Prabandh kosha ka Aetihasik Vivechan

Author(s): Pravesh Bharadwaj
Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002121/1

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TTQS-95 pradhAna sampAdaka ma. vinayasAgara He Kai Kai Kai Kai Kai prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana Jiu Zai Mian Qian De Nu Zi WIRE Zhi Ren Zhi Zhi tsu Kai Kai Kai Kai Kai Kai Kai Hui Yuan Mao Mao T THE STAT Zi Dao Jian Luan Luan ] SJUT JUTUT JUT JUT jayapura

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prAkRta bhAratI puSSa : 65 . pradhAna sampAdaka mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana lekhaka DaoN0 praveza bhAradvAja prAdhyApaka, itihAsa vibhAga dayAnanda mahAvidyAlaya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura

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prakAzaka evaM prApti-srota saciva, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI 3826, motIsiMha bhomiyoM kA rAstA, jayapura - 302003 sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAdhIna prathama saMskaraNa : 1995 IsvI mUlya : ru0 100.00 mAtra mudraka santoSa kumAra upAdhyAya nayA saMsAra presa bI0 2 / 143 e, bhadainI vArANasI - 221 0 1001

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prakAzakIya itihAsa kisI jAti, kSetra, dharma, rAjya Adi kI gatividhiyoM kA citraNa yA gaurava-gAthA hI nahIM hai, vaha Aja ke samAja kI nIMva bhI hai| bhAratIya manISA ne isa mahattvapUrNa tathya ko samyaka prakAra se pahacAnA thaa| isa bAta ke sAkSya hameM bhArata ke prAcIna vAGmaya meM bikhare milate haiN| jainoM ke itihAsa-lekhana kI paramparA prAcIna hai| parantu, usameM bhI vaidika va anya paramparAoM kI bhAMti camatkAra va alaukikatA ghula-mila gaI thii| tathApi 'kharataragacchAlaMkAra vRhad-gurvAvalI, kumArapAla caritra, prabandha cintAmaNi, vividha tIrthakalpa, prabhAvaka-caritra, purAtana-prabandha-saMgraha' Adi aneka grantha aise haiM jo vizuddha aitihAsika sUcanAoM ke bhaNDAra haiN| AvazyakatA hai unameM se tathya aura atizayoktiyoM ko pRthak karane kI tathA bikhare hue sAkSyoM ko ekatra kara satya ko puSTa karane kii| "prabandhakoza" aisA hI eka grantha hai jo tathyAtmaka adhika hai aura atizayoktipUrNa km| DaoN0 praveza bhAradvAja ne isakA zodhapUrNa vivecana prastuta karane kI pahala kI hai| yaha prayatna prazaMsanIya aura anukaraNIya hai| hameM yaha pustaka prAkRta bhAratI puSpa - 95 ke rUpa meM pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue harSa kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| hameM AzA hai ki yaha pustaka sAmAnya pAThakoM ke liye aitihAsika sUcanAoM kA srota hogI aura zodhArthiyoM ke lie preraNA kaa| hama DaoN. bhAradvAja ko dhanyavAda dete haiM ki unhoMne isa zodha kI ora zlAghanIya prayatna kiyaa| bariSTha manISI DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne apane vyasta kAryakrama ke bIca isa pANDulipi kA avalokana kara vaiduSyapUrNa bhUmikA likhakara isa pustaka kA mahattva bar3hAyA hai| sAtha hI isakA mudraNa-kArya bhI svayaM ke nirdezana meM karavAyA hai, ataH hama unake prati AbhAra

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( iv ) vyakta karate haiM aura AzA karate haiM ki isa prakAra ke zodhaparaka graMthoM ke prakAzana kI preraNA evaM usa kArya meM apanI bhAvanA ko ve akSuNNa rkheNge| ma. vinayasAgara nidezaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura devendrarAja mehatA saciva prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura

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vidyAnurAgI pUjya pitAmaha sva0 zrI kAzInAtha zarmA ko sAdara sapita

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bhUmikA kucha varSa pUrva maiMne jayapura kI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI dvArA isa prantha kA prakAzana ho, isa hetu saMtusti kI thii| vahA~ kI prakAzana samiti ne merI saMstuti para apanI svIkRti pradAna kii| sAtha hI akAdamI ke mAnanIya nidezaka mahopAdhyAya zrI vinayasAgara jI ne yaha Agraha bhI kiyA ki prastuta grantha kA mudraNa-kArya mere hI nirdezana meM ho aura bhUmikA bhI maiM hI likha, to maiM unake isa Agraha ko bhI TAla nahIM skaa| mudraNa kA kArya to nayA saMsAra presa aura lekhaka DaoN0 praveza bhAradvAja ke sahayoga se pUrA ho gayA kintu bhUmikA likhane kA kArya merI vyastatAoM ke kAraNa vilamba se ho skaa| phira bhI grantha ke sandarbha meM apane kucha vicAra-bindu prastuta karane meM gauraba kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| ___ akAdamI dvArA prakAzita mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI zRMkhalA meM "prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana" nAmaka isa zodha-prabandha kA pustaka rUpa meM prakAzana bhI eka mahatvapUrNa kar3I hai| nissandeha yaha jaina itihAsa-darzana ke kSetra meM prathama zodhaparaka kRti hai| jaina paramparA meM itihAsa lekhana kI paramparA to prAcIna kAla se rahI hai kintu usameM zraddhA-buddhi ke kAraNa alaukikatAoM kA bhI praveza ho gayA hai phira bhI prabandhakoza Adi kucha aise grantha haiM jo jaina itihAsa-darzana kI AdhArazilA haiN| prabandhakoza ne lagabhaga 1030 varSoM kI kAlaavadhi ke itihAsa ko apane meM sameTA hai| paramparA ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se rAjazekhara kA yaha prayAsa stutya hai| usane apane prabandhakoza meM tithiyoM aura kAlakrama ko isa prakAra gumphita kiyA jisase pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ko itihAsa kI saccI pakar3a thii| yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki koI kavi yA itihAsakAra apane jIvamakAla meM hI vyApaka loka-prakhyAti prApta kara le| yadyapi zrIharSa jaise kucha mahAkavi avazya hue haiM jinhoMne apanA sUkSma calatA-sA

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(viii ) paricaya apanI racanAoM meM diyA hai tathApi bhAratIya sAhitya aura saMskRti kI anAgatA vAlI pravRtti ke kAraNa adhikAMza kavi aura racanAkAra apanA, apane parivAra, guru-paramparA, pariveza, apane vaidRSya aura vaibhava kI mahattA kA saMketa mAtra dete rahe haiN| svayaM rAjazekhara kI jIvanI ke sambandha meM Aja taka bahuta kama likhA huA prApta hotA hai| prastuta grantha meM unakI jIvanI evaM kRtitva para prakAza DAlane kA sarvaprathama evaM stutya prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi 1935 I0 meM jinavijaya muni ne kahA thA ki aitihAsika dRSTi se vaGkacUla kI kathA vaisI hI ajJAta hai, jaisI ratnazrAvaka kI, tathApi tathyoM ke AdhAra para prastuta pustaka meM vaGkacUla aura ratnazrAvaka kA samIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura ina donoM prabandhoM kI aitihAsikatA sthApita kI gaI hai| prabandhakoza meM samakAlIna tathyoM ko prastuta karane kI bharasaka ceSTA kI gaI hai| aisA prayAsa aura sAhasa rAjazekhara ke pUrva ke kisI bhI prabandha-grantha meM yahA~ taka ki prabandhacintAmaNi meM bhI nahIM dikhAI detA hai| rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza meM na kevala prabandha kI paribhASA dI, apitu usane itihAsa ko, jo aba taka kevala yuddhoM aura rAjasabhAoM taka sImita thA, sAmAnyajana ke dharAtala para lA khar3A kara diyaa| rAjazekhara ke lekhana ke tIna kSetra the, yathA-(1) sAhitya, ( 2 ) itihAsa aura (3) darzana, jisameM usane apanI kalpanA, smRti aura buddhi kA kramazaH santulita upayoga kiyA thA, isalie usane itihAsa ko smRti ke alAvA paramparAoM, anuzrutiyoM aura cakSudaziyoM para bhI AdhArita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne itihAsa ko sAhitya ke ghere se bAhara kiyA aura use svatantra zAstra kA darjA pradAna kiyA tathA usane itihAsa-lekhana ko itihAsa-darzana ke srotoM, sAkSyoM, paramparAoM, kAraNatva evaM kAlakrama para AdhArita kiyaa| prastuta kRti meM itihAsa-darzana se sambandhita ina sabhI muddoM para samyak rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| .. aise mahatvapUrNa grantha ke Upara dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika dRSTiyoM se zlAghanIya kArya ho cuke haiM kintu aitihAsika mAnadaNDoM kI dRSTi se

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(ix ) vivecana honA zeSa thaa| isa abhAva kI zrama-sAdhya pUrti DaoN0 praveza bhAradvAja ne kI hai| apane zodha-kArya ke daurAna ve mujhase isa grantha ke prAkRta bhASA ke uddharaNoM kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne prAyaH AyA karate the| isase unake kArya kI prAsaMgikatA evaM adhyayana-niSThA kA patA mujhe claa| ___ e0 ke0 majumadAra ne rAjazekhara ko nikRSTatama itivRttakAra kahA hai aura bastupAla-tejapAla prabandha ke kaI doSa darzAye haiN| prastuta kRti meM ina AropoM kA prakSAlana kiyA gayA hai aura e0 ke0 majumadAra mahodaya ne mUla pATha par3hane meM jo bhUla kI hai use sudhArA gayA hai / isI prakAra TaoNnI mahodaya kI bhUmikA ko bhI sudhArA gyaa| ataH yaha satya hai ki rAjazekhara kA pravandhakoza jaina itihAsa-darzana kA amUlya grantha hai| __isake sAtha hI lekhaka ne samAnaviSayaka anya jaina granthoM kI jo tulanA kI hai usase lekhaka kI tulanAtmaka adhyayana kSamatA kA patA calatA hai| isa grantha ke anta meM pA~ca pariziSTa, sandarbha-grantha sUcI, rAjazekharakAlIna bhArata kA mAnacitra, eka anukramaNikA bhI dI gaI hai| isase grantha kA mahatva bar3ha gayA hai| ___ AzA hai ki bhAratIya itihAsa-darzana ke sudhi pAThaka isase lAbhAnvita hoNge| vArANasI 10-8-1994 I0 pro00 sAgaramala jaina nidezaka, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha

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prAkkathana itihAsa atIta kA adhyayana hai| itihAsakAra atIta ko vartamAna kI samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM dekhatA hai / itihAsa itihAsakAra kI A~khoM se dekhA huA atIta kA satya hai / itihAsa - saMracanA kI apanI vidhi hai / itihAsa eka zAstra hai jise vijJAna yA sAmAjika vijJAna kI saMjJA aura usase sambandhita gaurava diyA jAtA hai / itihAsakAra se apekSita hai ki vaha apane zAstra kI vidhi aura usake niyamoM se paricita ho aura usakA samyak pAlana kare / itihAsa ke vidyArthI ko itihAsa kA jJAna to diyA jAtA hai, kintu use itihAsazAstra kI dIkSA nahIM dI jAtI / itihAsakAroM ke bIca apane zAstra kI viziSTatA kI svIkArokti bar3ha rahI hai| isI kAraNa itihAsa - zAstra ke prati jAgarukatA ubharI hai / itihAsa - saMracanA ke apane mUla karttavya ke prati samarpaNa ke sAtha hI itihAsakAra ne isa saMracanA kI prakriyA se sambandhita saiddhAntika vivecana kI ora bhI dhyAna diyA hai| ye AnuSaMgika prazna kahIM se bhI mUla kArya ke liye kama mahattva ke nahIM haiM / ye do prakAra ke haiM; inheM itihAsa - darzana aura itihAsa - racanAzAstra abhihita kiyA jAtA hai | itihAsa - darzana ke antargata hama itihAsa ke tathyoM aura itihAsa racanA kI prakriyA donoM kA hI dArzanika anuzIlana karate haiM / itihAsaracanAzAstra ke bhI do pRthak AyAma haiM / eka ora to yaha itihAsa kI saMracanA kI vidhi meM prazikSaNa ko apanA kArya-kSetra mAnatA hai to dUsarI ora yaha saMracita itihAsa ke svarUpa ko nirdhArita karane vAle preraka aura niyAmaka kArakoM kA adhyayana karatA hai / isa dUsare rUpa meM ise hisToriyogrAphI kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai / itihAsa - racanAzAstra ( hisToriyogrAphI) ke pracalana ke sAtha hI isake svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhrAntiyoM ke prasAra kI sambhAvanAyeM

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( xll ) svAbhAvika haiM / isa zAstra ke svarUpa meM zithilatA aura isake gaurava meM cyuti huI hai / kabhI-kabhI itihAsa-saMracanA ke prayAsoM ke sarvekSaNa aura samIkSA ko hI isakA Adi aura anta mAna liyA jAtA hai / itihAsa - racanAzAstra kI itihAsa - saMracanA ke prApya udAharaNoM ke prati itanI satahI dRSTi nahIM hai / yaha ina prayAsoM kA sunizcita uddezya se painA aura gaharA vizleSaNa hai jo inake svarUpa, uddezya aura mUlyoM ko ujAgara karake unako eka guNAtmakatA, eka sArthakatA pradAna karatA hai / itihAsa - racanAzAstra kA yaha adhyayana do staroM para apekSita haipahalA, Adhunika kAla meM saMracanA karane vAle itihAsakAra ke viSaya meM aura dUsarA, samaya kI yAtrA meM bahuta pahale huye aise vyaktiyoM ke sambandha meM jo itihAsa ke tathyoM kI sUcanA dene vAle haiM / itihAsakAra aura pramANa sAmagrI ke rUpa meM srotoM ke janaka donoM hI staroM para kucha samAna prazna uttarita hone aura kucha bindu vivecita hone haiM / donoM ke hI vyaktitva, pariveza, dRSTikoNa aura uddezyoM kI pahacAna unake kRtitva ke sacce mUlyAMkana ke liye Avazyaka AdhAra haiM / itihAsa kI saMracanA ke svarUpa para ina donoM ke vyaktitva kI chApa hotI hai / vyaktitva ke nirmANa meM kaI kArakoM kA yogadAna hotA hai / inameM pramukha haiM- parivAra kI paramparA aura zikSakoM ke prabhAva / deza aura kAla kA pariveza vyakti ke dRSTikoNa aura vivecya praznoM ke nirdhAraNa meM prabhAvaka hotA hai / tatkAlIna samAja, jisako sambodhita karake itihAsakAra kI saMracanA karatA hai, usake uddezyoM, praznoM aura unake uttaroM ko svarUpa aura svara detA hai / prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMskRti ke srotoM kI kaI paramparAyeM haiM / bhAratIya sAhityika srotoM meM vaidika aura brAhmaNa paramparAyeM suvijJAta aura sucacita haiM / jaina paramparA alpajJAta aura atyalpa prayukta hai / jaina paramparA kI apanI pahacAna aura apanI upayogitA hai / yaha atyanta prAcIna hai / isakI nirantaratA zatAbdiyoM ke zilAkhaNDoM ke bIca se pravAhita hotI rahI hai / isakI apanI zuddhatA, apanI gati aura apanI guNAtmakatA hai / yaha brAhmaNa aura

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(xiii) bauddha paramparAoM ke samAnAntara rahI hai / isane unakA anekazaH samarthana aura sampoSaNa kiyA hai, unakI prAmANikatA ko gaurava diyA hai / sAtha hI isakI svatantra sthiti aura mahattA bhI rahI hai / jaina itihAsa - paramparA kI upekSA se bhAratIya itihAsa kA saccA aura samagra rUpa kabhI bhI spaSTa nahIM ho sakegA / jaina granthoM meM itihAsa kI sAmagrI bikharI huI hai / isake prati vizvAsa aura Adara ke bhAva bar3he haiM / isake atirikta jaina paramparA itihAsa-saMracanA kA bhI suspaSTa aura sudIrgha itihAsa hai / itihAsa kI paridhi meM Ane vAle jaina granthoM meM, unakI vizeSatAoM aura lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para, kaI sAhityika vidhiyoM kI pahacAna ho sakatI hai / gurvAvaliyA paTTAvalI ke atirikta hama purANa, prabandha aura caritagranthoM ko dekhate haiM / ye pAribhASika nAma brAhmaNa paramparA meM inake prayoga ke sarvathA samAnArthaka nahIM hai / kucha arthoM meM samAnAntara hone para bhI inakI apanI vizeSatAyeM aura apekSAyeM haiM / ina vidhAoM ke Arambha aura vikAsa kA adhyayana atyanta rocaka aura jJAna-vardhaka hai / rAjazekhara kI kRti "prabandhakoza" prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa kI eka upayogI aura mahatvapUrNa racanA hai / eka lambI avadhi ke bahupakSIya itihAsa ke liye isameM bahumUlya sAmagrI kA saMkalana prApya hai / srota- sAmagrI ke grantha ke rUpa meM Adhunika itihAsakAroM ke lie isakI upayogitA ke atirikta isakI zreSThatA jaina paramparA meM itihAsa - saMracanA ke eka utkRSTa udAharaNa ke rUpa meM bhI hai| rAjazekhara dvArA prastuta itihAsa kA mUlyAMkana itihAsa racanAzAstrIya dRSTi se karane se aura adhika nikhara jAtA hai / isase itihAsa ke vibhinna tathyoM aura binduoM, vyakti aura ghaTanAoM kA svarUpa suspaSTa hotA hai / rAjazekhara, unake vyaktitva aura pariveza kA vizleSaNa unake dvArA prastuta vivecana kI viziSTatA aura sImA ko rekhAMkita karane meM sahAyaka hai / - DaoN0 praveza bhAradvAja ne mere aura pro0 zrImatI kRSNakAnti gopAla ke saphala nirdezana meM vaha zodha kArya sampAdita kiyA hai / unakA prayAsa

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( xiv ) stutya hai aura itihAsa-racanAzAstrIya dRSTi se zodha prayAsoM ke liye mAnaka udAharaNa hai| yaha inheM yatheSTa yaza aura gaurava dilAye, yaha zubhakAmanA hai| lallanajI gopAla vArANasI rekTara, 14-1-1994 I. kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya

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lekhakIya jaina-grantha uttarapurANa ke anusAra sItA mandodarI ke garbha se utpanna huI thI, kintu aniSTakAriNI jAna use eka maMjUSA meM mithilA bhejakara bhUmi meM ropa diyA gayA, jahA~ daivayoga se hala jotate samaya janaka ko vaha mila gyii| usI prakAra prabandhakoza kA yAminiyoM ke hRda-pradeza dillI meM janma ( 1349 I0 ) huA thA, kintu vahA~ aniSTa samajha use gujarAta bheja diyA gayA jahA~ ke jaina-bhaNDAroM meM usakI pANDulipiyA~ mila gyiiN| yaha prAcIna va madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa ko jAnane ke lie eka dizA-nirdezaka grantha siddha huaa| prabandhakoza ke aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para bhArata ke pramukha AcAryoM, kaviyoM, rAjAoM evaM gRhastha zrAvakoM ke itihAsa kI punarracanA aura prabandhakAra ke itihAsa-darzana kI rUparekhA taiyAra kI jA sakatI hai| __ prabandhakoza ke uddharaNoM kA paravartI jaina-prabandhoM, yahA~ taka ki solahavIM zatAbdI ke ballAlakRta bhojaprabandha, meM prayoga huA hai| unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke madhya se hI e0 ke0 phobasa, byUlara, yAkobI, pITarsana, sTIvensana Adi yUropIya vidvAnoM ne isake adhyayana kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI thii| sarvaprathama 1856 meM phorbasa ne "rAsamAlA" meM aura gata zatAbdI ke anta meM byUlara ne hemacandrAcArya kI jIvanI meM isakA prabhUta prayoga kiyaa| bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM sara Ara. jI0 bhaNDArakara, vijayadharmasUri, maNilAla nanubhAI dvivedI, pro. kApar3iyA, muni jinavijaya, velaNakara, e. ena. upAdhye, ke. pI. jaina, hIrAlAla jaina, prabhRti diggajoM ne jaina prabandhoM ke saMgraha, saMkalana anuvAda aura Alocana kiye| 1935 meM prabandhakoza kI mahattA samajhate hue jinavijaya ne isake aitihAsika vivecana kI AyojanA banAyI, kintu usakI kriyAnviti Aja lagabhaga sATha varSa gujara jAne para bhI nahIM ho sakI hai| Ara0 esa0 tripAThI, gulAbacandra caudharI, e0 ke0 majumadAra, bI0 je0 sANDesarA jaise vidvAnoM ne rAjazekhara ko itivRttakAra mAna

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( xvi) kara usake prabandhakoza kA apane granthoM meM yatra-tatra sphuTa prayoga kiyA hai / caturvizatiprabandha ( aparanAma prabandhakoza ) para nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA meM zivadatta zarmA kA kevala eka lekha aura jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6 meM lagabhaga AdhA pRSTha prakAzita hai| parantu pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke prayAsoM ke bAvajUda Aja taka prabandhakoza kA na to hindI yA aMgrejI meM anuvAda huA, na usa para koI svatantra grantha prakAzita kiyA gayA aura na hI usameM saMkalita aitihAsika sAmagrI kA abhI taka samyak vivecana hI kiyA jA sakA hai| prastuta pustaka meM prabandhakoza ko pahalI bAra eka naye daSTikoNa se dekhA aura parakhA gayA hai| isameM prabandhakoza kA paramparAgata rAjanItika, sAmAjika, bhaugolika athavA sAMskRtika adhyayana na karake itihAsazAstrIya dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai / prabandhakoza kA yaha aitihAsika vivecana jaina itihAsa-darzana ke vikAsa-krama kI eka kar3I hai, kyoMki grantha kA pratipAdana karane meM jo paddhati apanAyI gayI hai usameM granthAgata prabandhoM meM se apekSita sAmagrI kA cayana evaM anya srotoM se usakI puSTi karate hue, itihAsa-darzana ke vibhinna tattvoM, yathA - aitihAsika tathya, srota, sAkSya, kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama, ke pariprekSya meM prabandhakoza kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai jisameM kahIM-kahIM sI0 eca0 TaoNnI, jinavijaya aura e0 ke0 majumadAra prabhRti vidvAnoM taka ke matoM meM saMzodhana karanA par3A hai| isa pustaka ke praNayana ke samaya kucha viSayoM para naye dRSTikoNa se prathama bAra prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM jaina-prabandhoM evaM jaina-caritoM meM antara, rAjazekhara kI jIvanI va kRtitva, prabandhakoza ke zIrSaka, vaGkacUla prabandha aura ratnazrAvaka prabandha kI aitihAsikatA, rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana, anya pramukha jaina prabandhoM, rAjataraMgiNI tathA musalamAnI, aMgrejI aura phrAnsIsI granthoM se tulanA Adi ke ullekha kiye gaye haiN| - prathama adhyAya meM jaina-prabandha kA artha spaSTa karate hue jaina itihAsa ke vikAsakrama meM pravandhakoza kA sthAna nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai|

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( xvil ) dvitIya adhyAya meM itihAsakAra rAjazekhara kI jIvanI va kRtitva para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| grantha ke zIrSaka, saMskaraNoM evaM bhASAnuvAdoM kA paricaya tRtIya adhyAya meM diyA gayA hai| caturtha aura paJcama adhyAya aitihAsika tathyoM ke haiN| SaSTha evaM saptama adhyAyoM meM rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-darzana kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| aSTama adhyAya prabandhakoza aura anya granthoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karatA hai / antima adhyAya meM upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM niSkarSa diyA huA hai| isa pustaka meM yatheSTa uddharaNa diye gaye haiN| isako subodha banAye rakhane ke lie kucha tathyoM kI punarAvRtti kI gayI hai jisakI svIkArokti yathAsthAna pAda-TippaNiyoM meM kara dI gayI hai| viSaya-vivecana ko adhika prAmANika banAne ke lie anya maulika granthoM se prabhUta sahAyatA lI gayI hai / lekhaka una sabhI granthakAroM kA RNI hai jinakI kRtiyoM se usane sahAyatA lI hai jinakA avirala jJApana pAda-TippaNiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| prArambha meM saMketa-sUcI aura anta meM pA~ca pariziSTa, akArAdi kramAnusAra vargIkRta sandarbha grantha-sUcI, rAjazekhara kAlIna bhArata kA mAnacitra, anukramaNikA tathA zuddhipatra bhI diye gae haiN| prabandhakoza para isa prakAra kA kArya prathama prayAsa hai, kintu antima nahIM kyoMki granthAgata bhaugolika tathyoM evaM sAMskRtika pakSoM para aura kArya kiye jA sakate haiN| parantu unheM isaliye sthagita kara denA par3A ki pustaka meM vistAra sambandhI doSa praviSTa na ho ske| pustaka kA mUla rUpa zodha-prabandha thA, jo kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi hetu svIkRta kiyA gayA thaa| isa sambandha meM maiM apanI nirdezikA zrImatI pro. kRSNakAnti gopAla kA sarvAdhika AbhArI huuN| apane saha-nirdezaka evaM pUjya guruvara pro0 lallanajI gopAla ke adhIna kArya karane meM maiM gaurava anubhava karatA hU~ jinake agAdha pANDitya evaM vidyAmaya patha-pradarzana ke kAraNa isa pUstaka kA daSTikoNa itihAsazAstrIya ho skaa| merI jo kucha bhI upalabdhi hai usameM merI pUjyA mA~ zrImatI puSpA bhAradvAja tathA pUjya pitA DaoN. vizvanAtha bhAradvAja ke bhI AzIrvAda haiN|

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( xviii) jaina sAhitya va itihAsa ke suprasiddha vidvAn evaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kA maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~, jinake sAnnidhya meM mujhe adhyayana karane kA nirantara avasara milA aura jinakI dRr3ha saMstuti se hI yaha pustaka prakAzanArtha jayapura bhejI jA sakI hai / DaoN0 jaina dvArA likhI gayI vidvatpUrNa bhUmikA tathA DaoN0 lallanajI gopAla dvArA prastuta prAkkathana se isa graMtha kI upAdeyatA meM zrIvRddhi huI hai / prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura ke nidezaka mahopAdhyAya zrI binayasAgara jI kA maiM cira RNI hU~ jinhoMne pustaka ke mUla rUpa kI katipaya truTiyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA aura rAjazekharasUri kI jIvanI se sambandhita adhyAya ko pUrNataH punaH likhane kI preraNA dii| unhIM ke mUlyavAn sujhAvoM ke Aloka meM yaha kArya pustakAkAra rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakA hai / maiM nyAyamUrti zrI caturbhujadAsa pArikha kA RNI hU~ jinhoMne jainadarzana ke katipaya vyAvahArika pakSoM para mujhe Alokita kiyA thA / DaoN0 0 brahmAnanda jI tripAThI, DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina tathA zrI narAyanadAsa jI mAhezvarI kA maiM hRdaya se upakRta hU~ jinhoMne samaya-samaya para kramazaH saMskRta, prAkRta aura gujarAtI bhASA kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM kRpAdAna kiyA hai / kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, zvetAmbara jaina mandira (rAmaghATa) evaM dayAnanda mahAvidyAlaya ke pustakAlayAdhyakSoM dvArA pradatta sahayoga ke liye maiM dhanyavAda jJApita karatA hU~ / antataH tvarita evaM kuzala mudraNa ke nimitta zrI santoSa kumAra jI upAdhyAya kA, lekhaka sadA AbhArI rahegA / ke0 60 6/7 e, gAyaghATa vArANasI 26 janavarI, 1995 I0 praveza bhAradvAja

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abhici ili* DAu0 1 iNDi0 eNTi0 epi0 iNDi0 esa0 bI0 I. kharatara kharatarapaTTa gajebA gAosI / / / / / / / / / guili cAgu jirako je Ara e esa je bI bI Ara e esa saMketa-sUcI abhidhAnacintAmaNi da hisTarI oNpha iNDiyA aija TolDa bAI iTsa ona hisToriensa ( iliyaTa aiNDa DAusana) iNDiyana eNTikverI epigraiphiyA iNDikA saikreDa buksa oNpha da IsTa kharataragaccha bRhad gurvAvali - kharataragaccha paTTAvali saMgraha gajeTiyara oNpha di baoNmbe presIDensI gAyakavADa orieNTala sIrIja gujarAta aiNDa iTsa liTarecara cAlukyAja oNpha gujarAta jina-ratna-koza - jarnala oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI jarnala oNpha da baoNmbe brAJca oNpha da rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI da jaina sorseja oNpha da hisTarI oNpha aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA jaina paramparAno itihAsa jaina sAhityano itihAsa jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa da jainsa ina da hisTarI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara - paoNliTikala hisTarI oNpha naoNrdarna iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja - purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha jainaso jaipa jaisAi jaisAiti jaihiili pAhinAijaiso puprasa

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prako praci praciTA pracidvi prabhAca mavasA rAmApho lAma lisamava leksiko vikrau vitIka vidhimA saiApTe sijaigra hiili hijyolA hisAko hihirA hemajI -------- ( xx ) prabandhakoza prabandhacintAmaNi ( sampA0 ) jinavijaya muni prabandhacintAmaNi ( aMgrejI anu0 sI0 eca0 TaoNnI ) prabandhacintAmaNi ( hindI anu0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ) prabhAvakacarita mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhityamaNDala rAsamAlA ( phobrsa kRta - hindI anu0 ) lAipha oNpha hemacandrAcArya liTararI sarkila oNpha mahAmAtya vastupAla leksikograeNphikala sTaDIz2a ina jaina saMskRta vikramAditya oNpha ujjayinI vividhatIrthakalpa vidhi mArga prapA ( jinaprabhasUri kRta ) saMskRta-iMgliza DikzanarI ( ApTe kRta ) siMdhI jaina granthamAlA hisTarI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara hisTorikala jyographI oNpha eNzyeNTa iNDiyA hindI sAhityakoza hisTarI oNpha hisTorikala rAiTiMgsa hemacandrAcArya jIvana caritra ( byUlara kRta )

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pRSTha viSaya-sUcI adhyAya eka: prastAvanA 1-12 jinasena, hemacandra aura merutuMga kI itihAsa saMbaMdhI vicAradhArAe~-1, rAjazekhara dvArA itihAsaparamparA ko Age bar3hAnA - 4, jaina-prabandha, jainaitihAsa kI eka vidhA - 5, prabandha zabda kA viziSTa artha - 6, rAjazekhara dvArA jaina-prabandha kI spaSTa paribhASA - 7, jaina prabandhoM kI vizeSatAe~ - 8, jaina-prabandha aura jaina-carita meM antara - 10 // ho : prabandhakAra kI nIvanI va kRtittva 13 - 23 rAjazekhara kA janma sthAna - 13, janmakAla, kula va gaccha --- 14, usakA vyApaka adhyayana - 15, paryaTana -- 16, sUri-pada kI prApti - 17, rAjazekhara aura muhammada bina tugalaka kI samakAlikatA - 17, rAjazekhara dvArA 1349 I0 meM prabandhakoza kI racanA - 18, usakA saMgIta-prema - 18, usakA mahAprayANa - 19, rAjazekhara kI pramukha kRtiyA~ - antarkathA-saMgraha - 19, nyAyakandalI kI TIkA - 20, prAkRta dvayAzrayakAvya para vRtti - 20, syAdvAdakalikA, SaDdarzanasamuccaya, upadezacintAmaNi, sUrimantra nityakarma - 21, vRttitraya nibandha, neminAtha phAgu - 22, prabandhakoza, zAnti nAthacarita kA saMzodhana - 23 / tIna : andha-paricaya tatkAlIna rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi - 24, sAhityika pRSThabhUmi - 25, grantha racanA-kAla va sthAna -

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( xxii ) adhyAya pRSTha 28, grantha ke cAra zIrSaka - 28, prabandhakoza ke tIna saMskaraNa - 30, isakA kevala gujarAtI meM do anuvAda - 31, graMtha-racanA ke uddezya - 31, graMtha kI bhASA va zailI - 35 / cAra : aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana 37 - 68 bhadrabAhu-varAha prabandha - 38, Aryanandila prabandha40, jIvadevasUri prabandha - 41, AryakhapaTAcArya prabandha - 42, pAdaliptAcArya prabandha - 44, vRddhavAdi-siddhasena prabandha -47, mallavAdisUri prabandha - 50, haribhadrasUriprabandha - 52, bappabhaTTasUri prabandha - 53, hemasUriprabandha - 56, harSakavi prabandha - 59, harihara prabandha - 61, amaracandrakavi prabandha - 62, madanakIrti prabandha - 63, sAtavAhana prabandha - 65 / pAMca : aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) 69 - 105 vaGkacUla prabandha - 69, vikramAditya prabandha -77, nAgArjuna prabandha --- 78, vatsarAjodayana prabandha - 80, lakSmaNasena aura mantrI kumAradeva kA prabandha - 82, madanavarma prabandha - 83, ratnazrAvaka prabandha --- 86, Abhar3a prabandha - 93, zrIvastupAla prabandha chaH : rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya 106 - 123 itihAsa kA artha - 106, itivRtta kA Azaya - 106, itihAsa-darzana kI avadhAraNA - 107, rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana - 108, itihAsa ke liye prayukta zabda - 109, usakI itihAsa samvandhI avadhAraNA - 110, rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-srota

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( xxiii) pRSTha adhyAya -- 111, jaina va jainetara srota - 112, srotoM ko uddhRta karanA - 114, srotoM meM bhinna bhAva - 115, rAjazekhara dvArA prayukta sAkSya -115, sAkSyoM ke do prakAra - 116, vividha granthoM ke sAkSya - 117 / sAta rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana: kAraNatva paramparA evaM kAlakrama 124-154 kAraNatva kA artha va mahattva -- 124, kAraNatva kI vividhatA - 125, caulukya-cAhamAna saMgharSa ke kAraNa - 126, cAhar3a kA zatrupakSa meM jAne kA kAraNa -- 128, gAhar3avAla aura senavaMza meM saMgharSa ke kAraNa - 128, caulukyoM aura mAlavA ke paramAroM meM saMgharSa ke kAraNa - 129, kumArapAla kI mRtyu ke kAraNa - 130, vAmanasthalI ke yuddha aura sandhi kArya ke kAraNa - 130, paJcagrAma yuddha ke kAraNa, tejapAla aura ghUghula ke bIca yuddha ke kAraNa - 131, musalamAnoM se saMgharSa ke kAraNa-mojadIna suratrANa ke abhiyAna ke kAraNa - prathama mojadIna kI parAjaya ke kAraNa -- 133, dvitIya mojadIna sultAna baharAmazAha ke sAtha sandhi ke kAraNa - 134, vAstu-doSa ke kAraNa - 135, paramparA kA artha va mahattva - 136, jaina paramparA va muslimaparamparA - 139, rAjazekhara kI paramparA sambandhI avadhAraNA - 140, paramparAoM ke do rUpa141, kAlakrama kI avadhAraNA - 143, rAjazekhara dvArA prayukta kAlakrama kI paddhati - 145, cApokaTa-vaMza kI zAsanAvadhi kI gaNanA -146, mahAvIra ke nirvANa ko kAla-mApana kA AdhAra mAnanA - 147, valabhI-bhaGga kI tithi - 148,

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pRSTha ( xxiv ) adhyAya saMvatsara, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, nakSatra aura vAra jaise sUkSma kAlakrama ke namUne - 149, prabandhakoza meM prayukta kAlakrama kI cAra paddhatiyA~ -- 151, rAja zekhara dvArA pradatta pA~ca bahumUlya tithiyA~ - 153 / aATha / tulanAtmaka adhyayana 155 - 190 prabandhakoza kI tulanA prabhAvaka carita se --- 156, prabandhacintAmaNi se- 158, purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha se - 162, vividhatIrthakalpa se - 165, rAjataraMgiNI se tulanA - 166, madhyayugIna bhArata ke muslima granthoM se tulanA - 172, tArIkha-ephIrojazAhI aura prabandhakoza - 177, madhyayugIna yUropa ke 'kraoNnikA mejorA' va 'kraoNnikyU' se tulanA -- 182, kitAba ala-ibara tathA 'mukaddamA' se prabandhakoza kI tulanA - 187 / no : upasaMhAra 191 - 194 pariziSTa (1) pramukha jaina prabandha 195 - 196 ( 2 ) prabandhakoza meM vaNita granthoM kI sUcI 196 - 197 ( 3 ) rAjazekhara dvArA varNita sthAnoM kI sUcI 197 - 199 ( 4 ) prabandhakozAntargata prayukta yAvanI bhASA 199 - 200 ke zabda (5) tugalaka vaMza ke itihAsa ke jaina sAdhana __ 200 - 202 sandarbha anya sUcI 203 - 214 rAjazekhara kAlIna bhArata kA mAnacitra 215 anukramaNikA 216 - 255 zuddhi patra 256

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adhyAya - 1 prastAvanA prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jaina itihAsa ke vikAsakrama kI eka kar3I hai / 'itihAsa' zabda atharvaveda meM pAyA jAtA hai aura mahAbhArata meM paJcama veda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / " brAhmaNa va bauddha paramparA meM itihAsa kI avadhAraNA purANa, harSacarita, buddhacarita, aria aura mahAvaMsa se pramANita hai / bhAratIya sAhitya meM itihAsa ko itivRtta, AkhyAyikA, purANa Adi zabdoM se vyakta kiyA jAtA rahA hai| paurANika sAhitya meM sUta - mAgadha isa paramparA ke saMrakSaka kahe gae haiM / prArambhika jaina Agama sAhitya meM aisI sUta - mAgadha paramparA kA saMketa nahIM milatA hai kintu isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki jaina Agama - sAhitya meM itihAsa kI avadhAraNA thI hI nahIM / jaina Agama - sAhitya meM nemi, pArzva, mahAvIra jaise tIrthaGkaroM ke jIvana-vRtta ke sAtha hI zreNika, kuNika, kuNAla evaM samprati jaise rAjAoM kI paramparA bhI surakSita hai / jainoM ne brAhmaNa purANa- paramparA ke prArUpa para jaina purANoM kI racanA kI / jinasena ( 837 I0 ) ne AdipurANa meM itihAsa kI vyApaka paribhASA prastuta kI hai| " itihAsa bhUtakAlIna ghaTanAoM kA 1. atharvaveda, 11/10 / 7 meM ise 'prAcIna kathA' ke artha meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai / pUrvakalpa va vidyA ke artha meM bhI isakA prayoga huA hai / mahAbhArata, 12/217 meM yudhiSThira ke prazna ke uttara meM bhISma purAtana itihAsa kA prayoga karate haiM / blUmaphIlDa aura viNTaranitja prabhRti pAzcAtya vidvAn yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki paJcamaveda ke rUpa meM itihAsa purANa kA prayoga huA hai / de0 pANDeya, rA0 su0 : mahAkAvyoM aura purANoM meM sAMkhya darzana, dillI, 1972, pR0 138 / 2. de0 pAThaka, vI0 esa0 : eMzieNTa hisToriyansa oNpha iNDiyA, bambaI, 1966, prastA0 pR0 dasavIM /

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2] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prAmANika evaM yathArtha citraNa hai / "" unhoMne itihAsa kA artha 'iti iha AsIt ' ( aisA yahA~ ghaTita huA ) se lagAyA hai| jinasena ne Age spaSTa kiyA hai ki cU~ki yaha prAcIna ghaTanAoM kA varNana karatAhai, isalie itivRtta hai; yaha pramANoM para AdhArita hai, ataH AmnAya hai; yaha RSiyoM dvArA racita hai, ataeva ArSa hai; isameM upadeza bhare par3e haiM, isalie sUkta hai; isameM dhArmika va naitika siddhAnta nihita haiM, ataH dharmazAstra hai / jinasena kI itihAsa avadhAraNA kI yaha vyApakatA brAhmaNa- paramparA kI usa vyAkhyA se tulanIya hai jisameM itihAsa ko dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa ke upadeza va itivRtta kathA se yukta kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra kauTilya kI taraha jinasena kI itihAsa sambandhI vicAradhArA atyanta vyApaka aura Adhunika pratIta hotI hai / itihAsa ke lie 'dharmazAstra' zabda prayukta kara ina vidvAnoM ne aitihAsika vicAradhArA meM bhautikavAdI tatvoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAMskRtika tatvoM kA bhI samAveza kara diyA hai / jinasena ke pazcAt hemacandra ne jainoM kI aitihAsika paramparAoM ke vikAsa meM adhika yogadAna kiyaa| hemacandra ne abhidhAnacintAmaNi' meM purAvRtta, pravahnikA yA prahelikA, janazruti yA kiMvadanti vArtA - aitihya evaM purAtanI ko 'itihAsa' kA paryAya batAyA hai | purAvRtta nAsiketopAkhyAna, mahAbhArata Adi ho sakate haiM / janazruti evaM 1. itihAsa itISTaM tad itihAsIditi zruteH / itivRttamarthaM tihyamAmnAyaJcAmanAnte tata // RSipraNItamArSasyAt sUktaM sUnRtazAsanAt / dharmAnuzAsanAccedaM dharmazAstramiti smRtam // AdipurANa prathama, pR0 24-25 / de0 jhA, siddhanAtha : AdipurANa kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, bI0 eca0 yU0 aprakAzita pI-eca0 DI0 zodhaprabandha, 1965; jainaso, pR0 1, jaisAbRiti, pR0 55 / 2. itihAsa : purAvRttaM pravahnikA prahelikA / janazrutiH kiMvadantI vArteti purAtanI // abhici, kANDa 2, zloka 173, pR072-73 //

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prastAvanA [3 kiMvadanti ko itihAsa nahIM apitu itihAsa kA srota mAnA jAnA caahie| isI prakAra prahelikA ( pahelI ) kisI gUr3ha prazna ke aitihAsika uttara se sambandhita kI jA sakatI hai, parantu use itihAsa svIkAra karanA ucita nahIM hai| ataH hemacandra ke anusAra purAvRtta ko itihAsa mAnanA ucita hogaa| dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki hemacandra ne itiha aura aitihya meM antara sthApita kiyA hai| itiha kA artha 'sampradAya' hai jabaki prAcIna bAta kA nAma aitihya hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki hemacandra itihAsa ke prati jAgaruka thaa| madhyayuga meM aura Age bar3hane para jaina itihAsa-lekhana ke pramANa bahiyoM ke rUpa meM milate haiN| vahikA bahI hai jisameM rAjA ke kAryoM kA saMkalana kiyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra ke udAharaNa merutuGgakRta prabandhacintAmaNi ke vikramArka rAjA prabandha aura bhojaprabandha se prApta hote haiN| vikramArka rAjA prabandha meM likhA hai ki koSAdhyakSa dharmavahikA meM rAjA dvArA diye gae suvarNa kA vRttAnta likhA karate the| isameM Age varNana AtA hai ki eka bAra rAjA bhoja apane dharma va dAna kI bArambAra prazaMsA kara rahe the taba unake vRddha mantrI ne unake ahaGkAra ko kama karane aura unheM satpatha para lAne ke lie vikramAditya kI dharmavahikA unake hAtha meM rakha dii| vikramAditya kI dAnazIlatA kA usameM varNana dekhakara bhoja meM vinamratA utpanna huI aura unhoMne usa dharmavahikA kI pUjA karane ke pazcAt use yathAsthAna rakhavA diyaa| ataH anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki rAjya-abhilekhAgAra meM isa prakAra kI vahikAe~ surakSita rakhI jAtI thiiN| prabandhakoza meM spaSTa likhA hai ki Abhar3a zreSThI ke pAsa tIna prakAra kI vahikAe~ thI (1) rokar3a bahI 1. "yaddharmavahikAyAM zlokabandhena mayA suvarNadAnaM nihitam / " praci, 107 / "tanmantrI dharmavahikAyAM zlokabaddhaM lilekha / " . vahI, pR0 26, paMkti 11-12 / "taddharmavahikAniyukto niyogyevaM kAvyamalikhat / " paMkti 21 / 2. "tadaudAryavinijitagarvasarvasvastAM vahikAmarcayitvA yathAsthAnaM prsthaapyt|" vahI, pR0 27 /

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prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana (2) vilamba bahI arthAt pradAna bahI, aura ( 3 ) paraloka bahI yA dharma bhii|' - isa prakAra gujarAta aura mAlavA meM jaina itihAsa kA vikAsa-krama drutagati se Age bddh'aa| gujarAta ne prabala AghAta sahe haiM aura yahA~ ke granthakAroM meM deza-prema kA bhAva utpanna hone se itihAsa-lekhana kI bhAvanA kA drutagati se vikAsa huaa| sUriyoM, santoM aura AcAryoM ne jaina-prabandha likhe / ataH gujarAta ke jainoM meM bhAratavarSa ke anya dharmAvalambiyoM kI apekSA itihAsa kI avadhAraNA adhika puSTa thii| merutuGga ne itihAsa kI eka suspaSTa avadhAraNA banA lI thii| vaha itihAsa ko paramparA, srota-granthoM evaM yathAzruti para AdhArita mAnatA thaa| usake vicArAnusAra yogya paramparA tathA sUnI-sUnAyI bAteM hI itihAsa kA nirmANa karatI haiN| usane sthAna-sthAna para srota granthoM kA khUba upayoga bhI kiyA hai aura unameM se kucha ko uddhRta bhI kiyA hai| usane prabandha-cintAmaNi ko tithiyoM aura kAlakrama se itanA gumphita kara diyA hai jisase siddha hotA hai ki usako itihAsa kI saccI pakar3a thii| prakIrNaka prabandha meM merutuGga ne itihAsa sambandhI apanI avadhAraNA ko mUrta rUpa diyA hai / usane vaha vRttAnta jaisA ghaTA thA vaisA hI nivedita kiyA / ataH merutuGga ke anusAra ghaTita ghaTanA kI usI rUpa meM prastuti hI itihAsa hai| usane apane jJAna ko tIna kSetroM meM vibhAjita kiyA thA, yathA-kAvya, itihAsa aura darzana jisameM kalpanA, smRti aura buddhi kA santulita upayoga kiyA gayA thA, kintu usane itihAsa ko smRti ke alAvA paramparA aura cakSuziyoM para bhI AdhArita kiyA thaa| rAjazekhara ne merutuGga dvArA sthApita itihAsa kI paramparA ko Age bddh'aayaa| usane jaina-prabandha ko eka svatantra zAstra kA sthAna 1. AbhaDasya vahikAstistraH / ekA rokyavahI, aparA vilambavahI, tRtIyA paraloka ( pAralaukika ) vahI / prako, pR. 98 / 2. granthe tathApyatra susampradAyAd dRbdhe / praci, pR0 1 / 3. tavRttAntaM pratyupakArabhIruH yathAvasthitaM nivedayAmAsa / vahI, pR0 117 /

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prastAvanA / 5 diyA jo itihAsa kA sAdhana bnaa| usane na kevala prabandha kI paribhASA dI apitu itihAsa ko sAhitya ke ghere se bAhara nikaalaa| itihAsa jo aba taka kevala yuddhoM aura rAjasabhAoM kI ghaTanAoM taka sImita thA use rAjazekhara ne janasAmAnya ke dharAtala para lAkara khar3A kara diyaa| aitihAsika vikAsakrama meM rAjazekhara kA yaha mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai / aba jaina-prabandha itihAsa kI eka mAnaka paramparA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye jAne lge| rAjazekhara ke prabandhoM meM kalpanA-tatva gauNa ho gaye haiM aura isakA svarUpa itihAsa kI vidyA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho gayA, kyoMki rAjazekhara ne apane grantha meM unhIM prabandhoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai jinheM usane apane AcAryoM se zruta-paramparA meM prApta kiye the| uparyukta vikAsakrama meM jaina itihAsa kI kucha hI vidhAe~ dIkha par3atI haiN| parantu laukika jaina sAdhanoM meM paTTAvaliyA~, gurvAvaliyA~, rAjAvaliyA~, therAvaliyA~, khyAta, prazastiyA~, vijJaptipatra, carita, prabandha Adi jaina itihAsa kI anya vidhAe~ haiM jinheM jaina logoM ne prAcIna kAla se likhanA zurU kiyA thaa| prabandhoM ko chor3akara inako arddha aitihAsika mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki rAjAoM, jaina AcAryoM evaM sAdhAraNajanoM se sambandhita ghaTanAoM ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha ye tathya aura galpa ko mizrita kara detI haiN| jaina caritoM meM tIrthaGkaroM, cakravatiyoM tathA pUrva kAla ke RSiyoM kI paurANika jIvaniyA~ haiM / bhavadevasUri viracita pArzvanAthacarita, hemacandra kA 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' isake udAharaNa haiN| ye jainacarita bhI usI taraha arddha-aitihAsika haiM, kyoMki inameM bhI tathya evaM galpa yuganaddha haiN| ataH ina vidhAoM meM kevala jaina-prabandha hI eka svatantra zAstra kI bhA~ti jaina-itihAsa ko eka pRthak aura svatantra astitva pradAna karatA hai| jaina itihAsa kI isa zAkhA kI ora hama aitihAsika vistAra ke lie unmukha hote haiN| ina prabandhoM kI racanA bAda meM huI para ye deza 1. rAjazekhara ne 'prabandha' zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga granthArambha meM kiyA hai tatpazcAt bappabhaTTisUriprabandha (prako, pR0 37), harSakaviprabandha (vahI, pR0 55 ), vikramAditya prabandha ( vahI, pR0 83 ) tathA vastupAla prabandha ( vahI, pR0 117 ) meM kiyA hai /

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6] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana kI prAcIna prAmANika paramparAoM para AdhArita haiM aura atIta kA yathArtha citraNa prastuta karate haiM / 'prabandha' zabda kA prayoga barAbara badalatA rahA hai / prabandha kA maulika artha grantha-racanA hai / yaha saMskRta ke pra + bandha se milakara banA hai jisakA Azaya hai racanA karanA / dUsare zabdoM meM paramparAnumodana ke sAtha kisI viSaya kA gadya yA padya meM prastutIkaraNa prabandha kahalAtA hai / parantu prabandha kA rUr3hivAdI artha mahAkAvyoM se samparkita kiyA jAtA rahA aura unheM prabandha-kAvya pukArA gayA hai / paravartI kAla meM, pratiSThita puruSoM se sambandhita aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para AdhArita laghu-kathAoM ko prabandha kahA gayA / ataH eka avirala aura susambaddha vRttAnta yA vyAkhyAna ko prabandha kahA jAne lagA / kintu Aja 'prabandha' zabda na to maulika artha meM aura na rUr3hivAdI artha meM hI prayukta hotA hai, pratyut Aja ise zodha-grantha ke lie istemAla kiyA jAtA hai / jaina granthakAroM ne 'prabandha' zabda kA viziSTa artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| gujarAta aura mAlavA ke vAGmaya kA eka viziSTa rUpa jaina -prabandha hai, jo vizeSataH jaina granthakAroM dvArA racA gayA thA / eka aitihAsika vRttAnta ko prabandha nAma diyA gayA hai jo prAyaH sarala saMskRta yA prAkRta gadya aura kabhI-kabhI padya meM likhA gayA hai / ' hemacandra prathama vidvAn thA jisane prabandha-kAvya se bhinna sAhitya ke eka svatantra rUpa prabandha ke astitva ko mAnyatA dI / jinabhadra kI prabandhAvali ( 1234 I0 ) prAcInatama prabandha-grantha hai kintu isameM jaina -prabandha ko paribhASita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / prabhAcandra ne isa sambandha meM apanA vicAra prakaTa kiyA hai ki jaina - prabandha kI viSaya-vastu paramparA se grahaNa karanI cAhiye aura isameM mRdu caritroM evaM mahAna kAryoM kA hI varNana karanA cAhiye / ' yadyapi merutuGga ne bhI jaina- prabandha kI koI spaSTa paribhASA nahIM kI hai tathApi prabandhacintAmaNi ke maMgalAcaraNa se usakA prabandha se sambandhita mantavya prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai / 'prabandhacintAmaNi' nAmaka grantha kaI saMgrahoM ko milAkara gU~thA gayA hai / ye gadyabaddha prabandha 1. de0 lisamava, pR0 144 / 2. prabhAva, pu0 1 tathA de0 vahI, prAstA0 vaktavya, jinavijaya, pU0 5 /

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prastAvanA ( jaina-prabandha ) prasiddha puruSoM ke vibhinna itivRtta aura jIvana-kathAe~ haiM jo granthakAra ke samaya se adhika pahale kI nahIM hai| aise itivRtta va jIvana-kathAe~ vidvajjanoM kI saparamparA para AdhArita haiM jinameM adhikAMza saMgraha aura gadya-vRttAnta haiN| ataH ve prAmANika haiM, saralatA se samajha meM Ate haiM aura buddhimAna logoM ko prasanna karate haiN| jaina-prabandha ko sarvaprathama spaSTataH paribhASita karane kA zreya rAjazekhara sUri ko diyA jAnA cAhiye / rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki jainaprabandha una mahApuruSoM kI jIvana-kathAe~ haiM, jo AryarakSita (nidhana 30 I0 ) ke samaya ke bAda hue haiN| rAjazekhara ne svayaM gurumukha se sunakara caubIsa vistRta prabandhoM kA saMgraha kiyaa| usake caubIsa prabandhoM meM sAta rAjavarga ke prabandha haiM aura zeSa AcAryoM, kaviyoM aura aura sAmAnyajanoM ke haiN| kucha Adhunika vidvAnoM ne jaina-prabandhoM ko arddha aitihAsika mAnA hai kyoMki ye aitihAsika puruSoM kA varNana karate hue itivRttoM ke saMgraha haiM, na ki vAstavika jIvaniyA~ yA itihAsa / parantu kucha Adhunika vidvAn jaina-prabandhoM ko adhikAMzataH aitihAsika mAnate haiM kyoMki ye prAyaH jIvanI sambandhI aise varNana haiM jo kisI prasiddha aitihAsika sUri, vidvAn yA rAjapuruSa se sambandhita hote haiN|' 1. praci, pR0 1, zloka 6 va 7 / 2. "vaktaHprAyeNacaritaiH prabandhazca kAryam / tatra .... ... AryarakSitAntAnAM vRttAni caritAni ucyante / tatpazcAtkAlabhAvinAM tu narANAM vRttAni prabandhA itiH / " prako, pR0 1; de0 hemajI, pR0 6 bhii| 3. "idAnIM vayaM gurumukhazrutAnAM vistIrNAnAM rasADhyAnAM caturviMzateH prabandhAnAM saMgrahaM kurvANAH sma / " vahI, pR047; de0 leksiko pR0 77 / 4. hiili, pR0 519; viNTaranitsa : jaihiili, pR0 14; mehandale aiNDa pusAlkara : delahI saltaneta, hisTarI aiNDa kalcara oNpha da iNDiyana pIpula, ji0 6, bambaI, 1960, pR. 474; pAhinAi, pR0 3; thApara, romilA : bhArata kA iti., nayI dillI, 1983, pR0 238 / / 5. AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha, kalakattA, 1961, tRtIya khaNDa, pR0 15; jainaso, pR0 18; de0 pR0 324 va pR0 326 /

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8 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prastuta jaina-prabandha vizAla jaina-sAhitya kA eka choTA rUpa hai, jo gadya aura padya donoM meM tathA sarala saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura prAcIna rAjasthAnI meM terahavIM zatAbdI se lekara solahavIM zatAbdI taka likhe gaye / yadyapi jaina-prabandha jaina-sAhitya kA eka gatyAtmaka rUpa rahA / hai tathApi ise kisI nizcita paribhASA meM Abaddha karanA kaThina hai kyoMki jo viSaya jitanA mahatvapUrNa, vikAsazIla aura lacIlA hotA hai usako paribhASAoM dvArA sImita karanA bar3A kaThina ho jAtA hai| phira bhI isakI paribhASA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai ki jaina-prabandha choTe-choTe adhyAyoM meM vibhakta itihAsa kI eka vidhA hai, jo gujarAta, mAlavA yA rAjasthAna ke jaina granthakAroM dvArA terahavIM se solahavIM zatAbdI taka saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza kI gadya-padya zailI meM likhe gaye haiM jinameM se adhikAMza aitihAsika haiN| uparyukta paribhASA kA vizleSaNa karane se jaina-prabandhoM kI kucha vizeSatAe~ spaSTa ho jAtI haiM / yathA-( 1 ) jaina-prabandha jaina-itihAsa kA eka viziSTa rUpa hai / ( 2 ) ye choTe-choTe adhyAyoM meM likhe gaye haiM / ( 3 ) inakI racanA gadya aura padya donoM meM huI hai| ( 4 ) inakI bhASA adhikatara sarala saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura prAcIna rAjasthAnI hai| (5) inake racayitA prAyaH jaina matAvalambI haiN| (6) inakI racanA kA samaya terahavIM zatAbdI se zurU hotA hai / (7) ye mUlataH gujarAta, mAlavA aura rAjasthAna meM likhe gaye tathA (8) inameM se adhikAMza prabandha aitihAsika haiM / isa dRSTi se rAjazekhara kA prabandhakoza kevala eka jaina-prabandha nahIM apitu aneka jaina-prabandhoM kA eka saMkalita grantha hai| ___ jaina-prabandhoM ke rUpoM dvArA hI unakI viSaya-vastu nirdhArita kI gaI hai / yadi ve gadya-pradhAna haiM to prAyaH aitihAsika vRttoM ko yA itihAsasambandhI sUcanAoM ko apanA viSaya banAte haiN| yadi ve padya-pradhAna haiM to aitihAsika sAmagriyoM ke hote hue bhI ve itihAsa kI apekSA sAhitya ke adhika samIpa Ate haiM aura arddha aitihAsika kahe jA sakate haiN| jaina-prabandhoM meM varNita caritra va ghaTanAe~ aitihAsika haiN| jina aitihAsika caritroM kA cayana kiyA gayA hai ve guNavAna aura guNahIna donoM prakAra ke haiN| upadezAtmaka uddezya kadama-kadama para dIkha par3atA

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prastAvanA hai| vAstavika jIvana para AdhArita rocaka itivRtta inakA pramukha varNyaviSaya hai| inameM kalpanApradhAna kathAoM kA sRjana aura atimAnavIya zaktiyoM kA varNana bahuta kama kiyA gayA hai| adhikAMza jaina-prabandha rAjakIya Azraya ke abhAva meM likhe gye| kAlakramIya AdhAra para jaina-prabandhoM ko prArambhika va paravartI vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo jaina-prabandha zurU ke sau varSoM taka likhe gaye unheM prathama varga meM rakhA gayA hai aura bAda vAloM ko dvitIya varga meN| vAstava meM, prArambhika jaina-prabandha terahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya se lekara caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka lagabhaga 115 varSoM meM race gaye hai| ye sAmAnya, paraspara sambandhita aura atyadhika aitihAsika mahatva ke haiM jabaki paravartI jaina-prabandha viziSTa aura vyakti vizeSa kA nAmAbhidhAna grahaNa karane vAle haiN| ye paraspara asambandhita aura apekSAkRta kama aitihAsika mahatva ke haiN| prazna uThatA hai ki jaina-prabandha kyA sAhitya ke kathA-varga meM Ate hai yA jIvanI athavA upanyAsa kI zreNI meM ? jaina-prabandha sAhitya ke anya rUpoM kI apekSA jIvanI ke hI kucha samIpa Ate haiN| kucha jaina-prabandhoM meM mahApuruSoM kI jIvaniyA~ bhI lipibaddha haiM, parantu kabhI-kabhI prabandhakAroM ne apane caritroM ke avaguNoM taka kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra ye jIvaniyoM se bhI bhinna haiN| prabandhakAra Avazyaka bAtoM kA cayana karatA thA aura Avazyaka pakSoM kA hI nirUpaNa karatA thaa| ataH jaina-prabandha kevala jIvaniyA~ hI nahIM apitu ghaTanAoM kA, rAjya kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika, Arthika va dhArmika avasthAoM kA hI adhikatara varNana hai| jaina-prabandha upanyAsoM yA lagha upanyAsoM se bhI bhinna hai kyoMki pravandhakAra ko svecchayA yA AvazyakatAnusAra kisI nAyaka kI racanA karane kA adhikAra nahIM hai| use ghaTanA yA vArtAlApa ko gar3hane athabA kisI tathya ko chor3a dene kI bhI svatantratA nahIM hai| jaina-prabandhoM kI bhA~ti paravartI kAla ke mahArASTra meM marAThI bakhara ( itivRtta ) likhe gaye the| mahArASTra kA paravartI itihAsa-lekhana marAThI bhASA meM hai jinameM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa aura vipula saMkhyA meM

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10] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prApta itivRtta haiM jo bakhara kahalAte haiN|" marAThI bakhara bhI jaina - prabandhoM kI taraha choTe-choTe adhyAyoM meM likhe jAte the / kucha bakhuroM meM samasAmayika aura prAthamika itihAsa-lekhana haiM parantu adhikAMza gauNa itihAsa-lekhana kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / jaina- prabandhoM kI tulanA meM marAThI bakhara kAlakrama tathA aitihAsika jhalakiyoM meM nirbala avazya haiM parantu ve na to pUrvAgraha meM pha~sate haiM aura na nyAya ko dizAhIna karate haiM / grANTa Dapha ciTaNIsakRta bakhara kI prazaMsA bhI karatA hai ki isameM maulika kAgajAtoM yA mUla pratiyoM se saMkalana kiyA gayA hai jo una pUrvajoM se sambandhita hai jo rAyagar3ha, jiJjI aura satArA ke rAjadarabAroM ke pratiSThita vyakti the / marAThIbakhara ina dRSTiyoM se prabandhoM se mela khAte haiN| ho sakatA hai ki gujarAta, mAlavA, rAjasthAna ke itihAsa lekhana kI isa vidhA kA prabhAva mahArASTra meM par3A ho / anta meM, jaina-carita aura jaina- prabandha meM antara spaSTa karane kI eka mahatvapUrNa samasyA zeSa raha jAtI hai / jainoM meM carita racane kI paramparA ati prAcIna aura lokapriya rahI hai / aitihAsika viSayoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA ke kAraNa unameM aitihAsika tatva gauNa hote gae aura kAvya-tatva ko pradhAnatA milatI gaI / jaina - carita prAya: paurANika, romAMsika yA arddha aitihAsika zailI meM milate haiM, jaise - paumacariu, riTTaNemicariu, triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita, kumArapAlacarita candraprabhacarita karakaNDucariu, jasahara 1. de0 rAliMsana, eca0 jI0 : sorsa buka oNpha marAThA hisTarI, grantha 1; bambaI, 1929, a: mukha, pR0 pA~cavA~ pANDe, govindacandra ( sampA0 ) itihAsa : svarUpa evaM siddhAnta, jayapura, 1973, pR0 95; vArDara, e0 ke0 : aina iNTroDakzana TU iNDiyana hisToriyograiphI, bambaI 1972, adhyAya 26 vA~ | , , 2. rAlisana, pUrva nirdiSTa, pR0 43 / bakhara bhI paurANika itihAsa-lekhana kI paramparA kA nirvAha karate haiM / tithi vihInatA, ghaTanAkrama meM bhrama, atimAnavIya upakathAoM ke samAveza Adi ke doSa inameM bhI pAye jAte

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prastAvanA t 49 1 cariu Adi / inameM viSaya-vistAra maryAdita hotA hai / " carita kathAtmaka adhika aura varNanAtmaka kama hote haiM / prAyaH anta meM nAyaka kisI preraNA yA upadeza se saMsAra se virakta hokara jaina muni bana jAtA hai / jena carita meM kathArambha hetu vaktA zrotA yojanA avazya hotI hai / praznottara - yojanA guru-ziSya, kathAvid-zrAvaka, kavi kavipatnI ke bIca prAyaH pAyI jAtI hai / caritoM kA kathAnaka jaTila hotA hai / ye uddezya pradhAna hote haiM / inameM alaukika, aprAkRtika aura atimAnavIya zaktiyoM aura kAryoM kA samAveza avazya rahatA hai / parantu jaina-carita va jaina - prabandha meM antara banAye rakhanA kaThina hai / 'carita' nAmAbhidhAna apabhraMza sAhitya meM pracalita thA / uttara apabhraMza kAla meM 'prabandha' ne zanaiH-zanaiH ise sthAnApanna kara diyA / taba yaha vaiyaktika ruci kA viSaya ho gayA ki amuka grantha ko prabandha kahA jAya athavA carita / isIliye kabhI-kabhI jaina - prabandha aura jaina carita ko eka samAna mAna liyA jAtA hai kintu ina donoM meM antara hai / prAcInatA kI dRSTi se jaina-carita adhika purAnA hai| rAjazekharasUri ke anusAra tIrthaGkaroM, cakravartinoM Adi aura AryarakSita taka ke RSiyoM ke jIvana vRttAnta carita kahalAte haiM / isa kathana kA koI prAcIna AdhAra nahIM hai / isa vibheda kA vidvAnoM ne pAlana nahIM kiyA / ataH jaina-carita paurANika jIvaniyA~ haiM / hemacandra kA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita jaina-carita kA aura merutuGga kI prabandhacintAmaNi jaina- prabandhoM kA sarvazreSTha udAharaNa hai / jaina-carita, jaina- prabandha kI apekSA kAyA meM adhika bRhad hote haiM. eka hI puruSa kA carita eka hI grantha meM Abaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai jabaki jaina - prabandhoM ke eka grantha meM kaI puruSoM yA ghaTanAoM ke kaI choTe-choTe prabandha gU~the jAte haiM / jaina-carita arddhaaitihAsika aura paurANika hote haiM jabaki jaina - pravandha adhikAMzataH aitihAsika hote haiM | sAhitya ke rUpa va viSaya-vastu kI dRSTiyoM se bhI inameM antara hai / 1. bhAyANI, harivallabha : paumasiricariu, bhUmikA, pR0 15 / 2. jaihiili pR0 13; lisamava, pR0 103; pAhinAi pR0 1 va 3; jaisAbRiti, bhAga 6, pR0 418 /

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12 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jaina-prabandha prAyaH gadya meM haiM jabaki jaina-carita muzkila se gadya meM likhe gaye haiN| pahale vAle sAmAnyatayA gujarAta, mAlavA ke zvetAmbaroM dvArA likhe gaye haiM jabaki bAda vAle zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM donoM dvaaraa| jaina-prabandhoM meM upakathAe~ yA antarkathAe~ kama haiM parantu jainacaritoM meM inakI bahulatA ke sAtha-sAtha viSayAntara bhI ho jAyA karatA hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se jaina-prabandha sarala saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM adhika likhe hue haiM kintu paravartI jaina-carita mukhyatayA saMskRta meM hI likhe hue haiM jinakI bhASA adhika rur3hivAdI aura kliSTa hai| kabhIkabhI nAmAbhidhAna kI dRSTi se bhI ina donoM meM antara sthApita kiyA jAtA hai kintu yaha sadA sahI nahIM ThaharatA hai| isa dRSTi se antara sthApita karane ke lie pratyeka grantha kA alaga-alaga aura vyaktigata DhaMga se avalokana karanA par3atA hai / kyoMki 'prabhAvakacarita', 'kumArapAlacarita' Adi granthoM ke carita nAmAbhidhAna hote hue bhI unameM prabandhoM ko hI likhA gayA hai| aitihAsika pahu~ca ke dRSTikoNa se bhI ina donoM meM kAfI antara hai| jaina-prabandhoM kI pahu~ca aura lekhana-praNAlI aitihAsika hai jabaki jaina-caritoM meM inakA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| jaina-prabandhoM meM kAraNatva, sAkSya, srota, tathya, kAlakrama Adi para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA hai / ataeva prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prArambha karane se pUrva prabandhakAra kI jIvanI va kRtitva para prakAza DAlA jaayegaa|

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adhyAya-2 prabandhakAra kI jIvanI va kRtitva jaina-dharma kI vyAvahArika unnati AcAryo-sUriyoM para nirbhara hai tathA saiddhAntika unnati granthakAroM-itivRttakAroM pr| saMyoga se rAjazekharasUri donoM hI prakAra kI unnati karane vAle sUri aura itihAsakAra donoM hI the| ve apane yuga kI AkAMkSAoM ko zabda de sake, yuga ko batA sake ki unakI AkAMkSAe~ kyA haiM aura unakI kriyAnviti bhI kara ske| ataH prastuta adhyAya itihAsa-darzana ke isa sUtra para AdhArita hai ki itihAsa kA adhyayana karane se pahale itihAsakAra kA adhyayana karanA cAhiye / parantu durbhAgya se itihAsakAra rAjazekhara kI jIvanI ke sambandha meM Aja taka bahuta kama likhA huA prApta hotA hai| cUMki kucha jIvaniyoM kA itihAsa ko gambhIra yogadAna hotA hai aura granthakAra kI jIvanI kA jJAna usakI kRtiyoM ko samajhane meM sahAyaka siddha hotA hai, isaliye prabandhakozakAra rAjazekhara kI jIvanI va kRtitva para prakAza DAlane kA yahA~ para sarvaprathama prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| prabandhakAra kI jIvanI va kRtitva kI jAnakArI ke sAdhana usake grantha tathA grantha-prazasti haiN| rAjazekhara kA janma sthAna aNahillapura thaa| yaha prabandhakoza ke Antarika va bAhya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| caMki kisI bhI srota meM rAjazekhara ke janmasthAna kA nAmollekha nahIM huA hai isaliye prApta tathyoM ke AdhAra para vividha sambhAvanAoM kA vivecana karake kevala anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi granthakAra-prazasti ke anusAra rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza kI pUrNAhuti dillI meM kI, tathApi Antarika sAkSyoM se yaha bhAsita hotA hai ki usakA janma-sthAna gujarAta meM sambhavataH aNahillapura thA, na ki dillii| prabandhakoza meM aNahillapattana kA bAraha se adhika sthAnoM para ullekha huA hai; jabaki dillI kA kevala cAra sthAnoM pr| isake alAvA prabandhakoza meM dillI ke Asa-pAsa ke

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14 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana nagaroM kA utanA vistRta varNana nahIM huA hai jitanA aNahillapattana ke Asa-pAsa ke zatruJjaya, stambhatIrtha, somanAtha, bhRgukaccha, dhavalakka, zrImAla, AbU, jAvAlipura, ujjayinI Adi kaa| prabandhakoza ke bAhya sAkSya bhI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi karate haiN| vibhinna pratiyoM ke prApti-sthAna ke AdhAra para rAjazekhara kA janma-sthAna aNahillapattana pratIta hotA hai kyoMki vahA~ se prabandhakoza kI adhikAMza pratiyA~ prApta huI haiM, jabaki dillI se eka bhI nhiiN| ina tathyoM se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki dillI ke rAjanItika mahatva aura usase rAjazekhara ke sambandha ke hote hue bhI rAjazekhara kA aNahillapattana se vizeSa sambandha thaa| yaha sambandha kevala jaina dharma ke kAraNa nahIM thA, kadAcit hemacandra kA isase vyaktigata lagAva thaa| yaha sambhAvanA samucita pratIta hotI hai ki rAjazekhara ke janma aura usake prArambhika varSoM se yaha nagara sambandhita thaa| rAjazekhara kA janma terahavIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM huA thaa| isa sambandha meM nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kucha saTIka kahanA kaThina hai| janma-kAla ke nirdhAraNa ke lie usakI graMtha-racanA-tithi 134849 I0 ko AdhAra mAnakara anumAna lagAyA gayA hai ki usakA janma terahavIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM huA hogA kyoMki una dinoM bahudhA pacAsa-sATha varSa kI paripakva Ayu meM graMtha-racanA karane kI paramparA thii| parantu durbhAgya se na to rAjazekhara ke mAtA-pitA ke hI viSaya meM jJAta hai aura na usake bAlyakAla ke bAre meN| prabandhakozakI granthakAra-prazasti se itanA avazya vidita hotA hai ki rAjazekhara praznavAhanakula kI koTikagaNa kI madhyama zAkhA kA thaa| prabandhakoza ke Antarika sAkSyoM se siddha hotA hai ki zvetAmbara jaina-dharma kA upAsaka hote hue bhI usameM dharma-sahiSNutA kI paryApta mAtrA thI aura rAjazekhara harSapurIya gaccha kA thA jise maladhAra gaccha bhI kahate haiM / 1. de. jinavijaya, prako, prAstAvika vaktavya, pR. 5-7 / 2. prako, pR. 131; jaipai, pR0 22,54, 211.213, 568, 616-619 / 3. de0 prako, pR0 131 tathA jaipai, pR0 195, 343, 377, 481, 519, 542, 568, 617-619 / harSapura nagara cittaur3a ke rAjA allaTa rAja kI

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prabandhakAra kI jIvanI va kRtitva [15 jaina AgamoM ke anusAra gaccha-dIkSA kA pAtra vahI vyakti hai, jo kisI kA upadeza sunakara, apane svatantra cintana se saMsAra kI asAratA ke prati dRr3havizvAsI ho jAtA hai aura jisameM zAzvata-sukha ( mokSa ) kI tIvra utkaNThA ho jAtI hai| ataH gaccha-vRddhi kI dIkSA ke bAda rAjazekhara ne adhyayana zurU kara diyA hogaa| prabandhakoza ke Antarika sAkSyoM evaM anya upalabdha TIkAoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara kA adhyayana bar3A vyApaka thaa| prabandhakoza meM usane jaina-Agama-granthoM ( sUtroM ) haribhadra ke granthoM, laukika sAhitya granthoM, pUrvavartI jainacaritoM va jaina prabandhoM, jainetara mahAkAvyoM, purANoM evaM granthoM ke sthAna-sthAna para ullekha kiye haiN| rAjazekhara ne inameM se kucha kA maMthana, kucha kA adhyayana aura Alor3ana avazya kiyA hogaa| rAjazekhara ne svaracita 'nyAya-kandalI' paJjikA meM jinaprabhasari ko apane adhyApaka ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| usI prakAra rudrapallIya gaccha ke saMghatilaka sUri ne bhI samyaktvasaptatikAvRtti meM jinaprabhasUri ko apanA vidyAguru batalAyA hai| isI prakAra 1292 I0 meM nAgendragaccha ke mallISaNasUri ne apanI syAdvAdamaJjarI meM jinaprabhasUri dvArA prApta sahAyatA kA ullekha kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jinaprabhasUri isa prakAra ke udIyamAnoM ko apane adhIna paThana-pAThana kA avasara dete rahate the| svayaM rAjazekhara ne unase 'nyAya-kandalI' grantha kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| sambhavataH usake bAda hI usane ukta grantha para paJjikA likhI ho| rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza ke vibhinna sthaloM meM gyAraha vidyAoM ke nAma ginAe~ haiM aura unake prayoga ke bhI ullekha kiye haiM, jaise- gaganagAminIvidyA, gardabhI vidyA, cakrezvarI, trailokyavijayinI, parakAyapraveza vidyA, jaina gAyana, mAtuliGgI, saJjIvanI vidyA, sarSapavidyA, rAnI hUNa rAjaputrI harIyadevI ke nAma se basAyA gayA / vahA~ ke jainasaMgha meM majjhimA zAkhA praznavAhana kula ke AcArya priyagrantha sUri padhAre / taba se praznavAhanakula ke gaccha kA nAma harSapurIya par3A aura rAjA karNadeva ke samaya meM harSapurIya gaccha kA nAma maladhAra gaccha pdd'aa|

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16 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana hemavidyA tathA hemasiddhi vidyaa| ataH Antarika sAkSyoM se pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ko kama-se-kama ina vidyAoM ke viSaya meM prArambhika jAnakArI avazya rahI hogii| rAjazekhara abhayadevasUri kI paramparA meM hue haiN| abhayadeva nAma ke sAta sUrivara bhinna-bhinna gacchoM meM ho cuke haiN| kintu rAjazekhara kI guru-paramparA vAle abhayadeva harSapurIya gaccha ke sUri the jinakA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha mAnA jAtA hai| abhayadevasUri to rAjazekhara ke AdhyAtmika pUrvaja the| inhIM abhayadeva kI paramparA meM tilakasari hue / rAjazekhara, tilakari ke ziSya the| __ prabandhakoza ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ko itihAsa aura paryaTana se bar3A prema thaa| unhoMne apane jIvana meM bhArata ke bahuta se bhAgoM meM paribhramaNa kiyA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki gujarAta, rAjapUtAnA, mAlavA, madhyapradeza, dakSiNa bhArata, karNATaka, telaMgAnA, uttara bhArata, dillI pradeza, baMgAla-bihAra Adi ke aneka purAtana evaM prasiddha sthAnoM kI unhoMne yAtrA kI thii| ina rAjyoM meM par3ane vAle sthAnoM ke nAma grantha meM aneka bAra Aye haiM jinakI akArAdikramAnusAra sUcI Age dI huI hai / sthala-bhramaNa ke samaya vibhinna sthAnoM ke viSaya meM jo bhI itihAsagata aura paramparAzruta bAteM unheM jJAta huIM, unako unhoMne saMkSepa meM lipibaddha kara liyA aura isa taraha una sthAnoM kA saTIka varNana kiyA albIrUnI ne likhA hai ki somanAtha ke pUjana ke lie nitya kazmIra se puSpa aura gaMgA se jala AtA thaa| to kyA rAjazekhara 1. muni caturavijaya ( sampA0 ) : jaina stotra-sandoha, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, ahamadAbAda, 1932, pR0 21 / 2. cAgu, pa0 65 / 3. de0 pariziSTa 3 / 4. mizra, jayazaMkara : gyArahavIM sadI kA bhArata, vArANasI, 1968, pR0 183-184; de0 vahI lekhaka : prA0 bhA0 kA sA0 iti0, bihAra hindI grantha akAdamI, paTanA, 1974, pR0 637 /

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prabandhakAra kI jIvanI va kRtitva [ 17 gujarAta se nikalakara ina pradezoM kA bhramaNa nahIM kara sakatA thA ? rAjazekhara maladhAri gaccha ke the / rAjazekhara ke vyApaka adhyayana, vividha vidyAoM kI jAnakArI evaM bRhad bhramaNa ne use sUri-pada ke yogya banA diyA hogA / use kaba sUri-pada pradAna kiyA gayA isakA patA nahIM calatA / muhammada tugalaka ne jinaprabhasUri kA dillI darabAra meM svAgata 1328 I0 meM kiyA thA / "usa satkAra ke samaya maladhAragacchIya rAjazekhara athavA anya koI rAjazekhara unake sAtha ho aisA koI pramANa prApta nahIM hai / ataH sambhAvanA isa bAta kI hai ki 1328 I0 ke pazcAt hI rAjazekhara ko sUri-pada prApta huA hogA / 112 muhammada bina tugalaka kaTTara musalamAnoM kI taraha islAma dharma kA pAlana nahIM karatA thA, kyoMki vaha ahalemAkulata ( vivekavAda ) kA himAyatI thA na ki ahalemanakUlata ( paramparAvAda ) kA | 1328 I0 meM sultAna ne jaina vidvAn jinaprabhasUri kA aura 1333 I0 meM arabI vidvAn ibnabatUtA kA dillI darabAra meM sammAna kiyA thA / muhammada tugalaka ne jaina vidvAn ko apane samIpa baiThAyA, aizvarya pradAna karanA cAhA, basADI upAzraya ke nirmANa kA pharamAna preSita kiyA tathA sUri ko gajArUr3ha karAkara eka zobhAyAtrA nikalavAyI / isa satkAra se do tathya ubhar3akara sAmane Ate haiM / eka to sUri ke sAtha unake anya ziSya bhI sammAnita hue hoMge jinameM rAjazekhara bhI rahA hogA, kyoMki unake dIrghakAlIna dillI - pravAsa aura vahIM prabandha racanA se isakI puSTi hotI hai / dUsare Adhunika dRSTikoNa se sultAna ke caritra meM ise eka viziSTa guNa mAnanA cAhiye ki vaha apane yuga kI dharmAndhatA se Upara uTha sakA / 1. de0 prako, pR0 7 131 / 2. vinayasAgara, mahopAdhyAya, nidezaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, lekhaka ko likhe patra kramAMka 452 dinAMka jayapura dvArA 24-9-91 kA uddharaNa / prosIDiMgs oNpha da i0 hi0 3. islAmika kalcara, bIsavA~, pR0 139 kAMgresa, pA~cavA~, pR0 296 madanagopAla ( anu0 ) : ibnabatUtA kI bhArata yAtrA, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1931, pR0 1 /

