Bhagwati Sutra Ka Darshanik Parishilan

Author(s): Tara Daga
Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/023140/1

Page #1
bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana DaoN0 tArA DAgA

Page #2
paricaya 'bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana' nAmaka isa kRti kI lekhikA DaoN0 tArA DAgA gata kaI varSoM se prAkRta, apabhraMza jaisI prAcya bhASAoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana se jur3I huI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra jaise gahana Agama grantha para Apane apanA zodha prabandha likhakara 2003 meM jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM se pIeca0DI0 kI upAdhi prApta kii| prAkRta bhASA para Ayojita aneka rASTrIya evaM antarASTrIya saMgoSThiyAM meM bhI unakI sahabhAgitA rahI hai| prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana ko saralIkRta banAne meM unakI prAkRta sAhitya kI rUparekhA, prAkRta subodha pAThamAlA, prAkRta larniMga mainyUala (aMgrejI anuvAda) Adi kRtiyoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| racanAtmaka lekhana ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke kSetra meM bhI unakA karmaTha yogadAna rahA hai|

Page #3
prAkRta bhAratI puSpa - 314 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana DaoN0 tArA DAgA prakAzaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura

Page #4
prakAzakaH devendrarAja mehatA saMsthApaka evaM mukhya saMrakSaka, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI 13- e, gurunAnaka patha, mena mAlavIya nagara, jayapura-302017 dUrabhASa : 0141-2524827/520230 prathama saMskaraNa 2012 mUlya : 450/- rupaye (c) DaoN0 tArA DAgA ISBN NO. 978-93-81571-15-6 lejara TAipa seTiMga prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura mudraka: rAja prinTarsa, jayapura phona naM. 99820-66620 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana DaoN0 tArA DAgA / 2012 This book is printed on Eco-friendly paper.

Page #5
(prakAzakIya) jaina Agama evaM prAkRta bhASA se sambandhita granthoM para Adhunika dRSTi se hue zodha kAryoM kA prakAzana prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI kA mukhya lakSya rahA hai| isI kar3I meM DaoN0 tArA DAgA dvArA likhita bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana nAmaka kRti ko prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI kI puSpa saMkhyA 314 ke rUpa meM prakAzita kara rahe haiN| bhagavatIsUtra jaina Agama sAhitya kA pA~cavA~ aGga grantha hai| isakA mUla nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA gautama Adi ziSyoM ke prazrottaroM ke rUpa meM saMkalita isa grantha kA kalevara atyanta vizAla hai| vizva vidyA kI aisI koI vidhA nahIM jisakA isameM ullekha na ho| jainAcAryoM ne ise zAstrarAja evaM tattvavidyA kI khAna kahA hai| viSaya-vastu kI vizAlatA evaM akramabaddhatA ke kAraNa isa Agama para adhika zodha kArya nahIM haa| aise meM DaoN0 tArA DAgA dvArA bhagavatIsUtra ke dArzanika pakSa ko prastuta karane vAlI yaha kRti AgamoM para zodha kArya karane vAle tathA unakA paThana-pAThana karane vAle svAdhyAyI bandhuoM tathA zodhArthiyoM ke lie sAmayika prakAzana hogii| prastuta kRti kI lekhikA pichale kaI varSoM se prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ke antargata saMcAlita jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga meM adhyayana-adhyApana ke kAryoM se jur3I huI haiN| ve kaI rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya saMgoSThiyoM meM apane zodha-patra bhI prastuta kara cukI haiN| prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA se sambandhita unakI kucha pustakoM kA prakAzana pahale bhI kiyA jA cukA hai| prastuta zodha prabandha ko prakAzana yogya banAne hetu saMsthAna kI ora se unakA hArdika aabhaar| udAramanA dharmabandhu zrI tejarAjajI bAMThiyA ne pustaka-prakAzana ke liye artha sahayoga pradAna kiyA, unake prati prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI hRdaya se AbhArI hai| devendrarAja mehatA saMsthApaka evaM mukhya saMrakSaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura

Page #6
* anumodanA evaM anuzaMsA - bhagavatIsUtra jaina Agama sAhitya kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai, pUrva meM isake anuzIlana kA kArya DaoN0 je.sI. sikadara ne aMgrejI meM kiyA thaa| usake pazcAt isa mahattvapUrNa grantha ke anuzIlana kA zodhakArya zrImatI DaoN0 tArA DAgA ne kiyaa| mujhe unake isa zodha grantha ke parIkSaka hone kA avasara bhI milA thA, aura maiMne pAyA ki yaha anuzIlana atyanta hI mahattvapUrNa hai, kintu durbhAgya se unakA yaha zodhaprabandha paryApta samaya se aprakAzita hI thA, jabaki Agamapriya hindI bhASI jaina janatA ko unake isa grantha kI ati AvazyakatA thii| hamAre samAja kA yaha durbhAgya hai ki sAhityika evaM anuzIlana kI dRSTi se aneka astarIya grantha bhI prakAzita ho jAte haiM aura starIya grantha prakAzana kI rAha dekhate rahate haiN| isa avasara para nizcaya hI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, dhanyavAda kI pAtra hai, jisane isa grantha ke prakAzana meM sahayogI banane kA dAyitva liyA hai| ___mujhe yaha jAnakara ati prasannatA ho rahI hai ki DaoN0 tArA DAgA kA bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika anuzIlana' nAmaka yaha zodhaprabandha prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura ke sahayoga se prakAzita ho rahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra nizcaya hI jaina Agama sAhitya meM vividha viSayoM kI Akara ke samAna hai| isa mahattvapUrNa grantha para DaoN0 tArA DAgA ne jo anuzIlanAtmaka kArya kiyA hai vaha bhI apane viSaya kI dRSTi se na kevala mahattvapUrNa kArya hai, apitu eka starIya kArya bhI hai| maiM DaoN0 tArA DAgA ke isa kArya kA prazaMsaka hU~ aura grantha prakAzana ke avasara para apanI ora se unheM badhAI prastuta karatA huuN| merI dRSTi meM isa mahattvapUrNa kArya ke prakAzana se na kevala vidvat jagata, apitu janasAmAnya bhI lAbhAnvita hogA, kyoki unheM hindI bhASA meM aise mahattvapUrNa grantha kI viSaya sAmagrI sahaja hI upalabdha ho jaavegii| anta meM puna: maiM apanI evaM prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura kI ora se DaoN0 tArA DAgA ko evaM prakAzana saMsthA prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura ko dhanyavAda detA hU~ IV bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #7
ki unhoMne apane sadprayAsoM ke dvArA Agama sAhitya ke eka mahattvapUrNa grantha kI viSaya-vastu ko jana-jana ke adhyayana yogya banAyA hai| sAtha hI maiM yaha apekSA bhI rakhatA hU~ ki na kevala jaina samAja meM apitu vidvat jagata meM isa grantha ke prakAzana kA svAgata hogaa| loga isa grantha kA adhyayana kara apanI jJAna cetanA ko vikasita kareMge aura apanI jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna paayeNge| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina saMsthApaka nidezaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura anumodanA evaM anuzaMsA

Page #8

Page #9
jaanun bhagavatIsUtra jainaardhamAgadhI Agama paramparA kA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isakA mUla nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti nAma vAlA yaha paMcama aMga grantha janasAdhAraNa meM apanI pUjyatA va mahattA ke kAraNa hI bhagavatI ke nAma se prasiddha huA hai| sampUrNa grantha praznottara zailI meM likhA gayA hai jisameM gautama gaNadhara tathA anya jijJAsu ziSyoM dvArA pUche gaye sahasroM praznoM ke uttara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM pradAna kara unakI jijJAsAoM ko zAMta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| vastutaH yaha jJAna kA aisA vizva koza hai, jo apane meM samasta viSayoM ko samAhita kiye hue hai| AcAryoM ne ise zAstrarAja evaM jJAna kA mahAsAgara kahakara saMbodhita kiyA hai| vibhinna viSayoM se saMbaMdhita jJAna-vijJAna kI dhArA ko pravAhita karane vAlA yaha graMtha zodha kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| grantha kI vizAlatA evaM viSayavastu kI akramabaddhatA ke kAraNa isa grantha para aisA koI zodha kArya nahIM huA jo isake dArzanika pakSa kA pratinidhitva karatA ho| aMgrejI meM DaoN0 je. sI. sikadara ne isa para apanA vistRta zodha-prabaMdha prastuta kiyA hai, kintu vaha isake sAMskRtika pakSa kA hI adhika pratinidhitva karatA hai| DaoN0 sAdhvI caitanya prajJA jI ne isake vaijJAnika pakSa para zodha adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta kRti bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana isa vizAlakAya grantha ke dArzanika pakSa ko prastuta karane kA eka choTA sA prayAsa hai| isa kRti kI viSayavastu 17 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prastuta kRti ke prathama adhyAya meM isa avasarpiNI kAla meM hue RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM dvArA mAnava kalyANa ke lie upadeza diye jAte rahe haiN| kintu, jaina paramparA antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko hI prAkkathana VII

Page #10
Agama ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| arthAt vartamAna meM jo zruta upalabdha hai vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa hai, jise gaNadharoM ne sUtra rUpa meM granthabaddha kiyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jaina vAGamaya kI yaha jJAnarAzi maukhika rUpa meM guru-paramparA se ziSyoM ko prApta hotI rahI, kintu kAla va paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa AgamoM kA kramazaH viccheda honA prAraMbha ho gyaa| unheM surakSita rakhane ke lie zramaNoM dvArA vibhinna sammelana bulAye gaye tathA unheM likhita rUpa pradAna kiyA gyaa| ye sammelana Agama vAcanAoM ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| paMcama vAcanA vIra-nirvANa ke lagabhaga 980 varSa bAda vallabhI meM devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM huii| isameM sabhI AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha kiyA gyaa| yahI jJAna rAzi vibhinna Agama graMthoM ke rUpa meM Aja hameM upalabdha hai| isa vivecana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina AcAryoM ke athaka parizrama ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI jaina Agama sAhitya ke rUpa meM surakSita hai, aura yahI jaina dharma va saMskRti ko jAnane kA mUla AdhAra hai| prastuta kRti ke isI adhyAya meM bhinna-bhinna AdhAroM para AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AgamoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ apekSita thaa| kintu, anya granthoM meM yaha sAmagrI vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa use yahA~ prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra tathA anya AgamoM meM pratipAdita viSayavastu kI sAmyatA ko spaSTa karate hue anya AgamoM ke pariprekSya meM bhagavatIsUtra ke sthAna ko nirdhArita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmakathA, uttarAdhyayana, prajJApanAsUtra Adi AgamoM meM varNita tattva vivecana, AcAra vivecana, pramANa, naya, karma, kriyA Adi viSayoM kA vivecana bhagavatIsUtra meM kisI nA kisI rUpa meM avazya huA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke vibhinna pahaluoM kA lekhA-jokhA bhI yaha grantha prastuta karatA hai| ataH isa adhyAya meM yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita viSayoM kA anya AgamoM se gaharA sambandha hai| ise pUrNa samajhane ke lie anya AgamoM kA adhyayana utanA hI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai jitanA ki anya Agama granthoM ko jAnane ke lie bhagavatIsUtra kA adhyayana jarUrI hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana ke tRtIya adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra kA paricaya vistAra se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya meM bhagavatIvRtti ke AdhAra para bhagavatIsUtra ke mUla nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti ke bhinna-bhinna nAmakaraNoM VIII bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #11
* kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| gautama gaNadhara Adi ziSyoM dvArA pUche gaye praznoM kI bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA zreSThatama vidhi se prajJApanA yA vizada vivecana jisa grantha meM kiyA gayA vaha vyAkhyAprajJapti kahalAyA / vyAkhyAprajJapti eka viziSTa Agama thA, logoM meM isake prati vizeSa zraddhA va bhakti thI, jisase isa graMtha ke nAma ke Age bhagavatI vizeSaNa jur3a gayA jo bAda meM isakA svataMtra nAma bana gyaa| isa adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra ke AkAra, racanAkAla, zailI Adi para bhI carcA kI gaI hai| grantha ke prAcIna AkAra ke anusAra isameM 36000 praznoM kA vyAkaraNa (vivecana ) thA / kintu, vartamAna meM isameM mukhya rUpa se 41 zataka prApta hote haiM / avAntara zataka milAne se zatakoM kI saMkhyA 138 hotI hai tathA 1925 uddezaka haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke sUtrarUpa meM racanAkAra gaNadhara sudharmA hI haiN| kintu, bhagavatIsUtra graMtha kA vartamAna svarUpa aneka zatAbdiyoM kI racanAoM kA pariNAma hai| ataH isa grantha ke racanAkAla kI avadhi IsA pU. 500 se IsA kI chaThI zatI arthAt lagabhaga 1000 varSa kI mAnI gaI hai| racanAzailI kI dRSTi se prastuta grantha praznottara zailI meM likhA gayA hai| isakI racanAzailI kI eka anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isa grantha meM kisI bhI viSaya kA vivecana anya granthoM kI taraha kramabaddha yA vyavasthita nahIM hai / praznakarttA ke mana meM jaba bhI koI prazna uThatA ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa usakA samAdhAna prApta karane pahu~ca jAte aura gaNadhara sudharmA dvArA una praznottaroM ko usI krama meM grathita kara liyA gyaa| prastuta kRti ke isa adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra ke vyAkhyA - sAhitya kA bhI saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra mUla meM hI itanA vistRta grantha thA ki isa para vyAkhyA - sAhitya kama hI likhA gayA / isa para eka ati laghu cUrNi tathA abhayadevasUrikRta saMkSipta vRtti prApta hotI hai / 1 caturtha adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra meM samAviSTa vizAlakAya viSayavastu kA saMkSiptikaraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / viSayavastu kI dRSTi se bhagavatIsUtra meM prAyaH sabhI viSayoM se sambandhita sAmagrI prApta hotI hai / nandIsUtra meM vyAkhyAprajJapti kA viSaya-vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM jIvoM kI, ajIvoM kI, svasamaya, parasamaya, svaparaubhayasamaya siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA tathA lokAloka kA svarUpa varNita hai| vastutaH ye sabhI viSaya bhagavatIsUtra ke vibhinna zatakoM meM akramabaddha rUpa se vivecita haiM / prastuta kRti ke isa adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra ke vibhinna zatakoM meM pratipAdita akramabaddha viSayavastu ko kramavAra prAkkathana IX

Page #12
kara saMkSipta rUpa se prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| dravya vivecana meM chaH dravyoM ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| AcAra vivecana meM zramaNoM ke AcAra ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvakAcAra kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| karmabaMdha va kriyA vivecana meM karmabaMdha ke kAraNa, prakriyA, kAMkSAmohanIyakarma, lezyAdi tathA kriyA ke vibhinna prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| loka-paraloka vivecana meM loka ke svarUpa kA jaina dRSTikoNa se vivecana hai| kathAnaka prakaraNa meM grantha meM varNita vibhinna kathAnakoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM zatakoM ke anusAra bhI viSayavastu kA prastutikaraNa kiyA gayA hai| vistAra bhaya se isa adhyAya meM sabhI zatakoM kI viSayavastu nahIM dete hue pramukha-pramukha zatakoM kI viSayavastu dI gaI hai jisake adhyayana se zatakoM ke anusAra grantha kI viSayavastu kI zailI se bhI avagata huA jA skegaa| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana ke pA~caveM adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra ke mahattva ko vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki dharma-darzana pradhAna yaha grantha aneka sAMskRtika mUlyoM va paramparAoM ko apane meM samAhita kiye hue hai| inake adhyayana se mahAvIra-kAlIna samAja va saMskRti kA sampUrNa citra hamAre samakSa upasthita ho jAtA hai| isameM pratipAdita manovijJAna, vijJAna, kalA Adi se sambandhita sAmagrI ise Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM vijJAna ke samakakSa lA khar3A karatI hai| chaThe adhyAya meM loka-svarUpa para vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya meM vibhinna jaina granthoM meM varNita loka ke svarUpa kI vivecanA karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM pratipAdita loka-svarUpa kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| loka kA svarUpa batAte hue use pAMca astikAyoM-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya tathA pudgalAstikAya kA samUha mAnA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se loka ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue dravya va kSetra kI dRSTi se loka ko sAnta tathA bhAva va kAla kI dRSTi se ananta batAyA hai| kSetraloka ke tIna bheda- Urdhvaloka, adholoka va madhyaloka kiye haiN| tInoM ke saMsthAna kA nirUpaNa karate hue adholoka ko tipAI ke AkAra kA, madhyaloka ko jhAlara ke AkAra kA, tathA Urdhvaloka ko UrdhvamRdaMga ke AkAra kA batAyA hai| sampUrNa loka kA AkAra 'trizarAvasaMpuTAkAra' batAyA hai| loka-svarUpa kI vivecanA meM aSTavidha loka bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #13
sthiti, loka kA parimANa, loka kI vizAlatA, loka kI lambAI kA madhya bhAga, loka- aloka kA krama, avakAzAntara, lokAnta va alokAnta kA sparza Adi kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa sampUrNa vivecana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki loka ke svarUpa kI vivecanA meM loka ko pA~ca astikAyoM kA samUha hI mAnA hai| astikAya rUpa na hone ke kAraNa kAla dravya ko loka kI saMracanA meM sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai / dUsarI bAta loka va aloka ke krama meM sAtavIM pRthvI ko hI loka kA anta na mAnate hue usake nIce ghanodadhi, ghanavAta, tanuvAta va avakAzAntara mAne haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM jahA~ eka ora loka kA svarUpa batAte hue use paMcAstikAya rUpa mAnA hai vahIM dUsarI ora sarva dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaH mAnI hai- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya evaM addhAsamaya (kaal)| sAtaveM adhyAya meM vibhinna jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para dravya kI paribhASA va usake utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai / dravya va paryAya ke sambandha ko vibhinna udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki dravya sthira hai usakI paryAyeM badalatI rahatI haiM parantu badalatI rahane vAlI paryAyoM ke sAtha dravya nahIM badalatA hai, vaha sadA zAzvata rahatA hai / yadyapi jaina granthoM meM dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaH mAnI gaI hai tathApi bhinna-bhinna granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se una chaH dravyoM kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| pravacanasAra, tattvArtharAjavArtika, sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM meM ullekhita vibhAjana kA ullekha karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM pratipAdita dravya ke vibhAjana ko isa adhyAya meM vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya ke do pramukha bheda jIva tathA ajIva kiye haiM / ajIva dravya ke rUpI - ajIvadravya tathA arUpI - ajIvadravya ye do bheda kiye haiM / puna: arUpIajIvadravya ke bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se 5, 7, 10 bheda kiye gaye haiM / kintu, inameM mukhya bheda dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya va addhAsamaya hI haiM, zeSa bheda deza va pradeza kI dRSTi se kiye gaye haiM / anya jaina granthoM meM bhI mukhya rUpa se dravya chaH hI mAne gaye haiM ataH Age ke adhyAyoM meM isI krama meM chaH dravyoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AThaveM adhyAya meM jIva- dravya kA pratipAdana hai / isa adhyAya meM anya jainAgamoM meM varNita jIva kA svarUpa batAte hue bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra jIva XI prAkkathana

Page #14
ke svarUpa ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| use varNa, gaMdha, rasa va sparza se rahita hone ke kAraNa arUpI tathA loka meM avasthita hone se loka pramANa kahA hai| jIva dravya kA pramukha lakSaNa grantha meM caitanya mAnA hai| caitanya va jIva meM tAdAtmya sthApita karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jIve tAva niyamA jIva, jIve vi niyamA jIve - (6.10.2) arthAt jo jIva hai vaha nizcita rUpa se caitanya svarUpa hai tathA jo caitanya hai vaha bhI nizcita rUpa se jIva hai| sthAnAMga, pravacanasAra, dravyasaMgraha Adi granthoM meM bhI cetanA ko jIva kA pramukha lakSaNa mAnA hai| jIva meM kartRtva va bhoktRtva bhAva ko vibhinna udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jIva apane kiye hue karmoM kA kartA hai tathA usakA phala bhoge binA isa saMsAra se mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| jIva ke parimANa ko lekara prAyaH anya sabhI darzanoM ne apanI-apanI mAnyatAe~ prastuta kI haiN| sAMkhya, nyAya, vaizeSika Adi darzana amUrta hone ke kAraNa AtmA ko sarvavyApaka mAnate haiM, vahIM kucha vedAntavAdI use aNu rUpa mAnate haiN| anya jaina granthoM kI taraha bhagavatIsUtra meM AtmA ko na sarvavyApaka mAnA hai na aNu parimANa apitu use svadeha parimANa kahA hai| zarIra ke AkAra ke anusAra hI jIva kA saMkocana va vistAra hotA rahatA hai tathA jIva ke pradeza zarIra ke hara aMza meM vyApta rahate haiN| jIva ke svarUpa ko dravya va paryAya donoM hI dRSTiyoM se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| dravya kI dRSTi se jIva zAzvata va paryAya kI dRSTi se azAzvata hai| dravya va kSetra kI dRSTi se jIva anta sahita tathA kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se anta rahita hai| jIva abhedya, achedya va adAhya hai| jIva ke pradezoM kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki lokAkAza kI taraha eka jIva ke bhI asaMkhyAta pradeza hote haiM tathA sampUrNa jIvAstikAya ke ananta pradeza haiN| jIva dravya ko ananta mAnate hue kahA gayA hai ki nairayika, vAyukAyika Adi asaMkhyAta haiM, vanaspatikAyika siddha Adi ananta haiM ataH jIva dravya ananta haiN| caitanya sabhI prANiyoM meM sarvadA eka sA nahIM rahatA hai usakA rUpAntaraNa hotA rahatA hai| isa dRSTi se bhagavatIsUtra meM AtmA ke ATha bheda kiye gaye haiMdravya-AtmA, kaSAya-AtmA, yoga-AtmA, upayoga-AtmA, jJAna-AtmA, darzanaAtmA, cAritra-AtmA, viiry-aatmaa| jIva va pudgala ke sambandha ko pratipAdita karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva va pudgala paraspara spRSTa haiM, paraspara gAr3harUpa se mile hue haiM, paraspara snigdhatA meM pratibaddha haiM, paraspara gAr3ha bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana XII

Page #15
I hokara rahe haiM / jIva va pudgala ke isa sambandha ko isa adhyAya meM jIva va zarIra, jIva va mana tathA jIva va indriya Adi pahaluoM ke rUpa meM vivecita karate hue yaha niSkarSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra jIva va pudgala ke sambandhoM ko lekara na sarvathA bhedavAda kA samarthana karatA hai, na sarvathA abhedavAda kA, apitu bhedAbhedavAda ko svIkAra karatA hai| isa adhyAya meM jIvoM ke bheda - prabheda para bhI vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se prakAza DAlA gayA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM caitanya kI dRSTi se jahA~ sabhI jIvoM meM ekatva kI prarUpaNA karate hue jIva kA eka bheda kiyA hai vahIM anya dRSTiyoM se jIva ke do, cha:, caudaha Adi bheda bhI kiye haiN| pRthvIkAyAdi sthAvara jIvoM ke svarUpa para isa adhyAya meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai / pRthvIkAya Adi sthAvara jIvoM meM zvAsa, AhAra, karma, kriyA, vedanA Adi kI prarUpaNA vaijJAnika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana meM bhI sthAvara jIvoM para sUkSma cintana huA hai / isa dRSTi se bhagavatIsUtra AcArAMga kA pUraka grantha hai| trasa jIvoM meM dvIndriya jIvoM se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM tathA unake bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ajIva-dravya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- rUpI - ajIva dravya arthAt pudgala evaM arUpI - ajIva dravya arthAt dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya evaM addhAsamaya / naveM adhyAya meM rUpI - ajIva dravya ke vivecana meM pudgala dravya evaM paramANu ke svarUpa para vistAra se carcA prastuta kI gaI hai| pudgala dravya ko pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gaMdha, ATha sparzoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa rUpI dravya kahA hai| pudgala dravya ko dravyadRSTi se ananta dravya, kSetra kI dRSTi se loka pramANa, kAla kI dRSTi se trikAlavartI hone ke kAraNa nitya, bhAva kI dRSTi se rUpa, rasa, gaMdha va sparza se yukta tathA guNa kI dRSTi se grahaNa guNa vAlA batAyA hai| pudgala kI carcA meM usake AkAra-prakAra, sthiti, pudgala pariNAmoM ke prakAra, pudgala kI zAzvatatA - azAzvatatA Adi kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pudgala ke cAra prakAra nirdiSTa kiye gaye haiMskandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza va paramANu - pudgala / AcArya kuMdakuMda ne pravacanasAra meM pudgala dravya ke ina cAroM bhedoM kI carcA kI hai kintu, niyamasAra meM unhoMne skandha ke chaH bhedoM kI carcA bhI kI hai- 1. atisthUla, 2. sthUla, 3. sthUlasUkSma, 4. sUkSmasthUla, 5. sUkSma, 6. atisUkSma / yaha carcA bhagavatIsUtra meM nahIM milatI hai 1 prAkkathana - XIII

Page #16
paramANu ke svarUpa kI jitanI vistAra se carcA bhagavatIsUtra meM kI gaI hai vaha anya Agama granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| paramANu ko eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa va do sparzoM se yukta mAnA hai| bAda meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne bhI paMcAstikAya meM paramANu ke isI svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANu ko abhedya, achedya, anArdra, adAhya va avibhAjya kahA hai| paramANu ko AkAra rahita batAte hue use anarddha, amadhya va apradezI kahA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se paramANu ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM- dravya paramANu, kSetra paramANu, kAla paramANu va bhAva prmaannu| paramANu meM gati kI tIvratA kI prarUpaNA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki eka paramANu eka samaya meM loka ke eka caramAnta se dUsare caramAnta taka calA jAtA hai| paramANu nirmANa kI prakriyA, paramANu baMdha, pudgala-paramANu kA saMyoga-viyoga Adi ko bhI isa adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dasaveM adhyAya kA pratipAdya arUpI-ajIvadravya hai| arUpI-ajIvadravya meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya va addhAsamaya (kAla) ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM dharmAstikAya ko arUpI, ajIva, zAzvata tathA loka avasthita evaM gati meM sahAyaka dravya mAnA hai| pudgala dravya kI taraha dharmAstikAya ke pradeza, deza yA paramANu Adi bhAga nahIM hote haiM, akhaNDa rUpa se pUre dharmAstikAya ko hI dharmAstikAya mAnA hai| dharmAstikAya se jIvoM ke Agamana, gamana, bhASA, unmeSa, manoyoga, kAyayoga, vacanayoga Adi bhAva pravRtta hote haiN| dharmAstikAya kI taraha hI adharmAstikAya kA svarUpa bhI varNita hai| adharmAstikAya ko sthiti meM sahAyaka batAyA gayA hai| AcArya siddhasena Adi kucha dArzanika dharmAstikAya va adharmAstikAya ko svataMtra dravya na mAnakara unheM dravya kI paryAya mAtra mAnate haiN| kintu, bhagavatIsUtra meM vivecita dharma-adharma dravya ke svarUpa se yaha pramANita ho jAtA hai ki dharma-adharma dravya jIva va pudgala kI gati va sthiti meM sahAyaka haiN| unake abhAva meM jIva va padagala ananta AkAza meM gati karane lageMge tathA sampUrNa loka vyavasthA hI dhvasta ho jaayegii| bhagavatIsUtra meM AkAzAstikAya ko loka-aloka pramANa ananta dravya rUpa mAnA hai| vyavasthA kI dRSTi se AkAza ke do bheda kiye haiM lokAkAza va alokaakaash| jahA~ jIvAdi dravya rahate haiM vaha lokAkAza tathA usase pare XIV bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #17
ananta alokAkAza hai jahA~ na jIva hai na jIva ke deza, na ajIva ke prdesh| vaha eka ajIva dravya deza hai| avagAhanA ko AkAza kA pramukha guNa mAnA hai| AkAzAstikAya kI vivecanA meM aindri (pUrva), AgneyI (agnikoNa) Adi dasa dizAoM ke svarUpa kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa pakSa kAla dravya ko svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna karanA hai| kAla dravya kA astitva hai yaha to sabhI jaina paraMparAe~ svIkAra karatI haiM, kintu kAla dravya kI svataMtra sattA ko lekara jaina paraMparA meM do mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiN| eka paraMparA kAla dravya ko svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai jabaki dUsarI paraMparA use jIva-ajIva kI paryAya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna karatI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM sarvadravyoM kI vivecanA meM kAla dravya ko cha: dravyoM meM svataMtra sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna Agama granthoM, paravartI Agama sAhitya tathA Adhunika vidvAnoM ke dRSTikoNoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karane ke pazcAt isa adhyAya meM yahI niSkarSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki kAla dravya kI svataMtra sattA hai| kAla dravya ke kAraNa hI jIva-ajIva kI paryAya meM parivartana hotA hai ata: use jIva-ajIva kI paryAya bhI kahA gayA hai| gyArahaveM adhyAya meM bhagavatIsatra meM vivecita jJAna-mImAMsA tathA pramANa kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna ko nizcaya rUpa se AtmarUpa hI mAnA hai- NAMNe puNa niyamaM AyA - (12.10.10) pravacanasAra meM bhI AcArya kuMdakuMda ne nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se jJAna va AtmA meM abheda svIkAra kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna ko sAkAropayoga va darzana ko nirAkAropayoga mAnA hai| jJAnavAda ke vikAsa kI paraMparA kI carcA meM AgamoM meM tIna bhUmikAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prathama bhUmikA bhagavatIsUtra meM prApta hotI hai jahA~ jJAna ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. Abhinibodhika, 2. zruta, 3. avadhi, 4. mana:paryava, 5. kevljnyaan| dvitIya bhUmikA sthAnAMga meM prApta hotI hai jahA~ jJAna ko pratyakSa va parokSa do bhedoM meM vibhakta kara pAMcoM jJAnoM meM se mati va zruta ko parokSa ke antargata rakhA gayA tathA avadhi, manaHparyava va kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa ke antargata rakhA hai| jJAna vibhAjana kI tRtIya bhUmikA nandIsUtra meM prApta hotI hai jahA~ indriyajanya matijJAna ko pratyakSa va parokSa donoM meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna vibhAjana meM jJAna ke Abhinibodhika Adi pA~ca bheda karate prAkkathana XV

Page #18
hue punaH Abhinibodhika ke avagraha, IhA, avAya va dhAraNA ye cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| nandIsUtra meM jJAna-vibhAjana kI paraMparA dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vahA~ prAraMbha meM hI jJAna ke pA~coM bhedoM ko pratyakSa va parokSa ina do bhedoM meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai tathA Abhinibodhika jJAna ke zrutani:sRta tathA azrutaniHsRta ye do bheda bhI kiye gaye haiN| bhagavatIsatra meM varNita vibhAjana meM ye do bheda nahIM milate haiN| isase yaha niSkarSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita jJAna kA vibhAjana sarvAdhika prAcIna hai, Age isI paraMparA kA vikAsa huA hai| isa adhyAya meM nandIsUtra ke anusAra jJAna-vibhAjana kA saMkSepa meM paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM pramANa kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai- 'chadmastha manuSya kevalI kI taraha antakara yA antima zarIra ko na jAnatA hai na dekhatA hai vaha sunakara yA pramANa se jAnatA va dekhatA hai|' yahA~ pA~coM jJAna kI dRSTi se uttara nA dekara pramANa kI dRSTi se uttara diyA gayA jo ki yaha siddha karatA hai ki anya dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina AgamakAra pramANa vyavasthA se anabhijJa nahIM the| ve svasammata jJAnoM kI taraha pramANoM ko bhI jJApti meM svataMtra sAdhana mAnate the| pramANa ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM- pratyakSa, anumAna, upamA, aagm| inakA vivecana anuyogadvArasUtra se pUrNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| ataH prastuta kRti ke isa adhyAya meM anuyogadvAra ke AdhAra para pramANa para saMkSipta vivecana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| __ jaina jJAna-mImAMsA va pramANa kI carcA anekAntavAda, syAdvAda va nayavAda ke binA adhUrI hai| bArahaveM adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra ke AdhAra para anekAntavAd, syAdvAda va nayavAda kA bhI vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke una dasa svapnoM kA varNana hai jo unhoMne chadmastha avasthA kI antima rAtri meM dekhe the| usameM se tIsarA svapna unheM anekAntavAda kA upadezaka svIkAra karatA hai| yaha bAta bhagavatIsUtra ke adhyayana se pramANita bhI hotI hai| prAyaH isa grantha meM tattvavidyA sambandhI praznoM ke uttara dete samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA anekAntadRSTi kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| unake dvArA loka kI nityatA-anityatA, jIvAdi dravyoM kI zAzvatatA-azAzvatatA, dravya kI ekatA-anekatA, dravya paryAya ke sambandha Adi kA udghATana isI anekAntavAda ke pariprekSya meM kiyA gayA hai| XVI bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #19
anekAntavAda ko bhASA meM pratipAdita karane vAlI zailI syAdvAd kahalAtI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM Aye aneka udAharaNa syAdvAda ke dyotaka haiN| yathA - jIvA siya sAsatA, siya asAsatA (7.2.35 ) / aise kaI aura bhI udAharaNa isa grantha meM milate haiM jahA~ vastu ke nAnA dharmoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie syAdvAdazailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / bhagavatIsUtra ke adhyayana se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki paravartI AcAryoM ne saptabhaMgI kI jo kalpanA kI, usakA mUla rUpa bhagavatIsUtra meM maujUda hai| prAraMbha meM to vidhi, niSedha, ubhaya va avaktavya ina cAra bhaMgoM kI hI prastuti huI thii| isake aneka udAharaNa grantha meM Aye haiN| inase spaSTa hotA hai ki syAdvAda ke maulika bhaMga prAraMbha meM cAra hI the| ina cAra bhaMgoM ke atirikta vibhinna udAharaNoM dvArA 6, 7, 13, 19, 22 va 23 bhaMgoM kI yojanA bhI prastuta kI gaI hai, lekina ina sabhI ke mUla meM bhaMga sAta hI haiM zeSa bhaMga eka vacana yA bahuvacana ke bheda se haiM / - anekAntavAda kA mUla AdhAra nayavAda hai| paravartI dArzanika sAhitya meM ullekhita naigamAdi sAta nayoM kI carcA bhagavatIsUtra meM nahIM milatI hai, lekina unakA prAraMbhika svarUpa dravyArthika va paryAyArthika naya ke rUpa meM yahA~ surakSita hai| paryAyArthika naya ke lie bhAvArthika zabda kA prayoga bhI huA hai / bAda ke dArzanika AcArya siddhasena ne sanmatiprakaraNa meM isa bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkArA hai ki mUla meM to naya ke do hI bheda haiM- dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika / nayoM para bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva; dravyArthika va pradezArthika, avyucchittinaya va vyucchittinaya, oghAdeza - vidhAnAdeza Adi dRSTiyoM se vivecana huA hai| terahaveM adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra meM ullekhita mahAvIrakAlIna jaina evaM pramukha jainetara dArzanika paraMparAoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / bhagavatIsUtra ke adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM aneka dArzanika paraMparAe~ pracalita thIM / AjIvika, parivrAjaka, tApasa, kAndarpika, caraka, Abhiyogika Adi kA ullekha isa grantha meM huA hai / vibhinna zatakoM meM pArzvApatyIya sthavIroM tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke bIca hue vArtAlApa meM pArzvApatyIyoM dvArA cAturyAma dharma ke sthAna para paMcamahAvrata rUpa dharma svIkAra karane kA vivecana bhI milatA hai / isa adhyAya meM jamAli dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA dhAraNa karane, tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM ke sAtha usake I prAkkathana XVII

Page #20
matabheda kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai / AjIvika sampradAya ke itihAsa, anuyAyI, siddhAnta, AcAra Adi kA isa adhyAya meM vistAra se vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AjIvika mata ke viSaya meM prApta sAmagrI se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha sampradAya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva meM bhI vidyamAna thA tathA zrama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM gozAlaka ke aneka anuyAyI the / anya dArzanika paraMparAoM meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, vinayavAdI tathA ajJAnavAdI kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa sampUrNa vivecana se na kevala bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM vidyamAna jaina evaM jainetara dArzanika paraMparAoM ke AcAra-vyavahAra, siddhAntoM Adi kA jJAna hotA hai apitu yaha tathya bhI sAmane AtA hai ki bhinna-bhinna dArzanika paramparAoM ke samarthakoM meM dhArmika kaTTaratA kA abhAva thaa| prAyaH aneka samasyAoM va jijJAsAoM para ve Apasa meM carcA karate aura saMzayoM ko dUra karate the / bhagavatIsUtra meM aneka udAharaNa Aye haiM jahA~ anya dharma va sampradAya ke logoM dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa apanI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prApta kara zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kI gaI / bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana pustaka meM Age ke adhyAyoM meM bhagavatIsUtra kA dhArmika mUlyAMkana karate hue jaina AcAracaryA kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jaina paraMparA meM AcAra ko hI dharma mAnA hai| jaina AcAra kI yaha paraMparA do rUpoM meM vikasita huI hai, zramaNAcAra va zrAvakAcAra / caudahaveM adhyAya meM jaina zramaNa paraMparA kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta karate hue zramaNa ke svarUpa, zramaNa - jIvana kI mahattA, zramaNa dIkSA ke vibhinna AyAma yathA - vaya, vairAgya ke kAraNa, anumati, dIkSAabhiniSkramaNa mahotsava Adi kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| skanda muni ke jIvana carita dvArA zramaNacaryA kA vyavasthita krama bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / pandrahaveM adhyAya meM bhagavatIsUtra ke pariprekSya meM zramaNoM ke AcAra evaM tapacaryA kA vistAra se vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / sAmAnya sAdhvAcAroM meM ArAdhanA, paMcavidha vyavahAra, trividha jAgarikA, samiti, gupti, pA~ca mahAvratoM Adi kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa sAdhvAcAroM meM tapa, parISaha, bhikSu pratimAe~, guNaratnasaMvatsaratapa, saMlekhanA Adi ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| tapa kI mahattA ko pratipAdita karate hue tapa kA phala mukti batAyA hai| prAraMbha meM tapa ke do bheda kiye haiM, bAhya tapa va AbhyAntara tapa / punaH bAhyatapa ke anazana, avamaudarya, bhikSAcaryA, rasaparityAga, kAyakleza va pratisaMlInatA ye bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana XVIII

Page #21
chaH bheda tathA AbhyAntara tapa ke prAyazcita, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna tathA vyutsarga ye cha: bheda kiye haiN| parISaha vivecana meM 22 parISahoM kA ullekha karate hue unakA jJAnAvaraNIya, vedanIya, antarAya va mohanIya ina cAra karma prakRtiyoM meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt 12 bhikSu pratimAe~, guNaratnasaMvatsara tapa tathA saMlekhanApUrvaka samAdhimaraNa kA vistAra se vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zramaNAcAra kI taraha bhagavatIsUtra meM zrAvakAcAra para vistAra se varNana nahIM huA hai| vibhinna zramaNopAsakoM ke prakaraNoM tathA unakI jIvanacaryA se zrAvaka ke vibhinna AcAra-vratoM para prakAza par3atA hai| somila brAhmaNa ke prasaMga meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA ullekha huA hai| zaMkha zrAvaka ke prakaraNa meM pauSadhavrata kI vidhi va mahattA varNita huI hai| tuMgikA nagarI ke zramaNopAsakoM kI jIvanacaryA zrAvaka ke AcAra para vizeSa prakAza DAlatI hai| ataH solahaveM adhyAya meM anya zrAvakAcAra ke granthoM ke AdhAra para zrAvakAcAra para eka kramabaddha vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa sampUrNa vivecana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha AcAra ko bhI mahattva diyA gayA hai| usI vyakti ko saccA ArAdhaka mAnA hai jo zruta sampanna hone ke sAtha-sAtha zIla sampanna bhI hai| skandaka muni kI jIvana caryA ke vivaraNa dvArA yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki eka sAdhAraNa vyakti kisa prakAra zramaNa dIkSA ko aMgIkAra kara paMca mahAvrata, samiti, gupti Adi sAmAnya sAdhvAcAroM kA pAlana karate hue tapa Adi vizeSa sAdhvAcAroM se karmoM kA kSaya kara mukti ke mArga kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isa adhyAya meM zrAvakAcAra ke varNana meM yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki AcAravAna zrAvaka kA jIvana gRhastha hote hue bhI muni jIvana kA laghu saMskaraNa hotA hai| zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata jahA~ eka ora vyakti ke dhArmika jIvana kI ora dhyAna AkarSita karate haiM vahIM dUsarI ora ve vyakti ke ucca naitika va sAmAjika jIvana ke saMcAlana meM bhI sahAyaka hote haiN| prastuta kRti ke antima sattarahaveM adhyAya meM karma siddhAnta para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi granthoM ke AdhAra para karma ke svarUpa kA varNana karane ke pazcAt bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita karma ke svarUpa ko vivecita kiyA gayA hai| pramAda va yoga ko karmabaMdha kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA hai| karma siddhAnta ke vivecana meM Izvara va karmaphala, pApakarma va puNyakarma kA prAkkathana XIX

