trazuklapakSasya divase paJcame . ( 5 ) iha girinagare devAsuranAgayakSarAkSasendri ...3 1 * praka (?) miva pa kevalajJAnasaM prAptAnAM jitajarAmaraNAnaM ( ? ) ...4 varjesa, jemsa - eNTikviTIja oNpha kAThiyAvAr3a eNDa kaccha ( naI dillI 1971 I0) pR0 139-41 2. vahI 3. vahI, pR0 150 - 152 4. dharmasAgara - kalpasUtrakiraNAvalI (jaina AtmAnandasabhA, bhAvanagara I0 san 1922) pR0 129-32 vinayavijaya - kalpasUtra sukhabodhATIkA [hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1939 I0 pR0 125-26 5. vahI 6. draSTavya -- prastuta grantha ke antargata 'valabhI' /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 1 unhoMne jaina dharma ko kabhI koI kSati nahIM pahuMcAyI / valabhI meM Agama granthoM ke saMkalana se yaha to spaSTa hotA hI hai ki usa nagarI meM aneka jinAlaya aura upAzraya vidyamAna rahe hoMge / I0 san 609 ke AsapAsa AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne valabhI ke eka jinAlaya meM 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' kI racanA kI / 2 zatruJjaya aura giranAra to isa samaya prasiddha jaina tIrtha the hI, isake sAtha-sAtha aneka choTe-choTe tIrtha bhI astitva meM Aye, jaise stambhanaka ( dhAmaNA ), bhRgukaccha, mor3herA, vaDhavANa, tAraNa (tAraGgA), siMhapura ( sihora ), dvAravatI (dvArakA), zaMkhapura ( zaMkhezvara ), stambhatIrtha ( khaMbhAta ), kheTaka, ( kher3A ), vAyaDa Adi / jaina prabandha granthoM ke anusAra valabhI ke nagaradevatA dvArA nikaTa bhaviSya meM nagarI ke bhaMga hone kI sUcanA pAkara vahAM kA jaina sagha mor3herA calA gayA tathA bahAM ke jinAlayoM kI pratimAyeM vibhinna tIrthasthAnoM meM surakSA ke liye bheja dI gayIM / sAtavIM zatI ke do gurjara narezoM jayabhaTTa 'prathama' ( I0 san 610620 ) aura dadda 'dvitIya' ( I0 san 620 645 ) ke dAnapatroM meM unake vItarAga aura prazAntarAga vizeSaNa pAye jAte haiM / * yadyapi ye nareza jaina dharmAvalambI nahIM the, parantu unhoMne ye upAdhiyAM jaina dharma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI dhAraNa kI hogI / " isa pradeza meM cApotkaTa vaMza ke saMsthApaka vanarAja ke jaina dharma ke sAtha sambandha aura usake vizeSa protsAhana ke pramANa milate haiM / jaina paramparAnusAra isa vaMza kI nIMva jaina AcArya zIlaguNasUri ke sahayoga se hI DAlI gayI thI / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, jinadAsagaNi mahattara, udyotanasUri, zIlaguNasUri, bappabhaTTisUri, samadarzI AcArya haribhadra Adi isa yuga ke mahAn jainA1. parIkha aura zAstrI - saMpA0 gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR0 250 2. vahI, pR0 250 - 252 3. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 251 4. majamUdAra, ema. Ara. - kronolaoNjI oNpha gujarAta [ bar3audA, 1960I.] pR0 161, 163 5. jaina, hIrAlAla - pUrvokta, pR0 42 6. parIkha aura zAstrI - pUrvokta, bhAga 4, pR0 369 49

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jainadharma kA prasAra cArya the|' isa yuga meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM meM ApasI vaimanasya ke bhI udAharaNa milate haiN| bappabhaTTisUri ne giranAra tIrtha ko digambaroM ke adhikAra se mukta kiyA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa kAla meM isa kSetra meM digambara jainoM kI pUrva kI apekSA saMkhyA adhika thii| baDhavANa unakA pramukha kendra thaa| digambara sAhitya kI prAcInatama saMskRta racanAyeM jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa ( I0 san 783 ) aura hariSeNakRta bRhatkathAkoSa ( I0 san 931-32) baDhavANa meM hI race gye| jinasena aura hariSeNa punnATasaMgha ke AcArya the| solaMkI yugameM to rAjAoM ke sAtha-sAtha mantriyoM, zreSThiyoM, vyApAriyoM Adi ne bhI jaina maMdiroMko bhUmidAna diyA tathA unake dvArA maMdiroM, caityoM, vasatiyoM-upAzrayoM Adi kA nirmANa evaM jIrNoddhAra karAyA gyaa| zrAvakoM dvArA bar3I saMkhyA meM jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa evaM saMgha ke sAtha tIrthoM kI yAtrAyeM kI gyiiN| solaMkI rAjA svayaM to zaivadharmAvalambI the, parantu unhoMne jaina dharma ke prati atyanta zraddhAbhAva pradarzita kiyA aura jaina AcAryoM kA apane darabAra meM bahuta satkAra kiyaa| aise bhI udAharaNa milate haiM ki jaina AcAryoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI rAjakula ke kaI sadasyoM ne jaina muni kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| caulukya nareza mUlarAja 'prathama' (I0 san 941-996) ke vi0 1. belAnI, phatehacanda-jainagrantha aura granthakAra [vArANasI 1952 I.] pR0 49 aura Age 2.. bappaTTisUricaritam --prabhAvakacarita [saM0-munijinavijaya, kalakattA, 1940 I0] pR0 80.111 3. parIkha aura zAstrI, pUrvokta, bhAga 3, pR0 252 4. draSTavya-harivaMzapurANa [saM0-pannAlAla jaina, sAhityAcArya, vArANasI 1962 I0] kI prazasti 5. bRhatkathAkoza [saM0 -AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, bambaI-1943 I0] kI prazasti 6. parIkha aura zAstrI-pUrvokta, bhAga, 4, pR0 369 7 vahI, pR0 370

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana saM0 1033/I0 san 976 ke varuNasaramaka dAnapatra se jJAta hotA hai ki yuvarAja cAmuNDarAja ne varuNasaramaka ke jinAlaya ko bhUmi dAna diyaa|' varuNasaramaka ko mehasaNA jile meM sthita vartamAna vaDasama se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| cAmuNDarAja ke putra durlabharAja ( I0 san 1009-1024) para bhI jaina dharma kA bar3A prabhAva thaa| kharataragacchapaTTAvalI ke anusAra isI rAjA ke darabAra meM caityavAsiyoM aura suvihitamArgI muniyoM meM zAstrArtha huA, jisameM caityavAsiyoM kI parAjaya huI aura unakA mahattva ghaTane lgaa| suvihitamArgI muniyoM kI ora se vardhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ne zAstrArtha meM bhAga liyA thaa| varddhamAnasUri ne I0 san 1031 meM AbU para daNDanAyaka vimala dvArA nirmita neminAtha jinAlaya meM mUrtipratiSThA kii| isake kucha samaya pazcAt unhoMne sallekhanA vrata svIkAra kara isa nazvara zarIra ko tyAga diyaa|" isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki 11 vIM zatI meM isa kSetra meM jaina dharma atyanta lokapriya thA jisake kAraNa hI AbU para vimalavasahI jaise kalA kI dRSTi se sarvotkRSTa jinAlaya kA nirmANa sambhava ho skaa| caulukya nareza bhIma 'prathama' ( I0 san 1024-64 ) ne govindasari, sarAcArya, vAdivetAla zAMtisUri, mahendrasUri Adi kaI prasiddha jainAcAryoM kA sammAna kiyA thaa| jayasiMha siddharAja ( I0 san 1094-1142) 1. munijinavijaya-'cAmuNDarAja caulukya- saM0 1033 nuM 'tAmrapatra' bhAratIyavidyA varSa 1, aMka 1 [bambaI, navambara 1939 I0] pR0 73-100 2. majumadAra, e0 ke0-caulukyAja oNpha gujarAta [bambaI, 1956 I0] pR. 310 3. kharatagacchabRhadgurvAvalI-saMpA0 munijinavijaya [bambaI 1956 I0] pR0 3-4 4. nAhaTA, agaracanda 'vimalavasahI ke saMsthApakoM meM vardhamAnasUri bhI the' jainasatyaprakAza, varSa 5, aMka 5-6, pR0 212-214 5. kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvalI, pR0 5 gAMdhI, lAlacanda bhagavAna-aitihAsikajanalekho [bar3audA 1963 I0] pR0 227

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52 jainadharma kA prasAra ke samaya to zvetAmbaroM ke siddhAnta gurjaradharA meM jaina dharma ke sarvamAnya siddhAnta bana gaye / siddharAja ke darabAra meM hI zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM meM zAstrArtha haa| digambaroM kI ora se karNATa deza ke kumudacandra tathA zvetAmbaroM kI ora se AcArya vAdidevasUri ne bhAga liyaa|' isa zAstrArtha meM digambaroM kI hAra huI aura gurjarabhUmi se unakA prabhAva samApta ho gyaa|2 jayasiMha siddharAja ko aneka jinAlayoM ke nirmANa karAne kA bhI zreya prApta hai| aisA bhI ullekha milatA hai ki hemacandra ke anurodha para rAjA ne urjayantagiri para neminAtha kI pUjA kI aura putra ke liye kAmanA kii| uttaravartI jaina paramparAnusAra isa avasara para hemacandra bhI upasthita the aura yaha bAta asambhava nahIM pratIta hotii| ____ jayasiMha siddharAja ke pazcAt kumArapAla [ I0 san 11431172 ] gurjaradeza kA zAsaka bnaa| kumArapAla jaina dharma kA mahAn poSaka thA aura usI ke prayAsa ke phalasvarUpa hI gurjaradeza sadaiva ke liye jainadharma ke eka pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho skaa| isa mahAna kArya ke liye hemacandrAcArya, jo usa yuga ke sarvazreSTha vidvAna the, ko hI zreya diyA jAtA hai| hemacandra kA kumArapAla para yaha prabhAva bahuta kucha AcArya ke vyaktigata caritra para AdhArita thA kyoMki unake jIvana meM dhArmika saMkIrNatA to lezamAtra bhI na thii| kumArapAla ke samaya meM jaina dharma rAjadharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita thaa|" aisA kahA jAtA hai ki siMhAsanArohaNa ke pUrva vaha zaivadharmopAsaka thA aura devapattana meM usane eka kASThanirmita zivAlaya kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thaa|6 hemacandrAcArya ke samparka meM jAne para kumArapAla ne jaina 1. prabhAvakacarita-vAdidevasUricaritam pR0 174 / / 2. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda-janasAhityano saMkSiptaitihAsa [bambaI 1933 I0] pR0 253-255 3. gAMdhI, lAlacanda bhagavAna pUrvokta, pR0 66 aura Age 4. vahI 5. parIkha aura zAstrI-pUrvokta, bhAga 4-solaMkI kAla, pR0 370-711 6. majumadAra, e0 ke0-pUrvokta, pR0 314 aura Age

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana dharma svIkAra kara liyaa| jayasiMha siddharAja ke pazcAt caulukya siMhAsana prApta karane meM use jainoM se bhI bar3A sahayoga milaa| rAjyArohaNa ke pazcAt kumArapAla ne na kevala jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA, balki apane sampUrNa sAmrAjya meM varSa ke vizeSa dinoM meM pazavadha para roka lagA diyaa| usake sAmantoM ne bhI apane-apane kSetroM meM ina niyamoM ko lAgU kiyaa| usI kA pariNAma hai ki gujarAta kI eka bar3I janasaMkhyA Aja bhI zAkAhArI hai|' yadyapi solaMkI rAjAoM ne zaiva dharma ko rAjadharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA thA, parantu kumArapAla ne jaina dharma svIkAra karate hae bhI zavadharma ke prati koI vidveSa nahIM rakhA / kumArapAla ke pazcAt ajayapAla gaddI para baiThA / vaha jainoM kA virodhI thA usane kumArapAla dvArA nirmita aneka sundara-sundara jinAlayoM ko naSTa karA diyaa| caulukyoM ke pazcAt baghela gurjaradeza ke bhAgyavidhAtA bane / unake samaya meM bhI jaina dharma atyanta unnata avasthA meM thaa| caulukyoM ke sAmanta baghela nareza vIradhavala (I0 san 13 vIM zatI kA dvitIya caraNa ) kA mantrI vastupAla aura usakA laghubhrAtA tejapAla jaina dharma ke mahAn AzrayadAtA ke rUpa meM vikhyAta the| unhoMne zatrujaya, giranAra, AbU tathA aneka jaina tIrthoM para nUtana jinAlayoM kA nirmANa evaM prAcIna jinAlayoM evaM upAzrayoM kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| isI samaya talAjA, AmaraNa (prAcIna amburiNI, jilA jAmanagara-saurASTra ) aura khaMbhAta Adi tIrthoM para bhI naye-naye jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| vastupAla-tejapAla ne na kevala jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA balki aneka jaina AcAryoM ko apane yahAM prazraya bhI diyA jiname somezvara, harihara, nAnaka, yazovIra, subhaTa, arisiMha, amara1. majumadAra, e0 ke0 -pUrvokta, pa0 315-6 2. prabandhacintAmaNi-[saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, zAMtiniketana, 1933I0] pR0 96 3. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla jayasiMha-mahAmAtyavastupAla kA sAhityamaMDala aura saMskRtasAhitya meM usakI dena vArANasI 1959 I0] pR0 48 aura Age 4. vahI

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54 jainadharma kA prasAra candrasUri, vijayasenasUri, udayaprabhasUri, naracandrasUri, narendraprabhasUri, bAlacandra, jayasiMhasUri, mANikyacandrasUri, madana, harihara, pAlhaNaputra Adi pramukha the|' vastupAla-tejapAla ke avasAna ke pazcAt kaccha ke vaNik jagaDUzAha ne bhI jaina dharma ko unhIM ke samAna prazraya diyaa| isane aneka jaina tIrtha kSetroM meM jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA / 2 jagaDUzAha kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi thI-vi0 saM0 1313-15/I0san 1255-58 meM dubhikSa ke samaya anAja kA niHzulka vitaraNa / usane na kevala sarva sAdhAraNa ko anAja vitarita kiyA balki tatkAlIna zAsakoM ne bhI usase anAja liyaa| jainAcArya paramadevasari unake guru the| tapA. gacchIya sarvAnandasUri viracita jagaDUcaritamahAkAvya meM isa zreSThI ke satkRtyoM kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| pethaDazAha isa yuga ke dUsare mahAn jaina zreSThi the|5 inake pitA kA nAma 'dezala' thA jo avantideza sthiti nandUrIpura nAmaka sthAna ke nivAsI the| vahAM ke rAjA ke durvyavahAra se asantuSTa hokara dezalazAha bIjApura gaye aura phira vahAM se khaMbhAta Aye aura vahIM sthAyI rUpa se 1. sAMDesarA, pUrvokta pR. 60-116 2. sthAne sthAne dhvajAropaM, cakAra jinavezmasu / jahAra janatAdausthyaM, jagaDUjagatItale / / asaGkhyasaGghalokena, samaM yAtrAM vidhAya saH / zatruJjaye raivatake, prAya cAtmapuraM varam / / vimalAcala zRGage sa, zrInAbheyapavitrite / saptava devakulikA racayAmAsivAn zubhAH / / jagaDUcaritamahAkAvya 6/40, 41, 55 3. itazca pUrNimApakSodyotikArI mahAmatiH / zrImAnparamadevAkhyaH sUri ti taponidhi : // vahI, 61 4. saMpA0 vijayajinendrasUri, prakAzaka-zrIharSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, __lAkhAbAvala, zAMtipurI, saurASTra, 1982 I. 5. gAMdhI, lAlacanda bhagavAna-pUrvokta, pR. 514 aura Age

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55 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana basa gaye / pethar3a ke guru tapAgacchIya dharmaghoSasUri the', unake nirdeza para pethar3azAha mAMDavadUrga AyA aura yahIM sthAyI rUpa se rahane lgaa| dharmaghoSasUri ke nirdeza para isane saMgha ke sAtha zatrujaya, giranAra Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA kii| pethaDa kA putra jhAMjhaNa bhI apane pitA ke samAna hI eka viziSTa dharmAnurAgI thaa| isane bhI saMgha ke sAtha zatrujaya, giranAra Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI tathA mArga meM par3ane vAle tIrthoM yathAbAlApura, citrakUTa, abudagiri, candrAvatI, prahalAdanapura (pAlanapura), aNahilavAr3a, tAraGgA, karNAvatI Adi kI bhI yAtrA kii| ___ isa sandarbha meM isa yuga ke prasiddha jainAcAryoM kA bhI ullekha Avazyaka hai| jagacandrasUri tapAgaccha ke prathama AcArya the unake vijayacaMdra aura devacandra nAmaka do pramukha ziSya the / vijayacandra pahale vastupAla ke lipika the aura unhIM ke prayAsa se inheM AcArya pada prApta huaa|" devacandra aura vijayacandra meM kucha saiddhAntika matabheda thaa| vijayacandra lagAtAra kaI varSoM taka khaMbhAta meM rahe, unake anuyAyI bar3e-bar3e upA1. gAMdhI, lAlacaMda bhagavAna-pUrvokta, pR0 456-57 2. vahI, vistAra ke liye draSTavya-munisundara sUriviracita gurvAvalI [yazovijayajanagranthamAlA, kAzI, vIra saMvat 2437] evaM dalAla, cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI-saMpA0 prAcInagUrjarakAvyasaMgraha, pari ziSTa- 'pethaDarAsa' pR0 154-159 3. vistAra ke liye draSTavya---- tapAgacchIya naMdiratnasUri ke ziSya ratnamaMDanagaNi kRta-- [a] upadezataraMgiNI [yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, granthAGka 20, ___vArANasI, vIra saMvat 2437] [ba] sukRtasAgarakAvya [jaina AtmAnaMda granthamAlA, granthAGka 40, bhAva nagara, vikrama saMvat 1971] 4. 'tapAgaccha paTTAvalI' (dharmasAgara) tripuTI mahArAja--saMpA0 paTTAvalIsamuccaya, bhAga-1, pR057 aura Age 5. vahI, pR0 58

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jainadharma kA prasAra zrayoM ( maThoM) meM rahate the|' devacandra ke anuyAyI bhramaNazIla the aura ve choTe-choTe upAzrayoM meM rahate the| devacandra eka vidvAn jainAcArya the, unhoMne 5 naye karmagranthoM, unakI TIkAoM evaM sudarzanacarita zrAvakadinakRtya, dharmaratnaTIkA Adi kI racanA kii| vi0 saM0 1302/I0 san 1246 meM sudharmAgacchIya sarvAnandasUri ne candraprabhavarita 3, vi0 saM0 1340 / I0san 1248 meM devabhadrasUri ke ziSya paramAnandasUri ne hitopadezamAlAvRtti, vi0 saM0 1305/ I0 san 1949 meM yazodeva ne prAkRta bhASA meM dharmopadezamAlA" kI racanA kii| vi0 saM0 1307 I0san 1251 meM vIraprabhasUri ke ziSya ajitaprabhasUri ne zAntinAthacarita kI racanA kI / 6 vi0 saM0 1307/I0san 1251 meM hI kharataragacchIya jinezvarasUri ke ziSya pUrNakalaza ne prAkRtadvayAzraya para TIkA likhii| vi0 saM0 1311 / I0 san 1255 meM kharataragacchIya jinezvarasUri ke ziSya lakSmItilaka ne pratyekabuddha nAmaka grantha rcaa| vi0saM0 1312 / I0san 1256 meM lakSmItilaka ke ziSya abhayatilaka ne hemasUri dvArA racita saMskRtadvayAzraya para TIkA likhii|' vi0 saM0 1312 / I0 saM0 1256 meM 1. tripuTI mahArAja--pUrvokta, bhAga, 1 pR0 58 2. vahI, pR0 59 3. jinaratnakoza, pR0 119 4. vahI, pR0 461 5. vahI, pR0 196-97 6. vahI, pR0 379 7. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda--pUrvokta, pR0 410 8. zrImatsUrijinezvaraprabha tibhiH sAhityasiMdhoH pivaiH, zrI dvivyAkaraNaH (?) sudhIbhiramalIcakre prayatnAcca tat / prekSAvatpravaraiH paraizca vimalIkArya vicAryA''darAd, rudrAgnIMdu 1311 zarattapasyavimalakAdazyahe'pUri ca // 33 // mani zrIpuNya vijaya saMpA.-kaiTalaoNga oNpha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskRipTsa--jaisalamerakalekzana [ahamadAbAda-1972 I. ] pR0 117-120 9. vahI, pR0 140-41

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana hI kharataragacchIya jinezvarasUri ke ziSya candratilakasUri ne abhayakumAracarita kI racanA kii|' tapagacchIya devendrasUri ke ziSya vidyAnandasUri ne vidyAnanda nAmaka eka vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kii| vi0 saM0 1302 meM muni dIkSA lene se pUrva inakA nAma vIradhavala thaa| inake pitA kA nAma jinacandra thA, jo ujjaina ke nivAsI the|2 vi0 saM0 1320 / I0 san 1264 meM jinezvarasUri ke ziSya prabodhacandragaNi ne saMdehadohAvalI para TIkA kI racanA kI / vi0 saM0 1322 / I0 san 1266 meM jinezvarasUri ke hI eka anya ziSya dharma tilaka ne ajitazAntilaghastava TIkA kI racanA kii|4 vi0saM0 1322 meM hI vaDagacchIya madanacandrasUri ke ziSya munidevasUri ne saMskRta bhASA meM 4855 zloka-pramANa zAMtinAthacarita kI racanA kii| inhoMne jayacandrasUri dvArA likhita dharmopadezamAlA para vRtti kI racanA kii| uparokta jaina granthakAroM ke alAvA siMhatilakasUri, naracandrasUri, pradyumnasUri, vinayacandrasUri, somacandrasUri, tapagacchIya dharmaghoSamUri, somaprabhasUri, kSemakIrtisUri, rAjagacchIyaprabhAcandrasUri, mallisenasUri Adi isa yuga ke pramukha jainAcArya the| yadyapi vi0 saM0 1354 / I0 san 1297 se gurjara deza muslima zAsana ke antargata A gayA, phira bhI jaina samudAya ne naye zAsakoM se sauhArdrapUrNa sambandha sthApita karate hue apanI sAmAjika aura dhArmika gatividhiyoM ko pUrvavat jArI rkhaa| vi0 saM0 1366 meM staMbhatIrtha 1. muni zrI puNya vijaya, pUrvokta, pR0 121 2. desAI, mohanalAla dalI canda--pUrvokta pR0 411 3. vahI, pR0 411 4. vahI, pR0 412 5. zAMtinAthacaritra ko prazasti, zloka 11 6. jinaratnakoza, pR0 196 7. belAnI, phatecanda-jaina grantha aura granthakAra, (vArANasI 1950 I.) pR0 31 aura Age

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jaina dharma kA prasAra (khambhAta) meM jesalazAha ne ajitanAtha jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA / vi0 saM0 1371 meM usane zatruJjayatIrthaM sthita jinAlayoM ko jo muslima AkramaNakAriyoM dvArA naSTaprAya kara diyA gayA thA, punarnirmita karAyA / 2 58 samarAzAha ne aneka tIrthoM para jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA tathA saMgha ke sAtha kaI bAra tIrtha yAtrA bhI kI / kakkasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1393 / I0 san 1338 meM racita nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabaMdha meM samarAzAha ke sukRtyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / ' AbU ke jagatprasiddha vimalavasahI aura lUNavasahI jise musalamAnoM ne kSatigrasta kara diyA thA, vi0 saM0 1378 / I0 san 1321 meM dharma -- ghoSagacchIya AcArya jJAnacandrasUri ke upadeza se punarnirmita karAyA gayA / 4 1. ahaM saMvat 1366 varSe pratApAkrAntabhUtala zrIalAvadInasuratrANapratizarIra-zrI alpakhAna vijaya rAjye zrIstaMbhatIrthe "sakalasAdharmikavatsalena sAhajesala suzrAvakeNa koDikAsthApana pUrva zrIzrAvakapoSadhazAlAsahita: sakala vidhilakSmIvilAsAlaya: zrIajita - svAmideva vidhicaityAlayaH kArita AcandrArkaM yAvannaMdatAt // allakhAna ke rAjyakAla meM nirmita stambhanapAvana tha jinAlaya kA zilAlekha dalAla, cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI, saMpA0 prAcInagUrjara kAvyasaMgraha (dvitIya saMskaraNa, baDodarA - 1970 I0 ), pariziSTa viii, pR0 152 2. draSTavya - isI grantha ke antargata zatruJjayakalpa 3. saMpA0 paM0 bhagavAnadAsa harakhacanda ( ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1995) 4. zrIjJAnacaMdra iti naMdatu sUrirAja: puNyopadezavidhibodhitasa ( * ) tsamAjaH // 41 // 87 3 1 1 vasu- muni - tu (gu) Na - zasi zi varSa (rSe ) jyeSThe (SThe') sititara (va) misomayuta divase / zrIjJAnacaMdraguruNA pratiSTi (STha) to'budagirI RSabhaH // 42 // muni jayanta vijaya - saMpA0 arbudaprAcIna jainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAMka

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 59 isa yuga meM bhI aneka prasiddha jaina granthakAra hue haiN| vi0 saM0. 1361/I0 san 1304.5 meM nAgendragacchIya merutuGgasUri ne prabaMdhacintAmaNi kI racanA kii|' vi0saM0 1372/I0 san 1315-16 meM Thakkarapheru ne vAstusAra nAmaka grantha likhA / isI varSa pUrNimAgacchIya ratnaprabhAcArya ke ziSya kamalaprabha ne puNDarIkacarita kI racanA kii| tapAgacchIya somaprabhasUri ke ziSya somatilaka ne kSetrasamAsa, vicArasUtra aura saptatisthAnaka Adi granthoM kI racanA kii|4 sapta. tisthAnaka vi0 saM0 1387 / I0 san 1330 meM racA gyaa|" vi0 saM0 1382 / I0 san 1324-25 meM maladhAragacchIya rAjazekhara ke ziSya sudhAtilaka ne saMgItopaniSad aura ekAkSaranAmamAlA kI racanA kii| 1. nRpazrI vikramakAlAtItasaMvat 1361 varSe phAlgunasudi 15 ravAvadyeha zrIva rdhamAna pure cintAmaNigranthaH samAptaH / / prabandhacitAmaNi ko prazasti 2. dalAla, cimanalAla DAhyabhAI-e DiskRipTiva kaiTalaoNga oNpha mainyu skripTsa ina da jaina bhaMDArsa aiTa pATana, jilda 1, inTroDaksana, pR0 61 3. draSTavya, puNDarIkacarita kI prazasti 4. tripuTI mahArAja --saMpA0 paTTAvalIsamuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 62-63 5. terahasayasagasIe, lihiamiNaM somatilaya sUrIhiM / abbhatthaNAehema-ssa saMghava irayaNataNayassa / / 358 / / trayodazazatasaptAzItitame, likhitamidaMsomatilakasaribhiH // saptatizatasthAnaprakaraNa buddhisAgarasUrijanajJAnamaMdira, bIjapura se vio. saM0 1990 meM prakAzita hai| tatpaTTAdiravizciraM vijayatAM sanmArgasandarzaka: sUrIndraH kila rAjazekharagururvAdIbhapaJcAnanaH / ziSyastasya punaH sudhAkalaza ityAkhyAM dadhAno vyadhAt saMgItopaniSatsusAramakhilaM vijJAnisaukhyAya yat // 151 / / saMgItopaniSadgranthaM khASTAnizavatsare / RtuzUnyayugendvande tatsAraM cApi nirma me // 152 / / umAkAnta pI0 zAha-saMpA0 saMgItopaniSatsAroddhAra ( bar3odarA,, 1961 I0) kI prazasti / 7. jinaratnakoza, pR0 61

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jainadharma kA prasAra vi0 saM0 1383 / I0 san 1324-25 meM hI jinakuzalasUri ne jinadattasUri dvArA racita caityavaMdanakulaka para vRtti kI racanA kI / ' vi0 saM0 1389 / I0 san 1332 meM rudrapallIyagaccha ke saMghatilaka- sUri ke ziSya somatilaka aparanAma vidyAtilaka ne vorakalpa aura SaTdarzanasUtraTIkA, vi0 saM0 1394 / I0 san 1337 meM zIlataraMgiNIvRtti aura vi0 saM0 1397 / I0 san0 1340 meM laghustavakaTIkA kI racanA kI / 2 60 uparyukta sAkSyoM - rAjAoM dvArA jaina muniyoM ko saMrakSaNa, jainAcAryoM kI sAhityika gatividhiyAM, jinAlayoM ke nirmANa aura jIrNoddhAra, tIrthayAtrAoM ke vibhinna saMdarbha Adi se yaha bhalI-bhAMti siddha hai ki cApotkaTa, solaMkI aura bAghelavaMzIya rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla meM jaina dharma pazcimI bhArata meM atyanta lokapriya aura nirantara vikAsonmukha rahA / muslima zAsana sthApita ho jAne para bhI jaina matAvalambiyoM kI pratyeka dhArmika gatividhiyAM pUrvavat jArI rahIM / atyanta samRddha jaina dharma kA yahI citra jinaprabhasUri aura unake kalpapradIpa kI pRSThabhUmi hai / bAda ke yugoM meM bhI prAyaH yahI sthiti rahI aura isI kA pariNAma hai ki jaina dharma Aja bhI gujarAta - kaThiyAvAr3a meM deza ke anya bhAgoM kI apekSA adhika samunnata dazA meM vidyamAna hai / 1 jinaratna koza, pR0 124 2. vahI, pR0 402-403 3. vahI, pR0 385 4. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMda, pUrvokta, pR0 432

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adhyAya 4 tIrthoM kA vibhAjana isa adhyAya ke antargata sarvaprathama tIrtha zabda ke artha tatpazcAt kalpapradIpa ke tIrthoM kA paramparAgata evaM pradezAnusAra vibhAjana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tIrtha zabda kA artha bhArata varSa kI dhArmika saMskRti meM tIrtha zabda kA atyadhika mahattva hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ne isa zabda kI vyutpatti 'tR' dhAtu ke sAtha 'thak pratyaya lagAkara kI hai, arthAt jisake mAdhyama se tirA jAye, yA pAra kiyA jAye, vaha tIrtha hai| Rgveda tathA anya vaidika saMhitAoM meM tIrtha zabda kA prayoga mArga athavA sar3aka ke artha meM AyA hai| kucha. sthAnoM para isakA tAtparya hai nadI kA chichalA bhAga, jahAM use AsAnI se pAra kiyA jA sake / ' Rgveda meM hI eka anya sthala para tIrtha zabda 'eka pavitra sthAna' ke artha meM AyA hai / 2 AryoM meM agnipUjA, sUryapUjA Adi prAcIna kAla se hI pracalita rahI hai| ina kRtyoM ko karane se pahale snAna Avazyaka samajhA jAtA thaa| nadI kA vaha sthAna jahAM snAna kiyA jAtA rahA, pavitra mAne jAne lge| isI prakAra pUjA ke sthAna bhI pavitra mAne jAte the| atharvaveda meM bhI jala ko zuddha aura pavitra karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai| nadI tathA jalIyasthAnoM ke alAvA prAkRtika ramaNIya sthala evaM muniyoM ke rahane tathA tapasthala. bhI pavitra mAne gaye / Rgveda meM to parvatoM kI ghATiyoM evaM nadiyoM - 1. kANe, pI0vI0-hisTrI oNpha dharmazAstra (hindI anuvAda) tRtIya bhAga, pR0 1300 / 2. vahI, pR0 1300 / 3. vahI, pR0 1301 /

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62 tIrthoM kA vibhAjana ke saMgama bhI pavitra mAne gaye haiN| cUki bhAratIya saMskRti meM Arya, draviNa, niSAda, kirAta Adi saMskRtiyoM kA sammizraNa hai aura isa sammizraNa kA sabase jyAdA prabhAva dhArmika kSetra meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa kSetra meM to AdAna-pradAna kI bahulatA ke kAraNa kisI eka devatA kA mUla rUpa kyA thA ? athavA vaha kisa saMskRti se prAcIna kAla meM sambandhita rahA, yaha sadA nizcaya se kaha pAnA kaThina hai / isa viSaya meM jo zodha kArya hae haiM, unase rocaka niSkarSa sAmane Aye haiN| bhAratIya loka meM pracalita vIrabrahma, jisakI pUjA Aja sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM pracalita hai, prAcIna kAla meM pracalita yakSa pUjA kI hI pratinidhi hai| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya, kalA aura dharma ina tInoM kSetroM meM yakSaviSayaka mAnyatA kA prabhAva rhaa| yakSa pUjA kA prabhAva brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina tInoM dharmoM para pdd'aa| loka dharma atyanta prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| loka meM prativarSa samayasamaya para devI-devatAoM ke mele lagate the aura ye kisI na kisI rUpa meM Aja bhI pracalita haiN| pratyeka janapada yA pradeza meM mukhya-mukhya meloM kI chAna-bIna karane se jJAta hotA hai ki inake pIche devI-devatA kI pUjA hI mukhya kAraNa hai| prAcIna kAla meM ye mele athavA utsava 'maha' kahe jAte the| uccavargIya logoM ke jIvana meM jo sthAna vaidika yajJoM kA thA, vahI sthAna lokajIvana meM 'maha' nAmaka utsavoM kA thaa|" tIrthoM kI kalpanA ke vikAsa meM loka dharma ke ina paramparAoM ne bhI avazya hI yogadAna kiyA hogaa| vaidika dharma aura loka dharma meM mela-jola kI prakriyA vaidika yuga se hI Arambha ho cukI thii|6 vaidika sAhitya meM isa bAta ke spaSTa pramANa milate haiN| udAharaNa ke liye atharvaveda ke eka sUkta meM bar3I 1. kANe, pI0 vI0-pUrvokta, tRtIya bhAga, pR0 1304 / 2. agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa-prAcInabhAratIyalokadharma, pR0 2 / 3. vahI, pR0 3 / 4. vahI 5. vahI, pR0 4 / '6. vahI, pR0 3 /

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63 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana svAbhAvika rIti se vaidika devatAoM ke sAtha anya loka devatAoM kA anaupacArika ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isa sUcI meM jahAM agni, indra, bRhaspati, varuNa, viSNu Adi vaidika devatA haiM vahIM dUsarI ora yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta, sarpa Adi usa koTi ke bhI devatA haiM jinakA Adima-jAtiyoM se sambandha thaa|' bhUmi, parvata, nadI, samudra aura nakSatra ye bhUmi sambandhI devatA the, jinakI paramparAyeM loka aura sAhitya meM prApta hotI haiM / mahAbhArata, gItA aura purANoM Adi meM devI-devatAoM kI vistRta sUcI prApta hotI hai jinameM loka meM pracalita devI devatAoM kI bhI gaNanA hai / 2 sUtroM evaM manu tathA yAjJavalkya Adi prAcIna smRtiyoM meM tIrthoM ko koI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai apitu yajJoM kI mahimA batalAI gayI hai| isake viparIta mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM tIrtha yAtrA ke mahattva ko batalAte hue unheM yajJoM kI tulanA meM zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai|3 mahAbhArata meM tIrthoM ke nAma evaM unakI yAtrA para jAne kA bhI varNana milatA hai| matsya, nAradIya, padma, vArAha Adi purANoM meM to tIrthoM ke mAhAtmya ke sAtha-sAtha unakI saMkhyA bhI ginAI gayI hai| matsyapurANa ke anusAra 35 koTi tIrtha haiM, jo AkAza evaM bhUmi para sthita haiM / brahmapurANa ke anusAra tIrthoM evaM punIta sthaloM kI saMkhyA itanI bar3I hai ki unheM saikar3oM varSoM meM bhI nahIM ginA jA sktaa| samayasamaya para naye-naye tIrthoM ko purANoM meM zAmila kara liyA gayA aura tIrthapurohitoM ne dhana lAbha kI kAmanA se prerita hokara saMdigdha pramANoM se yukta bahuta se mAhAtmyoM ko raca kara inheM mahAbhArata ke prasiddha racayitA vyAsa se sambandhita btlaayaa|" isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki brAhmaNIya paramparA meM vaidika yuga ke prArambha se hI pavitra sthAnoM kA tIrthoM ke rUpa meM udaya huA aura unakA pUrNa vikasita svarUpa hameM mahAbhArata tathA purANoM meM dikhAI detA hai| 1. agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa, pUrvokta, pR0 4 / 2. vahI, pR0 5-19 / 3. kANe, pI0 vI0-pUrvokta-pR0 1306 / 4. vahI, pR0 1306 / 5. vahI, pR0 19 /

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tIrthoM kA vibhAjana bauddha paramparA meM bhI ati prAcIna kAla se hI tIrthayAtrA ko bar3A mahattva diyA gayA hai| mahAparinirvANasUtra' ke anusAra bhagavAn buddha ke janma, jJAnaprApti, dharmacakrapravartana aura nirvANa ina cAra ghaTanAoM se sambandhita sthAnoM ko pavitra mAnA gayA hai aura inakI yAtrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| ina sthAnoM kI zraddhAlu bauddhoM dvArA yAtrA karane kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| azoka ne ina sthAnoM kI yAtrA kI aura vahAM stUpa bhI bnvaaye| buddha ke janmasthAna lumbinI meM to usane bhUmikara bhI mApha kara diyA thA, yaha bAta vahAM se prApta stambha lekha se jJAta hotI hai| cInI yAtriyoM-phAhiyAna, hvenasAMga, itsina Adi to bauddha tIrthoM kI yAtrA hetu hI yahAM Aye the| unake vivaraNoM se bauddha kendroM kI tatkAlIna sthiti para prakAza par3atA hai| Aja bhI zraddhAlu bauddha ukta tIrthoM kI yAtrA karate haiN| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bauddha dharma se sambandhita pratyeka tIrtha sthAnoM kI bhaugolika sthiti ke sambandha meM prAyaH koI vivAda nahIM hai, isase bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki bauddhoM meM tIrtha yAtrA kI dIrghakAlIna aura puSTa paramparA thii| brAhmaNIya aura bauddha paramparA kI taraha jaina paramparA meM bhI tIrthoM kA bar3A mahattva hai| jisa prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhagavAn buddha se sambandhita 4 sthAnoM ko pavitra mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra jainoM meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM ke janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa Adi se sambandhita sthAnoM ko pavitra mAnA gayA hai| Agama granthoM meM to ina sthAnoM kI koI carcA nahIM milatI, parantu Agamika vyAkhyAoMniyukti, carNI, bhASya, vatti evaM TIkA Adi meM isa sambandha meM vistAra se carcAyeM haiN| inameM niyuktiyAM sabase prAcIna aura bhadrabAhu dvArA racita mAnI jAtI haiN| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne isa bhadrabAhu ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se bhinna batalAte hue inheM prasiddha jyotiSI vArAhamihira kA sahodara batalAyA hai tathA inakA samaya vikrama samvat 1. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana-buddhacaryA, mahAparinibbAnasutta) pR0 500 (sAranAtha, banArasa, 1952 I0) 2. mehatA, mohanalAla - janasAhityakAbRhaditihAsa, bhAga 3, prastAvanA, pR0 9

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 65 kI chaThI zatI nirdhArita kiyA hai|' bhadrabAhu 'dvitIya' se pUrva bhI niyuktiyAM likhI gayI thoM, parantu ve Aja upalabdha nahIM hai, kevala kucha granthoM meM unakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| digambara AmnAya ?) ke grantha mUlAcAra meM bhI Avazyakaniyuktigata kaI gAthAyeM haiM, isase bhI spaSTaH hotA hai ki zvetAmbara-digambara sampradAya kA spaSTa bheda hone ke pUrva bhI niyukti kI paramparA thI / isa prakAra yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA. sakatA hai ki jainAgama kI vyAkhyA kA niyukti nAmaka prakAra prAcIna hai|4 caki niyuktiyoM meM hI sarvaprathama hameM tIrthaviSayaka mAnyatA kA paricaya milatA hai, ataH yaha mAnanA anucita na hogA ki I0 san kI pUrva yA prArambha kI zatAbdiyoM meM hI jainoM meM tIrtha sambandhI mAnyatA kA janma ho cukA thaa| AcArAGganiyukti meM kahA gayA haijammAbhiseya-nikkhamaNa caraNa-nANuppayA ya nivvaannN'| diyaloabhavaNa-maMdara-naMdIsara-bhomanagaresu // 331 // aTThAvaya-ujjite, gayaggapae ya dhammacakke ya / pAsa rahAvattanagaM, camaruppAyaM ca vaMdAmi // 332 / / arthAt janmakalyANakasthAna, janmAbhiSekasthAna, dIkSAsthAna, zramaNAvasthA kI vihArabhUmi, devaloka, asura Adi ke bhavana, meruparvata, nandIzvara ke caityoM aura vyantara devoM ke bhUmistha nagaroM meM rahI huI jina pratimAoM ko aSTApada tathA urjayanta gajAgrapada, dharmacakra, ahicchatrA sthita pArzvanAtha, rathAvarta parvata, camarotpAta Adi ina nAmoM se prasiddha jaina tIrthoM meM sthita jina pratimAoM ko maiM vandana karatA huuN| nizIthacUrNI meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki titthakarANa ya tilogapUiyANa jammaNa NikkhamaNa-vihAra-kevallappAda-nivvANabhUmIo ya pecchaMto saNasuddhi kaahisi,...| ......nizIthacUrNI, khaMDa 3, pR. 24 / 1. mehatA, mohanalAla-pUrvokta, bhAga-3, prastAvanA, pR0 69 / 2. vahI, pR0 68, paadttippnnii| 3. vhii| 4. vhii|

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tIrthoM kA vibhAjana arthAt tIrthaMGkaroM ke janma, abhiniSkramaNa, vihArabhUmi, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa Adi se sambandhita sthAnoM kI yAtrA se darzanazuddhi hotI hai| yahAM darzanazuddhi kA tAtparyaM tIrthayAtrA se prApta puNya hI hai / 66 uparokta saMdarbhoM se spaSTa hai ki kalyANaka kSetroM ke alAvA kucha aise bhI sthAna the, jo kisI maMdira yA pratimA vizeSa ke kAraNa mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte the, jaise uttarApatha meM dharmacakra, mathurA meM devanirmita stUpa, kozala meM jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA Adi / ' aise sthAnoM kI yAtrA kara jainI bodhilAbha prApta karate the / 3 kucha prAcIna granthakAroM ne tIrtha ke sthAna para ' kSetramaMgala' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama ( prathama khaMDa, pR0 28 ) meM kSetramaMgala ke sambandha meM isa prakAra vivaraNa diyA gayA hai tatra kSetra maMgalaM guNapariNatAsana - pariniSkramaNa- kevalajJAnotpattiparinirvANakSetrAdiH / tasyodAharaNam - urjayanta - campApAvAnagarAdiH / yahI bAta tiloyapaNNatto ( yativRSabha - I0 san chaThIM zatI) meM bhI kahI gayI hai 9. utarAvahe dhammacakkaM mathurAe devaNimmiya thUbho, kosalAe va jiyaMtapaDimA titthakarANa vA jammabhUmIo nizIthacUrNI, khaMDa 3, pR0 79 2. titthaka rANa ya tilogapUiyANa jammaNa-NikkhamaNa vihAra-kevalappAdanivvANabhUmIo ya pecchaMto daMsaNasuddhi kA hisi, tahA aNNoSNasAhusamAgameNa ya sAmAyArikusalo bhavissasi, savvApubve ya ceie vaMdato bohilAbhaM nijjittehisi nizIthacUrNI, khaMDa 3, pR0 24 """ ka SaTkhaMDAgama, saMpA0 DA0 hIrAlAla jaina prathama khaMDa ( amarAvatI, I0 1 san 1939) * tiloyapaNNattI- - bhAga 1 - 2; saMpA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, hIrAlAla jaina, ( solApura, I0 san 1943 )

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana guNapariNadAsaNaM pariNikkramaNaM kevalassa NANassa / uppattI iyapahudI bahubheyaM khettamaMgalayaM // 21 // edassa udAharaNaM pAvANagarujjayaMtacaMpAdI | AuTTahatyapahUdI paNuvIsanbhahiyapaNasayadharNANi // 22 // dehaavaTThidakevalaNANAvadRddhagayaNadeso vA / seDhighaNamettaappappadesagadaloyapUraNApuNNA // 23 // vissANaM loyANaM hodi padesA vi maMgalaM khettaM / ssikAle kevalaNANAdimaMgalaM pariNamati // 24 // - gommaTasAra' (AcArya nemicandra I0 san 11 vIM 12 zatI) meM kahA gayA hai kSetra maMgalamUrjayantAdikamarhadAdInAm / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki tIrtha zabda ke Azaya meM hI kSetramaMgala zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dhIre-dhIre tIrthaGkaroM ke vihArasthala, purAtana muniyoM ke siddhattvaprApti-sthala, kisI sAtizaya jinapratimA ke camatkAra ke kAraNa prasiddha sthala Adi kI bhI tIrtha rUpa meM gaNanA hone lagI aura isIliye ye sthAna prasiddha hue / yaha bAta zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se lAgU hotI hai, parantu vyavahAra meM kevala digambaroM ne hI isa vibhAjana ko svIkAra kiyA hai, zvetAmbaroM ne nahIM / 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha ko chor3akara anya sabhI tIrthaGkaroM ke prAyaH sabhI kalyANaka vartamAna uttarapradeza aura bihAra prAnta meM hI sampanna hue haiM, ataH yahAM ke adhikAMza tIrtha isI koTi meM Ate haiM / isake alAvA deza ke anya bhAgoM meM sthita jaina tIrtha prAyaH siddhakSetra aura atizayakSetra hI haiM / kalpapradIpa meM ullikhita tIrthasthAna vartamAna uttarapradeza, bihAra, baMgAla, ur3IsA, madhyapradeza, rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra, karNATaka, 1 jaina, balabhadra - bhAratake digambara jaina tIrtha, prAkkathana, tiloyapaNNattI 1/21-24 pR0 10 se uddhRta 2. premI, nAthUrAma - jaina sAhitya auraitihAsa, pR0 186 | 67

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68 tIrthoM kA vibhAjana Andhrapradeza evaM kerala Adi prAMtoM meM avasthita haiM / granthakAra ne tIrthoM kA koI bhI vargIkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| na to unhoMne tIrthoM kA kalyANakakSetra, siddhakSetra aura atizayakSetra Adi meM vibhAjina kiyA hai aura na hI unako bhaugolika sthiti ke anusAra hI rakhA hai| caki granthakAra dvArA ullikhita tIrtha prAyaH sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM haiM aura va cha tIrthoM ko ve svayaM unakI bhaugolika sthiti, yathA-amuka tIrtha pUrva deza meM sthita hai, amuka pazcima deza meM, amUka dakSiNa deza meM hai; Adi batalAte haiM, ataH suvidhA ke liye unheM nimnalikhita vibhAgoM meM bAMTate hue varNakramAnusAra unakA adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai 1-uttara bhArata- uttarapradeza 2-pUrva bhArata- bihAra, baMgAla aura ur3IsA 3-madhya bhArata- madhyapradeza 4-pazcima bhArata- rAjasthAna aura gujarAta 5-dakSiNApatha evaM dakSiNa bhArata- mahArASTra, Andhrapradeza, karNATaka aura kerala 1-uttara bhArata isa vibhAga ke antargata vartamAna uttarapradeza meM sthita tIrthoM kA adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| inakI varNakramAnusAra sUcI isa prakAra hai 1-ayodhyA 2-ahicchatrA 3-kAmpilya 4-kauzAmbI 5--candrAvatI 6-prayAga 7-mathurA 8-ratnavAhapura 9-vArANasI 10 -vindhyAcala

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 11 - zaurIpura 12 - zrAvastI 13 - hastinApura inameM se candrAvatI, prayAga, vindhyAcala aura zaurIpura kA catura zItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata ullekha hai tathA zeSa tIrthoM kA svatantra rUpa se alaga-alaga varNana hai / 2 - pUrva bhArata isa vibhAga ke antargata vartamAna bihAra, sthita jaina tIrthoM ko rakhA gayA hai jinakI prakAra hai bihAra 1 - kuNDagrAma 2 - koTizilA 3 - campApurI 4 - pATaliputra 5 - mithilA 6 - vaibhAragiri 7 - sammetazikhara baMgAla 1 - koTivarSa 2 - puNDravardhana - 3 - kuDuMgezvara 4- canderI 69 inameM se koTizilA, campApurI, pATaliputra, mithilA aura vaibhAragiri para svatantra rUpa se alaga-alaga vivaraNa haiM tathA zeSa tIrthoM kA caturazItimahAtorthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata ullekha hai / baMgAla aura ur3IsA meM pradezAnusAra sUcI isa 3 - madhya bhArata isa vibhAga ke antargata vartamAna madhyapradeza meM sthita jaina tIrthoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jinakI varNakramAnusAra sUcI isa prakAra hai1 - avantidezastha abhinaMdanadevakalpa - 2 - oMkArezvara ur3IsA 1 - kaliGgadeza 2 - mAhendraparvata

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tIrthoM kA vibhAjana 5-dazapura 6-DhIpurI 7-vidizA inameM se oMkArezvara, canderI, dazapura aura vidizA kA caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata ullekha hai tathA zeSa tIrthoM kA svatantra rUpa se varNana hai / 4-pazcima bhArata isa vibhAga ke antargata rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ke tIrthoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai jo isa prakAra haiMa - rAjasthAna 1-arbudagiri 2-upakezapura (osiyA) 3-karaheTaka (karer3A) 4-nandivardhana (nAndiyA) 5-nAgahRda (nAgadA) 6-nANA (nAnA) 7-pallI (pAlI) 8-phalavadhikA (phalaudhI) 9-muNDasthala (mugathalA) 10-zuddhadantI (sojata) 11-satyapura (sAMcaura) uparokta tIrthoM meM se arbudagiri, phalavadhikA, zuddhadantI aura satyapura kA hI svataMtra rUpa se varNana hai, zeSa tIrthoM kA caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata ullekha hai| ba-gujarAta-saurASTra 1-ajAharA (ajArI) 2-amburiNIgrAma (AmaraNa) 3-aNahillapura

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 4 - azvAvabodha (bhar3auca) 5 - urjayantagiri (giranAra ) 6 -- kA zahRda 7- kokAvasatipArzvanAtha 8- kheTaka kher3A) a 9 - khaGgAragar3ha (jUnAgar3ha) 10 - tAraNa (tAraGgA) 11- dvArakA 12 - nagaramahAsthAna ( vaDanagara ) 13 - pATalAnagara 14- prabhAsapATana 15 - mor3heraka (moDherA) 16 - rAma saina 17 - valabhI 18- vAyaDa 19- zatruJjaya 20 - zaMkhezvara 21 - siMhapura (sihora) 22 - stambhanaka (thAmaNA) 23 - stambhatIrtha (khambhAta) uparokta tIrthoM meM se aNahilapura, ujjayanta, zatruJjaya, zaMkhezvara aura stambhanaka para svataMtra kalpa likhe gaye haiM tathA zeSa tIrthoM kA caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata ullekha hai / 5- dakSiNApatha aura dakSiNa bhArata jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai isa vibhAga ke antargata mahArASTra Andhrapradeza, karNATaka aura kerala ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai / mahArASTra 1 - kolhApura 2 - DAkinI bhImazaMkara 3- nAsikayapura (nAsika)

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2 4 - pratiSThAnapura ( paiThana) 5 - zrIpura (sirapura ) 6- sUrpAraka (sopArA) inameM se kolhApura, DAkinIbhImazaMkara aura sUrpAraka kA caturazItamahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata ullekha hai, zeSa tIrthoM para svataMtra kalpa likhe gaye haiM / - Andhrapradeza 1 - AmarakuNDapadmAvatIdevI 2 - kulpAkamANikyadeva 3 - zrIparvata (zrIzailaparvata) tIrthoM kA vibhAjana inameM se zrIparvata kA caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata ullekha hai, zeSa donoM tIrthoM para kalpa rUpa meM vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / sa- karNATaka 1 - kiSkindhA 2 - dakSiNApatha gommaTezvara bAhubalI (zravaNabelagolA) 3 - zaMkhajinAlaya ( lakSmezvara) ina tIrthoM kA caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata ullekha hai / ba- kerala jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita tIrthoM meM se kevala eka tIrtha isa pradeza meM avasthita hai aura vaha hai malayagiri, jisakA caturazItimahAtIrthanAma saMgrahakalpa meM ullekha hai / isake alAvA isa grantha meM kucha aise bhI tIrthoM kA ullekha hai jo vartamAna yuga meM ( rAjanaitika kAraNoM se ) deza kI sImA ke bAhara sthita haiM, yathA - aSTApada (kailAza - tibbata, cIna ) ; pAraskara ( tharapAkarasindha, pAkistAna ); vItabhayapura (sindha, pAkistAna ) trikUTagiri (zrIlaMkA); siMhaladvIpa ( zrIlaMkA) /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 73 isI prakAra kucha aise tIrthoM kI bhI carcA hai jinakI bhaugolika sthiti ke bAre meM hameM koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai, yathAkukkuTezvara, krauMcadvIpa, mahAnagara, mANikyadaNDaka, mokSatIrtha, pAtAla laMkA, sarasthAna, haMsadvIpaM Adi / prastuta grantha meM kevala unhIM tIrthoM kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai, jo Aja deza kI sImA ke antargata sthita haiM aura jinakI bhaugolika sthiti bhI prAyaH jJAta hai /

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adhyAya-5 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha pichale adhyAya meM jahAM tIrthoM ke vibhAjana kI carcA hai, yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki uttara bhArata meM unhIM tIrthoM ko rakhA gayA hai jo vartamAna uttarapradeza kI sImA meM sthita haiN| aba ina tIrthoM kA varNakramAnusAra adhyayana prastuta hai (1) ayodhyA (2) ahicchatrA (3) kAmpilya (4) kauzAmbI (5) candrAvatI (6) prayAga (7) mathurA (8) ratnavAhapura (9) vArANasI (10) vindhyAcala (11) zaurIpura (12) zrAvastI (13) hastinApura 1. ayodhyAnagarIkalpa ayodhyA bhAratavarSa kI ati prAcIna nagariyoM meM se eka hai| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI ke sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| jaina paramparAnusAra yahAM 7 kulakaroM tathA RSabhadeva Adi 5 tIrthaGkaroM kA janma huA, isIliye isa nagarI ko jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnyatA milii| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa nagarI kA varNana kiyA hai jisakI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM

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himAcala pradeza hariyANA dillI rAjasthAna hastinApura mathurA uttara bhArata ( uttara pradeza uttara zaurIpu cIna ahicchatra pradeza kAmpilya yamunA nadI - pradeza madhya nepAla gaMgA nadI zrAvastI prayoga ayodhyA ratnapurI ghAgharA nadI gomatI nadI kauzAmbI 10 candrapurI vArANasI vindhyAcala

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana "avajjhA ,aujjhA, vinItA, kuzalA, sAketa, ikSvAkubhUmi aura rAmApurI Adi isa nagarI ke vibhinna nAma samaya-samaya para pracalita hue| yahAM sAta kulakaroM evaM RSabha, ajita, abhinandana, sumati aura ananta ina 5 tIrthaGkaroM tathA mahAvIra svAmI ke naveM gaNadhara acalabhrAtA kA janma huaa| RSabhadeva ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya zakrendra ne unheM 'vinItapuruSa' kahA, usI samaya se isa nagarI kA eka nAma 'vinItA' bhI pracalita huaa| yaha nagarI dakSiNArddha bharata kSetra ke pRthvI ke madhya 12 yojana lambI aura 9 yojana caur3I parimANa vAlI evaM sarayU nadI ke taTa para sthita hai| yahAM sthita Ayatana meM gomukha yakSa tathA cakrezvarI yakSI kI pratimAyeM vidyamAna haiN| navAGgI vRttikAra abhayadevasUri kI zAkhA ke devendrasari ayodhyA se AkAza mArga dvArA 4 bimba (jina pratimAyeM) rAtri ke samaya serisayapura le jAne ke liye cle| 3 vimba to unhoMne vahAM pahuMcA diyA, parantu cauthI le jAte samaya rAtri bIta gayI taba use pAsa ke 'dhArAseNaka' nAmaka grAma meM chor3a diyaa| caulukya nareza kumArapAla ne usa cauthe bimba ko serisayapura lAkara vahIM sthApita kara diyaa| ayodhyA nagarI meM isa samaya nAbhirAjA kA maMdira-mahala, pArzvanAthavATikA, sItAkuMDa, sahasradhArA, mattagayaMdayakSa kA caitya, gopadarAI Adi aneka laukika tIrtha vidyamAna haiN| yahIM ghaghgharadaha sarayU nadI ke sAtha milatI hai aura vaha sthAna, 'svargadvAra' ke nAma se prasiddha hai|" jaina mAnyatAnusAra ayodhyA AditIrtha evaM Adinagara hai| jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI ke kaI nAma milate haiM yathA-vinItA, sAketa, ikSvAkubhUmi, kozala, avajjhA, aujjhA aadi| ye nAma vibhinna kAraNoM se rakhe gaye pratIta hote haiM jaise Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra yahAM ke nivAsI atyanta vinamra svabhAva ke the, ataH isa nagarI kA nAma vinItA pdd'aa| isI prakAra yahAM ke nivAsI apane-apane kAryoM meM kuzala the ataH yaha nagarI kuzalA nAma se prasiddha huI / ikSvAkuvaMzIya 1. mehatA aura candrA -saMpA0 prAkRtaprAparanemsa, pR0 3 2. Avazyakaniyukti (dIpikA) pR0 56 3. tatra vinItAyA nagaryA dUrasthitA janA vinItAvAstavyAn janAn kalAsu vizAradAnupalabhyevamUcuH-aho kuzalA amI janAH, tataH .

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276 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma ikSvAkubhUmi par3A hogA / jinaprabhasUri ne isa nagarI ke vinItA nAma par3ane ke sambandha meM jo bAta kahI hai, usakA bhI ullekha Avazyaka niyukti' meM prApta hotA hai / buddha aura mahAvIra ke samaya ayodhyA ko sAketa kahA jAtA thA / 2 jaina sAhitya meM ina donoM ko eka nagara batalAyA gayA hai / kucha Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bauddha sAhitya ke AdhAra para inheM alaga-alaga nagara siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / jaina mAnyatAnusAra kulakaroM dvArA hI sAMsArika niyamoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / ina kulakaroM kI saMkhyA 7 hai unake nAma haiM - vimalavAhana, kakkhuma, jasama, abhicaMda, paseNIya, marudeva aura nAbhi / " jinaprabha ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai / jaina paramparAnusAra RSabha, ajita, abhinandana, sumati aura ananta ina kuzalapuruSayogAt vinItA nagarI kuzaletyucyate,, """ Avazyaka sUtravRtti - malayagiri (bambaI, 1928 I0) pR0 214 / 1. tataH indra Aha sAdhu vinItAH puruSAH, Avazyaka niyukti (dIpikA) pR0 56 2. jaina, jagadIza candra - bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 39 3. vahI 4. rAijaDeviDsa, TI0 DablyU 0 - buddhisTa iMDiyA ( hindI anuvAdailAhAbAda, 1958 I0, pR0 32) 5. paDhamittha vimalavAhaNa, cakkhuma jasamaM cautthamabhicande | tato apaseNaie, marudeve cetra nAbhI ya / Azyaka niyukti (dIpikA) sUtra 155 jaina sAhitya meM hI kahIM 10 aura kahIM 14 kulakaroM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai / isa sambandha meM vistAra ke liye draSTavya mehatA aura candrA - pUrvokta, pR0 193 - 194 jinendra varNI - jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 2, pR0 130

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 77 5 tIrthaGkaroM kA isa nagarI meM janma huaa|' granthakAra ne bhI isI tathyA kA ullekha kiyA hai| acalabhrAtA mahAvIra svAmI ke 11 gaNadharoM meM se eka the| unakA janma isI nagarI meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma vasu aura mAtA kA nAma nandA thaa| inheM acche-bure karmoM ke astittva meM vizvAsa na thaa| mahAvIra svAmI ne inake bhrama ko dUra kiyA jisase prabhAvita hokara inhoMne apane 300 ziSyoM ke sAtha unase dIkSA le lii|3 jinaprabhasUri ne bhI 'mahAvIragaNadharakalpa' ke antargata inake sambandha meM savistAra carcA kI hai| ___ jinaprabhasUri ne raghuvaMzIya dazaratha, rAma aura bharata ko yahAM kA . rAjA batalAyA hai| yaha ullekha jaina aura brAhmaNIya" paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / unhoMne isa nagarI kI bhaugolika sthiti aura vistAra ke bAre meM jisa khagolazAstrIya mAnyatA kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha bhI jaina paramparA para hI AdhArita hai|6 aSTApada parvata 1. Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra 382-83 tiloyapaNNattI (yativRSabha-6ThIM zatAbdI) 4,526 aura Age padmapurANa (raviseNa-7vIM zatI) 98/141-148 Adyo jinendrastvajito jinazca anantajiccApya bhinandanazca / surendra vandyaH sumatirmahAtmA sAketapuryAM kila paJca jAtAH / / varAGgacarita (racanAkAla 7vIM zatI) 27/81 2. ayalo ya kosalAe, kosalA nAma ayojjhA, ...... / AvazyakacUrNI, pUrva bhAga, pR0 337 3. mehatA aura candrA-pUrvokta, bhAga, 1 pR0 3 digambara paramparA meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai, vistAra ke liye draSTavya-jainendrasiddhAntakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 213 4. nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 1, pR0 104 padmapurANa 22/162; 25/22-36 5. pANDeya, rAjabalI-purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, pR0 250 6. jambUdvIpaprajJapti-41 /

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78 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha para RSabhadeva ke vihAra karane,' nirvANa prApta karane evaM vahAM unake putra bharata dvArA caityoM ke nirmANa karAne kA granthakAra ne jo ullekha kiyA hai usakA bhI vivaraNa prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai / jinaprabha ne navAGgIvattikAra abhayadevasUri kI zAkhA ke devendrasUri dvArA apane mantravidyA se ayodhyA nagarI se 4 pratimAoM ko serisaya pura le jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahI bAta kakkasUri dvArA racita nAbhinaMdanajinoddhAraprabandha ( racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1393 ) meM 1. titthayarANaM paDhamo usabharisI vihario niruvsggo| aTThAvao Nagavaro, agga(ya)bhUmI jiNavarassa / / Avazyakaniyukti-338 teNaM samaeNaM bhagavaM aTThAvayamAgato viharamANo, ....... / __ AvazyakacUrNI, pUrva bhAga, pR0 209 2. aTThAvayaMmi sele, caudasabhatteNa so maharisINaM / dasahi sahassehi, samaM nivvANamaNuttaraM patto / Avazyakaniyukti, 435 3. AvazyakacUrNI, pUrva bhAga, pR0 223 / 4. serisayapura jainoM kA prasiddha tIrtha hai / yaha Aja serIsA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / yaha sthAna gujarAta rAjya ke gAMdhInagara jile meM agalaja nAmaka sthAna se 13 kilomITara dUra sthita hai| parIkha aura zAstrI-gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa khaMDa 1, pR0 375 saMghaprayANakeSvevaM, dIyamAneSvahanizam / zrIserIsAhvayasthAna prApa desalasaMdhapaH // zrIvAmeyajinastasminnadhyapratimayA sthitaH / dharaNendrAzasaMsthAMhiH (?) sakalo yaH kalAvapi // yaH purA sUtradhAreNa paTTAcchAditacakSa ssaa| ekasyAmeva zarvaryA devAdezAdaghaTyata // zrInAgendragaNAdhIzaH zrImaddevendrasUribhiH / pratiSThito mantrazaktisampannasakalehitaH / / taireva sammetagireviMzatistIrthanAyakAH / Aninyire mantrazaktyA, trayaH kAntIpurIsthitAH / /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana bhI prApta hotI hai, parantu unhoMne pratimAoM ko ayodhyA se nahIM apitu "kAntIpurI" se lAne kA ullekha kiyA hai aura devendramuri ko nAgendra gacchIya batalAyA hai| inakA samaya I0 san kI bArahavIM zatI kA anta aura terahavIM zatI kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai|' isa prakAra donoM granthakAroM ne serIsA tIrtha kI sthApanA kA zreya samAnarUpa se devendrasUri ko diyA hai| aba hamAre sAmane yaha prazna uThatA hai ki devendrasUri kisa gaccha ke the? jinaprabhasUri jahA~ unheM navAGgIvRttikAra abhayadeva kI paramparA kA batalAte haiM, vahIM kakkasUri ne unheM nAgendragacchIya batalAyA hai| cUMki navAGgIvRttikAra abhayadeva kI paramparA meM kisI devendrasUri kA nAma nahIM milatA, jabaki nAgendragacchIya devendra sUri dvArA racita candraprabhacarita kI prazasti meM jo gurvAbalI dI gayI hai, usameM abhayadevasUri kA ullekha hai, ataH serIsA tadAdIdaM sthApitaM, sat tIrtha devendrasUribhiH / devaprabhAvavibhavi sampannajanavAJchitam / / ___ nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabandha [racanAkAra-upakezagacchIyakakkasUri saMpA0-60 bhagavAnadAsa harakhacaMda, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1985] prastAva 4, zloka 329-334 1. desAI, mohanalAladalIcanda-jainasAhityano saMkSiptaitihAsa, pR0 341 2. nAgendra gacche vikhyAtAH, paramArAtvarayoH tamAH / zrIvarddhamAnanAmAnaH, sUrAyAsUroyA:'bhavan / guNagrAmAtirAmo, dharAmRsUribabhUva saH / yadAsyakama lakroDe, vikrIDuvaMnanazriyaH // 2 // siddhAntAdityamAzritya, kalApUrNaH sudRttabhAk / candravastrItidaH so'bhUccandrasUristataH param / / 3 // vidyAvallImahAvRkSaH, saMyamapratimArathaH / saMsArAbdhisadAyAnaM, devasUrigurustataH // 4 // siddhavidyArasasparzAda, suvarNatvamupAgate / zivAyAbhayasUriNAM, vayaM sarimupAsmahe // 5 //

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uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha tIrthoddhAraka devendrasUri aura candraprabhacarita ke racanAkAra nAgendragacchIya devendrasUri ko abhinna mAnA jA sakatA hai / granthakAra ne ayodhyA nagarI meM sthita caitya meM gomukha yakSa aura cakrezvarI yakSI kI pratimAoM ke hone kI bAta kahI hai| cU Mki ye RSabhadeva ke yakSa-yakSI mAne jAte haiM, ' ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ukta caitya jina RSabhadeva ko hI samarpita rahA hogaa| jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita pArzvanAthavATikA bhI jainoM se hI sambandhita rahI hogI / unhoMne yahAM sthita sItAkuMDa, sahastradhArA Adi laukika tIrthoM kA jo nAmollekha kiyA hai ve brAhmaNIya paramparA se sambandhita haiM / graMthakAra ne yahAM ghaghgharadaha (ghAgharA) evaM sarayU ke saMgama para svargadvAra honeM kI bAta kahI hai, jo vastutaH yahAM kA eka prAcIna aura prasiddha ghATa hai| gahar3avAla zAsaka candra deva ( vi0saM0 1142-1157 | I0 san 10851100) ke candrAvatIdAnapatratra meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai / 2 80 vartamAna meM yahA~ kaI zvetAmbara aura digambara jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, jo arvAcIna haiM / prabhuH // 6 // nirvAsyAnya girazciAttAnyavaSTabhya sthitA nRNAm / yadvAk so'bhUjjagatkhyAtaH, zrImaddhanezvaraH yadvA gaGgA tribhirmAstarka sAhityalakSaNaH / punAti jIyAdvijaya siMhasUriH sa bhUtale ||7|| zrIdhanezapadesUridevendrAkhyaH svabhaktitaH / puNyAya caritaM cakre, zrImaccandraprabhaprabhoH // 8 // vyomasvAnalasthitiH pratidizaM vikSipya tAraudanaM, pItvA candramahaH payo'dadhadavaSTanaM ca dhAtryAM karaiH / bAlArka: patadindukandukamAmAvAsyAsu dhRtvA kSipedyAvattAvadikaM caritramavano cAndraprabhaM nandatAt ||9|| catuHSaTvayekasaGghaye ca, '1264' jAte vikramavatsare / somezvarapure'tadvimAsyAM caritaM kRtam // 10 // candraprabhasvAmicarita kI prazasti 1. tivArI, mArutInandana - jainapratimAvijJAna, pR0166 2. ipigrAphiyA iMDikA, jilda XIV, pR0 194 aura Age / 3. tIrthadarzana, bhAga 1, pR0 111 jaina, jyotiprasAda - AditIrthaayodhyA [ lakhanaU 1979 I0 ] pR0 48 aura Age

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81 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 2. ahicchatrAnagarIkalpa ahicchatrA prAcIna bhAratavarSa ke pramukha nagariyoM meM eka thii| brAhmagIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isake bAre meM vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| vartamAna meM yahAM hue utkhanana se upalabdha avazeSoM se yahA~ kI prAcIna sthiti para mahattvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai| __ ahicchatrA jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai| jJAtadharmakathA tathA AvazyakaniyaMkti Adi prAcIna granthoM meM isakA ullekha hai| jinaprabhasari ne bhI isa nagarI kA jainatIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM nimnalikhita haiM :--- ___ 'jambUdvIpa - bhAratavarSa ke kuru-jAGgala janapada meM zaMkhAvatI nAmaka prAcIna nagarI thI / eka samaya pArzvanAtha chamAvasthA meM vihAra karate hue yahAM Aye aura nagara ke bAhara kAyotsarga mudrA meM dhyAnAvasthita ho gaye / usI samaya unake pUrvabhava ke vairI kamaTha ne unheM dekhA aura pUrva vairavaza usane unake Upara upasarga karanA prArambha kiyA aura apanI vaikriya zakti se bAdaloM ko prakaTa kara ghanaghora vaSTi prArambha kara dii| varSA kA jala cAroM ora phaila gayA aura pArzvanAtha kI nAsikA taka pahuMca gayA to dharaNendra, jisakI unhoMne pUrva bhava meM rakSA kI thI, vahAM AyA aura apane phaNoM ko unake Upara chatra rUpa meM phailAkara rakSA kii| usI samaya se isa nagarI kA nAma ahicchatrA pdd'aa| pArzvasvAmI ke vahAM se anyatra vihAra karane ke pazcAt saMgha ne usI sthAna para unakA caitya bnvaayaa| bAda meM do anya caitya bhI vahIM para banavAye gaye, jinameM eka pArzvanAtha kA aura dUsarA neminAtha kA thaa| yahAM hiraNyagarbha, caNDikAbhavana, harihara, brahmakuNDa Adi laukika tIrtha bhI haiN| kRSNa kI janmabhUmi bhI yahIM hai|" yadyapi pArzvanAtha ke mAtA-pitA ke nAmoM kI sUcanA Agama granthoM se bhI prApta hotI hai, parantu unakI vistRta jIvanI sarvaprathama kalpasUtra 1. pAse Na arahA parisAdANIe tesIiM rAidiyAIniccaM vosaTTakAe ciyatta dehe je kei uvasaggA uppajjati, taMja hA divvA vA mANassA vA tirikkhajoNiyA vA, aNu lomA vA paDilomA vA, te uppanne samma sahai titikkhai khamai ahiyAsei / / kalpasUtra [jayapura saMskaraNa, 1677 I0] sUtra 154

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uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha meM hI prApta hotI hai, phira bhI una para kamaTha dvArA kiye gaye upasarga kI yahAM carcA nahIM milatI / uttarakAlIna jaina granthoM', jinameM pAzvaM. nAtha ke jIvanacaritra kA vivaraNa hai, unapara kiye gaye upasargoM kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai| ina vivaraNoM meM koI bheda hai to vaha bighna DAlane vAle ke nAma aura sthAna kA / uttarapurANa (guNabhadra9vIM zatI uttarArdha), mahApurANa (puSpadanta-racanAkAla 965I0 san) Adi granthoM meM vighnakartA kA nAma zaMbara diyA gayA hai| pArvanAthacarita (vAdirAja-racanAkAla zaka saMvat 947) meM usakA nAma bhUtAnanda batalAyA gayA hai / siripAsanAhacariya' (devaprabhasUri, racanA kAla vi0saM0 1168), triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita5-(hemacandra vi0saM0 1145-1229) tathA zvetAmbara paramparA ke anya sabhI granthoM-jinameM pArzvanAtha kA jIvana-vivaraNa prApta hotA hai, usa vighnakartA kA nAma meghamalina diyA gayA hai| pAsaNAhacariu (padmakItti - I0 san kI 10vIM zatAbdI) meM bhI yahI nAma milatA hai| pArzva ke dhyAnAvasthA meM vighna DAlane kA varNana zvetAmbara yA digambara -kisa paripATI yA sampradAya se prArambha haA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| yaha nizcita hai ki kalpasUtra kI racanA ke pazcAt aura uttarapurANa kI racanA ke pUrva yaha mAnyatA astitva meM aayii| AcArya siddhasena divAkara dvArA praNIta kalyANamaMdirastotra se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya taka yaha mAnyatA sthApita ho cukI thI ki pArzva ke tapa ko kamaTha dvArA bhaMga karane kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| isa 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 244-248 2. jainendrasiddhAntakoza, bhAga 4, pR0 1 3. pArzvanAthacaritra-10/88 4. tAva puvvuttakaDho, mehakumArattaNeNa vaTTato / siripAsaNAhacariu 3 / 191 5. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita-9/3 / 6. taM pekSevi dhavalajjala thakka u avicala mehamallibhaDu kuddhau / -pAsaNAhacariu 14 / 5 / 119 7. modI, praphullakumAra-saMpA0 pAsaNAhacariu, prastAvanA, pR0 37

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana stotra ke 31veM chaMda meM isakA spaSTa saMketa hai ki kamaTha ne pAzvanAtha para upasarga kiyaa| prAmbhArasambhRtanabhAMsi rajAMsi roSAd utthApitAni kamaThena zaThena yAni / chAyApi taistava na nAtha ! hatA hatAzo grastastvamIbhirayameva paraM durAtmA // -kalyANamandirastotra -31 (he svAmI, usa zaTha kamaTha ne krodhAveza meM jo dhUla Apa para pheMkI, vaha ApakI chAyA para bhI AghAta na pahuMcA skii| ) isase anumAna hotA hai ki siddhasena divAkara ke samaya taka kamaTha, pArzvanAtha ke virodhI ke rUpa meM jJAta rahA, bAda meM jaba uttarakAlIna granthoM meM pArzvanAtha ke pUrva bhavoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA jAne lagA taba kamaTha ko unake prathama-bhava kA virodhI mAna liyA gayA aura aMtima bhava ke virodhI ko vibhinna nAma de diye gye| pArzvanAtha para kiye gaye upasarga ko dUra karane kA zreya donoM sampradAyoM ke granthoM meM dharaNendra ko samAna rUpa se diyA gayA hai| parantu yaha upasarga kahA~ ghaTita huA, isake bAre meM matabheda hai| zvetAbara paramparAnusAra yaha ghaTanA "Azrama"1 meM ghaTita huI aura digambaroM ke anusAra "dIjhAvana"2 meN| parantu yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nagara ke bAhara kisI upavana yA ekAnta sthala para hI yaha ghaTanA ghaTita huI / AcArAGganiyukti (kartA bhadrabAhu 'dvitIya' racanAkAla prAyaH 525I. san) ke anusAra dharaNendra ne ahicchatrA nagarI meM pArzvanAtha kI mahimA 1. evaM ca bhavayaM pAsanAho kukkuDesarAo nikkhaMto gAmANugAmaM viharamANo saMpatto puvute AsamapayaMmi / -pAsanAhacariyaM 3 / 191 2. nayansa caturo mAsAn, chAmasthyena vizuddhibhAk / dIkSAgrahavane devadArubhUrimahIruhaH / / -uttarapurANa 733134

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84 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha kii| Upara yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki dharaNendra ne pArzvanAtha ke upasarga ko dUra kiyA ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahicchatrA nagarI meM hI kamaTha ne pArzvanAtha para upasarga kiyA aura dharaNendra ne use dUra kara unakI mahimA varNita kii| jinaprabhasUri ne bhI isI bAta ko hI likhA hai| ___ sarpaphaNa ke chatra se yukta pArzvanAtha kI pratimAyeM hameM kuSANa kAla se hI prApta hone lagatI haiM, parantu pArzvanAtha kI ve pratimAyeM jinameM una para kamaTha se upasarga ko darzAyA gayA hai, I0 san kI chaThI zatAbdI se pUrva kI nahIM milI haiM / ye pratimAyeM vAdAmI, aihola gyArasapura aura athUNA, Adi sthAnoM se prApta huI hai aura ye chaThIM se 11 vIM zatAbdI taka kI haiN| yahAM utkhanana se jaina pratimAyeM bhI prApta huI haiN| inameM se kucha pratimAyeM kuSANakAlIna abhilekhoM se yukta haiM / isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki ahicchatrA kuSANa kAlameM eka prasiddha jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rhaa| jinaprabhasUri ne bhI yahAM pArvanAtha kA eka prAcIna caitya hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne yahA~ ke jina laukika tIrthoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai ve brAhmaNIya paramparA se 1. [i) aTTAvaya jite gayaggapayae ya dhammacakke ga / pAsa rahAvattanagaM camaruppAyaM ca vaMdAmi / / -AcArAGganiyukti // 335 / / (ii] ahicchatrAyAM pArzvanAthasya dhrnnendrmhimaasthaane,....| AcArAGgaTIkA [zIlAMkAcArya] bhAga-2, pR0 418 2. DhAkI, ema0e0 - 'sAntarA skala carsa', jarnala oNpha iMDiyana sosAiTI Apha oriyaNTala ArTa, jilda 4, [1970-71 I0], pR0 78-97 zAha, yU0pI0-'e pAzvanAtha skalpacara ina kvIvalaiMDa', da buleTina oNpha da kvIvalaiDa myUjiyama oNpha ArTa, jilda-5-6, disambara, 1970 I0]. pR0 303-311 3. bainarjI, Ara0DI0- "nyU brAhmI iMskripzansa oNpha sIthiyana pIriyaDa," ipigrAphiyA iMDiyA, jilda 10, pR0 107

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85 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana sambandhita rahe hoNge| jaina paramparAnusAra kRSNa naveM vAsUdeva the|' brAhmaNIya paramparA' meM unheM viSNu ke avatAroM meM ginA jAtA hai| donoM hI dharmoM meM unakA janma sthAna matharA ( gokala ) svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| parantu jinaprabha ne unakA janmasthAna ahicchatrA batalAyA hai jo bhrAmaka hai / ahicchatra kI pahacAna barelI jile ke AMvalA tahasIla meM sthita rAmanagara nAmaka sthAna se kI jAtI hai| yahAM donoM sampradAyoM ke alaga-alaga jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM jo vartamAna yuga ke haiN| 3. kAmpilyapurakalpa kAmpilya pAMcAla janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura bhAratavarSa kI eka prasiddha nagarI thii| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isake bAre meM 'vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| mahAbhArata meM kAmpilya ko dakSiNa pAMcAla kI rAjadhAnI batalAyA gayA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra 13 veM tIrthaGkara vimalanAtha kA yahA~ janma huA, isIlie yaha jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM 'prasiddha huA / jinaprabhasUri isa tIrtha ke sambandha meM jina mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM "jambUdvIpa dakSiNa bharata khaNDa ke pUrva dizA meM pAMcAla janapada ke antargata gaMgA nadI ke taTa para kAmpilya nagarI basI huI hai / yahA~ 13veM tIrthaGkara vimalanAtha ke cyavana, janma, rAjyAbhiSeka, dIkSA aura kevalajJAna ye 5 kalyANa ka hue| unake pitAkA nAma kRtavarmA aura mAtA kA nAma somAdevI thA / yahA~ unake 5 kalyANaka hone tathA unakA lAMchana zakara hone ke kAraNa isa nagarI ko paMcakalyANaka nagara aura zakara kSetra bhI kahA jAne lagA / dasaveM cakravartI hariSeNa tathA 12 veM cakravartI brahmadatta bhI yahIM utpanna he| kauNDinya kA ziSya azvamitra jo vIra nirvANa ke 210 varSa pazcAt caturtha nihnava huA, bhramaNa karate hue ima nagarI meM AyA thaa| yahA~ ke rAjA saMjaya ne gardabhila aNagAra se dIkSA lekara sadgati paayii| piMr3hara aura jasavatI kA putra gAMgalI 1. samavAyAGga 159, uttarAdhyayana 22 / 8, 25, 31; AvazyakacUNI', pUrva bhAga, pR0 235 2. pANDeya, rAjabalI-purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, pR0 74 3. De, naMdolAla-jyogrAphikala DikzanarI oNpha aiziyanTa eNDa meDavala iMDiyA, pR0 88 4. tIrthadarzana,bhAga 1, pR0 119