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18] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jisa taraha jinaprabhasUri ne muhammada tugalaka ke darabAra meM gaurava prApta kiyA, usI taraha rAjazekhara ne bhI pradhAnatayA dillI meM nivAsa karane ke kAraNa dillI ke isa sultAna para apanA prabhAva chor3A hogA, kyoMki muhammada tugalaka bahuzruta thA aura rAjazekhara muhammada tugalaka kA samakAlIna bhI thA / sUripada prApta kara lene se rAjazekharasUri kI prasthiti meM abhivRddhi huI / aisI sthiti ke anurUpa jo bhUmikA unhoMne adA kI vaha jainaitihAsa meM sadA smaraNIya rahegI / rAjazekhara ne dillI meM rahakara jagat siMha ke putra sAha mahaNasiMha kI preraNA se vi0 saM0 1405 ( lagabhaga 1349 I0 ) meM caturviMzati - prabandha ( prabandhakoza ) kI racanA kI thI / yahA~ ghaTanA meM eka Azcaryajanaka sAmya dekhane ko milatA hai / jinaprabha ne 1328 I0 meM dillI meM rahakara 'rAjaprAsAda' nAmaka zatruJjaya kalpa kI racanA kI aura rAjazekhara ne bhI ThIka bIsa varSa bAda usI dillI meM prabandhakoza kI racanA kI / itihAsa svayaM ko duharAtA hai / rAjazekhara kI ruci saMgIta kI ora bhI thI kyoMki usakA ziSya sudhAkalaza saMgItazAstra kA prakANDa vidvAn nikalA / sudhAkalaza ne 1349 I0 meM 'saMgItopaniSatsAroddhAra' kI racanA kI hai| isa grantha kI prazasti meM sudhAkalaza ne sUcita kiyA hai ki svayaM usake dvArA 1323 I0 meM racita 'saMgItopaniSad' kA yaha grantha sArarUpa hai / 'saMgItopaniSatsAroddhAra' meM cha: adhyAya kramazaH gIta, tAla, svararAga, vAdya, nRtyAMga aura nRtyapaddhati ke prakAzana haiM / isameM kula 610 zloka haiM / rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza meM gAyana-vAdana kA yatheSTa ullekha kiyA hai / jinAlayoM meM vAdya yantra kA ghoSa hotA thA / rAjazekhara ko vibhinna vAdya yantroM kA jJAna thA jisase isakI puSTi ho jAtI hai / paNava (Dhola ), mRdaGga, vINA, veNu ( vaMzI ) prabhRti vAdya yantroM ke kaI bAra ullekha Ae haiN| rAga vasaMta aura rAga Andolaka ke varNana 1. de0 prako, pR0 131 ojhA, hIrAcandra kavi rAjazekhara kA samaya, nA0 pra0 patrikA, bhAga 6, puM0 362 Ti0 /

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prabandhakAra kI jIvanI va kRtitva [19 bhI kiye gaye haiN| sudhAkalaza muni rAjazekharasUri kA ziSya thA, isakA eka aura pramANa 'ekAkSaranAmamAlA " kA antima padya hai jisameM granthakAra sudhAkalaza ne apanA paricaya dete hue apane ko maladhArigacchabhartA guru rAjazekharasUri kA ziSya batAyA hai| 1 rAjazekhara ke nidhana kI tithi prApta nahIM hotI hai kintu itanA avazya hai ki usane dIrghAyu prApta kI thI / usane 1348-49 I0 meM prabandhakoza kI racanA kI thI / parantu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara phiroja tugalaka kA zAsana ( 1351-88 I0 ) adhika dinoM taka na dekha sakA, kyoMki aba vaha prAyaH sATha-paiMsaTha varSa kI Ayu kA ho cukA thA / sAhityika pramANa rAjazekhara ke lie antima tithi vi0 saM0 1410 ( tadanusAra 1352-53 I0 ) pradAna karate haiM jaba usane zAntinAthacarita kA saMzodhana kiyA thA / ataH isI tithi ke Asa-pAsa rAjazekhara kI mRtyu huI hogI / isa prakAra terahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM janme rAjazekhara ne vyApaka adhyayana, paryaTana va vividha vidyAoM kI jAnakArI dvArA sUripada prApta kara, muhammada tugalaka ke samaya meM pratiSThA arjita kI tathA prabandhakozAdi granthoM evaM ziSya - samudAya ko chor3akara caudahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM mahAprayANa kiyA / caudahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM rAjazekhara kA mahAprayANa to ho gayA thA, kintu usakI kRtiyA~ Aja bhI jIvita haiM / ye kRtiyA~ usake kavi, TIkAkAra, saMzodhaka, dArzanika aura itihAsakAra hone ke pramANa haiM / usakI kRtiyA~ mukhyataH saMskRta meM racI gayI haiM jinameM kahIM-kahIM prAkRta padyoM kA samAveza eka manohArI parivartana kA sUcaka ho jAtA hai, jaise antarkathA-saMgraha | ise kathA - saMgraha. yA vinodakathAsaMgraha, 1. de vahI, pR0 38, 48, 86, 91, 92 tathA 109 / 2. vijayakastUrasUri ( sampA0 ) 'abhidhAnacintAmaNi- koza', devacandra lAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa sIrIja, bambaI, koza kA pariziSTa, pR0 236-240 tathA usI saMsthA se prakAzita 'anekArtharatnamaJjUSA ' ke pariziSTa 'ka' meM sudhAkalaza kA prantha prakAzita hai /

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20] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana kautukakathA yA vinodakathA bhI kahate haiN| yaha sarala saMskRta-gadya meM likhA gayA kathAsaMgraha hai jisameM aneka rasapada kathAoM kA saMkalana hai|' isameM 86 kathAe~ dhArmika aura naitika zikSA kI haiM aura zeSa 14 vAkcAturI aura parihAsa dvArA manoraMjana kI haiN| isakI sarala zailI aura zabdavinyAsapraNAlI dezaja hai jo paJcatantra kI zailI jaisI hai| saMskRta, mahArASTrI aura apabhraMza padya isameM pracura rUpa se uddhRta haiN| gAthAoM meM kisI vrata kA mAhAtmya aura dRSTAntakathA dekara samajhAyA gayA hai / grantharacanA ke dhArmika aura laukika donoM dRSTikoNa haiM / __ isa grantha kI kucha kathAe~ brAhmaNa sAhitya se aura kucha jainAgamoM kI TIkAoM se saMkalita kI gayI haiN| isakI ATha kathAe~ pulle dvArA iTAliyana bhASA meM anadit haiN| isakI eka kathA kA "jajameNTa oNpha solomana' nAma se TesITorI ne aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai| usake sAtha nandisUtra kI malayagiri TIkA kI kathA bhI hai, jisakA yUropa kI kathAoM meM rUpAntara huA hai| 1918 I0 meM mUla pATha bambaI se prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kA gujarAtI anuvAda 1921 I0 meM jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara dvArA huA hai| rAjazekharasUri kA dUsarA grantha 'nyAyakandalI' kI TIkA hai / 'nyAyakandalI' grantha baMgAla nivAsI zrIdhara nAmaka eka ajaina dvArA racita hai jisa para rAjazekharasUri ne eka paJjikA vi0 saM0 1385 ( 1328 I0 ) meM racI thii| 'nyAyakandalI' kI TIkA meM rAjazekharasUri ne 'prAkRta prabodha' grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai / 'prAkRta prabodha' grantha kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ ahamadAbAda ke lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira meM haiN|' 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' ke 1. desAI, mohanalAla dulIcandra : jaina gurjara kaviyoM, bhAga 1, bambaI, 1925 I0, pR. 13 Ti ; jirako pR0 11, 96, 357 / . 2. de0 iNDi0 eNTi0, 42 tathA jaina, hIrAlAla : bhA0 saM0 meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1962, pR0 178 / 3. de. jirako 219 tathA 278 bhI; mizra, umeza : bhAratIya darzana, lakhanaU, 1975, pR0 228 / 4. jaisAbRiti, bhAga 5, pR0 71 /

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prabandhakAra kI jIvanI va kRtitva [ 21 AThaveM adhyAya para maladhAri upAdhyAya naracandrasUri ne avacUri rUpa 'prAkRta-prabodha' grantha kI racanA kI hai| AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne rAjazekharasUri kI 'nyAyakandalI' meM aura rudrapallIya saMghatilakasUri kI 1365 I0 meM racita 'samyaktvasaptativRtti' meM bhI sahAyatA kI thii| 1330 I0 meM rAjazekharasUri ne hemacandrakRta 'prAkRta dvayAzrayakAvya' para eka vRtti likhI / cauthA grantha syAdvAdakalikA hai| isameM 41 zloka haiN| yaha hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara dvArA (yuktiprakAza aura aSTaka ke sAtha ) prakAzita hai| rAjazekhara viracita 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA ke 17veM puSpa ke rUpa meM vArANasI se prakAzita hai| isameM mAtra 180 pada haiN| nijaguru kA bhaktipUrvaka smaraNa kara rAjazekhara ne isa grantha kI racanA zurU kI hai| isameM jainadarzana, sAMkhya, jaiminIya, zaiva, vaizeSika aura bauddha darzanoM ke parIkSaNa kiye gaye haiN| SaDdarzanasamuccaya ke 29veM pada meM 'siddhAntasAra' nAmaka grantha kA ullekha AyA hai, jo kisI jaina lekhaka dvArA tarkazAstra para likhA haA eka bar3A karkaza ( kaThina ) grantha hai|' yaha kRti rAjazekhara kI jIvanI ke dArzanika pakSa kA nirUpaNa karatI hai| subhASita aura sUkti ke rUpa meM jaina manISiyoM kI prAkRta aura saMskRta meM aneka racanAe~ milatI haiN| jaise prAkRta meM dharmadAsagaNi kRta upadezamAlA evaM hemacandrAcArya kA yogazAstraprakAza tathA saMskRta meM amitagati kA subhaassitrtnsndoh| rAjazekhara kRta 'upadezacintAmaNi' isI paramparA meM saMskRta meM racI gayI hai| ___'sUrimantra nityakarma' nAmaka grantha meM maladhArI gaccha ke sampradAya ke liye vihita nityakarma ke sUrimantra haiN| rAjazekhara ne inase sambandhita 1. leksiko, pR0 41 / 2. siddhAntasAra ityAdyAstAH paramakarkazAH / teSAM jayazrIdAnAya pragalbhante pade pade / / SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pada 29 /

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22] kiMcita vicAra vyakta kiye haiM / " kAtyAyana ke ' kAtantravyAkaraNa' ke AdhAra para AcArya rAjazekharasUri ne 'vRttitraya nibandha' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI hai, aisA ullekha 'bRhaTTippaNikA' meM hai / ' prabandhakauza kA aitihAsika vivecana jina - ratna - koza meM 'caturazItikathA' aura 'dAnapaTtriMzikA' kI racanA kA zreya bhI rAjazekhara ko diyA gayA hai kintu ye grantha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM ho sake haiM / eka anya TIkA 'ratnAkarAvatArikApaJjikA' ke racane kA zreya bhI use diyA jAtA hai / 'ratnAkarAvatArikA' pUrNimA gaccha ke guNacandra ke ziSya jJAnacandrasUri dvArA likhA gayA thA, jisa para rAjazekhara ne sambhavataH TippaNa likhA / parantu rAjazekhara kA eka kAvya 'neminAtha phAgu' aisA hai jo purAnI hindI meM racA gayA hai | mo0 du0 desAI ne 'neminAtha phAgu' kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1405 (1348 I0 ) ke lagabhaga svIkAra kiyA hai / hindI ke 27 padyoM ke choTe kAvya 'neminAtha phAgu' meM 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha aura rAjula kI kathA kA kAvyamaya nirUpaNa huA hai / " neminAtha kRSNa ke choTe bhAI the / jUnAgar3ha ke rAjA ugrasena kI kanyA rAjamatI ( rAjula ) ke sAtha unakA vivAha nizcita huA / bArAta gayI, kintu bhojya padArtha banane ke lie ekatra kiye gaye pazuoM ke krandana se dayArdra hokara unhoMne vairAgya le liyA / ve girinAra para tapa karane cale 1. 'zrI maladhArIgacchasampradAyAgatasya zrIsUrimantrasya kiMcidicAroM likhyate / ' sUrimantra nityakarma, zAha DAyAbhAI mahoka malAla, ahamadAbAda, 1930, pR0 1 / 2. jaisAbuiti bhAga 5, pR0 53 / 3. desAI, mohanalAla dulIcandra jaina gurjara kavioM, bhAga 10 bambaI, 1925, pR0 13 pAdaTippaNI / 4. siddhi jehi sai vara caria te titthayara namevI / phAgubaMdhi bahu nemi jiNu guNa gAesau kevI // rAjala devisauM sikSi gaeu so deu ghuNIjaI / malahArihi rAyasihara kiu phAgu ramI jaI /

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prabandhakAra kI jIvanI va kRtitva [23 gye| rAjula ne dUsarA vivAha nahIM kiyA aura neminAtha ke bhaktipUrNa viraha meM samUcA jIvana vyatIta kara diyaa| prabandhakoza 1348-49 I0 meM racA gayA thA, jisa para rAjazekhara kI khyAti TikI hai / anta meM rAjazekhara ko 'zAntinAthacarita' ke saMzodhana kA bhI zreya diyA jAtA hai| 'zAntinAthacarita' saMskRta meM bRhadgaccha ke guNabhadrasUri ke ziSya munibhadra dvArA likhA gayA thaa| yaha 19 kANDoM meM hai jisameM lagabhaga 5000 zloka haiN| yaha banArasa se prakAzita hai| rAjazekhara ne 1352-53 I0 meM zAntinAthacarita kA saMzodhana kiyA thaa| ___ isa prakAra rAjazekhara kI dIrghakAlika jIvanI aura vizAla kRtitva ne bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM meM eka navIna vicAradhArA pravAhita kI-"te nara vara thore jaga maahiiN|" cUMki unhoMne usa dhArA kA svaccha jala madhyakAlIna samAja ke lie sugama karA diyA, isaliye bhI ve hamArI abhyarthanA ke adhikArI haiN| rAjazekhara kI ina kRtiyoM se unakI jIvanI ke bahumukhI pakSoM kA udghATana hotA hai| vaha eka lekhaka, saMzodhaka, TIkAkAra, kavi, dArzanika aura itihAsakAra thaa| agale adhyAya meM isake pramukha grantha prabandhakoza kA paricaya diyA jaayegaa| 1. jirako, pR0 380, zAstrI, nemicandra : saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, bhA0 jJA0 pI0 prakAzana, dillI, 1971, pR. , 214 /

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adhyAya - 3 grantha- paricaya aitihAsika-sAMskRtika vikAsa ke do rUpa dekhane ko milate haiMrekhAvat aura cakravat / rekhAvat meM mAnava-jAti eka nizcita gantavya kI ora sIdhI rekhA meM bar3hatI hai / cakravat meM mAnavatA eka samAna avasthA athavA avasthAoM ko punaH punaH prApta huA karatI hai / prabandhakoza kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi kA vikAsa rekhAvat rUpa meM dikhAyI par3atA hai / parantu isakI rAjanItika va sAhityika pRSThabhUmi meM cakra - vat rUpa sakriya hai / rAjanIti meM parivartana aura sAhitya kA sarjana cakrIya gati meM punaH - punaH dIkha par3atA hai, kyoMki deza kI rAjanItika va sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ sAhitya kA rUpa nirdhAraNa karane vAlI preraka zaktiyA~ haiM / siddharAja va kumArapAla ke aizvaryakAla meM dvayAzraya jaise mahAkAvya bhI race jA sake, kintu tugalakayugIna bhArata kI rAjanItika va sAmAjika dazAoM ke anurUpa gujarAta, mAlavA va dillI meM mahAkAvya prabhRti kRtiyoM ke sthAna para laghu adhyAyaparaka sAhitya va itivRtta kI vidhAhI prasphuTita huI / kAlAntara meM tulasI ne mahAkAvya kI racanA akabara ke rAjatvakAla meM kI jabaki bAbara yA humAyU~ ke asthira zAsana kAla meM kabIra yA nAnaka dvArA sAhitya ke ukta rUpa kI sarjanA na ho sakI thI / ataH sAhityika aura itivRttAtmaka kRtiyoM kA pallavana samAja kI ruci aura una racanAoM ke paThana yA zravaNa ke samayAvakAza para bhI nirbhara karatA hai / vastutaH bhAratIya itihAsa meM koI aisA kAla nahIM thA jaba sampUrNa bhArata meM kevala musalamAnoM kA hI zAsana rahA ho aura hinduoM kI rAjasaMsthA samUla naSTa ho gaI ho / araboM kA sindha para AkramaNa bhAratIya itihAsa kI eka upakathA mAtra banakara raha gaI thI / usa samaya uttara bhArata meM choTe-choTe rAjapUta rAjya the / dakSiNa ke pUrva

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grantha- paricaya [ 25 madhyakAlIna rAjavaMzoM jaise - gaMga, kadamba, cAlukya aura rASTrakUToM ne jainoM ko prazraya diyA / turkI AkramaNoM ke bAda dAsa aura khiljI rAjavaMzoM kA zAsana huA / bhAratavarSa ke turkI rAjya meM hindU karma - cAriyoM ko prazAsana se pRthak nahIM rakhA jA sakatA thA kyoMki aisA karane se prazAsanika vyavasthA hI samApta ho sakatI thI aura deza meM arAjakatA kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI / phira bhI rAjavaMzIya parivartana drutagati se hone lage / tugalaka zAsana ke samaya bhI dakSiNa meM vijayanagara kA hindU rAjya atyanta zaktizAlI ho gayA thA muhammada bina tugalaka ( 1325-51 I0 ) ke zAsana kAla meM ratana, bhairo aura dharAdhara adhika se adhika unnati karake prAntIya vaz2Ira ke pada pA sake / phalataH dharmanirapekSa rAjanIti meM vaha alAuddIna se bahuta Age bar3ha gayA thA isake atirikta muhammada tugalaka satya kI khoja meM yogiyoM kI saMgati karatA thA aura darzana samajhane ke lie usane saMskRta bhI sIkha lI thI / ibnabatUtA ne likhA hai ki eka bAra muhammada tugalaka ne eka hindU ko 17 karor3a meM daulatAbAda kA ThekA diyA thA / usane samarasiMha ko telaMgAnA kA sUbedAra banAkara bhejA thA / usane jinaprabhasuri, rAjazekharasUri, mahendrasUri, somaprabhasUri aura somatilakasUri ke prati udAratA dikhalAyI thI / ataH muhammada tugalaka ke zAsanakAla meM hinduoM ko adhika sammAna milA, jisako dekhakara anya darabAriyoM ko IrSyA hone lagI / uparyukta rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi kA sAhityika kriyA-kalApoM para prabhAva par3anA avazyambhAvI thA / isa yuga meM AstikatA kI pyAsa atyadhika thI / zaMkara kA darzana vedAnta kA caramotkarSa thA jisake 1. IzvarI prasAda : bhAratIya madhyayuga kA itihAsa, ilAhAbAda, 1955, pu0 515 | madhyakAlIna yoropa kI bhAMti hindustAna ke loga bhI mantratantra, camatkAra Adi meM vizvAsa karate the aura muhammada tugalaka bhI hindU jogiyoM meM camatkAra dekhA karatA thA ( vahI pR0 517 ) / 2. zeTha, sI0 bI0 : jainiz2ma ina gujarAta, pR0 191; prosIDiMgsa oNpha iNDiyana hisTarI kAMgresa, 1941, pR0 301-302; husaina, AgA mehadI : tugalaka DAyanesTI, kalakattA, 1963, pR0 315 va 322 /

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26 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana phalasvarUpa mAnava-mastiSka meM vedoM kI mAna-pratiSThA bddh'ii| ataH mAnava sAhitya kI ora punaH jhukA aura zreSTha dhArmika evaM itivRttAtmaka sAhitya kA sRjana huaa| isa zatAbdI meM brAhmaNa dharma kA punaruddhAra, bauddha-dharma kA apanI janmabhUmi se lopa aura jaina-dharma kA bhArata ke kevala eka bhAga gujarAta aura rAjapUtAne meM parisImana ho rahA thaa| vijayanagara, vAraMgala aura gujarAta ke hindU zAsakoM ne saMskRta ke vikAsa ke lie avazya yogadAna kiyaa| kucha aMza taka dakSiNa bhArata meM bhakti Andolana ke kAraNa bhI saMskRta kA vikAsa huaa| isa yuga ke bhArata ne saMskRta sAhitya kI vibhinna vidhAoM meM hAsa ko dekhaa| sAhitya kA sAmAnya vyakti se samparka TUTa gyaa| sAhitya paNDitoM aura rAjasabhAoM taka sImita raha gyaa| sAhitya aura sAmAnyajana ke bIca meM eka vistRta antarAla paidA ho gyaa| rAjavaMzoM ke zAsaka saMskRta-vidyA ko protsAhana dene lge| isa yuga kA sAhitya purAnI lIka para calA, jisameM preraNA aura maulikatA kA abhAva thaa| aitihAsika kAvyoM kI racanA huI lekina saMskRta meM aitihAsika kRtiyoM kI kama racanA huii| kazmIrI paNDita bilhaNa ne 'vikramAMkadevacarita' likhA aura kalhaNa ne 'raajtrNginnii'| jaina lekhakoM ne bhI saMskRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM apanI yogyatA siddha kI, jinameM hemacandra kA nAma ati prasiddha hai| vaha kumArapAlacarita meM cAlukya kumArapAla kI jIvanI kA varNana karatA hai| yaha dvayAzraya kAvya bhI kahA jAtA hai| 12vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM jayAnaka ne pRthvIrAjavijaya likhI jo cAhamAna pRthvIrAja tRtIya kI zihAbuddIna gorI para vijayoM kA varNana karatA hai| 13vIM zatAbdI meM somezvara racita kIrtikaumudI aura arisiMha kRta sukRtasaMkIrtana gujarAta ke baghela rAjAoM ke mantrI vastupAla kI prazaMsA meM racI gayI / udayaprabhasUri ne sukRtakIrti-kallolinI nAmaka kAvya vastupAla ke sambandha meM likhaa| bAlacandrasUri kA vasantavilAsa gujarAta ke zAsakoM para eka prasiddha grantha hai| ___isa sAhityika pRSThabhUmi meM muslima sAhityakAroM evaM itivRttakAroM kA yogadAna aura rAjakIya saMrakSaNa bhI ullekhanIya hai| kutu -

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grantha-paricaya buddIna ne vidvAnoM evaM kaviyoM ke prati udAratA kA vyavahAra kiyA jisase use 'lAkhabakhza' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| iltutamiza ke darabAra meM khvAjA AbU nasra ( nAsarI ), muhammada ruhAnI, narUddIna muhammada auphI ityAdi ko Azraya prApta huA thaa| auphI ne 'lubAbula alabAba' aura 'javAmeula hikAmAtavA lavAmI urarivAyAta' nAmaka grantha likhe| nAsiruddIna ke darabAra meM phakharuddInanUnAkI, amida aura minahAjusasirAja pramukha vidvAna the| amIra khusaro nAsiruddIna ke zAsanakAla meM bhArata aayaa| usane dAsavaMza, khaljI aura tugalaka vaMza ke 11 sultAnoM ko apane jIvanakAla meM gaddI para baiThate aura utarate dekhaa| balabana ke samaya meM khusaro aura mIra hasana dehalavI ko saMrakSaNa prApta huA thaa| khusaro ne vibhinna viSayoM para 99 granthoM kI racanA kii| vidyA ke mahAna saMrakSaka muhammada bina tugalaka ( 1325-51 ) ke zAsanakAla meM ibnabatUtA bhArata AyA aura jiyAuddIna baranI 17 varSoM se adhika usake rAjadarabAra se sambandhita rhaa| usakA prasiddha itihAsa-grantha 'tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI' hai| 'sanAye muhammadI', 'inAyatanAmAye ilAhI', 'hasaratanAmA' Adi anya prasiddha grantha haiN| badruddIna muhammada cAca ne dIvAnA aura zAhanAmA tathA isAmI ne 'phutuhussalAtIna' likhaa| lagabhaga isI samaya jaina pravandhakAroM ne bhI anuzrutiyoM aura paramparAoM ke AdhAra para aitihAsika vRttAntoM kA saMgraha sampanna kiyaa| jaina vidvAnoM ko lekhana kArya meM sAdhuvarga aura samAja kI ora se aneka suvidhAe~ prApta thiiN| isa kAla kA jaina-dharma adhikAMza vyApArika varga ke hAtha meM thaa| dakSiNa aura pazcima bhArata meM dhanI vyApArika varga ke saMrakSaNa meM jaina-dharma bar3A hI phlaa-phlaa| dillI, AgarA aura ahamadAbAda ke kaI jaina parivAroM kA unake vyApArika sambandhoM evaM vizAla dhanarAzi ke kAraNa, darabAroM meM bar3A prabhAva thaa| ataH ina rAjanItika, sAmAjika va sAhityika paristhitiyoM meM prabhAcandra racita 'prabhAvakacarita', merutuGga kRta 'prabandhacintAmaNi' va 'vicArazreNI', jinaprabhasUri viracita 'vividhatIrthakalpa' aura rAjazekharasUri praNIta 'prabandhakoza' ne prasiddhi prApta kii|

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24) prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 1. racanA-kAla va sthAna ukta rAjanItika va sAhityika pRSThabhUmi meM rAjazekhara ne apane granthoM kI racanA kI thii| usane prabandhakozAntargata granthakAra-prazasti meM likhA hai ki 'zaragaganamanumitAbde' meM jyeSTha mAsa mUla nakSatra zuklapakSa kI saptamI ke dina yaha zAstra racA gyaa| yahA~ para grantharacanA kI tithi zabdoM meM dI gayI hai| 'zaragaganamanumitAbde' ko bhAratIya tithi-zailI ke anusAra diyA gayA hai aura ise viparIta krama se par3hane para saMvat 1405, tadanusAra 1348-49 I0 kI tithi prApta hotI hai| 'mitAbde' kA artha haA saMvatsara, mana hue 14, gagana kA gaNitArtha haA 0 aura zara kA prayoga 5 ke liye huA hai| ataH prabandhakoza kI racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1405 hai| isase bar3hakara rAjazekhara ne grantha-racanA ke sthAna ke sambandha meM yaha mahatvapUrNa sUcanA dI hai ki mahaNasiMha ne apanA AvAsa dekara dillI meM isa grantharatna ko sampanna kraayaa| ataH prabandhakoza kI racanA kA sthAna muslima zAsakoM kI rAjadhAnI dillI nagara thaa| ____ yadi brAhmaNa kalhaNa ne kazmIra meM aura jainasUri merutuGga ne jainabahula prAnta gujarAta meM itihAsa racA to itihAsajJa rAjazekharasUri ne jaina hote hue bhI muslima bahula pradeza kI rAjadhAnI dillI meM prabandhakoza kA jisa sAhasa se praNayana kiyA vaha kama stutya nahIM hai / 2. zIrSaka granthakAroM ko apane granthoM kA nAma aisA rakhanA cAhie ki zIrSaka svayaM unake granthoM kI viSayavastu aura mukhya vicAradhArA ko spaSTa kara de| kabhI-kabhI zIrSaka granthoM kI prakRti para bhI prakAza DAlate haiN| rAjazekhara ne apane grantha kA zIrSaka vizeSa sAvadhAnI se rakhA hai| usake isa grantha ko aba taka analikhita cAra vibhinna nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| 1. "zaragaganamanumitAbde jyeSThAmUlIyadhavalasaptabhyAm / niSpanna midaM zAstram ... ... ... ... // " prako, pa0 131 // 2. .... ..." mahaNasiMhaH / DhillyAM svadattavasatau granthamimaM kArayAmAsa // " prako, pR0 131 /

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grantha-paricaya [ 29 (1) prabandhakoza, (2) caturviMzatiprabandha, (3) prabandhacaturviMzati aura (4) prabandhAmRtadIrghikA / inameM se prathama do zIrSaka-'prabandhakoza' aura 'caturviMzatiprabandha' prAyaH samAna rUpa se prasiddha haiN| pahale zIrSaka meM prabandha aura koza zabda prayukta hue haiN| jo grantha prabandhoM kA khajAnA ho vahI prabandhakoza pukArA jAnA caahie| viNTaranitja ne 'prabandhakoza' zIrSaka kA aMgrejI meM 'TrejarI oNpha sTorIja' arthAt kathAoM kA khajAnA anuvAda kiyA hai| jo ucita nahIM hai / 'prabandhakoza' zIrSaka yaha iMgita karatA hai ki isameM ke kucha prabandha pradhAnatayA pUrvavartI prabandhoM para AdhArita haiM, athavA unake kucha aMza zabdazaH nakala kara liye gae haiM, yA gadya rUpa meM pariNita kara diye gae haiM athavA saMskRta meM anudita haiN| isa prakAra kula caubIsa prabandhoM meM se una cAra ko chor3akara, jinheM rAjazekhara kA maulika yogadAna kahA jA sakatA hai, zeSa saMkalana haiM yA ekatrIkaraNa, yadyapi unameM katipaya parivartana aura saMzodhana kiye gae haiN| dUsarA zIrSaka 'caturviMzatiprabandha' bhI sArthaka hai kyoMki ise isake prabandhoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para aisA pukArA jAtA hai jo kula caubIsa haiN| rAjazekhara ke anusAra dasa jaina AcAryoM, cAra kaviyoM, sAta rAjAoM aura tIna sAmAnyajanoM ke prabandha haiM, aura unheM prabandhakAra ne kramAnusAra saMkhyA pradAna kI hai| eka jaina ke lie caubIsa kI saMkhyA ati pavitra mAnI jAtI hai kyoMki tIrthaGkaroM kI saMkhyA bhI 'caturvizati' hai| ina kAraNoM se prerita hokara rAjazekhara ne apane grantha kA zIrSaka 'caturviMzati prabandha' rakhA hogaa| ise 'prabandhacaturviMzati' bhI pukArA jAtA hai / 1. viSTaranitja : hiili bhAga 2, pR0 520 / 2. "tatra sUriprabandhAdaza kaviprabandhAzcatvAraH rAjaprabandhAH sapta, rAjAbazrAvaka prabandhAstrayaH evaM caturvizati / " prako pR0 9-10 /

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30 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana grantha kA cauthA zIrSaka 'prabandhAmRtadIrghikA' hai / isakA Azaya hai 'prabandharUpI amRta kA kuNDa' / prathama zIrSaka 'prabandhakoza', granthAnta meM do bAra aura dvitIya zIrSaka 'caturviMzatiprabandha' bhI granthArambha aura granthAnta meM do bAra prayukta kiye gae haiN| ataH ina zIrSakoM kI Antarika mahattA yaha hai ki koza hone ke nAte yaha grantha adhyetA yA pAThaka ko vAMchita prabandha pradAna kara sakatA hai aura inakI bAhya mahattA yaha hai ki yaha grantha anya granthakAroM ko prabandharUpI amRta pradAna karatA hai| 3. saMskaraNa __ pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM sabase pahale isa 'prabandhakoza' nAmaka grantha kA paricaya e0 ke0 phobsa ko 1856 I0 ke pUrva huaa| aba taka isake tIna saMskaraNa kramazaH pATana, jAmanagara aura zAnti-niketana se nikAle jA cuke haiN| isakA prathama prakAzana 1921 I0 meM hemacandra sabhA, pATana dvArA huaa| pANDulipi ke AkAra meM chapA yaha mAtra 138 pRSThoM kA prakAzana thaa| kAlAntara meM vIracandra aura prabhudAsa ne isako vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se saMzodhita karake hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara se 1931 meM punarprakAzita kiyaa| 1935 I0 meM muni jinavijaya ne rAjazekharakRta prabandhakoza kA AlocanAtmaka sampAdana kiyA aura zAntiniketana se siMghI jaina jJAnapITha ke granthAMka 6 ke rUpa meM eka prAmANika saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA, jo bhinna-bhinna pAThabheda sahita vizeSanAmAnukrama samanvita mUlagrantha hai / prastuta zodha-grantha meM isI saMskaraNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pAThabheda saMgraha karane meM jo zabda vyAkaraNa yA bhASA kI dRSTi se zuddha pratIta hue unheM jinavijaya ne mUla meM likhA aura anya pratiyoM ke zabdoM ko pAda-TippaNiyoM meM vaijJAnika rIti se saMgraha kiyA, jisase mUla kA adhyayana karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| isa AlocanAtmaka saMskaraNa meM grantha kA pATha-saMzodhana karane meM jinavijaya ne una cha: acchI prAcIna pANDulipiyoM ( pratiyoM ) kI sahAyatA lI hai jo 1. jirako, pR0 116 va 265 / /

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grantha-paricaya [ 31 pATana saMgha ke grantha-bhaNDAra se, ahamadAbAda ke suprasiddha DelA-upAzraya meM rakSita grantha-bhaNDAra se tathA hemasabhA se prApta huI thii| isa bahumUlya saMskaraNa meM ATha pRSThoM kI hindI meM prastAvanA, tIna pariziSTa tathA do sUciyA~ haiN| siMghI jaina granthamAlA ke saMsthApaka tathA granthamAlA sampAdaka kI prazastiyA~ bhI dI gaI haiN| yaha saMskaraNa mUla grantha ke ATha pRSThoM ke hAphaTona blaoNka citroM se susajjita hai| 4. anuvAda - anuvAda mUla grantha ko anyAnya bhASA-bhASI taka pahu~cAte haiN| durbhAgya se prabandhakoza kA anuvAda aba taka kevala do bAra gujarAtI meM hI ho sakA hai - eka 1895 I0 meM maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedI dvArA aura dUsarA 1934 I0 meM hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA dvArA / __ prathama anuvAda dvivedIjI ne 'caturviMzatiprabandha' zIrSakAntargata bhUtapUrva bar3audA riyAsata ke zikSA-vibhAga ke tatvAvadhAna meM kiyA thaa| kintu isa bhASAntara ko anuvAda na kahakara eka vicitra prakAra kA varNana hI kahanA cAhie jo purAtana zailI kI bhASA meM purAnI lIka para kiyA gayA thaa| anuvAdaka ne isameM apane vicAra bhI praviSTa kara diye haiN| prAkRta padyoM ke anuvAda meM bhI truTi raha gayI thii| 1934 I0 meM phorba sa gujarAtI sabhA bambaI ke tatvAvadhAna meM kApar3iyA ne 'prabandhakoza' kA dUsarA anuvAda 'caturviMzati pravandha nuM bhASAMtara' zIrSaka se prakAzita kiyaa| jinavijaya ne siMghI jaina granthamAlA ke prabandhakoza ( 1935 I0 ) ke prAstAvika vaktavya meM AzvAsana diyA thA ki "prAstAvika grantha kA sampUrNa hindI bhASAntara, dvitIya bhAga ke rUpa meM prakaTa hogaa| granthAgata aitihAsika bAtoM kA vivecana aura granthakartA kA vizeSa paricaya Adi anya jJAtavya bAteM, usI meM vistAra ke sAtha likhI jaaeNgii|" kintu ye kArya Aja taka na ho ske| 5. racanA-uddezya __grantha-paricaya grantha-racanA ke uddezyoM ko spaSTa kiye binA nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| vargacatuSTaya, buddhivikAsa, naitika zikSA, hita evaM vinoda, kIrti vistAra, lokopadeza va rAjakumAroM ko zikSita 1. prako, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 8 /

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32 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana karanA grantha-racanA ke prayojana batalAe gae haiN| muslima itihAsakAroM kA uddezya upayogitAvAdI thA jisameM aitihAsika udAharaNoM dvArA dharma kI zikSA denA, mahAn kAryoM ko lipibaddha karanA, islAma kA yazogAna karanA, viziSTa sultAna kI prazaMsA karanA yA ye saba karanA uddezya banAye gaye the| isake viparIta terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdiyoM meM jainoM ne itihAsa meM rikta sthAnoM kI pUrti ke lie bhUtakAla kI kathAoM kA saMgraha karanA zurU kiyaa| ve grantha-racanA ke uddezya ko pratyeka adhyAya yA grantha ke anta meM eka yA do padyoM meM grathita kara dete the| prabandhakoza kI racanA meM rAjazekhara kA prathama uddezya atIta kA sahI citra-lekhana thaa| Trevara-ropara kA kahanA hai ki itihAsakAra ko 'atIta se prema karanA cAhiye' / ' rAjazekhara kA uddezya atIta ko vartamAna kI AvazyakatAnusAra upasthita karanA thaa| isa uddezya kI prApti, aitihAsika satya ke nirUpaNa se hI sambhava thii| isa prakAra sahI sthAnoM, ghaTanAoM evaM samayoM ko nirdhArita karake rAjazekhara aitihAsika satya ko pratiSThApita karanA cAhatA thaa| usane satya para paradA DAlane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA hai / tathyoM kI saTIkatA rAjazekhara kA guNa nahIM apitu kartavya hai| eka sthala para to vaha apanA uddezya bilkula spaSTa kara detA hai ki usane jaina-virodhI paramparAoM ke hote hue bhI sahI aura susampradAya dvArA kahI gayI paramparA ko lipibaddha kiyA hai| ye tathya itihAsakAra ke liye upayogI aura mahatvapUrNa hote haiM kyoMki binA kisI sandarbha ke tathyoM kI bharamAra kA koI prayojana nahIM hotA hai aura ve itihAsa kahalA bhI nahIM sakate / rAjazekhara ne 1. barkhArTa : jajameNTsa oNna hisTarI aiNDa hisToriensa, 1954, pR0 17 / 2. 'mahAjanAcAraparamparedazI', prako pa0 27 / 'iti ciratnagAthAvirodhaprasaGgAt', vahI, pR0 76 / 'iyaM ca kathA jainAnAM na sammatAH', vahI, pR0 88 / 3. DArsI, e0 sI0 : da mIniGga aiNDa maiTara oNpha hisTarI, nyUyArka, 1961, pR0 16 /

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grantha-paricaya [ 33 aitihAsika niSpakSatA ke guNoM ko svIkArA hai| usameM vastuparakatA thI / vastuparaka grantha meM racayitA yathAsAdhya taTastha rahakara racanA karatA hai aura apane vyaktigata rAga-dveSa se use prabhAvita nahIM hone detA hai| vastuparakatA bhI eka kartavya hai jisake nirvAha kI pratyeka itihAsakAra se apekSA kI jAtI hai / yaha koI aisA guNa nahIM hai jisake liye itihAsakAra vizeSa rUpa se prazasta samajhA jAya / yaha itihAsa ke lie pahalI zarta hai, antima nahIM / rAjazekhara kA agalA uddezya pAThakoM yA zrotAoM kA manoraMjana karanA thA, carvitacarvaNa nahIM / prAcIna samaya meM kahI gayI bAtoM ko duharAnA use abhISTa na thA / navIna prabandhoM ko prakAzita karanA usakA uddezya thA / ataH pAThakoM yA zrotAoM kI ruci banAye rakhane ke uddezya se rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza grantha kI racanA kI thI / prabandhakoza kI racanA kA eka aura uddezya jaina-dharma ke prati bodhabhAvanA pradarzita karanA thA / rAjazekhara ne ninapati ke mata ke anusAra saphalatApUrvaka bodha kI kAmanA se komala gadyoM se mugdha hokara isa prabandhakoza kI racanA kI / prabandhakoza kA upadezAtmaka uddezya spaSTa hai | sAhityika granthoM meM naitikatA yA sadAcAra sambandhI upadeza dene meM pravaNa honA upadezAtmakatA kahalAtA hai / ataeva prabandhakoza kI racanA kA uddezya 'svAntaH sukhAya' ke alAvA 'bahujanasukhAya' adhika hai tathA kisI bhI anucita prasaGga meM rAjazekhara upadeza-pravaNa nahIM huA hai / udAharaNa ke lie 'muNDikA ko mAro' meM nihitArtha pracchanna hai | hemacandra ke 'prAkRtavyAkaraNa', merutuGgakRta 'prabandhacintAmaNi', rAjazekhara ke 'prabandhakoza' Adi meM bhI paryApta saMkhyA meM sUktiyoM kA sanniveza huA hai| rAjazekhara kahatA hai " rAjA jisakI pUjA karatA hai, usakA sabhI sammAna karate haiM / pApa turanta phala dene vAlA hotA hai / bAlakoM se lekara vRddhoM taka kA sammAna karanA 1. prako, pR0 47 / praci ( pR0 1 ) meM merutuGga ne bhI isI prakAra kA milatA-julatA uddezya batalAyA hai / eka hI prakAra kI kathA ko bArabAra sunanA rucikara nahIM hotA / 2. tenAyaM mRdugadyairmugdho mugdhAvabodhakAmena / racita prabandhakozo jayatAJjinapatimataM yAvat / / 3 / / prako, pu0 131 /

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prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana caahie|' na hama Apake haiM, na Apa hmaare| sAMsArika sambandha kRtrima haiN|" jayatAka se rAjazekhara kahalavAtA hai ki bhUkhA kauna-sA pApa nahIM karatA hai ? vakacUla ne pradhAna puruSoM ko Amantrita kara apane upadezoM se avagata karAyA thA ki jIvoM kA vadha tathA pallI meM mAMsa-madirAdi kA sevana tuma logoM ko nahIM karanA caahie| sUriyoM ne vakacUla ko cAra upadeza diye the| ___jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai ki rAjazekhara kA uddezya atIta ko vartamAna kI AvazyakatAnusAra upasthita karanA thaa| cUMki rAjazekharakAlIna bhAratIya samAja meM gaira musalamAnoM kI sthiti atyanta nimna thI, isalie tatkAlIna bhArata ko nIti upadezoM kI AvazyakatA huii| yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjazekhara ne samAja kI AvazyakatA ko dekhate hue 24 meM se 10 prabandha aise likhe haiM jo ki sUriyoM se sambandhita haiN| ataH usakA uddezya pAThakoM ko naitika zikSAe~ pradAna karanA bhI thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekharasUri apane grantha ke mAdhyama se logoM ko prAcIna tathyoM tathA itihAsa se paricita karAnA cAhatA thA jisase ki purAnI galatiyA~ punaH na duharAI jA~ya tathA samAja meM pragatizIla parivartana ho| ataH usane prabandhakoza kI khyAti kA prayAsa kiyaa| sva khyAti vaha nahIM cAhatA thA aura usane svayaM apane viSaya meM granthakAra prazasti ke atirikta tanika bhI batalAne kA koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA kyoMki anAmatA bhAratIya kalA aura saMskRti kI vizeSatA hai| Azcarya to yaha hai ki usake samakAlIna bhAratIya yA muslima lekhakoM ne bhI usake sambandha meM kucha nahIM likhaa| kundakunda kI paramparA meM sahasrakIti kA ziSya zrIcandra thA, jisane apane grantha 1. 'rAjabhiH pUjyate yazca sarverapi sa puujyte|' prako, pR0 3 / tulanA kIjie - 'svadeze pUjyate rAjA, vidvAn sarvatra puujyte|' 'pApaM pacyate hi sadyaH / ' vahI, pR. 98 / 'AbAlavaddhAna lAlayet / ' vahI, pR0 44 / 2. 'bubhukSitaH kiM na karoti pApam / ' vahI, pR0 53 / 3. 'bhavAdbhajIvavadho mAMsamadyAdiprasaGgazca pallayA madhye na krtvyH|' vahI, pR0 75 /

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grantha-paricaya [ 35 kathAkoza kI racanA sajjana ke putra kRSNa ke parivAra ko upadeza dene ke lie kI thii| usI paramparA para rAjazekhara ne bhI soddezya prabandhakoza kI racanA kI thii| usane mahaNasiMha kI preraNA se isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| ___ antataH prabandhakoza kI racanA kA uddezya zAstroM ko naSTa hone se bacAnA thaa| isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki rAjazekhara ne aneka ghaTanAoM aura vyaktiyoM kA itihAsa saMgraha karake hameM usa yuga kI jAnakArI kA sAdhana upalabdha karA diyA hai / yaha usakI mahatI dena hai / 6. bhASA-zailI bhASAe~ hamAre vicAroM aura bhAvanAoM ko prakaTa karane kA mAdhyama haiN| vyAkaraNAcAryoM ne saMskRta aura prAkRta ke atirikta apabhraMza ko eka svatantra sthAna diyA hai| prabandhakoza meM prathama do saMskRta aura prAkRta kA prabhUta prayoga kiyA gayA hai| mUlataH yaha saMskRta kA grantha hai, jisameM prAkRta, apabhraMza aura yAminI bhASA ke zabdoM ke yatra-tatra prayoga hue haiM / rAjazekhara ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki prAkRta bhASA nArI ke samAna sukumAra aura saMskRta puruSa ke samAna kaThora hai| prAkRteM sAMskRtika kalevaroM meM ba~dha na sakIM, ve janasAdhAraNa kI bhASAe~ thIM aura jaba-jaba unheM saMskRta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA, taba-taba ve zRMkhalAyeM tor3akara svatantra ho gayIM, phira jana-kolAhala kI zakti bana gyiiN| saMskRta ke dArzanika dharoharoM ke virodha meM jaba-jaba vidroha huA, taba-taba bhAva kA vAhana prAkRtoM ko hI bananA par3A hai| jaina-dharma kI yaha pradhAna bhASA thii| vizuddha jaina-sAhitya kA prAkRta vAGmaya meM atyadhika mahatva hai| kliSTa bhASA kA yathAzakya prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| sthalasthala para saMskRta yA prAkRta padyoM evaM sthAnIya bhASAoM ke prayoga se prabandhakoza grantha supAThya ho jAtA hai| ye padya pAThakoM ko surucipUrNa vizrAma pradAna karate haiN| ina padyoM meM bhASA avazya AlaMkArika ho gayI hai| caubIsa meM se kevala eka prabandha pUrNatayA saMskRta padya meM hai, 1. sajjana to mUlarAja kA kAnUnI salAhakAra aura prAgvATa vaMza kA thaa| de0 jaina, hIrAlAla : da sTragala phaoNra empAyara ( sampA0 ), majumadAra, Ara0 sI0 : bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1966, pR0 428 /

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36 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana anyathA zeSa sabhI pradhAnatayA gadya meM haiN| "isa samaya kI jaina saMskRta meM eka manohAritA yaha hai ki jaina-lekhaka gujarAtI yA dezabhASA meM socate the aura likhate the saMskRta meN| rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza meM yAvanI bhASA ke zabdoM kA bhI khulakara prayoga kiyA hai| yAvanI bhASA ke ye zabda prabandhakoza grantha ke prAyaH uttarArddha meM tathA viSaya ke anusAra prayukta kiye gae haiN| inameM kucha zabdoM ko chor3akara adhikAMza vyaktivAcaka saMjJAe~ haiN| apane varNana ko kahIM-kahIM atyadhika rocaka banAne ke lie vaha kAvyAtmaka zailI bhI prayukta karatA hai / jaise-"( rAjA govindacandra ) 750 antaHpuravAsiyoM ke yauvana-rasa ko grahaNa karane vAlA thaa|"2 isa taraha aitihAsika tathyoM kI avahelanA na karate hue prabandhakAra hameM sUcita kara detA hai ki rAjA govindacandra ke 750 rAniyA~ thiiN| ataH jina rAjanItika va sAhityika pRSThabhUmiyoM meM prabandhakoza kI racanA huI ve grantha-racanA, usake uddezyoM evaM bhASA-zailI ke aucitya ko siddha karate 1. gulerI, candradhara zarmA : purAnI hindI, nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI, tRtIya saM0, 1975, pR0 19 / 2. prako, pR0 54 /

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adhyAya aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana grantha-paricaya ke bAda granthAgata aitihAsika tathyoM kA varNana evaM unakA mUlyAMkana Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / aitihAsika tathya eka pratIka hai jo vartamAna meM itihAsakAra ke mastiSka meM rahatA hai, parantu kisI bhI tathya ko sahI rUpa meM samajhane ke lie aitihAsika dRSTi atyanta Avazyaka hai / isalie vikAsa kI prakriyA kA adhyayana tathyoM ko spaSTa kara detA hai kyoMki itihAsakAra aura tathya meM utanA hI sambandha hai jitanA manuSya aura vAtAvaraNa meM / M kintu atIta ke sabhI tathya aitihAsika tathya nahIM hote haiM / itihAsakAra jina tathyoM ko svIkAratA hai unheM hI aitihAsika tathya mAnA jAtA hai / ' heroDoTasa ( 485-425 I0 pU0 ), hemacandra ( 1088 - 1173 I0 ), prabhAcandra 1277 I0 ) tathA kArlAila ( 17951881 I0 ) mahApuruSoM ke itihAsa para bala dete haiM / aise mahApuruSoM . ke kaI varga kiye jA sakate haiM, yathA-avatArI mahApuruSa, devadUta, kavi, dharmazAstrI, sAhityakAra, rAjA Adi / isI paramparA meM prabandhakoza meM jo aitihAsika tathya svIkAra kiye gae haiM ve prabhAvazAlI AcAryoM, suprasiddha kaviyoM, rAjAoM tathA sAmAnya gRhasthoM se sambandhita haiM / aise tathya pradAna karane meM granthAnta meM dI gayI granthakAra prazasti va rAjavaMzAvalI bhI kama upayogI nahIM hai / isaliye granthAgata sabhI prabandhoM ke sAra evaM unake mUlyAMkana kA kramAnusAra varNana kiyA jAyagA / 1. kAra, I0 eca0 : itihAsa kyA hai, maikamilana, naI dillI, 1979, pR0 4, 20 / tathya tabhI bolate haiM jaba itihAsakAra unheM bulavAtA hai / kAra, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 4 /

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38 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 1. bhadrabAhu-varAha prabandha pratiSThAnapura nivAsI bhadrabAhu aura varAha nAmaka do bhAiyoM ne yazobhadra kA upadeza sunaa| bhadrabAhu niyukti sahita dasa granthoM aura bhAdrabAhavIM saMhitA kA racayitA huaa| jaba varAha bhI vidvAn huA taba usane apane bhAI bhadrabAhu se sUripada maaNgaa| bhadrabAhu ne use ghamaNDI batAte hue nahIM diyaa| phalataH varAha ne vipra-veza dhAraNa kiyaa| usane vArAha-saMhitAdi navIna zAstroM kI racanA kii| varAha bAlyakAla se hI lagna ( muhUrta ) kA vicAra karane, sampUrNa jyotiSacakra (nakSatra-maNDala ) dekhane tathA sUrya se varadAna prApta karane ke kAraNa 'varAhamihira' kahalAne lgaa| tadanantara pratiSThAnapura ke rAjA zatrujita ne varAhamihira ko apanA purohita banA liyaa| parantu putra-nidhana ke kAraNa varAha kA jyotiSa para se vizvAsa uThane lagA aura vaha jainadharmadveSI duSTa vyantara ho gyaa| ___ojhA aura yAkobI kA kathana hai ki bhadrabAhu aura varAha na to donoM bhAI the aura na samakAlIna / sArA 'bhadrabAhu-varAha prabandha' kapola-kalpita pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra kI kathAoM kA AviSkAra isaliye kiyA gayA hai ki sarvazreSTha brAhmaNavAdI varAhamihira para 1. prako, pR0 2-4 / prabandha ke saMkSipta sAra ke lie de0 zarmA, zivadatta : caturviMzatiprabandha, nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, bhAga 5, 1981, pR0 370.372; bhadrabAhu ke lie de. muni caturavijaya kA lekha AtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka grantha meN| 2. haidarAbAda ke auraMgAbAda jile meM godAvarI taTa para avasthita Adhu nika paiThana / sarakAra, DI0 sI0 : sTaDIja ina da jyographI oNpha ainziyeNTa aiNDa miDivala iNDiyA, dillI, 1960, pR0 154 / 3. dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, dazAzrutaskandha, kalpavyavahAra, Avazyaka, sUrya prajJAti, sUtrakRta, AcArAGga tathA RSi bhASitAkhya / prako, pR0 2; de0 kharatarapaTTa, pR0 17; jaipai, pR0 436; jaipai (pR0 122-123 ) ke anusAra bhadrabAhu ne 21 granthoM kI racanA kI, jinameM se 'vyavahArasUtra' tathA 'saMsakta niyukti' aprApya haiN| de0 zarmA, zivadatta : caturviMzatiprabandha, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 370 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [39 bhadrabAhu kA aura brAhmaNavAdI jyotiSa para jaina jyotiSa kA varcasva sthApita ho| nizcaya hI siMha lagna kI kuNDalI banAnA, usa para siMha kA baiThanA, sUrya pratyakSa honA Adi eka sundara gappa hai| kintu prabandha kA sUkSma adhyayana karane se vidita hotA hai ki bhadravAhu nAma ke tIna vidvAn hue haiM-eka zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ( 357317 I0 pU0 ); dUsare nimittavettA bhadrabAhu ( 140-100 I0 pU0)', aura tIsare niyuktiyoM ( 525-550 I0 ).ke racayitA bhadrabAhu / tIsarA bhadrabAhu hI jyotiSI varAhamihira kA bhAI thA jisakI 'paJcasiddhAntikA' kI tithi 550 I0 hai| cUMki niyuktiyoM meM prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya zatAbdiyoM taka ke vyaktiyoM aura ghaTanAoM ke ullekha Ate haiM aura cUMki sUtroM kA samyak saMskaraNa pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM pUrNa huA thA isalie isa bhadrabAhu tRtIya ko tathA usakI niyuktiyoM ko 525-550 I0 kA samaya pradAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH prabandhakoza meM varNita bhadrabAhu kA samIkaraNa isI bhadrabAhu tRtIya se kiyA jAnA cAhiye jo vikrama saMvat kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdiyoM meM thA aura varAhamihira pA~cavIM zatAbdI I0 ke anta meM / prabandhacintAmaNi sarIkhe kucha jaina-grantha bhadrabAhu ko choTA bhAI mAnate haiN| kintu prabandhakoza meM bhadrabAhu ne varAhamihira ke lie 'vatsa' sambodhana kA prayoga kiyA hai, jisase pratIta hai ki bhadrabAhu varAha se 1. ojhA, gaurIzakara hIrAcanda ( sampA.): nA0 pra0 patrikA, bhAga 5 saM0 1981, pR0 371 Ti / yAkobI, eca0 : da kalpasUtrAja oNpha bhadrabAhu, bhUmikA, pR0 13-14 / 2. jaina sthviraavlii| de0 bAlI, candrakAnta : nae candragupta kI khoja, nA0 pra0 patrikA, saM0 2039, pR0 96; zravaNabelgola meM pAye gaye aneka abhilekha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa gamana kI puSTi karate haiN| de. narasiMhAcAra, Ara0 : inskripzaMsa oNpha zravaNabelgola, ipi. karnATaka, jilda dUsarI, baMgalora, 1923; anekAnta, navA~, gyAraha, pR0 443-444; purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI, pR0 146 / 3. jainaso, pR0 164 tathA pR0 165 / 4, de0 praci, pR0 118; praciddhi, pR0 146; kharatarapaTTa, pR0 16; jaipai, pR0 121; bAlI, candrakAnta : pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 97; de0 prako, pR0 2 bhii|

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401 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana bar3I Ayu kA thaa| prabandha kA zIrSaka 'bhadrabAhu-varAha prabandha' hai jisameM pahalA nAma jyeSTha bhrAtA kA hI honA cAhiye, jaise rAjazekhara ne vastupAla-tejapAla bhAiyoM kA nAma prayukta kiyA hai| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne prabandhacintAmaNi kI galatI meM sudhAra kiyA hai| anta meM do prazna raha jAte haiM--pahalA, rAjA zatrujita kA samIkaraNa aura dUsarA, rAjazekhara ne chaThI zatAbdI ke bhadrabAhu kA varNana pahale kyoM kiyA ? zatrujita pratiSThAnapura kA kadAcit koI adhikArI thA jo jaina-dharma se prabhAvita thA, jise jaina-dharma kI mahattA bar3hAne ke lie rAjazekhara ne rAjA khaa| dUsare prazna ke uttara meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki cUMki bhadrabAhu nAma ke do AdaraNIya AcArya I0 pU0 meM hI ho cuke the isalie rAjazekhara ne unake prabandha ko prathama sthAna diyaa| 2. bhAryanambila prabandha padmanIkhaNDa nagara meM rAjA padmaprabha aura rAnI padmAvatI the| vahA~ ke zreSThI padmadatta aura zreSThinI padmayazA ke putra kA nAma padmanAbha thA jisakA vivAha sArthavAha varadatta kI putrI vairoTyA se huA thaa| vairoTyA ko usakA zvazura karNakaTu va karkaza vacana dvArA bahuta duHkha detA thA kintu Aryanandila vairoTyA ko sAntvanA diyA karate the| eka bAra vairoTyA ne apanI garbhAvasthA meM nAgapatnI ko avaziSTa pAyasa khilA diyA jisase vairoTyA ke putra utpanna huaa| pitR-gRha lakSmI se sampanna ho gayA aura zvazura padmadatta dvArA vairoTyA kA satkAra hone lgaa| eka anya avasara para vairoTyA ne nAgapatnI ke putroM ko bacAyA thaa| nAgarAja ne vairoTyA ko abhayadAna aura usake putra ko nAgadatta' nAma diyA / Aryanandila ne vairoTyA ko upadeza diyA aura 'vairoTyAstava' kI racanA kI, jise par3hane vAle ko sarpa-bhaya nahIM rhtaa| prabhAvakacarita meM Aryanandila ko Arya rakSita vaMza kA aura bhaviSyajJAtA batalAyA gayA hai kintu nandIsUtra kI TIkA meM malayagiri

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana / 41 ne use Arya maMgukA ziSya / Aryanandila vAcaka vaMza ke samartha vAcanAcArya, darzana, jJAna, vyAkaraNa, gaNita aura karmaprakRti ke prakANDa vidvAn the| Aryanandila sarIkhe jaina AcAryoM ne 8 nAgakuloM ko jaina banAyA thaa| purANoM ke anusAra nAgavaMza ne vidizA, kAntipurI, mathurA aura padmAvatI meM rAjya kiyaa| vidizA ke nAgavaMzI teraha rAjAoM ne lagabhaga 200 varSoM ( I0 pU0 100-78 I0 ) taka rAjya kiyaa| isa daSTi se bhI Aryanandila kA samaya prathama zatAbdI I0 pU0 se prathama zatAbdI I0 ke tRtIyAMza ke bIca hI samIcIna ThaharatA hai| ___ Aryanandila prabandha meM vaNita adhikAMza tathya prabhAvakacarita se grahaNa kiye gaye haiM aura isameM aitihAsika tathya kama haiN| pratyakSa rUpa se Aryanandila kI guru-ziSya paramparA tathA unake dvArA jainadharma ke prasAra ke atirikta anya koI mahatva kI bAta pratyakSa rUpa se nahIM prApta hotii| parokSa rUpa se yaha prabandha tIna mukhya bAtoM para prakAza DAlatA 1. nAgavaMza kI utpatti, 2. sAmAjika vighaTana - zvazura banAma vadhU ( vadhU kA vaira-bhAva ) 3. putrotpatti ke upAya - kSIra ( pAyasa ) / 3. jIvadevasUri prabandha gurjarabhUmi ke vAyaTa nagara meM jIvadeva kA janma huA thaa| vahA~ zreSThI dharmadeva va zreSThinI zIlavatI ke mahIdhara aura mahIpAla do putra the| mahIdhara rAzilya nAmaka zvetAmbara sUri aura mahIpAla suvarNakIti nAmaka digambara AcArya ho gye| guru zrutakIrti ne suvarNakIrti ko cakrezvarI' aura parakAyA nAmaka do vidyAe~ va AcArya pada diyaa| 1. prako, pR0 1,5; prabhAca, pR0 2, 9-14, 17-19, 27; vitIka pR0 70; kharatara, pR0 56; kharatarapaTTa 2,19; jaipai, pR0 183-185; jaisAi, pR0 12 / 2. rahasyamata gIta kA nAma / Rpabhadeva ko zAsana devI kA nAma / yaha cakrezvarI-gIta jaina-tantra kI solaha vidyAoM meM se eka hai| de0 zAha, yU0 pI0 : AikonogrAphI oNpha siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja, jaiso o e, pandrahavA~ saM0, pR0 114 va aage|

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42 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana pati ke divaMgata ho jAne para zIlavatI duHkhI thii| usane donoM bhAiyoM ko ekamata ho jAne kA parAmarza diyA / suvarNakIrti ne mAtA ke vacana se prabuddha hokara dIkSA grahaNa kI aura aba usakA nAma jIvadevasUri ho gayA / eka bAra jIvadevasUri ne eka yogI ko sUrimantra zakti se kIlita kara diyA parantu bAda meM use mukta kara diyA / unhoMne zreSThI lalla aura brAhmaNoM ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA thA / jIvadeva sAmudrikazAstra meM varNita mahApuruSoM ke battIsa lakSaNoM se yukta the / ve 'bhaktAmara stotra' kA pATha karate the / jIvadevasUri prabandha bhI prabhAvakacarita meM varNita prabandha kA gadyIkaraNa hai / isameM prabhAvakacarita dvArA pradatta sUcanAoM se kucha bhI adhika nahIM hai| jIvadevasUri prabandha meM camatkArika varNana kaI haiM, jinameM aitihAsikatA DhU~r3hanA vyartha hai / phira bhI isa prabandha kA tIna dRSTiyoM se aitihAsika mahatva hai 1. jainoM ke 'sUri' aura 'AcArya' padoM ke varNana haiM / 2. zvetAmbara banAma digambara - eka bhAI zvetAmbara aura dUsarA bhAI digambara thA / 3. zvetAmbara kI pradhAnatA aura prabhAvanA huI / 4. AryakhapaTAcArya prabandha bhRgukaccha meM rAjA balamitra ke rAjya meM bauddha tarkajJoM kA bar3A prabhAva thA unako khapuTa ke ziSya bhuvana ne parAjita kiyA / bauddhoM kI madada ke lie guDazastrapura se Aye hue vRddhakara nAmaka vAdI kI bhI parAjaya huI | apamAna se kSubdha hokara usane anazana se deha tyAga kiyA / vaha yakSa hokara pUrvajanma ke vaira se guDazastrapura meM jainoM ko kaSTa dene lgaa| saMgha kI prArthanA para khapuTa vahA~ gaye aura zAnti sthApita kI / vahA~ ke rAjA ne khapuTa ko mahAna siddha samajhakara kSamA mA~gI aura unakA sammAna kiyA / usa samaya pATaliputra meM dAhar3a nAmaka rAjA ne jaina muniyoM ko 1. dAhar3a rAjA brAhmaNa bhakta thA ( prako, pR0 11 ) / vaha nikuSTa rAjA thA ( prabhAva, pR0 34 ) / .

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana / 43 Adeza diyA ki ve brAhmaNoM ko praNAma kreN| ataH khapuTa ne jainaprabhAvanA ke liye apane ziSya mahendra ko vahA~ bhejA thaa| anta meM AryakhapaTa apane bhAje bhuvana ko sUripada dekara, anazana kara AkAzagAmI ho gye| vidyAsiddha Arya khapuTa kA ullekha Avazyakaniyukti aura prabhAvakacarita meM bhI huA hai| Arya khapuTa kA samaya prathama zatAbdI I0 pU0 se prathama zatAbdI I0 ke bIca meM hai kyoMki prabhAvakacarita meM kahA gayA hai ki vIra nirvANa ke 484 varSa bAda Arya khapuTa hue| cUMki vIra nirvANa kI tithi 527 I0 pU0 hai ataH usameM se 484 ghaTAne para 43 I0 pU0 AtA hai jo khapuTa kI tithi hai| usI grantha meM varNana hai ki vi0 saM0 135 ( tadanusAra 78 I0 ) meM bhRgukaccha meM balamitra nAmaka rAjA thA, jo AryakhapuTa va pAdalipta kA samakAlIna thaa| tapagacchapaTTAvali dvArA bhI isakI puSTi ho jAtI hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki Arya khapuTa vIra saM0 453 meM hue the| isa prabandha meM Aye guDazastrapura kA samIkaraNa Adhunika goDUrapura (kharagA~va, ji0 nimAr3a, ma0 pra0) se kiyA jA sakatA hai jo narmadA ke dakSiNI taTa para sthita hai| isa prakAra bhRgukaccha aura guDazastrapura ke bIca karIba 250 ki0 mI0 kI dUrI huI jise pAra kara vRddhakara vAdI bauddhoM kI sahAyatA ke lie Aye hoNge| ___ Arya khapuTa suripuMgava mahAvidyA ke bhaNDAra, mahAn mantravAdI aura prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiN| inhoMne bhar3auca, guDazastrapura aura pATaliputra meM bauddhoM aura brAhmaNoM ko parAjitakara jaina-zAsana kI prasiddhi kii| pATaliputra meM jo dAhar3a nAmaka rAjA thA usakA samIkaraNa antima zuGga rAjA devabhUti (82-73 I0 pU0 ) se kiyA jA sakatA hai|' 1. zrIvIra muktitaH zatacatuSTaye caturazIti saMyukte / varSANAM samajAyata zrImAnAcAryakhapuTaguruH // 79 // prabhAca, pR0 43 / 2. de0 jaipai, pR0 235 / 3. de0 lA : hi0 jyo0, pR0 371; de0 pUrvavaNita, Ti0 78 bhii| 4. de. tripAThI, saccidAnanda : zuMgakAlIna bhArata, vi0 vi0 prakAzana, vArANasI, 1977, pR0 71; de. jaipai, pR0 233 bhI; pAjiTara;

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44 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana vaha brAhmaNa-bhakta aura vilAsI thaa| purANoM ke anusAra usake amAtya vasudeva kaNva ne usakA vadha kara diyA aura svayaM rAjA bana baiThA / isa tathya kI puSTi 'harSacarita' ne bhI kI hai / " isake alAvA anya koI aitihAsika tathya isa prabandha meM nahIM haiM / 5. pAdaliptAcArya prabandha kozala meM vijaya varmA rAjA the / vahA~ ke eka zreSThi- kula meM, vairoTI devI kI ArAdhanA aura AcArya nAgahasti ke AzIrvAda se eka putra ( pAdalipta ) kA janma huA / isalie inake pitA phulla aura mAtA pratimA ne inakA nAma nAgendra rakhA / nAgendra kI zikSA-dIkSA AcArya nAgahasti ke saMgha meM huI / maNDanamuni ne inheM pddh'aayaa| kAlAntara meM guru kRpA se inheM lepa kA jJAna milA jise pairoM meM lagAne se AkAzamArga se calane kI zakti prApta hotI thI / yahI pAdalipta ke nAma kA spaSTIkaraNa diyA gayA hai| pAdalipta ne pATaliputra ke rAjA muruNDa kI dIrghakAlIna zirovedanA zAnta kara dI thI aura vahA~ ke jaina yatiyoM ke kaSTa kA bhI nivAraNa kiyA thA / DhaMka parvata para nAgArjuna ne pAdalipta se gaganagAminI- vidyA grahaNa kI aura hemasiddhi-vidyA prApta karane ke liye rasa dohana ke nimitta vAsuki nAga kI ArAdhanA kI thI / pAdalipta kA pratiSThAnapura ( paiThana ) ke rAjA sAtavAhana ne bhI svAgata kiyA / pAdalipta ne epha0 I0 : da DAinesTIja oNpha da kali eja ( pR0 70) devabhUti ko 74-64 I0 pU0 taka 10 varSoM kA zAsana kAla pradAna karatA hai / devabhUti ko devabhUmi aura kSemabhUmi bhI kahA gayA hai / 1. devabhUti tu zuMgarAjAnaM dhyasaninaM tasyavomAtyaH kaNvo vAsudevanAmA taM nihatya svayamavanI bhIkSyati / viSNu0 4 0 24, 39, pR0 352 ( gItA presa saMskaraNa ); brahma0 3. 74. 155 vAyu0 99. 344; matsya0 272. 31 / atistrIsaGgaratama gaparavazaM duhitrA devIvyaJjanayA vItajIvitamakArayat / bANa : harSacaritam, SaSTha ucchvAsa, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1964, pR0 353 ( bambaI saMskaraNa, 1925 ); SaSTha ucchvAsa, pR0 199 / zuMgamamAtyo vasudevo devabhUtidAsI

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [ 45 nirvANakalikA, praznaprakAza Adi zAstroM kA sandarbha diyA aura 'taraMgalolA' nAmaka eka campUkAvya kI racanA kI / anta meM unhoMne eka gaNikA ko prabhAvita kiyA / tadanantara ve 32 dinoM taka anazana karate hue devalokagAmI hue| vidyAdhara gaccha meM 'zrutasAgara ke pAragAmI' pAdalipta kI jIvanakathA prabhAvakacarita, purAtana prabandha saMgraha aura prabandhakoza meM savistara varNita hai / " prabandhakoza kA pAdaliptAcArya prabandha prabhAvakacarita ke pAdaliptasUricaritam kA prAyaH padAnvaya hai aura purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ke anurUpa hai / pAdalipta dvitIya zatAbdI I0 ke haiM jinhoMne taraMgavatI ( prAkRta ), nirvANakalikA aura jyotiSakaraNDa TIkA racI hai / inakA eka gRhastha ziSya nAgArjuna thA jo rasAyanavettA aura mantra - sAdhaka thA / pAdalipta ke samakAlIna sUriyoM meM rudradeva, samarasiMha, khapuTAcArya ( prathama I0), mahendra, nAgahasti ( 46 - 162 I0 ) aura samakAlIna nRpatiyoM meM kozala ke vijaya varmA (brahma), bhar3auca ke balamitra ( 78 I0), omakArapura ke bhImarAja, mAnakheTa ke kRSNarAja, pATaliputra ke muruNDa aura pratiSThAna ke sAtavAhana ( pulumAvi dvitIya 86 - 114 I0 ) vagairaha the | yadi ina samakAlikoM para vicAra kiyA jAya to pAdalipta vikrama kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI ke AcArya haiM, aisA mAnanA hogA / ata: pAdalipta ko dvitIya zatAbdI I0 meM mAnanA hI samIcIna hai / byUlara ke anusAra lATa madhya gujarAta hai / parantu adhikAMza itihAsakAroM ke anusAra lATa dakSiNI gujarAta hai jisameM sUrata, bhar3auca, kher3A aura bar3audA ke hisse sammilita the / mahatva kI bAta yaha hai ki pATaliputra se lATa pradeza jAnA aura vApasa AnA pAdalipta ke lie kaThina nahIM thA kyoMki ve gaganagAminI vidyA meM niSNAta the / 1. " dvAtriMza chinAnyanazanaM kRtvA dehaM muktvA / " puprasa, pR0 94 / 2. prabhAca, pR0 28 - 40, 61 pusa, pR0 92-95 jaisAbRi, pR0 335 3. De, ena0 ela0 : jyograiphikala DikzanarI, pR0 114, laoN, hi0 jyo', pR0 338: cAgu, pR0 209 / prako, pR0 11-14; de0

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46 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana lATa deza ke omakArapura ke bhImarAja aura bhar3auca ke rAjA sUrijI ke bhakta the jinheM jJAna dekara jaina dharmAvalambI banAyA / 'muruNDa' kA tAtparya rAjA yA svAmI hotA hai jisake lie cInI zabda 'vAGga' prayukta hotA hai / bhAratIya granthoM aura prazastiyoM meM zaka - muruNDa eka sAtha Ate haiM / mathurA ke kSatrapoM kA samaya dUsarI zatAbdI ke madhya meM hai jo sambhavataH pATaliputra taka bar3ha gaye hoMge / zoDAsa ( sudAsa prathama zatAbdI I0 ) ke bAda ina zakoM kI zakti kSINa hone lagI / unameM se kucha ne jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma svIkAra kara liyA / Dhaka parvata gujarAta meM Adhunika DhAka hai / goMDala ( 22deg 70.5deg ) ke pAsa DhaMkagiri nAmaka khaDakavAlI pahAr3I hai / isI ke pAsa DhAMka grAma hai jisakA prAcIna nAma tilatilapaTTaNa thA / yahIM AdinAtha, zAnti, pArzva, mahAvIra aura ambikAdevI Adi kI kuSANakAlIna khaNDita mUrtiyA~ haiM / isI DhaMka parvata para nAgArjuna ne pArzva-pratimAharaNa ke pazcAt rasa - stambhana kiyA thA / DhAMka se 40 mIla pazcima dhUmalI nagara hai / " isa prabandha meM varNita sAtavAhana rAjA vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi dvitIya ( 86 - 114 I0 ) ho sakatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne pulumAvi dvitIya ke rAjyArohaNa kI tithi 130-58 I0 mAnI hai| donoM dazAoM meM pulumAvi dvitIya hI vaha sAtavAhana rAjA rahA hogA jisane pratiSThAna para adhikAra rakhA thA aura jaina pAdalipta kA svAgata kiyA 1. jaipaI, pR0 358; kintu ipi0 iNDi0, chabbIsavAM bhAga pA~cavA~ janavarI, 1942; laoN : hi0 jyo0, pR0 370 meM 25 mIla kA antara batAyA gayA hai / 2. veMkaTarAva dvArA pradatta sAtavAhana rAjAoM kI tithiyoM ke lie de0 veMkaTarAva kA lekha 'da prI- sAtavAhana aiNDa sAtavAhana pIriyaDsa, yAjadAnI ( sampA0 ), da arlI hisTarI oNpha da Dekana, naI dillI, 1982, pR0 112 / 3. majumadAra, Ara0 sI0 : da eja oNpha impIriyala yuniTI, bambaI, 1951, pR0 204; rAyacaudharI : prA0 bhA0 kA rAja0 iti0, pR0 367; pANDeya, rAjabalI : prA0 bhA0, pR0 213 va Ti0 4 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [47 thaa| pulamAvi brAhmaNa hote hue bhI bauddhoM ko dAna detA thaa| ataH isa dharma-sahiSNu ne pAdalipta kA bhI svAgata-satkAra kiyA hogaa| 6. vRddhavAdi-siddhasena prabandha vRddhavAdi aura siddhasena guru-ziSya the / vRddhavAdi kA janma gaur3adeza ke kozalA grAma meM huA thaa| inakA bacapana kA nAma mukunda brAhmaNa thA / ve guru skandilAcArya ke sAtha bhRgupura gaye aura unhoMne usa bejor3a mallavAdi mukunda kA nAma vRddhavAdi rakha diyaa| idhara siddhasena kA janma avanti meM huA thaa| inake pitA devarSi aura mAtA devasikA ( devazrI ) kAtyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa the| siddhasena bhI vAda-vivAda meM niSNAta ho gaye kintu kAlajJa vRddhavAdi se bAda meM parAjita hokara unake ziSya ho gaye / dIkSA kAla meM siddhasena kA nAma 'kumudacandra' thaa| isake bAda siddhasena ko avanti meM 'sarvajJaputraka' biruda milaa| vikramAditya ne usakI vandanA kI aura mudrAe~ arpita kI jo jIrNoddhAra meM prayukta huii| vicaraNa karate hae siddhasena citrakuTa pahu~ce jahA~ unhoMne sarSapavidyA aura hemavidyA grahaNa kii| siddhasena citrakUTa se kurmArapura cale gye| vahA~ devapAla rAjA ko pratibodhita kiyA aura rAjA ne kahA ki par3osa ke rAjAgaNa eka sAtha ikaTThA hokara mere rAjya para AkramaNa karane A rahe haiN| sUri ne rAjA ke Asanna saMkaTa kA nivAraNa kiyaa| vRddhavAdi kI mRtyu ke bAda siddhasena ujjayinI ke mahAkAla-prAsAda pahu~ce / siddhasena ne dvAtriMzadadvAtriMzikA deva kI stuti karanA prArambha kiyA aura kalyANa-mandira stotra kI racanA kii| siddhasena vihAra karate hue mAlavA ke oGkAra nagara phuNce| rAjA ne siddhasena ko aizvarya pradAna karanA cAhA jisake badale meM vAdi ne rAjA dvArA oGkAra nagara meM jaina mandira ko ziva mandira se U~cA karavA diyA / ___ anta meM siddhasena dakSiNa meM vihAra karane gaye aura vahIM ve svarga sidhaare| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ke tithi-kAla ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda haiM / haramana yAkobI siddhasena ke 'nyAyAvatAra' meM Aye 'bhrAnta, abhrAnta, svArtha aura parArtha' zabdoM ke bhrama meM par3akara AcArya ko

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48 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana sAtavIM zatAbdI I0 meM mAnane ke icchuka haiN| kucha bhAratIya itihAsakAra bhI inheM samantabhadra ke bAda kA yA 550 se 600 I0 ke bIca kA mAnate haiN|' unhoMne jinasena ke harivaMza ( 783 I0), paTTAvali samuccaya tathA padmacarita ke AdhAra para siddhasena ko chaThI - sAtavIM zatAbdI I0 kA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jo truTipUrNa hai / siddhasena kA sattA- samaya caturtha zatAbdI I0 ke anta aura pA~cavIM ke prArambha meM hone kA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki vaha dvitIya skandila sUri ( nidhana 373 I0 ) ke praziSya the / isa mata ke samIpa phatehacanda belAnI kA eka vicAra aura hai ki siddhasena vikrama saMvat kI cauthI - pA~cavI zatAbdI meM hue / ataH siddhasena kA caturtha zatAbdI I0 ke anta aura pA~cavIM ke prArambha meM honA nizcita hai kyoMki siddhasena aura candragupta dvitIya vikramAditya ( 380-412 I0 ) kI samakAlitA bhI isa mata kI puSTi karatI hai / prabandhakoza meM varNita ujjayinI kA yaha vikramAditya na to prathama zatAbdI I0 pU0 vAlA vikramAditya hai aura na mAlavA kA yazodharmadeva / prathama zatI I0 pU0 meM siddhasena divAkara aura unake granthoM kI racanA - kAla kA mela nahIM baiThatA / yazodharmadeva kA kAla 5vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha aura chaThIM kA pUrvArddha hone se vRddhavAdi kI sAmayikatA nahIM baiThatI / ataH yaha guptakAla kA dvitIya candragupta vikramAditya ( 380-412 I0 ) hI hai jo vRddhavAdi- siddhasena kA samasAmayika rahA hogA / oGkAra nagara pUrvI mAlavA kA Akara ho sakatA hai, jabaki anya 1. jaipai, pR0 258-262 meM isakA vistRta vivecana milatA hai / 2. jainaso, pR0 165 - 166; mukhtAra, jugula kizora ( kaTTara digambara ) ke vicAroM ke lie de0 jaipai, pR0 258; ina vidvAnoM ne paTTAvali samuccaya ( pR0 150 ) tathA padmacarita ( parva 123, pada 167 ) ko AdhAra mAnA hai / 3. skandila do hue haiM jinameM prathama kA svargavAsa 53 I0 pU0 meM tathA huA thA / de0 jaipai, pR0 261; belAnI : dvitIya kA 373 I0 meM pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 3 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [ 49 prabandha-grantha ise lATa deza ke antargata batalAte haiM / prabandhakoza meM yaha mAlavA meM sthita batalAyA gayA hai| Akara pUrvI mAlavA ( rAjadhAnI vidizA ) aura avanti pazcimI mAlavA ( rAjadhAnI ujjayinI ) ke lie prayukta hotA thA / prabandhakoza meM varNita kurmArapura aura usake rAjA devapAla kA samIkaraNa eka samasyA hai| kumArapAlacarita meM ise kumAragrAma kahA gayA hai / Adhunika gaMjAma jile ke berahamapura ( tAluke ) meM kumArapura nAmaka eka gA~va hai / rAjazekhara ke anusAra kumArapura citrakUTa se pUrva deza meM sthita thA, jahA~ devapAla rAjA thA / pUrvI prAnta meM candragupta dvitIya vikramAditya ne yuvarAja kumAragupta ( kumAradeva ) ko prAntIya zAsaka niyukta kiyA hogA / kAlAntara meM usake nAma se vaha sthAna kumArapura prasiddha ho gayA hogA / meharaulI lauha stambha abhilekha se vidita hotA hai ki baMgAla meM kaI rAjA gupta sAmrAjya para AkramaNa karane ke liye ikaTThe ho gae the jinako rAjA candra ( candragupta dvitIya vikramAditya ) ne parAjita kiyA / vikramAditya ke par3osI rAjAgaNoM dvArA eka sAtha ikaTThe hokara AkramaNa karane kI yojanA kA varNana rAjazekhara ne bhI kiyA hai / antara itanA hai ki AkramaNa kI yojanA rAjazekhara ke anusAra sUri prabhAva se TalI jabaki abhilekha pramANita karatA hai ki rAjA 1. oMkAra nagara aMkita sikkoM ke liye de0 gopAla, lallanajI : arlI meDivala kvAyana - TAipsa oNpha nArdarna iNDiyA, da nyUmismaiTika sosAiTI oNpha iNDiyA, vArANasI, 1966, pR0 13 prabhAca, pR0 31; puprasa pR0 93 / 2. kupAca, pR0 88 3. prako, pR0 17; yaha gaur3adeza kA pAlavaMzIya rAjA devapAla ( lagabhaga 810-850 I0 ) nahIM hai jisakA ullekha bAdAla stambha - lekha ( ipi0 iNDi0 ) dvitIya, pR0 160 - 165 meM hai / 4. phlITa : gupta-abhilekha, uddhRta pANDeya, rAjabalI : prAcIna bhArata, pR0 264, Ti0 3; "sImAlabhUpAlAH sambhUya: madrAjyaM jighRkSava, prako, 10 17 /