Page #22
phala, baMdha, baMdha ke do prakAra- airyApathika baMdha va sAmparAyika baMdha, yoga, kaSAya, karma-prakRtiyA~, lezyA Adi kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anta meM kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva ko karma kA kartA mAnA gayA hai| jIva ke karma AtmakRta haiM, karmoM kA upacaya jIva svaprayatna se karatA hai svayaM hI usakI gardA, saMvara va nirjarA karatA hai| jIva ko karmoM kA kartA ke sAthasAtha karmaphala kA bhoktA bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| kRta karma bhoge binA mokSa saMbhava nahIM, isa mAnyatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra Agama vijJAna kA aisA koza hai jisameM jina-vacana kI sampUrNa jJAna rAzi kA samAveza hai| lokasvarUpa va SaDdravya vivecana meM sampUrNa dravyavijJAna samAhita hai| jJAna, pramANa, anekAntavAda, syAdvAda, nayavAda Adi viSayoM se saMbaMdhita praznottara grantha ke jJAna mImAMsIya pakSa ko prastuta karate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke vibhinna prazrottara AcAra-vicAra kI mUla bhAvanA se bhI jur3e hue haiM jo zramaNa va zrAvaka donoM kI caryA kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| Age calakara yaha cintana zrAvakAcAra va zramaNAcAra ke rUpa meM pallavita huaa| dharma-darzana kI pradhAnatA rakhane vAlA yaha grantha sAMskRtika dRSTi se bhI upayogI va samRddha hai| isameM varNita dharma, nIti, bhUgola, itihAsa, vijJAna, kalA Adi viSaya yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki bhAratIya saMskRti kA yaha caramotkarSa kAla thaa| saMkSepa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bhagavatIsUtra jaina Agama sAhitya ke itihAsa kA aisA camakatA nakSatra hai jisakI AbhA dravya-vijJAna se Arambha hokara AcAra Adi ko Alokita karatI huI vijJAna kI ora agrasara ho jAtI hai| kRtajJatA-jJApana jaba maiMne 1981 meM sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura se prAkRta meM ema. e. kiyA thA taba socA nahIM thA ki maiM isa kSetra meM Age anusaMdhAna kArya meM bhI pravRtta houuNgii| jayapura Ane ke lagabhaga 10 varSa pazcAt acAnaka pro. kamala canda jI sogANI se merA samparka huaa| unakI preraNA se prAkRta adhyayana kI ora merI ruci punaH jAgRta huii| sogANI sAhaba mujhe nirantara Age adhyayana ke lie utsAhita karate rhe| unakI satat preraNA se hI prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM merI gahana ruci banI rhii| bAda meM unhIM ke sadprayatnoM se prAkRta bhAratI ke XX bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #23
saMsthApaka zrI DI. Ara. mehatA ke mArgadarzana meM mujhe prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI meM 'prAkRta-zikSaNa' karavAne kA uttaradAyitva prApta huA, jahA~ maiM prAkRta ke graMthoM ko bhASika evaM sAhityika dRSTi se dekhane-parakhane ke kArya meM saMlagna huii| prAkRta zikSaNa kA kArya karate-karate jaina dharma va darzana ke prati merI vizeSa ruci jAgRta huii| isI bIca udayapura yAtrA ke daurAna prAkRta ke manISI vidvAna pro. prema sumana jI jaina ne mujhe yaha preraNA pradAna kI ki pIeca. DI. karane se zikSaNa kArya ko eka naI gati prApta hogii| taba maiMne zodha kArya karane ko prAthamikatA dii| zIghra hI paramapUjya gaNAdhipati AcArya tulasI evaM manISI AcArya mahAprajJa jI ke AzIrvAda se saMsthApita jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM meM bhagavatIsatra meM pratipAdita dharma-darzana jaise gahana viSaya para merA pIeca. DI. hetu paMjIyana ho gyaa| maiM ise apanA saubhAgya hI kahU~gI ki nirdezaka ke rUpa meM mujhe jaina darzana evaM prAkRta ke vidvAna pro. sogANI sAhaba kA evaM saha nirdezaka ke rUpa meM prAkRta vidvAna DaoN. harizaMkara jI pANDeya kA mArgadarzana prApta huaa| bhagavatIsUtra kI vizAlatA va gahanatA ko dekhate hue mujha ajJAnI ke lie yaha kArya bahuta hI kaThina thA, lekina pro. sogANI jI evaM pro. premasumana jI kI nirantara preraNA va unake mArgadarzana ne mujhameM jJAna kI jyoti ko Alokita kiyaa| jaba kabhI kArya kI bojhilatA se maiM AkrAnta huI unhoMne nirAzA kI dhuMdha meM prakAza kA mArga dikhaayaa| ina donoM guruvaroM ne mujhe na kevala jJAna hI diyA apitu acche AcAra se bhI saMskArita kiyaa| apane ina donoM hI guruvaroM kI kRpA ke Age merA hRdaya sadaiva natamastaka rhegaa| Izvara se merI yahI prArthanA hai ki unakI preraNA tathA mArgadarzana mere sAtha jIvanaparyanta banA rhe| prastuta kRti 'bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana' mere isI zodhaprabandha (pIeca.DI.) ke AdhAra para taiyAra kI gaI hai| mere zodha-prabandha ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karane meM prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ke saMsthApaka evaM mukhya saMrakSaka zrImAn DI.Ara.mehatA sA., saciva zrImAn bI.Ara.mehatA jI, sammAnya nidezaka mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI, prabandha sampAdaka zrI surendra botharA jI kA jo AtmIyatApUrNa protsAhana mujhe milA usake lie merA AbhAra vyakta karanA mAtra zAbdika aupacArikatA hI hogii| unakI maiM sadA hI upakRta rhuuNgii| jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~ ke pUrva kulapati DaoN0 mahAvIrarAja jI gelar3A kI maiM hRdaya se prAkkathana XXI

Page #24
upakRta hU~, jinhoMne apane amUlya sujhAvoM dvArA mere mArga ko saralIkRta kiyA tathA vaijJAnika dRSTi se adhyayana kI preraNA dii| prophesara sAgaramalajI jaina ke prati bhI vizeSa kRtajJatA vyakta karatI hU~ jinhoMne na kevala isa kRti ke prakAzana kI preraNA dI apitu isakI anumAdenA evaM anuzaMsA likhakara isakI garimA ko bar3hAyA hai| isa avasara para maiM baiMgalora nivAsI zrI tejarAjajI bAMThiyA ke prati vizeSa rUpa se dhanyavAda jJApita karatI hU~, jinhoMne mere agraja bhagavAna siMha sAmara kI preraNA se isa kRti ke prakAzana hetu anudAna rAzi pradAna kara mujhe anugRhIta kiyaa| __ bhagavatIsUtra jaise guruttara Agama graMtha kA dArzanika pariprekSya meM parizIlana prastuta karane meM jahA~ eka ora gurujana kI asIma kRpA rahI vahIM parivArajana evaM mitrajanoM kA bhI pUrNa sahayoga rhaa| yaha kArya nirbAdha rUpa se pUrA ho sakA isake lie maiM hRdaya se apanI sAsa mA~ jJAna kaMvara DAgA tathA sasurajI navaratanamala jI DAgA ke prati upakRta hU~, jinhoMne ghara ke anya uttaradAyitvoM se mujhe mukta rakhakara sadaiva adhyayana ke kSetra meM Age bar3hane kI preraNA dii| mere jIvanasAthI DaoN0 sI. esa. DAgA ne mere isa kArya ke saMvarddhana meM sArthaka yogadAna diyA ataH unake prati maiM zraddhA se natamastaka huuN| apane pitA bijaya siMha jI sAmara tathA mAtA kevala kuMvara sAmara ke upakAra kI maiM sadA RNI rhNgii| unhoMne bacapana se hI jaina dharma ke jo saMskAra mujhe pradAna kiye unhIM ke pariNAmasvarUpa maiM isa dizA meM Age bar3ha sakI huuN| isa kRti ko prastuta karane meM jina prAcIna va navIna kRtiyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA una sabhI ke lekhakoM va sampAdakoM ko maiM hRdaya se dhanyavAda detI huuN| isa kArya meM prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ke pustakAlaya kA sarvAdhika prayoga kiyA gyaa| pustakAlaya prabhArI rInA jaina, vijaya jI evaM zabanama ke sahayoga ko maiM vismRta nahIM kara sakatI huuN| isake atirikta rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM tathA sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura ke jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga ke pustakAlayoM ke prabaMdhakoM kI bhI maiM AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne yathA samaya Avazyaka pustakoM ke upayoga meM mujhe sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| isa kRti ke TaMkaNakartA vimala jI evaM sAgara jI ko maiM dhanyavAda detI hU~ jinake sahayoga se merA zodha prabaMdha isa rUpa meM prastuta ho sakA hai| XXII bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #25
isa kArya ko prastuta karane meM mUlagraMtha ke rUpa meM yuvAcArya muni madhukara dvArA sampAdita vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra (dvitIya saMskaraNa) ke bhAga 1, 2, 3, 4 kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| saMkSiptikaraNa ke uddezya se saMdarbha meM vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra ke sthAna para vyA. sU. kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| TaMkaNa kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se saMdarbha pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM kramavAra diye haiM / anta meM maiM yahI vinamra nivedana karatI hU~ ki bhagavatIsUtra jJAna kA aisA ratnAkara hai jisakI thAha pAnA mujha ajJAnI ke lie asaMbhava sA kArya hai / athaka parizrama evaM apane zodha-prabandha meM Avazyaka saMzodhana ke pazcAt ' bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana' prastuta kara rahI hU~ / yadyapi maiMne sAvadhAnIpUrvaka azuddhiyoM ke nirAkaraNa kA prayatna kiyA hai, phira bhI katipaya azuddhiyA~ raha gaI hoM to isameM merA pramAda hI doSI hai / jayapura 26-08-2012 prAkkathana DaoN0 tArA DAgA saMyojaka jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI XXIII

Page #26
viSayAnukramaNikA pR. saM. 1-25 19 26-64 65-15 66 84 vivaraNa jaina Agama evaM bhagavatIsUtra tIrthaMkara va Agama-paramparA bhagavatIsUtra va anya Agama graMtha bhagavatIsUtra : svarUpa evaM pratipAdya grantha-paricaya evaM vyAkhyAsAhitya viSayavastu bhagavatIsUtra kA mahattva loka-svarUpa evaM dravya-mImAMsA loka-svarUpa dravya jIva dravya rUpI-ajIvadravya (pudgala) arUpI-ajIvadravya jJAna-mImAMsA jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana anekAntavAda, syAvAda evaM nayavAda mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ AcAra-mImAMsA zramaNadIkSA evaM caryA zramaNAcAra zrAvakAcAra karma siddhAnta sandarbha grantha zabdAnukramaNikA 116 133 157-198 158 173 199-215 216-296 217 228 262 277 297-307 308-312

Page #27
jaina Agama . evaM bhagavatIsUtra

Page #28

Page #29
dharma va darzana mAnava jIvana kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie anivArya haiN| jaba vyakti ina samasyAoM kA gaharAI se cintana karatA hai to darzana kA janma hotA hai aura jaba usI cintana kA prayoga jIvana meM karatA hai to dharma kA janma hotA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se dharma va darzana kI utpatti kA patA lagAnA kaThina kArya hai| yaha bAta to anaMta jJAnI hI jAna sakate haiM / kintu, pratyeka dharma ke siddhAntoM va upadezoM kA pracAra kucha dhArmika puruSoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, ve hI unake pravartaka kahalAte haiN| vahIM se kisI bhI dharma kA itihAsa va paramparA kA janma hotA hai / tIrthaMkara-paramparA jaina paramparA ke anusAra kAlacakra utsarpiNI va avasarpiNI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale utsarpiNI kAla thA aba avasarpiNI kAla cala rahA hai avasarpiNI ke samApta hone para punaH utsarpiNI kAlacakra zuru hogaa| isa prakAra anAdikAla se yaha cakra cala rahA hai aura anaMtakAla taka clegaa| utsarpiNI meM sabhI bhAva unnati ko prApta hote haiM aura avasarpiNI meM hrAsa ko / isa avasarpiNI kAla meM aba taka 24 tIrthaMkara ho cuke haiN| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva haiM aura antima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra hue haiN| bhagavatIsUtra' meM isa avasarpiNI kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmoM kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai 2. ajita 4. abhinaMdana 8. zazi 12. vAsupUjya 16. zAnti 20. munisuvrata 24. vardhamAna 1. RSabha 5. sumati 9. puSpadaMta 13. vimala tIrthaMkara va Agama-paramparA 17. kunthu 21. nami 6. suprabha 10. zItala 14. ananta 3. sambhava 7. supArzva 11. zreyAMsa 15. dharma 19. malli 23. pArzva 18. ara 22. nemi jaina anuzruti ke anusAra pahale kalpakAla meM bhogabhUmi thI, yahA~ ke nivAsI apanI jIvana-yAtrA kalpa vRkSoM se calAte the| dhIre-dhIre janasaMkhyA bar3hI, sAtha hI tIrthaMkara va Agama - paramparA 3

Page #30
vyakti kI AvazyakatAe~ bhI bddh'iiN| taba karmabhUmi kA janma huaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM ina 15 karmabhUmiyoM kA ullekha huA hai- pA~ca bharata, pA~ca airAvata aura pA~ca mhaavideh| karmabhUmi ke janma ke sAtha hI 'kulakara' vyavasthA prArambha huii| isa vyavasthA meM kramazaH 14 kulakara yA manu utpanna hue, unhoMne hI bhojana banAnA, khetI karanA, jaMgalI pazuoM se rakSA ke upAya, makAna banAnA tathA samAja ke mUlabhUta anuzAsana ke lie niyama Adi sikhaae| isa avasarpiNI kAla meM hone vAle sAta kulakaroM ke ullekha bhagavatIsUtra meM isa prakAra milate haiM- (1) vimalavAhana (2) cakSuSamAna (3) yazasvAn (4) abhicandra (5) prasenajita (6) marudeva (7) naabhi| isa kulakara paramparA ke antima kulakara 'nAbhirAya' the| unakI patnI kA nAma marudevI thaa| inhIM ke putra RSabhadeva the, jo vAstavika karmabhUmi ke prAraMbhaka mAne jAte haiN| DaoN. jekobI ne bhI jaina dharma kA prAraMbha RSabhadeva se huA, isameM satya kI saMbhAvanA mAnI hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ne yajurveda' meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ke ullekha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAgavatapurANa ke pA~caveM skaMdha ke prathama chaH adhyAyoM meM RSabhadeva ke vaMza, jIvana, tapazcaraNa kA vRttAMta milatA hai tathA unakA avatAra rajoguNa se bhare hue logoM ko kaivalya kI zikSA dene ke lie huA yaha mAnA gayA hai| 22veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi kA ullekha jaina graMthoM ke sAtha-sAtha RgvedI, mahAbhArata' Adi meM pAyA jAtA hai| ariSTanemi zrIkRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| vivAha ke samaya bhoja meM dI jAne vAlI pazu bali kI ghaTanA se virakta hokara ve saMnyAsI bana gaye aura nirgrantha sAdhanA meM lIna ho gye| pArzvanAtha jaina paramparA ke 23veM tIrthaMkara the| jaina purANoM ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 250 varSa pUrva huA thaa| AcArAMga' meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA pArzva-paramparA kA pAlana karate the| pArzvanAtha ko cAturyAma dharma ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra12 va bhagavatIsUtra meM pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM va mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama ke parisaMvAda kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai| DaoN. harmana jekobI'' ne pArzva ko aitihAsika mAnA hai| DaoN0 vimalacaraNa laoN ke anusAra bhagavAn pArzva ke dharma kA pracAra bhArata ke uttaravartI kSatriyoM meM thaa| vaizAlI unakA mukhya kendra thaa| DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne pArzva-paramparA ke sthavira tathA nirgrantha zrAvakoM ke aneka ullekhoM ko svIkAra kiyA bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #31
hai, jisase nirgrantha dharma kI sattA buddha se pUrva bhalI-bhA~ti siddha ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra pArzva kI aitihAsikatA sarvasammata hai| ___ jaina paramparA ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kAla IsA pUrva 600 varSa ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai| inake pitA kA nAma siddhArtha va mAtA kA nAma trizalA thaa| 30 varSa kI avasthA meM inhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kI- tIsavAsAiM agAravAsamajhe vasittA..... (vyA.sU. 15.1.21) / lagabhaga sAr3he bAraha varSa kI kaThora tapa sAdhanA ke pazcAt 42 varSa kI avasthA meM unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| isake pazcAt 30 varSa bhagavAn mahAvIra jana-kalyANa ke lie dharmopadeza dete rhe| isa taraha jaina karmabhUmi meM RSabhadeva se prAraMbha hokara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka 24 tIrthaMkara hue, jinhoMne ahiMsA ke prakAza meM mAnavatA ke vikAsa kA mArga unmukha kiyaa| mahAvIra ke upadeza va Agama jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA samaya-samaya para AtmakalyANa ke lie upadeza diye jAte rahe haiN| sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezoM meM prAyaH sAmyatA hotI hai, ekarUpatA hotI hai, isalie AptavANI ko anAdi va anaMta kahA gayA hai kintu antima tIrthaMkara ke upadezoM ko hI Agama ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara jaina saMgha kI zAsana vyavasthA calatI hai| isa dRSTi se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI upadezavANI ko hI AgamoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| spaSTa hai ki vartamAna meM jo zruta upalabdha haiM,vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa haiN| unhoMne jo kucha bhI apane zrI mukha se kahA vaha gaNadharoM dvArA graMtha ke rUpa meM gUMthA gyaa| arthAgama tIrthaMkaroM kA hotA hai aura graMtha ke rUpa meM zabda zarIra kI racanA gaNadhara karate haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra kevalajJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt hI tIrthaMkara dharmadezanA dete haiN| yaha dezanA dina meM tIna yA cAra bAra hotI hai| pratyeka dezanA meM tattvajJAna, kathAnuyoga, dravyaviSayaka carcA, AcAra-vyavahAra Adi sabhI viSayoM kA vivecana hotA hai| kuzala gaNadharoM dvArA hI unheM dvAdazAMga meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai; yathA- caritra viSayaka-vArtAeM AcArAMga meM, kathAMza jJAtAdharmakathA va upAsakadazAMga Adi meM, praznottara vyAkhyAprajJapti, prazravyAkaraNa Adi meN|17 Agama kI paribhASA va svarUpa __ Agama zabda kI vyutpati 'A' upasarga aura 'gam' dhAtu se huI hai| 'A' upasarga kA artha samantAt arthAt pUrNa hai aura 'gama' dhAtu kA artha gati prApti hai|18 pAiasadda-mahaNNavo' meM Agama kA artha zAstra yA siddhAMta kiyA gayA hai| yaha va Agama-paramparA 5

Page #32
kA zAbdika artha huA / zAstrIya dRSTikoNa se Agama zabda kA prayoga ra se milatA hai| AcArAMga 20 meM Agama zabda kA prayoga jAnane yA jJAna ke atha huA hai / bhagavatIsUtra 21 meM pramANa ke cAra bhedoM meM cauthA bheda ' Agama' svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ Agama zabda kA prayoga pramANa- jJAna ke artha meM huA hai| samaya-samaya para AcAryoM ne Agama kI bhinna-bhinna paribhASAe~ dI haiM / Agama kI sarvAdhika lokapriya paribhASA aneka graMthoM meM prApta hotI hai, vaha hai, 'Apta vacana se utpanna arthajJAna Agama hai / upacAra se Apta vacana bhI Agama mAnA jAtA hai / ' nyAyasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- Aptopadeza : zabda (1.1.7) Apta kA kathana Agama hai / jinhoMne rAga-dveSa ko jIta liyA hai, ve tIrthaMkara, sarvajJa, jina vItarAga bhagavAn hI Apta haiM tathA unake upadeza yA unakI vANI Agama kahalAtI hai 1 tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se Agama kI nimna paribhASAe~ bhI dRSTavya haiM 22(ka) jisase padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai| (kha) jisase padArthoM kA paripUrNatA ke sAtha maryAdita jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai / (ga) jisase vastutattva kA paripUrNa jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai| (gha) jo tattva AcAra paramparA se vAsita hokara AtA hai, vaha Agama hai I (Ga) jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai, vaha zAstra Agama yA zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai / uparyukta paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para Agama kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM Agama graMtha sAkSAta tIrthaMkara ke kathana ke samAna mAne gaye haiM, cAhe ve gaNadhara kRta hoM yA zrutakevalI sthavira kRta hoN| donoM meM hI padArtha ke rahasya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| niryuktikAra bhadrabAhu 23 kahate haiM ki 'tapa, niyama tathA jJAna rUpI vRkSa ke Upara ArUr3ha hokara anaMtajJAnI 'kevalI' bhagavAn bhavyAtmAoM ke vibodha ke lie jJAna - kusumoM kI vRSTi karate haiM / gaNadhara apane buddhi - -paTa meM una sakala kusumoM ko jhelakara pravacana mAlA gUMthate haiM / arthAt tIrthaMkara kevala artharUpa meM upadeza dete haiM, gaNadhara use graMthabaddha yA sUtrabaddha karate haiM / naMdIsUtra 24 meM jainAgamoM ko tIrthaMkara praNIta kahA gayA hai| - isa prakAra tIrthaMkara, jina athavA vItarAga bhagavAn ke upadeza gaNadharoM dvArA sUtrabaddha hokara Agama rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / jaina anuzruti ke anusAra gaNadhara ke samAna hI anya pratyeka buddha nirUpita Agama bhI pramANa haiM / 25 bRhatkalpabhASya" meM bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 6

Page #33
I kahA hai ki jisa bAta ko tIrthaMkara ne kahA hai usa bAta ko zrutakevalI. sakatA hai| gaNadhara kevala dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karate haiM / aMga bAhya A racanA sthavira karate haiM / yahA~ kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki jaina paramparA meM kI prAmANikatA kevala gaNadhara athavA sthavirakRta hone se hI nahIM hai apitu unake artharUpa meM prarUpaka tIrthaMkara kI vItarAgatA evaM sarvajJatA se hai| Agama ke paryAya 1 jaina paramparA meM prAcInakAla meM guru ke zrI mukha se hI ziSya jJAna prApta karate the / phira yaha paramparA unake ziSya-praziSyoM taka calatI thI / ataH prAcIna kAla meM Agama zabda ke lie ' zruta' zabda kA prayoga hI huA hai, jisakA artha hai sunA huA / naMdIsUtra 27 meM Agama ke lie 'zruta' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / sthAnAMga 28 meM AgamajJAtAoM ke lie' zrutakevalI' va' zrutasthavira' saMjJA milatI hai / anuyogadvAra 29 va vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM Agama ke lie sUtra, graMtha, siddhAMta, zAsana, pravacana, AjJA, upadeza, prajJApanA Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne apane graMtha tattvArthabhASya'" meM zruta, Aptakathana Agama, upadeza, aitihya, AmnAya, pravacana, jinavacana Adi zabdoM ko Agama kahA hai / bhagavatIsUtra 2 meM Agama ke lie 'pravacana' zabda kA prayoga karate hue kahA gayA hai ki arihaMta pravacanI hai aura dvAdazAMga pravacana hai| Avazyakaniryukti meM bhI pravacana zabda kA prayoga Agama ke lie huA hai / pUrva sAhitya I jainAgamoM kA prAcInatama vargIkaraNa 'samavAyAMga 34 meM prApta hotA hai / vahA~ sAhitya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai- pUrva va aMga / pUrva kI saMkhyA caudaha tathA aMga kI saMkhyA bAraha batAI gaI hai / 'pUrva zruta' jaina Agama sAhitya kI anupama jJAna nidhi hai / koI bhI aisA viSaya nahIM jisakI carcA inameM na kI gaI ho / pUrva - sAhitya ke racanAkAla ko lekara vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| AcArya abhayadevasUri Adi ke matAnusAra dvAdazAMgI se pahale pUrva zruta nirmita kiyA gayA thA / ataH usakA nAma pUrva par3A 35 kucha ciMtakoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki pUrva graMtha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI zruta paramparA se sambandhita haiM, ataH zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrvavartI hone ke kAraNa ina graMthoM kA nAma pUrva par3A 16 ukta vivecana se yaha to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki pUrvoM kI racanA dvAdazAMgavANI se pahale kI gaI hai| lekina vartamAna samaya meM pUrva dvAdazAMgI se pRthak nahIM mAne tIrthaMkara va Agama - paramparA 7

Page #34
jAte haiN| dvAdazAMga meM dRSTivAda bArahavAM aMga thaa| usakA eka vibhAga pUrvagata hai| caudaha pUrva isI pUrvagata ke antargata haiN| ina caudaha pUrvo meM bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva kI aneka vicAradhArAoM, mata-matAntaroM tathA jJAna-vijJAna kA saMkalana unake ziSya gaNadharoM dvArA kiyA gayA thaa| ___naMdIsUtra" meM caudaha pUrvo ke nAma isa prakAra diye gaye haiM1. utpAdapUrva 2. agrAyaNIyapUrva 3. vIryapravAdapUrva 4. asti-nAsti-pravAdapUrva 5. jJAnapravAdapUrva 6. satyapravAdapUrva 7. AtmapravAdapUrva 8. karmapravAdapUrva 9. pratyAkhyAnapUrva 10. vidyAnupravAdapUrva 11. abandhyapUrva 12. prANAyupravAdapUrva 13. kriyAvizAlapUrva 14. lokabindusArapUrva jaina paramparA ke anusAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama pUrvagata artha kA nirUpaNa kiyA thA aura use hI gautama prabhRti gaNadharoM ne pUrvazruta ke rUpa meM nirmita kiyA thaa| kintu, pUrvagata zruta atyaMta kliSTa aura gahana thA, use sAdhAraNa adhyetA samajha nahIM sakatA thA, isalie alpamedhAvI vyaktiyoM ke lie AcArAMga Adi anya aMgoM kI racanA kii| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa8 ne likhA hai- 'dRSTivAda meM samasta zabdajJAna kA avatAra ho jAtA hai, tathApi gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA alpa medhAvI puruSoM aura mahilAoM ke lie kI gaI hai|' jo zramaNa prabala pratibhA ke dhanI hote the, ve pUrvo kA adhyayana karate the aura jinameM pratibhA kI tejasvitA nahIM hotI thI, ve gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana karate the| Agama sAhitya meM pUrvo kA adhyayana karane vAle tathA gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana karane vAle donoM hI prakAra ke sAdhakoM kA varNana milatA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki jaba taka AcArAMga Adi graMthoM kI racanA nahIM huI usase pahale race gaye caturdazazAstra caudaha pUrva ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| phira pUrva jJAna ke AdhAra para dvAdazAMgI kI racanA huii| lekina phira bhI pUrvajJAna ko chor3a denA saMbhavataH AcAryoM ko ThIka pratIta nahIM huA ataH bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda meM usa jJAna ko sanniviSTa kara diyA gyaa| dRSTivAda pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai 1. parikarma, 2. sUtra, 3. pUrvAnuyoga, 4. pUrva, 5. cUlikA cauthe vibhAga 'pUrva' meM 'caudaha pUrva' ke jJAna kA samAveza hai| isa dRSTi se jo caturdazapUrvI hote haiM ve dvAdazAMgI ke jJAtA bhI hote haiN| isa prakAra aMga sAhitya kI racanA ke bAda caudaha pUrvo ko bArahaveM aMga 'dRSTivAda' kA nAma de diyA gyaa| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #35
kintu, durbhAgyavaza yaha pUrva sAhitya surakSita nahIM rhaa| samasta pUrva ke antimajJAtA zruta kevalI bhadrabAhu the| inake bAda isa sAhitya kA viccheda prAraMbha ho gyaa| Agama viccheda krama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda AgamoM kA kramazaH viccheda honA prAraMbha ho gyaa| isa sambandha meM do mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiN| naMdIcUrNi ke anusAra zrutadhAraka hI lupta hone lge| dhavalA va jayadhavalA" ke anusAra zrutadhAraka ke lupta ho jAne se zruta vilupta ho gyaa| vastutaH mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda AgamoM kI maukhika paramparA hI calatI rahI, kintu dhIre-dhIre yogya ziSyoM ke abhAva meM tathA aneka prAkRtika ApadAoM ke kAraNa dharmazAstroM kA svAdhyAya karanA kaThina kArya ho gyaa| zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ isa bAta ko eka mata se svIkAra karatI haiM ki aMtima zrutakevalI 'bhadrabAhu svAmI' the, jo caturdazapUrva ke jJAtA the| inake samaya meM bhayaMkara akAla par3A tathA jaina mata bhI zvetAmbara va digambara do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| isake sAtha hI AgamoM kA viccheda krama prAraMbha ho gyaa| zvetAmbara paramparA vIranirvANa ke 170 varSa bAda tathA digambara paramparA vIranirvANa ke 162 varSa bAda bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa kAla mAnatI hai| inhIM ke svargavAsa ke bAda caturdazapUrvadhara kA lopa ho gyaa| kevala dazapUrvadhara raha gye| dazapUrvadhara kI paramparA sthUlabhadra se AcArya vrajasvAmI taka clii| ve vIranirvANa saMvat 551 meM svarga sidhaare| isake sAtha hI dazapUrvadhara bhI naSTa ho gye| mAlavaNiyAjI ne apanI pustaka meM yaha mAnA hai ki AcArya vrajasena kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa ke 584 varSa bAda huA aura tabhI se dasapUrta kA viccheda ho gyaa| digambara paramparA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki antima dasapUrvo ke jJAtA dharasena hue haiM tathA vIra nirvANa ke 245 varSa bAda unakA viccheda ho gyaa| spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM caturdazapUrvadhara va dazapUrvadhara donoM kA hI vicchedakrama zvetAmbara paramparA se pahale hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| Agama vAcanAe~ ___bhagavAn mahAvIra ne artharUpa meM jo upadeza diye, gaNadharoM ne unheM sUtrarUpa meM gUMthA aura isa taraha jaina vAGmaya kI paramparA kA prAraMbha huaa| yaha jJAnarAzi maukhika rUpa se guru paramparA se ziSyoM ko prApta hotI rahI lekina dhIre-dhIre samaya, kAla va paristhitiyoM ke anusAra inheM yAda karanA kaThina ho gayA aura AgamoM kA vicchedakrama prAraMbha ho gyaa| unheM surakSita rakhane ke lie samaya-samaya para zramaNoM tIrthaMkara va Agama-paramparA

Page #36
dvArA vibhinna sammelana bulAye gaye tathA unheM likhita rUpa pradAna kiyA gyaa| Aja jo Agama graMtha hameM upalabdha haiM, ve inhIM vAcanAoM kA pariNAma haiN| prathama vAcanA- vIra nirvANa ke 160 varSoM bAda pATaliputra meM dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa duSkAla par3A jisake kAraNa zramaNa saMgha chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| bahuzrutadhara aneka zramaNa kAla ko prApta ho gye| aisI sthiti meM jaina saMgha ko apane sAhitya kI cintA huI aura akAla kI samApti ke pazcAt zramaNasaMgha sthUlabhadra ke netRtva meM pATaliputra meM ekatrita huaa| vahAM para smRti dvArA ekAdaza aMgoM ko vyavasthita kiyA gyaa| bArahavAM aMga dRSTivAda kisI ko bhI smaraNa nahIM thA ataH usakA saMgraha nahIM kiyA jA skaa| bAda meM bhadrabAhu dvArA sthUlabhadra ko dasapUrvo kI artha sahita tathA zeSa cAra pUrvo kI zabdarUpa vAcanA dI gii| dvitIya vAcanA- Agama saMkalana kA dUsarA prayAsa IsA pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI arthAt vIra nirvANa ke 300-330 varSa ke madhya rAjA khAravela ke samaya meM huaa|smraatt khAravela jaina-dharma ke param upAsaka the| unake hAthIgumphA' abhilekha se spaSTa hai ki unhoMne ur3IsA ke kumArI parvata para jaina muniyoM kA eka saMgha bulAyA aura mauryakAla meM jo aMga vismRta ho gaye the, unakA punaH uddhAra krvaayaa| 'himavaMta therAvalI' nAmaka prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita paTTAvalI meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki mahArAja khAravela ne pravacana kA uddhAra karavAyA thaa| tRtIya vAcanA- AgamoM ko saMkalita karane kI tIsarI vAcanA vIranirvANa ke 827-840 varSa bAda arthAt tIsarI zatAbdI meM skandila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM huii| yaha sammelana mathurA meM hone ke kAraNa mAthurIvAcanA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isa samaya bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3A, jisake kAraNa zruta tathA zrutavettA donoM hI naSTa ho gye| durbhikSa kI samApti para yuga-pradhAna AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM Agama vettA muni ikaTThe hue, jinheM jaisA smaraNa thA usa AdhAra para zruta saMkalana kiyA gyaa| usa samaya AcArya skandila hI eka mAtra anuyogadhara the| unhoMne upasthita zramaNoM ko anuyoga kI vAcanA dii| isa dRSTi se sampUrNa anuyoga skandila sambandhI mAnA gayA, aura yaha vAcanA skandila vAcanA ke nAma se jAnI gii| ____ caturtha vAcanA- mAthurIvAcanA ke samaya ke Asa-pAsa hI vallabhI meM nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM dakSiNa-pazcima meM vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kI eka vAcanA huI, jisakA uddezya vismRta zruta ko vyavasthita karanA thaa| upasthita 10 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #37
muniyoM kI smRti ke AdhAra para jitanA upalabdha ho sakA sArA vAGmaya suvyavasthita kiyA gayA / nAgArjuna sUri ne samAgata sAdhuoM ko vAcanA dI ataH yaha nAgArjunIya vAcanA ke nAma se prasiddha huI / cUrNiyoM meM nAgArjuna nAma se pAThAntara milate haiM 'paNNavaNA' jaise aMgabAhya sUtroM meM bhI inakA nirdeza hai / " 1 paMcama vAcanA - vIra nirvANa ke 980 varSoM bAda jaba vizAla jJAna rAzi ko smRta rakhanA muzkila ho gayA tathA zruta sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga naSTa ho cukA thA taba vIra nirvANa ke 980 se 993 ke bIca devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM zramaNasaMgha punaH vallabhI meM ekatrita huA / smRti meM zeSa sabhI AgamoM ko saMkalita kara pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA / pustakArUr3ha karane kA yaha prathama prayAsa thaa| isameM mathurA va vallabhI meM huI vAcanA kA samanvayakara usameM ekarUpatA lAne kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| jahA~ matabheda thA vahA~ mAthurI vAcanA ko mUla meM sthAna dekara vallabhI vAcanA ke pAThoM ko pAThAntara meM sthAna de diyA gayA / yaha AgamoM kI antima vAcanA thii| isake bAda AgamoM kI sarvamAnya koI vAcanA nahIM huI / devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke bAda koI bhI pUrvadhara AcArya nahIM hue / Agama lekhana jaina paramparA kA virATa sAhitya caudaha pUrvoM va bAraha aMgoM meM saMcita thA / kintu, yaha sAhitya lipibaddha nahIM thA / isakA kAraNa yaha to kadApi nahIM ho sakatA ki jainAcAryoM ko lekhana-paramparA kA jJAna nahIM thA, kyoMki lipi kA prAraMbha jaina paramparA meM prAgaitihAsika kAla meM hI mAnA gayA hai / Agama graMthoM meM bhI isakA ullekha hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM maMgalAcaraNa meM brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hainamo baMbhIe livIe - (1.1.1 ) / prajJApanAsUtra meM aThAraha lipiyoM kA ullekha AyA hai| jainAcAryoM ne Agama graMthoM ko likhA nahIM parantu unheM lekhana - paramparA kA jJAna avazya thaa| Agama-yuga meM lekhana kI jagaha smaraNa para hI jora dene ke kucha pramukha kAraNa rahe hoNge| yathA (ka) likhane meM syAhI, kAgaja, kalama kI AvazyakatA se aparigraha vrata bhaMga hone kI saMbhAvanA thI / kha) likhane meM adhika samaya lagatA thA / (ga) likhe hue graMthoM kI sAra saMbhAla muzkila kArya thA / (gha) isase sAdhakoM ke svAdhyAya meM bhI bAdhA par3atI thI / (Ga) pustakoM ko eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para le jAne se vajana bar3hatA thA / tIrthaMkara va Agama- paramparA 11

Page #38
saMbhavataH inhIM kAraNoM se lekhana kA jJAna hote hue bhI Agama-yuga meM lekhana kArya nahIM kiyA gyaa| vIra nirvANa saMvat 827-840 meM mathurA tathA vallabhI meM jo sammelana hue, unameM ekAdaza aMgoM ko vyavasthita kiyA gyaa| usa samaya AryarakSita ne anuyogadvAra-sUtra kI racanA kii| usameM dravyazruta ke lie pattaya potthayalihiya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isase pUrva Agama likhane kA pramANa nahIM milatA hai| isase yaha patA calatA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI 9vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM AgamoM ke lekhana kI paramparA calI, parantu AgamoM ko lipibaddha karane kA spaSTa saMketa devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya se milatA hai| isa prakAra Agama lekhana yuga kA prAraMbha hama IsA kI 5vIM zatI mAna sakate haiN| AgamoM kI bhASA jainAgamoM kI mUla bhASA ardhamAgadhI hai| yaha devavANI mAnI gaI hai| bhagavatIsatra meM gautama dvArA yaha prazna karane para ki deva kisa bhASA meM bolate haiM? mahAvIra dvArA uttara diyA gayA, deva ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM bolate haiM tathA sabhI bhASAoM meM ardhamAgadhI bhASA zreSTha va viziSTa hai|' samavAyAMga va aupapAtikasUtra ke anusAra bhI tIrthaMkara ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza dete haiN| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue dazavaikAlikavRtti meM AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki cAritra kI sAdhanA-ArAdhanA karane ke icchuka maMda buddhi strI-puruSoM para anugraha karane ke lie sarvajJa bhagavAn AgamoM kA upadeza prAkRta meM dete haiN| prajJApanAsUtra meM isa bhASA ko bolane vAle ko bhASArya kahA hai| magadha ke ardhabhAga meM bolI jAne ke kAraNa tathA mAgadhI va dezaja zabdoM ke sammizraNa ke kAraNa yaha ardhamAgadhI kahalAtI hai| AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa vibhinna jaina paramparAoM meM AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa bhinna-bhinna prApta hotA hai| (ka) samavAyAMgasUtra meM pUrvo kI saMkhyA caudaha va aMgoM kI saMkhyA bAraha batAI gaI hai| (kha) AgamoM kA dUsarA vargIkaraNa devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya kA hai| unhoMne __ AgamoM ko aMga praviSTa va aMga bAhya ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai|2| aMga praviSTa- aMga praviSTa vaha hai jo gaNadhara ke dvArA prazna karane para tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita, gaNadharoM dvArA sUtra rUpa se banAyA huA ho tathA dhruva va acala ho| yahI kAraNa hai ki samavAyAMga va naMdIsUtra54 meM dvAdazAMga ko dhruva, niyata, zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita va nitya kahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #39
aMga bAhya- aMga bAhya binA prazna kiye tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai va sthavirakRta hotA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra aura anuyogadvArasUtra meM to kevala dvAdazAMgI kA hI nirUpaNa hai, kintu naMdIsUtra meM aMgapraviSTa ke sAtha aMgabAhya ke bhedoM kA vistAra kiyA gayA (ga) anuyoga - anuyogoM kI dRSTi se AryarakSita ne sabhI Agama graMthoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai1. caraNakaraNAnuyoga - kAlikazruta, mahAkalpa, chedazruta Adi 2. dharmakathAnuyoga - RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana aadi| 3. gaNitAnuyoga sUryaprajJapti Adi 4. dravyAnuyoga - dRSTivAda Adi digambara paramparA AgamoM kA lopa mAnatI hai| ataH digambara sAhitya meM ina cAra anuyogoM kA varNana kucha rUpAntara se milatA hai| 1. prathamAnuyoga - mahApurANa va anya purANa 2. karaNAnuyoga - trilokaprajJapti, trilokasAra Adi 3. caraNAnuyoga - mUlAcAra Adi 4. dravyAnuyoga - pravacanasAra, gommaTasAra Adi (gha) AgamoM kA sabase uttaravartI vargIkaraNa aMga, upAMga, mUla va cheda ke rUpa meM prabhAvakacarita' meM milatA hai| yaha vi. saMvat 1334 kI racanA hai| isI vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para Agama sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| vabhinna jaina-sampradAyoM meM mAnya Agama vartamAna meM jaina dharma ke pramukha cAra sampradAya haiM- zvetArambaramUrtipUjaka, pAnakavAsI, terApantha evaM digmbr| zvetAmbaramUrtipUjaka sampradAya meM 45 Agama nya haiN| sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMtha sampradAya 32 AgamoM ko mAnyatA dete haiN| dagambara sampradAya ke anusAra pUrvadhara AcAryoM dvArA racita SaTakhaNDAgama, kaSAyapAhur3a Adi graMtha hI Agama haiN| ina sabhI sampradAyoM meM mAnya Agama graMthoM kA ullekha vibhinna AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne apane graMthoM meM kiyA hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya meM mAnya 45 Agama isa sampradAya meM sammilita kharataragaccha, tapAgaccha Adi sabhI upasampradAyoM meM 45 Agama mAnya haiN| ina 45 AgamoM meM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 10 prakIrNaka, 6 tIrthaMkara va Agama-paramparA 13