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86 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha kumAra isI nagarI meM utpanna huA / usake mAmA sAla aura mahAsAla piThicampA ke rAjA the / unhoMne apane bhAMje ko rAjya dekara mahAvIra svAmI se dIkSA le lI / kAlakrama se gAMgalikumAra ne mAtA-pitA ke sAtha gaNadhara gautama svAmI se dIkSA le lI / isI nagarI ke eka rAjA dumukha ne kaumudI mahotsava ke avasara para indradhvaja ko alaMkRta aura logoM dvArA usakA sammAna karate hue dekhA / kucha samaya bAda usI dhvaja ko bhUmi para logoM ke pairoM ke nIce par3A dekhakara use Rddhi ke anRddhisvarUpa kA smaraNa huA aura vaha pratyekabuddha banA / yahIM rAjA drupada kI kanyA draupadI kA svayaMvara meM paMcapANDavoM ke sAtha vivAha huA / isI nagarI kA eka anya rAjA dharmaruci bahuta dharmaniSTha thA / kAzI ke rAjA se yuddha ke samaya vaha apane puNya ke pratApa se apanI sArI senA AkAza mArga se kAzI le gayA / aneka saMvidhAnarUpI ratnoM kI nidhAna yaha nagarI mahAtIrtha hai / bhavya loga yahAM kI yAtrA kara jaina zAsana kI prabhAvanA karate hue apanA kalyANa karate haiM / " 13veM tIrthaGkara vimalanAtha ke janmasthAna, mAtA-pitA tathA unake cyavana, janma Adi kalyANakoM ke bAre meM jaina sAhitya' meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA haiM / unhoMne ( jinaprabha ne ) isa nagarI ke anya nAmoM "paMcakalyANakanagara" evaM "zUkarakSetra" kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha jaina sAhitya meM anyatra aprApta hai, ataH jinaprabha ke ukta kathana ko unakI vyaktigata vizvAsa para hI AdhArita samajhanA cAhie / 1. (i) Avazyaka niyukti - 382 (ii) AvazyakavRtti ( malayagiri) pR0 237 aura Age (iii) kaMpillapure vimalo jAdo kadavammajayassAmAhi / mAghasidacodasIe Nakkhatte puvvaddade || tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 538 (iv) suralokAdimaM lokamindra e'sminnAgamiSyati / kSa etre'tra puri kAmpilye purudevAnvayo nRpaH // uttarapurANa 59 / 14 (v) kAmpilyajAto vimalo munIndro.... ...... varAGgacarita 27 / 84

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana pRthvI ke mahAn rAjA ko cakravartI kahA jAtA hai, jaina paramparA meM 12 cakravartI rAjAoM kI kalpanA hai / 2 inameM se 10 veM hariSeNa evaM 12 veM brahmadatta isI nagarI se sambandhita the|3 jinaprabhasUri ne bhI isI mAnyatA kA ullekha kiyA hai| zvetAmbara jaina mAnyatAnusAra mUla siddhAntoM kI prAmANikatA meM zaMkA prakaTa karane vAle yA bhinna prakAra se usakA artha batalAne vAle zramaNa ko nihnava kahA jAtA hai| unake yahAM kula 7 nihnavoM kI carcA hai, unake nAma haiM-jAmAli, tisyagupta, AsAr3ha, asimitra, gaMga, rohagupta aura gosstthaamihil| vIra nirvANa ke 220 varSa pazcAt Arya mahAgiri kA praziSya aura kauDinya kA ziSya asimitra campA nagarI ke lakSmIdharacaitya meM caturtha nihnava huA aura usane kAmpilyapura kI bhI yAtrA kii| yahI bAta jinaprabhasUri ne bhI kahI hai| 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pUrva bhAga, pR0 208 2. hohI sagaro maghavaM, saNaMkumAro ya rAyasadlo / saMttI kuthU a aro, hoi subhUmo ya koravo // Navamo a mahApaumo, hariseNo ceva rAyasaThUlo / jayanAmo a naravaI, bArasamo vaMbhadatto a / / Avazyakaniyukti, 374-375 3. Avazyakaniyukti, 397-400 4. AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 415 bahuraya jamAlipabhavA, jIvapaesA ya tiisguttaao| avvattA''sADhAo, sAmuccheyA''samittAo / gaMgAo dokiriyA, chala gA terAsiyANa uppattI / therA ya goTThamAhila, pRTThamabaddhaM paviti / / Avazyakaniyukti 780-789 6. sAmissa do vAsasatANi vIsuttarANi siddhi gatassa to cauttho uppaNNo / mahilA nagarI, lacchIdharaM cetiyaM, mahAgirI ya AyariyA, tattha tesi sIso koDiNNo, tassa'vi AsamittI sIso..... ...... ............ ..."bhAveto kaMpellapuraM gto| AvazyakacUrNI, pUrva bhAga, pR0 422

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uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha yahAM ke rAjA saMjaya ke sambandha meM jinaprabha ne jisa kathAnaka kI carcA kI hai, vaha uttarAdhyayanasUtrA' aura usakI cUrNI meM savistAra kahI gayI hai| isI prakAra unhoMne gAMgalikumAra ke sambandha meM jo bAta kahI hai, vaha bhI zvetAmbara jaina paramparA para AdhArita hai| isa nagarI ke eka rAjA dumuha, jisakA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai, ke bAre meM jaina graMthoM meM savistAra vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| jAtakoM meM bhI isa rAjA kA ullekha hai aura use mithilA ke antima zAsaka nami kA samakAlIna batalAyA gayA hai| aitareyabrAhmaNa' meM bhI dumuha ko eka vijetA ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai aura bRhaduktha ko usakA dhurohita batalAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra maha kA brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina tInoM paramparAoM meM ullekha huA hai, ataH dumukha eka aitihAsika byakti mAnA jA sakatA hai| draupadI ke sambandha meM bhI jaina sAhitya meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai|' jinaprabha ne isa nagarI ke eka rAjA dharmaruci aura kAzI ke rAjA nAma ajJAta) sambandhI jisa kathAnaka kI carcA kI hai vaha jaina sAhitya meM anyatra upalabdha nahIM hotA, ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 18, uttarAdhyayanacUrNI pR0 248-49 2. dazavaikAlikacUrNI, pR0 52; uttarAdhyayanasUtravRtti (zAntisUri) pR0 321 aura Age 3. ito ya paMcAlAsu jaNavadesu, kaMpillaM nagaraM, tattha dummuho rAyA, so Ida ketu pAsati logeNa mahijjaMtaM aNegakuDabhIsahassaparimaMDitAbhirAmaM, puNo ya viluttaM paDitaM ca muttapurIsANa majjha, sovi saMbuddho, jo idaketu suyalaMkiyaM tu0| AvazyakacUrNI, uttarabhAga, pR0 207 vistAra ke liye draSTavya mehatA aura candrA-prAkRtaprAparanemsa, bhAga 1, pR0 379 4. malAla se kara, jI0 pI0-DiksanarI oNpha pAlIprAparanemsa, bhAga 1, pR0 1098 5. sUryakAnta-vaidikakoza, pR 203 6. mehanA aura candrA-pUrvoka, bhAga 1, pR0 390; jainendrasiddhAntakoza, bhAga 3, pR0 461

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana ki kisI ajJAta srota ke AdhAra para jinaprabhasUri ne ukta kathAnaka kA ullekha kiyA hai| uparokta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki granthakAra ne isa nagarI se sambandhita jina kathAnakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve prAyaH jaina paramparA para AdhArita haiM, kintu unase isa tIrtha ke samasAmayika sthiti ke bAre meM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| vartamAna meM yahAM utkhanana se guptayuga se lekara madhyayuga taka ke aneka purAvazeSa prApta haye haiM jo brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina paramparA se sambaddha haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha nagarI brAhmagIya, bauddha aura jaina dharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rhii| yahAM ke jinAlayoM meM pratiSThApita tIrthaGkaroM kI prastara evaM dhAtu-pratimAyeM kalA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| yahAM se prApta aneka purAvazeSa lakhanaU sthita rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita haiN|' kAmpilya kI pahacAna uttara pradeza ke pharrukhAbAda janapada ke atargata kAyamagaMja relave sTezana se 8 kimI0 dUra sthita vartamAna kampila nAmaka sthAna se kI jAtI hai| yahAM jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM ke alaga-alaga jinAlaya haiM, jo arvAcIna haiN| __4. kauzAmbInagarIkalpa kauzAmbI vatsa janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura prAcIna bhAratavarSa ke pramukha nagariyoM meM eka thii| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isake bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| brAhmaNIya paramparAnusAra pauravavaMzIya rAjAoM ne hastinApura ke bAr3ha se naSTa ho jAne ke pazcAt kauzAmbI ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayii| buddha aura mahAvIra kA bhI yahAM Agamana haA thaa| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa nagarI kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM -- 1. bAjapeyI. kRSNadatta-saMpA0 kAmpilyakalpa ( kAnapura, 1978 I0) pR0 80 aura Age 2. pANDeya, rAjabalI-purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, pR0 80

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uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha "isa nagarI meM chaThe tIrthaGkara padmaprabha ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA aura kevalajJAna kalyANaka sampanna he| sAdhvI candanabAlA ne yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ko prathama pAraNA kraayii| kauzAmbI nareza zatAnIka aura rAnI mRgAvatI kA putra udayana gandharva vidyA meM bar3A nipuNa thaa| mRgAvatI ke anurodha para ujjayinInareza caNDapradyota ne isI nagarI meM IMToM kA eka kilA bnvaayaa| eka bAra mahAvIra svAmI ke yahA~ Agamana ke avasara para unake samavazaraNa meM candanabAlA aura mRgAvatI bhI thiiN| sandhyA hone ke pUrva sabhI loga apane apane gharoM ko lauTa Aye parantu mRgAvatI vahIM dera taka baiThI rahI, kyoMki usa samavazaraNa meM sUrya aura candramA ke bhI upasthita hone se use samaya ke bAre meM bhrama ho gyaa| parantu jaba use rAtri hone kA patA calA, to vaha turanta upAzraya lauTI, vahA~ candanavAlA ne use upAlambha diyaa| apane doSa ko svIkAra karate hue mRgAvatI ne usI rAtri apane karmoM kI nirjarA kara kaivalya prApta kiyaa| yaha nagarI yamunA taTa para sthita hai| yahA~ aneka caitya haiM jinameM sundara-sundara jinapratimAyeM vidyamAna haiM / yahA~ sthita padmaprabha ke jinAlaya meM mahAvIra svAmI ko pAraNA karAtI huI candanabAlA kI eka pratimA bhI rakhI hai|" jaina mAnyatAnusAra padmaprabha chaThe tIrthaGkara the| unake mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna tathA kalyANakoM Adi ke sambandha meM jaina granthoM meM vistRta 1. (i) samavAyAGga (saM0 madhukara muni) 24 / 160 (ii) jaNaNI savvattha viNicchaesu sumaitti teNa sumaijiNo / paumasayaNami jaNaNIi Dohalo teNa paumAmo / / ____ Avazyakaniyukti- 1089 (iii) assajudakiNhate rasidiNammi paumappaho a cittAsu / dharaNeNa susImAye kosaMbipuravare jAdo / tiloypnnnnttii-~4|531 (iv) kauzAmbyAM padmatejasam / padmapurANa (raviseNa) 98 / 145

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 91 vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prathama pAraNA isa nagarI meM huii|' candanabAlA mahAvIra svAmI ke zramaNIsaMgha kI pradhAna thiiN| inake bAre meM jaina granthoM meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| granthakAra ne kauzAmbInareza zatAnIka kI patnI aura udAyana kI mAtA mRgAvatI ke bAre meM jina bAtoM kI carcA kI hai, unakA AvazyakacUrNI meM vistAra pUrvaka ullekha hai| jinaprabhasUri ne yahAM gaMgAtaTa para aneka jinAlayoM ke hone kI bAta kahI hai| yaha vivaraNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki kosama aura usake AsapAsa ke kSetroM se bar3I saMkhyA meM jina pratimAeM, toraNa, mAnastambha, AyAgapaTTa Adi prApta hue haiM, inameM se adhikAMza sthAnIya purAtattva saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN|5 kosama sthita eka kacce makAna se bhI kucha mahatvapUrNa jaina purAvazeSa mile haiM, inameM kuSANakAlIna abhilekha yukta eka AyAgapaTTa bhI zAmila hai| yahA~ se prApta jina pratimAyeM evaM anya purAvazeSa 8 vIM se 2 vIM zatI taka ke haiN|" caudahavIM zatI meM jinaprabhasUri ke samaya meM bhI yaha nagarI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thii| parantu bAda meM muslima zAsakoM (v) UrjakRSNa trayodazyAM padmaprabhajinezvaraH / / harivaMzapurANa (jinasena) 60 / 171 kauzAmbI dharaNazcitrA susImA jinapuGgavaH / ' padmaprabhaH priyaGguzca maGgalaM vaH sa parvataH / / vahI 60 / 187 1. AvazyakacarNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 318-19 2. vahI pa0 320 3. mehatA aura candrA-pUrvokta, bhAga 1, pR0 246-47 4. bhagavaM vaddha mANasAmI kosaMbIe samosarito, tattha caMdasUrA bhagavaMtaM vaMdagA savimANA uttiNNA, tattha migAvatI ajjA udayaNamAtA divasottikAtuM ciraM ThitA, sesAo sAdhuNIo titthagaraM vaMditUNa sanilayaM gatAo, caMdasUrAvi titthagaraM vaMditUNa pddigtaa,..."| AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 615. 5. pramodacandrA-sTona skalpacarsa ina da ilAhAbAda myUjiyama saMkhyA-406-410, 418, 455 Adi / 6. bainarjI, Ara0 DI0-"sama skalpacarsa phrAma kosama" A0 sa0 i0 vArSikariporTa, 1913-14, pR0 262-64 7. pramodacandrA-pUrvokta,

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92 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrthaM -kI kRpAdRSTi ! se yaha samRddhazAlI nagarI pUrNarUpeNa sadaiva ke lie ujar3a gayI / kauzAmbI nagarI ko ilAhAbAda zahara se dakSiNa-pazcima meM 30 mIla dUra sthita kosama nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / " yahA~ donoM sampradAyoM ke alaga-alaga jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, jo vartamAna yuga ke haiM / 5. candrAvatI jaina paramparA meM bhagavAn candraprabha AThaveM tIrthaGkara mAne gaye haiM / unake cyavana, janma, dIkSA aura kevalajJAna - ye 4 kalyANaka candrAvatI ( candrapurI) nAmaka nagarI meM sampanna huye the, aisA jaina paramparA ke donoM sampradAyoM ke prAcIna granthoM meM ullekha hai / yadyapi ye sabhI grantha isa nagarI kI bhaugolika avasthiti kA koI saMketa nahIM karate haiM / AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne isa nagarI ke sambandha meM pracalita jaina mAnyatAoM kA ullekha karate huye sarvaprathama isakI bhaugolika avasthiti 1. jaina, jagadIzacandra -- bhAratavarSa ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, 2. tIrthadarzana, bhAga 1, pR0 100 / 3. ( a ) samavAyAGga, 157; AvazyakacUrNI 382; ( ba ) caMdrapahA caMdapure jAdo mahaseNalacchimaiAhiM / pussassa kiNhaeyArasie aNurAhaNa kkhatte || candrAbhaM candrapuryAM tiloya paNNattI 4 / 533 pR0 37 / padmapurANa 99 / 146 varAGgacarita 27/82 candraprabhazcandrapure prasUtaH vandyA candrapurI candraprabho nAgatarugiriH / so'nurAdhA mahAseno lakSmaNA jananI satAm || tasmin SaNmAsazeSAyuSyA gamiSyati bhUtale / dvIpe'smin bhArate varSe nRpazcaMdrapurAdhipaH || harivaMzapurANa 60 / 189 uttarapurANa 54 / 163

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jana tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana kI carcA kI hai| unhoMne ise vArANasI nagarI se ar3hAI yojana dUra sthita batalAyA hai : asyAzca sArdhayojanadvayAtparatazcandrAvatI nAma nagarI, yasyAM zrIcandraprabhorgarbhAvatArAdikalyANikacatuSTayamakhila bhuvana janatuSTikaramajaniSTa / kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa-pR0 74 ___ madhyayuga meM likhI gayI zvetAmbara paramparA kI tIrthamAlAoM meM bhI jinaprabhasUri kI mAnyatA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM yaha vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya hai ki madhyayuga meM hI likhI gayI digambara paramparA kI caityaparipATiyoM, tIrthavandanAoM Adi meM isa tIrtha kI carcA nahI milatI, isase pratIta hotA hai ki isa yuga meM yahAM digambara paramparA kA koI jinAlaya nahIM thaa| aba hamAre sAmane yaha prazna uThatA hai ki vartamAna candrAvatI kI prAcInatA kyA hai ? kyA jainoM ke alAvA kisI anya paramparA se bhI isakA sambandha rahA hai ? kyA yahAM se kucha purAvazeSa prApta huye haiM, jinake AdhAra para isakI aitihAsikatA ko spaSTa kiyA jA sake ? | sarvaprathama hama candrAvatI kI bhaugolika sthiti kI carcA kreNge| yaha sthAna vArANasI se lagabhaga 20 mIla uttara-pUrva meM gaMgA nadI ke pazcimI taTa para eka prAcIna evaM vistRta TIle para avasthita hai| bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa dvArA yaha prAcIna smAraka ghoSita hai| yahAM zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya ke eka-eka jinAlaya haiM, jo kramazaH vi0 saM0 1892 aura vi0 saM0 1913 meM nirmita haiN| yaha bAta ina jinAlayoM para utkIrNa lekhoM se jJAta hotI hai| sana 1912 kI bAr3ha meM gaMgA nadI kI dhArA dvArA yahAM TIloM ke rUpa meM avasthita bhagnAvazeSoM ke tIvra kaTAva se eka pASANa peTikA prApta huI, jisameM gahar3avAlazAsaka candradeva (vi0saM01142-57) ke do tAmrapatra prApta haye / prathama tAmrapatra vi0saM0 1150 aura dvitIya 1. sUri, vijayadharma-saMpA0 prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha pR0 13-14 2. sAhanI, dayArAma -"candrAvatI pleTasa oNpha candradeva -vi0 saM0 1150 -1156, ipigrAphiyA iMDikA, jilda XIV pR0 192-207

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94 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha vi0 saM0 1156 kA hai| dvitIya tAmrapatra meM candrAvatI sthita candramAdhava ke devAlaya ko samrATa candradeva dvArA diye gaye bhUmidAna kA vistRta vivaraNa hai|' isase spaSTa hai ki vikrama kI bArahavIM zatI meM candrAvatI meM candramAdhava kA eka prasiddha evaM mahimna devAlaya vidya. mAna thaa| uparokta tAmrapatroM ke sampAdana ke saMdarbha meM sana 1912 meM bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa vibhAga kI ora se zrI dayArAma sAhanI ne isa sthAna kA sarvekSaNa bhI kiyaa| unake anusAra yahAM sthita zvetAmbara jinAlaya sthAnIya grAmavAsiyoM meM candramAdho ke maMdira ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| sAhanI ne isa maMdira ke uttarI dIvAla para vi0 saM0 1756 kA eka zilAlekha tathA maMdira meM vi0saM0 1564 kI bhagavAn zAMtinAtha kI eka pratimA hone kI bAta kahI hai| Aja yahAM ukta jinAlaya meM na to saM0 1756 kA zilAlekha hI dikhAI detA hai aura saMbhavataH vaha pratimA bhI vArANasI meM bhelUpura sthita digambara jaina maMdira meM sthAnAntarita kara dI gayI hai| jaisA ki prArambha meM kahA jA cukA hai jaina paramparA meM candrAvatI ( candrapurI) kI bhaugolika avasthiti kI carcA sarvaprathama kalpapradIpa meM hI prApta hotI hai| isa sthAna kI ati prAcInatA ke sambandha meM pramANoM ke abhAva meM to kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu ukta tAmrapatroM ke vivaraNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki 10 vI-11 vIM zatI meM yaha eka prasiddha sthAna thaa| saMbhavataH isakI vizruti evaM nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para jainoM ne ise AThaveM tIrthaMkara ke janmasthAna se samIkRta kiyA hogA aura 14 vIM zatI taka yahA~ candraprabha kA eka jinAlaya zvI nirmita ho cukA thA, yaha bAta kalpapradIpa ke vivaraNa se spaSTa hai.| . 1. ta: caMdrAvatyAM devazrIcaMdramAdhavAya pUjAdyartha zAsanokRtya pradatta iti / / sAhanI, pUrvokta-ipigrAphiyA iMDikA, jilda XIV, pR0 199 2. vahI, pR0 197 3. vahI For Private & Personal use.pl - .

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 6. prayAga gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama para avasthita prayAga vartamAna ilAhAbAda ) hinduoM kA prasiddha tIrthasthAna hai / brAhmaNIya paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM yahA~ do nadiyoM kA saMgama mAnA gayA hai, parantu uttarakAlIna granthoM meM yahA~ gaMgA-yamunA aura sarasvatI ina tIna nadiyoM ke saMgama sthala kI kalpanA kI gayI hai / rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata meM isa tIrthaM kA ullekha milatA hai / " bauddha sAhitya meM bhI isa nagarI kA ullekha hai, parantu vahA~ kisI bar3e nagara ke rUpa meM isakI carcA nahIM milatI / brAhmaNIya aura bauddha paramparA ke atirikta jaina paramparA meM bhI isa nagarI kA ullekha hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM isa nagarI ke prayAga' nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM alaga-alaga kathAna prApta hote haiM / 95 AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa meM isa tIrtha kI utpatti kA savistAra varNana karate hue yahA~ RSabhadeva aura zItalanAtha ke caityAlaya hone kI bAta kahI hai / kalpapradIpa meM do bAra isa tIrtha kA ullekha AyA hai prathama pATaliputrakalpa ke antargata jahA~ unhoMne annikAputrAcArya kI kathA dI hai aura batalAyA hai ki puSpabhadrapura meM eka bAra gaMgA nadI pAra karate hue annikAputrAcArya ne kaivalya prApta kiyA aura vahIM unakA nirvANa bhI huA, isIliye yaha sthAna prayAga nAma se prasiddha huA / dvitIya caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata unhoMne yahA~ RSabhadeva aura zItalanAtha ke caityAlaya hone kI bAta kahI hai / annikAputrAcArya kI kathA hameM Avazyaka niyukti, Avazyaka 3 1. lAhA, vimalAcaraNa - prAcIna bhArata kA aitihAsika bhUgola, pR0 198-200 2. mAthura, vijayendra - aitihAsikasthAnAvalI, pR0 585-87 3. sUtra 1190-91

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96 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrthaM cUrNI', nizIthacUrNI dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa, pariziSTa parva 4 Adi zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM prApta hotA hai / cUMki ye sabhI racanAyeM kalpapradIpa se pUrvavartI haiM, ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jinaprabhasUri dvArA varNita ukta kathAnaka kA mUlabhUta AdhAra uparokta grantha hI rahe hoMge / jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, digambara paramparA meM bhI isa nagarI ke 'prayAga' nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM eka bhinna kathAnaka milatA hai / usake anusAra AdinAtha ne kaivalya prApta hone para yahA~ apanI prajA ko sambodhita kiyA, tatpazcAt prajA ne unakI pUjA kI aura isIliye yaha sthAna prayAga ke nAma se vikhyAta huA / AcArya raviSeNa dvArA viracita padmapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn AdinAtha ne isa sthAna para utkRSTa tyAga kiyA, isIliye isakA eka nAma prayAga bhI prasiddha huA / 2 1. "aNNiya puttA pupphacUlAe AgiellayaM na bhujaMto, teNeva ya bhaveNaM siddho, to ke attha dosotti / 5. ...... 6. payAgaM tattha jAtaM titthaM / vahI, pR0 179 2. ... uttaramahurAvaNieNa vA aNiyaputto / nizIthacUrNI, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 231 3. muni jinavijaya saMpA0 dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa (kartA jayasiMha sUri, racanAkAla -- vi0 saM0 915) 'guru -vinaye puSpacUla - kathA' pR0 41-46 4. harmana jAkobI-saMpA0 pariziSTaparva (karttA - hemacandrasUri sarga 6, , zloka 43-174 AvazyakacUrNI, uttarabhAga, pR0 36 evamuktvA prajA yatra prajApatimapUjayan / pradeza: sa prajAgAkhyo yataH pUjArthayogataH // harivaMzapurANa 996 prajAga iti dezo'sau prajAbhyo'smin gato yataH / prakRSTo vA kRtastyAgaH prayAgastena kIrtitaH // padmapurANa 3 / 281

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana vastuta: brAhmaNIya paramparA meM pracalita prayAga kI mahattA ko dekhate huye jaina AcAryoM dvArA bhI apanI paramparA meM isa nagarI kI mahattA darzAne ke liye hI ukta kathAnakoM kI racanA kI gyii| ___ uttarakAlIna zvetAmbara granthakAroM ne jaina AgamoM meM varNita 'purimatAla' ko prayAga se samIkRta kiyA hai, yaha vastutaH unakA bhrama hai, kyoMki Avazyakaniyukti aura usa para malayagiri I0san 12vIM zatI kA dvitIya evaM tRtIya caraNa ) dvArA racI gayI TIkA meM spaSTa rUpa se purimatAla ko ayodhyA kA eka udyAna batalAyA gayA hai, jahA~ RSabhadeva ko kaivalya prApta huA thaa|' __ jahA~ taka jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita yahA~ RSabhadeva aura zItalanAtha ke jinAlaya hone kI bAta hai, AjaH vahA~ koI prAcIna athavA madhyayugIna jinAlaya vidyAmAna nahIM hai aura na hI usake koI avazeSa mile haiM, jisase ukta tathya kA samarthana ho ske| tathApi ilAhAbAda ke Asa-pAsa ke sthAnoM se kucha jina pratimAyeM avazya upalabdha huI haiM, jinake AdhAra para pUrva-madhyayuga meM isa kSetra meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI upasthiti ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| saMbhava hai ki jinaprabhasUri ke samaya meM yahA~ ukta jinAlaya vidyamAna rahe hoM aura bAda meM ve muslima zAsakoM kI dhArmika asahiSNutA kI nIti ke zikAra ho gaye hoN| saMbhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja yahA~ na kevala jainoM kA balki hinduoM kA bhI koI prAcIna maMdira nahIM miltaa| ___Aja yahAM zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke alaga-alaga jinAlaya haiM / digambaroM ke tInoM jinAlaya sthAnIya cAhacaMda nAmaka muhalle meM 1. ujjANapurimatAle, purI viNIAi tattha nANavaraM / cakkuppAyA ya bharahe, niveaNaM ceva duNhaMpi / / Avazyaka niyukti 342 . gamanikA-udyAnaM ca tatpurimatAlaM ca udyAnapurimatAlaM tasmin, puryA vinItAyAM tatra jJAnavaraM bhagavata utpanna miti .... / / AvazyakaTIkA (malaya giri) pUrvabhAga, pR. 228 2. draSTavya, pramodacandra-sTona skalpacarsa ina da ilAhAbAda myUjiyama

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uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrthaM haiN| zvetAmbaroM kA jinAlaya 'bAI kA bAga' nAmaka muhalle meM hai, jisakA hAla meM hI nirmANa huA hai / 7. mathurApurI- kalpa mathurA nagarI zUrasena janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura prAcIna bhArata kI pramukha nAgariyoM meM se eka hai / rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI ke bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / rAmAyaNa ke anusAra zatrughna ne madhuvana meM lavaNa nAmaka rAkSasa kA badha kara evaM yahAM ke vana ko kATa kara isa nagarI ko basAyA thA / mahAbhArata meM zUrasena deza kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM isa nagarI kA ullekha hai / yahAM kaMsa ke baMdIgRha meM zrIkRSNa kA janma huA / bauddha paramparAnusAra mathurA nareza avantiputra ke samaya bhagavAn buddha yahAM padhAre the / jaina paramparA meM bhI isa nagarI se sambandhita aneka kathAnaka pracalita haiM / AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa nagarI kA eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha karate huye yahAM sthita devanirmita stUpa aura anuzrutiyoM ke rUpa meM pracalita kathAnakoM tathA yahAM ke pramukha sthAnoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai / unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM "bhagavAn supArzvanAtha ke kAla meM dharmaghoSa aura dharmaruci nAmaka do muni varSAbAsa hetu mathurA nagarI meM Aye aura yahA~ sthita bhUtaramaNa nAmaka udyAna meM Thahare / inake tapazcaraNa aura adhyayana se prabhAvita hokara upavana kI svAminI kuberA ne inase jaina zrAvikA ke vrata grahaNa kiyaa| bAda meM kuberA ne ukta muniyoM ke nirdeza se yahA~ ratnamaya stUpa kI racanA kara mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM vahA~ supArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kii| stUpa ke nirmANa ke pazcAt bauddhoM ne isa para apanA adhikAra sthApita karanA cAhA, para unheM saphalatA na milI aura jainoM kA pUrvavat adhikAra banA rahA / eka bAra yahA~ ke rAjA ne lobhavaza stUpa ke ratnoM ko lenA cAhA, to devI ne usI kI kulhAr3I se usakA badha kara diyA, logoM ne bhayabhIta ho devI se kSamA-yAcanA kI taba usane unako apane gharoM meM jina pratimA pUjane kA Adeza diyA / yaha

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99 : jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana bAta bRhatkalpasUtra meM kahI gayI hai| pArzvanAtha kA yahA~ bihAra huA aura usI samaya devI ne logoM ke lobha-vRtti ko dekhate hue stUpa ko IMToM se DhaMka diyaa| vIranirvANasamvat 1300 ke pazcAt bappabhaTTisUri hue, jinhoMne AmarAjA dvArA isa stUpa kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| vi0saM0 826 meM unhoMne ( bappabhaTTisUri ne ) yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA sthApita kii| Aja bhI yahA~ aneka jina pratimAyeM haiM, jinakI rakSA deva karate haiN| 13varSIya duSkAla ke pazcAt skandilAcArya ne yahA~ AgamoM kI vAcanA kii| devanirmitastUpa ke samakSa hI devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne truTita aura dImakabhakSita mahAnizIthasUtra ko pUrNa kiyaa| rAjA jitazatru ke putra kAlavezika muni, rAjarSizaMkha, sAdhvI kuberA, AryamaMgu, mithyAdRSTipurohita indradatta, AryarakSita, vasahapuSyamitra, ghRtapuSyamitra, dubaMlikapuSyamitra, surendradatta aura usakI bhAryA rAdhavidha, jinadatta zreSThI ke saMbala kaMbala nAmaka bachar3e Adi isI nagarI se sambandhita the| yahA~ 5 sthala, 12 vana evaM 5 laukika tIrtha haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM sthala-1-akasthala, 2-vIrasthala, 3-padmasthala, 4-kuzasthala aura 5-mhaasthl| vana-1. lohavana, 2. madhuvana, 3. vilvavana, 4. tAlavana, 5. kumudavana, 6. vRndAvana, 7. bhaNDIravana, 8. khadiravana, 9. kAmikavana, 10. kolavana, 11. bahulAvana aura 12. mahAvana / laukikatIrtha-1. vizrAntika tIrtha, 2. asikuNDa tIrtha, 3. vaikuMThatIrtha, 4. kaliMjaratIrtha aura 5. cakratIrtha / stUpa nirmANa ke sambandha meM jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita ukta kathAnaka hameM jaina sAhitya meM anyatra prApta nahIM hotA, ataH unake isa vivaraNa kA AdhAra kyA hai, kahanA kaThina hai| kalpapradIpa ke isa kalpa ( mathurAkalpa ) ne jina Adhunika vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai unameM sarvAdhika mahAtvapUrNa buhalara mahodaya haiM, jinhoMne 'viyanA oriyaNTala jarnala' (I0 san 1897) meM 'e lIjenTa Apha da jaina stUpa aiTa mathurA' nAmaka eka gaveSaNAtmaka lekha prakAzita kraayaa|

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uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha mathurA ke deva-nirmita stUpa kA prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM ullekha prApta hotA hai| isa sambandha meM jina granthoM kA pradhAnatayA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya'-granthakAra-saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa (I0 san 7vIM shtii)| bRhatkathAkoSa2-hariSeNa-(I0 san 932) / yazastilakacampUra--somadevasUri (I0 san 11vIM shtii)| bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ ke loga apane gharoM meM jina-pratimA kI pUjA karate the| yahI bAta jinaprabha ne bhI bRhatkalpasUtra kA uddharaNa dete hue kahA hai| devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA truTita evaM dImaka-bhakSita mahAnizIthasUtra ko pUrNa karane kA jo ullekha kalpapradIpa meM milatA hai, vaha anya jaina granthoM meM nahIM prApta hotA hai| ataH yaha vivaraNa vizeSa mahattva kA hai| isI prakAra bappabhaTTisUri evaM Ama rAjA ke sambandhoM evaM unake dvArA mathurA sthita stUpa ke jIrNoddhAra kI vistRta carcA prabhAcandrAcArya kRta prabhAvaka... carita' meM prApta hotI hai / stUpa ke svAmitva ke sambandha meM bauddhoM se hue vivAda kA hariSeNa evaM somadevasUri ne bhI ullekha kiyA hai| parantu isameM jainoM kI hI vijaya huii| matharA meM hue utkhanana ke pariNAmasvarUpa eka stUpa aura do mandiroM ke khaMDahara prApta hue haiN| inameM bar3I mAtrA meM mUrtiyAM, unake siMhAsana aura AyAgapaTTa Adi mile haiN| vahA~ prApta purAvazeSoM se * jJAta hotA hai ki I0 pUrva kI dUsarI zatAbdI se lekara lagabhaga 11vIM 1. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya-gAthA 6275 / 2. bRhatkathAkoSa-"zrIvairakumArasamyaktvaguNaprabhAvanAkhyAnaka midam" __ kathA 12 / . 3. "ata evAdyApi tattIrtha devanirmitAkhyayA prathate'' yazastilakacampU (nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI), bhAga 2, pR0 315 / 4. jaina , jagadIzacandra - bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 44 / 5. prabhAvakacarita- "bappabhaTTisUricaritam" pR0 88-111 / 6. smitha, vIsenTa-jaina stUpa eNDa adara enTIkvITIja oNpha mathurA (vArANasI, 1969 I0) pR0 8 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 101 zatAbdI taka yaha nagarI jaina dharma ke mahAna kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rhii|' mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsanoM aura AyAgapaTToM para jo lekha mile haiM unameM se kucha para kaniSka, haviSka, vAsudeva Adi kuSANa narezoM ke nAma, rAjyakAla Adi kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai, isase siddha hotA hai ki ye I0 san ke prArambhika kAla ke haiN| jaina dharma ke prAcIna itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI ye lekha bar3e mahattva ke haiN| ina lekhoM meM mati ke saMsthApakoM ne apane nAma aura rAjA ke nAma ke alAvA apane dharmaguruoM ke nAma, unake sampradAya, upAdhi Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ina lekhoM meM aneka gaNa, kula, aura zAkhAoM ke nAma Aye haiM jo kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke gaNa, kula aura zAkhA ke samIma haiN| isa kAraNa inakA aura bhI mahattva bar3ha jAtA hai| ___sAmAjika itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI ina lekhoM kA bar3A mahattva hai| ina lekhoM meM gaNikA, nartakI,luhAra, gandhika,sunAra, grAsika tathA zreSThI Adi jAti ke logoM ke nAma milate haiM jinhoMne mati Adi kA nirmANa pratiSThA evaM dAna-kArya kiye the| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva jainasaMgha meM sabhI vyavasAyoM ke loga dharmArAdhana karate the| adhikAMza lekhoM meM dAtAvarga ke rUpa meM striyoM kI pradhAnatA hai| ve bar3e garva se apane mAtA-pitA, sAsa-zvasura, putra-putrI-Adi ko AtmIya banAtI thiiN| ina lekhoM se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya loga apane vyaktivAcaka nAmoM ke sAtha mAtA kA nAma jor3ate the; jaise vAtsIputra, tevagIputra, vaihidarIputra, gotiputra Adi / 6 yahA~ se prApta eka pratimAlekha jo kuSANa saM0 79 arthAt vAsudeva ke zAsana kAla kA hai, I0 san kI gaNanA ke anusAra isa mUrti kI pratiSThA 79+78 = 157 I0 meM huI thii| isa lekha meM deva1. smitha-pUrvokta, pR0 5 / 2. vahI, pR0 5 / 3. vahI, pR0 6 / 4. caudharI, gulAbacandra-jainazilAle vasaMgraha, bhAga 3, prastAvanA, pR0 14 / 5. vahI, pR0 14 / 6. vahI, pR0 14 /

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uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrthaM nirmitavoddastUpa aisA nAma (ukta stUpa kA ) diyA gayA hai|' arthAt isa samaya taka loga isake vAstavika nirmAtA ko bhUla gaye the aura use devoM dvArA nirmita mAnane lage the / 2 16 vIM - 17 vIM zatAbdI ke tibbatI itihAsakAra lAmA tArAnAtha ke anusAra mauryakalA, yakSakalA kahalAtI thI aura isase pUrva kI kalA devanirmita / isa AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne isa stUpa ko 5vIM- 6ThIM zatI IsApUrva kA mAnA hai / parantu yahA~ se prApta abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para ise IsApUrva dUsarI zatI ke pahale kA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA | 19 zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya meM kAlavezika muni, rAjarSizaMkha 5, Arya maMgu, Arya rakSita, " sAdhvI kuberA, mithyAdRSTi purohita indradatta', vasahapuSyamitra, ghRtapuSyamitra, durbalikapuSyamitra, 10 zreSThI jinadatta, " zrAvaka surendradatta 12 aura usakI patnI rAjavidha Adi ke bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / paramparAnusAra ye mathurA nagarI se sambandhita the / jinaprabhasUri dvArA 'mathurApurIkalpa' ke antargata inakA nAmollekha karanA svAbhAvika hI hai / granthakAra ne isa nagarI ke 5 laukika tIrthoM, 5 sthaloM evaM 12 vanoM kA jo nAmollekha kiyA hai, unake bAre meM brAhmaNIya paramparA 1. vijayamUrti paM0 - jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhAGka 59 | 2. caudharI, gulAbacandra - pUrvokta, pR0 8 / 102 3. vahI, pR0 8 / 4. mehatA aura candrA - pUrvokta, pR0 172 / 5. vahI, pR0 590 / 6. vahI, pR0 590 / 7. vahI, pR0 590 tathA 616 / 8. jaina sAhitya meM anyatra sAdhvI kuberA kA ullekha nahIM milatA, kevala jinaprabhasUri ne apane vivaraNa meM kuberA ko yahAM stUpa nirmita karane kA zreya diyA hai / 9. mehatA aura candrA - pUrvokta, pR0 590 / 10. vahI, pR0 479 / 11. vahI, pR0 285 / 12 . vahI, pR0 836 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana ke granthoM meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne isa vivaraNa ko ukta paramparA ke AdhAra para hI ullikhita kiyA hogaa| 8. ratnavAhapura-kalpa bhagavAn dharmanAtha jaina paramparA meM 15veM tIrthaGkara ke rUpa meM mAnya haiN| unakA janma kozala janapada ke antargata ratnavAhapura nAmaka nagarI meM huA thA, isI kAraNa yaha sthAna jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM vikhyAt haa| jinaprabhasari ne bhI kalpapradIpa meM isa nagarI ko . ratnavAhapura nAma se eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM--- ___ jambUdvIpa bhAratavarSa ke kozala janapada ke antargata ghAgharA nadI ke taTa para ratnavAhapura nAmaka eka nagarI hai| vahA~ ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA bhAnu ke putra ke rUpa meM 15veM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn dharmanAtha kA janma huaa| unake mAtA kA nAma suvratA thaa| dharmanAtha kI dIkSA aura kevalajJAna kalyANaka bhI isI nagarI meM sampanna hue aura sammetzikhara para unakA nirvANa huaa| bahuta kAloparAnta eka nAgakumAra (jisakI kathA bhI granthakAra ne saMkSipta rUpa se isI kalpa ke antargata ullikhita kI hai) ne bhagavAn dharmanAtha kA eka caityAlaya banavAyA, jisameM nAgamUrti yukta dharmanAtha kI pratimA virAjamAna hai| dharmanAtha ke zAsana devatA kinnara aura zAsana devI kandarpA kA bhI granthakAra ne ullekha kiyA hai| dharmanAtha ke janmasthAna, mAtA-pitA, paMcakalyANaka Adi ke sambandha meM graMthakAra ne jo sUcanA dI hai vaha pUrva-paramparA para AdhA 1. kANe, pI0 vI0-dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, (hindI anuvAda) bhAga 3, pR0 1400-1505; gupta, sarayU prasAda-mahAbhArata tathA purANoM ke tIrthoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 139 /

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104 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha rita hai|' nAgakumAra ke sambandha meM jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita kathAnaka jaina sAhitya meM anyatra ullikhita nahIM hai, ataH isa kathA kA srota kyA hai ? yaha kahanA kaThina hai| jahA~ taka jinAlaya aura usameM rakhI pratimA kA prazna hai, yaha to spaSTa hai ki ukta pratimA Aja lapta hai| 17vIM zatI ke zvetAmbara AcArya jayasAgara ne yahA~ do mandiroM kI carcA kI hai aura batalAyA hai ki inameM eka caraNapAdukA aura 3 jina-pratimAyeM virAjamAna haiM / saubhAgya vijaya ( 17vIM zatI I0 san ) ne bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki 17vIM zatI meM bhI yaha sthAna tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha thaa| vartamAna meM yahA~ donoM sampradAyoM ke do-do jinAlaya haiM, parantu ye jinAlaya aura unameM pratiSThApita pratimAyeM bartamAna yuga kI haiN| ratnavAhapura ko phaijAbAda-bArAbaMkI relamArga para sthita sohAvala sTezana se 2 kimI0 dUra sarayU nadI ke taTa para sthita ronAhI nAmaka grAma se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / " 9. vArANasInagarI-kalpa vArANasI nagarI kAzI janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura bhAratavarSa kI ati prAcIna nagariyoM meM eka hai| pahale isakA nAma kAzI thA, kintu bAda meM vArANasI nAma pracalita huaa| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI tathA yahA~ se sambandhita aneka kathAnakoM kA 1. Avazyakaniyukti-383; rayaNapure dhammajiNo bhANuNariMdeNa suvvadAe ya / mAghasidaterasIe jAdo pussammi Nakkhatte // tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 540 .........dharmastasthA ratnapure prasUta: / - varAGgacarita 27/84 dharmazca dadhiparNazca bhAnurAjazca suvratA / puSyo ratnapuraM so'drirdha buddhi dadAtu vaH // harivaMzapurANa 60 / 196 2. vijayadharmasUri-prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha pR0 37 3. vahI, pR0 37 4. jaina, balabhadra--bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, khaMDa 1, pR0 160-62 5. vijayadharmasUri-pUrvokta, pR0 37

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 105 vistRta ullekha milatA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra 7veM tIrthaGkara supArzvanAtha evaM 23veM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA isa nagarI meM janma huA, isIlie yaha nagarI eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha huI / jinaprabhasUri ne bhI kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa nagarI kA eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai aura isake sambandha meM jaina paramparA aura anuzrutiyoM ke rUpa meM pracalita kathAnakoM evaM isakI samasAmayika sthiti kA sundara varNana kiyA hai / unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM 'dakSiNArddha bharatakSetra ke madhya khaMDa meM kAzI janapada sthita hai, jisakI rAjadhAnI vArANasI uttaravAhinI gaMgA ke taTa para basI huI hai / varuNA aura asI nAma kI do nadiyA~ yahA~ gaMgA meM milatI haiM, isIlie isakA nAma vArANasI par3A / 7veM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn supArzvanAtha aura 23veM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA isa nagarI meM janma huA / supArzva - nAtha ke pitA kA nAma supratiSTha aura mAtA kA nAma pRthvIdevI thA / pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma azvasena aura mAtA kA nAma vAmAdevI thaa| isI nagarI meM rahane vAle jayaghoSa evaM vijayaghoSa nAmaka do brAhmaNa bhrAtAoM ne prasaMgavaza jaina muni kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / nanda nAmaka eka nAvika ne muni dharmaruci kI virAdhanA kI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa usane chipakalI, haMsa aura siMha ke rUpa meM janma liyA tathA anta meM isI nagarI kA rAjA huA / eka bAra pichale janmoM kA smaraNa Ane para usane muni dharma ruci se dIkSA le lI / isI nagarI ke tinduka udyAna meM rahane vAle bala nAmaka eka jaina muni ne brAhmaNoM dvArA kiye gaye upahAsoM ko sahana kiyA, bAda meM brAhmaNoM ne unase apane kukRtyoM ke liye kSamA mAMgI | Avazyaka niyukti meM yahA~ se sambandhita do kathAyeM haiM - pahalI kathA nandazrI nAmaka eka jaina sAdhvI kI hai aura dUsarI dharmaghoSa evaM dharmayaza nAmaka jaina muniyoM kI / ayodhyA ke rAjA harizcandra apanA rAjya dAna meM dekara isa nagarI meM apanI patnI aura putra ke sAtha vikrayArtha Aye / yahA~ kITa pataMga, pApI manuSya, caturvidha hatyA karane vAle manuSya Adi sabhI mRtyoparAnta zivapada ( mokSa ) prApta karate haiM / isa nagarI

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106 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha meM brAhmaNa, parivrAjaka, jaTAdhArI, yogI tathA cAroM dizAoM se Ave hue loga nivAsa karate haiM; jo rasavidyA, dhAtuvidyA, khananavidyA, mantra - zAstra, tarkazAstra, nimittazAstra, nATaka, alaMkAra, jyotiSa Adi ke jJAtA haiM / yaha nagarI cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai prathama - devavArANasI - jahA~ vizvanAtha kA mandira hai, usameM 24 tIrthaGkaroM se yukta eka pASANa - paTTa bhI rakhA huA hai / -. dvitIya - rAjadhAnIvArANasI - jahA~ yavana loga rahate haiM / tRtIya- madanavArANasI aura caturtha - vijayavArANasI / yahA~ aneka laukika tIrtha bhI haiM / daNDakhAta tAlAba ke nikaTa bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA janma sthAna hai / yahA~ se tIna koza dUra dharmekSAstUpa evaM bauddha mandira haiM tathA ar3hAI yojana para candraprabhasvAmI kA janmasthAna candrapurI sthita hai / " vArANasI nagarI kAzI janapada kI rAjadhAnI thI / " yaha Aja bhI uttaravAhinI gaMgAtaTa para sthita hai / isa nagarI kA nAma vArANasI kyoM par3A ? isa sambandha meM jaina sAhitya meM koI carcA nahIM milatI / granthakAra ne isa sambandha meM jo kAraNa batalAye haiM, ve brAhmaNIya paramparA ke purANoM meM milate haiM, ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki isa bAta ko unhoMne vahIM se liyA hogA / sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha aura teisaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke 1. prajJApanA 37; nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 2, pR0 466; sUtrakRtAMgavRtti (zIlAMka) pR0 123 2. kANe, pI0 vI0 -- dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ( hindI anuvAda ) khaMDa 3, pR0 1343; pANDeya, rAjabalI - hindUdharmakoza, pR0 586; purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, pR0 385-86

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 107 janmasthAna, mAtA-pitA Adi ke sambandha meM granthakAra ne jo sUcanA dI hai vaha bhI pUrva paramparA' para AdhArita hai| jayaghoSa evaM vijayaghoSa nAmaka brAhmaNa tapasviyoM ke sambandha meM hameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra, usakI niyukti aura cUrNI meM savistAra vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra nanda nAvika ke sambandha meM jisa kathA kA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai vaha vistAra-pUrvaka hameM AvazyakacUrNI, AkhyAnakamaNikoza tathA usakI vRtti meM prApta hotA hai / 1. (i) supArzvanAtha gabbhagae jaM jaNaNI jAya supAsA tao supaasjinno| jaNaNIe caMdapiyaNaMmi, Dohalo teNa cNdaabho|| Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra 1090 / / vAraNasIe puhavIsupaiTThIhiM supAsadevo ya / jeTussa sukkabArasidiNammi jAdo visAhAe / tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 532 vArANasau tau ca supArzvapAzvauM ......... / varAGgacarita 27 / 83 pRthivI supratiSTho'sya kAzI vA nagarI giriH / sa vizAkhA zirISazca supArzvazca jinezvaraH / / harivaMzapurANa 60 / 188 (ii) pArzvanAtha Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra 221-232; 299, 384-390 teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pAse arahA purisAdANIe je se hemaMtANaM docce mAse tacce pakkhe posabahule tassa NaM posabahulassa dasamIpakhaNaM navaNhaM mAsANaM bahupaDipuNNANaM addhaTThamANaM rAiMdiyANaM viikkaMtANaM........., jAva taM hou NaM kumAre pAse nAmeNaM // kalpasUtra-151 hayaseNavammilAhiM jAdo hi vANArasIe pAsa jinno| pUsassa bahalaekkArasie rikkhe visAhAe // tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 548 vArANasI ca varmA ca vizAkhA ca dhvaaNhripH| azvasenanRpaH pArzva sammedazca mude'stu vaH // harivaMzapurANa 60 / 204 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 25 / 2-3, 5-6; uttarAdhyayananiyukti, pR0 521; uttarAdhyayanacUrNI, pR0 268 3. AvazyakacUNI, pUrva bhAga, pR0 516 / 4. AkhyAnakamaNikoza (mUla tathA vRtti, racanAkAla vi0 saM0 12vIM zatI) pR0 220 (prakA0 prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, ahamadAbAda / )

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108 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki granthakAra dvArA ullikhita uparokta donoM kathAnaka jaina paramparA para AdhArita haiN| jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita bala nAmaka muni kI kathA kA ullekha uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 12veM adhyAya meM hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki brAhmaNoM dvArA kabhI-kabhI nimna jAtiyoM se dIkSita hone vAle jaina muniyoM kA nirAdara bhI kiyA jAtA thA aura ve loga use zAMtipUrvaka sahana karate the| saMbhavataH sAdhanA meM jAti ke sthAna para tapa ke mahattva ko darzAne vAlA eka Adarza kathAnaka hone se jinaprabha ne ise ullikhita kiyA hai| ___AvazyakacUse kI jina do kathAoM kA graMthakAra ne ullekha kiyA hai, ve Aja bhI usI rUpa meM Avazyakaniyukti tathA usakI cUrNI' meM pAyI jAtI hai| ayodhyA ke rAjA harizcaMdra ke bAre meM kalpapradIpa ke atirikta jaina sAhitya meM anyatra koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| brAhmaNIya paramparA ke purANoM meM harizcandra kI kathA prApta hotI hai / 2 graMthakAra ne nizcaya hI unhIM ke AdhAra para yaha kathA ullikhita kI hai|| __ kAzI-mAhAtmya ke sambandha meM jo mAnyatA brAhmaNIya paramparA meM pracalita rahI hai, usakA granthakAra ne svAbhAvika hI khaMDana kiyA hai / jaina paramparA meM karma sambandhI mAnyatA, brAhmaNIya paramparA meM pracalita karma sambandhI mAnyatA se bhinna hai ataH eka jaina dharmAvalambI muni dvArA aisI mAnyatAoM kA khaMDana karanA asvAbhAvika nahIM lgtaa| isa nagarI meM basane vAle brAhmaNoM tathA parivrAjakoM kI eka bar3I saMkhyA kA granthakAra ne jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha yahAM Aja bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| __jinaprabha ke isa vivaraNa kI sabase ullekhanIya bAta hai vArANasI nagarI kA cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjana / anyatra isa prakAra ke kisI vibhA. 1. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1302-1306; AvazyakacUrNI -uttara bhAga, pR0 202-204 / 2. pANDeya, rAjabalI-~-purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, prathama bhAga, pR0 473 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 109. jana kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA, ataH yaha vivaraNa atyanta mahattva - pUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai / devavArANasI ke antargata unhoMne vizvanAtha ke mandira kI carcA kI hai aura batAyA hai ki isa mandira meM caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM se yukta eka pASANaphalaka rakhA hai| caturazItimahAtIrthanAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata unhoMne vizvanAtha maMdira ke madhya meM candraprabha kI pratimA hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / " vArANasI kA vartamAna vizvanAtha maMdira to 18vIM zatI meM banA hai / ho sakatA hai ki prAcIna kAzIvizvanAtha maMdira meM jinapratimAyukta koI pASANakhaMDa rahA ho / phira bhI eka brAhmaNIya paramparA ke maMdira meM jaina pratimAoM kA rakhA jAnA sAdhAraNatayA asvAbhAvika hI pratIta hotA hai, kintu ise asambhava bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / rAjadhAnIvArANasI jahAM yavanoM ke nivAsa karane kA ullekha hai, vartamAna meM alaIpura ke AsapAsa kA kSetra ho sakatA hai| yahAM Aja bhI musalamAnoM kI AbAdI adhika hai / vArANasI kA vartamAna madana purA muhallA hI madanavArANasI ho sakatA hai | vijayavArANasI vartamAna meM chAvanI ( kainTonamenTa kSetra) ho sakatA hai| cU~ki prAcIna kAla meM zahara ke bAhara vijayaskandhAvAra, jise chAvanI bhI kahA jAtA thA, sthApita kiye jAte rahe / isI AdhAra para yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki vArANasI kA vartamAna kainTa kSetra, jise chAvanI bhI kahate haiM, vijayavArANasI ho sakatA hai / vArANasI nagarI ke aneka tAlAboM evaM daNDakhAta nAmaka tAlAba ke nikaTa sthita pArzvanAtha ke maMdira kA ullekha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / Aja bhI isa nagarI meM aneka pakke tAlAba haiM / daNDakhAta tAlAba ke nikaTa jo pArzvanAtha kA maMdira batalAyA gayA hai, use vartamAna bhelUpura muhalle meM sthita pArzvanAtha maMdira ke hI sthAna para mAnanA cAhie / yahA~ mandira ke jIrNoddhAra hetu karAyI jA rahI khudAI meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI eka bhavya evaM prAcIna pratimA tathA kucha anya jaina pratimAyeM tathA kalAkRtiyAM prApta huI haiM / khudAI karate samaya asAvadhAnI se pArzvanAtha kI pratimA khaMDita ho gayI / prAcIna bhAratIya 1. vArANasyAM vizvezvaramadhye zrIcandraprabhaH / vividhatIrthaMkalpa, pR0 85 / 1

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110 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha sthApatyakalA ke prasiddha adhyetA pro0 ema. e. DhAkI ne isa durlabha pratimA ko I0san kI 5vIM zatI kA tathA anya kalAkRtiyoM ko 9vIM aura 11vIM zatI kA batalAyA hai| maMdira ke vyavasthApakoM kI ajJAnatAvaza yahA~ khudAI se prApta aneka mUlyavAn jaina kalAkRtiyAM maMdira kI nIMva meM DAla dI gyiiN| yahAM se prApta purAvazeSoM ke AdhAra para yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki Aja jahAM pArzvanAtha kA maMdira hai, vahIM 5vIM zatAbdI meM bhI rahA hogaa| dantakhAta tAlAba kI sthiti bhI yahIM Asa-pAsa mAnI jA sakatI hai| jinaprabhasUri ke vArANasI nagarI sambandhI ukta vivaraNa meM ullekhanIya tathya yaha hai ki unhoMne yahAM supAzrvanAtha ke janma hone kI bAta to kahI hai, parantu yahAM ke kisI sthAna-vizeSa se usakI pahacAna, usakI avasthiti athavA supArzvanAtha kA koI maMdira-smAraka Adi kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / isI prakAra ve vartamAna sAranAtha sthita bauddha Ayatana-dharmekSAsaMniveza (dhamekhastUpa ) kI to carcA karate haiM, parantu vahIM zreyAMsanAtha ke janmasthAna ke rUpa meM Aja pratiSThita sthAna kA koI nirdeza nahIM krte| vArANasI se dharmekSAstUpa (dhamekhastUpa ) aura bauddha maMdira kI dUrI bhI vahI hai jo jinaprabhasUri ne batalAyI hai / unhoMne candrapurI nagarI ko vArANasI se ar3hAI yojana dUra batalAyA hai jo vartamAna meM bhI lagabhaga 32 kilomITara hotA hai| madhyayugIna tIrtha-yAtriyoM ne bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai|' vArANasI meM Ama zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke 20 se adhika jinAlaya haiM, parantu ve sabhI arvAcIna haiM / 10. vindhyAcala parvata vindhyaparvatamAlA sAmAnya rUpa se bihAra prAnta kI pazcimI sImA se prArambha hokara aneka zAkhAoM-prazAkhAoM meM vibhakta hokara dakSiNapazcima dizA meM gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a taka pahu~catI hai aura isa prakAra 1. vijayadharmasUri-prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, pR0 13-15 / 2. tIrtha-darzana khaMDa 1, pR0 82-84 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 111 yaha prAyaH sampUrNa madhyapradeza meM phailI huI hai| vartamAna meM mirjApura zahara se 6 kimI0 dUra sthita pahAr3I, jahA~ vindhyavAsinI devI kA eka mahimna maMdira hai, vindhyAcala ke nAma se abhihita kI jAtI hai| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata isa parvata kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ muni suvrata aura zrIgupta ke jinAlayoM ke hone kI bAta kahI hai| ____ jaina sAhitya meM vindhyAcala parvata kA ullekha to hai, parantu jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM jinaprabha ke alAvA kisI anya jaina granthakAra ne isakA ullekha hI nahIM kiyA hai| parantu yaha rocaka hai vindhyavAsinI devI ke maMdira aura usake AsapAsa kI pahAr3iyoM para yatra-tatra aneka jina pratimAoM ke bhagnAvazeSa mile haiN| isase jinaprabhasUri kI mAnyatA kA svataH hI samarthana hotA hai aura hameM yaha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki unake samaya meM yahA~ nizcita rUpa se kucha jinAlaya vidyamAna raheM hoNge| 11. zrAvastInagarI-kalpa zrAvastI kuNAlA janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura prAcIna bhArata kI prasiddha nagarI thii| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isake bAre meM varNana prApta hotA hai / buddha aura mahAvIra ne yahAM vihAra kiyA thaa| jaina mAnyatAnusAra yahAM tIsare tIrthaGkara bhagavAn sambhavanAtha kA janma huA thA, isIlie yaha nagarI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha huii| jinaprabhasari ne kalpapradIpa meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha karate huye isa nagarI ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM pracalita kathAnakoM kI carcA kI hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM1. bhagavatIsUtra 3, 2 / 144; 14, 81528; paramacariu 10 / 27; 31 / 100; AdipurANa 29 / 88 / 2. munikAntisAgara-khoja kI paMgaDaMDiyAM (bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA I0 san 1960 prakAzita), pR0 222-27 / muni jI ne ina avazeSoM ko I0 san 5vIM zatI se 12vIM zatI taka kA batalAyA hai|

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112 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha "dakSiNArddha bhAratavarSa ke kuNAlA janapada meM zrAvastI nAmaka nagarI aba 'maheTha' ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yahA~ tIsare tIrthaGkara sambhavanAtha ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA aura kevalajJAna ye cAra kalyANaka sampanna hue haiN| 24veM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra svAmI ne apanA eka varSAvAsa isI nagarI meM vyatIta kiyaa| yahIM ke tinduka nAmaka udyAna meM mahAvIra svAmI ke gaNadhara gautama aura pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke anuyAyI kezIkumAra ke madhya saiddhAntika niyamoM kI carcA huii| mahAvIra kA ziSya aura unakI putrI priyadarzanA kA pati jAmAli isI nagarI meM sthita koSThaka caitya meM prathama nihnava huaa| kauzAmbI nareza jitazatru ke purohita kAzyapa aura unakI patnI yakSA ko kapila nAmaka eka putra thaa| pitA ke mRtyoparAnta vaha unake mitra indradatta upAdhyAya, jo zrAvastI meM rahate the, ke pAsa adhyayanArtha gayA aura vahA~ zAlibhadra nAmaka eka zreSThI ke ghara rahane lgaa| kapila vahA~ para apanI sevA ke liye niyukta dAsI para Asakta ho gayA aura usake kathanAnusAra do mAse svarNa kI yAcanA karane lgaa| usI samaya use jJAna utpanna ho gayA aura svayaMbuddha kA pada prApta kiyA evaM bAda meM 500 coroM ko pratibodha dekara siddhi prApta kii| yahA~ ke rAjA jitazatru aura rAnI dhAriNI ke putra skandAcArya kA isI nagarI meM janma haa| eka bAra skandAcArya apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha kumbhakAra-kaDa nagara jA rahe the jahA~ pAlaka ne inheM aura inake sabhI ziSyoM ko kolha meM pilA diyaa| isI nagarI ke eka anya rAjA jitazatru ke putra bhadra ne pravajyA le lI aura ghUmate-ghUmate zatrudeza meM calA gayA jahA~ rAjapuruSoM dvArA use cora samajha kara usake zarIra para kAMToM vAlI ghAsa se sparza karA aMga-bhaMga kiyA gyaa| parantu isa prakAra kaSTa pAte hae unheM mukti prApta ho gyii| rAjagaha Adi nagariyoM kI bhAMti isa nagarI meM bhI brahmadatta kA Agamana huA thaa| isI nagarI meM ajitasenAcArya kA ziSya kSullakakumAra prasaMgavaza apane patnI, yUvarAja, sArthavAha aura mantrI ke sAtha pratibodhita haa| isa prakAra isa nagarI meM aneka ghaTanAyeM ghaTita ho cukI haiN|" jaina paramparAnusAra sambhavanAtha tIsare tIrthaGkara the| inake mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna, kalyANaka Adi ke sambandha meM jaina

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 113 sAhitya' meM vistRta se carcA prApta hotI hai| mahAvIra kA kaI bAra isa nagarI meM Agamana huA aura apanA 10vA~ varSAvAsa bhI unhoMne yahIM vyatIta kiyA / 2 jaina granthoM meM yahAM sthita tinduka udyAna aura koSThaka caitya kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra se jJAta hotA hai ki tinduka udyAna meM hI mahAvIra ke pradhAna gaNadhara gautama svAmI aura pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke kezIkumAra ke madhya cAturyAma 1. [a] Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra-385 AvazyakasUtravRtti (malayagiri) pR0 237 aura Age [ba] sAvatthIe saMbhavadevo ya jidAriNA suseNAe / maggasirapuNNimAe jeTThArikkhammi saMjAdo / tiloyapaNNattI 4528 zrAvastikaH syAjjina saMbhavazca / / varAGgacarita (jaTAsiMhanaMdi) 27182 zrAvastI saMbhava: senA jitAriH zAla paadpH| jyeSThA nakSatramenAMsi saMmedazca punantu vaH // harivaMzapurANa (jinasena) 60 / 184 dvIpe'smin bhArate varSe zrAvastinagarezinaH / uttaraparANa (guNabhadra) 49 / 14 sambhave tava lokAnAM zaM bhavatyadya zambhava / vahI 49 / 20 2. sAvatthIe vAsaM cittatavo sANulaTThi bahiM // Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra-495 tadanantaraM bhagavAn zrAvastyAM varSa-dazamaM varSA rAtraM kRtavAn, ...... / AvazyakasUtravRtti (malayagiri) pR0 287 aura Age 3. tinduyaM nAma ujjANaM / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23 / 4 koTThagaM nAma ujjANaM / vahI, 23 / 8 / / ......... sAmiNA aNaNuNNAto sAvatthi gato paMcasataparivAro, tattha teMdugujjANe koTThage cetite samosar3ho, ......... / . AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 416 4. aha te tattha sIsANaM vinnAya pavitakkiyaM / .. samAgame kayamaI ubhao kesi-goymaa|| uttarAdhyayanasUtra 23 / 14 .

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114 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha evaM paMcamahAvratoM ke sambandha meM aitihAsika carcA huii| mahAvIra kA jAmAtA aura ziSya jAmAli isI nagarI ke koSThaka caitya meM jaina siddhAntoM kI satyatA ke sambandha meM zaMkA prakaTa kara prathama nihnava huaa|' yaha ghaTanA mahAvIra ke kaivalya-prApti ke 14 varSoM pazcAt ghaTita huI mAnI jAtI hai| kauzAmbI nareza jitazatru ke purohita kAzyapa-putra kapila ke sambandha meM jaina sAhitya meM vistAra se carcA hai isI prakAra jinaprabha dvArA skandAcArya, bhadra, brahmadatta aura kSallakakumAra Adi ke sambandha meM ullikhita kathAnakoM kI jaina paramparA meM vistAra se carcA prApta ho jAtI hai| parantu ye kathAnaka itihAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvahIna haiN| jinaprabha ne yahAM sthita sambhavanAtha jinAlaya aura use alAuddIna khilajI ke habbasa nAmaka senApati dvArA naSTa kiye jAne kI jo carcA kI hai| vaha ghaTanA unake samasAmayika hone ke kAraNa atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| unhoMne yahA~ sthita bauddha smArakoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| prAcIna kAla meM yaha nagarI bauddha dharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rhii| bauddhoM kA prasiddha jetavanavihAra bhI yahIM sthita thaa| cInI yAtriyoM ne bhI yahA~ bauddha saMghArAmoM ke upasthiti kI sUcanA dI hai| jinaprabha ne isa nagarI ke samudravaMzIya aura bauddha dharmAvalambI jina rAjAoM kA 1. jiTThA sudaMsaNa jamAli'Nujja sAvatthi tidugujjANe / paMca sayA ya sahassaM DhaMkeNa jamAli muttuNaM / / AvazyakabhASya-126 jamAliprabhavAnAM nivAnAM utpattisthAnaM zrAvastI, ......... / . AvazyakasUtravRtti (malayagiri) pR0 401 2. caudasa vAsANi tayA jiNaNa uppADiyassa nANassa / to bahurayANa TiTThI sAvatthI samuppannA // AvazyakabhASya-125 3. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, pR0 237-38 uttarAdhyayanacUrNI, pR0 169; 4. draSTavya-mehatA aura candrA-pUrvokta, pR0 780-81 / 5. malAlazekara-pAliprAparanemsa, bhAga 2, pR0 1126 / 6. vhii|

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 115 ullekha kiyA hai, ve sthAnIya sAmanta zAsaka rahe hoNge| granthakAra ke samaya isa nagarI kA nAma maheTha thA, Aja bhI ise saheTha-maheTha hI kahate haiM / yahA~ gahaDavAla yuga kA IMToM se nirmita eka dhvasta maMdira vidyamAna hai, jise zobhanAtha kA madira kahA jAtA hai| zobhanAtha saMbhavanAtha kA hI apabhraMza hai / isa maMdira kI khudAI se kaI tIrthaGkara pratimAyeM, stambha, toraNa Adi prApta hue haiN| sabhI purAvazeSa 9vIM se 12vIM zatI taka ke haiM aura Aja lakhanaU tathA matharA ke saMgrahAlayoM meM surakSita haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki 12vIM zatI taka yaha eka samRddha nagarI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rhii| muslima zAsana ke daurAna isakA mahattva kama hone lagA aura alAuddIna khilajI ke AkramaNa se to yaha nagarI sadaiva ke liye ujar3a gyii| __ uttara pradeza ke goMDA jilAntargata rAptI nadI (prAcIna acirAvatI) ke taTa para sthita yaha prAcIna nagarI Aja saheTha-maheTha ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai / yahA~ donoM sampradAyoM ke jinAlaya haiM, jo arvAcIna haiN| 12. zaurIpura jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata zaurIpura kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ neminAtha ke madira hone kI carcA kI hai| 1. dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI meM yahAM jaina dharmAvalambI zAsaka rAjya karate rahe / isI vaMza ke eka zAsaka 'suhRdadhvaja' ne mahamUda gajanavI ke sAlAra (senApati) ko parAsta kara mAra DAlA thA / (jainasatyaprakAza, varSa 7, pR0 278-282) / jinaprabhasUri dvArA isa rAjavaMza kA ullekha na karanA Azcaryajanaka hai| 2. AkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha iMDiyA-vArSika riporTa, I0 san 1907 -1908, pR0 82-131 / 3. vhii| 4. jaina, jagadIzacandra-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 40 /

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116 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 2 zaurIpura kuzAvataM janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii|" jaina paramparAnusAra " isa nagarI meM zrIkRSNa aura unake cacere bhAI neminAtha kA janma huA thA / jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / madhyayugIna zvetAmbara aura digambara" granthakAroM ne bhI isa nagarI kA ullekha kiyA hai / prasiddha zvetAmbarAcArya akabarapratibodhaka hIravijayasUri ke Agamana ke samaya isa tIrtha kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA gayA / yahA~ Asa-pAsa ke kSetroM se madhyayugIna jaina pratimAyeM bhI milI haiM, jinake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki madhya yuga meM yaha sthAna tIrthaM ke rUpa meM prasiddha rahA hogA / yahA~ zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke alagaalaga maMdira vidyamAna haiM / digambara maMdira kI pratiSThA vi0saM0 1724 meM bhaTTAraka vidyAbhUSaNa dvArA sampanna kI gaI, yaha bAta ukta maMdira meM utkIrNa lekha se jJAta hotI hai / ina mandiroM meM madhyayugIna aura navIna jina pratimAyeM pratiSThita haiM / " 1. prajJApanAsUtra - 37; sUtrakRtAGgavRtti (zIlAGka) pR0 123 2. [ a ] kalpasUtra - 171; tIrthodagArita - 511; oghaniyukti-vRtti ( droNAcArya), pR0 119 [ba] saurIpuramma jAdo sivadevIe samuha vijaeNa / vasAhaterasIe sidA cittAsu mijiNo // ariSTanemiH kila zaurya puryA 1 tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 547 varAGgacarita 27 / 85 nemiH sUryapuraM citrA samudravijaya: zivA / Urjayanto jayaM te'mI meSazRGgo dizantu vaH // harivaMzapurANa 60 / 203 3. mehatA aura candrA - pUrvokta, pR0 869 4. vijayadharmasUri - prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, pR0 38 5. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara - tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 177 6. jaina, balabhadra - bhAratavarSa ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga 1, pR0 74-76 7. vahI, pR0 71 / 8. vahI, pR0 71 73; tIrthadarzana - prathama khaMDa, pR0 127-29 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 117 yaha sthAna kAnapura-AgarA relamArga para sthita zikohAbAda sTezana se 14 mIla dUra 'baTezvara' nAmaka grAma ke nikaTa sthita hai|' 13. hastinApura-kalpa 'hastinApura' kuru janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura prAcIna bhAratavarSa kI pramukha nagariyoM meM se eka thii| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI kA vizad vivaraNa milatA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra yahA~ 16veM tIrthaGkara zAntinAtha, 17veM kunthunAtha aura 18veM aranAtha kA janma huA, isIliye yaha nagarI eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrtha para do svataMtra kalpa likhe haiM, jinameM isa tIrtha ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM pracalita mAnyatAoM kI carcA hai| unake donoM vivaraNoM-'hastinApurakalpa' aura 'hastinApuratIrthastava' meM prAyaH samAna bAtoM kI carcA hai, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai___ "RSabhadeva ke 100putroM meM eka kuru bhI the unhIM ke nAma para kurukSetra basAyA gyaa| kUru ke putra kA nAma hastin thA, jisane hastinApura nAmaka nagara bsaayaa| isI nagarI meM bAhubali ke putra zreyAMsanAtha ne RSabhadeva ko prathama pAraNA karAyA / zAntinAtha, kunthu. nAtha aura aranAtha, jo kramazaH 16veM, 17veM aura 18veM tIrthaGkara the, ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA aura kevalajJAna ye 4 kalyANaka isI nagarI meM sampanna hue| sammetazikhara se inhoMne nirvANa paayaa| inake paMca kalyANakoM kI tithiyA~ isa prakAra haiMcyavana bhAdrapada kRSNa 7, bhAdrapada zukla 9 aura phAlguna zukla 2 / jyeSTha kRSNa 13, baizAkha kRSNa 14 aura mArgazIrSa zukla 10 / dIkSA jyeSTha kRSNa 14, vaizAkha kRSNa 5 aura mAgha zukla 11 / 1. joharApurakara-pUrvokta, pR0 177 /

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118 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha kevalajJAna pauSa kRSNa 9, caitra zukla 3 aura Urja zukla 12 / nirvANa jyeSTha kRSNa 13, vaizAkha zukla 15 aura mArgazIrSa zukla 10 / isI nagarI meM viSNukumAra ne namuci ke rAjya ko 3 pagoM meM nApa liyA thaa| sanatkumAra, mahApadma, subhUma aura parazurAma Adi mahApuruSa, korava-pANDava Adi rAjA tathA gaMgadatta evaM kAttika zreSThI isI nagarI se sambandhita the / / yahA~ gagAtaTa para zAntinAtha, kuntha nAtha, aranAtha tathA ambAdevI ke caityAlaya haiN| zaka samvat 1253 vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ko maiMne (jina prabha ne) tIrthayAtrIsaMgha ke sAtha yahAM kI yAtrA kii|" jaina sAhitya meM RSabhadeva ke 100 putroM meM kuru kA, jinheM kurukSetra basAne kA zreya diyA jAtA hai, ullekha prApta hotA hai, parantu hastin kI jise jinaprabha ne kuru kA putra batalAyA hai, koI carcA prApta nahIM hotii| brAhmaNIya paramparAnusAra bharatadoSayanti ke putra hastin ke nAma para isa nagarI kA nAma hastinApura pdd'aa| jinaprabhasUri ne kuru aura hastin meM pitA-putra kA sambandha kisa AdhAra para sthApita kara diyA hai, kahA nahIM jA sktaa| isI prakAra zreyAMsanAtha, jinhoMne RSabhadeva ko prathama pAraNA karAyA thA, kisake putra the? isa prazna para jaina granthakAroM meM matabheda hai| AvazyakacUrNI meM unheM RSabhadeva kA pautra aura bharata cakravartI kA putra batalAyA gayA hai| isake vipa. rIta AvazyakavRtti (malayagiri-12vIM zatI) meM unheM bAhubali kA 1. kalpasUtravRtti (dharmasAgara) pR0 151 kalpasUtravRtti (vinayavijaya) pR0 336 2. pANDeya, rAjabalI-purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, pR0 476 3. chaumattho ya barisaM bahalI DabaillehiM vihariUNaM gajapuraM gato, tattha bharahassa putto sejjaMso---- AvazyakacarNI, pUrva bhAga, pR0 162 kurujaNavae gayapuraM nAma nagaraM, tadhtha bAhubaliputto, somappabho rAyA, tassa putro sejjaMso juvraayaa| AvazyakavRtti (malayagiri) pR0 217

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 119 pautra aura somaprabha kA putra batalAyA gayA hai, jabaki jinaprabha ne unheM bAhubali kA putra batalAyA hai| ___ zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha aura aranAtha ke janma Adi kalyANakoM sambandhI vivaraNa jaina paramparA para AdhArita haiN| donoM sampradAyoM ke granthoM meM inakA vistAra se ullekha milatA hai|' jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita viSNukumAra aura namuci sambandhI kathA kI carcA zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM milatI hai| yaha kathA brAhmaNIya paramparA meM pracalita viSNu aura bali kI kathA kA jaina rUpAntara hai / jainoM ne bali ko namuci kahA hai| ___ zvetAmbara jaina paramparA' meM sanatkumAra, mahApadma aura subhUma kI gaNanA cothe, AThaveM aura nave cakravartI ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai aura unheM isI nagarI se sambandhita batalAyA gayA hai| jinaprabhasUri ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| isI prakAra parazurAma kI kathA AvazyakacUrNI" aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM prApta hotI hai / pANDava pANDu ke putra aura hastinApura ke rAjA the| jaina granthoM meM inake bAre meM vistAra se carcA milatI hai| 1. [a] tIrthodagArita-505-70; uttarAdhyayanavRtti ( kamalasaMyama ) . pR0 332 [ba] tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 540-43 arazca kunthuzca tathaiva zAntistrayo'pi te nAgapure prasUtAH // varAGgacarita 27 / 85 harivaMzapurANa 60 / 197-199 uttarApurANa 64 / 12; 65 / 14; 63 / 343 2. amaracandra-hastinApura (vArANasI 1952) pR0 20-21 / 3. sekreDa buksa oNpha da IsTa-jilda 45, pR0 86, pAdaTippaNI 1 meM jaikobI kA mt| 4. mehatA aura candrA-pUrvokta, pR0 873 / 5. AvazyakacUrNI-pUrvabhAga, pR0 520-521 / 6. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-3575 / / 7. mehatA aura candrA-pUrvokta, pR0 873 /

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120 uttara bhArata ke jaina tIrtha gaMgadatta aura kArtika zreSThI ke sambandha meM bhagavatIsUtra meM vistAra se vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / vahA~ inheM hastinApura kA nivAsI batalAyA gayA hai| inhoMne munisuvrata se dIkSA lI aura mokSa prApta kiyaa|' jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai jinaprabhasUri ne zaka saM0 1253 vaizAkha zukla 6 ko saMgha ke sAtha isa tIrtha kI yAtrA kI thii| kanyAnayanIyamahAvIrakalpaparizeSa se jo unake ziSya vidyAtilaka dvArA likhita hai, jJAta hotA hai ki jinaprabha ne hastinApura tIrtha kI yAtrA cAhar3azAha ke putra bohittha ke tIrthayAtrI saMgha ke sAtha kI thI aura isa yAtrA ke liye unhoMne svayaM sultAna muhammadatugalaka se pharamAna bhI prApta kiyA thaa| __ graMthakAra ne apane samaya meM yahAM gaMgAtaTa para zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha aura ambikA devI ke caityAlaya hone kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| aisA bhI ullekha milatA hai ki isa yAtrA ke daurAna unhoMne jinAlayoM meM mUrtiyAM bhI pratiSThita kii|' yadyapi yahA~ Aja jinaprabhasUri ke samaya kA koI jinAlaya to vidyamAna nahIM hai phira bhI yahAM para jo utkhanana kArya hue haiM unase spaSTa hotA hai ki 14vIM zatI meM yahAM jaina dharma vidyamAna thaa| isa sambandha meM yahAM se utkhanana meM prApta RSabhadeva kI dhyAnAvasthita pratimA kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| paravartI kAla meM bhI yahAM jainoMkAastitva rahA, kyoMki uttara-madhyayugIna jaina granthakAroM ne isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai| vartamAna meM yahAM zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke alaga-alaga jinAlaya haiM jo vartamAna yuga ke haiN| yaha tIrtha meraTha jile meM abasthita hai aura Aja bhI apane purAne nAma se hI prasiddha hai / 1. bhagavatIsUtra 16 / 5 / 577; 18 / 2 / 618 / 2. draSTavya-kalpapradIpa (vividhatIrthakalpa) ke antargata "kanyAnayanIyamahA viirprtimaaklp"| 3. enzenTa iMDiyA, jilda 10, pR0 90 / 4. vijayadharmasUri,-prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha pR0 39-40 / 5. tIrthadarzana-khaMDa 1, pR0 120-123 / 6. jaina, jagadIzacandra-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 46 /

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pATaliputra madhyapradeza pUrva bhArata ( baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA ) kuNDagrAma bihAra rAjagRha gaMgAnadI campApurI pAvApurI vaibhAragiri ur3IsA koTizilA sammetazi 2? Andhrapradeza kliMga mahAnadI mahendraparvata gaMjAma koTivarSa baMgAla

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jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, isa adhyAya meM pUrva bhArata [ bihAra, baMgAla aura ur3IsA ] ke tIrthoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| aba ina prAntoM ke tIrthoM kA alaga-alaga varNakramAnusAra vivaraNa prastuta hai [ a ] bihAra 1 - kuNDagrAma 2 - koTizilA 3 campApurI 24 - pATaliputra 5 - pAvApurI 6 - mithilA 7 - vaibhAragiri a--- sammetazikhara a- bihAra 1 - kuNDagrAma 2 - koTizilA 3 - campApurI 4 - pATaliputra adhyAya - 6 pUrva bhArata [ba] baMgAla 1 - koTibhUmi 2 - puNDra parvata pUrva bhArata [sa] ur3IsA 1 - kaliGga deza 2- mAhendra parvata 5 - pAvApurI 6 - mithilA 7 - vaibhAragiri 8 - sammetazikhara 1. kuNDagrAma jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata mahAvIra svAmI ke janmasthAna kuNDagrAma kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ eka jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI hai /