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50 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana candra ne unako balapUrvaka parAjita kara apanI bhujAoM para khaDga se kIti aMkita kii| ataH yahI vikramAditya hI prabandhakoza kA devapAla rAjA hai, kyoMki usakI aneka upAdhiyoM ke alAvA devarAja, devagupta Adi aneka nAma bhI pAye jAte haiN| siddhasena ko aisA gaurava prApta thA ki zvetAmbara tathA digambara donoM hI inheM apane-apane sampradAya kA mAnate haiN| inake race 32 grantha kahe jAte haiM, jinameM se 21 grantha Aja bhI upalabdha haiN|' ina granthoM meM pahalI bAra brAhmaNa aura bauddha darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana va jaina dRSTikoNa se unakI AlocanA prApta hotI hai| 7. mallabAvisUri prabandha ____ zIlAditya kA janma valabhI meM huA thaa| inakI mAtA subhagA aura nAnA devAditya brAhmaNa the, jo kheTA mahAsthAna ( gurjara-maNDala ) ke nivAsI the| usa bAlaka ne asAdhAraNa zakti ajita kara valabhI ke rAjA ko mAra DAlA aura zIlAditya ke nAma se valabhI-nareza bana baiThA / usane bhRgukSetra ke rAjA ke sAtha apanI bahana kA vivAha kiyaa| isa bahana kA putra mallavAdi khlaayaa| eka bAra zIlAditya kI sabhA meM jainoM aura bauddhoM ke bIca zAstrArtha huaa| usameM parAjita jainoM ko rAjA ne apane rAjya se nirvAsita kara diyaa| jaba zIlAditya ke bhAMje ko apanI mA~ se zvetAmbara jainoM kI hIna dazA kA patA calA, khinna bAlaka ne bauddhoM ke unmUlana kI pratijJA kI aura mallaparvata para tapasyA zurU kara dii| vaha zAsana-devI se 'nayacakra' kI tarka-pustaka prAptakara valabhI AyA aura bauddhoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara diyaa| aba vaha mallavAdi kahalAne lgaa| 1. pANDeya, rAjabalI : prA0 bhA0, pR0 262-263 / 2. vizada vivecanA ke lie de0 jainaso, pR0 164-165; jaipai, pR0 254 256; joharApurakara va kAlasIvAla : pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 34; upAdhye, e0 ena0 : siddhasensa 'nyAyAvatAra' aiNDa adara varksa; upAdhyAya, vAsudeva : gu0 sA0 kA iti0, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 147-148; jaisAbRi, jhagacha, 564; 565, 569-571 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [51 kAlAntara meM raGka vaNika ne IrSyA ke vazIbhUta ho mleccha senA ko valabhI bulaayaa| prabandhakoza ke anusAra 375 vi0 saM0 meM valabhI bhaGga huA jo truTipUrNa hai| vastutaH valabhI bhaGga 788 I0 meM huA thaa| __ mallavAdi ke varNana prabhAvakacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi aura prabandhakoza meM Ate haiN| prabandhakoza meM prabandhacintAmaNi ke kathana kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / prabandha-granthoM ke anuzIlana se spaSTa hai ki mallavAdi nAma ke tIna AcArya hue| paJcAsara, pATaNa aura thAmaNA meM mallavAdi gaccha kI gaddiyA~ thiiN| eka jaina-paramparA ke anusAra prathama mallavAdi vikrama kI cauthI-pA~cavI zatAbdI, dvitIya mallavAdi AThavIM aura tRtIya mallavAdi terahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya haiN|' prabandhakoza ke mallavAdi vikrama kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke mallavAdi nahIM the, kyoMki inhoMne siddhasena (pA~cavI zatAbdI I0) kI 'sammatitarka' para TIkA racI hai| ye vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke mallavAdi nahIM the, kyoMki 'anekAntajayapatAkA' (vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI) meM unake grantha ke uddharaNa prApta hote haiM / ataeva prabandhakoza kA mallavAdi dvitIya mallavAdi thA, jo vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI kA AcArya thaa| vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI meM kAnyakubja nareza ne kheTakapura ( gujarAta kI rAjadhAnI kher3A ) se gurjaravaMzIya rAjA ko nikAla kara apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| usa samaya valabhIpura meM sUryavaMzI dhruvapaTa nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| kannauja ke rAjA Ama ne ratnagaGgA nAma kI putrI kA vivAha dhruvapaTu ke sAtha aura dUsarI putrI kA vivAha lATa deza (bhRgukaccha ) ke rAjA ke sAtha kiyaa| kadAcit yahI dhruvapaTu ( 7vIM zatI I0 ) zIlAditya kahalAyA hogA, kyoMki Aditya ( sUrya ) se use sUkSma zilA prApta huI thI, jise vaha Ayudha ke rUpa meM prayukta karatA thaa| 1. de0 jaipai, pR0 378-380 / 2. rAmApho, prathama bhAga, pUrvAddha', pR0 49 pAdaTi0 /

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52 ] 8. haribhadrasUri prabandha haribhadra kA janma citrakUTa ( cittaur3a ) meM huA thaa| unameM jJAna, sammAna aura sattA ina tInoM kA yoga thA / usa 'kalikAlasarvajJa' kA abhimAna eka viduSI jainasAdhvI yAkinI ne bhaMga kara diyA / tadanantara haribhadra ne apane bhAMje haMsa aura paramahaMsa ko apanA priya ziSya banAyA / prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana eka bAra ve donoM ziSya jina pratimA ke citra meM tIna rekhAe~ khIMca kara, use buddha kA citra banA usa para paira rakhakara bhAga Aye / bauddha sainikoM ne eka ziSya ko rAste meM aura dUsare ko cittaur3a durga ke pAsa mAra DAlA / isase haribhadra krodhita hue / 1440 bauddhoM ko ekatra kara garma tela kI kar3hAI meM jhoMkane kI taiyArI hone lagI / guru dvArA bhejI gayI 'samarAditya' caritra kI cAra gAthAoM ko par3hakara logoM ko bodha huA aura zAnti milii| isake prAyazcita - svarUpa haribhadra ne 1440 granthoM kA praNayana kiyA / cittaur3a kI talahaTI ke vyApAriyoM ne unake granthoM kI pratiyA~ karAyIM aura khUba pracAra kiyA / haribhadra ne zrImAlapura ke eka kSatriya dyUtakAra yuvaka ko upadeza diyA aura usake jJAna ke liye 'lalitavistarA' grantha rcaa| isake bAda haribhadra anazana karake suraloka sidhAre / " haribhadra kA itivRtta prabhAvakacarita purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha aura paTTAvaliyoM meM vistAra se prApta hotA hai| isa AcArya ke hArila, harigupta aura haribhadra tIna nAma Ate haiN| haribhadra nAmaka chaH prasiddha AcArya hue haiM / inameM se prathama haribhadra ( 725-825 I0 ) kA varNana prabandhakoza meM kiyA gayA hai / unake pAsa eka aisA ratna thA jisameM dIpaka kI taraha prakAza thA jisase AcArya jI rAtri meM bhI grantha likha lete the / haribhadra zvetAmbaroM kA sambhavataH sarvazreSTha vidvAn aura Agama-granthoM para saMskRta meM TIkAe~ likhane vAlA prathama vyakti thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki isa sarvazAstrapAraMgata ne 1440 granthoM kI 1. belAnI, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR05, 20, 21, 24, 28, 31 / 2. jaipai, pU0 480 - 482 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [ 53 racanA kI thI / unameM se 88 granthoM kI khoja kI gayI hai jinameM se 26 to nizcaya hI usakI kRtiyA~ haiM / " udyotanasUri apanI kuvalayamAlA ( 778 I0 ) kI prazasti meM svIkAra karate haiM ki vaha haribhadra ke ziSya the / isalie muni jinavijaya ne haribhadra kI tithi 700- 770 I0 nirdhArita kI hai / haramana yAkobI ne jinavijaya dvArA pradatta tithi kA anumodana kiyA hai / " kintu nimnalikhita tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue isa tithi kA punarAvalokana karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / haribhadra siddhasena dvitIya aura usakI sanmati ( 550-600 I0 ) tathA isake pUrva ke kaI granthakAroM kA sandarbha aura uddharaNa dete haiM akalaMka ( 625-675 I0 ) ko vaha sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM / apanI anekAntajayapatAkA meM ve prAyaH akalaMka ke tarka kI prazaMsA karate haiM / bhartRhari ( 590-650 I0 ), dharmakIrti ( 635 650 I0 ), kumArila ( 600 - 660 I0 ) aura dharmottara (700-780 I0 ) prabhRti vidvAnoM kA aura unake granthoM ke ullekha haribhadra ne apane granthoM meM kiye haiM / ataH haribhadra inake bAda hue haiN| phalataH haribhadra ke sAhityika kriyA-kalApa 800 I0 ke Age taka phaila jAte haiM / haribhadra kI khyAti dIrghAyu ke liye bhI hai / ataeva haribhadrasUri sambhavataH 725-825 I0 ke bIca rahe haiM / 6. bappabhaTTisUri prabandha sUrapAla ( bappabhaTTi ) kSatriya kA janma 743 I0 meM paJcAla deza ke DUmbAudhI grAma meM huA thA / unake pitA bappa aura mAtA bhaTTi 1. de0 'samarAiccakahA' meM yAkobI dvArA prastAvanA; premI vAlyUma, pR0 451; dAsa, eca0 jI0 : haribhadracarita; jaina granthAvalI ( belAnI ) pR0 5-7; joharApurakara pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 51 jaipai, pR0 485-486 para haribhadra racita kula 56 granthoM ke nAma prakAzita kiye gaye haiM / 2. jinavijaya, 'DeTa oNpha haribhadra', samarIja, Ala iNDiyA oriyaNTala kA~gresa, pUnA, 1919, pR0 124 / 3. samarAiccakahA kI prastAvanA /

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54 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana donoM kI smRtisvarUpa guru siddhasena sUri ne dIkSA ke samaya ( 750 I0 ) meM sUrapAla kA nAma bappabhaTTi apara nAma bhadrakIrti rakhA / adhyayanakAla meM bappabhaTTi kA rAjakumAra Ama ( nAgabhaTTa dvitIya ) se sneha huA, jo jIvanabhara banA rahA / 1 usa samaya gaur3a deza kI rAjadhAnI lakSaNAvatI meM rAjA dharma ( pAla ) zAsana kara rahA thA, jisakI rAjasabhA meM kavirAja vAkpati bhI vidyamAna thA / bhramaNa karate hue bappabhaTTi vahA~ pahu~ce / dharma ( pAla ) ke prastAva para usakI ora se bauddha dArzanika varddhanakuJjara aura Ama rAjA kI ora se bappabhaTTi ke bIca zAstrArthaM huA, jisameM varddhanakuJjara kI guTikA ( laghupustikA yA noTabuka) gira jAne se bappabhaTTi vijayI huA aura 'vAdikuJjarakesarI' kahalAne lagA | Ama gopAlagiri ( gvAliyara ) ke kAnyakubja rAjA yazovarma ( vatsarAja ) aura rAnI suyazA kA putra thA / yazovarma ( vatsarAja ) ke nidhanoparAnta Ama rAjA huaa| isake bAda hI 754 I0 meM siddhasena ne bappabhaTTa ko sUripada para pratiSThita aura rAjA Ama ko pratibodhita kiyA / eka anya samaya lakSaNAvatI para AkramaNa huA / dharma ( pAla ) mAra girAyA gayA aura vAkpati bandI banAyA gayA / vAkUpati ne kArAgAra meM 'gaur3avadha' prAkRta mahAkAvya racA / udhara jaba Ama eka naTa-bAlikA para Asakta ho gaye taba bappa - bhaTTa ne bodhaka - padyoM dvArA rAjA kA moha bhaMga kiyA / bappabhaTTi ne raivataka ke zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM meM utpanna matabheda ko dUra kiyA / jIvana kI sandhyA meM rAjA Ama ne samudrasena ke rAjagiri durga para prathama AkramaNa kiyA, para apane putra dunduka ( rAmabhadra ) ke rahate use jIta na sakA / apane pautra kI sahAyatA se use dvitIya AkramaNa meM vijaya prApta huI / tadanantara gopagari Akara Ama ne dunduka ko rAjya para pratiSThita kiyA / Ama 833 I0 meM svargavAsI hue / rAjyAsIna hote hI dunduka trivarga sevana karane lagA / usane kaNTikA gaNikA ko antaHpura kI strI banA liyA / antataH bhoz2a mAtuliGgI vidyA dvArA kaNTikA aura

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [55 vezyAgAmI rAjA dunduka donoM kA pRthak-pRthak vadha kara rAjya meM pratiSThita huaa| bappabhaTTi 838 I0 meM 95 varSa kI Ayu pUrNakara cala bse| bappabhaTTisUri-prabandha kA vizleSaNa karane se nimnalikhita aitihAsika tathya sAmane Ate haiM - 1. kannauja kA rAjA Ama nAgAvaloka gaur3a nRpati dharmapAla ( 770-810 I.) kA pratidvandI tathA bhoja ( mihira ) kA pitAmaha thaa| vaha bappabhaTTi sUri kA mitra evaM ziSya thaa| usakI mRtyu 833 I0 meM huI thii| ataH ise gurjara pratIhAravaMzI 'nAgabhaTTa dvitIya' ( 800-833 I0 ) mAnA jA sakatA hai| 2. dharma gaur3a deza kA pAlavaMzIya rAjA dharmapAla thaa| usakI rAjasabhA meM bauddha paNDita vardhanakuMjara thaa| dharmapAla eka bauddha nareza to thA kintu vardhanakuMjara nAmaka bauddha paNDita kA nAma jJAta nahIM hotA / 3. Ama aura gaur3a nareza dharmapAla meM cirantana baira thaa| yaha baira unake dharmoM-kamazaH jaina aura bauddha-ke bhedoM para bhI AdhArita thaa| Ama kAnyakubja deza meM rAjya karatA rahA, jisameM gopagiri ( gvAliyara ), kAliMjara, saurASTra, raivataka aura prabhAsa sammilita the / stambhatIrtha bhI usake rAjya meM sammilita thaa| Ama ( nAgabhaTTa dvitIya aura dharmapAla meM sandhi ho gyii| 4. Ama ne rAjagiri ko bhI jItA thA, jisakI puSTi bhoja ke gvAliyara abhilekha se hotI hai|' 5. Ama nAgAvaloka kA putra dunduka thA aura dunduka kA putra bhoja / yaha rAmabhadra kA sambhavataH vidrUpita nAma hai| rAmabhadra kannauja kA zAsaka thA aura kannauja meM hI mihirabhoja kA janma huA thaa| isameM lezamAtra bhI sandeha nahIM hai ki rAmabhadra ne sUrya kI upAsanA karake sUryadeva kI kRpA se eka putra prApta kiyA jisako 'mihira' nAma diyA gyaa| kannauja-mandira ke sUrya devatA kA nAma hI mihira thaa| 1. 'Amo rAjagirimavikSat', vahI, pR0 41; de0 gvA0 pra0 / 2. 'sutaM rahasya vratasuprasannAtsUyadivApanmihirAbhidhAna', gvA0 pra0 zloka 15 /

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56 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana skandapurANa meM Ama (nAgabhaTTa dvitIya ) ko kAnyakubja kA sArvabhauma samrATa kahA gayA hai / ' 6. kannauja nareza yazovarmA ko Ama kA pitA likhA hai, jo itihAsaviruddha hai / rAjazekhara ko kisI pUrvavartI se yaha galata sUcanA milI aura yazovarmA kA bhrAntarUpa meM citraNa kara diyA / vastutaH Ama ( nAgabhaTTa ) ke pitA kA nAma vatsarAja thA / yazovarmA vaha ho sakatA hai jisane kisI gaur3a rAjA ko mArA thA / anta meM paJcAla deza ke DUmbAudhI grAma ke samIkaraNa kI samasyA raha jAtI hai / eka jaina - paramparA meM isa grAma kI pahacAna paMjAba ke dulavA grAma se kI gayI hai kyoMki dUrvA, dUba aura dulavA samAnArthaka haiM, kintu yaha mata mAnya nahIM hai / paJcAla deza meM Adhunika uttara pradeza ke barelI, badAyUM, pharUkhAbAda aura ruhelakhaNDa ke samIpavartI jile Ate haiM / kAlAntara meM paJcAla ke do bhAga ho gae - uttara aura dakSiNa paJcAla | ataH DambAudhI grAma Adhunika uttara pradeza meM hI khojanA par3egA aura vaha bhI dakSiNI paJcAla meM / kyoMki dakSiNI paJcAla gopagiri aura kannauja ke adhika nikaTa hai / mahAbhArata meM kaI parvoM meM isakA ullekha hai / ' aitareya brAhmaNa meM paJcAla ke zAsaka durmukha (Dummukha ) kA nAma milatA hai / isI durmukha yA Dummukha ke nAma se kAmpilya ke Asa-pAsa koI DUmbAudhI grAma rahA hogA / 10. hemasUri prabandha cAMgadeva ( hemacandra ) kA janma ( 1088 I0 meM ) dhundhuka nagara meM huA thaa| unake mAtA-pitA - pAhiNi aura cAciga - mor3ha 1. 'mihiraM kAnyakubje ca', skandapurANa, 7 1. 139. 22 ( 2 ) / 2. kaniMghama : eMzieNTa jyograiphI, pR0 360; rAyacaudharI, hemacandra : prA0 bhA0 kA rAja0 iti0, pR0 104 - 106 / 3. Adi0 a0 94, 104, droNa0 a0 22; udyoga0 bha0 156-157; 1 3 " vana0, a0 253, 513, 1 virATa0 a0 4 / 23 / 4. aitareya brAhmaNa, AThavA~

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana 57 jAtIya vaNik the / cAGgadeva ne devacandra sUri se dIkSA lI aura hemasUri nAma se vikhyAta huA / hemasUri ne siddharAja ko raJjita kiyaa| rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki hemasUri ke viSaya meM aneka bAteM prabandhacintAmaNi se jJAta hotI haiM / ataH vaha katipaya navIna prabandhoM ko prakAzita karatA hai / hemasUri ne kumArapAla ko amAri aura pazu-vadha niSedha kA upadeza diyA / usane rAjA kA kuSTa roga dUra kara diyaa| usake pratibodha se kumArapAla ne saparivAra, mantriyoM va hemasUri ke sAtha zatruJjaya, jayanta Adi kI tIrthayAtrA kI, nemi - vaMdanA kI aura prabhUta dAna diyA / cAlukya cAhamAna saMgharSa usa kumArapAla kI bahana ( devaladevI ) kA vivAha cAhamAnavaMzIya zAkambharI nareza AnAka ( arNorAja 1130-50 I0 ) se huA thA / Azcarya hai ki caupar3a ( zataraJja ) khelate samaya AnAka aura usakI patnI meM 'muNDikAoM ko mAro' bAta para vivAda ho gayA / ' rAnI apane bhAI kumArapAla ke pAsa zikAyata lekara AyI / kumArapAla ko gupta rUpa se vidita huA ki kruddha AnAka ne vyAghrarAja ko kumArapAla ke vadha ke lie niyukta kiyA thA / kumArapAla ne vyAghrarAja ko mallayuddha meM bhUmisAt kara diyA / donoM ora se yuddha kI taiyAriyA~ hone lagIM / kumArapAla ne pANi senA kA upAya kiyA / AnAka ne dravya-bala ( utkoca ) se kumArapAla ke naDDulIya cAhamAna kelhaNa Adi sAmantoM meM matabheda utpanna kara apane pakSa meM kara liyA / AnAka ne unheM udAsIna rahane kA mantra diyA / mAlavA kA rAjaputra cAhar3a svayaM ruSTa hokara AnAka ke pakSa meM calA gyaa| kisI taraha kumArapAla ne apane hAthI ko niyantrita karake AnAka ko haude sahita bhUmi para girA diyA / kumArapAla ne 1. 'muNDikA' dvayArthaka hai / eka artha huA zataraMja kI zArI ( goTa ), dUsarA artha huA TopikA se rahita sira, jo gurjara logoM se jur3A huA hai / de0 rAmApho, prathama bhAga, uttarArddha, pU0 126 Ti0 bhI jahA~ muNDikA ko jaina phakIroM se jor3A gayA hai /

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50 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana apanI bahana ko dI gayI pratijJA ko duharAyA aura 'utkhAtapratiropitavratAcArya' kA viruda dhAraNa kiyA / ' _hemasUrine kumArapAla ko pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta batalAyA ki mahAvIra-nirvANa se 64 varSa pazcAt caramakevalI jambU svAmI ko siddhi prApta huI / usake 170 varSa bAda sthalabhadra svarga gye| phira vajrasvAmI dasapUrvI aura Adi saMhanana gaye / tadanantara dhIre-dhIre pUrvakAla ke sabhI svAmI pralaya ko prApta he| pUrvajanma vAlA vANijyAraka agale janma meM jayasiMhadeva huA aura jayatAka marakara dUsare janma meM kumArapAla huaa| hemacandra kI jIvanI va upalabdhiyoM kA vizeSa varNana prabandhakoza ke alAvA prabhAvakacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi, kumArapAla-prabandha aura jinamaNDanakRta kumArapAlacarita meM adhika AtA hai / jayasiMha sUri ke kumArapAlacarita meM bhI ullekha hai| bhAudAjI, paNDita aura byUlara ne usake jIvanacaritra kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA hai / parantu prazna uThatA hai ki siddharAja ke yahA~ hemacandra ne pratiSThA kyoM pAI ? dhArAvijaya ke avasara para siddharAja ne bhojayugIna sAhitya-sarjanA dekhI hogI aura vaha gujarAta kI hrAsamAna sAhityika dazA se vyathita hue hoNge| taba gujarAta ke sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi kA kArya hemacandra ke hAthoM meM diyA hogA / ataH hemacandra kA praveza na to rAjanItika thA aura na dhArmika / pA~ca varSa kI vaya meM cAGgadeva dIkSita hokara somacandra aura 21 varSa kI Ayu meM suri-pada para pratiSThita hokara hemacandra sUri khlaayaa| 'nyAyakandalI' TIkA meM rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki hemacandra ne 1. isakA zAbdika artha huA rAjAoM ko unmUlita kara punaH-sthApita karane ke vrata meM kuzala / tulanA kIjiye -prayAga-prazasti meM varNita samudragupta kI bhraSTa rAjya unmUlana nIti se / 2. de0 dezInAmamAlA oNpha hemacandra, ( sampA0 ) pizela, Ara0 : dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1938, pR0 1-92; kumArapAla prabandha kI prastAvanA, ja bA bA rA e so, bhAga 25vA~, pR0 222-224; phorsa kRta rAsamAlA ( sampA0 ) paNDita, esa0 pI0 : bhUmikA, hemjii|

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [59 siddharAja ko prabuddha kiyaa| parantu siddharAja-pratibodha ke viSaya meM hemacandra svayaM mauna haiN| prabhAcandra, merutuGga aura jayasiMhasUri ne saMketa taka nahIM kiyA hai| isaliye aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hemacandra kA praveza dhArmika uddezya se abhiprerita kadApi nahIM thaa| siddharAja zaiva thA aura AjIvana zaiva rhaa| parantu kumArapAla ke siMhAsanAsIna hone para hemacandra kA prabhAva bddh'aa| hemacandra 'kalikAlasarvajJa' hue aura kumArapAla paramAhata / ina paristhitiyoM ko hemacandra ne nakada bhunAyA, khUba dharma-pracAra kiyaa| hemacandra se 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' ko sone-rUpe se likhAkara sunaa| ekAdaza aMga, dvAdaza aMga, yogazAstra Adi likhavAye gye| abhidhAnacintAmaNi, kAvyAnuzAsana, chandonuzAsana, dezInAmamAlA, dvayAzrayakAvya, pariziSTaparva Adi atyadhika prasiddha haiN| 84 varSa kI vaya meM hemacandra ne prANa tyAga kiyA, kintu 'hemacandra kA yuga' Aja bhI unakI kRtiyoM meM jIvanta hai| ataH niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki hemacandra kA sambandha siddharAja ke sAtha utanA hI dIrghakAlika ( 30 varSoM kA ) thA, jitanA kumArapAla ke sAtha / parantu donoM sambandhoM meM antara yaha thA ki kumArapAla unheM sadaiva guru mAnatA rahA, jabaki siddharAja ne unheM vizvasta mitra mAnA thaa| phira bhI rAjasabhA meM rahate hue bhI hemacandra ne rAjakavi kA pada nahIM grahaNa kiyaa| hemacandra kA vyaktitva sArvakAlika, sArvadezika evaM vizvajanIna rahA hai kintu durbhAgyavaza abhI taka usake vyaktitva ko sampradAya-vizeSa taka hI sImita rakhA gayA hai| 11. harSakavi prabandha harSa ke pitA hIra the aura mAtA mAmalyadevI thiiN| unhoMne apane grantha naiSadha ke pratyeka sarga ke antima zloka meM apanI brAhmaNa mAtA kA tathA kabhI-kabhI apane anya granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| hIra kAzI ke rAjA vijayacandra ( 1155-69 I0 ) kI aura usake putra ( ? pautra) jayacandra (1170-94 I0 ) kI rAjasabhA ke paNDita the| harSakavi ne bAlyAvasthA meM sambhavataH mAtA-pitA ke adhIna adhyayana kiyaa|

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60 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana aneka granthoM kI racanAkara zrIharSa kannauja rAjasabhA meM pahu~ce / unakA Agamana sunakara rAjA ne mantrI, rAjasabhA ke vidvAnoM Adi ke sAtha jAkara nagara parisara meM zrIharSa kA svAgata satkAra kiyA / pitA kI AjJA zirodhArya kara satguru se tarka, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, vedAntAdi darzana, yogazAstra aura mantrazAstra kA samyak adhyayana kiyA / antataH unhoMne 'khaNDana khaNDakhAdya' kI racanA karake udayana kA mada cUrNa kiyA / jaba harSakavi ne rAjAjJA se naiSadha mahAkAvya racakara rAjA ko dikhalAyA taba rAjA ne harSa se kahA ki kazmIra jAkara vahA~ ke rAjA se grantha ke abhinandita hone kA pramANa-patra lAo / mahInoM bAda harSa - kavi grantha kI zuddhatA kA rAjamudrA pramANita lekha lekara kAzI lauTe / isI bIca rAjA kI abhiSikta devI ke meghacandra putra aura sUhavadevI ke durvinIta putra utpanna huA / mantrI vidyAdhara ne rAjA se satputra meghacandra ko rAjya dene kI sammati dI, na ki punadhRtA putra ko / kruddha sUhavadevI ne gaMgA meM DUbakara prANa tyAga diyA / udhara suratrANa kAzI pahu~cA, use naSTa-bhraSTa kiyA aura yavanoM ne nagarI ko khUba lUTA | harSa kavi kI jIvanI rAjazekhara ko chor3akara kisI prAcIna vidvAn ne nahIM likhI hai aura na kisI grantha meM milatI hai / harSakavi prabandha rAjazekharasUri kI maulika racanA hai| isa prabandha meM usake romANTika pakSa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai kintu usakI sAmarika aura rAjanItika upalabdhiyoM ko chor3a diyA gayA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'yasya gomatI dAsI' / gomatI ke taTavartI bhU-bhAga usake adhikAra meM the / parantu kumAradeva prabandha meM kAzIpati jayantacandra aura senavaMzIya lakSaNasena ke bIca zatrutA kA ullekha milatA hai / rAjasabhA se zrIharSa ke samparka kA pramANa prabandhakoza meM hai aura svayaM naiSadha kI grantha- prazasti meM ullekha hai ki do bIr3e pAna ke sAtha kAnyakubjAdhipati ne usakA sammAna kiyA / aitihAsika dRSTi se zrIharSa ke grantha mUlyahIna hote hue bhI naiSadha kI gaNanA 'bRhattrayI' meM kI jAtI hai / naiSadha udAtta paramparA aura nicale sAMskRtika dharAtala, U~ce aura ghaTiyA saundarya kA saMkula mizraNa hai /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [ 61 zrIharSa kA vaMzaja harihara naiSadha kI pratilipi gujarAta meM pahalepahala lAyA thA aura vastupAla kI hI preraNA se usa grantha kA khUba pracAra usa prAnta meM ho gayA thA / 12. harihara prabandha harihara naiSadhacarita ke kartA harSakavi ( lagabhaga 1174 I0 ) kA vaMzaja thA vaha gaur3adezIya siddha sArasvata aura dhanADhya vyakti thA / usane gaur3a deza se gujarAta kI ora mArga meM prabhUta dAna dete hue prasthAna kiyA / dhavalakka kI sImA meM pahu~ca kara usane vIradhavala, vastupAla aura somezvara kavi ke lie AzIrvacana bhejA / vIradhavala aura vastupAla to bar3e prasanna hue kintu somezvara kI IrSyA bar3ha gayI / eka bAra rAjasabhA meM somezvara ne 108 zloka par3he / taba harihara kahA, 'ye saba zloka ujjayinI ke bhojadeva ( 1010 -55 I0 ) ke sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa prAsAda kI prazasti meM mere dekhe hue haiM / " tadanantara harihara ne una saba zlokoM ko jyoM-kA-tyoM sunA diyA / phalataH rANaka khinna, vastupAla vyathita aura somezvara mRtaka ke samAna jar3avatu ho ge| bAda meM somezvara aura harihara meM pragAr3ha maitrI ho gayI / tadanantara vastupAla kI sAhityika goSThiyA~ bar3I sajIva hone lagIM / harihara yathAvasara harSakavi kRta naiSadha mahAkAvya ko par3hatA rahatA thA / vastupAla dvArA naiSadha kI prati mA~gane para harihara ne kevala eka rAtri ke lie apanI nijI prati dI / vastupAla ne usa eka rAta meM hI usakI pratilipi karavA lii| isake bAda harihara kAzI meM apane lie siddhi prApta karane cale gae / mahAmAtya vastupAla ke yuga kI sAhityika vibhUtiyoM meM se eka harihara bhI thA / isIlie rAjazekhara ne apane prabandhakoza meM eka pUrA 1. de0 zivadatta : naiSadhIyacarita, prastA0, pR0 9-13 kRSNamAcAriyara, klaisika saMskRta liTarecara, pR0 177 - 178; bahurA : vizeSa jJAtavya, rAmApho, prathama bhAga, pUrvArddha / 2. tulanA kIjie, praci, pR0 40 / ukta prAsAda-paTTikA meM utkIrNa prazasti mahAkavi dhanapAla dvArA racita thI /

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62 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prabandha usa para likhA hai / vastupAla ko upanAma 'vasantapAla' dene vAloM meM harihara eka thA / harihara apane samakAlika somezvara ke kAvyoM kI sarAhanA kiyA karatA thA / usa kavi ne apanI kIrtikaumudI' meM harihara kA varNana kiyA hai / harihara ke kucha padya prabandhakoza meM uddhRta haiM / 13. amaracandrakavi prabandha amaracandra aNahilapattana ke vAyaTa mahAsthAna meM jIvadevasUri aura jinadattasUri kI ziSya paramparA meM hue| vaha buddhimAna thA aura usane arisiMha se siddha sArasvata mantra grahaNa kiyA thA / amara ne kAvyakalpalatA nAmaka kavizikSA, chandoratnAvalI, sUktAvalI, kalA-kalApa aura bAla- bhArata kI racanA kI / bAla-bhArata meM prabhAta-varNana bar3A sundara kiyA gayA hai / jaise saMskRta-sAhitya meM kAlidAsa dIpazikhA kAlidAsa, mAgha ghaNTA - mAgha aura harSa anaMgaharSa kahalAte haiM, vaise hI kavi -samUha ne amaracandra ko 'veNIkRpANa' virud se vibhUSita kiyA thaa| amara mahArASTra Adi ke rAjAoM dvArA pUjita thA / amaracandra ke granthoM kI kIrti sunakara dhavalakka ke rAjA gurjarAdhipati vIsaladeva ( 1246-64 I0 ) apane pradhAna Thakkura vaijala ko bhejakara amarakavi ko rAjasabhA meM Amantrita kiyA / amarakavi ne somAditya, kRSNanagara nivAsI kamalAditya, nAnAka Adi aneka kaviyoM kI samasyA- pUrti kI / eka bAra amara apane kalA guru arisiMha ko rAjA ke pAsa le gaye the / kAlAntara meM amara ne 'padma' ke nAma para padmAnanda nAmaka zAstra kI racanA kI thI / kamalAditya ke nivAsa sthAna kRSNanagara kA samIkaraNa vAyupurANa meM varNita ' kRSNagiri se nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha hindUkuza parvata 1. kI 0 kau0, prathama, 25, puNyavijaya saMskaraNa, 1961, pR0 4 / 2. kyoMki amaracandra ne bAla- bhArata ke eka zloka meM nAyikA ke kezoM ( veNI ) kI tulanA kAmadeva ke kRpANa se kI hai ( Adiparva, 11.6 ) 3. vAyupurANa, a0 36 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [ 63 meM kArAkorama ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai aura yaha gurjarAdhipati rAjA vIsaladeva ke dhavalakka nagara se kAphI dUra par3atA hai / yaha vijaya nagara kA kRSNapura bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki kRSNapura ko kRSNarAya ne basAyA thA, jo bahuta bAda kI ghaTanA hai / " kRSNanagara lalitavistara meM varNita kRSNagrAma ho sakatA hai jo kapilavastu ke samIpa sthita thA / kucha vidvAnoM ne isakA samIkaraNa usa sthAna se kiyA hai jahA~ gautama ne apanA rAjasI vastra, keza aura kRpANa Adi kA tyAga kiyA thaa| rAjazekhara kI mAnyatA hai ki amaracandra arisiMha kA ziSya thA / yaha yuktipUrNa nahIM pratIta hotI hai| ye donoM sahapAThI the / arisiMha kA dAvA amaracandra kA lalita kalAguru hone taka hI sImita hai / amarakavi prabandha rAjazekhara kA maulika prabandha hai jisameM vaha usa rAjasabhA kA sajIva citraNa karatA hai jahA~ vidvAnoM kA samAgama rAjasabhA kA mahatvapUrNa aMga samajhA jAtA thA / 1337 I0 meM mahendra ke ziSya madanacandra ne amaracandra kI eka pratimA aNahilavAr3A meM sthApita kI thI / yadyapi amara kisI jaina gaccha kA nAyaka yA AcArya nahIM thA, tathApi jaina mandira meM usakI pratimA kI pratiSThApanA aura pUjana usake mahatva kA paricAyaka hai / 14. madanakIti prabandha kavi madanakIrti ujjayinI ke vizAlakIrti digambara ke ziSya the / ve tInoM dizAoM ke vAdiyoM ko jItakara 'mahA prAmANika-cUr3AmaNi' kA viruda arjita kara ujjayinI lauTe / guruvacana kA ullaMghana kara vidyAbhimAnI madana dakSiNa ke vAdiyoM ko jItane karNATa pahu~ce / vaha vahA~ vijayapura meM kuntibhoja kI rAjasabhA meM praviSTa hue / vahA~ madana aura rAjakumArI madanamaJjarI ke bIca yavanikA rahate hue bhI madana ne rAjakumArI se aisA grantha likhavAnA zurU kiyA jo rAjA 1. ipi0 iNDi0 prathama, 398 / 2. laoN : hi0 jyo0, pR0 118 | 3. jinavijaya ( sampA0 ) : prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, sijaina, bambaI, saM0 523 |

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64 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsivaH vivecana ke pUrvajoM se sambaddha thaa| una donoM ke praNaya-saMvAda ne yavanikA dUra aura kaumArya-vratabhaMga kara diyaa| saMzaya hone para rAjA ne chipakara praNaya-kalaha aura akRtya dekhaa| usane madana ke vadha kI AjJA de dii| lekina rAjakumArI ke dussAhasa aura mantrI kI salAha se digambara mukta kara diyA gayA / antataH una donoM kA vivAha huaa| java vizAlakIti ne yauvanadharma ke kusaMga kI mahimA sunI taba unhoMne digambara madana ko bodhita karane ke lie cAra ziSyoM ko bhejaa| usake uttara meM madanakIrti ne guru ke pAsa katipaya padya likhakara bheje jinase yaha dhvanita huA ki priyA-darzana dvArA nirvANa prApta ho sakatA hai| guru stabdha raha gaye aura madanakIrti sambhavataH vividha vilAsitAoM kA bhoga karatA rahA / madanakIrti vaha digambara kavi hai jisake Upara rAjazekhara ne eka pRthak aura pUrA prabandha likhakara apane ko sAmpradAyikatA kI A~ca se bacA liyA hai| madanakIrti digambara ke guru vizAlakIti kA ullekha to prabandhakoza ko chor3akara anya kisI bhI pUrvavartI jaina-prabandha meM nahIM huA hai| svayaM madana kA varNana prabandhakoza ke alAvA purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM kevala eka sthala para yatkiJcit huA hai / ataeva rAjazekhara dvArA tatsambandhI eka svatantra prabandha racanA usakI dharma-sahiSNutA aura itihAsa-priyatA kA dyotaka hai| ___ madanakIti se sambandhita do prazna haiM jinakA sandarbha prabandhakoza meM nahIM hai| eka hai madanakIrti aura harihara kI sparddhA aura dUsarA hai madanakIrti aura arhat-dAsa kI jIvanIviSayaka smaantaa| ____ madanakIti aura harihara kI spardhA kA varNana purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM saMgRhIta hai| vastupAla kI AjJAnusAra eka samaya meM una donoM meM se koI eka hI sAhityika goSThI meM praveza kara pAtA thaa| lekina eka bAra donoM kA eka sAtha samAgamana ho gyaa| unake vivAda ko samApta karane ke lie vastupAla ne zarta rakhI ki jo eka sau zloka tatkAla raca degA vaha hI mahAkavi khlaayegaa| madanakIrti ne zIghra hI 100 zloka raca diye, kintu harihara 67 hI banA paayaa| usane 1. puprasa, pR0 77 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [65 tarka diyA ki kAvya meM saMkhyA kI apekSA guNa kA adhika mahatva hotA hai| phalataH donoM ko puraskRta kiyA gyaa| purAtana-prabandha-saMgraha ke isa itivRtta kI puSTi kRSNakavi dvArA saMkalita subhASita ratnakoza se bhI hotI hai| ___ jahA~ taka dUsare prazna kA sambandha hai, sambhavataH madanakIrti hI kumArga meM ThokareM khAte-khAte arhaddAsa bana gye| 'arhadAsa' vizeSaNa jaisA ki mAlUma hotA hai, vAstavika nAma nhiiN| unake granthoM kA pracAra prAyaH karnATaka meM hI rhaa| vizAlakIrti ke prayatnoM se ve satpatha para lauTa Aye aura phira ahadAsa bana gaye / 15. sAtavAhana prabandha sAtavAhana kA janma pratiSThAnapura meM huA thaa| usakI mAtA eka apratima rUpavatI vidhavA brAhmaNI thI aura pitA zeSa nAmaka nAgarAja thA, jisane upabhuktA vidhavA ko yaha vacana diyA thA ki 'saMkaTa meM merA smaraNa karanA' / bAlyAvasthA meM vaha bAlaka apane mitroM ke sAtha krIr3A karatA thaa| vaha svayaM rAjA banakara mitroM ke lie kRtrima vAhana hAthI, ghor3e, ratha Adi pradAna kiyA karatA thaa| 'sanoti' kA artha dAna denA hotA hai, isa kAraNa vAhanoM kA dAna dene se vaha 'sAtavAhana' khlaayaa| kinhIM kAraNoM se sAtavAhana ko pratiSThAnapura meM rAjA ghoSita kiyA gyaa| vahA~ ke eka vRddha ke nidhanoparAnta usake cAroM putroM ke vivAda kA nirNaya sAtavAhana rAjA ne hI bakhUbI kara diyA thaa| yaha sunakara ujjayinI ke rAjA vikramAditya ( 57 I0 pU0 ) ne pratiSThAnapura ko senA dvArA cAroM ora se ghera liyaa| saMkaTa ke samaya 1. bhaNDArakara prativedana 4, pR0 57 / 2. sanoterdAnArthatvAt lokaH 'sAtavAhanaH' iti vyapadezaM lmbhitH| 14vIM zatAbdI meM jinaprabhasUri ne 'sAtavAhana' zabda kI vyAkhyA vitIka meM isa prakAra kI hai| vyAkhyA kA zreya jinaprabhasUri ko milatA hai kyoMki unhIM ke kalpa se prako meM yaha prabandha zabdazaH uddhRta kiyA gayA hai|

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66 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana sAtavAhana kI mAtA ne zeSa nAgarAja kA smaraNa kiyaa| zeSa dvArA pradatta eka amRta ghaTa ke prabhAva se miTTI ke azva, ratha, hAthI, padika vAhana sajIva ho gae / vikramAditya avanti bhAga gyaa| isake pazcAt sAtavAhana kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA / pratiSThAnapura meM divya vAstuabhidhAna bane aura dakSiNApatha se lekara uttara meM tAptI paryanta vijaya kI gayI aura sAtavAhana ne apanA saMvatsara pravartita kiyA / vaha jaina ho gayA / kAlAntara meM loka - prasiddha sAtavAhana itivRtta isa prakAra hai / bAda vAle sAtavAhana rAjA kA janma nAgahrada' meM huA thA jahA~ pIThajAdevI kA mandira Aja bhI hai / rAjA hAla ke samaya meM 'sAtavAhana zAstra" kI racanA huI / hAla ne kharamukha ko apanA daNDAdhikArI niyukta kiyA thA / anta meM rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki sAtavAhanoM kI paramparA meM zaktikumAra rAjyAbhiSikta huA thA kintu vidvAn jaina ise saMgata nahIM mAnate haiM / sAtavAhanoM ke zAsana kI prArambhika tithi 28 I0 pU0 mAnanI hogI / gopAlAcArI ke anusAra sAtakarNi ( prathama ) purANokta kRSNa kA putra na hokara simuka kA thaa| kyoMki isa sAtakaNikA kaliMga 1. nAgahrada kA samIkaraNa madhyapradeza ke nAgadA sthAna se jo ujjaina ke samIpa hai / de0 majumadAra, Ara0 sI0 da klAsikala eja, bhA0 vi0 bhavana, bambaI, 1944, pR0 158 / 2. sAtavAhana rAjA hAla ke samaya meM sAtavAhanoM ke sambandha meM jo zAstra banA use paravartI kAla meM 'gAthA saptazatI' ke nAma se prasiddhi prApta huI kyoMki merutuGga ( praci0, pR0 10) sUcita karatA hai ki sAta sau gAthAoM vAlA 'sAtavAhana' saMgraha, gAthA - koza- zAstra thaa| paramparayA yaha 'gAthA saptazatI' sAtavAhana nareza hAla dvArA praNIta mAnI jAtI hai / de0 pANDeya, ca0 bhA0 : A0 sA0 sA0 kA iti0, pR0 90-91 / 3. yAjadAnI, pR0 78 / 4. de0 pANDeya, candrabhAna, pR0 43 / kiyA jAtA hai ( sampA0 ) : .

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana [67 rAjA khAravela ke hAthI gumphA abhilekha meM ullekha AtA hai|' pratiSThAna yA paiThAna rAjA sAtakaNi ( sAtavAhana yA zAlivAhana ) aura usake putra zaktikumAra kI bhI rAjadhAnI thI, jisakI pahacAna nAnAghATa abhilekha ke rAjA sAtakarNi aura kumArazakti se kI jAtI hai| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra sAtavAhanoM kA agalA mahattvazAlI aura satrahavA~ rAjA hAla pahalI zatI ke anta yA dUsarI zatI ke prArambha meM huaa| sAtavAhana prabandha meM camatkArika varNanoM kA ambAra lagA hai| rAjazekhara yahA~ taka likhatA hai ki usa sAtavAhana ne saMvatsara bhI pravartita kiyA, jabaki satya yaha hai ki sAtavAhanoM ne apane abhilekhoM aura mudrAoM meM kisI saMvatsara kA upayoga nahIM kiyaa| prabandhakoza kA sAtavAhana prabandha to prabhAvakacarita ke pratiSThAnapura kalpa se zabdazaH uddhRta hai| ataH isa prabandha meM rAjazekhara kI maulikatA kA pUrNatayA abhAva hai, sivA isake ki prabandha ke anta meM vaha itihAsazAstra se sambandhita do viSayoM ko uThAtA hai, yathA kAlakrama kA tulanAtmaka varNana tathA sAtavAhana rAjA ke samIkaraNa kA prayAsa / kAlakrama kA tulanAtmaka aura sakAraNa varNana karate samaya baha "vidvAn jaina ise saMgata nahIM mAnate haiM" yaha kaha kara apanI spaSTavAditA kA paricaya detA hai| "isI prakAra sAtavAhana ke pazcAt sAtavAhana aura sAtavAhana ke krama meM sAtavAhana kA honA yaha (prAcIna gAthA-arthAt itihAsa ke ) viruddha nahIM hai kyoMki bhojapada para bahuta 1. dutiye ca base acitayitA sAtakani pachima, disaM hya gaja nara radha bahulaM daMDa paThAyapayati / ipi iNDi0, jilda 20, pR0 72; de0 pANDeya rAjabalI : hi0 aiNDa liTararI iMskRpzaMsa, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vArANasI, 1962, pR0 46 / 2. kaimbrija hisTarI oNpha iNDiyA, jilda 1, pR0 531 / ' 3. pANDeya, rAjabalI : prA0 bhA0, pR0 211; vikra u, pR. 12; yahI tithi haraprasAda zAstrI ( ipi0 iNDi0, bArahavA, pR0 230 tathA go| rAH ojhA ( prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 168 ) dvArA bhI mAnya hai|

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68 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana se loga bhojatva ko, janaka - pada para bahuta se loga janakatva ko prApta hue, aisI rUr3hi hai / " isase eka kadama aura Age bar3hakara rAjazekhara sAtavAhana rAjA ke samIkaraNa kA prayAsa karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki zrI ( mahA ) vIra ke nirvANa ke 470 varSa bAda ( tadanusAra 57 I0 pU0 meM ) vikramAditya rAjA huA / tatkAlIna yaha sAtavAhana usI pratipakSa meM utpanna huA / 1. prako, pR0 74 /

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adhyAya-5 aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) prastuta adhyAya pichale adhyAya kA pUraka hai / prabandhakoza ke pandraha prabandhoM kA aitihAsika mUlyAMkana kara lene ke bAda aba zeSa nau prabandhoM ke aitihAsika tathyoM para kramazaH prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| 16. baGkacUla prabandha pAreta janapada kI sImA para carmaNvatI ke taTa para DhIpurI nagarI thii| vahA~ ke rAjA vimalayaza aura rAnI sumaGgalA ko puSpacUla aura puSpacUlA nAmaka do santAneM huIM / bAlyakAla meM anarthaka kArya karane ke kAraNa rAjakumAra puSpacUla ko vaGkacUla kahA jAne lgaa| ruSTa hokara rAjA ne vaGkacUla ko nirvAsita kara diyaa| ... jaGgala meM bhIloM ne usa rAjaputra (kSatriya ) ko siMhaguhApallI kA pallIpati banA diyaa| eka bAra varSARtu meM susthitAcArya arbudaparvata se aSTApada Aye aura siMhaguhApallI meM Tike / rAjA vaGkacUla ne apanI rAjya sImA ke antargata dharmakathA kahane aura upadeza dene kI manAhI kara dii| susthitAcArya kI saralatA se vaGkacUla prabhAvita huA 1. prako, pR0 75, vitIka, pR0 81 / yaha sambhavataH uttara-pazcima kI kisI barbara jAti kA nivAsa sthAna rahA ho ( pAjiTara : eM0 I0 hi. Tre0, pR0 206, 268) / purANoM (mArkaNDeya, sarga 52, 20; vAyu, 45, 98 ) meM isake ullekha haiN| 2. prako, pR0 75-80; vitIka ( carmaNvatI ) pR0 81, 82; carmaNvatI ( cambala ) yamunA kI sahAyaka nadI hai / arAvalI se nikalatI hai| aSTAdhyAyI ( AThavA~, 2. 12 ) aura purANoM ( padma, u0 khaNDa, pada 35.38; mAra0; 57. 19-20 ) meM carmaNvatI ke varNana Ate haiN|

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70 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana aura unhoMne use cAra niyama batalAye / bhaviSya meM vaGkacUla ke lie una niyamoM ke ati zubha phala hue / susthitAcArya ke donoM ziSyoM - dharmaRSi aura dharmadatta ne bhI baGkacUla ko upadeza diye jinake phalasvarUpa vaGgacUla ne carmaNvatI ke kinAre caitya nirmANa aura mahAvIra pratimA kI pratiSThApanA kI / taba se vaha tIrthasthala rUr3ha ho gayA / vahI siMhaguhApallI kAlakrama se DhIMpurI kahI jAne lagI / eka bAra rAjA vaGkacUla ne grISmaRtu meM eka gA~va lUTane kA asaphala prayAsa kiyA / bhUkha-pyAsa aura garmI se vyAkula usake sainikoM ne ajJAta phala khA liye aura mahAnidrA meM lIna ho gae / parantu vaGkacUla ko pahalA niyama yAda thA / cU~ki usane ajJAta phala nahIM khAyA thA, vaha baca gayA / tatpazcAt rAjA vaGkacUla apanI rAnI ke caritra ko jAnane ke lie mahala meM chipakara praviSTa huA / use para-puruSa ke sAtha pratyaMka para soI dekhakara jyoM hI vaGkacUla ne talavAra khIcIM, use dUsare niyama kI smRti huI / sAta-ATha kadama pIche haTate hI talavAra daravAje se TakarAI / puruSaveza meM soI bahana puSpacUlA jagI, jise dekhate hI vaGkakUla kA roSa jijJAsA meM badala gayA / eka dUsare avasara para vaGkacUla corI karane kI nIyata se ujz2avinI gayA / vahA~ kI agramahiSI usake saundarya para nyauchAvara ho gayI / usI samaya vaGkacUla ko apanI tRtIya pratijJA kA smaraNa huA / vaGkacUla ke utkRSTa caritra se ujjayinI kA rAjA prabhAvita baGkacUla ko sAmanta- pada pradAna kiyA aura ujjayinI ke nikaTavartI zAligrAma nivAsI zrAvaka jinadAsa ne baGkacUla se maitrI kI / huA / usane tadanantara ujjayinI ke rAjA ne vaGkacUla ko kAmarUpa' vijaya ke 1. ( 1 ) ajJAta phala-bhakSaNa na karanA, (2) sAta-ATha kadama pIche haTe binA kisI para AghAta na karanA, ( 3 ) paTarAnI ko mAtA ke samAna mAnanA tathA ( 4 ) kAka- mAMsa bhakSaNa na karanA / 2. mahAbhArata kAla meM prAgu-jyotiSa ( kAmarUpa ) kA zAsaka ( kirAta

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana ( kramazaH ) [ 71 lie bhejA / yuddhakalA meM advitIya vaGkacUla ne pratipakSI ko jIta to liyA kintu svayaM usakA zarIra ghAva se jarjara ho gayA aura vaha ujjayinI lauTA | vaGkacUla ke cauthe vrata kI parIkSA zeSa thI / upacAra ke lie rAjavaidyoM ne use kAka-mAMsa bhakSaNa kA parAmarza diyA / vaGkacUla ko yaha svIkAra nahIM thA / mitra jinadAsa Adi sabhI ke sAre prayatna viphala hue / dharmArAdhana hI vacala kI auSadhi thI / cU~ki vaGkacUla ne kAkamAMsa bhakSaNa nahIM kiyA, use bArahavA~ svargaM acyuta - kalpa prApta huA / vala kA varNana prabandhakoza ke alAvA jinaprabhakRta vividha - tIrthakalpa ( 1332 I0 ) meM bhI upalabdha hai / viDambanA yaha hai ki prabandhakoza kA 'vaGkacula prabandha', vividhatIrthakalpa ke 'DhipurItIrthakalpa' tathA 'DhipurIstava' nAmaka prabandhoM se akSarazaH uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / " 1935 I0 meM jinavijaya ne kahA thA ki aitihAsika dRSTi se vaGkacUla kI kathA vaisI ajJAta hai, jaisI ratnazrAvaka kI / phira bhI uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para isa prabandha kI aitihAsikatA sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAyagA / sarvaprathama pAreta janapada ke samIkaraNa kA prazna uThatA hai| rAjazekharasUri ke AvAsa pradeza DhillikA ( vartamAna dillI : se pAreta aura kazmIra kAphI dUra the / isalie usane vahA~ ke vaGkacUla nAmaka rAjA aura ratna nAmaka zrAvaka ke itivRtta atyanta sAmAnya prakAra ke hI diye haiM / pAreta janapada sambhavataH pArada hI hai / pArada loga pazcimI bhArata ke nivAsI the, jinhoMne cambalaghATI taka apanA prasAra kara liyA thA / purANoM meM varNita pArA Adhunika vaMzIya ) bhagadatta thA tathA harSavardhana ke samaya meM bhAskara varmana / rAjA baGkacUla ke samaya meM kAmarUpa ke rAjA kA nAma durdhara thA / 1. jinavijaya, prAsta0 vaktavya, prako, pR0 1 / 2. rAmAyaNa ( caturtha, 44. 13 ); mahAbhArata, bhISma 10. 64, sabhA0 52. 3-4 ), purANoM, bhuvanakoza, bRhatsaMhitA, jainagrantha prajJApaNA, boddhagrantha mahAmAyUrI meM AyA hai / de0 manusmRti, 10.44; iNDi0 eNTi0, 22, pR0 187; ja oNpha da yU0 pI0 hisTorikala sosAiTI, 15, bhAga 2, pR0 47 //

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72 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana pArvatI nadI hai jo bhopAla se hotI huI cambala meM gira jAtI hai| isake samIpavartI vanIya pradeza hI pAreta janapada haiM / isI pAreta janapada meM carmaNvatI aura ranti nadI ke ullekha vaGkacula prabandha meM Aye haiN| carmaNvatI Adhunika cambala hai aura yamunA kI sahAyaka nadI hai| vadhya gAyoM ke carma se risate hue rakta se isa nadI kA udbhava huA thaa| rantideva dvArA yajJa meM kAphI saMkhyA meM gAyoM kI bali dI gayI thii| isalie carmaNvatI ko ranti nadI bhI kahA jAne lgaa| rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki dipurI nagarI pAreta janapada kI sImA para isI carmaNvatI nadI ke taTa para sthita thii| usI sthAna ke samIpa carmaNvatI kA jaladurga aura ghane jaMgaloM meM bhIloM kA rAjya thaa| bhIloM ke pallIpati kI mRtyu ke bAda vakacUla ko bhIloM ke pramukha kA dAyitva sauMpA gyaa| Aja bhI cambala ghATI ke bIhar3a aura bhIla AdivAsI vikhyAta haiN| dipurI tIrtha ke lie arbuda parvata se aSTApada AnA par3atA thaa| prabandhakoza se spaSTa hai ki rAjA vaGkacUla hI siMhaguhApallI ke samIpa DhipurI tIrtha kA nirmAtA thaa| jainoM ne mAnava-AvAsoM se dUra pavitra sthAnoM ko cunA kyoMki unake sampradAya kA caritra tApasI-mArga hai aura ve pazuvadha ko bacAnA cAhate haiN| isalie rAjapUtAne meM AbU parvata, kAThiyAvAr3a meM pAlItAnA aura giranAra, mAlavA meM dhumanAra kI pahAr3I aura pUrva meM pArasanAtha pahAr3I kA unhoMne cayana kiyaa| .. ina prAkRtika aura bhaugolika ullekhoM se pratIta hotA hai ki DhipurI tIrtha mAlavA kI dhumanAra-pahAr3I para sthita rahA hogA jahA~ Aja aneka jaina guphAe~ haiM kyoMki bUMdI se koTA jAte samaya bIca meM vArolI, dhumanAra kI pahAr3I, cambala nadI, jhAlarA paTTana, candrAvatI Adi sthAna Ate haiN| dhumanAra pahAr3I kA vyAsa lagabhaga 8 kilomITara aura U~cAI 42.5 mITara hai| Upara samatala maidAna hai, usake 1. kruka, DablyU0 : insAi7 ri0 ai0 ethi0, 1952, jilda dasavIM, pR0 24-25 / 2. jaipai, pR0 205 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH ) [ 73 bagala meM prAkRtika koTa banA hai jisameM lagabhaga 170 guphAe~ haiM / kucha meM mUrtiyA~ haiM aura kucha meM sAdhu nivAsa karate haiM, kintu cambala nadI kI ora jo jaina guphAe~ haiM unameM vRSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / isa prakAra DhipurI eka prAcIna tIrtha hai, jo Aja mAlavA meM cambala ke kinAre dhumanAra ka guphA ke pAsa sambhavataH candrAvatI ke khaNDahara ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / aba samasyA hai rAjA vaGkacUla ke samIkaraNa kI / vaGkacUla ke udAharaNa prAkRta 'vakka vUDakahA' aura gujarAtI kAvyoM meM Ate haiM / bhAratIya itihAsa meM cUr3acandra nAmaka eka rAjA kA ullekha AtA hai jo vAmanasthalI ke candravaMzI bAlArAma cAvar3A kA uttarAdhikArI thA, parantu rakta-sambandhI nahIM thA, kyoMki phoMsa use yaduvaMzI batalAtA hai / ' rUsI zauryamayI paurANika kathA - sAhitya meM vaMka nAmaka eka vidhavA-putra ke viSaya meM jo gIta gAye gae haiM ve eka rAjakumArI kI kathA para AdhArita haiM / kintu dhvanyAtmaka sAmya ke atirikta cUr3acandra yA rUsI vaMka kA vakacUla se tanika bhI sambandha nahIM hai / vastutaH vaGkacUla DhipurI ke rAjakumAra puSpacUla kA vidrUpita nAma thA / bAlyakAla meM puSpacUla apanI zakti kA upayoga racanAtmaka kAryoM meM na karake avAMchanIya kAryoM meM karane lagA / vaha svayaM caurya kArya, anarthaka kArya Adi durvyasanoM meM, rAjya ke nAgarikoM ko uttapta karane meM tathA bar3e Ter3he aura krUra karma karane meM lipta ho gayA thA / ataH usakA nAma vaGka ( vakra ) cUla yA vaMka ( krUra ) cUla par3a gayA / rAjazekhara ne sAtavAhana prabandha aura vikramAditya prabandha ke bIca 1. jirako, pR0 340 / isa kRti ke racayitA aura racanA-kAla ajJAta haiM / de0 jaina gurjara kaviyoM, bhAga 1, pR0 483, pR0 589 / 2. rAmApho, prathama bhAga, pUrvArddha, pR0 18 / 3. rASTroM ne apanI vIra gAthA kAloM kI tathA vikhyAta rASTrIya nAyakoM kI smRti surakSita rakhI hai / bhAratIyoM aura slAva-jAtiyoM dvArA isa prakAra kI gAthAe~ gAyI gayI haiM / de0 maikala, je0 : inasAi0 ri0 ai0 e0, 1955, jilda chaThIM, pR0 664-665 /

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74 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana meM vaGkacUla prabandha ko sthAna diyA hai, isalie vakacUla ke vikramAditya se pahale athavA variSTha samakAlIna hone kI sambhAvanA adhika hai / vaGkacUla prathama zatAbdI I0 pU0 ke pahale kA rAjapuruSa rahA hogA kyoMki eka sthala para use ujjayinI ke vidvAn rAjA kA sAmanta batAyA gayA hai, jo dUsare sthala para use susthitAcArya kA samakAlIna batalAtA hai / yadi vaGkacUla ke samakAlIna rAjAoM aura AcAryoM kA kAlakrama nirdhAraNa kiyA jAya to usake samaya nirdhAraNa meM sugamatA hogI / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sAkSya eka mata haiM ki candragupta maurya 210 yA 255 vIra saM0 ( 317 yA 312 I0 pU0 ) meM huA thA / kintu yaha tithi ujjayinI para candragupta maurya ke zAsana- vistAra kI sUcaka hai, na ki usake pATaliputra meM rAjyArohaNa kii| vaha isa tithi ke cAra-pA~ca varSa pUrva 321 I0 pU0 meM gaddI para baiThA thA aura magadha meM sthiti sudRr3ha karane ke bAda usane ujjayinI para AkramaNa kiyA hogA / isase siddha hotA hai ki candragupta maurya ( 321 - 297 I0 pU0 ) ke samakAlIna susthitAcArya ( nidhana 128 I0 pU0 ) nahIM the balki bhadrabAhu dvitIya the jinake sAtha vaha dakSiNa gayA aura anazana kara zarIra tyAgA hogA | ataH susthitAcArya ko jisa candragupta kA samakAlika batAyA gayA hai vaha maurya sAmrAjya-saMsthApaka candragupta nahIM apitu dazaratha maurya kA bhAI aura uttarAdhikArI samprati ( 216-207 I0 pU0 ) ho sakatA hai / kaI eka itihAsakAra sampratiko mauryavaMza kA dvitIya candragupta aura kaI use jaina azoka taka mAnate haiM / ' samprati ne azoka, kuNAla aura dazaratha tInoM ke zAsana-kAryoM meM sahAyatA kI thI / use pATaliputra aura ujjaina donoM meM zAsana karate I 1. jaipa, pR0 196, pR0 211; mukarjI, Ara0 ke0 : candragupta maurya aiNDa hija TAimsa, dillI, 1952, pR0 39-41 pANDeya, rAjabalI : prAcIna bhArata, pR0 191 / 2. smitha : arlI hisTarI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 202; pANDeya, rAjabalI : prAcIna bhArata, pR0 183, jaipa, pR0 205 vizAla bhArata, pR0 275 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana ( kramazaH ) [ 75 * hue darzAyA gayA hai / " ajamera, kumbhalmera aura giranAra meM usake dvArA nirmita aura mahAvIra ko samarpita mandiroM ke avazeSa Aja bhI pAye jAte haiM / abhilekha aura mudrAe~ bhI ye pramANita karatI haiM ki usakI rujhAna jainadharma kI ora thI / samprati ke eka sikke para eka ora Upara-nIce sampra aura dI zabda likhA hai aura dUsarI ora UparanIce aura cihna hai / kisI-kisI sikke meM ke nIce 5 ( svastika ) cihna bane haiM / ina sikkoM se usake rAjya zAsana para prakAza par3atA hai / sAmAnya rIti se maurya sikkoM meM Upara se nIce, * aura 55 cihna haiM / jaina hamezA prabhu ke sAmane yaha nizAna banAte haiM / " isase bhI isa vicAra ko bala milatA hai ki samprati jaina azoka aura dvitIya candragupta kahalAne kA adhikArI thA jisake samakAlIna susthitAcArya aura vaGkacUla the / isake bAda prazna hai rAjA vimalayaza aura usake putra vaGkacUla ke zAsanAntargata pradeza kI sImA kA / samprati ko pATaliputra aura ujjaina donoM meM zAsana karate hue darzAyA gayA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki ujjayinI usakI dvitIya rAjadhAnI thI / samprati ne jisa adhikArI ko ujjayinI ke samIpa DhipurI nagarI meM niyukta kiyA, vaha vimalayaza thA, jise prastuta prabandha meM ati utsAha ke kAraNa rAjA kaha diyA gayA hai / vimalayaza rAjA bhale hI na rahA ho kintu vaGkacUla prabandhakoza ke anusAra siMhaguhApallI kA pallIpati avazya thA, jisakI sthiti Asa-pAsa ke bIhar3a aura parvatIya ilAkoM meM kisI sthAnIya rAjA se kama na thI / 1. jaipai, pR0 204, bAlI, candrakAnta : patrikA, 2039, pR0 98; pariziSTaparvan, dasavIM, gyArahavAM; rAyacaudharI, prAbhArA iti, pR0 258 / 2. TADa : enalsa aiNDa aiNTi0 oNpha rAja0, grantha 1, pR0 290; rAjapUtAnA gajeTiyara, zimalA, 1880, tRtIya, pR0 52, de0 phobrsa : rAsamAlA, 1856, prathama, pR0 7; progre0 riporTa, e esa DablyU AI, 1909 - 10, pR0 41 / 3. mADarna rivyU, 1934, jUna, pR0 147 /

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prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana yaha pramANita kiyA jA cukA hai ki samprati kI do rAjadhAniyA~ thIM aura usake samakAlIna susthitAcArya the| lekina samprati ko pratibodhita karane kA zreya guru suhastisUri ko hai, na ki susthitAcArya ko| pahalI rAjadhAnI meM guru suhasti ne samprati ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura dUsarI rAjadhAnI ke samIpa ziSya susthita ne vakacUla ko| ___ susthita ke donoM ziSyoM - dharmaRSi aura dharmadatta kI pahacAna RSidatta aura arhaddatta se kI jA sakatI hai jo susthita ke pA~ca pramukha ziSyoM meM se antima do the| vaGkacUla dvArA kAmarUpa-vijaya para praznacihna lagAnA par3atA hai| prabandhakoza meM varNana hai ki vakacUla ko ujjayinI ke rAjA kA sAmanta bana jAne ke bAda kAmarUpa-vijaya ke lie jAnA pdd'aa| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma durdhara kahA gyaa| vakacala yuddha meM ghAva se jarjara ho gayA, phira bhI vaha jItakara apane sthAna lauttaa| kintu DhiMpurI se asama kI atyadhika bhaugolika dUrI aura yAtAyAta ke mandagAmI sAdhanoM ko dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekharasUri ne kAmarUpa-vijaya kI kalpanA jainadharma ke prati ati AsthA ke kAraNa kara lI hogI, kyoMki prabandhakAra eka aise pradeza para jaina dharmAvalambI kI vijaya darzAnA cAhatA thA jo kazmIra kI bhA~ti zakti-pUjA kA kendra ho| ___ anta meM, yadi katipaya atizayoktiyoM evaM camatkArika varNanoM ko tyAga diyA jAya to rAjA vakacala kA prabandha mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika tathya pradAna karatA hai| vakacUla kA itivRtta krUratA ke mAdhyama se udAratA kI aura vairAgya ke mAdhyama se adhyAtma kI parAkASThA hai| isa prabandha meM satsaMgati ke mAhAtmya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / samprati-kAlIna susthitAcArya ke cAra mahInoM ke ApAta-pravAsa se rAjakumAra vaGkacUla kA hRdaya-parivartana nahIM huA, kintu unake dvArA batalAye gaye cAra niyamoM ne usakI krUratA ko samApta kara use udAramanA rAjA avazya banA diyaa| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne prabandhakozAntargata vakacUla ko rAjavarga meM sammilita karane kA aucitya bhI siddha kara diyaa| 1. jaina kahAniyA~, bhAga 24, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 70 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana ( kramazaH ) 17. vikramAditya prabandha vikramAditya avanti kA rAjA thaa| usake putra kA nAma vikramasena thA / itihAsa - lekhana meM rocakatA lAne ke lie rAjazekhara ne vikramAditya ke siMhAsana meM lagI cAroM kASTha putaliyoM ke mAdhyama se itivRtta kA varNana kiyA hai / eka bAra dezAntara jAkara vikramAditya ne eka yogI se parakAyA praveza vidyA sIkhI aura usa vidyA kA bhI parIkSaNa kiyA / [ 77 agnibetAla ke sAtha jAkara vikramAditya lIlAvati se milA jisake rUpa-darzana se rAjA ko prema ho gayA / tatpazcAt betAla ne vikramAditya ko cAra upakathAe~ sunAyIM jo kASTha-bhakSaNa, niyoga, pativratA tathA pati-dharma se sambandhita thIM / vikramAditya kA itivRtta sunakara usake putra vikrama kA garva jAtA rahA hai / vikramAditya ne rAmAyaNa kA adhyayana kiyaa| tatpazcAt usake mana meM garva huA ki vaha bhI rAma kI taraha prajA ko sukhI karegA / eka bAra kisI ratna kI parIkSA karAne ke lie vikramAditya betAla ke sAtha rAjA bali ke pAsa pahu~ce / bali bolA, aise hajAroM ratna rAjA yudhiSThira pratidina supAtroM ko diyA karate the / isa ratna kA koI mUlya nahIM hai / prabandhakoza ke atirikta prabhAvakacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi, purAtana- prabandha saMgraha Adi bhI vikramAditya kI jIvanI aura upalabdhiyoM para prakAza DAlate haiM / yadyapi ye prabandha aitihAsika aura vAstavika puruSa vikramAditya ke haiM tathApi aneka kAlpanika aura camatkRta kathAoM ke atirikta koI gauravapUrNa bAta nahIM jJAta hotI hai / vikrama virud dhAraNa karane vAle aneka rAjA hue haiM, yathA - Adi vikramAditya ( 57 I0 pU0 ), zAtakarNI zAlivAhana, agnimitra, kaniSka, gautamI putra, samudragupta, candragupta dvitIya ( 375-414 I0), skandagupta ( 455-467 I0 ), yazodharma ( 532-33 I0 ), harSa, hemU ( 1556 I0 ) Adi / parantu inameM se koI bhI aisA nahIM thA jo avantipati, zakavijetA aura saMvat pravartaka tInoM eka sAtha rahA ho /

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78 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana Adi vikramAditya mAlavoM kA pratinidhi sAmarika pramANita hotA hai jisane zakoM ko harAkara deza se bAhara nikAla diyaa| bhArata se unakI zakti miTAkara eka paramparA kI nIMva DAlI jise Age Ane vAle vikramAdityoM ne pAlA aura nibAhA / vikramAditya avantipati, zakavijetA aura saMvatsara pravartaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| ve siddhasena divAkara ke upadeza se jaina bane / unhoMne jinAlaya banavAye, jina-bimboM kI sthApanA karAyI, zatruJjaya tIrtha kA uddhAra karAyA aura pRthvI ko RNa mukta kara zakoM ko harAkara saMvat pravartana kiyaa| bhale hI vaha jaina-dharma ke prabhAva meM rahA ho aura use saMrakSaNa pradAna karatA ho, vikramAditya kA vaMzAnugata aura vyaktigata dharma zaiva dharma thaa| 18. nAgArjuna prabandha ___nAgArjuna rAjaputra kSatriya the| unakA janma-sthAna DhaMka nagara thaa| unake pitA vAsuki nAga aura mAtA rAjaputrI bhopala devI thii| phalataH nAga se utpanna putra kA nAma nAgArjuna huaa| use aneka auSadhiyoM .. kA sevana karAyA gayA jisase nAgArjuna ko siddhiyA~ prApta huii| kAlAntara meM vaha sAtavAhana rAjA kA kalA-guru aura pAdaliptAcArya kA ziSya ho gyaa| usake kauzala se camatkRta ho AcArya ne use pAdaliptapura meM gagana-gAminI vidyA sikhalA dii| rAjaputra nAgArjuna ne rasa-siddhi ke nimitta dvAravatI kI pArzva 1. tulanIya prabhAca, pR0 36, jahA~ pitA kA nAma saMgrAma aura mAtA kA nAma suvratA batAyA gayA hai| inake garbha meM Ate hI mAtA ne svapna meM sahasra phaNoM vAlA nAga dekhA thaa| isIlie inakA nAma nAgArjuna rakkhA gyaa| jaipai, pR0 240 / 2. saurASTra meM pAlitANA nAmaka ngr| nAgArjuna ne sUrijI kI smRti meM siddhagiri kI talahaTI meM pAdaliptapura nAmaka nagara basAyA thaa| jaipai, pR0 241 / pAlitANA kA prAcIna nAma tilatilapaTTaNa thA / de0 jaipai, pa0 335 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [79 pratimA kA apaharaNa kara seDI nadI ke kinAre pratiSThApana kiyA / vaha usa pratimA ke samakSa sAtavAhana kI rAnI candralekhA se pratyeka rAtri rasamardana karavAtA thaa| rasa-stambhana se pArzvadeva ke usa sthAna kA nAma stambhanatIrtha tathA gA~va kA nAma stambhanapura pdd'aa| jinavijayajI ne nAgArjuna kI kathA ko aitihAsika dRSTi se sandigdha mAnA hai| "usake koI rAjA yA rAjapuruSa hone kI bAta jJAta nahIM hotii| prabandhagata varNana se to vaha koI yogI athavA siddhapuruSa jJAta hotA hai| to phira granthakAra ( rAjazekharasUri ) ne usakI gaNanA rAjA yA rAjapuruSa ke rUpa meM kisa Azaya se kI hai so ThIka samajha meM nahIM aataa| jinavijaya kI anAsthA zIghra-nirNaya doSa se saMyukta hai| yaha isa bAta se sUcita hotA hai ki ukta sandarbha meM unhoMne nAgArjuna kI mA~ ko rAjaputra raNasiMha kI patnI' kahA hai jo ki yathArthataH putrI thii| prAcIna bhArata meM nAgArjuna nAma ke tIna vyakti hue haiM -(1) zUnyavAda ke pravartaka aura bauddha dArzanika nAgArjuna-jo kuSANa rAjasabhA meM the| ( 2 ) nAgArjunasUri ( vAcaka )- inhoMne 303 I0 meM dakSiNApatha ke jaina muniyoM ko valabhI meM ekatra karake cauthI AgamavAcanA kii| ( 3 ) rAjaputra nAgArjuna ( rasAyanavettA ).-ye kSatriya the jo kAlAntara meM rasa-siddha rasAyanavettA ho gaye the| vastutaH prabandhakozAgata rAjaputra nAgArjuna kA samaya dvitIya zatAbdI I0 se tRtIya zatAbdI I0 ke bIca kA hI hai, kyoMki prabandhagrantha ke Antarika sAkSya isa kAlAvadhi kI puSTi karate haiN| rAjaputra nAgArjuna nissandeha pAdalipta sUri ( dvitIya zatAbdI I0) kA ziSya thaa| ziSya ko tRtIya zatAbdI meM hI rakhanA hogA, kyoMki pAdaliptasUri ko dIrghAyu prApta thii| isake atirikta rAjazekhara kI itihAsalekhana zailI bhI isa mata kA anumodana karatI hai| rAjazekhara ne 1. seDI yA seDhI ko zvetana dI ( madhya bhArata ) kahate haiM jo sAbaramatI se nikalI hai / de0 hijyolaoN, 388 / 2. jinavijaya ( sampA.) : prako, prAstAvika vaktavya, pR0 1 /

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prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana nAgArjuna kA itivRtta pA~caveM aura aTThArahaveM do bhinna-bhinna prabandhoM meM gUMthA hai kyoMki vaha yaha pramANita karanA cAhatA hai ki nAgArjuna pAdalipta kA ziSya hote hue bhI sUri-varga meM sthAna nahIM rakhatA hai apitu usakA varNana rAja-varga meM hI apekSita hai| ataeva itihAsa-lekhana-zailI meM usane yaha navInatA sphurita kI hai ki eka hI vyakti kA itivRtta do bhinna sthaloM para bhI uparyukta rIti se likhA jA sakatA hai aura usameM kAlakramIya ekarUpatA banI raha sakatI hai| 19. vatsarAjokyana prabandha udayana ke pitA kA nAma zatAnIka (dvitIya) aura mAtA kA nAma mRgAvatI thaa| vatsa-janapada ke kauzAmbI nagara meM zatAnIka rAjA thA jisakA putra aura uttarAdhikArI udayana thaa| usakA samakAlIna ujjayinI kA rAjA caNDapradyota thaa| krauJcaharaNa nagara' meM nAgarAja vAsuki' kI divyarUpA yuvAputrI vasudatti rahatI thii| vAsuki ne vatsarAja-vasudatti kA vivAha sampanna karA diyA / aba udayana kauzAmbI meM punaH zAsana karane lgaa| ___ usane kramazaH ujjayinI nareza caNDapradyota kI putrI vAsavadattA se tathA DAhala rAjakumArI padmAvatI se vivAha kiyaa| anta meM, rAjazekhara svIkAra karatA hai ki usakA yaha vRttAnta jainasammata nahIM hai, kyoMki nAga-jAti ke sAtha mAnava kA vivAha honA asambhava hai| usake anusAra yaha vRttAnta nAgamata se uddhRta hai| 1. prako, pR0 86; vitIka ( kroMcadvIpa ) pR0 85; gaur3a lekhamAlA ( prathama, pR0 9 va Age ) meM eka krauJcazvabhra grAma kA ullekha AtA hai| yaha puNDravardhanabhukti ( uttarI baMgAla ) meM sthita thA ( ipi0 iNDi0, caturtha, pR0 243 va Age ); hijyolaoN, pR0 273 / , prako, pR0 14, 48, 86; praci, pR0 119, 120; puprasa, pR0 91; vitIka ( vAsuI/vAsugI) 10 17, 52, 104 / vAsuki nAga kazyapa evaM kadra kI santAna the| ye sarpa tathA mAnavAkRti mizrita rUpa ke the| ATha pramukha sarpa aSTakulI kahalAte haiM -ananta, vAsuki, takSaka, karkoTaka, padma, mahApadma, zaMkha tathA kulika / de0 hisAko, bhAga 2, pR0 274 / 3. padmapurANa ke pAtAlakhaNDa meM.nAgaloka kA varNana hai /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [81 vatsarAja udayana kA varNana jaina, bauddha aura saMskRta tInoM sAhityoM meM AtA hai| jaina-granthoM meM prabandhakoza ke alAvA vividhatIrthakalpa jainasUtroM aura karikaNDucariu meM vatsarAja kA varNana hai / _chaThI zatAbdI I0 pU0 ke uttarArddha meM vatsarAja udayana kA lagabhaga 62 varSoM kA dIrghakAlika zAsana-kAla ( 544 I0 pU0-482 I0 pU0) rhaa| vatsarAja udayana ke pitA zatAnIka ( dvitIya ) kauzAmbI ke prasiddha candravaMzI rAjA the| prabandhakoza meM udayana ko RSabhavaMzIya kahA gayA hai| RSabhadeva svayaM candravaMza meM hI utpanna hae the| isalie udayana kA candravaMzIya honA svAbhAvika hai| purANa aura jaina-grantha bhI udayana ko zatAnIka kA putra batalAte haiM / rAjA zatAnIka parantapa ke bAda usakA putra udayana gaddI para baitthaa| cUMki bhAsa ke nATakoM meM udayana ko vaidehIputra kahA gayA hai, isalie udayana kI mAtA videha rAjakumArI thI jisakA nAma ajJAta hai| kintu kathAsaritsAgara aura jaina-prabandhoM ke anusAra usakI mAtA kA nAma mRgAvatI thaa| adhyayana kAla meM udayana ne gaja-vazIkaraNa vidyA, gAna-vidyA, sarpa-viSa-haraNa vidyA aura yuddha-kalA sIkhI thii| gAna-vidyA meM nipuNatA ke kAraNa vaha 'nAda-samudra' padavI se vibhUSita kalAsakta, dhIra aura lalita nAyaka kahA gayA hai| kintu buddha kI kauzAmbI yAtrA ke pazcAt usI piNDola bhAradvAja ne udayana ko bauddhadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| udayana ke dharma-parivartana ke pazcAt kauzAmbI buddha aura unake anuyAyiyoM kA mahatvapUrNa kArya kSetra bana gyaa| 1. ghoSa : arlI hisTarI oNpha kauzAmbI, pa0 33-34 / / 2. rAyacaudharI, hemacandra : prA0 bhA. rA0 i0, pR0 151; kevala kathA saritsAgara aura bRhatkathA-maJjarI udayana ko zatAnIka kA pautra batalAte haiN| de. jozI, nIlakaNTha : nA0 pra0 patrikA, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 28 3. bhaNDArakara : kAramAikela lekcarsa, 1918, pR0 58-59; prako, pR. 86; vitIka, pR0 23 /