Page #40
chedasUtra, 4 mUlasUtra evaM 2 cUlikA sUtroM kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| inake hindI evaM prAkRta bhASA ke nAma nIce die jA rahe haiN| koSThakavartI nAma prAkRtabhASA meM haiN| 11 aMga 1. AcArAMga (AyAro) 2. sUtrakRtAMga (sUyagaDo) 3. sthAnAMga (ThANaM) 4. samavAyAMga (samavAo) 5. bhagavatI/vyAkhyAprajJapti 6. jJAtAdharmakathA ___(bhagavaI/viyAhapaNNattI) (NAyAdhammakahAo) 7. upAsakadazA (uvAsagadasAo) 8. antakRddazA (aMtagaDadasAo) 9. anuttaraupapAtikadazA (anuttarovavAiyadasAo) 10. praznavyAkaraNa (paNhAvAgaraNAiM) 11. vipAkasUtra (vivaagsuyN)| noTa-dRSTivAda nAmaka 12vA~ aMga upalabdha nahIM hai| isakA ullekha nandIsUtra, samavAyAMga evaM sthAnAMgasUtra meM milatA hai| 12 upAMga 1. aupapAtika (uvavAiyaM) 2. rAjapraznIya (rAyapaseNaiyaM) 3. jIvAjIvAbhigama (jIvAjIvAbhigamo) 4. prajJApanA (paNNavaNA) 5. jambUdvIpaprajJapti (jambuddIvapaNNattI) 6. candraprajJapti (caMdapaNNattI) 7. sUryaprajJapti (sUrapaNNattI) 8. nirayAvalikA (nirayAvaliyA) 9. kalpAvataMsikA (kappavaDaMsiyA) 10. puSpikA (puphiyA) 11. puSpacUlikA (pupphacUlA) 12. vRSNidazA (vaNhidasA) 10 prakIrNaka 1. catuHzaraNa (causaraNaM) 2. AturapratyAkhyAna (AupaccakkhApaM) 3. bhaktaparijJA (bhattapariNNA) 4. saMstAraka (saMthArao) 5. taMdulavaicArika (taMDulaveyAliyaM) 6. candravedhyaka (caMdAvejjhayaM) 7. devendrastava (deviMdatthao) 8. gaNividyA (gaNivijjA) 9. mahApratyAkhyAna (mahApaccakkhANaM) 10. vIrastava (vIratthao) noTa-kahIM kahIM para vIrastava ke sthAna para isa gaNanA meM maraNasamAhi kA nAma liyA jAtA hai| 6 chedasUtra 1. dazAzrutaskandha (AyAradasAo) 2. bRhatkalpa (kappo) 3. vyavahAra (vavahAro) 4. nizIthasUtra (nisIhaM) 5. mahAnizItha (mahAnisIhaM) 6. jItakalpa (jIyakappo) 14 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #41
noTa-'kalpasUtra' 'bRhatkalpasUtra' se bhinna grantha hai / kalpasUtra dazAzrutaskandha kA hI eka bhAga hai, jo dazAzrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyayana se vikasita huA hai| 4 mUlasUtra mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA evaM nAmoM ke saMbaMdha meM zvetAmbara - mUrtipUjaka sampradAya meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| prAya: nimnAMkita 4 mUlasUtra mAne jAte haiM1. uttarAdhyayana (uttarajjhayaNAI) 3. Avazyaka ( AvassayaM) 2. dazavaikAlika (dasaveyAliyaM) 4. piNDaniyukti - oghaniryukti (piMDaNijjuttI-ohaNijjuttI) noTa- kucha AcArya 'piNDaniryukti-oghaniryukti' ina donoM sUtroM ko alaga alaga bhI mAnate haiM / 2 cUlikA 1. nandIsUtra (naMdisuttaM) 2. anuyogadvAra (aNuogaddArAiM ) sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMtha sampradAyoM dvArA mAnya 32 Agama ina donoM sampradAyoM meM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUlasUtra, 4 chedasUtra evaM 1 AvazyakasUtra milAkara 32 Agama svIkRta haiN| 11 aMga zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka dvArA mAnya sabhI aMga sUtra / 12 upAMga zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka dvArA mAnya sabhI upAMga sUtra / 4 mUlasUtra 1. uttarAdhyayana ( uttarajjhayaNAI) 3. nandIsUtra (naMdisuttaM) 4 chedasUtra 1. dazAzrutaskandha (AyAradasAo) 3. vyavahAra (vavahAro) digambara sampradAya meM mAnya Agama 2. dazavaikAlika (dasaveyAliyaM) 4. anuyogadvAra (aNuogaddArAI ) battIsavA~ sUtra AvazyakasUtra (AvassayaM) 2. bRhatkalpa (kappo) 4. nizIthasUtra ( nisIhaM) tIrthaMkara va Agama-paramparA digambara sampradAya dvArA mAnya harivaMzapurANa evaM dhavalATIkA meM 12 aMgoM evaM 14 aMgabAhyoM kA ullekha hai / aMgabAhyoM meM sarvaprathama sAmAyika Adi chaH AvazyakoM kA ullekha hai, tatpazcAt dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra, 15

Page #42
kalpikAkalpika; mahAkalpa, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka evaM nizItha kA ullekha hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra uparyukta 12 aMgoM evaM 14 aMgabAhyoM kA lopa ho gayA hai| isalie digambara jaina sampradAya pUrvadhara AcAryoM evaM paravartI AcAryoM dvArA racita jina granthoM ko Agama kI zreNI meM rakhate haiM, unameM se pramukha nAma nimna haiM1. SaTkhaNDAgama (chakkhaMDAgamo) 2. kaSAyaprAbhRta (kasAyapAhuDaM) 3. AcArya kundakunda ke grantha - samayasAra (samayasAro), pravacanasAra (pavayaNasAro), paMcAstikAya (paMcatthikAyo), niyamasAra (niyamasAro), aSTapAhuDa (aTThapAhuDaM) Adi 4. trilokaprajJapti (tiloyapaNNattI) 5. bhagavatI ArAdhanA (bhagavadI ArAdhaNA) 6. mUlAcAra (mUlAyAro) 7. anya grantha - gommaTasAra, kSapaNasAra, lokavibhAga aadi| ye sabhI Agama zreNI ke digambara grantha zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha haiM, jinakI racanA vibhinna AcAryoM ke dvArA huI hai| saMdarbha dozI, becaradAsa-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga-1), pRSTha 10 vyA. sU., zataka 20 uddezaka 8, sUtra 7 (20.8.7) noTa- vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra dvitIya saMskaraNa (bhAga 1, 2, 3, 4) sampA. muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, sarvatra vyA.sU. rUpa meM saMdarbha kiyA gayA hai tathA zataka, uddezaka evaM sUtra ko saMkSepa meM saMkhyA dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA hai| vyA. sU. 20.8.1 vahI, 5.5.5-6 zAstrI, kailAza candra-jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (pUrva pIThikA), pRSTha-5 bhAratIya darzana (bhAga-1) pR. 233 jaina, hIrAlAla, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR. 11-12 uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 22 Rgveda, 1.89.6 mahAbhArata, harivaMza (parva-1)- adhyAya 34, padya 15-16, gItA presa, gorakhapura AcArAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 2.15.745, pR. 376 uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 23 vyA. sU., 1.9.21-23, 32.9 14. zAstrI, kailAza candra-jaina dharma, pR. 2 la #i oo oPF bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIla

Page #43
bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR. 21 dozI, becaradAsa-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga-1), prastAvanA, pR. 19 jaina, mahendra kumAra-jaina darzana, pR. 8 zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 5 pAia saddamahaNNavo (saM.) dAsa, paM. haragovinda, pR. 106 AcArAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.5.4.164, pR. 172 vyA. sU., 5.4.26 zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 5 Avazyaka niyukti, sampA. A. vijayaprema surIzvara, gA. 89, 90, 92, pR. 17 naMdIsUtra sampA. muni madhukara, 76, pR. 152 mUlAcAra, sampA. zAstrI kailAza candra, paMcAcArAdhikAra, 277, pR. 234 bRhatakalpabhASya, gA. 132 naMdIsUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, 76 pR. 152 sthAnAMgasUtra, 150 anuyogadvArasUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, zruta nirUpaNa, 4 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 894 'sUtra, zruta-matipUrvadvayaneka-dvAdazabhedam'-tattvArthabhASya, 1.22 'pavayaNaM puNa duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage'- vyA. sU. 20.8.15 Avazyakaniyukti, gA., 90, pR. 117 (ka) 'caudasa puvvA paNNattA taM jahA'-samavAyAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 93, pR. 40 (kha) 'duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage paNNattA taM jahA'-vahI, 511, pR. 171 (ka) samavAyAMgavRtti-patra, 101 (kha) sthAnAMgavRtti, 10.1 (ka) nandI-malayagiri, pR. 240 (kha) SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA), vIrasena, pu. 1, pR. 114 nandIsUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, 106, pR. 197 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 551 jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 10 nandIcUrNi, pR. 8 (ka) dhavalA, pR. 65 (kha) jayadhavalA, pR. 83 jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 39 Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 16 upAsakadazAMgasUtra, sampA. muni, AtmArAma, prastAvanA pR. 9 zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 36 45. tIrthaMkara va Agama-paramparA 17

Page #44
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 18 mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha - jaina darzana kA AdikAla, pR. 7 anuyogadvAra, sampA. muni madhukara, zrutanirUpaNa, 39, pR. 33 'goyamA ! devA NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe bhAsaMti' - vyA. sU., 5.4.24 'bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsA dhammamAikkhai' - samavAyAMga, muni madhukara, 219 pR. 100 aupapAtikasUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, 56 pR. 109 'bhAsAriyA jeNa ahamAgahIe bhAsAe bhAsaMti' - prajJApanA, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.107, pR. 98 'ahavA taM samAsao duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahA aMgapaviTTaM aMgabAhiraM ca'- naMdIsUtra, muni, 4 madhukara, pR. 160 samavAyAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 573, pR. 197 nandIsUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, 114 pR. 204 vahI, 82 pR. 165 jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 17-18 prabhAvakacarita, sampA. muni, jinavijaya, dUsarA AryarakSita prabaMdha, 241, pR. 17 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #45
bhagavatIsUtra va anya Agama graMtha bhagavatIsUtra va AcArAMga ___ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke prathama graMtha AcArAMga ko aMgoM kA sAra kahA hai| isameM zramaNoM ke AcAra va jIvanacaryA para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM bhogoM ke prati Asakti, usake nimitta hone vAle AraMbha-sAraMbha ke parityAga, mamatvabhAva tathA viSaya-kaSAya ko chor3akara anAsakta jIvana jIne kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| anagAra kA lakSaNa kapaTa rahita batAyA gayA hai| kAmabhogoM meM giddha va Asakta vyakti ke lie kahA gayA hai ki vaha bArabAra isa saMsAra meM cakkara kATatA hai| AcArAMga me zramaNoM kI bhikSAvRtti Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhikSuoM ke zuddha AhAra kI eSaNA kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki anagAra AdhAkarmAdi doSa-yukta AhAra kA parivarjana kara nirdoSa AhAra ke lie bhikSAcarI kreN| AcArAMga cUlA kA prathama 'piNDaiSaNA' nAmaka adhyayana bhikSu va bhikSuNiyoM ko AhAra-zuddhi kA jJAna karAtA hai| zuddha-AhAra ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki prAsuka va eSaNIya-AhAra kA sevana karane vAlA zramaNa saMsAra ko pAra kara jAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra AcArAMga kI taraha pUrNarUpa se zramaNoM ke AcAra-vyavahAra ko pratipAdita karane vAlA graMtha to nahIM hai, kintu isameM zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra para yatra-tatra carcA avazya milatI hai| alpa-icchA, amUrchA, anAsakti, apratibaddhatA, akrodha, amAna, amAyA va alobha ko zramaNoM ke lie prazasta batAyA hai| saMvRta va asaMvRta anagAra ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki rAgadveSa se grasita anagAra tIvra karmabandhana karatA hai aura bAra-bAra isa saMsAra me paribhramaNa karatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM aMgAra doSa, dhUma doSa va saMyojanA doSa se yukta tathA ina doSoM se vimukta AhAra kA vivecana hai| sAdhu ko usI taraha AhAra karanA cAhiye jisa taraha sarpa bila meM (sIdhA) praveza karatA hai| AcArAMga kI taraha bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI yaha pratipAdita hai ki prAsuka va eSaNIya AhAra kA sevana karane vAlA zramaNa saMsAra ko pAra kara jAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra va anya Agama graMtha 19

Page #46
AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana meM pRthvIkAyika Adi sthAvara jIvoM meM cetanA zakti kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki unheM sukha-duHkha Adi vedanA kI anubhUti hotI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI sthAvara jIvoM ke AhAra, zvAsa, vedanA Adi kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| muktAtmA kA svarUpa batAte hue AcArAMga' meM use parijJa, saMjJa, anupameya, zarIra-rahita va apadasta kahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM siddhasvarUpa ko dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra va sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakRtAMga eka dArzanika graMtha hai, jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya pracalita vibhinna dArzanika matoM kA vizleSaNa hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke 12veM 'samavasaraNa' nAmaka adhyayana meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, vinayavAdI va ajJAnavAdI ina cAra samavasaraNoM kA varNana huA hai| isameM ekAMta kriyAvAda va ekAMta jJAnavAda se mukti nahIM mAnI gaI hai, kintu jJAna va kriyA ke samanvaya se mukti mAnI gaI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM 'samavasaraNa' nAmaka uddezaka meM ina cAroM dArzanika matoM kA ullekha huA hai| jJAna va kriyA ke saMbaMdha ko spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti zIlavAna bhI hai va zrutasampanna bhI hai vahI saccA ArAdhaka hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThe adhyayana 'ArdrakIya' meM AjIvikamata ke AcArya gozAlaka, bauddha bhikSu, vedAnta darzana ko mAnane vAle brAhmaNa parivrAjaka aura hastitApasa ke ullekha milate haiN| isa dRSTi se sUtrakRtAMga va bhagavatIsUtra meM gaharA saMbaMdha hai| AjIvika mata kA jitanA vistRta vivecana bhagavatIsUtra meM milatA hai anyatra nhiiN| isake atirikta parivrAjaka, hastitApasa va anyatIrthika mAnyatAoM ke varNana bhI isa graMtha meM hue haiM / sUtrakRtAMga12 meM per3hAlaputra udakazramaNa dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa cAturyAma dharma se paMcamahAvrata dharma ko svIkAra karane kA udAharaNa milatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM aise kaI udAharaNa haiM jahA~ pArzvaparamparA ke anagAroM ne mahAvIra se tattvacarcA karane ke pazcAt cAturyAma dharma ke sthAna para paMcamahAvrata rUpa dharma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga13 meM loka kA svarUpa batAte hue use anaMta, antarahita, nitya, nAzarahita va zAzvata rUpa kahA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra14 meM bhI lokasvarUpa isI prakAra varNita hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke caturtha pratyAkhyAna' nAmaka adhyayana meM apratyAkhyAna ko karmoM kA mUla tathA pratyAkhyAna ko karmamakti kA mArga batAyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra15 meM supratyAkhyAnI aura duSpratyAkhyAnI ke svarUpa para vivecana milatA hai| 20 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #47
bhagavatIsUtra aura sthAnAMga sthAnAMgasUtra ke adhyayana sthAna ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / sthAnAMga meM bheda va abheda dRSTi se tattvacarcA, AcAra- -vivecana, jJAna-mImAMsA, sva-para- samaya, jIva, jagata, tIrthaMkara, kulakara paramparA Adi sabhI ke ullekha haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI ina sabhI viSayoM para vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se kucha viSaya dRSTavya haiN| sthAnAMga" meM 'ege AyA' sUtra dvArA samasta jIvoM meM ekatva sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra 7 meM caitanya ko AtmA se abhinna batAte hue isI ekatva kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM jo kucha bhI hai use jIva va ajIva do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya ke do pramukha bheda jIva dravya va ajIva dravya prApta hote haiN| sthAnAMga " ke tRtIya sthAna meM loka ke tIna bheda adholoka, madhyaloka va Urdhvaloka kiye gaye haiM / bhagavatIsUtra 20 meM kSetraloka ke ye tIna bheda karate hue unake svarUpa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM deva cAra prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM- bhavanavAsI, vANavyantara, jyotiSka aura vimaanvaasii| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI devoM ke ina cAra prakAroM kA vivecana hai / sthAnAMga2" meM svAdhyAya ke pAMca prakAra; vAcanA, pRcchanA, parivartanA, anuprekSA va dharmakathA kA ullekha hai| bhagavatIsUtra 22 meM svAdhyAya ke ina pAMcoM bhedoM kA ullekha hai| yahAM pRcchanA ke sthAna para pratipRcchanA zabda kA prayoga huA hai / isake atirikta sthAnAMga meM cha: lezyA, ATha prakAra kI lokasthiti, dasadizAoM, mahAvIra dvArA chadmastha avasthA meM dekhe gaye dasa svapna Adi ke nAmollekha haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM cha:lezyA, dasa dizAoM, ATha prakAra kI loka sthiti tathA mahAvIra ke dasa svapnoM kA vistRta varNana hai / prAyaH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sthAnAMga meM jina viSayoM kA ullekha mAtra kiyA gayA hai, bhagavatIsUtra meM una sabhI viSayoM para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| I bhagavatIsUtra va samavAyAMga ardhamAgadhI aMga sAhitya meM samavAyAMga mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| samavAyAMga 23 meM dravya kI dRSTi se jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / kSetra kI dRSTi se loka, aloka, siddha-zilA, Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / kAla kI dRSTi se samaya AvalikA, muhUrtta, palyopama, sAgaropama, utsarpiNI, avasarpiNI, pudgalaparAvartana evaM cAra gatiyoM ke jIvoM kI sthiti Adi para 1 bhagavatIsUtra va anya Agama graMtha 21

Page #48
cintana kiyA gayA hai / bhAva kI dRSTi se jJAna, darzana, vIrya Adi jIva - bhAvoM tathA varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza Adi ajIva - bhAvoM kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM ina sabhI viSayoM para atyadhika vistAra se varNana prApta hote haiM, jinakA vistRta vivecana Age ke adhyAyoM meM hai / samavAyAMga 24 meM ekatva kI dRSTi se 'egeloe' 'ege aloe' kA siddhAnta pratipAdita hai / bhagavatIsUtra 25 meM dravya dRSTi se loka ko eka mAnA hai / samavAyAMga 26 meM bAhyatapa ke cha: bheda va Abhyantara tapa ke chaH bheda batAye gaye haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI bAraha prakAra ke tapa kA vivecana huA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra 27 meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha huA hai| bhagavatIsUtra28 ke pandrahaveM zataka meM yahI ullekha prApta hotA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 30 varSa kI Ayu meM anagAra hue| isI taraha bhagavatIsUtra ke aneka sUtroM kI samavAyAMga ke sUtroM ke sAtha samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isakA vistRta vivecana madhukara muni ne samavAyAMga sUtra kI prastAvanA meM kiyA hai / 29 bhagavatIsUtra va jJAtAdharmakathA jJAtAdharmakathA jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai kathAgraMtha hai, jisameM kathA ke mAdhyama se bhavyajIvoM ko pratibodha diyA hai / jJAtAdharmakathA se tulanA karane para bhagavatIsUtra kA samRddha sAMskRtika pakSa sAmane AtA hai| isameM varNita kathAnaka tatkAlIna samAja va saMskRti kA sajIva citra prastuta karate haiM / jJAtAdharmakathA meM varNita meghakumAra ke kathAnaka va bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita mahAbala va jamAli ke kathAnaka meM paryApta samAnatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM / meghakumAra ke kathAnaka meM meghakumAra ke janma se pUrva unakI mAtA dvArA svapna-darzana, rAjA dvArA dohada kA sammAna, meghakumAra kA ATha rAniyoM se vivAha, bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nagara meM padArpaNa, meghakumAra kA pravrajyA dhAraNa karane kA saMkalpa, mAtA dvArA vilApa Adi prasaMga mahAbala" ke caritra meM jyoM ke tyoM varNita haiM / jJAtAdharmakathA ke solahaveM adhyayana meM rAnI draupadI ke kathAnaka meM draupadI ke nAmakaraNa meM yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki yaha bAlikA drupada rAjA kI putrI va culanI rAnI kI AtmajA hai, bAlikA kA nAma draupadI rakhA gayA / bhagavatIsUtra 2 meM mahAbala ke kathAnaka meM rAjakumAra mahAbala kA nAmakaraNa bhI isI AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai / jJAtAdharmakathA meM karma, karmaphala va karmakriyA Adi para vivecana prApta hotA hai / tumbe ke dRSTAMta meM dvArA yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki karmoM ke lepa se bhArI AtmA saMsAra sAgara DUba jAtI hai jabaki karma-vimukta AtmA saMsAra sAgara ko pAra kara jAtI hai / bhagavatIsUtra ataH bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 22

Page #49
meM karma para vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| jIva svakata karmoM ko bhogatA hai| karma kauna bA~dhatA hai, kauna nahIM isakA vistAra se vivecana chaThe zataka meM kiyA gayA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM mallikumArI ke kathAnaka dvArA yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki strI bhI mokSa pada ko prApta kara sakatI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jayantI zrAvikA dvArA tattva carcA, vairAgya dhAraNa va mokSa prApti ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| bhagavatIsUtra va prajJApanAsUtra sampUrNa jaina aMga sAhitya meM jo sthAna paMcama aMga bhagavatIsUtra kA hai vahI sthAna upAMga sAhitya meM prajJApanAsUtra kA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kI taraha ise bhI jaina tattvajJAna kA bRhat koza kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM jIva ajIva kI prajJApanA karate hae bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se una para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM ina sabhI viSayoM kA vivecana milatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM aneka sthAnoM para 'jahA paNNavaNAe' kahakara prajJApanA sUtra ke 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 15, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28veM pada se prastuta viSaya kI pUrti karane hetu sUcanA dI gaI hai| isase donoM kI viSaya sAmyatA svataH spaSTa ho jAtI hai| isake atirikta jisa prakAra adhika lokapriya va pUjanIya graMtha hone ke kAraNa vyAkhyAprajJapti ke sAtha 'bhagavatI' vizeSaNa jur3a gayA usI prakAra prajJApanA upAMga ke pratyeka pada kI samApti para 'paNNavaNAe bhagavaIe' kahakara prajJApanA ke lie bhagavatI vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA kI racanA bhI bhagavatIsUtra kI taraha prazrottara zailI meM kI gaI hai| kinta, 81veM sUtra taka praznakartA va uttaradAtA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| bAda meM kucha jagaha gautama gaNadhara va mahAvIra ke bIca praznottara kA ullekha hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM prAyaH hara sUtra meM praznakartA va uttaradAtA kA ullekha hai| prajJApanA ke prathama pada meM prajJApanA ko jIva-ajIva ina bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| ajIva ke do bheda- rUpI va arUpI kara rUpI meM pudgala va arUpI meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura addhAsamaya kA samAveza kiyA hai| Age jIva ke bhedoM-prabhedoM para vistAra se varNana hai / prajJApanA meM varNita jIva-ajIva kA varNana kramabaddhatA lie hue haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM yahI varNana praznAnusAra hai| bhagavatIsUtra va uttarAdhyayana jaina ardhamAgadhI sAhitya meM uttarAdhyayana kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| viSaya va bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha graMtha prAcIna hai| uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayanoM meM jo viSayavastu varNita hai, usakA varNana bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana34 ke vinaya sUtra meM guru-ziSya saMbaMdhoM ke utkRSTa vivecana meM anuzAsana ko sarvAdhika bhagavatIsUtra va anya Agama graMtha 23

Page #50
mahattva diyA gayA hai| vahA~ anuzAsana kA artha zuzrUSA, sadAcAra athavA ziSTAcAra se hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI vinaya ke sAta prakAroM kA varNana huA hai1. jJAna-vinaya 2. darzana-vinaya 3.cAritra-vinaya 4. mana-vinaya, 5. vacana-vinaya 6. kAya-vinaya 7.lokopcaar-viny| uttarAdhyayana ke dvitIya adhyayana meM 22 parISahoM ke nAma va svarUpa kA varNana hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM 22 parISahoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karate hue yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kina karmaprakRtiyoM ke kAraNa kauna se parISaha hote haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke tetIsaveM adhyayana meM 'karmaprakRti' kA varNana hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI ATha karmaprakRtiyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana38 meM loka ko dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, jIva va pudgala ina chaH dravyoM kA samUha batAyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM loka ko paMcAstikAya rUpa mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsaveM adhyayana meM jIva-ajIva ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI jIva dravya va ajIva dravya ke svarUpa, bheda-prabheda Adi kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM zramaNa ke AcAra kA varNana karate hue krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha ina kaSAyoM ko tyAgane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra-1 meM bhI akrodha, amAna, amAyA va alobha ko zramaNa ke lie prazasta batAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta jJAna, pAMca samiti, tIna gupti, tapa, maraNa ke prakAra Adi aneka viSaya haiM, jinakA donoM hI graMthoM meM vivecana hai| vastutaH uttarAdhyayana meM padyAtmaka rUpa meM jo sAmagrI vivecita hai vaha prAyaH gadyAtmaka rUpa meM bhagavatIsUtra meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| saMdarbha 1. AcArAMga niyukti, 16 2. AcArAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.2.2.69-74 3. "se jahA vi aNagAre ujjukaDe NiyAgapaDivaNNe amAyaM kuvvamANe viyaahite|' - vahI, 1.1.3.19 vahI, 1.2.5.91, 87 vyA. sR., 1.9.17., 18, 1.1.11 vahI, 7.1.17-20 'pariNNe saNNe uvamA Na vijjati arUvI apadassa padaM Natthi'-AcArAMga sampA. muni, madhukara, 1.5.6.176, pR. 188 8. vyA. sU., 30.1.1 vahI, 8.10.2 sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, sampA. muni madhukara, adhyayana 6 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #51
17. 23. 25. 11. vyA. sU. 15.1 12. sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, sampA. muni madhukara, 7.873, pR. 216 13. sUtrakRtAMga, muni madhukara, 1.4.6, pR. 92 14. 'dhuve Nitie sAsae akkhae avvae avaTThie Nicce'-vyA. sU. 9.33.101 15. vahI, 7.2.1-35 16. sthAnAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.2, pR. 3 'jIve tAva niyamA jIve, jIve vi niyamA jiive|'- vyA. sU. 6.10.2 18. ___ 'jadatthi NaM loge taM savvaM dupaoAraM, taM jahA jIvacceva ajiivccev|'- sthAnAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 2.1.1, pR. 24 19. vahI, 3.2.140, pR. 120 vyA. sU., 11.10.3-6 21. 'paMcaviha sajjhAe paNNatte, taM jahA vAyaNA, pucchaNA, pariyaTTaNA, aNuppehA, dhammakahA'-sthAnAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 5.3.220, pR. 525 'vAyaNA, paDipucchanA pariya'NA aNuppehA dhammakahA'-vyA. sU., 25.7.236 zAstrI, devendra muni, jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 104 24. samavAyAMgasUtra, sampA. muni madhukara 1.7-8, pR. 5 ___ 'davvao NaM ege loe saaMte'- vyA. sU. 2.1.24 26. samavAyAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 31, pR. 15 vahI, 201, pR.91 vyA. sU. 15.1.21 samavAyAMgasUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, prastAvanA, pR. 60-86 30. jJAtAdharmakathA, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.17-160 31. vyA. sU. 11.11 32. vahI, 11.11.44 vyA. sU. 12.2 34. uttarAdhyayana, adhyAya 1 35. vyA. sU. 25.7.219 uttarAdhyayana, 2.1-46 vyA. sU. 8.8.23-34 'dhammo adhammo AgAsaM kAlo puggl-jntvo| esa logo ti pannatto jiNehi varadaMsihiM / / ' uttarAdhyayana, 28.7 39. paMcatthikAyA, esa NaM evatie loe tti pavuccai, taM jahA-dhamma'tthikAe, adhamma'tthikAe, jAva poggltthikaae|' vyA. sU. 13.4.23 40. uttarAdhyayana, 4.12 41. vyA. sU. 1.9.18 27. 29. bhagavatIsUtra va anya Agama graMtha 25

Page #52
illi bhagavatIsUtra svarUpa evaM pratipAdya

Page #53
grantha- paricaya evaM vyAkhyAsAhitya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI gaNadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMga meM saMkalita kI gaI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki samasta jaina siddhAntoM kA mUla AdhAra bAraha aMga mAne jAte haiM / ina bAraha aMgoM meM se dRSTivAda ke vicchinna ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna meM ekAdaza aMga zAstra hI upalabdha haiM / upalabdha gyAraha aMgoM meM se pA~caveM aMga kA prAkRta nAma viApatti hai / isakA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa vyAkhyAprajJapti hai / prastuta Agama graMtha meM gautama gaNadhara va prasaMgavaza anya zramaNoM aura ziSyoM dvArA pUche gaye 36,000 praznoM kA uttara zramaNaziromaNi bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane zrImukha se diyA hai| jJAna ke athAha sAgara rUpa isa graMtha meM prAya: sabhI viSayoM se saMbaMdhita praznottara vivecita haiM / jJAna ke agAdha bhaNDAra se paripUrNa isa graMtha ko samasta upalabdha Agama graMthoM meM sarvocca sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| ise zAstrarAja kahakara sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| nAmakaraNa praznottara zailI meM likhA jAne vAlA graMtha vyAkhyAprajJapti kahalAtA hai / 'vyAkhyA' kA artha hai 'vivecana karanA' tathA 'prajJapti' kA artha hai 'samajhAnA' / arthAt jisameM vivecanapUrvaka tattva ko samajhAyA jAye, vaha vyAkhyAprajJapti kahA jAtA hai|' samavAyAMga' va naMdIsUtra' meM 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' va ' vyAkhyA' ye do nAma milate haiM / yahA~ 'vyAkhyA' zabda vyAkhyAprajJapti kA hI saMkSiptikaraNa pratIta hotA hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti kA prAkRta bhASA meM nAma 'viyAhapaNNatti' hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti isI kA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa hai tathA isakA lokapracalita nAma bhagavatI (bhagavaI) hai / isake vyAkhyAprajJApti, vyAkhyAprajJAtti Adi nAma bhI milate haiM / navAMgI TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadevasUri ne vyAkhyAprajJapti kI vRtti ke prAraMbha meM vyAkhyAprajJapti ke bhinna-bhinna nAmoM kI saTIka vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| vi + A + khyA + pra + jJapti vyAkhyA - prajJapti grantha-paricaya evaM vyAkhyAsAhitya 27

Page #54
arthAt gautama Adi ziSyoM ko unake praznoM kA uttara pradAna karate hue zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA zreSThatama vidhi se jIva-ajIva Adi aneka jJeya padArthoM kI vyApakatA evaM vizAlatApUrvaka kI gaI vyAkhyAoM kA gaNadhara Arya sudharmA dvArA apane ziSya jambU ke samakSa prarUpaNa jisa graMtha meM kiyA gayA vaha graMtha vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| dUsare zabdoM meM gautama Adi ziSyoM dvArA pUche gaye praznoM ke uttara kI mahAvIra dvArA prajJApanA, jisa zAstra meM kI gaI, vaha vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne vyAkhyAprajJapti ke pRthak-pRthak rUpAntaraNoM kA nirvacana isa prakAra kiyA hai vyAkhyA + prajJA + Apti = vyAkhyAprajJApti 0 vyAkhyA + prajJA + Atti = vyAkhyAprajJAtti arthAt isameM vyAkhyA kI prajJA se artha kI prApti hotI hai, isalie yaha vyAkhyAprajJApti yA vyAkhyAprajJAtti hai| 0 vyAkhyAprajJa + Apti = vyAkhyAprajJApti 0 vyAkhyAprajJa + Atti = vyAkhyAprajJAtti ___ arthAt vyAkhyA karane meM prajJa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA gaNadharoM ko artha rUpa meM jJAna kI prApti huI hai, ataH isa Agama kA nAma vyAkhyAprajJApti yA vyAkhyAprajJAtti hai| isake do anya pATha 'vivAhapaNNatti' tathA 'vibAhapaNNatti' bhI milate haiN| vRttikAra ne inakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai; 0 vi + vAha + prajJapti = vivaahprjnypti| arthAt jisameM vividha yA viziSTa arthapravAhoM (nayapravAhoM)kA prajJApana kiyA ho usa zruta kA nAma vivAhaprajJapti hai| 0 vi + bAdha + prajJapti = vibAdhaprajJapti / isameM bAdhA rahita arthAt pramANa se abAdhita jJAna kA nirUpaNa hai, ataH yaha vibAdhaprajJapti hai| gautama gaNadhara Adi ziSyoM va mahAvIra ke praznottara rUpa meM hone ke kAraNa digambara paramparA ke graMtha kaSAyapAhuDa tathA rAjavArtika' meM isakA nAma 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' milatA hai| bhagavatI vizeSaNa isa Agama kA dUsarA nAma bhagavatI hai| bhagavatI vRtti meM isakA ullekha huA hai- iyaM ca bhagavatItyapi pUjyatvenAbhidhIyate- (pR0 2) / samavAyAMga meM bhI viyAhapaNNatti ke sAtha 'bhagavatI' vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA haivivAhapannattIe NaM bhagavatIe caurAsIiM payasahassA padaggeNaM paNNattA- (pR. 143, madhukara muni)| vastutaH vyAkhyAprajJapti eka viziSTa Agama thA, logoM kI isake prati apUrva zraddhA va bhakti ke kAraNa isase 'bhagavatI' vizeSaNa jur3a gayA jo 28 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #55
bAda meM isakA svataMtra nAma bana gyaa| isa sambandha meM madhukara muni ne likhA hai'vItarAga sarvajJa prabhu kI vANI adbhuta jJAnanidhi se paripUrNa hai| jisa zAstra meM anantalabdhinidhAna gaNadhara guru zrI indrabhUti gautama tathA prasaMgavaza anya zramaNoM Adi dvArA pUche gaye 36,000 praznoM kA zramaNa ziromaNi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zrImukha se diye gaye uttaroM kA saMkalana-saMgraha hai, usake prati janamAnasa meM zraddhA-bhakti aura pUjyatA honA svAbhAvika hai| vItarAgaprabhu kI vANI meM samagra jIvana ko pAvana evaM parivartita karane kA adbhuta sAmarthya hai, vaha eka prakAra se bhAgavatI zakti hai, isI kAraNa jaba bhI vyAkhyAprajJapti kA vAcana hotA hai taba gaNadhara bhagavAn zrI gautamasvAmI ko sambodhita karake jinezvara bhagavAn mahAvIra prabhu dvArA vyakta kiye gaye udgAroM ko sunate hI bhAvuka bhaktoM kA mana-mayUra zraddhA-bhakti se gadgada hokara nAca uThatA hai| zraddhAlu bhaktagaNa isa zAstra ke zravaNa ko jIvana kA apUrva alabhya lAbha mAnate haiN| phalataH anya aMgoM kI apekSA vizAla evaM adhika pUjya hone ke kAraNa vyAkhyAprajJapti ke pUrva 'bhagavatI' vizeSaNa prayukta hone lagA aura zatAdhika varSoM se to 'bhagavatI' zabda vizeSaNa na raha kara svataMtra nAma ho gayA hai| vartamAna meM vyAkhyAprajJapti kI apekSA 'bhagavatI' nAma hI adhika pracalita hai|' AkAra vyAkhyAprajJapti vizAlakAya Agama graMtha hai| samavAyAMgasUtra va nandIsUtra' meM isake prAcIna AkAra kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| samavAyAMga meM isakA prAcIna AkAra isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai- 'vyAkhyAprajJapti meM eka zrutaskandha hai, sau se kucha adhika adhyayana haiM, dasa hajAra uddezaka haiM, dasa hajAra samauddezaka haiM, chattIsa hajAra praznoM ke uttara haiN| pada-gaNanA kI apekSA caurAsI hajAra pada haiN| saMkhyAta akSara haiM, ananta gama haiM, ananta paryAya haiM, parIta trasa haiM, ananta sthAvara haiN| vAcanAe~ parIta haiM, anuyogadvAra saMkhyAta haiM, pratipattiyA~ saMkhyAta haiN| veDha (chaMda vizeSa) saMkhyAta haiM, zoka saMkhyAta haiM aura niyuktiyA~ saMkhyAta haiN|' nandIsUtra meM bhI vyAkhyAprajJapti kA prAcIna AkAra samavAyAMga sUtra kI taraha hI batAyA gayA hai, kintu padoM kI saMkhyA do lAkha aTThAsI hajAra batAI gaI hai| digambara paramparA ke graMtha SaTakhaMDAgama, kaSAyapAhuDa va rAjavArtika ke anusAra prastuta graMtha meM 60,000 prazroM kA vyAkaraNa hai| AcArya vIrasena ke anusAra isa Agama meM praznottara ke sAtha-sAtha 96,000 chinna-chedaka nayoM se prajJApanIya zubha va azubha kA varNana hai| jayadhavalA12 ke anusAra vyAkhyAprajJapti meM do lAkha aTThAisa hajAra pada haiN| grantha-paricaya evaM vyAkhyAsAhitya 29

Page #56
vartamAna AkAra ___ vyAkhyAprajJapti kA jo vartamAna AkAra Aja prApta hai vaha samavAyAMga va nandIsUtra meM varNita AkAra se bhinna hai| vartamAna meM isameM mukhya rUpa se 41 zataka haiN| vyAkhyAprajJapti kI samApti para ikkacattAlI saimaM rAsI jummasayaM samatta pada prApta hotA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti ke upasaMhAra meM isake vartamAna AkAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai savvAe bhagavatIe aTThattIsaM sayaM sayANaM ( 138) / uddesagANaM egUNaviMsatisatANi paMcaviMsaiahiyANi ( 1925 ) / / culasItisayasahassA payANa pvrvrnnaann-dNsiihiN| bhAvAbhAvamaNaMtA paNNattA etthmNgmmi||- (upasaMhAra, 12) arthAt sampUrNa bhagavatIsUtra meM kula 138 zataka haiM aura 1925 uddezaka haiN| pravarajJAna-darzana dhAraka mahApuruSoM ne isa aMga sUtra meM 84 lAkha pada kahe haiM tathA vidhi-niSedha rUpa bhAva to ananta kahe haiN| 138 zatakoM kA parimANa isa prakAra hai; prathama battIsa zataka svataMtra haiM, tetIsaveM zataka se lekara unatAlIsaveM zataka taka sAta zatakoM meM bAraha-bAraha avAntara zataka haiM, cAlIsavAM zataka ikkIsa zatakoM kA samavAya hai, ikatAlIsavAM zataka svataMtra hai| isa prakAra sabhI zatakoM ko milAne se 32+ (12x7=84)+21+1=138 zataka hote haiN| uddezaka kI saMkhyA upasaMhAra meM 1925 batAI gaI hai jabaki zatakoM ke prAraMbha meM dI gaI saMgrahaNI gAthAoM ke anusAra uddezakoM kI saMkhyA 1923 hI hotI hai| isakA kAraNa spaSTa karate hue madhukara muni ne likhA hai ki bIsaveM zataka ke 12 uddezaka gine jAte haiM, kintu prastuta vAcanA meM pRthvIkAya, apakAya, tejaskAya ina tInoM kA eka sammilita (chaThA) uddezaka hI upalabdha hone se dasa hI uddezaka hote haiN| isa prakAra do uddezaka kama ho jAne se gaNanAnusAra uddezakoM kI saMkhyA 1923 hotI hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti ke vartamAna AkAra, zataka, uddezaka va akSara parimANa kA nirUpaNa madhukara muni dvArA vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra (bhAga-4) meM tathA AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA bhagavaI khaNDa-1 meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zataka va uddezaka saMkhyA to samAna hai parantu akSara parimANa saMkhyA kucha bhinna hai| 4 vibhAga-avAntara vibhAga vyAkhyAprajJapti ke adhyayana zataka ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| yaha zata (saya) kA hI rUpa hai| zataka kA zAbdika artha sau hotA hai, kintu yahA~ zataka zabda se sau saMkhyA kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| yaha saMbhavataH adhyayana zabda ke lie hI rUr3ha hai| 30 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #57
vyAkhyAprajJapti ke anta meM upasaMhAra meM 'ikkacattAlIsaimaM rAsI jummasayaM samattaM' pada prApta hotA hai| samavAyAMgA va nandIsUtra meM adhyayana zabda kA hI prayoga milatA hai| 'ege sAirege ajjhayaNasate' arthAt vyAkhyAprajJapti meM sau se adhika zataka haiM, kintu naMdI ke cUrNikAra" ne zata kA artha 'adhyayana' se hI liyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kaI jagaha 'zata' zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai- jahA sakkassa vattavvatA tatiyasate - (4.4) samavAyAMga va naMdI meM vyAkhyAprajJapti ke vivaraNa meM adhyayana zabda kA prayoga tathA mUla Agama meM zata zabda kA prayoga hai, isalie zata ko adhyayana kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| racanAkAra va racanAkAla bhagavatIsUtra kA dvAdazAMgI meM pA~cavAM sthAna hai| sUtrarUpa meM isake racanAkAra gaNadhara sudharmA haiN| DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina Adi kaI vidvAnoM ne isakI viSayavastu, mahattva Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu racanAkAra tathA racanAkAla para vizeSa sAmagrI prastuta nahIM kI hai| devendra muni ne bhI isa sambandha meM yahI likhA hai ki isakI mUla racanA prAcIna hI hai| yaha gaNadharakRta hI hai|18 bhagavaI khaNDa-13 meM isake prastuta saMskaraNa kI racanA kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isakA prastuta saMskaraNa devarddhigaNi kI vAcanA ke samaya kA hai| I.pU. pA~ca sau se IsavI san pA~ca sau taka ke sUtra isameM milate haiM / gautama dvArA pUche jAne para ki bhagavAn yaha pUrvagata zruta kaba taka calegA? bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA uttara diyA gayA ki isa jambUdvIpa ke bhAratavarSa meM isa avasarpiNI kAla meM merA pUrvagata zruta eka hajAra varSa taka rahegA goyamA! jaMbudvIve NaM dIve bhArahe vAse imIse osappiNIe mamaM egaM vAsasahassaM puvvagae aNusajjissati - (20.8.10) / isa sUtra kA spaSTIkaraNa dete hue AcArya mahAprajJa jI ne bhagavaI 20 meM kahA hai ki yaha sUtra saMkalanakAlIna racanA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pravacana meM kahIM bhI bhaviSyavANI nahIM hai| yaha sAmayika sthiti kA Akalana karane vAlA sUtra devarddhigaNi kI vAcanA ke samaya jor3A gayA pratIta hotA hai| samarpaNasUtroM yA nirdeza sUtroM ke adhyayana se yahI pramANita hotA hai ki prastuta Agama meM aneka zatAbdiyoM kI racanA kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karane vAle DaoN. je.sI. sikadara ne apane zodha prabaMdhana meM isa graMtha ke racanAkAla para Antarika va bAhya donoM prakAra ke sAkSyoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue yaha niSkarSa diyA hai ki isa graMtha ke kucha saMdarbha yadi IsA pUrva grantha-paricaya evaM vyAkhyAsAhitya 31