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122 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha mahAvIra svAmI kA vaizAlI ke eka upanagara kuNDagrAma meM janma huA thA, unake pitA siddhArtha kuNDapura ke rAjA the aura unakI mAtA trizalA vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI bahana thiiN| mahAvIra ke samaya kuNDapura do bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA, eka brAhmaNakuNDapura kahalAtA thA aura dUsarA ksstriykRnnddpur| isI kSatriyakuNDapura meM mahAvIra kA janma huA thA / kuNDapura ko prAyaH kuNDagrAma ke nAma se bhI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| kuNDapura kI bhaugolika sthiti ke bAre meM uttarakAlIna jaina paramparA meM bhrAnti pAyI jAtI hai|' digambara paramparA meM unakA janmasthAna nAlandA ke samIpa kuNDalapura ko mAnA gayA hai| jaba ki zvetAmbara sampradAya ne mugera jile meM sthita lachuAr3a ke samIpa kSatriyakuNDa ko unakI janmabhUmi hone kA sammAna diyA hai / 3 vastutaH jaina AgamoM aura purANoM meM unakI janmabhUmi ke sambandha meM jo ullekha prApta hote haiM ve ukta donoM sthAnoM meM se kisIse sabandhita nahIM lagate / donoM hI paramparAoM meM mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuDapura ko videha janapada meM sthita mAnA gayA hai aura isIlie unheM videhaputra, videhasukumAra Adi upanAma diye gaye haiM tathA spaSTa rUpa se yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki unake gRhastha jIvana ke 30 varSa videha meM hI vyatIta hue| jisaprakAra kozala ke nivAsI hone se RSabhadeva kozalIya kahe jAte rahe, usI prakAra vaizAlI ke nivAsI hone ke kAraNa mahAvIra ko bhI "vaizAlIya' upAdhi sahita AgamoM meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / isI liye Adhunika vidvAna isa samaya mAnya donoM kuNDagrAmoM meM kisI ko bhI sahI na mAna kara vaizAlI ko hI mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi mAnate haiM / vaizAlI kI pahacAna mujaphpharapura jile ke basAr3ha nAmaka sthAna se kI 1. upAdhyAya, baladeva-"bhagavAn mahAvIraH vaizAlI kI divya vibhUti" vaizAlIabhinandanagrantha, pR0 237-242 2. jaina hIrAlAla-bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 22 3. dUgar3a, hIrAlAla-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmasthAna-kSatriyakuMDa (magadha janapada) pR0 35 4. vaizAlIabhinandanagrantha, pR0 240 5. muni kalyANavijaya-zramaNabhagavAnmahAvIra ( kalyANa vijaya zAstra saMgraha samiti, jAlora, vi0 saM0 1998 / I0 san 1941 ) bhUmikA, pR0 25-28

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jaina tIthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 123 jAtI hai| yahAM rAjA vizAla kA gar3ha nAmaka eka TIle se aneka prAcIna avazeSa mile haiM / isI ke samIpa hI vasukuMDa nAmaka eka grAma hai, jahA~ ke nivAsI paramparA se eka sthala ko bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi mAnate Aye hai aura usapara kabhI hala nahIM calAyA gayA hai| vaizAlI se prApta eka muhara para "vaizAlI nAma kuNDe"likhA hai| ina saba pramANoM ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne isI vasukuMDa ko prAcIna kuNDagrAma aura mahAvIra kI saccI janmabhUmi mAnI hai| jahA~ taka jinaprabhasari ke ullekha kA kA prazna hai, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne sahaja hI kuMDagrAma kA ullekha kiyA hai aura vahA~ mahAvIra ke jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI hai, parantu usakI bhaugolika sthiti ke bAre meM ve mauna haiN| kuNDagrAma ke nAmollekhamAtra ke AdhAra para yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki 14vIM zatI meM prAcIna aura vAstavika kuNDagrAma kI hI janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM mAnyatA thI athavA usake sthAna para naye kuNDagrAmoM kI kalpanA kara lI gayI thI! 2. koTizilA tIrtha digambara jaina paramparAnumAra koTizilA siddhakSetra hai| yahA~ se kaI koTi muni siddha hue haiN| jinaprabhasUri ne isa tIrtha para eka svataMtra kalpa kI racanA kI hai, jisakI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM "bharata kSetra ke magadha deza meM koTizilA sthita hai, jo Aja bhI cAraNa, sura, asura Adi dvArA pUjita hai| yaha parvata 1 yojana UMcA aura itanA hI caur3A hai| 9 vAsUdevoM ne ise uThAkara apanI-apanI zakti kA parIkSaNa kiyA thaa| prathama vAsudeva ne ise chatra rUpa meM dhAraNa kiyA (uThAyA), dUsare ne mastaka taka, tIsare ne grIvA taka, cauthe ne vakSasthala taka, pAMcaveM ne udara taka, chaThe ne kaTipradeza taka, sAtaveM ne jAMghoM taka, AThaveM ne jAnuparyanta aura naveM kRSNavAsudeva ne use 1 aMgula utthaayaa| avasarpiNI kAla ke prabhAva se manuSyoM kA bala kama ho jAtA hai, parantu tIrthaGkaroM kA bala sadaiva samAna rahatA hai| ___ zAnsinAtha ke prathama gaNadhara cakrAyudha isI parvata para mukta hue ye / zAntinAtha aura kunthunAtha ke samaya yahA~ 1-1 koTi muni siddha 1. jaina, hIrAlAla, pUrvokta, pR0 24

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124 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha hue| isI prakAra aranAtha, mallinAtha, suvratanAtha aura naminAtha ke samaya meM yahAM kramazaH 12, 6, 3 aura 1 koTi muni siddha hue| isake alAvA anya kaI koTi muni bhI yahA~ siddha hue, isIlie isakA nAma koTizilA par3A / pUrvAcAryoM ne ise dazArNa parvata ke samIpa sthita bata. lAyA hai, parantu yaha magadha deza meM hI sthita hai|" digambara paramparA ke graMtha harivaMzapurANa' - ( jinasena, I0 san 8vIM zatI) meM koTizilA ke saMbaMdha meM vahI vivaraNa prApta hotA hai, jisakA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai| ataH unake koTizilAtIrtha saMbaMdhI vivaraNa kA AdhAra ukta graMtha mAnA jA sakatA hai| koTizilA kI sthiti ke bAre meM prAcInakAla se hI matabheda rahA hai| jinaprabhasUri ne apane pUrvAcAryoM ke matoM kA, jinake anusAra yaha tIrtha 1. varaSTabhiriSTAthairsevyamAno'nuvAsaram / jitajeyo yayau kRSNaH sa koTikazilAM prati / / yatastasyAmudArAyAmanekA RSikoTayaH / siddhAstataH prasiddhAtra loke koTikazilA zilA / / zilAyAM tatra kRtvAdau pavitrAyAM balikriyAm / / doAmutkSipatismAsau viSNustAM caturaGgulam / / sA zilA yojanocchrAya smaayojnvistRtaa| ardhabhAratavarSasthadevatAparirakSitA // tadbAhunordhvamutkSiptA tripRSThena zilA puraa| mUrddhadaghnaM dvipRSThena kaNThadaghnaM syambhuvA / / vRkSodvayamutkSiptA ca puruSottamacakriNA / kSiptA puruSasiMhena hRdayAvadhi hAriNI // puNDarIka: kaTImAtramUrudaghnaM hi dattakaH / jAnumAnaM ca saumitriH kRSNo'dhAccaturaGa gulam / / pradhAnapuruSAdInAM sarveSAM hi yuge yuge| bhidyate kAlabhedena zaktiH zaktimatAmapi / / harivaMzapurANa, 53 / 32-39 padmapurANa ke 48veM parva meM tathA uttaraparANa ke 58veM parva meM bhI isI prakAra kA vivaraNa hai|

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 125 dazArNa parvata ke samIpa sthita thA, virodha kiyA hai aura use magadha deza meM sthita batalAyA hai| paumacariu' (vimala 5vIM-6ThI I0 san ) meM koTizilA ko sindhudeza meM sammetazikhara ke nikaTa sthita batalAyA gayA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne sindhudeza ko tIramukti (Adhunika tirahuta) se samIkRta kiyA hai / yadi yaha samIkaraNa sahI hai to rAjagRha ke isIgiri (RSigiri) pahAr3I para sthita kAlazilA ko koTizilA mAnA jA sakatA hai| paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne bhI ukta kAlazilA ko hI koTizilA mAnA hai| 3. campApurIkalpa campA aGga janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura prAcIna bhAratavarSa kI pramukha nagariyoM meM se eka thii| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / cInI yAtriyoM ne bhI apane yAtrAvivaraNoM meM isa nagarI kI carcA kI hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra yahAM 12veM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn vAsupUjya ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa-ye 5 kalyANaka sampanna hue / mahAvIra ne 3 varSAvAsa bhI yahIM vyatIta kiyA hai / jinaprabha ke vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra ___ "campA nagarI aGga janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| yahAM bhagavAn vAsupUjya ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa ye 5 kalyANaka sampanna hue| vAsupUjyasvAmI ke putra kA nAma madhava thA, ve campA nagarI ke rAjA the| unakI putrI lakSmI ko ATha putra tathA rohiNI nAmaka eka kanyA thii| usa kanyA kA svayaMvara meM azoka ke sAtha vivAha huA / eka bAra rohiNI ne vAsupUjya svAmI ke ziSya rupyakumbha-svarNakumbha se apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunakara udyApana 1. "koDisiluddha raNapavvaM' paumacariu 48096-109 2. mizra, yogeza--"sindhudeza oNpha jaina liTarecara ija tIrabhukti" mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNajayantI aGka, khaMDa 1, pR0 223 * 3. ' premI, nAthUrAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 448

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126 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha vidhi se ArAdhanA kI aura saparivAra mukti prApta kI / mahAvIra svAmI kA isa nagarI meM Agamana huA thaa| yahAM sthita pUrNabhadracaM tya meM unhoMne apane 3 varSAvAsa vyatIta kiye| isI nagarI ke nikaTa sthita kAdambarI vana meM kAlagiri nAmaka pahAr3I kI talahaTI meM eka sarovara thA / eka bAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha vahAM vicaraNa kara rahe the / jaba rAjA karakanDu ko yaha bAta jJAta huI to vaha unake darzana hetu vahAM gayA, parantu usa samaya taka bhagavAn anyatra vihAra kara cuke the / ataH usane usI sthAna para unakI pratimA sthApita kI aura vaha sthAna kalikuMDatIrtha ke nAma se prasiddha huA / rAjA karakaNDu campA ke rAjA dadhivAhana kA putra thA / isake mAtA kA nAma padmAvatI thA / jaMgala meM hI isakA janma huA aura bAda meM yaha kaliMga kA rAjA banA / isane eka vRSabha (baila) ke yauvana aura vRddhAvasthA ko dekhakara pratibodha prApta kiyA aura pratyekabuddha huA / mahAvIra svAmI ko prathama pAraNA karAne vAlI sAdhvI candanA bhI isI nagarI ke rAjA dadhivAhana kI kanyA thI / yahIM AyaM zayyaMbhavasUri ne dazavekAlikasUtra kI racanA kI thI / zreNika ke putra kuNika ne apane pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt apanI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha se haTAkara campA nagarI meM sthApita kii| satI subhadrA, dAnI rAjA karNa, zreSThI sudarzana, zrAvaka kAmadeva aura usakI patnI bhadrA, zreSThI pAlitta, usakA putra samudrapAla, zrAvaka sunanda Adi campA nagarI se hI sambandhita the / kauzikArya ke putra rudraka ne sujAta, priyaMgu Adi kaI saMvidhAnoM ko isI nagarI meM nirmita kiyA / " jaina mAnyatAnusAra bhagavAn vAsupUjya 12 veM tIrthaGkara the / unake cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa ye 5 kalyANaka isI nagarI meM sampanna hue| jaina sAhitya' meM isa sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / 1. [ a ] Avazyakaniyukti 310, 383 [ba] caMpAye vAsupujjo vasupujjaNaresareNa vijayAe / phagguNasuddhaca uddasidiNammi jAdo visAhAsu // .." campApure caiva hi vAsupUjyaH // tiloyapaNNattI 4|537 varAGgacarita 27 / 83 campA janmani mukto'bhUdvAsupUjyo jayAMghripaH / harivaMzapurANa 60 / 193

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 127 bhagavAn vAsupUjya ke putra rAjA madhava kI putrI lakSmI aura usakI kanyA rohiNI ke saMbaMdha meM granthakAra ne jisa kathAnaka kI carcA kI hai, vaha zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM prApta nahIM hotii| digambarIya paramparA ke AcArya hariSeNa ( I0 san 10vIM zatI ) dvArA racita 'bRhatkathAkoSa'' meM campA ke rAjA madhava aura unakI kanyA rohiNI kI kathA milatI hai| parantu vahAM madhava ko vAsupUjya kA putra nahIM apitu ziSya batalAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra rohiNI ko madhava kI putrI lakSmI kI kanyA nahIM varan madhava kI hI kanyA batalAyI gayI hai / ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita uparokta kathAnaka kA AdhAra bRhatkathAkoSa hI hai / digambara paramparA se antara banAye rakhane ke liye hI unhoMne usameM ukta parivartana kiyA hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke campAnagarI meM varSAvAsa kA vivaraNa kalpasUtra, Avazyakaniyukti, usakI cUrNI, kalpasUtravRtti (vinayavijaya kRta) Adi granthoM meM prApta hotA hai| __ kaliMga kA rAjA karakaNDu, jisane pratyekabuddha kA pada prApta kiyA, ke sambandha meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra usakI cUrNI tathA AvazyakacUrNI Adi granthoM meM vistRta kathAnaka prApta hote haiN| jinaprabhasUri ne unake bAre meM pracalita kathAnakoM kA atyanta saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai| 1. bRhatkathAkoza 'azokarohiNIkathAnakam' 57 / 20-25 2. caMpaM ca piTTicaMpa ca nIsAe tao aMtarAvAse vAsAvAsaM uvAgae / kalpasUtra-122 caMpA vAsAbAsaM, jakkhiMde sAidattapucchA ya / vAgaraNaduhapaesaNa, paccakkhANe a duvihe a|| Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra 524 tato sAmI Niggato caMpaM gato, tattha vAsAvAsaM ThAti / AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 284 3. karakaNDU kliNgesu.................| uttarAdhyayanasUtra 18 / 46 4. uttarAdhyayanacUrNI, pR0 178 / 5. AvazyakacUrNI, uttara bhAga, pR0 204-7

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pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha AvazyakacUrNI ke anusAra candanavAlA jisane bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kauzAmbI nagarI meM prathama pAraNA karAyI, campA ke rAjA dadhivAhana kI putrI thii| jinaprabha ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai / unhoMne zreNika (bimbisAra ) ke putra kuNika (ajAtazatru) dvArA pitA ke mRtyoparAnta zoka dUra karane ke liye rAjagRha se campA nagarI meM rAjadhAnI sthAnAntarita karane kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha bhI jaina paramparA para hI AdhArita hai / " 128 Arya zayyambhavasUri ne campA nagarI meM dazavaikAlikasUtra kI racanA kI, yaha bAta ukta grantha likhI gayI cUrNI se jJAta hotI hai / * subhadrA isI nagarI ke prasiddha zreSThI jinadatta kI putrI thI / satI nAriyoM meM inakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai / jaina granthoM meM inake sambandha meM vistRta kathAnaka prApta hotA hai| jinaprabhasUri ne bhI inake bAre meM pracalita kathAnaka kI yahA~ saMkSipta carcA kI hai / 1 rAjA karNa zreSThI sudarzana, mahAvIra kA samakAlIna zrAvaka kAmadeva, usakI patnI bhadrA, sArthavAha pAlitta, usakA putra samudrapAla, svarNakAra kumAranandi Adi sabhI campA nagarI se sambandhita the / vetAmbara jaina granthoM meM inake bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hote haiM / " kauzikArya ke putra rudraka ke sambandha meM jinaprabhasUri ne jisa kathA - naka kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha jaina sAhitya meM anupalabdha hai / saMbhavataH kisI ajJAta paramparA ke AdhAra para ukta bAta kahI gayI hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jinaprabha ne isa nagarI ke sambandha meM jina kathAnakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve prAyaH jaina paramparA para AdhArita 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 318 2. tato niggato caMpaM rAyahANi kareti / vahI, uttarabhAga, pR0 172 3. dazavaikAlikacUrNI, pR0 7 4. caMpAe jiNadattassa dhUtA, sA subhaddA rUviNI taccaniyagasaDDheNa diTThA / AvazyakacUrNI uttarabhAga, pR0 269 5. vistAra ke liye draSTavya -- mehatA aura candrA -- pUrvokta, pR0 252-53 / -

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 129 haiM, parantu unase isa tIrtha kI (tatkAlIna) sthiti ke bAre meM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| ___bhAgalapura jile meM jilA mukhyAlaya se 6 mIla dUra gaMgAtaTa para yaha prAcIna nagarI sthita hai aura Aja bhI campA ke nAma se jAnI hai| yahAM jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM ke alaga-alaga jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, jo arvAcIna haiN|' 4. pATaliputranagarakalpa pATaliputra prAcIna bhAratavarSa kI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa nagarI thii| zizunAga, nanda, maurya, zuga tathA gupta narezoM ne ise apanI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA thaa| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina granthoM meM isa nagarI ke bAre meM vistRta ullekha prApta hotA hai| jinaprabhasUri ne isa nagarI se sambandhita jana mAnyatAoM kI carcA kI hai jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai "pUrva kAla meM mahArAja zreNika ke mRtyoparAnta unake putra kuNika (ajAtazatru) ne campA nagarI meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kii| kuNika ke pazcAt unakA putra udAyI gaddI para baiThA, usane bhI pitRzoka ko dUra karane ke lie mantriyoM ke anurodha para gaMgA ke kinAre jahA~ pATalI nAmaka vakSa uge the, pATaliputra nAmaka nagara bsaayaa| yahAM usane aneka sundara-sundara bhavanoM, udyAnoM tathA eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA aura apanI rAjadhAnI bhI campA se yahIM sthAnAntarita kara dii| [pATalI vRkSa kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM granthakAra ne puSpacalA aura annikAputrAcArya kI vistAra se kathA dI hai| eka dina udAyI jinAlaya meM pUjana ke lie gayA, jahA~ eka sAdhuvezI hatyAre ne use mAra ddaalaa| udAyI ke pazcAt magadha kI sattA nApita-gaNikA ke putra nanda ke hAthoM meM A gyii| usake vaMza meM kula 9 rAjA hue / antima nanda rAjA ke mantrI zakaDAla jaina upAsaka the| unake putra sthUlabhadra eka prasiddha jainAcArya hue / antima nanda rAjA 1. tIrthadarzana, khaMDa 1, pR0 58-59 /

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130 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha ko cANakya kI madada se candragupta ne gaddI se utAra diyA aura svayaM rAjA bana baiThA / usake vaMza meM bindusAra, azoka, samprati Adi rAjA hue / samprati ne anArya dezoM meM bhI jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| bhadrabAhu, mahAgiri, suhasti tathA vajrasvAmI ne isa nagarI meM vihAra kiyA tathA bhaviSya meM pratipadAcArya yahA~ vihAra kreNge| kobhISaNagotrIya umAsvAti ne isI nagarI meM tattvArthasatra kI sabhASya racanA kI / yahA~ kI vAdazAlAoM meM vidvAn loga vAda-vivAda karate rahate haiM / AryarakSita bhI 14 vidyAoM ke adhyayanArtha dazapura se yahIM Aye the| zreSThIsudarzana, jo bAda meM jaina muni ho gaye, ne yahIM para vyaMtarI (rAnI) abhayA dvArA kiye gaye upasarga ko sahana kiyaa| sthUlabhadra ne yahAM kI pramukha gaNikA kozA kI citrazAlA meM apanA cAturmAsa dhyatIta kiyaa| prasiddha kalAvid mUladeva, mahAdhanika sArthavAha acala, gaNikAratna devadattA Adi isI nagarI ke nivAsI the| 12 varSIya akAla ke samaya jaina saMgha subhikSa ke dezoM meM calA gyaa| rAjA candragupta usa samaya bhI yahIM rahA aura susthitAcArya ke do kSullaka ziSyoM ke sAtha AMkhoM meM adRzyAMjana lagAkara AhAra le rahA / ____ isa nagarI meM 18 vidyA, smRti, purANa, mantra, tantra, rasavidyA, aMjanaguTikA, pAdapralepa, ratnapArakhI, strI-puruSa va pazuoM ke lakSaNoM ke jJAtA aura kAvya va indrajAla meM nipuNa loga rahate haiN| yahA~ bahuta se dhanADhya vyakti nivAsa karate the, unameM se kucha to aise the jo hajAra yojana jAne meM hAthI ke jitane pAMva par3ate the, una sabhI pada cinhoM ko hajAra-hajAra svarNa mudrAoM se bhara sakate the / kucha aise bhI dhanI the jo tiloM ke eka Ar3haka ( eka prakAra kA mApa ) bone para ugane se jitane tila phaleM, utanI svarNamudrAeM apane ghara para rakhate the| kucha ke pAsa to itanI gAyeM thIM jinake makkhana se ve varSARtu meM parvatIya nadI ko bA~dha sakate the| yahAM eka dina meM itane bAlaka paidA hote the ki una sabhI ke kezoM se isa nagarI ko cAroM ora se gherA jA sakatA thaa| yahA~ do prakAra ke dhAna bahutAyata paidA hote haiM / pahale prakAra kA dhAna ugane para bhinna-bhinna prakAroM vAlA ho jAtA hai| dUsare prakAra kA dhAna kATane para bhI bAra-bAra uga AtA hai|

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 131 ise gardabhikA dhAna kahate haiN| yaha nagarI gaur3adeza ke antargata sthita hai|" ___kuNika aura usake putra udAyo dvArA kramazaH rAjagRha se campA aura campA se pATaliputra ko apanI-apanI rAjadhAnI banAne kA jinaprabhasari ne jo ullekha kiyA hai, usakA jaina-sAhitya meM savistAra vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| jahA~ taka isa nagarI ko basAne kA prazna hai, bauddha sAhitya meM isakA zreya ajAtazatru ko diyA gayA hai, isake viparIta jaina sAhitya meM udAyI ko isa nagarI kA saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH ajAtazatru ne hI isa nagarI kI nIMva DAlI aura bAda meM usake putra udAyI ne ise pUrNa rUpa se vikasita kara apanI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA / jinaprabhasUri ne svAbhAvika rUpa jaina paramparA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| pATalivRkSa kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita kathAnaka hameM dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa aura pariziSTaparva meM bhI prApta hotA hai| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jinaprabhasa ri ke isa kathAnaka kA AdhAra uparokta grantha hI rahe hoNge| __ jaina paramparAnusAra udAyI ko, jaba vaha jinAlaya meM pUjana karane ke liye gayA thA, eka chadmavezI jaina sAdhu ne vahIM use dhokhe se mAra ddaalaa| usake pazcAta nApitagaNikA kA putra nanda rAjA huA / isa 1. tato niggato caMpaM rAya hANi kareti / AvazyakacUrNI, uttarabhAga, pR0 172 nagaranAbhIe udAiNA jiNagharaM kAritaM, evaM pADa liputtassa uppttii| so udAyI tattha Thito rajja bhujati, ......... vahI, uttarabhAga, pR0 179 pariziSTaparva (hemacandrAcArya:-12vIM zatI IsvI) 6 / 185-230 2. malAlazekara, jI0 pI0-pAliprAparanemsa, bhAga 1, pR0 178 3. saMpA0 paM0 lAlacanda bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI-(siMghI jaina granthamAlA-kramAGka 28) pR0 41-46 / 4. pariziSTaparva 6 / 42-174 / 5. AvazyakacUrNI, uttarabhAga-pR0 171, 178, 180; pariziSTaparva 6 / 175-230 /

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132 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha vaMza meM kula 9 rAjA huye / antima nanda rAjA mahApadmananda ko cANakya kI madada se candragupta maurya ne gaddI se haTA diyA aura usakA samUla nAza kara svayaM rAjA bana baiThA / candragupta ke pazcAt usake vaMza meM bindusAra, azoka, samprati Adi rAjA hue|' samprati ne dakSiNa bhArata ke pradezoM-yathA Andhra, draviNa, mahArASTra Adi meM jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA / 2 brAhmaNIya aura bauddha paramparAnusAra udAyI ke pazcAt magadha meM zizunAgavaMza kA rAjya sthApita huA, parantu jinaprabhasUri ne svA bhAvika rUpa se jaina mAnyatA kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| antima nanda rAjA kA mantrI zakaDAla eka jaina upAsaka thaa| use do putra the, 1 - sthUlabhadra aura 2--zrIyaka / sthUlabhadra pramiddha jainAcArya isa nagarI meM bhaviSya meM hone vAle kalki, dharmadatta, jitazatru Adi rAjAoM kA jo ullekha hai, use granthakAra kI vyaktigata kalpanA hI samajhanI caahie| ko bhISaNa gotrIya AcArya umAsvAti ke bAre meM jinaprabha ne jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM milatA hai|5 granthakAra ne bhadrabAhu, mahAgiri, suhasti aura vajrasvAmI ke isa nagarI meM Ane kA ullekha kiyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra Arya 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 563-65; uttarabhAga, pR0 179 aura Age; nizIthacUrNI, bhAga 2, pR0 361; bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, 3 / 3276 / 2. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, 3 / 3275-89; pariziSTaparva, 11 / 89-102 / 3. rAyacaudharI, hemacandra-prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa, pR0 163 / 4. AvazyakacUrNI, uttarabhAga, pR0 183 aura Age; uttarAdhyayanavRtti-(zAntisUri) pR0 105 / 5. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda-jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa pR0 101-103 / 6. vistAra ke liye draSTavya-mehatA aura candrA-prAkRtaprAparanemsa, pR0 446-47; hemacandra-pariziSTaparva, sarga 11-12 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 133 mahAgiri, suhasti aura vajrasvAmI to yahA~ Aye the, parantu bhadrabAhu ' ke yahA~ Agamana kI koI carcA vahA~ nahIM milatI / granthakAra ne sudarzana zreSThI sambandhI jisa kathAnaka kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya' para AdhArita hai / 1 sthUlabhadra dvArA isI nagarI meM kozA nAma kI gaNikA kI citrazAlA meM cAturmAsa karane kA bhI vivaraNa jaina paramparA para hI AdhArita hai / isI prakAra magadha meM par3e 12 varSIya akAla kI carcA zvetAmbara aura digambara" donoM paramparAoM meM prApta hotI hai / parantu yaha akAla kaba par3A - isa sambandha meM donoM paramparAyeM bhinna-bhinna haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra antima nanda rAjA ke samaya yaha durbhikSa par3A thA / isake viparIta digambara paramparA ise maurya samrAT candragupta ke antima samaya meM rakhatI hai aura usI samaya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha candragupta maurya ke dakSiNa bhArata jAne kI bhI carcA hai / " jinaprabha ne 12 varSIya akAla ke samaya bhadrabAhu sAtha zravaNabelagolA cale gaye / 1 digambara paramparAnusAra magadha meM par3e jaina saMgha, jisameM candragupta maurya bhI the, ke ( jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA - paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI, pR0 342-346) / 2. AvazyakacUrNI, uttarabhAga, pR0 270 3. pADaliputte do gaNiyAo - kosA uvakosA ya, kosAe samaM thUlabhaddasAmI acchita Asi ......... AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 554 4. taMmi ya kAle bArasavariso dukkAlo uvaTThito / vahI, uttarabhAga, pR0 187 5. zAstrI, kailAzacandra - jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrvapIThikA, pR0 371 6. uttarAdhyayanavRtti ( kamalasaMgrama), pR0 3 7. mauDadharesu carimo jigadikkhaM dharadi caMdagutto ya / bhadrabAhuvacaH zrutvA candragupto narezvaraH / asyaiva yoginaH pArzve dadhau jainezvaraM tapaH // - 'bhadrabAhukathAnakam' bRhatkathAkoza, pR0 318 vistAra ke liye draSTavya - zAstrI, kailAzacandra, pUrvokta, pR0 342 aura Age tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 1481

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pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrthaM akAla sambandhI jisa mAnyatA kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha spaSTa nahIM hotA / unhoMne isa nagarI ke eka mAtR devI kI bhI carcA kI hai, jo saMbhavataH koI sthAnIya devI rahI hogI / 134 isa nagarI kA vidyA kendra ke rUpa meM bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA / yahA~ sthAna sthAna se vidyArthI adhyayanArtha Ate rahate the / jaina sAhitya meM AryarakSita ke yahA~ Ane kI carcA milatI hai / ' jinaprabha ne bhI isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai / 18 vidyA, taMtra-maMtra, smRti-purANa, rasa vidyA, aMjana-guTikA, pAdapralepa Adi meM nipuNa logoM ke yahA~ basane kI granthakAra ne jo carcA kI hai, vaha eka samRddha aura vizAla nagarI ke lie asvAbhAvika pratIta nahIM hotii| isa nagarI ke prasiddha kalAvid mUladeva, sArthavAha acala tathA gaNikAratna deva - dattA, jinakI jinaprabhasUri ne carcA kI hai, zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / " isa nagarI kI Arthika sthiti ke bAre meM granthakAra ne jo ullekha kiyA hai, yadyapi vaha atizayoktipUrNa hai, parantu usase yaha spaSTa to ho hI jAtA hai ki yaha nagarI Arthika dRSTi se bhI bar3I sampanna thI / prAcIna bhAratavarSa kI rAjadhAnI hone ke kAraNa yaha nagarI rAjanaitika, dhArmika aura Arthika tInoM dRSTiyoM se atyanta mahattvapUrNa rahI / pATaliputra Aja paTanA ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yaha bihAra rAjya kI rAjadhAnI bhI hai / yahA~ do zvetAmbara tathA pA~ca digambara jinA - laya vidyamAna haiM, isake alAvA yahAM ke gulajArabAga nAmaka muhalle meM zreSThI sudarzana tathA Arya sthUlabhadra ke bhI smAraka haiM / 1. taMmi dasapure somadevo mAhaNo, ruddasomA bhajjA saDDhI, tIse jeTThaputto rakaito bitiyao phaggurakkhiyao, tattha uppaNNagA ajjarakkhitA, soya tatthaM jaM atthi piuNo taM ajjhAio, ghare Na tIrati paDhituti tAhe gato pADaliputtaM, ************ | AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 401 2. mehatA aura candrA - pUrvokta, pR0 446-47 3. tIrthadarzana - prathama khaMDa, pR0 48-51 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 5. pAvApurI pAvApurI jainoM kA eka ati prasiddha tIrtha hai / paramparAnusAra 243 tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA nirvANa pAvApurI meM hI huA thaa| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata pAvApurI para do kalpa likhe haiM 1---apApApurIkalpa 2-apApAbRhatkalpa unake anusAra pahale yaha nagarI apApA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI thI parantu mahAvIra svAmI kA yahA~ nirvANa hone se isakA nAma 'pAvA' pracalita huaa| ____ apApApurIkalpa ke antargata unhoMne mukhya rUpa se isa nagarI ke nikaTa parvata hone aura yahA~ mahAvIra ke nirvANa hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / apApAbRhatkalpa meM maurya nareza samprati aura Arya sahasti ke madhya praznottara kA ati vistAra se varNana hai| isa praznottara meM mahAvIra kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya dete hue unake nirvANa kI pUrvasaMdhyA para darzanArtha Aye rAjA hastipAla dvArA pUche gaye praznoM kA mahAvIra ke mukha se atyanta vistArake sAtha uttara dilAyA gayA hai / isake alAvA sampratisahasti praznottara meM aneka paurANika bAtoM kA bhI atyanta vistAra ke sAtha ullekha kiyA gayA hai / prastuta adhyayana meM ukta vivaraNoM ko yahIM chor3ate hue 14vIM zatI meM pAvApurI kI bhaugolika sthiti para hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki Aja isa nagarI kI bhaugolika sthiti ke bAre meM prAyaH vahI vivAda hai, jo pichale kucha dazakoM pUrva unake janmasthAna kuNDagrAma ke sambandha meM uThA thaa| vartamAna meM jaina dharma ke donoM sampradAyoM ne bihAra rAjya ke nAlandA jile meM sthita pAvApurI ko mahAvIra ke nirvANa-sthalI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yahA~ sarovara ke madhya eka bhavya jinAlaya vidyamAna hai| parantu AgamoM meM pAvApurI ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa prApta hotA hai usake anusAra yaha nagarI malloM ke rAjya meM sthita honI caahie| kucha vidvAnoM ne prAcIna granthoM ke AdhAra para vartamAna uttara 1. pATila, DI0 Ara0-da enTIkveriyana rimensa ina bihAra, pR0 421

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136 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha pradeza ke devariyA jile ke uttarI bhAga meM sthiti saThiyAMva nAmaka grAma ko prAcIna pAvA mAnA hai jo ucita pratIta hotA hai| __ aba prazna uThatA hai ki prAcIna pAvApurI ke sthAna para navIna pAvApurI kI kisa samaya kalpanA kara lI gayI? isa prazna kA ThIkaThIka uttara to nahIM diyA jA sakatA, parantu itanA nizcita hai ki I0 san kI 14vIM zatI ke pUrva vartamAna pAvApurI avazya hI astitva meM A ca kI thii| isa sambandha meM jinaprabhasUri ke vivaraNa se hameM paryApta sahAyatA milatI hai| unhoMne apApApurIkalpa ke antargata pAvApurI se pahAr3iyoM ke dikhAI dene kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu prAcIna pAvA ke pAsa koI parvata nahIM hai jaba ki vartamAna pAvApurI se rAjagira kI pahAr3iyA~ Aja bhI spaSTa dikhAI detI haiN| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki jinaprabhasUri ke samaya taka vartamAna pAvApurI pratiSThita thI aura prAcIna pAvA pUrva kI zatAbdiyoM meM kabhI vilupta ho cukI thii| vartamAna pAvApurI bihAra rAjya ke nAlandA jile meM sthita hai| yahA~ grAma meM eka vizAla sarovara ke madhya eka bhavya jinAlaya vidyamAna hai, jo zvetAmbaroM ke adhikAra meM hai| isake alAvA grAma meM eka anya zvetAmbara mandira tathA eka digambara maMdira bhI haiM / 1. sarAvagI, ke0 ela0-pAvAsamIkSA ( sAraNa, bihAra 1972 I0 ), pR0 95; DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, DA. motIcandra Adi adhikArI vidvAnoM ne bhI zrI sarAvagI ke mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| 2. aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki 8vIM-9vIM zatI taka pUrvI uttara pradeza aura bihAra se jaina dharma prAyaH vilupta ho cukA thaa| adhikAMza jainI pazcimI evaM dakSiNI bhArata meM basa gaye the| aisI sthiti meM unake tIrthasthAna bhI prAyaH vicchinna ho gaye / muslima zAsana ke samaya deza meM rAjanaitika sthiratA ke kAraNa jainoM ne dakSiNI bihAra meM punaH praveza kiyA aura vismRta tIrthoM kI sthiti prAyaH anumAna ke AdhAra para nizcita kara vahAM jinAlaya Adi nirmita kraaye| vartamAna pAvApurI, kuNDagrAma, sammeta zikhara Adi isI prakAra astitva meM aaye| 3. tIrthadarzana, prathama khaMDa, pR0 36-37 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 6.mithilApurIkalpa mithilA videha janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura prAcIna bhAratavarSa kI eka prasiddha nagarI thii| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isake bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| jana mAnyatAnusAra yahA~ 19veM aura 21veM tIrthaGkaroM kA janma huaa| mahAvIra svAmI ne yahAM vihAra kiyaa| unake AThaveM gaNadhara akampita kA yahIM janma huaa| inhIM kAraNoM se yaha nagarI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huii| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrtha kA ullekha karate hae isake sambandha meM pracalita jaina mAnyatAoM tatkAlIna sthiti, rIti-rivAja Adi kA sundara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai__ "bhAratavarSa ke pUrva deza meM sthita videha janapada isa samaya tirahuta nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / yahAM ke nivAsI saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAoM ke jJAtA haiM / yahA~ kele ke vRkSa adhika pAye jAte haiM / sthAna-sthAna para mIThe jala vAlI vApiyA~, kue~ Adi haiN| Aja yaha nagarI 'jagaI' nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| yahA~ 19veM tIrthaGkara malli ( strItIrthakara ) aura 21veM tIrthaGkara naminAtha ke cyavana, janma, dIkSA aura kevalajJAna ye 4 kalyANaka hue / malli kI mAtA kA nAma prabhAvatI aura pitA kA nAma kumbha thaa| isI prakAra nami kI mAtA vaprAdevI thIM evaM vijaya unake pitA the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yahA~ varSAvAsa bhI vyatIta kiyaa| inake AThaveM gaNadhara akampita kA yahI janma huaa| jagabAhu aura madanarekhA ke putra nami jinhoMne pratyekabuddha kA pada prApta kiyA, isI nagarI ke rAjA the| vIra-nirvANa ke 220 varSa pazcAt yahIM sthita lakSmIdharacaitya meM kauDinyagotrIya Asimitra caturtha nihnava huaa| sItA kA yahIM janma huA, unake janma-sthAna para sthita vizAla vaTavRkSa, unakA vivAha-sthala-sAkallakuNDa, pAtAlaliGga, kanakapura Adi laukika tIrtha bhI yahA~ sthita haiM / isa nagarI meM mallinAtha evaM naminAtha ke alaga-alaga caityAlaya haiN| mallinAtha ke caityAlaya meM vairuTyAdevI aura kubera yakSa tathA naminAtha ke caityAlaya meM gandhArI devI aura bhakuTi yakSa kI bhI pratimAyeM haiN|"

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138 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha __ vartamAna bihAra pradeza kA uttarI bhAga prAcIna kAla meM videha janapada ke antargata avasthita rahA / gupta kAla se isakA nAma 'tIrabhukti' pracalita huA, jisakA artha hai 'vaha pradeza jo nadiyoM ke taTa para sthita ho'| yahI tIrabhukti jinaprabhasUri ke samaya taka tirahuta nAma se prasiddha huA aura Aja bhI yahI nAma pracalita hai / granthakAra ne yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ke saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAoM ke jJAtA hone tathA kele Adi kI adhika upaja hone, kueM aura vApiyoM ke adhika saMkhyA meM hone kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha asvAbhAvika nahIM lgtaa| jinaprabha ne isa nagarI kA nAma 'jagaI' jo usa samaya pracalita thA, ullekha kiyA hai, parantu hameM anyatra isa nAma kI carcA nahIM miltii| ____ mallinAtha aura naminAtha' ke mAtA-pitA, janma Adi kalyANakoM ke sambandha meM jaina sAhitya meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| kalpasUtra ke anusAra mahAvIra ne apane 6 varSAvAsa isI nagarI 1. yogendra mizra-'sindhudeza oNpha jaina liTarecara ija tIramukti' 'mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa jayantI aMka' bhAga-1 pR0 223 / 2. [a] jJAtAdharmakathA, 65; tIrthodgArita, 508 [ba] mihilAe mallijiNo pahavadie kuMbhaakkhidIsehiM / maggasirasukkaekkAdasIe assiNIe saMjAdo // tiloyapaNNattI 41544 namizca mallimithilAprasUtau // varAGgacarita 27 / 84 3. [a] samavAyAGga 157 [ba] mihilApurie jAdo vijayaNarideNa vappilAe ya / assiNirikkhe AsAr3ha sukkadasamIe NamisAmI // tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 546 mithilA vijayo vaprA vakulo nmirshvinii| namayantu mahAmAnaM sammedazca mahIdharaH / / harivaMzaparANa 60 / 202 4. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM samage bhagavaM mahAvIre aTThiyagAmaM nIsAe...... ...... / cha mihilAe ............... vAsAvAsaM uvaage| kalpasUtra-122

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 139 meM vyatIta kiye / jinaprabha ne unake varSAvAsa kA to ullekha kiyA hai, parantu ve kitanI bAra yahAM varSAvAsa hetu ruke, yaha nahIM batAyA hai / unake AThaveM gaNadhara akampita kA yahA~ janma hone kA ullekha Avazyaka niyukti', vizeSAvazyakabhApya' Adi granthoM meM milatA hai / kalpapradIpa meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai / mithilA ke rAjA nami ke bAre meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM savistAra vivaraNa milatA hai / jinaprabha ne bhI unhIM ke AdhAra para ukta kathAnaka ko ullikhita kiyA hai / zvetAmbara jaina paramparAnusAra vIra nirvANa ke 220 varSa pazcAt yahA~ sthita lakSmIdhara caitya meM AryaM mahAgiri kA praziSya aura kauDinya kA ziSya Asimitra caturtha nihna huA / jinaprabhasUri ne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai, parantu unhoMne Asimitra ko mahAgiri kA ziSya aura kauDinyagotrIya batalAyA hai, jo bhrAmaka pratIta hotA hai / sItA kA yahA~ janma huA thA - aisA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai / brAhmaNIya paramparAnusAra " sItA mithilA ke rAjA janaka kI putrI thIM / janaka ne hala calAte samaya unheM bhUmi meM pAyA thA / rAma ke sAtha sItA kA vivAha huaa| sItA ke prApti sthala, vivAha-sthala Adi hinduoM ke pavitra tIrtha mAne jAte haiM / granthakAra ne ina sthaloM kA taTastha bhAva se ullekha kiyA hai / 1. mihilAe akaMpio jAo / Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra 644 2. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 2013; 2506 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 9 / 4-14 to videhe jaNava mihilA NagarI, tattha namI rAyA, """ AvazyakacUrNI, uttarabhAga, pR0 207 4. avvattAsssADhAo sAmuccheyA''samittAo || Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra 780 mahilA nagarI, lacchIdharaM cetiyaM, mahAgiri ya AyariyA, tattha tesiM sIso koNi tava Asamitto sIso, ........| AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 422 5. pANDeya, rAjabalI - purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, pR0 395

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140 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha jinaprabha ke samaya yahA~ mallinAtha aura naminAtha ke alaga-alaga caityAlaya the| madhyayugIna tIrthamAlAoM meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai, parantu vartamAna meM yaha tIrtha vicchinna hai| mithilA ko bihAra rAjya ke darabhaMgA jile ke uttara meM, nepAla kI sImA para sthita Adhunika janakapura nAmaka kasbe se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| 7. bhAragiri-kalpa magadha janapada kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI rAjagaha pAMca pahAr3iyoM vaibhAra, vipula, gRddhakUTa, pAMDava aura RSigiri se ghirI huI thI, inameM se vaibhAra aura vipula jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahe haiM / jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata vi0 saM0 1364 / I0 san 1307 meM "vaibhAragirikalpa'' kI racanA kii| isa kalpa ke antargata unhoMne vaibhAragiri, rAjagRha aura nAlandA kA varNana kiyA hai aura ina sthAnoM se saMbaMdhita jaina mAnyatAoM kI carcA kI hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM___"vaibhAraparvata para aneka jar3I-bUTiyAM, sundara sundara jharane, uSNa aura zItala jala ke kuMDa Adi vidyamAna haiM / sarasvatI nadI kA udgama sthala bhI yahIM hai / zAlibhadra dhannA RSi ne isI parvata kI garma zilAoM para kAyotsarga kiyA thaa| yahAM aneka caitya haiM, jinameM mahAvIra kI pratimAyeM evaM aneka khaMDita pratimAyeM vidyamAna haiN| yahAM aneka laukika tIrtha tathA AsapAsa kaI bauddha vihAra bhI haiN| yahAM se kaI bauddha bhikSuoM ne nirvANa prApta kiyA hai / yahAM eka aMdherI guphA bhI hai jisameM prAcIna kAla meM rohiNa Adi cora rahA karate the| pahAr3I kI talahaTI meM rAjagRha nAmaka sundara nagarI basI huI hai| RSabhapura, kSitipratiSTha, caNakapura, kuzAgrapura Adi isa nagarI ke prAcIna nAma haiN| yahAM sthita guNazIla caitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa lagatA thA / isa nagarI se kucha dUra sthita nAlandA nAmaka sthAna para mahAvIra ne 14 varSAvAsa vyatIta 1. vijayadharmasUri-prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, pR0 26 2. lAhA, vimalAcaraNa-jyograoNphI oNpha arlI buddhijma, pR0 31

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 141 kiye| unake 11 gaNadharoM ne rAjagRha nagarI meM hI mokSa prApta kiyaa| gaNadhara akampita kA yahIM janma bhI huA thaa| arAsandha, zreNika, kuNika Adi nareza; halla, vihalla, abhayakumAra, naMdiseNa Adi rAjakumAra; jambUsvAmI, kayavanARSi, zayyaMbhavasUri Adi muni tathA naMdA Adi pativratA striyAM evaM zAlibhadra jaise prasiddha zreSThI isI nagarI se saMbaMdhita the| yahAM nagara ke andara kalyANaka stUpa evaM usake samIpa gautamasvAmI kA maMdira hai| yahAM ke vaNikoM meM Adhe jaina aura Adhe bauddha dharmAvalambI haiN|" __ jinaprabhasUri ne bhAragiri ke prAkRtika dRzya kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha vahAM Aja bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| zAlibhadra dhannARSi ke sambandha meM unhoMne jo bAta kahI hai usakA ullekha hameM maraNasamAdhi ( racanAkAla-ajJAta ) nAmaka jaina graMtha meM prApta hotA hai| yahAM ke jisa aMdherI guphA kI bAta unhoMne batalAyI hai, usakA ullekha hameM Agamika sAhitya meM bhI prApta hotA hai| apane samaya meM yahAM aneka caityoM aura khaMDita jina pratimAoM ke hone kI graMthakAra ne jo bAta kahI hai, usakA samarthana yahAM se prApta bhagna jinAlayoM evaM khaMDita pratimAoM se-jo 5vIM se 9vIM zatI taka ke haiM,' hotA hai| isI prakAra yahAM ke bauddha vihAroM kA unhoMne jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha bhI yathArtha hai| isase graMthakAra ke vivaraNa kI niSpakSatA aura dhArmika sahiSNutA parilakSita hotI hai| rAjagRha nagarI ke jina vibhinna nAmoM kA jinaprabhasUri ne ullekha 1. maraNasamAdhi-444; mUla grantha upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa yaha uddharaNa prAkRtaprAparanemsa-pR0 727 ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai / 2. tae NaM rAyagihassa Nagarassa adUrasAmaMte dAhiNapuratthime disibhAe sIhaguhA nAma corapallI hotthA,........ jJAtRdharmakathA, 18 / 10 3. ghoSa, amalAnanda--jaina kalA aura sthApatya, khaMDa 1, pR0 125-126 evaM 171-2 4. ananta kumAra-buddhakAlIna rAjagRha, pR0 77-80

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142 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha kiyA hai, ve jaina paramparA para AdhArita haiN|' isa nagarI meM muni suvrata ke janma hone', yahAM sthita guNazIla caitya meM mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa lagane, nAlandA meM unake 14 varSAvAsa vyatIta karane evaM unake 9 gaNadharoM kA yahIM nirvANa hone tathA aMtima gaNadhara prabhAsa ke janma-sambandhI jinaprabhasUri kA vivaraNa bhI jaina paramparA para hI AdhArita hai| unhoMne isa nagarI ke viziSTa vyaktiyoM yathA-arAsandha, zreNika, kuNika Adi nareza; abhayakumAra, halla vihalla Adi rAjakumAroM, jambUmvAmI, kayadannARSi, pativratA naMdA evaM zreSThI zAlibhadra kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha bhI zvetAmbara jaina paramparA para AdhArita hai|5 granthakAra ne yahAM kalyANaka stupa evaM usake samIpa gautama svAmI ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI hai| ho sakatA hai usake samaya meM yahAM maMdira evaM stUpa vidyamAna rahe hoN| yahAM kI AbAdI (janasaMkhyA) ke bAre meM unhoMne jo bAta kahI hai, use unakI vyaktigata kalpanA mAnanI cAhiye / __ vartamAna bihAra rAjya ke nAlandA jile meM yaha tIrtha avasthita hai| Aja vaibhAragiri ke alAvA anya cAra pahAr3iyoM para bhI donoM sampra. dAyoM ke alaga-alaga jinAlaya vidyamAna haiN| 1. khitivaNa usabhakusaggaM, rAyagihaM ... / Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra 1279; AvazyakacUrNI, uttarabhAga, pR0 158 2. [a] Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra 383 [ba] rAyagihe muNisuvvayadevo paumAsumittarAehiM assajudabArasIe sidapakkhe savaNabhe jAdo // tiloyapaNNattI 4 / 545 zrIsuvrato rAjagRhe ...... / varAGgacarita 27 / 84 3. rAyagihaM nagaraM nAlaMdaM ca bAhiriyaM nIsAe coddasa aMtarAvAse bAsAvAsaM uvAgae / kalpasUtra-122 4. parinivvuyA gaNaharA jIvaMte jAyae nava jaNA u / iMdabhUI suhammo ya, rAyagihe nivvue vIre / / / Avazyakaniyukti, sUtra-658 5. isa sambandha meM vistAra ke liye draSTavya mehatA aura candra--pUrvokta, pR0 627-29 6. tIrthadarzana, prathama khaMDa, pR0 41-47

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 8. sammetazikhara AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke 'caturazIti mahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata sammetazikhara kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahAM 20 tIrthaMGkaroM ke nirvANa prApta karane kA ullekha kiyA haisaMmetazaile visatijinAH / sammeta (sammeda zikhara jainadharmAnuyAyiyoM kA eka atyanta pavitra tIrtha hai / zatruJjaya, giranAra Adi sarvamAnya tIrthoM ke sAtha isako gaNanA kI jAtI hai / jaina mAnyatAnusAra 24 tIrthaGkaroM meM se RSabha, vAsupUjya neminAtha aura mahAvIra ko chor3akara zeSa 20 tIrthaGkaroM kA yahAM nirvANa 'huA 1 143 yn 1. ( i ) mallI NaM arahA paNuvIsaM dhaNUI uDDhaM uccateNaM, vaNNeNaM piyaMgusAme samacauraMsa saMThANe vajjarisaha - saMghayaNe majjhadese suhaMsuheNaM viharittA jeNeva sammee pavvae teNeva uvAgacchai, uvAgacchittA sammeyaselasihare pAovagamaNaMNuvanne || jJAtRdharmakathA 1 / 8 / 224 ( ii ) aTThAvaya-caMpujjeta - pAvA- sammeyaselasiharesu / usabha vasupujja nemI vIro sesA ya siddhigayA || AvazyakaniryuktisUtra - 307 (iii) AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 257 (iv) tiloyapaNNattI, 4 / 1186-1207 (v) zeSAstu te jinavarA jitamohamallA jJAnArkabhUrikiraNairavabhASya lokAn / sthAnaM paraM niravadhAritasaukhyaniSThaM sammedaparvatatale samavApurIzAH / / nirvANabhakti 25 (vi) zeSA jinendrAstapasaH prabhAvAd vidhUya karmANi purAtanAni / dhIrAH parAM nirvRttimabhyupetAH saMmedazai lopavanAntareSu // varAGgacarita 27 / 92 (vii) ante sa saMmadavidhAyivanAntakAntaM sammedazailamadhiruhya nirastabandhaH / harivaMzapurANa 16 / 75 (viii) uttarapurANa parva 48-73

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144 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha zvetAmbaroM ne jahAM isa tIrtha ko sammeta kahA hai, vahIM digambaroM ne sammeda nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| __madhyayugIna zvetAmbara aura digambara granthakAroM ne tIrtha viSayaka racanAoM meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai-- 1-udayakIrti- tIrthavandanA I0 san 13 vIM zatI 2- kharataragacchIya-pUrvadezIyacaityaparipATI I0 san 1436 jinavardhanasUri 3-guNakIti- tIrthavandanA3 I0 san 15vIM zatI 4-haMsasomaH- pUrvadezIyacatyaparipATI I0 san 1499 5-jJAnasAgara--- sarvatIrthavaMdanA I0 san 16vIM zatI 6-jayavijaya- sammetazikharatIrthamAlA I0 san 1607 / 7--jayasAgara- tIrthajayamAlA I0 san 17vIM zatI 8-somasena-- puSpAMjalijayamAlA' I0 san 17vIM zatI ( ix) aSTApadacampojjayantapApAsammetazailazikhareSu yathAkramavRSabho vAsu pUjyo'riSTanemirvIro bhagavAn zeSAzca tIrthakRtaH siddhi gatAH, aSTApade RSabhasvAmI siddhimatamat, campAyAM vAsupUjyaH ujjayante'riSTanemiH bhagavAn mahAvIra: pASAyAM zeSA ajitasvAmiprabhRtayaH sammetazailazikhare iti // AvazyakavRtti (malayagiri) pR0 213 ( x ) vIsaM tu jiNavariMdA amarAsuravaMdidA dhudakilesA / sammede girisihare NivvANagayA Namo tesi / / prAkRta-nirvANakANDa-2 1. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-tIrthavandanasaMgraha pR0 38-40 2. jainasatyaprakAza, varSa 18, pR0 73-77 3. joharApurakara --pUrvokta, pR0 49-51 4. vijayadharmasUri-prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, pR0 14-21 5. joharApurakara-pUrvokta, pR0 59 aura Age 6. vijayadharmasUri-pUrvokta, pR0 22-32 7. joharApurakara-pUrvokta, pR0 87-88 8. vahI, pR0 85

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 145 9-- zIlavijaya- tIrthamAlA' I0 san 1690 10-saubhAgyavijaya- tIrthamAlA I0 san 1993 isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki eka lambe kAla me hI isa tIrtha kI sArvabhaumika mAnyatA pracalita rahI hai, jo Aja bhI usI prakAra mAnya - sammetazikhara ko vartamAna bihAra rAjya ke hajArIbAga jile meM avasthita pArasanAthahila se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| yahAM 20 tIrthaGkaroM ke caraNacihna sthApita haiM, parantu unameM se koI bhI 18vIM zanI se prAcIna nahIM hai, jisase kucha vidvAnoM ne isake vAstavika sammetazikhara hone meM zaMkA prakaTa kI hai aura hajArIbAga jile meM hI avasthita kolhaA pahAr3a ko, jahAM vipula parimANa meM janapUrAvazeSa bikhare par3e haiM, vAstavika sammetazikhara hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai|" kolhuA pahAr3a ke nikaTa sthita vartamAna bhoddalagAMva (prAcInabhaddilapura, madhyayugIna-dAtAragrAma) bhagavAn zItalanAtha kI janma-bhUmi mAnI jAtI hai / tIrthamAlAoM meM isa sthAna kA varNana haipaTaNAthI dakSiNa dizi jAMNajo re mAraga moTA kosa paMcAsa re / bhaddilapura bhASe che zAstramA re hivaNAM nAma dutArA jAsa re / / 1. vijayadharmasUri-pUrvokta, pR0 101-131 2. vahI; 73-100 3. pATila-DI0 Ara0-da aiMTikveriyana rimensa ina bihAra ( paTanA, 1963 I0 ) pR0 364-66 4. vahI pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI aura pro0 sAgaramala jaina se vyaktigata carcA para AdhArita / kolhuA pahAr3a para avasthita jaina purAvazeSoM ke sandarbha meM draSTavya (i) inDiyana aiMTikverI, jilda xxx pR0 90-95 ( ii ) rAyacaudharI, pI0vI0-jainijma ina vihAra pR0 40-43 ( iii) pATila, DI0 Ara0 --pUrvokta, pR0 215-219 (iv) jaina balabhadra-bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga 2, pR0 165-72 6. jaina, jagadIza candra-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha pR0 26

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146 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha tihAMthI sole koseM jAMNajo re bhaddilapura che datArA prasiddha re / viSama mAraga che vanakhaMDe karI re sAthe paMthadiSAU siddha re / AvyA bhaddilapura ulaTa dharI re giri caDhiyA dina pUjeM bhAya re / rAjAno Adeza lei karI re pharasyA pArasanAthanA pAya re| saptaphaNAmaNi mUrati pAsanI re eka guphAmAM ekallamalla re| nipaTa sarovara kamala phUleM bharyo re nirmala pANI tAsa avalla re / pUjIne te girithI UtarI re AvyA grAma datAre jeya re / janamathayo zItala jinarAyano re ___cAra kalyANaka huA etha re| tIrthamAlA-saubhAgyavijaya prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, pR0 89-90 se uddhRta dattAro jinapAsa Asa manavAMchita pUre / aSTa vaSTa bhaya kaSTa pApa bhavabhavanoM cUre / / sarvatIrthavaMdanA - jJAnasAgara tIrthavaMdanasaMgraha-pR0 77 se uddhRta cUki tIrthamAlAoM meM sammetazikhara aura dAtAragrAma (bhddilpurbhoddlgaaNv| tathA usake nikaTa sthita pahAr3I kA alaga-alaga vivaraNa milatA hai, ataH sammetazikhara ko pArasanAtha pahAr3I kI jagaha kolhuA pahAr3a se samIkRta karane meM bhI aneka kaThinAiyAM haiN| yaha satya hai ki pArasanAtha pahAr3I para vi0 saM0 1769 se pUrva kA koI jainapurAvazeSa nahIM milatA, parantu isase yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA ki usase pUrva yahAM jainoM kA koI bhI cihna na thA, bhrAmaka ho sakatA 1. vijayadharmasUri-pUrvokta, pR0 27-32

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 147 hai / nIrthamAlAoM meM yahAM 20 tIrthaGkaroM ke caraNacihna hone kI bAta spaSTa rUpa se kahI gayI hai| aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jagataseTha dvArA yahAM karAye gaye jIrNoddhAra ke samaya prAcIna caraNacihnoM ko haTA kara naye caraNacihna sthApita kiye gaye hoMge aura tIrtha ke punaruddhAraka jagataseTha ne jIrNoddhAraka kI jagaha nirmAtA ke rUpa meM apanA nAma aMkita kara diyA hogaa| saMbhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki yahAM koI prAcIna purAvazeSa nahIM miltaa| isa sambandha meM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki pUrvI bhArata ke jaina samAja meM vimala aisA maMtrI athavA vastupAla-tejapAla ke samAna koI daNDanAyaka na thA, jo sammetazikhara jaise vizAla evaM durgama pahAr3I para Ujjayanta athavA zatruJjaya kI bhAMti vizAla evaM bhavya maMdiroM kA nirmANa karA sktaa| pUrva bhArata ba-baMgAla . . 1-koTibhUmi 2-puNDraparvata 12. puNDraparvata aura koTibhUmi jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke 'caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata puNDraparvata aura koTibhUmi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura ina sthAnoM para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caityAlaya hone kI bAta kahI hai| puNDraparvata ko puNDavardhana se aura koTibhUmi ko koTivarSa se samIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye donoM sthAna prAcIna kAla meM uttarI baMgAla meM sthita the|' mahAvIra ke samaya (IsApUrva chaThI zatI) se lekara hanasAMga (I0san 7 vIM zatI) ke samaya taka baMgAla meM jainadharma ke vyApaka prasAra ke pramANa milate haiM, parantu pAloM aura senoM ke zAsana kAla (I0 san 1. majumadAra, rameza candra-"jainijma ina aiMzyeTa baMgAla"-mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava graMtha, bhAga-1, pR0 135

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148 pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrthaM 8vIM se I0 san 12vIM zatIM) meM yahAM kevala bauddha aura brAhmaNIya dharmaM hI lokapriya rahe aura unhIM ko rAjAzraya bhI prApta huA / isake viparIta jaina dharma kA isa kAlAvadhi meM kramazaH hrAsa hotA gayA, jisase isa samaya ke jaina purAvazeSoM kI saMkhyA yahAM se prApta brAhmaNIya aura bauddha purAvazeSoM kI tulanA meM nagaNya hai / " vastutaH isa yuga meM yahAM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA kama ho gayI thI, kyoMki saMbhavataH adhikAMza jainI pazcimI bhArata meM cale gaye aura jo bace bhI the unameM gujarAta ke vimala jaise rAjyAdhikArI aura vastupAla jaise zreSThI na the balki sAdhAraNa zreNI ke kRSaka aura vyApArI the, jinhoMne apane sAmathyaM ke anurUpa hI jinAlayoM evaM jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa karAyA, jinake avazeSa Aja hameM milate haiM / parantu prAcIna paramparA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ye kSetra jainiyoM meM Adara kI dRSTise dekhe jAte rahe hogeN| jahAM taka jinaprabhasUri ke ukta vivaraNa kA prazna hai, hamAre pAsa aisA koI bhI spaSTa pramANa nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para nizcita rUpa se kucha kahA jA ske| yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki unhoMne prAcIna paramparA ke AdhAra para ina sthAnoM ko tIrtha rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai athavA unake samaya meM ina sthAnoM para jinAlaya the aura isa AdhAra para unhoMne inheM tIrthoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kiyA hai / sa- ur3IsA 1 - kaliGgadeza 2- mAhendra parvata pUrva bhArata 1. kaliMgadeza kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata kaliGgadeza kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahAM gommaTazrI RSabhadeva ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / 1. ghoSa, amalAnanda - saMpA0 jaina kalA aura sthApatya - khaMDa 2 10 264 2. vahI, pR0 264, 265-68 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 149 jaina sAhitya meM kaliGgadeza' aura usakI rAjadhAnI kAMcanapura' kA ullekha to hai, parantu yahAM RSabhadeva ke maMdira hone kI bAta ko jinaprabhasUri ke alAvA kisI anya jaina graMthakAra ne ullikhita kiyA ho, aisA abhI taka dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai| ataH jinaprabha ke ukta vaktavya ko unakI vyaktigata zraddhA ke AdhAra para hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| 2. mAhendra parvata kalpapradIpa ke 'caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata mAhendraparvata kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| ur3IsA se madurA taka sampUrNa parvatazRkhalA mAhendraparvata ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| vartamAna meM ur3IsA prAnta ke gaMjAma jilAntargata sthita pahAr3I mAhendraparvata ke nAma se abhihita kI jAtI hai| jaina paurANika sAhitya meM ina sthAnoM kA ullekha to milatA hai, parantu jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM jinaprabhasari ko chor3akara kisI anya jaina graMthakAra ne isa sthAna kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| ca ki yaha parvata porANika kathAoM meM ullikhita hai, ataH isakI pavitratA evaM mahattva to nirvivAda hai, aisI sthiti meM vahA~ jaina tIrtha hone kI jinaprabhasUri kI mAnyatA ko asvIkAra to nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ho sakatA hai unake samaya meM yahAM AdinAtha kA koI jinAlaya rahA ho / 1. mehatA aura caMdrA - prAkRtaprAparanemsa, pR0 164, joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-tIrthavandana saMgraha, pR0 23,26,35 aura aage| 2. mehatA aura candrA-pUrvokta, pR0 164, jaina, jagadIzacaMdra -jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR0 466-67 / 3. kANe, pI0vI0-dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR0 1470 / 4. paumacariu 30 / 19; AdipurANa, 29 / 88 /

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adhyAya-7 madhya bhArata jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, sAtaveM adhyAya meM kalpapradIpa ke una tIrthoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai jo madhya-bhArata-vartamAna madhyapradeza kI sImA meM avasthita haiM / aba ina tIrthoM kA varNakramAnusAra vivaraNa prastuta hai --- 1-avantIdezastha-abhinaMdanadeva 2-oMkAraparvata 3-kuDugezvaranAbheyadeva 4-canderI 5--DhIpurI 6--dazapura 7-vidizA 1. avantIdezastha abhinandanadevakalpa jinaprabhasUri ke kalpapradIpa ke antargata "avantIdezastha-abhinaMdanadevakalpa" kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| unhoMne isa tIrtha ke saMbaMdha meM jina bAtoM kA yathAzruta varNana kiyA hai, ve saMkSepa meM isa prakAra "mAlava deza ke antargata maGgalapura nAmaka eka nagarI thI, usake nikaTa vana meM abhinandanadeva kA eka jinAlaya thaa| eka bAra mlecchoM ne Akara usa jinAlaya ko bhagna kara diyA aura jina-pratimA ko nau khaMDoM meM khaMDita kara diyaa| sthAnIya meva logoM (jaMgalI jAti vizeSa ) ne pratimA ke khaMDoM ko ikatra kara eka surakSita sthAna meM rakha diyA / kucha kAla bItane para vAijA nAmaka eka janazrAvaka vahA~ byApAra hetu AyA, jahAM prazaMgavaza meva logoM ne use khaMDita jina-pratimA ke darzana kraaye| vaha zrAvaka pratidina usa pratimA ke darzana ke pazcAt hI bhojana karatA thA / eka dina lobha se vazIbhUta hokara mevoM ne pratimA chipA dI aura

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madhya bhArata (madhya pradeza) uttara pradeza rAjasthAna gunA canderI dazapura dhasAna nadI kena nadI mandasaura sona nadI pArvatI nadI betavA gujarAta ujjaina vidizA bhopAla narmadA nadI madhyapradeza khaNDavA . oMkArezvara pazcima nimAr3a mahArASTra

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 151 vaNika se manacAhI vastueM lekara hI usa pratimA ko usake sAmane le Aye / isa ghaTanA se vaNika duHkhI huA aura adhiSThAyakadeva se Adeza prApta kara usane pratimA ke aMgoM ko jor3akara una para caMdana vilepita kara diyA, jisase vaha pahaleke samAna ho gayI / isase saMtuSTa hokara usa zrAvaka ne meva logoM ko unakI manovAMchita vastueM pradAna kiyA aura jina-pratimA ko vahIM pIpala ke vRkSa ke nIce vedI banavAkara sthApita kara dI / abhayakIrti bhAnukIrti Adi maThAdhIza usa pratimA kI dekha. rekha karane lge| ekabAra prAgvATavaMzIya kisI hAlAzAha nAmaka eka niHsantAna vyakti ne putra utpanna hone ke liye yahAM kAmanA kI, jisake pUrNa hone para usane yahA~ eka UMce zikhara vAlA jinAlaya banavAyA / mahaNiyA nAmaka eka meva ne yahA~ jinadeva ke sammukha apanI uMgalI kATa kara arpita kara diyA, parantu usakI uMgalI punaH naI ho gyii| ina camatkAroM ko sunakara mAlavAdhipati jayasiMha ne yahAM Akara jinAlaya meM pUjA-arcanA kI aura jinAlaya ke vyaya hetu 20 hala bhUmi tathA usa jinAlaya kI dekharekha karane vAloM ko 12 hala bhUmi pradAna kii|" maMgalapura sthita abhinandanadeva ke jinAlaya aura use mlecchoM dvArA bhaMga kiye jAne kA ullekha madanakoti' ( 12vIM-13vauM zatI ) nirvANakANDa-( 13vIM zatI I0 san ); udayakIti ( 12vIM-13vIM I0 san) aura guNakoti' (15 vIM zatI I0) ne bhI kiyA hai| isa 1. zrImanmAlavadezamaMgalapUre mleccha: pratApAgataH / bhagnA mUrtiratho bhiyojitazirAH saMpUrNatAmAyayo / yasyopadravanAzinaH kaliyuge nekaprabhAvairyutaH / sa zrImAnabhinandanaH sthirayate digvAsasau zAsanam / / 34 / / madanakIrti-zAsanacatastrizikA 2. pAsaM taha ahiNaMdaNa gAyadaha maMgalAure vaMde / / ... ... ... ... ... . .. ... . // 1 // nirvANakANDa-atizayakSetrakANDa 3. mAlavadra saMti vaMdauM bhakti visaseNarAya kaDiu Nirutta / maMgalauri vaMdauM jagi payAsa / ahiNadaNu aisayaguNaNivAsa // 7 // udayakIrtikRta tIrthavandanA( tIrthavandanAsaMgraha pR0 39 ) / 4. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-pUrvokta, pR0 162 /

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152 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha prakAra spaSTa hai ki maMgalapura meM abhinandanadeva kA eka mahimna jinAlaya jise mlecchoM ne naSTa kara diyaa| aba hamAre sAmane do prazna Ate haiM :1-jinAlaya bhagna karane vAlA mleccha kona thA ? aura 2-navanirmita jinAlaya ko dAna dene vAlA mAlavAdhipati jaya siMha kauna thA? jahA~ taka mAlavAdhipati jayasiMha kA prazna hai, use paramAra nareza devapAla (1218-39 I0 san) kA uttarAdhikArI jayatugI (jayasiMha 'dvitIya'1-1239-55 I0 san) mAnA jAtA hai, aura AkrAmaka ke saMbaMdha meM yaha spaSTa hai ki jayasiMha ke pUrva hI yahAM AkramaNa huA thA evaM usI samaya jinAlaya Adi tor3A gayA / yaha AkramaNakArI sambhavataH dillI kA gulAmavaMzIya zAsaka iltutmiza hI rahA hogA, jisane I0 san 1233 meM vidizA para adhikAra kara ujjayinI ko bhI naSTaprAya kara diyA thaa| yaha tIrtha Aja vicchinna hai| 2. oMkAraparvata kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata oMkAra parvata kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| ___ oMkAraparvata kA to anyatra ullekha nahIM milatA; parantu oMkArezvara, jisakI gaNanA 12 jyotiliGgoM meM kI jAtI hai kA ullekha avazya milatA hai aura isI oMkArezvara se oMkAraparvata ko samIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina sAhitya meM isa sthAna kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA aura abhI taka yahA~ se koI jaina purAvazeSa bhI prApta nahIM 1. premI, nAthUrAma --jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 134 2. koThiyA, darabArIlAla -"prAcIna tIrthoM kI eka paricayAtmaka kRti" candAbAIabhinandanagrantha, pR0 407-8 3. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-saMpA0-sTragila phaoNra empAyara- pR0 71 4. sarakAra, dinezacaMdra-da sTaDIja ina jyogrAphI oNpha aiMzyeMTa eNDa miDu vala iNDiyA (dvi0saM0) pR0 245 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 153 huA hai, aisI paristhiti meM jinaprabhasUri ke ukta vaktavya ko svIkAra karane meM kucha kaThinAI avazya pratIta hotI hai, parantu unake ukta bAta ko pUrNatayA asvIkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yadi yahA~ se bhI zrIzailama ke samAna hI koI abhilekha athavA jaina purAvazeSa prApta ho jAye to isa sthAna kI bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnyatA svataH siddha ho jAyegI / madhyapradeza ke nimAr3a jilAntargata mAMdhAtA ke samIpa narmadA nadI ke madhya sthita eka dvIpa oMkArezvara tIrtha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, jahA~ zaivoM kA prasiddha aura ati mahimna zivAlaya hai / isa tIrtha se bhinna narmadA ke dUsare taTa para digambaroM kA prasiddha siddhavarakUTa nAmaka tIrtha hai, jahA~ vartamAna yuga ke kaI jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM / " 3 kuDuMgezvaranAbheyadevakalpa ujjayinI nagarI meM kuDuMgezvara nAmaka eka jinAlaya thA, jise zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra avantisukamAla ke putra ne apane pitA ke maraNasthala para nirmita karAyA, jo bAda meM hinduoM ke adhikAra meM A gyaa| vikramAditya (saMvatsara pravartaka ?) ke zAsana kAla meM eka bAra AcArya siddhasena divAkara vahA~ pahuMce / ghaTanA vizeSa se unhoMne zivaliMga se tIrthaGkara pratimA ko prakaTa kiyA aura vaha punaH jainoM ke adhikAra meM A gyaa| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke "kur3a gezvara nAbhedevakalpa" ke antargata isa sthAna se sambaMdhita jaina mAnyatAoM kA yathAzruta vivaraNa diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai :-" "lATa deza meM bhRgukaccha nAmaka eka nagarI thI, vahAM sthita suprasiddha zakunikA vihAra meM vRddhavAdIsUri nAmaka eka jainAcArya rahate the / ekabAra dakSiNadeza se Aye hue karNATabhaTTa divAkara nAmaka vidvAn ko unhoMne zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara use apanA ziSya banAyA, jo 1. De, nandolAla - jyogrAphikala DiksanarI oNpha aiMzyeMTa eNDa miDuvala iNDiyA, pR05 / 2. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara - tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 183-84 /

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154 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha siddhasena divAkara ke nAma se prasiddha hae / ekabAra unhoMne apane guru se AgamoM ko saMskRta bhASA meM anuvAdita karane kI anumati mAMgI, jisase unake guru ne unheM daNDasvarUpa 12 varSa taka avadhUta ke veSa meM vicaraNa karane kA vidhAna nizcita kiyaa| apane prAyazcitta ke 12veM varSa meM bhramaNa karate hue ve ujjayinI sthita mahAkAlamaMdira meM Aye, jahA~ logoM ke bhAgraha karane para bhI unhone zivaliMga ko praNAma nahIM kiyaa| jaba vikramAditya ko yaha bAta jJAta huI to unhoMne svayaM Akara unase vahI nivedana kiyA, jisa para unhoMne zivaliMga ke khaMDita hone kI bAta kahI / parantu rAjA ke Agraha para unhoMne hAtrizikAoM kA pATha kiyA, jisase zivaliGga phaTa gayA aura usameM se AdinAtha kI pratimA prakaTa huI / yaha dekhakara rAjA baDA camatkRta huA aura muni ne use dharmalAbha diyaa| prasanna hokara rAjA ne muni ko 1 karor3a diyA aura maMdira ko grAmAdi dAna meM diyA tathA saMvat 1 caitra, guruvAra ko isa Azaya se yukta eka zAsanapaTTikA bhI zvetAmbaropAsaka brAhmaNa gautama ke putra kAtyAyana se likhvaayaa| sabhI jaTAdhArI dArzanikoM ko zvetAmbara jaina banAyA tathA sampUrNa pRthvI para jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| muni ne prasanna hokara vikramAditya ke 1199 varSa bItane para kumArapAla nAmaka eka pratApI nareza ke hone kI bhaviSyavANI kii|" / jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita siddhasenadivAkara aura vikramAditya [saMvat pravartaka ?] sambandhI kathA hameM nimnalikhita granthoM meM bhI prApta hotI hai 1--prabhAvakacarita'-prabhAcandrAcArya (I0 san 1278) 2-prabandhacintAmaNi' merutuGga (I0 san 1305) 3-purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha'-ajJAta (I0 san 15 vIM zatI lagabhaga) 4 kathAvalo-bhadrezvarasUri (I0 san 1235 ke pUrva) 5--prabaMdhakoza-rAjazekharasUri (I0 san 1348) 1. saMpA0 muni jinavijaya-pR0 54-61 2. saMpA. vahI, pR0 7 aura Age 3. saMpA0 vahI, pR0 9-10 4. saMpA0 jinavijaya-pR0 19.