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82] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 20. lakSmaNasena aura mantrI kumAradeva kA prabandha lakSmaNasena, lakSaNAvatI kA rAjA thaa| usake samAna buddhimAna aura parAkramI usakA mantrI kumAradeva thA / lakSmaNasena kA samakAlIna rAjA vArANasI meM jayantacandra tathA usakA mantrI vidyAdhara thA / lakSaNAvatI ke durbhedya durga aura vizAla senA -samUha kI carcA sunakara jayantacandra ne durga-vijaya kI pratijJA kI aura lakSaNAvatI para AkramaNa kara diyA / usane durga ke samIpa zivira lagA diyaa| khAdyAnna Adi vastuoM ke abhAva se saMkaTa utpanna ho gayA / aTThAraha dina bIta gaye / lakSmaNasena ne apane mantrI kumAradeva se kahA ki hama kAzIpati ko kara nahIM deMge - yuddha kreNge| phalataH sabhI sAmantoM aura amAtyoM ko sUcanA dI gayI / para kumAradeva zatru jayantacandra ke bala ko bhA~pa kara saMzaya meM par3a gayA / vaha zatru-zivira meM mantrI vidyAdhara ke pAsa pahu~cA / gupta mantraNA huI jisase lakSmaNasena ko kara ( arthadaNDa ) na denA par3e / ulTe mantrI kumAradeva kI nIti ke phalasvarUpa 26 lAkha svarNa mudrAe~ lakSmaNasena ke rAjakoSa meM A gayIM / lakSmaNasena aura mantrI kumAradeva kA prabandha rAjazekhara ke itihAsalekhana meM eka nayA mor3a hai / isa prabandha meM varNita eka bhI vyakti jaina nahIM hai / isa prakAra sAmpradAyikatA ke saMkrAmaka roga se prabandhakAra mukta ho jAtA hai / yoM to rAjazekhara ne antarrAjyIya sambandhoM para vatsarAja udayana prabandha meM saMketa de diyA thA, parantu isa prabandha meM pahalI bAra antarrAjyIya sambandhoM kA vivaraNa dete hue rAjazekhara ne rAjavaMzIya itivRtta prastuti kA bhI dvAra kholA / gahar3avAla rAjavaMza aura sena vaMza meM anirNayAtmaka yuddha ke bAdala aTThAraha dinoM taka maDarAte rahe / rAjazekhara lakSmaNasena kI prazaMsA karate hue kahatA hai ki vaha bar3A pratApI aura nyAyI rAjA thA jisake pAsa vipula rAjya aura apAra senA thI, para usakI sAhityika upalabdhiyoM ke viSaya meM prabandhakAra 1. lakSaNAvatI ke durbhedya durga-vijaya kA jayantacandra dvArA saMkalpa, rAjyArohaNa ke avasara para kI gaI harSa ( 606 I0 ) ke saMkalpa kA aura

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana ( kramazaH ) [ 83 kA mauna khalatA hai / saMkSepa meM rAjazekhara kA yaha prabandha asAmpradAyika aura rAjavaMzIya itihAsa kI ora eka nayA kadama hai| 21. madanavarsa prabandha caulukya vaMza ke mUlarAja ( 941-96 I0), cAmuNDarAja ( 9971009 I0 ), durlabharAja ( 1009 - 24 I0 ) aura bhIma ( prathama, 1024 - 64 I0 ) ke vaMza meM karNadeva ( 1065-93 I0 ) aura mayaNallAdevI kA putra jayasiMha siddharAja ( 1094 - 1142 I0 ) thA jisakA virud dvAdaza rudra thA / siddharAja mAlavA kI rAjadhAnI dhArA meM 12 varSoM se sasainya rahA / usane mAlavendra naravarmA ( 1094 - 1133 I0 ) ko jIvita pakar3a kara kASTha - piMjar3e meM DAla diyA, kyoMki nIti vacana ke anusAra rAjA avadhya hotA hai / tadanantara usane dakSiNApatha meM mahArASTra, tilaGga, karNATa, pANDya Adi rASTroM ko jItA / paramAra vaMza ke dhUmaketu siddharAja ne eka bhadrapuruSa se mahobaka nagarI ke paramAra madanavarma ( 1129-63 I0 ) kI rAjasabhA kI prazaMsA sunI jise nala, pururavA aura vatsarAja ke samAna guNasampanna batAyA gayA thA / bhadrapuruSa ke varNana kI puSTi karane ke lie siddharAja ne eka mantrI mahobaka bhejaa| lauTakara mantrI ne mahobaka ke vasanta mahotsava kA varNana kiyA / madanavarma ramaNiyoM meM ramaNa karatA huA indra ke samAna batalAyA gayA / aisA sunakara siddharAja vizAla senA sahita mahobaka kI ora bar3hA / madanavarma ne siddharAja ke lie 'kabAr3I' aura 'varAka' jaise apamAnajanaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA aura siddharAja ko sandeza bhijavAyA"yadi nagarI va bhUmi lenA cAhatA hai, to yuddha kareMge / yadi dhana se santuSTa hotA hai to dhana grahaNa kreN|"" siddharAja kI 96 koTi svarNa khAdyAnna Adi vastuoM ke abhAva se utpanna saMkaTa, 19vIM zatAbdI ke nepoliyana mahAn kI mahAdvIpIya nIti kA smaraNa karAte haiM / 1. yadi naH puraM bhuva ca jighRkSasi, tadA yuddhaM kariSyAmaH / athArthena tRpyati tadA'rthaM gRhANeti // prako, pu0 92 /

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84 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana mudrA kI mA~ga pUrI kara dI gyii| phira bhI vaha na lauTA / katipaya pUrvavartI prabandhoM meM rAjazekhara ne digambaroM aura ajainoM kA itivRtta pradAna kara apanI dharmanirapekSatA kA paricaya de diyA hai aura isa prabandha meM rAjanItika itihAsa upalabdha karAkara itihAsa ko eka navIna dizA dI hai / madanavarma prabandha meM rAjazekhara sugaThita rAjavaMzIya itihAsa pradAna karatA hai aura usake prabandha kA svarUpa vizuddha rAjanItika ho jAtA hai / prastuta prabandha meM rAjazekhara ne do ghaTanAoM aura do virodhI vyaktitvoM ke viSama caritroM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| pahalI ghaTanA caulukya - paramAra yuddha tathA dUsarI caulukya-candela saMgharSa hai| rAjazekhara ke anusAra siddharAja ke samaya meM cAlukya - paramAra yuddha 12 varSoM taka calA / yazaH paTaha hAthI se siddharAja ne dhArA durga kI argalA tur3avAkara somanAtha meM lagavAyI, jo rAjazekhara ke samaya meM bhI lagI huI thI / naravarmA paramAra kASTha - piMjar3e meM DAla diyA gyaa| isa ghaTanA kI puSTi anya granthoM evaM abhilekhoM dvArA hotI hai / parantu cAra tathya ubhar3akara sAmane Ate haiM / prathama, rAjazekhara ne merutuGga dvArA prabandhacintAmaNi meM kI gayI galatI ko sudhArA aura siddharAja ke samakAlIna paramAra nareza kA nAma yazovarmA ( 1134 - 42 I0 ) na kahakara sahI-sahI naravarmA ( 1094 - 1133 I0 ) batalAyA / dUsare, jayasiMha sUri, jinamaNDala tathA rAjazekhara yaha kahate haiM ki siddharAja ne naravarmA ko mAra kara usakI khAla se apanI kRpANa kI khola banavAne kI pratijJA kI thI / kintu rAjazekhara ne yaha tathya prakAzita kiyA hai ki nIti vacana ke anusAra rAjA avadhya 1. somezvarakRta kIrtikaumudI, dvitIya, pR0 30-32; surathotmava, 15vA~, 22; dvayAzraya kAvya, 14vA~; vaDanagara prazasti, ipi0, iNDi0, jilda 1, pR0 296, zloka 11; bAlacandrakRta vasanta vilAsa, tRtIya, pR0 21 - 22; rAsamAlA, pR0 111-11 ; dohana abhilekha, iNDi0 eNTi0, jilda 10, pR0 159, zloka | 2. kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita, prathama, 41 kumArapAlaprabandha, 7 prako, pR0 91 pAhinAi, pR0 110 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana ( kramazaH ) [ 85 hotA hai | ataH jayasiMha ne naravarmA kA vadha nahIM kiyaa| tIsare, yuddha ke 12 varSoM taka calate rahane se rAjazekhara kA Azaya yaha thA ki saMgharSa lambA thA | antima tathya yaha hai ki siddharAja kI vijaya ( 1136-37 I0 ke AsapAsa ) nizcayAtmaka rUpa se huI thI kyoMki siddharAja sambhavataH mAlavA ke sAmarika aura Arthika mahatva ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha rahA hogA / dUsarI ghaTanA pahalI kI pariNati hai / caulukya rAjya meM mAlavA ke sammilita kiye jAne ke bAda candela rAjya se saMgharSa honA anivArya thA, kyoMki donoM kI sImAe~ eka dUsare se milatI thiiN| caulukyacandela saMgharSa meM kama se kama 34 varSoM taka zAsana karane vAle siddharAja aura varSoM taka sattArUr3ha madanavarma kA AmanA-sAmanA hotA hai / rAjazekhara ke varNana se yaha nizcita hai ki yaha caulukya-candela saMgharSa anirNAyaka rahA parantu yaha bhI dhvanita hotA hai ki ina donoM rAjavaMzoM meM sandhi ho gayI / eka jaina grantha meM iMgita hai ki usa caulukyarAja ko vahA~ se binA kisI upalabdhi ke madanavarma se sandhi kara lauTa AnA par3A / ' lekina abhilekhoM meM gUMjatA hai ki "kSaNamAtra meM madanavarma ne vaise hI gurjaranareza ko parAsta kara kiyA jaise kRSNa ne kaMsa ko / ina virodhI vivaraNoM meM tAlamela nahIM hai kyoMki rAjazekhara dvArA prastuta madanavarma - siddharAja vArtAlApa se yuddha kI dhvani nahIM nikalatI / yadi siddharAja ne candela nareza para car3hAI kI bhI to 96 karor3a svarNa mudrAoM ke alAvA na to vijaya usake hAtha lagI aura na koI nirNaya / ataH rAjazekhara kA yaha saMketa ki antataH donoM meM sandhi ho gayI, yathArtha ke adhika nikaTa pratIta hotA hai / ' z z anta meM do virodhI caritroM kA mUlyAMkana zeSa raha jAtA hai / yadyapi rAjazekhara ne tIna samakAlikoM siddharAja, naravarmA aura madanavarma kA itivRtta eka sAtha eka hI prabandha meM pradAna kiyA hai tathApi vividha 1. kumArapAla bhUpAlacarita, 1.42 / 2. kAliMjara abhilekha, ja0 e0 so0 baMgAla, ji0 17, pR0 318; candabaradAyI ( iNDi0 eNTi0, jilda 37, pR0 144 ) to yaha ullekha karatA hai ki madanavarma ne siddharAja ko harAyA; pAhinAi, pR0 67 /

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86 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prakAra ke vAdya yantroM, pakSiyoM, udyAna kI ramaNIyatA aura Anando - tsavoM kA varNana karate hue usane do mukhya ghaTanAoM ke atirikta do virodhI vyaktitvoM - madanavarma aura siddharAja - ke viSama caritroM ko bhI ujAgara kiyA hai| eka kAminI premI hai aura dUsarA kAJcana premI / eka antaraMga rAsa rasika hai to dUsarA bahi-bhramaNa karane vAlA zUravIra / 22. ratnabhAvaka prabandha jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai 1935 I0 meM jinavijaya ne kazmIra nivAsI saMghapati ratnazrAvaka kI kathA ko itihAsa ke vicAra se ajJAta kahA thA / ratnazrAvaka prabandha isa tathya kA sAkSI hai ki rAjazekharasUri ne apanI lekhanI usa pradeza ke lie bhI uThAyI jisameM zaiva mata kA prabala pracAra thA / vaGkacUla kI bhA~ti ratnazrAvaka kA bhI kala taka samIkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakA thA / prastuta zodha-prabandha meM sarvaprathama ratnazrAvaka se sambandhita aitihAsika tathya pradAna karane ke bAda nabahulanagara, rAjA navahaMsa, rAnI vijayAdevI kI pahacAna aura navahaMsa ke kAlakrama, ratnazrAvaka va paTTamahAdeva kI pahacAna se sambandhita binduoM ko uThAyA jAyagA / kazmIra meM navahulanagara kA rAjA navahaMsa thA aura usakI rAnI vijayAdevI thI / usI nagara meM nagara zreSThI pUrNacandra ke tIna putra the -- ratna, madana aura pUrNasiMha / ratna kI patnI paumiNi thI aura putra komala thA / ye saba jaina the / neminAtha-nirvANa se ATha hajAra varSa bIta cuke the / usI navahullapattana meM paTTamahAdeva nAmaka atizaya jJAnI rahate the / unake pAsa rAjA, antaHpuravAsI aura ratna, madana, pUrNasiMha, zreSThinI paumiNi aura putra komala gaye / guru ne upadeza diyA aura jinAlaya - darzana va jina sevA ke sAmAnya phala batalAye / zatruJjaya sevA, raivatagiri sevA aura nemi ke darzana, sparza aura vandanA se parama pada kI prApti hotI hai / phalataH ratnazrAvaka ne nemiyAtrA kI pratijJA kI aura patnI ke sAtha saMgha meM jA milA /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [87 vaha saMgha yAtrA ke nimitta claa| mArga meM kAlamUrti ke prakaTa hone se saMgha bhayAtura ho gyaa| rAjaputroM, saMgha-pradhAna, bhAiyoM evaM patnI sabhI kI yuktiyoM kA niSedha kara, ratnazrAvaka ne svayaM apane ko kAlamUrti ke lie utsarga karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| kAlapuruSa ne ratna ko jisa guphA meM pheMka diyA thA usameM kUSmANDI devI ke sAtha sAta kSetrapati' gye| kAlapuruSa ko daNDita karane ke lie jyoM hI guphAdvAra kA patthara haTAyA gayA, tyoM hI vahA~ zaMkara kI eka divya-mUrti pratyakSa huI, jo ratnazrAvaka kI nemi-vandanA vAlI pratijJA kI parIkSA le rahI thii| tadanantara ratnazrAvaka saMgha ke sAtha raivataka parvata para car3hA / neminamana ke bAda jaba ratna ne bimba ko snAna karAyA taba bimba gala gayA / ratna ne upavAsa aura tapasyA kI jisase use eka prastara-bimba prApta huA jise ratna ne pratiSThApita kara diyaa| isake uparAnta ratna anyAnya tIrthoM kI vandanA karake navahullapattana lauTA / ratna dvArA sthApita nemi-bimba Aja bhI vandanIya hai| ___ bArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM kazmIra pradeza meM vaMzAnugata saMgharSa, vidroha, SaDyantra aura raktapAta ho rahe the| uccala tathA sussala ke netRtva meM DAmaroM ne harSa ko trasta karanA zurU kara diyA thaa| sussala kA bhikSAcara Adi ke sAtha gRha-yuddha ( 1112-28 I0 ) calatA rhaa| bhikSAcara ne pRthvIhara ke sAtha kazmIra chor3a diyA aura puSyANanADa grAma ( vartamAna puSiANa, rAjaurI) kI ora bar3hA / 'nADa' zabda kA saMskRta meM rUpa 'nAla' hogA jo kAlAntara meM 'nallaha' ( arthAt talahaTI ) ho gayA hogaa| parantu isa 'nallaha' kA navahullanagara se 1. rAjazekhara ne prako, pR0 96 meM inake nAma ginAye haiM - (1) kAlamegha (de0 praci, pR0 123 va vitIka (kAlameha ) pR0 6, pR0 10), (2) meghanAda, ( 3 ) girividAraNa, (4) kapATa, (5) siMhanAda, (6) khoTika evaM (7) revata / 2. rAjataraMgiNI, 8. 959, pR0 75 / 3. sTAina : kalhaNsa rAja0, bhAga 1, pR0 75 tathA bhAga 2, pR0 75. 76 tti|

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88] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana koI sambandha nahIM hai| prabandhakoza kA navahullanagara kazmIra kA Adhunika nauzaharA hai jo lagabhaga 33deg akSAMza aura 74deg dezAntara para sthita hai| halla yA hallaka utpala (kamala) kA paryAyavAcI hai jisakA artha huA surkha yA adhika lAla / ' kazmIra ke itihAsa meM utpala-vaMza ke bAda Ane vAle lohara-vaMza ko navIna utpala-vaMza ke nAma se jAnA gyaa| utpala aura hallaka paryAyavAcI hai| isalie nabIna utpala-vaMza ke nagara kA Azaya navahallaka nagara huA jo nabahallanagara se jAnA jAtA thaa| isa nagara kA nAma lambA-caur3A thA jo kAlAntara meM saMkSipta hokara navanagara yA naUnagara ho gyaa| naUnagara kA kalhaNa ne do bAra ullekha kiyA hai| isa naUnagara yA navanagara kA nauzahara yA nauzaharA ho jAnA utanA hI svAbhAvika hai jitanA ki saltanata kAla meM devagiri kA daulatAbAda ho jaanaa| aba prazna uThatA hai ki isa navahullanagara ko kisane basAyA ? kalhaNa ne rAjataraMgiNI ke prathama se tRtIya taraGga taka prAyaH 17 nagaroM ke nirmANa kA varNana kiyA hai| nagaroM ke lie pura tathA pattana samAnArthaka zabda haiN| paramparA hiraNyAkSa ko hiraNyapura basAne kA zreya pradAna karatI hai, jo Aja siMghaghATI raNyila meM choTA-sA sthAna zrInagara ko jAne vAlI sar3aka ke samIpa hai| kazmIra meM nagaroM ko basAye jAne kI paramparA kuSANakAla meM spaSTa dIkha par3atI hai| huSkapura ( bArmUlA se 2 mIla = prAyaH 3.5 ki0 mI0 dUra Adhunika uSkara gA~va ) juSkapura aura kaniSkaMpura nAmaka tInoM nagaroM ko kramazaH kuSANa samrAT huviSka, juSka ( vaziSka ) tathA kaniSka (78 I0 ) ne basAyA 1. vahI, bhAga 1, pR0697 Ti0 / sTAina kahatA hai ki naUnagara vitastA ke bAe~ taTa para 33deg akSAMza aura 75deg dezAntara para sthita hai jo vijayezvara aura zrInagara ke mArga meM par3atA hai / 2. "surkha (adhika lAla ) utpala ke do nAma haiM - hallakam, raktasandhyakam ( + raktotpalam ) 11 abhici, a0 4, zloka 230, pR0 283 / 3. sAtavIM taraGga, zlo0 358, pR 297; AThavIM taraGga, zloka 995; pR0 78, sTAina ( bhAga 1, bhUmikA, pR0 35) likhatA hai ki kalhaNa ke bhaugolika varNanoM meM saTIkatA hai|

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [89 thaa| sAtavAhana pulumAvi dvitIya (86-114 I0) ne dakSiNa meM eka nae zahara 'navanagara' kI sthApanA aura 'navanagarasvAmI' kI upAdhi dhAraNa kI thii| dakSiNa ke hoyasala nareza narasiMha prathama ( 1141-73 I0 ) ke cAra mukhya senApatiyoM meM hulla senApati jainadharma kA ananya bhakta thaa| hulla ne zravaNabelagola meM caturvizati jinAlaya kA ( sambhavataH 1159 I0 meM ) nirmANa tathA tIna jaina kendroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| kadAcit hulla senApati ne uttara meM bhI jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura usI ke nAma para kazmIra meM eka nayA nagara 'navanagara' basAyA hogA jo 'navahullanagara' ke nAma se prasiddha huA / ___isI navIna utpala-vaMza ( lohara-vaMza ) navahullanagara ( nauzaharA ) kA rAjA navahaMsa thaa| prabandhakoza meM vaNita isa rAjA. navahaMsa kA samIkaraNa kazmIra ke loharavaMzIya rAjA harSa ( 1089-1101 I0 ) se kiyA jAnA caahiye| rAjazekhara ko sAtavIM zatAbdI ke puSyabhUtivaMzIya kannaujAdhipati harSa ( 606-47 I0 ) ke viSaya meM jJAta rahA hogaa| ataH kazmIra ke isa naye harSa ke lie usane navahaMsa zabda prayukta kiyaa| usake samaya meM navahullanagara ( nauzaharA ) kA nagarazreSThI pUrNacandra thaa| pUrNacandra kA putra ratnazrAvaka rAjA sussala ( 111228 I0 ) kA samakAlIna pratIta hotA hai| kazmIra ke rAjA navahaMsa ( harSa ) kI rAnI vijayAdevI kI pahacAna vicAraNIya hai| kalhaNa ne vartula ( sthAna ) kI rAjakumArI bijjalA kA ullekha kiyA hai jo harSa ( navahaMsa ) ke uttarAdhikArI uccala ( 1101-11 I0) kI rAnI thii| parantu kalhaNa carcA karatA hai ki harSa ke zAsanAnta 1101 I0 meM usake rAjamahala meM Aga lagA dI gayI thii| taba vinAza sannikaTa dekhakara paTarAnI vasantalekhA sahita 1. zAstrI, kailAzacandra : dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma, vArANasI, 1967, pR0 108, pR0 119-120 / 2. yaha navaharSa kA apabhraMza pratIta hotA hai / navaharSa se bigar3akara navahassa aura bAda meM navahassa se vikRta hokara navahaMsa ho sakatA hai / 3. vartula sthAna kA nAma hai| bhartula ke lie de0 vikramAGkadevacarita, aTThaharavA, pada 38 /

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90j prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana satraha rAniyoM ne AtmadAha kara liyA / kadAcit kucha rAniyA~ baca gaIM jinameM se bijjalAdevI eka rahI hoM aura usase harSa ke uttarAdhikArI uccala ne vivAha kiyA ho / uccala kI mRtyu para usakI rAniyA~ apane ko agni meM utsarga kara rahI thIM / cAlAka rAnI jayamatI jIvita rahanA cAhatI thI parantu bhAgya kI satAyI bijjalA usake sAmane A gaI aura citA para car3ha gaI / yahI bijjalAdevI vijayAdevI ho sakatI haiM / prabandhakoza meM eka Azcaryajanaka ullekha hai ki nemi nirvANa ke ATha hajAra varSa bAda kazmIra ke navahullanagara ( nauzaharA ) meM rAjA navahaMsa ( harSa ) huA / yaha kAlakrama kI dRSTi se sahI nahIM hai / prabandhakAra ko kevala yaha kahanA abhISTa thA ki nemi - nirvANa ke hajAroM varSa bAda rAjA navahaMsa huA / neminAtha ( ariSTanemi ) mahAbhArata - kAlIna kRSNa ke cacere bhAI aura yaduvaMzI the / mahAbhArata kAla lagabhaga 1500 I0 pU0 se 1000 I0 pU0 ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai / isalie aitihAsika dRSTi se yahI kAla 22veM tIrthaMGkara nemi kA mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai / vastutaH kazmIra kA rAjA navahaMsa ( harSa ) neminirvANa ke prAyaH 2100 varSa bAda huA thA / isI taraha prabandhakoza meM kUSmANDI devI aura kAlapuruSa ke vivaraNa camatkArika haiM jo sAmAnya jaina zrAvakoM meM jainadharma kA prabhAva darzAne ke liye kie gaye haiM / ratnazrAvaka zreSTha pUrNacandra kA putra aura rAjA sussala ( 111228 I0 ) kA samakAlIna thA / rAjazekhara sUri tathA muhammada tugalaka ke samakAlIna itihAsakAra arabI yAtrI ibnabatUtA ( 1304-78 I0 ) ne ratana nAmaka eka hindU kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo sultAna kI sevA meM thA / yAtrI ne Arthika viSayoM meM isakI buddhi kI prazaMsA kI hai / " 1. rAjataraMgiNI, sAtavIM taraGga, zloka 1579, pR0 390 / 2. vahI, AThavIM taraGgaH zloka 287, pR0 25 / 3. vahI, zlo0 306 tathA 367, pR0 26 tathA pR0 31 / 4. lI, revareNDa saimuela : Trevelsa oNpha ibnabatUtA, landana, 1829; IzvarI prasAda, pR0 275 Ti0; ibnabatUtA kI saMkSita jIvanI ke lie de0 IzvarI prasAda, pR0 287 - 289 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH ) [ 91 deza aura kAla kI dRSTi se ibnabatUtA vAlA 'ratana' prabandhakoza kA ratnazrAvaka nahIM ho sakatA hai / rAjataraMgiNI meM 'ratna' nAmaka do vyaktiyoM ke do sthaloM para ullekha Ate haiM / " eka ratna nAmaka mantrI thA tathA dUsarA 'ratna' nAmaka eka sAmAnya zrAvaka thA / mantrI ratna rAjA utpalApIr3a ( 855-56 I0 ) kA sAndhivigrahika thA / usa samaya bhI usane viSNu mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA jo 'ratnasvAmi' mandira ke nAma se prasiddha huA / ataH kalhaNa dvArA ullikhita mantrI ratna vaiSNava thA / rAjazekhara ne jisa ratnazrAvaka kA varNana kiyA hai vaha mantrI nahIM apitu sussala ( 1112 - 28 I0 ) ke zAsanakAla kA eka sAmAnya zrAvaka thA / ratna jaise vizruta vyaktiyoM ne bhikSAcara ( harSa ke pautra ) kA pakSa liyA / yaha tarka diyA jA sakatA hai ki rAjazekharasUri kA ratnazrAvaka utpalApIr3a kA mantrI ratna thA kyoMki prabandhakAra ne antima prabandha meM jina do zrAvakoM kA varNana kiyA hai, ve bhI mantrI rahe haiM / parantu yaha samIkaraNa ucita nahIM pratIta hotA hai / eka to utpalApIr3a kA mantrI ratna vaiSNava thA aura dUsare usakA varNana caturtha taraMga meM AyA hai jisake tithi krama utane vizvasanIya nahIM haiM jitane aSTama taraMga ke tithi krama / paravartI ghaTanAoM ke varNana meM aitihAsika satya adhika haiM | ataH prabandhakoza kA ratna zrAvaka sussala ( 1112-28 I0 ) kAlIna sAmAnya varga kA zrAvaka thA jisakA varNana kalhaNa AThavIM taraGga meM karatA hai / bahuta sambhava hai ki kazmIra nivAsI yaha ratna zurU meM zaiva rahA ho jo usa pradeza kA bahu- pracalita dharma thA / prabandhakoza ke varNana se jJAta hotA hai ki ratna ko zaMkara pratyakSa hue jinhoMne kAlapuruSa se ratna zrAvaka kI rakSA kara usakA AliMgana kiyA aura taduparAnta use jaina saMgha meM bheja diyA / phalataH vaha prabhAvita huA / kAlAntara meM ratnazrAvaka kI tIrthayAtrA usakI jainadharma meM AsthA kA pratIka bana jAtI hai | 1. rAjataraMgiNI, caturtha taraGga, pada 711, pR0 184 tathA aSTama taraGga, pada 1079, pR0 85 /

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92 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jaina paramparAoM meM paTTamahAdeva na to koI sUri haiM aura na jainAcArya | inakI pahacAna ke lie gujarAta kA itihAsa TaTolanA par3egA / sussala ( 1112-28 I0 ) kA samakAlIna siddharAja ( 1094-1144 I0 ) thA / usake samaya meM sAntU mantrI, muJjAla, pradhAnamantrI dAr3aka' aura usakA putra mahAdeva adhika prasiddha the / dAr3aka ke kahane se siddharAja ne zatruJjaya kI tIrthayAtrA kI thI / dAr3aka kA putra mahAdeva senA kA adhikArI thA / 1147 I0 kI eka jaina prazasti se vidita hotA hai ki vaha kumArapAla ( 1144-74 I0 ) kA eka vizvasta mantrI bana gayA, jise prabandhakoza meM atizaya jJAnI kahA gayA hai / mahAdeva ko paTTamahAdeva isIlie kahA jAtA thA ki 1147 I0 ke pUrva vaha kumArapAla kI senA kA adhikArI thA / paTTayAdhyakSa ke adhIna padika senA rahatI thii| jisa prakAra dAr3aka ne siddharAja ko saMgha yAtrA ke lie abhiprerita kiyA, sambhavataH usI prakAra paTTamahAdeva ne nauzaharA ke zreSThi ratnazrAvaka ko bhI tIrthayAtrA ke lie utsAhita kiyA ho / isa sambhAvanA kI puSTi prabandhakoza ke Antarika sAkSya se hotI hai / prabandhakoza meM ratnazrAvaka ke ullekha granthArambha, 'ratnazrAvaka prabandha' tathA grantha ke antima prabandha 'vastupAla prabandha' nAmaka tIna sthaloM para milate haiM / " rAjazekhara ne likhA hai " tadanantara varddhamAnapura ke samIpa bahujana mAnya zrImAn ratna nAmaka zrAvaka nivAsa karate haiM / unake ghara meM dakSiNAvarta zaGkha kI pUjA hotI hai jisase unake pAsa apAra lakSmI hai / kAlAntara meM ratnazrAvaka ne vaha zaGkha vastupAla kara-kamaloM meM arpita kara diyA / usakA prabhAva ananta hai / " 3 ke -- rAjazekhara ke isa itivRtta se cAra bAteM spaSTa hotI haiM ( 1 ) ratnazrAvaka na kevala sussala ( 1112-28 I0 ) kA apitu vastupAla (janma 12vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha; nidhana : 1239 I0 ) kA bhI samakAlIna thA / 1. jaina pustaka prazasti saMgraha, pR0 101 / 2. prako, pu0 2, pR0 93 97, pR0 114 / 3. vahI, pR0 114, bar3havAna Adhunika surendranagara ( gujarAta ) hai, jahAM merutuGga ne 1305 I0 meM apanI praci pUrNa kI thI /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [ 93 (2) rAjazekhara ne vastupAla prabandhAntargata ratnazrAvaka kA varNana vartamAna kAla ke vAkyoM meM kiyA hai jisase yaha TapakatA hai ki ratnazrAvaka mUlarUpa se kazmIra kA sthAyI nivAsI thA kintu usa samaya vaha varddhamAnapura ke samIpa asthAyI nivAsa kara rahA thaa| (3) jaba ratnazrAvaka kazmIra se gujarAta kI ora tIrthayAtrA ke lie nikalA hogA taba usakI mulAkAta varddhamAnapura meM vastupAla se huI hogii| ( 4 ) sambandhita 137 pairA' kI dasa paMktiyoM meM vastupAla ke nAma ke sAtha 'mantrI' zabda prayukta nahIM huA hai, jisase siddha hotA hai ki dakSiNAvarta zaGkha ke AdAna-pradAna ke samaya vastupAla alpa vaya kA rahA hogA aura mantrI-pada para bhI pratiSThApita nahIM huA hogaa| hA~, ratnazrAvaka avazya vRddha ho calA hogA kyoMki sussala ke zAsanakAla ( 1112-28 I0 ) meM yadi vaha janmA hogA to 1192 I0 taka vaha prAyaH 80 varSa kI vaya pUrNa kara cukA hogA, jisa tithi ko vastupAla bhI apane pitA ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA para nikalA thaa| ataH ratnazrAvaka aura vastupAla kI bheMTa sambhavataH 1192 I0 ke AsapAsa huI hogI jaba ratna vRddha aura vastupAla yuvaka rahe hoNge| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ke ratnazrAvaka evaM sambandhita prabandha kI aitihAsikatA asandigdha hai| 23. Amar3a prabandha Abhar3a aNahillapura ke zrImAlavaMzIya zreSThi nRpanAga aura zreSThinI sundarI kA putra thaa| jaba Abhar3a dasa varSa kA thA usake mAtApitA kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| phira bhI vyavasAyajJa Abhar3a unnati karatA gyaa| vivAha karane ke bAda jIvikA ke lie eka maNikAra ke yahA~ pA~ca loSTika para pratidina kAma karane lgaa| eka bAra siddharAja ( 1094-1142 I0 ) ke hAtha eka ratna becakara vaha dhanavAn vyavahArI ( vyApArI ) ho gyaa| kumArapAla ke samaya ( 1143-72 I0 ) meM usakI mahAn vRddhi 1. prako, pR0 114 /

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94 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana huI / vaha tIna prakAra kI bahiyA~ rakhatA thaa| Abhar3a ne kumArapAla ko batalAyA ki rAjakoSa do prakAra ke hote haiM-sthAvara aura jaMgama / jaba kumArapAla aura hemacandra vRddha ho gae taba hemasUri ke gaccha meM do mata ho gae - (1) rAmacandra, guNacandra Adi samUha (2) bAlacandra kA samUha / bAlacandra ke sAtha kumArapAla ke bhatIje ajayapAla kI maitrI thii| uttarAdhikArI banAne ke lie kumArapAla ne hemacandra aura Abhar3a se mantraNA kii| hemacandra kA vicAra thA ki nAtI pratApamalla ko rAjA banAyA jAya, kyoMki bhatIje ajayapAla ko rAjapada para AsIna karane se dharma kA kSaya hogaa| Abhar3a kA mata thA ki AtmIya vyakti hI upakArI hotA hai| mantraNA ko bAlacandra ne chipakara suna liyaa| usane ajayapAla se kaha diyaa| hemacandra ke svarga sidhArane ke 32veM dina ajayapAla ne kumArapAla ko viSa dekara mAra ddaalaa| ajayapAla ( 1173-76 I0 ) ne rAjya meM nRzaMsatA kI / rAmacandra Adi ko tapta-lauha-yAtanA dekara mAra ddaalaa| vihAra naSTa kiye| jaina sAdhuoM ke sAmane mRgayA ke abhyAsa, caitya-paripATI ke upahAsa Adi se ajayapAla brAhmaNoM ke bhI citta se utara gyaa| usake bAda dvitIya bhImadeva ke zAsana ( 1178-1241 I0 ) meM Abhar3a usI prakAra Rddhi prApta karatA rhaa| Abhar3a kI mRtyu ke bAda usake putra usakI nidhiyA~ na pA sake aura ve cAroM punaH sAmAnya vaNika ho gye| zreSThI Abhar3a kA varNana prabandhakoza ke alAvA prabandhacintAmaNi, purAtana-prabandha-saMgraha aura kumArapAla-caritra saMgraha meM bhI milatA hai / prabandhakozAgata do prabandhoM hemasari prabandha aura Abhar3a prabandha meM Abhar3a aura usase sambandhita rAjAoM ke itivRtta prApta hote haiM / zreSThi Abhar3a aura Ambar3a ko samakAlIna hone ke nAte eka hI samajhane kI bhUla kI jAtI hai| ye donoM bhinna-bhinna vyakti the, eka zreSThi va sAmAnya zrAvaka aura dUsarA mantrI va senApati / Abhar3a zrAvaka 1. (1) rokar3a bahI, ( 2 ) vilamba bahI aura ( 3 ) paraloka bhii|

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [ 95 nRpanAMga zreSThi kA putra thA aura Ambar3a udayana mantrI kA / rAjazekharasUri ke varNanoM se pramANita hotA hai ki jaina zrAvaka Abhar3a ( zreSThi ) siddharAja, kumArapAla, ajayapAla, ajayapAla ke uttarAdhikArI (bAla mUlarAja ) aura bhImadeva (dvitIya ) kA samakAlIna thaa| ___ Abhar3a zreSThi ke rAjanItika prabhAva kA pariNAma yaha huA ki kumArapAla usase mahattvapUrNa samasyAoM para vicAra-vimarza karatA thaa| prabandhacintAmaNi aura kumArapAla-carita meM ullekha hai ki kumArapAla ne apane uttarAdhikAra kI samasyA para kevala hemacandra se parAmarza liyaa| kumArapAla-prabandha meM bhI yahI itivRtta duharAye gaye haiN|' eka muslima grantha meM bhI ajayapAla dvArA viSa dene ke kukRtya kA ullekha ajayapAla ke pazcAt usakA putra aura uttarAdhikArI (dvitIya) mUlarAja ( 1176-78 I0) caulukya nareza huA jo alpavayaska thA aura jise loga sneha se bAla-mUlarAja pukArate the| usakI saMrakSikA mAtA nAiki devI thii| bAla mUlarAja ne turuSkoM ko gADarAraghaTTa ke yuddha meM nirNayAtmaka zikasta dI thii| rAjazekhara isa mahattvapUrNa vijaya para mauna kaise raha gayA, samajha meM nahIM aataa| ___ isa prakAra rAjazekharasUri ne Abhar3a prabandha ke mAdhyama se eka ora Arthika vyavasthA para prakAza DAlA hai to dUsarI ora siddharAja, kumArapAla, ajayapAla, ajayapAla ke uttarAdhikArI aura bhImadeva (dvitIya) ke rAjanItika itivRtta pradAna kiye haiN| siddharAja aura kumArapAla jaise pratibhAzAlI rAjAoM ke bAda ajayapAla jaise mUrkha uttarAdhikArI hone para pratyAgamana kA siddhAnta ( Law of Regression ) lAgU hotA hai / sambhavataH rAjazekhara ne ise siddha kara diyaa| 24. zrIvastupAla prabandha vastupAla aura tejapAla pattana-nivAsI aura prAgvAT-vaMza ke 1. jinamaNDanagaNikRta kumArapAla prabandha, pR0 113 / 2. abula phajla : Aina-e-akabarI, dvitIya, pR0 263 / 3. de0 praci0, pR0 97; pracidvi, pR0 119 /

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96 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana Thakkura caNDa ke vaMzaja the| inake pitA kA nAma AsarAja aura mAtA kA kumAradevI thaa| ye cAra bhAI the| mAladeva va lUNiga alpAyu meM divaMgata ho gaye / vastupAla kI patnI lalitA devI thI aura tejapAla kI anupamA / gujarAta meM cApotkaTa-vaMza (750-956 I0 ) ke bAda cAlukyoM ne ( 961-1241 I0) zAsana kiyaa| isa samaya ( lagabhaga 1243I0) dhavakkala meM pitA-putra lavaNa prasAda aura dhavala the jinhoMne mantridvaya ke guNoM kA bakhAna sunakara unheM mantripada para niyukta kiyaa| isake bAda vIradhavala ne vAmanasthalI ke yuddha meM sAle sAGgaNa aura cAmuNDarAja ko parAjita kiyaa| vIradhavala ko bhadrezvara nadI ke taTavartI dvArapAla bhImasiMha se lar3anA pdd'aa| tIna dinoM taka paJcagrAma kA yuddha hotA rahA jisameM vIradhavala kA zarIra saikar3oM ghAvoM se jarjara ho gyaa| bhImasiMha ne mantriyoM ke parAmarza para bandI vIradhavala ke sAtha ucita vyavahAra kara sandhi kara lii| mahItaTa pradeza vAle godhirA nagara' ke ghUghula nAmaka avajJAkArI maNDalIka ne vIradhavala ko apamAnita karane ke liye eka sAr3I aura kajjala kI DibiyA bhejii| tejapAla ne senA ke sAtha yojanAbaddha tarIke se prayANa kiyaa| eka bhAga vahIM sthita kiyA, dUsare kA svayaM netRtva kiyA aura tIsare meM sainika gatizIlatA guptarUpa se kriyAnvita kii| godhirA meM bhagadar3a maca gyii| tejapAla aura ghUghula ke dvandva-yuddha meM ghUghula parAsta huaa| bandI ghUghula ko usakI sAr3I aura kajjala kI DibiyA pratyarpita kara dI gii| lajjA ke vazIbhUta ghUghula kA duHkhada anta huaa| 1. de0 prako pR0 107; puprasa pR0 69; kharatara ( godhA ) pR0 87 Adhu nika godharA (paMca mahAla ) bar3audA se lagabhaga 60 ki0mI0 uttarapUrva meM hai| isa nagara kA prAcIna nAma godhirA yA godhrA thA jo gujarAta ke mahItaTa pradeza meM sthita thA aura jahA~ vIradhavala kA sAmanta ghUghula thaa| de0 rAmApho tRtIya khaNDa, pR0 127, pR0 135, pR0 158; cAgu, pR0 151, pR0 156; phAhinAijaiso, pR0 305 /

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[ 97 aba tejapAla kA yuddha vaDUA velAkUla ke svAmI zaMkha se huA / zaMkha - mAhecaka dvandva-yuddha meM zaMkha girA diyA gayA / aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH ) - varddhamAnapura ke ratnazrAvaka ne eka dakSiNAvarta zaMkha vastupAla ko arpita kiyA / vastupAla ne zatruJjaya kI yAtrA tathA RSabha, vimala aura nemi kI vandanA kI / raivataka para bhI zatruJjaya kI bhA~ti darzana kiye gaye / eka bAra dillI ke mojadIna kI senA gujarAta meM praviSTa ho gaI / vastupAla ne maNDalIka dhArAvarSa ke pAsa senA bhejI aura Adeza diyA ki AbU parvata ke bIca se AtI huI senA ko rokanA mata, apitu usa ghATI ko hI ghera lenA / aisA hI huA / phalataH yavana loga mAre gaye / sAdhu pUnar3a ne zatruJjaya kI yAtrA 1216 I0 meM bamberapura se tathA 1229 I0 meM nAgapura se Arambha kI thI / vastupAla aura pUnar3a saMsaMgha zatruJjaya aura raivataka Adi tIrthaM gaye / eka bAra mojadIna sultAna kI vRddhA mAtA haja yAtrA ke lie utsuka stambhapura AyI / vastupAla ne nijI kolikoM ko bhejakara usake jalayAna meM rakhI vastuoM ko lUTa liyA / tadanantara mantrI ne isa durghaTanA kI anabhijJatA kA svAMga racA, vRddhA ko ghara le Aye aura usakA satkAra kiyA / vIradhavala kI anumati se vastupAla vRddhA ko pahu~cAne dillI - taTa taka gaye / sultAna ne svarNa pradAna kara mantrI kA svAgata kiyA aura mantrI ne use upahAra diyaa| bAtacIta ke daurAna vastupAla aura mojadIna sultAna ke bIca AjIvana sandhi kA prastAva rakhA gayA thA jo donoM ko mAnya ho gayA / tatpazcAt vastupAla ne lokahita sAdhaka kArya kiye / tejapAla ne arbuda zikhara para mandira nirmANakA kArya zurU kiyA / 700 sUtradhAroM kA pramukha zobhanadeva thA aura Udala ko adhIkSaka niyukta kiyA gayA / jaba zobhanadeva ne nirmANa kArya meM vilamba ke kAraNa batalAye taba anupamA devI ne zIghratA ke vividha upAyoM ko sujhAyA / vastupAla dvArA pUchane para yazovIra ne caitya- vAstu ke guNadoSa batalAye / vastupAla ne una sAtoM vAstudoSoM meM saMzodhana karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura vaha dhavalakka lauTa Aye /

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98 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana vIradhavala ke do putra the - vIrama aura viisl| rANaka ne vIrama ko dUrastha vIramagrAma meM niyukta kara diyA kyoMki vIsala unako priya thaa| jaba vIradhavala divaMgata hue taba vastupAla ne vIsala ko rANakapada rAjyApita kara diyaa| vastupAla ne vIrama kA vadha karA ddaalaa| isake bAda vIsaladeva niSkaNTaka rAjya karane lgaa| eka bAra vIsaladeva donoM mantriyoM ko tuccha samajhane lgaa| rANaka ne unheM upapradhAna banAkara unake divya-koSa kA apaharaNa kara liyaa| para kAlAntara meM vIsaladeva ne vastupAla kI jo upekSA kI thI, use sudhaaraa| ___ tatpazcAt vikramAditya se 1298 varSa vyatIta ( 1241 I0 ) ho jAne para vastupAla jvara se pIr3ita ho gaye aura unakA zarIra zAnta ho gyaa| isake bAda vastupAla kI patnI lalitAdevI 1308 vikrama varSa ( 1251 I0 ) meM tejapAla, jayantasiMha aura anupamA bhI kramazaH cala bsiiN| ___'gurumukha zrRMta' vastupAla aura tejapAla donoM ne hI adhika saMkhyA meM dharmasthAna-nirmANa kraayaa| una donoM mantriyoM dvArA karAye gaye nirmANoM, jIrNoddhAra, dhana-vyaya, pUjana, tIrthayAtrAoM Adi ke itivRtta uttara meM kedAra parvata se lekara dakSiNa meM zrIparvata taka aura pazcima meM prabhAsa se lekara pUrva meM vArANasI taka sunAyI par3ate haiN| vastupAla-prabandha meM ullikhita bamberapura kI pahacAna bamberA yA bhambherA pradeza meM prAcIna nagara bhambhurA se kI jA sakatI hai jo karA~cI pAkistAna meM par3atA thaa| prabandhakoza kI pI prati meM ise bimberapura bhI kahA gayA hai| usa gA~va meM kaiDavA kaNabI logoM kI bastI jyAdA thii| Aja yaha lagabhaga 200-250 gharoM kI bastI kA gA~va hai| caulukyoM aura bAgheloM ke samaya meM yahA~ para adhika bastI rahI hogii| Aja yahA~ cAra ziva mandira, do mUrtiyA~ vIra kI aura eka hanumAnajI kI bhI haiM, jo bhagna ho rahI haiN| prabhAsa tIrtha kAThiyAvAr3a ke dakSiNa samudrataTa para avasthita hai| ise prabhAsa-pATana yA somanAtha-pATana kahate haiN| nahapAna (119-24 1. rAmApho, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 12. Ti0 8 / 2. prako, pR0 118 Ti0 3 / .

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [ 99 I0 ) ke samaya ke nAsika guphA-abhilekha meM isakA varNana AtA hai| isa tIrtha-sthAna kI arjuna aura balarAma ne yAtrA kI thii| ___ kathavate ne vastupAla ke jIvana aura kAryoM kA saMkSipta rekhAcitra kIrtikaumudI meM aura byUlara ne sukRtasaMkIrtana ke vizleSaNAtmaka nibandha meM prastuta kiyA hai| hAla hI meM katipaya vidvAnoM ne ina mantridvaya para kArya kiye haiN| _prabandhacintAmaNi, anya purAtana prabandhoM evaM gujarAtI rAsoM meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki vastupAla-tejapAla kI mAtA kumAra devI kA AzarAja ke sAtha punarvivAha huA thA / kintu rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza ( 1349 I0 ) meM tathA jinaharSagaNi ne vastupAlacarita ( 1447 I0 ) meM isakA AbhAsa bhI nahIM diyA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ke samaya meM punarvivAha sAmAjika dRSTi se heya samajhA jAne lagA thaa| lavaNa prasAda aura vIradhavala ke aneka saMgharSoM se pradarzita hotA hai ki unakA saMgharSa adhikatara bhIma (dvitIya ) ke par3osI sAmantoM se hI huA / dabhoI prazasti ( 1254 I0 ) se vidita hotA hai ki var3avana ke samIpa zatru se lavaNa prasAda kA saMgharSa huaa| vastupAla aura zaMkha ( saMgrAma siMha ) ke bIca bhayaMkara yuddha huA thA 1. bhAgavatapurANa, dasavA~ 45. 38, 78. 18, 79. 9-21, 86. 2; __ gyArahavA~ 6.35, 30.6, 30. 10 / / 2. de0 somezvarakRta kIrtikaumudI, bambaI saMskRta granthamAlA, saM0 25, 1883 I0 tathA arisiMha viracita sukRtasaMkIrtana, iNDi0 eNTI0, bhAga 31, 1889 I0, pR0 477 va Age / 3 de0 bhogIlAla ja0 sANDesarA, mavasA, 1959; zAstrI, nemicandra : bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina vAGmaya kA avadAna, dvitIya khaNDa, vArANasI, 1983, pR0 121-193 tathA zAstrI, kailAzacandra : jaisAbR iti, pR0 439 / 4. jaisAbRiti, bhAga 6, pR0 417 / 5. ipi0 iNDi0, prathama, pR0 26, pada 13 /

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100 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jisameM zaMkha kI hAra huI thii| vasantavilAsa, hammIramadamardana aura prabandhacintAmaNi dvArA rAjazekhara ke isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| ___ bhImasiMha aura paJcagrAma ke zAsakoM ke sAtha yuddha kA samarthana bhI jayasiMha sUri kRta hammIramadamardana se hotA hai| rAjazekhara bhIma dvitIya ke zAsana kI kucha aisI ghaTanAoM kA varNana karatA hai jinheM kisI bhI itihAsakAra ne varNita nahIM kiyA hai| tatkAlIna grantha kIrtikomudI meM eka godrahaHnAtha kA varNana AtA hai jisane vIradhavala ke viruddha vidroha kiyA thaa| isakA samIkaraNa ghughula se kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki prabandhakoza sUcita karatA hai ki ghUghula mahItaTa meM godhrA kA zAsaka thaa| _prabandhakozAgata pahale mojadIna kA samIkaraNa iltutamiza ( 121035 I0 ) se ho sakatA hai| usakA pUrA nAma thA 'sultAna muajjamasamazuda-duniyA vauddIna abula mujaphUphara iltutamiza' / vaha rAjazekhara kA prathama mojadIna ho sakatA hai| rAjazekhara ke dUsare mojadIna kI pahacAna vRddhA mAtA kI haja yAtrA ke samaya iltutamiza ke putra aura rajiyA ( 1236-40 I0 ) ke uttarAdhikArI muijjuddIna baharAmazAha ( 1240-42 I0 ) se kI jA sakatI hai jo vastupAla kA samakAlIna bhI thA aura usa samaya taka vIradhavala kA nidhana ( 1237 I0 ) bhI ho cukA thaa| isI samaya 'bahAdura taira ke netRtva meM maMgola hindustAna meM A dhamake' / ' ataH isa muijjuddIna baharAma ke do varSoM ke alpakAlIna aura aprasiddha zAsana meM gujarAta abhiyAna kI sambhAvanA kama pratIta hotI hai| vastupAla aura tejapAla ke loka-hita-sAdhaka kAryoM evaM sukRtyoM kI sUcI uparyukta prazastiyoM ke alAvA udayaprabhUsUriracita prazasti1. gAosI, caturtha sarga, pada 24; saptama sarga, 5; dazama sarga 1.5; praci, pR0 102 / 2. gAosI, dasavAM, aMka prathama, pR0 7, aMka dvitIya, pR0 11 / 3. sarga paMcama, pAMcavAM 257 / 4. IzvarI prasAda : bhAratIya madhyayuga kA itihAsa, ilAhAbAda, 1955 pR0 169 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [ 101 lekha', jayasiMhasUri kRta vastupAla-tejapAla prazasti aura arisiMha viracita sukRtakIrtikallolinI meM bhI Abaddha hai| rAjazekhara ne grantha ke pariziSTa meM likhA hai ki isa samaya gujarAta ke prasiddha dAnI vastupAla ne vArANasI meM vizvanAtha-pUjana ke nimitta eka lAkha dravya bhejaa| vIrama kI hatyA ke bAda vIsaladeva ne nAgar3a ko pradhAnamantrI banAkara vastupAla-tejapAla kI laghuzrIkaraNa vibhAga para padAvanati kara dii| rAjazekhara kA yaha varNana siddha karatA hai ki vIsaladeva apane mantriyoM ke prati akRtajJa ho gayA thaa| eka anya avasara para rANaka ne siMha mAmA kA pakSa liyaa| somezvara sacita karatA hai ki usane apane mitra vastupAla ko do avasaroM para - dhana-apaharaNa ke samaya aura siMha mAmA kI ghaTanA ke samaya - bacAyA thA / parantu samakAlIna grantha vasantavilAsa meM isa taraha kA koI varNana nahIM hai| kevala prabandhakoza meM hI yaha ullekha hai ki vIsaladeva ne donoM bhAiyoM kI mantritva-zakti ko kama kiyA thaa| rAjazekhara kA yaha kathana ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki prabandhacintAmaNi 1238 I0 meM vastupAla dvArA hI vIsaladeva ko rAjasiMhAsana dene kI bAta kahatI hai aura purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha tejapAla ko "rAjasthApanAcArya" ghoSita karatA hai| kama se kama yaha to nizcita hai ki vastupAla ke bAda tejapAla binA vyatikrama ke mahAmAtya-pada para 1246 I0 taka rahA / parantu rAjazekhara kA yaha kathana ki vastupAla ko nAgar3a ke pakSa meM nilambita ( jinheM kAlAntara meM punaH-sthApita ) kara 1. mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha meM pR. 303-330 meM prakAzita muni puNyavijaya ke lekha 'puNyazloka mahAmAtya vastupAlanA aprasiddha zilAlekha tathA prazastilekha' meM prazastilekhAMka saM0 2 / jirako, pR0 443, pR0 345; yaha gAosI saM0 10, bar3audA, 1920 meM hammIramadamardana nATaka ke pariziSTa meM prakAzita hai| 3. 'vArANasyAM devavizvanAthapUjArtha prahitadravya la0 1 / ' prako, pariziSTa 1, pR0 132 / 4. kathavateH kItikaumudI, bIsavA~; baoNmbe gajeTiyara, prathama, eka; 202 / 5. praci, pR0 104; puprasa, pR0 67 /

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102 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana diyA gayA thA, samIcIna nahIM pratIta hotA hai| isa sambandha meM jinaharSagaNi kA mata ki tejapAla ke bAda nAgar3a haA, yaha satya ke adhika samIpa pratIta hotA hai| nAgar3a kA prathama abhilekhIya ullekha eka pANDulipi kI grantha-prazasti ( 1253 I0 ) meM hotA hai jisameM use mahAmAtya zrI nAgar3a paJcakula kahA gayA hai| kintu dUsarI pANDulipi ( 1256 I0 ) meM mahAmAtya nAgar3a ko prabhutAsampanna batAyA gayA hai|' isase spaSTa hai ki nAgar3a ne vastupAla-tejapAla ke divaMgata hone ke uparAnta zakti prApta kiyA thaa| e0 ke0 majumadAra ne rAjazekhara ko nikRSTatama itivRttakAra kahA hai aura vastupAla-tejapAla prabandha ke kaI doSa darzAye haiM : (1) rAjazekhara ko vAgheloM ke prArambhika itihAsa kA kama jJAna thA aura vaha arNorAja ko bhImadvitIya kA uttarAdhikArI banA detA hai| (2) vaha somezvara ke vicAroM kA anukaraNa karatA hai| (3) vaha tribhavanapAla ko pUrNatayA vismRta kara jAtA hai| ( 4 ) dillI ke suratrANa mojadIna kI senA ko vastupAla ne jo zikasta dI, vaha sandehAspada hai| rAjazekhara vastupAla kA yaza-varNana satya ko dA~va para lagA kara karatA hai| majumadAra mahodaya udAharaNa dete hue kahate haiM ki merutuGga ne eka zloka tejapAla ke mukha se kahalavAyA hai jise rAjazekhara uddhRta karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki vIradhavala ke nidhana ke uparAnta vastupAla ne usa zloka ko pddh'aa| "AyAnti yAnti ca pare RtavaH krmenn:'""|" 1. pATana-bhaNDAra kI pANDulipiyoM kA kaiTalaoNga, 218, pR0 33, saM0 40 / porabandara abhilekha ( 1258 I0 ) tathA kAdi dAna-patra ( 1260 I0) meM bhI nAgar3a ke ullekha haiM / de0 iNDi0 eNTI0, SaSTha, 212 / 2. cAgu, pR0 171-172 tathA usI meM pUrvavaNita pR0 157-158, apara vaNita, pR0 462 Ti0 120 / 3. prako (pR0 125 pada 327 ) meM yaha pada praci (pR0 104 pada 232) se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai aura jo puprasa (pR0 66 pada 198 ) meM bhI prApta hai / Rtue~ kama se AtI haiM aura usI krama se calI jAtI haiM kintu -

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana ( kramazaH) [103 jahA~taka arNorAja kA savAla hai rAjazekhara ne apane samUce grantha meM usakA kevala eka bAra ullekha kiyA hai / rAjazekhara sahI hai ki vaha arNorAja caulukyavaMzIya thA na ki cAhamAnavaMzIya / rAjazekhara ne arNorAja ko kisI kA uttarAdhikArI na kahA hai aura na banAyA hai / prabandhakoza meM mUla se yaha spaSTa hai - " tadanu mUlarAja-cAmuNDarAjavallabharAja-durlabharAja bhIma - karNa-jayasiMhadeva kumArapAla -ajayapAlalaghubhIma arNorAjaH colukyaiH sanAthIkRtaH / "" - ' sanAthIkRtaH' kA tAtparya kisI bhI sUrata meM uttarAdhikRta nahIM ho sakatA hai| ' sanAthIkRtaH' kA artha huA ki ina caulukyoM ne ( gurjaradharA ko ) surakSA pradAna kI / ataH rAjazekhara kI kAlakramIya saTIkatA kI prazaMsA karanI cAhiye / jisa tAratamya se usane ina caulukyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha kAlakrama kI dRSTi se sahI hai / majumadAra ne dUsarI bhUla yaha kI hai ki ve arNorAja ke nidhana ko bhIma (dvitIya) ke zAsanArambha meM rakhate haiM / parantu prabandhacintAmaNi ke yahA~ (krama kA parityAga karake ) do RtuoM kA eka sAtha Agamana huA hai / vIradhavala vIra ke binA logoM ke donoM netroM meM varSA aura hRdaya meM grISma Rtu ( viparIta krama se ) A gayI / isa pada kA pracidvi ( pR0 129 pada 232 ) meM hindI anuvAda hajArI prasAda dvivedI utanA sundara nahIM kara sake haiM jitanA unake pUrva TaoNnI ne praciTA meM kiyA hai / TaoNnI ne aMgrejI anuvAda isa prakAra kiyA hai Other seasons come and go in succession, But these two seasons have become perpetual. Now that men are deprived of the hero Viradhavala, The rainy season in their two eyes, and in Their heart the hot season of anguish. kintu ukta aMgrejI anuvAda meM bhI TaoNnI kI pakar3a meM 'viparIta krama' kI bAta nahIM A sakI hai, jo prabandhakAroM ko abhISTa thI / ---- 1. prako, pR0 101 / 2. abhici, 96 Ti0 7, pR0 364 di0 11; saha ApTe, pR0 570 va pR0 581 /

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104 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana anusAra arNorAja ne kumArapAla se bhIma ( dvitIya ) taka caulukyoM ke sAmanta ke rUpa meM zAsana kiyaa| majumadAra ke mata ke viparIta samakAlika vasantavilAsa meM ullekha hai ki arNorAja ne rAjA ke pakSa meM rahate hue rAjya kI rakSA kii| ataH arNorAja ko caulukya kahanA aura usake dvArA gujarAta kI surakSA karane ke kathana kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| majumadAra kA yaha kathana ki rAjazekhara ko vAgheloM ke prArambhika itihAsa kA kama jJAna thA bhrAntipUrNa hai| rAjazekhara kI itihAsapriyatA aura tathyoM ke prati ImAnadArI kA pramANa usakA yaha kathana hai --- "aisA prabandhacintAmaNi se jJAta hotA hai| cavita-carvaNa karane se kyA lAbha ? katipaya navIna prabandhoM ko prakAzita karatA huuN|" ___ majumadAra ne prabandhakoza se uddharaNa diyA hai- "arNorAja ke bAda pahale lavaNa prasAda aura bAda meM vIradhavala rAje hue|" kintu mUla meM likhA hai___ "samprati yuvAM pitA-putrI lavaNaprasAda-vIradhavalau staH / " arthAt isa samaya donoM pitA-putra, lavaNa prasAda aura vIradhavala the| yadi ise pUrvokta vAkya ke tAratamya meM par3hA jAya to artha nikalegA ki samprati lavaNa prasAda aura vIradhavala ( gurjaradharA ko ) surakSA pradAna karane vAle the| majumadAra sAhaba kA tIsarA Aropa hai ki rAjazekhara tribhuvanapAla ko pUrNatayA vismRta kara jAtA hai| kintu yadi mUla ko par3hA jAya to yaha Aropa anargala pratIta hogaa| pUrva-uddhRta mUla paMkti meM caulukyoM meM rAjazekhara ne kevala tribhuvanapAla kA nahIM pratyut bAlamUlarAja kA bhI nAma nahIM diyA hai| mUlarAja dvitIya ( 1176-78 I0) kA bhI rAjazekhara ne ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| rAjazekhara unakA nAma ginAnA 1. 'digantAvanimaNDalIkAH""rarakSa tAmakSatavRttamarNorAjazculukyo dhvalAMga___ jnmaa|' vasantavilAsa, sarga tRtIya, pada 37-38 / 2. prako, pR0 47 / 3. vahI, pR0 101 /

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aitihAsika tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana (kramazaH) [ 105 cAhatA thA jinhoMne gurjaradharA ko surakSita rkhaa| tribhuvana pAla ne cAlukya rAjya khoyA aura svayaM aprasiddha rahA / vaha dharma aura sAhitya kA poSaka bhI nahIM thaa| __ cauthe Aropa ke sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha prathama mojadIna suratrANa iltutamiza ho sakatA hai| jisane 1234 I0 meM bhilasA jItA, ujjaina ko lUTA aura mahAkAla mandira kI tor3aphor3a kI / sambhavataH usane gujarAta para AkramaNa ke lie koI choTI Tukar3I bhejI ho jisakA vastupAla ne saphalatApUrvaka mukAbalA kiyaa| rAjazekhara ne yaha nahIM kahA hai ki ukta zloka kI racanA vastupAla ne kii| usakA kahanA hai ki vIradhavala ke nidhana ke bAda vastupAla ne ukta zloka ko par3hA / prabandhacintAmaNi aura prabandhakoza meM zloka eka hI hai aura nidhana ke bAda par3hA jAtA hai| antara itanA hI hai ki prabandhacintAmaNi meM tejapAla ke mukha se zloka kahalavAyA gayA hai, aura prabandhakoza meM vastupAla se / yaha bahuta bar3A doSa nahIM hai| isa prakAra vastupAla-prabandha kA sUkSma vivecana karane para rAjazekhara para lage AropoM kA prakSAlana ho jAtA hai tathA prabandhakoza ke aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-darzana kA dvAra khula jAtA hai|

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adhyAya - 6 rAjazekhara kA itihAsa- darzana : srota evaM sAkSya prabandhakoza ke aitihAsika tathyoM evaM unake mUlyAMkana ke Aloka meM rAjazekhara ke itihAsa - darzana para prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai / sarvaprathama hama itihAsa, itivRtta aura itihAsa-darzana ke artha kI vivecanA kareMge | " ' iti + h + Asa' ina tIna pRthak zabdoM kA saMzliSTa rUpa hai 'itihAsa' jisakA artha hotA hai 'nizcita rUpa se aisA huaa| isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra, atIta ke jina vRttoM ke astitva ko hama pUrNa vizvAsa ke sAtha pramANita kara sake unheM itihAsa kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra atIta ke samAja ko manuSya ke lie subodha banAnA aura vartamAna samAja para usakI pakar3a ko aura majabUta karanA, itihAsa kA duharA kartavya hai / isIlie Adhunika itihAsakAra itihAsa ko vartamAna aura atIta ke bIca eka ananta vArtAlApa mAnatA hai / parantu itihAsakAra kA kArya na to atIta se pyAra hai aura na atIta se svayaM ko mukta rakhanA hai, apitu atIta ko eka aisI kuJjI banAnA aura hRdayaMgama karanA hai jisase vartamAna samajha meM A jAya / atIta ke pariprekSya meM vartamAna ko jAnane kA Azaya yaha bhI hai ki vartamAna ke pariprekSya meM atIta ko bhI jAnA jAya / kintu itihAsa aura itivRtta meM samakAlikatA aura vizvasanIyatA 1. mizra, girijAzaMkara prasAda : prAcIna bhAratIya iti0 darzana tathA iti0 lekhana, itihAsa svarUpa evaM siddhAnta ( sampA0 ) pANDe, govindacandra, jayapura, 1973, pR0 46; isI vyAkhyA kA galata uddharaNa de0 caube, jhArakhaNDe : itihAsa - darzana, vArANasI, 1948, pR0 2 / 2. kAra, I0 eca0 : itihAsa kyA hai, dillI, 1979, pR0 21 / 3. kozAmbI, DI0 DI0 : da kalcara aiNDa sivilAijezana oNpha ainziyeMTa iNDiyA, landana, 1965, pR0 10 va pR0 24 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya [ 107 kI dRSTiyoM se antara hai / itivRtta tathyoM yA ghaTanAoM kI zRMkhalA kI punargaNanA karate hue bhI itihAsa kI apekSA adhika samasAmayika hote haiM, parantu itivRtta itihAsa-lekhana ke lie mahattvapUrNa hote hue bhI itihAsa kI tulanA meM kama vizvasanIya hote haiM / udAharaNArtha, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa-lekhana meM bANa ke harSacarita tathA kalhaNakRta rAjataraGgigI ko viziSTa aitihAsika svarUpa ke kAraNa itivRtta ke antargata rakhanA caahie| kintu merutuGga kI prabandhacintAmaNi tathA rAjazekhara kA prabandhakoza itivRtta se bar3hakara itihAsa ke grantha haiN| itihAsa-darzana' kA artha hai itihAsa ke tatvoM kA jJAna / jaba aitihAsika jJAna meM dArzanika tatvoM arthAt srota, sAkSya, paramparA, kAraNatva, kAlakrama Adi kA samAveza ho jAtA hai taba hama itihAsadarzana kA svarUpa dekhate haiN| rAjazekharasUri ne aitihAsika-jJAna meM dArzanika tatva-jJAna kA samAveza kiyA hai| usane apane eka anya grantha meM kahA hai ki "jaina-dharma ke anuyAyiyoM meM mukhya do bheda haiM -- zvetAmbara aura digambara / kriyAkANDa aura AcAra-vyavahAra-viSayaka matabhedoM ko eka ora rakhane para, ina donoM paramparAoM kA dhArmika evaM dArzanika sAhitya prAyaH pUrNataH samAna hai|' 2 yaha kathana rAjazekhara ke aitihAsika vizleSaNa kA eka namUnA hai| 1. mizra, gi0 pra0, pUrvanidiSTa, pR0 60 / 2. bhAratIya 'darzana' ke lie aMgrejI zabda 'philaoNsafI' ( vidyAnurAga ) upayukta nahIM hai / jo padArtha-tattva kA jJAna karAye vaha darzana hai| dRzyate anena iti darzanam-arthAt jisake dvArA dekhA jAya vaha darzana hai / de0 upAdhyAya, baladeva : bhAratIya darzana, vArANasI, 1971, pR0 3 / 'zeSaM zvetAmbaraistulyamAcAre daivate gurau| zvetAmbarapraNItAni tarkazAstrANi manvate / / syAdvAdavidyAvidyotAt prAyaH sA dharmikA amI // rAjazekharasUri : SaDdarzanasamuccaya, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA ( 17); vArANasI, zloka saM0 27 va 28; nyAya vijaya Adi; jaina-darzana, zrIhemacandrAcArya, jaina sabhA, uttara gujarAta, 1968, pR0 7 meM bhI uddhRt|

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108 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana eka dRSTi se vAlteyara ( 1694-1778 I0 ) pAzcAtya itihAsadarzana kA janaka mAnA jAtA hai, aura hIgela ( 1770-1831 I0) / itihAsavAda kA pravartaka / parantu rAjazekhara ne ina itihAsakAroM se zatAbdiyoM pUrva itihAsa kA vizleSaNAtmaka evaM vaijJAnika varNana karake apane itihAsa-darzana kA eka DhA~cA avazya khar3A kara liyA thaa| vizleSaNAtmaka itihAsa-darzana kA abhiprAya atIta kA AlocanAtmaka tathA sArAMzayukta prastutIkaraNa hotA hai / rAjazekhara ne apane itihAsa meM AcAryoM, kaviyoM, rAjAoM yA zrAvakoM kA prabhAva samAja ke vikAsa meM usI kAla aura usI sImA taka parimita kiyA jahA~, jisa kAla taka aura jisa sImA taka samAja ne use aGgIkAra kiyaa| itihAsa ke daSTikoNa para bhI rAjazekhara sAmagrI ko pUrva aura para ke krama meM bA~dhakara ghaTanAoM aura unakI zRGkhalA ke kAraNoM aura unake pariNAmoM ko sAmane rakhate hue tathyoM kA udghATana karatA hai| isa prakAra itihAsa meM vaha vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa kA prayoga karatA hai| isa paramparA meM itihAsakAra rAjazekhara svayaM ghaTanAoM ke bIca meM nahIM A jAtA, unako vaha apanI suvidhA athavA ruci se nahIM rakhatA aura na hI unake prati pUrvAgraha ke vazIbhUta ho unake rUpa badalane kI vaha ceSTA karatA hai| rAjazekhara prabandhakoza ke prArambha meM vandanA karane ke uparAnta atyanta vinIta zabdoM meM guru kA paricaya detA hai tathA prabandha aura carita meM antara batalAne ke uparAnta isa prabandhakoza kI yojanA para vizad prakAza DAlatA hai| prabandhakAra kA abhiprAya atIta sambandhI navIna tathyoM ko prakAza meM lAnA tathA jJAna kI sImA ko vistRta karanA hai| eka zodhakartA kI bhA~ti rAjazekhara kA uddezya navIna tathyoM kI prastuti, upalabdha tathyoM kI nayI vyAkhyA aura tathyoM kA siddhAntataH nirUpaNa hai| tathyoM ke isI saiddhAntika nirUpaNa ke samaya rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana udabhUta hotA hai| rAjazekhara ne apane prabandhakoza kA praNayana adhikAMzataH gadya meM kiyA hai| kAvya kI apekSA gadya, itihAsa ke adhika samIpa hotA hai| ataH gadya meM itihAsalekhana usake itihAsa-darzana kA mahatvapUrNa pakSa hai|

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya [ 109 pUrva madhyayugIna bhArata ke sabhI aitihAsika granthoM ko Adhunika itihAsa-darzana ke caukhaTa meM susthita karanA samIcIna nahIM hai / kintu rAjazekhara ke prabandhakoza kA adhyayana isa rIti se kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki vaha itihAsa ko sAhitya kI paridhi se bAhara nikAla sakane meM saphala rhaa| rAjazekhara ne apane jJAna ko tIna kSetroM meM vibhAjita kiyA thA, yathA- (1) sAhitya, (2) itihAsa aura (3) darzana jinameM kalpanA, smRti aura buddhi kA kramazaH santulita upayoga kiyA gayA thaa| parantu usane itihAsa ko smRti ke alAvA paramparAoM, anuzrutiyoM aura cakSudarziyoM para bhI AdhArita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne itihAsa ko sAhitya se pRthak kiyA aura use eka svatantra zAstra kA darjA pradAna kiyaa| rAjazekhara ne 'vRtyA', 'prAguktaM vRtta', 'aitihya', 'prAcIna vRtta', 'satyavArtA' tathA 'pUrvavRtta' zabdoM ke prayoga itihAsa ke liye kiye haiN|' jo itihAsa nahIM hai unake liye 'kathA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, jaise udayana-prabandha ke anta meM rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki yaha kathA jaina-sammata nahIM hai| isa prabandhakAra ne itihAsakAra ke liye 'purAvidA sthavireNa' zabda prayukta kiyA hai| vastupAla prabandha meM to rAjazekhara 'itihAsazAstrIya' zabda taka prayukta karatA hai| jisase yaha siddha hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ke lie itihAsa eka svatantra zAstra thA / . usane vaha vRttAnta jaisA ghaTA thA vaisA hI nivedita kiyaa| jina vRttAntoM yA ghaTanAoM ke kAla ke bAre meM rAjazekhara pUrNataH sunizcita nahIM rahatA thA, unake liye 'bahukAlo gataH' kahakara kAma calA letA thaa| rAjazekhara ne itihAsa se sambandhita apanI avadhAraNA ko vastupAla-prabandha meM mUrtarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| vastupAla-prabandha ke prArambha 1. 'na nAmnA no vRtyA"..' prako, pR0 19; 'ityuktvA tasya prAguktaM vRttaM sakalamAvedayat', vahI, pR0 69; 'tAvaddevyAH prAcInaM vRttamAkarNya', vahI, pR0 77, pR0 78, pR0 96; 'ekadA vRddhebhyaH zrutamaitihyam', vahI, pR0 121 / 2. 'iyaM ca kathA jainAnAM na sammatA""', vahI pR0 88 / 3. vahI, pR0 76, pR0 113 /

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110 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana meM vaha kahatA hai ki yahA~ para mantridvaya ke 'kIrtanoM' kI gaNanA kI jAyagI / yahA~ para 'kIrtana' zabda kA prayoga itivRtta ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai / 'kIrtana' kA eka artha hotA hai mandira aura dUsarA artha hotA hai itivRtta prastuta karanA yA vRttAnta kahanA / svayaM rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza ke anta meM 'kIrttanAni' zabda ke bAda 'zrUyante' prayoga kiyA hai jisase rAjazekhara kI yaha bhAvanA prakaTa hotI hai ki vaha itivRtta sunAnA cAhatA thA / isa prakAra rAjazekharasUri ne itihAsa kI eka suspaSTa avadhAraNA banA lI thii| usane itihAsa - lekhana ko eka pRthak zAstra mAnate hue apanA itihAsa darzana srotoM, sAkSyoM, paramparAoM, kAraNatva evaM kAlakrama para AdhArita kiyA / usane sthAna-sthAna para srota-granthoM kA yatheSTa upayoga kiyA hai aura unameM se aneka ke uddharaNa bhI diye haiM / phira usane prabandhakoza ko tithiyoM evaM kAlakrama se jaisA gumphita kara diyA hai usase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ko itihAsa kI saccI pakar3a thI kyoMki usane jainAcAryoM athavA caulukya rAjAoM ke varNana kramAnusAra kiye haiM / isI kAraNa usane tithi krama kI bhI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI kyoMki tithi isa krama ko banAye rakhane ke atirikta ghaTanA ko kAla se bA~dhakara usakI paristhitiyoM ko samajhane meM bhI sahAyaka hotI hai / isa prakAra bhAratIya itihAsa-lekhana ke sambandha meM albIrUnI dvArA lagAye gaye tikta AropoM kA saTIka pratyuttara rAjazekharasUri ne prabandhakoza kI racanA karake diyA / isa adhyAya meM itihAsa darzana ke pramukha tattvoM ke AdhAra para prabandhakoza ke srotoM aura sAkSyoM kA tathA agale adhyAya meM kAraNatva, paramparA, kAlakrama Adi kA vivecana kiyA jAyagA / 1. " kIrtanasaMkhyA tayobrUmaH ", vahI, pR0 101 / 2. albIrUnI ( sacaU : 2.10 ) kA Aropa hai ki "hindU loga ghaTanAoM ke aitihAsika krama kI ora adhika dhyAna nahIM dete / ve rAjAoM ke kAlakramIya vaMza -krama dene meM atyanta asAvadhAnI se kAma lete haiM aura jaba kabhI sUcanA dene ke liye una para dabAva DAlA jAtA hai to kiMkartavyavimUr3ha hokara kathAe~ kahanA Arambha kara dete haiM / "

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa darzana : srota evaM sAkSya [ 111 srota itihAsa - lekhana meM smRti aura srota Avazyaka upakaraNa haiM / ye srota itihAsakAra ke lie pavitra hote haiM / use unameM parivartana, saMzodhana, parivarddhana yA khaNDana nahIM karanA cAhie / srota galpa bhI ho sakate haiM aura dUSita bhI / itihAsakAra AlocanAtmaka va racanAtmaka tarIkoM se apane srotoM se pare bhI jA sakatA hai / " rAjazekhara apane srotoM ke viSaya meM sajaga hai aura kahatA hai ki usane gurumukha se sune hue caubIsa prabandhoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai / " prabandhakoza kI racanA ( 1349 I0 ) ke pUrva gadya-padya meM racita prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza meM aneka grantha vidyamAna the / rAjazekhara ne una granthoM meM se apanI ruci ke anukUla viSayoM kA cayana karake sarala saMskRta meM apanA gadya-pradhAna grantha racA / upalabdha srotoM kI adhikatA se itihAsa-lekhana meM vyavadhAna utpanna ho sakatA hai / kintu rAjazekhara ne cayana-praNAlI dvArA isa bAdhApara vijaya prApta kI thI / jisa prakAra vaidika-darzana va itihAsa meM vedoM ko atyanta prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai usI prakAra jaina itihAsa aura darzana meM Agama granthoM ko pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai / jainoM meM kisI racanA kI granthoM kI zreNI meM gaNanA tabhI hotI hai jaba vaha Agama granthoM kA anusaraNa kare / ataH rAjazekhara kA prAthamika srota Agama-jJAna rahA jo usane cirakAla se calI A rahI paramparA dvArA grahaNa kiyA hogA / haribhadra ke grantha, jaina laukika sAhitya, jainacarita va prabandha evaM brAhmaNa mahAkAvya va purANa bhI usake srota rahe hoNge| ina srota -granthoM kA usane apane prabandhakoza meM sthAna-sthAna para ullekha kiyA hai / 1. kaoNliMgauDa, Ara0 jI0 : da AiDiyA oNpha hisTarI, landana, 1961, pR0 235 va pR0 240 / 2. " idAnI vayaM gurumukhazrutAnAM vistIrNAnAM rasAyAnAM catuvizate prabandhAnAM saGgraha kurvANAH sma / " prako, pR0 1 3. omana, sara cArlsa : oNna da rAiTiGga oNpha hisTarI, landana, 1939, prastAva0, pR0 SaSTha /

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112 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana rAjazekhara ke srotoM ke sambandha meM, uparyukta granthoM ke alAvA kucha kA pRthak varNana karanA Avazyaka hai| udayaprabhasUrikRta dharmAbhyudaya ( saMghapaticaritra) (1220-30 I0) meM 15 sarga haiM aura 5200 zloka pramANa haiN| isa kathA-kAvya meM mahAmAtya vastupAla kI saMghayAtrA kA prasaMga banAkara dharma ke abhyudaya kA sUcana karane vAlI aneka dhArmika kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ne vastupAlatejapAla prabandha kI racanA karate samaya 'dharmAbhyudaya' kAvya se sAmagrI avazya grahaNa kI hogii| jaina-prabandhoM meM jinabhadrakRta prabandhAvali, prabhAcandrakRta prabhAvakacarita, merutuGgaviracita prabandhacintAmaNi aura jinaprabhasUrikRta vividha tIrthakalpa tathA hemacandra ke granthoM se prabandhakoza meM sAmagrI lI gayI hai| usane kucha jaina-prabandhoM meM se to akSarazaH uddhata bhI kiyA hai, anya jaina-prabandhoM ke prAkRta prabandhoM ko saMskRta meM anadita kiyA hai aura kucha kA gadyIkaraNa taka kiyA hai / rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-darzana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha katipaya jainetara granthoM ko bhI apanA srota banAtA hai| usane brAhmaNa mahAkAvyoM meM rAmAyaNa va mahAbhArata se bhI viSaya-vastu grahaNa kI aura zAntiparva kA to vaha nAmollekha bhI karatA hai| usane rAmAyaNa kI ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM kA varNana kiyA hai| sAtha hI sAtha usane 'mahAjanoM yena gataH sa panthA' vAlI paMkti ko mahAbhArata se uddhata bhI kiyA hai / rAjazekhara kahatA hai, 'dUsarI kathA meM zAntiparva meM zrIdvaipAyanokta bhISma-yudhiSThira upadeza prApta hotA hai| dvaipAyanokta battIsa adhikAroM meM itihAsazAstrIya dRSTi se aTThAIsavA~ adhikAra hai mAMsaparihAra / zivapurANa meM isakA varNana bIca-bIca meM AyA hai|" 1. jirako, pR0 195; siMghI jaina granthamAlA, granyAMka 4, municatura. vijaya jI aura puNyavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita, bambaI, 1949 / 2. de0 prako, pR0 113 tathA pUrvavaNita adhyAya 2, pR0 51 / 3. prako, pR066, zloka 194 / / 4. "kathAntare zAntiparvANi zrIdvaipAyanoktabhISma-yudhiSThiropadezadvArA yAtaM dvaipAyanoktadvAtriMzadadhikAramayetihAsazAstrIyASTAviMzAdhikArasthaM zivapurANamadhyagataM ca mAMsaparihAra...", prako, pR0 113 / .