Page #58
pA~cavIM zatI ke haiM to kucha sandarbha IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke bhI haiN| ataH isa graMtha kI racanAkAla kI avadhi IsA pU. 500 se IsA kI chaThI zatI arthAt lagabhaga 1,000 varSa kI hai| DaoN0 zubriga Adi videzI vidvAnoM ne racanA ke AdhAra para isake mUla pATha va parivardhita pAThoM ke racanAkAla ke nirdhAraNa kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu yaha abhI bhI zodha kA viSaya hai| isake vibhinna pAThoM kA racanAkAla nikAlane ke lie bhASA, sAhitya, itihAsa, darzana aura racanAzailI Adi aneka sAkSyoM ke gahana vizleSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai| racanA zailI prastuta Agama kI racanA praznottara zailI meM huI hai| nandIsUtra ke cUrNikAra ne isakA ullekha karate hue batAyA hai ki gautamAdi ziSyoM dvArA pUche gaye tathA nahIM pUche gaye jo prazna the, isameM usakA vyAkaraNa hai| rAjavArtika meM bhI vyAkhyAprajJapti meM isI prakAra kI praznottara zailI hone kA ullekha milatA hai| upalabdha vyAkhyAprajJapti meM bhI yahI prazrottarazailI vidyamAna hai, jo saMbhavataH prAcIna hI pratIta hotI hai| ___ graMtha kI racanAzailI meM eka pramukha bAta sAmane AtI hai ki isa graMtha meM viSayoM kA vivecana anya graMthoM kI taraha kramabaddha tathA vyavasthita DhaMga se nahIM milatA hai| pUre graMtha meM viSayavastu bikharI-bikharI sI lagatI hai| saMbhavataH isakA kAraNa yaha rahA hogA ki praznottara zailI meM likhe gaye isa graMtha meM praznakartA gautama gaNadhara, mAkandiputra, roha anagAra, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, skandaka parivrAjaka,pArzvaparamparA ke anagAra, jayantI zrAvikA Adi the| kabhI-kabhI anyadharmatIrthAvalambI bhI apanI zaMkA samAdhAna hetu mahAvIra se prazna karate the| ina sabhI praznakartAoM ke mana meM jaba koI jijJAsA utpanna hotI, tabhI ve bhagavAn mahAvIra se usakA samAdhAna prApta karane pahu~ca jAte / gaNadhara sudharmAsvAmI dvArA saMkalana karate samaya una praznottaroM ko usI krama meM usI rUpa meM grathita kara liyA gyaa| ataH viSayoM kI akramabaddhatA prastuta Agama kI prAmANikatA ko puSTa karatI hai| isakI praznottara zailI kI kucha mukhya vizeSatAe~ nimna haiM(1) kahIM kahIM prazna va uttara donoM kI bhASA saMkSipta hai tiriyaloe NaM bhante! pucchaa| goyamA! asaMkhejaibhAgaM phusi| - (2.10.15) (2) kahIM prazna vistRta hai aura uttara saMkSipta hai| ataH prati prazna bhI kiyA gayA hai| prati prazna 'se keNaDheNaM bhaMte' se prAraMbha hotA hai| 32 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #59
(3) kahIM prazna saMkSipta hai to uttara vistRta hai|25 (4) kahIM kahIM phuTakara prazna haiM26 to kahIM eka hI prakaraNa se sambandhita praznottara kI zrRMkhalA calatI hai|" jainAgamoM kI tatkAlIna praznottara paddhati ke anusAra prastuta Agama meM praznoM kA punaruccAraNa, phira uttara meM prazna kA doharAnA, tathA kabhI kabhI punaH uttara kA upasaMhAra karate hue prazna ko doharAnA Adi vizeSatAe~ bhI dekhane ko milatI haiN| praznottara meM prAyaH pratyakSa zailI kA hI prayoga huA hai parantu kahIM-kahIM apratyakSa zailI kA prayoga bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| kaThina viSayoM ko samajhAne ke lie dainika jIvana ke prasaMgoM va rUpakoM kA prayoga karate hue unakA saralIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| karmarahita jIva kI Urdhva gati ko sUkhI maTara kI phalI tathA tumbA ke udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| (7) jahA~ eka hI prazna ke eka se adhika uttara-pratyuttara hote, vahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra praznakartA kI dRSTi va bhAvanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara svayaM prati prazna karake samAdhAna prastuta karate haiMpuvviM bhaMte! aMDae? pacchA kukkaDI? puvviM kukkaDI? pacchA aMDae? rohA! se NaM aMDae kato? bhagavaM! taM kukkuddiito| sa NaM kukkuDIkato? bhaMte! aNddgaato| evAmeva rohA! se ya aMDae sA ya kukkuDI, puvviM pete, pacchA pete, do vete sAsatA bhAvA, aNANupuvvI esA rohA! - (1.6.16) (8) praznottara zailI meM likhe gaye isa Agama meM kucha prakaraNa kathAnaka zailI meM bhI likhe gaye haiM yathA- gozAlaka kA kathAnaka, mahAbala kA prakaraNa, rAjAudAyana kA carita, jamAlicarita aadi| (9) gadyazailI meM likhe gaye isa graMtha meM pratipAdya viSaya kA saMkalana karane vAlI saMgrahaNIya gAthAoM ke lie padyabhAga kA prayoga huA hai jisameM usa zataka ke sabhI uddezakoM kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| prAyaH saMgrahaNIya gAthA zataka ke prAraMbha meM hI AI hai parantu kahIM-kahIM gadya ke madhya meM bhI gAthAe~ milatI haiN| grantha-paricaya evaM vyAkhyAsAhitya 33

Page #60
vyAkhyA sAhitya bhagavatIsUtra mUla meM hI itanA vistRta graMtha hai ki isa para manISI AcAryoM ne vyAkhyAe~ kama hI likhI haiM / isa para likhA koI prAcIna bhASya upalabdha nahIM hai| vartamAna meM vistRta bhASya sahita bhagavaI viAhapaNNattI ke bhinna-bhinna khaNDoM kA prakAzana jaina vizva bhAratI lADanU~ se ho rahA hai| niryukti - naMdIsUtra'" meM upalabdha gyAraha aMgoM ke vivaraNa meM sabhI aMgoM meM saMkhyeya niryuktiyoM kA ullekha hai / vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra ke varNana meM bhI saMkhyAta niryuktiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / yathA 'saMkhijjAoM nijjuttIo' lekina isa bAta kA yahA~ koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai ki ye niyuktiyA~ Agama ke sAtha jur3I huI thIM yA svataMtra vyAkhyA graMtha ke rUpa meM thIM / prastuta Agama meM kucha niryukta zabda milate haiM 1. 2. 3. 4. jamhA ANai vA, pANamai vA, ussasai vA, nIsasai vA tamhA pANe tti vattavvaM siyA (2.1.8) jamhA bhUte bhavati bhavissati ya tamhA bhue tti vattavvaM siyA (2.1.8) jamhA jIve jIvati jIvattaM AuyaM ca kammaM uvajIvati tamhA jIve tti vattavya siyA (2.1.8) * 3424 je lokkar3a se loe - (5.9.14) nikSepa niryukti kA sthAna-sthAna para prayoga milatA hai / yaha udAharaNa dRSTavya hai davvao loe asaMte, khettao loe saaMte kAlao loe aNaM bhAvao loe anaMte - (2.1.24) cUrNi - vyAkhyAprajJapti para vistAra se cUrNi nahIM likhI gaI hai| kintu, jinadAsa mahattara kRta eka ati laghu cUrNi isa para likhI milatI hai, isakA vivaraNa AcArya mahAprajJa jI ne bhagavaI khaNDa - 132 meM isa prakAra diyA hai'usakI patra saMkhyA 80 hai / usakA graMthamAna 3590 loka parimANa hai / usake prAraMbha meM maMgalAcaraNa nahIM hai aura anta meM prazasti nahIM hai / racanAkAra aura racanAkAla kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| cUrNi kI bhASA prAkRta pradhAna hai|' ise prAkRta pradhAna cUrNiyA~; naMdIcUrNi, anuyogadvAracUrNi, dazavaikAlikacUrNi, AcArAMgacUrNi sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi aura jItakalpacUrNi kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #61
vRtti- bhagavatIsUtra para navAMgI TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadeva sUri kI likhI vRtti upalabdha hai| yaha vRtti mUlAnusArI hai| saM. 1128 aNahilapATaka nagara meM isa vRtti kI racanA huI thii| isakA graMthamAna anuSTupa zrIka ke anupAta se 18,616 hai| vRtti kA prAraMbha maMgalAcaraNa ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| maMgalAcaraNa meM sarvaprathama jinezvara deva ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usake bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra, gaNadhara sudharmA, anuyoga vRddhajanoM ko tathA sarvajJapravacana ko zraddhApUrvaka namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt AcArya abhayadevasUri ne vyAkhyAprajJapti kI prAcIna TIkA aura cUrNi tathA jIvA-jIvAbhigama Adi kI vRttiyoM kI sahAyatA se prastuta Agama ko vivecita karane kA saMkalpa kiyA hai| __abhayadevasUri kI yaha vRtti bahuta hI saMkSipta hai| prAyaH zabdoM kI dRSTi se hI artha kI pradhAnatA hai, lekina kaI jagaha aise udAharaNa bhI diye gaye haiM, jisase Agama ke gUr3ha rahasyoM ko saralatA se samajhA jA ske| vRtti meM AcArya abhayadevasUri ne 'pAThAntara' va vyAkhyAbheda bhI diye haiN| kaI jagaha artha ko saralatA se samajhAne kA prayatna bhI kiyA gayA hai| vRtti meM AcArya ne 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' zabda kI bhinnabhinna dRSTikoNoM se vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| isase isakA mahattva aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| pratyeka zataka kI vRtti ke anta meM vRtti samApti sUcaka eka-eka zoka bhI diyA hai| vRtti kI samApti para prazasti meM 16 zoka haiM, jinameM unhoMne apanI guru paramparA kA paricaya diyA hai| vRtti ke zodhanakAra droNasUri ke prati tathA sahAyakoM ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa kI hai tathA anta meM racanA kI pUrNAhUti kA kAla va graMthamAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| anya TIkA graMtha abhayadevasUri ne vyAkhyAprajJapti kI prAcIna TIkA va cUrNi kA ullekha kiyA hai| isakA vistRta vivecana bhagavaI, khaNDa-134 meM kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki saMbhavataH yaha TIkA AcArya zIlAMka kI honI cAhiye, jo ki Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya zIlAMka ne nau aMgoM para TIkA likhI thii| vartamAna meM AcArAMga aura sUyagar3AMga para hI unakI TIkAe~ prApta haiM, zeSa sAta AgamoM para nhiiN| AcArya zIlAMka ke atirikta anya kisI AcArya ne isa para vyAkhyA likhI ho yaha ullekha prAcIna sAhitya meM nahIM hai| svayaM AcArya abhayadeva ne apanI vRtti ke prAraMbha meM cUrNi kA ullekha kiyA hai, ataH prAcIna TIkA cUrNi nahIM ho sktii| yaha anya vRtti hI hogii| vyAkhyAprajJapti para paravartIkAla meM bhI vRtti, vyAkhyA Adi likhe jAte rahe haiN| grantha-paricaya evaM vyAkhyAsAhitya 35

Page #62
vyAkhyAprajJapti para dUsarI vRtti AcArya malayagiri kI hai| yaha vRtti dvitIya zataka vRtti ke rUpa meM vizruta hai| isakA zoka pramANa 3,750 hai| harSakula ne bhagavatIsUtra para vikrama saMvat 1583 meM eka TIkA likhii| dAnazekhara ne vyAkhyAprajJapti para laghuvRtti likhI hai| bhAvasAgara va padmasundaragaNi ne bhI vyAkhyAprajJapti para vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiN| Adhunika yuga meM bhI AcAryoM dvArA isa vizAla graMtha kA apanI dRSTi se mUlyAMkana kiyA jA rahA hai| sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke AcArya zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma. ne bhagatavIsUtra para vyAkhyA likhI hai| ina sabhI vyAkhyAoM kI bhASA saMskRta rahI hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti para likhI gaI TIkAoM va vyAkhyAoM kI bhASA saMskRtaprAkRta pradhAna hone ke kAraNa jana sAdhAraNa ke lie unheM samajha pAnA bahuta hI kaThina thaa| taba loka bhASAoM kA prayoga karate hue sarala va subodha zailI meM saMkSipta TIkAyeM likhI jAne lgiiN| ye TIkAyeM zabdArtha pradhAna thiiN| vikrama kI 18vIM zatAbdI meM sthAnakavAsI AcArya muni dharmasiMha jI ne sattAIsa AgamoM para bAlAvabodha Tabbe likhe the| unameM se eka TabbA vyAkhyAprajJapti para bhI thaa| dharmasiMha muni ne bhagavatI kA eka yantra bhI likhA hai| TabbA ke pazcAt anuvAda yuga kA prAraMbha huaa| bhagavatIsUtra kA tIna bhASAoM meM anuvAda milatA hai- aMgrejI, gujarAtI va hindii| graMtha ke 14veM zataka taka kA aMgrejI anuvAda Hoernel Appendix ne kiyA, gujarAtI anuvAda paM. bhagavAnadAsa dozI, paM. becaradAsa dozI, gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela aura ghAsIlAla jI ma. Adi ne kiyaa| hindI anuvAda AcArya amolaka RSi jI, madana kumAra mehatA, pa. ghevaracanda jI bAMThiyAM Adi ne kiyaa| yuvAcArya madhukara muni ke netRtva meM Agama battIsI para kArya prAraMbha huaa| isI kArya ke antargata vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra kA mUla, hindI anuvAda va vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM se AcArya mahAprajJa jI ke netRtva meM vistRta bhASya sahita 'bhagavaI' vibhinna khaNDoM meM prakAzita ho rahA hai, jisameM hindI anuvAda ke sAtha-sAtha jinadAsamahattara-kRta cUrNi evaM abhayadevasUri-kRta vRtti bhI prakAzita hai| saMdarbha 1. bhagavaI (khaNDa-1) sampA. AcArya mahAprajJa, bhUmikA, pR. 15 2. samavAyAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 511, 527, pR. 171, 178 3. naMdIsUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, 76,87, pR. 152, 179 4. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, pR. 2 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #63
11. 14. 5. kaSAyapAhuDa, (bhAga-1), pR. 114 bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA 6. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.20, pR. 73 7. vyA.sU. (bhAga-1), sampA. muni madhukara, prastAvanA, pR. 15 samavAyAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 529, pR. 179 9. naMdIsUtra, muni madhukara, 87, pR. 179 (ka) SaTakhaNDAgama-1, pR. 101 (kha) kaSAyapAhuDa (bhAga-1), pR. 114 (ga) tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.20, pR. 73 kaSAyapAhuDa (bhAga-1), pR. 114 vahI, pR. 85 vyA.sU. (bhAga-4), sampA. muni madhukara, upasaMhAra, pR. 753 (ka) vahI, prastAvanA, pR. 20 (kha) bhagavaI (1), sampA. A0 mahAprajJa, bhUmikA, pR. 21 15. samavAyAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 529, pR. 179 16. naMdIsUtra, muni madhukara, 87, pR. 179 17. naMdIcUrNi, 85 18. jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 127 19. bhagavaI (khaNDa-1), bhUmikA, pR. 37 20. vahI, pR0 36 Studies in the Bagwatisutra, Page 38 22. gotamAdiehiM puDhe apuDhe vA jo paNho tavvAgaraNaM- naMdIcUNisUtra, 89, pR. 65 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.20, pR. 73 vyA. sU., 13.9.2, 1.6.26, 1.8.10 25. vahI, 8.2.29-30 26. vahI, 7.1.5-6, 2.9.1 vahI, 2.10.13-20, 7.7.2-19, 18.2.82-117 28. vahI, 1.4.17-18, 13.7.33 29. vahI, 7.1.13, 1.6.26 vahI, 1.5.6, 6.10.15 31. naMdIsUtra, sampA, muni madhukara, 83-110 32. bhagavaI (khaNDa-1), sampA., AcArya mahAprajJa, bhUmikA, pR. 37 33. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, pR. 2-3 34. bhagavaI, (khaNDa-1), bhUmikA, pR. 39 35. vyA.sU. (bhAga-4), prastAvanA, pR. 102 21. grantha-paricaya evaM vyAkhyAsAhitya 37

Page #64
viSayavastu bhagavatI vyAkhyAprajJapti kA ullekha zvetAmbara sAhitya meM dvAdazAMgI ke pA~caveM aMga graMtha ke rUpa meM milatA hai / yadi gyAraha aMgoM ko bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda se uddhRta mAnA jAye to digambara sAhitya ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAprajJapti ko parikarma ke pA~caveM adhikAra (vyAkhyAprajJapti ) se uddhRta mAnA jA sakatA hai / kaSAyapAhuDa' meM parikarma ke pA~ca adhikAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai - candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdIpaprajJapti, dvIpasAgaraprajJapti aura vyAkhyAprajJapti / ina donoM kI viSayavastu bhI samAna hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmaka parikarma rUpI - arUpI, jIva- ajIva, bhavyaabhavya ke pramANa aura lakSaNa, muktajIvoM tathA anya vastuoM kA varNana karatA hai / samavAyAMga', naMdIsUtra' tathA tattvArtharAjavArtika meM bhI vyAkhyAprajJapti kI viSayavastu ke pratipAdana kA ullekha milatA hai / samavAyAMga meM isakI viSayavastu kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki isameM svasamaya-parasamaya, jIva- ajIva va loka- aloka kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai / nAnA prakAra ke devoM, narendroM, rAjarSiyoM aura aneka prakAra ke saMzayoM meM par3e hue logoM dvArA pUche gaye 36000 praznoM ke uttara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane zrImukha se diye haiM / naMdIsUtra meM vyAkhyAprajJapti kA viSayavivecana karate hue kahA hai ki isameM jIvoM kI, ajIvoM kI tathA jIvAjIvoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / svasamaya-parasamaya - svaparaubhayasamaya siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA, lokAloka ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya akalaMka' ke anusAra isameM jIva hai yA nahIM isa prakAra ke praznoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vIrasena' ne isakI viSayavastu para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai ki isameM 96,000 chinna-chedanayoM se jJApanIya zubha va azubha kA varNana hai / uparyukta Agama graMthoM meM varNita vivecanoM se vyAkhyAprajJapti kI viSayavastu kA prArUpa hamAre sAmane spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vastutaH vyAkhyAprajJapti jJAna kA aisA mahAsAgara hai, jisakI thAha pAnA kaThina hai / vividha viSayoM kA isameM akramabaddha vivecana hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM aisA koI viSaya nahIM, jisakA varNana isameM na kiyA gayA ho / bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 38

Page #65
isakI viSayavastu kI vividhatA kA ullekha karate hue madhukara muni' ne likhA hai ki 'viSayavastu kI dRSTi se isameM vividhatA hai / vizvavidyA kI aisI koI vidhA nahIM hai, jisakI prastuta Agama meM pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se carcA na kI gaI ho / praznottaroM ke dvArA jaina tattvavidyA, itihAsa kI aneka ghaTanAe~, vibhinna vyaktiyoM kA varNana aura vivecana itanA vistRta kiyA gayA hai ki prabuddha pAThaka sahaja hI vizAla jJAna prApta kara letA hai / isa dRSTi se ise prAcIna jaina jJAna kA vizvakoza kahA jAe to atyukti na hogI / ' vyAkhyAprajJapti meM jaina darzana ke hI nahIM, dArzanika jagata ke prAyaH sabhI mUlabhUta tattvoM kA vivecana to hai hI, isake atirikta isameM bhUgola, khagola, ihaloka-paraloka, svarga-naraka, prANizAstra, rasAyanazAstra, garbhazAstra, svapnazAstra, bhUgarbhazAstra, gaNitazAstra, jyotiSa, itihAsa, manovijJAna, padArthavAda, adhyAtmavAda Adi koI bhI viSaya achUtA nahIM hai / isa prakAra vibhinna prakAra ke jJAna-vijJAna se bhare isa graMtha meM pratipAdya viSayavastu kA Akalana kaThina kArya hai / aMgasuttANi bhAga do meM isakI vistRta viSaya sUcI upalabdha hai / madhukara muni ne vyAkhyAprajJapti ' bhAga eka kI prastAvanA meM isakI viSayavastu ko dasa khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kara isameM pratipAdita vibhinna viSayoM ko kramabaddhatA dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 1. AcArakhaNDa- sAdhvAcAra ke niyama, AhAra-vihAra evaM pA~ca samiti, tInagupti, kriyA, karma, paMcamahAvrata Adi se sambandhita vivekasUtra, susAdhu, asAdhu, susaMyata, asaMyata, saMyatAsaMyata Adi ke AcAra ke viSaya meM nirUpaNa Adi / 2. dravyakhaNDa- SaTddravyoM kA varNana - padArthavAda, paramANuvAda, mana, indriyA~, buddhi, gati, zarIra Adi kA nirUpaNa / 3. siddhAntakhaNDa - AtmA, paramAtmA, (siddha-buddha-mukta), kevalajJAna Adi jJAna, AtmA kA vikasita evaM zuddha rUpa, jIva, ajIva, puNya-pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, karma, samyaktva, mithyAtva, kriyA, karmabandha evaM karma se vimukta hone ke upAya Adi / 4. paralokakhaNDa - devaloka, naraka Adi se sambandhita samagra varNana; narakabhUmiyoM ke varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza kA tathA nArakoM kI lezyA, karmabandha, Ayu, sthiti, vedanA Adi kA tathA devalokoM kI saMkhyA, vahA~ kI bhUmi, paristhiti, devadeviyoM kI vividha jAtiyA~ - upajAtiyA~, unake nivAsa sthAna, lezyA, Ayu, karmabandha, sthiti, sukhabhoga Adi kA vistRta varNana, siddhagati evaM siddhoM kA varNana / viSayavastu 39

Page #66
5. bhUgola- loka, aloka, bharatAdikSetra, karmabhUmika, akarmabhUmika kSetra, vahA~ rahane vAle prANiyoM kI gati, sthiti, lezyA, karmabandha Adi kA vrnnn| 6. khagola- sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra, tAre, andhakAra, prakAza, tamaskAya, kRSNarAji Adi kA vrnnn| 7. gaNitazAstra- ekasaMyogI, dvikasaMyogI, trikasaMyogI, catu:saMyogI bhaMga Adi, pravezanaka rAzi saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta palyopama, sAgaropama, kAlacakra aadi| 8. garbhazAstra- garbhagata jIva ke AhAra-vihAra, nIhAra, aMgopAMga, janma ityAdi vrnnn| ___9. caritra khaNDa- zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samparka meM Ane vAle aneka tApasoM, parivrAjakoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM, zramaNoM, nirgranthoM, anyatIrthikoM, pArthApatyazramaNoM Adi ke pUrva jIvana evaM parivartanottarajIvana kA vrnnn| 10. vividha- kautUhalajanaka prazna, rAjagRha meM garma pAnI ke srota, azvadhvani, devoM kI Urdhva-adhogamana zakti, vividha vaikriya zakti ke rUpa, AzIviSa, svapna, megha, vRSTi Adi ke vrnnn| spaSTa hai ki yaha aMga graMtha sabhI prakAra ke jJAna-vijJAna ko apane meM samAhita kiye hae hai| kahIM jJAna ke kucha viSayoM ko praznottara ke mAdhyama se spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai to, kahIM kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se una para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yadyapi sampUrNa graMtha kI viSayavastu kA vivecana yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai ataH prayatnapUrvaka katipaya viSayoM kA vivecana yahA~ prastuta hai| dravya vivecana bhagavatIsUtra kA mukhya pratipAdya jIva-ajIva dravya kA vivecana hai| dravya ke mukhya do bheda- jIva-dravya va ajIva-dravya kiye gaye haiN| jIva-dravya ke svarUpa kA vistAra se vivecana huA hai| caitanya ko jIva kA abhinna lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| jIva ko nitya, kartA, zAzvata, bhoktA, svadeha parimANa mAnA hai| jIva ke svarUpa ke sAtha-sAtha usake bheda-prabheda kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| jIva ke do pramukha bheda siddha va saMsArI batAte hue saMsArI jIva ke cha: nikAya batAye haiN| pRthvIkAya Adi sthAvara jIvoM kI sthiti, AhAra, zvAsa, vedanA Adi kA vistAra se nirUpaNa huA hai| ajIva vivecana meM ajIva ke do pramukha bheda-rUpI va arUpI kiye haiN| rUpI ke cAra bheda skandha, pradeza, deza va paramANu tathA arUpI ke dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, 40 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #67
AkAzAstikAya va addhAsamaya ye cAra pramukha bheda kiye haiN| pudgala va paramANu kA prastuta graMtha meM bahuta hI vistAra se vivecana hai| pudgala kA svarUpa batAte hue use rUpI va mUrta dravya mAnA hai| graMtha meM paramANu vivecana atyanta sUkSmatA se huA hai| paramANu meM gati kI prarUpaNA karate hue kahA hai ki paramANu eka samaya meM lokAnta ke eka sire se dUsare sire taka gati kara sakatA hai| pudgala va paramANu ke sapradezatva va apradezatva, unakI zAzvatatA, AzAzvatatA, pudgala ke pariNamana, paramANu kA baMdha, pudgala kI upayogitA, pudgala ke tIna bheda- prayogapariNata, mizrapariNata va visrasApariNata tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se pudgala va paramANu kA svarUpa varNita hai| ajIva dravyoM meM pudgala ke atirikta dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya va kAla dravya ke saMbaMdha meM bhI vivecana milatA hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya tInoM ke svarUpa ko dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se samajhAyA hai| dharmAstikAya Adi arUpI dravyoM ke astitva kI saMdigdhatA kA nivAraNa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA hai ki jina vastuoM ko hama nahIM dekhate haiM to kyA unakA astitva hI nahIM hotA hai? jaise vAyu yA gaMdhayukta pudgala ko hama dekha nahIM sakate, unheM anubhava to karate haiN| unakA astitva to hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM, unakI upayogitA Adi kA vivecana bhI isa graMtha meM hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM sarvadravya ke vivecana meM kAladravya ko bhI mAnyatA dI gaI hai| kAla ke sabase choTe rUpa ko 'samaya' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai arthAt jisakA do bhAgoM meM chedana-bhedana na ho sake vaha samaya hai| spaSTa hai ki dravya vivecana meM bhagavatIsUtra meM chaH dravyoM ke svarUpa kA vistAra se nirUpaNa huA hai| isakA vistRta vivecana Age ke adhyAyoM meM kiyA jaayegaa| AcAra vivecana ___ bhagavatIsUtra meM darzana ke atirikta zramaNa-dharma va AcAra kA bhI vistAra se vivecana huA hai| sAdhvAcAra ke niyama, unake AhAra ke doSa, doSamukta bhikSAcaryA, saMyata-asaMyata anagAra Adi para sAmagrI milatI hai| zramaNa ke AhAra viSayaka doSoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki aMgAra doSa, dhUmadoSa, saMyojanAdi doSoM se AhAra dUSita ho jAtA hai ataH ina doSoM se mukta navakoTi vizuddha AhAra binA kisI Asakti ke sirpha saMyama-jIvana ke nirvAha ke lie karanA caahiye| saMvRta va asaMvRta viSayavastu 41

Page #68
anagAra kI carcA meM kahA gayA hai ki rAga-dveSa karmabaMdhana va saMsAra paribhramaNa kA pramukha kAraNa hai| 1 10 bhagavatIsUtra meM zramaNa jIvana ke pramukha sadguNoM kA pratipAdana hai / zramaNa ko vinamra honA cAhiye, usakI icchAe~ alpa honI cAhiye tathA use krodhAdi kaSAyoM se vimukta honA cAhiye / zramaNa ke AcAra ke sAtha-sAtha zramaNa jIvana kI mahimA kA pratipAdana karate hue zramaNa ke sukha ko anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM ke sukha se bhI zreSTha mAnA hai| zramaNa nirgratha ke pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgratha va snAtaka ye pA~ca mukhya prakAra batAte hue inake bheda - prabhedoM kI bhI prarUpaNA kI hai| zramaNa ko bhikSA dene se pApa-puNya yA nirjarA meM se kyA prApti hotI hai, isa viSaya para vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zramaNoM ko nirjIva va doSarahita AhAra dene vAle zramaNopAsaka ke pApakarma alpatara hote haiM tathA bahuta nirjarA hotI hai / " skandaka parivrAjaka ke prakaraNa meM zramaNa kI jIvanacaryA kA pUrA citra upasthita huA hai| skandaka muni tapa va saMyama dvArA apane zarIra ko kRza kara, eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA karake, tyAgarUpa anazana karake, AlocanA va pratikramaNa kara samAdhi prApta kara, kAla prApta karate haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM zramaNa jIvana ke pramukha AcAra 'tapa' ke do pramukha prakArabAhyatapa va Abhyantara tapa batAye haiM / bAhya va AbhyAntara tapa ke chaH chaH bhedoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pratyAkhyAna para carcA karate hue supratyAkhyAna va duSpratyAkhyAna kA varNana bhI graMtha meM hai| pratyAkhyAna kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki pratyAkhyAnarahita maraNa prApta vyakti naraka va tiryaMca yoni meM utpanna hote haiN|12 zramaNa jIvana meM jAgarUka rahate hue bhI doSa laganA svAbhAvika hai| ina doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie prAyazcita kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| prAyazcita ke lie AlocanA ko jarUrI batAyA gayA hai| AlocanA ke dasa doSoM va dasa guNoM kA vivecana bhI isa graMtha meM upalabdha hai| parISaha cintana meM 22 parISahoM kA ullekha karate hue yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki kisa karma ke udaya se kauna se parISaha utpanna hote haiN| graMtha meM jahA~ zramaNa ke AcAra-vicAra, caryA, tapa, prAyazcita, parISahoM Adi para vistAra se vicAra-vimarza huA hai, vahIM zrAvakAcAra meM bAraha vratoM, pauSadha, pratyAkhyAna Adi para bhI saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai / karmabaMdha va kriyA - vivecana jaina dharma va darzana ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta karmavAda para bhagavatIsUtra meM vizada rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / karma prakRti ke ATha bheda kiye gaye haiM 13 - bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 42

Page #69
1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma, 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma, 3. vedanIya karma, 4. mohanIya karma, 5. AyuSya karma 6. nAma karma 7. gotra karma 8. antarAya karma inake alpatva va bahutva kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 22 parISahoM ke vivecana meM kauna sI karma prakRti se kauna sA parISaha utpanna hotA hai, isakA nirUpaNa hai| prastuta graMtha meM karmoM kA kartA va bhoktA jIva ko hI mAnA hai| jIva apane svakRta karmoM ko bhogatA hai parakRta karmoM ko nhiiN| cUMki karma jIva dvArA AtmakRta hote haiM ataH una kRta karmoM kA phala bhoge binA nAraka, manuSya, tiryaMca yA deva ko mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| karma ke bandhana para vicAra karate hue graMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki tInoM veda vAle, saMyata, asaMyata, saMyatAsaMyata sabhI karma bAMdhate haiN| kintu, siddha puruSa karma kA bandhana nahIM karate haiN| karma hI vyakti ke bandhana kA mukhya kAraNa hai| karmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva vividha gatiyoM yathA naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya athavA deva gati ko prApta hotA hai| prathama zataka ke tRtIya uddezaka meM kAMkSAmohanIya karma para vistAra se vivecana hai| kAMkSAmohanIya karmabaMdha ke kAraNa kI paramparA, udIraNA, gardA; vedanA tathA zramaNoM va caubIsa daNDakoM meM kAMkSAmohanIya karma-vedana kA nirUpaNa isa uddezaka kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| kAMkSAmohanIya karmavivecana se yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki mohanIya karma ke udaya se jIva apakramaNa karatA hai arthAt uttama guNasthAna se hIna guNasthAna para AtA hai| ise spaSTa karate hue Age samajhAyA gayA hai ki mohanIya karma kA udaya hone para jIva ko jinendra devoM dvArA prarUpita tathya nahIM rucate haiM aura vaha apakramaNa karatA hai| karma vivecana ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavatIsUtra meM kriyA ke pA~ca prakAroM kA bhI ullekha hai15 - 1. kAyikI, 2. adhikaraNikI, 3. prAdveSikI, 4. paritApanikI, 5. prANAtipAtikI zramaNanigraMthoM ko lagane vAlI kriyA ke kAraNoM kI vivecanA karate hue zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki pramAda ke kAraNa va yoga ke nimitta se zramaNa nigraMthoM ko kriyA lagatI hai aura isI kAraNa vedanA hotI hai| sakriya jIva mukta nahIM hotA hai| mukti prApti ke lie jIva ko niSkriya bananA par3atA hai| antakriyA (mokSa) kI vivecanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kriyA rahita jIva AraMbha, sAraMbha, samAraMbha nahIM viSayavastu 43

Page #70
karatA hai ataH vaha anya prANiyoM ko duHkha nahIM pahu~cAtA hai, usake pApakarma usI prakAra naSTa ho jAte haiM jaise sUkhI ghAsa agni meM DAlane para jalakara bhasma ho jAtI hai| sAtaveM zataka ke prathama uddezaka meM ullekhita hai ki jina vyaktiyoM meM kaSAya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, unheM sAmparAyika kriyA lagatI hai tathA jinameM kaSAya kA abhAva hotA hai, unheM IryApathika kriyA lagatI hai| prastuta Agama meM karmabandha hone kI kAraNabhUta ceSTA rUpa kriyA para vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| kaSAya kA abhAva hone para yadi kisI prANI kI hiMsA bhI ho jAtI hai to IryApathika kriyA hI lagatI hai| isa prakAra bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se karmabaMdha va kriyA kI vivecanA isameM kI gaI hai| karmabaMdha ke sAtha karmoM kI nirjarA kA bhI bhagavatIsUtra meM vivecana milatA hai| sakAma nirjarA kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai- 'zramaNa sakAma nirjarA se karmoM ko zIghra naSTa kara detA hai jabaki nairayika jIva mahAvedanA kA anubhava karake bhI mahAnirjarA vAlA nahIM hotA hai|' loka-paraloka viSayaka vivecana __ bhagavatIsUtra meM loka va paraloka donoM para hI carcA kI gaI hai| prastuta grantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne paMcAstikAya loka vyavasthA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ye pA~ca astikAya haiM - dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya loka ke svarUpa ko dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se spaSTa kiyA hai| kSetraloka kI dRSTi se loka ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM (1) adholoka (2) tiryagloka (3) uurdhvlok| ina tInoM loka ke AkAra kA alaga-alaga vivecana karate hue sampUrNa loka ke AkAra ko 'trizarAvasampuTAkAra' batAyA hai| isake atirikta aSTavidha loka-sthiti, loka kI vizAlatA, loka kA madhya bhAga, aloka kA AkAra, loka-aloka meM jIva kI prarUpaNA Adi viSayoM para vivecana kiyA gayA hai| loka vivecana meM bharatAdi kSetra, karmabhUmika, akarmabhUmika kSetra, vahA~ rahane vAle prANiyoM kI gati, lezyA, karmabaMdha Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| paraloka vivecana meM devalokoM va narakoM tathA unameM rahane vAle prANiyoM kI sthiti, Ayu Adi para carcA milatI hai| devoM ke cAra bhedoM meM bhavanapati, vANavyantara, jyotiSka va vaimAnika devoM kA ullekha hai| nAraka bhUmiyoM ke sAta prakAra batAye haiM1. ratnaprabhA 2. zarkarAprabhA 3. bAlukAprabhA 4. paMkaprabhA 5. dhUmaprabhA 6. tamaprabhA 7. mahAtama prabhA 44 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #71
ina sAtoM nAraka bhUmiyoM va unameM rahane vAle naraka ke jIvoM kI sthiti, lezyA, AhAra, karmabaMdha, Ayu para vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| nairayikoM kI sthiti jaghanya dasa hajAra varSa va utkRSTa tetIsa sAgaropama kI batAI hai| nairayikoM kA AhAra do prakAra kA batAyA hai (1) Abhoganirvartita (khAne kI buddhi se kiyA jAne vAlA) (2) anAbhoganirvartita (AhAra kI icchA ke binA bhI kiyA jAne vaalaa)| paraloka khaNDa meM siddha ke svarUpa kA bhI vivecana milatA hai| siddhoM meM Urdhva gati kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai|7 kathAnaka prakaraNa prastuta graMtha meM kaI prakaraNa kathAnaka zailI meM likhe gaye haiN| ina kathAnakoM meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samparka meM Ane vAle tApasoM, parivrAjakoM, zramaNoM tathA anya darzanoM ke matAvalambI yathA gozAlaka, jamAli Adi ke pUrvajIvana evaM uttara jIvana kA varNana huA hai| inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai jamAli-(9.33) jamAli kSatriyakuNDagrAma meM vaibhava va bhogapUrNa jIvanayApana karane vAlA kSatriya kumAra thaa| vaha nagara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke padArpaNa kA samAcAra sunakara darzana hetu vahA~ jAtA hai| mahAvIra ke pravacana sunakara use vairAgya ho jAtA hai| bahuta hI prayatnapUrvaka mAtA-pitA se anumati prApta kara dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai| kucha samaya bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AjJA lie binA hI vaha 500 zramaNoM ke sAtha anyatra vihAra kara jAtA hai| ugra tapa evaM nIrasa AhAra ke kAraNa usake zarIra meM pittajvara ho jAtA hai| kisI samaya bichaunA bichAte hue zramaNoM dvArA yaha kahane para ki 'bichaunA bichA nahIM, bichAyA jA rahA hai' jamAli bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa siddhAnta ke viruddha ho jAtA hai ki 'calamAna calita nahIM hai, acalita hai|' isake pazcAt svastha va hRSTapuSTa hokara jamAli campAnagarI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara apane kevalI hone kA dAvA karatA hai| taba gautama gaNadhara usase 'loka va jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata' ye do prazna pUchate haiN| jamAli mauna ho jAtA hai| taba bhagavAn mahAvIra use loka va jIva kI zAzvatatA va azAzvatatA donoM samajhAte haiN| phira bhI jamAli bhagavAn kI bAta para zraddhA na karatA huA vahA~ se calA jAtA hai| zramaNa paryAya kA pAlana karatA huA kilviSika devarUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| isake pazcAt jamAli ke bhaviSya ke pA~ca bhavoM kA varNana va anta meM siddha-buddha-mukta hone kA ullekha huA hai| viSayavastu

Page #72
gozAlaka- (15.1) bhagavatIsUtra ke 15veM zataka meM AjIvika sampradAya ke saMsthApaka gozAlaka kA jIvana caritra varNita hai| gozAlaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chadmastha avasthA meM hI prArthanA kara unakA ziSya bana jAtA hai| vaha cirakAla taka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtha vicaraNa karatA hai| eka dina vaha tila ke paudhe ke bhaviSya ko lekara bhagavAn ko mithyAtvI siddha karane kA prayatna karatA hai lekina saphala nahIM hotA hai| tadantara vaizyAnana bAlatapasvI ke sAtha cher3achAr3a karane para vaizyAnana kupita hokara usa para tejolezyA chor3a dete haiM taba bhagavAn dvArA usa tejolezyA kA zamana kiyA jAtA hai| tejolezyA kI vidhi jAnane ke kucha samaya pazcAt hI gozAlaka bhagavAn se pRthak vicaraNa karane lagatA hai aura chaH mAsa meM hI tejolezyA prApta kara vaha svayaM ko 'jina' zabda se prasiddha karane lagatA hai| bhagavAn dvArA use 'ajina' kahane para kruddha gozAlaka tejolezyA dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ko mArane kA prayAsa karatA hai, lekina vaha tejolezyA usI ke lie ghAtaka siddha hotI hai| apane antima samaya meM gozAlaka ko samyaktva utpanna hotA hai| isake pazcAt ke kathAnaka meM usake bhAvI bhavoM va anta meM mokSa prApti kA varNana huA hai| zivarAjarSi kA kathAnaka- (11.9) rAjA ziva hastinApura ke rAjA the| eka dina apanI apAra samRddhi ko pUrvakRta puNyoM kA phala mAnakara navIna puNyopArjana karane ke uddezya se apane putra kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara dizAprokSakatApasapravrajyA grahaNa kara lete haiN| nirantara bele bele kI tapazcaryA se dikcakravAla kA prokSaNa karane se eka dina unheM vibhaMga jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura ve yaha ghoSaNA karate haiM ki isa vizva meM sAta dvIpa va sAta samudra hI haiN| Age dvIpoM va samudroM kA abhAva hai|' taba zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA isa mAnyatA kA khaMDana kara asaMkhyadvIpa va asaMkhya samudra kI prarUpaNA kI jAtI hai| bhagavAn kI mAnyatA sunakara zivarAjarSi ke ajJAna kA pardA haTa jAtA hai| ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa Akara dharmopadeza sunakara pravrajyA grahaNa karate haiN| gyAraha aMga zAstroM Adi kA adhyayana karate hue aMta meM siddha pada ko prApta karate haiN| rAja udAyana kA kathAnaka- (13.6) rAjA udAyana vitibhaya nagara ke rAjA the| eka dina zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nagara meM padhArane para rAjA udAyana apane putra kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkAra karane kI bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 46