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 155 6 - samyakatvasaptazatikATIkA'-zrIsaMghatilakasUri (I0 san 7.vikramacarita-zubhazIlagaNi (I0 san 1443 yA 1434 ?) jinaprabhasUri ne donoM mahApuruSoM meM ukta bheMTa kA sthAna kuDagezvara kA maMdira batalAyA hai / yahI bAta dhanezvarasUri aura prabhAcandrAcArya ne bhI kahI hai| isake viparIta prabaMdhakoza, kalyANamaMdirastotraTIkA,samyakatvasaptazatikATokA, vikramacarita Adi ke anusAra vaha mahAkAla kA maMdira thA, jaba ki purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha aura prabaMdha. cintAmaNi ke anusAra vaha gar3hamahAkAla kA maMdira thaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ukta maMdira ke 3 nAma milate haiM yathA-kuDagezvara kA madira, mahAkAlamaMdira aura gUr3hamahAkAlamaMdira / vikramAditya ke Agraha para siddhasena ne pATha kiyA, yaha pATha kauna sA thA ? isa prazna para bhI matabheda hai| kalyANamaMdirastotrataTIkA ke anusAra kalyANamaMdirastotrake pATha se liGga phaTa gayA aura pArzvanAtha kI pratimA prakaTa huii| isake viparIta vividhatIrthakalpa [ kalpa. pradIpa], kathAvalI, prabaMdhacintAmaNi, purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha aura samyakatvasaptazatikATIkA ke anusAra siddhasena ne ukta avasara para dvAtrizikAoM kA pATha kiyaa| prabhAvakacarita,prabaMdhakoza, vikramacarita aura upadezaprAsAda ke anusAra siddhasena ne "kalyANa-maMdirastotra" aura "dvAtriMzikAeM" donoM kA pATha kiyA; jisake uparAnta pArzvanAtha kI pratimA prakaTa huii| kalpapradIpa meM AdinAtha kI pratimA prakaTa hone kA ullekha hai| ku0 krAujhe ne ise graMtha sampAdaka mUni jinavijaya kI bhUla mAnA hai aura isa saMbaMdha meM unhone jo tarka diye haiM, ve bar3e mahattva ke haiM___ mUla kathA meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA hI prAdurbhAva kathita huA hogA, jisake nAmAntara "vAmAsUnu' 'vAmeya' ityAdi jinaprabha ke 1. (saMzodhaka-muni vallabhavijaya-prakA0 zreSThI devacandalAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAre, granthAGka 35, I0 san 1916 ) 2. ( saMzodhaka aura prakAzaka-paM0 bhagavAnadAsa, vi0saM0 1996 ) 7 : 55-56

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156 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha AdhArabhUta mUlagraMtha kI Adarza prati meM lekhaka kI bhUla se 'nAbhisana'. 'nAbheya' Adi meM parivartita kiye gaye aura isa bhUla ke pariNAma svarUpa zeSa parivartana pichalI pratiyoM meM kramazaH A gaye hoNge| dUsare vividhatIrthakalpa kI [a] prati meM dI gayI tIrthakalpoM kI anukramaNikA (pR0 111) tathA prastuta tIrthakalpa (naM0 47) kA nAma "kuDugezvaranAbheyadevakalpa" ke sthAna para sAtha-sAtha zrIkuDugezvarapArzva" hI likhA hai| isake alAvA "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa" meM prathama tIrthaGkara ke tIrthasthAnoM kI nAmAvalI meM na to kuDugezvara kA ullekha hai aura na ujjayinI kA hI vivaraNa hai, kintu pArzvanAtha kI tIrtha-sUcI meM "mahAkAlAntarapAtAlacakravartI" aisA nAma pAyA jAtA hai| isase bhI ukta anumAna kA samarthana hotA hai / ataH yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki ukta bimba AdinAtha kI nahIM pArzvanAtha kA hI thaa| vikramAditya dvArA siddhasena ko diye gaye dAna kA vivaraNa aura usakI samIkSA isa prakAra hai "tatazca gohRdamaNDale ca sAMvadrA prabhRtigrAmANAmekanavati, citrakUTamaNDale vasADhaprabhRtigrAmANaM caturazIti, tathA 'ghuTArasIprabhRtigrAmANaM caturvizati, mohaDavAsakamaNDale IsaroDAprabhRtigrAmANA SaTpaJcAzataM zrIkuMDagezvaraRSabhadevAya zAsanena svaniH zreyasArthamadAt / tataH zAsanapaTTikAM zrImadujjayinyAM, saMvat 1, caitra sudi 1, guro, bhATadezIyamahAkSapaTalika paramAhatazvetAmbaropAsaka brAhmaNa gautamasutakAtyAyanena rAjA'lekhayat ," / kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa pR0-89 / / arthAt "tatpazcAt ( rAjA ne apane AtmakalyANa ke lie kuDugezvaraRSabhadeva ko zAsana dvArA gohada maMDala meM sAMvadrA Adi 91 grAma, citrakaTa maMDala meM vasAr3ha Adi 84 grAma tathA ghuTArasI Adi meM 24 grAma aura mohaDavAsakamaMDala meM IsaroDA Adi 56 grAma bheMTa kiye| isake bAda rAjA ne zAsanapaTTikA ujjayinI meM caitra zukla pratipadA saMvat 1ruvAra ko bhATa deza ke nivAsI mahAakSapaTalika, paramazrAvaka zvetAmbaramatAvalambI brAhmaNa gautama ke putra kAtyAyana dvArA likhvaayaa|"

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 157 __upayukta sthAnoM meM se citra kUTa, gohnada, vasAr3ha aura ghuTArasI Adi kI alaga-alaga pahacAna kI gayI hai / gohada ko krAujhe' ne godharA aura bhATadeza ko jaisalamera ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza batalAyA hai aura zeSa nAmoM ke saMbaMdha meM unhoMne khoja kI AvazyakatA para bala diyA hai| zAsanapaTTikA likhAne vAle rAjA ko 'zrIvikramAdityadeva', kahA gayA hai aura unheM nimnalikhita vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai sarvatrAnRNIkRtavizvavizvambharAMkitanijakavatsaraH / arthAt-"jisakA eka hI nijI saMvatsara (jo cAlU hai) samasta pRthvI ko sarvatra RNa-rahita karane ke kArya se aMkita hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki jinaprabhasUri ke anusAra "saMvatsarapravartaka vikramAditya' ne zrI siddhasena divAkara dvArA pratibodhita hokara apane nijI saMvat 1 kI caitra zukla pratipadA ke dina jaina dharma agIkAra kiyA aura "kur3agezvaraRSabhadeva' ko ukta grAma samarpita kiyaa| jahA~ taka samayanirdeza kA prazna hai, graMthakAra dvArA ullikhita tithi vikramasaMvat 1 kI caitra zukla pratipadA hai| jyotiSazAstrAnusAra gaNita dvArA patA lagAyA gayA hai ki vikramasaMvat 1 arthAt 56 I0 pUrva kI caitra zukla pratipadA ko guruvAra athavA zukravAra ho sakatA hai. yadi saMvat kA prArambha kArtika se mAnA jaaye| isa rIti se bikramasaMvat kA prArambha kArtika zukla pratipadA se ginanA jaina praNAlI ke anukUla hai / ataH jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita samaya to abAdhita hai| parantu kucha anya bAtoM ke kAraNa isa vivecana kI prAmANikatA meM zaMkA utpanna ho jAtI hai-jaise citrakUTa maMDala kA ullekha / prastuta citrakUTa Aja kA cittaur3a ho sakatA hai, jise vi0saM0 609 meM citrAGgada soriyA ne basAyA thA, usI ke nAma para ise citrakUTa kahA jAne lgaa| isa AdhAra para citrakUTa kA vikrama saM0 1 meM vidyamAna honA asaMbhava hai| saMdeha kA dUsarA kAraNa hai zvetAmbara zabda / cUki nigraMthasaMgha vIranirvANa saMvat 609 meM zvetAmbara aura 1. vikramasmRtigraMtha (ujjaina saM0 2001), pR0 413 2. vahI, pR0 413 3. vahI /

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madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha digambara sampradAyoM meM vibhakta huA, ataH vi0saM01 meM zvetAmbaroM kI vidyamAnatA kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / saba se jyAdA Apatti to hai siddhasenadivAkara aura saMvatsarapravartaka vikramAditya kA samakAlIna honA, jo paM0 sukhalAlajI aura paM0 becaradAsa jI kI dRSTi meM saMdigdha hI nahIM apitu asaMbhava hai / ' ina vidvAnoM ne siddhasena ko guptakAla meM rakhA hai aura kahA hai ki yadi siddhasena ne vikramAditya ko dharmalAbha diyA hai to vaha kevala vikramAditya kI upAdhi se vibhUSita koI guptavaMzIya nareza hI ho sakatA hai / " aisI sthiti meM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki jaba donoM samakAlIna hI nahIM the to vividhatIrthakalpa kI itanI zaMkAoM se yukta vivaraNoM meM kitanA aitihAsika tathya vidyamAna haiM ? isake bAda bhI graMthakAra nimnalikhita zabdoM meM pAThakoM se vizvAsa kI mAMga karate haiM ki 158 kuDu gezvara nAbheyadevasthAnalpatejasaH / kalpaM jalpAmi lekhena dRSTvA zAsanapaTTikAm // arthAt ' zAsanapaTTikA ko dekhakara maiM mahAn tejastrI kuDu' gezvara ke kalpa ko saMkSepa meM kahUMgA / " yaha kathana usa mahAn AcArya jinaprabhasUri ke haiM jinhoMne muhammada tugalaka ko bhI jaina dharma kA hitaiSI banAyA | aise mahApuruSa kI bAta meM sandeha to nahIM karanA cAhiye aura yaha mAnanA cAhie ki unhoMne eka zAsanapaTTikA cAhe vaha zilAlekha ho yA tAmrapatra, avazya dekhI thI / parantu unhoMne usake saMbaMdha meM smRti se likhA aura vRddha paraMparAoM ke maukhika smaraNoM ke AdhAra para use Age bhI bar3hAyA, jaisA ve svayaM kahate haiM / isase spaSTa hai ki graMthakAra ne prastuta tIrtha ko ati prAcIna itihAsa kI eka AdaraNIya vastu samajhakara usakI tatkAlIna aitihAsikatA kA prazna chor3akara usake saMbaMdha meM pracalita kiMvadantiyoM ke saMgraha ke rUpa meM apanA yaha vivaraNa 'prastuta kiyA hai / " yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jisa zAsanapaTTikA ko 1. vikramasmRtigraMtha, pR0 414 / 2 . vahI / 3. vividhatIrthaMkalpa, pR0 88 / 4. vikramasmRtigraMtha pR0 415 / 6. vahI, pR0 415 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 159 unhoMne dekhA vaha vikrama ke ullekhoM se aMkita bAda ke samaya meM likhI huI nakalI zilAlekhoM athavA tAmrapatroM meM se eka thI, jo kabhI kabhI hastagata ho jAyA karate haiN| phira bhI yaha nirvivAda hai ki jisa kuDugezvaradeva kA Alambana kara aise Azaya kI eka jAlI zAsanapaTTikA banAyI jA sakI aura jisake saMbaMdha meM vRddha paramparA ke aise saMsmaraNa pracalita ho sake, usa kuDugezvaradeva kA nAma kisI samaya meM eka prasiddha vastu aura usakA maMdira eka mahimA saMyukta jaina tIrthasthAna avazya thaa|' isa bAta kA samarthana prabaMdhacintAmaNi ke antargata 'kumArapAlaprabandha' (pR0 78) ke eka vRttAnta se bhI hotA hai| usake anusAra gujarAta ke bhAvI rAjA kumArapAla vartamAna rAjA siddhasena ke bhaya se bhAgate-bhAgate mAlava deza meM kuDugezvara ke maMdira meM Ate haiM aura yahAM rakhI haI zAsanapaTikA meM isa Azaya kA eka padya par3hate haiM ki "vikrama se 1199 varSa pazcAt svayaM kumArapAla hI vikrama ke sadazya eka rAjA hoMge / ' ukta padya anya granthoM meM bhI milatA hai| mUla rUpa se upameM siddhasena divAkara vikramAditya ko sambodhita karate dikhAye gaye haiN| purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha (pR0 3 . tathA pR0 123) meM bhI kumArapAla kA yaha vRttAnta pAyA jAtA hai, parantu vahA~ kuDugezvara ke sthAna para kuNDi. gezvara zabda likhA hai aura upayukta pada siddhasena dvArA hI kathita batalAyA gayA hai| kUr3agezvara nAma ke ve ullekha bhI kuDagezvara jaina tIrtha kI vidyamAnatA kI eka aspaSTa pratidhvani samajhe jA sakate haiN| ___ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki prastuta ghaTanAoM kI raMgabhUmi prAcIna ujjayinI meM jaina dharma kA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna rhaa| rAjA samprati ne yahIM se jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| kAlakAcArya dvArA pratibodhita zaka narezoM ne bhI ujjayinI ko hI apanI rAjadhAnI banAyI thii| samprati ke samaya yahA~ jIvantasvAmI ke eka madira hone kA bhI ullekha 1. vikRmasmRtigraMtha, pR0 415 / 2. vahI, pR0 415 / 3. vahI, pR0 415 / 4. vahI, pR. 422 /

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160 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 1 milatA hai, jisake darzanArtha Arya suhasti yahA~ Aye the / purAtAttvika sAkSyoM se bhI isa bAta ke pramANa milate haiM ki yaha nagarI jaina dharma ke eka prasiddha kendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rahI / pArzvanAtha kI zAsanadevI padmAvatI kI eka pratimA yahA~ gUr3ha meM sthita kAlikAdevIke maMdirameM abhI bhI vidyamAna hai / isa pratimA kI vizAlatA se anumAna hotA hai ki vaha eka samaya pArzvanAtha kI bhavya pratimA ke pAsa eka vizAla jinA - laya meM pratiSThita rahI hogii| dUsarA pramANa hai - mahAkAlavana kI bhUmi se prApta zyAma pASANa kI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA, jo Aja gandhavatI ghATa ke pAsa sthita zvetAmbara maMdira meM avantipArzvanAtha ke nAma se pUjita hai / " isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna ujjayinI meM jaina dharmoM kA sthAna itanA UMcA thA ki usase bhI mahAkAlezvara maMdira kI utpatti kI uparyukta kalpanA ko uttejana aura itanI zatAbdiyoMparyanta pracalita rahane kI zakti prApta ho sakI / ku0 krAujhe ke uparyukta niSkarSa atyanta suvicArita aura sAmAnyarUpa se grAhya haiN| usase adhika nizcaya se isa saMbaMdha meM kucha bhI kaha pAnA kaThina hai / jaina kathAoM se ujjayinI meM zaiva aura jaina dharmoM meM paraspara pratispardhA kI bAta to spaSTa hai, parantu yaha nirNaya kara pAnA duSkara hai ki kisI tIrtha vizeSa ke vivAda ke saMdarbha se kauna paramparA prAcIna hai aura kauna apekSAkRta uttarakAlIna hai / yaha ullekhanIya hai ki vivAda saMbaMdhI jaina kathAoM kA itihAsa guptakAla se prAcIna nahIM siddha hotA aura isa samaya taka to ujjayinI zaiva dharma ke pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta ho cukI thI 1 4. canderI kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata canderI kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahAM bhagavAn ajitanAtha ke maMdira hone kI carcA hai / canderI madhyapradeza ke gunA jile meM betavA nadI ke taTa para 1. vikramasmRtigraMtha, pR0 422 / 2. vahI, pR0 422 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 161 sthita hai| sthAnIya paramparAnusAra canderI cedi janapada kI rAjadhAnI thI / bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isa janapada kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| mahAbhArata' aura purANoM meM bhI isakI carcA hai| cedi janapada vatsa janapada ke dakSiNa pazcima meM sthita thaa| isake pUrva meM kAzI, dakSiNa meM vindhyaparvata, pazcima meM avantI aura uttara-pazcima meM zUrasena janapada sthita thaa| cedi janapada ke antargata madhyapradeza ke kucha bhAga evaM buMdelakhaNDa kA pradeza tathA usake samIpavartI kSetra sammilita rhe| vibhinna yugoM meM isa janapada kI sImAyeM badalatI rhiiN| prArambha meM zuktamatI isa janapada kI rAjadhAnI rahI, parantu guptakAla meM kAliMjara ne zuktamatI kA sthAna le liyaa| pUrva madhyayuga meM kalcuriyoM kA yahAM rAjya sthApita huA, isIliye unheM cedikUla bhI kahA jAtA hai| tatkAlIna rAjanaitika pratidvaMditA meM canderI kabhI candeloM aura kabhI kalcariyoM ke adhIna rhii| grIka itihAsakAroM ne saMbhavataH isI nagarI. jise caMdrAvatI bhI kahA jAtA thA, saMdrAvatI nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| yahAM se candela nareza kArtivarmA (I san 1060-1100) ke samaya kA eka zilAlekha milA hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki usane yahAM eka durga banavAyA thA, jo nirmAtA ke nAma para kIrtidurga nAma se prasiddha huaa| isa lekha meM isa 1. pATila, DI0Ara0-kalcarala heriTeja oNpha madhyabhArata, pR0 99 / 2. rAyacaudharI, hemacandra prAcInabhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa, pR0 100-101 / 3. jaina, jagadIza candra - jainaAgamasAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR0 481 / 4. rAyacaudharI-pUrvokta, pR0 181 5. pANDeya, rAjabalI-purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, pR0 105 / 6. zAstrI, nemicandra --AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, pR0 57 / 7. De nandolAla-pUrvokta, pR0 47 / 8. pAThaka, vizuddhAnaMda-prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa, pR0 607 / 9. bAjapeyI, kRSNadatta- jyogrAphikala insAiklopIDiyA oNpha aiMzeMTa eNDa miDavala iMDiyA, pR0 87

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162 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha nagarI kA nAma caMdrapura ullikhita hai|' alabirUnI (1030I0 sn| aura ibnabatUtA (1036 I0 san) ne bhI isa nagarI kI carcA kI hai|' pRthvIrAjarAso ( 16vIM zatI ) aura Aina-e-akabaro meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai| canderI nagarI evaM usake AsapAsa ke nikaTavartI kSetroM se madhyayugIna aneka pratimAoM evaM maMdiroM ke avazeSa prApta hue haiM, jinameM jaina maMdiroM evaM tIrthaGkaroM kI pratimAyeM bhI haiM, saubhAgya se inameM se kucha para abhilekha bhI utkINaM haiM, jinake adhyayana se isa kSetra meM jainadharma kI sthiti para nayA prakAza par3a sakatA hai| vi0saM0 1457 meM canderIpaTa paTa kI sthApanA hii|5 bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti aura unake uttarAdhikAriyoM ne isa kSetra meM jaina dharma ko lokapriya banAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| canderI me 8 mIla dUra aTera nadI ke dakSiNI taTa para bUDhIcanderI yA prAcIna canderI sthita hai, jo aba eka ujAr3a grAma mAtra hai| yahAM 10vIM se 12vIM zatI ke maMdiroM va bhavanoM ke khaNDahara vidyamAna haiN|" yahAM kI pratimAyeM aba canderI tathA anya sthAnoM para saMrakSita haiN| canderI ke nikaTa sthita 'gurila kA pahAr3a' aura 'khaNDArapahAr3o' se bhI jaina maMdira aura pratimAoM ke avazeSa mile mile haiM / canderI aura usake nikaTavartI sthAnoM se prApta purAvazeSoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra 1. pATila-pUrvokta, pR0 99 / 2. madhyabhArata mArganirdezikA, pR0 33 / 3. bAjapeyI--pUrvokta, pR0 87 / 4. ghoSa, amalAnaMda-jaina kalA aura sthApatya-khaMDa 2, pR0 356 / 5. vahI, pR0 356 / / 6. vhii| 7. kaniMghama-ArkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA riporTa jilda 2; pR0 403; gardai, ema0vI0----gAiDa TU canderI, pR0 4; pATila, DI0Ara0-da DiksakRpTiva eNDa klAsiphAiDa lisTa oNpha mAnumenTsa ina madhyabhArata, saMkhyA 297 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 163 canderI meM 3 jaina maMdira haiN| inameM se do digambara AmnAya ke haiM aura eka zvetAmbara AmnAya se sambandhita hai| yaha jinAlaya arvAcIna hai| digambaroM ke jo do jinAlaya haiM unameM se eka apekSAkRta prAcIna hai| isa jinAlaya meM kucha madhyayugIna jaina pratimAyeM haiM, saubhAgya se unameM se kucha para lekha bhI haiM / unakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai --- pArzvanAtha kI pratimA - vi0 saM0 1252 kA lekha padmAvatI kI pratimA - vi0 saM0 1291 kA lekha tIrthaGkara pratimA - vi0 saM0 1316 kA lekha digambara AmnAya kA dUsarA jinAlaya vi0 saM0 1893 meM nirmita hai, jisameM 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI vizAla pratimAyeM pratiSThita bUr3hIcanderI meM bhI 11vI 12vIM zatI ke pAMca jaina maMdira khaNDahara ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| canderI durga aura karIghATI ke madhya khaNDArapahAr3I meM caTTAnoM ko kATakara mUrtiyAM va guphAyeM banAyI gayI haiN| ina guphAoM kI saMkhyA 6 hai| inameM se 5 solahavIM zatI meM tathA eka 13vIM zatI meM nirmita hai| isa prAcIna guphA meM vi0 saM0 1132 kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai| guphA meM 10 tIrthaGkara pratima yeM tathA 13 yakSI pratimAyeM haiM, ina para vi0saM0 1283 ke lekha utkIrNa batAye jAte haiN|" - canderI se 6 kimI0 dUra muMgAvalI tahasIla ke siddhapurA nAmaka grAma meM eka pahAr3I hai, jise gurilAgiri kahate haiM / isa pahAr3I para pAr3AzAha nAmaka eka jaina zrAvaka ne 12vIM zatI meM zAntinAtha ke 1. gvAliyara purAtattva riporTa ( 1924-25 ) pR0 12 / 2. vahI, pR0 12 / 3. vhii| 4. zarmA, rAjakumAra-madhyapradeza ke purAtattva kA saMdarbhagraMtha, saMkhyA 1270 / 5. jaina, balabhadra-bhArata ke digambara jainatIrtha, bhAga 3; pR0 97-99 / 6. gvAliyara purAtattva riporTa-(1924-25) pR0 12 /

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164 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha eka maMdira kA nirmANa kraayaa| bAda meM yahAM 10-12 aura maMdira bhI nirmita karAye gaye, parantu Aja yahAM sirpha do maMdira hI vidyamAna haiM, unameM se eka meM zAntinAtha kI vizAla pratimA mUlanAyaka ke rUpa pratiSThita hai, isake alAvA anya tIrthaGkaroM kI bhI choTI-choTI pratimAyeM isameM rakhI gayI haiN| dUsare maMdira meM kula 26 jina pratimAyeM haiM, ye zyAma pASANa se nirmita aura sira-vihIna haiM / isa maMdira kI dIvAra para vi0 saM0 1307 kA eka abhilekha utkIrNa hai| ukta donoM maMdira bhI digambara AmnAya se sambaddha haiN| ___ uparokta vivaraNoM se siddha hotA hai ki canderI aura usake nikaTavartI sthAnoM meM jaina dharma kA vistRta prabhAva thaa| yahAM se prApta jina pratimAyeM digambara sampradAya se sambandhita haiN| 16vIM zatI se yahAM zvetAmbaroM ke upasthiti kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai, parantu digambaroM kI apekSA unakI saMkhyA nyUna hI rhii| jahAM taka jinaprabhasUri dvArA yahAM ajitanAtha ke maMdira hone ke ullekha kA prazna hai, yaha to spaSTa hai ki Aja yahAM ukta tIrthaGkara kA koI maMdira vidyamAna nahIM hai, saMbhava hai ki unake samaya meM yahAM ajitanAtha koI maMdira yahAM 'hA ho| ___ aba hamAre sAmane yaha prazna uThatA hai ki jinaprabhasUri ne isa tIrtha kA, jo madhyayuga meM digambara sampradAya se sambandhita rahA, sAmpradAyika dveSavaza eka zvetAmbara tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dilAne hetu ullikhita kiyA hai athavA sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA se dUra rahate hue eka jaina tIrtha 1 jaina, balabhadra-pUrvokta, pR0 99 / 2. vahI, pR0 99 / 3. AkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, ainuala riporTa 1924-25, pR0 167 / 4. jaina, balabhadra-pUrvokta, pR0 100 / 5. haMsasoma dvArA vi0 saM0 1556 ke pazcAt likhI gayI pUrvadezIyacaityaparipATI [prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha-( saMpAdaka. vijayadharmasUri ) ke antargata prakAzita] meM canderI ke zvetAmbara jaina saMgha dvArA saM0 1556 meM pUrvadezIya tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane kA ullekha hai /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 165 hone ke kAraNa ullikhita kiyA hai| yadi vAstava meM aisA hI hai ki jinaprabhasari ne tIrthoM kA ullekha karate samaya unake kisI sampradAya vizeSa se sambaddha hone ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA hai, to yaha tathya apane Apa meM bar3e mahattva kA hai| jaina saMgha meM sAmpradAyika bheda kA prArambhika itihAsa abhI bhI aspaSTa hai, parantu itanA to nizcita hai ki jinaprabhasUri ke samaya taka zvetAmbara-digambara bheda bhalIbhAMti pratiSThita rahA, balki isake bhI pramANa haiM ki ina donoM ke aneka Antarika bheda bhI ho cuke the / jinaprabhasUri kharataragaccha ke the, parantu yaha sambhava nahIM lagatA ki unhoMne apane samaya ke vibhinna jaina kendroM kA ullekha sabhI ko apane sampradAya se sambandhita karane ke uddezya se kiyA ho, kyoMki yadi aisA hotA to kalpapradIpa ke vibhinna kalpoM meM yaha bhAvanA nizcitarUpa se prativimbi ho jAtI / unake vivaraNoM meM kendroM ko spaSTa rUpa se zvetAmbara kahA gayA hotA athavA yaha digambaroM kA nahIM hai, aisA saMketa prApta hotA aura yatra-tatra digambaroM kI AlocanA bhI kI jAtI, para aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| ataH do hI prakAra ke niSkarSa saMbhava haiM-prathamataH jina tIrthoM kA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai, ve zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI mAnyatA prApta rahe aura dvitIya unake samaya taka bhI zvetAmbara aura digambaroM meM vizeSa vidveSa kI bhAvanA nahIM thI tathA jinaprabhasUri kA svayaM apanA dhArmika dRSTikoNa atyanta udAra thaa| yadyapi canderI digambara sampradAya kA eka pramukha kendra rahA hai, parantu upalabdha digambara athavA zvetAmbara sampradAya ke granthoM meM isakI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM koI carcA nahIM miltii| jinaprabhasUri ekamAtra jaina granthakAra haiM, jo canderI ko eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita karate haiN| isa dRSTi se kalpapradIpa kA ukta vivaraNa bar3e mahattva kA hai| 5. DhIpurI tIrtha jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata DhIMpurI tIrtha para do kalpa likhe haiM 1-ThIpurItIrthakalpa

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166 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 2-DhIpurIstava apane vivaraNa meM granthakAra ne isa tIrtha kI utpatti, usake nirmAtA aura tIrtha ke khyAti kI carcA kI hai| isa sambandha meM unhoMne vaGkacala nAmaka eka rAjaputra dvArA, jo apane durAcArI pravRtti ke kAraNa svagRha se niSkAsita kara diyA thA, eka jaina muni dvArA batAye gaye cAra vratoM ke pAlana karane se prApta supariNAmoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai / unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isaprakAra haiM "prAcIna kAla meM bhAratavarSa meM vimalayaza nAmaka eka rAjA rAjya karate the| unheM puSpacUla aura puSpacUlA nAmaka do santAneM thiiN| sva. bhAva se atyanta udRNDa hone ke kAraNa puSpacala ko vacala kahA jAne lgaa| eka dina rAjA ne usake bure AcaraNa se taMga Akara use mahala se nikAla diyaa| usake sAtha usakI bahana puSpacalA bhI snehavaza calI gyii| mArga meM ve bhISaNa jaMgala meM par3a gaye aura bhUkha-pyAsa se pIr3ita hue, vahAM bhIloM ne unakI prANa rakSA kI aura unheM rAjaputra jAnakara apanI pallI meM le Aye tathA vaGkacUla ko pallIpati kA pada pradAna kiyaa| bhIloM ke sAtha aba vacala bhI mArga se Ane vAle sArthoM ko laTa kara apanA jIvana yApana karane lgaa| ekabAra varSAvAsa hetu kucha jaina muni usa pallI meM Aye, jahAM vakacala ne unakA svAgata kiyA aura unheM Thaharane kI suvidhA pradAna kii| varSAvAsa kI samApti para jaba munigaNa jAne lage, taba unhoMne vakacala ko cAra vratoM ko dhAraNa karane kA upadeza diyaa| ve cAroM vrata isa prakAra haiM - 1-ajJAta phala na khAnA, 2-ATha hAtha pIche haTakara vAra karanA, 3-paTarAnI se samAgama na karanA aura 4-kauve kA mAMsa na khaanaa| vakacala ne inakA pAlana kiyaa| prathama vrata ke pAlana se usakI prANa rakSA huii| dvitIya vrata ke pAlana se usakI patnI evaM bahana ke prANa bace / aba usakI prasannatA kA ThikAnA na rahA / eka jaina muni se AjJA lekara usane carmaNavatI ke taTa para UMce zikharoM vAlA eka jinAlaya banavAyA aura mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM usameM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA sthApita kara dii| bAda meM use carmaNavatI nadI ke tala se bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI bhI eka pratimA prApta huI, use bhI usane ukta jinAlaya meM sthApita kara dii| usakI pallI, jo pahale siMhapallI ke

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 167 nAma se jAnI jAtI thI, aba DhIpurI ke nAma se prasiddha ho gyii| yAtrIsaMgha vahAM Ane lge| isI prakAra tRtIya vrata ke pAlana se use mAlavarAja ke sAmanta kA pada milA aura cauthe se mokSa prApta huaa|" ___ "DhoMpurIstava' nAmaka kalpa ke antargata unhoMne vaGkacUla dvArA nirmita jinAlaya, usameM rakhI pratimAoM tathA vahAM apanI yAtrA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isaprakAra hai __ "carmaNavatI ke taTa para sthita vizAla zikharoM vAlA mahAvIra svAmI ke jinAlaya kA nirmANa vaGkacUla dvArA sampanna karAyA gayA hai| isameM pArzvanAtha kI carmaNavatI se prApta pratimA bhI sthApita kI gayI, jo mahAvIra kI pratimA kI apekSA bahuta choTI hai ataH yaha cellaNa pArzvanAtha ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa jinAlaya meM AdinAtha evaM neminAtha kI bhI pratimAyeM haiN| maMdira ke dvAra para aMbikA tathA kSetrapAla kI pratimA sthApita haiN| prativarSa SauSa dazamI ko yahAM utsava hote haiM / zaka samvat 1251 meM unhoMne (graMthakAra ne) isa tIrtha kI saMgha ke sAtha yAtrA kii|" __ vaGkacUla kI kathA kA ullekha karane vAlA sarvaprathama graMtha hai dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa' jo AcArya kRSNaSi ke ziSya jayasiMhasUri dvArA vi0saM0 915/I0 san 859 meM racA gyaa| isake pazcAt kalpapradIpa meM ukta kathA pAyI jAto hai jise binA kisI parirvatana ke rAjazekharane prabandhakoza meM ullikhita kara liyA aura jinaprabha kA kahIM nAmollekha bhI nahIM kiyaa| 15vIM se 18vIM zatI ke aneka racanAkAroM ne bhI isa kathA kA varNana kiyA hai, inameM jaina aura jainetara donoM zAmila haiM, parantu jinaprabha aura rAjazekhara ko chor3akara kisI anya granthakAra ne DhIpurI tIrtha aura vahAM vaGkacala dvArA nirmita jinAlaya kA koI ullekha 1. "satpuruSa-saGga vaGkacUlikathA''---dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa ( saM0 lAla canda bhagavAna gAMdhI ) pR0 67-72 / / 2. "atha vaGkacUlaprabandhaH"-prabandhakoza (saM0 muni jinavijaya ) pR0 75-78 / 3. nAhaTA, agaracandra-"vaGkacUla kI kathA kI prAcInatA evaM tatsambandhI racanAyeM," jainasiddhAntabhAskara, jilda 22, pR0 51-56 /

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168 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha nahIM kiyA hai| DhIpurIstava meM jinaprabha ne jinAlaya kI pratimAoM aura vahAM ke vArSika utsava, yAtriyoM ke darzanArtha yahAM Ane tathA zaka saM0 1251 meM saMgha ke sAtha svayaM yahAM kI yAtrA karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / jahAM taka yahAM yAtriyoM ke yAtrArtha Ane kA ullekha hai, usase yahI samajhanA cAhie ki yahAM grAma ke Asa pAsa ke loga hI darzanArtha Ate rahe hoNgeN| svayaM jinaprabhasUri bhI dillI se devagiri jAte samaya hI yahAM Aye rahe hoNgeN| DhIpurI tIrtha ke sambandha meM do bAteM vicAraNIya haiM-prathama to kalpapradIpa ko chor3akara kisI anya pUrvavartI jaina granthoM meM isa tIrtha kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA aura dvitIya-yaha tIrtha Aja vilupta hai| isa sambandha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha tIrtha usa bhIla samudAya dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA thA, jisakA kArya kevala nagara, grAma tathA mArga meM Ane vAle sArthoM ko laTanA thA aura dUsare vana (jaMgala) meM sthita hone ke kAraNa yaha tIrtha kabhI jainoM ke AkarSaNa kA kendra na bana sakA, anyathA jaina granthakAroM ne isakA ullekha avazya kiyA hotA / kAlacakra ke prabhAva se dhIre-dhIre yaha tIrtha vicchinna ho gayA aura Aja isakA astitva kevala kalpapradIpa aura prabandhakoza taka hI sImita hai| jahAM taka isa tIrtha kI bhaugolika sthiti kA prazna hai, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki mAlavadeza meM carmaNavatI ke taTa para hI kahIM yaha sthita rahA hogaa| 1. kalpapradIpa ke 'kanyAnayanIyamahAvIrakalpa' meM kahA gayA hai ki jinaprabha ne sultAna ke Adeza se dillI se devagiri (daulatAbAda) kI yAtrA kii| 'kanyAnayanIyamahAvIrakalpapariveza meM kahA gayA hai ki AcArya jinaprabha ne sultAna se pharamAna prApta hote hI 3 varSa se kucha kama samaya taka rahakara dillI ke liye prasthAna kiyA aura saM0 1389 meM dillI pahu~ca gye| DiMpurItIrthastava meM svayaM jinaprabha ne zaka saM0 1251/ vi.saM. 1386 meM saMghasahita yahA~ kI yAtrA karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / ataH yaha mAnanA truTirahita hogA ki unhoMne dillI se devagiri jAte samaya hI mArga meM sthita DhipurItIrtha kI bhI yAtrA kara lI hogii|

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 169 6 dazapura jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata dazapura kA tIna sthaloM para ullekha kiyA hai prathama to caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata jahAM unhoMne isa nagarI meM bhagavAn supArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI dvitIya pATaliputrakalpa me jahAM unhoMne AryarakSitasUri ko dazapura nagarI kA nivAsI batalAyA hai| dazapura nagarI ko zivanA nadI ke taTa para sthita Adhunika mandasaura se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| prAcInakAla meM dazapura kI gaNanA bhAratavarSa ke pramukha nagariyoM meM hotI thii| sAMskRtika eva rAjanaitikadonoM dRSTiyoM se isakA vizeSa mahattva thaa| zaka-kSatrapakAla meM isakI gaNanA mahattvapUrNa tIrthasthAnoM meM kI jAtI rhii| gupta aura guptottara yugoM meM yaha nagarI aulikaravaMzIya rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI rhii| kAlidAsa aura vArAhamihira (I0 san 6ThIM zatI) ne bhI isa nagarI kA ullekha kiyA hai|5 mArkaNDeyapurANa aura skandapurANa meM bhI isa nagarI kI carcA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM dazapura kA ullekha nahIM milatA, ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha sthAna bauddhoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa nahIM rhaa| ___ jaina sAhitya meM dazapura kA vistAra se varNana prApta hotA hai| jaina Agamika grantha *vazyakasUtra kI niyukti, cUrNI aura vRttiyoM meM isa nagarI ke vyutpatti kA sundara vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / 1. bhaTTAcArya, pI0 ke0-"hisTaoNrikala jyogrAphI oNpha madhyapradeza" pR0 205 / 2. lAhA, vimalAcaraNa--prAcInabhAratakAaitihAsikabhUgola, pR0 559 560 / 3. trivedI, candrabhUSaNa-dazapura (bhopAla, 1979 ) pR0 1 / 4. vahI, pR0 1 / 5. vahI, pR0 3 6. vahI

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170 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha jaina paramparAnusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya sindhu-sauvIra deza kA rAjA udAyana thA, usake pAsa mahAvIra kI kASThacandana kI eka pratimA thI, jo jIvantasvAmo ke nAma se vikhyAta thii| usakI patnI prabhAvatI use nitya pUjatI rhii| rAnI ke mRtyoparAnta udAyana ne devadattA nAmaka eka dAsI ko pUjA ke liye ukta pratimA sauMpa diyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt usa dAsI kA ujjayinI ke rAjA caNDapradyota ne apaharaNa kara liyaa| devadattA apane sAtha jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA bhI letI gayI aura usake sthAna para usakI pratikRti chor3a gyii| udAyana ko jaba bAta jJAta huI to usane pradyota kA pIchA kiyA aura parAsta kara use bandI banA liyaa| sahadharmI hone ke kAraNa bAda meM udAyana ne use mukta kara diyA aura ukta pratimA bhI use vApasa kara apane deza ke liye prasthAna kiyA / vApasa lauTate samaya varSA Rtu A jAne se vaha jaMgala meM hI varSAvAsa ke liye ruka gyaa| usake sAtha 10 anya rAjA bhI the, ataH unhoMne vahIM nagara basAyA aura usakA nAma dazapura rkhaa| jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ko vahIM navanirmita jinAlaya meM sthApita kiyA gayA aura usa nagarI kI Aya bhI ukta jinAlaya ko samarpita kara dI gayI / vIranirvANa ke 522 varSa pazcAt AryarakSitasUri kA isa nagarI meM janma huaa| unake pitA kA nAma somadeva aura mAtA kA 1. udAyaNo sasAhaNeNa paDiNiyatto, pajjoo vi baddho khaMdhAvAre vijjati / udAyaNo Agao, jAva dasapurohase tattha varisAkAlo jaato| dasa vi mauDabaddharAyANo NiveseNa Thito / .. .. .. nizIthacUrNI, tRtIya bhAga, pR0 147 / 2. ii) AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR. 401 (ii) niDAle ya se aMkoM kao dAsIpatiA udAyaNaraNNo, pacchA Niya yaNagaraM mahAvio, paDimA necchai, antarAvAseNa ubaddho Thio, tAhe ukkhaMdabhayeNa dasa vi rAyANo dhUliyAgAre karettA ThiyA / ..... tAhe taM dasapuraM jAyaM / haribhadrasUri kRta Avazyakavatti pR0 299-300 3. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM dazapuraM nagaraM, tattha somadevo vaMbhaNI aDDo, rodasommA bhAriyA samaNovAsiyA, tesi putte rakkhie NAma daare...| AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 397

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171 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana nAma rudrasomA thaa| tosalIputra se unhoMne dIkSA prApta kI aura vairasvAmI se 9 pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyaa| unhoMne apane parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| anuyogadvAra nAmaka sUtra ko unhoMne vIra saM0 592 meM kathAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga aura gaNitAnuyoga ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA / vIra nirvANa samvat 597 meM unakI dazapura meM hI mRtyu huii|' unakA eka ziSya goSThAmihila isa nagarI meM sAtavAM niva huaa| ___ uparokta paramparAgata vivaraNoM ke alAvA hamAre pAsa aisA koI sAhityika aura purAtAttvika sAkSya nahIM haiM, jinake AdhAra para prAcIna kAla meM isa kSetra meM jaina dharma kI sthiti para prakAza DAlA jA ske| parantu madhyayuga ke prArambha meM hI yaha nagarI jaina dharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki maMdasaura aura isake nikaTavartI sthAnoM yathA-kothar3I, kohalA, ghusai. cainapura, nimathUra, kukkuDezvara, kethulI, macalapura, vaikher3A, pUrAgilAnA aura sandhArA Adi se bar3I saMkhyA meM madhyayugIna jaina pratimAoM aura maMdiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa prApta hue haiN|' isase spaSTa hotA hai ki madhyayuga ke prArambha se hI yahAM jaina dharma unnata dazA meM vidyamAna rhaa| aisI paristhiti meM jinaprabha dvArA ise jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita karanA svAbhAvika hI hai| * vidizA vidizA dazArNa janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura bhAratavarSa kI eka pramukha nagarI ke rUpa meM prAcIna kAla se hI pratiSThita rahI hai / 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pUrvabhAga, pR0 400-401, 406, 411; sthAnAMgavatti (abhayadeva) pR0 413 vistAra ke liye draSTavya-mehatA aura candrA-pUrvokta, pR0 361-62, 2. AvazyakacUrNI-pUrvabhAga, pR0 411-14 3. zarmA, rAjakumAra-madhyapradeza ke purAtattva kA saMdarbhagrantha, pR0.272 316 /

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172 madhya bhArata ke jaina tIrtha brAhmaNIya,' bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isake bAre meM sundara vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / maurya yuga meM yaha dakSiNApatha kI eka pramukha nagarI thii| gupta yuga meM bhI eka prasiddha nagarI ke rUpa meM isakA mahatva banA rhaa| pUrvamadhyayuga meM vidizA kA itihAsa andhakArapUrNa ho jAtA hai aura usake sthAna para 'bhAilasvAmigar3ha' kA udaya hotA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki bhAilasvAmin yahAM sthita eka vizAla maMdira meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita sUryadeva kI pratimA kA nAma thA, bAda meM yahI nAma isa nagarI ke lie bhI prayukta hone lgaa| 11vIM zatI meM alabirUnI' aura 12vIM zatI meM hemacandrAcArya ne isa nagarI kA ullekha kiyA hai| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke 'caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata isa nagarI kA ullekha karate hue yahAM devAdhideva ke mandira hone kI bAta kahI hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra ujjayinI ke rAjA caNDapradyota ne vidizA nagarI kA nAma bhAilasvAmina rakhA aura yahAM eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA usameM udAyana se prApta jIvantasvAmI kI kASTha candana se nirmita pratimA sthApita kii| AryamahAgiri aura suhasti 1. sarakAra, dinezacandra-sTaDIja ina jyogrAphI oNpha ainziyanTa eNDa miDuvala iMDiyA, pR0 43 / 2. bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI.---hisTorikala jyogrAphI oNpha madhyapradeza, pR0 194 / 3. mehatA aura candrA-prAkRta prApara nemsa, pR0 660 / 4. bhaTTAcArya-pUrvokta-pR0 197 / 5. pATila, DI0 Ara0 ---kalcarala heriTeja Apha madhyabhArata, (gvAliyara 1952) pR0 98-99 / / 6. trizaSTizalAkA puruSacarita-hemacandra, parva 10,sarga 2, zlo0 604 7. vhii| 8. jaina, jagadIzacandra-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 57 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 173 ne ukta pratimA ke darzanArtha yahAM kI yAtrA kI thii|' isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki isa kSetra se jaina dharma kA prAcIna kAla se hI sambandha rahA hai| vidizA aura usake nikaTavartI sthAnoM se prApta jaina purAvazeSoM se bhI isa kSetra meM jaina dharma kI prAcInatA spaSTa hotI hai| hAla meM hI vidizA ke nikaTa durjanapura nAmaka sthAna se mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta ke zAsana kAla kI abhilekhayukta 3 jinapratimAyeM prApta huI haiN| isa abhilekha se gupta kAla meM jaina dharma kI sthiti ke sAtha-sAtha guptakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa para bhI mahattvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai| vidizA ke samIpa udayagiri nAmaka pahAr3I para 20 guphAyeM haiM isameM se pahalI aura bIsavIM jaina dharma se sambandhita haiM / 2 guphA naM0 20 meM gupta sambat 506 arthAt I. san 416 kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai| yaha lekha kumAragupta 'prathama' / I0 san 412-455 ) ke samaya kA hai| abhilekha ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA ko gozramaNa ke ziSya zaMkara ne nirmita kraayaa| gozramaNa AryakUla ke bhadrAcArya ke ziSya the| isaprakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki guptayuga meM bhI isa kSetra meM jaina dharma kI lokapriyatA vidyamAna rhii| pUrva madhyayuga aura madhya yuga meM bhI isa kSetra meM jaina dharma unnata dazA meM vidyamAna rahA isa yuga meM yahAM aneka jinAlayoM aura utkRSTa jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa huA, jinake avazeSa Aja hameM vidizA aura usake nikaTavartI sthAnoM jaise udayagiri, gyArasapura, baDoha, udayapura, varanagara Adi sthAnoM se prApta hue haiN| aisI sthiti meM 14vIM zatI meM jinaprabhasUri dvArA vidizA ko jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita karanA svAbhAvika hI hai| 1. jaina, jagadIzacandra-pUrvokta pR0 57 / 2. jarnala oNpha da oriyaNTala iMsTiTyUTa, bar3audA, jilda 18, kramAMka 30 pR0 347 aura aage| 3. zarmA, rAjakumAra - pUrvokta, pR0 273 4. inDiyana enTIkverI-jilda xi pR0 309-10 5. lekha-paMkti-10, vahI, pR0 310 6. ghoSa, amalAnanda-pUrvokta, pR0 357 7. zarmA, rAjakumAra-pUrvokta, pR0 272-292

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pazcima bhArata isa adhyAya meM kalpapradIpa ke una tIrthoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai, jo pazcima bhArata ( rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ) kI sImA ke antargata sthita haiM / ina prAntoM ke tIrthoM kA alaga-alaga varNakramAnusAra vivaraNa prastuta haipazcimI bhArata (a) rAjasthAna 1 - arbadagiri 2 - upakezapura 3 - karaTaka / karer3A ) 4 - nandivardhana ( nAMdiyA ) 5 - nAgahRda ( nAgadA ) 6 - nANA (nAnA ) 7 - pallI (pAlI ) 8 - phalavadhikA ( phalodhI ) 9 - mu MDasthala ( mugathalA ) 10 - zuddhadantI ( sojata ) 11 - satyapura ( sAMcaura ) adhyAya- --da (ba) gujarAta- saurASTra 1 - ajAharA ( ajArI ) 2 - amburiNIgrAma ( AmaraNa ) aNahilapUra 4 azvAvabodhatIrthaM 3 5 - ujjayantagiri ( giranAra ) 6- kAzahRda - -kokAvasatipArzvanAtha 7 8 - kheTaka ( kher3A ) 9 - khaGgAragar3ha ( jUnAgar3ha ) 10 - tAraNa ( tAraGgA ) 11- dvArakA 12 - nagaramahAsthAna ( vaDanagara ) 13-- pATalAnagara 14 -- prabhAsapATana 15 - moDheraka ( mor3herA ) 16 - rAmasaina 17 - valabhI 18 - vAyaDa 19 - zatruJjaya -

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pazcima bhArata (1) rAjasthAna rAjasthAna * phalA~dhI jodhapura osiyAM sojata pAlI mAravAr3a . jAlora mevAr3a satyapura sirohI nAgahada karer3A AbU - nANA muMgathalA nAdiyA)

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 20 - zaMkhezvara 21 - siMhapura ( sihora ) 22 -- stambhanaka ( thAmaNA ) 23 - stambhatIrtha ( khaMbhAta ) 1. arbudagirikalpa agara jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai / uttarakAlIna jainasAhitya meM isake bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / yahA~ vimalavasahI aura lUNavasahI nAmaka do jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, jo apanI utkRSTa kalA ke kAraNa jagavikhyAta haiN| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrthaM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura isake bAre meM pracalita mAnyatAoM, vimalavasahI aura lUNavasahI ke nirmANa, vidhvaMsa evaM punarnirmANa Adi kA tithikramAnusAra vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM 175 "pUrva kAla meM zrIratnamAlanagarI meM 'zrIpuJja' nAmaka eka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / usake 'zrImAtA' nAmaka eka putrI thI, jo vAnaramukhavAlI thI / zrImAtA ko apane pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta yAda thA, jise eka dina usane apane pitA se btaayaa| rAjA ne use arbudaparvata para bhejakara vahA~ sthita kuNDa meM usakA mukha DubavAyA, jisase vaha nArI ke samAna mukhavAlI ho gayI aura vahIM tapazcaryA karane lagI / eka dina vahA~ eka yogI ne use dekhA aura usake rUpa-lAvaNya para mugdha ho use apanI patnI banAnA cAhA / zrImAtA ne chala se usakA vadha kara diyA aura Ajanma akhaNDa brahmacarya kA pAlana karate hue vaha svargaM gayo / tatpazcAt rAjA ne vahIM usakA eka mandira banavA diyA / laukika dharma meM isa parvata kA arbuda nAma par3ane ke sambandha meM eka kathA pracalita hai, jisake anusAra yaha himAlaya kA putra thA aura isakA nAma nandivardhana thA / bAda meM arbuda nAga kA yahA~ adhiSThAna hone se isakA nAma 'arbudagiri' pracalita ho gayA / isa parvata para aneka sumdara-sundara vRkSa haiM, inase bahuta sI auSadhiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / yahA~ vaziSThAzrama, mandAkinI, acalezvara, gomukhayakSa Adi laukika tIrthaM haiM / vi0 saM0 1088 meM mantrIzvara vimala ne yahA~ 'vimalavasahI' kA nirmANa

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176 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha kraayaa| isI prakAra vi0 saM0 1288 meM tejapAla ne 'lUNavasahI' kA nirmANa kraayaa| muslima AkrAmakoM ne ina donoM maMdiroM ko kSatigrasta kara diyA, tatpazcAt vi0 saM0 1378 meM mahaNasiMha ke putra lalla ne 'vimalavasahI' tathA caNDasiMha ke putra pethar3a ne 'lUNavasahI' kA punarnirmANa kraayaa| caulukyanareza kumArapAla ne bhI yahA~ parvatazikhara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA eka caitya nirmita kraayaa|" AbU parvata para zrImAtA ( kuMArI kanyA ) kA eka mandira vidya. mAna hai / isa devI ( zrImAtA ) ke bAre meM sthAnIya logoM meM bhI prAyaH usI prakAra kI kiMvadantI pracalita hai| jaisA jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita hai| abuMdagiri ke nAmakaraNa sambandhI jo bAta jinaprabha ne batalAyI hai, vaha mahAbhArata tathA purANoM meM vistRta rUpa se kahI gayI hai| rAma ke guru vaziSTha kA Azrama yahIM thA, yaha bAta brAhmaNIya paramparA ke purANoM se jJAta hotI hai| ____ Aja yahA~ vaziSThAzrama nAmaka jo mandira vidyamAna hai vaha vi0saM0 1394 ke lagabhaga nirmita karAyA gayA hai| yahA~ eka kuMDa bhI hai jisameM pASANa nirmita gAya ke mukha se sadaiva jala kI eka kSINa dhArA giratI rahatI hai, yaha 'gomukhakuNDa' ke nAma se prasiddha hai / " jinaprabhasUri ne saMbhavataH isI ko 'gomukhayakSa' ke nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai / 'acalezvara' evaM 'mandAkinI' Adi jina laukika tIrthoM kI granthakAra ne carcA kI hai ve Aja bhI yahA~ vidyamAna haiM / acalagar3ha ke nIce talahaTI meM 'acalezvaramahAdeva' kA eka prAcIna evaM mahimna maMdira hai| isake cAroM ora cahAradIvArI hai| brAhmaNIya paramparAnusAra 'acalezvaramahAdeva' AbU ke adhiSThAyaka deva mAne jAte haiN| AbU pahale paramAroM, tatpazcAt cAhamAnoM ke adhIna rahA / cAhamAnoM ne 'acale1. muni jayantavijaya-AbU, bhAga-1 pR0 205, pAdaTippaNI 2. mahAbhArata kI nAmAnukramaNikA, pR0 24; ___Dave, J.H. Immortal India Vol. III, p. 61 3. kANe, pI0 vI0-dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR0 1404 4. muni jayantavijaya, pUrvokta, pR0 234 5. vahI, pR0 195-200

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 177 zvara mahAdeva' ko apane kuladevatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA thA / yaha maMdira prAcIna hai, parantu aneka bAra isakA punarnirmANa karAyA gayA hai | yahA~ se vi0saM0 1294. vi0saM0 9343, vi0 saM0 1377 tathA vi0saM0 387 evaM bAda ke kaI lekha prApta hue haiM jo isa zivAlaya ke punarnirmANa, dAna Adi kI carcA karate haiM / " isI maMdira ke pAsa 'mandAkinI' nAmaka eka kuMDa hai, jisakI lambAI 900 phuTa tathA caur3AI 240 phuTa ke lagabhaga hai / vimalazAha ne vi0 saM0 1088 meM yahA~ vimalavasahI kA nirmANa karAyA, aisA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai / parantu yahA~ se 'vimalazAha' kA athavA usake samaya kA aisA koI bhI abhilekha prApta nahIM huA hai, jisameM ukta bAta kI carcA ho / vimalavasahI se prApta sabase prAcIna abhilekha meM jo devakulikA naM. 13, vi0 saM0 1119 / I0 san 1063 kA hai, zAntamAtya kI patnI zivadevI dvArA pratimA sthApita karane kI carcA hai / isa abhilekha meM vimala athavA usake dvArA nirmita maMdira kI koI carcA nahIM milatI, parantu pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI aisA vizvAsa banA rahA ki isa maMdira kA nirmANa 'vimalazAha' ne karAyA / yaha kathAnaka 14-15vIM zatI ke granthoM se prApta hotA hai / vimala vasahI se prApta do anya abhilekha, jo vi0 saM0 ke 13vIM zatI ke madhya ke haiM, isa bAta kA samarthana karate haiM ki yaha maMdira vimala dvArA nirmita karAyA gayA / udAharaNa ke liye devakulikA naM0 10 se prApta lekha, jo vi0 saM0 1201 / I0 san 1145 kA hai, vIra 'prathama' ke putra 'ner3ha' se sambandhita hai, isameM kahA gayA hai ki 'vIra' ke dvitIya putra 'vimala' ne yahA~ U~cA mandira banavAyA / dUsarA lekha devakulikA 1. muni - jayantavijaya pUrvokta pR0 198; muni jinavijaya - prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2 'avalokana', pR0 14. 2. munijayantavijaya - pUrvokta, pR0 199 3. Dhaky, M A. - " Complexities Surrounding The Vimal - vasami Temple At Mt. Abu." Occasional Papers Series, Department of South Asia Regional Studies, University of Pennryluania, Philadelphiya-1980. 4. munijayantavijaya -- arbudaprAcIna lekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 51

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178 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha naM0 5 se prApta haA hai, yaha vi0 saM0 1202/I0 sana 1146 kA hai aura kaMthunAtha kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai| isa lekha ke vivaraNAnusAra yaha pratimA kelhA, volhA tathA anya sUtradhAroM ne nirmita kiyaa| ye saMbhavataH pRthvIpAla dvArA rakhe gaye zilpakAra the| solaMkIkAla kA koI bhI aisA kathAnaka athavA abhilekha prApta nahIM huA hai jisameM vimala dvArA nirmita ima maMdira ke nirmANa-tithi kI carcA ho, tathApi solaMkI kAla ke pazcAta eka atyanta mahattvaparNa abhilakha jo vi0 saM0 1378/I0 san 1322 kA hai, meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki isa yugAdideva ke maMdira ko vi0 saM0 1088 meM vimala dvArA nirmita karAyA gyaa| isI vivaraNa ke pazcAt jinaprabhasari kA vivaraNa hai, jisameM unhoMne bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| 14vIM-15vIM zatI meM likhe gaye 'prabandhagraMthoM meM bhI isI tathya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaiseprabandhakoza- ( rAjazekhara-vi0 saM0 1405 ); purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha / prati-bI ), upadezataraMgiNI-5 (dharmasiMhasari-vi0 saM0 1461) vastupAnacarita ( jinaharSagaNi-vi0 saM0 1497), upadezasaptatikA-' ( somadharmasUri-vi0 saM0 1503 ) Adi / isa prakAra spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vimalazAha ne vi0 saM0 10 8 ke lagabhaga vimalavasahI kA nirmANa kraayaa| 1. saM0 1202 ASAr3ha sudi 6 some sUtra0 soDhA sAI suta sUtra0 kelA volhA sahava loyapA vAgadevAdibhiH zrIvimalavasatikAtIrthe zrIkuthunAthapratimA kaaritaa| muni jayantavijaya -arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 34 2. zrIvikramAdityanRpAd vya[*]tIte'STAzItiyAte (yukte) zaradAM sahasra / zrIAdidevaM zikhare [s] budasya nivesi (zi)taM zrIri(vi)malena vaMde // munijayantavijaya -- vahI, lekhAGka 1, zloka 11 3. 'vastupAlaprabandha'' prabandhakoza pR0 121 4. "vimalavasatikAprabandha' purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha pR0 51 5. "zrI vimalamantrikIrtidAnaprabandhaH" upadezataraMgiNI, pR0 72 6. prastAva 8, zloka 12 aura Age 7. dvitIya adhikAra, caturtha upadeza, zloka 7 aura Age 8. DhAkI, pUrvokta-pR0 4 .

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 179 laNavasahI kA nirmANa tejapAla ne vi0saM0 1287 meM karAyA thA, yaha bAta yahA~ se prApta lekha se spaSTa hotI hai, parantu jinaprabha ne lUNavasahI ke nirmANa kI tithi vi0saM0 1288 batalAyI hai, jo unakA bhrama ho sakatA hai| vimalavasahI aura laNavasahI ko muslima AkramaNakAriyoM ne kSatigrasta kara diyaa| vi0saM0 1378 meM inakA punarnirmANa karAyA gayA / yaha AkramaNakArI kauna thA ? alAuddIna khilajI ne vi0 saM0 1365/I0 san 1308 meM jAlora para AkramaNa kiyA thA, usI samaya usane ina mandiroM ko bhI nukasAna pahu~cAyA hogaa| vimala basa hI kA punanirmANa vi0saM0 1378 meM sampanna karAyA gayA, yaha bAta yahA~ ukta tithi ke lekha meM utkIrNa hai, parantu lUNavasahI ke punarnirmANa ke bAre meM anyatra koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotI, ataH jinaprabhasUri kI bAta prAmANika mAnI jA sakatI hai| 2. upakezapura kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata upakezapura kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura yahA~ mahAvIrasvAmI ke eka jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| 1. // OM namaH . . . . . . . . . . . [saMvat 1287 varSe laukika phAlguna vadi3 ravau adyeha zrImadaNahilapATake caulukyakulakamalarAjahaMsasamastarAjAvalIsamalaMkRtamahArAjAdhirAja zrIbhImadevavijayarAjye ......... ...... .. zrIvaSTa (STha) kuDayajatA (nA) zinalodbhuta . . . . . . . . . . . ........ zrImadarbudAcalopari deulavADAgrAme samastadevakulikAlaMkRtaM vizAlahastizAlopazobhitaM zrIlUgasiMhavasahikAbhidhAna zrIneminAthadevacaityamidaM kAritaM // muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta, lekhAGka 251 2. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-dillIsaltanata, pR0 33 3. vasu-muni --tu (gu) Na ---zasi (zi) varSa (rSe) jyeSTe (STha ) sitinara ( va ) misomayutadivase / zrIjJAnacaMdaguruNAM pratiSTi (SThi) to'buMdagirI RSabhaH //

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180 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha upakezapura Aja osiyA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| pratihAra aura cAhamAna yuga meM yaha eka prasiddha nagarI thii| ise uvaesa' tathA Ukeza Adi nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA rhaa| yaha nagarI kaba astitva meM AyI, yaha bAta vivAdAspada hai| pratihAranareza vatsarAja jo I0 san 8vIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM yahA~ zAsana kara rahA thA, ke samaya yahA~ mahAvIra jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA gayA, yaha bAta ukta jinAlaya se prApta vi0saM0 1013 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotI hai| isa jinAlaya ke nirmANa kI tithi jJAta nahIM, kevala yahI jJAta hotA hai ki vatsarAja ( lagabhaga I0 sana 775-800 ) ke samaya isakA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| vatsarAja ke pazcAt isa kSetra para AbhIroM ne adhikAra kara liyA, parantu I0 man 816 meM pratihAroM ke sAmanta kakkuka ne AbhIroM se yaha kSetra chIna liyA aura bAda meM usane pratihAroM kI adhInatA se mukta hokara apanI svataMtra cAhamAna sattA sthApita kara lii| vi0 saM0 1236/60 san 1179 meM yaha kSetra kumArimha, jo munijayantavijaya, vahI, lekhAGka, 1, zloka 42 uvaesa-kirADaue vi jayapurAIsu marumi vaMdAmi / saccaura-guDurAyas pacchimadesemi vaMdAmi / / -~-sakalatIrthastotra -siddhasenasUri, zloka 26 dalAla, sI0 DI0-pattanasya prAcyajaina bhANDAgArIya granthasUcI, pR0 156 2. sametametatprathitaM pRthivyA mUkezanAmAsti puraM garIyaH // 9 // vIrajinAlaya, osiyA kI prazasti nAhara, pUranacanda-jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAGka 788 3. ... ... ... saMvatsara dazazatyAmadhikAyAM vatsaraM strayo dazabhiH phAlguna zukla tRtIyA bhAdrapadAjA ......... . . . . 'saM0 1013......... . . . . . . . . . . . . 'yUyAbhi / / nAhara, vahI, lekhAGka 788 4. jaina, kailAzacandra-enzenTa siTIja eNDa TAunsa oNpha rAjasthAna, pR0 180

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 181 cAhamAna rAjA cellaNadeva kA putra thA, dvArA zAsita hotA rhaa| pratihAra aura cAhamAna yuga meM upake zapura brAhmaNIya aura jaina dharma ke prasiddha kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rhaa| madhya yuga meM bhI isakI mahattA vidyamAna rhii| Aja yahA~ 16 brAhmaNIya aura jaina maMdira vidyamAna haiM jo kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| yahA~ sthita jaina mandiroM meM mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira sarvotkRSTa hai| isa jinAlaya se prApta abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vatsarAja ke samaya isakA nirmANa karAyA gayA aura 10vIM-11vIM zatI meM isakA punanirmANa huaa| isa jinAlaya ke nirmANa meM mahA-mAru zailI kA prayoga huA hai| isa jinAlaya meM vi0saM0 1013 se vi.saM0 1758 taka ke lekha haiM jo jinAlaya ke stambha. toraNa tathA pratimAoM para utkIrNa haiM / inakI saMkSipta sUcI isa prakAra hai - 1 - vi0 saM0 1013 phAlguna sudi 3 jinAlaya kI prazasti 2-vi0 saM0 1035 ASAr3ha sudi 10 jinAlaya ke toraNa para 3-vi0 saM0 1231 mArga sudi 5 stambha para 4-vi0 saM0 1259 kAttika sudi 12 24 mAtA ke paTTa para 1. saM0 1236 kArtika sudi 1 budhavAre aoha zrIkelhaNadeva mahArAja rAjye tatputra zrI kumara siMhe siMha vikrame zrI mANDavya purAdhipatI. . . . . . . . dabhikAnvIya kIrtipAla rAjya vAhake tadbhaktau zrIupakezIya zrIsaccikAdevi devagRhe zrIrAjasevaka guhilN.......| saciyAmAtA kA maMdira (osiyA) para utkIrNa lekha-nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, lekhAGka 804 2. Dhaky, M. A. "Jaina Temples of Western India," Mahaveer Jaina Vidyalaya Golden Jubilee Volume. Part I, p. 236. 3. nAhara, pUrvokta, lekhAGka 788-802

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182 1 - vi0 saM0 1088 2 - vi0 saM0 1234 3 - vi0 0 saM0 1234 4 - vi0 saM0 1438 5 - vi0 saM0 1492 6 - vi0 saM0 1512 7 - vi0 saM0 1534 8 - vi0 saM0 1549 9 - vi0 saM0 1612 10 - vi0 saM0 1683 pratimA-lekha pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha phAlguna vadi 4 vaizAkha sudi 14 vaizAkha sudi 14 maMgalavAra ASAr3ha sudi 9 zukravAra vaizAkha vadi 5 phAlguna sudi 8 zanivAra mAgha sudi 5 jina pratimA kA lekha " " pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha kunthunAtha kI pratimA kA lekha dharmanAtha kI mAgha sudi 5 guruvAra vaizAkha sudi 5 jyeSTha sudi 3 11 - vi0 saM0 1758 ASAr3ha sudi 13 yukta maMdira 10vIM yahIM sthita pIpalAdevI kA vizAla sabhAmaMDapa zatI ke antima caraNa meM nirmita huA hai / " isI prakAra yahAM sthita saciyA mAtA kA maMdira I0 san 8vIM zatI kA hai, parantu isake adhikAMza bhAga 12vIM zatI meM nirmita haiM / 2 1. jaina, kailAzacandra - pUrvokta, 183 2. Dhaky, M. A. - "The Iconography of Sacciya Devi" Babu Chote Lal Jain Commemoration Volume ( Calcutta 1967 A. D. ) p. -63-69. pratimA kA lakha vimalanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha jina pratimA para utkIrNa lekha sambhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha jina pratimA para utkIrNa lekha

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 183 osavAla vaNikoM kI yahIM utpatti huI mAnI jAtI hai|' 8vIM9vIM zatI ke lagabhaga isa jAti kI utpatti svIkAra kI jAtI hai| isase pUrva isa jAti kI prAcInatA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| saciyA mAtA ke mandira meM vi0 saM0 1234, vi0 saM0 1236, vi0saM0 1245 aura vi0 saM0 1246 ke lekha vidyamAna haiN| vi0saM0 1245 ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki pAlhiyA kI putrI aura yazodhara kI patnI sampUraNa dvArA mahAvIra svAmI ke ratha ke liye dAna diyA gayA / 3 nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabaMdha ( kakkasUri, racanAkAla vi0saM01395) ke anusAra yaha svarNamaya ratha varSa meM ekabAra nagara meM ghumAyA jAtA thaa| upakezapura se hI zvetAmbara zramaNa saMgha kI eka prasiddha zAkhA upakezagaccha kA udaya hu|| upakezagaccha ke kaI nAma milate haiM yathA-Ukeza, uesa, osavAla, kaDavA Adi / yaha gaccha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha se apanI paramparA ko jor3atA hai| isa gaccha se sambandhita aneka pratimA lekha tathA upakezagacchacaritra 5--( racanAkAra-kakkasUri, racanAkAla --vi0 saM0 1393/I0 san 1336 ), nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabaMdha ( racanAkAla 1. DhAkI, pUrvokta, pR0 63 2. nAhara --pUrvokta, lekha kramAMka 804-5-6-7-8 / 3. saM0 1245 phAlguna sudi 5 adyeha zrImahAvIra rathazAlA nimittaM...... . . . . . pAlhiyAdhIna deva candravadhU yazadhara bhAryA sampUrNa zrAvikayAAtma zreyArtha samasta goSThi pratyakSaM ca AtmIyA strajana varga samatena AtmIya gRhaM dattaM / nAhara, vahI, lekha kramAMka 807 / 4. jaina, kailAzacaMdra -pUrvokta, pR0 184 / 5. nAhaTA, agaracaMda -- "jaina zramaNoM ke gacchoM para vizad prakAza' yatIndra sUri abhinandanagrantha, pR0 142

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184 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha vi0saM0 1395/I0 san 1338 ), upakezagacchapaTTAvalI,' upakezagacchagurvAvalo Adi upalabdha haiN| muslima AkramaNoM ke samaya yahAM ke jinAlayoM ko bhI kSati pahu~cI, parantu usake bAda bhI maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra, aura nUtana jinapratimAoM kA nirmANa jArI rahA, yaha bAta yahA~ se prApta lekhoM se jJAta hotI hai / Aja yahAM jo maMdira vidyamAna haiM, unakA sthApatya evaM kalA kI daSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai / upakezapura ( osiyA ) vartamAna rAjasthAna prAnta ke jodhapura se 52 kimI0 uttara-pazcima meM sthita hai| 3. karaheTaka kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata 'karaheTaka' kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahAM jina pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| karaheTaka Aja karer3A ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha sthAna udayapura-cittaur3a relave mArga para karer3A sTezana se eka kilomITara dUra sthita hai| yahA~ pArzvanAtha kA eka prAcIna jinAlaya hai, jo bAvana jinAlaya ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa jinAlaya kI devakulikA se vi0saM0 1036 kA eka zilAlekha milA hai jisake anusAra 'yazobhadrasUri ne vi0saM0 1039 meM pArzvanAtha bimba kI sthApanA kii|' isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 10vIM zatI ke lagabhaga yaha maMdira nirmita huA hogaa| yahA~ se prApta vi0 saM0 1326 ke eka zilAlekha meM isa sthAna kA nAma "karaheDA" ullikhita hai|5 madira meM sthita pArzvanAtha kI zyAma saMgamaramara kI pratimA para vi0 saM0 1656 kA eka lekha utkIrNa haijisameM isa jinAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra 1. muni darzana vijaya-saMpA0 paTTAvalIsamuccaya, bhAga-1, pR0 177-194 2. muni jinavijaya-saMpA0 vividhagacchIyapaTTAvalIsaMgraha, pR0 7-9 3. tripuTI mahArAja -- jainatIthIMno itihAsa, pR0 379 / 4. nAhara, pUranacanda-jainalekhasaMgraha lekhAGka, 1948 / 5. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-jainatIrthasarvesaMgraha, pR0 344 / 6. AkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, vesTarna sakila, I0 san 1905 pR0 59-60 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 185 karAye jAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai / jinAlaya ke sabhAmaMDapa kA UparI bhAga masjidanumA banAyA gayA hai / " muslima zAsana sthApita hone ke pazcAt isa jinAlaya ko unakI kudRSTi se bacAne ke liye ukta nirmANa karAyA gayA hogA / bAda meM vi0saM0 1656 meM jaba isakA punarnirmANa karAyA gayA to usa samaya bhI isake masjidanumA AkRti ko kAyama rakhA gayA / isa jinA - laya meM vi0saM0 1887 taka ke lekha vidyamAna haiN| ye lekha paMcatIrthiyoM para, caubIsI para, pratimAoM ( dhAtu evaM pASANa ) para tathA dehariyoM para utkIrNa haiM aura inakI saMkhyA 50 ke lagabhaga hai / " Aja bhI yaha sthAna rAjasthAna ke prasiddha jaina tIrthoM meM eka hai / 4 nandivardhana AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke "caturazIti mahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa'' ke antargata "nandivardhana" nAmaka tIrtha kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahAM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mandira hone kI bAta kahI hai| nandivardhana Aja nAMdiyA ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yaha sthAna vartamAna rAjasthAna prAnta ke sirohI jilAntargata sthita hai / sirohI nagara se isakI dUrI 24 kimI0 tathA sirohI roDa relave sTezana se mAtra 10 kimI0 hai / isa tIrtha ke kaI nAma pracalita rahe haiM yathA 1. ArkiyolAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA, vesTarnasarkila, I0 san 1905 pR0 60 / 2. sthAnIya anuzruti ke anusAra mugala samrAT akabara ne dhArmika sadbhAva sthApita karane ke kAraNa mandira ke UparI bhAga ko masjidanumA banavA diyA / parantu yaha bAta ucita pratIta nahIM hotI / vAstavameM yaha nirmANa svayaM hinduoM ne karAyA thA, kyoMki ve musalamAnoM ke dhvaMsAtmaka nIti se paricita the, isIlie yaha nirmANa karAyA gyaa| isa kAla meM muslima zAsakoM dvArA mandiroM ko masjidoM meM badalA jA rahA thaa| zatruMjaya sthita AdinAtha kA mandira jise masjida ke rUpa meM badala diyA gayA, isakA jvalaMta udAharaNa hai - vahI, pR0 60 / 3. nAhara, pUrvokta - lekhAGka, 1902 se 1957 / 4. tIrthadarzana, pR0 260 /

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186 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha nandigrAma, nandipura, nAMdiyA Adi / sthAnIya kiMvadantI ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jyeSTha bhrAtA nandivardhana ne isa tIrtha kI sthApanA kI thI, isIlie isa tIrtha kA nAma nandivardhana pdd'aa|' grAma ke bAhara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA eka prAcIna jinAlaya vidyamAna hai| isa jinAlaya meM kula 77 jinapratimAyeM haiN| maMdira ke stambhoM para kaI lekha bhI haiM, jo vi0 saM0 1130 se vi0saM0 1529 taka ke haiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai-- 1-saMvat 1130 baizAkha sudi 13 naMdiyaka caityahA( ha )ra vApI nirmApitA sivagaNe na || pratiSThAsthAna -mahAvIra jinAlaya -pASANa kI caukI para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 452 2- saMvat 1201 bhAdravA sudi 10 soma dine / / nIbA bhepAbhyAM vuhaM sItiNi thA / thAMbha / / 2 / / pratiSThAsthAna -mahAvIrajinAlaya-sabhAmaMDapa ke bAMI ora stambha para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya - vahI, lekhAGka 453 3-saMvat 1253... ... ... kUla 2 devi .. .. ... ... ryA mAlaNazreyorthaM .. . kArApi . . . . . . / pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIra jinAlaya -aMbikAdevI kI mUrti para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-vahI, lekhAGka 455 4-saMvat 1290 varSe posa sudi 3 rA [ * uDaDas( su )ta sahi suta rA0 kama(rNa )Nazreyo) putra sImeNa staMbho ( staMbhaH ) kAritaH / pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIra jinAlaya-zRMgAracaukI ke daravAje ke dAyIM ora stambha para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta, lekhAGka 456 1. tIrthadarzana, pR0 260 / 2. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha pR0 433-34 /

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187 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 5 -saM0 1493 caitra vadi 2 cAhaDabhAryA kuMtI putra. ... ... . kaaraapitaa|| pratiSThAsthAna - mahAvIra jinAlaya-tRtIya daravAje ke Upara utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta lekhAGka 457 6 -saMvat 1493 varSe vaizAkha sudi 13 pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIrajinAlaya-caturtha daravAje ke Upara utkIrNa muni jayantavijaya -vahI, lekhAGka 458 7-sa0 1521 varSe bhAdrapada sudi pddvedin| nAMdiyApuravAstavya prAgvATajJAtIya vya0 dUlhA bhAryA dUlI putra vya0 jUThAkena bhAryA jasamAde bhrAtR vya0 mauvA jhAlA varajAMgaSetAdikuTumbayutena svazreyase / zrImahAvIraprAsAde devakulikA kAritA / / pratiSThAsthAna --mahAvIra jinAlaya- pahalI deharI ke daravAje ke Upara utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya--vahI, lekhAGka 460 8-saM0 1529 varSe mA0 va0 3 gurau dine / prAgvATajJAtIya sIdarathAgrAmavAstavya . . . kuTumbayutena zrImahAvIraprAsAde devakulikA kAritA svazreyorthaM zrItapAgacchanAyaka zrI zrIratnazekharasUri * ... ... .zrIzrIzrIsomajayasUri( bhiH ) / pratiSThAsthAna --mahAvIra jinAlaya-dvitIya deharI ke daravAje para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya--pUrvokta, lekhAGka 463 9--sitiNisI ( zI ) lavaMtA ( tyA ) ca sada ( d ) bhAvabhaktisaMjutA ( ktiyuktyaa)| jinagRhe se (0) lasthaMbhA ( staMbho ) dvau maMDapastabhi ( stabho ) thA ( sthA) pitAH ( to)|| pratiSThAsthAna-mahAvIra jinAlaya-sabhAmaMDapa ke dAyIM ora dvitIya stambha para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya-vahI, lekhAGka 467

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188 10 - cAlukyavaMso ( zo ) dbhava mahaNA thaMbha (staMbha) 1 // pratiSThA sthAna- mahAvIra jinAlaya -sabhAmaMDapa ke bAyIM ora dvitIya stambha para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya vahI, lekhAGka 468 11 - (1) zrIdharmanAtha vya0 jUThA (2) zrIzaMbhava pAMcI (3) zrImahAvIra vya0 jhAlA (4) zrIzItala zrA0 pUrI (5) zrIvAsupUjya vya0 mauThA (6) sumati vya0 meghA (7) zrImahAvIra (8) zrIzAMti meDhA (9) zrImahAvIra vya 0 cAMpA (10) zrI vimala vya 0 ( 11 ) zrIzAMti zrA0 hA ( 12 ) zrIzAMti vya0 hAnA jAlA (13) zrIzItala zrA0 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha nA pratiSThAsthAna - mahAvIra jinAlaya - bhamatI kI deharI kI mUrti para utkIrNa lekha muni jayantavijaya pUrvokta, lekhAGka 469 aMtima tIna lekhoM meM pratiSThA tithi / miti kA koI nirdeza - nahIM hai / vartamAna meM isa jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra zvetAmbara jainasaMgha, bambaI dvArA sampanna karAyA gayA hai /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 189 nAgahRda kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata nAgahRda kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahAM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai "kalikuNDe nAgahRde ca zrIpArzvanAthaH'' nAgahRda, Aja nAgadA ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / abhilekhoM meM isakA nAma nAgadraha bhI milatA hai| sthAnIya kiMvadantiyoM meM isakA sambandha nAgoM se jor3A jAtA hai| guhila vaMzIya zAsaka nAgAditya isa nagarI kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| ___ nAgadA guhiloM kI rAjadhAnI aura jaina, vaiSNava tathA zaiva dharmAnuyAyiyoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha rahA hai| digambara AcArya madanakIrti ne zAsanacatutrizikA meM yahA~ ke pArzvanAtha kI vandanA kI hai sraSTeti dvijanAyakairhaririti [ prodgIyate ] vaizra(Na)vai bauddharbuddha iti pramodavivazaH zUlIti mAhezvareH / kuSTA'niSTa-vinAzano janadazAM yo'lakSyamUrtivibhuH sa zrInAgahRdezvaro jinapatidigvAsasAM zAsanam // 13 // arthAta - dvijanAyaka-brAhmaNa jinheM sraSTA', vaiSNava hari ( viSNu ), bauddha 'buddha' aura mAhezvarI-zaMva 'zUlI' bar3e harSapUrvaka batalAte haiM tathA jo kuSTa aura aniSToM ko vinaSTa karane vAle haiM, arthAt jinake darzanAdimAtra se kuSTajanoM kA kor3ha tathA darzanArthI bhavyoM ke nAnA aniSToM kA sarvathA nAza ho jAtA hai aura sAdhAraNa logoM ke liye jinakI mUrti alakSya (adRzya) hai vaha zrI nAgahRdatIrtha ke nAgahRdezvara (pAzrva) jinendraprabhu digambara zAsana kA loka meM prabhAva sthApita kreN| prAkRtanirvANakANDa ( 12vIM-13vIM zatI I. sana ) tathA tIrthavandanA ( udayakIrti-12vI-13vIM zatI I0 san ) meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha milatA hai pAsaM taha ahiNaMdaNa NAyadaha maMgalAure baMde // 1 // prAkRnirvANakANDa ( atizaya kSetrakANDa )

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190 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha nAyaddaha pAsu sayaMbhudeu, hauM vaMdauM jasu guNa patthi cheu / torthavandanA // 6 // tapAgacchIya munisundarasUri ( I0 san 15vIM zatI) dvArA nAgahRdapArzvanAthastotra kI racanA kiye jAne kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / unake dvArA racita gurvAvalA meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai --- khomANabhUbhRtyakulajastato'bhUt samudrasUriH svavazaM guruyaH / cakAra nAgadapArvatIrthaM vidyAmbudhidigvasanAn vijitya / / gurvAvalI zloka-39 vi0saM0 1437/I0 san 1380 meM likhe gaye eka vijJaptipatra, jo sva0 zrIagaracandajI nAhaTA ke saMgraha me hai, meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai aura kharataragacchIya AcArya jinodayasUri dvArA yahA~ tIrtha yAtrA hetu padhArane kI carcA hai / yahA~ naminAtha kA bhI eka jinAlaya thA, jisakA nirmANa mANDavagar3ha ke prasiddha zreSThI pethar3azAha ne karAyA thaa| isa jinAlaya kA ullekha munisundarasUri dvArA racita gurvAvalI tathA tIrthamAlAoM' meM bhI milatA hai - . ... .. nAgahRde shriinmiH| gurvAvalI-196 "nAgadrahi pAsaM tU namI chuTi" / tIrthamAlA-zrIjinatilakasariviracita "nAgadrahi namI lIlavilAsa" tIrthamAlA-zIlavijayaviracita ukta mandira Aja vidyamAna nahIM hai| Aja yahAM do prAcIna jinAlaya haiN| prathama jinAlaya alAu (Alau) pArzvanAtha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai 2 ise dillI ke bAda zAha iltutamiza ke zAsanakAla meM kSatigrasta kara diyA gyaa| isa jinAlaya meM vi0saM0 1356/I0san 1300 tathA vi0saM0 1391/I0 san 1335 ke do lekha vidyamAna haiN| ina lekhoM meM jinAlaya ke punaruddhAra 1. ambAlAla pI0 zAha-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha-dvitIya bhAga; pR0 336-338 2. Dhaky, M. A.-"Nagada's Ancient Jaina Temple" SAMBODHI Vol-4 No. 3-4 Pp.-83-85. 3. Ibid.