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya [113 rAjazekhara ke ukta kathana meM itihAsa-darzana kI dRSTi se pA~ca mahattvapUrNa bAte haiM / eka to usane jainetara mahAkAvya kA ullekha karake pUrvAgraha-vimukhatA kA paricaya diyaa| dUsare, mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM bhISma-yudhiSThira-saMvAda ke mahattva ko A~kate hue mahAbhArata ke dvaipAyana ( vyAsa ) kA nAma batalAyA hai| tIsare, mAMsa-parihAra kA saTIka sandarbha pradAna kiyA hai, jo zAntiparva ke 32 adhikAroM meM 28 vA~ adhikAra hai| cauthe, rAjazekhara ne sambandhita viSaya meM mahAbhArata aura zivapurANa jaise srotoM kA tulanAtmaka sandarbha dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| antataH hameM rAjazekhara kI itihAsazAstrIya dRSTi kA bodha bhI hotA hai kyoMki usane 'itihAsazAstrIya' zabda bhI prayukta kiyA hai| prabandhakoza ke kama se kama tIna sthAnoM meM zrImadbhagavadgItA kI jhalaka milatI hai| bappabhaTTisUriprabandha meM rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki jIrNamaya zarIra chor3akara manuSya navIna zarIra punaH prApta karate haiM / vastupAla prabandha meM kahA gayA hai ki raNasthala meM vijaya para lakSmI prApta hotI hai aura marane para svrg| ataH isa vidhvaMsanI zarIra kI cintA raNasthala meM maraNa ke lie nahIM karanI caahie| rAjazekhara ne usI prabandha meM yaha bhI gItA se grahaNa kiyA hai ki yuddha meM jaya ho athavA mRtyu ho, rAjAoM kA kisI prakAra kA tiraskAra nahIM hotaa| ataH rAjazekhara ne zivapurANa, skandapurANa ke prabhAsakhaNDa, vAk 1. prako, pR0 45 / tulanIya - vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRhNAti naro parANi / tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehI / gItA, 2.22 / 2. prako, pR0 127 / tulanA kIjiye - hato vA prApsyasi svarga jitvA vA bhokSyase mahIm / tasmAduttiSTha kaunteya ! yuddhAya kRtanizcayaH / / gItA, 2.37 / 3. prako, pR0 105 / tulanA kIjiye - sukhaduHkhe same kRtvA lAbhAlAbhau jayAjayo / tato yuddhAya yujyasva naivaM pApamavApsyasi / / gItA, 2.38 /

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114 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana patikRta gaur3avaho tathA mahAmahavijaya, zrIharSa viracita khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya tathA naiSadha, gAthApaJcakam, zrIdhara racita nyAyakandalI, vAtsyAyanazAstra, vArAhasaMhitA Adi mahattvapUrNa ajaina granthoM ko bhI apane itihAsa kA sAdhana banAyA hogaa| rAjazekhara apane srotoM ke prati itanA ImAnadAra thA ki usane prabandhacintAmaNi kA to nAmollekha kiyA hI hai sAtha hI sAtha naiSadha mahAkAvya ke 11veM sarga ke 64veM pada ko sasandarbha uddhRta kiyA hai aura kAvya kI sarga tathA pada saMkhyA bhI dI hai| isa prakAra mahattvapUrNa aMzoM ko uddhRta karane kI paramparA itihAsazAstra aura itihAsalekhana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAnI cAhie kyoMki yaha viracita grantha kI prAmANikatA asandigdha siddha karatI hai| kyA eriyana aura sTraiboM ne megasthanIz2a kI 'iNDikA' ko uddhRta nahIM kiyA hai ? isI uddharaNa-paramparA ke phalasvarUpa hI 'iNDikA' jIvita hai| ataH rAjazekhara isa uddharaNa-paramparA kA anugamana karake eka ora pUrva-granthoM ko jIvita rakhe hue haiM aura dUsarI ora prabandhakoza kI vizvasanIyatA ko dviguNita karate haiN| isake alAvA rAjazekhara ne apane guru tilakasUri se zruta-paramparA ko aura apane vidvadguru jinaprabhasUri ke adhIna 'nyAyakandalI' granthaadhyayana evaM upasampadA-grahaNa ko mahattvapUrNa sAdhana banAyA hogaa| ataH yaha sahI hai ki rAjazekhara ne apane prabandhakoza kI racanA meM kucha to prAcIna carita-granthoM evaM prabandha-granthoM kI sahAyatA lI aura kucha paramparA se calI A rahI maukhika bAtoM kA sahArA liyA / rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki usake sadguru zrI tilakasUri ne samasta kalAoM ko usake sAmane nirvighna udghATita kiyA kyoMki zruti-sAgara se pAra lagAne vAle karmaThaguru ke samIpa usa ziSya ne vinayapUrvaka evaM vidhivat adhyayana kiyA thaa| isa taraha usane donoM prakAra ke srotoM 1. vaktuH prAyeNa caritaH prabandhezca kAyam / vahI, pR0 1 / 2. "sUrimeM sadguruH zrItilaka itikalAH sphorayatvastavighnaH'' iha kila ziSyeNa vinItaninayena zrutajaladhipAraGgamasya kriyAparasya guroH samIpe vidhinA sarvamadhyetaNyam / " vahI, pR0 1 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya [ 115 kI paraspara tulanA kI hai / rAjazekhara ko apane srotoM meM kahIM-kahIM bhinna bhAva mAlUma huA hai / isa bhinna bhAva ke nirAkaraNa kA usake pAsa na to koI sAdhana thA aura na usako usake nirAkaraNa kI koI AvazyakatA hI thI / usane kevala itanA hI kahanA paryApta samajhA ki vidvAn jaina ise saMgata nahIM mAnate haiM / ' rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM kucha aitihAsika tathya jainoM se asaMgata hote hue bhI usake dvArA saMkalita aura susampradAya dvArA prApta hue haiM kyoMki usakI dRSTi meM ve tathya ucita the / vatsarAja udayana kI 'yaha kathA jainoM ko sammata nahIM hai kyoMki isameM jo devajAtIya nAgakanyA ke sAtha manuSya kA vivAha sambandha honA batalAyA gayA hai, vaha asambhava hai / kevala sabhA meM kahane lAyaka vinodAtmaka hone se hamane 'nAgamata' (purANa) se isa kathA ko uddhRta kiyA hai / ' isa prakAra rAjazekhara apane srotoM ke prati ImAnadAra thA / uparyukta adhyayana meM rAjazekhara kA itihAsa - darzana anusyUta hai / usake srotoM kI vyApakatA isase siddha hotI hai ki usane saMskRta aura prAkRta granthoM ko, Agama aura laukika sAhitya ko, guruoM ko, lekha aura paramparAoM ko tathA jaina aura jainetara sAdhanoM ko apanA srota mAnane meM tanika bhI hicakicAhaTa nahIM mahasUsa kii| yahA~ taka ki usane vijJaptipatra, yamala - patra aura grahaNa - prastAva ke bhI ullekha kiye haiM / ataH jisa taraha aura jisa bhAvanA se rAjazekhara ne apane srotoM kA upayoga kiyA hai, usase vaha itihAsakAra kahalAne kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai / sAkSya rAjazekhara ke itihAsa - darzana meM srotoM kA adhyayana kara lene ke bAda sAkSyoM kA adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hai / sAkSya kisI ghaTanA kA prAmANika jJAna pradAna karate haiM / itihAsakAra ke lie sAkSyoM kA 1. " yannAsaGgatavAgajano jaina / " prako, pu0 74 / 2. " iyaM ca kathA jainAnAM na sammatA, devajAtIyairnAgaiH saha mAnavAnAM vivAhAsambhavataH / vinodisa bhArhati nAgamatAduddhRtyAtroktA / " vahI, pR0 88 / 1

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116 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana mahattva utanA hI hai jitanA kisI guptacara ( DiTekTiva ) athavA kisI adhivaktA ke lie hai, jinako apane tathyoM ko sthApita karane ke lie sAkSyoM ko ekatra karanA par3atA hai| adhivaktA apane sAkSya ke lie jIvita vyaktiyoM ko prastuta karatA hai jabaki itihAsakAra granthoM kA pramANa prastuta karatA hai| ataH itihAsa meM kisI vyakti ke kAryoM athavA kisI ghaTanA ke ghaTita hone ke sambandha meM jo pramANa prastuta kiye jAte haiM, unheM sAkSya kahate haiN| rAjazekhara ke sAkSyoM ko do prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) prabandhakoza meM sAkSya aura (2) prabandhakoza ke sAkSya / 'prabandhakoza meM sAkSya' ve pramANa haiM jinheM rAjazekhara ne anya granthoM se apane grantha meM diye haiM / 'prabandhakoza ke sAkSya' usake ve uddharaNa yA aMza haiM jinheM anya granthakAroM ne apane-apane granthoM meM prayukta kiye haiN| ataeva pahale prakAra ke sAkSya prabandhakoza ke pUrvavartI granthoM se sambandhita haiM tathA dUsare prakAra ke sAkSya prabandhakoza ke paravartI granthoM se / prabandhakoza ke dUsare prakAra ke sAkSya ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama mAnyatA pradAna karane vAle granthoM meM kumArapAlacaritra' kA nAma AtA hai| apanI pUrvavartI kRtiyoM kA upayoga karane meM abhyasta jinamaNDana ne apane mahattva ke grantha kumArapAlacaritra meM prabandhakoza kA sarvaprathama prayoga kiyA hai, yadyapi jinamaNDana ne rAjazekhara kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai| ataH kumArapAlacaritra meM prabandhakoza ke sAkSya pAye jAte hemacandra ke bAlya-jIvana ke sambandha meM kumArapAlacaritra ke racayitA ne to prabandhakoza ke tatsambandhI vRttAnta' ko khUba sajAkara 1. de0 jinamaNDanakRta kumArapAlacaritra, pR0 25 jisameM prako, pR0 47 ke pairA 55-56 ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| ise kumArapAla prabandha bhI kahA gayA hai| 2. prako, pR0 47; pairA 55-56 kA sAkSya, de0 ukta kumArapAlacaritra meM / 3. prako, pR0 98 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya [ 117 apane hI DhaMga se kahA hai aura aisA karate hue paraspara virodhI bAtoM kI tanika bhI paravAha nahIM kI hai| uttarAdhikAra ke sambandha meM hemacandra, kumArapAla aura Abhar3a ke bIca mantraNA huii| bAlacandra dvArA ajayapAla kA kAna bharA gayA thA tathA hemacandra ke svargArohaNa ke 32veM dina ajayapAla ne kumArapAla ko viSa dekara mAra ddaalaa| rAjazekhara ke ina vRttAntoM ko jinamaNDanagaNi aura abula phajala ne bhI lipibaddha kiyA hai| purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM kaI prakaraNa atyanta purAtana haiN| kucha prakaraNa aise haiM jo prabandhakoza meM haiN| inakI chAnabIna karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kama se kama tIna prabandhoM ( pAdaliptAcArya-prabandha, ratnazrAvaka-prabandha aura vastupAla-prabandha ) ko rAjazekhara ke prabandhakoza se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| rAjazekhara ke prabandhakoza kI prasiddhi itanI adhika thI ki purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ke ukta tIna prabandhoM meM se 'ratnazrAvaka-prabandha' meM granthakAra ne prabandha ke anta meM spaSTa likha bhI diyA hai ki ukta ratnazrAvaka-prabandha ko hamane likhakara samApta kiyA jo maladhArIgacchIya zrIrAjazekharasUri dvArA viracita hai| ajJAtakartRka kumArapAladevacarita, somatilakakRta kumArapAladevacarita, purAtanAcArya saMgRhIta kumArapAlaprabodha-prabandha, caturazItiprabandhAntargata kumArapAladeva-prabandha tathA somaprabhAcAryakRta kumArapAlapratibodha jaise pA~coM granthoM ne kumArapAlacarita-saMgraha meM prabandhakoza ko sAkSya mAnakara usake kaI zlokoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| prabandhakoza ke 1. de0 byulara, hemajI : pR0 13 / 2. kumArapAlaprabandha (1436 I0 ) pR0 113; Aina-e-akabarI, dvitIya, pR0 263 / 3. "ratnazrAvakaprabandho visajitAH (taH 9 ) zrI rAjazekharasUribhirmaladhAri gacchIyaviracitaH / " vistRta vivecana ke lie de0 jinavijaya : prAstAvika vaktavya; puprasa, pR0 4 va Ti0, jahA~ para jaina vidvAn ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki pAdaliptAcArya-prabandha aura ratnazrAvaka-prabandha, rAjazekharasUri ke prabandhakoza se gRhIta haiM /

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118 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana eka atyanta prasiddha prAkRta pada ( 17/36 ) ko kumArapAlacaritasaMgraha meM cAra sthAnoM meM akSarazaH uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / ' somatilakasUri ne bhI prabandhakoza ko sAkSya mAnA hai / somatilakasUrikRta 'kumArapAlacarita' ke antima 500 zlokoM meM kumArapAla ke rAjakIya jIvana kA varNana hai jisameM 'prabandhakoza' meM upalabdha sAmagrI kA sAra diyA huA hai / ' prabandhakoza meM kumArapAla se sambandhita sAmagrI hemasUri, harihara Abhar3a aura vastupAla prabandhoM meM prApta hotI hai| isake bAda zatruJjaya, ujjyanta Adi kI tIrthayAtrA aura somanAtha meM kumArapAla ke sAtha jAkara hemacandra dvArA ziva pUjA Adi pazu-vadha niSedhAjJA kA varNana kumArapAlacarita meM milatA hai / anta meM hemacandra ke svargavAsa aura usake pazcAt chaH mahIne meM kumArapAla ke divaMgata hone kA bhI ullekha somatilakasUri ne prabandhakoza se hI liyA huA hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai / 'kumArapAlaprabodhaprabandha' kI racanA 1407 I0 meM prabandhacintAmaNi, prabandhakoza Adi jaise katipaya purAtana prabandhoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / kumArapAlaprabodhaprabandha ke lagabhaga prArambha meM jo padya hai, vaha prabandhakoza se zabdaza: uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, jisakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki " gujarAta kA yaha rAjya vanarAja prabhRti rAjA dvArA jaina mantrasamUha se sthApita kiyA gayA hai / usake sAtha dveSa karane vAle kabhI prasanna nahIM raha sakate / " Age prabandhakoza kA sAkSya milatA hai ki yAcaka, vaMcaka, vyAdhi, paMcatva aura marmabhASaka ye pA~coM prAyaH yogiyoM 1. punne vAsasahasse sayaMmi varisANa navana vaikalie / hehI kumaranarindo tuha vikkamarAya sAricchoM // de0 prako, pR0 17 / 36 tathA kupAcasa, pR0 5/132, 13/144, 47/39 / 2. muni jinavijaya ( sampA0 ) kiJcita prAstAvika, kupAca, pR0 3 / 3. kupAca, pR0 20 - 21, pR0 33 / 4. gUrjarANAmidaM rAjyaM vanarAjAt prabhRtyapi / sthApitaM jainamantrastu tadveSI naiva nandati // kupAca, pR0 36, pada 6 prako, pR0 128, pada 335

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya [ 119 ke bhI udvega ke kAraNa hote haiN|' purAtanAcArya saMgRhIta kumArapAlaprabodha-prabandha meM kama se kama dasa zlokoM ko prabandhakoza kA sAkSya mAnakara uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jinameM se do zlokoM kA yahA~ varNana karanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki ye nIti-paraka haiN| pahale zloka kA bhAvArtha hai ki kaTu-vANI mata bolo aura dUsare zloka kA Azaya hai ki mana ko sthira karo, kyoMki cintA karane se kucha nahIM hotaa| ukta donoM prabandha-granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki sUryodaya zlAghanIya hai anya nakSatroM kA udaya hone se hI kyA ? usake udaya hone para na teja TikatA hai aura na andhakAra / kumArapAlaprabodha-prabandha meM prabandhakoza se yaha padya bhI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai jisameM kapardI ne bhI caulukya se kahA ki hemacandra ke prabhAva se zuddha ho jAnA hai|' Age donoM granthoM meM striyoM para vizvAsa na karane kA parAmarza diyA gayA hai| eka sthala para kumArapAlaprabodha-prabandha meM tukabandI kA niyamollaMghana karake 1. yAcako vaJcako vyAdhiH paJcatvaM marmabhASakaH / yoginAmapyamI paJca prAyeNodvegahetavaH // kupAca, pR0 52, pada 64; prako, pR0 56, padya 157 / 2. aye ! bhekaccheko bhava bhavatu te kUpakuharaM, zaraNyaM durmattaH kimu raTasi vAcATa ! kaTukam ? pura: sarpo do viSamaviSasyUtkAravadano, lalajjihvo dhAvatyahaha bhavatau jigrasiSayA / kupAca, pR0 99, pada 498; prako, pR0 51, pada 148 / kumArapAla mata cita kari ciMtiu kiMpi na hoI / jiNi tuha rajju samopiyauM citaM karesiI sAI / / __kupAca, pR0 99, pada 500; prako, pR0 51, pada 151 / 3. kherevodayaH zlAghyaH ko nyeSAnudayAgrahaH / na tamAMsi na tejAMsi yasminnabhyudite sati // __ kupAca, pR0 56, pada 86; prako, pR0 36, pada 107 / 4. kupAca, 107/527; prako, 49/146 /

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120 1 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prabandhakoza se eka padya uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jisakA bhAvArtha hai ki sAhasa se kArya karanA cAhiye / kumArapAlaprabodha-prabandha meM prabandhakoza kA eka sAkSya aura uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jisameM svayambhU kI stuti kI gayI hai / ' ataH ina sAkSyoM se pramANita hotA hai ki prabandhakoza kI vidvata samAja meM mAnyatA thI aura use uddhRta karanA eka gaurava kI bAta thI, jo prabandhakoza kI aitihAsikatA aura prAmANikatA ko siddha karatI hai | caturazItiprabandhAntargata Aye hue 'kumArapAladeva prabandha' meM do pada aise haiM, jo prabandhakoza se akSarazaH uddhRta haiM / prathama padya to bahuuddhRta hai jisako prabandhakoza se kumArapAladevacaritra, somatilakakRta kumArapAladevacarita aura kumArapAlaprabodha-prabandha tathA somaprabhAcAryakRta kumArapAla - pratibodha meM bhI uddhRta kiyA jA cukA hai / prabandhakoza se uddhRta dvitIya padya meM madhura dhvani kI prAkRtika mahimA kA bakhAna kiyA gayA hai / ' somaprabhAcAryakRta kumArapAla pratibodha kA bhI eka prAkRta pada aisA hai, jo prabandhakoza se zabdazaH avatarita kiyA gayA hai jisakA tAtparya hai ki he mAtA ! terI apuSpita putrI kA puSpadanta pati hai / maiMne use kar3A pramANa navIna sAlI ( dhAnya ) kI kA~jI dI hai| ratnamandiragaNi ne bhoja - prabandha ( 1460 I0 ) kI racanA meM prabandhakoza se sahAyatA lI hogI, kyoMki ratnamandiragaNi kRta upadezataraMgiNI ( 1462 I0 ) meM prabandhakoza kA sAkSya pAyA jAtA hai / ratnamandiramaNi ne vastupAla kI prazaMsA karate hue prabandhakoza ke usa zloka ko uddhRta kiyA hai jisakA bhAvArtha hai ki Aja isa vana se koI kalpavRkSa kA haraNa kara rahA hai / " 1. kupAca, pR0 66; prako, pR0 50; kupAca, pR0 99, prako, pR0 51; kupAca, pR0 14, prako, pR0 18 / 2. kupAca, pR0 112 - 113, pada 5 prako, pR0 17, pada 36; kupAca, pR0 114- 117 prako, pR0 63, pada 81 / 3. kupAca, pR0 124, pada 22; prako, pR0 12, pada 18 / 4. prako, pR0 59, zloka 168 tathA upadezataraMgiraNI, pR0 76 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya [ 121 yaha zloka narendra prabhu ke giranAra zilAlekha ke kAvyAMza kA sAtavA~ aura usakI vastupAla-prazasti kA 27vA~ bhI hai / ataH pramANita hotA hai ki prabandhakoza kI khyAti pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM bhI thii| __ munisundarasUri ke ziSya zubhazIlamaNi kA eka grantha bhojaprabandha aura dUsarA paJcazatIprabodha-sambandha ( 1464 I0) prApta hotA hai| ina granthoM meM prabandhakoza kA pracura prayoga kiyA gayA hai| zubhazIlagaNi ne paJcazatIprabodha-sambandha kI kathAoM ke saMkalana meM aneka srotoM kA Azraya liyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki "guru-paramparA tathA jainajainetara granthoM kA upayoga karake yaha grantha racA gayA hai / 3 paJcazatIprabodha-sambandha meM vizeSataH prabhAvakacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi, purAtanaprabandha-saMgraha, prabandhakoza Adi jaina-granthoM tathA rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, hitopadeza, paJcatantra Adi meM prApta sAmagriyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / paJcazatIprabodha-sambandha ke aitihAsika prabandhoM, nanda, sAtavAhana, bhartRhari, bhoja, kumArapAla, hemasUri Adi kI kathAe~ draSTavya haiN| prabandhakoza kI zailI para paJcazatIprabodha-sambandha meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke kaThina prayogoM se mukta sarala bhASA, lokabhASA aura usakA saMskRtIkaraNa rUpa meM pracura prayoga huA hai| rAjazekhara kI bhA~ti zubhazIlamaNi ne bhI aneka phArasI zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai tathA kalandara, kAgada, kharazAna, mohari, bIbI, masIta, mIra, mulANa, muzalamAna, haja, harImaja Adi / zabhazIlamaNi kRta zAlivAhanacarita (1483 I0 ) aura hemavijayagaNi viracita kathAratnAkara ( 1600 I0 ) meM zreNika, vikrama, sAtavAhana, kAlidAsa, bhoja Adi 1. prA00 lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 ( sampA0 ) jina vijaya, saM0 4-4; AcArya jI0 vI0 hisTorikala iMskRpzaMsa oNfa gujarAta, saM0 210 / 2. paMcazatIprabodha-sambandha nAmaka grantha gadya-padya mizrita hai jisameM saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraza ke subhASita avataraNa rUpa meM sthAna-sthAna para dRSTigocara hote haiN| 3. "kiJcidgurorAnanato nizamya, kiJcit jinAnyAdika zAstrazya", de0 jaisAbaiti, bhAga 6, pR0 246 /

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122 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana ke upAkhyAna diye hue haiM / sambhavataH ina granthakAroM ne bhI prabandhakoza lI thI / se sahAyatA 1525 I0 meM sahajasundara ne ratnazrAvaka - prabandha kI racanA kI thI / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sahajasundara ne apane grantha ke lie sAmagrI prabandhakoza se hI udhAra lI hai / yadyapi sahajasundara kI kRti 'ratna zrAvakaprabandha' nAmAbhidhAna se prabandha pratIta hotI hai tathApi phatehacanda belAnI ne ise kathAcarita varga meM rakkhA hai / yahA~ taka ki ballAlakRta bhojaprabandha ( 16vIM zatAbdI ) meM bhI prabandhakoza kA sAkSya grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / ukta bhojaprabandha meM spaSTataH tIna zloka aise haiM jinheM ballAla ne akSarazaH prabandhakoza se uddhRta kiyA hai aura cauthe kA bhAva grahaNa kiyA hai / " ataH spaSTa hai ki ballAlakRta bhojaprabandha meM prabandhakoza ke zlokoM kA sAkSya milatA hai / pahalA zloka vikramAditya kI dAna- prasiddhi se sambandhita hai jisakA bhAvArtha hai ki ATha karor3a suvarNa ( mudrA ), tirAnabe taula motI, madagandhalAbhI bhauroM kA krodha sahane vAle ( arthAt madonmatta ) pacAsa hAthI, lAvaNyamayI kaTAkSa netroM vAlI sau vArAGganAoM ( gaNikA) jo pANDyanRpa ne dahejasvarUpa daNDa ( bheMTa ) diyA thA ( vikramAditya ne ) use hI vaitAlika ( betAla ) ko arpita kara diyA / dUsarA zloka rAjA ko sambodhita karake kahA gayA hai ki "Apane yaha apUrva dhanuvidyA kahA~ se sIkhI hai ki mArgaNoM ( eka artha bANoM, dUsarA artha yAcakoM ) kA samUha AtA hai aura guNa ( eka artha mantra, dUsarA artha zauryAdi guNa ) AkAza meM cale jAte haiM / " tIsarA zloka bhI rAjA kI prazaMsA meM hai / " ( Apa ) sarvadA sabako dene vAle haiM, loga aisI mithyA stuti karate haiM / zatrugaNa ApakI pITha ko nahIM prApta kara sake haiM aura paTanAriyA~ ( vezyAe~ ) Apake vakSa sthala ko / " cauthe zloka meM ballAla ne rAjazekhara kA bhAva grahaNa kiyA hai / rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki eka bAra jaba bappabhaTTisUri nagara ke bAhara cale 1. de0 belAnI : jaina grantha aura granthakAra, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 43-45 / 2. de0 prako, zloka 30, 47, 50 va 74 ballAlakRta bhoja-prabandha, zloka 231, 311, 313 va 317 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : srota evaM sAkSya / 123 gaye taba saMgha ke sevaka bhAva-vihvala hokara kahane lage ki hama Apake anuyAyI haiM, Apa hameM kyoM chor3ate haiM ? hamAre jaise sevakoM ke abhAva meM ApakI hI hAni hogii| Apake cale jAne ke bAda rAjA para hama hI prabhAvazAlI hoNge| isa bhAva ko ballAla isa prakAra kahatA hai ki rAjA sevakoM para prasanna hokara bhI mAtra mAna ( pratiSThA ) dete haiM, kintu sevakagaNa sammAna pAne para prANoM ko dekara upakAra karate haiN| isa prakAra prabandhakoza ke sAkSya jinamaNDana ke kumArapAlacaritra, purAtana-prabandhasaMgraha, kumArapAlacaritasaMgraha ke pA~coM prabandha-granthoM, ratnamandiragaNi kI upadezataraMgiNI, zabhazIlagaNi kRta paJcazatIprabodha-sambandha evaM kaI bhojaprabandhoM meM pAe jAte haiM jinase anya prabandha-granthoM kI apekSA prabandhakoza kI khyAti adhika pratIta hotI hai tathA rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-darzana kI mAnyatA balavatI hotI hai|

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adhyAya-7 rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-darzana meM srota tathA sAkSya kA adhyayana kara lene ke bAda kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama para prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| kAraNatva 'kAraNatva' meM kAraNoM kI kramabaddhatA kA bhAva nihita rahatA hai| 'kAraNatva' kI samasyA para itihAsakAra ke rukha kI vizeSatA yaha hotI hai ki vaha eka hI aitihAsika ghaTanA ke kaI kAraNa sAmane rakhatA hai| kisI eka kAraNa ke prabhAva para kendrita hone se logoM ko sAvadhAna karane ke lie hara sambhava upAya karane cAhie, kyoMki prabhAva meM anya kAraNoM kA bhI hAtha hotA hai jo mukhya kAraNa ke sAtha milA hotA hai| isakA udAharaNa vastupAla prabandha meM spaSTa dIkha par3atA hai / vastUpAla ne raivataka para se tIrthayAtrA-kara kA unmUlana isa kAraNa kiyA ki use lokahita sAdhanA thA aura isa lokahita-sAdhana ke liye usane chaH vividha lokahita-sAdhaka kArya bhI kiye| ataH yahA~ para lokahita-sAdhaka kAryoM meM kAraNa va prabhAva bhI saMyukta hai / saccA itihAsakAra na kevala kAraNoM kI sUcI banAyegA, balki unheM kramabaddha aura vyavasthita karane kI bAdhyatA bhI mahasUsa kregaa| isalie kAraNatva anAvazyaka kAraNoM ke parityAga meM sahAyaka hotA hai| parantu itihAsakAra kA pramukha kArya kevala vigata ghaTanAoM kI khoja karanA nahIM hotA hai| 'kyA ghaTA' kahanA hI yatheSTa nahIM hai apitu 1. kAra, I0 eca0 : pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 76 / 2. de0 prako, pR0 120-121 tathA de0 pUrvavaNita adhyAya 5, aiti0 tathya vastupAla prabandha bhii|

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 125 'kyoM ghaTA' batalAnA jarUrI hotA hai|' itihAsakAra lagAtAra prazna pUchatA rahatA hai, kyoM? vaha mUla prazna 'kyoM' ke adhikAdhika uttara ikaTThe karatA rahatA hai| ataH itihAsa kA adhyayana kAraNoM kA adhyayana hai| kyoMki', 'kAraNa se', 'pariNAmasvarUpa', 'phalataH', 'taba', 'tatpazcAt', 'isI bIca' Adi kAraNatva ke astra haiM jinheM itihAsakAra apane hAthoM meM liye rahatA hai| vaha to kAraNoM kI vividhatA se sampakita rahatA hai| kAraNatva kA tAtparya kAraNatA yA kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta hotA hai| rAjazekhara ne kAraNa ke liye prAyaH 'hetu', 'kAraNa', 'kyoMki' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kAraNatva kI vividhatA rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-darzana kI adbhuta vizeSatA hai| IrSyA, saMgha yA gaccha-ba~TavAre, saMgharSa-yuddha, sandhi-vArtA, roSa-asantoSa, sAmAjika samasyA ( pArivArika kalaha ), videzI AkramaNa, nirmANa-kArya meM vilamba, vAstudoSa, vaimanasya Adi ke kAraNa na kevala vividha haiM pratyut bhinna-bhinna haiM jisase kAraNatva meM eka-rasatA nahIM Ane pAtI hai aura ve adhika vizvasanIya pratIta hote haiM / rAjazekhara ne bhadrabAhu-varAha prabandha meM 'kathaM', 'kimetat ?' zabdoM ko kAraNatva ke vAhaka rUpa meM prayukta kiyA hai| usane jIvadevasUriprabandha meM prAsAda-doSa kA kAraNa strI-zalya kA honA batalAyA hai| saMgha aura gaccha virodha ke kAraNoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| mallavAdi prabandha meM mAtA ne bAlaka ko saMgha choTA hone kA kAraNa bauddhoM kI pragati btlaayaa| harihara prabandha meM rAjazekhara ne likhA hai ki dhavalakka meM vIradhavala dvArA harihara ke svAgata satkAra kiye jAne ke kAraNa rAjakavi somezvara kI IrSyA bar3ha gyii| somezvara kI durbhAvanA se harihara kruddha bhI hue| harihara ne somezvara ke dUSita hone kA kAraNa 1. vAlza, DablyU0 eca0 : aina inTroDakzana TU philaoNsaphI, landana, 1956, pR0 16; hvAihi, pR0 87; hihirA, pR0 362 / 2. prako, pR0 3,4, 22 / 3. vahI, pR0 8 / 4. vahI, pR0 22 / 5. prako, pR0 58 /

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126 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 'paNDita kI avajJA' btlaayaa| bappabhaTTisUri prabandha meM rAjazekhara ne eka samAjazAstrIya samasyA pArivArika kalaha kA kAraNatva dAridraya nahIM apitu caritra batalAyA hai / suyazA kSatrANI kI sauta ne usa para para-puruSa doSa Aropita kara ghara se niSkAsita karavA diyaa| svAbhimAna ke kAraNa usane zvasurakula aura pitRkula kA tyAga kara diyaa| usI prabandha meM likhA hai ki Ama rAjA ne eka nArI ke sAtha pApa kA AcaraNa kiyaa| yahA~ para rAjazekhara ne Ama rAjA ke pApa-prAyazcita ke vividha vikalpoM ko prastuta kara diyA hai| hemasUriprabandha meM sUri ne kumArapAla ke pUrvabhava kA itivRtta sunAyA jisameM se rAjazekhara ne eka vicitra sAmAjika kAraNatva DhUMr3ha nikAlA ki pUrva-janma meM garbhAghAta karane ke kAraNa siddharAja ke putra utpanna nahIM huaa| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza meM adhikatara bAtoM kA sakAraNa vivecana kiyA hai| vikramAditya prabandha meM betAla ne eka kAmakathA sunAyI jisameM eka ati vicitra evaM vinodapUrNa sAmAjika samasyA utpanna ho gayI thii| brAhmaNa putrI dvArA kASTha-bhakSaNa kara lene kA kAraNa yaha thA ki usake pitA ne use alaga-alaga gA~va ke cAra varoM ko diyA thA, jisake phalasvarUpa vivAda utpanna ho gayA thaa| caulukya-cAhamAna saMgharSa ke kAraNa hemacandra ke anusAra apanI sthiti sudRr3ha karake arNorAja ne kumArapAla para AkramaNa kara diyaa| prabhAcandra ke matAnusAra rAjA bana 1. "paNDitena mayyavajJA dadhe", vahI, pR0 60 / 2. prako, pR0 27 / 3. "idaM janaGgamIsaGgapApaM kASThAni bhakSayAmi / " vahI, pR0 39 / 4. "saha siddhezenApi vairakAraNamupalabdham / pUrvabhave garbhAghAtAnna siddharAjasya putraH / " vahI, pR0 54 / 5. "sA caturNA varANAM dattA pRthaka pRthak grAme / catvAro pyAgatAH / vivAdo jAtaH / " prako, pR0 80 / 6. dvayAzraya, 16 vA~, pada 14 / .

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 127 jAne ke bAda kumArapAla ne sapAdalakSa ke madAndha rAjA arNorAja se yuddha karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| merutuGga ke anusAra siddharAja kA dattakaputra cAhar3a kUmArapAla kI avajJA karake sapAdalakSa calA gyaa| vahA~ ke rAjA aura sAmantoM ko utkoca dekara milA liyA aura taba ve vizAla senA ke sAtha gujarAta kI senA kI ora bddh'e|' kintu jayasiMhari, jinamaNDana aura rAjazekhara ko yuddha ke ina kAraNoM se santuSTi na ho skii| prabandhakAra kI painI dRSTi ne caulukyoM aura cAhamAnoM ke bIca saMgharSa ke katipaya rocaka kAraNoM ko bhI khoja nikaalaa| (1) rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki caulukya kumArapAla kI bahana devalladevI kA vivAha cAhamAnavaMzIya zAkambharI nareza AnAka se huA thaa| eka bAra ve donoM zataraMja khela rahe the| AnAka akasmAt cillA uThA'mArayamuNDikAn punarmAraya muNDikAn' / muNDikA kA artha paidala bhI huA aura yaha zabda gujarAta ke cAlukyoM ke kSaura kiye hue sira se bhI jur3A huA hai| isa vyaMgya para rAnI kupita huI aura AnAka se bahasa karane lgii| isa kAraNa rAjA AnAka ne kruddha hokara rAnI para padaprahAra kiyA aura rAnI ne AnAka ko daNDa dilAne kI pratijJA kii| (2) rAnI avilamba caulukya nareza ke pAsa gayI aura usane apamAna tathA apanI pratijJA ko btlaayaa| taba kumArapAla ne eka mantrI ko AnAka ke yahA~ vRttAnta jAnane ke lie bhejaa| (3) mantrI ne AnAka rAjA kI eka dAsI se gupta sUcanA prApta kI ki AnAka ne vyAghrarAja ko kumArapAla ke vadha ke liye niyukta kiyA hai / isa prakAra mantrI ne zatrugRha ke marma ko jAna liyaa| (4) mantrI ne catura yAmalikoM ko kumArapAla ke pAsa ukta sUcanA pradAna karane ke liye bhejaa| kumArapAla sAvadhAna ho gyaa| 1. "sapAdalakSa bhUmIzamarNorAjaM madoddhatam / vigrahItumanAH senAmasAvenAma sajjayat / " prabhAca, 22 vA~, pada 417 / 2. praci, pR0 79, zloka 132 / 3. de0 kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita, cauthA, pada 172-212; kumArapAlaprabandha 39; prako, pR0 50-52 /

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128 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana pUrvaniyojita yojanA ke anusAra kumArapAla ne zatru dvArA niyukta vyAghrarAja ( bharakaTa ) ko mallayuddha meM bhUmisAt kara diyaa| (5) donoM ora se yuddha kI taiyAriyA~ hone lgii| kumArapAla ne pArSiNa senA ( maNDala-siddhAnta ) kA upAya kiyA / AnAka ne dasa lAkha padika, tIna lAkha azvArohI tathA pacAsa hAthI ke sAtha prasthAna kiyaa| AnAka ne dravya-bala ( utkoca ) dvArA kumArapAla ke naDDalIya, kelhaNa Adi sAmantoM meM bheda paidA kara apane pakSa meM kara liyaa| AnAka ne unheM vizvAsaghAta kA eka hI mantra diyA-"yuddha ke lie taiyAra raho, parantu yuddha na kro|" ina 'taTastha' aura 'udAsIna' rAjyoM ke rahasya ko kumArapAla bhI na jAna skaa| isaliye caulukyoM evaM cAhamAnoM ke bIca saMgharSa huaa| cAhar3a kA zatrupakSa meM jAne kA kAraNa cAhar3a kumAra bhI zatrupakSa meM mila gyaa| parantu arNorAja para kumArapAla kI vijaya eka aitihAsika tathya hai|' kumArapAla apanI bahana kI pratijJA pUrI karanA cAhatA thA aura AnAka kI kAtara-dRSTi dekhakara use tIna dinoM bAda mukta kara diyaa| prabhAcandra cAhar3a ko siddharAja kA putra mAnatA hai kintu rAjazekhara ke anusAra cAhar3a mAlavA kA rAjakumAra thaa| jaba rAjaputra cAhar3akumAra ne pradhAnoM se rAjya mA~gA taba unhoMne use diyA nahIM kyoMki vaha ( cAhar3a ) dUsare vaMza kA thaa| isa prakAra kruddha hokara cAhar3a AnAka kA sevaka bana gyaa| isa sandarbha meM rAjazekhara kA varNana atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki vaha tarkasaMgata kAraNatva prastuta karatA hai| gAhar3avAla aura senavaMza meM saMgharSa ke kAraNa vArANasI ke jayacandra gAhar3avAla aura lakSaNAvatI ke lakSmaNasena ke bIca saMgharSa kA kAraNa lakSaNAvatI ke durbhedya durga aura vizAla senA kI carcA thI jise sunakara jayacandra ne durga-vijaya kI pratijJA kI, jo 1. vAdanagara prazasti, verAvala prazasti tathA kumArapAla kA cittaur3agar3ha abhilekha ( vi0 saM0 1207 ) isa vijaya kI puSTi karate haiM / 2. prako, pR0 52 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 129 harSavardhana dvArA rAjyArohaNa ke avasara para kI gayI pratijJA se milatIjulatI thii| vastuoM ke abhAva meM saMkaTa utpanna ho sakatA hai, yaha socakara jayacandra ne baMgadeza kI khAdya sAmagrI para roka lagA dI, jisa kAraNa saMgharSa bddh'aa| paulukyoM bhora mAlavA paramAroM meM saMgharSa ke kAraNa rAjazekhara ke anusAra caulakyoM aura mAlavA ke paramAroM ke bIca saMgharSa kA pahalA kAraNa jayasiMha siddharAja kI yaha pratijJA thI ki "mAlavA ke naravarma paramAra ke carma se myAna bnvaauuNgaa|", (2) madanavarma, usakI rAjasabhA aura usakI nagarI ke vasaMtamahotsava kI prazaMsA sunane ke kAraNa siddharAja kI icchA vizAla senA sahita AkramaNa karane kI huii| (3) madanavarma nAriyoM ke lie priya aura unase hAsya-vinoda karatA rahatA thA, jisa kAraNa vaha sabhA meM kabhI nahIM baiThatA thaa|' (4) anta meM, madanavarma ne siddharAja ke lie 'kabAr3I' aura 'varAka' jaise apamAnajanaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA thaa| (5) madanavarma ne siddharAja ko yaha sandeza bhijavAyA ki "yadi nagarI va bhUmi lenA cAhatA hai to yuddha kreNge| yadi dhana se santuSTa hotA hai to dhana grahaNa kre|"" isa sandeza ne agni meM ghRta kA kAma kiyA thaa| 1. prako, pR0 88-89 / 2. 'naravarmacamapaTitameva pratyAkAraM karomIti pratijJAvazAt / ' prako, pR0 91 / 3. 'sa nArIkuJjaraH sabhAyAM kadApi nopavizati / kebalaM hasitalalitAni tanoti / ' vahI, pR0 91 / 4. 'sa kabADI rAjA vAcyo bhavadbhiH-yadi naH puraM bhuvaM ca jighRkSasi, tadA yuddhaM kariSyAmaH / athAryena tRpyasi tadArtha gahANeti / ' vahI, pR. 92 /

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130 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana kumArapAla kI mRtyu ke kAraNa hemacandra ke svargArohaNa ke 32 veM dina ajayapAla dvArA pradatta viSa ke kAraNa kumArapAla paralokavAsI huaa|' isa kAraNatva meM prabandhacintAmaNi se adhika vRttAnta rAjazekhara ne prastuta kiyA hai| saubhAgya se kumArapAla kI mRtyu ke sambandha meM jinamaNDanagaNi tathA abula phajla ne bhI isI kAraNatva ko lipibaddha kiyA hai, jinase rAjazekhara ke kAraNatva kI puSTi ho jAtI hai / ajayapAla ke hRdaya meM jaghanya vicAra A rahe the, avasara Ane para usane dUdha meM viSa milA diyA aura kumArapAla ko diyaa| kumArapAla ko bacAyA na jA sakA aura vaha 1173 I0 meM cala basA / viSa dene kA aucitya yaha hai ki kumArapAla ne ajayapAla ko anAdhikRta karane ke lie hemacandra kI rAya mAnI thI, jisakI aham rAjanItika bhUmikA thii| vAmanasthalI ke yuddha aura sandhi kArya ke kAraNa vAmanasthalI ke yuddha meM eka pakSa meM vIradhavala aura dUsare meM usake sAle sAGgaNa aura cAmuNDarAja the| isa yuddha kA kAraNa vIradhavala dvArA vAmanasthalI para kara-ropaNa thaa| vIradhavala kI rAnI jaitaladevI sandhi ke hetu apane donoM bhAiyoM ke pAsa gayI aura bolI-"bhAiyoM! maiM Apake samIpa pati-vadha se bhayabhIta hokara nahIM AyI hU~, apitu pitR-gRha ke ujar3ane se bhayabhIta huuN|"" rAjazekhara ne yahA~ para eka vizleSaNAtmaka kAraNatva prastuta kiyA hai| jAbAlipura ke cAhamAnoM meM asantoSa aura paJcagrAma yuddha ke kAraNa vIradhavala ke pAsa jAbAlipura ke tIna sahodara sAmantapAla, 1. 'tato dinadvAtriMzatA rAjA kumArapAlo ajayapAladattaviSeNa paraloka gamat / ' prako, pR0 98 / 2. praci, pR0 95; kumArapAla prabandha, pR0 113-114; AIna-e-akabarI, dvitIya, pR0 263 / 3. kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita, 10 vA~, pada 107 va Age / 4. 'samAnodayauM / nAhaM pativadhabhItA va samIpamAgam, kintu niSpitR gRhatvabhItA / ' prako, pR0 104 /

Page #156
rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [131 anantapAla aura trilokasiMha nAmaka cAhamAna sevArtha dhavalakka aae| ve tInoM sevA ke badale meM kucha bhUsampatti cAhate the kintu vIradhavala ne unheM lauTA diyaa| vIradhavala ke kRpaNa vyavahAra ke kAraNa unakA asantoSa bddh'aa|' ve tInoM bhImasiMha ke saMgha meM jA mile, jisa kAraNa paJcagrAma kA yuddha huaa| anta meM vastupAla-tejapAla ne vIradhavala ko smaraNa karAyA ki Apane mAravAr3a ke tIna yoddhAoM ko grahaNa nahIM kiyA thA, ve zatru-senA meM jAkara mila gaye haiN| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne yaha pramANita kara diyA ki jAbAlipura ke cAhamAnoM ke asantoSa, cAhamAna aura bhImasiMha saMgha-nirmANa tathA paJcagrAma yuddha kA kAraNa vIradhavala kA kRpaNa-vyavahAra thaa| tejapAla aura ghUghala ke bIca yuddha ke kAraNa ___ mahItaTa pradeza ke godhirA nagara meM ghUdhula maNDalIka rahatA thA, jisase tejapAla kA yuddha huaa| rAjazekhara ne isa yuddha ke kaI kAraNa sujhAye haiM, jaise - . (1) ghUghula vIradhavala kI AjJA nahIM mAnatA thaa| isa avajJA ne yuddha kI pUrva-pIThikA taiyAra kara dI thii| (2) tejapAla ne ghUghula ko samajhAne ke lie eka vIra-yoddhA bhejA, jisase ghUghula krodhita huaa| _ kruddha ghUghula ne vIradhavala ke lie eka sAr3I aura kajjalaM kI DibiyA bhejI', jo isakA sUcaka thA ki virodhI patnIvat samarpaNa kara de| (3 ) senA kA yojanAbaddha prayANa - ghUghula se yuddha karane ke lie tejapAla ne mahItaTa pradeza pahu~ca kara apanI senA ko do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta diyA - ( ka ) eka bhAga vahIM sthita kara diyA, (kha ) dUsarA 1. jabaki eka sthala para rANaka apanI kRpaNatA ko hI doSa dete haiM aura kahate haiM ki rAjA kI kRpaNatA se sevaka alpavRtti vAle ( cora ) ho jAte haiN| prako, pR0 113 / 2. 'tenAgatya rANazrIvIradhavalAya kajjala gRhaM zATikA ceti dvayaM dattam / ' vahI, pR0 107 /

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132 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana bhAga apane Age-Age bhejA aura ( ga ) svayaM sainika gatizIlatA meM guptarUpa se saMlagna ho gyaa| (4) jaba ghUghula ke pakSa meM bhagadar3a maca gayI aura usakA mantrI kaTaka bhAga nikalA taba tejapAla ne ghUghula se kahA - "tumhAre zatru prabala haiM, tumhArA sampUrNa bala bhagna ho gayA hai, upAya kro|" ina kAraNoM se yuddhAgni bhabhaka utthii| tejapAla-masapura ke kAraNa vaDU velAkUla kA svAmI rAjaputra zaMkha thA, jo abhimAnI thaa| tejapAla ne zaMkha se kahA ki vaha sadIka nauvittaka ko samajhA de / zaMkha ne pratyuttara diyA ki mere eka nauvittaka se vaza nahIM claa| isa pratyuttara ke kAraNa khinna hokara tejapAla ne zaMkha se hI yuddha karane kI taiyArI kii| Age rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki zaMkha kI parAjaya aura sadIka ko bandI banAne ke bAda tejapAla ne samUce mahArASTra ke lie bhUmi jItane kA prayAsa kiyaa| velAkUla nareza ke bAda anya rAjA krama se pratigraha ( rizvata ) dvArA mantrI tejapAla ke sAnnidhya meM Aye aura jayazrI arpita kii| isa kAraNa se ve santuSTa hue aura bahuta sI bahumUlya vastue~ le aaye| musalamAnoM se saMgharSa ke kAraNa jina musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM kA varNana rAjazekhara ne kiyA hai unameM prAyaH eka samAna kAraNatva hI kArya kara rahe the| ye AkramaNa 1. 'gatastaddezAdarvAgbhAge kiyatyAmapi bhuvi; sthitvA sainyaM kiyadapi, svalpamane prAsthAzyat / svayaM mahati melApake guptststhau|' vhii| 2. 'aristAvabalI AtmIyaM tu bhagnaM sakalaM balam / tasmAt kurmaH samucitam / ' vhii| 3. sa ca sarvavelAkUleSu prasaramANavibhavo mahAdhanADhyo baddhamUlo'dhikAriNaM nantuM nAyAti / ' vahI, pR0 108 / 4. 'mantrin ! madIyamekaM nauvittakaM na sahase / ' vahI, pR0 108 / 5. 'iti kAraNAt te tuSTAH bohitthAni sAravastupUrNAni prAbhUte prhinnvnti|' vahI, pR0 109 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 133 Antarika matabheda se sambandhita the jinakA eka sAmAnya kAraNa thA virodhI yA asantuSTa vyakti kA musalamAnoM se mila jAnA / rAjyauttarAdhikAra ke kAraNa rAjA jayacandra aura rAnI sUhavadevI meM matabheda ho gayA / sUhavadevi (punardhRtA) ke putra ko gahar3avAla rAjyAdhikAra na dekara suvaMzI meghacandra ko diyA gyaa| isa kAraNa sUhavadevi kruddha ho gayI aura usane takSazilAdhipati suratrANa ko kAzI vinaSTa karane ke liye nimantraNa bheja diyA / " rAjA hRdaya meM hAra gayA / yaha nahIM jJAta hai ki tadanantara jayacandra mArA gayA athavA kahIM gayA athavA mara gayA yA gaMgA meM gira gayA / yavanoM ne nagarI hastagata kara liyA / isa prakAra prabandhakoza meM kAraNatva kI na kevala vibhinnatA hai apitu vividhatA bhI hai / bojabIna suratrANa ke abhiyAna ke kAraNa rAjazekhara kA prathama mojadIna suratrANa iltutamiza ( 1210 - 35 I0 ) hai / rAjazekhara kI dRSTi meM usa sultAna ke gujarAta abhiyAna kA eka sAdhAraNa kAraNa thA mlecchoM kI durjeyatA / prabandhakozakAra isa kAraNatva ko aitihAsika tathyoM kI sahAyatA se puSTa karate hue kahatA hai ki " mlecchoM dvArA gardabhilla kI gardabhI-vidyA siddha tiraskRta ho gayI hai / pratidina sUryamaNDala se nikale azvoM se racI rAjapATikA ( rAjakIya zobhAyAtrA ) thI / usake kartA zilAditya ko bhI pIr3ita kiyA / sAta sau yojana ke svAmI jayantacandra kA bhI nAza kiyA / bIsa bAra bA~dhe gaye sahAvaMdIna sultAna ke vijetA pRthivIrAja bhI bA~dhe gaye / isalie ( vaha ) nizcaya hI durjaya hai / " ----- prathama mojabIna kI parAjaya ke kAraNa prathama mojadIna kI parAjaya kA kAraNa vastupAla kI sAmarika - 1. prako, pu0 57 327 I0 pU0 dezadrohI AmbhI ne bhI videzI AkrAntA sikandara ko bhArata para AkramaNa karane ke lie Amantrita kiyA thA / 2. 'rAjA hRdayehArayAmAsa / tato na jJAyate kiM hato gato mRto vA / gaGgAjale patat / yavanairlAtA pUH / ' vahI, pR0 58 / 3. de0 pUrvavaNita adhyAya 5, aiti0 tathya aura unakA mUlyAMkana ( kramazaH ) | 4. !... pRthivIrAjo'pi baddhaH / tasmAd durjayA abhI / ' prako, pu0 117 /

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134] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana yojanA kI saphalatA thii| jaba vastupAla ko prathama mojadIna ( iltutamiza ) kI senA ke Agamana kA samAcAra milA, usane eka yojanA bnaayii| (1) vastupAla ne dhArAvarSa ke pAsa senA ko bhejA aura Adeza diyA ki taiyArI kre| (2) vastupAla ne apanI yojanA ke antargata dhArAvarSa ko yaha nirdeza diyA ki jaba mleccha senA AbU parvata ke bIca se hokara Ane kI ceSTA karegI, usa AtI huI senA ko rokanA mata, apitu usa ghATI ko ghera lenaa| aisA hI huaa| yavana loga mAre gye|' iltutamiza kI senA kI parAjaya ke ye do kAraNa the| dvitIya mojabIna sultAna muijjuddIna baharAmazAha ( 1240 42 I.) ke sAtha AjIvana samdhi ke kAraNa : . vastupAla aura dAsa-vaMza ke baharAmazAha ( 1240-42 I0) ke bIca AjIvana sandhi huI thii| isakA kAraNa thA vastupAla dvArA sultAna va usake parivAra ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa krnaa| rAjazekhara ne carcA kI hai ki eka bAra ( dvitIya ) mojadIna sultAna ( muijjuddIna baharAmazAha ) kI vRddhA mAtA haja-yAtrA ke lie utsuka stambhapura aayii| vastupAla ne nijI kolikoM ( yuddhAlu janajAtiyoM ) dvArA usake jalayAna kI vastue~ luTavA liiN| mantrI ne anabhijJatA kA svAMga racA aura ghara lAkara vRddhA kA satkAra kiyA kyoMki vastupAla apane ko sultAna kA zubhAkAMkSI siddha karanA cAhatA thaa| phira vastupAla vIradhavala kI anumati se vRddhA ko dillI pahu~cAne le gaye / jaba sultAna ko vastupAla dvArA kiye gae mAtA ke satkArAdi kA patA calA to usane vastupAla ko Amantrita kiyaa| bAtacIta ke daurAna avasara dekhakara vastupAla ne kahA-"deva ! 1. prako, pR0 117 / 2. vahI, pR0 119-120 / .

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 135 gujarAta ke sAtha Apa apane jIvanaparyanta sandhi kreN| isakI pratikriyA ke phalasvarUpa sultAna ne tIrthoM ke nirmANArtha sahAyatA dI aura vastupAla dvArA pradatta Atithya ke kAraNa baharAmazAha aura vastupAla ke bIca sandhi ho gyii| nirmANa kArya meM vilamba aura vAstu doSa ke kAraNa . vastupAla prabandha meM rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki vAstukAra zobhanadeva ne stambha U~cA hone meM vilamba ke cAra kAraNa prastuta kiye haiM ( 1 ) maNDapa giri-parisara meM hai| (2) zIta bar3ha jAtI hai| ( 3 ) prAtaHkAla banAnA kaThina hotA hai| ( 4 ) madhyAhna meM ghara jAkara snAna aura bhojana karanA par3atA hai|' rAjazekhara vAstu-doSa ke sAta kAraNoM ko krama se saMkhyA dete hue ginAtA hai aura arbudagiri ke nemi-prAsAda ke vAstu-doSa kA vizleSaNAtmaka kAraNatva pradAna karatA hai 1. prAsAda kI apekSA sIr3hiyA~ choTI haiN| '2. stambha ke Upara bimba apamAna kA dyotaka hai| 3. dvAra-sthAna meM vyAghra kI mUrti hone se alpa pUjA kI jaayegii| 4. jina-mUrti ke pRSThabhAga meM pUrvajoM kI mUrti sthApanA vaMzajoM kI RddhinAza kI sUcikA hai| 5. AkAza meM jaina-muni kI mUrti sthApanA darzana-pUjA kI alpatA kA sUcaka hai| 6. kAle raGga kI gRhalI ( zubha-cihna ) maMgalakArI nahIM hai| .. 7. bhAra-paTTa ( dharana) bAraha hAtha lambA hai jo ki kAlAnusAra aisA nahIM honA cAhie, yaha vinAza kA sUcaka hai| 1. 'deva ! gujaradharayA saha devasya yAvajjIvaM sandhiH stAt / ' ___ vahI, pR0 120 / 2. 'svAmini ! giriparisaro'yam / zItaM sphItam / prAtarghaTanaM viSamam / madhyAhnoddeze tu gRhAya gamyate, snAyate, pacyate, bhujyate / evaM vilambaH syAt / " vahI; pR0 122 / 3. vahI, pR0 124 /

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136 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana ataH rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-darzana kI AdhArazilA yadi usake srota hai to kAraNatva ve IMTeM haiM jina para usane itihAsa-bhavana kA nirmANa kiyaa| (2) paramparA paramparA eka sAmAjika virAsata hai| paramparA kA tAtparya logoM ke vicAroM, AdatoM aura prathAoM ke saMkalita rUpa se hai, jinakA pIr3hIdara-pIr3hI sampreSaNa hotA hai| aise aitihAsika sAhitya meM se aitihAsika paramparA ko khojA jA sakatA hai| yadi prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa ke srotoM kA dohana kiyA jAya to aitihAsika paramparA prApta ho sakatI hai| kauTilya ke lie 'itihAsa' kA uddezya isa prakAra se atIta kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana karanA thA jo hindU-paramparA ke lakSyoM ke anurUpa hoN| parantu jainoM ne aitihAsika paramparA ko prabandhoM aura rAjavaMzAvaliyoM ke mAdhyama se surakSita kara rakhA hai kyoMki jaina dharmaguruoM aura sUriyoM ko aitihAsika paramparA ke prati agAdha prema rahA hai| purAtanatA aura paramparA ke bIca bindu aura rekhA kA sambandha hai| purAtana deza hone ke nAte bhArata sahaja hI paramparApriya rahA hai| yugayugIna dharma aura saMskRti kI dhArAoM ko ajara-amara banAne ke liye jainoM ne bhI bhagIratha prayAsa kiye haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjazekhara ne apane itihAsa-darzana meM paramparAoM ko mUrdhanya sthAna diyA hai / jahA~ 'paramparA' zabda sad-Agama aura sad-guruoM kA bodhaka hai, vahA~ yaha prAmANikatA kA dyotaka bhI hai| itihAsa apane prArambha se hI paramparAoM kI sthApanA karatA calatA hai| paramparAoM kA kArya 1. thApara, romilA : ainziyeNTa iNDiyana sozala hisTarI, dillI, 1978, pR0 269 / 2. arthazAstra, prathama, 5 / 3. paramparAgata Agama aura guruoM ko sarvaprathama sthAna hai| isaliye 'AcAryagurubhyo namaH' ke sthAna para 'paramparAcArya gurubhyo nama:' kA pracalana hai| de0 zAstrI, nemicandra : tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, sAgara, 1974, pR07||

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 137 bhUtakAla kI AdatoM evaM zikSAoM ko bhaviSyakAla meM le jAnA hai|' vyApaka artha meM paramparA una sabhI prathAoM, sAhityika upAyoM tathA abhivyakti kI AdatoM ko prakaTa karatI hai jo kisI granthakAra ko atIta se prApta huI ho| paramparA kisI viziSTa dharma yA darzana, sAhityika rUpa, yuga aura saMskRti kI bhI ho sakatI hai, jaise- jainaparamparA, prabandha-paramparA, rAjapUta-yuga kI paramparA aura caulukyasaMskRti kI paramparA / acche artha meM hama kahate haiM ki amuka granthakAra eka mahAn paramparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| bure artha meM hama kahate haiM ki amuka granthakAra kevala paramparAvAdI hai| paramparAoM ke sAtha itihAsakAra kA sambandha bar3A jaTila hotA hai| koI bhI itihAsakAra kitanA hI andhAnuyAyI kyoM na ho, vaha apanI uttarAdhikRta paramparA meM AvazyakatAnusAra saMzodhana karatA hI hai kyoMki bhASA kI gatyAtmakatA paramparAoM meM saMzodhana karA hI detI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sabhI ekatra paramparAoM ko smaraNa rakhanA asambhava hai| adhikAMza vilupta ho jAtI haiN| jo paramparAe~ rAjAoM, dharmAcAryoM yA vidvAnoM ke lie vizeSa mahatva aura ruci kI hotI thIM unheM hI surakSita rakhA jAtA hai| ataH aisI paramparAoM ko kevala isaliye bhI amAnya nahIM karanA cAhiye ki unameM virodhAbhAsa hai / byUlara ne jaina paramparAoM kI prAmANikatA, unake mola aura itihAsa meM unake mahatva kI atyadhika prazaMsA kI hai|' yadyapi prabhAvakacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi, purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, vividhatIrthakalpa aura prabandhakoza jaisI jaina-kRtiyA~ gaur3avaho kI taraha samakAlIna lekhA nahIM pradAna karatI haiM tathApi unameM abAdha paramparA dvArA surakSita sAmagrI aitihAsika caritra kI hai| rAjazekhara itihAsa 1. kAra : hvATa ija hisTarI, pR0 108 / 2. ziple : DikzanarI oNpha varlDa liTarecara, nyU jarsI, 1962, pR0 418 / . 3. byUlara : da iNDiyana sekTa oNpha da jainsa, meM de0 "Ana da oNtheNTisiTI ___oNpha jaina TreDizansa' ( anu. ) bargasa, landana, 1903, pR0 21-23 / 4. de0 AyaMgara, esa0 ke0 : ainziyeNTa iNDiyA, 1941, pR0 345; bIbI Ara e esa, tRtIya, maI 1928, pR0 103 /

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138 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana ko srota-granthoM, sAkSyoM evaM paramparAoM para AdhArita mAnatA thaa| usake vicArAnusAra yogya paramparA tathA sunI-sunAyI bAteM hI itihAsa kA nirmANa karatI haiM / ataH vaha granthArambha meM hI paramparAoM ko spaSTa karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki yahA~ para maiMne 'gurumukhazrutAnAM' ( gurumukha se sune hue) vistRta evaM rasa-sampanna caubIsa prabandhoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| 'gurumukhazrutaM' kA prayoga rAjazekhara ne antima prabandha meM bhI kiyA hai / vaha vastupAla aura tejapAla ke sukRtyoM kI vistRta sUcI gurumukha dvArA sunI gayI, bAtoM ke AdhAra para taiyAra kara likhatA hai| una donoM ke kIrtana ( itivRtta ) cAroM dizAoM meM sunAyI par3ate haiN| granthAgata sAmagriyoM kI prAmANikatA ke sambandha meM rAjazekhara svayaM kahatA hai ki usane apane varNanoM ko vRddhajanoM tathA pUrvavartI granthoM dvArA pradatta paramparAoM para AdhArita kiyA hai| pAdaliptAcArya-prabandha meM rAjazekhara ne paramparA yA anuzruti ko mAnyatA pradAna karate hue kahA- 'vahA~ ( pAdaliptapura meM ) hemasiddhavidyA avatarita hai, aisA vRddhoM ne kahA hai| bappabhaTTasUri prabandha meM - AmarAjA dvArA gopagiri-prAsAda ke nirmANa kA jo vistRta varNana rAjazekhara ne kiyA hai, vaha vRddhoM dvArA kahA huA hai|' vRddhavAdi-siddhasena prabandha meM rAjazekhara ne paramparA ko aitihAsika paridhAna meM AviSTa kara diyA hai| vaha carcA karatA hai ki bhinna-bhinna AcAryoM se takSaka ke phaNa-maNDapa meM viSa vidyamAna thA, aisI anuzruti hai| 1. 'idAnIM vayaM gurumukha zrutAnAM vistIrNAnAM rasADhyAnAM caturvizateH prabandhAnAM ___ saGagrahaM kurvANaH sma / ' prako, pR0 1 / / 2. 'paraM gurumukhazrutaM kiJcillikhyate / " tayoH kIrtanAni zrUyante / ' de0, vahI, pR0 129-130 / 3. 'bahuzrutamunIzebhyaH prAggranthebhyazca kAnicit / , upa zrutyetivRttAni varNayiSye kiyantyapi // ' vahI, pR0 1 / 4. 'tatra hemasiddhavidyAjvataritA stIti vRddhAH prAhuH / ' vahI, pR. 13 / 5. ... prAsAda kArayAmAse gopagirI |""iti vRddhAH prAhuH / ' prako: pR0 29 / 6. vahI, pR0 86 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 139 usane pUrvagata anuzrutiyoM ko grahaNa kiyA / ' usI prabandha meM Age vaha udghoSita karatA hai ki vikramAditya ne jo kucha kahA vaha jana-paramparA dvArA sunakara kahA thA / ' isa sambandha meM eka bAta yaha mahattvapUrNa hai ki jisa prakAra jainoM ne paramparA ko varIyatA dI, usI prakAra tatkAlIna bhAratIya musalamAna itivRttakAroM ne bhI itihAsa - lekhana meM paramparA ko mahattA pradAna kI / islAma meM paramparA ke lie eka vacana 'hadIsa aura paramparAoM ke lie bahuvacana 'ahAdIsa' zabda prayukta hote haiM / jo bAteM puzta-dara- puzta calI A rahI hoM, unheM 'ravAyata' bhI kahate haiM | haz2arata muhammada ke samaya se hI musalamAnoM ne unake upadezoM evaM kAryoM ko sarvottama 'hadIsa ' kahA hai / " "hadIsa hajarata muhammada ke zabdoM, kAryoM aura anumatiyoM ke likhita saGgraha haiM / "" hadIsa ke adhyayana ke binA muslima-jJAna apUrNa rahatA hai / "" ibna saIda ke 'tabakAta' meM kucha sAthiyoM ko 'mag2Az2I' ( tArIkhI ravAyata ) arthAt aitihAsika paramparAoM para adhikArI mAnA gayA / ataH islAma meM paramparAe~ muhammada sAhaba ke upadezoM evaM kAryoM ke ve suprasiddha maukhika pramANa haiM jo unake prArambhika anuyAyiyoM dvArA cale Aye haiM aura antatogatvA 1. 'aparAparagurubhyaH pUrvagatazrutAni lebhe / ' vahI, pR0 18 / 2. 'evaM ca janaparamparayA zrutvA vikramAdityadevaH ' / ' vahI / ... 3. maulavI abdula haka: sTUDeNTsa sTaiNDarDa iMgliza urdU DikzanarI, karAcI, 1965, pR0 1333 / 4. ema0 je0 siddIkI : hadIsa liTarecara, kalakattA yunivarsiTI, 1961, 1 / ' 5. ibrAhIma, ejjeddIna Adi ( anu0 ); phauTTI hadIsa, phiradosa pablikezansa, dillI, 1979, pR0 7 / ina hadIsoM meM umara abdurrahamAna, abdullA AyazA, abU muhammada alahasana, ibnamasUda, abdullA jAbira, abbAsa Adi ke kathanoM ko hajarata muhammada kI vANI ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / vidvAnoM ne aisI cAlIsa ahAdIsa ko islAma kI dhurI, islAma kA addhazi Adi kahA hai / vahI, pR0 28 / 6. bahI, pR0 13 |

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140 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana paravartI musalamAnoM dvArA lipibaddha kara liye gae haiN| isa prakAra islAma meM bhI aitihAsika paramparAoM (tArIkhI ravAyata ) kA mahattva kucha vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki saltanata yuga meM itihAsa-lekhana kI eka jIvanta paramparA kazmIra kI taraha gujarAta meM bhI vidyamAna rahI hai jisa para arabI yAtriyoM evaM musalamAna itivRttakAroM kA prabhAva pdd'aa|' isa kathana kA uttarArddha sahI nahIM pratIta hotA hai kyoMki bhArata meM prAcIna kAla se hI bhRgvAMgiras paripATI yugoM se calI A rahI thI, jo aitihAsika paramparA kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karatI hai| paramparA ke sandarbha meM rAjazekhara ne 'zrUyate hyadyApi', 'zrUyate sampratyapi', 'adyApi' Adi zabdoM ke prayoga kiye haiN| vikramAditya prabandha meM to rAjazekhara dvArA rAma-kathA kI paramparA ko jIvita banAye rakhane kA stutya prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| Age vaha likhatA hai ki pUrvajoM kI paramparA se jo jJAta hai use Apako btlaayaa|' isa prakAra rAjazekhara kI paramparA kI avadhAraNA meM 'gurumukha zrutaM' jana paramparA, bRddhAH prAhuH, ko prAyaH samAna sthAna diye gae haiM / 'yAdazaM zrutaM tAdRzaM likhitam' vAlA siddhAnta rAjazekhara ne prayukta kiyA thaa| rAjazekhara ne vastupAla kI vidvattA aura sampannatA ke sambandha meM 'avasthAH zRNumaH' ke AdhAra para prabandha rcaa| vyAkhyAoM ko suna-sunakara tattvayukta mati dvArA mAMsa-parihAra kI racanA kI jAtI thii| Age rAjazekhara prathama mojadIna sultAna ke abhiyAna kA varNana anuzruti ke hI AdhAra para karatA hai ki aisI mAnyatA hai ki usakI 1. viliyama golDa-seka : da TreDizansa ina islAma, madrAsa, 1969, pR0 1 / 2. hasana mohibula : hisToriensa oNpha meDivala iNDiyA, meraTha, 1968, pR0 11-12 / 3. 'sa kAzcit zrIrAmasya vArtAH pAramparyAyAtAH samyag viveda / ' prako, pR0 80 / 4. 'pUrvaja pAramparyopadezAt jJAtaM tubhya muktaM ca / ' vahI, pR0 83 / 5. 'avasthAH zRNumaH / yathA' vahI, pR0 111 / 6. vyAkhyA zrAvaM zrAvaM / ' vahI, pR0 113 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatvaM, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 141 caturaMgiNI senA AbU parvata se hokara gujarAta meM praviSTa ho gayI hai / " usI prabandha meM rAjazekhara paramparAoM ke do spaSTa rUpoM kA ullekha karatA hai (1) karNAkaNikayA zrutaM evaM (2) prAcIna khyAta / 'karNAkaNikayA zrutaM' kA zAbdika artha huA eka kAna se dUsare kAna taka sunA gayA / isa prathama rUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki vIradhavala ne pahale bhI dillI-gamana vRttAnta karNAkaNikayA dvArA sunA thA, kintu punaH vizeSataH vastupAla se pUchA / usane bhI sampUrNa prAcIna khyAta sunAyA / vastupAla ke sambandha meM 'karNaparamparAgata' pracalita usakI kalyANakArI kIrti sunI jAtI thI aura vIradhavala ko paramparAoM kA jJAna thA / paTTasUri-prabandha meM rAjazekhara mahApuruSoM kI AcAra-paramparA kI duhAI dete hue kahatA hai ki "mahApuruSoM kI AcAra-paramparA rahI hai apanA tathA guruoM kA nAma na batAnA / " rAjasthApanAcAryoM ne bhI paramparA kA pAlana kiyA / rAjAgaNa bhI pUrvajoM kI paramparAnusAra devIdAya dete Aye haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki rAjazekhara guruoM, vRddhajanoM, mahApuruSoM kI paramparAoM ko dekhane yA sunane ke lie vyagra rahA karatA thA / rAjazekharasUri ne hemaprabandha meM anuzruti ke AdhAra 1. ' manye arbudadizA gurjjaradharAM praveSTA / ' vahI, pR0 117 / 2. 'pUrvamapi karNAkaNikayA zrutaM DhillIgamanavRttAntam / punaH savizeSaM mantriNaM papraccha / so'pi niravazeSa magarvaparaH prAcakhyo / ' vahI, pR0 120 / 3. vahI, pR0 124 | tulanA kIjiye 4. 'jJAtaM pAramparya vIradhavalena', prako / 5. 'mahAjanAcAraparamparedRzI 'svanAma' nAmAdadate na sAdhavaH / ' pusa, pR0 70, pada 216 / vahI, pR0 27 / -- 6. ' rAjasthApanAcAryAzca pAramparyeNa / ' vahI, pR0 36 / 'devIbhyo rAjJA deyA bhavanti puurvpurusskrmaat|' vahI, pR0 47 / vaMzaparamparA ke lie ! kulamiti' zabda bhI prayukta kiyA gayA hai / de0 vahI, pR0 100 kA antima zabda /

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142 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana para pUrvakAla kA vRttAnta prastuta kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki samprati thor3A sunA huA vidyamAna hai / ' harihara prabandha meM to rAjazekhara cunautIpUrNa zabdoM meM kahatA hai ki yadi vizvAsa na ho to paripATI ke anusAra suniye | Abhar3a prabandha meM vaha AlocanA karatA hai ki ajayapAla prAcIna kAlIna caityaparipATI kA upahAsa karane lagA / sAtavAhana prabandha meM prabandhakAra rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki kupita rAjA ke Adeza para zudraka ko sUlI: para car3hAye jAne ke liye deza-rIti ke anusAra zakaTa ( ratha ) Adi se le jAyA gayA / " usI prabandha meM rAjazekhara do punIta sAmAjika paramparAoM kA ullekha karatA hai / eka to jaba rAnI candralekhA ke putra utpanna huA, rAjA ko cAroM ora se 'varddhApanikA' ( vaMzavRddhi - prazaMsA - badhAI ) prApta huI / dUsare jaba vivAha ho rahA thA taba vara-vadhU ke bIca deza-paramparA se yavanikA DAlI gayI / " rAjazekhara dvArA grAhya paramparA kA sabase mahatvapUrNa udAharaNa sAtavAhana prabandha meM prApta hotA hai, jahA~ vaha bhrAnta yA virodhI paramparA ko bhI grahaNa karatA hai kyoMki rAjazekhara kI itihAsapriyatA kA pramANa virodhI paramparAoM ko bhI apane grantha meM samAhata karanA hai / usI sAtavAhana - prabandha meM vaha na kevala sAtavAhanoM kI paramparA kI carcA karatA hai apitu eka sAtavAhana rAjA ke samIkaraNa kA prayAsa bhI karatA hai / usakI svIkArokti hai ki usakA varNana prAcIna gAthA se bhinna hai / vaha kahatA hai ki "aisA prAcIna gAthA ke virodha prasaGga se hai / sAtavAhana ke pazcAt sAta 1. 'samprati alpazrutaM vartate / ' vahI, pR0 53 / 2. 'yadi tu pratyayo nAsti tadA paripATyA zrUyantAm / ' vahI, pR0 59 / 3. ' pUrvamete caitya paripATImakArSurityupahAsAt / ' vahI, pR0 18 / tadanu dezarIti 4. 'tato nRpatistasmai kupita: zUlAropaNamAjJApayat / vazAttaM zakaTe shaayyitvaa| vahI, pR0 70 / " .. 5. ' catasro'pi varddhApanikA dattAH kSmApAlena / ' vahI, pR0 73 / 6. 'dezAnurodhAdvadhUvarayontarAle javanikA dattA / ' vahI, pR0 74 / 7. ' so'nyaH sAtavAhana iti sambhAvyate / ' vahI, pR0 74 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 143. vAhana aura sAtavAhana ke krama meM sAtavAhna kA honA yaha viruddha nahIM. haiM | bhojapada para bahuta se loga bhojatva ko, janaka pada para bahuta se . loga janakatva ko prApta hue, aisI rUr3hi hai / " rAjazekhara ne to. virodhI - paramparA kA yahA~ taka nirvAha kiyA hai ki jo vRttAnta jainasammata nahIM the usane unakA bhI varNana kiyA hai aura isa sambandha meM vaha kahatA hai ki deva - jAtIya nAga ke sAtha mAnava kA vivAha honA asambhava hai / ataH isa sambandha meM yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki paramparAoM ke bhAva bhinna-bhinna ho sakate haiM kyoMki rAjazekhara kI yaha svIkArokti hai ki kucha paramparAe~ sarvathA bhrAnta yA virodhI ho sakatI haiM / isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne vividha paramparAoM ko AtmasAt karake prabandhakoza kA praNayana kiyA hai kyoMki aitihAsika vidvattA to paramparAoM evaM mApadaNDa kI khoja meM lIna rahatI hai jisake anusAra hI grantha kI racanA aura usa racanA kA mUlyAMkana hotA hai / ( 3 ) kAlakrama paramparA kI taraha kAlakrama bhI itihAsa-darzana kI eka kasauTI hai kyoMki kAlakrama itihAsa kA netra hai / yaha samaya kA eka mApadaNDa 1. iti ciratnagAthAvirodhaprasaGgAt / na ca sAtavAhanakramikaH / sAtavAhana iti viruddham | bhojapade bahUnAM bhojatvena, janakapade bahUvAM janaktvena rUDhatvAt / vahI / , rAjazekhara ne vakacUla prabandha meM 'rUr3ha' zabda kA prayoga bhI isI prAcIna paramparAgata artha meM kiyA hai 'tIrthatayA ca rUDhaM tata / ' vahI, pR0 76 / vAstava meM janarItiyoM ( Folk ways ) aura rUr3hiyoM ( Mores ) meM antara hotA hai / janarItiyA~ samAja meM mAnyatA prApta vyavahAra karane kI paddhati haiM aura rUr3hiyA~ aisI janarItiyA~ haiM jinheM samUha kalyANakArI, ucita va upayogI samajhatA hai tathA unake ullaMghana para daNDa detA hai / 2. ' iyaM ca kathA jainAnAM na sammatAH, devijAtIyairnAgaiH saha mAnavAnAM vivAhAsambhavata: / ' vahI, pR0 88 / 3. DAiceja DeviDa : kriTikala eproceja TU liTrecara, lauMgamainsa, 1964, pR0 321 /

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144 / prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana aura gaNanA-paddhati bhI hai|' 'sUrya-siddhAnta' ke anusAra 'lokanAmantakRtkAlaH kAlo'nyaH kalanAtmakaH' arthAt kAla logoM kA anta karane vAlA hai; dUsarA kAla kalanAtmaka hai / ' 'kAla' zabda 'kal' dhAtu se udbhUta hai jisakA artha huA gaNanA yA mApana krnaa| ataH isakA maulika prayoga mApana ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM hotA thaa| vyAvahArika dRSTi se kAla-mApana karane aura zuddhakAla kA jJAna rakhane kI rIti jAnanA atIva Avazyaka hai kyoMki kevala kAla satya hai| gItA meM 'kAla' ko avinAzI kahA gayA hai| rAjazekhara ne bhI kahA hai ki yaha kAla atizaya zaktimAna hai| prAcIna bhArata meM kAla-mApana ke liye kaI saMvatsara prayukta kiye jAte rhe| vIra saMvat mahAvIra nirvANa ke samaya 527 I0 pU0 se, vikrama saMvat vikramAditya kI zaka vijaya ke samaya 57 I0 pU0 se aura zaka saMvat samrAT zAlivAhana dvArA IsvI san ke 78 varSa bAda pracalita mAnA jAtA hai| rAjazekhara likhatA hai ki sAtavAhana ne bhI kramazaH RNamukta hokara dakSiNApatha se lekara uttara meM tAptIparyanta vijaya kI aura apanA saMvatsara pravartita kiyaa|' isameM vikrama saMvat dharma-nirapekSa evaM sarvAdhika prasiddha bhAratIya saMvat hai jo vigata 2000 varSoM se bhArata ke adhikAMza bhAgoM meM prayukta hotA rahA hai| haribhadra (775 I0), vIrasena ( 780 I0 ) tathA usI samaya ke akalaMkacarita meM vikramasaMvat kA prayoga huA hai| dasavIM aura gyArahavIM 1. insAiklopIDiyA briTainikA, ji0 5, 1959, pR. 653 / 2. siMha, avadhezanArAyaNa : kAla tathA kAlamAna, zrIsampUrNAnanda abhi nandana grantha, kAzI, 1950, pR0 223 / 3. niratizayaH kAlo'yam / ' prako, pR0 53 / 4. de0 zukla, veNI prasAda : vikrama saMvat, nA0 pra0 patrikA, bhAga 14, vi0 saM0 1990, pR. 449 / vi0 saM0 ke pravartana ke sambandha meM mArzala, phlITa, bhaNDArakara, smitha, phargyusana Adi dvArA kaI siddhAnta peza kiye __ gae haiM / de. vikrau tathA jainaso, pR0 67-68 / 5. prako, pR. 68 / 6. jainaso, pR0 55 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 145 zatAbdiyoM ke aneka jaina lekhaka apanI tithiyA~ isI saMvat meM pradAna karate hai / merutuGga vikrama aura zaka saMvat meM 135 varSoM kA spaSTa antara batalAtA hai jisakA anumodana albIrUnI tathA navIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM ke abhilekha karate haiM jo vikrama aura zaka saMvatoM kA sAtha-sAtha varNana karate haiN| jaina lekhakoM meM vIra saMvat kA bhI pracalana hai| parantu rAjazekhara sUri ne adhikAdhika vikrama saMvatsara aura kahIM-kahIM vIra saMvat kA prayoga kiyA hai| usane prabandhakoza meM ghaTanAoM kA varNana karate hue 'kAlakrameNa' ( kAlakrama se ) zabda kA kaI bAra prayoga kiyA hai jo usakI kAla-avadhAraNA kA dyotaka hai| prabandhakoza meM do sthaloM para jo aitihAsika krama pradAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha rAjazekhara kI kAlakramIya avadhAraNA ko puSTa karatA hai| vastupAla prabandha meM vaha kahatA hai ki saMsAra meM strI-jAti hI dhanya hai jinake garbha se jina, cakravartI, arddhacakravartI, nala, karNa, yudhiSThira, vikrama, sAtavAhanAdi utpanna hue| granthAnta meM sapAdalakSIya cAhamAna vaMzAvalI meM 37 rAjAoM kA kramAnusAra ullekha hai jisameM bhI aitihAsika krama ucita hai / / kAlakrama kevala saMvatsara yA tithi nahIM hai apitu yaha kAla-mApana bhI hai| 'yaha mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM ko kAlAnusAra vyavasthita karane vAlA aura unake madhyAntaroM ko sunizcita karane vAlA zAstra hai jo itihAsa kA DhA~cA taiyAra karatA hai| rAjazekhara ne apane itihAsa 1. vahI, pR0 56-57 / 2. de0 'vicArazreNI'; albIrUnI kA bhArata, ( sampA0 ) sacaU, landana, 1914; adhyAya 2, pR0 49; ipi0 iNDi0, 19 vA~, pR0 22; uttara bhArata kA abhilekha, saM0 134; 862 I0 ke devagar3ha jaina stambha abhilekha ke liye de0 ipi* iNDi0, caturtha, saM0 44, pR0 309-310 / 3. prako, pR0 76 va pR0 77 / 4. vahI, pR0 101 / 5. vahI, pR0 133-134 / 6. reniyara : hisTarI : iTsa parapaja aiDa methaDa, landana, 1956, pa. 112, pR0 176 / 10