Page #73
icchA vyakta karate haiN| kintu, rAste meM unheM yaha vicAra AtA hai ki putra abhIci kumAra ko rAjya denA usake lie akalyANakArI hogaa| kAma bhogoM se mUrcchita hokara vaha isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rhegaa| ataH ve apane putra ko rAjya na sauMpakara apane bhAnaje kezI kumAra ko rAjya sauMpa dete haiN| isake pazcAt rAjA udAyana saMyama va tapa se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue aMta meM mokSa pada ko prApta karate haiN| idhara abhIci kumAra pitA ke isa nirNaya se apane ko apamAnita mahasUsa karatA hai| eka dina vaha vitibhaya nagara ko chor3akara campA nagarI meM kUNika rAjA ke pAsa Azraya grahaNa kara vahIM rahane lagatA hai| abhIci kumAra bahuta varSoM taka zramaNopAsaka paryAya kA pAlana karatA huA antima samaya meM saMlekhanA maraNa prApta karatA hai| kintu, udAyana rAjA ke prati vaira ke anubaMdha se yukta hone ke kAraNa asurakumAra deva banatA hai| isake pazcAt Age bhavoM meM usake siddha-buddhamukta hone kA varNana huA hai| mahAbala kA kathAnaka- (11.11) bhagavAn mahAvIra sudarzana zreSThI ko yaha kathAnaka sunAte haiM- 'hastinApura ke rAjA bala va rAnI prabhAvatI ke putra mahAbala kumAra kA lAlana pAlana bar3e lAr3a pyAra se hotA hai| yuvA hone para ATha kanyAoM se unakA vivAha kiyA jAtA hai| dharmaghoSa anagAra ke hastinApura padhArane para mahAbala kumAra unase dharmadezanA sunane jAte haiN| vahIM unheM vairAgya ho jAtA hai| mAtA-pitA ke bahuta Agraha para ve eka dina ke lie rAjyAbhiSeka karavAte haiN| bAraha varSa zramaNa paryAya kA pAlana kara deva yoni meM utpanna hote haiN|' isake pazcAt ve zreSThIkula meM sudarzana ke rUpa meM utpanna hote haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAMta sunakara sudarzana zreSThI zramaNa paryAya kA pAlana kara anta meM sarva duHkhoM kA anta karate haiN| IzAnendra- (3.1) bhagavatIsUtra meM tRtIya zataka meM IzAnendra kA prakaraNa varNita hai| vaha mahAvIra ke rAjagRha meM padhArane para 32 prakAra ke nATaka karatA hai| taba gaNadhara gautama dvArA pUchane para bhagavAn mahAvIra batAte hai ki yaha divya devaRddhi use sATha hajAra varSa kI kaThora tapasyA se prApta huI hai| pUrvabhava meM vaha tAmalI nAmaka tApasa thaa| lekina usakI sAdhanA viveka ke Aloka meM nahIM huI isalie vaha IzAnendra huA anyathA use mokSa kI prApti ho jaatii| atimukta kumAra kA kathAnaka- (5.4) atimukta kumAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ke sabase laghu zramaNa the| eka dina nAle ke bahate pAnI meM pAtroM kI naukA viSayavastu

Page #74
bahAkara krIr3A karane lagate haiN| unheM aisA karate dekhakara anya sthavira mahAvIra bhagavAn ke pAsa Akara unakI mukti ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karate haiN| taba bhagavAn mahAvIra unheM batAte haiM ki yaha kumAra isI bhava meM mokSa prApta kregaa| taba sabhI sthavira unake prati glAna bhAva chor3akara unakI sevAzuzrUSA meM laga jAte haiN| devAnandA- (9.33) bhagavatIsUtra ke naveM zataka ke 33veM adhyAya meM devAnandA brAhmaNI kA kathAnaka varNita huA hai| devAnandA brAhmaNI kuNDagrAma ke nivAsI RSabhadatta kI patnI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra jaba brAhmaNakuNDagrAma meM padhArate haiM to devAnandA RSabhadatta ke sAtha unake darzana ke lie jAtI hai| vahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ko dekhakara atyanta romAMcita ho jAtI hai, usakI mAtRvatsalatA umar3a par3atI hai tathA usake netra azruoM se bhIga jAte haiN| taba bhagavAn mahAvIra yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki devAnandA brAhmaNI merI mAtA hai ataH pUrva-putrasnehAnurAgavaza unakI yaha sthiti huI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dharmazravaNa se prabhAvita hokara RSabhadatta va devAnandA donoM pati-patnI dIkSA aMgIkAra karate hai aura saMyama va tapa kA paripAlana karate hue anta meM mokSa prApta karate haiN| jayantI zrAvikA- (12.2) jayantI zrAvikA kauzAmbI ke rAjA sahastrAnIka kI putrI va rAjA zatAnIka kI bahana thii| vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI mRgAvatI inakI bhAbhI thii| jayantI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAdhuoM ko zayyA (sthAna) dene ke lie prasiddha thii| graMtha meM use jIva-ajIva Adi tattvoM kA jJAtA batAyA gayA hai| eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kauzAmbI padhArane para jayantI apanI bhaujAI mRgAvatI ke sAtha unake darzana karane jAtI hai, vahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra se aneka prazna karatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA anekAnta zailI meM unakA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra se apane praznoM ke uttara prApta kara jayantI atyanta prabhAvita va saMtuSTa hotI hai| anta meM zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kara saMyama va tapa kI sAdhanA kara mukti prApta karatI hai| isake atirikta somila brAhmaNa (18.10), mudgala parivrAjaka (11.12), kAlAsyavezI (1.9) Adi ke prakaraNa bhI kathAnaka zailI meM varNita haiN| zatakoM ke anusAra viSayavastu bhagavatIsUtra meM 41 zataka haiM tathA pratyeka zataka aneka uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai| ina zatakoM meM varNita viSaya bikhare hue haiN| koI bhI viSaya kisI bhI zataka meM vyavasthita DhaMga se nirUpita nahIM hai| vistArabhaya se sabhI 41 zatakoM kI viSayavastu 48 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #75
yahA~ denA saMbhava nahIM hai ataH katipaya zatakoM kI viSayavastu prastuta kI jA rahI hai| pahalA zataka- pahale zataka meM dasa uddezaka haiN| sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNake pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra va gautama gaNadhara kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt 'calamANe calite' se praznottara prAraMbha hote haiN| isa zataka meM calita Adi nau prazna, caubIsa daMDakoM kI sthiti, AhAra, zvAsa Adi kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| pRthvIkAyAdi sthAvara jIvoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIvana, zvAsa, AhAra, saMjJA va caitanya ke vikAsa Adi ko samajhAyA hai| pRthvIkAyAdi sthAvara jIva pratipala pratikSaNa AhAra karate haiN| inameM caitanya sparzendriya dvArA prakaTa hotA hai| isI zataka meM kAMkSAmohanIya karma, mokSa, sUryodaya va asta ke avakAza, roha ke prazra, lokasthiti, jIva pudgala kA saMbaMdha, jIva ke laghutva va gurutva kI dhAraNA, garbhastha jIva ke AhAra, prAsuka va eSaNIya AhAra kA phala Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA zataka- dUsare zataka meM dasa uddezaka haiN| sarvaprathama ekendriyAdi jIvoM kA varNana huA hai| isake pazcAt skandaka parivrAjaka ke prakaraNa meM skandaka parivrAjaka ke lokAdi ke saMbaMdha meM prazna, bhagavAn dvArA samAdhAna, skandaka kI pravrajyA va usakI tapasyA, taMgikA ke zrAvakoM ke sAtha pArthApatyoM ke praznottara, sAta-samudghAta, bhASA, caramendra kI sabhA Adi kA varNana hai| isa zataka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paMcAstikAya kI prarUpaNA kI hai| yathA- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya va pudglaastikaay| ina pA~coM astikAyoM ke svarUpa kA varNana dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| tIsarA zataka- tIsare zataka meM tAmalI tApasa kI utkRSTa tapasyA aura usase hone vAlI divya upalabdhiyoM kA varNana hai| isa zataka meM kriyAoM ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM- kAyikI, adhikaraNikI, prAdveSikI, pAritApanikI aura prANAtipAtikI kriyaa| punaH inake do-do prabheda kiye haiN| lokapAla va unake vimAnoM ke nAma, bhavanapati, vANavyantara, jyotiSka va vaimAnika ina devoM ke adhipatiyoM, caramendra se lekara acyutendra taka kI pariSad Adi kA bhI varNana hai| cauthA zataka- bhagavatIsUtra kA cauthA zataka atyaMta saMkSipta hai| isameM IzAnendra ke cAra lokapAloM ke vimAnoM kA ullekha karate hue soma mahArAja ke 'sumana' nAmaka mahAvimAna kA vistRta varNana huA hai| IzAnendra ke lokapAloM kI rAjadhAniyoM, nairayikoM kI utpatti va lezyAoM ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pA~cavA zataka- khagola vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha zataka mahattvapUrNa hai| viSayavastu

Page #76
isameM jambUdvIpa meM vibhinna dizAoM-vidizAoM se sUrya ke udaya-asta kI evaM dina-rAtri kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| cauthe uddezaka meM chadmastha aura kevalI kI zabda zravaNa saMbaMdhI sImA, hAsya-utsukatA, nidrA, pracalA Adi kA vivecana hai| isI uddezaka meM harinaigameSI dvArA garbhApaharaNa kI ghaTanA kA ullekha hai| isa zataka meM atimuktakumAra kA saMkSipta jIvana caritra bhI varNita hai| atimuktakumAra dvArA pAnI meM naukA tairAne kI bAlaceSTA ke prasaMga para bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA sthavira muniyoM kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki atimuktakumAra muni isI bhava meM mokSa prApta kreNge| pA~cavAM uddezaka aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM isa avasarpiNI kAla meM hue kulakaroM, tIrthaMkaroM Adi zlAkA puruSoM kA vivecana huA hai| sAtaveM uddezaka meM paramANu va skandha saMbaMdhI vivecana hai| kAla kI apekSA se paramANu kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki paramANu pudgala jaghanya eka samaya taka rahatA hai, utkRSTa asaMkhyakAla taka rahatA hai| usake bAda usameM avazya parivartana hotA hai| AThaveM uddezaka meM nigraMtha putra anagAra evaM nArada putra anagAra ke bIca saMvAda kA varNana hai| chaThA zataka- chaThe zataka meM vedanA kA nirUpaNa karate hue jIvoM meM mahAvedanA va alpanirjarA tathA alpavedanA va mahAnirjarA ko dRSTAMtoM dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai| abaMdha, jIva ke pratyAkhyAnI, apratyAkhyAnI hone Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| Age tamaskAya ke teraha nAma, ATha kRSNarAjiyA~, sAta naraka pRthviyoM, aupamika kAla ke do prakAra palyopama va sAgaropama, lavaNAdi asaMkhyAt-dvIpa-samudroM kA svarUpa va pramANa, karmAdi kA varNana hai| isI zataka meM caitanya ko jIva se abhinna batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva caitanya svarUpa hai tathA jo caitanya hai vaha bhI nizcita rUpa se jIva hai| __sAtavAM zataka- sAtaveM zataka meM dasa uddezaka haiN| isa zataka meM loka ke saMsthAna kA nirUpaNa karate hue use supratiSThika AkAra kA batAyA hai| isake pazcAt zramaNopAzraya meM baiThakara sAmAyika karane vAle zramaNopAsakoM ko lagane vAlI kriyA, aticAra, siddha jIvoM meM Urdhva gati, supratyAkhyAnI va duSpratyAkhyAnI ke svarUpa kA varNana hai| isa zataka meM vanaspati-kAyika jIvoM para vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AlU, mUlI Adi vanaspatiyoM ko ananta jIva vAlI batAyA hai| saMsArI jIva ke cha: bheda khecara ke tIna bheda, jIvoM ke sAtAvedanIya va asAtAvedanIya karmabaMdha, chaThe Are meM bhAratavarSa ke AcAra, AkAra, bhAratavarSa ke 50 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #77
manuSyoM ke AcAra, bhAvoM va AhAra kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI zataka meM 'jIva svadeha parimANa hai', isa siddhAnta ko mAnyatA dete hue hAthI va kunthue meM samAna jIvatva (caitanya) kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha zataka aitihAsika va rAjanaitika dRSTi se atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| mahAvIrakAlIna lar3e gaye do yuddhoM mahAzilAkaNTakasaMgrAma tathA rathamUsalasaMgrAma kA varNana tathA usa yuddha se hone vAle nAza kA varNana bhI isa zataka meM upalabdha hai| navAM zataka- isa zataka meM cautIsa uddezaka haiN| bhagavatIsUtra kA navAM zataka bhaugolika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| prathama uddezaka meM jambUdvIpaprajJapti kA atideza karake jambUdvIpa kA svarUpa, AkAra, lambAI-caur3AI, usameM sthiti bharata-airAvata Adi kSetra tathA usameM bahane vAlI hajAroM choTI-bar3I nadiyoM kA saMkSipta ullekha huA hai| uddezaka saMkhyA tIna se tIsaveM taka jambUdvIpa ke antargata merugiri ke dakSiNa meM sthita ekoruka arntadvIpa ke svarUpa Adi kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| battIsavAM uddezaka gaNita kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| pArkhApatya anagAra gAMgeya kI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha carcA va anta meM cAturyAma dharma ke badale paMcamahAvrata rUpa dharma ko aMgIkAra karane kA ullekha huA hai| tetIsaveM uddezaka meM RSabhadatta brAhmaNa aura devAnandA brAhmaNI dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzana, vandana, pravrajyA va mokSa prApti kA varNana hai| isI zataka meM kSatriya rAjakumAra jamAli kA kathAnaka bhI varNita hai| jamAli ke kathAnaka meM usake bhogamaya jIvana se lekara vairAgyadhAraNa karane taka kI yAtrA kA vistAra se nirUpaNa huA hai| isa uddezaka meM jamAli kA bhagavAn mahAvIra se virodha, jamAli kI virAdhakatA kA phala va anta meM usake siddha-buddha hone kA ullekha huA hai| cautIsavAM uddezaka jIva-vijJAna kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isa uddezaka meM pRthvIkAyika Adi sthAvara jIvoM meM zvAsa kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| bArahavAM zataka- bArahaveM zataka meM dasa uddezaka haiN| sarvaprathama isa zataka meM zaMkha, puSpakalI Adi zramaNopAsakoM ke sAmUhika pauSadha kI taiyArI, zaMkha zramaNopAsaka dvArA AhAra tyAga-pauSadha kA nirNaya, vividha jAgarikA, zaMkha kI mukti Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yaha zataka tattvacarcA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| jayantI zrAvikA dvArA kiye gaye aneka praznoM tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA anekAMta zailI meM diye gaye uttaroM kA isameM vivecana huA hai| sAta naraka pRthviyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa zataka meM bhinna-bhinna mAtrA meM paramANuoM ke viSayavastu

Page #78
saMyoga-viyoga kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| do paramANuoM se lekara ananta paramANuoM ke saMyoga va vibhAga kI bhaMgoM ke dvArA nirUpaNA hai / paramANu pudgala ke saMghAta bheda se hone vAle sAta prakAra ke pudgala parivartto kI vivecanA hai / aThAraha pApasthAnoM, avakAzAntara, tanuvAta - ghanavAta- ghanodadhi, pRthvI, dharmAstikAya se lekara addhAsamaya taka meM varNAdi kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai / khagola vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha zataka vizeSa rUpa se paThanIya hai| 'rAhu candramA ko grasa letA hai' isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue candragrahaNa ke kAraNa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| sUrya ko 'Aditya' va candramA ko 'zazi' kahane ke kAraNoM, sUrya-candra ke kAmabhogoM, loka kA parimANa, devoM ke pA~ca prakAra - bhavyadravyadeva, naradeva, dharmadeva, devAdhideva va bhAvadeva kA vivecana hai / isa zataka ke antima uddezaka meM AtmA ke - dravyAtmA, kaSAyAtmA, yoga-AtmA, upayoga-AtmA, jJAna- AtmA, darzana - AtmA, cAritraAtmA, vIryAtmA, ina ATha bhedoM kA ullekha hai / sattarahavAM zataka - isa zataka meM sattaraha uddezaka haiM, jinameM jIvoM se saMbaMdhita AdhyAtmavijJAna kI vizada vicAraNA kI gaI hai| prathama uddezaka meM kUNika rAjA ke udAyI aura bhUtAnanda nAmaka hAthiyoM kI bhAvI gati tathA mokSa prApti kA varNana huA hai / dvitIya uddezaka meM kriyAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai sAtha hI AtmA ke audayika Adi chaH bhAvoM kA varNana hai| dharmI, adharmI aura dharmAdharmI kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisane prANAtipAta Adi pApa karmoM kA pUrNa pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai vaha dharmI hai, jisane pApakarma kA pratyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA hai vaha adharmI hai aura jisane kucha kiyA hai, kucha nahIM kiyA hai vaha dharmA-dharmI hai / isI prakAra jIva ke bAla, paNDita va bAlapaNDita bheda kiye haiM / jIva ke karmoM ko tathA vedana ko AtmakRta batAte hue jIva meM kartA va bhoktA bhAva ko spaSTa kiyA hai| pA~caveM uddezaka meM IzAnendra kI sudharmAsabhA kA sundara varNana hai / bArahaveM uddezaka meM ekendriya jIvoM meM AhAra, zvAsocchavAsa, AyuSya, zarIra Adi kI samAnatAasamAnatA tathA unameM pAI jAne vAlI lezyAoM kA varNana huA hai| terahaveM se sattarahaveM uddezaka meM nAgakumAra, suvarNakumAra Adi devoM ke viSaya meM vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra huA hai| 1 bIsavAM zataka - bIsaveM zataka meM dasa uddezaka haiM / sarvaprathama vikalendriya va paMcendriya jIvoM meM AhAra, lezyA, zarIra Adi kA vivecana huA hai| astikAyoM vivecana meM dharmAstikAyAdi pA~ca astikAyoM ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 52

Page #79
ullekha hai / AtmA kI paryAyoM va unake pariNamana kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki prANAtipAta Adi 18 pApasthAna, tIna yoga, upayoga, bala, vIrya Adi sabhI AtmA kI paryAyeM haiM va AtmA ke sivAya anyatra kahIM pariNamana nahIM karatI haiM / isa zataka meM baMdha ke tIna bheda- jIva prayogabaMdha, anantarabaMdha, paramparabaMdha karate hue caubIsa daNDakoM meM unakI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| bhUmi vivecana meM pandraha karmabhUmiyA~ va tIsa akarmabhUmiyA~ batAI gaI haiM tathA akarmabhUmi va karmabhUmi ke vividha kSetroM meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla ke sadbhAva va abhAva kA nirUpaNa, caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma, pUrvazruta kI avicchinnatA, antima tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha kI avicchinnatA kI kAlAvadhi Adi kA nirUpaNa huA hai / paccIsavAM zataka - paccIsaveM zataka meM bAraha uddezaka haiM / yaha zataka bahuta vistRta hai / sarvaprathama lezyA va yoga kI apekSA jIvoM kA alpatva - bahutva, jIva caudaha bheda, yoga ke pandraha prakAra, dravya ke bheda-prabheda, jIva va ajIva dravya kI anaMtatA va asaMkhyeya loka meM ananta dravyoM kI sthiti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / saMsthAna ke cha: bheda, dvAdazavidha gaNi-piTakoM kA nirdeza, chaH dravya, kauna kisase alpa, bahuta, tulya yA vizeSAdhika hai, paramANu se ananta pradezI skandhoM kI sakaMpatA - niSkampatA, nigoda ke jIva tathA AtmA ke audayika Adi chaH bhAvoM kA varNana huA hai| paccIsaveM zataka ke chaThe uddezaka meM nirgranthoM ke prakAra unameM veda, rAga, kalpa, caritra, jJAna, lezyA Adi chattIsa pahaluoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isa zataka meM zramaNa ke AcAra kA vistAra se vivecana huA hai / prAyazcita dvAra meM dasa pratisevanA, AlocanA ke dasa doSa, dasa AlocanA yogya vyakti, dasa samAcArI, dasa prAyazcita aura bAraha prakAra ke tapa ke bhedoM kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| isake pazcAt anta meM samucayabhavya, abhavya, samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi Adi nAraka jIvoM kI utpatti Adi ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tIsavAM zataka - isa zataka meM gyAraha uddezaka haiM jinameM cAra samavasaraNoM kA varNana hai 1. kriyAvAdI, 2. akriyAvAdI, 3. ajJAnavAdI, 4. vinayavAdI Age ke uddezakoM meM inake AyuSya baMdha, bhavyatva - abhavyatva Adi kA varNana huA hai| kula milAkara gyAraha uddezakoM meM vibhinna pahaluoM se kriyAvAdI Adi kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai / tetIsavA~ zataka- tetIsaveM zataka meM bAraha avAntara zataka haiM, jinheM bAraha ekendriya zataka ke nAma se kahA gayA hai / isa zataka meM kula 124 uddezaka haiM / viSayavastu 53

Page #80
pahale ekendriya zataka ke pahale uddezaka meM ekendriya ke pRthvI, ap, tejasa, vAyu aura vanaspati ye pA~ca bheda aura unake upabheda batAte hue unake karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandhana, vedana aura zeSa dasa uddezakoM meM kramazaH anantaropapanna ekendriya, paramparopapanna ekendriya, anantarAvagAr3ha va paramparAvagAr3ha paMcakAya, anaMtara paryApta paMcakAya, parampara paryApta paMcakAya, anantarAhAraka aura paramparAhAraka paMcakAya, carama aura acarama paMcakAya Adi kA sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya ekendriya (avAntara ) zataka meM kRSNalezyI, nIlalezyI, kApotalezyI, bhavasiddhika, kRSNalezyAyukta bhavasiddhika ekendriya, nIlalezyA, kApotalezyA ke sAtha abhavasiddhika ekendriya, kRSNalezyI, nIlalezyI aura kApotalezyI ekendriya abhavya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / paiMtIsa se cAlIsa zataka- paiMtIsa se cAlIsa taka ke chaH zataka mahAyugma zataka haiN| inameM samasta jIvoM kI vividhatAoM aura vizeSatAoM kA sUkSma vivecana hai / ina zatakoM meM ekendriya se lekara saMjJI - paMcendriya taka ke mahAyugmoM kI utpatti, Ayu, gati, Agati, parimANa, apahAra, avagAhanA, karmaprakRtibandhakaabandhaka, vedaka-avedaka, udayavAn-anudayavAn, udIraka-anudIraka, lezyA, dRSTi, jJAna-ajJAna, yoga, upayoga, varNAdi cAra, zvAsocchvAsa, AhAraka - anAhAraka, virata-avirata, kriyAyukta - kriyArahita Adi padoM kA 16 prakAra ke mahAyugmoM kI dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| ikatAlIsavAM zataka - ikatAlIsaveM zataka meM 116 uddezaka haiM / prathama uddezaka meM rAziyugma ke 4 bheda haiM / una bhedoM ke hetu, kRtayugma rAzi pramANa 24 daMDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta, sAntara - nirantara upapAta kI paddhati, hetu, AtmA kA asaMyama Adi kA varNana karane ke bAda salezyA aura sakriya AtmA, asaMyamI aura kriyArahita kI siddhi prabhRti viSayoM para vizleSaNa kiyA hai / saMdarbha 1. 'pariyammaM cadaM - sUra - jaMbUdIva - dIvasAyara - viyAhapaNattibheeNaM paMcaviha' kaSAyapAhuDa (bhAga -1), pR. 120-121 samavAyAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 526-527, pR. 179 naMdIsUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, sUtra 87, pR. 179 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.20, pR. 73 kaSAyapAhuDa (bhAga-1), pR. 114 vyA. sU. (bhAga-4), muni madhukara, prastAvanA, pR. 19 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 54 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #81
7. 8. 9. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. vyA. sU. (bhAga-1), muni madhukara, prastAvanA, pR. 16-17 vyA. sU. 16.8.13 vahI, 25.4.8 vahI, 1.1.11 vahI, 8.6.2 vahI, 7.9.13 vahI, 1.4.1, 8.10.31 vahI, 1.4.5 vahI, 3.3.2 vahI, 13.4.23 vahI, 7.1.11-13 viSayavastu 55

Page #82
bhagavatIsUtra kA mahattva ardhamAgadhI jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhagavatIsUtra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| naMdIsUtra' meM isakI mahattA ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vyAkhyAprajJapti kA adhyetA tadAtmarUpa evaM jJAtA-vijJAtA bana jAtA hai| Aja vijJAna kI aneka zAkhAoM ne jIvana ke hara kSetra meM naye-naye rahasyoM kA udghATana kiyA hai, kintu agara isa Agama ko gaharAI se dekheM to hameM aisA pratIta hotA hai, mAno ina sabhI rahasyoM kA udghATana zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavatIsUtra ke mAdhyama se bahuta pahale hI kara diyA thaa| prastuta graMtha meM na kevala loka-paraloka, tattvavidyA yA AcAra kA cintana huA hai apitu vijJAna, manovijJAna va sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko bhI yaha apane meM samAhita kiye hue hai| ise vidvAnoM dvArA jJAna kA mahAsAgara va zAstrarAja kahakara sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA mUla nAma 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' hai, kintu apanI vizAlatA va mahattva ke kAraNa jana-sAmAnya meM ati AdaraNIya yaha graMtha bhagavatI ke nAma se prasiddha huA hai| 'iyaM ca bhagavatItyapi puujytvenaabhidhiiyte|' samavAyAMga meM isake mahattva ko batAte hue kahA hai ki 'dravya, guNa, kSetra, kAla, paryAya, pradezaparimANa, yathAsthiti-bhAva, anugama, nikSepa, naya, pramANa, sunipuNa-upakramoM ke vividha prakAroM ke dvArA prakaTa rUpa se prakAzita karane vAle, lokAloka ke prakAzaka, vistRta saMsAra-samudra se pAra utArane meM samartha, indroM dvArA saMpUjita, bhavyajanapadoM ke hRdayoM ko abhinandita karane vAle, tamoraja kA vidhvaMsa karane vAle, sudRSTa dIpaka svarUpa, IhA, mati aura buddhi ko bar3hAne vAle pUre chattIsa hajAra vyAkaraNoM (praznottaroM) ko dikhAne se yaha vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtrArtha ke aneka prakAroM kA prakAzaka hai, ziSyoM kA hitakAraka hai aura guNoM se mahAn artha se paripUrNa hai|' tattvavijJAna, AcAra vijJAna, jIva vijJAna, rAjanaitika vijJAna, Arthika vivecana, dharma-darzana Adi vividha viSayoM ko samAhita karane vAlA yaha graMtha niHsandeha 56 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #83
Adhunika jagata ke lie bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizAla dharohara ko udghATita karane meM sakSama hai| dharma-darzana kA pramukha graMtha hote hue bhI bhAratIya samAja va saMskRti ke kaI tathya isameM ujAgara hue haiN| isa graMtha kI sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA isameM varNita viSayoM kA Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM upayogI honA hai| isameM kaI aise viSaya vivecita haiM, jinakA Aja ke vijJAna va manovijJAna ke sAtha gaharA sambandha pratIta hotA hai| yadyapi gahana va vizada viSayavastu vAle isa graMtha kA mUlyAMkana karanA kaThina kArya hai tathApi nimnAMkita binduoM ke AdhAra para isakI upayogitA va mahattva ko saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| maMgalAcaraNa graMtha kA prAraMbha maMgala pATha se kiyA gayA hai| maMgala vAkyoM ke rUpa meM namo arihNtaannN| namo siddhaannN| namo aayriyaannN| namo uvjjhaayaannN| namo loe svvsaahuunnN| namo baMbhIe liviie| - (1.1.1) kA prayoga huA hai| isa maMgalAcaraNa ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue madhukara muni ne likhA hai ki isakI zakti amogha hai, isakA prabhAva acintya hai| isakI sAdhanA va ArAdhanA se laukika va lokottara sabhI prakAra kI upalabdhiyA~ milatI haiN| isa maMgalAcaraNa ke atirikta graMtha ke 15veM, 17veM, 23veM tathA 26veM zataka ke prAraMbha meM bhI 'namo suyadevayAe' pada ke dvArA maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| gyAraha aMga-graMthoM meM se kevala bhagavatIsUtra meM hI isa prakAra ke maMgalavAkyoM kA prayoga huA hai| navakAra maMtra pahalI bAra isa graMtha meM lipibaddha hai| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne namaskAra mahAmaMtra ko bhagavatIsUtra kA aMga mAnate hue hI vyAkhyA kI hai| AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne paMcanamaskAra mahAmaMtra ko sarvasUtrAntargata mAnA hai| unake anusAra paMca namaskAra karane ke pazcAt hI AcArya apane medhAvI ziSyoM ko sAmAyika Adi zruta par3hAte haiN| isa prakAra isa grantha ke mAdhyama se navakAra maMtra kI prAcInatA svayaMsiddha hai| vastutaH yaha tIrthaMkara dvArA prarUpita va gaNadharoM dvArA sUtrabaddha hai| isa sambandha meM AcArya madhukara muni ne vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra kI prastAvanA meM vizeSataH prakAza DAlA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA mahattva 57

Page #84
tAttvika mahattva AcArya tulasI' ne bhagavatIsUtra ko tattvavidyA kI Akara kahA hai / graMtha meM ullekhita vibhinna praznoM ke uttaroM meM tattvadarzana kI chaTA darzanIya hai / tattvavidyA kI carcA karane vAlA anya koI aisA vizAla graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai / isameM cetana va acetana donoM hI tattvoM kI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha hai / tattvacarcA kI dRSTi se jayantI zrAvikA, skandaka parivrAjaka, rohaanagAra, kAlAsyavezI, tuMgikAnagarI ke zrAvakoM ke prakaraNa dRSTavya haiM / 1 dravya nirUpaNa meM dravya ke do pramukha bheda - jIva dravya va ajIva dravya kiye haiM / ajIva dravya ke rUpI va arUpI bheda karate hue unake puna: caudaha prabheda kiye haiM jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala va kAla ina chaH dravyoM ke svarUpa ko dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva va guNa kI dRSTi se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 'SaDjIvanikAya' para prastuta graMtha meM gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 'SaDjIvanikAya' kA vivecana jaina darzana kI apanI maulikatA hai| paMcAstikAya ke siddhAnta kI bhI isa graMtha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA maulika prarUpaNA kI gaI hai / sampUrNa loka ko paMcAstikAyoM kA samUha mAnA hai| ve haiM - dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya va jIvAstikAya / ina pA~ca astikAyoM meM se jIvAstikAya ko arUpI va jIvakAya batAyA hai tathA zeSa cAra ko ajIvakAya mAnA hai| inameM bhI pudgalAstikAya ko rUpI tathA zeSa cAra ko arUpI mAnA hai / jIva va pudgala ke svarUpa ko vistAra se spaSTa karane vAle isa graMtha meM jIva va pudgala ke sambandha para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zarIra, mana, indriyoM va buddhi ko pudgala rUpa meM vivecita kara unakA jIva ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai, isakI saTIka vyAkhyA isa graMtha meM hai| jIva va zarIra kI yaha vyAkhyA dRSTavya hai AyA bhaMte! kAye, anne kAye ? goyamA ! AyA vi kAye, anne vi kAye / - (13.7.15 ) arthAt he bhagavAn! yaha zarIra AtmA hai yA AtmA se bhinna hai ? he gautama! yaha zarIra AtmA bhI hai aura AtmA se bhinna bhI hai| dArzanika mahattva graMtha kA prAraMbha 'calamANe calie' isa prazna se hotA hai| ekAnta dRSTi se calamAna va calita donoM eka kSaNa meM nahIM hote haiM / anekAnta dRSTi se donoM eka kSaNa meM hote haiN| sampUrNa Agama meM anekAnta dRSTi kA pUrA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 58

Page #85
tattvaviSayaka praznoM ke uttara dene meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jaina dharma ke pramukha siddhAnta anekAntavAda kA hI sahArA liyA hai| skandaka parivrAjaka ke prasaMga meM loka sAnta hai yA ananta, jIva sAnta hai yA anta rahita, siddha anta sahita hai yA anta rahita Adi praznoM ke uttara anekAnta zailI meM hI prastuta kiye gaye haiN| yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prazna kA uttara vibhAga karake diyA hai| yaha unakI anekAnta dRSTi ko pradarzita karatA hai| loka ko zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM hI rUpoM meM svIkAra kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna dArzanika jagata meM pracalita virodhI mAnyatAoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane kA anUThA prayAsa kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMgasUtra jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ko eka mahAna tapasvI ke rUpa meM citrita karatA hai| vahIM bhagavatIsUtra unheM eka zreSTha dArzanika ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna karatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI anekAnta dRSTi vizAla thii| unhoMne gautama gaNadhara tathA apane anya ziSyavarga ke praznoM kA hI samAdhAna prastuta nahIM kiyA apitu anya paramparAoM yathA- kAlAsyavezI Adi pArzva-paramparA ke zramaNa, gozAlaka, jamAli, parivrAjaka, tApasa Adi sabhI kI jijJAsAoM ko tarkapUrNa samAdhAna dvArA zAMta kara svamata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| anekAnta zailI meM diye gaye itane praznottara anya kisI Agama graMtha meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| saMbhavataH bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita isa anekAnta zailI ko hI bAda ke AcAryoM ne vikasita kara jaina-darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta anekAntavAda kA pratipAdana kiyaa| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika dRSTi se mahattva isalie bhI bar3ha jAtA hai ki prastuta graMtha meM anya dArzanikoM ke mata va siddhAntoM kA bhI pratipAdana huA hai| 'samavasaraNa' nAmaka adhyAya meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, vinayavAdI va ajJAnavAdI ina cAra dArzanika matoM kA ullekha hai| AjIvika mata kA jitanA vistAra se isa graMtha meM varNana huA hai anyatra nahIM milatA hai| isake atirikta parivrAjaka, tApasa, caraka, pArzva-paramparA ke anuyAyI tathA anyatIrthiMkoM kI mAnyatAoM kA bhI bhagavatIsUtra meM nirUpaNa hai| dhArmika mahattva __ jaina paramparA meM 'AcAra: parama dharmaH' isa mAnyatA ko bahuta mahattva diyA gayA hai| jaina dharma ke pramukha siddhAntoM ko vivecita karane ke kAraNa isa graMtha kA apanA dhArmika mahattva bhI hai| artha rUpa meM isake praNetA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiM, jinhoMne pahale svayaM ke jIvana ko tyAga va vairAgya ke mAdhyama se zuddha kiyA tatpazcAt bhagavatIsUtra kA mahattva 59

Page #86
dhArmika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| siddhAnta jaba AcAra meM pariNita ho jAte haiM tabhI dharma prArambha hotA hai| isa dRSTi se prastuta Agama meM usI vyakti ko saccA ArAdhaka batAyA hai, jo jJAnavAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha zIlavAna (cAritravAna) bhI ho- tattha NaM je se tacce purisajAe se NaM purise sIlavaM; suyavaM; uvarae viNNAyadhamme, esa NaM goyamA! mae purise savvArAhae paNNate - (8.10.2) arthAt jo puruSa zIlavAna bhI hai aura zrutavAna bhI hai vaha vyakti pApAdi se uparata aura dharma kA vijJAtA bhI hai| he gautama! isa prakAra ke puruSa ko maiM sarvaArAdhaka kahatA huuN| vastutaH sAdhanA kI pUrNatA ke lie zruta va zIla donoM Avazyaka haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM isI mAnyatA kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai- samyagdarzana-jJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga - (1.1) / prastuta graMtha meM AcAra kI zreSThatA ko pratipAdita karate hue jagaha-jagaha zramaNoM ke utkRSTa AcAra evaM caryA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa caryA kI dRSTi se skandaka parivrAjaka kA pUrA prakaraNa dRSTavya hai| zramaNa jIvana ke sukhoM ko anya kisI bhI prakAra ke daivIya sukhoM kI tulanA meM zreSThatara batAyA hai| isa graMtha kA dhArmika mahattva isa dRSTi se bhI bar3ha jAtA hai ki yaha graMtha jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ko hI pratipAdita nahIM karatA hai apitu prasaMgavaza anya dharmoM ke siddhAntoM kA vivecana bhI isameM hai| yaha paddhati isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatI hai ki usa yuga meM kaTTara sAmpradAyikatA kA abhAva thaa| vibhinna dharmoM ke matAvalambI Apasa meM tattvacarcA kara apanI jijJAsAoM ko eka dUsare ke samakSa rakhakara samAdhAna prApta karate the| AdhyAtmika zaktiyA~ __ AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhagavatIsUtra meM kucha aisI zaktiyoM kA varNana huA hai, jinheM sAdhaka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke dvArA prApta kara sakatA thA aura ina zaktiyoM ke arjana dvArA vaha kisI ke bhI antarmAnasa kI bAta jAna sakatA thA aura vividha rUpoM kA sRjana kara sakatA thaa| graMtha ke sAtaveM zataka ke 9veM uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki pramatta zramaNa hI vividha prakAra ke vividha raMga ke rUpa banAtA hai| vaha cAhe jisa rUpa meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza meM parivartita kara sakatA hai| graMtha ke 20veM zataka ke 9veM uddezaka meM 'cAraNalabdhi' kA ullekha huA hai| yaha cAraNalabdhi do prakAra kI hotI hai- 1. vidyAcAraNa, 2. jNghaacaarnn| vidyAcAraNalabdhi vAlA muni tIna bAra cuTakI bajAne jitane samaya meM tIna lAkha, solaha hajAra do sau sattAIsa yojana paridhi vAle jambUdvIpa meM tIna bAra pradakSiNA kara letA hai tathA jaMghAcAraNalabdhi 60 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #87
vAlA muni itane hI samaya meM 21 bAra jambUdvIpa kI pradakSiNA kara letA hai| isa druta gati ke sAmane rAkeTa kI gati bhI dhImI hai| AdhyAtmika zaktiyA~ jaba jAgRta ho jAtI haiM to vyakti rUpI-arUpI padArthoM, antarmAnasa ke vicAroM Adi sabhI ko jAna letA hai| avadhijJAna, mana:paryava jJAna aura kevalajJAna ke vivecana meM isakA ullekha huA hai| 15veM zataka meM gozAlaka ke prakaraNa meM tejolabdhi kI zakti kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isase aMga, baMga Adi sAr3he solaha deza bhasma kiye jA sakate haiN| spaSTa hai ki bhautika zaktiyoM se AdhyAtmika zaktiyA~ zreSThatara hotI haiN| sAMskRtika mahattva __ jaina dharma va darzana kA pramukha graMtha hote hue bhI bhagavatIsUtra apane andara sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko sameTe hue hai| tatkAlIna samAja va saMskRti ke kaI mahattvapUrNa pahalU isameM ujAgara hue haiN| samAja meM pracalita jAti vyavasthA, Azrama vyavasthA Adi ko yaha graMtha ujAgara karatA hai| tyauhAra, vivAha, ApasI sambandha, vastra, Amoda-pramoda ke sAdhana Adi kI jAnakArI isa graMtha ke mAdhyama se prApta kI jA sakatI hai| jayantI zrAvikA kI bhagavAn mahAvIra se tattva-carcA isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatI hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM nArI kA pramukha sthAna thaa|1 isa graMtha kA apanA aitihAsika mahattva bhI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana ke anachue pahalU bhI isa graMtha meM ujAgara hue haiN| eka prasaMga meM svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane mukha se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki ve devAnandA brAhmaNI ke Atmaja haiN|12 AjIvika sampradAya ke saMsthApaka maMkhalI gozAlaka kA vistRta jIvana carita isameM varNita hai| isase AjIvika mata ke itihAsa evaM siddhAntoM kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| pArthApatya va unake anuyAyiyoM dvArA mAnya cAturyAma dharma ke ullekha yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki usa samaya pArthApatya ke anuyAyiyoM kA svataMtra sampradAya thA, jo ki dhIre-dhIre bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jJAna se prabhAvita hokara paMcamahAvrata ko svIkAra kara rahe the| rAjanaitika dRSTi se bhI yaha graMtha atyaMta mahattva rakhatA hai| isase usa samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti kA Akalana kiyA jA sakatA hai| mahAvIra yuga meM bhArata kaI choTe-choTe janapadoM meM baMTA thA, jo prAyaH Apasa meM lar3ate rahate the| graMtha ke sAtaveM zataka meM vaizAlI meM hue mahAzilAkaNTakasaMgrAma va rathamUsalasaMgrAma ina do yuddhoM kA mArmika varNana AyA hai| Arthika dRSTi se bhI prastuta graMtha meM tatkAlIna bhagavatIsUtra kA mahattva __61