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 191 kI carcA hai | vi0saM0 1356 ke lekha meM digambara sampradAya ke mUla saMgha kA ullekha hai / " yaha jinAlaya sthApatyakalA kI dRSTi se 11vIM zatI meM nirmita mAnA jAtA hai| isakA bhavya zikhara mAru gurjara zailI kA eka utkRSTa udAharaNa hai / " dvitIya jinAlaya zAMtinAtha kA hai aura adbhujI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isameM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM bhagavAn zAMtinAtha kI zyAma pASANa kI 9 phuTa UMcI vizAla pratimA pratiSThita hai / pratimA kI caraNa caukI para vi0 saM0 1494 / I0 san 1437 kA lekha utkIrNa hai / isake alAvA yahA~ paravartI kAla meM nirmita anya kaI choTe-choTe jinAlaya bhI haiM / 6 nANA kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAma saMgrahakalpa" ke antargata nANA kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / nANA Aja nAnA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / " 10vIM zatI se 15vIM zatI taka yaha nagara vikasita dazA meM vidyamAna rahA / I0 san 1226 ke lagabhaga nANA ke samIpavartI kSetroM para cAhamAnavaMzIya nareza dhAMdhaladeva, jo vIradhavala kA putra thA, caulukya nareza bhoma 'dvitIya' [ I0 san 1178-1241 ] ke sAmanta ke rUpa meM zAsana karatA rahA / 1230 I0 ke lagabhaga yaha kSetra AbU ke paramAra zAsaka somasiMha ke adhikAra meM AyA, parantu bAda meM devarAcAhamAnoM ne isa para punaH adhikAra kara liyA / I0 san 1602 ke lagabhaga yaha kSetra mevAr3a ke rANA amarasiMha ke adhIna rahA / 9. Progress Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, Western cirle-1905-06, P. 63. R. Dhaky--Ibid. 3. zAha, ambAlAla, pI pUrvokta, pR0 336-38 4. vahI tathA nAhara, pUranacanda jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga - -2, lekhAGka 1958 yaha sthAna pazcimI relave ke ahamadAbAda - ajamera lAina ke madhya nAnA sTezana se 3 mIla dUra sthita hai / 5. 6. jaina, kailAzacandra - pUrvokta, pR0 416 / 7. vahI, pR0 416 /

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pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha nANA jaina dharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM vizeSakara yahA~ sthita jovantasvAmI kI pratimA ke kAraNa vizeSa rUpa se pratiSThita rhaa| yahAM sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya se 10vIM zatI kA eka lekha prApta huA hai, jisake AdhAra para yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ukta jinAlaya ukta samaya ke Asa-pAsa hI nirmita huA hogA / isa jinAlaya meM vi0 saM0 1168, vi0 saM0 1203, vi0 saM0 1240 vi0 saM0 1505, vi0 saM0 1506 aura vi0 saM0 1659 ke lekha bhI utkIrNa haiM / ina lekhoM meM jinAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra, navIna jina pratimAoM ke nirmANa, unakI pratiSThA evaM jinAlaya ko diye gaye dAnAdi ke ullekha haiM / inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai -- 192 1 - vi0 sa0 1017 jinAlaya ke dvAra ke Upara dAhinI ora utkIrNa lekha 2 - vi0 saM0 1168 mAgha / jinAlaya meM zRMgAracaukI ke daravAje ke Upara pahale toraNa para utkIrNa lekha | 3 vi0saM0 1203 kArtika vadi 15 jinAlaya kI parikramA meM caumukha ke pAsa daravAje ke bArazAkha para utkIrNa lekha 4-vi0 saM0 1203 vaizAkha sudi 12 somavAra jinAlaya kI parikramA meM rakhI kAyotsarga mudrA meM zAMtinAtha kI eka khaMDita evaM apUjya pratimA kA lekha / 5 - vi0 saM0 1203 vaizAkha sudi 12 somavAra jinAlaya kI parikramA meM rakhI kAyotsarga mudrA meM neminAtha kI eka khaMDita evaM apUjya pratimA kA lekha / 6 - vi0 saM0 1240 phAlguna sudi 2 budhavAra jinAlaya ke gUr3hamaMDapa meM dAhinI ora dIvAla ke pAsa mUrti ke nIce parikara kI caraNacaukI para utkIrNa lekha / 7 - vi0 saM0 1274 jyeSTha vadi 5 maMgalavAra jinAlaya ke gUr3hamaMDapa meM nandvIzvaradvIpa ke paTTa para utkIrNa lekha / 8 - vi0 saM0 1429 mAgha vadi 7 somavAra jinAlaya meM rakhI pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu paMcatIrthoM kA lekha /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 193 9-vi0 saM0 1505 mAgha vadi 9 zanivAra jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka mahAvIrasvAmI kI pAlathI ke Upara sammukha bhAga meM utkIrNa lekha jisameM jJAnakIya ( nANakIya ) gaccha ke AcArya zAMtisari dvArA mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA pratiSThApita karane kA ullekha hai| 10-vi0 saM0 1505 mAgha vadi 9...... jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka mahAvIra svAmI ke pAlathI ke Upara dUsarI ora utkIrNa lekha / 11 12-vi0 saM0 1506 mAgha vadi 10 guruvAra jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka ke parikara kI caraNacaukI para evaM mUla nAyaka ke vAyIM ora kAyotsarga pratimA para utkIrNa lekha / 13-vi0 saM0 1512 phAlguna sudi 8 zanivAra dharmanAtha kI dhAtu caubIsI para utkIrNa lekha / 14-vi0 saM0 1513 vaizAkha sudi 10 guruvAra pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu kI pratimA para utkIrNa lekh| 15-vi0 saM0 1515 mAgha sudi 15 saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha / 16-vi0 saM0 1530 mAgha vadi 6 saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha / 17-vi0 saM0 1534 mAgha sudi 9 vAsupUjya kI pratimA kA lekha / 18-vi0 saM0 1572 vaizAkha sudi 5 somavAra pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha jisameM saMDeragacchIya zAMtisUri dvArA pratimA pratiSThApita karane kI carcA hai / 19-vi0 saM0 1622 vaizAkha sudi 3 somavAra pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha / 20-vi0 saM0 1623 vaizAkha zukravAra zAMtinAtha kI pratimA jisameM tapAgacchIya harivijayasUri dvArA ukta pratimA kI pratiSThA kI carcA hai| 21-vi0 saM0 1630 vaizAkha vadi 8 AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha /

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194 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 22-vi0 saM0 1659 bhAdrapada sudi 7 zanivAra jinAlaya meM nava caukI ke sammukha bhAga meM pATa para utkIrNa lekha / inake alAvA jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka ke pIche dIvAla para do mUttiyoM evaM nabIna caukI ke bAyIM ora bhI lekha utkIrNa haiM, parantu inameM kAla nirdeza nahIM hai| ukta sabhI lekha nANA sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya meM utkIrNa haiN| ina lekhoM ke sambandha meM vistAra ke lie draSTavya --- muni jayanta vijaya - saMpA0 arbudAcalapradakSiNAjanalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 341.364 nANA se hI nANakIyagaccha jisakA zvetAmbara caityavAsI gacchoM meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai, astitva meM aayaa| isa gaccha ke kaI nAma milate haiM yathA -nANagaccha, nANAgaccha, nANAvAlagaccha, jJAnakIyagaccha aadi| yaha gaccha vi. saM. kI 11vIM zatI ke lagabhaga astitva meM AyA aura 16vIM zatI ke anta taka vidyamAna rhaa| zAMtisUri isa gaccha ke purAtana AcArya mAne jAte haiN| unake bAda siddhasenasari, dhanezvarasari aura mahendrasUri kramAnusAra gacchanAyaka hue| isa gaccha ke paTTadhara AcAryoM ke yahI cAra nAma punaH punaH milate haiM / caityavAdI gacchoM meM prAyaH yahI paramparA milatI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki gaccha ke prArambhika evaM prabhAvazAlI AcAryoM ke nAma unake 'paTTa' ke rUpa meM rUr3ha ho jAte the aura una para pratiSThita hone vAle muni ko AcArya pada ke sAtha-sAtha gacchanAyaka ke rUpa meM ukta 'paTTanAma' bhI prApta hotA rahA / nANakoyagaccha' ke munijana caityoM, jinamaMdiroM evaM upAzrayoM kI dekha-rekha meM hI apanA sampUrNa samaya vyatIta karate rhe| zrAvakoM ko nUtana jinAlaya evaM tIrthaMkara pratimAoM ke nirmANa kI preraNA denA aura unakI ADambarapUrvaka pratiSThA karanA hI inakA pradhAna kArya rhaa| vidhimAgiyoM dvArA caityavAsa ke prabala virodha ke bAda bhI dIrgha kAla taka caityavAsiyoM kA astitva banA rahanA samAja para inake vyApaka prabhAva kA paricAyaka hai| 1. nANakIyagaccha ke sambandha meM vistAra ke liye draSTavya 'nANakIyagaccha" zramaNa-varSa 40, aMka 7, pR0 2-34

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 7. pallI (pAlI) kalpapradIpa ke caturazIti mahAtIrtha nAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata pallI ( vartamAna pAlI ) kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ke jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / pUrva madhyayuga meM pAlI kA rAjanaitika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA / pAlIvAla brAhmaNoM, vaNikoM tathA zvetAmbara jainoM ke pallIvAla gaccha kI yahIM utpatti huI hai / ' abhilekhoM meM isake kaI nAma milate haiM, yathA pAllikA, pallikA, pAllI Adi / * pazcima bhArata ke sthApatya kalA ke vikAsa meM bhI pAlI kA vizeSa mahattva haiM / yahA~ ke mandiroM meM pazcima bhArata kI do sthApatya zailiyoM 'mahAmAru' tathA 'mahAgUrjara' ke darzana hote haiM / isa dRSTi se yahA~ sthita naulakhA mandira utkRSTa udAharaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA mUla prAsAda 'mahAgUrjara' aura gUr3ha maMDapa 'mahAmAru' zailI meM nirmita hai / 4 pAlI meM jinAlaya vidyamAna hone kA sarvaprathama sAhityika ullekha siddhasenasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1123 meM racita 'sakalatIrthastotra' " meM prApta hotA hai / yahAM sthita naulakhA pArzvanAtha maMdira se kaI abhilekha mile haiM, jo vi0saM0 1144, 1151, 1178 aura vi0saM0 1201 1 - jaina, kailAza candra - pUrvokta, pR0 292-93 / 2 -- vahI, pR0 292 // 3 - DhAkI, ema0 e0 - 'jaina Tempulsa oNpha vesTarna iNDiyA' mahavIrajaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsavaaMka, bhAga 1, pR0 332 / 4. vahI, pR0 333 / 5. dalAla, sI0DI0 - pattanasthaprAcyajainabhANDAgArIya granthasUcI, pR0 156

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pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha ke haiN|' ina lekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha jinAlaya vAstava meM mahAvIra svAmI ko samarpita thaa| isI jinAlaya se vi0saM0 1686/ I0 san 1629 ke bhI abhilekha milate haiM jinake anusAra vi0 saM0 1686 meM isa maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA gayA aura yahA~ pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kI gyii| isase spaSTa hai ki vi0 saM0 1686 meM yaha jinAlaya pArzvanAtha svAmI ke jinAlaya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huaa| yahA~ kA mahAvIra svAmI kA jinAlaya, jisakI pahale carcA kI gaI hai, pArzvanAtha ke jinAlaya meM kaise badala gayA ? aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjasthAna-gujarAta para muslima AkramaNa ke daramyAna yahA~ sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya ko naSTaprAya kara diyA gayA hogaa| paramparAnusAra kisI gorI sultAna ne yahA~ AkramaNa kiyA thaa| tavArikaphariztA ( I0 san 16vIM zatI kA antima caraNa) ke anusAra kutubuddIna aivaka jo muhammada gorI kA gulAma thA, ne pAlI para adhikAra kara liyA thA / I0 san 1197 meM aibaka ne aNahilavADa para AkramaNa kiyA aura isI samaya pAlI aura nADaula para bhI adhikAra kara liyaa| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki 12vIM zatI ke anta taka yaha kSetra musalima adhikAra meM A gayA thaa| 17vIM zatI meM jaba jainoM ne isa jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA taba ve zAyada yaha bhUla cuke the ki yaha kisa tIrthaMkara kA mandira hai aura unhoMne vi0 saM0 1686 meM yahA~ pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kara dii|4|| ___ pAlI, rAjasthAna prAnta ke jodhapura zahara se 72 ki0 mI0 dakSiNapazcima meM vAndI nadI ke taTa para sthita hai| 1. nAhara, pUranacanda -pUrvokta, lekhAGka 809-815 1 isake alAvA isa jinAlaya meM vi0 saM0 1506 se vi0 saM0 1700 taka ke lekha bhI vidyamAna haiM / draSTavya-nAhara-pUrvokta, lekhAGka 816-- 828 / 2. nAhara-pUrvokta, lekhAGka 825-27 / 3. progresa riporTa, ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, vesTarna sakila, I0 san 1908, pR0 45-46 / 4. vahI, pR0 46 / 5. jaina, kailAza candra-pUrvokta, pR0 292 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 195 8. zrIphalavaddhikApAzvanAthakalpa phalavaddhikA ( vartamAna phalodhI ) jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai| sAhityika tathA abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki phalavaddhikAdevI ke nAma para hI isa sthala kA nAma phaladdhi pracalita haa| jinaprabhasUri ne isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yahAM pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM__"sapAdalakSa deza meM mer3atA nagarI ke antargata phaladdhi nAmaka eka grAma hai, jahA~ phalavaddhikAdevI kA U~ce zikharoM vAlA caitya hai| yaha grAma pahale eka samRddha nagara thA parantu kAlAntara se ujar3a kara sAdhAraNa gA~va mAtra raha gyaa| dhIre dhIre vaNika loga yahA~ puna basane lage, unameM do jaina zrAvaka bhI the. pahalA zrImAlavaMzIya dhAMdhala aura dUsarA osavAlavaMzIya shivNkr| unheM svanAdeza se bhUmi se pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA prApta huI. jise unhoMne caitya banavAkara vi0 saM0 1181 meM rAjagacchIya zIlabhadrasUri ke ziSya vAdIndra dharmaghoSasUri ke varad hastoM se caturvidhasaMgha ke samakSa pratiSThita kraayii| kAlAntara meM sulatAna sahAbuddIna gorI ne mUlabimba ko bhagna kiyA, taba adhiSThAyakadeva ne mlecchoM ko rudhira-vamana evaM andhatva se pIr3ita kiyA, jisase sultAna ne yahA~ kabhI bhI AkramaNa na karane kA pharamAna diyaa| cUMki mUla pratimA bhagna ho cukI thI, ataH zrAvakoM ne dUsarI pratimA sthApita karanI cAhI, parantu adhiSThAyaka deva ne unheM aisA karane se roka diyaa| Aja bhI vaha pratimA vikalAMga rUpa meM hI pUjI jAtI hai|" uparokta vivaraNa meM granthakAra ne phalavaddhikA grAma meM jaina zrAvakoM dvArA bhUmi se pArzvanAtha kI pratimA prApta karane, tatpazcAt caitya nirmita karAne evaM vAdIndradharmaghoSasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1186 meM caturvidha saMgha ke samaya use navanirmita caitya meM pratiSThita karane kI bAta kahI hai / isI prakAra kA vivaraNa purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha' meM bhI prApta hotA hai, parantu caitya banavAne vAle zrAvaka tathA pratimA pratiSThita karane vAle AcArya tathA samaya ke bAre meM matabheda hai| isa 1. "phalavaddhi tIrthaprabandha" purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 31

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pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha pramANa ke anusAra pArasa nAmaka zreSThI ne bhUmi se pratimA prApta kara caitya banavAyA tathA vAdidevasUri ne vi0 saM0 1199 meM mUrti kI pratiSThA kI aura vi0saM0 1204 meM caityazikhara sthApita kiyaa| purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha kI isa mAnyatA kA samarthana nimnalikhita granthoM se bhI hotA hai - 1-upadezataraMgiNI- ratnamaMdiragaNi ( vi0 saM0 1517 ) / 2. upadezasaptatiH 2- somadharmasUri ( vi0 saM0 1503 ) / . 3-dharmasAgarIya tapagacchapadAvalI ...- 15 vIM shtii| parantu ukta sabhI grantha pazcAtkAlIna haiM aura inakA AdhAra grantha purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha bhI kalpapradIpa ke bAda kA hai, ata. jinaprabha kI bAta jyAdA prAmANika mAnI jA sakatI hai| bhinna gaccha ke hote hue bhI jinaprabhasUri ne gacchabheda kI saMkIrNatA se dUra rahate hue vAstavika tathya ko hI likhA hogaa| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki rAjagacchIya zIlabhadrasUri ke ziSya vAdindra dharmaghoSasUri ne vi0 saM0 1181 meM phalavaddhi kAgrAma meM navanirmita jinAlaya meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kI aura caitya zikhara para kalazArohaNa kiyaa| Aja yahA~ jo pArzvanAtha kA maMdira hai, saMbhavataH vahI purAnA maMdira ho sakatA hai| isa jinAlaya se do abhilekha mile haiM, unameM se eka 1. "zreSThi pArasadRSTAntaH' upadezataraMgiNI, pR0 110 2. saMpAdaka-amRtalAla mohanalAla-upadezasaptati "zrIphalavardhitIrthotpatto pAsalizrAvakaprabandha' pR0 32-33 3. tapagacchapaTTAvalI, pR0 129 4. saMvat 1221 mArgasira sudi 6 zrIphalavaddhi kAyAM devAdhideva zrI pArzvanAtha caitye zrI prAgvATa vaMsI (zI) ya ropi muNi maM0 dasAr3hAbhyo AtmazreyAthaM zrI citrakUTIya silaphaTa sahitaM candrako pradattaH zubhaM bhavat / / __ nAhara, pUranacanda --janalekhasaMgraha bhAga 1, lekhAGka 870 caityo naravare yena zrI sallakSmaTa kaarite| paMDapo maMDanaM lakSyA kArita: saMgha bhaasvtaa|| 1 // ajayameru zrI vIra caitye yena vidhApitA zrI devA bAlakAH khyAtAzcatuviMzati zikharANi // 2 // zroSThI zrI muni caMdrAkhyaH zrI phalavaddhikA pure uttAna paTTa zrI pArzvacaitye'cIkaradadbha bhUtaM // 3 // vahI, lekhAGka 871

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 197 vi0saM0 1221 kA hai aura dUsarA mitivihIna hai| dUsare abhilekha meM lakSmaTa aura municanda kA ullekha hai| rAjasthAna meM bijoliyA nAmaka grAma se prApta vi0saM0 1222 ke eka abhilekha", jo digambara AmnAya se sambandhita hai, meM municandra aura usake bhatIje lolaka kI vaMzAvalI dI gayI hai aura lolaka dvArA vi0saM0 1222 meM jinAlaya nirmANa karAne kA ullekha hai| lolaka ke cAcA mUni candra ko usase kama se kama 20 varSa pahale rakhA jA sakatA hai| isa AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki vi0saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga phalaudhI sthita pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM municandra ne uttAnapaTa (pharza) kA nirmANa karAyA hogaa| isa prakAra phalodhI pAzrvanAtha jinAlaya se prApta mitivihIna abhilekha kA samaya vi0 saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| lakSmaTa, municandra aura usakA bhatIjA lolaka digambara AmnAya se sambandhita the aura inake dvArA phalodhI pAzrvanAtha ke zvetAmbara caityAlaya meM "uttAnapaTa" kA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| isa vivaraNa se do saMbhAvanAyeM prakaTa hotI haiM--- 1-isa caityAlaya ko vi0saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga digambaroM ne apane adhikAra meM le liyA ho ! athavA 2-digambara zrAvaka municandra ne dhArmika sadbhAvanAvaza isa zvetAmbara jinAlaya meM uttAnapaTa kA nirmANa karAyA ho / jahA~ taka zahAbuddIna gorI ke AkramaNa kA prazna hai, yaha satya hai ki usane vi0saM0 1235 I0 san 1178 meM gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| usa samaya vahA~ mUlarAja 'dvitIya' (I0 san 11761178 ) kA zAsana thaa| caulukyoM ne AbU ke pAsa kAzahada meM gorI ko rokA aura use parAsta kara vApasa lauTane ko vivaza kara diyaa| gorI ke gujarAta para AkramaNa karane kA mArga phalaudhI hokara 1. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekhAGka 265 2. pAThaka, vizuddhAnanda - uttara bhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa, pR0 482 3. vahI, pR. 482 aura 543 4. habIbullA---phAuNDezana oNpha musalimarUla ina iMDiyA pR. 53; pAThaka, pUrvokta, pR0 543-44

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198 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha hI rahA hogA aura AkramaNArtha jAte samaya vaha mArga ke maMdiroM ko tor3atA gayA hogaa| jinaprabhasUri ne gorI ke AkramaNa ke samaya yahA~ jina pratimA ko bhagna karane kI bAta to kahI hai parantu jinAlaya tor3A gayA athavA nahIM yaha ajJAta hai| unhoMne AkrAmakoM ke andhatva evaM rudhira vamana se grasita hone kI jo bAta kahI hai, vaha unakA vyaktigata kopa hI samajhanA caahie| muNDasthala kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa" ke antargata muNDasthala kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai|| muNDasthala Aja muMgathalA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| aura vartamAna sirohI jile meM avasthita hai| yahA~ vi0saM0 895/I0 san 838 kA eka zivAlaya vidyamAna hai', jisake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki 9vIM zatI meM yaha nagarI astitva meM AyI hogii| yahA~ sthita mahAdeva aura mahAvIra ke maMdira apanI prAcInatA ke liye prasiddha haiN| ___ muNDasthala jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pUrva madhyayuga meM pratiSThita huaa| uttarakAlIna jaina paramparAnusAra mahAvIra svAmI ne chadmavasthA meM arbudamaMDala meM vihAra kiyA aura gaNadhara ke zI ne yahA~ unakA eka jinAlaya nirmita kraayaa| yaha bAta aSTottarItIrthamAlA (mahendrasUri I0 san 13vIM zatI)3 tathA isa jinAlaya se prApta vi0 saM 1426 ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotI hai| parantu ye bAteM spaSTataH kAlpa1. zAha, amvAlAla pI0-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, pR0 279 2. vahI 3. muni vizAlavijaya-muNDasthalamahAtIrtha, pR0 15 se uddhRta 4. pUrve chadmasthakAle'rbudabhuvi yaminaH kurvataH sadvihAraM [ sapta ] trize ca varSe vahati bhagavato janmata: kAritAstAH (saa)| zrIdevAryasya yasyollasadupalamayI pUrNarAjena rAjJA zrIkezIsu ( zinA ) pratiSTa: sa jayati hi jinastIrtha-muNDasthalastuH ( sthaH ) // muni jayantavijaya-arbudAcalapradakSiNA jainalekha saMdoha, lekhAGka 48

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 199 nika haiM ataH inakI aitihAsikatA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| yahA~ sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya kaba banavAyA gyaa| isa sambandha meM koI nizcita sUcanA nahIM hotii| yahAM se prApta sabase prAcIna lekha vi0 saM0 1216/I0 san 1158 ke haiN| ye lekha maMdira ke stambhoM para utkIrNa haiN| inameM jinAlaya ke sabhAmaNDapa ke stambhoM ke nirmANa karAye jAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki yaha maMdira ukta tithi (vi0saM0 1216) ke pUrva kabhI nirmita huA hogaa| vi0saM0 1389 I0 san 1332 meM dhA~dhala ne apane mAtA-pitA ke zreyArtha isa jinAlaya meM 2 jinapratimAyeM sthApita karAyIM / ye pratimAyeM Aja AbU sthita guNavasahI ke gUDhamaMDapa meM rakhI gayI haiM / 2 vi0 saM0 1426/I0 san 1369 meM prAgvATajJAtIya mahIpAla ke putra zrIpAla ne isa jinAlaya kA punanirmANa karAyA, isa avasara para pratimA kI sthApanA aura kalazArohaNa koraMTagacchIya zrIkakkasUri ke paTTadhara sarvadevasUri dvArA sampanna karAyA gyaa|' kANhadeva ke putra vIsaladeva ne isa jinAlaya ko vi0 saM0 1442/I0 san 1305 meM eka grAma tathA anya vastuyeM dAna meM diiN| yaha bAta yahAM se prApta ukta tithi vi0saM0 1442) ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotI hai| isake alAvA yahA~ vi0saM0 1501 se vi0saM0 1686 taka ke lekha bhI vidyamAna haiM, jinameM isa jinAlaya ko dAnAdi prApta hone aura isake punanirmANa kA ullekha karate haiN|" jaina zrAvakoM kI eka bar3I saMkhyA yahA~ nivAsa karatI thI, ve yahA~ hone vAle utsava Adi meM pUrNa sahayoga karate the| vi0saM0 1722 meM racita eka tIrthamAlA meM 1. arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekha saMdoha, lekhAGka 44, 45, 46, 47. 2. saMvat 1389 barSe phAgu( lgu )Na sudi 8 zrIkau (ko) raTakIyagacche maha pUnasIha bhA0 punasiri suta, dhAdhalena bhrAtR mUlU gehA rudA sahitena muNDasthala satkazrImahAvIracaitye nijamAtRpitRzreyortha jinayugalaM kArita pratiSThitaM zrInaya (nna ) sUribhiH / ____ muni jayantavijaya-arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 245 3. arbudAcalapradakSiNAjanalekhasaMdoha-lekhAGka 49, 50 4. muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta, lekhAGka 51 / 5. muni vizAlavijaya --pUrvokta, pR0 32 / 6. jaina, kailAzacandra-pUrvokta, pR0 419 /

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200 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai aura yahAM jinAlaya meM 145 pratimAoM ke vidyamAna hone kI bAta hI gayI hai / ' dhIre dhIre yaha nagarI ujar3a gayI aura vartamAna meM to eka sAdhAraNa grAma mAtra hI avaziSTa hai| 17vIM zatI ke pazcAt isa sthAna kA ullekha kisI bhI srota (sAhi tyika athavA purAtAtvika) meM prApta nahIM hotA, ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki usI samaya se isa nagarI kI avanati prArambha huI hogii| 10. zuddhadantI sthita pArzvanAtha kalpa jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata "zuddhadantInagarI" kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM___"pUrvakAla meM ayodhyA nagarI meM rAjA dazaratha ke putra AThaveM baladeva zrIpadma ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI eka ratnamayI pratimA apane nijI caitzAlaya meM sthApita kii| kAlakrama se pUrva deza meM durbhikSa par3ane se adhiSThAyakadeva ne ukta pratimA gaganamArga se sAtasaudeza ke zuddhadantI nAmaka nagarI meM bhUmigRha meM rakha dI aura use ratnamaya se pANANamaya banA diyaa| bahuta kAla bItane para sodhativAlagaccha meM vimalasUri nAmaka eka jainAcArya ko svapna meM ukta pratimA ke bAre meM jAnakArI milI taba unhoMne pratimA prApta kara eka navanirmita caitya meM use sthApita kara dI / kAlacakra ke prabhAva se eka bAra turkoM ne yahA~ AkramaNa kiyA aura pArzvanAtha kI ukta pratimA ke sira ko dhar3a se alaga kara diyA / usa samaya vahA~ Aye eka ajApAlaka ne bhUmi para par3e pratimA ke sira ko uThAkara usake dhar3a para rakha diyA jisase vaha turanta juTa gayI / Aja bhI vahI pratimA vahA~ pUjI jAtI hai|" jinaprabha ke ukta vivaraNa kA sAra yahI hai ki sodhativAlagacchIya kisI vimalasUri nAmaka eka jainAcArya ko svapnAdeza se bhUmi se pArvanAtha kI eka pratimA prApta huI jise unhoMne yahA~ eka navanirmita caitya meM sthApita kara diyA aura bAda meM muslima AkramaNakAriyoM ne isa jinAlaya aura pratimA ko bhagna kara diyaa| 1. vijaya dharmasUri-saMpA0 prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, bhAga 2, pR0 60 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 201 granthakAra ke ukta vivaraNa se apratyakSa rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki sodhativAlagacchIya vimalasUri 14vIM zatI ke pUrva hue the unheM pratimA prApta hone ke pahale bhI zuddhadantI nagarI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahI, kyoMki kisI bhI sthAna ko jainatIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha hone ke pazcAt hI vahA~ se kisI gaccha kA udaya honA saMbhava hai / jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita vimalasUri evaM unake gaccha ke bAre meM hameM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| unhoMne yahA~ ke jinAlaya evaM pratimA ko musalamAnoM dvArA bhagna kiye jAne kI jo bAta kahI hai, vaha bhI satya mAnanI cAhie, kyoMki isa yuga meM kisI muslima AkramaNakArI dvArA maMdiroM ko bhagna kara denA eka sAmAnya bAta thii| jahA~ taka isa tIrtha kI prAcInatA kA prazna hai, siddhasenasari dvArA vi0 saM0 1123/I0 san 1067 meM racita saklatIrtha stotra meM isakA ullekha hai jisase yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki 11vIM zatI ke AsapAsa kabhI yaha sthAna jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haA hogaa| hemahaMsasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1477 meM likhita mAtakAkSara tIrthamAlA meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha hai| vi0saM0 1667 meM akabara ke AmantraNa para lAhaura jAte samaya kharataragacchIya yugapradhAna jinacandra sUri zuddhadantI nagarI meM hI Thahare the, yaha bAta zrI jinacandra sUriakabarapratibodharAsa se jJAta hotI hai| zuddhadantI nagarI Aja sojata ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| Aja yahA~ 10 jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, ye 17 vIM zatI se 19 vIM zatI ke madhya nirmita hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki yaha nagarI 11 vIM zatI se hI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai aura Aja bhI isakA prAcIna gaurava 1. khaMDila-DiMDUAyaNa narANa-harasaDara khaTTaUdese / nAgauramuvvidaMtisu saMbharidesaMmi vaMdemi // 24 // dalAla, sI0 DI0-DiskRpTiva kaiTalaoNga oNpha mainyuskuipTsa ina da jaina bhaMDArsa aiTa pATana pR0 156 2. AdaraNIya zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA se ukta sUcanA prApta huI hai, jisake liye lekhaka unakA AbhArI hai| 3. nAhaTA, agaracanda, bhaMvaralAla--saMpA0 aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha (klakattA vi0saM0 1994 ) pR0 67 / 4. zAha, ambAlAla-jainatIrthasarvasaMgrahatIrthasUcI, pR0 379-382

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202 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha vidyamAna hai / rAjasthAna prAnta ke vartamAna jodhapura jile meM sojataroDa relave sTezana se 7 mIla dUra yaha tIrtha sthita hai|' 11. satyapura tIrtha satyapura ( vartamAna sAMcora ) jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrthaM hai / jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrtha para eka svatantra kalpa likhA hai, jisakI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM "nAhar3a rAya nAmaka eka rAjaputra ne jajjigasUri nAmaka eka jainAcArya kI preraNA se satyapUra nagarI meM jina mahAvIra kI pItala kI pratimA evaM jinAlaya kA nirmANa kraayaa| vIranirvANa samvat 600 ke lagabhaga ukta jainAcArya ne usa pratimA ko navanirmita caitya meM sthApita kiyaa| vi0saM0 845 meM gajanIpati hammIra ne valabhI nagarI ke eka zreSThI rAMkA ke AmantraNa para valabhI nareza zIlAditya para AkramaNa kiyA aura use parAjita kara mAra DAlA evaM usakI nagarI kA bhaMga kiyaa| vi0saM0 1081 meM gajanIpati gujarAta ko lUTate hue satyapura paha~cA aura yahA~ sthita mahAvIra caityAlaya ko naSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA, jo viphala rhaa| mAlavanareza gujarAta para AkramaNArtha satyapura kI sImA taka A pahu~ce, parantu brahmazAnti ke prabhAva se bhayAkrAnta ho ve vApasa lauTa gye| vi0saM0 1348 meM deza para mugaloM kA bhISaNa AkramaNa huaa| ve eka ke bAda dUsare pradeza ko lUTate hue satyapura kI sImA taka Agaye, parantu isI samaya unheM baghelAnareza sAraMgadeva ke Agamana kI bAta jJAta huI aura ve vApasa lauTa gye| vi0saM0 1356 meM alAuddIna khilajI ke choTe bhAI ulagUkhAna ne citrakUTa aura gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyaa| citrakUTa ke nareza samarasiMha ne kara dekara mevAr3a kI rakSA kii| isake bAda vaha pazcima kI ora bar3hA aura mehasANA, bAgar3a Adi dezoM ko laTatA huA AzApallI taka gyaa| rAjA karNadeva ne bhAga kara apanI jAna bcaayii| isake pazcAt usane vAmanasthalI jAkara mANDalika rAjA ko daMDita kiyaa| somanAtha ke maMdira ko naSTa kara usake aneka avazeSoM ko dillI bheja diyaa| isa prakAra saurASTra ko 1. zAha--ambAlAla, pUrvokta, pR0 379-382 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 203 apane sAmrAjya meM milAne ke pazcAt vaha vApasa lauTa gayA / isa bAra bhI AkramaNakAriyoM ne satyapura ke mahAvIra jinAlaya ko koI kSati nahIM pahu~cAyI / vi0saM0 1367 meM alAuddIna khilajI ne yahA~ AkramaNa kiyA tathA caityAlaya ko naSTa kara pratimA apane sAtha dillI le gyaa|" ___satyapura kA sarvaprathama ullekha caulukya nareza mUlarAja 'prathama' ( I0 san 941-996 ) ke vi0saM0 1052/I0 san 995 ke eka dAna zAsana' meM prApta hotA hai| isIprakAra satyapura sthita mahAvIra caityAlaya kA sarvaprathama ullekha paramAranareza bhoja ( I0 san 1011-1055 ) ke maMtrI dhanapAla dvArA racita "satyapuramahAvIrajinotsAha" nAmaka stotra meM haA hai| ina vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha nagarI 10vIM zatIke lagabhaga kabhI astitva meM AyI hogI aura I0 san kI 11 vIM zatI ke AsapAsa isa mahAvIra jinAlaya kA nirmANa huA hogaa| isa tathya ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue jinaprabha ke isa bAta jisake anusAra vIranirvANa ke 600 varSa pazcAt yahA~ mahAvIra kA jinAlaya nirmita karAyA gayA, yaha bAta svIkArya nahIM pratIta hotii| jahA~ taka nirmANakartA kA prazna hai, ho sakatA hai ki nAhar3a rAya' nAmaka kisI vyakti ne ukta nirmANa karAyA ho| granthakAra ne vi0saM0 845 meM valabhI nagarI para gajanI ke sulatAna dvArA AkramaNa karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki I0 san 8vIM zatI ke antima caraNa meM bhArata para videzI AkramaNa huA, parantu yaha AkramaNa araboM kI ora se huA thA na ki gajanI ke sultAna kI ora se / dUsare vi0saM0 845 meM yaha AkramaNa nahIM huA balki vi0saM0 833 ke lagabhaga huA thaa| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jinaprabha kI yaha mAnyatA truTipUrNa hai| 1. ipigrAphiyAiMDikA, jilda 10, pR0 78 / / 2. jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, varSa 3, aGka 2 ke antargata prakAzita / 3. DA. dazaratha zarmA rAjasthAna thro da ejeja, (bIkAnera, I0 san 1966, pR0 122 ora Age) ne nAhaDarAya ko pratihAra nareza nAgabhaTTa 'prathama, jisakA 8vIM zatI I0 san kA uttarArdha mAnA jAtA hai, se samakRta kiyA hai| parantu hameM 10 vIM zatI se pahale satyapura ke astitva kA hI patA nahIM calatA ata: yaha bAta svIkAra nahIM kI jA sktii| 4. virjI, ke0 je0-ainzeMTa hisTrI oNpha saurASTra, pR0 102 /

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204 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIthaM granthakAra ne vi0saM0 1081 meM gajanIpati dvArA gujarAta para AkramaNa karane ke pazcAt satyapura sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya ko naSTa karane kA asaphala prayAsa karate hue ullikhita kiyA hai| yaha AkramaNakArI mahamada gajanavI thA, jisane vi0 saM0 1081 meM bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA thA tathA somanAtha ke maMdira ko lUTa liyA thaa| yaha bAta anya sAkSyoM se bhI spaSTa rUpa se jJAta hotI hai|' mahAkavi dhanapAla ne bhI kahA hai ki turkoM ne dhAra, zrImAla, aNahilavAr3a, candrAvatI Adi sthAnoM para sthita jinAlayoM ko naSTa kara diyA, parantu satyapura ke mahAvIra maMdira ko kSati pahu~cAne meM ve asaphala rhe| isaprakAra jinaprabha kI yaha bAta, jisakA anya sAkSyoM se bhI samarthana hotA hai, prAmANika mAnI jA sakatI hai| granthakAra ve mAlavanareza dvArA gujarAta para AkramaNArtha satyapura taka pahu~cane kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu unhoMne AkrAmaka kA nAma, ghaTanA kI tithi Adi bAtoM kI carcA nahIM kI hai| AkrAmaka kA AkramaNa kiye binA lauTa jAnA evaM tatsambandhI jisa ghaTanA kI carcA unhoMne kI hai vaha aura anaitihAsika hai| isake sAtha-sAtha anya kisI bhI sAkSya se mAlava nareza dvArA gujarAta para AkramaNa karane kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| ataH jinaprabha kA yaha vivaraNa bhrAmaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| vi0saM0 1348 meM unhoMne deza para mugala AkramaNa hone kI bAta kahI hai| parantu isa tithi meM bhAratavarSa para kisI videzI AkramaNa kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| vi0saM0 1342 I0 san 1285 meM yahA~ maMgoloM kA AkramaNa avazya huA thA, usa samaya balavana ( I0 san 1266-1286 ) dillI kA bAdazAha thaa| usake jyeSTha putra muhammada ne maMgoloM ko harA kara vApasa lauTane ko vivaza kara diyA, parantu vaha svayaM isa yuddha meM mArA gyaa| lekina isa sambandha meM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha ghaTanA graMthakAra ke yauvanAvasthA meM ghaTita huI thI ataH vicAraNIya hai| 1. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-da sTragila phaoNra empAyala, (bambaI, 1966) pR0 6 aura aage| 2. "satyapuramahAvIrajinotsAha", gAthA 5-7 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, varSa 3, aGka 2 meM prkaashit| 3. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-pUrvokta, pR0 155 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 205 __ alAuddIna khilajI ke bhAI ulagUkhAna ne cittaur3a aura gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| jinaprabhasUri ne isa AkramaNa kI tithi vi0saM0 1356|ii0 san 1299 batalAyI hai| muslima itihAsa lekhakoM ne bhI prAyaH yahI tithi batalAyI hai|' ___ alAuddIna ne vi0 saM0 1367/I0 san 1310 meM rAjaputAnA para AkramaNa kara sivAnA aura jAlora ko jIta liyA aura unheM apane sAmrAjya meM milA liyaa| isa saMdarbha meM jinaprabha kA yaha kathana ki usane satyapura ke mahAvIra caityAlaya ko naSTa kiyA, evaM pratimA ko dillI bheja diyA, vizvasanIya pratIta hotA hai| eka vijetA aura muslima zAsaka hone ke nAte vaha garva se prAyaH aneka devAlayoM ko naSTa karatA huA vApasa lauTA hogA / ukta vivaraNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki satyapura para prathama bAra vi0saM0 1081 meM mahamUda gajanavI dvArA AkramaNa kiyA gayA aura dUsarA AkramaNa alAuddIna khilajI dvArA vi0saM0 1367 meM kiyA gyaa| isa bIca ke varSoM meM yahA~ zAnti rahI aura isa tIrtha kA bahuta mahattva rhaa| yaha bAta yahA~ se prApta vi0 saM0 1225,2 vi0saM0 12424, vi0saM0 12775, aura vi0saM0 1322* ke abhilekhoM jJAta hotI hai| isake alAvA caulukya nareza ajayapAla ( vi0 saM0 1229-1232 ) ke daNDanAyaka AlhaNa ne yahA~ ke vIracaitya meM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA sthApita kraayii| vi0 saM0 1208 ke lagabhaga vastupAla-tejapAla ne isa tIrtha ke mahimAsvarUpa giranAra parvata para 1. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-dillI saltanata, (bambaI, 1967) pR0 19 / vahI, pR0 33 / 2. vahI, pR0 33 / 3. nAhara pUrana canda-jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 1-3 (kalakattA I0 1918-29) lekhAGka 932 / 4. jaina, kailAza candra-ainzeMTa sirIja eNDa TAunsa oNpha rAjasthAna, (dillI, I0 san 1972) pR0 198 / 5. zAha, ambAlAla-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, pR0 305 / 6. vahI, pR0 305 / 7. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMda-jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa (bambaI, I0 san 1933 ) pR. 342 /

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pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 'satyapurIyAvatAra' nAmaka maMdira kA nirmANa kraayaa| isaprakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki 12-14 vIM zatI meM satyapura eka atyanta prasiddha tIrthaM ke ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahA aura isI prasiddhi ke kAraNa hI vidharmI logoM ne isakA nAza kiyaa| satyapura Aja sAMcora ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yaha sthAna vartamAna rAjasthAna prAnta ke jodhapara zahara se 212 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa pazcima meM laNI nadI ke taTa para sthita hai| yahA~ Aja 5 jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM parantu ve Adhunika kAla ke haiM / yahA~ kA prAcIna jinAlaya sarvathA naSTa ho cukA hai| 1. sukRtakIrtikallolinyAdivastupAlaprazastisaMgraha, saMpA0 muni jina vijayamuni ( siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 5, bambaI vi0saM0 2017 ) pR0 44-48 / 2. jaina, kailAzacandra-pUrvokta, pR0 198 / / 3. tripuTI mahArAja-jainatIrthono itihAsa, pR0 316

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pazcima bhArata (2) gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a aNahilapura kokAvasati nagara mahAsthAna ( vaDanagara) moDherA vAyaDa zaMkhezvara pATalAnagara jAmanagara AmaraNa gujarAta jUnAgar3ha * (svagAragar3ha) ujjayantagiri * prabhAsa banAsakAThA rAmasaina mehasANA bhAvanagara valabhI stambhatIrtha kaimbe siMhapura zatruJjaya (sihora) tAraMgA * sAbarakAMThA f. ahamadAbAda kAzahUda kheDA stambhanaka bharuca "azvAvabodha"

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(ba) gujarAta-saurASTra 1. ajAharA kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata ajAharA kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahAM pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| __ ajAharA Aja "ajArI" ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / yaha sthAna dakSiNI saurASTra ke jUnAgar3ha jile meM UnA se 5 kimI0 dUra sthita hai|' ajAharA kA jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM saMbhavataH sarvaprathama ullekha jinaprabhasUri kA hI hai / gujarAta ke sultAna ahamadazAha ( I0 san 14111443 ) ke kRpApAtra zreSThI guNarAja ne vi. saM. 1496 meM zatrujayagiranAra Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA ke liye sultAna se pharamAna prApta kara eka saMgha nikAlA thA, usI yAtrA ke antima caraNa meM ukta zreSThI ne ajAharA, pIMDavAr3A (prAcIna sirohI rAjya ke antargata sthita ), sAlerA, (prAcIna udayapura rAjya ke antargata ) Adi sthAnoM meM sthita jinAlayoM kA jIrNoddhAra tathA naye jinAlayoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| yaha bAta rANakapura sthita jinAlaya meM utkIrNa vi. saM. 1496 ke eka lekha se jJAta hotA hai| tIrthamAlAcaityavaMdana ( racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1880 ) meM bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha milatA hai| Aja yahAM grAma meM mahAvIra svAmI kA eka jinAlaya vidyamAna hai, jisameM 117 pASANa kI tathA 53 dhAtu kI pratimAyeM pratiSThita haiN| 1. pArIkha aura zAstrI - pUrvokta, bhAga 1, pR0 348 / / 2. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMca-jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 457 / jinavijaya-saMpA0 prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhAGka 307 / 3. krAujhe, zAloTe-saMpA0 ainzenTa jaina hImsa, pR0 118 / 4 zAha, ambAlAla pI0- pUrvokta, tIrthasUcI - saMkhyA 2911 /

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208 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 2. amburiNIgrAma kalpapradIpa ke " caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa" ke antargata "amburiNI grAma" kA bhI ullekha hai aura vahAM sumatinAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / amburiNI grAma ko gujarAta rAjya ke jAmanagara jile meM sthita vartamAna " AmaraNa" nAmaka grAma se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / ' grAma ke madhya meM vi.saM 1975 meM nirmita eka jinAlaya vidyamAna hai jo munisuvrata ko samarpita hai| jahAM taka jinaprabhasUri ke ukta ullekha kA prazna hai, yadyapi sumatinAtha kA koI jinAlaya yahAM vidyamAna nahIM hai, parantu isase unake ukta kathana ko aprAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ho sakatA hai unake samaya meM ukta tIrthaGkara kA koI maMdira yahAM rahA ho / 3. arNAhalapurasthita ariSTanemikalpa gurjaradeza kI rAjadhAnI aura pazcimI bhArata kI eka pramukha nagarI ke rUpa meM aNahilapura kA vizeSa mahattva rahA hai / paramparAnusAra vi.saM. 802 meM cAvar3A vaMza ke saMsthApaka vanarAja cAvar3A ne isa nagarI kI nIMva DAlI thI / jaina prabaMdhana thoM meM isa nagarI ke bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hote haiN| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradoSa ke antargata isa nagarI kA ullekha kiyA hai aura cApotkaTa, caulukya evaM vaghelA Adi rAjavaMzoM ke rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI kA bhI yathAzruta ullekha kiyA hai / unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isaprakAra haiM " kannauja deza se eka bAra yakSa nAmaka eka vyApArI vyApAra hetu bailoM kA sArtha lekara aNahilapurapattana AyA / varSAkAla usane vahIM vyatIta kiyA / eka dina rAtri meM ambikA devI ne use bhUmi meM eka nizcita sthAna meM jina pratimA hone tathA use nikAla kara caitya meM sthApita karane kA nirdeza diyA / prAtaHkAla usa vyApArI ne devI ke 1. pArIkha aura zAstrI - saMpA0 gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 336 / 2. zAha ambAlAla pI0 - pUrvokta, tIrthasUcI, saMkhyA, 1525 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 209 nirdezAnusAra nirdiSTa sthAna se jina pratimAyeM prApta kI aura caitya nirmita kara usameM unheM sthApita kara diyaa| eka bAra brahmANagacchIya AcArya yazobhadrasUri khaMbhAta nagarI se bhramaNa karate hue vahAM Aye / zrAvakoM ke anurodha para unhoMne ukta caitya meM pUjana-vandana kiyA aura mArgazIrSa pUrNimA ke dina dhvajArohaNa mahotsava kiyaa| yaha mahotsava vi. saM. 502 meM sampanna huaa| Aja bhI usI dina prativarSa dhvajArohaNa mahotsava kiyA jAtA hai / vi0 saM0 802 meM cApotkaTavaMzIya vanarAja ne pATana ( aNahilapura pATana ) nagarI ko bsaayaa| usake vaMza meM kula sAta rAjA hue| 1-vanarAja, 2-jogarAja, 3-kSemarAja, 4-bhUar3a, 5-vayarasiMha, 6-ratnAditya aura 7-sAmantasiMha / inake pazcAt caulukyavaMzIya rAjAoM kA zAsana prArambha huaa| isa vaMza meM kula 11 rAjA hue| * 1-mUlarAja, 2-cAmuNDarAja, 3-vallabharAja, 4-durlabharAja, 5-bhImadeva 'prathama', 6-karNadeva, 7-jayasiMhadeva, 8-kumArapAladeva, 9-ajayapAla, 10-mUlarAja aura 11-bhImadeva 'dvitIya' / isake pazcAt baghelavaMzIya 6 rAjAoM kA zAsana prArambha huA, ye rAjA haiM -1-lavaNaprasAda, 2-vIradhavala, 3-vIsaladeva, 4-arjunadeva, 5-sAraMgadeva aura 6-karNadeva / isake pazcAt gUrjaradeza meM sultAna alAuddIna kA zAsana prArambha ho gyaa|" brahmANagaccha candrakula ( bAda meM candragaccha ) kI eka zAkhA aura caityavAsIgacchoM meM pramukha thaa| yaha gaccha I0 san kI 11vIM zatI ke lagabhaga arbudamaNDala meM sthita varamANa nAmaka tIrthasthAna se astitva ne aayaa|' yazobhadrasUri isa gaccha ke purAtana AcArya mAne jAte haiM / vi0 saM0 1124 ke pratimAlekhoM meM inakA ullekha milatA hai / ataH 1. nAhaTA, agacanda -- "zvetAmbara zramaNoMke gacchoM para saMkSipta prakAza" yatIndrasUriabhinandanagrantha, pR0 135-165 / / 2. zrIbrahmANagacche zrIjasobhadrasUribhUSite svApituramnaya tasya zreyase - mUlaprAsAde .. ".... ... ... kAritaH saM0 1124 / saM0 1124 zrIbrahmANagacche zrIjasobhadrAcAryA jasovardhanavairasiMhajajjakaprabhRtaiH padharinAgadevyo pitRmAtronimitta kAriteyaM pratimA / muni jinavijaya-saMpA0 prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga-2,lekhAGka 463,464 pratiSThA sthAna---jaina maMdira-rAMteja

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pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha jinaprabhasUri kA yaha vivaraNa - " aNahilapura meM brahmANagacchIya AcArya yazobhadrasUri ne navanirmita ariSTanemi ke jinAlaya para dhvajArohaNa kiyA, " svIkAra karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM ekamAtra samasyA hai granthakAra dvArA ullikhita samaya nirdeza kI, jo uparokta paristhiti meM saMdigdha hI nahIM apitu asaMbhava hai / 5 aNahilapura ko vi0 saM0 802 meM basAye jAne kI bAta ko adhikAMza vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra 802 vi0 saM0 na hokara zaka saM0 honA caahie| jahA~ taka cApotkaToM kI vaMzAvalI kA prazna hai, isa sambandha meM lambe samaya se hI matabheda rahA hai / isa bAre meM hameM do mata dikhAI par3ate haiM / prathama matAnusAra cApotkaToM kI vaMzAvalI isa prakAra hai- 1 - vanarAja, 2- yogarAja, 3- ratnAditya, 4 - vairasiMha, 5-kSemarAja, 6- cAmuNDarAja, 7-Ahar3a, 8- bhUar3a aura 9 - sAmantasiMha / dvitIya matAnusAra * cApotkaToM kI vaMzAvalI isa prakAra hai1 - vanarAja, 2- yogarAja, 3-kSemarAja, 4 - bhUar3arAja, 5 - vairasiMha, 6 - ratnAditya aura 7 - sAmantasiMha | jinaprabhasUri ne dvitIya mata ko hI prAmANika mAnate hue usI ke anusAra cApotkaToM kI vaMzAvalI prastuta kI hai / cApotkaToM kI saMzodhita vaMzAvalI isa prakAra hai 210 1. pArIkha aura zAstrI - gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR0 125 / 2. DhAkI, ema0 e0 -- "leTa guptA skalpacarsa phrAma pATana aNahilavADa" buleTina - myUjiyama eNDa pikcarsa gailarI baDodA jilda 19( I0 san 1965-66 ) pR0 17 - 28, yAdaTippaNI- 65 3. sukRtasaMkIrtana, sarga 1: sukRtakIrtikalolinI, zloka 9-22 prabandhacintAmaNi (e aura D hastaprati) pR0 15; vicArazreNI, pR0 9 dharmAraNyamahAtmya a. 66, zloka 87-97 Adi / 4. prabandhacintAmaNi pR0 14-15; kumArapAlaprabandha ( jinamaNDanasUri ) pR0 2; pravacanaparIkSA pR0 271; mirAta e ahamadI, pR0 23; gurjaradeza rAjavaMzAvalI - svAdhyAya, khaMDa -5, pR0 248 - 249 / - *

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 211 1. vanarAja 2. yogarAja 3. kSemarAja cAmuNDarAja cAhar3a 4. vairasiMha 5. ratnAditya 6. sAmantasiMha caulukyoM kI vaMzAvalI, jisakA granthakAra ne ullekha kiyA hai, pUrNataH prAmANika mAnI jAtI hai|' caulukyoM ke pazcAt gurjaradeza meM vAgheloM kA zAsana prArambha huaa| jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullakhita vAghela rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI ke prathama do rAjA lavaNaprasAda aura vIradhavala caulukya nareza bhIma 'dvitIya' ( vi0 saM0 1234-1298 ) ke sAmanta the| bhIma dvitIya' eka durbala zAsaka thA aura vAstavika sattA inhIM ke hAthoM meM kendrita thI, ataH usake mRtyu ke pazcAt inhoMne sattA apane hAtha meM le lii|3 isa vaMza kA prathama svatantra zAsaka vIsaladeva aura antima zAsaka karNadeva thaa| karNa ke pazcAt yahA~ alAuddIna khilajI kA zAsana prArambha ho gyaa| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita cApotkaToM, caulukyoM evaM bAgheloM kI vaMzAvalI prAyaH prAmANika hai| 1. pArIkha aura zAstrI-pUrvokta, bhAga 4, pR0 560 / 2. vahI, pR0 78 / 3. prabandhacintAmaNi (pR0 104) ke anusAra bhIma 'dvitIya' ke pazcAt vIsaladeva ke hAthoM meM sattA A gayI, parantu kucha paTTAvaliyoM aura vi0 saM0 1299 ke eka dAnazAsana ke anusAra bhIma 'dvitIya' kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra tribhuvanapAla zAsaka bnaa| isa AdhAra para kucha vidvAno ne use bhI aitihAsika mAnA hai| draSTavya-pArIkha aura zAstrI pUrvokta, pR0 80 / 4. vahI, bhAga 4, pR0 98 /

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212 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 4. azvAvabodhatIrtha bhRgukaccha (vartamAna bharuca) bhAratavarSa kI eka suprasiddha nagarI aura pattana ke rUpa meM prAcInakAla se pratiSThita rahI hai| isake bharukaccha, bhArukaccha, bharuaccha Adi nAma bhI milate haiN| jaina paramparAnusAra yaha nagarI prAcInakAla se hI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnya rahI hai| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrtha kA varNana kiyA hai, jisake antargata unhoMne isakI utpatti evaM isake sambandha meM pracalita jaina mAnyatAoM kI carcA kI hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM-- ___ "muni suvratasvAmI kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt vicaraNa karate hue eka bAra pratiSThAnapurI meM eka rAtri meM 60 yojana calakara rAjA jitazatru ke azva ko pratibodhita karane ke lie lATa dezAntargata narmadA nadI ke taTa para sthita bhRgukaccha nagarI ke koraMTavana nAmaka sthAna para phuNce| vahA~ samavazaraNa meM anya logoM ke alAvA vaha azva bhI aayaa| usane dharmadezanA sunii| munisuvrata ne usake pUrvabhava kA varNana kiyA, jise sunakara usane anazana dvArA apanA zarIra chor3A aura marakara deva huaa| apanA pUrvabhava jJAta kara usane svAmI kA ratnamaya caitya banavAyA tathA usameM apanA azvarUpa bhI sthApita kraayaa| isa prakAra bhRgukaccha nagarI azvAvabodhatIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huii| kAlAntara meM siMhaladvIpa kI rAjakumArI sudarzanA apanA pUrvabhava jJAta kara isI nagarI meM AyI aura yahA~ usane caitya kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| pUrvabhava meM vaha zakunikA ( zamalI) thI, ataH usake pUrvabhava ke nAma para hI yaha jinAlaya zakunikA vihAra ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| mithyAdRSTi sindhavAdevI ne yahA~ prAsAdazikhara para nRtya karate hue AmrabhaTTa para upasarga kiyA, jise hemacandrAcArya ne dUra kiyA ! yahA~ aneka laukika tIrtha bhI vidyamAna haiN|" kalpapradIpa ke atirikta anya jaina granthoM meM bhI isa tIrtha ke sambandha meM isI prakAra kA kathAnaka prApta hotA hai| ye grantha haiM vAdideva sUri kRta syAdavAdratnAkara' (vi0 saM0 1181) / 1. syAdavAdaratnAkara ( saMpA0 motIlAla lAghajI, pUnA, vIrasaMvat 2453 ) 1 / 1 / 2 /

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jaina tIthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 213 hemacandra sUri kRta trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' ( vi0 saM0 1216-26 ) / somaprabhasUri kRta kumArapAlapratibodha ( vi0 saM0 1241) / mahendrasUri kRta aSTottarItIrthamAlA' ( vi0 saM0 1290 ) / prabhAcandrasUri kRta prabhAvakacarita ( vi0 saM0 1334 ) / lekha naM0 297 ( mAunTaAbU ) ( vi0 saM0 1335 ) / merutuGga kRta prabandhacintAmaNi ( vi0 saM0 1361 ) / purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha (vi0 saM0 14vIM shtii)| jinamaNDalagaNi -kumArapAlaprabandha' ( vi0 saM0 1492 ) / somadharmagaNi kRta upadezasaptati' ( vi0 saM0 1503 ) / jinaharSagaNi kRta vastupAlacarita ( vi0 saM0 1498) / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita ukta kathAnaka jaina paramparA para hI AdhArita hai / aba hamAre sAmane yaha prazna uThatA hai ki sudarzanA ke pazcAt aura AmbaDa ( AmrabhaTTa ) dvArA isa tIrtha ke punaruddhAra karAye jAne ke pUrva isakI kyA sthiti thI ? 1. trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 5 / 7 / 1 / 2. prastAva 5, prakaraNa 10 ( gujarAtI anuvAda-jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAva nagara, pR. 436 ) / 3, vidhipakSIyapaMcapratikramaNasUtrANi ( vi0 saM0 1984 ) ke antargata prakAzita / 4. prabhAvakacarita, pR0 41 aura Age / 5. muni jayantavijaya --arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha, pR0 124 / 6. prabandhacintAmaNi, ( siMghI jaina granthamAlA-kalakattA saMskaraNa ) pR0 87, 100 aura aage| 7. purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 40, 76 / 8. mUla grantha upalabdha na hone se yaha uddharaNa ainzenTa jaina hImsa ( saMpA0 zArloTe krAujhe ) pR0 6-7 ke AdhAra para diyA gayA hai / 9. upadezasaptati, adhikAra 2, upadeza 2, pR0 26 ( ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1998 ) / 10. vastupAlacarita, prastAva 5, pR0 136 aura Age ( gujarAtI anuvAda jaina dharma pracAraka sabhA, vi0 saM0 1974 ) /

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214 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha prabhAvakacarita se jJAta hotA hai ki sudarzanA ke pazcAt samprati, vikramAditya, sAtavAhana, pAdalipta aura Arya khapuTAcArya kI paramparA ke vijayasenasari ne isa tIrtha kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| isa samaya taka yaha jinAlaya kASTha nirmita hI thA, jise bAda meM AmrabhaTTa ne pASANa nirmita karAyA / ___ do anya sAkSyoM se bhI AmrabhaTTa se pUrva isa jinAlaya ke vidyamAna hone kA pramANa milatA hai| 1-zrIcandrasUri kRta munisuvratacarita (vi0 saM0 1200)isa grantha se jJAta hotA hai ki saMpatkAra (sAMtu ) ne bhRgukaccha sthita zamalikA vihAra para suvarNa kalaza cddh'aayaa| sAMtu solaGkI rAjA karNadeva aura jayasiMha siddharAja kA maMtrI thaa|' 2-kharataragacchIya devabhadrasUri kRta pArzvanAthacarita (prAkRta bhASAmaya, racanAkAla vi0saM0 1168) isa grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki "devabhadrasUri ne vi0 saM0 1168 meM bhRgukaccha ke Amadatta maMdira meM isakI (isa grantha kI) racanA kii| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vi0 saM0 1168 meM yaha jinAlaya jainoM ke adhikAra meM thaa| isake pazcAt AmrabhaTTa ne isa jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, jaisA ki ukta sabhI sAkSyoM se spaSTa hotA hai| yaha jIrNoddhAra vi0 saM0 1216/I0 san 1160 meM sampanna huA mAnA jAtA hai| AmrabhaTTa dvArA punanirmANa karAye jAne ke pazcAt prabhAvakacarita, prabaMdhacintAmaNi aura kalpapradIpa meM zakunikA-vihAra ke bAre meM Age kucha bhI nahIM kahA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM hameM Age jina granthoM se jAnakArI prApta hotI hai ve isa prakAra haiM 1-bRhadgacchIya ratnaprabhasUri kRta upadezamAlAvRtti ( racanA kAla, vi0 saM0 1238) / 1. desAI, mohana lAla dalIcanda-pUrvokta, pR0 229, pairA 312, 313 / 2. vahI, pairA 324, pR0 237 / 3. krAujhe, zArloTe-saMpA0 ainzenTa jaina hImsa, pR0 14 / 4. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda -pUrvokta, pairA 483 /

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215 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 2-aMcalagacchIya mahendrasUri dvArA racita aSTottarItIrthamAlA' ( racanA kAla, vi0 saM0 1290) / ___3--jayasiMhasUri dvArA racita vastupAlatejapAlaprazasti ( racanA kAla, vi0 saM0 13vIM zatI kA antima caraNa ) / .. 4 --jinaharSagaNi kRta vastupAlacarita ( racanA kAla vi0 saM0 1498) / ___ ina granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki tejapAla ne apane bhAI vastupAla se pUchakara zakunikAvihAra sthita 25 devakulikAoM para svarNa dhvajAdaNDa car3hAyA / yaha kArya vi0 saM0 1278 se vi0 saM0 1286 ke madhya sampanna huA mAnA jAtA hai| Aja zakunikAvihAra tathA anya prAcIna jaina maMdiroM kA patA bhI nahIM hai| muslima zAsanakAla meM yahA~ ke aneka dhArmika sthala masjidoM ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diye gaye / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yahA~ jo jAmA masjida hai, vahI zakunikA-vihAra thaa| yaha bAta satya pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki yaha masjida zahara ke bAhara narmadA ke taTa para sthita hai| isa masjida ke stambhoM aura Antarika saMracanA ko dekhane se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki yaha pahale jaina mandira hI thaa| isa mandira meM hijarI 721/vi0 saM0 1378 kA eka lekha bhI utkIrNa hai| gayAsuddIna tugalaka ke rAjyakAla ( I0 san 1320-25 ) meM yahA~ (gujarAta) meM usakA pratinidhi ( sUbedAra ) mohammada vutugarI zAsana karatA thA, usI samaya ukta parivartana kiyA gyaa| ___Aja yahA~ 12 jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, jinameM se 4 uttara-madhyakAla meM nirmita haiM aura zeSa vartamAna yuga ke haiN|" 1 vidhipakSIyapaMcapratikramaNasUtrANi ( vi0 saM0 1984 ) antargata prakAzita / 2. desAI, pUrvokta pairA 528 aura 552 / 3. vastupAlacarita, 8 / 97-103 / 4. krAujhe-pUrvokta pR0 20 / 5. vahI, pR0 22 / / 6. vahI, 7. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, khaMDa 1, 28-29, tIrthasUcI - pR0 67-70 /

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216 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 5. urjayanta gAre urjayanta ( vartamAna giranAra ) jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA eka mahAn tIrtha hai / jaina mAnyatAnusAra 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke antima tIna kalyANaka-dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa yahIM hue, jisase yaha sthAna jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huaa| kalpapradIpa ke antargata urjayanta ( raivataka-giranAra ) para cAra kalpa likhe gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM -- 1-raivatakagirikalpasaMkSepa / 2-ujjyntstv| 3-ujjayantamahAtIrthakalpa / 4-raivatakagirikalpa / inameM se prathama tIna kalpoM meM tIrtha kI mahimA Adi kA hI vivecana hai aura cauthe raivatakagirikalpa meM mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika vivaraNa samAviSTa haiM, ataH yahA~ kevala isI kalpa ke vivaraNoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| jisakI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM_ "pazcima dizA meM saurASTra deza meM raivatakagiri ke zikhara para neminAtha kA jinAlaya hai| eka bAra kAzmIra deza se ajita aura ratana nAmaka do zrAvaka, saMgha ke sAtha yahAM Aye aura pUjA-arcanA prArambha kii| bAra-bAra nhaNava karAye jAne se neminAtha kI lepyamayI pratimA gala gayI, jisase saMghapati ajita ne vahAM dUsarI pratimA sthApita kara dii| caulukya nareza jayasiMha siddharAja ne rAkheMgAra ko mArakara sajjana ko jaba saurASTra kA daMDAdhipati niyukta kiyA, to usane vi. saM. 1185 meM yahAM neminAtha kA sundara maMdira bnvaayaa| mAlavavaMzIya zreSThI bhAvar3azAha ne maMdira para svarNakalaza car3hAyA / kumArapAla ke samaya saurASTra ke daNDanAyaka Ammar3a ne parvata para sIDhiyAM bnvaayiiN| rAjA vIradhavala ke mantrI tejapAla ne giranAra kI talahaTI meM apane nAma se tejalapura nAmaka nagara basAyA aura vahAM apane pitA ke nAma para AsarAjavihAra aura mAtA ke nAma se kumarasarovara kA nirmANa karAyA / vastupAla ne parvata ke zikhara para zatrujjayAvatAramaMdira, aSTApadasammetazikharamaMDapa, kapardiyakSa evaM

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 217 marudevI ke prAsAda nirmita karAye / tejapAla ne 3 kalyANaka caitya bnvaayaa| depAla mantrI ne indramaMDapa kA uddhAra kraayaa|" jinaprabhasUri dvArA ajita aura ratana ke sambandha meM ullikhita kathAnaka hameM nimnalikhita granthoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai1-revaMtagirirAsu' ( nAgendragacchIya vijayasenasUri, racanAkAla 1223 I0 ) 2 -prabandhakoza' ( rAjazekhara, racanAkAla, 1348 I0) 3-purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ( prati-pI0, racanAkAla 14-15vIM I0) prabandhakoza meM ajita aura ratana ke sthAna para unake bhAI madana aura pUrNasiMha kA nAma diyA gayA hai / kalpapradIpa, revantagirirAsu aura prabandhakoza meM ghaTanA kI tithi nahIM dI gayI hai jabaki purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM vi. saM. 980 meM yaha kArya sampanna huA batalAyA gayA hai| ajita aura ratana jaina dharma ke kisa sampradAya se sambaddha the ? caki isa yuga meM kAzmIra meM zvetAmbaroM ke astitva kA koI pramANa nahIM milatA, jabaki 9vIM zatI meM yahAM digambaroM kI upasthiti kI sUcanA milatI hai| ataH isa AdhAra para pro0 ema. e. DhAkI ne yaha vicAra vyakta kiyA hai ki ajita aura ratana saMbhavataH digambara sampradAya se sambaddha the|5 giranAra parvata para sarvekSaNa ke samaya ema. e. DhAkI aura zrIlakSmaNabhAI bhojaka ko bhagavAn neminAtha kI 10vIM zatI kI eka siravihIna pratimA prApta huI hai| isa pratimA ke bAre meM unhoMne yaha anumAna vyakta kiyA hai ki yaha saMbhavataH vahI pratimA hai jise ajita 1. sukRtakIrtikallolinyAdivastupAlaprazastisaMgraha ( siMghI jaina grantha mAlA - naM0 5 ) saMpA0 muni puNyavijaya, bambaI, 1961 I0 / 2. "ratnazrAvakaprabandha" prabandhakoza, pR0 93 / 3. "raivatatIrthaprabandha' purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 97 / / 4. zAsanacatutrizikA-tIrthavandanasaMgraha ( saMpA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ) pR0 32 5. DhAkI, ema. e. - "urjayantagiri eNDa jina ariSTanemi' jarnala oNpha inDiyana sosAiTI oNpha oriyanTala ArTa, jilda 6 ( 1982I0 ) pR0 17

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218 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha aura ratana ne sthApita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki 10vIM zatI taka yaha tIrtha digambaroM ke adhikAra meM thA, bAda meM yahA~ zvetAmbaroM kA Adhipatya sthApita ho gyaa| siddharAja dvArA saurASTravijaya kA ullekha nimnalikhita granthoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai - 1-siddhahaimavyAkaraNa-purAtattva (gujarAtI ) jilda IV pR. 67 2-kIrtikaumudI 3---prabandhacintAmaNi 4-purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha kIrtikaumudI ( 2/25 ) ke anusAra jayasiMha ne kheMgAra ko usI prakAra mAra DAlA jisa prakAra se siMha hAthI ko mAra DAlatA hai apArapauruSodgAraM khaGgAraM gurumatsaraH / saurASTra piSTavAnAjau, kariNaM kesarIva yaH / purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM bhI khaGgAra ko hI saurASTra kA zAsaka batalAyA gayA hai, jise jayasiMha siddharAja ne harAkara mAra ddaalaa| prabaMcitAmaNi meM ukta zAsaka kA nAma navaghana batalAyA gayA hai| usake anusAra jayasiMha ne apanI senAko navaghana dvArA 11 bAra parAsta ho jAne para 12 vIM bAra svayaM usapara car3hAI kI aura use harAkara mAra DAlA, tatpazcAt sajjana ko vahA~ kA daNDanAyaka niyukta kiyaa| anya granthoM meM khaGgAra ko saurASTra kA zAsaka batalAyA gayA hai, vahIM prabandhacitAmaNi meM navaghana kA nAma AtA hai| navaghana khaGgAra kA dAdA thA, ataH prabandhacintAmaNikA ukta nAmollekha bhrAmaka hai| kalpapradIpa meM daNDanAyaka sajjana dvArA vi0 saM0 1185 meM neminAtha jinAlaya ke nirmANa kI bAta kahI gayI hai| ukta jinAlaya meM utkIrNa vi0saM0 1176/I0 san 1120 ke sajjana ke eka lekha ke AdhAra para bhagavAnalAla indrajI ne kalpapradIpa ke ukta tithi ko bhrAmaka batalAyA hai / parantu kalpapradIpa kI tithi kA samarthana raivantagirirAsu' meM bhI kiyA gayA hai. ---- 1. DhAkI, pUrvokta pR0 17 2. "sajjanakAritaraivatatIrthoddhAraprabandha' purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 34 3. "siddharAjaprabandha" prabandhacintAmaNi (saMpA0 jinavijaya), pR0 64-65

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana ikkArasaya-sahIu paMcAsIya vacchari nemi bhuvaNa udhdhariu sAjaNI nara sehare 1119 prabhAvakacarata meM kahA gayA hai ki saurASTra para sajjana kA adhikAra nau varSoM se calA A rahA hai adya prAgnavame varSe svAminAdhikRtaH kRtaH / Aruroha giri jIrNamadrAkSaM ca jinAlayam // 219 prabhAvakacarita ( saMpA0 jinavijaya) pR0 195, zloka saMkhyA 333 isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki vi0 saM0 1176 meM sajjana saurASTra kA daNDanAyaka niyukta ho cukA thA aura vi0 saM0 1185 meM usane yahA~ sthita neminAtha jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA / prabandhacintAmaNi ke anusAra 3 varSoM kI Aya se sajjana ne neminAtha ke kASThamaya prAsAda ko pASANanirmita karAyA tena svAminamavijJApyaiva varSa trayodgAhitena zrImadurjjayante zrInemI zvarasya kASThamayaM prAsAdamapanIya nUtanaH zailamayaH prAsAdaH kAritaH / prabandhacitAmaNi - ( saMpA0 jinavijaya ) pR0 64 dharmaghoSasUri dvArA racita giranArakalpa' ( racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1320 / I0 san 1264 ) ke anusAra sajjana ke pUrva mAlavA ke yAkuDI ne isa jinAlaya ke nirmANa kA kArya prArambha kiyA -- yAkuDyamAtya-sajjanadaNDezAdyA api vyadhuryatra / nemi-bhavanoddhRtimasau girinAragirIzvaro jayati // 27 // parantu kArya pUrNa hone ke pUrva hI yAkuDI kA mRtyu ho gayI, ataH sajjana ne use pUrNa karAyA / 2 purAtana prabaMdha saMgraha ke anusAra sajjana dvArA karAye gaye nirmANa se 135 varSa pUrva yAkuDI ne nirmANa kArya prArambha kiyA thA / sajjana dvArA ukta nirmANa vi0saM0 1183 / I0 san 1126 meM pUrNa karAyA gayA, ataH yAkuDI dvArA karAye gaye nirmANa kA kAla I0 san 990 ke AsapAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai / 1 prAcInagUrjara kAvyasaMgraha (saMpA0 sI0 DI0 dalAla), pR0 150 2. ' maMtrIsajjanakArita raivatatIrthoddhAraprabandha" - purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha pR0 34

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220 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha isI prakAra kumArapAla dvArA niyukta saurASTra ke daNDanAyaka dvArA yahA~ parvata para sIr3hiyA~ banavAne kA granthakAra ne jo vivaraNa diyA hai, usakA samarthana bhI yahA~ utkIrNa zilAlekha se hotA hai, parantu zilAlekha meM ukta kArya ko vi0saM0 1222 meM pUrNa huA batalAyA gayA hai jabaki jinaprabhasUri isa kArya ko vi0 saM0 1220 meM sampanna haA mAnate haiN| isI prakAra vastupAla-tejapAla dvArA yahA~ sampanna karAye gaye nirmANa kAryoM kA vivaraNa hameM yahIM para vi0saM0 1288 meM utkIrNa karAye gaye zilAlekha tathA anya srotoM se bhI prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki isa tIrtha ke sambandha meM jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita prAyaH sabhI vivaraNa pUrva paramparA para AdhArita evaM prAmANika haiN| 6. kAzahRda kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata kAzahRdakA ullekha hai aura yahA~ AdinAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai-- kAzahRde tribhuvanamaGgalakalazaH zrIAdinAthaH / kalpapradIpa, pR0 85 kAzahada kA eka 'nagarI' ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama ullekha maitrakavaMzIya zAsaka kharagaha 'prathama' ke I0 san 616 ke 'eka abhilekha meM tathA 'viSaya' ke rUpa meM dharasena ke I0 san 624 ke kAsIMdarA dAnazAsana meM prApta hotA hai / dhruvasena 'tRtIya' ke I0 san 650-51 ke eka dAna1. jinavijayamuni-saMpA0 prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhAGka 50-51 / yaha daNDanAyaka udayana maMtrI kA putra Ammar3a ( AmrabhaTTa ) mAnA jAtA hai| draSTavya-desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda----jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 268-71 / 2. sukRtakIrtikallolinyAdivastupAlaprazastisaMgraha, (siMghI jaina grantha mAlA naM0 5, saMpA0 munipuNyavijaya) pR0 44-58 / DhAkI, ema e0-"vastupAlatejapAlanI kI tinAtmaka pravRttio" svAdhyAya varSa 4 aMka 3 pR. 314-15

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 221 zAsana meM vibhAga ke rUpa meM isa sthAna kA ullekha hai / ' zIlAditya 'tRtIya' ke I0 san 664 ke eka dAnazAsana meM bhI isa sthAna kI carcA hai / rASTrakUTanareza dhruva 'dvitIya' ke I0 san 835 ke eka dAnazAsana meM kAzahada ke eka grAma ko dAna meM diye jAne kA ullekha hai|' isI prakAra kRSNa 'dvitIya' ke I0 san 910-11 ke eka dAnazAsana meM kheTaka, harSapura aura kAzahRda ina tIna sthAnoM ko sAtha-sAtha ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| 1. zAstrI hariprasAda - maitrakakAlInagujarAta, pR0 48 (pratisaMskA) rAya bhikSu ( saMghasya ca ? ) pAdamUlaprajIvanAya ( vanauTakAntara ? ) kAzahadAntargatarAkSasakagrAmassodraGgassopari (karaH) dhuvasena 'tRtIya' ke I0 san 651 ke eka tAmrapatra para utkIrNa lekha kA aza, paMkti-13 AcArya girajAzaMkara vallabhajI-gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhAga 1, lekhAGka 75, pR0 203-204 2. sarvAneva samAjJApayatyastu vassaMviditaM yathA mayA mAtApitro: puNyApyAyanAya kuzahada vinirgata taccAtuvvedya sAmAnyabhAradvAjasagotrachAndogasacAribrAhmaNa ..... / zIlAditya 'tRtIya' kA (gupta) saMvat 346/I0 san 694 ke eka tAmrapatra para utkIrNa lekha kA aMza vahI, bhAga 1, lekhAGka 80, pR0 221 3. gAyAnantaraM zrIgovindarAjadevena khyApitajyotiSikanAnmekAsaDrahadezAnta tti pUsilArASTrakUTanareza dhruva 'dvitIya' ke I0 san 835-36 ke tAmrapatra para utkIrNa lekha, paMkti-29 vahI, lekhAGka 127, pR0 68 / 4. zrIkheTakaharSapUrakAsadhaetat (i) aSTimayaM samadhigatapaMcamahAzadvamahA sAmantapracaNDadaNDanAyaka zrIcandragupte / kRSNa 'dvitIya' kA I0 910-11 san kapaDavaja dAnapatra lekha -paMkti 33-34 vahI, bhAga 2, lekhAGka 132, pR0 118 /

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222 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIthe jaina prabandhagranthoM meM bhI isa nagarI kA ullekha hai / prabhAvakacarita' (vi0 saM0 1334/I0 san 1278) meM yahA~ ke nivAsI sarvadeva nAmaka eka brAhmaNa, kA jo cAroM vedoM meM pAraMgata thA, ullekha hai| prabaMdhacintAmaNi ( vi0 saM0 1366/I0 san 1309) aura purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha ( I0 san 14vIM-15vIM zatI) ke anusAra dhArA ke paramAra nareza muja ke putra siMhala ne gurjaradeza meM Akara kAzahRda meM apanI chAvanI DAlI thii| ___yahA~ AdinAtha kA eka prasiddha jinAlaya thaa| apanI tIrthayAtrA ke samaya mahAmAtya vastupAla aura tejapAla yahA~ Aye the| vastupAla ne yahA~ eka ambAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA aura tejapAla ne AdinAtha ke jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| isa jinAlaya kA gar3hamaNDapa aura devakulikA I0 san 1031 meM nirmita ho cukI thI, parantu raMgamaMDapa meM 13vIM zatAbdI meM hue jIrNoddhAra ke spaSTa pramANa yahA~ upalabdha haiN| prAgvATavaMzIya zreSThI guNadhara dvArA vi0 saM0 1330 meM likhAyI 1. kAzyaparopitanagare kAsahRdAkhye samasti bhUdevaH / zrIsarvadevanAmA vedacatuSkasya pAragataH // 90 / / vijayasiMhasUricaritam' prabhAvakacarita, pR0 44 2. sa sIndhalo gUrjaradeze samAgatya kAzahRdanagarasannidhau, nijAM pallI nivezya dIpotsave rAtrau mRgayAM kartuM prayAtaH / ___ "mujarAjaprabandha" prabandhacintAmaNi saM* durgAzaMkarakezavarAmazAstrI ( bambaI, 1932 I0 ) pR0 31-32 3. zrIparamAvazyazrIharSabhUpo rAja zaravaNamadhye jAtamAtraM bAlaM prApya devyai0 sa muJja iti nAma / tataH (rAjJaH) sIndhalaH sutaH muje rAjyaM rudrAdityo mahAmAtyaM / utkaTatvAtsIndhaloH niSkAzitaH / gurjaradeze kAsadrAsanne nijapallI kRtyovAsa / "prabandhacintAmaNigumphitakatipayaprabandhasaMkSepa" purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 128 4. DhAkI, madhusUdana tathA zAstrI, prabhAzaMkara -- "vastupAlatejapAlanI kIti nAtmakapravRttiyo" svAdhyAya, khaMDa 4, aMka 3, pR0 305-320 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 223 gayI zAMtinAthacarita ke pratilekhana kI prazasti' tathA purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha meM bhI yahA~ sthita AdinAtha jinAlaya kI carcA hai| ukta vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para jinaprabhasUri ke ukta kathana kA samarthana hotA hai| ___ kAzahada ko ahamadAbAda ke dakSiNa-pazcima meM 20 kimI0 dUra sthita "kAsIMdarA" nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| Aja yahA~ koI prAcIna jinAlaya vidyamAna nahIM hai, parantu nikaTavartI grAma meM eka prAcIna jinAlaya vidyamAna hai, jo AdinAthako samarpita hai| aisI sambhAvanA prakaTa kI jA sakatI hai ki prAcIna kAla meM kAzahada eka bar3A nagara rahA hogA aura ukta grAma bhI jahA~ vaha jinAlaya sthita hai, usI ke antargata rahA ho / ___adagiri kI talahaTI meM bhI kAzahRda ( vartamAna kAyaMdrA ) nAmaka eka prAcIna sthAna hai|' yahA~ zAntinAtha kA eka prAcIna jinAlaya hai| isa jinAlaya meM nirmita eka devakUlikA meM vi0 saM0 1091/I0 san 1034 kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai, jisake AdhAra para isa jinAlaya ko I0 san kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM nirmita mAnA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara zramaNa saMgha kI eka pramukha upazAkhA 'kAzahadagaccha' yahIM se astitva meM aayii| purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha ke antargata varNita 'muJja1. kAzahRde varanagare dhadAkenAdinAthajinabhuvane / mUlapratimA'bhinavA'sthApyata zuddhena vittena // 4 / / zAMtinAthacarita kI vi0 saM0 1330 kI pratilipi kI prazasti muni jinavijaya --- saMpA0 jainapustakaprazastisaMgraha, pR0 47 2. kAzahRde zrIyugAdideva:, ... ... ... ... / "valabhIbhaGgavRttam' purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR. 83 3. pArIkha tathA zAstrI, pUrvokta, pR0 381 / 4. vahI, pR0 381 / 5. zAha, ambAlAla premAnanda-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, khaMDa 2, pR0 261 6. vahI 7. nAhaTA, agaracaMda--'zvetAmbara zramaNoM ke gacchoM para saMkSipta prakAza" yatIndrasUriabhinandanagrantha, pR0 135-165 8. "so'bude kAsahRdagrAme gataH" purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 13

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224 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha rAjaprabandha' meM bhI isa sthAna kA ullekha hai| isI kAzahada ke maidAna meM caulukya nareza bAlamUlarAja ne I0 san 1178 meM muhammada gorI ko burI taraha parAjita kiyA / isI sthAna para dillI ke gulAmavaMzIya prathama zAsaka kutubuddIna aibaka ne I0 san 1197 meM caulukya nareza bhIma 'dvitIya' ko parAsta kiyA thaa| jahA~ taka kAzahada ke sambandha meM kalpapradIpa ke ullekha kA prazna hai yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki jinaprabhasUri ne gujarAta ke kAzahada kA ullekha kiyA hai athavA arbudamaNDala ke kAzahada kaa| cUMki ye donoM hI sthAna jaina dharma se sambaddha rahe haiM, ataH isa sambandha meM nizcaya pUrvaka kucha kaha pAnA kaThina hai / 7. kokAvasati pALanAthakalpa aNahilapura nagarI caulukyoM kI rAjadhAnI aura pazcima bhArata kI eka pramukha nagarI thii| jinaprabhasUri ne isa nagarI meM maladhArI abhayadevasUri ke Agamana, jayasiMha siddharAja dvArA unheM sammAnasvarUpa "maladhArI upAdhi" tathA nivAsa haitu upAzraya pradAna karane kA evaM unake ziSya maladhArI hemacandrasUri dvArA naye caitya kI sthApanA kA sundara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai "eka bAra "praznavAhanakUla' ke harSapUrIyagacchAlaGkAra zrI abhayadevasUri vihAra karate hue aNahilapura Aye aura nagara ke bAhara Thahare / eka dina jayasiMha siddharAja jaba usI mArga se gujara rahe the, to unhoMne sUrijI ko malamalina vastrayukta dekhA aura hAthI se utara kara nikaTa jA unheM praNAma kiyA tathA maladhArI upAdhi evaM nivAsa hetu ghRtavasahI ke nikaTa upAzraya pradAna kiyaa| kAlakrama se unake paTTa para hemacandrasUri ( maladhArI) pratiSThita hue| ve caumAse se pratidina ghRtavasahI jAkara vyAkhyAna dete the| eka dina vahA~ ke goSThika logoM ne unheM vyAkhyAna dene se roka diyaa| isa ghaTanA se duHkhI ho zrAvakoM ne ghRtavasahI ke nikaTa hI kokA nAma ke eka zreSThI se sazarta bhUmi prApta kara vahA~ caitya banavAyA evaM usameM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kara 1. pAThaka, vizuddhAnanda-uttarabhArata kA rAjanaitikaitihAsa, pR0 542 2. vahI, pR0 546-547