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146] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana darzana meM kAlakrama kI eka sunizcita paddhati ko vikasita kiyA / rAjazekhara ke sthUla kAlakrama kA namUnA granthArambha meM prApta hotA hai jahA~ usane yaha kahA hai ki mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM janatA ko dhanadAna dekara saphala manoratha kiyA / ' jIvadevasUri prabandha meM prabandhakAra mahatvapUrNa sUcanA detA hai ki eka samaya ujjayinI meM vikramAditya ne saMvatsara pravartana kiyaa| kahIM-kahIM rAjazekhara ne bhinna-bhinna ghaTanAoM ke liye koI saMvatsara yA tithi na dekara 'sAtaveM dina', 'saptAha mAtra', 'chaThe mAsa', 'chaH varSa kI Ayu' Adi kI gola-mola saMkhyA sthUla rUpa se prayukta kara kAla-mApana kA prayAsa kiyA hai / / rAjazekhara cApotkaTa-vaMza kI zAsanAvadhi kI bhI sahI-sahI gaNanA karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki cApotkaTavaMza ke navarAja Adi 7 rAjAoM ne 196 varSoM taka gujarAta para zAsana kiyaa| isa kAlakrama kI pUSTi merutuGga dvArA pradatta sucanA se ho jAtI hai, jahA~ likhA hai ki sAtoM rAjAoM ne vi0 saM0802 ( 745 I0 ) se vi0 saM0 998 ( 941 I0 ) taka 196 varSa zAsana kiyaa| isa prakAra rAjazekhara kA yaha kAlakrama bhI sahI pratIta hotA hai| rAjazekhara ne kAla-mApana kA eka sAmAnya prayAsa aura kiyA hai, jaba vaha kahatA hai ki zreSThinI padmayazA caityapUrNimA ko upavAsa kiyA karatI thii| prabandhakoza ke anta meM vaha sthUla rUpa se kahatA hai ki vastupAla aura tejapAla ke kriyA-kalApa aTThAraha varSoM taka calate rhe| rAjazekhara ne kAlamApana meM kabhI-kabhI 'adyapi' tathA 'evaM vartamAne kAle' ke bhI aise 1. 'arthena prathamaM kRtArtha makarod yo vIrasaMvatsare / ' prako, pa0 1 2. 'ayAnyadoJjayinyAM vikramAdityena vatsara: pravartayitumArebhe / ' vahI, pR0 8 3. de. vahI pR0 3, 4, 22, 23, 26 / / 4. 'iyaM gurjaradharA vanarAjaprabhRtibhirnarendraH saptamizcApotkaTavaMzyaH SaNNavatyadhikaM zataM varSANAM bhuktA / ' vahI, pR0 101 5. praci, pR0 14-15; tathA de0 pAhinAijaiso, pR0 206 va Age / 6. de0 prako, pR0 5 / 7. vahI, pR0 130 va pR0 132 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 147 prayoga kiye haiM jinase usake kAla ke samakAlika itihAsa kI jhalaka mila jAtI hai| ___ samAja meM kAla-mApana aitihAsika parivartanoM ke sAtha vikasita aura parivartita hotA rahatA hai| pahale-pahala kAla kA mApana prAkRtika ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para hotA thaa| kAlAntara meM prasiddha rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla athavA kisI viziSTa vyakti ke kriyA-kalApoM se kAlagaNanA kI jAne lgii| udAharaNa ke liye rAjazekhara vastupAla ke mantrI-pada ke gaurava kA varNana karane ke bAda kahatA hai-~-"tatpazcAt vikramAditya se 1298 varSa vyatIta ho gye|" tadanusAra 1241 I0 kI tithi prApta hotI hai jo rAjA vikramAditya ke rAjya-kAla se gaNanA karake nikAlI gayI hai| - rAjazekhara ne mahAvIra ke nirvANa-kAla ( 527 I0 pU0 ) ko bhI AdhAra mAnA hai| rAjazekhara ne vIra saMvatsara kA prayoga karate hue kahA hai ki zrIvIra ke mokSagamana se 64 varSa pazcAt caramakevalI jambU svAmI ko siddhi prApta huI aura sthUlabhadra ko svarga gaye 170 varSa vyatIta hue|' mahAvIra kA mokSagamana 527 I0 pU0 mAnane se jambU svAmI kI siddhi prApti ( mokSa ) tithi 463 I0 pU0 ThaharatI hai| sthUlabhadra ke svarga-gamana kI tithi usake 170 varSoM bAda 293 I0 ho jAtI hai / sAtavAhana prabandha meM rAjazekhara ne kAlakrama kA tulanAtmaka varNana kiyA hai ki mahAvIra kI mRtyu ke 470 varSa bAda ( tadanusAra 527 I0 pU0 = 470 + 57 I0 pU0 ) vikramAditya rAjA huaa| rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki tatkAlIna sAtavAhana rAjA usI pratipakSa meM utpanna huaa|' rAjazekhara dvArA vikramAditya ko pradatta 57 I0 pU0 1. vahI, pR0 36 va pR0 42 / / 2. vahI, pR0 127 / 3. de. kalyANavijaya : vIra nirvANa saMvat aura. jaina kAla-gaNanA, nA0 pra0 patrikA, bhAga 10, saM0 1986, pR0 584 aura aage| 4. prako, pR0 53 / / 5. "zrIvIre zivaM gate 470 vikramArko rAjA tatkAlIno'yaM sAtavAhana statpratipakSatvAt / " vikramAditya kI 57 I0 kI tithi ke liye de. vikrau /

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148 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana sahI hai, jisake sAtha hI sAtha vaha mahAvIra kI mRtyu aura vikramAditya ke rAjyArohaNa ke bIca 470 varSa kA jo antarAla batAtA hai vaha bhI saTIka hai / rAjazekhara ke kAlakrama kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki usane mahAvIra - nirvANa ke atirikta nemi nirvANa ko kAla-mApana kA AdhAra mAnA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki "neminAtha ke nirvANa se ATha sahasra varSa vyatIta ho cuke the / usI samaya paTTamahAdeva nAmaka atizaya jJAnI navahullapattana ( nauzaharA, kazmIra ) meM rahate the / " rAjazekhara ne yahA~ para kAla-mApana meM truTi kI hai aura atizayoktipUrNa varNana kiyA hai / ATha sahasra varSa vAlA kAlakrama Alocya hai / rAjazekhara mallavAdi prabandha meM valabhIbhaGga kI 375 vi0 saM0 ( 318 I0 ) tithi pradAna karatA hai / yaha tithi vizvasanIya nahIM pratIta hotI hai kyoMki cauthI zatAbdI meM arabI yA turka mleccha bhArata meM nahIM Aye the / valabhI bhaMga kI ghaTanA khalIphA hAruna razIda ke gaddI para baiThane ( 789 I0 ) ke bAda huI hogI jisane salIma yUnUsI ko alamaMsUra (siMdha kI araba rAjadhAnI kA gavarnara niyukta kiyA thA jo cAra varSoM ( 786 - 90 I0 ) taka gavarnara rahA bhI thA / ataH mleccha rAjA kI pahacAna salIma yUnusI se hI kI jAnI cAhiye / isa taraha vi0 saM0 845 ( 788 I0 ) meM valabhI-bhaMga huA, yaha eka 1. prako, pR0 93 / 2. de0 pUrvavarNita adhyAya 5, aiti0 tathya, ratnazrAvakaprabandha / sampA0 jinavijaya kI bhUla se mUla ke koSThaka meM jo galata hai / tulanA kIjiye praci, pR0 108-109; vitIka, pR0 29 / 3. prako, pR0 23, 573 likhA hai, pusa, pR0 83 4. bAkhtrI - yavana, zaka, pahlava, kuSANa Adi kI pahacAna mleccharAja se nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki inake AkramaNoM ke bAda hI 318 I0 taka gupta sAmrAjya kI nIMva par3a cukI thI / isameM sandeha nahIM ki licchaviyoM ko manu- saMhitA meM vrAtya kSatriya ( nimnakoTi kA kSatriya ) aura kaumudI mahotsava ( 340 I0 ) meM mleccha kahA gayA hai, phira bhI licchavi mleccha nahIM hai / prAyaH musalamAnoM ko hI mleccha kahA jAtA rahA hai /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 149 aitihAsika tathya hai| parantu rAjazekhara ne bappabhaTTisUri prabandha, vastupAla prabandha tathA granthakAra prazasti meM jo tithiyA~ pradAna kI haiM ve sUkSmAtisUkSma kAlakrama ke namUne haiN| inameM saMvatsara, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, nakSatra aura vAra taka diye hue haiM / bappabhaTTisUri prabandha meM aisI sUkSma rIti se vaha tIna tithiyoM ke ullekha karatA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki bappabhaTTisUri kA janma vikramAditya se 800 varSa ( tadanusAra 743 I0 ) bIta jAne para bhAdrapada zukla tRtIya ravivAra ke hasta-nakSatra meM huaa|' vikramAditya ke kAla se ATha sau saMvatsara se sAta adhika (vi0 saM0 807 tadanusAra 750 I. ) vyatIta ho jAne para vaizAkha mAha zakla pakSa tRtIyA guruvAra ko siddhasenAcArya sUrapAla ( bappabhaTTi ) ko lekara moDheraka gaye tathA vikrama saMvat meM ATha sau para gyAraha ( vi. saM. 811 tadanusAra 754 I. ) bIta jAne para caitya mAha kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI ke dina bappabhaTTisUri hue|' ye donoM tithiyA~ sahI pratIta hotI haiM kyoMki eka to inameM varSa, mAha, pakSa, tithi aura vAra taka ke sUkSma ullekha haiM jisase kama se kama saMvatsara ke truTipUrNa hone kI kama sambhAvanA hai aura dUsare prabhAvakacarita dvArA pradatta sUkSma kAlakrama se ukta dUsarI va tIsarI tithiyoM kA anumodana ho jAtA hai| pahalI tithi kI bhI 1. jaipai, pR0 393-400 meM isI tithi ko mAnyatA dI gayI hai| vistRta vivaraNa ke lie de0 iNDiyana hisTorikala kvArTaralI, 1947 bhii| 2. "zrIbappabhaTTisUrINAM zrIvikramAdityAdaSTazatavarSeSu gateSu bhAdrapade zukla tRtIyAyAM ravidine hastakSaijanma "" ... " prako, pR0 45 / 3. "zatASTake vatsa rANAM gate vikramakAlataH / saptAdhike rAdhazuklatRtIyAdivase gurau // " prako, pR0 27 tulanA kIjiye prabhAca, pR0 80, zloka 28 / 4. "ekAdazadhike tatra jAte varSazatASTake / vikramAtso bhavatsUriH kRSNacaitrASTamIdine / " prako, pR0 29 tulanA kIjiye prabhAca, pR0 83, zloka 115 / 5. de. pUrvokta Ti0 121 va 122 /

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150 1 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana vizvasanIyatA bar3ha jAtI hai kyoMki ukta tithi kA varNana karane ke tatkAla bAda rAjazekhara ne bappabhaTTi ke svargArohaNa kA sthUla kAlakrama diyA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki taba se paJcAnave varSa adhika ho jAne para ( tadanusAra 838 I0 meM ) bappabhaTTi ne svargArohaNa kiyaa| yadi rAjazekhara ko koI kalpita kAlakrama denA hotA to bappabhaTTi kI janmatithi kI taraha nidhana - tithi kA bhI sUkSmAtisUkSma varNana kara detA / isase siddha hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ko kevala vahI sUkSma tithiyA~ denA abhISTa thA jinakA use saTIka jJAna thA / 12 rAjazekhara ne sUkSma kAlakrama kA dUsarA udAharaNa vastupAla prabandha meM prastuta kiyA hai / jvara se pIr3ita vastupAla kahatA hai - " maladhArI naracandrasUri kA nidhana bhAdravadi 10 ke dina saMvat 1287 ( tadanusAra 1230 I0 ) meM huA thA / svarga-gamana ke samaya hama logoM se kahA thA ki Apa 1298 varSa ( tadanusAra 1241 I0 ) meM svargArohaNa kareMge / ' vastupAla ke nidhana kI ukta tithi ( 1298 vi0 saM0 ) ko rAjazekhara ne bala pradAna kiyA hai kyoMki ukta tithi ke sambandha meM naracandrasUri ne pUrva ghoSaNA kara dI thI jinakI vANI meM siddhi-sampannatA rahI / kintu samakAlIna sAkSya vasanta-vilAsa meM nidhana - tithi vi0 saM0 1296 ( tadanusAra 1239 I0) dI gayI hai jo sahI pratIta hotI hai / 1308 vikrama varSa ( tadanusAra 1251 I0 ) meM tejapAla bhI svarga cale gaye / " sUkSma kAlakrama kA tIsarA namUnA granthakAra - prazasti meM prApta hotA hai / rAjazekhara kahatA hai ki "zaragaganamanumitAbde ( 1405 ) meM 1. " naccanavatyAdhikeSu teSu gateSu svargArohaNam / " prako, pR0 45 / 2. zrInaracandrasUribhirmalladhAribhiH saMvat 1287 varSe bhAdrapadavadi 50 dine divaMgamasamaye vayamuktAH - mantrin ! bhavatAM 1298 varSo svargAroho bhaviSyati / " vahI, pR0 127-128 3. gAosI, saptama, sarga 14, pada 37 / 4. de0 pUrvavarNita adhyAya 5, aiti0 tathya 5. de0 vahI / " - vastupAlaprabandha |

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa-darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 151 jyeSTha mAsa zukla pakSa kI saptamI mUla nakSatra meM yaha zAstra racA gyaa|" isa kAlakrama meM do vizeSatAe~ haiM- eka to yaha sUkSmAtisUkSma tithi pradAna karatA hai aura dUsare isa sthala para viziSTa bhAratIya zailI meM tithi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 'zaragaganamanumitAbde' arthAt saMvatsara ko viparIta krama se par3hane para manu 14, gagana arthAt 0 (zUnya) aura zara 5 hote haiN| ataH grantha-racanA kI vi0 saM0 1405 kI tithi para vizvAsa karanA hI par3egA, kyoMki yaha svayaM granthakAra dvArA bar3I sUjha-bUjha aura AtmavizvAsa se pradAna kI gayI hai| isa prakAra prabandhakoza meM kAlakrama kI cAra paddhatiyA~ milatI haiM( a ) aGka-paddhati, ( ba ) zabda-paddhati. ( sa ) zabdAGka paddhati aura (da ) vizeSa zailI paddhati / isa grantha meM kucha kAlakramIya sUcanAe~ aGkoM meM evaM gadya rUpa meM milatI haiM / aGka-paddhati vAlI tithiyA~ kAlakrama ke vyAvahArika pakSa kA nirUpaNa karatI haiN| parantu prabandhakoza meM kucha tithiyA~ zabdoM meM evaM padya rUpa meM bhI milatI haiM jo kAlakrama ke saiddhAntika pakSa kA nirUpaNa karatI haiN| kucha aisI tithiyA~ bhI milatI haiM jo zabdoM aura aGkoM donoM meM eka sAtha dI gayI haiM / vastupAla prabandha meM kAlakrama kI tRtIya paddhati kA anugamana kiyA gayA hai aura granthakAra prazasti meM vizeSa zailI paddhati kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| hindU kAla-gaNanA meM pratyeka saMkhyA ke lie pRthak zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai|' 1. "zaragaganamanumitAbde (14.5) jyeSThAmUlIyadhavalasaptamyAm / niSpannamidaM zAstraM ... ... .."" prako, pR0 131 / 2. de0 pUrvavaNita adhyAya 3, grantha-racanA kAla / 3. de0 prako, pR0 118 / 4. de. vahI, pR0 131 / 5. jI0 eca0 dAmanta : iNDi0 eNTi0, ji0 4, janavarI, 1875, pR. 13 / dAmanta likhate haiM ki tithiyoM ko dAhine se bAe~ par3hanA cAhiye / unhoMne raMgapura ke bo?nakuTi mandira meM eka tithi ko khojA

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152 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana eka zabda kabhI-kabhI do saMkhyAoM kA bhI bodha karAtA hai, jaise 'zaragaganamanumitAbde' meM manu 14 kA bodha karAtA hai / isa prakAra kI kAlagaNanA paddhati kA anusaraNa merutuGga ne nahIM kiyA hai, parantu rAjazekharasUri ne kiyA hai / isa prakAra kAlakrama kI cAroM paddhatiyoM kA astitva yaha pradarzita karatA hai ki rAjazekhara kAlakramIya tathyoM kI saTIkatA ke prati adhika satarka thA / rAjazekhara ne kAlakrama ke sambandha meM kahIM-kahIM atyadhika sAvadhAnI baratI hai aura vikramI saMvatsara ko zabdoM aura aGkoM donoM meM eka sAtha pradAna kiyA hai / rAjazekhara carcA karatA hai ki " sAdhu pUnaDa ne zatruJjaya kI yAtrA bAraha sau tihattara (1273 ) meM bamberapura se tathA bAraha sau chiyAsI ( 1286 ) meM nAgapura se Arambha kI thI / " sAdhu pUnar3a kI zatruJjaya yAtrA ke sambandha meM zabdoM aura akoM donoM meM eka sAtha tithiyA~ pradAna kI gayI haiM parantu AdinAtha kI pratiSThA tithi kevala zabdoM meM dI gayI hai / "vikramAditya se ekasahasra ke Upara aTThAsI varSa vyatIta ho jAne para cAra sUriyoM dvArA AdinAtha kI pratiSThA kI gayI / " yahA~ para rAjazekhara ne jo zatruJjaya tIrthayAtrA kI tithi pradAna kI hai, vaha kevala zabdoM meM hai jo vi0 saM0 1088 tadanusAra 1031 I0 huI / phalataH rAjazekhara dvArA pradatta adhikAMza kAlakrama sAhityika va abhilekhIya srotoM se prApta vivaraNoM se prAyaH mela khAte haiM / jaba ina tithiyoM kA kisI anya grantha kI tithiyoM se sAmya ho to hameM aitihAsika dRSTi se inheM sahI mAna lenA cAhiye / ---- hai / ye zabda "yuga - dahana - -rasa-kSamA haiM, jo 1634 kI tithi pradAna karate haiM, kyoMki kSamA = pRthvI 1, rasa 6, dahana = kRtikA nakSatra 3 aura yuga 4 haiM / " 1. " tena prathamaM zrIzatruJjaye yAtrA trisaptatyadhikadvAdazazatavarSe ( 1273 ) bamberapurAt vihitA / dvitIya suratrANAdezAt SaDazItyadhike dvAdazazatasaGkhye ( 1286 ) varSe nAgapurAtkartumArabdhA / " prako, pR0 118 / 2. "vikramAdityAt sahasropari varSANAmaSThAzIto gatAyAM catubhiH sUribhirAdinAthaM pratyatiSThipat / " vahI, pR0 121 /

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rAjazekhara kA itihAsa darzana : kAraNatva, paramparA evaM kAlakrama [ 153 anta meM rAjazekhara pA~ca bahumUlya tithiyA~ pradAna karatA hai / vaha batAtA hai ki vi0 saM0 608 ( 551 I0 ) rAjA vAsudeva sapAdalakSIya cAhamAna vaMza meM huA / kintu isa tithi kI prAmANikatA siddha karane kA koI pakkA tulanAtmaka sAdhana nahIM hai / vIra pRthvIrAja ( tRtIya ) jo sapAdalakSa kA cAhamAnavaMzIya rAjA thA usane saM0 1236 ( 1178 I0 ) meM rAjya sa~bhAlA aura 1248 ( 1192 I0 ) meM mRta huA yaha tithi Aja taka sarvamAnya hai / sapAdalakSa ke cAhamAnavaMzIya 37 veM aura antima rAjA hammIradeva ne saM0 1342 ( 1285 I . ) meM rAjya sa~bhAlA aura 1358 ( 1301 I0 ) meM yuddhakSetra meM mRta huA / ' rAjazekhara dvArA pradatta tithi to sahI hai parantu hammIradeva sapAdalakSa kA cAhamAna na hokara raNathambhaura kA cAhamAna thA / " rAjazekhara dvArA pradatta tithiyoM ke kaI guNa haiM / prathamataH tithiyoM ke sambandha meM vaha vIra tathA vikrama saMvatsara donoM paddhatiyoM ko apanAtA hai / apane samaya se lagabhaga hajAra varSoM kI dUrI se vaha kAlakramIya sUcanA prApta karatA hai / hama logoM ko usase yaha AzA nahIM karanI cAhiye ki vaha yaha batAe ki usane kAlakramIya tathyoM ko kahA~ se ekatra kiyA hai / tRtIyataH rAjazekhara dvArA pradatta tithiyoM meM saTIkatA hai / cApotkaTa vaMzAvalI cAlukyarAja vaMzAvalI aura sapAdalakSIya cAhamAna vaMza kI rAjavaMzAvalI meM yaha saTIkatA spaSTa dIkha par3atI hai / kAlakrama meM saMvatsara, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, vAra, nakSatra Adi jaise sUkSmAtisUkSma vivaraNa diye rahate haiM / antataH rAjazekhara anaitihAsika kAlakrama ko apanAtA hI nahIM / usane koI bhI kalpita yA gar3hI huI tithi pradAna nahIM kI hai| vRddhavAdi - siddhasena ke bAre meM vaha likhatA to atyanta vistAra se hai kintu eka bhI tithi nahIM detA hai / yaha usakI ImAnadArI kA pratIka hai / kAlakrama ke binA bhArata ke na to atIta kI aura na vartamAna kI kalpanA sambhava hai | jitanI hI tithiyA~ hama prApta karate jAe~ge utane 1. de0 vahI, pR0 134 / 2. saMvat 1342 rAjyaM / 1358 yuddhe mRtaH / prako, pR0 134 tathA pAhinAijaiso, pR0 144 /

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154 - prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana hI mArga taya hote jaayeNge| yadi rAjazekhara dvArA vIra saMvat meM pradatta vikramAditya kI tithi (= 57 I0 pU0 ) ko chor3a diyA jAya to prabandhakoza ne vi0 saM0 375 ( = 318 I0 ) se vi0 saM0 1405 / = 1349 I0 ) taka lagabhaga eka hajAra tIsa varSoM kI ausatana kAlakramIya avadhi ko sampUrNa kiyA hai, jisake lie prabandhakAra kA prayAsa stutya hai| kAlakramIya dRSTikoNa se prabandhacintAmaNi ke bAda prabandhakoza hI anya sulabha jaina-prabandhoM meM akelA aisA udAharaNa hai jo prAyaH sahI aura sUkSma tithiyA~ pradAna karatA hai| yadyapi prabandhakoza kI katipaya tithiyA~ kucha mahInoM yA dinoM kI gaNanA meM truTipUrNa haiM, tathApi yaha sahaja niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki rAjazekhara jaina prabandhakAroM meM prathama lekhaka hai jisane kAlakrama ko itihAsa kA eka abhinna aMga mAnA hai aura usakA nirvAha bhI kiyA hai| ataH srota, sAkSya, kAraNatva, paramparA aura kAlakrama kI kasauTI para rAjazekhara kA prabandhakoza kharA utaratA hai aura usake itihAsadarzana kI jhalaka mila jAtI hai / 1. sTIna, oTo : prastAvika noTa, da jinisTa sTaDIja, (sampA0 ) jinavijaya, ahamadAbAda, 1948, pR0 pAcauM /

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adhyAya - 8 tulanAtmaka adhyayana tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM eka kRti kI usI bhASA yA anya bhASA kI dUsarI kRtiyoM se tulanA kI jAtI hai jisase eka grantha ke guNoM kA jJAna dUsare granthoM kA adhyayana karane se bar3ha jAtA hai / tulanA karane kA Azaya hai guNa, AkAra, vicAra, avataraNa Adi kI samatA aura viSamatA donoM kA mUlyAMkana karanA / pAzcAtya vidvAn TaoNnI ne jainaprabandhoM kI jaina-dharma ke prati rujhAna kI AlocanA kI hai / TaoNnI ke matAnusAra jaina- prabandhakAroM se thyUsIDiDiyana itivRtta athavA TaisiTasa jaisI paripakva buddhimattA kI AzA karanA vyartha hai / usane jaina itivRttakAroM ko madhyayuga ke yUropIya evaM arabI itivRttakAroM se nIce sthAna pradAna kiyA hai / " bhAratIya itihAsa granthoM aura itihAsakAroM para isa AkSepa ke do uttara haiM / eka to dharma kI mahattA kA varNana doSa nahIM mAnanA cAhiye, kyoMki jisa yuga meM inakI racanA huI vaha yuga hI aisA thA / brAhmaNa, zaiva, musalamAna aura IsAI granthakAroM ne bhI yahI kiyA / dUsare, ye pazcimI vidvAn madhyayugIna yUropIya va arabI itivRttoM ke viSaya meM adhika jAnate the, jabaki usa samaya taka na to pazcimI saMsAra ke sAmane adhikAMza jaina - prabandha prakAza meM Aye the aura na una para adhika zodha kArya hue the / kintu isa AkSepa kA sahI pratyuttara taba hI diyA jA sakatA hai jaba prabandhakoza kI anya jaina - prabandhoM, brAhmaNa itihAsa granthoM, muslima, arabI aura IsAI granthoM se tulanA kI jAya / samAna viSayaka abhya granthoM se prabandhakoza kI tulanA " " vistRta jaina- itihAsa kI racanA ke liye jina granthoM meM se viziSTa sAmagrI prApta ho sakatI hai unameM - ( 1 ) prabhAvakacaritra, 1. phAulara aiNDa phAulara : da kaoNnsAija oNksaphorDa DikzanarI oNfa kareNTa iMgliza, bambaI, 1983, pR0 191 / 2. praciTA, prastAvanA, pR0 paSTha |

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156 // prabandhakauza kA aitihAsika vivecana kalpa t ( 2 ) prabandhacintAmaNi, (3) prabandhakoza aura (4) vividhatIrthaye 4 grantha mukhya haiM / ye cAroM grantha paraspara bahuta kucha samAnaviSayaka haiM aura eka-dUsare kI pUrti karane vAle haiM / "" jainadharma ke aitihAsika prabhAva ko prakaTa karane vAle prAcInakAlIna prAyaH sabhI prasiddha vyaktiyoM kA thor3A-bahuta paricaya ina cAra granthoM ke saMkalita avalokana aura anusandhAna dvArA ho sakatA hai / prabandhakoza ina cAroM meM kAlakrama kI dRSTi se kaniSTha arthAt sabase bAda kA hai aura apane pahale ke ina tInoM prabandhoM kA RNI hai / isake kaI prakaraNa ukta granthoM se zabdazaH uddhRta kiye gae haiM, kaI tanika bhASA yA racanA meM parivartana karake likhe gae haiM, kaI padya se gadya meM avatarita kiye gae haiM aura kucha prabandha svatantra DhaMga se maulika rUpa meM bhI gU~the gae haiM / ataH yahA~ para ukta prabandha granthoM kI prabandhakoza se tulanA kI jAyegI, jisase prabandhakoza kI prakRti, praNAlI aura itihAsa - darzana para prakAza par3egA / ( 1 ) prabhAvaka carita --> prabhAvakacarita ( 1277 I0 ) ko 'pUrvaSicarita' bhI kahate haiM / yaha hemacandra ke pariziSTaparva kA eka prakAra se pUraka grantha hai / pariziSTaparva meM jambU se lekara vajrasvAmI taka carita diye gaye haiM aura prabhAvakacarita meM vajrasvAmI se hemacandra taka AcAryoM kI jIvaniyA~ dI gayI haiN| isameM vikrama kI pahalI zatAbdI se lekara 13vIM zatAbdI taka bAIsa AcAryoM ke carita varNita haiM / unameM prAcIna AcAryoM meM pAdalipta, siddhasena, mallavAdI, haribhadrasUri tathA bappabhaTTi ke carita ullekhanIya haiM / unameM harSavarddhana, pratIhAra samrAT Ama nAgAvaloka, bhoja paramAra, bhIma ( prathama ), siddharAja, kumArapAla Adi itihAsaprasiddha rAjAoM evaM bANa, vAkpati, mAgha, dhanapAla, vIrasUri, zAntisUri Adi ke bhI vivaraNa haiM / isameM hemacandrAcArya ke viSaya meM diyA 1. prabhAva, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 1; vittIka, prA0 nivedana, pR0 9; prako, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 1 / 20 de0 prako, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 2 / 3. de0 prabhAva, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 5 prako, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 2; jaisAbRti, pU0 205 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 157 gayA carita unake viSaya meM upalabdha sabhI caritoM se prAcIna kahA jA sakatA hai| prabandhakoza kI bhA~ti prabhAvakacarita kI sAmagrI apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM se tathA pracalita anuzrutiyoM (AkhyAnoM) se lI gaI hai| prabhAcandra ne apane uddezya meM sampUrNa saphalatA prApta kii| prabhAvakacaritakAra kA pradhAna uddezya apane samaya se pahale ke prabhAvazAlI jainAcAryoM kA caritra-gumphana karanA hai| aisA hI prabandhakozakAra ne bhI kiyA hai| racanA kI dRSTi se prabhAvakacarita uccakoTi kA hai| isakI bhASA prAvAhika aura prAsAdika hai| varNana susambaddha hai| 'kaviyoM aura prabhAvazAlI dharmAcAryoM kA aitihAsika varNana karane vAlA isa koTi kA aura dUsarA grantha samana saMskRta sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai|'3 prabhAvakacarita vAda-vivAda pratispardhA, jaina tIrthoM evaM mandiroM kA AvirbhAva jaina-samAja ke vikAsa-krama tathA tathyapUrNa itihAsa para prakAza DAlatA hai| prabandhakoza kI pradhAna-sAmagrI prabhAvakacarita se hI ekatrita kI gaI pratIta hotI hai| prabandhakoza meM bhadrabAhu, Aryanandila, jIvadeva, vRddhavAdi, AryakhapaTa, pAdalipta, siddhasena, mallavAdI, haribhadra, bappabhaTTi aura hemacandra sUri ke carita saMgRhIta haiN| prabhAvakacarita meM diye gae ina AcAryoM ke caritoM se tulanA karane para jJAta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ke sammukha ina AcAryoM ke caritaviSayaka anya koI saMgraha bhI rahA hogA jisase unhoMne AcAryaviSayaka prabandhoM ke lie kitanI sAmagrI saMgRhIta kI hai, kyoMki ina AcAryoM ke caritoM meM kaI aisI bAte haiM jo prabhAvakacarita meM nahIM milatI aura prabhAvakacarita kI kaI bAteM isameM nahIM miltiiN| prabandhakozakAra ne prabhAvakacarita ke 22 AcAryoM meM se 9 AcAryoM ko cunakara apane prabandhakoza kA viSaya bnaayaa| 1. de0 prabhAca, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 5 / 2. de0 prako, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 2 / 3. vahI, pR0 6 / 4. prabhAca, prA0 vaktavya, pR06|

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156] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana ___ sAtavAhana aura nAgArjuna ke kucha vivaraNa pAdaliptasUri ke caritAntargata milate haiM aura kucha vikramAditya viSayaka prasaGga vRddhavAdi sUri prabandha meM milate haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki rAjazekharasUri ne prabhAvakacarita se yatheSTa sAmagrI lI hai| rAjazekhara ne jina dasa AcAryoM ke varNana kiye haiM, unameM se nau ke vivaraNa prabhAvakacarita ke AdhAra para kiye gae haiN| prathama prabandha bhadrabAhuvarAha kA varNana karate samaya prabhAvakacarita kI sahAyatA nahIM lI gayI hai| (2) prabandhacintAmaNi baDhavAna ( surendranagara gujarAta ) ne prabandhacintAmaNi kA samApana 1305 I0 meM tathA dillI ne prabandhakoza kA praNayana 1349 I0 meM dekhaa| "cAhe merutuGgasUri ko itihAsa ke AtmA kA divya darzana huA ho yA na huA ho, para isameM koI zaka nahIM ki unakA yaha granthalekhana, sacamuca itihAsa-darzana kI eka aspaSTa para sUkSma kalA ke AbhAsa kA uttama sUcana karatA hai|"' granthArambha meM vaha kahatA hai ki 'bArambAra sunI jAne ke kAraNa purAnI kathAyeM buddhimAnoM ke mana ko vaisA prasanna nahIM kara paatiiN| isaliye maiM nikaTavartI satpuruSoM ke vRttAntoM se isa prabandhacintAmaNi grantha kI racanA kara rahA huuN|" granthAnta meM merutuGga kA Azaya hai ki usane zAstroM ko naSTa hone se bacAne ke lie prabandhacintAmaNi kI racanA kii| rAjazekhara dvArA grantha-racanA ke uddezya isase milate-julate haiN|' prabandhakoza meM ullikhita dasa vyaktiyoM ke vivaraNa prabandhacintAmaNi meM milate haiM jinameM se cAra AcArya, cAra rAjA aura do rAjamAnya jaina gahastha haiN| 1. praciddhi, prA0 vaktavya / 2. bhRzaM zrutatvAnna kathAH purANAH prINanti cetAMsi tathA budhAnAm / vRttastadAsannasatAM prabandhacittAmaNigranthamahaM tanomi // 6 // praci, pR0 1 / 3. vahI, pR0 125, zloka 1 / 4 de0 pUrvavaNita adhyAya 3 meM 'racanA-uddezya' upazIrSaka /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 159 prabandhacintAmaNi ke varNana saMkSipta aura sAmAsika zailI meM haiM jabaki prabandhakoza ke tanika vistRta aura vizleSaNAtmaka haiM / rAjazekhara ne aneka navIna bAtoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| hemacandrasUri ke jIvana ke sambandha meM jo-jo bAteM prabandhacintAmaNi grantha meM likhI gaI haiM, unakA varNana rAjazekhara nahIM karanA cAhatA, balki usake atirikta kucha navIna prabandha hI kahanA cAhatA hai / " vastupAlaprabandha meM prabandhacintAmaNi kI apekSA caulukya- cAhamAna saMgharSa, mantripariSada, pariSada sadasya, koSAgAra, maNDala - siddhAnta, vividha prakAra ke kheloM, kumArapAla - AnAka sambandha, kAlakramoM aura kAraNatva kI viziSTa aura vizvasanIya vAtoM kA saGkalana kiyA huA avazya milatA hai / parantu prabandhacintAmaNi ke bhoja-bhIma prabandha meM bhojaparamAra ke sAtha bANa, mayUra, mAnatuGga mAgha Adi kA samakAlInatva jor3A gayA hai, jo sarvathA bhrAnta aura nirAdhAra hai / " chaThIM zatAbdI kA mahAn jyotiSAcArya varAhamihira binA kisI jhamele ke cauthI zatAbdI I0 pU0 ke nandarAjA kA samakAlIna banA diyA gayA hai / "" kAlakrama sambandhI aisA bhayaMkara doSa prabandhakoza ke eka bhI sthala para nahIM hai / jahA~ taka atimAnavIya va daivI tatvoM kA prazna hai donoM hI granthoM meM inake yatra-tatra ullekha milate haiM / prabandhacintAmaNi aura prabandhakoza ke gadyoM aura padyoM donoM meM samAnatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM / dIkSAkAla meM siddhasena kA nAma kumudacandra rakhA gayA thA jo 'siddhasena divAkara' nAma se prasiddha hue / prabandhakoza kA vAda - vAda-vivAda varNana prabandhacintAmaNi ke varNana para AdhArita hai / rAjazekhara ko yaha jAnakArI ki 'kumudacandra' digambara thA merutuGga se prApta huI / mallavAdi prabandha rAjazekharasUri kA ekamAtra 1. jinavijaya ( sampA0 ), prako, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 2 va prako, pR0 47 tathA praciddhi, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 ka / 2. jinavijaya prako, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 2 tathA prako, pR0 101-130 / 3. praciddhi, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 6 / 4. viNTaranitja, hiili, pR0 520 / 5. tulanA kIjiye prako, pR0 15 17 aura praci, pR0 66-68 /

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160 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana aisA prabandha hai jo padya meM Abaddha hai| parantu prabandhacintAmaNi se viSaya-vastu grahaNa karate hue ukta prabandha ko padyAkAra banAne ke lie rAjazekhara ne isa prabandha ko nayA rUpa pradAna karane kA prayatna kiyA rAjazekhara ne sAtavAhanoM para prabandhacintAmaNi kI apekSA adhika vistRta aura sUcanAparaka prabandha likhA / prabandhacintAmaNi meM vikramAditya rAjA ke vivaraNa ke bAda sAtavAhana rAjA kA prabandha diyA haA hai jo kAlakramIya doSa hai| isakA prakSAlana rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza meM sAtavAhana ke pazcAt vikramAditya kA ullekha karake kiyA hai|' prabandhacintAmaNikA vikramArkarAjo kA prabandha choTA hai aura tathya-galpa mizrita hai| prabandhakoza meM isa vivaraNa ko rocaka banAyA gayA hai| cAroM kASTha putaliyoM kI vyaMgAtmaka ha~sI aura unake mAdhyama se itivRtta kA varNana kutUhala kI abhivRddhi karatA hai| rAjazekhara ne vikramAditya ke isa prabandha ko citramAtra arthAt kAlpanika ghoSita kara aitihAsika nyAya kA paricaya diyA hai| nAgArjuna se sambandhita donoM granthoM ke prabandhoM ke AkAra, viSayavastu aura varNana-zailI meM samAnatA to hai parantu zabda-racanA utanI mela nahIM khAtI hai, jitanA prabandhacintAmaNi aura vividhatIrthakalpa meM / phira bhI isa mAnyatA ko dRSTagata rakhanA hI par3atA hai ki prAkRta se saMskRta anuvAda karate samaya rAjazekhara ne prabandhacintAmaNi ke ukta grantha ko bhI, jo saMskRta meM likhA huA hai, apane samakSa avazya rakhA hogaa| prabandhakozAntargata lakSaNasena tathA Abhar3a ke prabandha prabandhacintAmaNi vAloM kI apekSA AkAra meM adhika vistRta aura tathyaparaka haiN| 1. tulanIya prako, pR0 21-23 aura praci, pR0 106-107 / 2. de0 prako, pR0 78-84 tathA praci, pR0 1-10 / 3. tulanIya prako, pR0 84-86 tathA praci, pR0 119-120 / isI adhyAya meM Age de0 Ti0 42 bhii| 4. tulanIya prako, pR0 88.90, 97-100 tathA praci, pR0 112-113, pR0 69-70 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 161 parantu prabandhacintAmaNi ke vastupAlaprabandha se prabandhakoza kA antima prabandha bahuta hI vistRta hai|' niHsandeha prabandhakoza kA yaha sarvAdhika bar3A prabandha tIsa bRhadAkAra pRSThoM kA hai| rAjazekhara ne AsarAja dvArA kumAradevI ke apaharaNa aura usase vivAha, usakI kukSi se vastupAla-tejapAla ke janma-vRttAnta, mantrI banane, deza-bhramaNa, vAmanasthalI aura paJcagrAma ke yuddha, vIradhavala ke yuddha-darzana, senA ke yojanAbaddha prayANa, gujarAta kI nRpAvalI, itihAsazAstrIya dRSTi se aneka paramparAoM ke varNana, mlecchoM ke abhiyAnoM Adi ke savistara varNana kiye haiN| ___ prabandha-cintAmaNi kI taraha prabandhakoza meM anya dharmoM ke viSaya kI bAteM utane hI Adara se likhI gaI haiM jitane apane dharma kii| mUlarAjaprabandha meM zivapUjA ke prabhAva aura zaivAcArya kaMthaDI kI tapa-mahimA kA varNana kisI jinapUjA yA jainAcArya ke varNana se kama Adarayukta nahIM hai|' isI taraha siddharAja kI mA~ mayaNallA kI zivabhakti kA varNana bhI niSpakSa-bhAva se ota-prota hai| rAjazekhara kA bhI dRSTikoNa dharmanirapekSatA se paripUrNa hai| parantu prabandhacintAmaNi ke sabhI prabandha aitihAsika nahIM haiM jabaki prabandhakoza ke sabhI ( caubIsoM) prabandha aitihAsika haiM, kyoMki vaGkacUlaprabandha aura ratnazrAvakaprabandha kI aitihAsikatA sthApita kI jA cukI hai / prabandhacintAmaNi ke antima prakAza ke puNyasAra, karmasAra, vAsanA, 5-7 prabandha aise haiM, jo paurANika DhaMga ke kathAtmaka rUpa haiN| unameM aitihAsikatA khoja nikAlanA nirarthaka hai| prabandhacintAmaNi ke vikramArka tathA sAtavAhana rAjA ke vivaraNa kA nAmoM ke alAvA kahAnI kI apekSA anya koI adhika mahatva nahIM hai| bhUyarAja prabandha meM usake astitva ke viSaya kA abhI taka koI aitihAsika pramANa upalabdha nahIM huA hai| jinavijaya ne prabandhakoza ke prAstAvika vaktavya meM spaSTa kahA hai 1. tulanIya prako, pR0 101-130 tathA praci, pR0 98-105 / 2. de0 praci, pR0 18 / 3. de0 vahI, pR0 57-58 / 11

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162 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 'ki rAjazekharasUri ne prabhAvakacarita meM se utanI vastu nahIM lI jitanI prabandha - cintAmaNi meM se lI hai / " kintu tInoM granthoM ke vibhinna prabandhoM kI paraspara tulanA se tathA sambaddha tAlikA kA adhyayana karane se jinavijaya kA mata sahI nahIM pratIta hotA hai / vastutaH rAjazekhara ne prabandhakozAntargata prabhAvakacarita se adhika grahaNa kiyA hai, prabandhacintAmaNi se kama / isakA kAraNa eka to yaha hai ki prabhAvakacarita prabandhacintAmaNi se adhika prAcIna hai / dUsare, gadya kI apekSA padya ko smaraNa rakhanA aura uddhRta karanA adhika sarala hotA hai / tIsare, prabhAvaka-carita kI apekSA prabandha- cintAmaNi bahucarcita aura adhika lokapriya rahI hogI / ataH usameM se pratyakSataH uddhRta karane para kAvya-haraNa kA spaSTa doSAropaNa ho jAtA / ' tIna dRSTiyoM se rAjazekhara kA prabandhakoza prabandhacintAmaNi kA pUraka grantha hai / eka to jina-jina sUriyoM, kaviyoM aura rAjAoM ke bAre meM prabandha - cintAmaNi meM nahIM likhA gayA yA kama likhA gayA, unake bAre meM rAjazekhara vistAra se likhatA hai / dUsare, prabandhacintAmaNi meM gujarAta ke caulukyoM ke sAtha merutuGga ne paramAroM kA varNana kiyA to rAjazekharane unake sAtha cAhamAnoM kA varNana kiyA / antataH gujarAta ke caulukyoM kA vizada varNana karane ke pazcAt prabandhacintAmaNi meM vAgheloM kA atyanta saMkSipta vivaraNa hai / jahA~ para merutuGga vAgheloM kA itihAsa chor3atA hai vahA~ se rAjazekhara usa sUtra ko pakar3akara vAgheloM ke itihAsa kA vistRta varNana karatA hai / isa prakAra prabandhako prabandhacintAmaNi kA pUraka grantha hai / (3) purAtana prabandha saMgraha 'purAtana prabandha saMgraha ' prabandhacintAmaNi granthAgata prabandhoM ke sAtha sambandha aura samAnatA rakhane vAle 63 prAcIna prabandhoM kA viziSTa saMgraha hai / ina prabandhoM ke kucha prakaraNa aise haiM jo prabandhacintAmaNi meM to nahIM haiM lekina prabandhakoza meM haiM aura kaI prakaraNa donoM kI pUrti ke liye hI likhe gaye pratIta hote haiM / udAharaNArtha purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha 1. prako, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 2 | 2. de0 pracidvi, prA0 vaktavya, pu0 ka kha /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 163 ( bI prati ) ke pAdaliptAcArya prabandha' aura ratnazrAvakaprabandha rAjazekharasUri ke prabandhakoza ke haiM / ataeva ye prabandha utane purAtana nahIM haiM / prathama prabandha ko to purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai kintu dUsare prabandha ke anta meM ullekha hai ki "ratnazrAvakaprabandho visarjitAH (taH ) zrIrAjazekharasUribhirmaladhArigacchIyai viracitaH / " ataH prakAzita purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM punarAvRtti bacAne ke lie ratnazrAvakaprabandha ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai / ina donoM prabandhoM ke atirikta purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ke vikramAditva aura kumArapAla ke kucha prakaraNa aise haiM jinakA prabandhakoza meM Aye tatsambandhI prakaraNoM se bahuta ghaniSTha sAmya dikhAI detA hai / ve prabandhakoza aura purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM zabdoM aura tathyoM donoM prakAra se prAya: samAna pratIta hote haiM kintu bhinna-bhinna racayitAoM dvArA likhe gaye haiM kyoMki prabandhakoza kI apekSA purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha vAle prakaraNoM kI racanA apekSAkRta adhika purAtana hai / isake do kAraNa ho sakate haiM / eka to yaha ki purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ke ina donoM prakaraNoM kI bhASA adhika laukika, pariSkAravihIna aura zithila hai, jabaki prabandhakoza meM yahI bhASA pariSkRta aura parimArjita rUpa meM hai / dUsare, rAjazekhara apane se pUrva vidyamAna kRtiyoM meM se aise kaI prakaraNa akSarazaH athavA tanika parivartana karake prabandhakoza meM uddhRta aura AtmasAt kara letA hai / ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki rAjazekhara sUri ne kiMcit bhASA-saMskAra karake ina donoM prakaraNoM ko prabandhakoza meM sanniviSTa kara liyA hogA / 1. puprasa, pR0 92-95 / 2. puprasa, prA0 vaktavya, pR0 4 va pR0 8 / 3. jinavijaya ( sampA0 ), puprasa, prAstAvika vaktavya, pR0 7 / 4. kadAcit rAjazekharasUri ke pahale kisI anya lekhaka ne ina donoM prakaraNoM ko kisI prathamAbhyAsI vidyArthI ke paThanArtha bahuta sIdhI-sAdI bhASA meM likhA aura tadanantara rAjazekharasUri ne ukta prakaraNoM meM saMzodhana - parimArjana kiyA ho /

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164 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prabandhoM aura prakaraNoM kI zabdagata aura tathyagata sAdRzyatA prabandhacintAmaNi aura purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM bhI dIkha par3atI hai, "yadyapi vaha samAnatA prabandhakoza ke jitanI vipula aura vizeSa rUpa meM nahIM hai|" rAjazekharasUri ke race hue pUrvokta pAdaliptAcArya aura ratnazrAvaka nAmaka donoM prabandhoM kI bhASA prabandhacintAmaNi ke prabandhoM kI bhASAse alaga pratIta hotI hai| prabandhakozAgata kula 40 padya aise haiM, jo zabdazaH purAtanaprabandhasaGgraha meM bhI pAye jAte haiN|| purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha (bI prati ) meM udayananRpa prabandha upalabdha hotA hai jo rAjazekharasUri racita prabandhakoza ke tadviSayaka prabandha se prAyaH zabdazaH milatA hai| ataH prabandhakoza meM upalabdha hone ke kAraNa purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM punarmudrita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / sambhava hai ki prabandhakozakAra ne yaha prabandha bhI purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha se uparilikhita kAraNavazAt hI nakala kara liyA ho, yadyapi kucha pATha-bheda avazya hai| purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ke vastupAla-tejapAlaprabandha' ke nAma dekhane se to aisA bhrama utpanna hotA hai ki yaha vahI prabandha hogA jo prabandhakoza ke antima bhAga meM grathita hai|' isa saMzaya kA kAraNa yaha hai ki purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha kI kevala eka ( pIesa ) prati meM yaha prabandha upalabdha hai aura isa prabandha kI svataMtra pratiyA~ kahIM-kahIM dRSTigocara hotI haiN| lekina prati kA pratyakSa avalokana karane para vidita huA ki purAtanapravandhasaMgraha kA yaha vastupAla-tejapAla-prabandha rAjazekharakRta prabandha se sarvathA bhinna hai| 1. jinavijaya ( sampA0 ) puprasa, prAstAvika vaktavya, pR0 7 / 2. vahI, pR0 14, Ti0 1 / 3. prako, pR0 86-88 / 4. puprasa, pR0 53-78 / 5. prako, pR0 101-130 / 6. jinavijaya ( sampA0 ) puprasa, prAstAvika vaktavya, pR0 24 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 165 itanA hI nahIM purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ke isa prabandha ke racayitA kA uddezya to vizeSakara kevala unhIM bAtoM ko saMgraha karanA hai, jo prabandhakozagata vastupAla-tejapAla prabandha meM anullikhita rahIM haiN| "isa bAta kA ullekha prabandha-praNetA ne svayaM prakaraNa ke prArambha hI meM 'atha zrIvastupAlasya 24 prabandhamadhye yannAsti tadatra kiJcillikhyate', yaha paMkti likhakara kiyA hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isakA praNayana ( sambhavataH 1440 I. ke AsapAsa ) rAjazekharakRta prabandha ke pazcAt huA hogA / ataH donoM granthoM meM viSaya-sAmagrI kA vinimaya huA hai| (4) vividhatIrthakarUpa jinaprabhasUri racita 'vividhatIrthakalpa' yA 'kalpapradIpa' jaina aitihAsika aura bhaugolika sAhitya kI eka amUlya nidhi hai| jainasAhitya meM isa prakAra kA koI dUsarA grantha abhI taka jJAta nahIM huA hai| vividhatIrthakalpa meM jainoM ke prAcIna aura prasiddha tIrthasthaloM kA varNana hai, jisameM kula 62 kalpa ( adhyAya ) haiN| vividhatIrthakalpa ke vibhinna pravandha saMskRta aura prAkRta, gadya aura padya, donoM meM bhinna-bhinna samaya aura bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM meM likhe gaye haiM jisase inameM kisI prakAra kA vyavasthita krama nahIM raha skaa|' grantha meM Aye vibhinna sthAna gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, uttara pradeza, paMjAba, rAjapUtAnA aura mAlavA, avadha aura bihAra, dakSiNa, karnATaka Adi meM par3ate haiN| pITarsana kI bambaI kSetra kI riporTa meM vividhatIrthakalpa kA paricaya diyA gayA thaa| kAlAntara meM e0 pI0 paNDita tathA vyulara ne bhI isakA upayoga kiyaa| prabhAvakacarita aura prabandhacintAmaNi se jitanI sAmagrI prabandhakoza meM lI gaI hai usase kahIM adhika vastu vividhatIrthakalpa se lI gaI hai| ukta prathama do granthoM se to pradhAnatayA vastu aura vaktavya kA hI 1. jinavijaya ( sampA0 ) puprasa, prAstAvika vaktavya, pR0 24 / 2. vitIka, prA. nivedana, pR0 1 / 3. draSTavya, pITarsana : e phortha riporTa oNpha oNparezana ina sarca oNfa saMskRta mainyuskripTsa ina da bAmbe sakila, 1886-92 /

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166 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, lekina tIrthakalpa se to kucha pUre ke pUre kalpa ( prabandha ) hI, zabdazaH uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / sAtavAhanaprabandha, vaGkacUlaprabandha aura nAgArjuna - prabandha - ye tInoM prakaraNa tIrthakalpa kI pUrI nakala haiN| usameM sAtavAhana kA prakaraNa pratiSThAnapurakalpa' ( kramAMka 33-34, pRSThAMka 59-64 ) meM hai, vaGkacUla kA vivaraNa DhIMpurItIrthakalpa ( kramAMka 43, pR0 81-83 meM hai, aura nAgArjuna kA vRttAnta stambhanakakalpaziloJcha ( kalpAMka 59, pR0 104 ) meM hai / vividha tIrthakalpa meM stambhanakakalpaziloJcha- prabandha prAkRta bhASA meM gUMthA huA hai jisako rAjazekhara ne zabdazaH saMskRta meM anUdita kara liyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jinaprabhasUri ne bhI yaha prakaraNa sambhavataH prabandhacintAmaNi' se saMskRta se prAkRta meM anuvAda karake likha liyA ho, kyoMki prabandhacintAmaNi aura vividhatIrthakalpa donoM meM zabda racanA prAyaH eka-sI hai / kintu jaba prabandhacintAmaNi ke ukta prabandha ( pR0 119-120 ) kI saMskRta bhASA kI tulanA prabandhakoza ke tadviSayaka prabandha ( pR0 84-86 ) kI saMskRta bhASA se kI jAtI hai taba yaha pratIta hotA hai ki donoM prabandhoM meM AkAra, viSaya-vastu aura varNana - zailI meM samAnatA to hai parantu zabda racanA utanA mela nahIM khAtI hai, jitanA prabandhacintAmaNi aura vividhatIrthakalpa meM / phira bhI prabandhakoza aura vividhatIrthakalpa meM viSaya-vastu, tathyoM evaM padoM kI sAmyatA atyadhika hai | (5) rAjataraMgiNI saMskRta sAhitya kI anUThI nidhi rAjataraMgiNI meM prArambhika kAla se 12vIM zatAbdI taka ke kazmIra kA itihAsa milatA hai jisameM lagabhaga 8000 saMskRta-padya haiM / saMskRta ke aitihAsika granthoM meM isakA 1. prabandhakozAgata sAtavAhana prabandha ke 89, 90 aura 91, ye tIna prakaraNa vitIka meM nahIM haiM / de0 vitIka, pR0 9 2. prakIrNaka prabandhAntargata nAgArjunotpatti-stambhanaka tIrthAvatAraprabandha, praci, pR0 119 - 120 tathA de0 isI adhyAya meM pUrvokta Ti0 21 / 3. hiili, bhAga 1, pR0 95 //

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 167 - sthAna sarvopari hai / ' kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI ke alAvA prAcIna yA madhyakAlIna bhAratIyoM ke pAsa koI aitihAsika grantha nahIM haiM - yaha AkSepa ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai / jaina itihAsa sambandhI Adhunika khojoM ne kalhaNa ke isa dAve kA khaNDana kara diyA hai ki vahI samUce prAcIna aura madhyakAlIna bhArata kA itihAsazAstrajJa thA / ' jainaprabandha granthoM meM aitihAsikatA atyadhika hai aura merutuGga kI prabandhacintAmaNi tathA rAjazekhara kA prabandhakoza kaI mAnoM meM kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI se bar3hakara hai / prabandhakoza ke srotoM, sAkSyoM, kAraNatva, paramparAoM, kAlakrama evaM usameM nihita itihAsa kI avadhAraNA se siddha hotA hai ki yaha grantha prabhUta aitihya sAmagrI pradAna karatA hai / kalhaNa ke itihAsa-lekhana kA uddezya thA 1. kazmIra ke rAjAoM kA saccA kAlakrama aura vaMzAnukrama pradAna karanA, 2 . pAThakoM ke cintana va manoraJjana ke liye AhAra pradAna karanA / rAjazekhara bhI inhIM udAtta uddezyoM ko lekara calatA hai kintu antara itanA hai ki vaha rAjanItika itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha dhArmika AcAryoM aura sAmAnyajanoM kA bhI itihAsa prastuta karatA hai / itihAsa kI avadhAraNA ke sambandha meM kalhaNa kahatA hai ki itihAsakAra kA uddezya bIte yuga ko kisI ke netroM ke sAmane sacitra karanA hotA hai / " saccA itihAsa aneka mahApuruSoM evaM itihAsakAroM ko amaratva pradAna karatA hai / usane svayaM apanI rAjataraMgiNI ko aitihAsika grantha batAne kI ceSTA kI hai aura usake anusAra usane isa grantha meM itihAsa likhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / " yadyapi kalhaNa dvArA nirdiSTa udAtta itihAsakAra ke lakSaNa grahaNIya haiM tathApi kaI sthAnoM para kalhaNa ne svayaM apane niyamoM kA ullaMghana kiyA hai kyoMki 1. byulara, riporTa 52vIM, pR0 66 / 2. hasana, mohibula ( sampA0 ) : hisToriensa oNpha meDivala iNDiyA, mInAkSI prakAzana, meraTha, 1968, pR0 gyArahavA~ / 3. de0 pUrvavaNita adhyAya 6 va 7 / 4. kalhaNa : rAjataraMgiNI, prathama, pada 4 / 5. vahI, pada 3 /

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160 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana vaha laukika nItizAstra ke matoM se adhika prabhAvita dIkha par3atA hai| kalhaNa ke itihAsa meM dharma aura naitikatA kI zikSA sannihita hai|' __ kalhaNa aura rAjazekhara donoM kI tathyoM evaM itihAsa ke srotoM taka pahu~ca thii| usakA grantha paramparAoM anuzrutiyoM aura abhilekhoM para AdhArita hai / kalhaNa ne mudrAoM evaM prAcIna smArakoM kA bhI adhyayana kiyA thA jo itihAsa ke pramukha srota mAne jAte haiN|' usane nIlamata purANa, kSemendra kI napAvali, helarAjakRta pArthIvAvali Adi kA sandarbha grahaNa kiyA hai / usane mahAbhArata, harSacarita, vikramAGkadevacarita tathA varAhamihira praNota bRhatsaMhitA kA vizeSa adhyayana kiyA thaa| 'kalhaNa ne apane grantha ko taiyAra karane meM prAcIna itivRttoM ke atirikta mandiroM ke zilAlekhoM, bhUdAna ke pramANapatroM, prazastipaTToM aura likhita zAstroM kA Azraya liyaa|" kalhaNa ne pratyakSadarziyoM ke vivaraNa bhI diye haiN| ____ isI taraha rAjazekhara ne bhI pUrva avasthita aneka jaina-ajaina granthoM ke alAvA paramparAoM kA prabhUta upayoga kiyA hai|' rAjataraMgiNI aura prabandhakoza donoM meM dharma-nirapekSatA pAyI jAtI hai / zaiva-dharma kA anuyAyI hote hue bhI kalhaNa ne bauddhoM, bodhisatvoM tathA jainoM ko Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA / kalhaNa ne azoka tathA anya bauddha zAsakoM kI aura unake dvArA maTha va stUpa-nirmANa kI prazaMsA kI hai| kahIM-kahIM bauddha bhikSuoM kI kaTTaratA ke prati vyaMgAtmaka svara uccArita karane se vaha apane ko roka bhI nahIM sakA hai| kalhaNa ke 1. viNTaranitsa, hiili, bhAga 1, pR0 86 / / 2. kItha, e0 bI0 : e hisTarI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara, 1920; pR0 162 / 3. buddhaprakAza : itihAsa-darzana, pR0 21; de0 siMha, raghunAtha ( bhASyakAra) kalhaNa : rAjataraMgiNI, vArANasI, 1969; prAkkathana, pR0 5 bhii| 4. de. vhii| 5. prasAda, esa0 ena0 : kathAsaritsAgara tathA bhAratIya saMskRti, prathama saMskaraNa, vArANasI, 1978, pR0 12 / 6. kalhaNa : rAjataraMgiNI, prathama, pada 184 / / .

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 169 anusAra eka sacce itihAsakAra kA prathama guNa taTastha mastiSka rakhanA hotA hai jo pUrvAgraha aura pakSapAtarahita ho| atIta kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana karate samaya itihAsakAra ko eka nyAyika kI bhA~ti rAgadveSarahita honA cAhiye / niSpakSatA ke sambandha meM rAjazekhara kalhaNa se kama nahIM hai / vyaktiyoM aura ghaTanAoM kA nispRha hokara mUlyAMkana karanA, aitihAsika vistAra meM saTIkatA, bhUgolazAstra, jyotiSa, Ayurveda ke gahana jJAna, vyaktiyoM, kaviyoM, rAjAoM evaM mantriyoM taka ke doSoM kA citraNa, ye kucha aise guNa haiM jinakA vicAra kara lene para Adhunika itihAsakAra rAjazekhara ko itihAsajJa kI zreNI meM rakha sakatA hai, parantu kalhaNa kA atyanta utsAhI prazaMsaka bhI eka kSaNa ke liye aisA dAvA nahIM kregaa| kalhaNa aura rAjazekhara donoM ke pAsa AlocanAtmaka mastiSka the / eka asAdhAraNa yogyatA, ati parizrama aura satya ke pratipAdana kI icchA se yukta hai to dUsarA diggaja vidvAn aura ati parizramazIla adhyetA thaa| kalhaNa ne suvrata aura kSemendra kI truTiyoM kA prakSAlana kiyA, unheM saMzodhita kiyA aura aneka vivaraNoM ko A~kha mUMda kara svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| rAjazekhara bhI prabandhacintAmaNi ke prabandhoM ko duharAnA nahIM cAhatA thA aura usane kucha aise vivaraNa diye haiM jo jaina-sammata nahIM the| rAjataraMgiNI aura prabandhakoza donoM ke doSoM meM bhI sAmya hai| kalhaNa meM aneka asaphalatAe~ aura apUrNatAe~ thiiN| rAjataraMgiNI kI prathama tIna taraGgoM evaM zeSa grantha meM eka vibhAjaka rekhA saralatApUrvaka khIMcI jA sakatI hai| prathama tIna taraGgoM ke prArambhika rAje adhikAMzataH paurANika haiM athavA vizvasanIya pramANoM se vaMcita haiN| Azcarya hai ki kalhaNa ne bhArata para sikandara ke AkramaNa, porasa ke sAtha yuddha, candragupta maurya, samudragupta, skandagupta, zazAMka, 'pulakezin tathA nAgabhaTTa ke ullekha nahIM kiye / dArzanikoM meM vaha zaMkarAcArya ko bhI bhUla gayA / pramukha gaNatantroM kA ullekha na honA eka samasyA khar3I kara 1. kalhaNa : rAjataraMgiNI, prathama, pada 7 / .. .

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1701 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana detA hai / donoM granthoM meM eka sAmAnya doSa yaha bhI pAyA jAtA hai ki unameM DAkinI-vidyA, camatkAra, daivavazAt, bhAgya ke khela, dAnavoM Adi ke bhI varNana A gaye haiN| eka bhAratIya kI bhA~ti kalhaNa kI pUrva karmoM ke phala meM aTUTa zraddhA thiiN| alaukika zaktiyA~, yakSa, kinnara tathA gandharvo ke astitva meM kalhaNa kA vizvAsa thaa| eka rAjA ke adhaHpatana meM mahatvapUrNa kAraka indrajAla yA brAhmaNa kA zApa batAyA gayA hai| dubhikSa IzvarIya icchA se par3ate haiN| sandhi-mAtA kI kathA aura bhI vicitra hai| DAineM AtI haiM aura usakI asthiyoM kA paJjara ikaTThA kara detI haiN| rAjA harSa ke patana meM usake graha pratikUla the| phalataH bhAgya usake pakSa meM na thaa| prabandhakoza meM bhI atimAnavIya zakti, betAla, dAnavoM, parakAyA-praveza-vidyA Adi ke vivaraNa diye hue haiM / kalhaNa aura rAjazekhara donoM ne karma aura punarjanma ke hindU siddhAntoM ke varNana kiye haiN| upadezAtmaka pravRtti ina donoM granthoM meM draSTavya hai| aise doSa madhyayugIna itihAsakAroM meM sAmAnya rUpa se pAye jAte the| ina donoM granthoM meM guNa-doSoM kA sAmya hote hue bhI yatheSTa antara hai| kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI ke bAda kazmIra meM usake barAbara kA yA aitihAsika kahA jAne vAlA koI grantha prakAza meM nahIM aayaa| parantu pravandhakoza ke pahale aura bAda meM usake nikaTa A sakane vAle kama se kama ekAdha darjana grantha prakAza meM Aye haiM jo aitihAsika kahe jA sakate haiM / gujarAta ke itihAsazAstra meM jayasiMha sUri ( 1360 I0 ) jinamaNDanagaNi ( 1436 I0) Adi ne pUrvavartiyoM kI aitihAsika anubhUti ko banAye rakhA aura kisI ne bhUgolazAstra meM to kisI ne sAMskRtika itihAsa meM pUrvavatiyoM ke dRSTikoNoM ko aura vikasita kiyaa| kintu kalhaNa ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke sambandha meM aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / jonarAja, zrIvara, prajJAbhaTTa aura zuka ne aitihAsika kramoM kI kalhaNa jaisI pakar3a nahIM pradarzita kii| 1. siMha, raghunAtha : kalhaNa, rAjataraMgiNI, prAkkathana, pR0 29 / 2. kalhaNa : rAjataraMgiNI, zloka 17-55 va 92 / 3. vahI, saptama taraMga, zloka 1715 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 171 dUsarA mahatvapUrNa antara yaha hai ki rAjataraMgiNI meM hama jyoM-jyoM purAtana vRttAntoM kI ora pIche jAte haiM tyoM-tyoM vivaraNa rUr3hivAdI aura paurANika hotA jAtA hai kintu jaise-jaise hama samakAlIna vRttAntoM kI ora bar3hate haiM kalhaNa kA vivaraNa sacce aitihAsika caritra kA hotA jAtA hai / kalhaNa kI apekSA rAjazekhara meM samakAlikatA kA abhAva hai / vastutaH samakAlika itihAsa likhane ke sambandha meM rAjazekhara apane ko bacAtA rahA jabaki kalhaNa samakAlIna vRttoM kA vizleSaNa karatA hai | jahA~ taka tithiyoM kA savAla hai rAjataraMgiNI ke pUrvavartI bhAga kA kAlakrama bhrAntimUlaka hai / azoka, kaniSka, toramANa, mihirakula, khiMgila Adi ke kAla galata diye gae haiN| raNAditya dvArA tIna sau varSoM taka zAsana karane kA kathana nitAnta azraddheya hai / yaha kathana isa bAta kA paricAyaka hai ki kalhaNa tithi ke ullekha ke prati kitanA udAsIna thA / kalhaNa ke AdhAra para yadi azoka maurya kI tithi kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAya to usakI tithi 1260 I0 pU0 hogI / parantu rAjazekhara deza ke sAtha-sAtha kAla ke prati bhI sajaga thA / usane kAlakramAnusAra rAjAoM kI zAsanAvadhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / vikrama aura vIra saMvat meM kAlakrama pradAna kiye haiM aura eka sthala para ina donoM saMvatsaroM kA tulanAtmaka ullekha taka kiyA hai / vikrama saMvat meM saMvatsara, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, vAra, nakSatra Adi taka kA sUkSma ullekha kiyA hai / kAlakramIya paddhati meM vaha kalhaNa se kAphI Age bar3ha jAtA hai / kalhaNa ne kabhI-kabhI rAjataraMgiNI ko manoraMjana kA srota banAne ke lie vigata ghaTanAoM kI saTIkatA ko tilAMjali de dI hai kintu rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza ko manoraJjaka banAne meM kisI siddhAnta kA tyAga nahIM kiyA hai / kalhaNa ne kevala kazmIra kA sthAnIya itihAsa likhA, kintu rAjazekhara ne cAra-pA~ca rAjyoM - gujarAta, mAlavA, kannauja, sapAdalakSa, dillI, baMgAla Adi ke bAre meM likhA aura apane itihAsa ko adhika vyApaka banAyA / yadyapi rASTrIya itihAsa kI 1. sTAina, e0 : kalhaNUsa rAjataraMgiNI, pR0 6 /

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172 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana koI avadhAraNA usa samaya nahIM thI, tathApi vividha rAjavaMzIya itihAsa kA praNayana svAbhAvika rUpa se zurU ho gayA thA / ataH prabandhakoza ne itihAsa ke kSetra ko vistRta kiyA / pradhAnataH gadya meM likhe hone ke kAraNa prabandhakoza meM aitihAsika tatvoM kA samAveza saralatA se huA hai aura yaha grantha itihAsa ke samIpa A jAtA hai / isa mAna meM rAjataraMgiNI pIche raha jAtI hai / prabandhakoza kI rAjataraMgiNI para zreSThatA eka aura bindu para sthApita hotI hai ki rAjazekhara ne sAmAnyajanIna itihAsa-lekhana kA zrIgaNeza kiyA aura usake itihAsa kI racanA kisI rAjAzraya meM nahIM huI thI / ( 6 ) madhyayugIna bhArata ke muslima grantha madhyayugIna bhArata meM sAhityika unnati ke sAtha-sAtha itihAsalekhana kI mahatvapUrNa prakriyA calatI rhii| prAcIna yUnAniyoM aura cIniyoM kI bhA~ti musalamAnoM ko bhI atIta jAnane kI jijJAsA thI / isa deza meM musalamAna phArasI itihAsa-lekhana paramparA lekara Aye / phalataH bhArata meM prArambhika turkoM ke adhIna itihAsazAstra panapA adhikatara taphasIra ( TIkAe~), ahAdIsa ( paramparAe~), phika ( nyAyazAstra ) arabI aura phArasI meM likhe gaye / mahamUda gajanI ke bhavanoM evaM udyAnoM ko cAra sau kavi apane kAvyoM se guMjarita karate the / usake sAtha Ane vAloM meM abUrIhAna muhammada albIrUnI ( 9731048 I0 ) ne saMskRta kA bhI adhyayana kiyA aura bhArata viSayaka jJAna kI gaharAI meM koI bhI musalamAna lekhaka usakI barAbarI nahIM kara sakatA / mUla aura anuvAdoM ko milAkara usane lagabhaga 20 pustakeM likhI haiM jinameM 'tahakIka-e-hinda' (1030 I0 ) sarvaprasiddha hai / mohammada gorI ne tAjuddIna hasana, rukunuddIna hamajA, zihAbuddIna 1. zarmA, rajanIkAnta : albIrUnI kA bhArata ( anu0 ), ilAhAbAda, 1967, pR0 3 / 2. albIrUnI ne paulisa siddhAnta, bRhatsaMhitA, laghujAtaka kA saMskRta se anuvAda kiyA / usake purANoM ke adhyayana, pataJjali, sAMkhya, gItA ke uddharaNa usake dvArA bhArata kI khoja ke pratIka haiM /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 173 muhammada razIda Adi ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| kutubuddIna aibaka ( 1206-10 I0) vidvAnoM ke prati itanA udAra thA ki use lAkhabakhza kahA jAne lgaa| iltutamiza ( 1211-36 I0 ) ke darabAra meM khvAjA abU nasara, ruhAnI aura nUruddIna muhammada avaphI prasiddha the / ' tavakAta-e-nAsirI kA racayitA minahAjuddIna sirAja nAsiruddIna mahamUda ( 1246-66 I0 ) ke darabAra meM thaa| 'apane sampoSaka nAsiruddIna ke sammAnArtha usane apanI pustaka kA nAma tabakAta-e-nAsirI rakhA" jo prArambhika samaya se lekara 1260 I. taka kA rAjanItika itihAsa hai| yaha grantha 23 tabakoM ( adhyAyoM) meM vibhAjita hai| usameM aitihAsika ghaTanAe~ rAjavaMzIya kramAnukUla vyavasthita haiN| tabakAta-e-nAsirI kI gadya-zailI pariSkRta evaM pravAhapUrNa nahIM hai|' usameM kAlakramIya doSa pAye jAte haiM aura srotoM kI prAmANikatA kA abhAva hai| grantha kI yojanA bhI dUSita hai kyoMki eka hI bAta ko bAra-bAra likhA gayA hai / parantu isa grantha kI bhASA zuddha, sIdhI aura spaSTa hai| isIliye tabakAta-e-nAsirI kA bhArata aura yUropa donoM meM bar3A Adara hai| tArIkha-e-alAI athavA khajAina-ula-phutUha kA racayitA 'tUtIe-hinda' amIra khusaro ( 1253-1325 I0 ) paTiyAlI jilA eTA meM janmA bhAratIya thaa| vaha nijAmuddIna auliyA kA ziSya, baranI kA mitra aura balabana ( 1266-86 I. ) se lekara gayAsuddIna tugalaka ( 1320-25 I0 ) ke samaya taka ke kaI sultAnoM kA darabArI thaa|' 1. zrIvAstava, A0 lA0 : madhyakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti, AgarA, 1973, pR0 103-104 / 2. IliyaTa aura DAusana, khaNDa dvitIya, pR0 190; 'tabakAta' kA aM0 anu0 revarTI, eca0 jI0, do jilda, landana 1881, ripriNTa, naI dillI, 1970 / 3. de. IzvarI prasAda : bhAratIya madhyayuga kA itihAsa, ilAhAbAda, 1955, pR0 539-540 / 4. mirjA, mo0 vAhida : da lAipha aiNDa varksa oNpha amIra khusaro, dillI, punarprakAzita, 1974, pR0 17 / 'yaha bhUmi merI janmabhUmi hai' nUha

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174 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana khusaro ne kavitA, kahAnI, dIvAna, masanavI aura itihAsa Adi para gadya-padya meM, phariztA ke anusAra 99 racanAe~ kI thIM jinameM se navAba izAka khA~ (1915 I0 ) kevala 45 khoja sake the aura Aja kula 21 racanAe~ hI upalabdha ho sakI haiM / ' vyApaka samparka ke kAraNa use tatkAlIna rAjanItika ghaTanAoM evaM sAmAjika dazAoM kA vyaktigata jJAna thA / khajAina-ula- phutUha nAmaka gadya-racanA meM alAuddIna khiljI ke rAjyArohaNa ( 1296 I0 ) se mAbAra - vijaya ( 1310 I0 ) taka ke samakAlika vRttAnta haiM / isa choTI-sI racanA se tatkAlIna yuddhapraNAlI kI itanI Thosa jAnakArI milatI hai jitanI anya kisI pustaka meM nahIM / alAuddIna dvArA durgoM, tAlAboM ke nirmANa va jIrNoddhAra, maMgola AkramaNoM aura alAuddIna kI gujarAta, somanAtha, neharavAlA, khambhAta, raNathambhaura, mAlavA, cittaur3a, devagiri, dakSiNa mathurA, mathurA aura mAbAra vijayoM ke varNana haiM / khajAina-ula- phutUha hameM yatheSTa aura vizvasanIya tithiyA~ sAla mahInA dina meM pradAna karatI hai / ghaTanAoM kA varNana sahI aura kAlakramAnusAra huA hai / kAlakrama ke bAre meM prabandhakoza se isakA sAmya hai, parantu paravartI tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI se yaha adhika vizvasanIya hai / kintu amIra khusaro ke viSayoM kI vividhatA, bhavya vaktRtA, zabdADambara evaM kAvyAtmaka atizayoktiyA~ usake granthoM kI aiti sipehara, tRtIya, pR0 43; zrIvAstava, A0 lA0 : madhyakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 105, nijAmI, khAlika ahamada kA lekha 'amIra khusaro', hindI vizvakoza, khaNDa 1, nA0 pra0 sabhA, vArANasI, 1960, pR0 199; de0 hArDI, pI0 : hisToriensa oNpha meDivala iNDiyA, adhyAya 5 / 1. mirjA, mo0 vAhida : pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 148 - 149 para una 45 granthoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai / 2. de0 IliyaTa aura DAusana, tRtIya khaNDa, ( hindI anu0 ) zarmA, mathurAlAla, AgarA, 1974, pR0 45-61 / 3. rijavI, saM0 atahara abbAsa ( anu0 ) khilajIkAlIna bhArata, alIgar3ha, 1955, 0 GaH /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 175 hAsika mahattA ghaTA detI hai|' amIra khusaro ne kisI bhI sthala para apane ko itihAsakAra nahIM mAnA hai aura spaSTa batalAyA hai ki usane mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika viSayoM para kisI bhI zAsaka ke kahane para yA use samarpita karane ke lie nahIM likhA hai| sarvazreSTha sultAna meM bhI guNa-doSa pAye jAte hai kintu amIra khusaro ne guNoM para hI likhA aura doSoM ko najaraandAja kara diyaa| rAjazekhara yA baranI kI tulanA meM khusaro acchA itihAsakAra nahIM hai| kavi vaha pahale hai aura itihAsakAra bAda meN| isAmI kRta phutUha-ula-salAtIna ( 1350-51 ) meM gajanI ke yAmaniyoM ke abhyudaya se lekara muhammada bina tugalaka ke zAsana taka kA itihAsa hai| isAmI dillI-saltanata ke adhikAriyoM ke parivAra kA aura muhammada tugalaka ke atyAcAra kA zikAra thaa| ataH vaha daulatAbAda meM basa gayA aura phutUha-ula-salAtIna kI racanA bahamanIrAjya ke saMsthApaka hasana ( 1347-58 I0 ) ke Azraya meM kI aura use hI samarpita kara diyaa| phutUha-ula-salAtIna isAmI ke pUrvajoM se prApta sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para likhI gayI thI tathApi isAmI apanI sUcanA ke srotoM kA ullekha nahIM karatA hai, parantu pratIta hotA hai ki usane tabakAta-e-nAsirI kA upayoga nahIM kiyA hai / isa prakAra phutUha-ula-salAtIna tugalakakAlIna ekamAtra aisA itihAsagrantha hai jisakA racayitA rAjavaMza ke bhaya yA kRpA se pare thaa| cUMki sultAna muhammada tugalaka ne isAmI ko apAra kaSTa diyA thA 1. askarI, saiyyada hasana kA lekha amIra khusaro aija e hisToriyana, hasana, ema0 ( sampA0 ) : hisToriensa oNpha meDivala iNDiyA, meraTha, 1968, pR0 23 meN| 2. vahI, pR0 25 / 3. majumadAra, Ara0 sI0 ( sampA0 ) : da delahI saltaneta, bhA0 vi. bhavana, bambaI, 1960 pR0 3; zrIvAstava, A0 lA0 : pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 106 / 4. isAmI ko apane 95 varSIya pitAmaha ke sAtha dillI se daulatAbAda jAne ke liye vivaza kiyA gayA thaa| vRddha mArga meM cala basA /

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176 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana isaliye usane apane itihAsalekhana meM sultAna kI kaThora avahelanA kI hai / rAjazekhara ke samakAlIna arabI yAtrI, vidvAna tathA lekhaka 'ibnabatUtA ( 1304-78 I0 ) kA asalI nAma abU abdullA muhammada thA / " yAtrI ke rUpameM ibnabatUtA ne lagabhaga 1,20,000 ki0 mI0 vividha mahAdvIpoM kI yAtrA kI thI / vidvAn ke rUpa meM usakA AzAtIta Adara-satkAra muhammada tugalaka ne kiyA aura 1333 I0 se nau varSoM taka dillI meM kAjI- pada para pratiSThita kiyA / lekhaka ke rUpa meM usane svadeza lauTakara apanI yAtrA kA vivaraNa likhavAyA jise 'tuhaphata ala-najjAra phI garAyaba ala amasAra va ajAyaba ala aphasAra' kahate haiM / ' batUtA ke yAtrA vivaraNa 'tuhaphata ala' meM aneka azuddhiyA~ ho gayI haiM kyoMki yAtrA kI samApti para batUtA kI kevala smRti ke AdhAra para saciva muhammada ibna jujaiya ne pratyeka ghaTanA lipibaddha kI thI / kahIM para nagaroM ke krama ulaTa diye gae haiM to kahIM para unake nAmoccAraNa bhraSTa rUpa se likha diye gae haiM / kutubamInAra kI sIr3hiyA~ itanI caur3I batAyI haiM ki hAthI car3ha jAya, jo vastutaH yathArtha nahIM hai / batUtA ne na to rAjadarabAra ke aura na kisI prAnta ke kisI ucca padAdhikArI hindU kA nAma likhA hai / usake vRttAnta meM sarvatra musalamAna aura adhikatara videzI hI dRSTigocara hote haiM / 1. madanagopAla ( anu0 ) : ibnabatUtA kI bhArata yAtrA, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1931, pR0 1 / 2. isa grantha kI eka hastalipi perisa ke rASTrIya pustakAlaya meM surakSita hai / isako da phemarI tathA sAMginetI ne sampAdita kiyA aura isakA phrAMsIsI bhASA meM pUrA anuvAda cAra khaNDoM ( 1853-59 I0 ) meM perisa se prakAzita kiyA / isake kucha aMzoM kA aMgrejI anuvAda IliyaTa aura DAusana ke itihAsa ke tRtIya khaNDa meM tathA isakA saMkSipta anu ( eka prastAvanA sahita ) braoNDave Traivalarsa meM I0 meM prakAzita kiyA thA / de0 paramAtmAzaraNa kA lekha 'ibnabatUtA', gibba ne landana se 1929 hi0 ko0, khaNDa 1, vArANasI, 1960, pR0 482 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 177 (7) tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI ( 1357 I0 ) ___ Adi turkakAlIna bhArata ( 120 6-90 I0 ) ke itihAsa meM tabakAta-e- nAsirI kI taraha tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI bhI mukhya AdhAra hai / balabana tathA kaikubAda kA itanA vistRta ullekha tArIkha-ephIrojazAhI ke atirikta anyatra nahIM miltaa|' baranI ne bhArata kA itihAsa vahA~ se zurU kiyA jahA~ tabakAta e-nAsirI ne isako chor3A hai| yadyapi baranI ne phIroja ke nAma para apane isa grantha kA nAmakaraNa kiyA hai tathApi usameM phIroja kA vAstavika itihAsa, grantha kA lagabhaga pA~cavA~ hissA hI hai| tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI (1357 ii0| meM balabana ke siMhAsanArohaNa se lekara phIroja ke zAsana ke chaThe varSa taka kA itihAsa hai| jisa prakAra rAjazekhara ne likhA hai ki vaha prabandhakoza meM una varNanoM kA cavita-carvaNa nahIM karanA cAhatA hai jo prabandhacintAmaNi meM A cuke hoM, usI prakAra baranI ne 'tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI meM una vistRta bAtoM ko sthAna nahIM diyA hai jo tabakAta e-nAsirI meM thii|" jaise rAjazekhara ne bappabhaTTi aura vastupAla ke sambandha meM ati vistAra se likhA hai vaise baranI ne adhika samaya aura jagaha balabana aura alAuddIna khaljI kA itihAsa likhane meM vyaya kiyA hai| rAjazekhara kI hI taraha baranI bhI sUcita karatA hai ki usane apane pUrvajoM, pitA-pitAmaha, se sunI-sunAyI bAtoM ke AdhAra para balabana kA vRttAnta likhaa| sultAna jalAluddIna se phIroja taka ke vRttAnta - 1. rijavI, sai0 atahara abbAsa ( anu0 ) : Adi turkakAlIna bhArata, alIgar3ha, 1956, pR0 ka / 2. iliyaTa aura DAusana, tRtIya, (hi0 anu0 ) zarmA, mathurAlAla, pR0 62 / 3. habIba, mo0 : da paoNliTikala theyarI oNpha delahI saltanata, ilAhAbAda; pR. 124-125; de0 rijavI, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 117; baranI : tArIkha e-phIrojazAhI, pR0 21-22 / 4. vahI, pR0 25; iliyaTa aura DAusana ( hi0 anu0 ), tRtIya, pR0 65 / 12