Page #88
samAja meM pracalita vyavasAya, khAdya, utpAdana, AvAgamana ke sAdhana Adi ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| bhaugolika dRSTi se yaha graMtha isalie mahattvapUrNa ho jAtA hai ki isameM loka va aloka donoM para hI vivecana prApta hotA hai| Aja jo loga vizva (yUnivarsa) ke rahasyoM ko sulajhAne meM lage haiM, unake lie yaha graMtha mahattvapUrNa hai| prastuta graMtha meM loka-aloka ke AkAra, usameM rahane vAle manuSyoM, nArakoM va devoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhaugolika dRSTi se kaI prAcIna nagaroM ke ullekha bhI isa graMtha meM prApta hote haiM, jinake bAre meM zodha dvArA yaha patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki Aja ve nagara kahA~ va kisa rUpa meM haiN| vaijJAnika va manovaijJAnika mahattva dhArmika, dArzanika va sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko apane meM sameTane vAlA yaha graMtha Aja vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI apanI sArthakatA rakhatA hai| jIva vijJAna, rasAyana vijJAna, bhautika vijJAna, gaNita zAstra, garbhazAstra, khagola vijJAna va svaprazAstra jaise viSayoM kA vivecana ise Adhunika vijJAna ke samakakSa khar3A kara detA hai| __ jIva vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha graMtha atyanta mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko ujAgara karatA hai| prastuta graMtha meM pRthvIkAya Adi sthAvara jIvoM meM jIvatva kI prarUpaNA kara unameM AhAra, zvAsa, caitanya, vedanA Adi kI sthitiyoM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke liye yaha kahA gayA hai ki ve varSARtu meM sarvAdhika AhAra karate haiN| Adhunika vaijJAnika jagata meM DaoN. jagadIza candra bosa ke prayogoM ne siddha kara diyA hai ki vanaspati meM jIvana hotA hai, vaha prema va ghRNA kA pradarzana karatI hai| vaijJAnikoM ne mAikroskopa parIkSaNa dvArA pAnI kI eka bUMda kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa kara usameM asaMkhya sUkSma prANiyoM ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita paramANu kA svarUpa va zakti Aja rasAyana vijJAna kI dRSTi se atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paramANu ko abhedya, achedya va adAhya batAyA hai tathA usakI sUkSmatA ko pratipAdita karate hue use indriyAtIta kahA hai| paramANu meM gati ko svIkAra karate hue usakI tIvratA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| paramANu meM gati tathA usakI sUkSmatA Adi vaijJAnikoM dvArA svIkRta hai| Aja vaijJAnika paramANu bama kI jisa vinAzakArI zakti kI bAta karate haiM, usI sandarbha meM mahAvIra ne tejAlezyA kI aparimeya zakti kA ullekha hajAroM varSa pUrva bhagavatIsUtra meM kiyA hai| ajIva tattva vivecana meM pudgalAstikAya bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #89
ke atirikta dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla dravya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| gati sahAyaka tattva ke rUpa meM dharmAstikAya kI jo mAnyatA mahAvIra ne prastuta kI hai, use bAda meM bhautika vijJAna ke kSetra meM kaI jagaha 'Ithara' ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta huii| khagola vijJAna ke kaI tathyoM kA bhI isa graMtha meM nirUpaNa huA hai| sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra va tArAgaNoM ko jyotiSka devoM ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai| candragrahaNa ke kAraNoM para vaijJAnika dRSTi se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake atirikta aMdhakAra, prakAza, tamaskAya, kRSNarAjiyoM, dizAoM Adi ke viSaya meM bhI vivecana prApta hotA hai| gaNitazAstra kI dRSTi se pArthApatya ke anuyAyI gAMgeya ke praznottara mahattvapUrNa haiN| prastuta graMtha vijJAna hI nahIM manovijJAna va kalA kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| svapravidyA, garbhazAstra Adi para bhI isameM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 42 svaproM va 30 mahAsvapnoM kA ullekha huA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA chadmastha avasthA meM dekhe gaye 10 svapnoM kA artha sahita vizleSaNa prastuta graMtha meM milatA hai|" kalA kI dRSTi se bhI isa graMtha meM mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| sthApatyakalA, nRtya, nATaka, vibhinna vAdyoM Adi kA isameM ullekha hai| isake atirikta aura bhI kaI aise viSaya haiM jinakA isa graMtha meM kahIM nA kahIM ullekha avazya huA hai| isake mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue madhukara muni18 ne likhA hai- 'anya jainAgamoM kI taraha na to yaha upadezAtmaka graMtha hai aura na kevala saiddhAntika graMtha hai| ise hama vizleSaNAtmaka graMtha kaha sakate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM ise siddhAntoM kA aMka gaNita kahA jA sakatA hai|' saMdarbha 1. 'se evaM AyA, evaM nAyA, evaM viNNAyA evaM caraNa-karaNaparuvaNA Aghavijai'- naMdIsUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, 87, pR. 179 2. samavAyAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 527, pR. 179 vyA. sU. (bhAga-4), prastAvanA, pR. 22 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 9 vahI, gA. 8 vyA. sU. (bhAga-4), prastAvanA, pR. 21-26 7. bhagavaI (khaNDa-1), bhUmikA, pR. 16 8. vyA. sU.7.10.8 9. vahI, 30.1.1 10. vahI, 14.9.17 bhagavatIsUtra kA mahattva

Page #90
11. vahI, 12.2 12. 'ahaM NaM devANandAe mAhaNIe attae' - vyA. sU., 9.33.14 13. 'pAusa-varisArattesu NaM ettha NaM vaNassatikAiyA savvamahAhAragA bhavaMti - vyA. sU., 7.3.1 14. vahI, 16.8.15 15. vahI, 15.1.87 16. vahI, 9.32 17. vahI, 16.6.20 18. vyA. sU. (bhAga-1), prastAvanA, pR. 18 64 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #91
loka-svarUpa evaM dravya-mImAMsA

Page #92
loka-svarUpa jaba se sabhyatA kA vikAsa huA aura vyakti ne socanA Arambha kiyA, usake mana meM kaI prazna uThane lage- maiM kauna hU~? kahA~ se AyA hU~? yaha jagata kyA hai? yaha kisase banA hai? aadi| inhIM praznoM ke uttara khojate hue dArzanika cintana pravAhita huaa| jaba isa cintana kA pravAha bhItara kI ora thA to vyakti ne AtmA ke viSaya meM socanA zurU kiyA aura jaba usane jagata, sRSTi Adi ke nimitta kAraNoM ke viSaya meM socA to lokavAda kI paramparA prArambha huii| bhAratIya darzana meM kaI sthAnoM para loka ke svarUpa va usake AdhArabhUta tattvoM ke sambandha meM carcA milatI hai| Rgveda' kA dIrghatamA RSi vizva kI utpatti ke mUla kAraNoM kI khoja karatA huA svayaM se prazna karatA hai ki isa vizva kI utpatti kaise huI? ise kauna jAnatA hai? ina jijJAsAoM ke AdhAra para hI paravartI AcAryoM ne loka ke svarUpa para aneka vicAra vyakta kiye| viSNu-purANa ke dvitIyAMza ke dvitIyAdhyAya meM loka ke sambandha meM vistRta carcA prApta hotI hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI loka ke svarUpa para apane DhaMga se vicAra kiyA gayA aura dasa loka svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| jaina paramparA meM loka ___ jaina paramparA meM vizva ke lie 'loka' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina dArzanikoM va cintakoM ne loka ke svarUpa va usake AdhAra-bhUta tattvoM para vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai| isakA pUrNa vivaraNa prAcIna jainAgamoM va paravartI sUtra graMthoM meM milatA hai| jaina ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke prathama aMga graMtha AcArAMga' ke prAraMbha meM yahI prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki kucha prANiyoM ko yaha jJAna nahIM hai ki maiM pUrva dizA se AyA hU~ yA dakSiNa dizA se AyA hU~, pazcima dizA se AyA hU~ yA uttara dizA se AyA huuN| AcArAMga meM uThAyA gayA yaha prazna hameM svataH loka ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM jAnane ko prerita karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana, tiloyapaNNatti Adi graMthoM meM loka ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI loka ke AdhArabhUta dravyoM va 66 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #93
usake svarUpa kI prarUpaNA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM loka ko SaDdravyAtmaka batAyA gayA hai| yathA dhammo adhammo AgAsaM, kAlo puggala - jNtvo| esa logo tti pannatto, jiNehi varadaMsihi / / (28.7) arthAt jinendroM dvArA yaha loka dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, jIva va pudgala rUpa kahA gayA hai| ina cha: dravyoM meM se kAla ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca dravya astikAya kahe gaye haiN| astikAya se tAtparya hai ki ye dravya sapradezI yA sAvayavI haiN| kAla ke pradeza nahIM hote haiN| isalie use astikAya nahIM kahA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kahIM kahIM loka ko paMcAstikAya rUpa bhI kahA gayA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne paMcAstikAya meM loka ko pA~ca astikAyoM kA samUha mAnA hai| gommaTasAra' meM SaDdravyAtmaka rUpa loka kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina paraMparA meM kahIM loka ko paMcAstikAya rUpa va kahIM SaDdravyAtmaka rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ina prAcIna graMthoM ke AdhAra para hI Adhunika AcAryoM ne loka ke svarUpa evaM usake AdhArabhUta tattvoM kA vivecana apane graMthoM meM kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM loka-svarUpa bhagavatIsUtra meM loka kI paribhASA bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se kI gaI hai| vyutpatti kI dRSTi se loka kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai- je lokkar3a se loe - (5.9.14) arthAt jo dekhA jAtA hai, vaha loka hai| cUMki isa loka meM pudgala-dravya mUrta rUpa haiM, unakI utpatti, vyaya, pariNamana Adi hameM dikhAI dete haiM, ataH loka kA nAmakaraNa pratyakSabhUta pudagala-dravya ke AdhAra para dekhA jAne vAlA' kiyA gayA hai| rAjavArtika' meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ pApa va puNya kA phala jo sukha-dukha rUpa hai, vaha dekhA jAtA hai so loka hai| isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para loka kA artha AtmA se hai| ___ vyavasthA kI dRSTi se loka kI paribhASA dete hue use pA~ca astikAyoM kA samUha kahA gayA hai- kimiyaM bhaMte! loe tti pavuccai? paMcatthikAyA, esa NaM evatie loetti pavuccai,taMjahA-dhamma'sthikAe,adhamma'tthikAe,jAva poggala'sthikAe - (13423) arthAt pA~ca astikAyoM kA samUha loka hai, ve haiM___1. dharmAstikAya, 2. adharmAstikAya, 3. AkAzAstikAya, 4. jIvAstikAya, 5. pudglaastikaay| anyatra loka kA SaDvvyAtmaka rUpa bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| yahA~ sarvadravya ke chaH bheda batAye haiM10 - loka-svarUpa 67

Page #94
1. dharmAstikAya 2. adharmAstikAya 3. AkAzAstikAya 4. jIvAstikAya 5. pudgalAstikAya 6. addhAsamaya spaSTa hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM loka ko paMcAstikAya evaM SaDdravyAtmaka donoM hI rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vyavasthA kI dRSTi se dI gaI uparyukta paribhASA se loka ke svarUpa kI vAstavika sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai| isa loka meM gati hai ataH ise dharmAstikAya rUpa kahA gayA hai| gatizIla padArtha nirantara gati hI nahIM karate varan Thaharate bhI haiM, ataH Thaharane kI sthiti hone ke kAraNa ise adharmAstikAya rUpa kahA gayA hai| isa loka meM cetana dravya bhI haiM aura acetana dravya bhI haiM ataH isa loka ko jIvAstikAya rUpa va pudgalAstikAya rUpa kahA gayA hai| cUMki ina sabhI dravyoM ko sthita rahane ke lie avakAza (AkAza) prApta hai ataH ise AkAzAstikAya rUpa kahA gayA hai| loka meM sthita ina pA~coM dravyoM meM nirantara parivartana bhI hotA rahA hai, jo ki kAla dravya kA svabhAva hai| ina cha: dravyoM kI saha-avasthiti hI loka hai| jainendra siddhAnta koza11 meM loka svarUpa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 'AkAza ke jitane bhAga meM jIva, pudgala Adi SaDdravya dekhe jAte haiM, vaha loka hai aura usake cAroM tarapha zeSa ananta AkAza aloka hai, aisA loka kA niyukti artha hai athavA SaDdravyoM kA samavAya loka hai| AkAra ke AdhAra para graMtha meM loka kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI gaI hai - goyamA! supatiTThigasaMThite loe paNNatte, heTThA vitthipaNe jAva uppiM uddhamuiMgAkAra saMThite-(7.1.5) arthAt loka supratiSThika (sakorA) AkAra kA hai| vaha nIce se caur3A, madhya meM saMkarA va Upara Urdhva mRdaMga ke AkAra kA hai| aloka pole gole ke AkAra kA hai|12 bhagavatIsUtra meM dI gaI loka kI isa paribhASA meM use 'supratiSThika' AkAra vAlA kahA gayA hai| tIna zarAvoM meM se eka zarAva oMdhA, dUsarA sIdhA aura tIsarA usake Upara oMdhA rakhane se jo AkAra banatA hai, use supratiSThika AkAra vAlA yA trizarAvasaMpuTAkAra kahA jAtA hai| loka ke kAra13 bhagavatIsUtra meM loka ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM 1. dravyaloka 2. kSetraloka 3. kAlaloka 4. bhaavlok| __ ise catuHpakSAtmaka loka siddhAnta kahA jA sakatA hai| skandaka parivrAjaka ke dRSTAnta meM dravyaloka, kSetraloka, kAlaloka va bhAvaloka ke svarUpa ko samajhAte bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #95
hue bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM- dravya dRSTi se loka eka hai aura antavAlA hai, kSetra dRSTi se loka asaMkhya kor3A-kor3I yojana kI paridhi vAlA hai tathA vaha anta sahita hai, kyoMki loka ke bAhara aloka hai| kAla dRSTi se aisA koI kAla nahIM thA, jisameM loka nahIM thA, aisA koI kAla nahIM hai, jisameM loka nahIM hai aura na hI aisA koI kAla hogA jisameM loka nahIM hogaa| ataH dhruva, niyata, zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita va nitya hone se kAla kI dRSTi se loka anta rahita hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se varNa, rasa, sparza, gaMdhAdi ananta paryAyarUpa ananta saMsthAna rUpa va ananta gurulaghuparyAyarUpa va ananta agurulaghuparyAyarUpa hone se loka anta rahita hai| isa prakAra dravya va kSetra kI dRSTi se loka ko aMtasahita va kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se loka ko aMtarahita batAyA gayA hai| kSetraloka ke bheda-prabheda14 bhagavatIsUtra meM kSetraloka ke tIna prakAra batAye haiN| 1. adholoka-kSetraloka, 2. tiryagloka-kSetraloka, 3. Urdhvaloka-kSetraloka adholoka-kSetraloka- kSetra ke prabhAva se isa loka meM dravyoM ke prAyaH azubha (adhaH) pariNAma hote haiM, isalie isakA adholoka nAma sArthaka hai| adholoka ke sAta prakAra batAye gaye haiM __1. ratnaprabhA, 2. zarkarAprabhA, 3. bAlukAprabhA, 4. paMkaprabhA, 5. dhUmaprabhA, 6. tamaprabhA, 7. mahAtamaprabhA ye sAtoM pRthviyA~ sAta narakoM ke nAma se jAnI jAtI haiN| inameM mukhya rUpa se naraka ke jIva rahate haiN| inakI lambAI-caur3AI eka sI nahIM hai, nIce kI bhUmiyA~ Upara-Upara kI bhUmiyoM se adhika caur3I haiN| ye bhUmiyA~ eka dUsare se saTI huI nahIM haiN| bIca-bIca meM bahuta antarAla hai| isa antarAla meM ghanodadhi, ghanavAta, tanuvAta aura AkAza haiN| tiryagloka-kSetraloka- isa loka meM svayambhUramaNa paryanta asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra tiryak samabhUmi para tirache vyavasthita haiM ataH ise tiryagloka kahate haiN| madhyama pariNAma hone se yaha madhyama loka bhI kahalAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana" meM madhyaloka ko tiryagloka kahA gayA hai| tiryagloka-kSetraloka asaMkhya prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai arthAt isameM asaMkhyAta jaMbUdvIpa Adi zubha nAma vAle dvIpa va lavaNa, svayaMbhUramaNa Adi samudra haiN| itane vizAla kSetra meM kevala ar3hAI dvIpa meM hI mAnava kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai| loka-svarUpa

Page #96
Urdhvaloka kSetraloka-U~ce va zubha pariNAmoM kI vajaha se isakA Urdhvaloka nAma hai| Urdhvaloka meM mukhya rUpa se devoM kA nivAsa hai| ataH ise devaloka, brahmaloka, yakSaloka va svargaloka bhI kahate haiN|18 bhagavatIsUtra meM UrdhvalokakSetraloka pandraha prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai 1. saudharmakalpa, 2. aizAnakalpa, 3. sanatkumAra, 4. mAhendra, 5. brahmaloka, 6. lAntaka, 7. mahAzukra, 8. sahastrAra, 9. Anata, 10. prANata, 11. AraNa, 12. acyutakalpa, 13. graiveyakavimAna, 14. anuttaravimAna, 15. iisstpraagbhaarpRthvii| loka kA saMsthAna ___ loka ke saMsthAna ko spaSTa karane ke lie pahale bhagavatIsUtra meM loka ke tInoM bhAgoM (adho, madhya va Urdhva loka) ke saMsthAna ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| adholoka-kSetraloka tipAI (trapA) ke AkAra kA batAyA gayA hai, tiryaglokakSetraloka jhAlara ke AkAra kA tathA Urdhvaloka-kSetraloka ko UrdhvamRdaMga ke AkAra kA batAyA gayA hai| sampUrNa loka-aloka ke saMsthAna ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki loka supratiSThika ke AkAra kA hai vaha nIce vistIrNa (caur3A) hai, madhya meM saMkSipta (sakar3A) hai va Upara Urdhva mRdaMga ke AkAra kA hai| aloka kA saMsthAna pole gole ke AkAra kA hai| tiloyapaNNatti20 meM bhI tInoM loka kA saMsthAna isI prakAra batAte hue kahA gayA hai, 'adholoka kA AkAra svabhAva se vetrAsana sadRzya hai, madhyaloka kA AkAra khar3e hue mRdaMga ke Urdhva bhAga ke sadRzya hai tathA Urdhvaloka kA AkAra khar3e kiye hue arddhamRdaMga ke sadRzya hai|' dhavalA meM loka ko tAlavRkSa ke AkAra vAlA kahA gayA hai| aSTavidha loka sthiti loka kI sthiti ATha prakAra kI batAI gaI hai- aTThavihA loyadvitI paNNattA - (1.6.25) yaha isa prakAra hai- 1. AkAza ke AdhAra para vAyu hai, 2. vAyu ke AdhAra para udadhi hai, 3. udadhi ke AdhAra para pRthvI hai, 4. pRthvI ke AdhAra para trasa va sthAvara jIva haiM, 5. ajIva jIvoM ke AdhAra para haiM, 6. jIva karmoM ke AdhAra para haiM, 7. ajIvoM (karmoM) ko jIvoM ne saMgrahita kara rakhA hai, 8. jIvoM ko karmoM ne saMgrahita kara rakhA hai| niHsandeha AkAza, pavana, jala va pRthvI vizva ke AdhArabhUta aMga haiN| vizva kI vyavasthA inhIM ke AdhAra-Adheya bhAva se banI huI hai| saMsArI jIva aura ajIva meM AdhAra-Adheya bhAva va saMgrAhaka-sagrAhya bhAva- ye donoM haiN| jIva AdhAra hai aura zarIra usakA aadhey| jIva-ajIva (bhASA, mana, zarIra, vargaNA) 70 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #97
kA saMgrAhaka hai, karma saMsArI jIva kA saMgrAhaka hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki karma se ba~dhA huA jIva hI sazarIra hotA hai / vahI calatA-phiratA va socatA hai / isa prakAra saMgrAhya-saMgrAhaka bhAva jIva va pudgala ke sivAya dUsare dravyoM meM nahIM hotA hai |23 loka sthiti ko spaSTa karane ke lie bhagavatIsUtra 24 meM do dRSTAMta bhI diye gaye haiN| yathA- jaise koI puruSa camar3e kI mazaka ko vAyu se phulAve, phira usa mazaka kA mu~ha bA~dha de, phira mazaka ke bIca ke bhAga meM gAMTha bAMdhe, phira usa mazaka kA mu~ha kholakara Upara ke bhAga kI havA nikAla kara usa khAlI bhAga meM pAnI bhara de aura mazaka kA mu~ha baMda kara de aura bIca kI gAMTha bhI khola de, to vaha bharA pAnI jisa taraha havA ke Upara tala meM hI rahegA vaise hI loka kI ATha prakAra kI sthiti batAI gaI hai| dUsarA dRSTAMta dete hue kahA hai ki jaise koI puruSa camar3e kI mazaka ko havA se phulAkara apanI kamara meM bAMdha le aura athAha dustara puruSa parimANa se adhika pAnI meM praveza kare taba bhI vaha puruSa pAnI kI UparI sataha para rahegA / isI taraha loka kI sthiti ATha prakAra kI hai / Upara ke udAharaNoM dvArA yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki vAyu ke AdhAra para udadhi kaise TikA huA huA hai| loka kA parimANa 25 I bhagavatIsUtra meM loka ko mahAtimahAn kahA gayA hai / usakA parimANa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki vaha pUrvadizA meM bhI asaMkhyeya koTA - koTi yojana hai| pazcima, uttara evaM Urdhva aura adhodizA meM bhI asaMkhyeya koTA- koTi yojana AyAma viSkambha (lambAI-caur3AI) vAlA hai / isa itane bar3e loka meM eka paramANupudgala jitanA bhI AkAza-pradeza nahIM hai, jahA~ ki jIva ne janma-maraNa na kiyA ho arthAt yaha mahAtimahAn loka sampUrNa rUpa se jIvoM se bharA huA hai / samasta loka kA parimANa batAte hue Age kSetraloka ke tInoM prakAra adholoka, tiryagloka va Urdhvaloka ke parimANa kI tulanA bhI kI gaI hai| sabase choTA tiryagloka hai / usase Urdhvaloka asaMkhyAta guNA hai aura usase adholoka vizeSAdhika hai | 26 bhagavatIvRtti 27 meM ise samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki tiryagloka sabase choTA hai, kyoMki yaha kevala 1800 yojana lambA hai, jabaki Urdhvaloka kI avagAhanA 7 rajjU meM kucha kama hai isalie vaha tiryagloka se asaMkhyAta guNA bar3A hai aura adholoka sabase adhika bar3A hai, kyoMki usakI avagAhanA kucha adhika 7 rajjU parimANa hai| isalie vaha Urdhvaloka se kucha vizeSAdhika hai / prazamarati 28 meM loka ke AkAra kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai- yaha loka puruSa hai| apane donoM hAtha kamara para rakhakara do paira phailAkara khar3e puruSAkAra loka-svarUpa 71

Page #98
kI taraha hai| jaina paraMparAnusAra loka kula caudaha rajju pramANa hai| sumeru parvata ke tala ke nIce sAta rajju pramANa adholoka aura tala ke Upara se sAta rajju Urdhvaloka batAkara kula caudaha rajju pramANa loka batAyA hai| madhyaloka kI U~cAI ko Urdhvaloka meM zAmila kiyA hai kyoMki sAta rajju pramANa ke kSetraphala meM eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana kA kSetraphala ThIka usI prakAra mahattva rakhatA hai, jaise parvata kI tulanA meM rAI / rajju se tAtparya rassI nahIM hai, apitu tIna karor3a ikyAsI lAkha sattAIsa hajAra nau sau sattara maNa vajana kA eka bhAra aura aise hajAra bhAra kA arthAt ar3atIsa araba bAraha karor3a unyAsI lAkha sattara hajAra maNa vajana kA eka lohe kA golA cha: mAha, chaH dina, chaH prahara aura cha: ghar3I meM jitanI dUrI taya kare, utanI dUrI ko eka raja kahate haiN| loka va aloka kI vizAlatA31 loka kI vizAlatA ko batAne ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yaha rUpaka prastuta kiyA hai- 'kisI kAla aura kisI samaya maharddhika mahAsukha sampanna chaH deva, mandara (meru) parvata para mandara kI cUlikA ke cAroM dizAoM meM khar3e raheM aura nIce cAra dizAkumArI deviyA~ cAra balipiNDa lekara jambUdvIpa kI (jagatI para) cAroM dizAoM meM bAhara kI ora mukha karake khar3I rheN| phira ve cAroM deviyA~ eka sAtha cAroM balipiNDoM ko bAhara kI ora pheNkeN| he gautama ! usI samaya una devoM meM se eka-eka (pratyeka) deva, cAroM balipiNDoM ko pRthvItala para pahu~cane se pahale hI zIghra grahaNa karane meM samartha hoM, aise una devoM meM se eka deva, he gautama! usa utkRSTa divya devagati se pUrva meM jAe, eka deva dakSiNa dizA kI ora jAe, isI prakAra eka deva pazcima kI ora, eka uttara kI ora eka deva Urdhva dizA meM aura eka deva adhodizA meM jaae| usI dina aura usI samaya (eka gRhastha ke) eka hajAra varSa kI Ayu vAle eka bAlaka ne janma liyA tadanaMtara usa bAlaka ke mAtA-pitA cala bse| (utane samaya meM bhI) ve deva, loka kA anta prApta nahIM kara skte| usake bAda vaha bAlaka bhI AyuSya pUrNa hone para kAladharma ko prApta ho gyaa| usa bAlaka kI haDDI, majjA bhI naSTa ho gaI, usa bAlaka kI sAta pIr3hI taka kA kulavaMza naSTa ho gayA taba bhI ve deva, loka kA anta prApta na kara ske| tatpazcAt usa bAlaka ke nAma-gotra bhI naSTa ho gae, utane samaya taka (calate rahane para) bhI ve deva, loka kA anta prApta na kara ske|' isI taraha aloka kI vizAlatA ko bhI rUpaka dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 72 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #99
loka kI lambAI kA madhya bhAga 2 bhagavatIsUtra meM pahale sampUrNa loka kI lambAI ke madhyabhAga kA tathA usake pazcAt triloka (Urdhva, adho va tiryagloka) ke madhya bhAga kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| loka kI lambAI kA madhya bhAga ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke avakAzAntara ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kA avagAhana (ullaMghana karane para AtA hai / adholoka kI lambAI kA madhya bhAga cauthI paMkaprabhApRthvI ke avakAzAntara ke kucha adhika arddhabhAga kA ullaMghana karane ke bAda AtA hai| sanatkumAra aura mAhendra devalokoM ke Upara aura brahmaloka kalpa ke nIce riSTa nAmaka vimAnaprastaTa meM Urdhvaloka kI lambAI kA madhya bhAga hai| jambUdvIpa ke mandarAcala (meruparvata) ke bahusama madhyabhAga meM isa ratnaprabhApRthvI ke Upara vAle aura nicale donoM kSudraprastaToM meM, tiryagloka ke madhya bhAga rUpa ATha rUcaka- pradeza kahe gaye haiM, vahI tiryagloka kI lambAI kA madhyabhAga hai / loka- aloka kA krama jijJAsu ziSya roha dvArA prazna pUche jAne para ki pahale loka hai yA pahale aloka ? bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA uttara diyA gayA ki loka va aloka donoM hI zAzvata bhAva haiM, ina donoM meM 'yaha pahalA aura yaha pichalA' aisA krama nahIM hai / ise samajhAne ke lie murgI va aNDe kA udAharaNa bhI diyA gayA hai ki jisa taraha murgI va aNDe meM pahale pichale kA krama nahIM hai, donoM hI zAzvata haiM, usI taraha loka aloka kA krama hai| avakAzAntara bhagavatIvRtti 34 meM kahA gayA hai ki caudaha rajju parimANa puruSAkAra loka meM nIce kI ora adholoka meM sAta pRthviyA~ haiM / prathama pRthvI ke nIce 'ghanodadhi' usake nIce 'ghanavAta' va usake nIce 'tanuvAta' hai / usa tanuvAta ke nIce AkAza hai, ise avakAzAntara yA AkAzAntara kahate haiM / yaha krama sAtoM pRthviyoM ke sAtha hai| ye sAtoM avakAzAntara AkAza rUpa hone ke kAraNa agurulaghu haiM / yahA~ yaha prazna avazya vicAraNIya hai ki yadi pratyeka pRthvI ke nIce ghanodadhi, ghanavAta, tanuvAta va avakAzAntara hai to phira sAtavIM pRthvI hI loka kA anta nahIM ho sktii| isake nIce bhI to ghanodadhi, ghanavAta, tanuvAta va avakAzAntara honA cAhie / lokAnta va saptama avakAzAntara ke krama ko spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra' meM kahA gayA hai ki lokAnta va saptama avakAzAntara pahale bhI hai aura pIche bhI hai / ina donoM meM pahalA- pichalA krama nahIM hai / loka-svarUpa 73

Page #100
lokAnta va alokAnta kA sparza loka va aloka kI taraha lokAnta va alokAnta meM bhI pahalA-pichalA krama nahIM hai| loka kA anta aloka ke anta ko sparza karatA hai va aloka kA anta loka ke anta ko sparza karatA hai| yaha sparza chaH dizAoM se spRSTa hotA hai| chaH dizAoM se spRSTa kI bAta graMtha meM vistAra se samajhAI gaI hai| spaSTa hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM loka ke svarUpa, prakAra, saMsthAna, AkAra Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| loka ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue use paMcAstikAya va SaD-dravyAtmaka rUpa donoM prakAra se mAnakara usameM dharma, adharma, jIva, pudagala, AkAza va kAla ina chaH dravyoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI vizva ko paribhASita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| phreDa hoyala ne apanI pustaka 'phranTiyarsa oNpha esTronomI'37 meM likhA hai- 'vizva saba kucha hai, jIva aura ajIva padArtha, aNu aura AkAzagaMgAe~ aura yadi bhautika padArthoM ke sAtha AdhyAtmika tattvoM kA astitva ho to ve bhii| yadi svarga aura naraka ho to ve bhI kyoMki vizva sabhI padArthoM kI 'sakalatA' (Wholeness) hai|' muni mahendra kumAra vizva sakalatA ke bAre meM likhate haiM- 'vizva zabda kA vyApaka artha hai, una sabhI tattvoM kA samUha, jinakA astitva hama indriya, buddhi aura AtmA dvArA jAna sakate haiN| aNu se lekara AkAzagaMgA taka sabhI choTe-bar3e bhautika padArtha to isameM samAhita haiM, kintu isake atirikta AkAza, kAla, Ithara, caitanya Adi tattvoM kA bhI anubhava pratyakSa aura apratyakSa rUpa se hameM hotA hai| ataH ye bhI vizva ke aMga haiN|"38 saMdarbha 1. 2. Rgveda, 1.164.4 viSNu purANa, zoka, 5.9 abhidharmakoSa, 3.1 AcArAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.1.1 tattvArthasUtra, adhyayana, 3 'jIvA puggalakAyA dhammAdhammA tahave AyAsaM atthitamhi ya NiyadA aNaNNamaiyA aNumahaMtA'-paMcAstikAya, gA., 4 gommaTasAra, jIvakAMDa, gA., 561-564 zAstrI, devendramuni-jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizrUSaNa (kha) muni nathamala-jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA (ga) saMghavI, sukhalAla-tattvArthasUtra (hindI vivecana), tIsarA adhyAya 7. (ka) bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #101
9. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 5.10.10-14, pR. 455 10. vyA. sU., 25.4.8,17 11. jainendra siddhAMta koza, (bhAga-tIna), pR. 438 12. vyA. sU., 11.10.11 13. 'cauvvihe loe pannatte, taM jahA - davvaloe khettaloe kAlaloe bhAvaloe' vyA. sU., 11.10.2, 2.1.24 14. vahI, 11.10.3-6 15. tattvArthasUtra (hindI vivecana), saMghavI, sukhalAla, pR. 117-118 16. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 3.7, pR. 169 17. uttarAdhyayana, 36.50, 54 18. vahI, 5.24, 14.41, 18.29, 19.8 19. vyA. sU., 11.10.7-11 20. tiloyapaNNatti (yativRSabha), 1.137-139 21. talarukkhasaMThANo-dhavalA, 4/1.3.2, gA.7 pR. 11 22. vyA. sU., 1.6.25.2 23. muni nathamala-jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 192 24. vyA. sU., 1.6.25.2 25. vahI, 12.7.2-3 26. 'savvatthoe tiriyaloe, uDDhaloe asaMkhejjaguNe, aheloe visesAhie'- vahI, 13.4.70 27. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka, 616 28. prazamarati, gA. 210, pR. 32 29. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA. 120 30. gaNitAnuyoga (saMpAdakIya), pR. 6 31. vyA. sU., 11.10.26, 27 32. vahI, 13.4.12-15 33. 'rohA! loe ya aloe ya puvviM pete, pacchA pete, do vi te sAsatA bhAvA, aNANupuvvI esA rohA'!-vyA.sU., 1.6.13-16 34. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka, 96, 97 35. 'loaMte ya sattame ya ovAsaMtare puvviM pete jAva aNANupuvvI aisA rohA'-vahI, 1.6.18 logaMte alogaMtaM phusati alogate vi logaMtaM phusati'- vyA. sU., 1.6.5-6 37. phranTiyarsa Apha esTronomI, pR. 304 38. muni mahendra kumAra-vizvaprahelikA, pR. 8 loka-svarUpa

Page #102
dravya bhagavatIsatra meM jahA~ loka kA svarUpa batAte hue use paMcAstikAya rUpa kahA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora use SaDdravyAtmaka rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA hai|' arthAt astitva kI dRSTi se yaha samasta loka chaH dravyoM kA samUha hai| loka meM avasthita ina chaH dravyoM ke svarUpa ko vivecita karane se pUrva yahA~ dravya kA svarUpa, dravya va paryAya kA sambandha, dravya ke bheda-prabheda Adi kA vivecana apekSita hai| dravya kA svarUpa jainendra vyAkaraNa ke anusAra dravya zabda ko ivArthaka nipAta mAnanA caahiye| 'dravyaMbhavye' isa jainendra vyAkaraNa ke sUtrAnusAra jo 'dru' kI taraha ho use dravya samajhanA caahiye| jisa prakAra binA gAMTha kI sIdhI dru (lakar3I) bar3haI Adi ke nimitta se Tebala, kursI Adi aneka AkAroM ko prApta hotI hai, usI taraha dravya bhI 'ubhaya (bAhya va Abhyantara) kAraNoM se una-una paryAyoM ko prApta hotA rahA hai| paMcAstikAya ke anusAra una-una sadbhAva paryAyoM ko, jo tattva dravita hotA hai, prApta hotA hai, use dravya kahate haiM, jo sattA se ananyabhUta hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra- jo yathAyogya apanI-apanI paryAyoM ke dvArA prApta hote haiM yA paryAyoM ko prApta hote haiM, ve dravya kahalAte haiN| dravya zabda ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha hote haiN| sattA, sat athavA satva, sAmAnya, dravya, anvaya, vastu, artha aura vidhi, ye nau zabda sAmAnya rUpa se eka dravyarUpa artha ke hI vAcaka haiN| jaina paramparA meM sat va dravya ko eka hI mAnA hai| inameM sirpha zabda kI dRSTi se bheda hai artha-bheda nahIM hai| pravacanasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki dravya agara sat nahIM hai to asat hotA; aura asat to dravya nahIM ho sakatA, ataH dravya svayaM sattA hai| paMcAstikAya' meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne dravya kA lakSaNa sat batAte hue use utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvya yukta tathA guNa va paryAya kA Azraya bhI kahA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne sat kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki sat vaha hai jo utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvyatA se yukta ho- utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat - (5.29) / Age unhoMne bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 76

Page #103
dravya ko guNa va paryAya se yukta mAnA hai- guNaparyAyavadvya m -(5.37) / ise spaSTa karate hue paM. sukhalAla jI likhate haiM ki hara eka vastu meM do aMza haiM; eka aMza aisA hai, jo tInoM kAloM meM zAzvata hai, dUsarA aMza sadA azAzvata hai| zAzvata aMza ke kAraNa hara eka vastu dhrauvyAtmaka (sthira) aura azAzvata aMza ke kAraNa utpAda-vyayAtmakaM (asthira) kahalAtI hai| ___ yahA~ prazna upasthita hotA hai ki eka hI vastu sthira va asthira kaise ho sakatI hai| isI virodha kA parihAra karane ke lie Age tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam - (5.30) arthAta jo usake bhAva se (apanI jAti se) cyuta na ho vahI nitya hai| sabhI dravya apanI jAti meM sthira rahate hue nimitta ke anusAra parivartana (utpAda-vyaya) prApta karate rahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki hara vastu apanI jAti (dravya) kI apekSA dhrauvyatA va pariNAma kI apekSA utpAda-vyaya ko prApta hotI hai| yaha dhrauvyatA va utpAda-vyaya kA cakra vastu meM sadaiva pAyA jAtA hai| utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka honA yahI vastumAtra kA svarUpa hai| yahI svarUpa sat kahalAtA hai| sat svarUpa nitya hai, arthAt vaha tInoM kAloM meM eka sA avasthita rahatA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki kisI vastu meM yA vastumAtra meM utpAda, vyaya tathA dhrauvya kabhI ho aura kabhI na ho| pratyeka samaya utpAdAdi tInoM aMza avazya hote haiM, yahI sat kA nityatva hai|' niyamasAra' meM dravya kA lakSaNa guNa-paryAya yukta kahA hai| vastutaH dravya meM guNa va paryAya kA saha-astitva hai| dravya hamezA pariNamana ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| usameM pariNamana kI jo zakti hai, vaha guNa hai tathA usa guNa ke kAraNa, jo pariNamana hote haiM, vaha paryAyeM haiN| paMcAstikAya' meM dravya va paryAya ko ananyabhUta tathA dravya va guNa ko avyatirikta kahA hai| sarvArthasiddhi12 meM guNa va paryAya ko samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jo anvayi haiM, ve guNa haiM aura jo vyatirekI haiM, ve paryAya haiM / jJAna Adi guNoM dvArA hI jIva, ajIva se bhinna pratIta hotA hai| jIva meM ghaTajJAna, paTajJAna, krodha, mAna Adi pAye jAte haiN| ve jIvadravya kI paryAyeM haiN| vAdIdevasUri ne paryAya va guNa ko vizeSa ke do prakAra batAye haiM evaM sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa kI saMjJA dI hai| jJAna zakti Adi AtmA ke guNa haiM, jinakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA hai| dravya kI utpAdavyayAtmaka jo paryAyeM haiM, ve kramabhAvI haiM, jaise sukha-duHkha harSa aadi| nyAyavinizcaya tathA tattvArthavArtika meM bhI dravya meM guNoM ko sahabhAvI evaM paryAya ko kramabhAvI kahA hai| dravya

Page #104
dravya va paryAya kA sambandha jaina Agama sAhitya meM kahIM dravya se paryAya ko bhinna to kahIM dravya se paryAya ko abhinna mAnA gayA hai| dravya va paryAya meM kathaMcitaM abheda hai, kyoMki una donoM meM avyatireka pAyA jAtA hai| dravya aura paryAya kathaMcita bhinna bhI hai, kyoMki dravya aura paryAyoM meM pariNAma kA bheda hai| AptamImAMsA'5 meM kahA hai- dravya meM anAdi aura anaMta rUpa se pariNamana kA pravAha hai jabaki paryAyoM kA pariNamana sAdi aura sAMta hai| dravya zaktimAn hai paryAya zaktirUpa, eka kI dravya saMjJA hai dUsare kI paryAya saMjJA hai| dravya eka hai, paryAyeM aneka haiN| dravya kA lakSaNa alaga hai, paryAya kA lakSaNa alaga hai| prayojana bhI donoM ke bhinna haiM, kyoMki dravya anvayajJAnAdi karAtA hai jabaki paryAya vyatireka jJAna karAtA hai| dravya trilokagocara hai, kintu paryAya vartamAnagocara hai| ina nAnA kAraNoM se dravya kI bhinnatA bhI hai ora abhinnatA bhii| dravya va paryAya kI yaha bheda va abheda dRSTi bhagavatIsUtra meM kaI jagaha parilakSita hotI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra va pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM ke vArtAlApa ke prasaMga meM yaha vivecita kiyA gayA hai ki AtmA hI sAmAyika hai, AtmA hI sAmAyika kA artha hai- AyA Ne ajjo! sAmAie, AyA Ne ajjo sAmAiyasya aTTa - (1.9.21) / vastutaH AtmA eka dravya hai va sAmAyika usakI eka avasthA hone se paryAya hai, kintu AtmA ko hI sAmAyika kahakara yahA~ paryAya ko dravya se bilkula abhinna rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA yaha sUtra dravya va paryAya kI abhinnatA ko svIkAra karatA hai| dUsarI jagaha dravya va paryAya kI bhinnatA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki asthira paryAyoM ke naSTa hone para bhI dravya naSTa nahIM hotA hai|" isa vAkya meM dravya va paryAya kI bhinnatA spaSTa rUpa se jhalaka rahI hai| dravya va paryAya sarvathA abhinna hote to paryAya ke naSTa hone para dravya bhI naSTa ho jaataa| bhagavatIsUtra meM AtmA ko jJAna se bhI abhinna mAnA hai- AyA siya NANe, siya annANe, NANe puNa niyamaM AyA -(12.10.10) / darzana va AtmA meM bhI ekatva ko sthApita kiyA gayA hai| AyA niyamaM daMsaNe, daMsaNe vi niyamaM AyA - (12.10.16) / ... isa prakAra bhagavatIsUtra ke ukta sUtroM meM jJAna-darzana ko AtmA se abhinna mAnakara dravya va paryAya kA bheda samApta kara diyA gayA hai| kintu, graMtha meM AtmA ke ATha bheda bhI kiye gaye haiM yathA- dravyAtmA, kaSAyAtmA, yogAtmA, upayogAtmA, jJAnAtmA, darzanAtmA, cAritrAtmA aura viiryaatmaa| yahA~ AtmA ke ye bheda dravya va bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #105
I paryAya donoM dRSTiyoM se kiye gaye haiM / dravyAtmA kA varNana dravya dRSTi se hai zeSa sAta AtmAoM kA varNana yahA~ paryAya dRSTi se hai|7 dravya va paryAya ke bheda va abheda ko samajhAte hue paMcAstikAya " meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne kahA hai ki paryAyarahita dravya nahIM hai tathA dravyarahita paryAya bhI nahIM hai, zramaNa dravya va paryAya ko abheda rUpa kahate haiN| Age unhoMne dravya va paryAya kI bhinnatA ko samajhAte hue kahA hai ki manuSya naSTa hokara nAraka deva Adi meM utpanna hotA hai yahA~ usakI saMsArI paryAya kA nAza va utpatti huI hai, jIva bhAva na utpanna hotA hai na naSTa hotA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM DaoN. mohana lAla mehatA likhate haiM- dravya va paryAya donoM paraspara eka dUsare se mile hue haiN| eka ke binA dUsare kI sthiti saMbhava nahIM hai / dravyarahita paryAya kI upalabdhi jaise asaMbhava hai, vaise hI paryAyarahita dravya kI upalabdhi bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / jahA~ dravya hogA vahA~ paryAya avazya hogaa| 19 yahA~ jainadarzana kA dRSTikoNa ApekSika rahA hai| jaina darzana meM dravya va paryAya meM vizeSaNa va vizeSya kI dRSTi se bheda mAnA jAtA hai| saMjJA kI apekSA unameM bheda hai, kintu sattA kI dRSTi se donoM abheda haiN| dravyoM kI saMkhyA 1 bhagavatIsUtra 20 meM loka meM pAye jAne vAle sabhI dravyoM ko mukhya rUpa se chaH svataMtra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / ina chaH svataMtra dravyoM meM cetana - dravya jIva tathA pA~ca acetana dravya - dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala va kAla ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi ina chaH dravyoM meM jIva, pudgala aura kAla dravya ke anya avAntara aneka svataMtra bheda haiM parantu unheM sAmAnya guNa kI apekSA se eka meM antarbhAva karake svataMtra dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaH hI mAnI gaI hai| uttarAdhyayana" meM bhI loka ko cha: dravyoM kA samUha kahA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI AcArya umAsvAti ne ajIvakAyA dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH - (5.1) dharma, adharma, AkAza va pudgala ko ajIva kahakara dravyANi, jIvAzca - (5.2) sUtra dvArA jIva ko bhI dravya mAnakara pA~ca dravya svIkAra kiye haiM / kintu, pazcAt meM kAlAzcetyeka - (5.38) sUtra dvArA kAla ko bhI dravya mAnate hue dravyoM kI saMkhyA cha: mAna lI hai| Adhunika yuga meM jaina AcArya tulasI ne apanI pustaka jaina siddhAnta dIpikA 22 meM dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaH hI mAnI hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya va kAla / dravya 79