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana dI aura pUrva nirNayAnusAra caityAlaya kA nAmakaraNa zreSThI ke nAma para "kokAvasatipArzvanAthacaityAlaya" rkhaa| caulukyanareza bhIma ke zAsanakAla meM mAlavA ke sultAna ne yahA~ car3hAI kI, nagarI ko naSTa kiyA tathA isa caityAlaya ke pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ko bhI bhagna kara diyaa| kAlAntara meM sauNika nAyaga ke vaMzaja zreSThI rAmadeva Asadhara ne caityAlaya kA punanirmANa karAyA aura vi0 saM0 1266 meM zrI devANaMdasUri dvArA pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sthApita kraayii| zreSThI rAmadeva ko tihuNA aura jAjA nAmaka do putra hue| tihuNA ke putra kA nAma malla thA, usake do putra --pahalA delhaNa aura dUsarA jaitrasiMha pratidina pArzvanAtha kI pUjA karate haiN| 'kokAvasatipArzvanAtha' kA yaha caityAlaya maladhAragaccha se sambandhita hai|" jinaprabhasUri ne harSapurIyagaccha ke zrI abhayadevasUri ke aNahilapura pattana jAne tathA vahA~ rAjA dvArA sammAna evaM upAzraya prApta karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahI vivaraNa hameM rAjazekhara kRta prAkRtadvayAzrayavRtti ( vi0 saM0 1387 ) meM bhI prApta hotA hai, parantu vahA~ rAjA kA nAma jayasiMha nahIM apitu usakA pUrvavartI karNadeva batalAyA gayA hai / maladhArI hemacandrasUri ke ziSya vijayasiMhamUri dvArA racita dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNavRtti ( racanAkAla saM0 1191 ) ke anusAra jayasiMha siddharAja ne abhayadevasUri ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara apane rAjyabhara meM zrAvaNa vadI aSTamI aura bhAdrapada sudI caturthI ko pazuvadha kA niSedha kara diyA thaa| isase jayasiMha siddharAja para abhayadevasUri 1. zrIgUrjarezvaro dRSTvA tIbra malaparISahaM / zrI karNo birudaM yasya maladhArI vyadhoSayat // ---rAjazekharakRta prAkRta dvayAzrayavatti kI prazasti desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMda jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 227 se uddhRta 2. yasyopadezAdakhilasvadeze siddhAdhipaH zrI jayasiMhadevaH / ekAdazImukhyadineSvamArImakArayacchAsanadAnapUrvAm // 8 // dharmopadezamAlAvatti kI prazasti dalAla, sI. DI0- e DiskRipTiva kaiTalaoNga oNpha mainyuskRipTsa ina da jaina bhaMDArsa aiTa pATana, pR0 312 /

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226 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha kA spaSTa rUpa se prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| isa AdhAra para jinaprabhasUri kA yaha kathana ki "jayasiMha siddharAja ne abhayadevasUri kA sammAna kiyA thA", satya pratIta hotA hai| abhayadevasUri ke pazcAt unake paTTa para unake ziSya maladhArI hemacandrasUri pratiSThita hue|' unake dvArA kokAvasati pArzvanAtha caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| isa sambandha meM jinaprabha ne jisa ghaTanAkrama kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha asambhava nahIM lgtaa| ____ mAlavA ke sultAna dvArA gujarAta para car3hAI karane aura bhIma ko parAjita kara aNahilapurapattana ko laTane evaM usa para adhikAra karane kA granthakAra ne ullekha to kiyA hai, parantu usa AkrAmaka sultAna ke nAma aura ukta ghaTanA ke samaya ke bAre meM ve mauna haiN| vastutaH bhIma 'dvitIya' ( I0 san 1178-1241 ) ke samaya mAlavA meM koI muslima zAsaka nahIM thA, usa samaya vahA~ paramAroM kA zAsana thaa| yadyapi paramAra nareza subhaTapAla (I0 san 1194-1209) ne aNahilavAr3a para car3hAI kara use jIta liyA thA, parantu zIghra hI use vahA~ se haTanA pdd'aa| aisI sthiti meM usake dvArA vahIM tor3aphor3a karane kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| eka hindU rAjA dvArA zatrudeza meM bhI mandiroM ke tor3ane kA koI udAharaNa nahIM miltaa| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita AkramaNakArI mAlavA kA nahIM apitu dillI kA sultAna ho sakatA hai| vAstava meM dillI ke sultAna kutubuddIna aibaka ( I0 san 1206-1210) ne I0 san 1197 meM gujarAta para car3hAI kI thI tathA caulukya nareza bhoma 'dvitIya' ko parAjita kara usakI rAjadhAnI aNahilavAr3a para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| isa 1. "zrImadabhaSadevasUri-caraNAmbujaJcarIkazrIhemacandrasUriviracitamAvazyakavRttipradezavyAkhyAnaM samAptamiti / " -Avazyaka-Tippana gAMdhI, lAlacanda bhagavAn-aitihAsikajainalekho, pR051,pAdaTippaNI-1 2. asmin rAjani rAjyaM kurvANe zrIsohaDanAmA mAlava bhUpati gurjaradeza vidhvaM. sanAya sImAmAgataH ......................... / muni jinavijaya saMpA0 prabandhacintAmaNi, pR0 97

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 227 ghaTanA kA ullekha pharistA Adi muslima itihAsakAroM tathA jinapAla kRta kharataragacchapadAvalI evaM jayasiMhasari viracita hammIramadamardana' Adi bhAratIya granthoM meM huA hai| vijayI hone ke pazcAt aibaka ne aNahilavAr3a ko lUTA evaM mandiroM-caityoM ko kSati phNcaaii| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jinaprabhasari ne bhIma 'dvitIya' ke samaya gujarAta para AkramaNa karane vAle jisa muslima AkramaNakArI kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha kutubuddIna aibaka hI thaa| aNahilavAr3a para musalamAnoM kA adhikAra alpakAlika siddha huA, kyoMki bhIma 'dvitIya' ne I0 san 1201 taka punaH vahA~ apanA adhikAra sthApita kara liyA thaa| yaha bAta vi0 saM0 1258 I0 san 1201 meM likhI gayI SaDzotiprakaraNavRtti kI pratilekhana prazasti se jJAta hotI hai| bhIma 'dvitIya' ke abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usane AbU sahita samasta dakSiNa rAjapUtAne para bhI apanA prabhAva punaH sthApita kara liyA thA / aisI paristhiti meM jinaprabhasUri ne aNahilavAr3a sthita 1. iliyaTa aura DAusana-bhArata kA itihAsa (hindI anuvAda ), dvitIya khaMDa, pR0 166-167 2. "pattanabhaGgAnantaraM ghATIgrAme caturmAsI kRtA / " muni jinavijaya-saMpA0 kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvalI, pR0 44 / 3. "sugRhItanAmadheyAnAM matibhiratizayena dIpyate sahajadIpto'ti prabhupratApaH / tathAhi svadezasadezamabhisaratsu svecchayA mleccharAjasainyeSu tAtakAritayA prayANakasya bhRzamadIrghakAritayA tayA niratizayAmAzAmAzaGkA / ca prapaJcayantaH svayamamilannamI marudezanarezAH zrIvIradhavalasya / dalAla, cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI-saMpA0 hammIramadamardanam ( baDodarA-1920 I0 ) 28, pR0 11 4. saMvat 1258 varSe pauSa vadi 5 ravAvadyeha zrImadaNahilapATake ( samasta rAjA ) valIvirAjita mahArAjAdhirAja zrIbhImadevarAjye SaDazItakavRttiH / "SaDazItiprakaraNavRtti" muni jinavijaya-saMpA0-jainapustakaprazastisaMgraha, pR0 113 / 5, caudharI, gulAbacanda -poliTikala hisTrI oNpha nArdana iMDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja, pR0 291-292 majumadAra, e0 ke0-caulukyAja oNpha gujarAta, pR0 142-144 pAThaka, vizuddhAnanda -- uttarabhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa, pR. 548

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228 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha ukta caitya ko zreSThI rAmadeva dvArA punarnirmita karAne evaM maladhAragacchIya devANaMdasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1266/I0 san 1209 meM mUrti sthApita karane kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha avizvasanIya nahIM lgtaa| 8. kheTaka jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata kheTaka kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira hone kI bAta kahI hai / __ valabhI ke maitrakavaMzIya zAsakoM ke samaya kheTaka eka 'AhAra' (jilA ), "AhAraviSaya' aura 'nagara' ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rhaa| yahA~ se isa vaMza ke zAsakoM yathA dharasena 'dvitIya', rasena 'caturtha', zIlAditya 'tRtIya', zIlAditya 'saptama' Adi ke tAmrapatra prApta hue haiN| paramAra nareza soyaka 'dvitIya ( I0 san 945-972 ) ke I0 san 949 ke eka dAnazAsana meM isa nagarI ko 'kheTakamaNDala' nAma se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| padmapurANa (2-133-19) meM eka divya nagarI ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha hai / 2 daNDIkRta dazakumAracarita meM valabhI, madhumatI aura kheTaka kA sAtha-sAtha ullekha haA hai|3 siddhasenasUri dvArA racita sakalatIrthastotra ( I0 san 1067 ) meM jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM isa sthAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaina prabandha granthoM meM bhI isa nagarI kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / prabandhacitAmaNi ke 'mallavAdiprabandha' meM devAditya nAmaka eka brAhyaNa kI bAla-vidhavA 1. parIkha aura zAstrI-gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa bhAga 1, pR. 382 / 2. vahI, pR0 382 / 3. goDavole aura zarmA--saMpA0 dazakumAracarita ( bambaI 1936 I0 ) ucchavAsa 6, "nimbavatIkathA", pR0 227-28 4. dalAla, sI0 DI0-DiskRpTiva kaiTalaoNga oNpha mainyuskRipTsa ina da jaina bhaNDArsa aiTa pATana-pR0 156 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 229 kanyA subhagA ke sambandha meM isa sthAna kA ullekha hai / ' purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha meM bhI isI saMdarbha meM kheTaka kA ullekha hai| prabhAvakacarita ke 'bappabhaTTisUricarita' ke anusAra nannasUri aura govindasUri 'kheTakAdhAramaNDala' meM nivAsa karate the| prabaMdhakoza meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| uparokta vivaraNoM meM kahIM bhI yaha ullekha nahIM milatA ki kheTakamaMDala meM mahAvIra svAmI kA koI jinAlaya thaa| siddhasenasUri ne sakalItIrthastotra meM yadyapi isa sthAna kA ullekha jaina tIrthoM ke sAtha kiyA hai, parantu yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira hone kI bAta nahIM kahI gayI hai| yahA~ koI prAcIna jaina mandira bhI vidyamAna nahIM hai, tathApi jinaprabhasUri ke ukta mata ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| saMbhava hai unake samaya meM yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI kA koI jinAlaya rahA ho| kheTaka ko gujarAta rAjya meM avasthita vartamAna kher3A se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ne yugapradhAnAcAryagurvAvalI ke vibhinna ullekhoM ke AdhAra para rAjasthAna prAnta meM nAkoDAjI tIrtha ke nikaTa sthita lavaNakheTa ko kalpapradIpa meM ullikhita kher3A se samIkRta karane para bala diyA hai| 1. atha kheDamahAsthAne devAdityavipraputrI bAlakAlavidhavA atirUpapAtraM ..... / "mallavAdiprabandha'' ( prakIrNaka), prabandhacintAmaNi pR0 106; prabandha koza ke "mallavAdiprabandha'' pR0 21 meM bhI yahI kathA dI gayI hai / 2. asmadIyaguroH ziSyoH kheTakAdhAramaMDale / vidyate nannasUriH zrIgovindasUri rityapi // 482 // "bappabhaTTisUriprabandha" prabhAvakacarita, pR0 99 / 3. De, nandolAla - jyogrAphikala DiksanarI oNpha ainzenTa eNDa miDavala iMDiyA, pR0 100 / 4. nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla-'kalpapradIpa meM ullikhita kher3A gujarAta kA nahIM rAjasthAna kA hai" zramaNa-varSa 40, aMka 11, pR0 25-28 /

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230 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 9. khaGgAragar3ha kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata khaMgAragar3ha bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ AdinAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| raivatagirikalpa' ke antargata bhI khaGgAragar3ha kA ullekha huA hai, vahA~ isake do anya nAmoM ugrasenagar3ha aura jIrNadurga kI bhI carcA hai| khaGgAragar3ha sthita AdinAtha jinAlaya kA sarvaprathama ullekha vi0saM0 1289/I0 san 1932 ke lagabhaga nAgendragacchIya vijayasiMhasari dvArA racita ravaMtagirirAsu meM prApta hotA hai| prabandhakoza' meM bhI khaGgAragar3ha sthita jinAlaya kA ullekha hai aura vastupAla-tejapAla dvArA yahA~ darzanArtha padhArane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| muslima zAsanakAla meM aneka jinAlaya masjidoM ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diye gaye / yahA~ ( khaGgAragar3ha) sthita AdinAtha kA ukta jinAlaya bhI mahamUda begar3A ( I0 san 1467-72) ke zAsanakAla meM masjida ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA gyaa| ukta masjida ke khambhoM Adi kI banAvaTa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha pahale eka jinAlaya thaa| hAla ke varSoM meM jUnAgar3a myUjiyama ke lie pArzvanAtha kI do pASANa pratimAyeM prApta kI 1. kalpapradIpa ke antargata 2. tahi nayaraha puravadisihi, uggaseNa gaDhaduggu / AdijiNesarapamuhajiNimaMdiri bhariu samaggu / / 11 / / muni puNyavijaya-saMpA0 sukRtakIrtikallolinyAdivastupAlacaritasaMgraha, pR0 99 3. atha khaGgAradurgAdi devapattanAdiSu devAn vvnde| tejaHpAlaM khaGgAradurge sthApayitvA svayaM sasaGghoM vastupAla: zrIdhavalakkake zrIvIradhavalamagamat / .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... tejapAlastu khaMGgAradurgastho bhUmi vilokya tejalapuramamaNDayat straaraampurprpaajingRhaadirmym| prAkArazca tejalapuraM paritaH kAritaH paassaannbddhstunggH| "vastupAlaprabandha'' prabandhakoza, pR0 117 4. zAstrI, harizaMkara prabhAzaMkara ---"jUnAgar3ha myUjiyamamA keTalAka aprakAzita zilAlekho" svAdhyAya, varSa 1, aMka 4, pR0 429-31

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 231 gayIM, saubhAgyavaza ye abhilekhayukta haiM aura ina para vi0 saM0 1343 ke lekha utkIrNa haiM / ina lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ye pratimAyeM khaGgAragar3ha sthita AdinAtha jinAlaya meM mUlanAyaka ke bagala meM kulikA ke antargata sthApita kI gayI thIM / " yahA~ sthita AdinAtha kA vartamAna zikharabanda jinAlaya vi0 saM0 1901 meM nirmita karAyA gayA hai / isameM 8 pASANa kI tathA 6 dhAtu kI pratimAyeM haiM / eka pratimA para vi0 saM0 1893 kA lekha bhI utkIrNa hai / yahA~ eka prAcIna graMtha bhaMDAra bhI surakSita hai / 2 10. tAraNa ( tAraGgA ) kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa" ke antargata tAraNa ( vartamAna tAraGgA ) kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ jina ajitanAtha ke mandira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai | gujarAta prAnta meM parvata para sthita tIrthoM meM tAraGgA kA bhI viziSTa mahattva hai / yaha tIrtha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM dvArA mAnya hai, yahA~ inake alaga-alaga jinAlaya bhI haiM / jaina prabaMdhagranthoM tathA tIrthamAlAoM meM isake kaI nAma milate haiM yathA tAraNagiri, tArAvaranagara, tArApura ( tArAura ) Adi / kumArapAlapratibodha ( granthakAra - somaprabhAcArya, racanAkAla - vi0 saM0 1241 ) ke anusAra yahA~ bauddha dharmAvalambI nareza vatsarAja ne tArAdevI kA maMdira banavAyA, jisase yaha sthAna tArApura ke nAma se vikhyAt huA / AryakhapuTAcArya ke upadeza se ukta rAjA ne jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA aura vahA~ jaina devI siddhAyikA kA maMdira banavAyA / prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra caulukyanareza kumArapAla ne cAhamAna nareza arNorAja para abhiyAna ke pazcAta tAraNagiri para 24 gaja U~cA jinAlaya banavAyA aura usameM 101 iMca pramANavAlI bhagavAn ajitanAtha kI pratimA 1. zAstrI, harizaMkara prabhAzaMkara - pUrvokta pR0 429-31 / 2. zAha, ambAlAla pI0 - jaina tIrtha sarvasaMgraha, tIrthasUcI, kramAGka 1770 3. vahI, pR0 146-7; joharApurakara, vidyAdhara - tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 146 / 4. kumArapAla pratibodha ( gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja naM0 14, I0 san 1920 ) "Arya khapuTAcAryakathA", pR0 443 /

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232 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha pratiSThita kraayii| yaha kArya vi0saM0 1222/I0 san 1165 meM sampanna karAyA gayA / purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ke anusAra gaddI para baiThane ke pazcAt ajayapAla ne kumArapAla dvArA nirmita jinAlayoM ko dhvasta karAnA prArambha kara diyaa| eka ke bAda eka mandira tor3e jAne lge| jaba tAraGgA ke mandira ko tor3ane kA krama AyA taba Ammar3a nAmaka eka mukhya zreSThI ne jaina saMgha ko ekatra kiyA aura ajayapAla ke sammukha jAkara usase jinAlayoM kI rakSA karane kI prArthanA kii| zIlanAga nAmaka eka adhikArI ne bhI jainoM kI sahAyatA kI tathA yuktipUrvaka tAraGgA ke mandiroM ko dhvasta hone se bcaayaa| prabandhacitAmaNi meM bhI isa jinAlaya kI yuktipUrvaka rakSA karane kA ullekha milatA hai| isa jinAlaya ke siMhadvAra ke pAsa eka vizAla agramaMDapa ko vastupAla dvArA vi0 saM0 1285 meM nirmita karAyA gayA, isa Azaya kA lekha yahA~ vidyamAna hai / " AbU sthita lUNavasahI ke vi0 saM0 1296 ke lekha 1. prabhAvakacarita "hemacandrasUricaritam', pR0 207 / 2. barjesa eNDa jinsa-ArkiTekcarala Tempulsa oNphanArdana gujarAta,pR0114 3. purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha-'ajayapAlaprabandha', pR0 47 / 4. prabandhacintAmaNi---"kumArapAlAdiprabandha', pR0 96 / svasti zrIvikramasaMvat 1285 varSe phAlguna zudi 2 rvau| zrImadaNahilapuravAstavya prAgvATAnva yaprasUta Tha0 caMDayAtmaja Tha0 zrIcaMdraprasAdAMgaja Tha0 zrIsomatanuja Tha0 zrIAzArAjanandanena Tha0 ku (*) mAradevI kukSisaMbhUtena Tha0 zrIlaNiga mahaM0 zrImAladeva yoranujena mahaM zrItejaHpAlAgrajanmanA mahAmAtyazrIvastupAlena AtmanaH puNyAbhivRddhaye iha zrItAraMgakaparvate zrIajitasvAmidevacaitye zrIAdinAthadeva jibibAlaMkRtaM khatakabhidaM kAritaM / pratiSThitaM zrInAgeAdragacche bhaTTAraka zrI vijayasenasUribhiH / / tAraNadurgasthazilAlekha:-- munipuNyavijaya-saMpA0-sukRtakItikallolinyAdivastupAlacaritasaMgraha, pR0 75

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233 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana meM bhI yahA~ ke ajitanAtha jinAlaya kI carcA hai|' IDara ke govinda nAmaka eka prasiddha zreSThI ne vi0 saM0 1479 meM isa jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA tathA usameM somasundarasUri ke hAthoM ajitanAtha kI navIna pratimA pratiSThita karAyI / 2 jinAlaya ke garbhagRha meM ajitanAtha kI mUrti para nimnalikhita lekha vidyamAna hai___........saM0 goviMdena bhAryAjAya svakuTuMbayutena zreyortha......... sUribhiH / / AcaMdrArkajIyAt ........ / " ___ isa pratimAlekha kI sUcanA kA samarthana phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA meM saMrakSita eka hastalikhita pothI (pu0 saM0 nAmAvalI, pRSTha 334 ) se bhI hotA hai| pothI ke anusAra-"saM0 1479 zrI ja... paM0 (saM0) goiMdena bhAryAjAyalade........ pramukha kuTaMbayUtena zreyA(yo)rthe.......... ..."sUribhiH / '4 arthAt saM0 1471 meM saMghavI govinda ne apanI patnI jAyalade Adi kuTumbiyoM ke sAtha kalyANa hetu ajitanAtha kI mUrti kI pratiSThA (zrI somasundara ) sUri ke hAthoM se kraayii| yahI ullekha pratiSThAsoma ne saM0 1554 meM racita somasaubhAgya. kAvya ke sAtaveM sarga meM vistRta vivaraNa ke sAtha kiyA hai|" saM0 1642 ASAr3ha sudI 10 ko zrI vijayasenasUri ne isa tIrtha kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| yaha bAta yahA~ jinAlaya ke dakSiNI dvAra para utkIrNa zilAlekha se jJAta hotI hai| usI samaya yahA~ bAjuoM para 1. zrItAraNagaDhe zrIajitanAthagUDhamaMDape zrIAdinAtha biMbaM khattakaM ca / "abUdAcalasthita prazasti lekha, paMkti 15-16 muni puNyavijaya-pUrvokta, pR0 68 2. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMda-jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 453 3. zAha, ambAlAla pI0 -jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, khaMDa 1, pR0 149 4. desAI, pUrvokta, pR0 454, pAdaTippaNI 5. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-pUrvokta, pR0 149 / 6. ipigrAphiyA iMDikA-jilda 2, pR0 33 /

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234 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha do anya pratimAyeM bhI kisI anya sthAna se lAkara sthApita kI gyiiN| ina para vi0 saM0 1304 aura vi0 saM0 1305 ke lekha utkIrNa haiM / ye matiyA~ ajitanAtha kI haiN|' kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita do anya pratimAyeM bhI jo vi0 saM0 1354 ke lekha se yukta haiM, kisI anya sthAna se lAkara yahA~ rakhI gayI haiM / 2 / digambara paramparA meM bhI isa tIrtha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| digambara mAnyatAnusAra tArApUranagara ke nikaTa varadatta, varAGga tathA sAgaradatta aura sAr3he tIna karoDa muniyoM ne yahA~ se mukti prApta kii| Aja yahA~ digambaroM ke do maMdira haiM, eka maMdira vi0 saM0 1511 kA hai aura dUsarA vi0 saM0 1923 kA hai| vahA~ isase pahale kA digambaroM kA koI avazeSa Aja vidyamAna nahIM haiN| kumArapAla dvArA yahA~ nirmita-ajitanAtha kA vizAla jinAlaya Aja zvetAmbaroM ke svAmitva meM hai| isakA samaya-samaya para jIrNoddhAra karAyA gayA hai| yaha bAta ukta vivaraNoM se spaSTa hotI hai| tAraGgA uttara gujarAta ke mehasANA jile meM avasthita hai| 1. zAha, ambAlAla pI0 -- pUrvokta, 149 / 2. vahI, pR0 149 / 3. varadatto ya varaMgo sAyaradatto ya tAravaraNayare / AhuTThayakoDIo NivvANagayA Namo tesi / / 4 / / nirvANakANDa ( racanAkAla I0 san 12-13vIM zatI) joharApurakara, vidyAdhara--saMpA0 tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 36, 146 tArAuri baMdau~ muNi vrNgu| AhuTTha koDi kiu siddhisaMgu / 10 / / tIrthavandanA, racanAkAra-udayakIti-I0 san 12 vI 13 zatI joharApurakara-pUrvokta, pR0 40, 146 tArApura varadatta Adi auTha koDi muni gayAe // 6 // tIrthavandanA, racanAkAra-megharAja-I0 16vIM zatI joharApurakara, pUrvokta, pR0 52, 146 4. premI, nAthUrAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 191 - -

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 235 11. dvArakA kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata dvArakA kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ pAtAlaliGga neminAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| dvArakA saurASTra janapada kI rAjadhAnI aura vaiSNava dharma ke eka prasiddha tIrtha ke rUpa meM prAcIna kAla se hI pratiSThita rahI hai|' isa nagarI kA eka nAma "kuzasthalI' bhI thaa| prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM isa sthAna kA ullekha to hai, parantu use jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / madhyayuga ke prArambha meM kucha jaina granthakAroM ne ise jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| jinaharSagaNi dvArA racita vastupAlacarita ( racanA kAla vi0saM0 1441) meM vastupAla dvArA yahA~ eka jinAlaya nirmita karAne kA ullekha hai| isa sambandha meM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki vastupAla ke samakAlIna kisI bhI jaina granthakAra ne isa bAta kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| vartamAna yuga meM kucha zraddhAlu jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki yahA~ sthita dvArakAdhIza kA maMdira vastupAla dvArA nirmita jinAlaya hI hai, jise brAhmaNIya dharmAvalambiyoM ne apane adhikAra meM le liyA hai| parantu isa devAlaya ke nirmANazailI se spaSTa hotA hai ki isake mUla prAsAda kA kucha bhAga to jasiMha siddharAja ke samaya nirmita huA hai aura unapara vaiSNava zilpakalA ke spaSTa cihna vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki jainoM kI ukta dhAraNA atyanta bhrAmaka hai aura brAhmaNoM kI ora se unapara Aropa 1. lAhA, vimalAcaraNa-hisTorikala jyogrAphI oNpha aiMziyeMTa iMDiyA ( hindI anuvAda ), pR0 470 / 2. vahI, pR0 471 / 3. jaina, jagadIzacandra-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 49 / 4. upadvAravatIbhUmigomatIvAddhisaGgame zrInemicaityamuttuGga, nirmamemantri puGgavaH / vastupAlacarita, 6 / 746, pR0 102 / 5. zAha, ambAlAla pI.-jainatIrtha sarvasaMgraha, khaMDa 1, bhAga 1, pR0 129 6. DhAkI, ema. e. tathA zAstrI, harizaMkara-"vastupAla tejapAlanI kIrti___nAtmaka pravRttiyo' svAdhyAya, jilda 4, aMka 3, pR0 305-320

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pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha lagAyA jAtA hai ki prAyaH sabhI brAhmaNIya tIrthoM ko jainI apanA tIrtha batalAte haiM / yaha Aropa satya hai, kyoMki vartamAna dvArakAdhIza ke maMdira meM Aja koI bhI jaina prabhAva vidyamAna nahIM hai|' phira bhI madhyayugIna jainAcAryoM ke vivaraNoM ko pUrNataH asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki madhyayuga meM yahA~ bhI kucha jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA gayA hogaa| yahA~ utkhanana se kucha jaina purAvazeSa bhI prApta hue haiM jinase ukta mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai| vartamAna meM yahA~ koI bhI jinAlaya vidyamAna nahIM hai / 12. nagaramahAsthAna kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata "nagaramahAsthAna" kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahA~ AdinAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / nagaramahAsthAna Aja bar3anagara ke nAma se prasiddha hai / prAcIna kAla meM isakA nAma Anandapura thA, para bAda meM isake nagara, vaddhanagara, var3anagara Adi nAma pracalita hae / jaina paramparA meM Anandapura kA vizeSa mahattva hai| jaina paramparAnusAra maitrakavaMzIya rAjA dhra vasena 'prathama' ke putra kA Anandapura meM dehAvasAna ho gayA, usa samaya bhadrabAhu 'dvitIya' ne rAjA ke putrazoka ko dUra karane ke liye sArvajanika rUpa se prathama bAra kalpasUtra kI vAcanA kii| yaha vAcanA vIranirvANa ke 980 varSa pazcAt huii| maitrakavaMzIya zAsakoM ke dAnapatroM meM isa nagarI kA nAma Anandapura 1. DhAkI, ema0 e0 tathA zAstrI, harizaMkara-pUrvokta, pR0 305-320 / 2. yaha sUcanA pro0 ema. e. DhAkI se vyaktigata rUpa se prApta huI hai, jisake liye lekhaka unakA AbhArI hai| 3. AcArya, girajAzaMkara vallabhajI-saMpA0 gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho lekhAGka 143, pR0 26; lekhAGka 147, pR0 43 / 4. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla jayasiMha-jainaAgama sAhityamAM gujarAta, pR. 18, 42

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 237 ullikhita hai| ina dAnapatroM meM Anandapura vAstavya brAhmaNoM ko dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai|' ye brAhmaNa yahA~ ke nAgara brAhmaNoM ke pUrvaja the| isa nagarI meM dIrgha kAla se hI brAhmaNoM ke nivAsa kI paramparA rahI hai| Ayurveda ke bhASyakAra "uvvaTa" isI nagarI ke nivAsI the| skandapurANa ke 'nAgarakhaNDa' meM eka sthAna para isa nagarI kA nAma AnaMdapura tathA eka anya sthAna para nagara ullikhita hai|4 vaMthaNI soraTha se prApta vi0saM0 1346 I0 san 1290 ke eka abhilekha meM isa nagarI kA eka anya nAma camatkArapura ullikhita hai| parantu isakA adhika pracalita nAma Anandapura thA tathA paravartIkAla meM nagara, vaddhanagara aura var3anagara Adi nAma pracalita hue| var3anagara brAhmaNoM tathA jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrthasthAna hai| nAgara brAhmaNoM kA mUla sthAna yahIM hai, yahIM unakA prasiddha hATakezvara tIrtha sthita hai| __ siddhasenasUri ne apane sakalatIrthastotra meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ eka prAcIna jinAlaya vidyamAna hai, jo AdinAtha ko 1. AcArya, girajAzaMkara vallabhajI--pUrvokta, lekhAGka 76, pR0 201 2. parIkha aura zAstrI-saMpA0 gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa bhAga 1, pR0 370 3. dave, kanhaiyAlAla bhAIzaMkara--"gujarAtanA saMskRta sAhityakAro" jarnala oNpha da gujarAta risarca sosAiTI, jilda 1, khaMDa 1, pR0 6 pAdaTippaNI-2 4. skandapurANa 6-114--78 5. AcArya, girajAzaMkara vallabhajI--pUrvokta, lekhAGka 222 (a) pR0 214 6. parIkha aura zAstrI--pUrvokta, bhAga 1, pR0 370 7. vahI 8. thArAuddaya-vAyaDa-jAlIhara-nagara-kheDa-moDhere / aNahillavADanayare va(ca)DDAvallIya baMbhANe / / 27 / / dalAla, sI0 DI0 saMpA0 pattanasthaprAcyajainabhANDAgArIyagranthasUcI, pR0 156

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238 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha samarpita hai| yaha saMbhavataH vahI jinAlaya hai jisakA jinaprabhasUri ne ullekha kiyA hai| isa jinAlaya kA nicalA hissA 10vIM zatI ke antima caraNa meM nirmita huA hai| tejapAla ne isa jinAlaya ke mUla vedIbanda bhAga ko yathAvat rakhate hue gUr3hamaNDapa Adi kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, jaisA ki pro0 DhAkI kA kahanA hai|' parantu kAntIlAla epha0 somapurA ne ukta mata se apanI asahamati vyakta kI hai aura kahA ki 'isa jinAlaya meM vi0saM0 1234 I0 san 1178 kA eka zilAlekha vidyamAna hai, jo isa jinAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra kA ullekha karatA hai| caki yaha tithi tejapAla ke bahata pahale kI hai, ataH tejapAla ko isake punarnirmANa kA zreya denA ucita nahIM hai / I0 san kI 17 vIM-18 vIM zatI meM isa jinAlaya kA punaH jIrNoddhAra karAyA gyaa| isa jinAlaya kI do dhAtu pratimAyeM abhilekha yukta haiN| ye lekha vi0saM0 1429 tathA vi0saM0 1527 ke haiN| isake alAvA yahA~ 5 anya jinAlaya bhI vidyamAna haiM, jinameM mahAvIra svAmI kA jinAlaya sarvotkRSTa hai| isa jinAlaya meM 52 devakuliye banI haiM, jinameM nAgara vaNikoM dvArA sthApita mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimAyeM vidyamAna haiN|' yaha sthAna gujarAta prAnta ke mehasANA jile meM avasthita hai / 6 13. pATalAnagara kalpapradIpa ke 'caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata 1. DhAkI, madhusUdana tathA zAstrI, harizaMkara-"vastupAla tejapAlanI kIrtinAtmaka pravRttiyo" svAdhyAya, jilda 4, aMka 3, pR0 317 / 2. somapurA, ke0 epha0--- da sTrakcarala Tempulsa oNpha gujarAta, pR0 150, 151 pAdaTippaNI 145 / 1 / 3. DhAkI aura zAstrI-uparokta, pR0 317 / 4. sUri, vijayadharma-saMpA. prAcInalekhasaMgraha-bhAga 1, lekhAGka 80 tathA 406 / 5. zAha, ambAlAla pI0 -jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 64 / 6. parIkha aura zAstrI--pUrvokta, pR0 371 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 239 pATalAnagara kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ neminAtha ke mandira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| pATalAnagara ko prasiddha jaina tIrtha zaMkhezvara se sAr3he cAra mola dUra sthita 'pATalAgrAma' nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki madhyayuga ke prArambha meM kisI samaya yahA~ neminAtha kA maMdira nirmita karAyA gayA, usI samaya se yaha sthAna tIrtharUpa meM prasiddha huaa| prabhAvakacarita ke antargata 'bappabhaTTisUricarita' meM isa sthAna kA ullekha hai|' vi0saM0 1371 meM zatruJjaya kI yAtrA se lauTate hue samarAzAha yahA~ Aye the| jinakuzalasUri ne bhI saMgha ke sAtha yahA~ kI yAtrA kI thii|3 vi0 saM0 1378 meM jinaprabhasari dvArA racita tIrthayAtrAstotra meM bhI isa tIrtha kI carcA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki terahavIM-caudahavIM zatI meM yaha sthAna jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM bhalIbhA~ti pratiSThita rhaa| bAda ke samaya meM isa tIrtha ke bAre meM koI vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotaa| saMbhavataH vyApArika kAraNoM se yahA~ ke jaina zrAvaka anya sthAnoM para cale gaye aura yaha sthAna apane pUrva vaibhava se cyuta ho gyaa| yahA~ ke jinAlayoM kI pratimAyeM bhI anya 1. asti svastinidhiH zrImAn dezo gUrjarasaMjJayA / anutsekavivekADhyalokaH zokAcalasvaruH / / 4 // yadekAMza praticchandasvarabhramukurasthitam / gaurIzamunibAhulyAt tatpuraM pATalAbhidham prabhAvakacarita saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, pR0 80 2. trayodazazatairekasaptatyA'bhyadhikairgataiH / phAlgunemAsi paJcamyAM zuklAyAmabhavat padam / 5 / 237 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... desalo gurubhiH sArdhamagamat paattlaapure| nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabandha 5/242 3. tataH pATalAgrAme zrIneminAthatIrtha cirakAlInaM namaskRtya ............. / kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvalI-saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, pR0 63 4. pADalanayare nemi namimo tAraNagirimi ajiyajiNaM / vidhimArgaprapA-saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, pariziSTa ke arntagata prakAzita

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pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 240 sthAnoM para sthAnAntarita kara dI gayIM / Aja yahA~ koI bhI jinAlaya vidyamAna nahIM hai / " 14. prabhAsapATana kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa" meM prabhAsa kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn candraprabha ke jinA - laya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / prabhAsa Aja brAhmaNIya dharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai, parantu madhyayuga meM yaha jainoM kA eka prasiddha kendra thA / dhanezvarasUri dvArA racita zatruJjayamahAtmya ( racanAkAla - vi0 saM0 1372 / I0 san 1315 ) meM yahA~ sthita candraprabha jinAlaya kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina prabandhagraMthoM ke anusAra valabhIbhaMga ke samaya candraprabha svAmI aura ambikA tathA kSetrapAla kI pratimAyeM devapattana lAyI gayIM / devapattana 'prabhAsa' kA hI eka nAma hai / isase yaha saMketa milatA hai ki ukta pratimAoM ke sthAnAntaraNa ke pUrva yahA~ jaina maMdira vidyamAna the / 5 11vIM se 13vIM zatI taka yaha sthAna digambaroM ke kendra meM rUpa meM bhI pratiSThita rahA / kumArapAla dvArA yahA~ pArzvanAtha caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA gayA / yaha bAta hemacandrAcArya dvArA racita prAkRtadvayAzrayakAvya " se jJAta hotI hai / jUnAgar3ha saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita bhIma 'dvitIya' ( I0 san 1178 se I0 san 1241 ) ke samaya ke eka khaMDita abhilekha ke anusAra prabhAsa sthita candraprabha svAmI ke caitya kA bhIma 'dvitIya' ke samaya hemasUri dvArA jIrNoddhAra karAyA gyaa| isa abhi 1. munijayantavijaya -- zaMkhezvaramahAtIrtha, pR0 89, pAdaTippaNI 2. DhAkI, madhusUdana tathA zAstrI, prabhAzaMkara - " prabhAsa pATananA prAcIna jaina maMdiro" svAdhyAya - jilda 3, aMka 3, pR0 320-341 3. "valabhIbhaGgaprabandha" - prabandhacintAmaNi, saMpA0 jinavijaya, pR0 108-9 "valabhIbhaGgaprabandha" - purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, saMpA0 jinavijaya, pR0 83 4. DhAkI tathA zAstrI - pUrvokta 5. kathAvata, e0 bI0 - saMpA prAkRtadvayAzrayakAvya, khaMDa 2, pR0 637 6. DhAkI aura zAstrI - pUrvokta

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika ayana 241 lekha meM saMvat bhI diyA gayA hai-12 (5) arthAt prathama do aMka spaSTa haiM, tIsarA aMka (5) AdhA naSTa ho cukA hai aura cauthA aMka samApta ho cukA hai|' vastupAla-tejapAla dvArA yahA~ bhI jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| 'merutuMga' dvArA racita prabaMcitAmaNi' aura 'jinaharSagaNi' dvArA racita 'vastupAla darita ke anusAra vastupAla ne yahA~ aSTApadaprAsAda kA nirmANa karAyA / yaha nirmANa kArya vi0 saM0 1289 I0 san 1232 ke pazcAt sampanna huA mAnA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ukta kAla ke pUrva ke racita granthoM meM, jinameM vastupAla-tejapAla ke sukRtyoM kA varNana hai, isakI koI carcA nahIM milatI, jaise- somezvarakRta kortikaumudI ( racanAkAla I0 san 1231 ke lagabhaga ), udayaprabhasUri kRta dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvya- ( I0 san 1220 ke pUrva ), arisiMhakRti-sukRtasaMkIrtana-(I0san 1230 ke pUrva racita) aadi| ukta graMthoM meM vastupAla dvArA prabhAsapATana meM nirmita aSTApadaprAsAda kI koI carcA nahIM miltii| isIprakAra tejapAla dvArA yahA~ nirmita AdinAtha jinAlaya kI carcA bhI vastupAlacarita meM hI prApta hotI hai|" prabhAsapATana meM 13vIM zatI meM neminAtha ke maMdira hone kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai| yahA~ sthita candraprabha jinAlaya ke bhUgarbha meM eka bhagna pASANa khaMDa para vi0saM0 1343/I0san 1287 kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai| isa lekha ke anusAra muni suvratasvAmI kI sAmaliyAvihAra aura deva 1. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekhAGka 287 2. zrImatpattane prabhAsakSetre candraprabhaM prabhAvanayA praNipatya yathaucityAdabhyarcya ca ___ nije'STApadaprAsAde'STApadakalazamAropya tatratyadeyalokAya dAnaM dadAnaH ... ... ... / "59 vastupAlatejapAlaprabandha" prabandhacintAmaNi-saMpA0 zAstrI, durgAzaMkara, pR0 164 3. tatra cndrprbhsvaamisdnsyaantike'munaa| caturviMzatitIrthezaprAsAdo'STApadaH kRtH|| vastupAlacarita, prastAva 6, zloka 537 4. DhAkI aura zAstrI-pUrvokta 5. vahI /

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242 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha kulikA zrI somezvarapattana sthita neminAthacaityAlaya meM nirmita karAyI gyii|' isa jinAlaya kA nirmAtA kauna thA ? yaha jJAta nahIM hotaa| upadezataraMgiNI ke anusAra vi0saM0 1321/I0san 1264 meM mAMDavagar3ha ke pethar3azAha ne isa mahAtIrtha kI yAtrA kI aura usI samaya devapattana meM eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa kraayaa|2 zatruJjayaprakAza ke anusAra mAMDavagar3ha ke pethar3azAha ne jaina tIrthoM meM sukRtya karAye, ina jaina tIrthoM meM somezvarapattana kA bhI ullekha hai / ukta vivaraNoM se yaha saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI jA sakatI hai ki pethar3azAha ne devapattana meM I0 san 1264 ke lagabhaga neminAtha caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA hogaa| isa prakAra muslima AkramaNa ke pUrva yahA~ kula 6 jinAlayoM kI upasthiti kA patA calatA hai, ye jinAlaya haiM 1-valabhI bhaMga (I0 san 788-789) ke pazcAt yahA~ se jina pratimAoM kA prabhAsapattana jAnA aura vahA~ unakI caityoM meM sthaapnaa| 2-digambaroM dvArA nirmita caMdraprabhasvAmI kA maMdira, jisakA bhIma 'dvitIya' ke samaya vi0saM0 12 (5) meM jIrNoddhAra karAyA gyaa| 3-kumArapAla dvArA nirmita kumArapAla vihAra--pArzvanAtha caityaaly| 4-vastupAla dvArA nirmita aSTApadaprAsAda / 5-tejapAla dvArA nirmita AdinAjinAlaya / 6.-pethar3azAha dvArA nirmita neminAthajinAlaya / muslima AkramaNoM se gujarAta ke adhikAMza brAhmaNIya aura jaina maMdiroM ko kSati phuNcii| alAuddIna khilajI ke senApati ulagUkhAna dvArA gujarAta para I0 san 1298 se I0 san 1305 taka AkramaNoM kA krama calatA rahA / usane yahA~ ke maMdiroM ko naSTa kara inake sthAna para masjidoM kA nirmANa karAnA prArambha kara diyaa| prabhAsapATana ke bhI prAyaH sabhI maMdira yA to samApta kara diye gaye athavA unheM masjidoM ke 1. DhAkI aura zAstrI-pUrvokta / 2. vahI / 3. vhii|

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 243 rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA gyaa| Aja yahA~ sthita nimnalikhita masjidoM meM jaina maMdiroM ke avazeSa dekhe jA sakate haiM / ye masjida haiM 1-jumA masjida, 2-mAipurI masjida aura 3-kAjI kI msjid| prabhAsa kI pahacAna vartamAna somanAtha se jAtI hai| 15. moDheraka ( moDherA) kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata mor3heraka kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ke jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| moDheraka Aja moDherA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yahA~ caulukya nareza bhIma 'prathama' dvArA vi0 saM 1083 meM nirmita prasiddha sUrya mandira sthita hai, jo gujarAta ke atyanta sundara mandiroM meM se eka hai|2 __sAhityika tathA abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM mor3herA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| sUtrakRtAGgacUrNI ( I0 san 7vIM zatI ) tathA sUtrakRtAGgavRtti ( zIlAGkAcArya-I0 san 9vIM zatI) evaM skandapurANa-dharmAraNya khaNDa ( 13vIM-14vIM zatI I0 san ) meM isa sthAna kA ullekha hai / mUlarAja 'prathama' ke vi0 saM0 1043/I0 san 986 tathA bhIma 'dvitIya' ke vi0 saM0 1235/I0 san 1178 ke dAnazAsanoM meM isa sthAna kA eka grAma ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| moDherA jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM bhI pratiSThita rahA hai| siddhasenasUri dvArA racita sakalatIrthastotra (vi0 saM0 1123/I0 san 1067 ) 1. DhAkI aura zAstrI-pUrvokta 2. somapurA, ke* epha0-da sTrakcarala Tempulsa oNpha gujarAta, pR0 120 3. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla-jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta, pR0 149 / 4. jozI, umAzaMkara-purANoMmAM gujarAta, pR0 161 / 5. parIkha aura zAstrI -gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa bhAga 1, pR0 372, bhAga 4, pR0 74 / / 6. dalAla, sI0 DI0-pattanasthaprAcyajainabhANDAgArIyagranthasUcI, pR0 156 /

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244 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha meM jaina tIrthasthAnoM kI sUcI meM moDherA kA bhI ullekha hai| prabandha granthoM meM yahA~ sthita mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira kI carcA hai| prabhAvakacarita' ke "bappabhaTTisUricaritam'' ke antargata siddhasenasUri dvArA moDhera ke mahAvIra svAmI ko vandana karane tathA bappabhaTTisUri ke vahA~ darzanArtha jAne kA ullekha hai / purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha ke anusAra "valabhI ke nagara devatA dvArA vardhamAnasUri ko nirdeza diyA gayA ki sAdhuoM ko jahA~ bhikSA meM prApta kSIra rakta ho jAye aura punaH rakta se kSIra ho jAye, vahIM unheM Thahara jAnA cAhie; isa prakAra ve moDhera meM 1. moDhAkhyaprauDhagacchazrIvivoDhAnUDhamUDhataH / zrIsiddhasena ityAsInmunIndrastatra vizrutaH // 8 // vizvavidyAvadAtazrIrmAnyaH kSitibhRtAmapi / moDhere zrImahAvIraM praNantuM so'nyadAyayau // 9 // itazca zrIsiddhasenasUrayo jarasA bhRzam / AkrAntAH kRtakRtyatvAt secchAH prAyopavezane / / 274 / / bappabhaTTa vidheyasya vineyasya mukhAmbujam / didRkSavo muni praSurvRttaM cAhvAnahetave / / 275 // taM dRSTvA bahumAnArdo gurau drAgAjagAma ca / rAjapubhiH samaM moDherake prabhupadAntike // 277 // prabhoH sa nyAsavinyAsaM rundhan prathamadarzane / atRptastasya vAtsalye tenAsau jalpitaH zamI / / 278 / / "bappabhaTTimaricaritam" prabhAvakacarita, saMpA0 jinavijaya muni, pR0 80-91. 2. tataH pUrdevatayA zrIvardhamAnasUrINAM bahirbhamau rodanena jJApanam / kA tvaM sudari jalpa devisadaze kiM kAraNaM rodiSi, bhaMgaM zrIvalabhIpurasya bhagavan pazyAmyayaM pratyayaH / bhikSAyAM rudhiraM bhaviSyati payo labdhaM bhavatsAdhubhiH sthAtavyaM munibhistadeva rudhiraM yasmin payo jAyate // ..'moDherapure rudhiraM patagdrahe payo jAtam // "valabhIbhaGgaprabandha''--- purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 83

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245 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana tthhre|' prabaMdhakoza' ke bappabhaTTimariprabandha' ke antargata bappabhaTTisUri ke gurubhrAtA govindAcArya aura nannasUri ke sambandha meM isa nagarI kI carcA hai| kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrAcArya ke mAtA-pitA zrImoDhavaNika kula ke the, inake kula kA yaha nAma isalie par3A ki ye loga moDhera se Aye the / vasaMtavilAsamahAkAvya ( racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1297/I0 san 1240 ) ke racayitA zrI bAlacandrasUri mor3ha brAhmaNa the| mantrIzvara vastupAla kI dvitIya patnI mor3hajAtIya thiiN|4 jaina granthoM meM yahA~ brahmazAnti yakSa ke prabhAvakSetra hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai|" moDhera ko gujarAta rAjya ke mehasANA jile ke cANasmA tAlluka meM sthita moDherA nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| ___16 rAmasena jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke 'caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' 1. svasti zrImoDhere paramaguruzrInannasUri-zrIgovindasUripAdAn sagacchAn gopagiridurgAt ........ / "bappabhaTTisUriprabandha' prabandhakoza, pR0 45 / 2. buhalara, jArja-lAipha oNpha hemacandra, pR0 6 / 3. tripuTI mahArAja-jainatIrthono itihAsa, pR0 179 / 4. vahI, pR0 179 / 5. (i) eha rAhu ( su ? ) vistArihiM jAe, rASai sayala saMgha aNbaaii| rAkhai jAkhu ju Achai kheDai, rAkhai brahmasaMti muuddheri| AbUrAsa (racanAkAra-pAlhaNaputra, racanAkAla vi0saM0 1279]I0 san 1232) muni puNyavijaya dvArA saMpAdita-sukRtakIrtikalyolinyAdi vastupAlaprazastisaMgraha,pR0 104-108 meM prakAzita (ii) moDherakapuraM brahmazAntisthApitavIrajinamahotsavADhyaM prApuste / "bappabhaTTisUriprabandha" prabandhakoza, pR0 34 6. parIkha aura zAstrI-pUrvokta, pR0 372

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246 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha ke antargata rAmasaina kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira hone kI bAta kahI hai| rAmasana prAcInakAla meM rAmasainya ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| yaha sthAna gujarAta rAjya ke banAsakAMThA jilAntargata 'DIsA' nAmaka sthAna se 25 kimI0 uttara-pazcima meM sthita hai| yahA~ grAma ke madhya meM RSabhadeva kA eka prAcIna aura bhavya jinAlaya vidyamAna hai| tapAgacchIya somasundarasUri ke ziSya munisundarasUri ne svaracita garvAvalo ( vi0 saM0 1467-68 / I0 san 1410-11) meM RSabhadeva ke isa jinAlaya kA ullekha kiyA hai aura vi0 saM0 1010 meM isa jinAlaya meM candraprabha kI pratimA sthApita kiye jAne kI bAta kahI hai| grAma se eka mIla dUra dhAtu kI eka pratimA kA parikara prApta huA hai, jisa para eka lekha bhI utkIrNa hai| usa lekha se patA calatA hai ki yahA~ ke rAjA raghusena ne vi0 saM0 1085 meM RSabhadeva kI pratimA banavAkara isa jinAlaya meM sthApita kraayii| yadyapi jinaprabhasUri ne yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ke jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI hai, parantu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha jinAlaya prAcInakAla se hI AdinAtha ko samarpita rahA hai aura usameM samaya-samaya para vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ bhI sthApita kI jAtI rhiiN| aThArahavIM zatI ke jaina granthakAra zIlavijaya ne bhI apanI tIrthamAlA ( racanAkAla saM0 1746) meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai| ___ vartamAna meM isa jinAlaya meM pASANanirmita 8 aura dhAtunirmita 6 pratimAyeM haiM / inameM se pArzvanAtha kI eka pratimA para vi0 saM0 1289/ I0 san 1232 kA eka lekha bhI utkIrNa hai| 1. nRpAd dazAgra zaradAM sahasra 1010 yo rAmasainyAhya pure cakAra / nAbheyacaitye'STamatIrthabimbapratiSThA vidhivat sadaya'H / / 57 / / gurvAvalI, prakA0 yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI-vIra saM0 2437 2. tripuTI mahArAja-jaina tIrthono itihAsa ( prakA0 zrIcAritrasmAraka granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, I0 san 1949 ) pR0 226-227 / 3. vijayadharmasUri-saMpA0 prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, pR0 105 / 4. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, khaMDa 1, pR. 111-112

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 247 17. valabhI kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata valabhI kA bhI jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn candraprabha ke jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| ___valabhI pazcimI bhArata kI rAjadhAnI aura maitrakavaMzIya rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI thii| unake zAsanakAla vi0 saM0 527/I0 san 470 se vi0 saM0 840/I0 san 783 taka yaha nagarI vidyA, dharma aura rAjanIti tInoM dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa rhii| valabhI kA sarvaprathama ullekha pANinI ne kiyA hai|' kathAsaritsAgara-( somadevabhaTTa-I0 san 10vIM zatI) tathA dazakumAracarita (daNDI-I0 san 7vIM zatI ) meM bhI isa nagarI kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| maitrakavaMzIya rAjAoM ke samaya isa nagarI kA sarvAGgINa vikAsa huaa| inake samaya meM yaha nagarI bauddha dharma ke prasiddha kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rhii| cInI yAtriyoM ne isa sthAna kA ullekha kiyA hai| hvenasAMga ke anusAra yaha hInayAna sampradAya kA kendra thaa|" itsina (I0 san 671-695) ne ise eka vidyAkendra ke rUpa meM ullikhita karate hue nAlandA ke samAna hI mahattva diyA hai| 1. aSTAdhyAyI gaNapATha 4 / 2 / 82 / / 2. ahaM hi sArthavAhasya valabhIvAsinaH sutaH / mahAdhanAbhidhAnasya mahezvaravarAjitaH / / kathAsaritsAgara 2 / 4 / 116 / 3. 'asti saurASTra pu valabhI nAma nagarI / tasyAM gRhaguptanAmno guhyakendratulya vibhavasya nAvikapaterduhitAM ratnavatI nAma / dazakumAracarita saMpA0 nArAyaNa bAlakRSNa goDabole, ( bambaI-zaka saM0 1844 ) SaSTha ucchvAsa, pR0 225 / 4. parIkha aura zAstrI-pUrvokta, pR0 351 5. vATarsa, thAmasa-Ana hvenasAMga Trevelsa ina iMDiyA, bhAga 2, pR0 109 6. parIkha aura zAstrI-pUrvokta, pR0 352 /

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248 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha jaina paramparA meM bhI isa nagarI kA bar3A mahattva hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra yahA~ jaina AgamoM kI do vAcanAyeM huiiN| prathama vAcanA vIranirvANa ke 827 yA 840 varSa pazcAt skandilasUri kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM huI, isI varSa valabhI meM bhI nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM eka saMgIti huii| isa saMgIti ke pazcAt nAgArjuna aura skandilasUri paraspara mila na sake, jisase donoM vAcanAoM ke pAThoM meM antara banA rahA / vIra nirvANa ke 980 athavA 993 varSa pazcAt valabhI meM devadhigaNikSamAzramaNa ne AgamoM kI pUnaH vAcanA karAyI aura inheM lipibaddha kraayaa| yaha kArya dhra vasena 'prathama' ke samaya sampanna huaa| isI varSa rAjA ke putra kA Anandapura meM nidhana ho gayA, usa samaya rAjA ke zoka ko dUra karane ke liye yahA~ sArvajanika rUpa se prathama bAra kalpasUtra kI vAcanA kI gyii| jainoM kI ukta mAnyatA truTipUrNa hai, kyoMki dhra vasena 'prathama' kA samaya I0 san 520-550 mAnA jAtA hai aura jaba ki yaha saMgIti vIranirvANa saMvat 980 yA 993/I0 san 453 athavA 466 meM huI thI, ataH dhra vasena 'prathama' ke samaya valabhI kI dUsarI saMgIti hone kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| ___jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA racita vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI vi0 saM0 666 meM likhI gayI pratilipi ko yahA~ ke eka jinAlaya meM samarpita kiyA gyaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya yahA~ para jinAlaya vidyamAna the,parantu Aja yahA~ koI prAcIna jinAlaya vidyamAna nahIM haiN| jaina prabandha-granthoM meM mallavAdisUri kA kathAnaka prApta hotA hai, vivaraNA1. muni kalyANavijaya-vIranirvANa samvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR0 110 aura aage| 2. vahI, pR0 112-113 / 3. parIkha aura zAtrI-pUrvokta, bhAga 3, pR0 260 pAdaTippaNI saMkhyA 21 / 4. vahI, pR0 39 / 5. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukhabhAI DAhyAbhAI-gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA, pR0 27-33 / 6. "mallavAdisUricaritam''-prabhAvakacarita, saMpA0 jinavijaya, pR0 77-79 "mallavAdiprabandha"-prabandhacintAmaNi, saMpA0 vahI, pR0 107-109 / "mallavAdisUriprabandha-prabandhakoza, saMpA0 vahI, pR0 21-23 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 249 nusAra unhoMne zIlAditya kI sabhA meM bau dvoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA tathA rAjasabhA meM apanA prabhatva sthApita kiyaa| parantu jainoM kA ukta vivaraNa bhrAmaka mAnA jAtA hai| prathama to prabandha granthoM meM hI ukta bAta kA alaga-alaga rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura dUsare kisI bhI anya sAkSya se isakA samarthana nahIM hotaa| rAjadarabAra meM bauddhoM ke vyApaka prabhAva ke kAraNa sambhavataH dhAmika vidveza ke kAraNa jainoM ne yaha kathA gar3ha lI hai| vAstava meM valabhI maitrakayuga meM bauddhoM kA eka prasiddha kendra rhaa| maitraka nareza yadyapi bauddha dharmAvalambI the,parantu unhoMne kisI bhI dharma para koI kuThArAghAta nahIM kiyaa| isa samaya brAhmaNIya dharma bhI vikasita hotA rahA tathA jainoM para bhI koI dabAva nahIM thA, tathApi ise rAjAzraya prApta na ho skaa| phira bhI yahA~ jainoM kI bar3I saMkhyA vidyamAna thI, yaha bAta vala bhI saMgIti ke vivaraNa aura prabandhagranthoM se spaSTa hotI hai| prabandhagranthoM ke anusAra valabhIbhaMga ke samaya yahA~ se jinapratimAyeM bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM ko le jAyI gyiiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki maitraka yuga meM valabhI nagarI meM jaina dharma vidyamAna rhaa| jaina prabandhagranthoM meM valabhI bhaMga kI kaI tithiyA~ prApta hotI haiM,2 parantu ve prAmANika nahIM mAnI jaatii| vAstava meM yaha nagarI I0 san 783 ke pUrva avazya hI naSTa kI jA cukI thI, yaha bAta harivaMzapurANa ( jinasena-I0 san 783 ) se jJAta hotI hai / Adhunika vidvAnoM ne valabhIbhaMga kI tithi I0 san 776 mAnI hai| bhaMga hone ke pazcAt bhI isa nagarI kA astittva banA rahA, parantu vaha apane pUrvavaibhava ko pUrNataH 1. "valabhIbhaGgaprabandha-prabandhacintAmaNi, saMpA0 jinavijaya, pR0 109 / "valabhIbhaGgaprabandha"-purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, saMpA0 jinavijaya, pR0 82 / 2. virajI, ke 0 je0-ainziyenTa hisTrI oNpha saurASTra, pR0 102 / 3. zAkeSvadvazateSu saptasudizaM paMcotereSUttaraM (rAM) pAtIdrAyudhanAnti (mni) kRSNanRpajezrIvallabhe dakSiNAM / pUrvAM zrImadavati (nti) bhUmRti nRpe vatsAdirAjai (je) parAM sauryANAmadhimaDalaM jayayute vIre varAde(he)bani(ti) // 51 // harivaMzaprANa kI prazasti 4. virajI, ke. ke0 --pUrvokta, pR0 101-102 /

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250 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha kho cukI thii| prabhAvakacarita' se jJAta hotA hai ki hemacandra ke sAtha kumArapAla yahA~ Aye the aura unhoMne AdinAtha tathA pArzvanAtha kI pratimAoM ko navanirmita prAsAda meM sthApita kraayaa| vastupAla ne bhI yahA~ sthita AdinAtha jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA evaM sudhAkuMDa tathA prapA kA nirmANa karAyA / ' valabhI ko gujarAta rAjya ke bhAvanagara jilAntargata vartamAna 'valA' nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ grAma meM vi0saM0 1960 meM nirmita pArzvanAtha kA eka jinAlaya vidyamAna hai / 3 18. vAyaDa kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa' ke antargata vAyaDa kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| vAyaDa kA jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama ullekha sambhavataH sakalatIrthastotra (racanAkAra-siddhasenasUri, vi0 saM0 1123) meM prApta hotA hai / jaina prabandhagranthoM meM bhI isa sthAna kI carcA hai| prabhAvaka carita" 1. "hemasUricaritam'-prabhAvakacarita, saMpA0 jinavijaya, pR0 211 2. DhAkI, ema0 e0 tathA zAstrI, harizaMkara prabhAzaMkara--"bastupAla-teja pAlanI kIrtinAtmaka pravRttiyo" svAdhyAya, varSa 4, aMka 3, pR0 _305-320 / 3. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-pUrvokta, pR0 114-115 / 4. thaaraauddy-vaaydd-jaaliittttr-ngr-khedd-moddhere|| aNahillavADanayare va(ca)DDAvallIya baMbhANe // 27 / / dalAla, sI0DI0-pattanasthaprAcyajanabhANDAgArIyagranthasUcI, pR0 156 jagatprANa: purAdevo jagatprANapradAyakaH / svayaM sadA'navasthAnaH sthAnamicchan jagatyasau // 5 // vAyaTAkhyaM mahAsthAnaM gUrjarAvanimaNDanam / dadau zrIbhUmidevebhyo brahmabhya iva mUrtibhiH / / 6 // 'jIvadevasUricaritam'' prabhAvakacarita, pR0 47 / :

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 251 tathA prabaMdhakoza'ke anusAra yahA~ vAyudeva kA maMdira thaa| skaMdapurANa'dharmAraNyakhaNDa' ( 13vIM-14vIM zatI ) meM bhI yahA~ sthita vAyudeva ke maMdira kI carcA hai| prabaMdhakoza ke anusAra 'vAyaDa' aNahilapurapattana ke antargata eka 'mahAsthAna' thaa| yahA~ sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya kA bhI rAjazekhara ne ullekha kiyA hai| purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha' ke anusAra caulukyanareza jayasiMha siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke mantrI udayana kI prathama patnI ke mRtyoparAnta usake putra vAhar3a ( bAgabhaTTa ) ne vAyaDa meM apane pitA kI dUsarI zAdI nizcita kii| "vAyaDamahAsthAna" se hI vAyaDagaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai / jinadattasUri isa gaccha ke prasiddha AcArya the| inhoMne "vivekavilAsa' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / vi0 saM0 1265 meM yahA~ ( vAyaDa meM ) inakA Agamana huA, isa avasara para unhoMne aneka logoM ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| ve vastupAla ke sAtha zatrujaya kI yAtrA para bhI gye| vAyaDa brAhmaNoM tathA vAyaDa vANikoM kI yahIM se utpatti huI mAnI jAtI hai / vastupAla ne yahA~ sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| yaha kArya I0san 1. gUrjaradharAyAM vAyudevatAsthApitaM vAyaTa nAma mahAsthAnam / "jIvadevasUriprabandha''-prabandhakoza, pR0 7 2. skandapurANa-dharmAraNyakhaNDa 3 / 2 / 2 / 1 3. zrIaNahillapattanAsannaM vAyaTa nAma mahAsthAnamAste / "amaracandrakaviprabandha"-prabandhakoza, pR0 61 / 4. sa nimbo vAyaTe zrImahAvIraprAsAdamacIkarat / ___'jIvadevasUricaritam'-prabandhakoza, pR0 8 5. vAyaDapure jIvitasvAminaM zrImunisuvratamaparaM zrIvIraM nantuM calata / "mantriudayanaprabandha'--purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 32 / 6. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda-jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 341 / 7. vahI 8. vahI

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252 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 1232 ke pazcAta hI sampanna huA hogaa|' vRddhAcAryaprabandhAvalI' meM bhI yahA~ sthita mahAvIra svAmI ke jinAlaya kA ullekha hai| uparokta vivaraNoM se spaSTa hai ki pUrva-madhyakAla meM vAyaDa brAhmaNIya tathA jaina dharma kA eka prasiddha tIrtha rhaa| yahA~ vAyudeva tathA mahAvIra svAmI ke jinAlaya vidyamAna the| Aja yaha eka sAdhAraNa grAma mAtra hai| yahA~ Aja na to koI prAcIna maMdira hai aura na koI aisA prAcIna avazeSa hI milA hai| grAma ke madhya meM sambhavanAtha kA eka jinAlaya hai, jo vi0 saM0 1950 ke lagabhaga nirmita hai| yaha sthAna gujarAta rAjya ke banAsakAMThA jilAntargata pATana se 23 kimI0 uttara-pazcima meM sthita hai| 19. zatruJjayakalpa zatrujaya prAcInakAla se hI jainoM ke eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa tIrtha ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rahA hai| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrtha kI prAcInatA, isake vibhinna nAma, paurANika evaM aitihAsika ghaTanAoM Adi kA sundara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai___ "zatruJjaya ke 21 nAma pracalita haiM, yathA 1 --siddhakSetra, 2-tIrtharAja, 3--marudeva, 4-bhagIratha, 5--vimalAcala, 6-bAhabali, 7sahasrakamala, 8--tAladhvaja, 9- kadamba, 10--zatapatra, 11- nagAdhirAja, 12--aSTottarazatakUTa, 13--sahasrapatra, 14--DhaGka, 151. sukRtasaMkIrtana-( racanAkAra-arisiMha-1231 I0 san ), sukRtakIrtikallolinI ( udayaprabhasUri 1232 I0 san ) Adi grantha jo vastupAla-tejapAla ke satkAryoM kA vivaraNa dete haiM, san 1232 taka likhe jA cuke the, parantu inameM vAyaDa sthita mahAvIra jinAlaya kA vastupAla dvArA punanirmANa karAye jAne kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| ataH yaha mAnanA anucita na hogA ki ukta jIrNoddhAra I0 san 1232 ke pazcAt hI sampanna huA hogaa| 2. kharataragacchabRhatgurvAvalI, pR0 63, 73, 78 / 3. zAha, ambAlAla pI0 ---jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha, tIrthasacI-kramAMka-838 / 4. somapurA, ke0 epha0 --da sTrakcarala Tempalsa oNpha gujarAta, pR0 230

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253 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana lauhitya, 16--kadinivAsa, 17--siddhazikhara, 18 --zatrujaya, 19-- muktinilaya, 20~-siddhiparvata aura 21---punnddriik| isa tIrtha kA vistAra avasarpiNIkAla ke vibhinna AroM meM alaga-alaga rhaa| isa kAla ke prathama Are meM yaha 80 yojana vistAra vAlA rahA tathA SaSTham aura antima Are meM kevala sAta hAtha vistAra vAlA ho gyaa| RSabhadeva ke samaya yaha parvata 50 yojana lambA, 10 yojana caur3A aura 8yojana U~cA thaa| neminAtha ko chor3akara anya sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kA yahA~ samavasaraNa huA hai / bharata aura bAhubali ne yahA~ aneka caityoM aura bimboM kA nirmANa kraayaa| bharata cakravartI ke prathama pUtra aura RSabhadeva ke prathama gaNadhara puNDarIkasvAmI isa tIrtha se sarvaprathama siddha hue| unake pazcAt anya kaI koTi RSiyoM ne bhI yahA~ se siddhi prApta kii| rAma, nArada, jaya, paMca pAMDava, kuntI tathA anya kaI koTi RSi yahA~ se mukta hue / ajitanAtha aura zAntinAtha ne apane kaI varSAvAsa yahA~ bitaaye| yahA~ aneka bAra nirmANa aura uddhAra kArya karAye gye| samprati, sAtavAhana, vikramAditya, jAvar3a, pAdalipta aura Ama tathA vAhar3a dvArA yahA~ karAye gaye jIrNoddhAra prasiddha haiN| kalki kA pautra meghaghoSa bhaviSya meM yahA~ caityoM kA nirmANa kraayegaa| vikramAditya ke 108 varSa pazcAt madhumatinagarI ke nivAsI jAvar3azAha ne yahA~ eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA aura usameM RSabhadeva, cakrezvarIdevI, aura kapardiyakSa kI pratimAyeM sthApita kraayiiN| anya tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane kI apekSA yahA~ kI yAtrA karane para saugunA phala prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra pUjA karane se saugunA puNya yahA~ jina bimba nirmANa karAne se prApta hotA hai tathA caityanirmANa karAne se hajAra gunA puNya prApta hotA hai| yahA~ parvata para AdinAtha kA eka bhavya jinAlaya hai| isake bAyIM tarapha satyapurIyAvatAramaMdira tathA usake pIche aSTApadajinAlaya vidyamAna hai| dUsare anya zikharoM para zreyAMsanAtha, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, RSabhadeva evaM mahAvIrasvAmI ke caityAlaya haiM / mantrIzvara vAgbhaTTa ne yahA~ RSabhadevakA caitya bnvaayaa| vastupAla, pethar3azAha Adi ne bhI yahA~ jinAlaya nirmita karAye / vi0 saM0 1369 meM mlecchoM ne yahA~ tor3a-phor3a kiyA, tatpazcAt vi0 saM0 1371 meM saMghapati samarAzAha ne yahA~ caityoM kA punanirmANa kraayaa| pAlitAnA nagarI meM

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254 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke do jinAlaya haiM / bhadrabAhusvAmI ne "kalpaprAbhata" ke AdhAra para "zatraJjayakalpa" kI racanA kii| usake bAda vajrasvAmI aura pAdaliptAcArya ne bhI "zatruJjayakalpa' likhA / unhIM ke AdhAra para saMkSepa meM vi0 saM0 1385 meM yaha kalpa likhA gayA hai|" granthakAra dvArA ullikhita isa tIrtha kI prAcInatA, vibhinna nAma, tIrtha kA vistAra, tIrthaGkaroM kA Agamana, bharata evaM bAhubali dvArA caityoM kA nirmANa, karor3oM muniyoM ko yahAM se siddhi evaM mukti prApta karane Adi sambandhI kathAnaka paurANika mAnyatAoM kI koTi meM rakhe jA sakate haiN| yadyapi zraddhAlu jainoM ke liye inakA viziSTa mahattva hai, kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se ye kathAyeM upekSaNIya haiM / samprati, sAtavAhana, vikramAditya, pAdalipta, Ama aura jAvar3azAha ko granthakAra ne yahA~ jinAlayoM ke nirmANa karAne kA zreya diyA hai| yadyapi ye sabhI vyakti prAyaH aitihAsika hI haiM, parantu una sabhI dvArA yahAM uddhArakArya karAne kA koI vizvasanIya pramANa nahIM milatA hai|' kalki ke prapautra meghaghoSa dvArA bhaviSya meM yahAM jinAlayoM ke nirmANa karAne kA granthakAra ne jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha unake zraddhAlatA kI ora saMketa karatA hai / isIprakAra isa tIrtha kI yAtrA karane tathA bimboM evaM caityoM ke nirmANa karAne ke sambandha meM puNya-lAbha kI jo bAta kahI gayI hai, usakA uddezya zraddhAlu jaina upAsakoM ke antaHsthala meM isa tIrtha ke prati vizeSa zraddhAbhAva utpanna karanA hI hai| jaina AcAryoM dvArA samaya-samaya para prasArita isI avadhAraNA se hI yahA~ anekAneka jinAlayoM kA nirmANa sambhava ho sakA hai| kumArapAla ke maMtrI udayana ke putra bAhar3a ( vAgbhaTTa ) dvArA yahA~ jinAlaya nirmita karAye jAne kA jinaprabhasUri ne ullekha kiyA hai| yahI 1. zatrujayakalpa-( racanAkAra-tapagacchIyadharmaghoSasUri ) meM samprati, sAtavAhana, vikramAditya, pAdalipta, Ama aura jAvar3a zAha dvArA yahAM jinAlayoM ke nirmANa karAne kA ullekha hai /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 255 bAta prabaMdhacintAmaNi' meM bhI kahI gayI hai| usake anusAra udayana ke putra vAgbhaTTa dvArA vi0saM0 1211 meM zatrujaya para naye prAsAda kA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| Aja yahA~ jo sabase prAcIna jinAlaya vidyamAna hai, vaha vAgbhaTTa dvArA nirmita jinAlaya hI hai| vastupAla aura pethar3azAha dvArA bhI yahA~ jinAlayoM ke nirmANa karAne kA ullekha milatA hai, jisase jinaprabha kI bAta kA samarthana hotA hai| vi0saM0 1369 meM yahA~ mlecchoM dvArA kiye gaye vidhvaMsa kA granthakAra ne jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha satya hai / isa samaya taka gurjaradeza para dillI ke sultAna alAuddIna 1-2. athANahillapuraM prAptaisteH svajanastaM vRttAntaM jJApitau vAgbhaTTAmrabhaTau tAnevAbhigrahAngRhItvA jiirnnoddhaarmaarebhaate| varSadvayena zrIzajaye prAsAde niSpanne upetyAgatamAnuSeNa vardhApanikAyAM vAcyamAnAyAM punarAgatena dvitIyapuruSeNa prAsAdaH sphuTita ityUce / tatastaptatra puprAyAM giraM nizamya zrIkumArapAlabhUpAlamApRccharamahaM0 kapardinizrIkaraNamudrAM niyojya turaGgamANAM catubhiH sahastraiH saha zrIzatruJjayopatyakAM prApta svanAmnA vAgbhaTTapuranagaraM nivezayAmAsa / sabhramaprAsAde pavanaH praviSTo na niryAtIti sphuTanahetuM zilpibhinirNIyoktaM, bhramahIne ca prAsAde niranvayatAM vimRzyA'nvayAbhAve dharmasaMtAnamevAstu pUrvoddhArakAriNAM zrIbharatAdInAM par3atau nAmAstu, iti tena mantriNA dIrghadarzinyA buddha yA vibhAvya bhramabhittyorantarAlaM zilAbhinicitaM vidhAya varSatrayeNa niSpanne prAsAde kalazadaNDapratiSThAyAM zrIpattanasaMgha nimantraNApUrvamihAnIya mahatA mahena saM0 1211 varSe dhvajAropaM maMtrI kArayAmAsa / sa zailamayabiMba mammANIyakhanIsaktaparikaramAnIya nivezitavAn / zrIvAgbhaTapure nRpatipiturnAmnA tribhuvanapAlavihAre zrIpArzvanAthaM sthApitavAn / tIrthapUjAkRte ca caturviMzatyArAmAnagare parito vapra devalokasya grAsavAsAdi datvA caitatsarva kArayAmAsa / "kumArapAlaprabandha' pravandhacintAmaNi-saM0-durgAzaMkarazAstrI, pR0 141-142 3. DhAkI, madhusUdana tathA zAstrI, harizaMkara-"vastupAla-tejapAlanI kIti nAtmaka pravRttiyo' svAdhyAya varSa 4, aMka 3, pR0 305-320 4. pethaDarAsa, 44-52 ( racanAkAra mAMDalika; racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1360/ I0 san 1303 ke Asa-pAsa ) prAcInagUrjarakAvyasaMgraha, saMpA0 sI0DI0 dalAla, pR0 154-159 / upakezagacchIya kakkasUri dvArA racita nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabandha ( racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1393 ) meM bhI ukta bAta kahI gayI hai|

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256 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha khilajI kA adhikAra sthApita ho gayA thA, usane alapakhAna ko yahA~ kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thA aura usI ne yahA~ tor3aphor3a kiyaa| vi0saM0 1371 meM saMghapati samarAzAha ne yahA~ ke caityoM kA punarnirmANa karAyA, yaha bAta AmradevasUri dvArA racita samarArAsu se jJAta hotI hai| jinaprabha ne bhI yahI yahI bAta kahI hai / apane vivaraNa ke anta meM unhoMne batalAyA hai ki unhoMne isa kalpa ko bhadrabAhu, vajrasvAmI aura pAdaliptasUri dvArA racita zatrujayakalpa' ke AdhAra para likhA hai, tathApi unake vivaraNa kI sabhI bAteM hameM tapagacchIya dharmaghoSasUri dvArA racita 'zatra jayakalpa meM vistAra se prApta hotI haiN| 'dharmaghoSasari ko jinaprabhasUri se lagabhaga 40-50 varSa pahale rakhA jAtA hai| ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jinaprabha ne dharmaghoSasUri dvArA racita 'zatrujayakalpa' ke AdhAra para hI yaha kalpa likhA hogaa| Aja yahA~ parvata para aura usakI talahaTI meM avasthita pAlItAnA nagarI meM choTe-bar3e 800 se adhika jinAlaya haiN| caulukya aura vaghela zAsakoM ke samaya yahA~ aneka jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA gayA, parantu musalamAnoM ne yahA~ ke adhikAMza maMdiroM ko naSTa kara diyaa| bAda meM 15vIM se 19vIM zatI taka yahA~ aneka maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA gyaa| jisase sampUrNa parvatazRkhalA aura ghATI maMdiroM se hI DhaMka gayI hai| Aja yahA~ jitane adhika jinAlaya haiM utane anyatra kahIM nahIM haiM / yahA~ ke jinAlayoM meM aneka prAcIna pratimAyeM bhI haiM unameM se kucha para lekha bhI utkIrNa haiM / ye lekha vi0saM0 1034 se lekara 20 vIM zatI taka ke haiM / 1. AgamoddhAra granthamAlA jilA, kher3A ( gujarAta ) dvArA vi0 saM0 2026 meM prkaashit| 2. pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI se ukta sUcanA prApta huI hai, jisake liye lekhaka unakA abhArI hai| 3. ina lekhoM ke sambandha meM vistArapUrvaka vivaraNa ke liye draSTavya-- (i) zAha, e0 pI0-"sama insakRpsansa eNDa imijeja oNna mAunTa zatrujaya''-mahAvIrajainavidyAlayasuvarNamahotsavaaMka, bhAga 1, pR0 162-169 / (ii) DhAkI ema. e.-"zatruJyagirinA keTalAka pratimA lekho' sambodhi jilda 7, naM0 1-4, pR0 13-25 / / (iii) muni, kaMcanasAgara-zatruJjayagirirAjadarzana ina skalpacarsa eNDa * ArkiTekcara, (prakA. AgamoddhAraka granthamAlA, kapaDavaja, 1982 ii.)|

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 255 20. zaMkhezvarapArzvanAthakalpa zaMkhapura zvetAmbara jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai| zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya meM isake bAre meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / jinaprabhasUri ne bhI isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai aura isake sambandha meM pracalita mAnyatAoM kI carcA kI hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM "pUrva kAla meM eka bAra rAjagaha nagarI ke rAjA naveM prativAsudeva jarAsandha ne naveM vAsUdeva kRSNa para car3hAI karane ke liye pazcima dizA kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| usake Agamana kA samAcAra sunakara kRSNa bhI apanI senA ke sAtha dvArakA se cale aura rAjya kI sImA para A kara DaTa gaye / vahIM para ariSTanemi ne apanA pAJcajanya nAmaka zaMkha bajAyA, jisase vaha sthAna zaMkhapura ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| jaba donoM pakSoM meM yuddha prArambha huA taba jarAsandha ne kRSNa kI senA meM mahAmArI phailA dI, jisase unakI senA hArane lgii| isI samaya ariSTanemi kI salAha para kRSNa ne tapasyA kI aura pAtAlasthita bhAvI tIrthaGkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratimA prApta kii| phira usa pratimA ko nhavaNa karAyA gayA aura usI jala ko senA para chir3aka diyA gayA, jisase mahAmArI zAnta huI aura unhoMne jarAsandha ko parAjita kara mAra DAlA / pArvanAtha kI ukta pratimA vahIM ( zaMkhapura meM ) sthApita kara dI gyii| kAlAntara meM yaha tIrtha vicchinna ho gayA tathA yaha pratimA bAda meM vahIM zaMkhakapa meM prakaTa huI aura use caitya nirmita kara vahIM sthApita kara dI gyii| isa tIrtha meM aneka camatkArika ghaTanAyeM ghaTita huiiN| turka loga bhI yahA~ upadrava nahIM karate haiN|" ___ zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha ke bAre meM jinaprabhasUri ne jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, vaisA hI vivaraNa upake zagacchIya kakkasUri dvArA racita nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabandha' ( racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1393 ) meM bhI prApta hotA hai| pazcAtkAlIna anya granthoM meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| 1. prastAva 5, zloka 243-251

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258 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha zIlAGkAcAryakRta caupannamahApuruSacariyaM ( vi0 saM0 925/I0 san 868 ), maladhAragacchIya hemacandrasUri dvArA racita neminAhacariya ( 12vIM zatI kA uttarArdha), kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrAcAryakRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (vi0 saM0 1214-28 ke madhya ), maladhAragacchIya devaprabhasUrikRta pAMDavacaritamahAkAvya (vi0 saM0 1270 I0 san 1213 ke pazcAt ) Adi granthoM meM bhI ukta kathAnaka prApta hotA hai, parantu vahA~ zaMkhapura nahIM apitu Anandapura nAmaka nagarI ke basAne kA ullekha hai| jinaprabhasUri ke ukta kathAnaka kA AdhArabhUta grantha kauna-sA hai ? ve svayaM ise gIta ke AdhAra para ullikhita batalAte haiM saMkhapura dviamuttI kAmiyatitthaM jiNesaro pAso / tassesa mae kappo lihio gIyANusAreNa // kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa-pR0 52 yaha gIta kauna-sA thA ? usake racanAkAra kA samaya kyA thA ? yaha jJAta nhiiN| zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha ko muMjapura se dakSiNa-pazcima meM sAta mIla dUra rAdhanapura ke antargata sthita 'zaMkhezvara' nAmaka grAma se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| grAma ke madhya meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA IMToM se nirmita eka prAcIna jinAlaya hai, jo aba khaNDahara ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| isI ke nikaTa eka navIna jinAlaya kA bhI nirmANa karAyA gayA hai| jayasiMha siddharAja ke maMtrI daNDanAyaka sajjana ko yahA~ sthita pArzvanAtha caityAlaya ke jIrNoddhAra karAne kA zreya diyA jAtA hai| yaha kArya vi0 saM0 1155 ke lagabhaga sampanna huA mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi samakAlIna graMthoM meM isa bAta kI kahIM carcA nahIM milatI,parantu pazcAt 1. muni jayantavijaya-zaMkhezvaramahAtIrtha, pR0 32 2. barjesa eNDa kajinsa--da ArkiTekcarala ainTIkvITIja oNpha nArdana gujarAta ( vArANasI-1975 I0 ), pR0 94-95 / 3.. vahI, pR0 95 / :