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178] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana usakI A~khoM-dekhI aura vyaktigata jAnakArI para AdhArita haiN|' __ tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI meM sultAnoM, darabAriyoM, kaviyoM, santoM, itihAsakAroM Adi kI lambI sUcI prApta hotI hai| abhiyAnoM, Arthika sudhAroM, bAjAra meM pracalita kImatoM, rAjasva-niyamoM ke vRttAnta use sacce arthoM meM itihAsa-grantha banAte haiN| kRti kA prArambha itihAsa-lekhana aura aitihAsika adhyayana ke upayoga kI carcA se hotA hai|' zAsakoM ke kartavyoM para vistArapUrvaka likhA gayA hai| parantu prabandhakoza kI bhA~ti 'tArIkha' meM janasAdhAraNa aura unake jIvana kA varNana nahIM huA hai kyoMki baranI kI rAjanItika buddhi saltanata ke irda-girda taka hI sImita thii| prabandhakoza kI bhA~ti tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI meM kAraNatva kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| isameM una kAraNoM kI bhI AlocanAtmaka vyAkhyA kI gayI hai, jo khaljI-vaMza ke patana ke liye uttaradAyI the| jisa taraha rAjazekhara ne jaina-prabandhoM ko paribhASita kara itihAsa ke prati cetanA kA paricaya diyA hai, usI taraha jiyAuddIna bhI aitihAsika sAhitya meM apane yogadAna ke prati jAgaruka thA aura niHsaMkoca ghoSaNA karatA hai ki gata hajAra varSoM se 'tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI' jaisI pustaka nahIM likhI gii| tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI ke sAkSya nijAmuddIna ahamada, badAyUnI, phariztA, hAjIuddabIra ke paravartI itihAsagranthoM meM milate haiN| nijAmuddIna kahIM-kahIM baranI kI nakala hI kara letA hai aura kahIM usake dvArA chor3I gayI gutthiyA~ sulajhAtA hai|" ThIka aisI hI niyati kA sAmanA prabandhakoza kara cukA thaa| jahA~ taka bhASA-zailI kA savAla hai, prabandhakoza meM sarala saMskRta, prAkRta-pada aura bolacAla kI yAminI bhASA ke zabdoM kA prayoga huA 1. vahI, pR0 175; iliyaTa aura DAusana, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 93 / 2. baranI : tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI, pR0 10-12 / 3. vahI, pR0 41-44 / 4. vahI, pR0 122-123 / 5. lAla, ki0 za0 : khaljI. vaMza kA itihAsa, AgarA, 1964, pR0 355 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 179 hai| tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI kI prastAvanA alaMkRta bhASA meM hai kintu anya adhyAyoM meM sarala, bolacAla kI phArasI bhASA aura hindustAnI zabdoM- badalA, bhaTTI, cAkara, carAI, cautarA, caukI, chappara, Dholaka, maNDI--ke prayoga kaI bAra hue haiN| kahIM-kahIM usakI bhASA itanI TUTI-phUTI hai ki usakA kucha artha hI nahIM nikltaa|' zailI kI dRSTi se prabandhakoza aura tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI meM antara hai| prabandhakoza kI zailI sarala saMskRta meM spaSTa hai jabaki 'tArIkha' kI zailI bahuta alaMkArapUrNa hai|' baranI kucha ghaTanAoM aura nItiyoM ko madhyayugIna zailI meM vArtAlApa ke mAdhyama se prastuta karatA hai aura phira svayaM apane vicAroM ko dUsaroM ke mukha dvArA kahalavAtA hai| durbhAgya se tArIkha-ephIrojazAhI ko usake pratilipikAroM ne bahuta kSati pahu~cAyI hai| itihAsazAstrIya dRSTi se tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI prabandhakoza kI apekSA balavatI pratIta hotI hai| baranI ke matAnusAra itihAsa kI nIMva satyatA para AdhArita hai| "maiMne jo kucha isa itihAsa meM likhA hai, vaha saca-saca likhA hai, aura usa para vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai|" itihAsakAra ko apane varNanoM meM saTIka honA cAhiye tathA atizayoktiyoM se bacanA cAhiye / asatya varNana ke daNDa svarUpa paraloka meM use mukti nahIM miltii|' baranI ne apane yuga ke itihAsa meM apane utthAna aura patana ko ddhuuNddh'aa| apane duHkhAnta jIvana ke kAraNoM ko sultAnoM aura malikoM ke vyavahAroM meM khojA / jalAluddIna khaljI kA varNana karate-karate apane durbhAgya ko kosane meM na cuukaa| 1. lAla, ki0 za. : pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 353 / 2. IzvarI prasAda, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 540 / 3. baranI : tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI, pR. 23 tathA pR0 237 / de0 iliyaTa aura DAusana, tRtIya, (hi. anu0 ), pR0 63 tathA lAla, ki0 za0 : pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 352 / 4. baranI, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 12-13 tathA pR0 16 / 5. de0 vahI, pR0 200 tathA hasana, ema0 ( sampA0 ) : hisToriensa oNpha meDivala iNDiyA, pR0 43 meM nijAmI, ke. e. kA lekha jiyA. uddIna brnii|

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180 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana yahIM para usakA varNana viSayagata ho jAtA hai / itihAsa dvArA rAjanIti ko spaSTa karane kI zailI kA madhyakAlIna granthoM meM prAyaH pAlana huA hai / ataH baranI kA vicAra thA ki granthoM kI racanA dvArA usakA khoyA huA sammAna punaH vApasa mila jaaygaa| vastutaH jiyAuddIna jIvana kA 'kar3avA aura mIThA' donoM cakhane ke uparAnta pakI Ayu meM paralokavAsI huA thaa| baranI ke pratyeka grantha meM dhArmika kaTTarapana jhalakatA hai| usakA dRSTikoNa dharma se ra~gA thaa| ataH usane sultAna ke kAryoM aura nItiyoM kI vyAkhyA dharma ke pariprekSya meM kii| cUMki baranI ulemA varga kA thA, usane usa yuga kI rAjanIti dhArmika dRSTikoNa se dekhI thI jisase usake granthoM para pratikUla prabhAva pdd'aa| yahI nahIM baranI kA mastiSka hinduoM ke prati bhramita aura asthira thaa| usakA vizvAsa thA ki sabhI hinduoM ko musalamAna banAnA yA talavAra ke ghATa utAranA sambhava nahIM hai| 'tArIkha' dvArA baranI ne yaha samajhAyA hai ki hinduoM ko daridra aura muhatAja banA diyA jaay| rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza meM paramparAoM ko mUrdhanya sthAna pradAna kiyA hai| usI prakAra baranI itihAsa aura ilma-e-hadIsa ko jur3avA mAnatA hai| usake pAsa sultAnapada ke do siddhAnta the ki sultAna isa saMsAra meM khudA kA jillallAha (pratinidhi ) hai aura sultAna ko javAbita ( rAjakIya niyama ) nirmANa karane kI zakti hai|' - rAjazekhara ne rAjAoM aura mantriyoM ke viSaya meM sAmAjika apavAdoM yA parAjayoM jaisI apriya ghaTanAoM taka kA varNana kiyA hai| lekina varanI ne apriya ghaTanAoM kA yA to varNana hI nahIM kiyA hai 1. rijavI, sai0 atahara abbAsa ( anu0 ) : Adi turkakAlIna bhArata, alIgar3ha, 1956, pR0 4 / 2. habIba, mo0 : da paoNliTikala theyarI oNpha da delahI saltanata, pR0 128 / 3. baranI : tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI, pR0 10-11 / 4. hasana ( sampA0 ) : hisToriensa oNpha meDivala iNDiyA meM nijAmI, ke. e. kA lekha jiyAuddIna baranI, pR0 38 tathA habIba, mo0 : da paoNliTikala theyarI oNpha da delahI saltanata, pR0 168-169 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 181 yA unakA ati saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai / baranI ne zAdI ke gujarAta AkramaNa kA jAnabUjha kara varNana nahIM kiyA hai kyoMki zAdI kA vadha parAoM jaisI nimna jAti dvArA huA thaa| usane abhiyAnoM, sainyavyUha racanAoM, vijayoM, sandhiyoM Adi kA, jinako vaha pasanda nahIM karatA thA, ati saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA hai| isase usake dvArA usa samaya kA saccA itihAsa samajhane meM bar3I kaThinAI hotI hai| vaha prazaMsA meM vyakti ko svarga taka uThA detA thA aura tiraskAra meM usakI kalama jahara ugalatI thii| vRddhAvasthA kI parachAI aura phIroja ko prasanna karane kI abhilASA ne baranI ke vRttAnta dUSita kara diye haiN|' baranI samakAlIna sultAnoM ke Adeza se aura unake sAmane apane grantha racA karatA thA, isaliye vaha ImAnadAra itihAsakAra nahIM hai| usane bahuta sI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ bilkula chor3a dI haiM / muhammada tugalaka ne ghora hatyA aura beimAnI se rAjya prApta kiyA thA, isakA bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| baranI svIkAra karatA hai ki muhammada tugalaka ke samakSa satya bolane kA sAhasa nahIM thaa| ataH vaha DhoMga racatA thaa| rAjazekhara ne aisA nahIM kiyaa| tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI meM ghaTanAoM kA kAlakrama dUSita hai| usameM tArIkheM kama dI haiM aura jo haiM ve zuddha nahIM haiN| jo use yAda thA likha diyA aura vahI yAda rakhatA thA jo usake mastiSka ko prabhAvita karatA thaa|' yadyapi khaljI zAsana kI ghaTanAoM kA kAlakrama sahI hai, tathApi vaha muhammada tugalaka ke zAsana kI kevala cAra tithiyA~ pradAna karatA hai- rAjyArohaNa, khalIphA se pada-prApti, gujarAta abhi - - - - 1. rijavI, sai0 atahara abbAsa ( anu0 ) : Adi turkakAlIna bhArata, alIgar3ha, 1956, pR0 119 / 2. iliyaTa aura DAusana, tRtIya ( hi0 anu0 ), pR0 64 / 3. vahI, pR0 63 / 4. baranI : tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI, pR0 556-517 / 5. de. nijAmI, ke0 e0, pR0 45; iliyaTa aura DAusa na, tRtIya, hi anu0 ), pR0 64; habIba, mo0 : da paoNliTikala theyarI oNpha da delahI saltanata, pR0 126 /

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182 ) prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana yAna aura nidhana kii| usake samaya ke vidrohoM kI na tithi hai aura na sahI krama / isa kSetra meM prabandhakoza tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI se bIsa par3atA hai| __ tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI kahIM-kahIM kramahIna aura avyavasthita hai / vibhinna zIrSakoM ke antargata viSaya-vastu kA vibhAjana pairAgrAphoM meM hote hue bhI grantha kA adhika vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA hai / dakSiNa kA varNana karate samaya uttara-bhArata kI avahelanA kara dI gayI hai| . baranI ne bhinna-bhinna sUtroM se ghaTanAoM ko ekatra karake jA~cane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA hai| usake vicAra se itihAsakAra ke lie pakkA musalamAna honA paryApta hai, use kisI pramANa kI jarUrata nahIM hai / baranI ne itihAsa ekadama nahIM apitu samaya-samaya para likhaa| usane apanI 'tArIkha' kI racanA meM samakAlIna kRtiyoM kA pUrA-pUrA upayoga nahIM kiyaa| yadi usane khusaro ke khajAina-ula-phutUha ko dekhakara apanA prArUpa saMzodhita kara liyA hotA to nizcita rUpa se usane cittaur3a, raNathambhaura, mAlavA aura dakkana meM alAuddIna ke yuddhoM kI adhika sUcanA dI hotii|' ataH ina donoM granthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se prabandhakoza ke guNa-doSoM para prakAza par3atA hai / ( 8 ) madhyayugIna yUropa ke 'kraoNnikA mejorA' va 'kraoNnikyU' bhAratavarSa aura araba kI taraha madhyakAlIna yUropa meM itihAsalekhana itivRtta ke hI rUpa meM thaa| ye adhikAMzataH maThoM yA girajAgharoM meM likhe jAte the; kyoMki maThoM kI dhanarAzi, unake AvAsa va prasAdhana, vidyA ke Adarza sadana ke rUpa meM the| pUrvAgraha va maTha aise mAnaka aura kasauTI bana gaye the jina para rAjAgaNa aura popa bhI kase jAte the| isa prakAra rAjamArgoM para yA rAjadhAniyoM ke samIpa sthita maTha 1. lAla, ki0 za0 : khaljI vaMza kA itihAsa, AgarA, 1964, pa0 352 / 2. Ahi, pR0 52-56; uDavArDa, I0 ela0 : imprezaMsa oNpha iMgliza liTarecara, landana, 1947, pR0 151-153; lUkAsa, eca0 esa0 : e zaoNrTa hisTarI oNpha sivilAijezana, dvitIya saM0, nyUyArka 1953, pR0 4 va aage|

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 143 itihAsa-lekhana ke kendra ho gaye aura Adhunika samAcAra ejensiyoM kI taraha kArya karane lge| madhyakAla kA itihAsa abhI bhI apane tathyoM ke liye paramparAoM para nirbhara thA kyoMki una paramparAoM kI AlocanA karane ke prabhAvakArI zastra usake pAsa na the| yUropa meM santoM kI jIvaniyA~ aura rAjAoM ke utthAna-patana kI kahAniyA~ itivRtta ke rUpa meM likhI gyiiN| isa yuga meM rAjAgaNa bhI itivRttoM meM ruci rakhane lge| iMglaiNDa, phrAMsa, spena Adi meM rAjakIya itihAsakAra niyukta kiye jAne lage aura Aja bhI skaoNTalaiNDa meM eka hai|' briTiza itivRttoM meM ruci-vaividhya, sUcanAoM kI sampannatA aura vistAra kI gahanatA thii| unake dRSTikoNa itane vistRta aura varNana itane prAmANika hote the ki unakI sahAyatA se tatkAlIna jarmanI kA itihAsa likhA gyaa| iMglaiNDa meM aitihAsika sAmagriyoM kA saMkalana aura itihAsalekhana rAjAoM va rAjanItijJoM dvArA protsAhita kiyA jAtA thaa| bIDI ( nidhana 735 I0 ) ne laiTina meM 'iklIjiesTikala hisTarI oNpha da iMgliza nezana' likhA jisake anuvAda meM rAjA alphreDa ne bhAga liyA thaa|3 iMglaiNDa ke itihAsakAroM meM maithyU perisa ( 1200-59 I0 ) kI 'kraoNnikA mejorA' aura 'hisToriyA mAinara' isa yuga kI prasiddha laiTina racanAe~ haiN| maithyU perisa seNTa alabaMsa ( landana ke samIpa ) ke maTha kI paramparA kA anuyAyI thA, jahA~ ke maThIya vAtAvaraNa meM itivRttakAroM kI eka paramparA panapI aura usake pAsa itihAsa kI eka sunizcita avadhAraNA thii|' maithyU perisa ke vizAlakAya lekhana 1. uDavArDa, pUrvanirdiSTa, pa0 147 / 2. sTansa : lekcarsa oNna meDivala aiNDa maoNDarna hisTarI, pu0 125 / 3. vahI, pR0 148; insAiklopIDiyA briTainikA, grantha 11, pR0 532 / 4. jonsa, DablyU. levisa : kaimbrija hisTarI oNpha iMgliza liTarecara, ji0 1, kaimbrija, 1963, pR0 178-182; hihirA, pR0 72 va aage| vAhna ricarDa : maithyU perisa, 1958, jo iravina, remaNDa : da heriTeja oNpha da iMgliza lAyabrarI, landana, 1964, pR0 160 se uddhRta; hihirA, pR0 72 /

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144 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 1235-59 I0 ke bIca kI yUropIya ghaTanAoM ke mahatvapUrNa jJAna-srota haiN|' maithyU iMglaiNDa meM vesTa minsTara, vincesTara Adi rAjadarabAroM ke ghaniSTa samparka meM thA aura apanI spaSTavAditA ke kAraNa use rAjakIya kRpA bhI prApta thii| rAjazekhara ke sambandha meM aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha rAjAzraya kA mukhApekSI na thaa| ___ maithyU perisa aitihAsika kAgajAtoM ( maignAkArTA ke mUla aMza ) meM pherabadala karane se nahIM cuukaa| usakI ruci saMkIrNa thii| usakA nyAya pakSapAtapUrNa thA, phira bhI rAjA kI nIti kI AlocanA likha lene kA usameM sAhasa thaa| yaha satya hai ki maithyU perisa ina Alo. canAoM ko dina kA ujAlA nahIM dikhAnA cAhatA thA phira bhI usane apanI kRti ke saMzayAtmaka gadyAMzoM ke hAsiye para laiTina zabda 'oNpheNDIkulam' ( arthAt 'tanika doSayukta' ) likha detA thaa|' ___ aMgreja itivRttakAroM ke mukhya uddezya the - vidvattA kA Ananda, svAbhimAna kI anubhUti, rAjAzraya kI prApti tathA deza-bhakti kI prernnaa| ye uddezya maithyU perisa aura rAjazekhara donoM meM pAye jAte haiN| itivRttakAra ke rUpa meM maithyU kI prasiddhi cAra kAraNoM se hai| prathama, use samUce yUropa kI ghaTanAoM kI jAnakArI thii| dUsare, vaha apane samaya ke mahAna rAjanItijJoM aura mahAna puruSoM ( henarI tRtIya, kArnavAla ke ricarDa ) se sUcanAe~ prApta karatA thaa| tIsare, usake pAsa prAmANika kAgajAtoM kI vizAla saMkhyA thI, jinheM usane apane itivatta yA pariziSTa meM samAhita kiyA / antataH vaha apanI spaSTavAditA aura nirbhIka abhivyakti ke liye bhI vizruta thA jo rAjA, rAjadarabArI, videzI pakSadhara yA popa taka ke viruddha vyakta ho jAtI thii| 1. insAiklopIDiyA briTainikA, grantha 17, pR0 285 / 2. uDavArDa, pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 252-253 / 3. jonsa, DablyU levisa : pUrvanirdiSTa, pR0 156-157 / 4. insAiklopIDiyA briTainikA, grantha 17, pR0 285 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 185 jisa prakAra prabandhakoza ko paravartI granthoM meM sAkSya mAnakara uddhRta kiyA jAtA rahA hai usI prakAra 'kraoNnikA mejorA' ko ArmeniyanoM kI seNTa alabansa-yAtrA ( 1252 I0 ) kI riporToM meM sAkSya mAnakara uddhRta kiyA gayA thaa| ye sAkSya 1602 I0 ke paimphleTa meM bhI uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| ____ maithyU perisa meM janmajAta itivRttakAra kI cetanA, rujhAna aura nyAyika kSamatA thii| isake alAvA vaha kalAkAra bhI thaa| apanI aitihAsika pANDulipiyoM ke hAsiyoM meM jIvanta rekhAoM se citra yA zIlDa banA diyA karatA thaa| usane iMglaiNDa aura philIstIna ke viziSTa mAnacitra banAye haiM jinakI gaNanA madhyakAla ke durlabha citroM meM kI jAtI hai| udhara phrAMsa meM jA~ phoIsAra ( 1337.1404 I0 ) ne jo kraoNnikyU (kraoNnikalsa ) likhA usakA nAma 'phrAMsa phlaiNDarsa iMglaiNDa, skaoNTalaiNDa aura spena ke itivatta' haiM jo caudahavIM zatAbdI ke raMgIna kriyA-kalApoM kA phrAMsIsI gadya meM spaSTa citraNa karate haiM / prabandhakoza aura ina itivRttoM ke uddezyoM meM samAnatA hai| ye itivRtta pAThakoM ko Ananda pradAna karane ke lie race gaye the aura isa uddezya meM phoIsAra saphala bhI haa|' prabandhacintAmaNi aura prabandhakoza ke uddezyoM ke samAna ina granthoM kA uddezya bhI pAThakoM kA manoraJjana karanA thaa| rAjazekhara kI bhA~ti jA~ phroIsAra ne vyApaka bhramaNa bhI kiyaa| phroIsAra 1361 I0 meM iMgliza cainala pAra kara mArgareTa kI bahana philippA hainAU ke saciva va lekhaka ke rUpa meM 1369 I0 taka sevArata rhaa| vaha DeviDa brUsa ke sAtha 1365 I0 meM skaoNTalaiNDa aura briTena gyaa| DyUka klarensa ke sAtha vaha pherArA, bolona aura roma bhI ghuumaa| philippA kI mRtyu ke bAda vaha hainAU lauTA aura phira phlaiNDarsa 1. vahI, grantha 13, pR. 32 / 2. vahI, grantha 14, pR0 847 sI; grantha 17, pR0 285 / 3. da insAiklopIDiyA amerikAnA, ji0 14, 1959, pR0 213; hihirA, pR0 76 va aage|

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146 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana meM use aneka AzrayadAtA mile / rAjazekhara kI bhA~ti jA~ phoIsAra meM jIvanI - - sAdRzya bhI pAyA jAtA hai / rAjazekhara ko kramazaH gacchavRddhi, dIkSA, vAcanAcArya pada, sUripada aura muhammada tugalaka ke darabAra meM svAgata-satkAra prApta hue the| usI prakAra phoIsAra ko 1373 I0 meM pAdarI - pada, 1381 I0 meM bloI kAuNTI meM nijI caiplena - pada, 1389 I0 meM mahArAnI isAbelA ke rAjazAhI svAgata samAroha meM AmantraNa tathA 1395 I0 meM iMglaiNDa ke rAjA ricarDa dvitIya dvArA zAnadAra svAgata-satkAra prApta hue the 1 vistRta bhramaNa evaM vibhinna padoM para AsIna rahane kA prabhAva phoIsAra ke itihAsa-lekhana para yaha par3A ki bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM vaha apane kraoNnikyU ( kraoNnikalsa ) mUla itivRtta ke vibhinna bhAgoM ko pUrA karatA rahatA aura saMzodhanoM, navIna adhyAyoM evaM nayI sAmagriyoM se yukta karatA rahatA thA / phlaiNDarsa para usane adhika likhA hai / jaba usakA dhyAna spena- purtagAla yuddhoM kI ora gayA, vaha svayameva sUcanA prApta karane ke liye kaI rAjAoM ke darabAra meM rukA / usake Antarika sAkSya pramANita karate haiM ki phoIsAra ne 1404 I0 ke anta meM apanI iMglaiNDa yAtrA kA vivaraNa diyA thA / ' rAjazekhara ke prabandhakoza kI bhA~ti phoIsAra ke lekhoM aura kraoNnikalsa meM gadyAtmakatA aura upadezAtmakatA pAI jAtI hai / phoIsAra nAiToM kI zUratA aura gadya meM race kraoNnikalsa ke lie sarvAdhika yAda kiyA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra rAjazekhara ne vividhatIrthaMkalpa kA upayoga kiyA aura apane pUrvavartiyoM se prabandha - kalA grahaNa kI usI prakAra jA~ phoIsAra ne itivRtta -kalA jA~ la bela ke lekhoM se sIkhI hogI kyoMki 'kraoNnikalsa' bhAga eka ke prathama saMskaraNa meM jA~ la bela dvArA varNita ghaTanAoM kA hI ullekha hai / " jaoN phoIsAra ne apane srotoM kA upayoga sammAnapUrvaka kiyA hai kintu ghaTanAoM ke itane samIpa rahate hue bhI usameM apane yuga kA santulita citrAMkana karane kI rAjanItika medhA kA abhAva thA / eka 1. insAiklopIDiyA briTainikA grantha 9, pR0 953 / 2 2. vahI, pR0 954 |

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 187 to, prabandhakoza ke pratikUla kraoNnikalsa rAjakIya AzrayadAtAoM ke tatvAvadhAna meM likhe gaye the| dUsare, unake vibhinna bhAgoM meM AzrayadAtAoM ke virodhI vicAra praviSTa kara gaye haiM jisase phroIsAra ke varNana sarvadA saMgata nahIM raha sake haiN| prabandhakoza kI apekSA kraoNnikalsa meM samakAlIna varNana adhika hai| kraoNnikalsa ke pahale bhAga tathA tIsare ke prArambhika pRSThoM meM samakAlIna ghaTanAoM kA pUrNa lekhA-jokhA nahIM hai, tathApi zeSa meM samakAlInatva pAye jAte haiN| prabandhakoza eka dizA meM kraoNnikalsa se bar3ha jAtA hai / rAjazekhara ne AcArya, kavi, rAjA aura sAmAnya vargoM kI ora ruci pradarzita kI hai, parantu jA~ phoIsAra sAmanta aura sainyavarga ko chor3akara samAja ke kisI anya varga meM ruci pradarzita na kara skaa| __isa prakAra maithyU perisa kI kraoNnikA mejorA tathA jA~ phoIsAra kI kronikyU se prabandhakoza kI tulanA karane para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prabandhakoza ke lekhana meM ukta donoM granthoM ke samAna lekhanasuvidhA na hote hue bhI prabandhakoza kA praNayana virmiyoM ke rAjya meM kiyA gayA jisameM ukta donoM kRtiyoM kI apekSA aitihAsikatA kama nahIM hai| (1) kitAba ala-ibara tathA 'mukaddamA' ( 1386 I0 ) ___ aba taka prabandhakoza kI tulanA kaI granthoM se kI gayI hai / eka videzI itihAsakAra ke do grantha aise bhI haiM jinase usakI samatA karane meM bar3I kaThinAI hotI hai| aise viSamatAparaka granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya bhI tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA aMga ho sakatA hai / madhyakAlIna arabI itihAsazAstra kA sarvazreSTha pratinidhi ibna khaldUna (1332-1406 I0 ) thA jisane muslima-jagat, vizeSataH magariba arthAt pazcima (aljIriyA, Tyanisa aura morakko) kA prAmANika itihAsa apanI vikhyAta racanA 'kitAba ala-ibara ba dIbAna-ala-mubatadAvalakhabara-phI-ayyAma-ala-araba-vala - ajama-valabarbara' meM lekhabaddha kiyA aura usane 'mukaddamAta' (prastAvanA ) meM

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188 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana itihAsa - darzana kA abhUtapUrva pratipAdana kiyaa| ibna khaldUna meM mAnavIya evaM sAMskRtika vikAsa ke siddhAntoM kI pakar3a kisI bhI madhyakAlIna IsAI itihAsakAra se adhika thI / vAlteyara ke samaya taka IsAI jagat kA koI bhI itihAsakAra usakI samatA nahIM kara sakatA hai | usane 'mukaddame' meM aise itihAsadarzana kA pratipAdana kiyA hai jisakI kalpanA kisI ne kisI bhI deza yA kisI bhI kAla meM nahIM kI hai / rAjazekhara ne itihAsa ke liye sAmAnyatayA prayukta hone vAle zabdoM itivRtta, vRtyA, prAgukta vRtta, prAcIna vRtta, satyavAtA, kIrtana Adi kA vyavahAra kiyA hai / lekina ibnakhaldUna itihAsa ke lie sAmAnyatayA prayukta zabda ' tArIkha' ke sthAna para adhika vyApaka zabda 'ibara' ( viveka yA bodha ) kA cayana karatA hai / vaha pahalA itihAsakAra hai jisane sArvabhaumika arthAt islAmI vizva ke itihAsa kA vivaraNa pradAna kiyA hai / usakA prayojana eka kadama aura Age bar3hakara itihAsa se sIkhanA thA, kAraNoM kA samyak vizleSaNa kara unameM nihita rahasyoM ko samajhAnA aura unakA 'ibara' (bodha) karanA thA / rAjazekhara ne itihAsa aura paramparA kA varNana to kiyA hai kintu unheM samajhAyA nahIM hai / ibnakhaldUna ne itihAsa aura hadIsa ( paramparA ) meM antara sthApita karate hue kahA hai ki hadIsa kA sambandha vidhyAtmaka AdezoM se hai jabaki itihAsa kA sambandha vAstavika ghaTanAoM se hai / aitihAsika vivaraNa Adeza nahIM hote, apitu ghaTanAoM ke sakArAtmaka athavA nakArAtmaka vaktavya hote haiM jo satya yA mithyA hote haiM / phalataH usane 'mukaddame' kI prastAvanA meM itihAsakAroM kI bhUloM ke sambandha meM 12 udAharaNa peza kiye haiM / " 5 1. hihirA, pR0 94 va 96 insAiklopIDiyA briTainikA grantha 12, pR0 35; pANDe, go0 ca0 ( sampA0 ) : itihAsa : svarUpa evaM siddhAnta, pR0 121-123; buddhaprakAza : itihAsa darzana, hi samiti, lakhanaU, 1968, pR0 47; vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye de0 insAiklopIDiyA oNpha islAma tathA hyUjesa kI 'e DikzanarI oNpha islAma', landana, 1935 / 2. pANDe, go0 ca0 : itihAsa : svarUpa evaM siddhAnta, pR0 121-122 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana [ 189 - rAjazekhara ne itihAsa kI eka vidhA jaina-prabandha kI paribhASA avazya dI, kintu ibna khaldUna ne sarvaprathama itihAsa kI eka samAjazAstrIya paribhASA dI -- "itihAsa mAnava-samAja, vizva-saMskRti, sAmAjika parivartanoM, krAnti aura vidroha ke pariNAmasvarUpa rASTroM ke utthAna aura patana kA vRttAnta hai|" rAjazekhara ne samAja meM vargasaMgharSoM kI anubhUti avazya kI thii| usane varga-saMgharSa ke kevala dhArmika aura kucha sImA taka Arthika AdhAroM kA ullekha kiyA thaa| parantu ibna khaldUna ke anusAra samAja ke andara vikAsa, parivartana aura gati hotI hai| samAja kA svarUpa 'asabiyA' ( sAmUhikatA ) se banatA hai| 'asabiyA rakta sambandha, sAmUhika bhAvanA, pArasparika nikaTatA aura AdAna-pradAna se utpanna hotI hai| jaba 'asaviyA' kI bhAvanA zanaiHzanaiH kSINa hotI jAtI hai taba samAja kA bhI kSaya hotA jAtA hai| rAjazekhara ne samUce grantha ke kevala cAra prabandhoM ( harSakavi, hariharakavi, amaracandrakavi aura madanakIrti ) meM maulikatA pradarzita kI hai / use aneka prabandhoM kA jJAna thA jinase usane sAmagrI grahaNa kii| parantu ibna khaldUna meM Azcaryajanaka maulikatA thI, kyoMki use yUnAnI kRtiyoM kA jJAna nahIM thaa| usane bikhare hue rAjanItika aura sAmAjika vicAroM ko itihAsa meM piroyA jise vaha atIta aura vartamAna ko jor3ane kI eka jIvanta zakti mAnatA thaa| usakA sakriya aura udvelita jIvana use pazcima meM pedro aura pUrva meM taimUra ke samparka meM le aayaa| ibnakhaldana ke granthoM ke adhyayana se prabandhakoza kI kamiyoM kA udghATana hotA hai kyoMki tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA uddezya hI guNa-doSoM ko chAnanA hotA hai| isa prakAra samAnaviSayaka jainaprabandhoM, rAjataraMgiNI, madhyayugIna bhArata ke muslima granthoM, tArIkha e-phIrojazAhI, tatkAlIna yUropa ke kraoNnikA mejorA va 'kraoNnikya' tathA kitAba ala-ibara va mukaddamA se prabandhakoza kI tulanA kI gyii| phalataH do mahAdvIpoM ke ukta jaina 1. de0 ibne khaldUna kA 'mukaddamA' ( vizva itihAsa kI prastAvanA, hi0 anu0 ) rijavI, hindI samiti, lakhanaU, 1961, pR0 71 / 2. rosenthala : e hisTarI oNpha muslima hisToriyograiphI, 1952, pR0 104 /

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1903 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jainetara, bhAratIya evaM videzI aitihAsika granthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se eka ora prabandhakoza ke guNa-doSa prakAzita hote haiM tathA dUsarI ora bhAratIyoM para lage itihAsa ke abhAva-Aropa kA prakSAlana bhI hotA hai| niHsandeha prabandhakoza jaina itihAsazAstra kA eka anamola grantha

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adhyAya 9 upasaMhAra prabandhakoza ke aitihAsika vivecana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha grantha jaina itihAsa ke vikAsakrama kI eka mahatvapUrNa kar3I hai / jaba se rAjazekhara ne uttara bhArata meM sthApita aitihAsika paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA, jaina-prabandha itihAsa kI eka mAnaka-paramparA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye jAne lge| phalataH itihAsalekhana kI isa vidhA kA prabhAva marAThI bakhara para pdd'aa| rAjazekharasUri prabhAvaka AcArya aura itihAsakAra donoM the| vyApaka adhyayana aura paribhramaNa kI unake prabandhakoza para amiTa chApa pdd'ii| sUri-pada prApta kara lene tathA tugalaka darabAra meM pratiSThA ajita kara lene se rAjazekhara kI prasthiti meM vRddhi huii| aisI prasthiti meM unhoMne jo bhUmikA adA kI vaha jaina itihAsa meM sadA smaraNIya rhegii| lekina prabandhakoza ne rAjavaMzIya itihAsa kI bhA~ti bhArata ke kevala kucha hI rAjyoM kA vivaraNa pradAna kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se rAjazekhara dvArA pradatta itihAsa kabhI bhI samUce bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ kahIM-kahIM prabandhakoza kA uddezya upadezAtmaka bhI ho gayA hai jo isakA doSa hai / itihAsa kA svarUpa upadezAtmaka nahIM honA cAhiye / zrIdevI dvArA mRta zUdraka kA amRta se abhisikta ho punaH jIvita ho jAnA, siMhAsana kI cAroM kASTha-pUtaliyoM kA ha~sanA, pUnarjanma tathA betAlika kathA Adi atimAnavIya, daivI, tilasmI jAna par3ate haiN| phira bhI kalhaNa ne to kazmIra meM aura merutuGga ne gujarAta meM itihAsa racA thA kintu rAjazekhara ne jaina hote hue bhI musalamAnoM ke hRdapradeza dillI meM prabandhakoza kA jo sAhasapUrvaka praNayana kiyA vaha kama stutya nahIM hai| ___ na to vaha rAjakIya Azraya kA mukhApekSI thA aura na vaha svayaM ghaTanAoM ke bIca meM AtA thaa| vaha apane srotoM ke prati itanA

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192 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana ImAnadAra thA ki usane prabandhacintAmaNi kA nAmollekha kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI sAtha naiSadha mahAkAvya ke 11veM sarga ke 64veM pada ko sasandarbha uddhRta kiyA hai aura kAvya kI sarga tathA pada saMkhyA bhI dI hai| jisa bhAvanA se rAjazekhara ne apane srotoM kA upayoga kiyA hai, usase vaha itihAsakAra kahalAne kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai| prabandhakoza ko sAkSya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna karane vAle granthoM meM jinamaNDana kRta kumArapAlacarita se lekara ballAla kRta bhojaprabandha taka darjanoM grantha haiM jo prabandhakoza ke uddharaNa bhI dete haiN| ataH ina sAkSyoM se pramANita hotA hai ki pravandhakoza kI vidvat samAja meM mAnyatA thI aura use uddhata karanA eka gaurava kI bAta samajhI jAtI thii| yaha prabandhakoza kI aitihAsikatA aura prAmANikatA ko dviguNita karatI hai| __rAjazekhara ne itihAsa ko srotoM ke alAvA paramparAoM para bhI AdhArita maanaa| usakI itihAsapriyatA kA pramANa virodhI va vividha paramparAoM ko bhI apane grantha meM samAdRta aura AtmasAt karake prabandhakoza kA praNayana karanA hai kyoMki aitihAsika vidvattA to paramparAoM evaM mApadaNDa kI khoja meM lIna rahatI hai jisake anusAra hI grantha kI racanA aura usa racanA kA mUlyAMkana hotA hai / prabandhakoza kA prAthamika kArya satyodghATana karanA rahA hai| rAjazekhara ke sazakta hAthoM meM eka ora lekhanI hai aura dUsarI ora paramparAoM kA anumodana / pUrva lekhana ko nyAyasaMgata ThaharAte hue vaha madhyastha kA kArya karatA hai| lekhanI yadi vartamAna huI to paramparAe~, atIta, jo paraspara ananta vArtAlApa karatI haiN| cUMki prabandhakoza kA svarUpa gadyAtmaka hai isaliye yaha itihAsa ke adhika nikaTa A jAtA hai| isakA sarala gadya pAThakoM ke hRdaya ko chU letA hai jisameM sAhityika durUhatA, alaMkaraNa-priyatA aura atizayokti kI apekSAkRta kama sambhAvanA rahatI hai| eka ajaina dvArA racita grantha para 'nyAyakandalI paJjikA' TIkA likhanA rAjazekhara kI dharma-nirapekSatA kA paricAyaka hai| vaha pUrvAgraha se mukta thA / svayaM zvetAmbara hote hue bhI usane digambaroM kI vijaya

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upasaMhAra [ 193 evaM digambara madanakIrti para eka samUcA prabandha likhaa| bauddhadharma kI bAtoM aura yAminI bhASA ke zabdoM kA bhI apane grantha meM usane yatratatra prayoga kiyA hai| isa prakAra rAjazekhara kI lekhanI ne sAmpradAyikatA kI sImA tor3a dii| phalataH rAjazekhara hRdaya aura lekhanI donoM se dharma-nirapekSa thaa| kAlakrama ne bhI usake itihAsa-darzana kI eka kasauTI kA kArya kiyA hai / rAjazekhara ke itihAsa-darzana kI AdhArazilA yadi usake srota haiM to kAlakrama ve ITeM haiM jina para usane itihAsa bhavana kA nirmANa kiyaa| prabandhakoza ne lagabhaga 1030 varSoM kI kAlakramIya avadhi ko sameTA hai jisake lie rAjazekhara kA prayAsa stutya hai / usane prabandhakoza ko tithiyoM aura kAlakrama se jaisA gumphita kara diyA hai usase pratIta hotA hai ki rAjazekhara ko itihAsa kI saccI pakar3a thI / ataH prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika mola usake kAlakramIya A~kar3oM meM hai| yadyapi prabandhakoza kI katipaya tithiyA~ kucha mahInoM yA dinoM kI gaNanA meM truTipUrNa haiM tathApi yaha sahaja niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki merutuGga ke alAvA rAjazekhara jaina prabandhakAroM meM prathama lekhaka hai jisane kAlakrama ko itihAsa kA eka abhinna aMga mAnA aura usakA nirvAha bhI kiyA hai| prabandhakoza meM samakAlIna tathyoM ko prastuta karane kI bharasaka ceSTA kI gayI hai| aisA prayAsa aura sAhasa usake pUrva ke kisI bhI prabandha grantha meM, yahA~ taka ki prabandhacintAmaNi meM bhI nahIM dIkha par3atA hai| rAjazekhara ne prabandhakoza meM na kevala 'prabandha' kI paribhASA dI apitu usane itihAsa ko, jo aba taka kevala yuddhoM aura rAjasabhAoM taka sImita thA, sAmAnyajana ke dharAtala para lA khar3A kara diyaa| ataH aitihAsika vikAsakrama meM rAjazekhara kA yaha mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai| isalie bhI rAjazekhara ke prabandhoM ko itivRtta ke bajAya itihAsa kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| eka zodhakartA kI bhA~ti rAjazekhara ne navIna tathyoM kI prastuti, upalabdha tathyoM kI nayI vyAkhyA aura tathyoM kA siddhAntataH nirUpaNa kiyA hai / tathyoM ke isI saiddhAntika nirUpaNa ke samaya rAjazekhara kA

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194 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana itihAsa-darzana udbhUta ho jAtA thaa| cUMki rAjazekhara ne apane jJAna ko tIna kSetroM meM vibhAjita kiyA thA, yathA-- (1) sAhitya, (2) itihAsa aura ( 3 ) darzana jinameM kalpanA, smRti aura buddhi kA kramazaH santulita upayoga kiyA gayA thA, isaliye usane itihAsa ko smRti ke alAvA paramparAoM, anuzrutiyoM aura cakSudarziyoM para bhI AdhArita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra rAjazekhara ne itihAsa ko sAhitya ke ghere se bAhara kiyA aura use svatantra zAstra kA darjA pradAna kiyA aura usane itihAsa-lekhana ko itihAsa-darzana ke srotoM, sAkSyoM, paramparAoM, kAraNatva evaM kAlakrama para AdhArita kiyaa| ataH prabandhakoza eka mahatvapUrNa itihAsa grantha hai aura rAjazekhara apane yuga kA nissandeha eka itihAsakAra hai| kisI yuga kA itihAsakAra vaha vyakti hotA hai jo usa yuga kI AkAMkSAoM ko vANI de sake aura yuga ko batA sake ki yuga kI AkAMkSAe~ kyA haiM ? rAjazekhara aisA hI thaa|

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pramukha nimnalikhita haiM (ka) prArambhika jaina- prabandha kra0 saM0 grantha-nAma 1. 2. 3. pariziSTa (1) pramukha jaina- prabandha 'jaina- prabandhoM ke grantha- nAma, granthakAra-nAma aura racanA-tithiyA~ 5. 6. granthakAra-nAma jinabhadra prabhAcandra merutuGga purAtana - prabandha saGgraha sampA0, jinavijaya vividhatIrthaMkalpa prabandhakoza prabandhAvali prabhAvakacarita prabandhacintAmaNi (ca) paravartI jaina prabandha kra0 saM0 grantha-nAma 7. kumArapAlacarita 8. jagaDucarita jinaprabhasUri rAjazekharasUri 9. kumArapAlaprabandha 10. kumArapAlacaritasaMgraha 11. kumArapAlaprabandha 12. kAnhadade - prabandha 13. prabandharAja yA bhojaprabandha* 14. bhojaprabandha* phatehacandra belAnI ne ina granthoM ko jaina grantha aura granthakAra, banArasa, padmanAbha ratnamaNDana gaNi rAjavallabha racanA- tithiyA~ 1234 I0 1277 I0 1305 I0 granthakAra-nAma jayasiMhasUri sarvAnanda somatilaka sampA0, jinavijaya jinamaNDanagaNi 1332 I0 1349 I0 racanA - tithiyA~ 1360 I0 14vIM zatI 14vIM zatI 1407 I0 1436 I0 1456 I0 1460 I0 1473 I0 kathA carita varga meM rakkhA hai / de0, 1950, pR0 43, pR0 45 /

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196 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana - - 17. kra0 saM0 grantha-nAma granthakAra-nAma racanA-tithiyA~ 15. paJcadaNDachatraprabandha pUrNacandra 15vIM zatI 16. vimalaprabandha lAvaNyasamaya 1512 I0 ratnazrAvaka-prabandha sahajasundara 1525 I0 mAdhavanala-dogdhaka prabandha gaNapati 1528 I. karmacandra-vaMza-prabandha jayasoma upAdhyAya 1593 I0 (2) prabandhakoza meM vaNita granthoM kI sUcI 1 . - grantha pRSTha grantha - - anekAntajayapatAkA 25 dazAzrutaskandha sUtra aSTaka 25 dIpikA kAlidAsa AcArAGga 2 dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA AvazyakasUtra 2, 24 nayacakra uttarAdhyayana 2 nAgamata purANa upamitibhavaprapaJcA ( kathA ) 26 nANAyattaka uvasaggahara ( stava ) 4 nirvANakalikA RSibhASita ( satra) 2 naiSadha 55, 56, 60 karmaprakRti ( grantha ) 113 nyAyAvatAravRtti kalpasUtra 2 paJcaliGgI kalAkalApa 61 paJcavastuka kalyANamandira ( stava ) 18 paJcasUtra kAvyakalpalatA 61 paJcAzat khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya 55 padmAnanda ( kAvya) gaur3avadha 37 pArzvanAtha dvAtriMzikA chandoratnAvalI prabandhakoza ThANAvRtti 67 prabandhacintAmaNi 47 taraGgalolA 14 prabhAsapurANa ( purANakhaNDa ) 94 dazavaikAlikasUtra 2 praznaprakAza 14 * pUrvokta, pR0 43, pR0 45 / & : F S * * * * * * * *

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pariziSTa [ 197 - pRSTha - 47 113 grantha pRSTha grantha premamaJjUSA 72 zAntinAthacaritra bAlabhArata ( kAvya ) 61 zAntiparva bhAdrabAhavI saMhitA 2 zivapurANa madanamaJjarI 64 zrAvaka prajJapti madanamUrchA 86 SaDAvazyaka ( grantha ) mahAbhArata 66 SoDazaka ( grantha ) mahAmahavijaya ( kAvya) 37 samarAicca yaugandharAyaNa 123 samarAditya caritra rAmAyaNa 71, 81, 87 sArasvatamantra lalitavistarA ( grantha ) 26 sArasvata vyAkaraNa vastrApatha (purANa) 49 sUktAvalI vArAhasaMhitA 2 sUtrakRta ( sUtra) vIradvAtrizikA 14 sUrimantra vairoTyA stava 6 sUryaprajJapti ( sUtra ) zataka (grantha). 25 haribhadra grantha " * * * * * * * * * * | - sthAna - (3) rAjazekhara dvArA varNita sthAnoM kI sUcI pRSTha aNahilapattana 57, 61, 90, 93, 41, 97 Adi (bAraha bAra) arbudagiri 75, 117, 121, 122, 123, 129 avantI 15, 19, 20, 66, 68, 78 aSTApada 48, 75, 85 ujjayanta 12, 42, 48, 101, 129 ujjayinI 8, 18,59, 64, 65, 66, 77, 83, 86 kanyakubja 9, 20, 27, 32, 38, 101 kAntIpura 13, 14,85 kAsI 54,55,57, 61,79, 84,89,90, 130

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1941 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana sthAna pRSTha kozalA 11, 15, 8162 kauzAmbI 86,87,88 gUjaradeza 9, 26, 43, 101 gUjaradharA 7, 8, 37, 47 Adi ( solaha bAra) gopagiri 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 45, 47 gaur3adeza 15, 30, 58 citrakUTa 17, 21, 24, 25 jAvAlipura 105, 123, 125 DhillI nagara 117, 119, 120, 131 dipurI 75, 77, 78 devapattana 49, 61, 90, 117 dhavalakkapura 58, 61, 62, 101, 103-108, 111, 117-126, 129 pattana ( aNahilapura) 50, 52, 54, 101, 117, 119 pATaliputra 11, 12, 26, 44, 45 pratiSThAna 2, 3, 14, 66, 67, 68 prabhAsatIrtha 43, 130 bhadrezvara ( velAkUla ) 95, 104, 106 bhRgukaccha 9, 10-16, 22 mathurA 39-41, 46, 72 mahArASTra ( deza, janapada) 43, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 91, 109 mAlava (deza) 19, 53, 59, 67, 90, 91, 98, 99 moDherapura 26, 29, 34, 37, 38, 45, 46 raivataka ( tIrtha, parvata) 42, 43, 47, 48, 86, 94, 96, 116, 119, 120 lakSaNAvatI 30, 33, 36, 37, 88-90 balabhI 21, 22, 23

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pariziSTa / 199 - sthAna pRSTha vAmanasthalI 62, 103, 104 vAyaTa ( mahAsthAna ) nagara 7, 8, 61 vimalagiri (parvata) 42, 49, 128 zatruJjaya ( giri, tIrtha) 12, 14 Adi (vIsa bAra ) zAkambharI 50, 51, 52 zrImAlapura 25, 26, 48 sapAdalakSa 51, 52, 131 surASTra (deza) 22, 42, 47, 84, 101, 103 stambha ( tIrtha, pUra) 42, 103 Adi ( gyAraha bAra ) (4) prabandhakozAntargata prayukta yAvanI bhASA ke zabda prabandhakoza meM musalamAnoM ke lie 'mleccha', 'mudgala', 'yavana' tathA 'turuSka' aura sultAna ke lithe 'suratrANa' saMskRta zabda prayukta kiye gaye haiN| parantu jaina-prabandhoM meM yAvanI bhASA ke zabdoM ke bhI yatra-tatra prayoga kiye gaye haiN| vividhatIrthakalpa kI tulanA meM prabandhakoza meM aise zabdoM kI racanA muslima-bahula pradeza kI rAjadhAnI meM huI thii| prabandhakoza, 'sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hai', isa sUtra ko sArthaka siddha karatA hai / isa sambandha meM nimnalikha tAlikA draSTavya haikra0 saM0 yAvanI bhASA ke zabda prako, pRSTha vitIka, pRSTha - - tobA 118 117 nisaradIna suratrANa ( sultAna ) 133 bIbI (premakamalA yA harA) masIti ( masjida ) 119 mahammada sAhi ( zAha) 131 46, 95 de0 prako, pR0 23, 58 Adi; 109, 117, 133, 134 / 'suratrANa' zabda ke svatantra ullekha ke liye de. vahI, pR0 57-58, pR0 133 tathA vitIka, pR0 46, pR0 96 /

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200 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 10 11 13 14 - kra0 saM0 yAvanI bhASA ke zabda prako, pRSTha vitIka, pRSTha mahammada suratrANa ( sultAna ) 133 mudgala (maMgola arthAt musalamAna) 109 mojadIna suratrANa ( sultAna ) 117, 118, 119 vagulIsAha suratrANa ( sultAna ) 133 vegavarisa 133 sadIka ( nauvittaka ) 108, 109 samasadIna turuSka ( suratrANa ) (turka sultAna ) 133, 134 65 sahAvadIna suratrANa ( sultAna ) 117, 133 45, 106 hajayAtrA 119 15 hejivadIna 133 uparyukta tAlikA meM prabandhakoza ke pRSThoM kI saMkhyA dekhane se yaha vidita hotA hai ki isameM yAvanI bhASA ke zabdoM ke prayoga grantha ke uttarArddha meM kiye gaye haiN| (5) tugalaka vaMza ke itihAsa ke jaina sAdhana tugalaka vaMza ke itihAsa ke punanirmANa ke lie katipaya jaina-srota mahatvapUrNa haiM / gayAsuddIna tugalaka ( 1321-25 I.), muhammada bina tugalaka ( 1325-51 I0) tathA phIrojazAha tugalaka ( 1351-88 I.) ke rAjya aura prAntIya zAsakoM ke rAjyoM meM jainadharma, jainAcAryoM ke kriyA-kalApa, jaina sAhitya, mandira, tIrtha Adi kI sthiti para kaI grantha prakAza DAlate haiN| (ka ) zatruJjayatIrthodvAra prabandha ( aparanAma nAbhi nandanoddhAra prabandha ) 'isameM gujarAta ke pATanagara ke prasiddha jauharI aura prAcIna svatantra 1. isakI racanA upakezagacchIya siddhasUri ke paTTadhara ziSya kakkasUri ne 1335 I0 meM kI thii| isI ke lagabhaga samarasiMha kA svargavAsa huA thaa| 2. jirako, pR0 210, pR0 372, hemacandra granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita /

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pariziSTa [ 201 gujarAta ke antima mahAjana samarasiMha ( samarAzAha ) ke parivAra kA tathA usake dhArmika kAryoM kA acchA varNana kiyA gayA hai / . tugalaka vaMza ke sultAnoM aura unake prAntIya zAsakoM kI mahatvapUrNa sUcanAe~ dI gaI haiM jo tatkAlIna bhArata ke dhArmika itihAsa ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka siddha huI haiN| samarAzAha tIna bhAI the| bar3A sahajapAla devagiri ( daulatAbAda ) meM basa gayA thaa| majhalA sAhaNa khambhAta meM basakara apane pUrvajoM kI kIrti phailA rahA thA aura samarAzAha pATana meM rahakara prabhAvazAlI banA thaa| tatkAlIna dillI kA sultAna gayAsuddIna tugalaka usa para bar3A sneha karatA thA aura usane use tailaMgAne kA sUbedAra banAyA thaa| gayAsuddIna kA uttarAdhikArI muhammada tugalaka bhI use bhAI jaisA mAnatA thA aura apane samaya meM bhI usane use ukta pada para rahane diyaa| usane apane prabhAva se pANDu deza ke svAmI vIravalla ko sultAna ke caMgula se chur3AyA aura musalamAnoM ke atyAcAra se aneka hinduoM kI rakSA kii| usane una musalamAna zAsakoM ke kAla meM jaina dharma-prabhAvanA ke aneka kArya kiye| (kha) jinaprabhasUrikRta : vividhatIrthakalpa ___ isase bhI tugalaka vaMza ke rAjyakAla meM jainadharma kI sthiti kI aneka sUcanAe~ milatI haiN| ina zAsakoM ke rAjyakAla meM jainoM ko acchA prazraya milatA rahA hai| mANDavagar3ha meM aneka dhanADhya aura prabhAvaka jaina vyApArI the| unameM se kucha ko samaya-samaya para rAjamantrI yA pradhAnamantrI va anya aneka viziSTa padoM ko sa~bhAlane kA avasara milA thaa| mANDavagar3ha ke sultAna hozaMgasAha gorI ( 1405-32 I0 ) kA mahApradhAna maNDala nAmaka jaina thA jo bar3A zAsana kuzala aura mahAn sAhityakAra thaa| usake dvArA race granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM batalAyA 1. desAI, mo0 da0 : jaina sAhityano saMkSipta iti0, pR0 424-427; zeTha, ci0 bhA0 : jainijma ina gujarAta, pR0 171-180 meM samarasiMha kA caritra savistara diyA gayA hai / 2. de0 jaina, jyoti prasAda : bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 411 416 /

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202 / prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana gayA hai ki kisa taraha usake pUrvaja vibhinna rAjadarabAroM meM viziSTa padoM para the| maNDana ke pazcAt bhI usake vaMzadhara mAlavA zAsakoM ke kuzala sahAyaka evaM padAdhikArI bane rhe| (ga) sumatisambhavakAvya isameM tapAgacchIya vidvAn kavi sumatisAdhu kA jIvanacarita nibaddha karane kA upakrama kiyA gayA hai| isase kahIM adhika upayogI sAmagrI mANDavagar3ha ke dhanADhya vyApArI saMdhapati jAvar3a kI sAmAjika pratiSThA aura dharmaniSThA ke viSaya meM milatI hai| yaha sarvavijayagaNi dvArA racita hai| isakA racanAkAla 1490-94 I0 ke bIca hai| (gha) jAvaDacaritra aura jApaDaprabandha jAvar3a ( 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya ) mAlavA ke mANDavagar3ha kA dhanADhya vyApArI thA aura sAtha meM mAlavA ke tatkAlIna sultAna gayAsuddIna khaljI ( 1483-1501 I0 ) kA rAjyAdhikArI bhI thaa| jAvar3a kA caritra ukta (ga ) meM vistAra se milatA hai| sambhavataH ye donoM kAvya bhI usa samaya arthAt 1490-94 I0 ke bIca race gaye hoN| () rAjazekharasUri kA prabandhakoza __ isakI granthakAra-prazasti se tugalakakAlIna sAhityika va dhArmika kriyA-kalApoM para thor3A prakAza par3atA hai| 1. yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha meM prakAzita daulata siMha lor3hA kA lekha : mantrI maNDala aura usakA gauravazAlI vaMza / 2. jirako, pR0 446 / 3. vahI, pR0 134 /

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sandarbha prantha-sUcI (ka) maulika pantha (1) jana prampa udayaprabhasUri - dharmAbhyudaya-mahAkAvya, sijaina, 25, bambaI / udayaprabhari - sukRta kIrtikallolinI, (sampA0 ) sI0 DI0 dayAla, jI o esa dasavA~ ( epe0, pR0 69-90), bar3audA, 1920; ( sampA0 ) puNyavijaya sUri, bambaI, 1960 / / jayasiMhasUri -- vastupAla-tejapAla-prazasti, ( sampA0 ) sI0 DI0 dayAla, jI o esa dasavA~, epe0 1, bar3audA, 1920 / jayasiMhasari --kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita, (sampA0 )kSAntivijayagaNi, vijayadeva sUri saMgha, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1926 / jinaprabhasUri -vividhatIrthakalpa yA tIrthakalpa yA kalpapradIpa, sijaina 10, zAnti niketana, 1934 / jinaprabhasUri-vidhi mArga prapA nAma suvihita sAmAcArI, (sampA0) jinavijaya, nirNaya sAgara mudraNa yantrAlaya, bambaI, 1941 / jinapAlopAdhyAyAdi - kharataragaccha-bRhadagurvAvali, jinavijayamuni, (sampA0 ) sijaina 42, bambaI, 1956 / jinamaNDana - kumArapAlaprabandha, ( sampA0 ) caturvijayamuni, AtmA nanda granthamAlA 34, bhAvanagara, 1914 / jinavijayamuni ( sampA0 )- kharataragaccha-paTTAvalI saMgraha, kalakattA, 1932 / jinavijaya muni ( sampA0 )- jaina pustaka prazasti saMgraha, sijaina, 18, bambaI, 1934 / jinavijayamuni ( sampA0 )-prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha, do bhAgoM meM, bhAvanagara, 1921 /

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prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jinavijayamuni (sampA0 ) - purAtanaprabandha saMgraha, sijaigra 2, kala kattA, 1936 / 204 jinavijayamuni ( sampA0 ) - kumArapAlacarita saMgraha, sijaigra 41, bambaI, 1956 / . jinasena -- AdipurANa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1951 / jinaharSagaNi kumArapAla prabandha, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1971 // jinaharSagaNi - upadezataraMgiNI ( vArANasI AvRtti ) | jinaharSagaNi vastupAlacarita, jAmanagara / ---- jaina, hIrAlAla ( sampA0 ) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, mANikyacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, 28, bambaI, 1928 / tilakamaJjarI, kAvyamAlA sIrIja, 85, bambaI, 1938 / dhanapAla nAhara, pUrNacandra - jaina lekha saMgraha, tIna jilda, jaina vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA, saM0 8, kalakattA, 1918-29 / prabhAcandra - prabhAvakacarita ( sampA0 ) eca0 ema0 zarmA, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1909, ( sampA0 ) jinavijayamuni, sijaigra 13, ahamadAbAda, 1940 / --- bAlacandrasUri vasantavilAsa, ( sampA0 ) sI0 DI0 dayAla, jI o esa, sAtavA~, bar3audA, 1917 / -- merutuGgasUri :- prabandhacintAmaNi, (sampA0 ) jinavijayamuni, sijegra 1, zAnti niketana, 1933; ( aMgrejI anu0 ) sI0 eca0 TaoNnI, bi0 AI0, kalakattA, 1901 ( hindI anu0 ) AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI, sijaigra 3, ahamadAbAda - kalakattA, 1940 / rAjazekharasUri - prabandhakoza (catuvizati prabandha ) ( sampA0 ) hIrAlAla, phobrsa gujarAtI sabhA, bambaI; ( sampA0 ) jinavijayamuni, sijaigra, 1935 // rAjazekharasUri SaDdarzana- samuccaya, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, 17vA~ puSpa, vArANasI /

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI / 205 somadeva - kathAsaritsAgara ( sampA0 ) sI0 eca0 TaoNnI, peJjarsa saMskaraNa ( sampA0 ) durgAprasAda Ara parava, bambaI, 1931 / somaprabhasUri - kumArapAla-pratibodha; ( sampA0 ), jinavijayamuni, jo o esa, caudahavA~, bar3audA, 1920 / / hemacandra - triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1905-09, ( cha: jilda); ( aMgrejI anu0 ) helena, jI o esa, 51 ( 1931); 77 ( 1937 ); 108 ( 1949); 125 ( 1954 ) bdd'audaa| hemacandra - dvayAzraya kAvya ( saMskRta ); do jilda, bI0 esa0 esa0 pUnA; 1915 / hemacandra - kumArapAlacarita yA prAkRta dvayAzraya-kAvya, bI0 esa0 esa. pUnA, 1936 / hemacandra - dezInAmamAlA, prathama saM0, Ara0 pizela, bambaI, 1880; punaH saM0 rAmAnujasvAmI, bI0 esa0 esa0, 17, bambaI, 1628; ema0 bainarjI ( sampA0 ), kalakattA, 1931 / hemacandra - abhidhAnacintAmaNi, maNiprabhA hindI vyAkhyA vimarza sahita, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1964 / (2) jainetara grantha kalhaNa - rAjataraMgiNI, ( sampA0 ) ema0 e0 sTIna, bambaI, 1872 ( aMgrejI anu0 ) vesTaminsTara, 1900 / ( anu0 ) Ara. esa0 paNDita, ilAhAbAda, 1935; (sampA0 ) raghunAtha siMha, vArANasI, 1968 / kauTilya - arthazAstra, ( sampA0 ) Ara0 zAmazAstrI, maisUra, 1924 ( aMgrejI anu* ) maisUra, 1960 / ballAla - bhojaprabandhaH, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1961 / bANa - harSacarita, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI / bilhaNa - vikramAMkadevacarita, (sampA0 ) jI. byUlara, bI0 esa0 esa0 14, pUnA, 1875 /

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206 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana vAkpati - gauDavaho, ( sampA0 ) esa0 pI0 paNDita, bI0 esa0 esa0 34, pUnA, 1927 // somezvara- kIrtikaumudI ( sampA0 ) e0 bI0 kathavaTe; bI0 esa0 esa0 saM0 25, pUnA 1883 ( sampA0 ) jina vijayamuni, bambaI, 1960 / zrIharSa - naiSadhamahAkAvyam, haragovindazAstrI ( hindI vyAkhyAkAra ), caukhambhA amarabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI, 1981 / (3) muslima grantha abula phajla - AIna-e-akabarI, do jilda, ( aMgrejI anu0 ) eca0 blaoNcamaina, bI0 AI0, kalakattA, 1873 ( aMgrejI anu0 ) eca0 esa0 jAreTa, ( saMzodhita ) je0 ena0 sarakAra, kalakattA, 1948 / w alabarUnI - tArIkha - ula - hinda, ( aMgrejI anu0 ) eDavarDa sI0 sakhAU, do jilda, landana, 1910 / punarmudrita, dillI, 1964 / albIrUnI - albIrUnI kA bhArata ( hindI anu0 ) rajanIkAnta zarmA, ilAhAbAda, 1967 / ibnakhaladUna, abdurrahamAna ibnakhaldUna kA mukaddamA, rijavI ( anu0 ), prakAzana zAkhA, sUcanA vibhAga, uttara pradeza, 1961 / phariztA, mo0 kA0 - tArIkha-e-phariztA ( aMgrejI anu0 ) brigsa, di rAija oNpha di mohammada pAvara ina iNDiyA, cAra jilda, landana, 1829, punarmudrita, kalakattA, 1966 / - barnI, jiyAuddIna - tArIkha-e-phirojazAhI, bI0 AI0; iliyaTa aiNDa DAusana, tRtIya, 93-268 / madanagopAla (anu0 ) ibnabatUtA kI bhAratayAtrA yA caudahavIM zatAbdI kA bhArata, kAzI vidyApITha, saM0 1988 / minahAjuddIna sirAja - tabakAta-e-nAsirI ( aMgrejI anu0 ) eca0 jI0 revarTI, do jilda, landana; 1881 / --

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI [207 ( kha ) Adhunika grantha (1) itihAsazAstrIya-grantha iravina, remaNDa --- di heriTeja oNpha di iMgliza lAibrerI, landana, . 1964 / omana, sara cArlsa - oNna di rAiTiMga oNpha hisTarI, landana, 1939 / kAra, I0 eca0 - hvATa ija hisTarI,pelikana buksa, 1964 / kAra, I0 eca0 - itihAsa kyA hai, (hi0 anu0 ) azoka cakradhara, maikamilana, naI dillI, 1979 / kAliMgauDa, Ara0 jI0 - da AiDiyA oNpha hisTarI, landana, 1963 / caube, jhArakhaNDe - itihAsa-darzana, vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI, 1984 // jonsa, DablyU. levisa - kaimbrija hisTarI oNpha iMgliza liTarecara, ji0 1, kaimbrija, 1963 / TaoNmasana, je0 DablyU. -hisTarI oNpha hisTaoNrikala rAiTiMgsa, do ___ jilda, nyUyArka, 1958 / DArsI, ema0 sI0 - di mIniMga aiNDa maiTara oNpha hisTarI, nyUyArka, 1961 / nauraDAu, maiksa - di iNTarapreTezana oNpha hisTarI, anu0 haimilTana, landana, 1910 / pAThaka, vI0 esa0 - ainziyeNTa hisToriensa oNpha iNDiyA, bambaI, 1966 / philipsa, sI0 eca0 ( sampA)-hisToriensa oNpha iNDiyA, pAkistAna aiNDa sIlona, landana, 1962 / barkhArTa, je0 - jajameNTsa oNna hisTarI aiNDa hisToriensa, ( aMgrejI ___ anu0 ) hairI jaoNna, 1959 / buddhaprakAza - itihAsa-darzana, uttara pradeza, 1968 /

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208 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana majumadAra, Ara0 sI0 - hisToriyograeNphI ina maoNDarna iNDiyA, bambaI, 1970 / reniyara, jI0 je0 - hisTarI : iTsa parapaja aiNDa methaDa, landana, 1961 / lakAsa, eca. eca0 - e zaoNrTa hisTarI oNpha sivilAijezana, dvitIya saM0, nyUyArka, 1953 / vArDara, e0 ke0 - aina iNTroDakzana TU iNDiyana hisToriyograiphI pApulara prakAzana, bambaI, 1972 / vAlza, DablyU. eca0 - aina iNTroDakzana TU philaoNsaphI oNpha hisTarI, landana, 1956 / viliyamsa, sI0 eca0 - di maoNDarna hisToriensa, 1938 / hasana, mohibula ( sampA0 ) - hisToriensa oNpha meDivala iNDiyA, meraTha, 1968 / hArDI, pI0 - hisToriensa oNpha meDivala iNDiyA, landana, 1960 / ( 2 ) anya itihAsa grantha avasthI, devIzaMkara ( sampA0 ) - sAhitya vidhAoM kI prakRti, ___maikamilana, naI dillI, 1981 / AcArya, jI0 vI0 - hisTaoNrikala inskripzansa oNpha gujarAta, bambaI, 1933-35 / iliyaTa, henarI ema0 eNDa DAusana, jaoNna- da hisTarI oNpha iNDiyA aija TolDa bAI iTsa ona hisToriensa, ATha jilda, landana, 1867-77; punarmudrita, ilAhAbAda / upAdhyAya, vAsudeva - gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, dvitIya khaNDa, iNDiyana presa, ilAhAbAda, 1970 / ojhA, gaurIzaMkara - rAjapUtAnA kA itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, dvitIya saM0, ajamera, 1933 / kapAr3iyA, eca. Ara0 - di jaina rilijana aiNDa liTarecara, lAhaura, 1944 /

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI [209 kAntisAgara - AcArya zrIjinadattasUri, jabalapura, vi0 saM0 2007 / kItha, e0 bI0 - e hisTarI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara, oNksaphorDa 1924 (hindI bhASA0) maMgaladeva zAstrI, saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, dillI, 1960 / gulerI, candradhara zarmA - purAnI hindI, tR0 saM0, nA0 pra0 sabhA, kAzI, saM0 2032 / gopAla, lallanajI- da ikanAmika lAipha ina naoNrdarna iNDiyA, motI. ____ lAla banArasIdAsa, vaaraannsii| gopAla, lallanajI -- arlI meDivala kvAyana-TAipsa oNpha naoNrdarna iNDiyA, da nyU mismaiTika sosAiTI oNpha iNDiyA, vArA NasI, 1966 / gopAla, lallanajI aura yAdava, brajanAtha siMha - bhAratIya saMskRti, vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, gorakhapura, 1958 / gopAlAcArI- arlI hisTarI oNpha da Andhra kaNTrI, madrAsa, 1942 / caudharI, jI0 sI0 - paoNliTikala hisTarI oNpha naoNrdarna iNDiyA phraoNma jaina sorseja, amRtasara, 1954 / caudharI, jI0 sI0 - jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, bhAga 6, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1973 / jaina, kAmatA prasAda - hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, vArANasI, 1947 / jaina; je0 pI0 - da jaina-sorseja oNpha da hisTarI oNpha aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA, dillI, 1964 / jaina, sI0 ela0 - jaina bibliyograiphI, bhAratI jaina pariSad, kalakattA, 1945 / jaina, zrIcandra - jaina kathAoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, rozanalAla jaina aiNDa sansa, jayapura, 1971 / jaina, hIrAlAla - bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1962 / 14

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210 ] jainI, je0 ela0 jainI, je 0 0 ela0 1925 / joharApurakara, vidyAdhara aura kAlasIvAla, kastUracandra vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI, 1975 / TaMka; TaoNDa, jemsa " prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana AuTa lAinsa oNpha jainijma, kaimbrija | da hArTa oNpha jainijma e rivyU, ambAlA, sama DisTigvizDa jainsa, dillI, 1918 | enalsa eNDa eNTikviTIja oNpha rAjasthAna, tIna jilda ( krUka), landana, 1920 / De, ena0 ela0 - jyograiphikala DikzanarI oNpha aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA, 1899, punaH saMskaraNa, landana, 1927 // darzanavijaya, jJAnavijaya, nyAyavijaya jaina paramparAno itihAsa (gujarAtI), prathama bhAga, surendranagara, 1952 // desAI, ema0 DI0 dAdA zrIjinakuzalasUri, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa ( gujarAtI ), jaina zvetAmbara pariSada, bambaI, 1933 / nAhaTA, agaracandra aura nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1996 // nAhaTA, agaracandra aura nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla sUri, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 2003 / nijAmI, ke0 e0 sama AspekTsa oNpha relijana aiNDa paoNliTiksa ina iNDiyA DyUriMga di tharTIntha sencurI, alIgar3ha, 1961 / pANDe, govindacandra ( sampA0 ) - itihAsa : svarUpa evaM siddhAnta, rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI, jayapura, 1973 // Andhra sAtavAhana sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, dillI, 1963 / pANDeya, candrabhAna pANDeya, rAjabalI vikramAditya oNpha ujjayinI, vArANasI, yU0 esa0 -- wwws - 1 And - yuga pradhAna zrIjinadatta - 1951 / pANDeya, rAjabalI - hisTaoNrikala aiNDa liTarI inskrapzaMsa, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI, 1962 /

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI [ 211 premI, nAthUrAma - jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI, saMzodhita saM0 1956 / phorbasa, e. ke. - rAsamAlA ( hindI anu0 ), ( sampA0 ) gopAla nArAyaNa bahurA, tIna jilda; maMgala prakAzana, jayapura, 1958-1964 / belAnI, phatehacandra - jaina-grantha aura granthakAra, sanmati prakAzana, naM0 4, vArANasI, 1950 / byUlara, jI* je0 - oNna da iNDiyana sekTa oNpha da jainAja, ( sampA0 ) je0 bargesa, landana, 1903 / byUlara, jI0 je0 - lAipha oNpha hemacandrAcArya, ( aMgrejI anu0 ) ___ ema0 paTela, sijaina 5, ahamadAbAda, 1931 / byUlara, jI0 je0 - hemacandrAcArya jIvanacaritra (hi. anu0 ), bAThiyA kastUramala, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1967 / bhaNDArakara, Ara0 jI0 - arlI hisTarI oNpha Dekkana, tRtIya saM0, kalakattA, 1928 / majumadAra, e0 ke0 - cAlukyAja oNpha gujarAta; bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1956 / majumadAra, Ara0 sI0 aiNDa pusAlakara, e0 DI0 ( sampA0 ) - da eja oNpha impIriyala kannauja, bambaI, 1957 / yAjadAnI, jI0 ( sampA0 )- dakana kA prAcIna itihAsa, hi. ___ saMskaraNa, maikamilana, naI dillI, 1977 / rijavI, e0 e0 - Adi turkakAlIna bhArata, alIgar3ha, 1956 / re, eca0 sI0 - da DAyanesTika hisTarI oNpha naoNrdarna iNDiyA, do jilda, kalakattA, 1931, 1936 / laoN, bI0 sI0 - hisTorikala jyograiphI oNpha aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA, perisa, 1954 / viNTaranitja, ema0 --- hisTarI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, ji0 2, kalakattA, 1933 /

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212 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana viNTaranitja, ema0 - da jainsa ina da hisTarI oNpha iNDiyana liTa recara, ahamadAbAda, 1946 / vilsana, eca0 eca0 - da hindU hisTarI oNpha kazmIra, suzIla guptA prA0 li0, kalakattA, 1960 / sTIna, oNTo - da jinisTika sTaDIja, ahamadAbAda, 1948 / sTIvensana, miseja esa0 - da hArTa oNpha jainijma, AksaphorDa, 1915 / sarakAra, DI0 sI0 - sTaDIja ina da jyograiphI oNpha aiMzyeNTa eNDa meDivala iNDiyA, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1960 / sANDesarA, bI0 ela0 - hemacandrAcArya kA ziSya maNDala, vArANasI, 1951 / sANDesarA, bI0 ela0 - liTararI sakila oNpha mahAmAtya vastupAla aiNDa iTsa kaoNnTrIbyUzana TU saMskRta liTarecara, sijaina 33, bambaI, 1951 / sANDesarA, bI0 ela0 - mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala aura saMskRta sAhitya meM usakI dena, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI, 1959 / sANDesarA aiNDa thAkara - leksikogrephikala sTaDIja ina jaina saMskRta, orieNTala iMsTIcyUTa, bar3audA, 1962 / seTha, sI0 bI0 - jainijma ina gujarAta, bambaI, 1953 / sena, amUlyacandra - elimeNTsa oNpha jainijma, bhArata vidyA, bihAra, saM0 3, 1953 / zAstrI, nemicandra - bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina vAGmaya kA avadAna, dvitIya khaNDa, a0 bhA0 digambara jaina vidvat pariSad, 1943 / habIba, mohammada va nijAmI, khAlika ahamada ( sampA0 )-dillI saltanata, bhAga-1, prathama hi. saM0, maikamilana, naI dillI, 1982 / .