Page #106
dravyoM kA vibhAjana jaina paramparA sarvasammati se chaH dravyoM ko svIkAra karatI hai| kintu, una chaH dravyoM kA vibhAjana bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se kiyA gayA hai| cetana va acetana kI apekSA- cetanA va upayoga jisakA lakSaNa hai, vaha jIva dravya hai isake viparIta svabhAva vAlA acetana dravya ajIva hai| isa prakAra cetana va acetana guNa ke sadbhAva va asadbhAva kI apekSA se dravya ke do bheda hue jIvadravya aura ajIva dravya / ___ mUrta va amUrta kI apekSA- pudgala ko rUpI hone ke kAraNa mUrta mAnA gayA hai, zeSa jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla ko amUrta va arUpI mAnA hai / 24 kriyAvAna va bhAvavAna kI apekSA- pudgala va jIva sakriya hone ke kAraNa kriyAvAna ke antargata Ate haiM jabaki dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla niSkriya hone se bhAvavAna haiN| pravacanasAra25 meM kahA gayA hai ki pariNAma, saMghAta va bheda ke dvArA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyatA ko prApta hone ke kAraNa jIva va pudgala bhAva va kriyA vAle hote haiN| zeSa dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla meM sirpha pariNAma dvArA hI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya hotA hai ata: ve bhAvavAna haiN| eka va aneka kI apekSA- saMkhyA kI apekSA se dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla eka haiM tathA jIva va pudgala ananta haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya va AkAzAstikAya ko eka tathA jIvAstikAya va pudgalAstikAya ko ananta dravya mAnA hai| pariNAmI va nitya kI apekSA- svabhAva va vibhAva pariNAmoM kI apekSA jIva va pudgala pariNAmI haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla meM vibhAvavyaMjana paryAyoM kA abhAva hotA hai ata: ve apariNAmI haiN| sapradezI va apradezI kI apekSA- bhagavatIsUtra28 meM sapradezI astikAyoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca batAI gaI hai- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya va pudglaastikaay| apradezI hone ke kAraNa kAla ko astikAya ke antargata nahIM rakhA gayA hai| kSetravAna evaM akSetravAna apekSA- samasta dravyoM ko avagAhanA pradAna karane vAle ekamAtra dravya AkAza ko kSetravAna zeSa pA~ca dravyoM ko akSetravAna mAnA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM avagAhanA ko AkAza kA guNa batAyA gayA hai| guNao avagAhaNAguNe - (2.10.4) / 7 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 80

Page #107
sarvagata evaM asarvagata kI apekSA - AkAza loka va aloka sabhI meM vyApta hone ke kAraNa sarvagata hai| sampUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta hone ke kAraNa dharma aura adharma dravya bhI sarvagata haiM / eka jIva kI apekSA se jIva asarvagata hai| parantu lokapuraNa samudghAta (kevalI samudghAta) kI avasthA meM eka jIva bhI apekSA se sarvagata hai| pudgala dravya loka vyApaka mahAskandha kI apekSA se sarvagata hai, kintu zeSa pudgaloM kI apekSA asarvagata hai| kAla dravya bhI eka kAlANudravya kI apekSA se sarvagata nahIM hai| lokAkAza ke pradezoM ke barAbara bhinna-bhinna kAlANuoM kI vivakSA se kAla dravya loka meM sarvagata hai| kAraNa va akAraNa kI apekSA- pudagala, dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla ye pA~coM dravya vyavahAranaya se jIva ke lie zarIra, vANI, bhASA, prANa, ucchvAsa, gati, sthiti, avagAhanA, vartanA Adi rUpa meM kArya karate haiM ataH ye pA~coM dravya kAraNa rUpa haiN| jabaki jIva, jIva kA to upakAra karate haiM parantu anya pA~coM dravyoM kA kucha nahIM karate ataH akAraNa haiN| kartA va bhoktA kI apekSA- jIva pApa va puNya kI dRSTi se karmoM kA kartA bhI hai aura usake zubha-azubha pariNAma kA bhoktA bhI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva ko kAmI va bhogI donoM hI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| anya zeSa pA~ca dravyoM meM pApa-puNya kI apekSA se akartRtva hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya ke bheda-prabheda __ bhagavatIsUtra meM mukhya rUpa se dravya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. jIva dravya, 2. ajIva drvy| ajIva dravya ke tIna prakAra se bheda kiye gaye haiM (ka) ajIvadravya rUpI-ajIvadravya arUpI-ajIvadravya skandha skandha deza skandhapradeza skandhaparamANu dharmAstikAya dharmAstikAya kA deza dharmAstikAya kA pradeza adharmAstikAya adharmAstikAya kA deza adharmAstikAya kA pradeza AkAzAstikAya dravya 81

Page #108
rUpI- ajIvadravya | 82 skandha skandha deza skandhapradeza skandhaparamANu rUpI | skandha skandha deza skandha pradeza paramANu-pudgala AkAzAstikAya kA deza AkAzAstikAya kA pradeza addhAkAla (kha) ajIvadravya '2 arUpI - ajIvadravya | dharmAstikAya, dharmAstikAya kA deza dharmAstikAya ke pradeza adharmAstikAya nahIM, adharmAstikAya kA deza adharmAstikAya ke pradeza AkAzAstikAya nahIM, AkAzAstikAya kA deza AkAzAstikAya ke pradeza addhAsamaya (ga) ajIvadravya arUpI | dharmAstikAya-naudharmAstikAya deza dharmAstikAya ke pradeza adharmAstikAya-nauadharmAstikAya kA deza adharmAstikAya ke pradeza addhAsamaya bhagavatIsUtra 34 meM sarvadravya kI vivecanA meM dravya ke chaH bheda kiye gaye haiM1. dharmAstikAya, 2. adharmAstikAya, 3. AkAzAstikAya, 4. jIvAstikAya, 5. pudgalAstikAya, 6. addhAsamaya astikAyoM ke vivecana meM pA~ca astikAya kA vivecana prApta hotA hai 135 1. dharmAstikAya, 2. adharmAstikAya, 3. AkAzAstikAya, 4. jIvAstikAya, 5. pudgalAstikAya isa prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya ke do pramukha bheda jIva va ajIva kiye gaye haiN| pA~ca astikAyoM va chaH dravyoM kA vibhAjana bhI milatA hai / Age jIva dravya va ajIva dravya ke krama meM dravya vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #109
11. saMdarbha 1. vyA. sU., 2.10.1, 25.4.8 'dravyaM-bhavve' jainendra vyAkaraNa, 4.1.158 'daviyadi gacchadi......... aNaNNa bhUdaM tu sttaado|' - paMcAstikAya, gA. 9 'yathAsvaM paryAyaidUryante dravaMti vA tAni iti drvyaanni|' sarvArthasiddhi 5.2.529, pR. 202 paMcadhyAyI pUrvArddha, TIkAkAra zAstrI makkhana lAla, gA. 143 'Na havadi jadi saddavvaM.........davva sayaM sttaa|' pravacanasAra, gA., 105 'davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppaadvvydhuvttsNjuttN|' - paMcAstikAya, gA. 10 tattvArthasUtra (hindI vivecana), saMghavI, sukhalAla, pR. 194 9. vahI, pR. 196 10. niyamasAra, gA.9 paMcAstikAya, gA. 12, 13 12. sarvArthasiddhi,5.38.600 13. pramANanaya tattvAloka, 5.6-8 pR. 82 (ka) nyAyavinizcaya, prathama pratyakSaprastAva (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 5.22 15. AptamImAMsA, 4.71.7 16. 'athire paloTTati jAva paMDitattaM AsAsataM' - vyA. sU. 1.9.28 'aTThavihA AyA pannattA, taM jahA dviyaayaa.........viriyaayaa|' vahI, 12.10.1 18. paMcAstikAya, gA. 12, 17 19. mehatA mohanalAla- jaina dharma-darzana, pR. 123-129 20. vyA. sU., 25.4.8 21. uttarAdhyayana, 28.7 jaina siddhAnta dIpikA, 1.1-2 23. (ka) paMcAstikAya, gA. 124, (kha) pravacanasAra, gA. 127, (ga) vyA. sU., 25.2.1 24. paMcAstikAya, gA. 97 25. pravacanasAra, gA. 129 26. vyA. sU., 2.10.2-6, 25.2.2-3 27. bRhadravya saMgraha, prathama adhikAra, cUlikA, pR. 60-63 28. vyA. sU., 2.10.1 29. bRhadravya saMgraha, prathama adhikAra, cUlikA, pR. 60-63 30. 'jIvA kAmI vi bhogI vi' - vyA. sU.7.7.13 31. vahI, 25.2.1-2 32. vahI, 10.1.8 33. vahI 2.10.11 34. vahI, 25.4.8 35. vahI, 2.10.1 22. dravya

Page #110
jIva dravya jIva yA AtmA bhAratIya darzana kI AtmA hI hai, yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hai| samasta dArzanika cintana isI Atmatattva ke irda-girda hI ghUmatA pratIta hotA hai / prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM apane-apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiM / vedoM meM yadyapi AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM spaSTa vicAra nahIM milate haiM, kintu Age calakara upaniSadoM meM unakA vikasita rUpa avazya hI prApta hotA hai / upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM bhinna-bhinna mata prApta hote haiM / upaniSada cintana Atma-svarUpa nirdhAraNa meM nirantara pragati karatA pratIta hotA hai / bauddha-darzana' ke saMsthApaka bhagavAna buddha spaSTa rUpa se AtmA kA niSedha na kara Atma-saMbaMdhI praznoM ko avyAkRta kahakara mauna ho jAte haiM / sAMkhya' AtmA ko nitya, vibhu, cetana va bhogI mAnatA hai, kintu AtmA ko kartA nahIM mAnatA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ko nitya to mAnate haiM, kintu caitanya ko usake Agantuka guNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / jaina darzana meM Atmatattva ke vikAsa para vizeSa cintana kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana meM AtmA ke lie prAya: 'jIva' zabda kA prayoga hI huA hai / jIva ke astitva ke pramANa 1 jisa prakAra ghaTa, paTa Adi pudgala dravyoM kA hameM pratyakSa darzana hotA hai usI prakAra AtmA ke darzana hameM nahIM hote haiM, kyoMki AtmA arUpI dravya hai, lekina AtmA kA anubhava hameM isake abhinna guNa cetanA ke vyApAra dvArA hotA hai / ise samajhAte hue bhagavatIsUtra + meM kahA gayA hai ki utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSAkAra - parAkrama se yukta jIva AtmabhAva se jIvabhAva (caitanya) ko prakaTa karatA hai| yahA~ AtmabhAva se tAtparya utthAna, gamana, zayana, bhojana Adi AtmA ke pariNAma se hai / ina AtmabhAvoM se jIva apane jIvatva (caitanya) kA prakAzana karatA hai| Age ise aura adhika spaSTa karate hue mahAvIra kahate haiM - jIva Abhinibodhika Adi pAMcoM jJAna kI anaMta paryAyoM, mati Adi tIna ajJAnoM kI anaMta paryAyoM, cakSu Adi cAra darzanoM kI anaMta paryAyoM ke upayoga ko prApta hotA hai bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 84

Page #111
1 kyoMki jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai / isI kAraNa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSa - parAkrama vAlA jIva, Atma-bhAva se jIvabhAva (caitanya) ko pradarzita karatA hai / yahA~ yaha kathana saMsArI jIva kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai / SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA' meM guNaratnasUri ne AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karate hue kahA hai- AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai, kyoMki jJAna guNa kA pratyakSa hotA hai, ataH AtmA ko pratyakSa siddha mAnanA cAhiye / AcArya pUjyapAda' ne bhI AtmA ke astitva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai- jisa prakAra yaMtra pratimA kI ceSTAe~ apane prayoktA kA jJAna karAtI haiM vaise hI prANa, apAna Adi kriyAe~ bhI AtmA kA jJAna karAtI haiN| jinabhadrasUri ke anusAra jaise guNa va guNI kI abhinnatA hai, vaise hI smaraNa Adi guNoM se jIva bhI pratyakSa siddha hai / indriyA~ kAraNa haiM ata: inakA koI nA koI adhiSThAtA avazya honA cAhiye vaha adhiSThAtA hI AtmA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM evaM prANApAna ke kAraNa AtmA kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai / AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karate hue devendramuni ne kahA hai ki AtmA saMsiddhi sAdhana-pramANoM se aura bAdhaka pramANoM ke abhAva ina donoM se hI hotI hai / AtmA ko siddha karane ke lie sAdhaka - pramANa aneka haiM, kintu bAdhaka - pramANa eka bhI aisA nahIM hai jo AtmA kA niSedha karatA hai / isalie AtmA eka svataMtra dravya hai- yaha siddha hotA hai / AtmA hai, isakA pramANa to caitanya kI upalabdhi hai| cetanA kA hama pratyakSa anubhava karate haiM usase apratyakSa AtmA kA sadbhAva svataH siddha hai| dhuA~ dekhakara hI to agni kA jJAna hotA hai kyoMki binA agni ke dhuA~ nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra jaina darzana meM cetanA, zvAsa, prANa Adi guNoM dvArA AtmA ke astitva ko siddha kiyA gayA hai / jaina paramparA meM jIva kI avadhAraNA jaina anuzruti meM AtmA yA jIva kI avadhAraNA atyaMta prAcIna hai / agara hama aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhe to bhI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke samaya (I.pU. 8vIM zatAbdI) taka jaina paramparA meM jIva - vAda kA siddhAnta susthira ho cukA thA / jaina paramparA meM jIva yA AtmA kI mAnyatA jaisI pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM thI vaisI hI Aja bhI hai| usameM kiMcit mAtra bhI parirvatana nahIM huA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM paMDita sukhalAla jI kA mata hai ki svataMtra jIvavAdiyoM meM prathama sthAna jaina paramparA kA hI hai / jIva anAdi-nidhana hai, na usakA Adi hai na anta hai / vaha avinAzI hai / akSaya hai / 1 jIva dravya 85

Page #112
dravya dRSTi se usakA svarUpa tInoM kAloM meM eka sA rahatA hai, isalie vaha nitya hai aura paryAya rUpa se vaha bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai ataH vaha anitya prAcIna jaina AgamagraMthoM meM jIva ke svarUpa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prathama Agama graMtha AcArAMga10 meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue AtmA ko arUpI, tarka va buddhi se pare, jJAtA va apadasta batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM jIva kA svarUpa cetanAmaya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA use jJAna-darzana upayoga ke lakSaNa vAlA batAyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa va vIrya ko AtmA ke lakSaNa mAne haiN| paMcAstikAya13 meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne AtmA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA jIva hai, caitanya hai, upayoga vAlA hai, svakRta karmoM kA svAmI hai, pApa-puNyarUpa karmoM kA kartA evaM una karmaphaloM kA bhoktA, zarIra-pramANa, amUrtika va karma saMyukta hai| bhAvapAhuDa14 meM unhoMne AtmA ko arasa, arUpa, aMgadha, avyakta, azabda va cetana guNa vAlA kahA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne upayoga ko AtmA kA lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai- upayogo lakSaNam - (2.8) / dravyasaMgraha meM AcArya nemicandrasUri ne AtmA kA svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA hai- jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sdehprimaanno|bhoktaa saMsArattho siddho so visssoddddgii| - (gA-2) arthAt jIva upayogavAna hai, amUrta hai, kartA hai, svadeha parimANa hai, saMsArI hai, siddha hai tathA svabhAva se Urdhva gati karane vAlA hai| Adhunika AcAryoM meM AcArya tulasI ne apanI pustaka jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM upayoga ko AtmA kA svarUpa mAnA hai| upayogalakSaNo jiiv-(2.2)| Age upayoga ko unhoMne cetanA kA vyApAra kahA hai- cetanAvyApAraH upayoga - (2.3) / isa prakAra jainAgamoM meM tathA paravartI jainAcAryoM dvArA dI gaI paribhASAoM meM upayoga va cetanA ko jIva kA pramukha lakSaNa mAnA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki upayoga va cetanA donoM hI samAnArthaka haiN| cetanA jIva kI yogyatA hai evaM upayoga usa yogyatA kI kriyAnviti hai| yahI lakSaNa jIva-dravya ko ajIva-dravya se pRthak karatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva kI paribhASA evaM svarUpa bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai- avaNNe agaMdhe arase aphAse arUvI jIve sAsate avaTThite logadavve - (2.10.5) arthAt jIvadravya varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparzAdi se rahita hone ke kAraNa arUpI hai| jIva (caitanya) svarUpa 86 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #113
hai| zAzvata hai| avasthita lokadravya hai arthAt lokAkAza ke barAbara hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva va guNa kI apekSA se jIvAstikAya ko saMkSepa meM pAMca prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai- se samAsao paMcaviha paNNatte; taMjahA-davvatto-jAva guNato -(2.10.5) / dravya kI apekSA se jIvAstikAya ananta jIvadravyarUpa hai| kSetra kI apekSA se loka pramANa hai arthAt jIvAstikAya ke utane hI pradeza mAne gaye haiM, jitane ki lokAkAza ke pradeza haiN| kAla kI apekSA se vaha kabhI nahIM thA aisA nahIM hai, kabhI nahIM hai aisA nahIM, kabhI nahIM hogA aisA nahIM, ataH bhUta, bhaviSya va vartamAna meM usakI sattA hai isalie use nitya mAnA hai| bhAva kI apekSA varNa, gaMdha, rasa va sparza kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa vaha amUrta mAnA gayA hai| vAstava meM nizcayanaya kI apekSA se to sabhI jIva amUrta hI hai, kintu vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se karmoM se baddha saMsArI jIvoM ko mUrta mAnA gayA hai| guNa kI apekSA se use upayoga guNa vAlA mAnA gayA hai| graMtha meM anyatra jIva ko paribhASita karate hue use akSata, anAdinidhana, dhruva, nitya va avinAzI batAyA gayA hai| cetanAmaya jIva bhagavatIsUtra" meM jIva ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM 'ceyA' zabda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| anyatra cetanA va jIva meM tAdAtmya sthApita karate hue caitanya ko hI jIva mAna liyA gayA hai- jIve tAva niyamA jIve, jIve vi niyamA jIve - (6.10.2) arthAt jo jIva hai vaha nizcita rUpa se caitanya svarUpa hai tathA jo caitanyasvarUpa hai, vaha bhI nizcita rUpa se jIva hai| sthAnAMgasUtra18 meM bhI jIva ko cetanAmaya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pravacanasAra' meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne jIva kA lakSaNa cetanA mAnA hai| dravyasaMgraha meM jIva ke lie 'cedA' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se trikAla meM cetanA jisake prANa hai, vaha jIva hai| jIva va caitanya kI abhinnatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM cetanA ke astitva kI siddhi ke lie bhI kaI jagaha pramANa prastuta kiye gaye haiN| kahA gayA hai ki utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSAkAra-parAkrama se yukta jIva AtmabhAva se caitanya ko prakaTa karatA hai| jIva meM cetanA kA astitva hotA hai isalie vaha vibhinna prakAra kI gati karatA hai| jIva sadA samita (maryAdita) rUpa se kAMpatA hai, vividha rUpa meM kAMpatA hai, calatA hai, spandana kriyA karatA hai, jIva dravya

Page #114
sarvadizAoM meM jAtA hai, kSubdha hotA hai| mukta jIvoM meM Urdhva gati ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prANamaya jIva bhagavatIsUtra meM jahA~ eka ora jIva va cetanA ko abhinna mAnA hai vahIM prANa va jIva kI bhinnatA ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai- jIvati tAva niyamA jIve jIve puNa siya jIvati siya no jIvati - (6.10.6) arthAt jo prANoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha to nizcita rUpa se jIva hai, kintu jo jIva hai vaha kadAcita prANoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai kadAcit dhAraNa nahIM bhI karatA hai| zuddhAtmA ke prANa nahIM hote haiN| vaha kevala jJAnadarzana svarUpa hotA hai| dravyasaMgraha4 meM bhI vyavahAra dRSTi se indriya, bala, Ayu va zvAsocchvAsa ina cAra prANa vAle ko jIva kahA gayA hai| upayoga bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva kA pramukha lakSaNa upayoga mAnA gayA hai- guNato uvayogaguNe (2.10.5) / upayoga ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| 1. sAkAropayoga, 2. anaakaaropyog| jJAna ko sAkAropayoga va darzana ko anAkAropayoga kahA jAtA hai| jJAna va darzana donoM ko hI graMtha meM AtmA se abhinna mAnA hai- AyA siya NANe, siya annANe, NANe puNa niyamaM AyA -(12.10.10) arthAt AtmA kadAcit jJAna rUpa bhI hai, kadAcit ajJAna rUpa bhI hai, kintu jJAna to nizcita rUpa se AtmasvarUpa hI hai| yahA~ AtmA ko jJAnarUpa ke sAtha-sAtha kadAcit ajJAna svarUpa kahane kA abhiprAya jJAna kA abhAva nahIM hai varana mithyAjJAna yukta honA hai| jJAnarUpa hone kA artha samyag jJAna se yukta honA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI AtmA va jJAna kI isI abhinnatA kA varNana huA haije AtA se viNNAtA, je viNNAtA se AtA - (1.5.6.171) arthAt jo AtmA hai vahI jJAna hai aura jo jJAna hai vahI AtmA hai| paMcAstikAya26 meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne jJAna va AtmA kI abhinnatA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jJAnI va jJAna ko sarvathA bhinna mAnane para AtmA aura jJAna donoM acetana ho jaayeNge| bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna va AtmA kI abhinnatA ke sAtha-sAtha darzana ko bhI AtmarUpa mAnA hai| yathA- AyA niyamaM daMsaNe; daMsaNe vi niyamaM AyA - (12.10.16) / kartA va bhoktA __ bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva ko kartA va bhoktA donoM hI rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai| jIva ke kartRtva ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai- jIva ke karma cetanAkRta hote haiM bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 88

Page #115
arthAt svakRta hote haiN| jIvoM ke AhAra, zarIra, kalevara Adi rUpoM se saMcita kiye hue pudgala usa rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM isalie ve acetanAkRta nahIM hote haiN| isI prakAra prANAtipAta Adi kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM ko AtmakRta kahA gayA hai parakRta nahIM 28 prANAtipAta Adi kriyAoM meM vartamAna jIva va jIvAtmA kI bhinnatA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue graMtha meM kahA gayA hai- prANAtipAtAdi meM vartamAna jIva aura jIvAtmA pRthak-pRthak nahIM hai varan vahI jIva va jIvAtmA hai arthAt jIva hI prANAtipAtAdi kriyAoM kA kartA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva ko jahA~ eka ora karmoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai vahIM dUsarI ora ina svakRta karmoM ke bhoktA ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra karate hue jIva ko kAmI va bhogI donoM hI mAnA hai- jIvA kAmI vi bhogI vi - (7.7.13) / kAmabhoga jIvoM ke hotA hai, ajIvoM ke nhiiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM eka sthAna para yaha kahA gayA hai ki jIva svakRta karmoM meM se kucha bhogatA hai kucha nhiiN| yahA~ isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki udIrNa ko bhogatA hai tathA jo karma udIrNa nahIM hue haiM unheM nahIM bhogatA hai, unheM udIrNa hone para bhogegaa|" kRta karma bhoge binA mokSa nahIM isa siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki nAraka, tiryaMcayonika, manuSya yA deva ne jo pApakarma kiye haiM, unheM bhoge binA mokSa nahIM hotA hai| cAroM gatiyoM meM kRta karma ko avazya hI bhogatA hai parantu kisI karma ko vipAka se bhogatA hai kisI karma ko pradeza se bhogatA hai| bAMdhe hue karmoM ke anusAra (yathA karma), nikaraNoM (yathA nikaraNa) ke anusAra jaisA-jaisA bhagavAn ne dekhA hai vaisA-vaisA vaha vipariNAma paaegaa| jIva apane karmoM se hI isa bhava ko chor3akara anya bhava ko prApta karate haiM / arthAt jIva kisI bhI bhava meM apane karmoM ke phala se hI utpanna hotA hai kisI anya ke karmoM se nhiiN| ve jIva apane adhyavasAya yoga se niSpanna karmabaMdha ke hetu dvArA parabhava kI Ayu bAMdhate haiN| jIva ke bhoktA bhAva ko spaSTa karate hue graMtha34 meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jIva bhoktA hai ataH ajIva dravya, jIva dravya ke paribhoga meM Ate haiN| jIva-dravya, ajIva-dravyoM ko grahaNakara audArika, vaikriyAdi pAMca zarIroM zrotrendriyAdi pAMca indriyoM, mana, vacana, kAya-yoga, zvAsocchvAsa Adi rUpa meM pariNamAte haiN| uttarAdhyayana5 meM bhI jIva ko karmoM kA kartA va bhoktA donoM hI rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai ki AtmA nAnAvidha karmoM kA kartA hai| bhoktA ke rUpa meM vaha aneka jAti va yoniyoM meM janma letA hai tathA kuta karmoM jIva dravya

Page #116
kA phala bhoge binA use mokSa nahIM hotA hai / samayasAra meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne kahA hai ki vyavahAra naya se AtmA aneka pudgala karmoM kA kartA aneka karma pudgaloM kA bhoktA hai| prAcIna jaina graMthoM se hI nahIM upaniSadoM se prApta jIvavicAra se bhagavatIsUtra kI isa mAnyatA kA samarthana hotA hai ki jIvAtmA phala ke lie karmoM kA kartA hai aura kiye hue karmoM kA bhoktA bhI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva meM kartRtva va bhoktRtva donoM bhAva svIkAra kiye gaye haiM / saMbhavataH usa samaya kucha aisI mAnyatAe~ pracalita rahI hoMgI jo isa bAta meM vizvAsa karatI thIM ki karmoM kA kartA koI aura tathA bhoktA koI aura hai| yadi Izvara kI kRpA ho jAya to vyakti ko apane duSkarmoM kA phala hI nahIM bhoganA par3egA / kintu, bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina bhrAMta mAnyatAoM kA nirAsana karate hue isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ki jIva svayaM hI apane karmoM kA kartA hai unhIM karmoM ke pariNAmAnusAra vaha sukha-duHkha ko bhogegA / svadeha parimANa jIva yA AtmA ke parimANa ko lekara dArzanikoM ne apane-apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiM / isa saMbaMdha meM prAya: darzanoM meM matabheda haiM / sAMkhya, nyAya, vaizeSika Adi darzana AtmA ko amUrta hone ke kAraNa AkAza kI taraha sarvavyApaka mAnate haiN| gItA meM bhI AtmA kI sarva vyApakatA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / kucha vedAntavAdI, mAdhavAcArya Adi ne AtmA ko aNu rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 39 1 bhagavatIsUtra meM AtmA ko na sarvavyApaka mAnA hai na aNuparimANa varan anya jaina graMthoM kI taraha svadeha - parimANa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jIva kI svadehaparimANa yogyatA ko udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa karate hue graMtha meM kahA hai ki hAthI kuMthue kA jIva samAna hotA hai / yadyapi unameM zarIroM kA antara hai / hAthI kA zarIra bar3A va kuMthue kA zarIra choTA hotA hai, kintu sabhI jIva samAna rUpa se asaMkhyAta pradeza vAle hote haiN| zarIra ke AkAra ke anusAra hI jIva ke pradezoM kA saMkocana va vistAra hotA rahatA hai / ise dIpaka ke dRSTAnta dvArA isa prakAra samajhAyA gayA hai| jaise - eka dIpaka kA prakAza eka kamare meM phailA huA hai aura use kisI bartana se Dhaka diyA jAya to vaha prakAza bartana - parimita ho jAtA hai, isI prakAra jaba jIva hAthI kA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai to vaha utane bar3e zarIra meM vyApta rahatA hai| isa prakAra choTe-bar3e zarIra kA hI antara rahatA hai, jIva meM kucha bhI antara nahIM hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 90

Page #117
sabhI jIva samAna rUpa se asaMkhyAta pradezoM vAle haiN| una pradezoM kA saMkocanavistAra mAtra hotA hai| gaNadharavAda42 meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA sarvavyApI nahIM apitu zarIravyApI hai| jaise- ghaTa guNa ghaTa meM hI upalabdha hai usI taraha AtmA ke guNa zarIra meM hI upalabdha haiN| zarIra se bAhara (saMsArI) AtmA kI anupalabdhi hai, ataH zarIra meM hI usakA nivAsa hai| kartRtva, bhoktRtva, baMdha, mokSa Adi yukti-yukta tabhI banate haiM jaba AtmA ko aneka aura zarIra-vyApI mAnA jaay| pravacanasAra TIkA3 meM AcArya amRtacandra ne AtmA kI svadeha parimANa vRtti ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA sthUla tathA kRza zarIra meM, bAlaka tathA kumAra ke zarIra meM vyApta hotA hai| isI bAta ko bhagavatIsUtra meM spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jIva zarIra meM sarvavyApI hai arthAt zarIra ke hara aMza meM jIva vyApta hai| ise punaH udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| kachuA, godhA, gAya, manuSya, bhaiMsA va unakI paMkti ina sabake do, tIna yA saMkhyAta Tukar3e kara diye jAye to bhI unake bIca kA bhAga jIva-pradeza se spRSTa rahatA hai| yahA~ kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA karmoM ke anusAra jisa zarIra ko prApta karatA hai apanA saMkocana va vistAra usI zarIra ke anusAra kara letA hai, phira usa zarIra kA koI bhI aMza aisA nahIM jahA~ AtmA ke pradeza na hoN| jIva cAhe choTI deha ko dhAraNa karane vAlA ho yA bar3I deha ko dhAraNa karane vAlA ho avirati kA sadbhAva donoM meM eka samAna hI rahatA hai| gautama dvArA yaha pUche jAne para ki hAthI aura kuMthue ke jIva ko kyA samAna rUpa se apratyAkhyAnikI kriyA lagatI hai? isakA uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki avirati kI apekSA se donoM ko samAna apratyAkhyAnikI kriyA lgegii| nityAnityatA jaina-darzana meM dravya kA lakSaNa sat svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura sat vahI hai jo utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvya ina tInoM guNoM se yukta hai| isI dRSTikoNa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva ko syAdvAdazailI meM zAzvata va azAzvata donoM hI rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yathA- goyamA! jIvA siya sAsatA, siya asAsatA - (7.2.36) / dravya kI dRSTi se jIva zAzvata hai aura bhAva (paryAya) kI dRSTi se jIva azAzvata hai| paMcAstikAya7 meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne bhI AtmA kI nityatA va anityatA ko samajhAte hue kahA hai ki manuSyatva se naSTa huA jIva devatva ko prApta jIva dravya 91

Page #118
hotA hai para isameM jIva na utpanna hotA hai na naSTa hotA hai / jIva kI nityAnityatA se kyA tAtparya hai ise spaSTa karate hue jamAlI ke prasaMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki tInoM kAloM meM aisA koI samaya nahIM jaba jIva na ho isalie jIva zAzvata, dhruva evaM nitya kahA gayA hai / kintu, nAraka miTakara tiryaMca hotA hai / tiryaMca miTakara manuSya banatA hai aura kadAcit manuSya hokara vaha deva ho jAtA hai / isa apekSA se vaha azAzvata va anitya hai / I spaSTa hai ki yahA~ jIva ko traikAlika hone ke kAraNa dravyArthikanaya kI apekSA se zAzvata kahA gayA hai, kintu bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM meM pariNamana karane ke kAraNa paryAyArthika naya kI dRSTi se azAzvata kahA hai / nAnA avasthAoM meM rahane para bhI jIvatva kabhI lupta nahIM hotA para jIva kI avasthAe~ lupta hotI rahatI haiN| bhautikavAdI darzana jahA~ AtmA ko sarvathA anitya rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM tathA zAzvatavAdI darzana AtmA ko sarvathA nitya rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda donoM ke samanvaya kA prayatna hai / cetana jIva- dravya kA viccheda kabhI nahIM hotA hai / isa dRSTi se jIva ko nitya mAnakara zAzvatavAda ko prazraya diyA gayA hai aura jIva kI nAnA avasthAe~ jo spaSTa rUpa se vichinna hotI huI dekhI jAtI haiM, unakI apekSA se ucchedavAda ko bhI prazraya diyA gayA hai / 19 sAntatA va anantatA jIva kI sAntatA va anantatA ko bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / dravya kI apekSA eka jIva anta sahita hai / kSetra kI apekSA se jIva asaMkhya pradeza vAlA hai aura asaMkhya pradezoM kA avagAhana kie hue hai, ata: vaha antasahita hai / kAla kI apekSA se aisA koI kAla nahIM thA, jisameM jIva - dravya na thA; aisA koI kAla nahIM hai, jisameM jIva- dravya nahIM rahegA ataH jIva-dravya dhruva, niyata, zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya hai| bhAva kI apekSA se jIva ananta jJAnaparyAyarUpa hai, ananta darzanaparyAyarUpa hai, anantacAritraparyAyarUpa hai, ananta gurulaghuparyAyarUpa hai, ananta agurulaghuparyAyarUpa hai aura anta rahita hai / isa prakAra dravya-jIva va kSetra - jIva anta sahita hai, tathA kAla - jIva aura bhAva - jIva anta rahita hai / abhedya achedya bhagavatIsUtra'" meM jIva ko abhedya, achedya, adAhya kahA hai arthAt jIva kA chedana-bhedana nahIM ho sakatA hai / zastrAdi se prahAra karane para jIva ke pradezoM para bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 92

Page #119
koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| ise dRSTAMta dvArA samajhAte hue kahA hai ki koI puruSa kachue, gAya, bhaiMse, manuSya Adi ke do tIna yA saMkhyAta Tukar3e karane ke pazcAt una Tukar3oM ke bIca ke bhAga ko hAtha se, paira se, aMguli se, zalAkA se, kASTha se yA lakar3I ke choTe se Tukar3e se sparza kareM, khIMce yA kisI tIkSNa (zastra) se chede yA agnikAya use jalAye to bhI vaha jIva- pradezoM ko jarA bhI cheda nahIM sakatA, na hI use thor3I bhI pIr3A pahu~cA sakatA hai| jIva ke pradezoM para ina saba cIjoM ke prahAra se koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| gurutva va laghutva kI dhAraNA bhagavatIsUtra" meM batAyA gayA hai ki prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa, kalaha, abhyAkhyAna, paizunya, ratiarati paraparivAda, mAyAmRSA aura mithyAdarzanazalya ina aThAraha pApasthAnoM ke sevana karane se jIva zIghra gurutva ( bhArIpana ) ko prApta hotA hai, ina aThAraha pApasthAnoM se virata hone para jIva laghutva (halkepana) ko prApta karatA hai / ise spaSTa kara hue Age kahA hai ki jIva prANAtipAta Adi pApoM kA sevana karane se saMsAra ko bar3hAte haiM aura bAra- bAra bhava- bhramaNa karate haiM tathA inase nivRtta hone se jIva saMsAra ko ghaTAte haiM, alpakAlIna karake saMsAra ko lAMgha jAte haiN| jIva pariNAma va pariNamana dravya kA eka avasthA badalakara dUsarI avasthA ko jAnA pariNAma yA pariNamana kahalAtA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva ke dasa pariNAma batAye gaye haiM 1. gati, 2. indriya, 3. kaSAya, 4. lezyA, 5. yoga, 6. upayoga, 7. jJAna, 8. darzana, 9. cAritra, 10. veda / yahA~ prajJApanAsUtra kA samagra pariNAmapada dekhane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke pariNamana ko vistAra se samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda Adi aThAraha pApasthAna, autpatikI Adi cAra prakAra kI buddhi, avagraha Adi matijJAna, utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSa - parAkrama, nAraka Adi gatiyA~, jJAnAvaraNIyAdi ATha karma, lezyA, tIna ajJAna, cAra darzana, pA~ca jJAna, tIna dRSTi, cAra saMjJA, pAMca zarIra, tIna yoga, sAkAropayoga evaM anAkAropayoga; ye saba va inake jaise anya dharma AtmA ke sivAya anyatra pariNamana nahIM karate haiM / vastutaH ye sabhI AtmA ke paryAya haiM aura paryAya apanI paryAyI ke sAtha kathaMcit eka rUpa hote haiM, ataH ye sabhI paryAya AtmarUpa hone ke kAraNa AtmA se anyatra bhinna padArtha meM pariNamana nahIM karate haiM 154 jIva dravya 93

Page #120
jIva ke paryAyavAcI" jIva ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha bhagavatIsUtra meM milatA hai| jIva, jIvAstikAya, prANa, bhUta, sattva, vijJa, cetA, jetA, AtmA, raMgaNa, hiNDuka, pudgala, mAnava, kartA, vikartA, jagata, jantu, yoni, svayambhU, sazarIrI, nAyaka evaM antarAtmA, ye saba va inake samAna anya aneka abhivacana jIva ke haiM / bhagavatI vRtti " meM ina sabhI zabdoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra" meM mRtAdi nirgratha ke bhava- bhramaNa evaM bhavAntakaraNa ke prasaMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIvAdi kucha zabdoM kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- jIva bAhya aura Abhyantara ucchvAsa tathA ni:zvAsa letA hai aura chor3atA hai, isalie use 'prANa' kahanA cAhiye / vaha bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna meM hai isalie use 'bhUta' kahanA cAhiye / vaha jIva hone se jItA hai, jIvatva evaM AyuSyakarma kA anubhava karatA hai isalie, use 'jIva' kahanA cAhiye / vaha zubha va azubha karmoM se sambaddha hai isalie, 'satva' kahanA cAhiye / vaha tikta, kaTu-kaSAya, khaTTA aura mIThA, ina rasoM kA vettA (jJAtA) hai isalie, use 'vijJa' kahanA cAhiye tathA vaha sukha-duHkha kA vedana karatA hai, isalie use 'veda' kahanA cAhiye / jIva ke pradeza tattvArthasUtra" meM dharmAstikAya tathA adharmAstikAya dravyoM kI taraha jIva ko bhI asaMkhyAta pradeza mAnA hai| kintu, jIva ke pradeza buddhi kalpita hote haiM jo vastubhUta skaMdha se paramANu kI taraha pRthak nahIM kiye jA sakate haiM / jIva ke pradezoM kA vivecana karate hue bhagavatIsUtra" meM kahA gayA hai ki lokAkAza ke jitane pradeza haiM, utane hI eka-eka jIva ke jIva pradeza haiN| cUMki lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza mAne gaye haiN| ataH eka jIva ke bhI asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM / sampUrNa jIvAstikAya ke anaMta pradeza hote haiM / jIva ke deza va pradeza kA pRthak rUpa se ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki lokAkAza meM jIva bhI haiM, jIva ke deza bhI haiM, jIva ke pradeza bhI haiM - goyamA ! jIvA vi jIvadesA vi jIvapadesA vi - (2.10.11) / ananta jIva dravya jaina-darzana aneka AtmA ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karatA hai / jaina darzana ke maulika graMtha 'tattvArthasUtra' meM 'jIvAzca' - ( 52 ) sUtra kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / yaha sUtra jaina-darzana ke aneka AtmavAda siddhAnta ko puSTa karatA hai / akalaMka" ne 'jIvAzca' sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki jIvoM kI anantatA aura bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 94

Page #121
vividhatA sUcita karane ke lie 'jIvAzca' bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| saMsArI jIva gati Adi caudaha mArgaNAsthAna, mithyA dRSTi Adi caudaha guNasthAna, sUkSma, bAdara Adi caudaha jIva sthAnoM ke vikalpoM se aneka prakAra ke haiN| mukta jIva bhI eka, do, tIna saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, samayasiddha zarIrAkAra, avagAhanAdi ke bheda se aneka prakAra ke haiN| jIva kI anantatA ke isI siddhAnta ko spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra61 meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva-dravya saMkhyAta nahIM asaMkhyAta nahIM ananta haiM / nairayika, vAyukAyika Adi asaMkhyAta haiM aura vanaspatikAyika ananta haiM, dvIndriya, vaimAnika Adi asaMkhyAta haiM, siddha ananta haiN| isa kAraNa yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jIva dravya ananta haiN| dravya kI apekSA se bhagavatIsUtra meM jIvAstikAya ko ananta jIva dravya rUpa mAnA hai| - davvato NaM jIvatthikAe aNaMtAI jIvadavvAiM- (2.10.5) / jIvoM kI anantatA ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavatIsUtra meM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki jIva ghaTate-bar3hate nahIM haiN| kintu, avasthita rahate haiN| avasthita se tAtparya hai ki jIvoM kI utpatti va maraNa samAna saMkhyA meM honaa| athavA kucha kAla taka jIva kA janma-maraNa nahIM honaa| jIvoM kI avasthiti ke viSaya meM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki jIva sarvaddhA (saba kAla meM) avasthita rahate haiN| jIva ke bhAva ___ karmoM ke saMyoga va viyoga ke kAraNa jIva kI jo avasthA vizeSa hotI hai, vaha bhAva kahalAtI hai| jIva anAdi kAla se karmabaMdhana yukta hai| jaba taka karmoM kA baMdhana calatA rahatA hai, jIva ke bhAva pariNata hote rahate haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM jIva ke pA~ca bhAva batAye haiM___1. aupazamika, 2. kSAyika, 3. mizra (kSAyopazamika), 4. audayika, 5. paarinnaamik| bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva ke chaH bhAva batAye haiM 1.audayika, 2. aupazamika, 3. kSAyika, 4. kSAyopazamika, 5. pAriNAmika, 6. sAnnipAtika audayika bhAva- karmoM ke udaya se hone vAlI AtmA kI avasthA audayika bhAva hai| yaha AThoM karmoM kA hotA hai| aupazamika bhAva- isa avasthA meM udaya ATha karmoM kA hotA hai para upazama kevala mohanIya karma kA hotA hai| isa avasthA meM mohanIya karma pUrNa rUpa se prabhAvahIna ho jAtA hai| jIva dravya 95