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 259 kAlIna granthoM se yaha bAta jJAta hotI hai|' vastupAla-tejapAla ne bhI yahA~ sthita caityAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA evaM caityazikhara para svarNakalaza lgvaayaa| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha kArya vi0 saM0 1286 ke lagabhaga sampanna haA, parantu yatheSTha pramANoM ke abhAva meM ukta tithi ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bIjUvAr3A ke rANA durjanazAla ne bhI ukta pArzvanAtha caityAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| yaha bAta jagaDacaritamahAkAvya se jJAta hotI hai| caudahavIM zatI ke antima dazaka meM alAuddIna khilajI ne isa tIrtha ko naSTaprAya kara diyaa|" ___Aja yahA~ grAma meM IMToM se nirmita jo dhvaMsa jinAlaya vidyamAna hai vaha akabara dvArA gujarAta-vijaya ( I0 san 1572 ) ke turanta bAda 1. muni jayantavijaya--pUrvokta, pR0 96 aura Age 2. vastupAlacarita-( jinaharSagaNi-vi0 saM0 1497 ); prastAva 7, zloka 284-297 / 3. muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta, pR0 99 aura Age 4. itazca pUrNimApakSoyotikArI mahAmatiH / zrImAnparamadevAkhyaH sUri ti taponidhiH / / 1 / / zrIzaGkhazvarapArzvasyAdezamAsAdya yaH kRtI / AcAmlavardhamAnAkhyaM nirvighnaM vidadhe tapaH / / 2 / / aghoSazatavarSeSu vyadhikeSu ca vikramAt / / mArgazIrSasya zuklAyAM paJcamyAM zravaNe ca bhe // 3 / / kaTapadrAbhidhe grAme devapAlasya vezmani / AcAmlatapasazcakre pAraNaM yaH zubhAzayaH / yugmam // 4 / / prabodhaM saptayakSANAM saMghavighnavidhAyinAm / zozapArzvabhavane yazcakAra kRpAparaH // 5 // tasyaivArAdhanaM kRtvA cAritrazrIvibhUSitaH / rAjJo durjanazalyasya kuSTarogaM jahAra yaH // 6 // bhUpo durjanazalyo'pi yasyAdezamavApya saH / zaGkhazapArzvadevasya samuddadhaM ca mandiram // 7 // --jagaDUcaritamahAkAvya ( sarvANaMdasUri-14vIM zatI lagabhaga ) sarga 6, zloka 1-7 5. muni jayantavijaya-pUrvokta, pR0 101 /

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260 pazcima bhArata ke jainatI banavAyA gayA, kyoMki usa samaya taka jainoM ne samrAT kA vizvAsa prApta kara liyA thA aura ve ahamadazAhI bandhanoM se bhI pUrNatayA mukta ho cuke the, isI se utsAhita hokara unhoMne yaha nirmANa kArya karAyA / isa jinAlaya ko rAjya kI ora se dAna evaM zAhI pharamAna bhI prApta huA / isa jinAlaya meM vi0 saM0 1652 se 1698 taka ke lekha prApta hue. haiM, jo dhvasta deharIoM, unake bArazAkhoM Adi para utkIrNa haiM / inakI kula saMkhyA 35 haiM, jinameM se 28 lekhoM meM kAlanirdeza hai; zeSa lekha mitivihIna haiM / yahA~ sthita navIna jinAlaya ke mukhyadvAra ke bAhara bA~yIM ora vi0 saM0 1868 bhAdrapada sudI 10 budhavAra kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai / barjesa ne isa lekha ke AdhAra para yaha mata vyakta kiyA hai ki yaha jinAlaya ukta tithi meM nirmita huA hai / parantu unakA yaha mata bhrAmaka hai / vastutaH isa lekha meM ukta jinAlaya ko diye gaye dAna evaM usake vyaya ke prabandha sambandhI vivaraNa haiM / muni jayantavijaya kA yaha mata ucita hI pratIta hotA hai ki isa jinAlaya ke nirmAtA, pratiSThApakaAcArya, pratiSThA tithi Adi ke sambandha meM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / navIna jinAlaya meM pratiSThita pratimAoM, parikaroM, deharIoM Adi para vi0 saM0 1214 se vi0 saM0 1916 taka ke lekha utkIrNa haiM / " inameM se 21 lekhoM meM kAlanirdeza hai, zeSa 3 lekha mitivihIna haiM / 1. barjesa aura kajinsa - pUrvokta, pR0 95 / 2. parIkha aura zAstrI - saMpA0 gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa - jilda 6, pR0 374 muni jayantavijaya - pUrvokta, pR0 217 aura Age 3. muni jayantavijaya - pUrvokta, pR0 188-193 4. vahI, lekhAGka 11, pR0 184 5. barjesa aura kajinsa -- pUrvokta 6. muni jayantavijaya - pUrvokta, pR0 119 7. vahI, pR0 182 - 188

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 261 zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha gujarAta prAnta ke mehasaNA jilAntargata sthita hai|' 21. siMhapura kalpapradIpa ke caturazotimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata siMhapura kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahA~ vimalanAtha aura neminAtha ke jinAlaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra 11veM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha kA siMhapura meM janma haA thaa|' jahA~ taka jinaprabhasUri ke ullekha kA prazna hai; unhoMne, jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa meM zreyAMsanAtha se sambandhita sthAnoM ke sAtha nahIM apitu vimalanAtha aura neminAtha se sambandhita sthAnoM ke sAtha siMhapura kA ullekha kiyA hai / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha siMhapura zreyAMsanAtha ke janmasthAna siMhapura se bhinna hai| jahA~ taka isa tIrtha kI bhaugolika sthiti kA prazna hai, dvArakA aura stambhatIrtha ke sAtha isa sthAna kA ullekha hai / ataH ise gujarAta rAjya meM sthita honA caahie| isa AdhAra para siMhapura ko bhAvanagara jilAntargata sihora nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne isase bhinna tarkoM ke AdhAra para bhI isI 1. parIkha aura zAstrI-pUrvokta, bhAga 1, pR0 372-373 2. mehatA aura candrA-prAkRta prApara nemsa, pR0 802; joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 184 / ___siMhapura kI bhaugolika sthiti ke bAre meM prAcIna jaina sAhitya se koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| uttarakAlIna jaina paramparA meM ise vArANasI nagarI se uttara meM avasthita sAranAtha nAmaka prasiddha sthAna ke nikaTa sthita siMhapurI se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jinaprabhasUri ke samaya taka isa mAnyatA kA janma nahIM huA thA, kyoMki vArANasInagarIkalpa meM unhoMne sAranAtha aura yahAM ke bauddha smArakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu siMhapurI kI koI carcA nahIM hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki jinaprabhasUri ke pazcAt hI isa mAnyatA kA pracalana huA hogaa|

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262 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha samIkaraNa ko svIkAra kiyA hai|' Aja yahA~ ajitanAtha, kunthunAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke jinAlaya vidyamAna haiM, parantu ve vartamAna yuga ke haiN|' 22. stambhanakakalpa kalpapradIpa ke antargata stambhanaka tIrtha para 3 kalpa likhe gaye haiM 1-zrI pArzvanAthakalpa 2-zrIstambhanakakalpa aura 3-stambhana-pArzvanAthakalpaziloJcha inameM se prathama meM to pArzvanAtha kI mahimA kA varNana hai / dUsare meM yahA~ bhUmi se abhayadevasUri dvArA pratimA prakaTa karane kA ullekha hai aura tIsare kalpa meM savistAra nAgArjuna kI kathA aura abhayadevasUri dvArA pratimA prakaTa karane kI carcA hai| ataH yahA~ kevala tIsare kalpa-stambhana-pAzrvanAthakalpaziloJcha kA hI vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / isa vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM_ "DhaMka parvata para vAsukI aura bhopaladevI kA putra nAgArjuna rahatA thaa| vaha vAnaspatika auSadhiyoM kA viziSTa jJAtA thaa| prasiddha jainAcArya pAdaliptasUri se usane gaganagAminI vidyA siikhii| eka bAra vaha seDhI nadI ke taTa para pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ke samakSa rasasiddhi kA prayAsa kara rahA thA, jisameM use asaphalatA milI aura vahIM usakI hatyA kara dI gyii| pArzvanAtha kI pratimA bhUmi meM calI gayI aura vahIM para rasastambhita huA, jisase usa sthAna kA nAma hI stambhanaka par3a gyaa| bahuta kAla vyatIta hone para abhayadevasUri vahA~ Aye aura unhoMne jayatihaaNastotra kA pATha kiyA, jisase pArzvanAtha kI pratimA prakaTa huI; jise unhoMne vahIM para caitya nirmita karAkara sthApita kara diyaa|" .. . . . . .. . ... .. . . .. . 1. parIkha aura zAstrI-gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa bhAga 1, pR0 354-55 / 2. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-jainatIrthasarvasaMgraha-tIrthasUcI-kramAMka 1666 1668 / . . ..... . . . . .. . . . WAR

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 263 candrakula ke prasiddha AcArya navAGgIvRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke sambandha meM jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita uparokta vivaraNa hameM prabhAvakacarita, prabaMdhacitAmaNi, purAtanaprabaMdhasaMgraha Adi granthoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai, ' ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jinaprabhasUri ke ukta vivaraNa kA AdhAra ye grantha hI rahe hoNge| __prabaMdhakoza meM kahA gayA hai ki kumArapAla, vastupAla aura tejapAla ne isa tIrtha kI yAtrA kI thii| vastupAla-tejapAla dvArA vi0 saM0 1288 meM giranAra sthita neminAtha prAsAda para utkIrNa karAye gaye 6 bRhat zilAlekhoM meM aNahilapura, bhRgupura, stambhatIrtha, darbhAvatI aura dhavalakka ke sAtha stambhanaka kA bhI ullekha hai| vastupAlacarita meM bhI usake dvArA yahA~ kI yAtrA karane kI carcA hai| jinaprabhasUri 1. "abhayadevasUricaritam" prabhAvakacarita, pR0 165 "nAgArjunotpattistambhanakatIrthaprabandha' prabandhacintAmaNi ( saMpA0 durgA zaMkara zAstrI ), pR0 196 / "abhayadevasUriprabandha'-purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR0 95-96 "pAdaliptAcAryaprabandha'-prabandhakoza, pR0 14 "nAgArjunaprabandha"-vahI, pR0 84-86 2. rAjA stambhanapure yAtrAM sUtrayAmAsa / tatpuraM pArzvadevAya dadau / .... . / "hemasUriprabandha" prabandhakoza, pR0 52-53 3. ekadA tau bhrAtaro dvAvapi mantripurandarau mahaddhisaGghopetau zrIpArvaM nantuM stambhanakapuramIyatuH / ... ... ... ... ... .... __ "vastupAlaprabandha''-prabandhakoza, pR0 109 4. muni puNyavijaya-sukRtakIrtikallolinyAdivastupAlaprazastisaMgraha navam pariziSTa, pR0 44--58 5. deva tvaM jaya raJjayan janamano'bhISTArthasArthArpaNAdbhaktiprahvasuparvazekharagala nmandAradAmAcitaH / sarvAzAprasaratprabhAvanibhRtaH zrIpArzvavizezvaraH, zrImatstaMbhanakAbhidhAnanagarAlaGkAracUr3AmaNiH / yasyArcAmaNinAmamaMtratadabhizleSAnubhAvollasadravya-NizremahauSadhIsamudAye mAhAtmyamatyadbhUtam / dRSTvA'zeSamaNivrajAdiSu tathA bhAvaM budhA menire, sa zrIpArvajinaH prabhAva jaladhirbhUyAtsatAM siddhaye / vastupAlacarita 4505--506

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264 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha ne vastupAla - tejapAla kI isa yAtrA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, jo Azcaryajanaka hai / stambhanaka ko gujarAta rAjya ke kher3A jilAntargata AnaMda tAllukA meM sthita "thAmaNA" nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / Aja yahA~ koI jinAlaya vidyamAna nahIM hai / " 23. stambhatIrtha kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa" ke antargata stambhatIrtha kA bhI ullekha hai aura yahAM neminAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / stambhatIrtha ( vartamAna kaimbe ) pazcimI bhAratavarSa kI eka pramukha nagarI aura pattana ke rUpa meM pUrva madhyakAla se hI prasiddha rahI hai / isake kaI nAma milate haiM, yathA khambhAyata, khayyAta, trambavatI, tAmralipti, mahInagara, bhogAvatI, pApavatI aadi| inameM khaMbhAta aura stambhatIrtha nAma jyAdA pracalita haiM / stambhatIrtha kA sarvaprathama ullekha rASTrakUTa nareza govinda 'tRtIya' ( I0 san 793 - 814 ) ke 'kAvIdAnazAsana' meM prApta hotA hai / gujarAta kA dakSiNI bhAga jisake antargata bhar3auca pattana sthita thA, rASTrakUToM ke adhikAra meM thA / stambhatIrthaM (khambhAta) para inake pratidvandI pratihAroM kA adhikAra thaa| rASTrakUToM kI pratidvanditA meM hI pratihAroM ne stambhatIrtha kA vikAsa kiyA / solaGkIyuga meM yaha bhAratavarSa ke sarvapramukha patana ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gayA / " vyApArika dRSTi ke sAtha-sAtha dhArmika dRSTi se bhI isa nagarI kA bar3A mahattva rahA / isa yuga ( solaGkI yuga ) meM yaha nagarI zaiva, vaiSNava aura jaina dharmoM ke pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahI 14 1. parIkha aura zAstrI - pUrvokta, bhAga 1, pR0 387 2. vahI, pR0 388 | 3. allekara, e0esa0 - " e hisTrI oNpha impArTenTa ainzenTa TAunsa eNDa siTIja ina gujarAta eNDa kAThiyAvAr3a" "iMDiyana ainTIkverI ", ( I0 san 1925 ) seplImenTa, pR0 47 / 4. parIkha aura zAstrI - pUrvokta, pR0 390 5. vahI

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 265 kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ne apane guru devacandrAcArya se se isI nagarI meM vi0saM0 1154 ke lagabhaga dIkSA prApta kI thii| isa samaya yahAM jetalA nAmaka eka zreSThI rahatA thA, usane yahAM eka jinAlaya banavAyA / jayasiMha siddharAja aura kumArapAla kA mantrI udayana isI nagarI meM rahatA thA, usane yahA~ udayanavasahI nAmaka eka jinAlaya tathA Aliga nAma ke eka anya mantrI ne yahAM AdinAtha kA maMdira bnvaayaa| vi0 saM0 1165/I0 san 1108 meM moDhavazIya jelAzreSThI kI patnI bahir3AbAI ne yahA~ pArzvanAtha kA eka jinAlaya nirmita karAyA, yaha bAta ukta jinAlaya meM utkIrNa vi0 saM0 1392 ke eka lekha se jJAta hotI hai| pUrNimAgacchIya muniratnasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1252 / I0 san 1195 ke lagabhaga racita munisuvratasvAmicarita" kI prazasti meM yahAM ke eka zreSThI nAgila kA ullekha hai / vi0 saM0 1276/I0 san 1220 taka vastupAla dhavalakka meM vIradhavala 1. alaMdhyatvAd gurorvAcAmAcArasthitayA tayA / dunayApi sutaH snehAdAlta svapnasaMsmRte // 31 // tamAdAya stambhatIrthe jagmuH zrIpArzvamandire / mAghe sitacaturdazyAM brAhna viSNaye zanedine / / 32 // 'dhiSNye tathASTame dharmasthite candra vRSopage / lagne bRhaspatau zatrasthitayoH sUryabhaumayoH / / 34 / / "hemacandrasUricaritam' prabhAvakacarita, pR0 184 arthAt vi0 saM0 1150 mAgha zukla caturdazI zanivAra ko dIkSA saMskAra huA, parantu jyotiSIya gaNanAnusAra mAgha zukla caturdazI zanivAra vi0 saM0 1154 meM par3atA hai; ata: prabhAvakacarita meM ullikhita ukta saMvat azuddha pratIta hotA hai / draSTavya __ musalagAMvakara, vi0 bhA0-AcAryahemacandra, pR0 17 2. zAha, ambAlAla pI0-pUrvokta, pR0 17 3. vahI, pR0 17 4. muni jinavijaya-saMpA.-prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, le vAGka 449 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 312 6. zAha, pUrvokta, pR0 117

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266 pazcima bhArata ke jaina tIrtha ke daNDanAyaka ke rUpa meM niyukta ho cuke the / ' vastupAla - tejapAla ne stambhatIrtha kA bahamukhI vikAsa kiyaa| stambhatIrtha kA zAsanataMtra sudhArane ke pazcAt vi0 saM0 1279 I0 san 1223 meM vastupAla ne apane putra jaitrasiMha ko stambhatIrtha kA rAjyapAla niyukta kiyA / jaitrasiMha ke Agraha para nAgendragacchIya AcArya vijayasiMhasUri ne hammIramadamardana' nAmaka nATaka tathA bAlacandrasUri ne vi0 saM 1296 meM vasantavilAsamahAkAvya kI racanA kii| ____ isa yuga meM yahA~ tAr3apatroM para aneka pustakoM kI prazastiyA~ likhI gyiiN|5 vi0 saM0 1527/I0 san 1471 meM yahAM zreSThI ghoghA ne eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa kraayaa| ukta jinAlaya Aja vidyamAna nahIM hai| paravartI kAla ke aneka jaina granthakAroM ne apanI-apanI racanAoM meM yahAM ke jinAlayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhAratavarSa ke jina 4 sthAnoM para vizAla jaina grantha bhaMDAra vidyamAna haiM, unameM stambhatIrtha ( khaMbhAta ) bhI eka hai / yahAM ke pramukha jJAnabhaMDAra haiM: 1- nItivijayajJAnabhaMDAra, 2- zrIzAMtinAthajJAnabhaMDAra, 3- sAgaragaccha ke upAzraya kA jJAnabhaMDAra, 4- vijayanemisUri kA jJAnabhaMDAra tathA 5- jirAlApAr3A meM sthita jnyaanbhNddaar| isake alAvA yahAM kaI upAzrayoM meM bhI choTe-choTe jJAnabhaMDAra haiN| 1. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla-mahAmAtyavastupAla kA sAhityamaMDala, pR0 39. 2. vahI, pR0 41 3. muni puNyavijaya--saMpA0-kaiTalAga oNpha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskRpTsa-jaisalamerakalekzana, pR0 154 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 344 5. draSTavya, muni jinavijaya dvArA sampAdita--jainapustakaprazastisaMgraha 6. somapurA, ke 0epha0--pUrvokta, pR0 216 7. amIna, je0pI0-khaMbhAtanujainamUrtividhAna, pR0 4 8. tIna anya pramukha jaina grantha bhaNDAra pATana, jaisalamera aura pUnA (mahArASTra ) meM haiM 9. amIna, pUrvokta, pR0 4

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dakSiNa bhArata .nAsika sopArA sirapara pratiSThAna bambaI mahArASTra DAkinIbhImazaMkara godAvarI nadI bhImAnadI vAraMgala / .AmarakuNDara * kullapAka godA nadI pona kaSNA nadI / zrIzaila Andhapradeza kRSNA nadI dhAravADa lakSmezvara .karnala' belArI kiSkindhA karnATaka hAsana zravaNabelagolA kerala malaya parvata

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jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, isa adhyAya meM dakSiNa bhArata ( mahArASTra, Andhrapradeza, karNATaka aura kerala ) ke tIrthoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai / ina prAntoM ke tIrthoM kA alaga-alaga varNakramAnusAra vivaraNa prastuta hai a - mahArASTra (1) kolhApura (2) DAkinI bhImazaMkara (3) nAsikya ( nAsika) (4) pratiSThAna (5) zrIpura (6) sUrpAraka adhyAya 9 dakSiNabhArata A-Andhrapradeza (1) AmarakuNDapadmAdevI kalpa (2) kulpAkamANikyadevakalpa (3) zrIparvata i-karNATaka (1) kiSkindhA (2) gommezvarabAhubali (3) zaMkhajinAlaya I- kerala (1) malayaparvata a- mahArASTra 1. kolhApura jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrtha nAma saMgrahakalpa ke antargata kolhApura kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ AdinAtha ke mandira hone kI bAta kahI hai / isake atirikta 'pratiSThAnapurAdhipati sAtavAhananRpacaritra' meM bhI isa nagarI kA ullekha hai aura yahA~ sthita -- mahAlakSmI ke mandira kI carcA hai / kolhApura mahArASTra prAnta kI eka pramukha nagarI hai / jaina kendra ke rUpa meM yaha nagarI kaba pratiSThita huI ! yaha kahanA kaThina hai, parantu

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268 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 12vIM zatI ke madhya taka yaha jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho cukI thI, isakA zreya pustakagaccha, dezIgaNa aura mUlasaMgha ke AcArya kulacandradeva ke ziSya muni mAghanandI ko hai| yaha bAta I0 san 1163 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotI hai| ukta abhilekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ kA rUpanArAyaNavasati pustakagaccha, dezIyagaNa aura mUlasaMgha se sambandhita thaa| I0 san 1200 ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mAghanandI yahA~ sthita zAvantavasati se sambandhita the ora yaha vasati bhI ukta gaccha, gaNa aura saMgha se hI sambandhita thii| isI abhilekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki zubhacandra siddhAntadeva ke ziSya sAgaranandI siddhAntadeva bhI isI sAvantavasati se sambandhita the|4 12vIM zatI ke madhya se lekara 15vIM zatI ke madhya taka kolhApura eka mahattvapUrNa jaina kendra rahA, isakI gaNanA mUDabidrI, pAvagUDa, melakaTa Adi prasiddha jaina tIrtha kendroM ke sAtha hotI rhii| I0 san 1440 meM yahA~ ke AcArya jinasena bhaTTArakapaTTAcArya apane ziSyoM aura aneka jaina zrAvakoM ke sAtha zravaNabelagolA cale gaye aura usI samaya se isa tIrtha kA mahattva kama hone lgaa|6 yahA~ se I0 san 1117 aura I0 san 1135 ke do abhilekha bhI prApta hae haiM jo zilAhAravaMzIya rAjA gaNDarAditya aura usake sAmanta dvArA yahA~ ke rUpanArAyaNavasati ko diye gaye dAnAdi kI carcA karate haiN| jahA~ taka jinaprabhasUri ke ukta ullekha kA prazna hai, yaha ullekhanIya hai ki yahA~ AdinAtha ke mandira hone ke sambandha meM hamAre pAsa abhI taka koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiM, para unake samaya meM yaha sthAna prasiddha jaina kendroM meM eka rahA, 1. sAleTora, bI.e.-miDuvala jainijma, pR0 206 / 2. vahI, pR0 149 / 3. vahI, pR0 206 / 4. vahI, pR0 206 / 5. vahI, pR0 339 / 6. vahI, pR0 353 / 7. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-saMpA0 jenazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekhAGka 192, 221 /

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269 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana yaha to spaSTa hai| unhoMne yahA~ sthita mahAlakSmI ke mandira kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| ___Aja yahA~ 3 jinAlaya hai; jo vartamAna yuga meM nirmita haiM; parantu unameM rakhI kucha jinapratimAe~ madhyayugIna haiM / 2 2. DAkinIbhImazaMkara jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrzanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata 'DAkinIbhImazaMkara' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ pArzvanAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI hai| ____ DAkinIbhImazaMkara, jisakI gaNanA 12 jyotiliGgoM meM kI jAtI hai, pUnA ke uttara-pazcima meM sahyAdriparvata ( pazcimI ghATa ) para sthita hai| jaina sAhitya meM anyatra isa sthAna kA koI bhI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA, parantu cUMki yaha sthAna atyanta prasiddha zaiva tIrthoM meM se eka hai aura prAyaH aisA dekhane meM AtA hai ki kisI eka dharma kA tIrthasthAna dusare dharmavAloM ke liye bhI tIrtharUpa meM mAnya ho jAtA hai / isake paryApta udAharaNa milate haiM, jaise vArANasI zaiva aura vaiSNava dharma ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma kA bhI eka prasiddha tIrtha hai| zrIzailaparvata ( jisakI gaNanA 12 jyotiliGgoM meM kI jAtI hai) ko hama 14vIM-16vIM zatI meM zaiva tIrtha ke sAtha-sAtha jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM bhI pratiSThita pAte haiN| zrIzaila ko jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita karane vAle ekamAtra jaina granthakAra jinaprabhasUri' haiN| unake isa kathana kA samarthana yahIM se prApta aura zaivoM dvArA utkIrNa karAye gaye eka zilAlekha se hotA hai| ataH jinaprabha kI ukta mAnyatA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi yahA~ se bhI zrIzaila parvata ke samAna koI jaina purAvazeSa prApta ho jAtA hai to jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM isa sthAna kI mAnyatA svataH siddha ho jaayegii| 1. kANe, pI0vI0-dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR0 1425 / 2. jaina, balabhadra-bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga 4, pR0 233-35 / 3. De, nandolAla- jyogrAphikala DiksanarI oNpha aindazeMTa eNDa miDuvala iMDiyA, pR0 51 / 4. sAleTora, bI e.-miDuvala jainijma, pR0 319, desAI, pI0bI0-jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA, pR0 23 /

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-270 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha 3. nAsikyapurakalpa nAsika bhAratavarSa kI eka pramukha nagarI ke rUpa meM prAcIna kAla se hI pratiSThita rahI hai| yaha brAhmaNIya dharmAvalamviyoM kA eka prasiddha tIrthasthAna hai| madhyayuga meM yaha sthAna jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM bhI prasiddha rhaa| jinaprabhasUri ne isa nagarI kI utpatti ke sambandha meM brAhmaNIya tathA anya paramparAoM meM pracalita paurANika kathAoM tathA eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM isakA yathAzruta ullekha kiyA hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM "kRtayuga meM viSNu ne isa nagarI ko basAyA aura vahA~ candraprabhasvAmI kA jinAlaya bnvaayaa| isa yuga meM isa nagarI kA nAma "padmapura' prasiddha huaa| tretAyuga meM rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA ne apanA vanavAsa-kAla yahIM vyatIta kiyaa| rAma se praNaya-yAcanA karane ke kAraNa lakSmaNa ne rAvaNa kI bahana sUrpanakhA kI nAsikAchedana kara dI, isIliye isa nagarI kA nAma "nAsikyapura" pdd'aa| bAda meM laMkA-vijaya ke pazcAt lauTate samaya rAma ne yahA~ sthita candraprabhasvAmI ke jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| mithilAnareza janaka ne yahA~ 10 yajJa kiye, isaliye isakA eka nAma "janakasthAna"bhI pracalita huaa| isIprakAra eka anya ghaTanA vizeSa se isakA eka nAma "jagathANa" bhI par3a gyaa| dvAparayuga meM kuntI ne yahA~ ke candraprabha jinAlaya ko jIrNa dekhakara use puna'nirmita karAyA, jisake kAraNa isa nagarI kA nAma "kuntIvihAra" pdd'aa| dvArikAdAha ke pazcAt yAdavavaMza ke bace hue loga yahA~ Aye aura unhoMne candraprabha ke jinAlaya kA punarnirmANa kraayaa| isaprakAra tInoM yugoM meM isa tIrtha kA aneka bAra jIrNoddhAra huaa| vartamAna kalikAla meM zAntisUri ne isa tIrtha kA uddhAra kraayaa| kalyANakaTaka ke rAjA paramardI ne isa jinAlaya ko byaya hetu 24 grAma pradAna kiye / bahuta kAla bItane para trayambaka devAdhiSThita mahAdurga brahmagiri sthita mahallaya kSatriya ne, jisakA nAma vAio thA; jinaprAsAda ko girA diyaa| tatpazcAt pallIvAlavaMzIya kisI Izvara nAmaka vyakti ke putra kumArasiMha ne use punarnirmita kraayaa| cAroM dizAoM se yahA~ saMghAdi Ate haiM aura pUjA arcanA karate hai|"

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana adhyayana 271 jaisA ki granthakAra kA spaSTa kathana hai ki unhoMne isa tIrtha ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diye haiM ve brAhmaNIya tathA jaina donoM paramparAoM para AdhArita haiN| prathama tIna yugoM kRtayuga, tretA aura dvApara meM isa tIrtha kI sthiti kA vivaraNa brAhmaNIya paramparA para AdhArita pratIta hotA hai aura isameM granthakAra ne yathAsthAna apane anukUla parivartana bhI kiyA hai| kalikAla meM isa tIrtha kA jIrNoddhAra zAntisUri ne karAyA, ve aisA ullekha karate haiM; parantu ye zAntisUri kisa gaccha ke the? unakA samaya kyA thA? ina bAtoM kA granthakAra ne koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| jahA~ taka kalyANakaTaka ( kalyANI ) ke rAjA paramardI dvArA 24 grAma devAlaya ko pradAna karane kA prazna hai, yaha bAta asaMbhava to nahIM lagatI; ho sakatA hai ki kalyANI ke caulakyavaMzIya kisI rAjA yA usake kisI uccAdhikArI athavA sAmanta ne yaha dAna diyA ho| trayambaka devAdhiSThita mahAdurga brahmagiri ke mahallaya kSatriyajAtIya vAiyo nAmaka eka DAka ne jisa prAsAda ko girA diyA aisA--jinaprabha kA kathana hai| trayambaka (trayambakezvara ) aura brahmagiri nAsika meM hI sthita haiN| brahmagiri nAmaka parvata se godAvarI nadI nikalatI hai aura vahIM trayambakezvara tIrtha hai / ye brAhmaNIya paramparA meM prasiddha tIrtha mAne jAte haiM / jahA~ taka DAkU dvArA jinaprasAda girAne kI ghaTanA kA prazna hai,sambhava hai ki jainoM ke prati vidveSa ke kAraNa yaha ghaTanA ghaTita huI ho| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki eka prasiddha brAhmaNIya tIrthasthAna para jainoM ke bar3hate hue prabhAva ko rokane ke liye brAhmaNoM kI ora se unake jinAlaya ko kSatigrasta karAyA gayA hogaa| parantu jainoM kI sthiti bhI yahA~ dRr3ha pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki Age svayaM jinaprabha yaha ullekha karate haiM ki pallIvAlavaMzIya Izvara nAmaka eka zrAvaka ke putra kumArasiMha ne usa 1. nAsika meM sthita tIrtha, jahAM se godAvarI nikalatI hai| nAdarIyapurANa 2 / 73 / 1-152; skandapurANa 4 / 6 / 22 / 2. eka parvata jahAM se godAvarI nikalatI hai| brhmpuraann-74|25-26,84| 2 / 3. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, ( hindI anuvAda ), khaMDa 3, pR0 1441 tathA 1461 /

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272 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha jinAlaya ko punarnirmita karA diyaa| yaha kArya 13 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva hI sampanna huA hogA ! ___ aise saMketa haiM ki 13vIM zatI meM mahAmAtya vastupAla-tejapAla' aura 14vIM zatI meM jhAMjhaNa ke putra pethar3azAha ne yahA~ jinAlayoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| jinaprabhasUri ne vastupAla aura tejapAla tathA pethar3azAha dvArA tIrthoM para jina bhavanoM ke nirmANa tathA jIrNoddhAra kA apane graMtha meM ullekha kiyA hai, parantu unake dvArA nAsika meM karAye gaye jinAlayoM ke nirmANa kA unhoMne koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, jo Azcaryajanaka hai| 4. pratiSThAnapattanakalpa prAcIna bhAratavarSa kI eka prasiddha nagarI aura sAtavAhanoM kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM pratiSThAna kA atyadhika mahattva rahA hai| brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI kA sundara vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa nagarI se sambandhita 3 kalpa likhe haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM 1. pratiSThAnapattanakalpa 2. pratiSThAnapurakalpa 3. pratiSThAnapurAdhipatisAtavAhananRpacaritra pratiSThApattanakalpa ke antargata isa nagarI se sambandhita mAnyatAoM kI carcA hai| pratiSThAnapurakalpa ke antargata sAtavAhanavaMza kI utpatti kI aura isI prakAra tIsare kalpa meM, jaisA ki usake nAma se hI spaSTa hai, sAtavAhananareza kA caritra varNita kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka 1. DhAkI, madhusUdana tathA zAstrI, harizaMkara prabhAzaMkara-"vastupAla tejapAlanI kIrtinAtmaka pravRttio" svAdhyAya aMka 4, khaMDa 3, pR0 305-20 / 2. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcanda-jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 405 / 3. draSTavya-kalpapradIpa ke antargata 'zatrujayakalpa', 'kanyAnayanamahAvIra kalpaparizeSa, 'vastupAla-tejapAla maMtrikalpa' Adi / ___

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 273 sAtavAhanoM kI utpatti sambandhI jinaprabhasUri kA jo vivaraNa hai, Adhunika vidvAnoM ne use pUrNataH anaitihAsika batalAyA hai|' isI prakAra sAtavAhananapacaritra meM aneka asambhava bAtoM kA bhI ullekha AyA hai jise svayaM jinaprabhasUri ne bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| aisI paristhiti meM ina do kalpoM kI carcA yahIM chor3ate hue, kevala pratiSThAnapattanakalpa kA hI adhyayana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| isakI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM mahArASTra janapada ke antargata godAvarI nadI ke taTa para pratiSThAna nagarI basI huI hai| yahA~ 68 laukika tIrtha haiN| yaha 52 vIroM kA bhI sthAna hai, jisase yaha 'vIra kSetra ke rUpa meM bhI prasiddha hai| yahA~ se 60 yojana calakara munisuvratasvAmI jitazatru rAjA ke azva ko pratibodhita karane bhRgukaccha gaye / yahA~ sAtavAhana Adi nareza hue| sAtavAhana nareza ke Agraha para kAlakAcArya ne indramaha ke avasara para pa!SaNA kI paMcamI kI tithi ko caturthI meM badala diyaa| vIranirvANa samvat 993 meM yaha ghaTanA huI / yahIM ke rAjA ke anurodha para kapila, Atreya, bRhaspati aura pAMcAla ne apane banAye hue cAlIsa zloka parimANa vAle granthoM ko eka zloka meM padyabaddha kara diyaa| yahA~ munisuvrata kA eka bhavya jinAlaya hai, jisameM mUlanAyaka ke sAtha-sAtha ambikA devI, kSetrapAla aura kapardIyakSa kI bhI pratimAyeM sthApita haiN|" __ pratiSThAna nagarI ko mahArASTra prAnta ke auraMgAbAda jilAntargata godAvarI ke taTa para sthita paiThana nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / granthakAra ne yahA~ ke jina 68 laukika tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve jaina dharma ke pratidvandI brAhmaNIya aura bauddha dharma se sambandhita rahe 1. pANDeya, candrabhAna-Andhra-sAtavAhana sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, pR0 6 aura Age; vedAlaMkAra, haridatta-prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa, pR0 226 aura Age 2. De, nandolAla - jyogrAphikala DikzanarI oNpha ainzeNTa eNDa miDuvala iMDiyA, pR0 159 /

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274 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha hoMge / jahA~ taka isa nagarI ke vIrakSetra hone kA prazna hai, yakSa, brahma aura vIra eka hI mAne jAte haiN|' kAzmIra se kanyAkumArI aura saurASTra se baMgAla taka sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM yakSapajA kA Aja bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM pracalana hai / 2 lokadharma ke prabhAva se hI brAhmaNIya, bauddha aura jaina paramparA meM bhI yakSa pUjA kA pracalana huA / ina vIroM (yakSoM) kI saMkhyA 52 mAnI jAtI hai| yakSoM kA nivAsa sthAna brahmapurI mAnA jAtA hai| cUMki pratiSThAna nagarI kA eka nAma brahmapurI bhI hai, jo yahA~ pracalita yakSa-pUjA kA eka spaSTa pramANa hai / yahI bAta jinaprabha ne bhI kahI hai / jahA~ taka munisuvrata ke bhRgukaccha jAne kA prazna hai, isa sambandha meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki Adhunika vidvAnoM ne pArzvanAtha se pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM ko prAgaitihAsika mAnA hai, isaliye unake sambandha meM pracalita mAnyatAoM kI aitihAsikatA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| parantu cUMki zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM ukta mAnyatA kA bar3A mahattva hai aura jinaprabhasUri svayaM eka zraddhAlu jaina AcArya the, ataH unake dvArA ukta mAnyatA kA ullekha honA svAbhAvika hI hai| ___ jaina granthoM meM kAlakAcArya ke sambandha meM 7 ghaTanAoM kI carcA milatI hai 1-datta rAjA ke sAmane yajJaphala aura datta mRtyu-viSayaka bhaviSyakathana ( nimitta kthn)| 2-zakra-saMstuta nigoda vyAkhyAtA Arya kAlaka / 3- AjIvikoM se nimitta paThana aura tadanantara sAtavAhana rAjA ke 3 praznoM kA nimitta jJAna se uttara denaa| 1. bAla, vAsudevazaraNa -prAcIna bhAratIya lokadharma, pR0 123 / 2. vahI, pR0 118 / 3. vahI, pR0 118-19 / 4. vahI, pR0 123 / 5. vahI 6. De, nandolAla-pUrvokta, pR0 159 / 7. krAujhe, zArloTe-saMpA0 ainzeNTa jaina hImsa, pR0 5-6 / 8. zAha, yU0pI0-suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya, pR0 28 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 4-anuyogagrantha nirmANa / 5-gardabha rAjA kA ullekha / 6-pratiSThAnapura jA kara vahA~ sAtavAhana kI vinantI se paryuSaNA parva kI tithi jo paMcamI thI, usake bajAya caturthI krnaa| 7--avinItaziSyaparihAra aura suvarNabhUmigamana / muni kalyANavijaya ne do kAlakAcArya hone kI bAta kahI hai aura batAyA hai ki prathama do ghaTanAyeM prathama kAlaka se sambandhita haiM aura 3-7 taka kI ghaTanAyeM dvitIya kAlaka se|' parantu yU0pI0 zAha ne muni jI ke ukta mata kA khaMDana kiyA hai aura yaha siddha kiyA hai ki eka se jyAdA kAlakAcArya kI upasthiti kI samasyA bAda ke granthakAroM ke kAraNa aura kAlagaNanAoM meM hone vAlI gar3abar3a ke kAraNa khar3I huI hai aura vAstava meM eka hI kAlakAcArya hue, aisA unakA spaSTa mata hai| aba prazna uThatA hai ki kAlakAcArya kisa sAtavAhana rAjA ke samakAlIna the? bahatkalpabhASya aura AvazyakacUrNI ke anusAra nahapAna ( zaka nareza) aura sAtavAhanoM meM saMgharSa huA thA aura gautamIputra sAtakarNI ne nahapAna ke sikkoM para apanI muhara lagAyI, ataH nahapAna ko jItane vAlA sAtavAhanarAjA kAlaka ke samakAlInasAtavAhana nareza ke bAda kA hai| zAha kA mata hai ki kAlaka kA samakAlIna sAtavAhana rAjA IsvI pUrva prathama zatI ke antima caraNa yA IsvI san ke prathama caraNa meM huA hogaa| parantu jinaprabhasUri ke anusAra yaha ghaTanA vIranirvANasamvat 993/vi0 saM0 466 meM ghaTita huii| isa sambandha meM muni zrIkalyANa vijaya kA mata hai ki bArahavIM sadI meM caturthI kI phira paMcamI karane kI prathA huI, taba caturthI paryuSaNA ko arvAcIna ThaharAne ke khyAla se kisI ne yaha gAthA racI;5 jise paravartI granthakAroM ne, jinameM jinaprabhasUri bhI haiM, svIkAra kara liyaa| 1. muni kalyANavijaya, "AryakAlaka" dvivedI abhinandana grantha, ( nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI saM0 1990 ) pR0 115 / 2. zAha-pUrvokta, pR0 31 / 3. vahI, pR0 50 / 4. vahI, pR0 50 / 5. muni kalyANavijaya-vIranirvANa samvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR0 46-48, paadttippnnii|

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276 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha jinaprabhasUri dvArA ullikhita kapila, bRhaspati, Atreya aura pAMcAla kI carcA to zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya meM prApta hotI hai, parantu una logoM dvArA milakara apane-apane siddhAntoM ko eka zloka meM samAviSTa karane kI granthakAra ne jo bAta kahI hai usakA AdhAra kyA hai ? yaha kahanA kaThina hai / unhoMne isa nagarI meM sthita munisuvrata ke caityAlaya aura usameM rakhI pratimAoM kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha satya pratIta hotA hai| 5. zrIpuraantarikSapArzvanAthakalpa mahArASTra rAjya ke akolA jilAntargata sirapura (prAcIna zrIpura) nAmaka eka grAma hai, jahA~ pArzvanAtha svAmI kA eka prAcIna jinAlaya hai, jo Aja antarikSa pArzvanAtha pavalI jinAlaya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa meM isa tIrtha ke bAre meM yathAzruta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai___ "pUrva kAla meM prativAsudeva rAvaNa ke dUta mAli aura sUmAli ekabAra kAryavaza AkAza-mArga se kahIM jA rahe the| jinapratimA ke darzanoparAnta hI ve bhojana grahaNa karate the, parantu ve use ghara para hI bhUla gaye the, ataH bhAvI tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kI bAlukAmaya pratimA unhoMne nirmita kara usakI pUjA kI aura tatpazcAt tAlAba meM use DAla diyA, jahA~ bahuta kAla taka vaha pratimA par3I rhii| samaya ke sAtha-sAtha vaha tAlAba eka choTe se gaDhDhe meM badala gayA aura usakA jala bhI bahuta alpa parimANa meM avaziSTa rhaa| ekabAra ciugala deza ke ciugala nagara kA rAjA zrIpAla, jisakA sarvAGga kuSTa roga se grasita thA, pyAsa se vyAkula hokara vahA~ AyA aura hAtha-muMha dhokara jala grahaNa kiyaa| isase usake roga kA prakopa kucha kama huA aura usane usI jala se snAna kiyA jisase use pUrNa ArogyatA prApta huii| rAjA ko svapna meM zAsanadevatA ne sarovara meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA hone kI jAnakArI dI aura use jala se nikAla kara apane nagara meM sthApita karane kA Adeza diyaa| svapnAdeza se rAjA ne vahA~ se pratimA nikalavAyI aura 1. vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya- "mehatA aura candrA''-prAkRta prApara nemsa, bhAga 1-2 /

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana use gAr3I meM rakhakara calA / kucha dUra calane ke pazcAt usane pIche mur3a kara dekhA to pratimA vahIM staMbhita ho gayI, rAjA ne vahIM jinAlaya banavAyA aura use sthApita karA diyA / vaha pratimA vahIM adhara meM sthira rhii| pahale pratimA aura bhUmi ke bIca itanA antara rahA ki eka strI jala ke ghar3e ko sira para rakhe hue usake nIce se nikala tI thI, parantu aba kevala vastra hI nikala pAtA hai / yahA~ yAtrIgaNa mahotsava karate haiM / jina pratimA ke nhavaNa karAye gaye jala se siMcita AratI nahIM bujhatI aura usase zarIra ke vibhinna carmarogAdi naSTa hote haiM / " somaprabhasUri dvArA racita upadezasaptazatI' ( racanAkAla vi0saM0 1503) meM bhI kalpapradIpa ke samAna hI vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / tapAgacchIya AcArya lAvaNyasamaya dvArA vi0saM0 1585 meM racita antarikSapArzvanAthachaMda meM bhI isI prakAra kA vivaraNa hai, parantu kathA meM rAvaNa ke sthAna para kumbhakarNa kA nAma diyA hai / bhAvavijayagaNi ne vi0 saM0 1715 meM racita antarikSamAhAtmya nAmaka racanA meM bhI isI prakAra kA vivaraNa diyA hai aura kahA hai ukta maMdira meM mUrti kI pratiSThA vi. saM 1142 mAgha zukla paMcamI ravivAra ko maladhAragacchIya AcArya abhayadevasUri dvArA sampanna huI / kintu zIlavijaya ne apanI tIrthamAlA' ( racanAkAla vi0saM0 1746 ) meM ise eka digambara tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai / digambara sampradAya meM isa tIrtha ke bAre meM zvetAmbaroM se prAcIna aura vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / isa sambandha meM sabase pahale jisa racanA kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai vaha hai madanakIrti dvArA racita 277 1. upadezasaptazati 2 / 10 / 21 - 24 / 2. desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMda - jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 525 / 3. vahI, pR0 229 / 4. sUrivijayadharma- saMpA0 prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, pR0 101-131

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278 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha zAsanacatustrizikA' ( racanAkAla-I0 san kI terahavIM zatI ) / isake pazcAt udayakIrti-( 13vIM zatI ) dvArA racita tIrthavandana meM bhI isa tIrtha kA vivaraNa hai / 15vIM zatI meM digambarAcArya guNakIrti ne svacarita tIrthavandana meM bhI isa tIrtha kA varNana kiyA hai| isake alAvA 16vIM se 19vIM zatI ke aneka digambara AcAryoM (granthakAroM) ne isa tIrtha kI carcA kI hai| aba hamAre sAmane yaha prazna uThatA hai ki rAjA zrIpAla kauna thA ? tathA vaha jaina dharma ke kisa AmnAya se sambandhita rahA ? jahA~ taka rAjA zrIpAla kA sambandha hai, kucha vidvAnoM ne use rASTrakUTa nareza indra 'caturtha' (10vIM zatI kA antimacaraNa) kA sAmanta mAnA hai| jilA baitUla ke kharelA nAmaka grAma se zaka-samvat 1079 evaM 1094/I0 san 1157 aura 1172 ke do lekha prApta hue haiM, jinameM zrIpAla kI vaMza paramparA meM nRsiMha, ballAla aura jaitrapAla nAma diye gaye haiN| kharelA grAma zrIpAla ke rAjya ke antargata hI sthita rahA hogaa| jahA~ taka isa tIrtha ke zvetAmbara yA digambara-sampradAya se saMbaMdhita hone kA prazna hai; usake sambandha meM hameM nimna ullekha milate haiM sarvaprathama 13vIM zatI meM madanakIrti isa tIrtha ko eka digambara tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita karate haiN| isake pazcAt bhAnukIrti (13vIM zatI I0) bhI ise digambara tIrtha hI batalAte haiM / 14vIM zatAbdI meM zvetAmbarAcArya jinaprabhasUri ise mAtra eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita 1. yatra yatra vihAyasi pravipule sthAtuM kSaNaM na kSamas / tatrAste guNaratnarohaNagiriryodevadevo mahAn // citraM nAtra karoti kasya manaso dRSTa: pure zrIpure / sa zrIpArzvajinezvaro vijayate digvAsasAM zAsanam // 3 // -zAsanacatustrizikA 2. joharApurakara-tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 179 / 3. vahI, pR0 179 / 4. vahI, 5. jaina, balabhadra--bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, khaMDa 4, pR0 294 // 6. . vahI, pR0 294 / 7. vahI

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 279 karate haiM / isIprakAra somaprabha ne bhI ise jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM hI ulli khita kiyA hai, zvetAmbara yA digambara tIrtha ke rUpa meM nahIM / vi0 saM0 1715 meM bhAvavijaya ise eka zvetAmbara tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullikhita karate haiM, parantu vi0saM0 1746 meM hI eka anya zvetAmbarAcArya zIlavijaya ise spaSTa rUpa se digambara tIrtha batalAte haiM / sabhI digambara granthakAroM ne ise digambara tIrtha mAnA hai / grAma ke bAhara sthita pavalI maMdira kI khudAI se eka stambha evaM kaI jaina pratimAyeM milI haiM / kucha jina pratimAoM para lekha bhI utkIrNa haiM, jinameM digambara AcAryoM ke nAma haiM / ' ina purAtAtvika pramANoM se yaha tIrtha digambara sampradAya se hI sambaddha lagatA hai / jahA~ taka bhAvavijaya ke ukta ullekha kA prazna hai, digambara loga use zvetAmbaroM kI apanI kRtrima upaja batalAte haiM / yaha satya hai ki bhAvavijaya ko chor3a kara kisI bhI anya zvetAmbarAcArya ne ise zvetAmbara tIrtha nahIM batalAyA hai / 6. sUrpAraka AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke "caturazItimahAtIrthanAma saMgrahakalpa" ke antargata isa nagarI kA ullekha karate hue yahA~ jIvanta - svAmI RSabhadeva ke jinAlaya hone kI carcA kI hai / rAjadhAnI aura prAcIna bhAratavarSa kI 2 sUrpAraka koMkaNa janapada kI eka prasiddha nagarI thI / mahAbhArata, brAhmaNIya paramparA ke purANoM tathA bauddha aura jaina sAhitya " meM isa nagarI kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / isa nagarI ke kaI nAma milate haiM, yathA-sopAraMga, sopAraka, sorapAraka, saurapAraka aura suppArika ityAdi / azoka ke 14 mukhya zilA 1. jaina, balabhadra - pUrvokta, pR0 298 / 2. kANe, pI0vI0 - dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, jilda 3, pR0 1491 // 3. vahI, pR0 1491 / - 4. lAhA, vimalAcaraNa - prAcInabhArata kA aitihAsika bhUgola, pR0 498 jaina, jagadIzacandra - bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 65 / 5. 6. lAhA, vimalAcaraNa - pUrvokta, pR0 498 /

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349 dakSiNa bhArata ke aMta tI lekhoM meM se eka zilAlekha yahIM se prApta huA hai / " zaka kSatrapa uSAdAta ke eka abhilekha meM isa nagarI kI carcA hai / eka pramukha vyApArika kendra aura bandaragAha hone ke kAraNa bhI isakA bar3A mahattva rahA / yahA~ bahuta se vyApArI nivAsa karate the aura vyApAra ke liye bhRgukaccha aura suvarNabhUmi taka jAte the / madhyakAlIna jaina sAhitya meM isa nagarI kA eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha prApta hotA hai / jaina paramparAnusAra AcArya nAgendrasUri, candrasUri, nivRttasUri aura vidyAdharasUri kA yahA~ janma huA thA, isIliye yaha nagarI jaina tIrthaM ke rUpa meM prasiddha huI / AcArya vajrasena, Arya samudra aura Arya maMgu ne yahA~ vihAra kiyA thA / 5 - siddhasenasUri dvArA racita sakalatIrthastotra ( 1067 I0 san ) meM koMkaNa deza kA jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai / cUMki isa deza ( koMkaNa ) kI rAjadhAnI sUrpAraka nagarI thI, ataH yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki apratyakSa rUpa se ukta ullekha isI nagarI ke liye prayukta huA hogA / purAtanapranbadhasaMgraha ' ( prati bI0, tithi vi0saM0 1500 lagabhaga ) aura prabandhakoza' (vi0saM0 1405 ) meM yahA~ jIvanta svAmI RSabhadeva ke jinAlaya hone kA ullekha hai / muniprabhasUri dvArA racita " aSTottarItIrthamAlA" ( 14vIM zatI vi0 saM0), vinayaprabhaupAdhyAya kRta tIrthayAtrAstavana' (14vIM zatI vi0saM0) aura meghAkRta tIrthamAlA ( 15vIM zatI vi0saM0) Adi meM bhI yahA~ sthita jIvantasvAmI RSabhadeva 1. mAthura, vijayendra kumAra - aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, pR0 906 - 907 / 2 . vahI, pR0 906 / O 3. jaina, jagadIzacandra - pUrvokta, pR0 65 // 4. tripuTI mahArAja - jainaparamparAno itihAsa, khaMDa 2, pR0 337 / 5. jaina, jagadIzacandra - pUrvokta, pR0 65 // 6. pattanasthaprAcya jainabhaNDAgArIya granthasUcI, pR0 155-56 / 7. "kumArapAladevatIrthayAtrAprabandha" purAtanaprabandha saMgraha, pR0 42 / 8. "hemasUriprabandha" prabandhakoza, pR0 48 9. jaina satyaprakAza, jilda 19, pR0 64-66 // 10. vahI, - jilda 17, pR0 15-22 //

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jaina topoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 281 kI carcA hai / jinaprabhasUri ne bhI isI tathya kA ullekha kiyA hai / isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki vikramIya 15 vIM zatI taka yaha nagarI eka jainI tIrtha ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahI / " Aja yahA~ koI bhI (prAcIna aura madhyakAlIna ) jaina purAvaze vidyamAna nahIM hai / yahA~ sthita jinAlaya bhI arvAcIna hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaba isa nagarI kA mahattva kama hone lagA, to yahA~ ke jaina zrAvaka dUsare sthAnoM para cale gaye aura yaha nagarI prAyaH uja sI gayI / sUrpAraka kI pahacAna vartamAna mahArASTra prAnta kI rAjadhAnI bambaIr3a se 37 mIla dUra uttara meM ThANA jilAntargata vartamAna sopArA se ka jAtI hai / A-Andhrapradeza (1) AmarakoNDapadmAvatIdevIkalpa (2) kullapAkamANikyadevakalpa ( 3 ) zrIparvata 1. AmarakoNDapadmAvatIdevIkalpa pUrva madhyayugIna dakSiNa bhAratIya rAjanIti meM kAkatIyoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / prArambha meM ye pUrvI cAlukyoM kA sAmanta the; parantu jaba unakI zakti kSINa hone lagI, taba inhoMne apanA svatantra rAjya sthApita kara liyA / jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke "AmarakoNDapadmA-Sa vatIdevIkalpa" ke antargata isa rAjavaMza kI utpatti, vaMza-paramparA Adi kA sundara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai"tailaMga deza meM AmarakoNDa nAmaka eka nagarI hai / yahA~ meghacandra nAmaka eka digambara jainAcArya rahate the / devI padmAvatI unheM pratyakSa thIM, jinakI kRpA se AcArya ke eka ziSya " mAdhava" ko rAjya lakSmI prApta huI, tatpazcAt mAdhavarAja ne AmarakoNDa meM devI kA maMdira banavAyA aura 12 grAma bheMTa meM diye / mAdhavarAja ke vaMza meM puraMTiri 1. jainayuga - jilda 2, pR0 152-158 / 2. tripuTI mahArAja, pUrvokta, pR0 337 / 3. jaina, jagadIzacandra pUrvokta, pR0 65 /

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282 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrthaM ttamarAja, piNDikuNDimarAja, prollarAja, rudradeva, gaNapatideva hue| gaNapatideva ke pazcAt usakI putrI rudrAmbA ne 35 varSa taka zAsana kiyA aura isake bAda pratAparudradeva ne rAjya kiyA / ye kAkatI grAma ke mUla nivAsI the, isIlie yaha vaMza kAkatIyavaMza ke nAma se prasiddha huA / " AmarakoNDa ko vartamAna Andhrapradeza ke vAraGgala jilAntargata sthita anamakoNDa se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ kadalAlaya devI kA maMdira hai, jo isa samaya brAhmaNoM ke adhikAra meM hai / isa maMdira se I0 san 1117 kA eka abhilekha prApta huA hai| jisameM prola 'dvitIya' ( I0 san 1150 ) ke maMtrI paMgaDe kI patnI melAmbA dvArA isa maMdira kA nirmANa karAne aura kucha bhUmi dAna meM dene evaM ugravADi ke " meLarasa" dvArA bhI bhUmidAna dene kA ullekha hai / isI lekha meM meLarasa ko mAdhavavarmA kA, jisake pAsa kaI lAkha hAthI-ghor3e the, pUrvaja batalAyA gayA hai / ukta abhilekha se jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita mAdhavarAja kI aitihAsikatA siddha hotI hai, parantu kAkatIyoM kI mukhya zAkhA kI jo vaMzAvalI hameM prApta hotI hai usameM isa rAjA kA nAma nahIM milatA aura dUsare kisI bhI anya sAkSya se kAkatIyoM ko kisI jaina AcArya ke prabhAva se sattA meM Ane kI koI sUcanA nahIM milatI / ataH aisI paristhiti meM yahI mAnanA cAhie ki mAdhavarAja kAkatIyoM kI mukhya zAkhA kA na hokara kisI upazAkhA se sambandhita thA aura jaina AcAryoM ke prabhAva se hI use rAjasattA prApta huI / jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita puraMTirittamarAja aura piNDikuNDimarAja bhI kAkatIyoM kI upazAkhA se hI saMbaddha rhe| isI upazAkhA ke maiLarasa ko hama prola e ke mahAmaNDa - lezvara ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM jo apane pUrvajoM ko bar3e Adara ke sAtha ullikhita karatA hai / isa AdhAra para yaha spaSTa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki kAkatIyoM kI yaha upazAkhA eka digambara jaina AcArya ke sahayoga se hI rAjasattA prApta kara sakI thii| jinaprabha dvArA ullikhita prola se pratAparudra taka ke rAjA kAkatIyoM kI mukhya zAkhA ke hI haiM / isI prakAra unhoMne rudrAmbA ke 35 varSIya zAsana kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha bhI itihAsasiddha hai / 2 * 1. epigrAphiyA iMDikA, jilda 9, pR0 256 / 2. majumadAra aura pusAlakara - da sTragila phAra empAyara, pR0 863.

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maina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 283 mAdhavarAja dvArA nirmita padmAvatI kA maMdira, jisakA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai, Aja vidyamAna nahIM hai| parantu usake vaMzaja meLarasa ke samaya "anamakoNDa' kI pahAr3I para hI nirmita kadalAlaya ( padmAvatI ) devI kA mandira Aja avazya vidyamAna hai, jo mAdhavarAja ( mAdhavavarmA ) ke gaurava kA Aja bhI smaraNa dilA rahA hai / __kAkatIya nareza vaiSNava dharmAvalambI the, ataH isI dharma ko unhoMne prazraya diyaa| yadyapi jaina dharma kA bhI yahA~ astitva thA, jaisA ki ukta lekha se spaSTa hotA hai / parantu vaiSNava aura zaivadharmoM se apekSAkRta usakI sthiti durbala thI / gaNapatideva (I0 san 1199-1262) ke zAsanakAla meM to Tikkana somaiyya, jo telagU mahAbhArata kA racayitA mAnA jAtA hai, ne jainoM ko eka zAstrArtha meM burI taraha parAsta kara diyA gayA thaa| isa ghaTanA se jainoM kI pratiSThA ko bar3A dhakkA lgaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki Andhrapradeza ke anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti 12-13 vIM zatI meM anamakoNDa meM bhI jaina dharma apane pratidvandiyoM ke virodha ke kAraNa viSama sthiti se gujara rahA thaa| 2. kulpAkamANikyadevakalpa kulpAka jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai, jo vartamAna Andhrapradeza kI rAjadhAnI haidarAbAda se 45 mIla uttara-pUrva meM sthita hai| jinaprabha sUri ne kalpapradIpa ke antargata isa tIrtha para eka svatantra kalpa likhA hai, jisameM unhoMne isakI utpatti evaM mANikyasvAmI kI pratimA kA paurANika itihAsa diyA hai| unake vivaraNa kI pramukha bAteM isa prakAra haiM "pUrva kAla meM bharata cakravartI ne aSTApada parvata para jina RSabhadeva kI mANikya kI eka pratimA nirmita karAyI, jo mANikyadeva ke nAma se prasiddha huii| isa pratimA ko sarvaprathama vidyAdharoM, phira indra aura usake pazcAta rAvaNa ne apane-apane yahA~ lAkara usakI 1. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara- saMpA0 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 4, pR0. 145 / 2. sAleTora, bI0e0-miDuvala jainijma, pR0 272 /

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284 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha pUjA kii| laMkAdahana ke samaya vaha pratimA samudra meM DAla dI gii| bahuta kAla bItane para kannar3a dezAntargata kalyANa nagarI ke rAjA zaMkara ne padmAvatI ke sahayoga se ukta pratimA prApta kI aura use tailaMga deza ke kulpAka nAmaka nagarI meM eka navanirmita jinAlaya meM sthApita kara dI aura usake vyaya hetu 12 grAma pradAna kiyaa| vi0 saM0680 paryanta yaha pratimA adhara meM rahI, tatpazcAt yavana rAjya sthApita ho jAne para yaha pratimA siMhAsanArUr3ha huI / pratimA atyanta camatkArI hai, usake naNhava karAye gaye jala se siMcita AratI nahIM bujhatI aura carmarogAdi naSTa ho jAte haiN|" jinaprabhasUri ke uparokta vivaraNa meM aitihAsika tathya itanA hI hai ki kalyANI ke rAjA zaMkara dvArA tailaMgadeza ke kulpAka nagarI meM mANikyasvAmI kI pratimA sthApita kI gii| kalyANI kA rAjA zaMkara kauna thA? kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha rAjA kalyANI kA kalcurIvaMzIya saMkama 'dvitIya' thA, jisane I0 san 1177 se I0 san 1180 taka rAjya kiyA / parantu paryApta kAraNoM ke abhAva meM yaha mata pUrNatayA svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / udayakIti-12vIM13vIM zatI, guNakIrti-15vIM zatI, sumatisAgara-16vIM zatI, jayasAgara-17vIM zatI evaM jJAnasAgara-16-17 vIM zatI Adi digambara tathA zIlavijaya-17 vIM zatI jaise zvetAmbara jaina granthakAroM ne isa tIrtha ko eka digambara kendra ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai / yadyapi jinaprabha isakA ullekha mAtra eka jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM karate haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki isa tIrtha kA sabase prAcIna ullekha 12-13vIM zatI kA hai| saMbhavataH isI samaya yaha tIrtha astitva meM AyA hogaa| jinaprabha ne pratimA ke camatkAroM evaM vi0 saM0 680 ke pazcAt yahA~ rAjya sthApita hone kA jo ullekha kiyA hai use unakI vyaktigata zraddhA evaM kalpanA para hI AdhArita mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 132 / 2. majumadAra aura pusAlakara-da sTragila phAra empAyara, pR0 181-182 3. joharApurakara-vahI, pR0 132 / 4. zIlavijayakRta-"tIrthamAlA" prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha ( saMpA0 vijaya dharma-sUri ) ke antargata prakAzita /

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285 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana Aja yahA~ jo jinAlaya vidyamAna hai vaha prAcIna to hai, parantu bAra-bAra ke punarnirmANa se usakI maulikatA pUrNatayA lupta ho gaI hai| jinAlaya meM vi0saM0 1333 se lekara vi0 saM0 1767 taka ke lekha vidyamAna haiM, jo yahA~ Aye tIrthayAtrIsaMghoM dvArA karAye gaye nirmANa evaM punanirmANa ke avasarapara utkIrNa karAye gaye haiN| vartamAna yuga meM isakA punarnirmANa vi0 saM01955-56 meM zAntivijayasUri dvArA sampanna karAyA gayA hai| 3. zrIparvata zrIparvata jise zrIzailaparvata bhI kahate haiM, Andhrapradeza ke karnUla jile meM vidyamAna hai| isakI gaNanA 12 prasiddha jyotiliGgoM meM kI jAtI hai / jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata isa tIrtha kI carcA kI hai aura yahA~ sthita mallinAtha aura ghaNTAkarNa mahAvIra ke jinAlayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / zrIzailaparvata Aja eka prasiddha zaiva kendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| Aja yahA~ jainoM kA koI astitva bhI vidyamAna nahIM hai / parantu yahA~ sthita zivAlaya meM mukhamaMDapa ke donoM ora ke stambhoM para zaka saM0 1433 mAgha vadi 14/I0 san 1512 kA saMskRta bhASAmaya eka lekha utkIrNa hai| jisake anusAra ukta zivAlaya ke pUjArI ne zvetAmbaroM ke zIza kaTavA diye| isa bAta ko ukta lekha meM bar3I prazaMsA ke sAtha likhA gayA hai / isI prakAra yahIM se prApta eka anya abhilekha meM, jo I0 san 1529 meM utkIrNa karAyA gayA, eka zaiva bhakta svayaM ko "zvetAmbaroM ke liye kAla" ke rUpa meM ullikhita karatA hai| ina ullekhoM se. jinaprabhasUri kI bAta kA apratyakSa rUpa se samarthana hotA hai aura yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 16vIM zatI ke prathamacaraNa ke pUrva taka yahA~ zvetAmbaroM kA astitva rhaa| parantu zaiva dharmAvalambiyoM vizeSakara. 1. vistAra ke lie draSTavya-jainasatya prakAza, ( gujarAtI zodhapatrikA ) jibda 6 meM prakAzita zrI jJAnavijaya jI kA lekha "shriikulpaaktiirth'| 2. vhii| 3. sAleTora, bI0e0-miDuvala jainijma, pR0 319 / desAI, pI0bI0-jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA, pR0 23 / 4 desAI-vahI pR0 402 /

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286 dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha vIrazaivoM ko eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa zaiva tIrthasthAna ke nikaTa jainoM kI upasthiti asahya ho gayI hogI aura unhoMne yahA~ ke samasta zvetAmbaroM kI hatyA kara dii| isa prakAra zrIzailam (zrIparvata) se sadaiva ke liye jainoM kA astitva hI samApta ho gyaa| sa-karNATaka (1) kiSkindhA (2) dakSiNApatha gommaTezvara bAhubali (3) zaMkhajinAlaya 1. kiSkindhA jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata laMkA, pAtAlalaMkA Adi ke sAtha kiSkindhA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ bhagavAn zAntinAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI hai / ___ jaina paurANika sAhitya aura rAmAyaNa meM ullikhita kiSkindhA ko vartamAna meM pampA ( karNATaka prAnta ke belArI jilAntargata Adhunika hampI ) ke nikaTa sthita mAnA jAtA hai| jaina paurANika sAhitya meM isa sthAna kA ullekha to milatA hai, parantu jinaprabhasUri ko chor3akara kisI anya jaina granthakAra ne spaSTarUpa se jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM isa sthAna kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| cUMki jaina paurANika kathAoM meM varNita hone ke kAraNa ye sthAna pavitra mAne jAte rahe hoMgeM, ataH jinaprabhasUri ne vahA~ jaina tIrtha hone kI kalpanA kara lI hogii| 1. vIra zaivoM dvArA jainoM ke bastiyoM ko naSTa karane, unake maMdiroM evaM pratimAoM ko kSatigrasta karane. unheM zAstrArtha meM anItipUrvaka parAjita kara apamAnita karane Adi aise aneka udAharaNa milate haiM, jisase siddha ho jAtA hai ki unake dvArA jainoM ko atyadhika kSati pahuMcAyI gyii| isa sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa ke liye draSTavya-sAleTora, bI0e. "miDuvala jainijma" pR0 280-282 / 2. sarakAra, dinezacandra-sTaDIja ina jyogrAphI oNpha ainzeMTa eNDa miDavala iNDiyA ( dvi0 saMskaraNa ) pR. 308 / 3. paumacariu-vimalasUri (I0 san chaThI zatI) 8 / 229; 9 / 24; 47 / 1,33; 90114 Adi; joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 128 //

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287 jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 2. dakSiNApatha gommaTezvarabAhubali jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata dakSiNApatha ke gommaTadeva kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / __ vartamAna meM karNATaka pradeza ke 3 sthAnoM-zravaNavelagolA, kArakala aura veNUru meM gommaTa pratimAyeM haiM / zravaNavelagolA sthita gommaTa pratimA ko I0 san 983 meM gaMga nareza ke senApati cAmuNDa rAya dvArA nirmita karAyA gyaa| zeSa do pratimAyeM I0 san 1432 aura I0 san 1504 meM sthApita karAyI gyiiN|' cUMki jinaprabhasUri ke samaya taka kevala zravaNabelagolA ke gommaTadeva hI astitva meM Aye the, ataH yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM ki jinaprabha ne dakSiNApatha ke jisa gommaTadeva kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha zravaNabelagolA ke gommaTezvara bAhubali hI haiN| zravaNabelagolA digambara jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai| ise jainabadrI, jaina kAzI aura gommaTatIrtha bhI kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ sthita gommaTadeva kI pratimA 57 phuTa U~cI hai|3 digambara paramparAnusAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya ne yahIM Akara tapasyA kI aura sallekhanA vidhi se yahIM para zarIra kA bhI tyAga kiyaa| zravaNabelagolA aura usake samIpavartI grAmoM se lagabhaga 500 zilAlekha prApta hue haiM, jo I0 san kI chaThI zatI se lekara I0 san kI 18vIM zatI taka ke haiN| isaprakAra spaSTa hai ki prAcIna kAla se hI yaha sthAna eka prasiddha digambara tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahA hai| 3. zaMkhajinAlaya jinaprabhasUri ne kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgrahakalpa ke antargata zaMkha jinAlaya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura yahA~ neminAtha ke maMdira hone kI bAta kahI hai| 1. zarmA, esa0Ara0-jainijma eNDa karNATaka kalcara, pR0 103 / 2. vahI, pR0 103 / 3. jaina, jagadIza canda-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 67 / 4. vahI, pR0 67 / 5. jaina, hIrAlAla-saMpA0 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prathamabhAga meM yahAM se prApta prAyaH sabhI lekha prakAzita haiM / zravaNavelagolA ke sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa ke liye draSTavya-ukta grantha kI prastAvanA /

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288 - dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina tIrtha zaMkha jinAlaya ko karNATaka prAnta ke dhAravAr3a jilAntargata lakSmezvara tIrtha meM sthita zaMkhavasati se samIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| lakSmezvara digambara jainoM kA eka prasiddha tIrtha hai| pUrvakAla meM ise purikaranagara, purigere, puligere Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA rhaa|' madhyayugIna kucha digambara jaina granthakAroM ne isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA hai| madhyayuga meM yahA~ kaI prAcIna jinAlaya vidyamAna the, jinake khaMDaharoM se aneka abhilekha prApta hue haiM, jo 8vIM se 16vIM zatI I0san ke madhya ke haiM / ina lekhoM meM jaina AcAryoM aura unake gacchoM, zAkhAoM Adi kA tathA tatkAlIna zAsakoM evaM nirmAtAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki yahA~ aneka jinAlaya vidyamAna the, jinameM se kucha ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-zaMkhavasati, tIrthavasati, mukkaravasati, rAcamallavasati gaMgakaNDarappajinAlaya, gaMgaparamAdicaityAlaya athavA paramAdi vasati, zrIvijayavasati, marudevImaMdira, dhavala jinAlaya, goggiyavasati, anisejjayavasati aura zAntinAtha jinAlaya aadi| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki ukta jinAlayoM ke nAmoM meM adhikAMza to gaMga rAjakumAroM ke nAma ke AdhAra para haiM; jaise gaMga paramardI vetuga 'dvitIya' kI upAdhi thI aura rAcamalala gaMga nareza thaa| isI prakAra gaMga kandarappa mArasiha kI upAdhi thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki inameM zaMkhavasati sabase adhika prAcIna aura mahimna jinAlaya thA, aisI paristhiti meM 14vIM zatI meM uttara bhArata ke eka aise jaina granthakAra dvArA, jinhoMne niSpakSa bhAva se jaina tIrthoM para eka viziSTa grantha likhA ho, isa tIrtha kA ullekha karanA svAbhAvika hai / uparokta vasatiyoM (jinAlayoM) meM se zaMkhavasati tathA kucha anya vasatiyA~ hI Aja vidyamAna haiN| 1. desAI, pI0bI0 -jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA, pR0 388 / 2. joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-tIrthavandanasaMgraha, pR0 171-72 / 3. desAI, pI0bI0-pUrvokta, pR0 135-37; 144, 251, 388 / 4. vahI, pR0 388 / 5. vahI, pR0 388 / 6. vahI, pR0 388 /

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kerala jaisA ki pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai, isa prAnta ke kevala eka tIrtha kA ullekha hai aura vaha hai 'mlygiri'| 1. malayagiri kalpapradIpa ke caturazItimahAtIrthanAmasaMgraha kalpa ke antargata isa parvata kA bhI ullekha hai aura kahA gayA hai ki yahA~ zreyAMsanAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke jinAlaya vidyamAna haiN| ___ malayagiri ko pUrvI aura pazcimIghATa ke madhya TrAvanakora kI pahAr3iyoM se samIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / ' jaina paurANika sAhitya meM isa sthAna kA ullekha to milatA hai, parantu jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM jinaprabha sUri ke pUrvavartI kisI anya jaina granthakAra ne isakA ullekha kiyA ho, aisA abhI taka dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai / paurANika kathAoM meM ullikhita hone ke kAraNa isa parvata kI pavitratA aura mahattva to nirvivAda hai, ataH aisI sthiti meM vahA~ jinAlayoM ke hone kI jinaprabha kI mAnyatA ko pUrNataH asvIkAra to nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, ho sakatA hai unake samaya meM yahAM ukta tIrthaGkaroM ke jinAlaya vidyamAna rahe hoM kintu unakA Aja koI bhI avazeSa nahIM miltaa| 1. sarakAra, dinezacandra ---sTaDIja ina jyogrAphI oNpha ainzeMTa eNDa miDuvala iNDiyA, pR0 115 / 2. paumacariu (vimala-I0 san 6ThI zatI) 33 / 141, AdipurANa (racanAkAra-jinasena-I0 san 9vIM zatI kA uttarArddha) 29 / 88; 36 / 26 /

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sahAyaka granthasacI prastuta sUcI meM una sabhI granthoM aura zodhapatra Adi kA samAveza hai jinakA lekhaka ne zodhaprabandha taiyAra karane meM sadupayoga kiyA hai / granthasUcI mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai - mUla srota aura Adhunika sAhitya / mala srota sAmagrI, jaina Agama, AgamabAhyajaina grantha, granthaprazastiyAM, granthasUcI, paTTAvalI aura vaMzAvalI, jaina abhilekha sambandhI grantha aura brAhmaNa tathA bauddha graMthoM ke rUpa meM vibhAjita hai| inameM se pratyeka varga meM graMthoM ko unake nAma ke varNamAlAkrama ke anusAra saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika graMtha sUcI meM sAmagrI kA saMkalana lekhakoM ke nAma ke krama ke anusAra hai aura suvidhA ke liye pratyeka lekhaka ke graMthoM aura zodhapatroM ko eka sAtha hI rakhA gayA hai| jaina Agama antakRddazA (antagaDadasAo), saMpA0pI0ela0 vaidya, pUnA, 1932 I0; TIkA ( abhayadeva ), saMpA0ema0 sI0 modI, ahamadAbAda 1932 I0 / AcArAGga (AyArAGga, ,saMpA0 muni zrI jambUvijaya, bambaI,I0 1977 - niyukti, ( bhadrabAhu ), sUrata, 1941 I0; ----- cUrNI, ( jinadAsagaNi), ratalAma, 1941; --- vRtti, (zIlAGka), sUrata, 1935 I0; -- aMgrejI anuvAda, harmana jaikobI, saiDa buksa oNpha da IsTa, jilda 22, dvitIya saMskaraNa, dillI, 1964 I0 / Avazyaka ( Avassaya ), saMpA0 muni kanhaiyAlAla, anuvAdaka, ghAsI lAla, rAjakoTa (saurASTra), dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1958 I0 / -- niyukti, (bhadrabAhu) bhAga 1-2, sUrata, 1941 I0 --- cUrNI, (jinadAsagaNi) bhAga 1-2; ratalAma, 1928-29 I0 ---- TIkA, (haribhadra, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1916 I0;

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 291 -- TIkA (malayagiri), bhAga 1, bambaI 1928 I0; bhAga 2, bambaI 1932 I0; bhAga 3, sUrata 1936 I0 / uttarAdhyayana (uttarajjhayaNa), saMpA0sAdhvI candanA, AgarA, 1972 I0; -- niyukti ( bhadrabAhu) -- cUrNI ( saMghadAsagaNi ), ratalAma, 1933 I0; -- TIkA ( zAntisUri ), bambaI, 1916 I0; -- aMgrejI anuvAda, harmana jaikobI, saikeTa buksa oNpha da IsTa, jilda 45, dvitIya saMskaraNa, dillI, 1964 I0 / upAsagadazA ( uvAsagadasAo)--saMpA0 muni madhukara, vyAvara, 1980 I0; aupapAtika ( uvavAI sUtra), saMpA0 anuvAdaka, amolakaRSi, haidarA __ bAda, vIra sambat 2442-46 / kalpasUtra ( pajjosaNAkappa), saMpA0 aura hindI anuvAdaka-mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, jayapura, 1977 I0; .. -- TIkA ( samayasundara gaNi ), bambaI, 1939 I0; -- aMgrejI anuvAda, harmana jaikobI, saikeDa buksa oNpha da IsTa, jilda 22, dvitIya saMskaraNa, dillI, 1964 I0 / jJAtRdharmakayA (nAyAdhammakahA) saMpA0 munimadhukara, vyAvara 1980 I0; -- TIkA (abhayadeva), Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1919 I0 dasavaikAlika ( dasaveyAliya), saMpA0 anuvAdaka--AtmArAma jI, lAhaura, 1946 I0; __--- cUrNI, (jinadAsagaNi ), ratalAma, 1933 I0 / -- vRtti ( haribhadra ), bambaI, 1918 I0; nirayAvaliyA--saMpA0 muni kanhaiyAlAla jI, hindI anu0, ghAsIlAla jI, rAjakoTa (saurASTra), dvi0saM0 1960 I0; nizItha-- --- cUrNI ( jinadAsagaNi), saMpA0 upAdhyAya amara muni tathA muni kanhaiyAlAla, bhAga 1-4, AgarA, 1957-60 I0;

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292 sahAyaka granthasUcI bRhatkalpa ( kappa ), saMpA0 aura hindI anuvAdaka--amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vIra samvat 2445; --- bhASya ( saMghadAsagaNi) -- TIkA ( malayagiri tathA kSemagiri ), saMpA0 muni puNya vijaya. bhAga 16, bhAvanagara, 1933-38 I0 / maraNasamAdhi ( maraNasamAhi ) Agamodaya samiti bambaI. 1927 I0 / rAjapraznIya ( rAyapaseNai ) saMpA0 - muni kanhaiyAlAla jI; bhAga 1-2, hindI anuvAdaka, ghAsIlAla jI, rAjakoTa, ( saurASTra) 1965 ii0| vipAkayUtra ( viyAgasuya) mUla aura hindI anuvAda, saMpA0 anu0 mani Ananda sAgara, koTA (rAjapUtAnA), 1935 I0; -- TIkA (abhayadeva), bar3audA, vi0saM0 1922; vyAkhyAprajJapti ( bhagavatI ) mUla aura vatti (abhayadeva) sahita, dvitIya saMskaraNa, ratalAma, 1937 ii0| samavAyAMga - saMpA0 muni madhukara, vyAvara, 1982 I0; -TIkA ( abhayadeva), ahamadAbAda, 1938 I0; sUtrakRtAGga ( sUyagaDaM ), saMpA0 muni madhukara, vyAvara, 1982 I0; -- niyukti, ( bhadrabAhu) - cUrNI ( jinadAsagaNi ), ratalAma, 1941 I0; - aMgrejI anuvAda, harmana jaikobI, saikeDa buksa oNpha da IsTa, jilda 45, dvi0saM0 dillI, 1964 I0 / sthAnAGga ( ThANAMga ), saMpA0 muni madhukara, vyAvara, 1981 I0; ---- TIkA (abhayadeva), ahamadAbAda, 1937 I0 / aMga bAhya jaina sAhitya / abhidhAnacintAmaNi ( hemacandra ), saMpA0-haragovinda dAsa becaradAsa, bhAga 1-2, bhAvanagara, vIra saM0 2441-6 / abhidhAnarAje drakoza ( vijayarAjendrasUri ), ratalAma, 1913-34 I0 / aSTottarItIrthamAlA ( mahendrasUri ), vidhipakSIya paMcapratikramaNasUtrANi, vi0 saM0 1984 /