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI / 213 hega, vUljale ( sampA0 )- kaimbrija hisTarI oNpha iNDiyA, ji0 3, kaimbrija, 1931 / tripAThI, Ara0 esa0 - hisTarI oNpha kannauja, vArANasI, 1937 / (ga) koza ApTe, vI0 esa0 - da sTUDeNTsa saMskRta-iMgliza DikzanarI, dillI, 1965 / ApTe, vI0 esa0 - da sTUDeNTsa iMgliza-saMskRta DikzanarI, dillI, 1968 / bArkara, ela. merI-pIyarsa sAiklopIDiyA, 77 vA~ saM0; 1968 / varmA, dhIrendra tathA anya ( sampA0)- hindI sAhitya koza, bhAga 1, va 2, jJAnamaNDala li., vArANasI, saM0 2020 / velaNakara, eca0 DI0 - jinaratnakoza : grantha 1, bhaNDArakara ori eNTala risarca iMsTIcyUTa, pUnA, 1944 / zarmA, caturvedI dvArakA prasAda - caritrakoza, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, naI dillI, 1983 / zukla, zrIkRSNa - hindI-paryAyavAcI koza, bhArgava pustakAlaya, banArasa, 1935 / zeTha, haragovindadAsa, TI0 - pAia-sadda-mahANNavo (prAkRta zabda mahArNava ), kalakattA, 1928 / sahAya, rAjavaMza 'hIrA' - saMskRta sAhityakoza, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, Aphisa, vArANasI, 1973 / sAkariyA, AcArya badarI prasAda evaM sAkariyA, bhUpatirAma - rAja sthAnI-hindI zabdakoza, prathama saMskaraNa, paMcazIla prakAzana, jayapura, 1977 / (gha) patrikAdi anekAnta ( hindI ), dillI / AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha /

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214 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana iNDiyana eNTikverI, bambaI / iNDiyana hisTorikala kvArTarlI / epigraiphiyA iNDikA, uTakamaNDa / enalsa oNpha da bhaNDArakara orieNTala risarca insTIcyUTa, pUnA / gajeTiyara oNpha da bAmbe presIDensI, ji0 1, bhAga eka va do; bambaI, 1896 / jarnala oNpha da eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha baMgAla, klkttaa| jarnala oNpha da bAmbe brAJca oNpha da raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI, bmbii| jarnala oNpha da raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI, AyaralaiNDa, briTena aiNDa laNDana / jaina-bhAratI, klkttaa| jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka ( hindI, gujarAtI), ahamadAbAda / jaina, satyaprakAza, ahamadAbAda / jaina hitaiSI ( hindI ) bmbii| premI abhinandana grantha; bambaI, 1946 / prosIDiMgsa oNpha da iNDiyana hisTarI kA~gresa / nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA (hindI), vaaraannsii| bhAratIya vidyA, bmbii| maoNDarna rivyU / zramaNa, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vaaraannsii|

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rAjazekhara kAlIna bhArata kA mAnacitra - - -- ............. rAjazekhara kAlIna bhArata zrInagara turuSka / 7 dillI ..............mathurA jAbAliMpura sapAdalakSa gopagiri pryaag| zrImAla TiMparI ujjayinI kozI........lakSaNAvatI e al?......... 24R 2vAyA daulatAbAda 32pratiSThAna" - kolhApura araba sAgara .. baMgAla kI khAr3I hinda mahAsAgara 72 80 - -

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a akabara 24 akalaMka 53 ajamera ajayapAla akalaMkacarita agnibetAla agnimitra acyutakalpa ( bArahavA~ svarga ) - - 77 71 -- - - - - - 75 117, 130 Ti0, 142, aNahilavAr3A (de0 aNahillapura ) aNahillapura ( pattana ) - 13 14, 62-63, 93 ananta (nAga ) abula phajla 130 1 Ti0 atharvaveda anaMga -harSa ( harSa kavi kA virud ) 62 - 144 77 anukramaNikA 94-95, 103, BANGL anantapAla 131 anupamA anekAnta 96-98 39 Ti0 - 51, 53 anekAnta jayapatAkA anekArtharatnamaJjUSA - 19 Ti0 antarkathA saMgraha 19 95 Ti0, 117, 80 Ti0 abU abdullA muhammada ( de0 ibnabatUtA ) abU muhammada alahasana Ti0 abdurrahamAna - 139 Ti0 abdula haka ( maulavI ) - 139 abdullA AyazA 139 Ti0 abdullA jAbira 139 Ti0 abbAsa 139 Ti0 abhayadeva sUri - 16 abhidhAnacintAmaNi ( abhici ) dodava - 2 Ti0, 19 Ti0, 59, 88 Ti0, 103 Ti0 amaracandra ( kavi ) - 62, Ti0, -------------------- L 63 amaracandrakavi prabandha ( prako ke antargata terahavA~ prabandha ) 62-63 Sa --- amitagati amida 27 amIra khusaro aija e hisToriyana 175 Ti0 ambikA devI 139 21 46 araba 182, 187 arabI ( araba nivAsI ) 148 arabI itivRttakAra - 155 - - -

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anukramaNikA [ 217 arabI (bhASA)-172 allaTarAja - 14 Ti. arabI yAtrI- 140, 176 avadha-165 arAvalI - 69 Ti0 avanti - 47, 49, 66, 77 arisiMha - 26, 62-63, 99 avantipati-78 Ti0, 101 azoka maurya - 74, 168, 171 ariSTanemi - 90 aSTaka - 21 arjuna - 99 aSTakulI ( ATha pramukha sarpa )arNorAja (cAlukyavaMzIya)- 80 Ti. 102-04 Ti0, 126-127 aSTAdhyAyI - 69 Ti0 Ti0, 128 aSTApada - 69, 72 arthazAstra ( grantha )- 136 asabiyA ( sAmUhikatA)-189 arddhacakravartI - 145 asama - 76 arbudaparvata - 69, 72 askarI, saiyyada hasana - 175 arbuda zikhara - 97, 135, Ti0, 141 Ti0 ahamadAbAda - 31 arhatdAsa ( saMbhavataH vizeSaNa) ahAdIsa ( paramparAe~ ) - 139 -64-65 Ti0, 172 arhadatta - 76 A alamaMsUra ( siMdha kI araba rAja- AIna-e-akabarI - 95 Ti., dhAnI)-148 117 Ti0, 130 Ti0 / alAuddIna khaljI - 25, 174, Akara ( pUrvI mAlavA)- 48, 177, 182 aljIriyA - 187 Agama graMtha - 111, 136 Ti. albIrUnI, abUrIhAna muhammada - AcArAGga - 38 Ti0 16, 110 Ti0, 145, AcArya, jI0 bI0 - 121 Ti. 172 Ti0 AcArya bhikSu smRti graMtha -7 Ti. albIrUnI kA bhArata ( anu raja- AtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka nIkAnta zarmA)- 172 Ti0 graMtha --- 38 Ti. albIrUnI kA bhArata ( sakhAU)- Adi turkakAlIna bhArata - 177 145 Ti. Ti0

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218 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana AdinAtha - 46, 152 Arya maMgu - 41 Adiparva - 56 Ti0, 62 Ti. AryarakSita - 7 Ti0, 11, 40 AdipurANa - 1, 2 Ti. Avazyaka niyukti-30 Ti0, 43 Adi saMhanana - 58 . Aza ( sa ) rAja - 96, 99 AnAka (arNorAja )- 57, 161 127, 128, 159 Andolaka ( rAga)- 18 iMgliza cainala - 185 oNpheNDIkulam ( tanika doSa yukta) iMgliza nezana - 183 -- 184 AbU ( parvata ) - 14, 72, 97, iMglaiNDa - 183-146 134, 141 iklIjiesTikala hisTarI oNpha da Abhar3a prabandha (prako ke antargata iMgliza nezana - 183 teisavA~ prabandha ) - 93-95. iNDikA - 114 142, 160 iNDiyana eNTikverI -71 Ti0, Abhar3a ( zreSThI) - 3, 4 Ti0, 84 Ti0 85, Ti0, 99 Ti0, 93-95, 117, 118 102 Ti0, 151 Ti. Ama nAgAvaloka ( kannauja kA iNDiyana hisTorikala kvArTaralI rAjA nAgabhaTTa dvitIya)- - 149 Ti. 51, 54, 55 Ti0, 56, itihAsa ke lie prayukta zabda - 126, 138, 156 Ambhar3a ( maMtrI va senApati ) itihAsa darzana - 107-110 AmbhI - 133 Ti0 itihAsa-darzana (graMtha)-168 Ti0 AyaMgara, esa0 ke0 - 137 Ti0 itihAsa-lakhana - 110 Armeniyana - 185 itihAsavAda - 108 AryakhapaTAcArya prabandha ( prako ke itihAsazAstra - 67, 106, antargata cauthA prabandha ) - 107, 109, 112 Ti0, 113 42-44 ipigaiphiyA iNDikA ( de0 epiAryanandila - 40, 41, 157 graMphiyA iNDikA) Aryanandila prabandha (prako ke anta- ibara ( viveka yA bodha)-188 rgata dUsarA prabandha )-40-41 ibrAhIma, ejjeddIna - 139 Ti0 109

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anukramaNikA [ 219 91 innakhaldUna -- 177, 188, 189 utkhAtapratiropitavratAcArya ( kuTi. mArapAla kA virud )- 58 ibnabatUtA - 17, 25, 27, 90 uttarapradeza - 165 Ti0, 91, 176 Ti. uttara bhArata - 16 . ibnamasUda - 139 Ti. uttarAdhyayana - 38 Ti. ibnasaIda - 139 utpala-vaMza - 88-89 inAyatanAmAye ilAhI - 27 utpalApIr3a ( kazmIra kA rAjA) indra ( devarAja )- 83 iltutamiza - 27, 100, 105, udayaprabhasUri - 26, 100, 112 133, 134, 173 udayana maMtrI ( vaidehI putra ) - izAka khA~ ( navAba ) -- 174 / / 60, 81 Ti0, 95, 164 isAbelA ( mahArAnI ) - 186 udayana (de0 vatsarAja udayana) isAmI-27, 175 Ti. udyogaparva - 56 Ti. islAma - 139 Ti0, 140 udyotanasuri - 53 upadezacintAmaNi - 21 upadezataraMgiNI - 120 Ti0; IzvarI prasAda - 25 Ti0, 90 123 Ti0, 100 Ti0, 173 Ti0, upadezamAlA - 21 179 Ti0 upAdhyAya, baladeva - 107 Ti0 IsAI - 155 upAdhyAya, vAsudeva - 50 Ti. upAdhye, e. ena0 - 50 Ti0 umara - 139 Ti. ugrasena - 22 uSkUra -88 uccala -87, 89-90 ujjayanta - 118 ujjayinI -- 14, 47-49, 61, Udala ( vAstukalAkAra ) - 97 63, 65, 70-71, 74, 76, 80, 146 RSabhadeva -81, 97 ujjaina- 65 Ti0,74-75, 105 RSabhavaMzIya - 81 / / uDavArDa, I0 ela0 - 182 Ti:- RSidatta .- 96 184 Ti0 RSibhASitAkhya - 38 Ti0

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220 ] e - ekAdaza aMga - 59 ekAkSaranAmamAlA eTA 173 eDikzanarI oNpha islAma 188 Ti0 epigraiphiyA iNDikA - 46 Ti0, 49 Ti0, 63 Ti0, 67 Ti0, 80 Ti0, 84 Ti0, 99 Ti0, 145 Ti0 ensAiklopIDiyA amerikAnA prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana wwwww 19 188 Ti0 ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha relijana aiNDa ithiksa - 73 Ti0 ensAiklopIDiyA briTainikA - 144 Ti0, 183 Ti0 184 Ti0, 186 Ti0 kaMthaMDI ( zaivAcArya ) - 161 kaMsa - 85 kaTaka ( maMtrI ) 132 185 Ti0 kaNTikA ( gaNikA ) ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha islAma kathavate 99, 101 Ti 35 kathAkoza kathAratnAkara 121 wwdcm 19 kathA saMgraha - kathAsaritsAgara 81 Ti0 kathAsaritsAgara tathA bhAratIya saMskRti 168 Ti0 eriyana - 114 ehisTarI oNpha muslima hisTo riyographI 189 Ti0 M - ---- ai aitareya brAhmaNa 56 Ti0 aibaka, kutubuddIna (de0 kutubuddIna lAkhabakhza ) ojhA, gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda - 18 Ti0, 38, 39 Ti0, 67 Ti omana, sara cArlsa 111 Ti0 au ophI, nUrUddIna muhammada - 27, 173 -- ka --- -1 kadrU - 80 Ti0 kapardI - 119 - kapATa ( caturtha kSetrapati ) Ti0 - o oGkAranagara - 47-48, 49 Ti0 kaniSkapura - 88 omakArapura - 45-46 kannighama - 56 Ti0 kapilavastu - 63 'kabAr3I' - 83, 129Ti0 24 kabIra kamalAditya 62 kaniSka 77, 88, 171 - 54 S - 87

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anukramaNikA / 221 kannauja ( de0 kAnyakubja bhI)- kAMtipurI - 41 54, 56, 60, 89, 171 kAThiyAvAr3a - 72, 98; 165 karakaNDucariu - 10,81 kAtantravyAkaraNa - 22 karAcI-90 kAtyAyana - 22 karkoTaka ( nAga ) -80 Ti0 kAtyAyana gotra - 47 karNa - 145 kAdi dAnapatra - 102 Ti0 karNadeva ---- 15 Ti0, 83 kAnyakubja - 51, 54-56 Ti0 karNATa - 63, 83 kApar3iyA, hIrAlAla rasikadAsa karNATaka - 16, 65, 165 kalA-kalApa ( graMtha ) - 62 kAmadeva - 62 Ti0 kaliMga - 66 kAmarUpa -70 Ti0-71 Ti0, 76 kalikAla sarvajJa (hemacandra kA kAmpilya - 56 virud ) -- 59 kAra, I0 eca0 - 37 Ti0, kalpapradIpa (vitIka kA apara 106 Ti0, 124, 137 Ti0 nAma) kAraNatva - 124-136 kalpavRkSa - 120 kAramAikela lekcarsa -81 Ti0 kArAkorama - 63 kalpavyavahAra - 38 Ti. kalyANamaMdirastotra - 47 kArnavAla -- 184 kalyANavijaya - 147 Ti. kArlAila- 37 kAlakrama - 143-154 kalhaNa - 26, 20, 48, Ti0, kAlamegha (ha)-87 Ti0 89, 91, 107, 167 Ti--- 170 Ti0, 171, 191 kAlamUrti ( kAlapuruSa ) -87, 90-91 kalhaNasa rAjataraMgiNi-87 kaoNliMgauDa, Ara0 jI0 - Ti0, 167, 171 Ti. 111 Ti. kavizikSA (de0 kAvya-kalpalatA) kAliMjara - 55 kazmIra - 16, 28, 60, 71, kAliMjara abhilekha -- 85 Ti0 76, 86-91, 93, 140, kAlidAsa - 62, 121 148, 166, 170-171, kAvya-kalpalatA - 62 191 kAvyAnuzAsana - 59 kazyapa -80 Ti. kAzI-60-61, 133

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222 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana kitAba ala-ibara - 187, 189 kumArapAla carita ( jinamaNDana kinnara - 170 kRta)-58, 116, 116 kirAta - 70 Ti. Ti0-117 Ti, 123, 192 kItha, e0 bI0 - 168 Ti. kumArapAlacarita (somatilakakIrtana ( itivRtta ) - 110, Ti0, sUri kRta ) - 118, 120 138, Ti0 kumArapAla caritra saMgraha - 94, kIrtikaumudI - 26, 62, Ti0, 117-118 Ti0, 123 84 Ti0, 99, Ti0, 100, kumArapAladeva carita (ajJAta101 Ti. __kartaka ) --- 117, 120 kumArapAladeva prabandha - 120 kuNAla - 1, 74 kuNika -1 kumArapAla pratibodha ( somaprabhakutubamInAra - 176 sUri kRta)- 117-118 kutubuddIna (lAkhabakhza )-26- kumArapAla prabandha-58, Ti084 27, 173 Ti0, 95, Ti0, 127 Ti0, 130 Ti0 kuntIbhoja - 63 kumArapAla prabodha prabandha (purAtanAkundakunda - 34 cArya saMgrahita )-117-120 kumAragrAma -- 49 kumArapAlabhUpAlacarita - 84 kumAragupta ( kumAradeva )- 49 Ti0-85 Ti0, 127 Ti0, kumAradeva prabandha -60 130 Ti0 kumAradevI ( vastupAla kI mAtA) kumAradeva ( mantrI)- 82 - 96, 99, 161 kumArazakti (de0 zaktikumAra kumArapAla - 24, 26, 57-59, bhI)- 67 93-95, 103-104, 117- kumArila --- 53 118, 118 Ti-119 Ti0, kamadacandra ( siddhasena divAkara kA 121, 126-128, Ti0, 130, bAlyakAlIna nAma)- 47, Ti, 156, 159, 163 159 kumArapAla carita ( jayasiMhasUri- kumbhalamera - 75 kRta) 10, 12, 26, 49, kuripura - 47, 49 Ti0, 58, 95, 108 Ti0, kulika ( nAga ) - 80 Ti0 119 Ti0 - 120 Ti0 kuvalayamAlA - 53

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134 anukramaNikA [ 223 kuSANa - 148 Ti. kolika ( yuddhAlu jana-jAti ) kuSANakAla -88 kUSmANDI devI - 87, 90 kozala - 44-45 kRSNa ( purANokta ) - 22, 66, / kozalA (grAma)-47 85, 90 kozAmbI, DI0 DI0 - 106 Ti0 kRSNa ( sajjana kA putra ) - 35 kauTilya -2, 136 kRSNakavi - 65 kautukakathA -20 kRSNagiri ( vAyupurANokta)-62 ko mudI mahotsava - 148 Ti. kRSNanagara ( kRSNagrAma-kapilavastu kauzAmbI -80-81 ke samIpa) - 62-63 kraoNnikA mejorA - 182-183, kRSNapakSa - 149, Ti. 185, 187, 189 kRSNapura ( vijayanagara sthita )- kraoNnikyU (kraoNnikalsa)- 182, 185-187, 189 kRSNamAcAriyara - 61 Ti0 kriTikala eproceja TU liTarecara kRSNarAja ( mAna kheTa-nRpati ) - - 143 Ti. krUka, DablyU - 72 Ti0 kRSNarAya ( kRSNadeva rAya ) - kroJcadvIpa -80 Ti. krauJcazvabhra ( grAma ) - 80 Ti. kedAra ( parvata )98 krauJcaharaNa ( nagara ) - 80 kelhaNa - 57, 128 kaikubAda - 117 kaiDavA kaNabI ( jana )- 98 khajAina-ula-phutUha-173-174, kaimbrija hisTarI oNpha iMgliza liTarecara - 183 Ti0 khar3akavAlI pahAr3I-46 kaimbrija hisTarI oNpha iNDiyA - khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya - 60, 114 67 Ti. khapuTa/khapaTa (AcArya ) - 42. koTA -2 43, Ti0, 45, 157 koTikagaNa - 14 khambhAta - 174 komala ( ratnazrAvaka kA putra) kharataragaccha paTTAvali saMgraha --- 38 Ti0-39 Ti0, 41 Ti0 45 182

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224 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana yApArAsa kharataragaccha bRhad gurvAvali - gAthAsaptazatI (gAthA koza zAstra 41 Ti0, 96 Ti0 yA sAtavAhana saMgraha)- 66 kharamukha ( daNDAdhikArI)- 66 Ti0 khalIphA hAruna razIda ( deM hAruna gAna-vidyA - 81 razIda, khalIphA) gAyakavAr3a orieNTala sIrIjakhAravela ( rAjA )- 67 100 Ti-101 Ti0, 150 khigila - 171 Ti. khasaro, amIra -27, 172-174, gAhaDavAla -82, 128, 133 Ti0, 175, Ti0, 182 gibba - 176 Ti. kheTakapura ( gujarAta kI rAjadhAnI giranAra zilAlekha - 121 kher3A)- 51 girinAra - 22, 72, 75 kheTA ( mahAsthAna ) - 50 girividAraNa ( tRtIya kSetrapati ) kher3A (de0 kheTakapura bhI)-45 -87 Ti. khoTika ( SaSTha kSetrapati )-87 gItA (zrImadbhagavadgItA )Ti0 113, Ti0, 144, 172 Ti. khvAjA abU nasra ( nAsarI) gujarAta -4, 6, 8, 10, 1227, 173 13, 16-17, 24, 26, 28, 45-46, 58, 61, 92-93, gaganagAminIvidyA-15, 44,78 96, Ti0, 97, 100-101, gaGgA - 16, 60, 133, Ti. 104-105, 118, Ti0, 127, gajanI ( pradeza ) -- 175 133, 135, 140-141, 146, gajanI ( mahamUda)- 172 Ti0, 158, 161-162, 165, gajavazIkaraNa vidyA -81 170-171, 174, 181, 191 gajAma jilA -49 gujarAtI-kAvya - 73 gandharva - 170 guDazastrapura -- 42-43 gardabhilla - 133 guNacandra ( pUrNimA gaccha ) -- 22 gardabhI vidyA - 15, 133 guNacandra ( hemasUri gaccha )- 94 gayAsuddIna tugalaka - 173 guNabhaprasUri - 23 gADarAraghaTTa - 95 gupta-sAmrAjya - 148 Ti. gAthApaJcakam -144 . gurjara nareza -- 85

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anukramaNikA [225 gurjarabhUmi ( gurjaradharA ) - 41, grahaNa-prastAva - 115 103-104, 135 Ti0, 141 grANTa Dapha - 10 Ti. gvAliyara -54 gurjaravaMzIya - 51 gvAliyara abhilekha (prazasti ) gulerI, candradhara zarmA-36 Ti0 55, Ti0 goDUrapura - 43 goNDala - 46 ghaNTA-mAgha ( mAgha kavi kA godrahaHnAtha - 100 virud)-62 godhirA / godhrA | godhA ( Adhu ghUghula ( maNDalIka )- 96, Ti. nika godharA nagara )- 96, 100, 131-132 Ti0, 100, 131 ghoSa, ena0 ena0 - 81 Ti0 gopagiri-56, 138, Ti0 gopAlagiri (gvAliyara ) - caMbala - 69 Ti0, 72-73 54-55 caMbalaghATI - 71-72 gopAla, lallanajI - 49 Ti0 cakravartI - 145 gopAlAcArI - 66 cakrezvarI ( vidyA)- 15, 41, gomatI - 60 Ti0 gorI ( zihAbuddIna )- 26, caNDa ( Thakkura )- 96 172 caNDapradyota - 80 govindacandra ( gAhar3avAla nareza ) caturavijaya (muni)- 16 Ti, 38 Ti0, 112 Ti. gauDadeza -47, 49 Ti0, 54. catarazItikathA - 22 55, 61 caturazItiprabandha - 117 gaur3arAjA - 56 caturaviMzatiprabandha (de. prabandhagaur3alekhamAlA - 80 Ti0 koza) gaur3avaho ( gaur3avadha ) - 54, caturviMzatijinAlaya -89 114, 137 candabaradAyI - 85 Ti. gautamIputra ( sAtakarNi )-77 candela -84-85 granthakAra prazasti (prako ke anta- candra ( de0 candragupta dvitIya bhI) rgata)- 149-151 49-50

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226 1 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana candragupta dvitIya vikramAditya - ciTaNIsa - 10 48-49, 77 cittaur3a - 14 Ti0, 52, 174, candragupta maurya --- 74, 169 182 candraprabhacarita - 10 cittaur3agar3ha abhilekha - 128 Ti. candralekhA ( rAnI)-79, 142 cittaur3a durga - 52 candravaMzI - 73, 81 citrakUTa - 47, 49, 52 candrAvatI - 72-73 cInI (jAti)- 172 carmaNvatI ( Adhanika caMbala) - cUr3acandra ( rAjA)-73 69, Ti0, 70, 72 caube, jhArakhaNDe - 106 Ti0 carmaNvatI kA jaladurga -72 cAlukya ( de0 cAlakya ) cAGgadeva (hemacandra kA bAlya__kAlIna nAma ) - 56-58 chandonuzAsana - 59 cAca, badruddIna muhammada - 27 chandoratnAvalI - 62 cAciga (hemacandra ke pitA) - 56 cApotkaTa vaMza-96, 146, Ti, jagatasiMha - 18 153 jambU svAmI - 58, 147; 156 janakatva - 68, 143, Ti0 cAmuNDarAja -83, 96, 103, janakapada -- 68, 143, Ti0 130 jayacandra ( gAhar3avAla nareza )cAlukya -- 57, 83-85, 96, 59-60, 82, Ti0, 128-129 98, 103-104, Ti0, 105, 133 110, 119, 126-129, 153 jayatAka (kumArapAla kA pUrva159, 162 __ janma kA nAma ) - 34, 58 cAlakyAja oNpha gujarAta - 16 jayantacandra ( de0 jayacandra ) Ti0, 45 Ti0, 96 Ti0, 102 jayanta ( tIrtha)-57 Ti. jayanta siMha -- 98 cAhar3a - 57, 127-128 jayamatI -90 cAhamAna - 57, 126-128, jayasiMha deva ( de0 siddharAja ) 130-131, 145, 153, 159 jayasiMha sUri - 58-59, 84, 162 100-101, 127, 170 ping

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26 jayAnaka jarmanI jarnala oNpha da eziyATika sosA 183 --- iTI oNpha baMgAla 85 Ti0 jarnala oNpha da baoNmbe brAJca oNpha da raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI 58 Ti0, 137 Ti0 jarnala oNpha da yU0 pI0 hisTorikala sosAiTI 71 Ti0 jalAluddIna ( khaljI ) - 177, 179 - - javAmeDala hikAmAtavA lavAmI urarivAyAta - 27 10-11 185-187 - jasaharacariu jAM phoIsAra jAbAlipura jAmanagara jaoNla bela jiJjI jina jinadattasUri 62 jinadAsa ( zrAvaka ) jinapati 33 juSkapura 88 junAgar3ha 22 jinaprabhasUri - 15,17-18, 21, jaitaladevI - 130 - 25, 27, 65 Ti0, 71, 112, 114, 165 - 166 - - - - Gd -- * 145 anukramaNikA - 30 - 186 10 14, 130-131 jinabhadra jinamaNDana - 58, 84, 95 Ti0, 6, 112 116, Ti0, 117, 123, 127, 130, 170, 192 [ 227 jinaratna koza 20 Ti0, 22, 23 Ti0, 30 Ti0, 73 Ti0, 101 Ti0, 112 Ti0 jinavijaya ( muni ) - 6 Ti0, 14 Ti0, 30-31, 53, Ti0, 63 Ti0, 71, Ti0, 79, Ti0, 86, 117 Ti0-118 Ti0, 121 Ti0, 148 Ti0, 159 Ti0, 161-162, 163 Ti0-165 Ti0 jinasena ( 837 I0 ) - 1,2, 70-71 48 jinaharSagaNi - 99, 102 jIvadeva sUri ---- -- - 157 jIvadevasUriprabandha ( prako ke antagata tIsarA prabandha ) 41 42, 125, 146 juSka ( kuSANavaMzIya vaziSka ) 88 41-42, 62, jaina kahAniyoM Ti0 15 76 jaina gAyana ( vidyA ) jaina gurjara kaviyoM 73 Ti0 jaina grantha aura granthakAra 12 Ti0 jaina granthAvalI - wwedding - 53 Ti0

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228 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana jaina paramparAno itihAsa - 14 Ta Ti0, 38 Ti0-39 Ti0, 41 TaoNDa - 75 Ti. Ti0, 43 Ti0, 46 Ti0, 48 TaoNnI, sI0 eca0 - 103 Ti0, Ti0, 50 Ti0-53 Ti0, 72 155 Ti0, 74 Ti0.75 Ti0, 78 TesITorI - 20 Ti0, 949 Ti0 TaisiTasa - 115 jainapustaka prazasti saMgraha - 92 Ti0 Trevara-ropara - 32 jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa- Trevelsa oNpha ibnabatUtA - 90 2 Ti0, 11 Ti0; 20 Ti0, Ti. 22 Ti0, 45 Ti0, 50 Ti0, TyUnisa - 187 99 Ti0, 121 Ti0, 156Ti. jaina sAhityano itihAsa - 41 Ti0 Thakkura vaijala - 62 jaina sUtra - 81 jaina stotra-sandoha - 16 Ti. jaina sthavirAvalI - 39 Ti0 DAiceja, DeviDa - 143 Ti0 jaina, hIrAlAla - 20 Ti0, 35 DAina - 170 Ti. DAkinI vidyA - 170 jo iravina, remaNDa - 183 Ti. DAmara - 87 jonarAja - 170 DArsI, e0 sI0 - 32 Ti0 jonsa, DablyU levisa -183 Ti0 DAhala -80 184 Ti0 DikzanarI oNpha varlDa liTarecara ozI, nIlakaNTha puruSottama - - 137 Ti. 81 Ti0 joharApurakara va kAlasIvAla - Dummukha ( de0 durmukha ) 50 Ti0, 53 Ti0 DUmbAudhI ( grAma ) - 53, 56 jyotiSakaraNDa TIkA - 45 De, ena0 ela0 - 45 Ti0 DelA upAzraya - 31 jhAlarApaTTana -72 DeviDa brUsa - 185 jhA, siddhanAtha --- 2 Ti0 . DyUka klairensa - 185

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anukramaNikA [ 229 71 tArIkha-e-phIrojazAhI - 27, DhaGka ( parvata ) - 44, 46 177 va Ti0-181 va Ti0, DhaGka ( nagara ) - 78 182, 189 DhAGka (grAma)-46 tArIkhI ravAyata (aitihAsika DhAGka (prAcIna DhaGka)- 46 paramparAe~ )- 140 DhipurItIrtha kalpa ( vitIka ke tithi ( saMvatsara kI tArIkha)antargata prabandha ) - 71, 149, 153, 171 166 tilakasUri - 16, 114, Ti. DhipurI nagarI- 69-70, 72-73; tilaGga -83 tilatilapaTTaNa ( pAlitANA /DhAMka __75-76 grAma kA prAcIna nAma)DhipurIstava ( vitIka ke antargata 46, 78 Ti. prabandha )-71 DhillikA ( vartamAna dillI) turuSka - 95 turka-mleccha - 148, 172 tulasI - 24 tuhaphata-ala-najjAra phI garAyaba tapagacchapaTTAvali - 43 ala amasAra ba ajAyaba ala taphasIra ( TIkA) - 172 aphasAra ( ibnabatUtA kA tabakAta-e-nAsirI-139, 173, yAtrA-vivaraNa ) - 176 ____Ti0, 175, 177 tUtI-e hinda (de0 khusaro, amIra) taraMgalolA ( campUkAvya )-45 tejapAla- 95-100, 102, 105, taraMgavatI - 45 131-132, 138, 146, 150 sahakIka-e-hinda - 172 161 takSaka -80 Ti0 telaMgAnA - 16, 25 takSazilA - 133 taipUra - 189 tAjuddIna hasana --- 172 tai, bahAdura - 100 toramANa - 171 tAptI ( nadI)- 66, 144 tArIkha ( itihAsa)-188 tArIkha-e-alAI (de0 khajAina- thApara, romilA - 7 Ti0, 136 ula-phutUha) Ti0

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230 ] thAmaNA 51 thyUsIDiDiyana itivRtta - 155 da jaina sorseja oNpha da hisTarI oNpha aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA - 2 Ti0, 7 Ti0, 39 Ti0, 48 Ti0, 50 Ti0, 144 Ti0 da jainsa ina da hisTarI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara - 7 Ti0, 11 Ti0 da TreDizansa ina islAma 140 Ti0 dalahI saltaneta dama dabhoI prazasti dazaratha maurya dazavaikAlika - prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana - - --- 176 Ti0 99 175 Ti0 74 38 Ti0 dazAzrutaskandha da hisTarI oNpha iNDiyA aija TolDa bAI iTsa ona hisTo - riensa ( iliyaTa aiNDa DAusana ) 173 Ti0- 174 Ti0, 176 Ti0-179 Ti0, 181 Ti0 38 Ti0 de heriTeja oNpha da iMgliza lAya183 Ti0 brerI dakSiNa bhArata ( dakSiNApatha ) 16, 66, 83, 144, 165, 182 dakSiNAvarta zaGkha 92-93, 97 dAr3aka ( pradhAna maMtrI ) 92 dAnava 170 - dAnaSaTtriMzikA dAmanta, jI0 eca0 dAsa, eca0 jI0 53 Ti0 dAsavaMza 134 dAhar3a 42, Ti0, 43 digambara - ww dillI ------ ---- 159, 192, 193 - 16, 24, 97, 134, 141, Ti0, 158, 171, 175 Ti0, 176, 191 1 -- 114 dIpavaMsa dIpazikhA kAlidAsa (kAlidAsa kA virud ) dIvAna ( sAhitya kI eka vidhA ) 62 174 74, 84, 107, Ti0, Add 22 dIvAnA 27 1 dunduka ( rAmabhadra ) - 54-55 ------- durdhara 71 Ti0, 76 durmukha (Dummukha ) durlabharAja durvinIta 83, 103 60 -- 151 Ti0 - wwwww 56 dulavA ( grAma ) devagar3ha jaina stambha abhilekha 145 Ti0 devagiri ( daulatAbAda ) 66, 56 174 57 devacandra sUri devapAla ( devagupta / devarAja ) - 47, 49, Ti0, 50

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devabhUti ( antima zuGgarAjA ) - 43, 44 Ti0 devabhUmi ( kSemabhUmi- de0 devabhUti ) devarSi ( siddhasena ke pitA ) - 47 * 57, 127 devala ( lla ) devI devasikA / devazrI ( siddhasena kI 47 mAtA ) devAditya 50 desAI, mohana lAla dulIcandra 20 Ti0, 22, Ti0 dezInAmamAlA dohana abhilekha 84 Ti0 58 Ti0, 59 daulatAbAda - 25, 88, 175, Ti0 droNaparva 56 Ti0 dvayAzrayakAvya ( de0 prAkRta dvayA - dvAravatI w - dharAdhara ---- zrayakAvya ) dvAdaza aMga 59 dvAdaza rudra (siddharAja kA virud ) 83 -- ------ - 78 ---- anukramaNikA - dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA deva 47 dvivedI, maNilAla nabhubhAI - 31 dvivedI, hajArI prasAda 103 Ti0 dvaipAyana ( vyAsajI ) 112, Ti0, 113 25 dha dhanapAla ( mahAkavi ) - 61 Ti0, 156 dharmaRSi 70, 76 dharmakIrti - 53 Zom dharmadatta - 70, 76 dharmadAsa gaNi 21 dharmadeva ( zreSThI ) 41 54-55 dharmapAla dharmAbhyudaya ( saMghapaticaritra ) - - 112 dharmottara (vidvAna ) 53 dhavala ( de0 vIradhavala ) dhavalakka - 14, 61-63, 96-97, 125, 131 dhArA ( nagarI ) - 58, 83-84 dhArAvarSa ( maNDalIka ) - 97, 134 dhundhuka ( nagara ). dhumanAra ( pahAr3I ) dhUmalI nagara dhruvapaTu ( rAjA ) - 51 .56 46 na naDDUlIya cAhamAna nanda 121 --- - nandarAjA nandisUtra - - nayacakra 50 -- 159 20, 40 naracandrasUri naravarmA ( mAlavendra ) 129, Ti0 -- - [ 231 72-73 57, 128 21,150, Ti0 ------ - 83-85 narasiMha prathama ( hoyasala nareza ) 89

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232 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana narasiMhAcAra, Ara0 - 39 Ti0 nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA ( kAzI) narendra prabhu - 121 -36 Ti0, 174 Ti. narmadA - 43 nAgaloka - 80 Ti. nala (rAjA)-83, 145 nAgavaMza- 41 nava / naU nagara (de0 navahalla- nAgahasti (AcArya)-- 44-45 nagara bhI)-88, Ti. nAgahrada ( nAgadA-madhyapradeza) 66 Ti. navanagara ( dakSiNa bhArata ) -89 nAgArjuna I ( kuSANa kAlIna )navahaMsa (rAjA) -86 89, ___Ti0, 90 nAgArjuna II ( 303 I0-vAcaka ) navahullanagara (pattana)-(Adhu- - 79 / nika nauzaharA )- 86-90, nAgArjuma II ( rasAyanavettA) 92, 148 - 44-46 78, Ti0, 79nahapAna- 98 80, 158, 160, 166 nakSatra- 149, 153, 171 nAgArjuna prabandha (prako ke antanAiki devI - 95 rgata aTThArahavA~ prabandha ) - nAgar3a ( mahAmAtya / paJcakula) 78-80, 166 - 101-102, Ti0 nAgendra - 44 nAgadatta ( vairoTyA kA putra )- nAgendragaccha - 15 40 nAdasamudra ( padavI) - 81 nAgadA (de0 nAgahrada)-66 Ti0 nAnaka - 24 / / nAgapura - 97, 152, Ti0 nAnAka ( kavi )- 62 nAgabhaTTa dvitIya ( de Ama rAjA nAnAghATa abhilekha -- 67 bhI )- 38 Ti0-39 Ti0, nAsika guphA abhilekha - 99 nAsiketopAkhyAna -2 nAgamata (purANa)- 80, 115, nAsiruddIna - 27, 173 Ti. nijAmI, khAlika ahamada- 174 nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA - 38 Ti0, 179 Ti0-181 Ti0 Ti0-39 Ti0, 81 Ti0, 144 nijAmuddIna ahamada - 178 Ti0, 147 Ti0 . nijAmuddIna ( auliyA)--173

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niyukti - 38 nirvANakalikA 45 168 nIlamata purANa nUruddIna muhammada avaphI ( de0 auphI ) nUhasipehara - 173 Ti0 - 174 Ti0 nRpanAga ( zreSThi ) - 93, 95 nRpAvali - 168 neminAtha phAgu nehara vAlA naiSadha carita 192 nepoliyana ( bonApArTa ) 83 Ti0 nemi ( nAtha ) 1, 22, Ti0, 23, 57, 73, 86-87, 90, 97, 135, 148 Com 192 nyAyavijaya nyAyAvatAra - -- - Cross ---- nauzaharA (de0 navahullanagara ) nyAya-kandalI ( grantha / paJjikA) 15, 20-21, 58, 114, -- --AMA - anukramaNikA 22 174 pa 59-61, 114, 107 Ti0 47 --- [ 233 paJcagrAma 96, 100, 130 131, 161 paJcataMtra - 20, 121 paJcazatIprabodha sambandha - 121, Ti0, 123 paJcasiddhAntikA - paJcAla 53, 56 paJcAsara 51 paTiyAlI ( jilA eTA ) - 173 86, 92, 148 92 M paTTamahAdeva paTTayAdhyakSa paTTAvali samuccaya paNDita, esa0 pI0 www.day - ---- -- paMjAba 165 paumacariu 10 paumasiricariu pamiNi ( ratnazrAvaka kI patnI ) parakAyApravezavidyA padmAvatI (nagarI) padmAvatI ( rAnI ) 11 Ti0 86 77, 170 - 165 pataJjali 172 Ti0 pattana (de0 aNahillapattana ) padmacarita 48, Ti0 padmadatta ( zreSThi ). 40 80 Ti0 padma ( nAga ) padmanAbha 40 padmanIkhaNDa ( nagara ) 40 padmapurANa 69 Ti0, 80 Ti0 padmaprabha (rAjA) 40 padmayazA ( zreSThinI ) ~ 40, 146 padmAnanda ( kAvya ) - 62 padmAvatI ( DAhala rAjakumArI ) 80 -- 39 - - 48, Ti0 - 58, Ti0, ---- -- - 41 40 15, 41,

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234 1 prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 81 paramahaMsa - 52 pAdaliptasUricaritam ( prabhAca ke paramAtmAzaraNa - 176 Ti0 antargata prabandha ) - 45, paramAra -- 83-84, 129, 162 158 paramparA - 136-143 - pAdaliptAcArya prabandha (puprasa ke parA ( jAti )- 181 antargata prabandha ) - 163 pariziSTaparva -- 59, 75 Ti0, pAdaliptAcArya prabandha (prako ke 156 antargata pA~cavA~ prabandha ) 44-47, 117, Ti0, 138, pallava - 148 Ti. 164 pakSa ( pakhavArA ) -149, 153 pArada ( de0 pAreta janapada ) 171 pArasanAtha ( pahADa ) - 72 pAkistAna - 98 pArA ( Adhunika pArvatI nadI ) pANDeya, govindacandra -10 Ti0 - 71 106 Ti0, 188 Ti0 pAreta janapada - 69, 71-72 pANDeya, candrabhAna - 66 Ti0 pAjiTara, epha0 I0 - 43 Ti0 pANDeya, rAjabalI-46 Ti0. pArthIvAvali - 168 49 Ti0-50 Ti0, 67 Ti0, pArvatI nadI -- 72 74 Ti0 pArzvanAtha-1, 46, 73, 78-79 pANDeya, rA0 su0 - 1 Ti0 pArzvanAthacarita -5 pANDya -83, 122 pArSiNa senA ( maNDala-siddhAnta ke pATana - 30, 51 ___anusAra )- 128 pATana bhaNDAra - 102 Ti0 pAlItANA ( nA ) - 72, 78, pATana saMgha - 31 Ti0, 138 pAhiNi ( hemacandra kI mAtA )pATaliputra - 42-46, 74-75 pAThaka, vI0 esa0 - 1 Ti0 piNDola bhAradvAja -81 pAtAlakhaNDa - 80 Ti0 pizela, Ara0 - 58 Ti. pAdalipta ( AcArya)-43-47, pITarsana - 165, Ti0 74, 156-158 pIThajAdevI - 66 pAdaliptapura ( de0 pAlItANA) puNDravardhanabhukti ( uttarI baMgAla) pAdaliptasUri - 79 . -80 Ti.

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anukramaNikA [ 235 puNyavijaya - 62 Ti0, 101 Ti0 pUrNasiMha ( ratnazrAvaka kA bhAI ) 112 Ti. purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI - 39 pUrNimAgaccha --- 22 Ti0 pUrvarSicarita (de0 prabhAvaka carita) purAtana prabandha saMgraha- 45, Ti0, pRthvIrAja ( pRthivIrAja ) tRtIya 49 Ti0, 52, 64 Ti0, 65, -26, 133, Ti0, 153 77, 80 Ti0, 94, 96 Ti0, pRthvIrAja vijaya -- 26 101, Ti0, 102 Ti0, 117, pRthvIhara - 87 Ti0, 121, 123, 137, 141 pedro - 189 Ti0, 148 Ti0, 162-163, perisa - 176 Ti0 Ti0, 164, Ti0, 165 paiThana / peThAna (de0 pratiSThAnapura purAtanAcArya - 118-119 bhI)- 38 Ti0, 67 pururavA - 83 popa - 182, 184 purtagAla - 186. porabandara abhilekha - 102 Ti0 pulakezina dvitIya - 169 porasa - 169 pulamAvi ( vAsiSThIputra) dvitIya polisa siddhAnta -- 172 Ti. --- 46-47, 89 prakIrNaka prabandha - 4 pulle - 20 pratApamalla - 94 puSpacUla ( rAjakumAra vaGkacUla kA pratimA - 44 bAlyakAlIna nAma )-69. pratiSThAnapura-38, 40, 44 46, 65-67 puSpacUlA ( vaGkacala kI bahana ) pratiSThAnapurakalpa (prabhAca ke -69-70 antargata prabandha ) - 67 puSpadanta - 120 pratiSThAnapurakalpa (vitIka ke puSyabhUti-vaMza - 89 antargata prabandha ) - 166 puSyAnADagrAma ( vartamAna pRSi- pratIhAra - 156 ANa, rAjaurI)- 87 pratyAgamana kA siddhAnta - 95 pusAlkara - 7 Ti. prabandhakoza - 3, 4 Ti0, 7 Ti0, pUnar3a ( sAdhu )- 97, 152 12-18 Adi pUrNacandra (nagara zreSThi)- 86, pravandhacaturviMzati ( prako kA apara 89-90 nAma) 73

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236 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana prabandhacitAmaNi ( aMgrejI anuvAda 43, Ti0, 45, Ti0, 49, TaoNnI)- 103 Ti0, 155 51-52, 67, 77, 78 Ti0, Ti. 112, 121, 127 Ti0, 137, prabandhaciMtAmaNi (saM0 jinavijaya 149, Ti0, 155-156, Ti0, muni)-3 Ti0, 4, Ti0, 157, Ti0, 158, 162, 165 6, 7 Ti0, 11, 27, 33 Ti0, prabhAsa khaNDa (skandapurANAnta39, Ti0, 51, 57-58, 61 rgata ) - 113 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 77, 80 Ti0, prabhAsa-pATana -- 98 84, 87 Ti0, 92 Ti0, 94 prabhAsa (de0 somanAtha bhI )95, Ti0, 99-100, Ti0, 55, 98 101, Ti0, 102 Ti0, 103105, 107, 112, 114, prabhudAsa - 30 118, 121, 127 Ti0, 130, prayAga-prazasti - 58 Ti0 Ti0, 137, 146 Ti0, 148 praznaprakAza -45 Ti0, 154, 156, 158 va praznavAhanakula -- 14, 15 Ti0 Ti0-161 va Ti0, 162, prasAda, esa0 ena0 -- 168 Ti. 164-166 Ti0, 167, 169, prajJApaNA (jaina graMtha)-71 Ti0 177, 185, 192-193 prajJAbhaTTa- 170 prabandhaciMtAmaNi ( hindI anu0 prAkRtadvayAzrayakAvya -21, 24, hajArI prasAda dvivedI)- 26, 59,84 Ti0, 126 Ti0 95 Ti0, 103 Ti0, 158 prAkata prabodha-20-21 Ti-159 Ti0, 162 Ti0 prAkRta vyAkaraNa - 33 prabandhAmRtadIpikA ( prako kA prAgjyotiSa (kAmarUpa )-70 apara nAma) Ti. prabandhAvali-6, 112 prAgvAT vaMza - 35 Ti0, 95 prabhAcandra - 6, 27, 37, 59, prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha - 121 112, 126, 128, 157 Ti. prabhAvakacarita - 6 Ti0, 12, premI vAlyUma - 53 Ti. 27, 40, 41 Ti0, 42, Ti0, progresiva riporTa - 75 Ti.

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anukramaNikA [ 237 121 phlITa - 49 Ti0, 144 Ti0 phakharuddIna nUnAkI- 27 phlaiNDarsa - 185-186 phariztA - 174, 178 pharUkhAbAda - 56 baMgAla ( baMgadeza ) - 49, 129, phargyusana - 144 Ti. 171 phAulara aiNDa phAulara - 155 baMgAla-bihAra - 16 Ti. bakhara - 9-10, Ti0, 191 phArasI itihAsa-lekhana - 172 baghela-26 phArasI bhASA - 172, 179 bar3audA - 31, 45, 96 Ti0 phArasI zabda ( jaise kalandara, batUtA ( de0 ibnabatUtA ) kAgada, kharazAna, mohari, badAyU~ - 56 bIbI, masIta, mIra, mulANa, badAyUnI - 178 muzalamAna, haja, Adi )- bappa ( bappabhaTTi ke pitA )- 53 bappabhaTTi-53-55, 122, 149; phika (nyAyazAstra ) - 172 Ti0, 150, 156-157, 177 philippA hainAU - 185 bappabhaTTisUri prabandha (prako ke philIstIna -- 185 antargata navA~ prabandha ) -5 phIrojatugalaka-19, 177, 181 Ti0, 53-56, 113, 126, phutuhussalAtIna - 27, 175 138, 141, 149 phulla -44 bamberapura (bimberapura ) - 97pherArA-185 90, 152, Ti. phosa, e0 ke0 - 30, 58 bamberA ( bhambherA )- 98 Ti., 73, 75 Ti. baranI, jiyAuddIna - 27, 173, phosa gujarAtI sabhA ( bambaI) 175, 177 va Ti0.182 va -31 Ti0 . phauTTI hadIsa ( grantha )-139 Ti0 barelI - 56 phrAMsa - 183, 185 barkhArTa -- 32 Ti. phrAMsIsI (bhASA)- 176 Ti0, balabana - 27, 173, 177 185 balarAma -99

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238 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana bali ( rAjA ) - 77 buddhaprakAza - 168 Ti0, 188 ballAla-122, Ti0, 123, 192 Ti. basanta ( rAga ) - 18 bUMdI ( rAjya ) - 72 basAr3I upAzraya - 17 bRhatkathA-maJjarI -81 Ti. bahamanI rAjya - 175 bRhatsaMhitA -71 Ti0, 168, baharAmazAha - 134-135 172 Ti. bahI ( tIna prakAra kI ) --- 94, bRhaTTipaNikA - 22 Ti. bRhadgaccha - 23 baharA, gopAla narAyana-63 Ti0 betAla (vaitAlika )- 122, bAkhtrI -yavana - 148 Ti. 126, 170, 191 bANa - 44 Ti0, 107, 156, berahamapura - 49 159 belAnI, phatehacanda - 48, Ti, bAdAla stambha lekha - 49 Ti0 52 Ti0-53 Ti0, 122, Ti. bAbara - 24 bo?nakuTi ( maMdira )- 151 bAmbe gajeTiyara - 101 Ti. Ti0 bolona - 185 bArmUlA - 88 bauddhadharma - 193 bAlacandra ( hemacandra kA ziSya ) brahmapurANa - 44 Ti. - 94, 117 braoNDave Traivalarsa - 176 Ti. bAlacandrasUri - 26, 84 byUlara - 45, 58, 99, 117 bAla-bhArata - 62, Ti. Ti0, 137, Ti0, 165, 167 bAlamUlarAja - 95, 104 fio bAlArAma cAvar3A - 73 blamaphIlDa --- 1 Ti. bAlI, candrakAnta - 39 Ti0, sonAlI art 75 Ti. bijjalAdevI -- 90 bha bilhaNa - 26 bhaktAra rastotra - 42 bihAra - 165 bhagadatta (kAmarUpa kA zAsaka ) bIDI ( itihAsajJa / - 183 - - 71 Ti0 buddha - 52, 81 bhagavada gItA (de0 gItA ) buddhacarita -1 bhaTTi ( bappabhaTTi kI mAtA)-53

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anukramaNikA [239 bhaNDArakara -81 Ti0, 144 Ti0 bhAskaravarmana - 71 Ti0 bhaNDArakara prativedana -- 65 Ti. bhilasA - 105 bhar3auca ( de. bhRgukaccha) bhikSAcara ( kazmIra ke rAjA harSa bhartula (de0 vartula ) ___ kA pautra)- 87, 91 bhartRhari - 53, 121 bhIma I ( cAlukya )-83, 103, bhadrakIti ( bappabhaTTi kA apara 156, 159 nAma) bhIma II laghubhIma ( cAlukya )bhadrabAhu I ( zrutakevalI)-39, 94-95, 99-100, 102-104 Ti. bhImarAja - 45-46 bhadrabAhu II ( nimittavettA)- bhImasiMha (dvArapAla ) -- 96, 39, 74 100, 131 bhadrabAhu III (niyukti-racayitA va bhISma-1 Ti0, 112, Ti0, 113 varAhamihira kA bhAI )- bhISmaparva -71 Ti0 38, Ti, 39.40, 157 bhuvana koza -- 71 Ti0 bhadrabAhu-varAha prabandha (prako ke bhuvana ( khapaTAcArya kA ziSya ) antargata pahalA prabandha ) -- 42.43 38-40, 125, 158 bhUyarAja prabandha (praci ke antargata bhadrezvara nadI - 96 prabandha ) - 161 bhambhurA ( de0 bamberA) bhRgukaccha - 14, 42-43, 45bhavadevasUri -5 46, 51 bhAudAjI-58 bhRgupura - 47 bhAgavatapurANa - 99 tti0| bhRgukSetra - 50 bhAdrabAhavIM saMhitA -- 38 bhRgvAMgiras paripATI --- 140 bhAyANI, harivallabha - 11 Ti0 bharA - 25 bhArata-136, 140, 153, 169, bhoja AdivarAha - 54-55, 55 172; Ti0, 173, 177, 182, ___Ti0-56 Ti0 189, 191 bhojatva - 68, 143, Ti0 bhAratIya saMvat - 144 bhojapada - 67, 143, Ti bhAratIya vidyA bhavana (bambaI) bhojaparamAra - 58, 61, 121, -35 Ti0 156, 159

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240 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana bhoja prabandha (ballAlakRta)- madanakIrtiprabandha (prako ke anta3, 122, Ti0, 192 rgata caudahavA~ prabandha )-63bhojaprabandha ( ratnamaMdiragaNikRta) 65, 189 - 120 madanagopAla-17 Ti0, 176 Ti. bhojaprabandha ( zubhazIlagaNikRta ) madanacandra - 63 madanamaJjarI (vijayapura kI rAja- 121 ___ kumArI ) - 63 bhoja rAjA -3 bhopala devI ( nAgArjuna kI mAtA) madanavarma - 85, Ti0, 86, 129 madanavarmaprabandha (prako ke antargata -78 ikkIsavA~ prabandha )--83.86 bhopAla - 72 madhyapradeza - 16, 66 Ti0 madhyamazAkhA - 14 maMgola - 100, 174 manusmRti ( saMhitA )--71 Ti, 148 Ti0 magadha -74 mayaNallAdevI -- 83, 161 magAjI ( tArIkhI ravAyata) mayUra - 159 139 maladhAragaccha - 14, 15 Ti0, majUmadAra, Ara0 sI0 -35 17, 21, 22 Ti. Ti0, 46 Ti0, 66 Ti0, 175 maladhArigacchabhartA ( rAjazekhara sUri kA abhidhAna)- 19, majumadAra, e0 ke0 - 102-104 117, 163 majjhima zAkhA-15 Ti0 malayagiri -40 maNDana muni - 44 malayagiriTIkA - 20 maNDala-siddhAnta - 128, 159 / / mallaparvata- 50 matsyapurANa - 44 Ti. mallayuddha - 128 mathurA - 41, 46, 174 mallavAdi I ( vikrama kI cauthImadana ( ratnazrAvaka kA bhAI )- pA~cavIM zatAbdI ) --- 51 86 mallavAdi II (vikrama kI AThavIM madanakIti ( kavi ) - 63-65, zatAbdI-prako kA mallavAdi 193 sUri )-50-51, 156-157 Ti0

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B mallavAdi III ( vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI ) 51 mallavAdisUri prabandha ( prako ke antargata sAtavA~ prabandha ) 50- 51, 125, 148, 159 -- mallISeNa sUri 15 masanavI ( sAhitya kI. eka vidhA ) mahobaka ( nagarI ) mAgha (mAnatuGga ) 174 mahaNasiMha - 18, 28, 35 47 w mahAkAla prAsAda mahApadma (nAga ) mahAprAmANika - cUr3AmaNi ( madana 80 Ti0 - 63 kIrti kA virud ) mahAdeva ( dAr3aka kA putra ) - 92 mahAbhArata 1, Ti0, 2,56, 71 Ti0, 112 - 113, 121, 168 mahAbhArata-kAla 70 Ti0, 90 mahAmahavijaya - 114 mahAmAtya vastupAla kA sAhitya maNDala 99 Ti0 mahAmArI ( bauddhagrantha ) - 71 Ti0 - -- - -- anukramaNikA - mahArASTra mahAvaMsa mahAvIra - 1,46,58, 68, 73, 9, 62, 83, 132 1 - - 70 mahItaTa pradeza 131 mahIdhara ( zreSThaputra ) - 41 mahIpAla ( zreSThaputra ) - 41 mahendra 43, 63 mahendrasUri - 25,45 - - mAlavA Mon 159 mAtuliGgI ( vidyA ) - 15, 54 mAnakheTa 45 mAbAra- vijaya 174 mAmalya devI ( harSakavi kI 59 mAtA ) mAravAr3a 131 mArkaNDeya purANa mArgareTa 185 maoNDarna rivyU [ 241 ] 96, Ti0, 100, -------- - mAsa ( mahInA ) 171 75,98, 144, 146 - 148 mAhecaka mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa minahAjusasirAja 101 Ti0 mahotsava grantha mahAvIra pratimA mirjA, mo0 vAhida 174 Ti0 16 mArzala 144 Ti0 ------ - 83 -- mAladeva ( vastupAla kA bhAI ) 96 97 . 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 47-49, 57, 7273, 83, 85, 128-129, 165, 171, 174, 182 149, 153, 62, 156, 75 Ti0 69 Ti0 27 173 Ti0

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242 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana mizra, umeza - 20 Ti0 mRgAvatI ( vatsarAjodayana kI mizra, girijA zaMkara prasAda - mAtA)-80-81 106 Ti0-107 Ti0 megasthanIja - 114 mizra, jayazaMkara - 16 Ti0 meghacandra - 60, 133 mihirakula - 171 meghanAda (dvitIya kSetrapati)mihira ( bhoja )- de0 bhoja 87 Ti0 AdivarAha merutuGga - 3, 4, 6, 11, 27mIrahasana dehalavI - 27 28, 33, Ti0, 59, 66 Ti0, muijjuddIna baharAmazAha (de0 84, 92 Ti0, 102, 107, baharAmazAha) 112, 127, 145-146, 152, mukaddamA - 187-189, Ti. 158-159,162, 167, 191, mukarjI, Ara0 ke0 -74 Ti0 / mehandale -7 Ti0 mukunda - 47 mukhtAra, jugula kizora-48 Ti. meharaulI lauha-stambha abhilekhamuJja (mujAla ) maMtrI - 92 munibhadra - 23 maikala, je0 - 73 Ti. munisundara sUri - 121 maignAkArTA - 184 maithyUperisa - 183, Ti0, 184musalamAna - 132-133, 139- 185, 187 / / 140, 148 Ti0, 155, 172, mojadIna (suratrANa ) sultAna 180-181, 187, 191 prathama ( iltutamiza )-97, muhammada ibna jujaiya - 176 100, 105, 133-134, 140 muhammada bina tugalaka -17-19, mojadIna sultAna dvitIya (baha 25, Ti0, 27, 90, 175- rAmazAha ) - 100, 102, 176, 181, 186 134 muhammada hajarata - 139 mor3ha (jAti)- 56 mUla nakSatra - 151 moDheraka - 149 mUlarAja -83, 103 morakko - 187 mUlarAja dvitIya (de0 bAla mUla- maulavI abdula haka ( de. abdula rAja) haka) 44-46

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anukramaNikA [ 243 48 mleccha ( de0 musalamAna bhI)- yUnAnI - 172, 189 133-134, 148, Ti0, 161 yUropa - 173, 182-184, 189 mleccharAja - 148 Ti. yUropIya itivRttakAra - 155 yogazAstra - 59 yogazAstraprakAza - 21 yaduvaMzI -73 yamalapatra - 115 yamunA -69 Ti0, 72 raMgapura - 151 Ti. yavana - 60, 97, 133, Ti0, raGka ( vaNika )- 51 134 rajiyA - 100 raNathambhaura - 174, 182 yazaHpaTaha ( hAthI )-84 raNasiMha - 79 yazodharma ( 532-33 I0 )-77 raNAditya - 171 yazodharmadeva (mAlavAnRpati ) - ratana -25, 90-91 ratna ( maMtrI)- 91 yazobhadra - 38 ratnagaGgA ( kannauja kI rAja. yazovarma ( vatsarAja - 54 kumArI)- 51 / / yazovarmA (kannauja nareza )-56 ratnamaMdiragaNi -- 120, 123 yazovarmA (paramAra nareza)- 84 ratna (zrAvaka )- 91 yazovIra - 97 ratnazrAvaka - 71, 86-87, 89yakSa - 170 93, 97 yAkinI ( jaina sAdhvI ) - 52 / / ratnazrAvaka prabandha (puprasa ke yAkobI, haramana - 38, 39 Ti0, antargata prabandha ) - 163 47, 53, Ti0 ratnazrAvaka prabandha (prako ke antayAjadAnI - 66 Ti0 rgata bAisavA~ prabandha )-86yAmanI- 175 93, 117, Ti0, 148 Ti0, yAmalika - 127 161, 164 yAminIbhASA - 178, 193 ratnazrAvakaprabandha ( sahajasundara yuktiprakAza - 21 kRta)- 122 yudhiSThira - 1 Ti2, 77, 112, ratnasvAmI ( maMdira )- 91 Ti0, 113, 145 ratnAkarAvatArikApaJjikA-22

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244 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 121 Ti0 rantideva - 72 rAjasthApanAcArya (tejapAla kA rantinadI-72 virud)-101 ravAyata (puzta-dara-puzta calI A rAjasthAna - 8, 10 rahI bAteM)- 139 rANaka ( vIradhavala) - 61, razIda, zihAbuddIna muhammada - 98, 131 172-173 rAma - 77, 140 rAjagiri ( durga )-54-55 Ti0 rAmacandra (hemacandra kA ziSya ) rAjataraMgiNI --- 26, 87 Ti0, -94 88, 90 Ti0,91, Ti0,107, rAmabhadra -54-55 166, 167 Ti0, 168, Ti0, 169 Ti0-170 Ti0; 171 rAmAyaNa - 71 Ti0, 77, 112, 172. 189 rAjapATikA ( rAjakIya zobhA- rAyagar3ha - 10 yAtrA)-133 rAyacaudharI, eca0 sI0 - 46 Ti0, 56 Ti0, 75 Ti0, 81 rAjapUtAnA-16, 26, 72, 165 rAjapUtAnAM gajeTiyara-75 Ti0 rAjaprAsAda ( grantha )- 18 rAlisana, eca0 jI0 - 10 Ti0 rAjamatI ( rAjula)-22, Ti0, rAzilya ( zvetAmbara sUri )-41 rAsa (gujarAtI)- 99 rAjazekhara - 4-5, Ti0, 7-8, rAsamAlA ( phobsakRta - saM0 11, 13-19,56-58,60-61, paNDita )- 58 Ti0 rAsamAlA (pho sakRta-hindI 63-64, 67-68, 71-73; 76-77, 79-80, 82-86, anu0)- 51 Ti0, 57 Ti0, 61 Ti0, 73 Ti0, 75 Ti0, 87 Ti0; 89-90, 92-93, 84 Ti0, 96 Ti0, 98 Ti0 95, 99-103, 105-107, ricarDa ( kArnavAla ke ) - 184 123, 125-138, 140-143, ricarDa dvitIya - 186 Ti0, 144-150; 152-154, rijavI, sai0 atahara abbAsa157-163, Ti0 164-172, 174 Ti0, 177 Ti0, 180 175-178, 180-181, 184- Ti0-181 Ti0, 189 Ti. 189, 191-194 riTaNemicariu -10

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anukramaNikA / 245 rukanuddIna hamajA - 172 laoN, bI0 sI0 --- 43 Ti0, 45 rudradeva-45 Ti0, 63 Ti0 rudrapallIya gaccha -15, 21 lATa ( dakSiNI gujarAta )-45ruhAnI ( muhammada )- 27; 173 46, Ti0, 49, 51 / / ruhelakhaNDa -56 lAla, ki0 za0 - 178 Ti0rUsI kathA sAhitya - 73 179 Ti0; 182 Ti0 reniyara - 145 Ti0 raivata ( saptama kSetrapati )-87 licchavi -148 Ti0 liTararI sakila oNpha mahAmAtya vastupAla-6 Ti0, 11 Ti0 raivataka (parvata)-54-55, 86 lI, revareNDa saimuela - 90 Ti. 87, 97, 124 lIlAvatI - 77 raivarTI, eca0 jI0 - 173 Ti. roma - 185 lubAbula alabAba - 27 rosenthala - 189 Ti0 lukAsa, eca0 eca0 - 182 Ti. lUNiga ( vastupAla kA bhAI ) Ti0 laghujAtaka - 172 Ti0 laghuzrIkaraNa (vibhAga )-101 landana-176 Ti0, 183, Tideg lalitavistarA ( grantha )- 52 lalitAdevI - 96, 98 lalla (zreSThi)-42 lavaNa prasAda - 96, 99, 104 lakSaNAvatI - 54, 82, Ti0, leksikograiphikala sTaDIja ina jaina saMskRta -7 Ti0, 21 Ti. laiTina - 183-184 loharavaMza -88-89 vaMka ( rUsI vidhavA kA putra) 7 128 vakkacUr3akahA - 73 lakSmaNasena aura mantrI kumAradeva vaGkacUla-34, 69-76, 71 Ti0, kA prabandha (prako ke antargata 86, 166 bIsavA~ prabandha ) -82-83 vakacala pravandha (prako ke antargata lakSmaNasena ( lakSaNasena)-60, solahavA~ prabandha )- 6982, 128, 160 76, 143 Ti0, 161, 166

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246 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana vajrasvAmI-58, 156 vasaMtalekhA ( paTarAnI)-49 vaDanagara prazasti -44 Ti0, vasaMtavilAsa -84 Ti0, 100128 Ti0 101, 104, Ti0, 150 vaDUA velAkUla - 97, 132 vasudatti-80 var3avana - 99 vasudeva ( kaNva ) - 44, Ti0 var3havAna ( Adhunika surendranagara) vastupAla - 26, 61-62, 64, - 92 Ti0, 158 92-93, 95-100, 102, vatsa janapada-80 105; 112, 120, 124, vatsarAja udayana (vaidehI putra)- 131, 133-135, 138, 14080-83, 115 141, 146-147, 150, 161 vatsarAja (pratIhAra)- 54, 56 165, 177 vatsarAjodayana prabandha (prako ke vastupAla carita - 99 antargata unnIsavA~ prabandha ) vastupAla-tejapAla prabandha ( puprasa -- 80-81, 109 ke antargata prabandha )-164 vanaparva - 56 Ti0 vastupAla-tejapAla prazasti - vanarAja - 118, Ti0, 146, Ti. 101, 121 varadatta ( sArthavAha ) - 40 vastupAla prabandha ( prako ke anta. varAka -83, 129 rgata caubIsavA~ prabandha )varAha (mihira ) - 38-39, 5 Ti0, 92-93, 95-105, 159, 168 109, 112-113, 117-118, vartula (sthAna)-49 124, Ti0, 135, 145, 149varddhana ( bardhana ) kuJjara - 55 150; Ti0, 151, 159, 161, varddhanakuJjara kI guTikA - 54 165 varddhamAnapura - 92-93, 97 vAkpati -113-114, 156 vardhApanikA -- 142 Ti. vAkapata ( pAla rAjasabhA kA valabhI- 50-51 / / kavi)- 54 valabhI-bhaGga - 148 vAghela ( bAghela ) -- 98, 102, vallabharAja - 103 104, 162 vasaMtapAla ( vastupAla kA upa- vaangg| rAjA yA svAmI)-46 nAma) - 62 vAcaka vaMza-41

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anukramaNikA 247 vANijyAraka ( jayasiMha siddharAja vikrama saMvat - 144-146, 149, kA pUrvajanma kA nAma)-58 Ti0, 152-153, 156, 171 vAtsyAyana zAstra - 114 vikramasena (vikramAditya kA vAdikuJjarakezarI ( bappabhaTTi kA putra ) - 77 virud)-54 vikramAMkadevacarita - 26, 89 vAmanasthalI-73, 96, 130, Ti0, 168 161 vikramAditya ( 57 I0 pU0 )vAyaTa ( mahAsthAna | nagara ) - 3, 47-48, 65-66, 68, 74, 41, 62 77-78, 98, 121-122, vAyupurANa - 44 Ti0, 62, Ti0, 139, Ti0, 144-145, 146 69 Ti0 va Ti0-147 va Ti0, 148vAraMgala - 26 149, Ti0, 152, Ti0, 154, vAra ( saptAha kA dina )-149, 158, 160-161, 163 153, 171 vikramAditya oNpha ujjayinI vArANasI (de. kAzI bhI)- ( grantha ) -67 Ti0, 144 82, 98, 101, Ti0, 128 Ti0, 147 Ti. vArAha-saMhitA - 387 114 vikramAditya ( devapAla )- 50 vArolI - 72 vikramAditya prabandha (prako ke vArDara, e0 ke0 - 10 Ti0 antargata satrahavA~ prabandha )vAlteyara - 108, 188 5 Ti0, 73, 77-78, 126, vAlza, DablyU0 eca0 - 125 140 vAsavadattA (caNDa pradyota kI putrI) vikramArka rAjA prabandha - 3 -80 vicArazreNI-27, 145 Ti0 vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi ( dvitIya ) vijayakastUrasUri - 19 Ti. vijayacandra ( gAhar3avAla nRpati ) vAsukinAga ( vAsuI | vAsugI ) - 44, 78, 80, Ti vijayanagara -26, 63 vAsudeva (cAhamAna rAjA )- vijayapura ( karNATa meM sthita ) 153 vAhna ricarDa - 183 Ti. vijayavarmA -44-45

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248 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana 86, 89-90 vijayAdevI vijayIzvara 91 viSNu maMdira vijJapti - patra 88 Ti0 115 vijjalA ( uccala kI rAnI ) vIra (de0 mahAvIra ) 89 30 viNTaranitja - 1 Ti0, 7Ti0, 29, Ti0, 159 Ti0, 168 Ti0 - -- 41, 49 vitastA ( nadI ) - 88 Ti0 vidizA vidyAdhara vidyAdhara gaccha vinayasAgara, mahopAdhyAya - 17 45 Ti0 -- ME - vinodakathA 20 vinoda kathA saMgraha vincesTara vimala ( tIrthaGkara ) - 97 184 www vimalayaza ( rAjA ) virATaparva 56 Ti0 viliyama golDa - seka vividhatIrthakalpa 60, 82 - 63-65 vizAla bhArata vizvanAtha-pUjana - - Som 19 69, 75 - 74 Ti0 101, Ti0 vIracandra vIradhavala 61, 96, Ti0, 97 100, 102, 103 Ti0, 104105, 125, 130 - 131, Ti0, 134, 141, Ti0, 161 -- 140 Ti0 27, 41 Ti0 65 Ti0, 69 Ti0, 71, 80 Ti0, 81, Ti0, 87 Ti0, 112, 137, 148 Ti0, 156, Ti0, 160, 165, Ti0, 166, Ti0, 186 vizAlakIrti ( digambara kavi ) verAvala prazasti 98, 101 vIrama vIramagrAma vIrasaMvat ( de0 mahAvIra saMvat 98 bhI ) 144 - 145, 146 Ti0, 147, Ti0, 153 - 154, 171 vIrasUri - 156 vIrasena ( 780 I0 ) 144 vIsaladeva vRttitraya nibandha - 22 62-63,98, 101 - vRddha ( kara ) vAdi -- --- - vRSabha veMkaTarAva - - - 47-48, 153, 157-158 vRddhavAdi- siddhasena prabandha ( prako ke antargata chaThA~ prabandha ) -- 47-50, 138 73 www 46 Ti0 veNIkRpANa ( amaracandra kavi kA virud ) - 62 - - - 42-43, velAkUla vesTaminsTara vaitAlika (de0 betAla ) 184 -- 128 Ti0 132, Ti.

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anukramaNikA [ 249 vairoTI devI - 44 zAtakarNI ( de0 sAtakarNI ) vairoTyA - 40 zAdI- 181 vairoTyA-stava- 40 zAntinAtha-46, 73 vrAtya-kSatriya (nimnakoTi kaa| zAntinAtha carita - 19, 23 kSatriya)- 148 Ti0 zAnti niketana - 30 zAnti parva - 112, Ti0, 113 vyavahAra sUtra-38 Ti. zAnti sUri - 156 vyAghrarAja (bharakaTa )- 57, zAligrAma - 70 127-128 zAlivAhana - (de0 sAtavAhana ) zAlivAhana carita - 121 zaMkara - 25, 87, 91 zAstrI kailAzacandra -- 89 Ti0, zaMkarAcArya - 169 99 Ti0 zaka -78, 144, 148 Ti. zAstrI, nemicandra - 23 Ti0, zaka-muruNDa -46 99 Ti0, 136 Ti0 zaka-saMvat -144-145 zakti kumAra (sAtavAhana rAjA) zAha, DAhyAbhAI mahokamalAla -22 Ti0 zaGkha - 80 Ti0, 97, 99-100, zAhanAmA - 27 132 zAha, yU0 pI0 - 41 Ti. ziple - 137 Ti0 zatAnIka dvitIya ('parantapa' ) zilAditya ( de0 zIlAditya ) -80-81, Ti0 zivadatta - 61 Ti0 zarmA, mathurAlAla - 174 Ti0, zivapurANa - 112, Ti0, 113 177 Ti. zivapUjA - 118, 161 zarmA, rajanIkAnta - 172 tti0| zivamaMdira - 98 zarmA, zivadatta-38 Ti0 zIlavatI ( zreSThinI) - 41-42 zazAMka-169 zIlAditya - 50-51, 133 zatrujita- 38, 40 zuka -170 zatruJjaya-14, 57, 78, 86, zuklapakSa-149, Ti0, 151, Ti. 92, 97, 118, 152, Ti0 zakla, veNI prasAda - 144 Ti. zAkambharI- 57, 127 zubhazIlagaNi - 121, 123

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250 ] zUdraka 142, 191 zeTha, sI0 bI0 zeSa ( nAgarAja ) - 135 zravaNabelagola zrIcandra zrIdevI - zrIdhara zrInagara -- zaiva 155 zaivamata 86 zoDAsa (de0 vasudAsa ) zobhanadeva ( vAstukAra ) - www.cdc - prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana - zrIvAstava, A0 lA0 Ti0-175 Ti0 - 25 Ti0 65-66 zrIharSa (de0 harSa kavi ) zrutakIrti - 41 zreNika zvetAmbara 1, 121 192 39 Ti0, 34 191 20, 114 - 88, Ti0 zrIparvata ( dakSiNa bhArata ) zrImAlapura - 14, 52 zrImAlavaMza 93 zrIvara 170 saJjIvanI vidyA satArA 10 sadIka ( nauvittaka ) zrIvastupAla prabandha (de0 vastu- sanAye muhammadI - 27 pAla prabandha ) 170 SaDdarzanasamuccaya 107 Ti0 Ex distan - 97, 89 21. - 74, 107, Ti0, 98 173 15, 21 saMgrAma - 78 Ti0 saMgrAmasiMha (zaGkha ) - 99 saMgItopaniSatsAroddhAra - 18 saMgItopaniSad - 18 saMghatilaka sUri saMghapaticaritra saMvatsara saMsaktaniyukti - 38 Ti0 saMskRta-iMgliza DikzanarI ApTe kRta ) * 103 Ti0 112 144, 149, 153 - TiM -- -------------- sacaU 110 Ti0, 145 Ti0 saJjana (mUlarAja kA vidhi parAmarzadAtA 35, Ti0 --- sandhimAtA sanmati ( grantha ) sapAdalakSa 153, 171 samudragupta samudrasena - --- - - -- --- sabhAparva samantabhadra 48 samarasiMha samarAiccakahA samarAdityacaritra - - - 53 127, Ti0, 145, 71 Ti0 15 25, 45 - 132 53 Ti0 52 - 58 Ti0, 77, 169 54

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anukramaNikA [ 251 sampUrNAnanda abhinandana grantha - sAtavAhana ( rAjA)- 44, 46 144 Ti. 65, Ti0, 66, Ti0, 67-68, samprati ( dvitIya candragupta yA jaina 78-79, 145, 147, Ti., azoka )- 1, 74-76 158, 161, 166 sammati tarka - 51 sAtavAhana (zAlivAhana )-67, samyaktvasaptatikAvRtti -15,21 121, 142, Ti0, 143, Ti0, sarakAra, DI0 sI0 - 38 Ti0 144, 160 sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa ( rAja- sAtavAhana zAstra - 66 prAsAda)- 61 sAntU ( mantrI)- 92 sarpa-viSa-haraNa vidyA - 81 sAbaramatI-79 Ti. sarSapa vidyA- 15, 77 sAmantapAla - 130 salIma yanasI-148 sAmudrika zAstra - 42 sArasvata -61 saltanata-yuga - 140 sAkSya -115-123 sahajasundara - 122 siMdhI jaina granthamAlA - 31, 63 sahasra kIrti - 34 Ti0, 112 Ti. sahAvadIna sultAna ( zihAbuddIna siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha - 30 gorI) - 133 siMha, avadheza nArAyaNa - 144 sAMkhya - 172 Ti0 Ti. sAMginetI - 176 Ti0 sAGgaNa - 96, 130 siMhaguhApallI - 69-70, 72, sANDesarA, bhogIlAla ja0 - 99 Ti0 siMhanAda (paMcama kSetrapati ) 87 Ti. sAtakaNi (prathama)- 66.67, siMhamAmA- 101 Ti0, 77 siMha, raghunAtha - 168 Ti0, sAtavAhana (pulamAvi dvitIya ) 170 Ti. siMhalagna - 39 sAtavAhana prabandha (prako ke anta- sikandara (mahAn )- 133 Ti0, rgata pandrahavA~ prabandha)- 65- 169 68, 142, 147, 166, Ti0 siddIkI, ema0 jeDa0 - 139 Ti.

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252 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana siddhagiri - 78 Ti0 suvarNakIti ( digambara AcArya) siddharAja ( jayasiMha) -24 -41-42 57-59, 83-85, Ti0, 86, suvrata - 169 92-93, 95, 103, 126-129, suvratA -- 78 Ti. 156, 161 susthitAcArya - 69-70, 74-76 siddha sArasvata - 61 sussala - 87 Ti0, 89-93 siddha sArasvata ( maMtra)- 62 sahastisUri - 76 siddhasena ( divAkara)-47-48, sUktAvalI - 62 / / 50-51, 54, 78, 149, 153, sUrata - 45 156-157, 159 sUrapAla (de0 bappabhaTTi) siddhasena (dvitIya) -53 sUrimantra nityakarma-21 siddhAntasAra - 21, Ti. sUryaprajJapti - 38 Ti. sUryasiddhAnta - 144 simuka (sAtavAhana rAjA)- 66 sirAja, minahAjuddIna - 173 / / sUhavadevI - 60, 133 sutrakRta -38 Ti. sukRtakIrti-kallolinI - 26, seNTa alabaMsa ( landana ke samIpa) 101 -183, 185 sutasaMkIrtana -26, 99, Ti0 seDI ( DhI) nadI ( zveta nadIsudAsa (prathama zatAbdI I0) ____ madhyabhArata )-79, Ti. senavaMza - 60, 82, 128 sudhAkalaza - 18-19, Ti0 somacandra (dIkSoparAnta hemacandra sundarI ( zreSThinI)- 93 kA nAma )-58 subhagA -50 somatilaka sUri - 25, 118, subhASitaratnakoza - 65 120 subhASitaratnasandoha - 21 somanAtha (pATana)-14, 16 sumaGgalA- 69 84, 98, 118, 174 suyazA (kSatrANI) - 126 somAditya - 62 surathotsava -84 Ti. somezvara (kavi)- 26, 61suratrANa (sultAna ) - 60,102, 62, 84 Ti0, 99 Ti0; 1.1105, 133, 152 Ti. 102, 125

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saurASTra srota - 111-115 skandagupta 77, 169 skandapurANa - 56, Ti0, 113 skandilasUri ( prathama ) - 48 Ti0 skandila sUri (dvitIya) - 48, Ti0 skandilAcArya - 47 skaoNTalaiNDa sTabsa 183 Ti0 sTAina, e0 171 Ti0 sTUDeNTsa sTaiNDarDa iMgliza urdU DikzanarI 139 Ti0 sTraibo - 114 stambhatIrtha haMsa - 55, 78 Ti0 - - -- 14,55,79 stambhapura 97, 134 stambhanakakalpa ( vitIka ke anta rgata prabandha ) - 166 - - 52 www. sthUlabhadra 58, 147 spena 183, 185-186 smitha, vI0 e0 144 Ti0 syAdvAdakalikA syAdvAdamaJjarI slAva jAti 183, 185 - 87 Ti0-88 Ti0, svayambhU 120 svastika cihna - DONE 21 15 73 Ti0 - anukramaNikA ha 75 74 Ti0, [ 253 haja yAtrA 97, 100, 134 hadIsa ( paramparA ) - 139, Ti0 188 - hadIsa liTarecara (graMtha ) - 139 Ti0 hanumAnajI 98 habIba, mohammada - 177 Ti0, 180 Ti0 hammIradeva ( raNathambhaura kA cAha mAna ) - 153 hammIramadamardana Ti0 100, 101 - hara prasAda zAstrI haribhadra/harigupta / hArila - 15, 67 Ti0 52, 53 Ti0, 111, 144, 156-157 ---- haribhadracarita - 53 Ti0 haribhadrasUri prabandha ( prako ke antargata AThavA~ prabandha ) - 5253 harihara - 61-62, 64, 118, 125 harihara prabandha ( prako ke antargata bArahavA~ prabandha ) - 61-62, 125, 142, 189 harIya devI ( hUNa rAjaputrI ) - 15 Ti0 harSa kavi - 59-62, 114 safa prabandha ( prako ke antargata 5 Ti0 gyArahavA~ prabandha ) 59-61, 189

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254 ] prabandhakoza kA aitihAsika vivecana harSa ( kazmIra kA rAjA)-87; hisTarI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara 89, 90, 170 -7 Ti0, 29 Ti0, 159 harSacarita --- 1, 44, Ti0, 107, Ti0, 166 Ti0, 168 Ti. 168 hisTarI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara harSapura -14 Ti0 - 168 Ti0 harSapurIya gaccha - 14, 15 Ti. icdeg hisTarI oNpha hisTorikala rAi TiMgsa- 125 Ti0, 183 Ti0, harSavardhana -- 71 Ti0, 77, 82 185 Ti0, 188 Ti0, 89, 129, 156 / hisTarI iTsa parapaz2a aiNDa methaDa hasana ( bahamanI rAjya saMsthApaka) -145 Ti. -175 hasana, mohibUla -140, 167 hisToriensa oNpha meDivala Ti0, 175 Ti0, 179 Ti0, iNDiyA - 140 Ti0, 167 180 Ti0 Ti0, 174 Ti0-175 Ti0, 179 Ti0-180 Ti. hasaratanAmA-27 hasta-nakSatra - 149 hisToriyA mAinara - 183 hAjIuddabIra - 178 hisTorikala iMskripzaMsa oNpha gujahAthI gumphA abhilekha - 67 rAta - 121 Ti0 hAruna razIda ( khalIphA)- 148 hisTorikala jyogrephI oNpha hArDI, pI0 - 174 Ti. aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA - 79 TihAla ( sAtavAhanoM kA satrahavA~ 80 Ti. rAjA)- 66, Ti0, 67 hIgela - 108 hitopadeza - 121 hindI sAhitya koza - 80 Ti0; hIra (harSakavi ke pitA ) - 59 176 Ti. humAyU~- 24 hindI vizva koza - 174 Ti0 hulla ( senApati )-- 89 hindU kAla-gaNanA - 151 huviSka - 88 hindUkuza ( parvata ) - 62 huSka pura ( uSkara-bArmUlA )-88 hiraNyapura - 88 husaina, AgA mehadI - 25 Ti. hiraNyAkSa -88 henarI tRtIya - 184

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hemacandra 2-3, 5-6, 11, 14, 21, 26, 33, 37, 56-59, 116-119, 94-95, 112, 121, 126, 130, 156-157, 159 - 30-31 candrasabhA (pATana) hemacandrAcArya jIvana caritra - 7 Ti0, 117 Ti0 hemavijayagaNi- 121 16, 47 hemavidyA masiddhividyA Ti0 - Sxx dasavA~ prabandha ) 94, 126, 141 www.dcomm masUri prabandha (pro ke antargata -- 56-59, hemU (1556 I0 ) heroDoTasa - 37 helarAja 168 anukramaNikA www 16, 44, 138, - 77 hainAU hoyasala hayUjesa 185 89 188 Ti0 hvATa ija hisTarI. 137 Ti0 kSatrapa kSemendra - - -- 46 jJAnacandrasUri And - kSa 168-169 tra .43 Ti0 102, 104 - 105 tripAThI, saccidAnanda tribhuvanapAla triloka siMha - 131 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita - 5, 10-11, 59 trailokyavijayinI (vidyA) - 15 jJa [ 255 22 125 Ti0,

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zuddhi-patra paMkti . azuddha zuddha 117 121 145 146 148 159 165 167 173 174 kiMcidicAroM sUryaprajJAti ipi* iNDi. ipi0 iNDi. jinamaNDala zodha-prabandha dhavakkala nyulara zubhazIlamaNi aiDa navarAja rAjadhAnI praciddhi byulara byulara IliyaTa khijalI IliyaTa rijabI IliyaTa kiMcidvicAroM sUryaprajJapti epi0 iNDi epi0 iNDi0 jinamaNDana pustaka dhavalakka byUlara zubhazIlagaNi aiNDa vanarAja rAjadhAnI) pracidvi byUlara byUlara iliyaTa khaljI iliyaTa rijavI iliyaTa 176

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Ju Ju Ju Ju Liu Education Intemattonal For Private Earsorral Use Only