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana AkhyAnakamaNikoza ( AmradevasUri ) saMpA0 muni puNyavijaya, vArANasI, 1962 I0 / AdipurANa ( jinasena ), saMpA0 pannAlAla jaina, vArANasI, 1963 I0 uttarapurANa ( guNabhadra ), saMpA0 pannAlAla jaina, vArANasI, 1968 ii0| upadezataraMgiNI ( ratnamandiragaNi), vArANasI vIra saM0 2437 / upadezaprAsAda ( vijayalakSmI mUri ), rAjanagara, 1938 I0 / upadezasaptatiH ( somadharmagaNi), ahamadAbAda, vi0saM0 1998 / kuvalayamAlA ( udyotatasUri ), saMpA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, bhAga 1 -2, bambaI, 1959-75 I0 / 293 kIrtimudI ( mahAkavi somezvara ) saMpA0 muni puNyavijaya, bambaI, 1961 I0 / kumArapAlacaritasaMgraha, saMpA0 jinavijaya muni, bambaI, 1956 I0 / kumArapAla pratibodha ( somaprabhAcArya ) gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja naM0 14, bar3audA 1920 I0 / gurvAvalI ( munisuMdarasUri ), yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, vIra samvat 2437 / candraprabhacarita ( vIranandI ), saMpA0 amRta lAla zAstrI, zolApura, 1971 I0 / jainasrotasaMdoha, saMpA0 amara vijaya muni, khaNDa 1, ahamadAbAda, 1932 I0 / tatvArtha sUtra ( umAsvAti ) saMpA0 paM0 sukhalAla jI, banArasa, 1952 I0 / tilopapatti ( yativRSabha ? ), saMpA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, bhAga 1 - 2, zolApura, 1943 I0 / tIrthamAlAstavana ( vinayaprabhasUri ) saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, jaina satyaprakAza, varSa 17, pR0 15-22 / dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvya ( udayaprabhasUri ), saMpA0 catura vijaya evaM puNyavijaya, bambaI, 1942 I0 /

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294 sahAyaka granthasUcI dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa ( jayasiMha sUri ), saMpA0 lAlacanda bhagavAna dAsa gAMdhI, bambaI, 1949 ii0| nirvANakalikA ( pAdaliptasUri ), saMpA0 mohanalAla bhagavAna dAsa, bambaI, 1926 ii0|| paumacariu ( vimala ), saMpA0 muni puNya vijaya, bhAga 1-2, vArANasI, 1962-68 ii0| padmapurANa ( raviseNa ) saMpA0- pannA lAla jaina, bhAga 1-3 vArANasI 1959 ii0| pariziSTaparva ( hemacandra ), saMpA0 harmana jaikobI, kalakattA, 1932 I0 pArzvanAthacaritra (bhAvadevasUri), saMpA0 haragovindadAsa tathA becaradAsa, vArANasI, 1911 ii0|| pAsanAhacariu ( padmakItti ), saMpA0 pI0 ke0 modI, vArANasI 1965 ii0| pAiyasaddamahaNNavo ( paM0 hara govindadAsa ) saMpA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla tathA dalamukha mAlavaNiyA, dvi0saM0 vArANasI, 1963 I0 / purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha-saMpA0 muni jina vijaya, kalakattA, 1936 I0 / pratiSThAsAroddhAra ( AzAdhara ), saMpA0 mohanalAla zAstrI, bambaI, vi0saM0 1974 / / prabandhacintAmaNi ( merutuGga), saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, zAntiniketana, 1933 ii0| prabhAvakacarita ( prabhAcandra ), saMpA0 muni jina vijaya, ahamadAbAda kalakattA 1940 I0 / prabandhakoza (rAjazekhara), saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, kalakattA, 1935 I0 prAcInatIrthamAlAsaMgraha, saMpA0 -vijayadharmasUri, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1978 / vRhatkathAkoza ( hariSeNa ), saMpA0 e0ena0 upAdhye, vambaI, 1943 I0 vasudevahiNDI ( saMvadAsagaNi), saMpA0 munipuNyavijaya, bhAga 1-2, bhAva nagara, 1930-31 I0 / vividhatIrthakalpa ( jinaprabhasUri ), saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, kalakattA, 1934 ii0|

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 295 zAsanacatustrizikA ( madanakIrti ), saMpA0 darabArI lAla koThiyA, sarasAvA, 1949 ii0|| sakalatIrthastotra ( munisuMdarasUri ) saMpA0 sI0 DI0 dalAla, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, jilda 76, pR0 156-7 / samarAiccakahA (haribhadrasUri ), saMpA0 harmana jAkobI, kalakattA, 1926 ii0| satyapuramahAvIrajinotsAha (dhanapAla ), jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, varSa 3, aMka 3, ahamadAbAda / sukRtakIrtikallolinI ( udayaprabhasUri ), saMpA0 munipuNyavijaya, bambaI 1961 ii0| sukRtasaMkIrtana ( arisiMha ) saMpA0 munipuNyavijaya, bambaI, 1961 I0 / harivaMzapurANa (jinasena ), saMpA0 pannAlAla jaina, vArANasI, - 1962 ii0| trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (hemacandra ), aMgrejI anuvAdaka-eca0 jAnasana, bhAga 1-6, bar3audA 1939-62 I0 / prazastiyA~ zrI prazastisaMgraha, saMpA0 amRtalAla maganalAla zAha, ahamadAbAda, saM0 1993 / jenapustakaprazastisaMgraha, saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, ahamadAbAda, 1949 ii0| prazastisaMgraha, saMpA0 paM0 bhujabala zAstrI, ArA, vi0 saM0 1999 / jainagranthaprazastisaMgraha, saMpA0 jugula kizora mukhtAra, dillI, 1954 I0 / grantha sUcI e DiskripTiva kaiTalaoNga oNpha mainyuskripTsa ina da jaina bhaNDArsa aiTa pATana, saMpA0 sI0 DI0 dalAla, bar3audA, 1937 I0 / kaiTalaoNga oNpha pAma-lIpha mainyuskriTsa ina da zAntinAtha jaina bhaNDAra, kaimbe, bhAga 1-2 / saMpAo-muni puNyavijaya, bar3audA, ___1961-1966 I0 / kaiTalaoNga oNpha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskripTsa : jaisalamera kalekzana, saMpA0 muni puNyavijaya, ahadAbAda, 1972 I0 /

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295 sahAyaka granthasUcI paTTAliyA~ paTTAvalIsamuccaya, bhAga 1.2, saMpA0 tripuTI mahArAja, ahamadAbAda, 1933-1950 ii0| kharataragacchabRha gurvAvalI, saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, ahamadAbAda, 1956 ii0| vividhagacchIyapaTTAvalIsaMgraha, saMpA0 muni jinavijaya, bambaI 1961 / videzI yAtriyoM ke vivaraNa hvenasAMga Travelsa ina iMDiyA, thAmasa vATarsa, prathama bhAratIya punarmudraNa, dillI, 1962 ii0| buddhisTa rikArDa oNpha da vesTarna varlDa saimuvala vIla, bhAga 1-4, prathama bhAratIya punarmudraNa, kalakattA, 1957 1958 I0 / jaina abhilekha sambandhI grantha arbudaprAcInajainale khasaMdoha, saMpA0 muni jayantavijaya, ujjaina, vi0 saM0 1994 / aba~dAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMdoha, muni jayanta vijaya, bhAvanagara vi0 saM0 2005 / jainapratimAyantralekhasaMgraha, saMpA0 bAbU choTelAla jaina, kalakattA, 1923 I0 / jainadhAtupratimAlekha, saMpA0 muni kAntisAgara, sUrata, 1950 / jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga 1-3, saMpAdaka pUranacanda nAhara, kalakattA, 1918-29 ii0| jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 15, saMpA0 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina tathA anya bambaI aura vArANasI 1928-71 I0 / pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, saMpA0 mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, koTA 1953 I0 prAcInalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1-2, saM0 muni jinavijaya, bhAvanagara, 1921 ii0|

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 297 bIkAnera jai nalekhasaMgraha, saMrA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, kalakattA, 1955 ii0| rAdhanapurajainalekhasaMgraha, saMpA0 muni vizAla vijaya, bhAvanagara, 1960 ii0| zrIjainapratimAlekhasaMgraha, saMpA0 daulata siMha lor3hA, dhAmaNiyA mevAr3a, 1951 ii0| brAhmaNIya grantha aSTAdhyAyI (pANini ), saMpA0 zrIzacandra basu, dillI, 1962 I0 / kathAsaritsAgara ( somadeva ), bambaI, 1930 ii0|| hindI anuvAda, bhAga 1-2, anuvAdaka- paMDita kedAranAtha zarmA, paTanA, 1960-61 I0 / dazakumAracarita ( daNDI), saMpA0 goDavole aura zarmA, bambaI, 1936 ii0| mahAbhArata ( saMpA0 ) bI0 esa0 sukathaNakara aura esa0 ke0 velavarakara bhAga 1-17, pUnA, 1933-61 I0 / mahAbhASya ( pataMjali ) saMpA0 kIla hArna, bambaI, 1892-1909 I0 / rAmAyaNa - aMgrejI anuvAdaka, ema0 ena0 datta, kalakattA, 1895 1905 ii0| skandapurANa ( bhAga 1-7), veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI vi0 saM0 1905 1966 / viSNupurANa-aMgejI anuvAdaka, eca0 eca0 vilsana, bhAga 1-5, landana, 1864-70 I0 / bauddha graMtha DikzanarI oNpha pAlI prApara nemsa-(bhAga 1-2), jI0 pI0 malAla sekara, laMdana, 1937-38 I0 / buddhacaryA-saMpA0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, sAranAtha, banArasa, 1952 I0 /

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298 sahAyaka granthasUcI Adhunika graMtha aura lekha sUcI agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa-e zArTa gAiDa buka TU di AkiyolAji kala seksana oNpha da prAvinsiyala myUjiyama, lakhanaU, 1953 ii0| 'jaina aura vaiSNavoM ke mela-milApa kA eka zAsanapatra' premoabhinandanagrantha (TIkamagar3ha 1946 I0) pR0 290-92 / prAcIna bhAratIya lokadharma, ahamadAbAda, 1964 I0 / bhAratIya kalA, vArANasI, 1977 I0 / 'mathurApurIkalpa', candAbAI abhinandana grantha ( ArA 1954 I0 ) pR0 397-402 / anantakumAra-buddhakAlIna rAjagRha, paTanA, 1974 I0 / amaracanda--hastinApura, vArANasI, 1952 I0 / amIna, je0 pI0 khambhAtanu jaina mUrti nidhAna, khambhAta, 1979 altekara, e0 esa0 - 'e hisTrI oNpha impArTenTa aiMzeMTa TAunsa eNDa siTIja oNpha gujarAta eNDa kAThiyAvAr3a', iNDiyana enTIkverI, jilda 3, I0 san 1924-25 pR0 1.54 / rASTrakUTAja eNDa deyara TAimsa dvi0 saM0, pUnA, 1967 ii0| AcArya, je0 bI0, saM0 hisTorikala iskRpsansa oNpha gujarAta, bhAga 1-3, bambaI, 1933-42 ii0| AyaMgara, rAmAsvAmI aura rAva, zeSagiri-sTaDIja ina sAutha iMDi yana jainijma, bhAga 1-2, punarmudrita, dillI, 1982 I0 / upAdhyAya, bharata siMha-buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola, prayAga, vi0 saM0 2018 / kajinsa, eca0--propresa riporTa oNpha ArkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha iMDiyA, vesTarna sakila, pUnA, 1899 I0 /

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 299 kaniMghama, e0-da ainzeMTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, punamudrita, vArANasI, 1963 ii0| kANe, pI0 vI0-hisTrI oNpha dharmazAstra ( hindI anuvAda ) bhAga 1 5, lakhanaU, 1966-75 I0 / kAlaghATagI, TI0 jI0-jainijma eNDa karNATaka kalcara, dhAravAr3a, 1977 ii0| krAujhe, zArloTe saMpA0 ainzeMTa jaina homsa, ujjaina, 1952 I0 / ___ - 'mahAkAla mandira aura jaina dharma' vikramasmatigrantha, ujjaina, vi0 saM0 2001, pR0 409-442 / 'siddhasenadivAkara eNDa jainijma vikramavAlyUma, ujjaina 1948 I0, pR0 213-280 / kRSNadeva- 'mAlAdevI Tempula aiTa gyArasapura,' zrImahAvIra jaina vidyA laya golDena jubalI vAlyUma, bambaI, 1968 I0, bhAga 2, pR0 260-69 / Tempulsa oNpha nArtha iNDiyA, dillI 1969 I0 / gupta, sarayU prasAda-mahAbhArata tathA purANoM ke tIrthoM kA Alo canAtmaka adhyayana, vaaraannsii| gopAnI, e0 esa0- 'jainijma ina gujarAta', bhAratIya vidyA, varSa 9, bambaI, ( 1948 I0 ), pR0 229.45 / ghoSa, e0 --- saMpA0 jaina kalA aura sthApatya, khaMDa 1-3 naI dillI, 1975 I0 / cakravartI, e0 - jaina liTarecara ina tamila, naI dillI, 1974 I0 / caTarjI, e0 ke0 -- e kAmprihensiva hisTrI oNpha jainijma, kalakattA, 1978 ii0| candA, Ara0 pI0-- 'jaina rImensa aiTa rAjagRha', ArkiyolAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA-ainuvala riporTa, varSa 1925-26, pR0 121-27 / candrA, pramoda-sTona skalpacarsa ina ilAhAbAda myUjiyama bambaI, 1970 I0 /

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300 sahAyaka granthasUcI caudharI, jI0 sI0 - poliTikala hisTrI Apha nArtha iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja, amRtasara, 1963 I0 / jAkobI, eca0 - jaina sUtrAja, bhAga 1, saikra eDa buksa oNpha da IsTa jilda 22, punarmudrita, dillI, 1964 I0 / jaina sUtrAja, bhAga 2, saikra eDa buksa oNpha da IsTa, jilda 45, punarmudrita dillI, 1964 I0 / jAyasavAla, ke0 pI0 - " jaina imeja oNpha maurya pIriyaDa' jarnala oNpha bihAra, ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI, khaMDa 23, bhAga 1, 1937 I0, pR0 130-32 / jinavijaya gujarAta kA jaina dharma, vArANasI, 1949 I0 / jaina sAhityanI jhalaka, bambaI, 1966 I0 / rAjarSi kumArapAla, vArANasI, 1949 I0 / -- jaina, kailAzacandra - mAlavA thro da ejeja, dillI, 1972 I0 / jainijma ina rAjasthAna, zolApura, 1963 I0 / ainseMTa siTIja eNDa TAunsa oNpha rAjasthAna, dillI, 1972 I0 / jaina, gokulacanda - yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, vArANasI, 1967 I0 / jaina, choTelAla - jaina bibaliyograoNphI, prathama saMskaraNa, kalakattA, 1942 I0 / jaina, jagadIzacandra - jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, vArANasI, 1965 I0 / bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, vArANasI, 1952 I0 / prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, vArANasI, 1961 I0 / " jaina sAhitya kA bhaugolika mahattva" premI abhinandana grantha, pR0 250 268 / jaina, jyoti prasAda - hastinApura, lakhanaU, 1955 I0 / pramukha aitihAsika jena puruSa aura mahilAyeM, naI dillI, 1975 I0 /

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 301 - saM0 zramaga bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha, lakhanaU, 1975 ii0| jaina, balabhadra-bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga 1-4, vArANasI, 1974-78 ii0| jaina bhAgacandra-devagar3ha kI jaina kalA, naI dillI, 1974 I0 / jaina premasumana - kuvalayamAlAkahA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, vaizAlI, 1975 ii0| jaina, hIrAlAla-bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1962 I0 / jaina, jJAnacanda -nigaMTha jJAtaputta, lakhanaU, 1977 I0 / jozI, umAzaMkara--purANoM mA gajarAta, ahamadAbAda, 1946 I0 / jozI, ena0 pI0 mathurA kI mUrtikalA, mathurA, 1965 I0 / joharApurakara, vidyAdhara-tIrthavandana saMgraha, zolApura, 1965 I0 - bhaTTAraka sampradAya, zolApura, 1958 I0 / TADa, jemsa-Travelsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA ( hindI anuvAda ) jodhapura, 1965 I0 / De, nandolAla-jyogrAphikala DiksanarI oNpha ainzenTa eNDa miDavala iNDiyA, punarmudrita, naI dillI 1971 I0 / DhAkI, ema0e0--ujjayantagiri eNDa jina ariSTanemi jarnala oNpha iNDiyana sosAiTI oNpha oriyaNTala ArTa, nyU sirIja, jilda 6. kalakattA, 1982 I0 pR0 1-33 / / "da DeTa oNpha da DAMsiMga hAla oNpha da sana Tempula moDherA", jarnala oNpha da eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha bAmbe, jilda 38 ( 1963 I0 ), nyU sirIja, pR0 211-22 / "zAntarA skalpacarsa",jarnala oNpha iNDiyana sosAiTI oNpha oriyaNTala ArTa, jilda 4, (1970-71 I0), pR0 78-97 / 'leTa guptA skalpacarsa phrAma aNahilavAr3a', buleTina myUjiyama eNDa pikcarsa gailarI, jilda 19, bar3audA, 1965 66, pR0 17-28 /

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sahAyaka granthasUcI "da kronolAjI oNpha solaMkI Tempulsa oNpha gujarAta', jarnala oNpha madhyapradeza itihAsa pariSada, jilda 3, bhopAla 1961 ii0| 'vimalavasahInI tithi samasyAo', svAdhyAya, jilda 9, aMka 3, pR0 349.64 / 'sama arlI jaina Tempulsa oNpha vesTarna iNDiyA' zrImahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDana jabalo vAlyUma, bambaI, 1968 I0 bhAga 2, pR0 290-347 / DhAkI, ema0 e0 tathA bhojaka, lakSmaNa- zatraMjaya girinA keTalAka aprakaTa pratimA lekho' sambodhi, jilda 7, pR0 13.25 / DhAkI, ema0 e0 tathA zAstrI, hariprasAda - 'prabhAsapATanamAM prAcIna jaina mandiro' svAdhyAya, jilda 3, aMka 8 (bar3audA) 1969 I0, pR0 320-41 / 'vastupAla tejapAlanI kIrtinAtmaka pravRttiyoM' svAdhyAya jilda 4, aMka 3, pR0 305-20 / tivArI, ema0ena0pI0 - jaina pratimA vijJAna, vArANasI, 1981 ii0| tripuTI mahArAja-jaina tIrthono itihAsa, mehasANA, vi0saM0 2005 / ___ - jaina paramparAno itihAsa, bhAga 1-3, ahamadAbAda, 1960 trivedI, sI0 bI0 - dazapura, bhopAla, 1979 ii0|| darzana vijaya, muni-- paTTAvalI samuccaya, vIragrAma, 1933 I0 / dave, je0 eca0 --- immArTala iNDiyA, bhAga 1-4, bambaI, 1957 61 ii0| dvivedI, hariharanivAsa -- gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha, gvAliyara, 1947 I0 / desAI, ema0 DI0-gurjara jaina kavio bhAga 1-3 bambaI 1928 I0, 1931 I0, 1944 I0 / - jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, bambaI, 1933 I0 / /

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana desAI, pI0 bI0-jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA, zolApura, 1957 I0 deva, esa0 bI0 hisTrI oNpha jaina monAkijma, pUnA, 1956 I0 / ___ - jaina monAsTika jyUripaDeMsa, banArasa, 1960 I0 / dozI, becaradAsa-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, vArANasI 1966 ii0|| nAhaTA, agaracanda - "jaina sAhitya kA bhaugolika mahattva", premI abhinandana grantha, TIkamagar3ha, 1946 I0 pR0 476-487 / nAhaTA, agara canda tathA nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla- kharataragaccha kA iti hAsa, bhAga 1 ajamera, 1959 ii0| saM0 bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha, kalakattA, 1955 I0 / aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, kalakattA, vi0saM0 1994 / 'talaghara se prApta 160 jina pratimAyeM, anekAnta varSa 19 aMka 1-2, 1966 I0, pR0 81-83 / nAhaTA bhaMvaralAla --'tAlAguDI kI jaina pratimA', jaina jagata, varSa 13, aMka 9-11, 1959-1960 I0, pR0 60-61 / nyAya vijaya-'gujarAtamA keTalIka prAcIna jaina maMdiroM' jaina satya prakAza, varSa 13, aMka 2 ahamadAbAda pR0 35-43 / parIkha, Ara0 sI0 tathA zAstrI, hariprasAda - saM0 gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, bhAga 1-6, ahamadAbAda, 1972 79 ii0| pATila, DI0 Ara0-kalcarala heriTeja oNpha madhya bhArata, gvAliyara 1952 ii0| - da enTIkveriyana romensa ina bihAra, paTanA, 1963 I0 / da DiskRpTiva eNDa klAsiphAiMDa lisTa oNpha AkiyolAjikala mAnumenTsa oNpha madhyabhArata, gvAliyara, 1952 ii0| pAThaka, vizuddhAnanda -- uttara bhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa, lakhanaU, 1972 ii0|

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304 sahAyaka granthasUcI pAtharI, bhagavatI prasAda rAjavaMza, maukharI aura puSyabhUti, paTanA, 1973 ii0| pAMDeya, candrabhAna-Andhra sAtavAhana sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, dillI 1963 ii0| pAMDeya, rAjabalI-purANaviSayAnukramaNikA, vArANasI, 1957 I0 / - vikramAditya oNpha ujjayinI, vArANasI, 1951 I0 / purI, bI0 ena0-hisTrI oNpha garjara pratihAra, bambaI 1957 I0 / premI nAthUrAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, prathama saMskaraNa, bambaI, 1942 ii0| phuharara, e0---da mAnumeMTala enTIkviTIja eNDa insakRpsansa ina da nArtha vesTarna provinsa eNDa avadha punarmudrita, vArANasI 1969 I0 / barjesa jemsa tathA kAjinsa, eca0 -da AkiTakcarala enTokviTIja oNpha nAdarna gujarAta, da ArkiyolAjikala sarve oNpha vesTarna iMDiyA, jilda 9, punarmudrita, vArANasI, 1975 I0 / varjesa, jemsa-enTIkviTIja oNpha kAThiyAvAr3a eNDa kaccha, Aki yolAjikala sarve oNpha vesTarna iNDiyA nyU impIriyala sirIja, jilda 2, punarmudrita, vArANasI, 1964 I0 / bAjapeyI, kRSNadatta uttara pradeza kA sAMskRtika itihAsa, AgarA, 1956 ii0| saMpA0 jyogrAphikala insAiklopIDiyA oNpha ainzeMTa / eNDa miDavala iNDiyA, khaMDa 1, vArANasI, 1967 I0 / madhyapradeza kA purAtarava, bhopAla, 1970 I0 / yagoM-yugoM meM uttarapradeza, ilAhAbAda, 1955 I0 / . buhalara, jArja-. "e lIjeNDa oNpha da jaina stUpa aiTa mathurA" viyanA oriyaNTala jarnala, viyanA, 1897 I0 / - Aipha oNpha hemacandra kalakattA, 1936 I0 /

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 305 bainarjI, Ara0 DI0 -- "sama skalpacarsa phrAma kosama' Akiyo lA jikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, ainuvala riporTa, ( 1913-14 I0 ) pR0 262-64 / "nyU brAhmI insakRpsansa oNpha sIthiyana pIriyaDa", ipi grAphiyA iNDikA, jilda 10, pR0 107 / bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0- jaina AikanogrAphI dvitIya saMskaraNa, dillI, 1974 ii0| bhaTTAcArya, pI0 ke0-hisTaoNrikala jyogrAphI oNpha madhyapradeza kAma arlI rikArDasa, dillI, 1977 I0 / bhATiyA, pratipAla- da paramArsa, naI dillI, 1970 I0 / majamUdAra, ema0 Ara0-kalcarala hisTrI oNpha gujarAta, bambaI, 1965 ii0| majumadAra, e0 ke0-caulukyAja oNpha gujarAta, bambaI, 1956 I0 / majamadAra, Ara0 sI0-- da klAsikala ekAunTsa oNpha iNDiyA, dvi0 saM0 kalakattA, 1981 I0 / kAraporeTa lAipha ina ainzeMTa iNDiyA ( hindI anuvAda), sAgara, 1966 I0 / 'jainijma ina ainzenTa baMgAla' zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubalI vAkyUma, bambaI, 1968 I0, bhAga 1, pR0 130-138 / majUmadAra, Ara0 sI0 tathA pusAlakara, e0 DI0-saMpA0 da eja oNpha impIriyala yUniTI, bambaI, 1953 I0 / da klAsikala eja, bambaI, 1954 I0 / da eja oNpha impIriyala kannauja, bambaI, 1955 I0 / da sTragila phAra empAyara, bambaI, 1957 I0 / - da dillI saltanata, bambaI, 1960 I0 / mahopAdhyAya, vinayasAgara-zAsana prabhAvaka AcArya jinaprabha aura unakA sAhitya, bIkAnera, 1975 I0 /

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306 sahAyaka granthasUcI mAthura, vijayendrakumAra - aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, dillI, 1969 I0 / mirAzI, vI0 vI0 - vAkATaka rAjavaMza kA itihAsa aura abhilekha, vArANasI, 1964 I0 / kalcurI nareza aura rAjatva unakA kAla, bhopAla, vi0 saM0 2022 / mukarjI, Ara0 ke0 - candragupta maurya eNDa hija TAimsa, tRtIya saMskaraNa, vArANasI, 1960 I0 / muni kalyANavijaya - prabandha pArijAta, jAlaura, 1966 I0 / vIranirvANasamvat aura jainakAlagaNanA, jAlaura, vi0 saM0 1987 / muni kAntisAgara - khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava, vArANasI, 1959 I0 / khoja kI pagaDaMDiyAM, vArANasI, 1953 I0 / muni jayantavijaya - AbU, bhAga 1, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1985 / arbuda prAcIna jaina lekha saMdoha, (AbU, bhAga 2 ), ujjaina, vi0 saM0 1994 / acalagar3ha, ( AbU, bhAga 3 ) bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2004 / arbudAcalapradakSiNA ( AbU, bhAga-4) bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2004 / arbudAcala pradakSiNA jaina lekha saMdoha ( AbU, bhAga 5 ) bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2005 / zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha ( bhAga 1-2 ) bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2003 / pUrva bhAratanI jaina tIrtha bhUmio, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 2007 / muni vizAlavijaya - muNDasthala mahAtIrtha, bhAvanagara / muMzI0 ke0 } 0 ema0 - da glorI daiTa vAja gUrjara deza, bhAga 1-2 bambaI, 1955 I0 / gujarAta eNDa iTsa liTarecara, dvitIya saMskaraNa, bambaI, 1954 I0 /

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 307 musalagAMvakara, vi0 bhA0 -AcArya hemacandra, bhopAla, 1971 I0 / mehatA, mohanalAla-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3.4, vArANasI, 1967-68 ii0| mehatA, mohanalAla tathA candrA, ke0 Ara-saMpA0 prAkRta prApara nemsa, bhAga 1-2 ahamadAbAda, 1970-72 I0 / motI candra - 'kucha jaina anuzrutiyA~ aura purAtattva' premI abhinandana grantha ( TIkamagar3ha, 1946 I0) pR0 229-249 / ___ - sArthavAha, paTanA, dvi0 saM0, 1966 I0 / yAjadAnI, jI0-- da arlI hisTrI oNpha Dakana ( hindI anuvAda ) naI dillI, 1977 ii0| rAmacandran, TI0 ena0--jaina mAnumeMTsa eNDa plesa oNpha pharsTaklAsa impATenTsa, kalakattA, 1944 ii0| rAyacaudharI, pI0 sI0- jainijma ina bihAra, paTanA, 1956 I0 / rAyacaudharI, hemacandra-bhArata varSa kA rAjanaitika itihAsa, ilAhA bAda, 1978 I0 / lAhA, vimalAcaraNa- iNDiyA aija DiskrAibDa ina arlI TeksTa Apha buddhijma eNDa jainijma, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vArANasI, 1981 ii0| mAnumenTsa oNpha iNDiyA, kalakattA, 1944 I0 / sama jaina kainAnikala sUtrAja, bambaI, 1949 I0 / 'sTaDIja ina vividhatIrthakalpa' jaina enTIkverI jilda 5, aMka 4, pR0 109 aura aage| lyUDarsa eca0 - 'sama insakRpsansa aiTa da Tempula oNpha neminAtha eTa mAuMTa AbU' epigrAphiyA iNDikA, jilda 7, pR0 200 229 / virajI, ke0 je0- ainazeMTa hisTrI oNpha saurASTra, bambaI, 1952 I0 / zarmA, dazaratha-'pRthvIrAja cauhAna aura unakA rAjatva kAla', jayapura, 1972 ii0| - sTaDANa

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vAra sannI 308 sahAyaka granthasUcI zarmA, dazaratha --- rAjasthAna tho da ejeja, bIkAnera, 1966 I0 / zarmA, bRjendranAtha -jaina pratimAyeM, dillI, 1979 I0 / zarmA, rAjakumAra-madhyapradeza ke purAtattva kA sandarbha grantha, bhopAla, 1974 ii0| zarmA, esa0 Ara0-jainijma eNDa karNATaka kalcara, dhAravAr3a, 1940 ii0| zAstrI, ke0 e0 ena0--hisTrI oNpha sAutha iNDiyA, (hindI anu vAda) paTanA, 1972 ii0|| ___ - saMpA0-da eja oNpha nandAja eNDa mauryAja, dvi0 saM0, vArANasI, 1967 ii0| zAstrI, kailAzacandra-jaina dharma, mathurA, vIra sambat 2474 / __ - jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA, vArANasI, vIra samvat 2489 / - dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma, vArANasI, 1967 I0 / zAstrI, durgAzaMkara-gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, (bhAga 1-2), ahamadAbAda, 1952 I0 / zAstrI, devendramuni-- bhagavAn pAva, eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pUnA 1969 I0 / zAstrI nemicandra -AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhaar| vArAgI, 1968 ii0| zAstrI, paramAnanda-'madhya bhArata kA jaina purAtattva' muni hajArImala smRti grantha, (vyAvara, 1965 I0), pR0 698-712 / zAstrI, hari prasAda - maitraka kAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 1-2 ahamadAbAda, 1955 ii0| zAstrI, harizaMkara prabhAzaMkara --'janAgar3ha myUjiyamanA keTalAka aprakA zita zilAlekho' svAdhyAya, jilda 1, aMka 4, pR0 429 431 / zApenTiyara, je0-'da hisTrI oNpha da jainsa, da kaimbrija hisTrI oNpha

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jainatIrtho kA aitihAsika adhyayana iNDiyA, jilda 1 ( ainveMTa iNDiyA ) raipsana, dvitIya bhAratIya punarmudraNa, dillI 134 151 / zAha, ambAlAla pI0 - jaina tIrthaM sarvasaMgraha ( bhAga 1, ( khaMDa 1-2 ) bhAga 2 ) ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 2010 / 309 saMpA - I0 je0 1962 I0, pR0 'sama jaina i sakRpsansa eNDa imejeja oNpha mAunTa zatruMjaya', zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubalI vAlyUma, ( bambaI, 1968 ), jilda 1, pR0 162 169 / zAha, yU0pI0 - e pArzvanAtha skalpacara ina klIvalaiMDa' da buleTina oNpha da kvIvalaiMDa myUjiyama oNpha ArTa, disambara 1970 I0, pR0 303-311 / suvarNa bhUmi meM kAlakAcArya, vArANasI, 1955 I0 / sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, vArANasI, 1955 I0 : zAha, sI0 je0 - uttara hindustAnamAM jaina dharma, bambaI, 1937 I0 / sarakAra, DI0 sI0 - saM0 relijana eNDa kalcara oNpha da jainsa, kalakattA, 1973 / sTaDIja ina jyogrAphI oNpha ainzeMTa eNDa miDavala iNDiyA, dvitIya saMskaraNa, dillI, 1978 I0 / selekTa insa kRpsansa bhAga 1, dvitIya saMskaraNa, kalakattA, 1965 I0 / sAMkaliyA, eca0 DI0 - ArkiyolAjo oNpha gujarAta, bambaI, 1941 I0 / sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla - jaina Agama sAhityamA gujarAta, ahamadAbAda, 1952 I0 / mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maMDala aura saMskRta sAhitya meM usakA yogadAna, vArANasI, 1959 I0 / sAleTora, bI0 e0 - miDuvala jainijma, dhAravAr3a, 1938 I0 / sikadara, je0 sI0 - sTaDIja ina bhagavatI sUtra, vaizAlI, 1964 I0 /

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310 sahAyaka granthasUcI siMha, je0 pI0-AspekTsa oNpha arlI jainijma, vArANasI, 1972 ii0|| siMha, Ara0 bI0 pI0-jainijma ina arlI miDavala karNATaka, dillI, 1975 ii0| siMha, harihara-jaina Tempulsa, oNpha vesTarna iNDiyA, vArANasI, 1982 ii0| sUri, vijayadharma-saMpA0 prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1978 / seTha, sI0 bI0-jainijma ina gujarAta, bambaI, 1953 I0 / saina, madhu --e kalcarala sTaDI oNpha nizIthacUNi, vArANasI, 1975 ii0| somapurA, ke0 epha0-sTrakcarala Tempulsa oNpha gujarAta, ahamadAbAda, 1968 ii0| saMghave, vI0 e0-jaina kamyUniTo, bambaI, 1959 I0 / - da sekreDa zravaNabelagolA, naI dillI, 1982 I0 / smitha, vI0 e0-jaina stUpa eNDa adara ainTIkviTIja oNpha mathurA, punarmudrita, vArANasI, 1969 I0 / handIkI, ke0 ke0-yazastilaka eNDa iNDiyana kalcara (dvitIya saMska ___ raNa), zolApura, 1968 I0 /

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akArAdi krama-sUcI 139 1. muni-AcAryAdi sUcI Asimitra (caturthanihnava) 137, akampita (mahAvIra ke 8veM gaNa indradattaupAdhyAya 112 dhara) 137, 140 indrarakSita 47 acalabhrAtA 77 utpala (pApityIyamuni) 27 ajitaprabhasUri 56 udayakIrti 144, 151, 189 ajitasenAcArya 112 udayakIrti (di0 muni evaM granthaannikAputrAcArya 95, 129 ___kAra) 278, 284 abhayatilakasUri (granthakAra) 56 abhayadevasUri (navAGgIvRttikAra) udayaprabhasUri 54, 241 udyotanasUri 33, 49 75, 78, 262-63 umAsvAmI 130, 132 abhayadevasUri (maladhAragacchIya) ubvaTa (Ayurveda ke bhASyakAra) 224, 225, 226, 277 amaracandrasUri 54 237 amitagati (jainaAcArya) 38 RSigupta 46 arisiMha (kavi) 241 kakkasUri (upakezagacchIya) 58, avantisukumAla 153 78, 183, 255, 227 Atreya (vaidika paramparA ke dArza- kakkasUri [koraMTagacchIya] 199 nika) 273 kamalaprabhasUri (pUrNimAgacchIya)59 AmradevasUri 256 kapila (vaidika paramparA ke mahAna AryakhapuTAcArya 231 ___ dArzanika) 273 AryamaMgu ( zvetAmbara AcArya ) / kapila (svayaMbuddha) 112, 114 99, 280 karNATabhaTTa divAkara 153 AryamahAgiri 172 kAlaka (jaina AcArya) 32 AryarakSita 134, 169, 170 kAlakAcArya 159, 273-75 Aryasamudra ( zvetAmbara AcArya) kAlavezikamuni 99 280 kIrtivarmA 161

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268 312 akArAdi krama sUcI kubera yakSa (mallinAtha kA yakSa) jagacandrasUri (tapAgacchIya) 55 137 jajjigasUri 202 kumAragupta 'prathama' 173 jayaghoSa 105, 107 kumudacandra 52 jayacandramUri 54, 57 kulacandradeva (digambara AcArya) jayavijaya 144 jayasAgara 144 kRSNarSi 167 jayasAgara (zve0 muni, granthakAra) kezIkumAra 27, 112, 113 104 kauzikArya 126, 128 jayasiMhamUri 167, 225, 227 kSullakakumAra 112 jAmAli 112, 114 kSemakIttiri 57 jinakuzalasUri 60, 239 khapuTAcArya 214 jinadatta 99 gardabhilla 32 jinadattasUri 60 gAMgeya 27 jinadattasUri (vAyaDagacchIya) 251 guNakIrti 144, 151 jinadAsagaNimahattara 49 guNakIrti (di0 muni evaM granthakAra) jinadevasUri (kharataragacchIya) 16 278, 284 jinapAla 227 guNacandra (digambara muni) 39 jinaprabhasUri 2 guNabhadra (digambara AcArya) 82 jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa 49 govindasUri 36, 51, 245 jinamaNDanagaNi 203 goSThAmihila 171 jinamaNDanasUri 200 gozramaNa 173 jinavardhanasUri 144 gautamagaNadhara 112, 113 jinasiMhasUri (laghukharataragaccha ke caNDapradyota 170, 172 pravartaka) 15 candanabAlA 90, 91, 128 jinasena 50 candanA (sAdhvI) 126 candratilakasUri (kharataragacchIya) jinasena (di0 jaina AcArya) 35 jinasena (di0 bhaTTAraka) 268 candrasUri 280 jinaharSagaNi 158, 213, 215, candrasUri (maladhAragacchIya) 39 235, 241, 259 citrAMgadasoriyA 157 jinezvarasUri 51, 57

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jainatIyoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 313 jinezvarasUri (kharataragacchIya) dharasenAcArya 47 56. 57 dharmaghoSa (muni) 105 jJAnacandrasUri (dharmaghoSagacchIya) dharmaghoSasUri 21, 55, 219 dharmavoSasUri (tapagacchIya) 55,57, jJAnasAgara 144. 146 254, 256 jJAnasAgara (diga0 mani evaM grantha- dharmaghoSasUri (rAjagacchIya) 39, kAra) 281 195, 196 dharmatilakasari 57 Thakkarapheru 59 tosalIputra 170 dharmaruci 86, 88 daNDI 247 dharmaruci (jainamuni) 105 durbalikapuSyamitra 99, 002, dharmasAgara 196 devacandra (tapagacchIyasAdhu) 55,56 dharmasiMhasUri 178 devaprabhasUri 56, 82 dhRtapuSyamitra 99, 102 devaprabhasUri (maladhAragacchIya) nandazrI (sAdhvI) 105 258 nanna sUri 35, 245 devabhadrasUri (kharataragacchIya) 214 nami (pratyekabuddha) 137 devaddhigaNikSamAzramaNa 248 nayanandI 28 devasena (di0 jaina muni) 38 naracandrasUri 54, 57 devANaMdasUri (maladhAragacchIya) narendraprabhari 54 225, 227 nAgArjunasUri 248 devendrakIti (bhaTTAraka) 162 / nAgArjuna (suprasiddha rasAyanajJa) devendrasUri 75, 78, 79 262 devendrasUri tapagacchIya) 57 nAgendrasUri 280 devendrasUri ( nAgendragacchIya )79, nivRnasUri 280 nemicandra (digambara AcArya) 61 dhanapAla (kavi) 203 204 dhanapAla (jaina muna) 38 padmazekharasUri (rudrapallIya gacchIdhanezvara (jaina AcArya) 38 yamuni) 16 dhanezvarasUri 240 paramadevasUri (pUrNimAgacchIya dhanezvarasUri (nANAvAlagacchIya) AcArya) 54 paramAnandasUri 56

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39 314 akArAdi krama-sUcI pANini 247 bhAvavijaya ( zvetAmbara muni evaM pAdalipta (AcArya) 253, 254 ___granthakAra ) 279 pAdaliptasUri 214 bhRkuTiyakSa ( naminAtha kA yakSa) puSpacUla 166 137 puSpacUlA 166 bhUtabali ( di0 muni) 47 puSpadanta (digambara AcArya) 82 bhUtAnanda 82 puSpadanta (muni) 47 madanakIrti 9, 151, 189, 277 pUrgakalaza (granthakAra) 56 madanacandrasUri ( baDagacchIya) 57 pRthvIcandrasUri (dharmaghoSagacchIya) manu 63 mallavAdisUri 248 peDhAlaputra 27 mallisenasari 57 pratipadAcArya 130 mallisenasUri ( nAgendragacchIya pratiSThAsoma 233 muni ) 16 pradyumnasUri 57 mahAgiri 130, 132, 133, prabodhacandragaNi 57 prabhAcandrasUri (rAjagacchIya) 57, mahAsena (jaina AcArya ) 38 mahendrasUri 51 100, 213 mahendrasUri (aMcalagacchIya) 198, prabhAcandrAcArya 155 213, 215 prabhAsa (gaNadhara) 142 mahendrasUri ( nANAvAlagacchIya ) bappabhaTTisUri 35, 49, 50, 99 bala (harikezabala) 108 mAMDalika (kavi) 255 bAlacandrasari 54, 245 mANikyacandrasUri ( rAjagacchIya ) bAlacandrasUri ( nAgendragacchIya ) 54 municandra 27, 197 bhadrabAhu 29, 41, 46, 64, 65, munidevasUri (vaDagacchIya) 57 84, 130, 133, 245 muniprabhasUri 280 bhadrabAhu 'dvitIya' 236, 287 muniratnasUri (pUrNimAgacchIya) bhadrAcArya 173 bhadrezvarasUri 154 munisundarasUri (tapagacchIya) 55, bhAnukIrti ( di0 muni evaM grantha- 190, 246 kAra ) 278 munIzvarasUri 21 194 265

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jainatIrthoM ko aitihAsika adhyayana 315 mRgAvatI 90, 91 varAGga (di0 muni) 234 merutuMga 154 vardhamAnasUri 51, 244 merutaMgasari (nAgendragacchIya) 59, vasahapuSyamitra 99, 102 213 vAdidevasUri 52, 212 yativRSabha 29, 66 vAdidevasUri (vaDagacchIya) 196 yazodeva granthakAra) 56 vAdirAja 82 yazobhadrasUri 184 vijayaghoSa 105, 107 yazobhadrasUri ( brahmANagacchIya) vijayacandra (tapagacchIyasAdhu) 55 209 vijayasiMhasUri ( nAgendragacchIya ) yAjJavalkya 63 217, 230, 266 ratnaprabhasUri (bRhadgacchIya) 214 vijayasenasUri 54, 233 ratnaprabhAcArya (pUrNimApakSIya) 59 vidyAtilaka ( rudrapallIyagaccha ke ratnamaMDanagaNi 55 muni) 60 ratnamaMdiragaNi 196 vidyAtilakasUri 21 raviseNa 96 vidyAtila kasUri (kharataragacchIya) rAjazekharasUri (maladhAragacchIya) 16, 59, 225 vidyAdharasUri 280 rAmagupta 173 vidyAnandasUri (tapagacchIya) 57 rupyakumbha svarNakumbha 125 vinayacandrasUri 57 rudraka 126, 128 vinayaprabhaupAdhyAya 280 lakSmItilaka (granthakAra) 56 vimalayaza 166 lakSmItilakasUri (kharataragacchIya) vimalasari 200, 201 bIraprabhasUri 56 lAvaNyasamaya (tapagacchIyaAcArya) vIrasenAcArya 47 277 vRddhavAdIsUri 153 vaGkacUla 166-167 varuTyAdevI (mallinAtha kI yakSI) vajranandi (di. jaina AcArya) 43 137 vajrasena (prasiddha zve0 AcArya) zayyaMbhavasUri 126 280 zAntisari 270, 271 vajrasvAmI 130, 132-33 zAMtisUri (nANakIyagaccha ke pravabaradatta (di0 muni0) 234 rtaka) 194

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19 316 akArAdi krama-sUcI zAntisUri (vAdivetAla) 51 siddhasenasUri (nANAvAlagacchIya) zAli bhadradhannA RSi 140-141 194 zIlaguNasUri 49 sudhAtilaka ( maladhAragacchIya ) zIlabhadrasUri (rAjagacchIya) 195 zIlavijaya 145, 246 sumatisAgara (di0 muni evaM granthazIlavijaya (zvetAmbara muni evaM kAra) 284 / granthakAra) 277, 279, 284 susthitAcArya 130 zIlAnAcArya 258 . suhasti 46, 130, 132.133, zubhacandrasiddhAntadeva (di0 AcArya) 135, 172 268 sUrAcArya 51 zubhazIlagaNi 155 somacandrasari 57 zrIcandrasUri 214 somatilakasUri ( rudrapallIya zrItilakasUri 16 gacchIya) 60 saMghatilakasUri 19, 155 somatilakasUri (kharataragacchIya) saMghatilakasUri (rudrapallIyagaccha ke eka muni) 16, 60 somatilakasUri (tapagacchIya) 59 saMghadAsagaNi 100 somadevasUri 100, 247 . satIsubhadrA 126 somadharmagaNi 213 somadharmasUri 178, 196 sarvadevasUri (koraMTagacchIya) 199 somaprabhasUri 57, 119, 213, sarvANaMdasUri (pUrNimAgacchIyamuni) 274, 279 54, 259 somasundarasUri 233 sarvAnandasUri (sudharmAgacchIya) 56 somasena 144 sAgaradatta (di0 muni) 234 somezvara (kavi) 241 sAgaranandisiddhAntadeva ( digambara saubhAgyavijaya 145, 146 ____ AcArya) 268 skandAcArya 112 siMhatilakasUri 57 skandilasUri 248 siMhanandi (jaina AcArya ) 43 sthUlabhadra 129, 132, 134 siddha senadivAkara 83, 153-154, haMsasoma 144 157-158 haribhadra 49 siddhasenasari 201, 228, 237, hariSeNa 50, 100, 127 243, 280 hemacandra 52, 82

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 317 hemacandrasari 213 rAjagaccha 39 hemacandrasari ( pUrNatallagacchIya) rudrapallIyagaccha 16, 60 56, 240, 245, 258, 265 vAyaDagaccha 251 hemacandrasUri ( maladhAragacchIya) vIrazaiva (zaivadharma kA eka sampra___39, 224, 225, 258 dAya 286 hemahaMsasUri 201 sodhativAlagaccha 200, 201 saurASTrikA zAkhA 46 harSapurIyagaccha 16, 224 2-gaNa-gancha upakezagaccha 183 kAzahadagaccha 223 kharataragaccha 15, 165 canderIpaTTa 162 candrakula 209, 263 candragaccha 209 jJAnakIyagaccha 194 draviNasaMgha 43 dharmaghoSagaccha 39 nANakIyagaccha 194 nANagaccha 194 nANAgaccha 194 nANAvAlagaccha 194 nAgendragaccha 16 nirgranthadharma 28 nirgranthasaMgha 30 punnATasaMgha 50 pustakagaccha 268 praznavAhanakula 224 brahmANagaccha 209 maladhAragaccha 39, 225 mUlasaMgha 268 3-grantha nAma ajitazAntilaghustava 57 atharvaveda 61, 62 anuyogadvAra 171 abhayakumAracarita 57 aSTotarItIrthamAlA 8, 198, 213-15, 280 Aina-e-akabarI 162 AcArAMganiyukti 65, 85 AdipurANa 111 AvazyakacUNi 30, 77, 78, 85, 87, 88, 91, 92, 96, 107, 108, 113,118,119, 127, 128, 131 133, 139, 142, 143, 169-71, 275 AvazyakaTIkA 97 Avazyakaniyukti 28, 65, 75, 76, 81, 87,95, 97, 104, 105, 107, 108, 113, 126-27, 139, 142-43, 169

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318 akArAdi krama-sUcI AvazyakabhASya 114 / ___ kalpapradIpa 2 AvazyakasUtravRtti ( malayagiri) kalpaprAbhata 254 113-14, 118, 144 kalpasatra 46, 81, 82, 101, uttarapurANa 82, 92, 113, 143 116, 126-27, 138, uttarAdhyayanacUrNI 88, 107, 236. 248 114, 127 kalpasUtraTippana 39 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 107, 114 kalpasUtravRtti 32 uttarAdhyayanavRtti ( kamalasaMyama) kalpasUtravRtti (dharmasAgara) 118 119 kalpasUtravatti (vinayavijaya)118, uttarAdhyayanavRtti ( zAMtisUri ) 127 132 kalyANamaMdirastotra 82 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 85, 88, 106-8, kalyANamaMdirastotraTIkA 155 113-17 kItikaumudI 8, 9, 241 upakezagacchagurvAvalI 184 kumArapAlaprabandha 210, 213 upakezagacchacaritra 183 kuvalayamAlA 34 upakezagacchapaTTAvalI 184 kuvalayamAlAkahA 33 upadezataraMgiNI 55, 178, 196, kSetrasamAsa 59 242 kharataragacchapaTTAvalI 51, 227 upadezaprAsAda 155 kharataragacchabRhadgurvAvalI 14, 15, upadezamAlAvRtti 214 239 upadezasaptati 14, 15, 196, gaNitAnuyoga 171 213 giranArakalpa 219 upadezasaptatikA 178 gItA 63 upadezasaptazatI 277 gurvAvalI 190, 246 Rgveda 61 gommaTasAra 67 ekAkSaranAmamAlA 59 caupannamahApuruSacariyaM 258 aitareyabrAhmaNa 87 candraprabhacarita 56. 79, 80 oghaniyuktivRtti 116 caraNAnuyoga 171 kathAnuyoga 171 caityavandana 9 kathAvalI 154-55 caityavaMdanakulakavRtti 60 kathAsaritsAgara 247 jagaDUcarita mahAkAvya 54, 259

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyaya 319 jambUdvIpaprajJapti 77 dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNavRtti 225 jayatihuaNastotra 262 dharmopadezamAlAvRtti 57 (zrI) jinacandrasUriakabarabratibo- nAgahRdapArzvanAthastotra 190 dharAsa 201 nAbhinandanajinoddhAraprabandha 58, jJAtAdharmakathA 27, 47,81, 138, 78, 79, 183, 239, 255, 141, 143 257 tattvArthasUtra 130 nAradIyapurANa 63 tapagacchapaTTAvalI 55, 196 nirvANakANDa 9, 144, 189,234 taraMgiNIvRtti 60 nirvANabhakti 143 tiloyapaNNatti 8 nizIthacUrgI 32, 65, 77, 78, tiloyapaNNatI 28, 29, 66, 67, 96, 132, 170 77, 92, 104, 107, 113, neminAhacariya 258 116, 119, 126, 133. paumacariu 111, 125 138, 142, 143 padmapurANa 63, 77, 92, 96,124, tIrthajayamAlA 9 228 tIrthamAlAcaityavandana 207 pariziSTaparva 96, 131-132 tIrthayAtrAstavana 280 paryuSaNakalpaTippanaka 39 tIrthayAtrAstotra 239 pANDavacaritamahAkAvya 258 tIrthavandana 9 pArzvanAthacarita 82 tIrthavandanA 108, 109. 189 puNDarIkacarita 59 vizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 82,213 purAtanapravandhasaMgraha 154-55,159, dazanasAra 38 178, 195-96, 213, 217dazakumAracarita 228, 247 19, 222-23, 229, 232, dazavakAlikacUrNI 88 240-44, 249-51, 263 dazavaikAlikasUtra 126 pRthvIrAjarAso 162 dravyAnuyoga 171 pethar3arAsa 255 dharmaratnaTIkA 56 prajJApanAsUtra 116 dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvya 9, 241 prabandhakoza 154-55, 167-168, dharmopadezamAlA 56 178, 217, 229-30, 245 dharmopadezamAlAlAvivaraNa 96, 248, 251, 263, 280 131, 167 prabandhacintAmaNi 59, 154-55,

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320 akArAdi krama-sUco 159, 210-11, 213-14, 107, 116, 119, 138, 218-19, 222, 226, 228, 142-43 232, 240-41, 248-49, vasantavilAsamahAkAvya 245,266 255, 263 vastupAlacarita 178, 213, 215, prabandhapaJcazatI 14, 15 235, 241, 259, 263 prabhAvakacarita 35, 36, 100, vAstusAra 59 154, 213-14, 219, 222, vArAhapurANa 63 229, 232, 239, 244, vikramacarita 155 248, 250-51, 263 vicArazreNI 210 pravacanaparIkSA 210 vicArasUtra 59 prAkRtadvayAzraya 56 vidyAnanda (vyAkaraNagrantha) 57 prAkRtadvayAzrayakAvya 240 vidhimArgaprapA 239 prAkRtadvayAzrayavRtti 225 vividhatIrthakalpa 2 buddhacaryA 64 vivekavilAsa 251 bRhatkathAkoza 29, 50, 100, vizeSAvazyakabhASya 119, 139, 127, 133 248 bRhatkalpabhASya 100, 125 vIrakalpa 60 brahmapurANa 63 vRddhAcAryaprabandhAvalI 15, 252 bhagavatIsUtra 27, 111, 120 / zatruJjayakalpa 254, 256 matsyapurANa 63 zatruJjayaprakAza 242 mahAparinibbAnasutta 64 zatruJjayamahAtmya 240 mahAbhArata 63, 82, 85, 95, zAntinAthacarita 56, 57, 223 98, 161 zAsanacatustrizikA 9, 151, mahAnizIthasUtra 99-100 189, 278 yazastilakacampU 100 zrAvakadinakRtya 56 yugapradhAnAcAryagurvAvalI 229 SaTkhaNDAgama 47, 66 rAmAyaNa 95, 98 SaTdarzanasUtraTIkA 60 raivaMtagirirAsu 9 217, 230 / SaTzItiprakaraNavRtti 227 lokavibhAga 43 saMgItopaniSad 59 vArAGgacarita 77, 93, 104, saMdohadohAvalI 57

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321 jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana saMskRtadvayAzrayaTIkA 56 adbhudajI 191 sakalatIrthastotra 8, 228-29, anantanAtha 22, 75-76 237, 243, 250, 280 abhicaMdra (kulakara) 76 satyapuramahAvIrajinotsAha 8, 203 abhinandanadeva 21, 75-76, 150saptatisthAnaka 59 152 samarArAsu 256 ambikAdevI 208, 273 samavAyAGgasUtra 85 aranAtha 22, 117-20, 124 samyakatvasaptazatikATIkA 155 ariSTanemi 257 sukRtakIrtikallolinI 9, 210 alAupArzvanAtha 190 sukRtasaMkIrtana 8, 9, 210, 241 avantipArzvanAtha 160 avantidezasthaabhinandanadeva 150 sukRtasAgara 55 azvamitra 85, 87 sudarzanacarita 38, 56 AdinAtha 21, 48, 96, 154, sUtrakRtAGgacUrNI 243 156, 220, 222-23, 230sUtrakRtAGgavRtti 116, 243 231, 250, 253, 265 somasaubhAgyakAvya 233 AmarakuNDapadmAvatIdevI 267 skandapurANa 243, 251 indra 63, 283 sthAnAGgavRtti 271 RSabhadeva 75-76, 78, 8, 95, syAdvAdaratnAkara 212 / 97, 117-18, 122, 143, hammIramadamardanakAvya 266 149, 246, 253 harivaMzapUrANa 35, 50, 91, 92, kakkhama (kulakara) 76 96, 104, 107, 113, kadalAlayadevI (vaidika paramparA 116, 124, 126, 138, kI devI) 282 143, 249 kapardIyakSa 216, 253, 273 hitopadezamAlA 56 kandA 103 4-devatAdi kamaTha 81-83 karakaNDu (pratyekabuddha) 127 agni 63 kinnara (yakSa) 103 acalezvaramahAdeva 176-77 kuMDagezvara 153, 158-59 ajitanAtha 21, 75-76, 160, kuMDagezvaraRSabhadeva 156 164, 231, 233-34, 253 kuMDugezvaranAbheyadeva 150, 153

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322 akArAdi krama-sacI kuMDugezvarapArzva 156 jIvantasvAmIRSabhadeva 280 kuNDigezvara 159 tArAdevI (bauddhadevI) 231 kunthunAtha 117-20, 123, 262 tiSyagupta 87 kulpAkamANikyadeva 267, 281, dharaNendra 83-84 283 dharmanAtha 22, 103 kRSNa (navam vAsudeva) 47, 85, nandivardhana 175 123 naminAtha 22, 124, 137-38, kezIgaNadhara 198 140, 190 kokAvasatipArzvanAtha 174, 224- namuci 118-19 225 nAbhi (kulakara) 76 kauDinya 85, 86 nArada 253 gaMga 87 neminAtha 22, 46, 47, 52, 67, gomukhayakSa 75, 80, 175 216-17,239, 253, 261 gommaTadeva 287 padmaprabha 21,90 gommaTezvarabAhubali 267, 286- padmAvatIdevI 163, 281 287 parazurAma 118-19 goSThAmihila 87 paseNIya (kulakara) 76 gautamasvAmI 86 pArzvanAtha 3, 22, 27, 47-48, ghaNTAkarNamahAvIra 285 81-82, 84, 105-6, 109cakrAyudha ( zAMtinAtha ke prathama 110, 112-13, 126, 152, gaNadhara ) 123 155, 163, 166, 173, cakrezvarIdevI 75, 253 183-84, 189, 195-96, candraprabha 21, 92, 94, 240, 200, 224-25, 250, 254, 242, 247, 270 257, 265, 276 cellaNadeva 181 pIpalAdevI 182 cellaNapArzvanAtha 167 puNDarIkasvAmI 253 jarAsandha (prativAsudeva) 257 pratyekabuddha 86, 126 jasama (kulakara) 76 prativAsudeva 257 jAmAli 87 phalavaddhikAdevI 195 jIvantasvAmI 63, 159, 170, bAhubali 117-19, 253 172, 192 buddha 89, 98, 111

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana bRhaspati 63 brahmazAMtiyakSa 202, 245 bhagavAn mahAvIra 17, 28 bharata cakravartI 118, 253, 283 mattagayaMdakSa 75 marudeva ( kulakara) 76 marudevI 217 mallinAtha 22, 124, 137-38, vIrabrahma 62 140, 285 mahAkAlAntarapAtAlacakravartI 156 zaMbara 82 zakrendra 75 mahAdeva 198 mahApadma 118, 119 mahAlakSmI 269 mahAvIra 3, 22, 27, 47-48, 85-91, 111-13, 122 - 123, 126, 135, 137, 166-67, 170, 179, 183, 185-86, 191-92, 198, 202, 207, 229, 238, 243-44, 246, 250, 252 - 253 mANikyasvAmI 283 munisuvrata 22, 11, 141, 208, 212, 241, 273, 276 rAma 253, 270 rAvaNa 270, 276, 283, 286 lakSmaNa 270 varuNa 63 vaziSTha 176 vAsudeva 257 vAsupUjya 22, 125-27, 143 videha (janaka) 137-38 videhaputra 122 videhasukumAra 122 vindhyavAsinIdevI 111 vimalanAtha 22, 85-86, 261 vimalavAhana 76 viSNu 63, 119, 270 zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha 257 323 zAntinAtha 22, 45, 117-20, 123, 164, 190, 223, 253 zItalanAtha 21, 15, 145 zobhanAtha 115 zrIgupta 111 zrIpadma (AThaveM baladeva) 200 zrIpuraantarikSapArzvanAtha 276 zrImAtA 175-76 zreyAMsanAtha 21, 110, 117, 253, 261 sanatkumAra 118-19 sambhavanAtha 21, 111-12, 114115, 252 sItA 270 supArzvanAtha 21, 98, 105-6, 110 sumatinAtha 21, 75-76, 207 suvidhinAtha 21 suvratanAtha 124

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324 akArAdi krama-sUcI subhUma 118-19 indradatta (purohita) 99, 102 somanAtha 202 irugappa 45 iltutmiza 152, 190 5. rAjA-zrAvakAdi udayana 254, 265 akabara 259 udAyana 91 ajayapAla 53. 205, 209 udAyI 28, 129. 131 ajayarAja 39 ulagakhAna 202, 205 ajAtazatru 28, 128, 131 kaMsa 98 abhayA (rAnI) 130 kakakUka 180 amarasiMha 191 kaniSka 101 amoghavarSa 'prathama' 42 karNadeva 202, 209, 211, 214 arAsandha 140-42 karNa 126, 128 arisiMha 53 arjunadeva 209 kalki 132 arNorAja 39 kANhadeva 199 alapakhAna 256 kAmadeva 126, 128 alAuddIna khilajI 114 15,179, kArtika zreSThI 118, 120 203, 205, 211, 256, kAzyapa (purohita) 112, 114 259 kuNika 126, 128-29, 142 avantiputra 98 kutubuddIna aibaka 224, 226-27 azoka 31, 64, 130, 132, kuntI 270 279 kumAragupta 34 azvasena 105 kumArapAla 52, 53, 75, 154, ahamadazAha 260 176, 220, 231 234, Ama (gvAliyaranareza) 35, 99, 240, 250.51, 254, 263, 253-54 Ammar3a 216, 232 kuru (nRpa) 117-18 AmrabhaTTa 212, 214 kRtavarmA 85 AryarakSita 99, 102 kRSNadevarAya 45 AlhaNa 205 kRSNa 'dvitIya' 221 indra 'caturtha' 278 kozA (gaNikA) 133

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jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 325 kSemarAja (cApotkaTavaMzIya rAjA) jayabhaTTa 'prathama (cApotkaTavaMzIya209.11 zAsaka) 49 khAravela 29, 31 gaMgadatta 118, 120 jayasiMhasiddharAja (caulukyasamrATa) gaNapatideva (kAkatIyanareza) 282- 51-53, 209, 214, 216, 283 218, 224-26, 235, 258, gaNDarAditya (zilAhAravaMzIya- 265 rAjA) 268 jayasiMha (paramAranareza ) 151gayAsuddInatugalaka 215 152 gardabhillaaNagAra 85 jasavatI 85 guNadhara (zreSThI) 222 jAvar3a 253-54 guNarAja (zreSThI) 207 jitazatru 112, 114, 132, 273 gotiputra 101 jinacandra 57 govinda 'tRtIya' (rASTrakUTavaMzIya- jetalA 265 rAjA) 264 jesalazAha 58 caNDapradyota (ujjayinI nareza) jaisiMha 266 jogarAja 209-10 caNDasiMha 176 candraguptamaurya 29, 31, 130, jhAMjhar3a 55 133, 287 Thakkuraacala 17 candragupta vikramAditya 34 dadda 'dvitIya' (cApotkaTavaMzIya candradeva (gahar3avAlazAsaka) 80, zAsaka) 49 dadhivAhana 126, 128 cANakya 130 dazaratha 77, 200 cAmuNDarAja (caulukyavaMzIyazAsaka) dumuha 88 51, 209, 211 durjanazAla 259 cAhar3a 211 durlabharAja (caulakyazAsaka) 51, jagar3azAha 54 jagasiMha 16 tejapAla 176, 179, 215.17, jayatugI 152 238, 241 jayadAmana (kSatrapavaMzIya zAsaka) tevaNIputra 101 toramANa (hUNanareza) 33

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326 akArAdi krama sUcI tribhuvanapAla (caulukyavaMzIya pAlitta (zreSThI) 126, 128 zAsaka) 211 pAlhaNaputra (kavi) 54 trizalA 122 piMDhara 85 depAla 217 piNDimakuNDirAja ( kAkatIya devadattA 130, 134 zAsaka ) 282 devarAya 'prathama' 45 pulakezina 'dvitIya' 42 devarAya dvitIya' 45 puSpacUlA 129 dezala 54 pRthvIdevI 105 drupada 86 pRthvIrAja 'prathama' 39 draupadI 88 pethar3azAha 16. 54-55, 190, dharasena 'dvitIya' (maitrakavaMzIya 242, 253, 272 ___zAsaka) 228 pratAparudradeva 282 dharmadatta 132 prabhAvatI 137 dhAMdhala 191, 195, 199 priyadarzanA 112 dhAriNIdevI 112 prola 'dvitIya' 282 prollarAja (kAkatIya zAsaka) dhruvasena 48 dhruvasena 'prathama' 236, 248 282 dhravasena 'dvitIya' 221 bhaugolika nAma sUcI dhruvasena 'tRtIya' 220 nanda 105, 107 (ka) nagara-grAmAdi nandarAja 31 aMgadikA 21 navadhana 218 aGga janapada 125 nAgAditya 189 aujjhA 75 nAgabhaTTa 'dvitIya' (pratihAra ajamera 39 zAsaka ) 35 ajArI 174, 207 nAgAvaloka 35 ajAharA 22, 70, 170, 207 nAnaka (kavi) 53 aNahillapura 70, 174, 208, nAhar3arAya 202-3 210, 224, 226, 263 padmAvatI 126 agahilavAr3a 55, 204, 227 paramardI 270 atharNA 84 pAlaka 112 ana tara 44

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216 jainatIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 327 apApApurI 135 ujjayinI 31-32, 152, 154, amarakoNDa 72 156, 159 amburiNIgrAma 21, 53, 70, uttarApatha 66 174, 208 udayapura 173, 207 ayodhyA 21-22, 68, 74-75, upakezapura 22, 70, 174, 17179-80, 200 81, 183-84 arkasthala 99 urjayanta 65 urjayantagiri 46-47,71, 174, arbudagiri 55, 70, 174-76, 223 arbudamaNDala 198, 209 uvaesapura 180 avajjhA 75 Ukeza 180 UnA 207 azvAvabodha 71, 174, 212 Urjayanta 147 aSTApada 20-21, 72 RSabhapura 140 ahicchatra 22, 27, 29, 68,74, RSigiri 140 81, 83-85 aihola 84 Anandapura 236 37, 258 oMkArezvara 69-70, 152-53 AMdhra 31 osiyA 35, 70, 180-81, AbU 5, 51, 176-77, 191, 184 199 kaccha 54 AmarakoNDa 72, 281-82 kanapura 137 AmaraNa 174, 208 kannar3adeza 284 AraMga 40 kannauja 208 AlaMbhiyAnagarI 28 karaheTaka 22, 70, 174, 184 AzApallI 202 karer3A 174, 184 ikSvAkubhUmi 75 karNAvatI 55 ilAhAbAda 92 karnUla 44 isIgirI 125 kalyANakaTaka 270 IDara 233 kaliGgadeza 21, 69, 148-49 ugrasenagar3ha 230 kalikuNDanAgahRda 22 ujjaina 5, 57 kAMcanapura 148

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328 kAMcI 44 kAntipurI 79 kAmikavana 99 kAmpilya 22, 27, 68, 74, 85- koTizilA 69, 121, 123-25 87, 89 kAryadrA 223 kAyAdvAra 21 kAliJjara 161 kAliJjaratIrtha 99 kAzahRda 21, 71, 174, 197, 220-24 kAzI 86, 104106 kAzmIra 216 kiSkindhA 22, 72, 267, 286 kuMbhAriyA 5 kukkuTezvara 22, 73 kuNDagrAma 22, 69 kuNDugezvara 69 kumudavana 99 kulpAka 72, 284 kuNDagrAma 121 - 23 kuNDalapura 122 kumbhakArekaDanagara 112 kurukSetra 118 kuru-jAGgala 81 kuNAlA 111-112 kuzalA 75 kuzasthala 99 kuzasthalI 235 kuzAgrapura 140 kelI 171 akArAdikrama sUcI koMkaNa 279-80 koTibhUmi 22, 147 koTivarSa 69, 147 kothar3I 171 koraMTavana 112 kolavana 99 kollapAkapattana 21 kolhApura 21, 23, 71-72,26768 kolhuA pahAr3a 145 kozala 9, 66, 103 kosama 91-92 kohalA 171 kauzAmbI 21, 27, 40, 68, 74, 89-92, 112 kraudvIpa 21, 73 kSatriyakuNDapura 122 kSitipratiSThapura 140 khaGgAragar3ha 21, 71, 174, 230. 31 khaMbhAta 49, 54, 58, 71, 209, 264 khajurAho 24-25, 37 khAdiravana 99 khambhAyata 264 kharelA 278 kheTaka 49, 71, 174, 228-29 kheTaka maNDala 228 kher3a 22 kher3A 71, 174, 229 khaiyyAta 264

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 230 gaMgAhRda 22 cainapura 171 gajanI 203 chatarapura 24 gajAgrapada 65 jaMbhiyagrAma 24 giranAra 20, 47, 49-50, 71, jagaI 135, 138 143, 174, 216-17, 263 jagathANa 270 girinagara 47 janakapura 140 gunTUra 44 janakasthAna 270 gokula 85 jambUdvIpa 81, 85 godharA 157 jAlaura 179, 205 gohRda 157 jIrNadurga 230 gyArasapura 84, 173 jUnAgar3ha 47, 71, 174, 207, gvAliyara 40 ghusai 171 jhAMsI 24 cakratIrtha 99 TaMkA 22 caNakapura 140 DAkinIbhImazaMkara 22, 71-72, canderI 21, 37, 69-70 150, 267, 269 160-65 DhIpurI 20, 150, 165, 168 candrapura 162 takSazilA 21 candrapurI 92, 106, 110 talAjA 53 candrAvatI 21, 55, 68-69, 74, tAmralipti 264 92-94, 161, 204 tAraGgA 49, 55, 174, 231, camarotpAta 65 234 campA 22,87 tAraNa 21, 71, 174, 231 campApurI 22, 69, 121, 125, tArAura 231 129 tArApura 231 cAMdapura 37 tArApuranagara 234 ciuMgaladeza 276 tArAvaranagara 231 cittaur3a 205 tAlavana 99 citrakUTa 55, 157, 202 tIrabhukti 125, 138 citrakUTamaMDala 156 tirahuta 125, 137 cippagiri 45 tIrtharAja 252

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330 akArAdikrama sUcI tuMgiyA nagarI 27 nagara 236-37 tejalapura 216 nagaramahAsthAna 21, 71, 174, telaGgadeza 281, 284 236 trikuTagiri 22, 72 nandigrAma 186 tripurI 40 nandipura 186 tharapAkara 72 nandivardhana 22, 50, 174, 185 thAmaNA 71 nandUrIpura 54 dakSiNamathurA 43 nAMdiyA 70, 174, 185 darbhAvatI 263 nAgadA 70, 174, 189 darzANajanapada 171 nAgahRda 174, 189 dazapura 21, 70, 150, 169-71 nAgahRdatIrtha 189 dAtAragrAma 146 nAgahRdezvara 189 dillI 16 nADola 40 dudhaI 37 nANA 70, 174, 191, 194 durjanapura 173 nAnA 174, 191 dubakuNDa 40 nAlandA 28, 121, 135, 140 devagar3ha 24, 37 nAsika 71, 267, 270 devagiri 19, 168 nAsikya 21,71 devapattana 52, 240 nepAla 29 devavAgaNasI 106, 109 nellora 44 daulatAbAda 16, 168 / paMcakalyANakanagara 85-86 dvArakA 22, 49, 71, 174, 235, paNiyabhUmi 28 257 padmapura 40, 270 dvAravatI 49 padmasthala 99 dvArikA 22 pampA 286 dhanapura 40 pallI 70, 174 dhavalakka 263, 265 pAMcAla 85 dhAra 204 pATalAnagara 22,71, 174, 238dhAravAr3a 288 39 dhArA 38 pATaliputra 69, 95, 121, 129, dhArAseNakagrAma 75 131-34

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T jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 331 pADalIputta 29 pAtAlalaMkA 22, 73, 286 pApavatInagarI 264 pAraskara 21, 72 pAlI 22, 70, 174 pAvA 22, 28, 136 pAvApurI 20, 121, 135-36 piTThicampA 86 pIDavAr3A 207 puNDarIka 253 puNDraparvata 22, 147 puNDravardhana 36, 39 purikaranagara 288 purigere 288 pUrimatAla 21 puligere 288 puSpabhadrapura 95 pUrAgilAnA 171 pratiSThAna 21, 267, 272-75 pratiSThAnapurI 212 prabhAsa 21, 240, 243 prabhAsapATana 71, 174, 240-41 prayAga 21-22, 68-69, 74, 95-96 prahlAdanapura 55 pharrukhAbAda 89 phalavadhikA 70, 174, 195 phalaudhI 22, 70, 174, 195, 197 baDhavANa 50 baTezvara 117 baDoha 173 vatsa janapada 89 barelI 85 balabhI 228 bAgar3a 202 bAlApura 55 bAhubali (zatruJjaya kA eka nAma) 252 bIjApura 54 bUDhIcanderI 37, 162-163 bRddhanagara 236-37 belagrAma 43 bellArI 44 brahmagiri 270-71 brAhmaNakuNDagrAma 122 bhar3auMca 264 bhahiyAnagarI 28 bhahilapura 145 bharuaccha 212 bharukaccha 212 bharuca 210 bhAilasvAmigar3ha 172 bhAilasvAmina 172 bhAvanagara 5, 261 bhAtuNTaka 22 bhArukaccha 212 bhuvanezvara 31 bhRgukaccha 49, 153, 212, 732, 280 bhRgupattana 22 bhRgupura 263 bhogAvatInagarI 264

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332 akArAdikrama sUcI bhoddalagAMva 145 muktinilaya 253 maMgalapura 150-52 muNDasthala 22, 70, 174, 198 magadha 29, 31 mUDabidrI 268 macalapura 171 mer3atAnagarI 195 madanavArANasI 106, 109 melakuTa 268 mathurA 11, 17, 21-22, 27, 31, mehasANA 202 33, 40, 66, 68, 74, 85, maisUra 29 248 mokSatIrtha 21, 73 madanapura 37 moDhera 22 madurA 43-44 mor3heraka 71, 174, 243 madhumatInagarI 228, 253 mor3herA 49, 71, 174, 243, madhuvana 99 245 mandasaura 169 mohilavAr3I 15 marudeza 26 yoginIpattana 18 malhAra 40 ratnapura 40 mahAnagara 73 ratnavAhapura 22, 68, 74, 103-4 mahAnagarI 21 rAjagRha 22, 27-28, 112, 125mahArASTra 16, 31 26, 128, 140-42, 257 mahArASTra maMDala 16 rAjadhAnI vArANasI 106, 109 rANakapura 207 mahInagara 264 rAdhanapura 5, 258 mahobA 37 rAmanagara 85 mANDavagar3ha 190, 242 rAmasana 22, 71, 245-46 mANDavadurga 55 rAmasainya 246 mAMdhAtA 153 rAmApurI 75 mANikyadaMDaka 22, 73 rohagupta 87 mAlavA 31 laMkA 22, 286 mithilA 28, 69, 121, 137, lakSmezvara tIrtha 288 139, 140 lachuAr3a 122 muMgathalA 70, 174, 198 lavaNakheTa 229 muMgAvalI 163 lATa 153 mahAvana 99 .

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana lambinI 64 lohavana 99 vaDanagara 71, 174, 236-37 vaDasama 51 var3havANa 49 vaNiyagrAma 28 vatsa 161 varanagara 173 varamANa 209 valabhI 21, 48-49, 71, 174, 203, 247-50 vAdAmI 42, 84 vAmanasthalI 202 vAyaDa 22, 49, 71, 174, 250, 252 vAyaDamahAsthAna 251 vArANasI 21-22, 68, 74, 93, 94, 104-106, 108, 110, 269 vijayavArANasI 106, 109 vidizA 70, 150, 152, 171 vIrasthala 99 vaizAlI 28, 122-23 zaMkhajinAlaya 22 zaMkhapura 49,257 zaMkhAvatI 81 zaMkhezvara 5, 49, 71, 239, 258. zAkapANi 22 zAkambharI 39 zuktamatI 161 zuddha dantI 70, 174, 200-201 zakarakSetra 85-86 zUrasena 98 zaurIpura 22, 69, 115-16 zravaNabelagolA 41, 44-45, 72,. 268, 287 zrAvastI 21, 28, 40, 69, 111 12 videha 122 vinItA 75 vipulagiri 140 vimalAcala 252 vilvavana 99 vizAkhApattanam 44 vizrAMtika tIrtha 99 vItabhayapattana 22 vItabhayapura 72 zrIpura 22, 72, 267, 276 zrImAla 204 zrImAlapattana 22 zrIratnamAlanagarI 175 zrIlaMkA 72 saThiyAMva 136 satyapura 22, 70, 174, 202,. 204,206 sandhArA 171 sapAdalakSa 195 sarasthAna 22, 73 saheTa-maheTa 115 sAMcaura 70, 174, 202, 206 sAketa 27, 75-76

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334 'siMhapura 22, 49, 71, 261 siMhaladvIpa 21, 72, 212 siddhakSetra 252 siddhavarakUTa 153 sindha 72 sindhudeza 125 sindhusauvIra 170 sirapura 40, 72 siroMja 37 sivAnA 205 sihora 49 sundantI 43 suppArika 279 suvarNabhUmi 280 sUrpAraka 21, 72, 267, 279 segamatIgrAma 21 serisayapura 75 sojata 70, 174, 201 sopAraka 279 sopAraga 279 sopArA 72 somezvarapattana 242 sorapAraka 279 sohAvala 104 saurapAraka 279 saurASTra 31 stambhatIrtha 22, 49, 57, 71, 263-65 stambhanaka 22, 49, 71 stambhanakatIrtha 262-63 haMsadvIpa 21, 73 akArAdikrama sUcI harSapura 221 hastinApura 17, 19-20, 69, 74, 89, 117-20 hATakezvaratIrtha 237 bhaugolika nAma sUcI [kha] nadI-parvata acirAvatI 115 aTera 162 arbuda 175 aSTApada 65, 77, 283 udayagiri 173 urjayantagiri 52 oMkAra parvata 22, 150-51 RjuvAlikA 28 kAlagiri 126 kAlazilA 125 kailAza 22,72 khaNDAra pahAr3I 162 gaMgA 105-106, 120, 129 gaMgA-yamunA 95 giranAra 55 gurila kA pahAr3a 162 godAvarI 271, 273 gRddhakUTagiri 140 ghAgharA 103 carmaNavatI 166-68 DhaMkaparvata 262 darzANaparvata 124 narmadA 153, 212 pANDavagiri 140 pArasanAthahila 145-46

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jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana 335. puNDraparvata 121 aSTApadajinAlaya 253 betavA 160 aSTApadaprAsAda 241-42 malayagiri 21-22, 72 aSTApadasammetazikharamaMDapa 216 maMdAkinI 175-77 AmadattamaMdira 214 mAhendra parvata 121, 148-49 AsarAjavihAra 216 raNathambhaura 39 udayanavasahI 265 rAptI 115 kaMkAlITIlA 33 rohaNAcala 22 kapardinivAsa 253 lUNI 206 kumarasarovara 216 vindhyAcala 21-22, 68-69, 74, kokAvasatipArzvanAthacaitya 225.. 110 26 vaibhAragiri 69, 121, 140-42 / / kokAvasati 71 zatruJjaya 49, 55, 58, 71, koSThakacaitya 114 143, 147, 207, 239, guNazIlacaitya 140, 142 252-56 gUDhamahAkAlamaMdira 155 zrIparvata 22, 72, 267, 281, goggiyavasati 288 285-86 gomukhakuNDa 176 zrIzailaparvata 72, 269, 285 ghRtavasahI 224 sammetazikhara 69, 117, 121, caNDikAbhavana 81 125, 142, 145-46 candraguhA 47 sarayU 75, 104 jinavaravihAra 38 sarasvatInadI 95 jetavanavihAra 114 sahyAdriparvata 269 tinduka udyAna 105, 112-13 seDhInadI 262 tIrthavasati 288 siddhazikhara 253 daNDakhAtatAlAba 106,109 siddhiparvata 253 devanirmitastUpa 66, 98-99 himAcala 22 dvArakAdhIzamaMdira 236 himAlaya 175 dharmekSAstupa 106, 110 dhavalajinAlaya 288 bhaugolika nAma mUcI neminAthaprAsAda 263 [ga] maMdira-caityAdi neminAthavasati 45 anisejjayavasati 288 pArzvanAthavATikA 75

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336 pUrNabhadra caitya 126 brahmakuNDa 81 zatruJjayAvatAra maMdira 216 zAntinAtha jinAlaya 288 zAvantavasati 288 zrIvijayavasati 288 bAbApyArAmaTha 47 mahAkAla maMdira 22, 154, 160 mukkaravasati 288 rAcamallavasati 288 satyapurIyAvatAra maMdira 206, 253 sahastradhArA 75, 80 lakSmIdharacaitya 87, 137, 139 lRNavasahI 58, 176, 179, 199 vaziSThAzrama 175-76 sAkallakuNDa 137 sAmaliyAvihAra 241 siMhapallI 166 vimalavasahI 51, 58, 175, 177 - sItAkuNDa 75, 80 svargadvAra 75, 80 hAthIgumphA 29, 31 hiNyagarbha 81 179 zaMkha jinAlaya 267, 286-87 zaMkhavasati 288 zakunikAvihAra 153, 215 akArAdikrama sUcI

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lekhaka paricaya DaoN. zivaprasAda kA janma san 1957 meM vArANasI meM huaa| ApakI zikSA bhI vArANasI meM huii| Apane 1977 I0 meM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva vibhAga se prathama zreNI meM ema0 e0 aura 1983 I. meM pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi prApta kii| Apa apane zodhakArya ke samaya se hI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna se jur3e rahe tathA saMsthAna meM saha-zodhAdhikArI ke rUpa meM kArya kiyaa| samprati Apa vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga ke risarca esosieTa ke rUpa meM prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva vibhAga meM "zvetAmbara zramaNoM ke gacchoM ke itihAsa" para zodhakArya meM saMlagna haiN| Apake kaI zodha-patra vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM chapa cuke haiN|