Page #122
kSAyika bhAva- karmoM ke kSaya se hone vAlI AtmA kI avasthA, kSAyika bhAva hai| kSAyopazamika bhAva- jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura aMtarAya ina ghAti karmoM ke halkepana se AtmA kI jo avasthA hotI hai, vaha kSAyopazamika bhAva hai| isa avasthA meM pratipala, pratikSaNa karma kA udaya, vedana va kSaya hotA rahatA hai| pAriNAmika bhAva- karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama ke binA svabhAvataH jIva meM jo pariNatiyA~ hotI haiM, vaha pAriNAmika bhAva hai| sAnnipAtika bhAva- audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura pAriNAmika ina pA~coM bhAvoM meM se do, tIna, cAra yA pA~ca bhAvoM ke milane se jo bhAva niSpanna hote haiM, ve saba sAnnipAtika bhAva haiN| jIva athavA AtmA ke ATha prakAra AtmA caitanasvarUpa hai tathA upayoga ko usakA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| lekina yaha caitanya sabhI prANiyoM meM sarvadA eka sA nahIM rahatA hai| usameM rUpAntaraNa hotA rahatA hai| isI rUpAntaraNa ko paryAya parivartana kahA jAtA hai| AtmA eka dravya hai, kintu usameM paryAya parivartana pratikSaNa hote rahate haiN| isa prakAra paryAya parivartana kI dRSTi se AtmA ke ananta bheda ho sakate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM mukhyarUpa se AtmA ke ATha bheda kiye haiN| ____ 1. dravya-AtmA, 2. kaSAya-AtmA, 3. yoga-AtmA, 4. upayoga-AtmA, 5. jJAna-AtmA, 6. darzana-AtmA, 7. cAritra-AtmA, 8. vIrya-AtmA dravya-AtmA- dravyAtmA cetanAmaya asaMkhya, avibhAjya pradezoM-avayavoM kA akhaMDa samUha hai| isameM kevala vizuddha Atma-dravya ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| paryAyoM ko gauNa mAna liyA gayA hai| yaha zuddha cetanA rUpa hai| kaSAya-AtmA- krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha se raMjita huA AtmA kaSAyAtmA hotA hai| yoga-AtmA- AtmA kI sabhI pravRttiyA~ yoga ke mAdhyama se kI jAtI haiM, ataH AtmA kA eka bheda yoga-AtmA bhI mAnA gayA hai| upayoga-AtmA- jJAna darzana rUpa, upayoga pradhAna AtmA upayoga-AtmA kahalAtI hai| jJAna-AtmA- jJAnAtmaka cetanA ko jJAna-AtmA kahate haiN| yaha samyag dRSTi jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai| 96 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #123
darzana-AtmA- darzanAtmaka cetanA ko darzana-AtmA kahA jAtA hai| cAritra-AtmA- AtmA kI viziSTa saMyamamUlaka avasthA cAritra-AtmA ke nAma se vizruta hai| vIrya-AtmA- AtmA kI zakti vIrya-AtmA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| AtmA ke ukta ATha prakAra apekSA bheda se kiye gaye haiN| anaMta paryAyoM kI dRSTi se AtmA ke anaMta bheda ho sakate haiN| kauna sI AtmA ke sAtha kauna sI AtmA pAI jAtI hai, isakA graMtha meM vistAra se vivecana huA hai| jIva va pudgala kA saMbaMdha loka vyavasthA ke saMcAlana hetu bhagavatIsUtra meM mukhya rUpa se do tattvajIva aura ajIva svIkAra kiye haiN| graMtha meM ajIva ke punaH rUpI va arUpI do vibhAga karane para ekamAtra pudgala ko rUpI tattva tathA dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla ko arUpI mAnakara tattvoM kI saMkhyA cha: mAna lI gaI hai| ina cha: tattvoM meM se jIva va pudgala ye do tattva aise haiM jo loka vyavasthA ke saMcAlana meM mahatvapUrNa haiN| inake saMyoga va viyoga se yaha sampUrNa dRzyamAna jagata rUpI raMgamaMca calatA hai| lekina sampUrNa jagata ko calAne vAle ye donoM tattva svabhAvataH sarvathA hI bhinna haiN| jahA~ jIva caitanya svarUpa va amUrta hai vahIM pudgala mUrta va acetana hai| donoM eka sAtha rahate va kArya karate hue bhI kabhI bhI eka dUsare ke svabhAva ko grahaNa nahIM karate haiN| jIva kabhI acetana nahIM bana sakatA hai na hI pudgala kabhI cetana rUpa bana sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki jIva va ajIva donoM ke saMyoga se hI isa dRzyamAna jagata kI sRSTi hotI hai to yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki jIva va ajIva kA saMbaMdha kaise hotA hai tathA usakA kyA svarUpa hai? bhagavatIsatra meM jIva va ajIva ke saMbaMdha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai hai-asthi NaM bhaMte! jIvA ya poggalA ya annamanabaddhA annamannapuTTA annamanamogADhA annamannasiheNapaDibaddhA annamanaghaDattAe ciTuMti? haMtA, atthi - (1.6.26) / arthAt jIva va pudgala paraspara spRSTa haiM, paraspara gAr3harUpa se mile hue haiM, paraspara snigdhatA se pratibaddha haiM, paraspara gAr3ha hokara rahe hue haiN| punaH ise eka dRSTAnta dvArA samajhAte hue kahA gayA ki jaise koI tAlAba ho, vaha jala se pUrNa ho, pAnI se labAlaba bharA ho, pAnI se chalaka rahA ho, pAnI se pUrNa bhare hue ghar3e ke samAna hai| usa tAlAba meM yadi sau chidroM vAlI koI naukA chor3I jAya to vaha naukA bhI pAnI se labAlaba bhare hue usa ghar3e ke samAna hI ho jaayegii| jIva dravya 97

Page #124
arthAt naukA va tAlAba ekAkAra ho jaayeNge| usI prakAra jIva va karma pudgala ekAkAra hokara rahate haiN| yahA~ yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki sabhI jIvoM kA pudgala ke sAtha sambandha nahIM hotA hai| yaha kathana saMsArI jIvoM kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| mukta jIva va pudgala kA sambandha nahIM hotA hai| ise spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA hai ki rUpI (karmayukta) jIva arUpI (karmamukta) nahIM ho sakatA hai tathA arUpI jIva rUpI nahIM ho sakatA hai| rUpI jIva sakarma, sarAga, saveda, samoha, salezyI va sazarIra hotA hai ataH vaha arUpI nahIM ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra akarmI, arAgI, avedI, amohI, alezyI, azarIrI jIva janma-maraNa se mukta huA siddha ho jAtA hai vaha jIva phira punaH rUpI nahIM ho sakatA hai| jIva va pudgala ke paraspara sambandha ko hama nimna binduoM ke AdhAra para aura adhika spaSTa kara sakate haiN| jIva va zarIra- AtmA amUrta hai, use hama dekha nahIM skte| mUrta zarIra meM rahane ke kAraNa hI hama adRzya AtmA kA anubhava kara sakate haiN| AtmA kI jitanI bhI pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM, ve sabhI zarIra ke dvArA hotI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM zarIra ke pA~ca bheda batAye haiM 1. audArika, 2. vaikriya, 3. AhAraka, 4. taijasa, 5. kArmaNa jIva va zarIra meM kyA sambandha hai? kyA jIva va zarIra eka dUsare se bhinna haiM yA sarvathA abhinna? isa viSaya meM prAyaH sabhI darzanoM meM carcA prApta hotI hai| cArvAka jaisA darzana to zarIra ko hI AtmA svIkAra karatA hai| aupaniSada meM AtmA va zarIra ko atyaMta bhinna mAnA hai| bauddha-darzana isa prazna para mauna hI ho jAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jIva va zarIra ke sambandha ko lekara nimna vicAra prastuta kiye gaye haiM__AyA bhante! kAye, anne kAye? goyamA! AyA vi kAye, anne vi kaaye| rUviM bhaMte! kAye pucchaa| goyamA! rUviM pi kAye, arUviM pikaaye| evaM sacitte vikAe, acitte vikAe - (13.7.15-17) arthAt bhagavan zarIra AtmA hai athavA AtmA se bhinna hai? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki zarIra AtmA bhI hai aura usase bhinna bhI hai| zarIra rUpI bhI hai arUpI bhI hai| zarIra sacitta bhI hai acitta bhI hai| ___ zarIra va AtmA ko lekara Aye isa praznottara se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra ne bhedAbhedavAda ko svIkAra karate hue AtmA va zarIra ke saMbaMdhoM kI 98 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #125
vyAkhyA kI hai| unhoMne zarIra ko AtmA se bhinna va abhinna donoM hI rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai| jaba AtmA ko nitya, dhruva, akSaya va zAzvata kahA taba zarIra AtmA se bhinna ho jAtA hai kyoMki AtmA kI taraha zarIra dhruva, nitya, akSaya va zAzvata nahIM hai aura jaba jIva ke dasa pariNAma batAye haiM taba zarIra AtmA se abhinna ho jAtA hai kyoMki ye pariNAma vAstava meM zarIra ke haiM AtmA ke nhiiN| caitanya va zarIra ke isa saMbaMdha kI vyAkhyA karate hue DaoN0 samaNI caitanya prajJAjI ne apane lekha meM likhA hai ki vastutaH cetanA ke vikAsa ke anurUpa zarIra kI racanA hotI hai aura zarIra kI racanA ke anurUpa hI cetanA kI pravRtti hotI hai| zarIra nirmANakAla meM AtmA usakA nimitta banatI hai aura jJAna-kAla meM zarIra ke jJAna tantu cetanA ke sahAyaka banate haiN| saMkSepa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zarIra va AtmA donoM eka dUsare se bhinna hote hue bhI abhinna haiN| jaba AtmA zarIradhArI hotA hai taba zarIra usake kAryakalApoM va vikAsa meM sAdhaka va bAdhaka donoM hI rUpoM meM kArya karatA hai, kintu jaba AtmA deha mukta yA azarIrI ho jAtA hai taba usa para zarIra kA koI prabhAva nahIM rahatA hai| isI taraha jaba taka zarIra meM AtmA kA nivAsa hotA hai vaha sajIva va caitanyarUpa kahalAtA hai, AtmA ke abhAva meM vaha nirjIva va acetana ho jAtA hai| jIva va indriya- jJAna AtmA kA abhinna guNa hai, kintu karmoM se saMyukta hone ke kAraNa AtmA kA jJAna AvRtta rahatA hai| ataH usa jJAna ko prakaTa karane kA mAdhyama indriyA~ haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM pA~ca indriyA~ svIkAra kI gaI haiN| 1. zrotrendriya, 2. cakSurindriya, 3. ghrANendriya, 4. rasendriya, 5. sprshendriy| ina pudgalarUpa indriyoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa AtmA ko bhI abhedopacAra se pudgala va pudgalI donoM kahA hai- jIve poggalI vi poggale vi - (8.10.59) arthAt jIva pudgalI bhI hai aura pudgala bhI hai| isake kAraNa ko dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTa karate hue Age kahA hai ki jaise kisI puruSa ke pAsa chatra ho to use chatrI, daNDa ho to daNDI, ghaTa ho to ghaTI va paTa ho to paTI kahA jAtA hai isI prakAra jIva zrotrendriya-cakSurindriyaghrANendriya-jihvendriya-sparzendriya (pudgala rUpa hone) kI apekSA se pudgalI kahalAtA hai| yahA~ AtmA ko pudgalI kahane se tAtparya saMsArI AtmA se hI hai| saMsArI AtmA ke indriyA~ avazya hI hotI haiN| cAhe unakI nyUnatama saMkhyA hI kyoM na ho aura una indriyoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa hI jIva ko pudgalI kahA gayA hai| mukta AtmAoM ke indriyA~ nahIM hotI haiM ataH unheM pudgalI nahIM kahA hai- siddhe NaM bhaMte! kiM poggalI, poggale? goyamA! no poggalI, poggale - (8.10.61) / jIva dravya

Page #126
jIva va mana- manodravya kA jo samudAya manana-cintana karane meM upakArI hotA hai tathA jo manaH paryApti nAmakarma ke udaya se sampAdita hai, use mana kahate haiN| mana kA bhedana mana kA vidalana mAtra samajhA jAnA caahiye| arthAt mana jaba cintana-manana, smaraNa, nirNaya, saMkalpa, vikalpa Adi karatA hai taba usakA vidalana hotA hai| jIva va mana ke bheda ko spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra'4 meM mana ko jIva se pRthaka mAnA hai| mana AtmA nahIM hai| mana AtmA se bhinna hai, mana rUpI hai, acitta hai, ajIva hai| mana jIvoM ke hotA hai, ajIvoM ke nhiiN| mana ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM1. satyamana, 2. mRSAmana, 3. satyamRSA mana 4. asatya mRssaamn| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jIva va pudgala ke saMbaMdhoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM na sarvathA bhedavAda kA na hI sarvathA abhedavAda ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| apitu unake saMbaMdha ko bhedAbhedavAda se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| saMsAra sthita jIva va pudgala abhinna hokara rahate haiN| sanmatiprakaraNa meM bhI saMsAra sthita AtmA va pudgala ko nIra-kSIravat ekameka batAyA hai| mukta AtmA ke sAtha pudgala kA koI saMbaMdha svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke bheda-prabheda jaina darzana kA AdhArabhUta tattva jIva hI hai| isI tattva kI nIMva para sampUrNa jaina-darzana khaDA hai| acArAMga meM jIva tattva kI mahattA ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jo eka Atma-tattva ko jAna letA hai vaha sampUrNa ko jAna letA hai| jIva tattva ke saMbadha meM jitanA vistRta vivecana jaina-darzana meM prApta hotA hai, utanA anyatra kisI bhI darzana meM nahIM prApta hotA hai| jaina-darzana meM jIva ke svarUpa para hI nahIM usake bhedoM-prabhedoM para bhI vistAra se carcA prApta hotI hai| yoM to jaina darzana meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA anaMta mAnI hai, kintu vyavahAra kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna AdhAroM se jIvoM ke aneka bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiN| prAyaH moTe taura para jaina-darzana meM jIvoM ke tIna prakAra se bheda prApta hote haiN| saMkSepa meM caitanya kI dRSTi se sabhI jIvoM meM ekatva hai kyoMki caitanya jIva kA svabhAva hI hai| madhyama rUpa meM jIva ke do, chaH va caudaha bheda prApta hote haiM tathA vistAra se jIva ke pA~ca sau tiresaTha bheda bhI haiN| jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda ke saMbaMdha meM prajJApanA sUtra va jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra meM vistAra se vivecana prApta hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiN| samagra rUpa se unheM prastuta karanA yahA~ saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu kucha pramukha dRSTikoNoM se jIva ke bheda-prabheda ko vivecita kiyA jA rahA hai| 100 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #127
jIva kA eka bheda7- caitanya ko jIva kA svarUpa mAnate hue jIva va caitanya ko abhinna mAnA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se sabhI jIvoM meM ekatva hone ke kAraNa jIva kA eka bheda cetanAmaya jIva huaa| yaha bheda dravya dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| __ jIva ke do bheda- paryAya kI dRSTi se jIva ke mukhya do bheda kiye haiMgoyamA! jIvA duvihA paNNattA; taMjahA-saMsArasamAvanagA ya asaMsArasamAvannagA ya - (1.8.10, 1.7.7) / 1. saMsArasamApannaka (saMsArI) 2. asaMsArasamApannaka (siddha) asaMsArasamApannaka (siddha) jIva- jisane saMsAra va saMsAra ke prapaMcoM kA nirodha kara liyA hai, jisakA saMsAra-vedanIya karma kSINa va vyucchinna ho gayA, jisane apanA kArya siddha kara liyA hai vaha nirgrantha siddha kahalAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra siddha ke lie buddha, mukta, pAragata, paramparAgata, parinirvRtta, antakRta evaM sarvaduHkhaprahINa Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| siddha jIvoM ko avIrya va kevalajJAna yukta kahA hai|' karmayukta siddha jIvoM meM Urdhva gati ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| siddha jIvoM kI saMkhyA ananta mAnI hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki siddhoM kI saMkhyA ghaTatI nahIM hai avasthita rahatI hai yA bar3hatI hai|82 dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI apekSA se siddha ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki dravya se eka siddha antasahita hai| kSetra se asaMkhyapradezI vAle hone ke kAraNa anta sahita hai| kAla se eka siddha Adi sahita va antarahita hai| bhAva se siddha anantajJAna-darzanaparyAya-rUpa ananta-agurulaghuparyAyarUpa hone se anta rahita hai| AcArAMga4 aura uttarAdhyayana 5 Adi Agama graMthoM meM bhI siddha ke svarUpa para vistRta vivecana prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM mukta-jIva kI avasthA ko maraNa-rahita, vyAdhi-rahita, zarIra-rahita, atyantadukhAbhAvarUpa, niratizayasukharUpa, zAMta, kSemakara, jJAnarUpa, darzanarUpa aura ekAnta adhiSThAna-rUpa batAyA hai| saMsAra-samApannaka (saMsArI) jIva- jo jIva apane karmoM yA saMskAroM ke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoM meM zarIra ko dhAraNa karate haiM tathA maraNa rUpa se saMsaraNa karate haiM, ve saMsArI jIva kahalAte haiN| graMtha meM saMsArI jIva ke chaH bheda kiye gaye haiM- chavvihA saMsArasamAvannagA jIvA paNNatA - (7.4.2) / ___ 1. pRthvIkAyika, 2. apkAyika, 3. tejaskAyika, 4. vAyukAyika, 5. vanaspatikAyika, 6. trasa kaayik| jIva dravya 101

Page #128
sthAvara jIva inameM se pRthvIkAyika Adi prathama pA~ca prakAra ke jIva calane-phirane kI zakti se rahita hone ke kAraNa sthAvara kahalAte haiM / tattvArthasUtra meM pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika aura vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ko sthAvara tathA tejaskAya va vAyukAya ke jIvoM ko dvIndriyAdi ke sAtha trasa kI zreNI meM rakhA hai- tejovAyU dvIndriyAdayazca trasA (2.14) / vivecana meM isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki yadyapi sthAvara nAma karma ke udaya ke dRSTikoNa se to ye jIva asala meM sthAvara hI haiM, kintu yahA~ dvIndriya Adi ke sAtha sirpha gati kA sAdRzya dekhakara unheM trasa kahA gayA hai| trasa ke do bhedoM meM trasa nAma-karma ke udaya vAle ko labdhitrasa kahA gayA hai, ve hI mukhya rUpa se trasa haiM; jaise dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIva / sthAvara nAma karma kA udaya hone para bhI trasa kI sI gati hone ke kAraNa jo trasa kahalAte haiM ve gatisa haiN| ye upacAra mAtra se trasa haiM, jaise vAyukAyika va tejaskAyika | bhagavatIsUtra meM ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM kA vivecana bahuta vistAra se kiyA gayA hai / pandrahaveM zataka tathA tetIsaveM zataka meM unake vibhinna prakAroM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake AdhAra para inakA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| pRthvIkAyika- pRthvI hI jina jIvoM kA zarIra hai, ve pRthvIkAyika jIva kahalAte haiN| yathA pRthvI, zarkarA, bAlukA, upala, zilA, lavaNa, sUryakAMta Adi / sUkSma va sthUla ke bheda se pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiN| 1. sUkSmapRthvIkAyika, 2. bAdarapRthvIkAyika punaH inake paryApta va aparyApta kI dRSTi se do-do prabheda kiye gaye haiM1. paryApta sUkSmapRthvIkAyika 2. aparyApta sUkSmapRthvIkAyika 3. paryApta bAdarapRthvIkAyika 4. aparyApta bAdarapRthvIkAyika apkAyika jIva- jala hI jina jIvoM kA zarIra hai, ve apkAyika jIva kahalAte haiN| yathA- osa kA pAnI, hima, ole, zItodaka, uSNodaka, khAI kA pAnI aadi| isake cAra bheda haiM 1. paryApta sUkSmaapkAyika 2. aparyApta sUkSmaapkAyika 3. paryApta bAdara apkAyika 4. aparyApta bAdaraapkAyika tejaskAyika jIva- agni hI jina jIvoM kA zarIra hai, ve jIva tejaskAyika kahalAte haiN| yathA- aMgAra, jvAlA, ulkA, vidyuta, zuddhAgni, alAva, sUryakAMtamaNi niHsRta ani Adi / isake bhI cAra bheda haiM / 102 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #129
1. paryApta sUkSmatejaskAyika 2. aparyApta sUkSmatejaskAyika 3. paryApta bAdaratejaskAyika 4. aparyApta bAdaratejaskAyika vAyukAyika jIva- vAyu hI jina jIvoM kA zarIra hai, ve vAyukAyika jIva kahalAte haiN| yathA pUrvavAyu, pazcimIvAyu, UrdhvavAyu, adhovAyu, jhaMjhAvata, tanuvAta, ghanavAta, zuddhavAyu aadi| vAyukAyika ke bhI cAra prakAra haiM 1. paryApta sUkSmavAyukAyika 2. aparyApta sUkSmavAyukAyika 3. paryApta bAdaravAyukAyika 4. aparyApta bAdaravAyukAyika vanaspatikAyika- latAdi rUpa vanaspati hI jinakA zarIra hai ve vanaspatikAyika jIva kahalAte haiN| yathA vRkSa, gulma, latA, vallI, tRNa, kuhaNa aadi| vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke bhI cAra bheda prApta hote haiM 1. paryApta sUkSmavanaspatikAyika 2. aparyApta sUkSmavanaspatikAyika 3. paryApta bAdaravanaspatikAyika 4. aparyApta bAdaravanaspatikAyika paryApta bAdaravanaspatikAyika ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| 1. sAdhAraNa zarIra 2. pratyeka zarIra sAdhAraNa zarIra- jinake zarIra meM eka se adhika jIvoM kA nivAsa rahatA hai aura eka ke AhAra se sabakA poSaNa hotA hai, ve sAdhAraNa zarIra jIva kahalAte haiN| jaise AlU, mUlI, aMgabera, harilI, sirilI aadi| nigoda7- sAdhAraNa vanaspatikAya kA zarIra nigoda kahalAtA hai| isa vizva meM asaMkhyaka golaka haiN| eka-eka golaka meM asaMkhyAta nigoda haiM aura eka-eka nigoda meM ananta jIva haiN| inakA AyuSya antarmuharta kA hotA hai| nigoda ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. nigoda 2. nigoda jiiv| nigoda ke punaH do bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. sUkSmanigoda 2. bAdaranigoda ____ asaMkhya zarIra ikaTThe hone para bhI jo A~khoM se dikhAI na de, ve sUkSma-nigoda tathA jinake asaMkhya zarIra ikaTThe hone para A~khoM ko dikhAI de jAte haiM ve bAdaranigoda kahe jAte haiN| jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra meM isakA vistRta vivecana hai| pratyeka zarIra- jinake zarIra meM eka hI jIva kA nivAsa rahatA hai yA jinake zarIra kA svAmI eka hI jIva hotA hai ve pratyeka zarIra kahalAte haiN| jaise vRkSa, guccha, gulma, latA, campA, vallI aadi| bhagavatIsUtra ke ikkIsaveM, bAisaveM va teisaveM zataka meM vanaspati ke vividha prakAroM para avagAhanA, AhAra, lezyA, jJAna samudghAta Adi vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jIva dravya 103

Page #130
sthAvara jIvoM kI sthiti, zvAsa, AhAra Adi kA vivecana bhagavatIsUtra meM sthAvara jIvoM ke AhAra, sthiti, zvAsocchvAsa, vedanA, kriyAkarma, lezyA Adi ke viSaya meM vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sthiti - sthAvara jIvoM kI sthiti kI carcA karate hue graMtha meM kahA hai ki pRthvIkAyika jIvoM kI sthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrta va utkRSTa bAisa hajAra varSa, apkAyika kI utkRSTa sthiti sAta hajAra varSa, tejaskAyika kI tIna ahorAtra, vAyukAyika kI tIna hajAra varSa aura vanaspatikAyika kI dasa hajAra varSa hai| ____ zvAsa- dvIndriya, trIndriya Adi jIvoM kI taraha pRthvIkAyika Adi ekendriya jIvoM ke Abhyantara evaM bAhya ucchvAsa va niHzvAsa ko hama jAnate va dekhate nahIM haiM phira bhI ve Abhyantara va bAhya ucchavAsa va niHzvAsa lete va chor3ate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM vAyukAya meM bhI zvasana prakriyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vAyukAyajIva vAyukAyoM ko hI bAhya va Abhyantara ucchvAsa va niHzvAsa ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM va chor3ate haiN| sthAvara ekendriya jIvoM ke zvAsocchvAsa ke kAla kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki pRthvIkAyika Adi sthAvara jIva vimAtrA se tathA viSama kAla meM zvAsocchvAsa lete haiN|" arthAt inake zvAsocchvAsa kA samaya niyata nahIM hai| AhAra- bhagavatIsUtra meM pRthvIkAyika Adi sthAvara jIvoM ko AhArArthI kahA gayA hai| unakI AhAra zailI kA vistAra se vivecana karate hue graMtha meM kahA gayA hai- ve prati samaya, nirantara AhAra kI abhilASA rakhate haiN| dravya se ananta pradezI dravyoM kA, kSetra se chaH dizAoM se AhAra lete haiM, varNa kI apekSA kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, lAla, hAridra tathA zvate varNa ke dravyoM kA AhAra karate haiN| gaMdha kI apekSA se surabhigaMdha va durabhigaMdha vAle dravyoM kA, rasa kI apekSA se tikta Adi pA~co rasoM vAle dravyoM kA, sparza kI apekSA se kaThora Adi AThoM sparzoM vAle dravyoM kA AhAra karate haiN| ve asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kA AhAra karate haiM, anantaveM bhAga kA sparza AsvAdana karate haiN| pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke ekamAtra sparzendriya hI hotI hai, isalie sparzendriya dvArA kiye gaye AhAra pudgala ko sAtA-asAtA-rUpa se bArabAra pariNamAte haiN| vanaspati-kAyika jIvoM kI AhAra-vivecanA meM kahA hai ki vanaspatikAyika jIva varSA Rtu meM sarvAdhika AhAra karate haiN| tadanaMtara zarada Rtu meM ve sabase kama AhAra karate haiM, kintu bahuta se uSNayoni vAle jIva va pudgala vanaspatikAya ke rUpa meM uga jAte haiM isI kAraNa grISma Rtu meM bhI bahuta se vanaspatikAyika pattoM, phaloM va phUloM se suzobhita hote haiN| 104 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #131
karmabaMdha, kriyA, vedanA, lezyAdi- pRthvIkAyikAdi sthAvara jIvoM ke karmabaMdha kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai ki inake ATha karma-prakRtiyA~ sattA meM rahatI haiN| ye sAta yA ATha karma prakRtiyA~ bAMdhate haiM tathA 14 karma prakRtiyA~ (8 mUla va 6 uttarakarmaprakRtiyA~) vedate haiN| sabhI pRthvIkAyika jIva mAyI va mithyAdRSTi haiM, isalie unheM ArambhikI Adi pA~coM kriyAyeM lagatI haiN| pRthvIkAyikAdi sthAvara jIvoM meM vedanA kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki sabhI pRthvIkAyika jIva asaMjJI haiM ataH samAna vedanA vAle hote haiN| una jIvoM meM aisA tarka, saMjJA, prajJA, mana athavA vacana nahIM hotA ki hama kAMkSAmohanIya karma kA vedana kara rahe haiM, kintu ve usakA vedana avazya karate haiN| ve zArIrika vedanA vedate haiM, mAnasika nahIM 8 vedanA kA pramukha kAraNa 'karaNa' ko batAte hue kahA hai ki inake karaNa zubhAzubha hone se ye karaNa dvArA vimAtrA meM vividha prakAra se vedanA vedate haiN| arthAt zubhakaraNa hone se sAtAvedanA vedate haiM, azubhakaraNa hone se asAtA vedanA vedate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra100 ke prathama adhyayana meM sthAvara jIvoM para sUkSma ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| sthAvara jIvoM meM vedanA kI anubhUti ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai-jisa prakAra kA vedanA bodha janma se aMdhe, badhira, mUka, paMgu aura manuSya ko hotA hai, usI prakAra kA vyakta vedanAbodha pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko bhI hotA hai| vanaspati ko AcArAMga meM cetanA yukta batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki chinna hone para manuSya aura vanaspati donoM mlAna hote haiN| manuSya va vanaspati donoM AhAra karate haiN| Adhunika yuga meM jagadIzacandra vasu ne apane zodha yaMtra dvArA siddha kara diyA ki vanaspati sajIva hotI hai| usameM bhojana, vardhana, zvAsa, prajanana, visarjana, maraNa, anukUlana Adi samasta guNa vidyamAna hote haiN| 'jaina AgamoM meM vanaspati vijJAna' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM kanhaiyAlAla jI lor3hA ne prayogoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai ki zvAsa kI prakriyA vanaspati meM pattoM dvArA sampanna hotI hai| trasa jIva do indriyoM se lekara pA~ca indriyoM taka ke jIvoM kA samAveza trasa jIvoM ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| trasa jIvoM kI jaina granthoM meM karma va kriyA saMbaMdhI do paribhASAe~ milatI haiN| 1. jo cala phira sake, ve trasa jIva kahalAte haiN| 2. karma kI dRSTi se jinake trasa nAma karma kA udaya ho ve trasa jIva kahalAte haiN| ye hI jIva pradhAnatrasa hote haiN| trasa jIvoM meM gati, bhASA, icchA Adi caitanya ke lakSaNa spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hote haiN| inake cAra pramukha bheda kiye gaye haiN|101 jIva dravya 105

Page #132
1. dvIndriya, 2. trIndriya, 3. caturindriya, 4. paMcendriya bhagavatIsUtra102 meM 15veM zataka meM gozAlaka ke vibhinna bhavoM ke prasaMga meM trasa jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dvIndriya jIva- jina jIvoM ke rasanA va sparzana ye do indriyA~ hotI haiM, ve dvIndriya jIva kahalAte haiN| jaise- kRmi, pulAkRmi, kukSikRmi, gaNDoyalaka, zaMkha, zaMkhanaka, sippisaMpuTa, samudralikSA aadi| trIndriya jIva- jina jIvoM meM rasanA, sparzana, ghrANa rUpa tIna indriyA~ hotI haiN| ve trIndriya jIva kahalAte haiN| yathA- kuMthu, opayika, rohiNIka, jhIMgara, gomhI, hastizoNDa aadi| catarindriya jIva- jina jIvoM ke sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa va cakSu rUpa cAra indriyA~ hotI haiM, ve caturindriya jIva kahalAte haiN| jaise- aMdhika pautrika, makkhImacchara, kITa, pataMga, kukkur3a, dolA, bhramara, gomayakITa aadi| dvIndriya se lekara caturindriya taka ke jIva vikalendriya bhI kahe jAte haiN| graMtha meM inakI sthiti, zvAsocchvAsa, AhAra Adi ke saMbaMdha meM vivecana prApta hotA hai| inakI sthiti kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki inakI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hai, va utkRSTa dvIndriya kI bAraha varSa kI, trIndriya kI 49 ahorAtra kI evaM caturindriya kI cha: mAha kI hai| inakA zvAsocchvAsa vimAtrA vAlA (aniyata) batAyA hai| dvIndriya jIvoM kA AhAra do prakAra kA hotA hai, romAhAra evaM prkssepaahaar| jina pudgaloM ko ve roma dvArA grahaNa karate haiM, una sabakA sampUrNa rUpa se AhAra karate haiM tathA jina pudgaloM ko prekSapAhArarUpa se grahaNa karate haiM, una pudgaloM meM se asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga AhAra rUpa meM grahaNa hotA hai, zeSa binA AsvAdana kiye naSTa ho jAtA hai| dvIndriya jIva jina pudgaloM ko AhAra ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM, ve pudagala unake vividhatApUrvaka jihvendriya rUpa meM aura sparzendriya rUpa meM bAra-bAra pariNata hote haiN| isI prakAra trIndriya jIvoM dvArA kiyA gayA AhAra, ghrANendriya, jihvendriya aura sparzendriya ke rUpa meM bAra-bAra pariNata hotA hai|103 isake atirikta graMtha meM dvIndriya Adi trasa jIvoM ke karma, kriyA, lezyA, vedanA Adi ke sambandha meM bhI vivecana haA hai| paMcendriya jIva- jina jIvoM ke sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra rUpa pA~ca indriyA~ hotI haiM, ve paMcendriya jIva kahe jAte haiN| paMcendriya jIvoM meM nAraka, manuSya tiryaMca-paMcendriya va deva cAroM hI samAhita ho jAte haiM- paMcendiyA cauvvihA paNNattA, taM jhaa| Neraiya; tirikkhajoNiyA, maNussA, devA - 106 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #133
(jIvAjIvAbhigama, 31) sabhI jIvoM meM paMcendriya jIvoM kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa inake cAroM prakAra kA vizeSa vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| paMcendriya jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda gati kI dRSTi se paMcendriya jIvoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai1. nairayika, 2. tiryaMca, 3. manuSya, 4. dev| nairayika- jo pApa karmoM ke kAraNa duHkha jhelate haiM tathA adholoka meM utpanna hote haiM, unheM nArakI yA nairayika jIva kahate haiN| jaba pApoM kA puMja atyadhika mAtrA meM ekatrita ho jAtA hai taba jIva naraka meM jAkara utpanna hotA hai| naraka gati ke jIvoM ke pariNAma va lezyA azubhatara hotI hai| ye adholoka meM nivAsa karate haiN| nAraka jIva napuMsaka va upapAta janma vAle hote haiN| graMtha meM sAta naraka pRthviyoM ke nAma va gotra isa prakAra batAye haiM104 gotra-1. ratnaprabhA, 2. zarkarAprabhA, 3. bAlukAprabhA, 4. paMkaprabhA, 5. dhUmaprabhA, 6. tamaHprabhA, 7. mahAtamaprabhA nAma- 1. dhammA, 2. vaMsA, 3. sIlA, 4. aMjaNA, 5. riddhA, 6. maghA, 7. mAghavaI bhagavatIsatra105 meM nAraka jIvoM ke viSaya meM bahata adhika vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAtoM nArakavAsiyoM kI saMkhyA, vizAlatA, vistAra, avakAza, sthAnariktatA, praveza, saMkIrNatA, vyApakatA, karma, kriyA, Asrava, vedana, Rddhi, dyuti, Adi viSayoM meM eka dUsare se taratamatA kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| nArakoM kI vedanA kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki nairayikoM ke pApakarma gAr3hIkRta cikane va zRiSTa hote haiM ataH ve mahAna vedanA ko vedate haiM, unake nirjarA kama hotI hai| unake mana, vacana, kAya va karma ye cAra azubhakaraNa hote haiM, jisase ye asAtA vedanA vedate haiN|106 unake tIna zarIra hote haiM vaikriya, taijasa va kaarmnn|107 nArakoM kI lezyA vivecana meM kahA gayA hai ki pahalI va dUsarI naraka pRthvI meM kApota lezyA, tIsarI naraka pRthvI meM kApota va nIla lezyA, cauthI meM nIla lezyA, pA~cavI meM nIla va kRSNa lezyA, chaThI meM kRSNa lezyA va sAtavIM naraka meM paramakRSNa lezyA hotI hai|108 nairayikoM kI sthiti zvAsocchvAsa va Ahara kI prarUpaNA karate hue graMtha109 meM kahA gayA hai ki nairayikoM kI sthiti jaghanya dasa hajAra varSa tathA utkRSTa tetIsa sAgaropama kI hotI hai| ye satata, sadaiva va nirantara zvAsocchvAsa lete va chor3ate haiN| nairayikoM ke AhAra ko do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| Abhoganirvartita (khAne kI buddhi se jIva dravya 107

Page #134
kiyA jAne vAlA AhAra ) anAbhoganirvartita (AhAra kI icchA ke binA khAyA jAne vAlA AhAra) / uttarAdhyayana 110 meM kahA gayA hai ki nairayika; jIvoM ke duHkha manuSyoM ke duHkhoM kI apekSA bahuta adhika haiM tathA nIce-nIce ke narakoM ke du:kha pUrva-pUrva ke narakoM kI apekSA kaI gune adhika haiM / tiryaMca jIva - ekendriya se lekara caturindriya taka ke jIva tathA paMcendriyoM meM pazuI - pakSI Adi tiryaMca ke jIva kahalAte haiM / nAraka, manuSya va deva ko chor3akara sabhI jIva tiryaMca ke antargata Ate haiM / tiryaMca jIvoM kA vistAra bahuta adhika haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM inake aneka bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiM / ekendriya se caturindriya taka ke jIvoM kI carcA kI jA cukI hai| yahA~ paMcendriya tiryaMca jIvoM ke bheda - prabhedoM kA vivecana prastuta hai paMcendriya tiryaMca- paMcendriya tiryaMca ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM 111 1. jalacara, 2. sthalacara, 3. khecara 1. jalacara tiryaMca - jala meM calane-phirane ke kAraNa inheM jalacara kahate haiN| inake pA~ca bheda haiM- matsya, kacchapa, magara, grAha aura suMsumAra / 1 2. thalacara tiryaMca - jamIna para rahane vAle jIva thalacara kahalAte haiN| inake tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. catuSpada, 2. ura:parisarpa, 3. bhujaparisarpa catuSpada - catuSpada jIva se tAtparya hai cAra paira vAle jIva / inameM eka khura vAle (azva), do khura vAle ( gavAda), gola paira vAle (gaMDIpada) tathA sanakhapada arthAt nakhayukta paira vAle ( siMha Adi) sammilita kiye gaye haiN| uraparisarpa - peTa ke bala reMgane vAle jIva uraparisarpa kahalAte haiM / inameM sarpa, ajagara, AzAlikA, mahAroga Adi ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai / bhujaparisarpa- bhujAoM va vakSasthala ke sahAre se reMgane vAle jIva bhujaparisarpa kahe jAte haiM- chipakalI, goMha, nakula, saraTa ( giragiTa ) Adi / nabhacara tiryaMca- AkAza meM ur3ane vAle jIva nabhacara yA khecara kahalAte haiM inake cAra bheda haiN| 1. carmapakSI ( camar3e ke paMkha vAle jaise - camagAdar3a ) 2. lomapakSI (haMsa, cakavAdi) 3. samudragapakSI (jinake paMkha avikasita hote haiM aura Dabbe ke AkAra sadRzya sadA Dhake rahate haiM ) 4. vitata pakSI (jisake paMkha sadA khule rahate haiN)| yoni saMgraha kI dRSTi se khecara jIvoM ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM 1. aMDaja, 2. potaja, 3. sammUrcchima / 112 aMDe se utpanna hone vAle jIva aMDaja kahalAte haiN| jaise - mora, kabUtara, haMsAdi / jarAyu binA utpanna hone vAle jIva bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 108

Page #135
potaja kahalAte haiM jaise- cmgaaddd'| mAtA-pitA ke saMyoga ke binA utpanna hone vAle jIva saMmUrchima kahalAte haiN| jaise- meMr3haka aadi| ina jIvoM ke viSaya meM jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| iname chaH lezyA, tIna dRSTi, tIna jJAna, tIna ajJAna, tIna yoga va do upayoga pAye jAte haiN| sAmAnyatayA ye cAroM gatiyoM se Akara janma lete haiM inakI sthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrta utkRSTa palyopama kA asaMkhyAtavA~ bhAga hai| manuSya- manuSya gati nAma karma ke udaya se jIva manuSya janma ko prApta karatA hai| madhyaloka ke ar3hAI dvIpa pramANa kSetra meM manuSya jAti kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi manuSyoM ke sukhAdi vaibhava devoM kI tulanA meM anantaguNA hIna mAne gaye haiM, kintu anya sabhI gatiyoM se manuSya gati ko zreSTha va durlabha mAnA gayA hai|13 pratyeka jIva kA carama lakSya mokSa prApti hai aura manuSya gati ko prApta karake hI jIva AtmA ke zuddha rUpa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| manuSya gati kI prApti puNya vizeSa arjana karane para hotI hai| manuSya ke do pramukha bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. saMmUrcchima, 2. grbhj| garbhaja ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. karmabhUmika, 2. akarmabhUmika, 3. antaradvIpaka deva- deva gati jIvoM ke prazasta puNyoM ke kAraNa prApta hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki sAmAnyatayA puNya karmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie jIva devaparyAya ko prApta karate haiN| kabhI-kabhI mithyA tapAdi ke prabhAva se bhI devaparyAya kI prApti hotI hai| saMbhavataH unakI sthiti manuSya se bhI nikRSTa hotI hai| isa kAraNa ye nimna zreNI ke deva kahe jAte haiN| sarvasAmAnya devoM kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI jA sakatI hai; jo upapAta janma vAle tathA janma se hI icchAnukUla zarIra dhAraNa karane kI sAmarthya vAle (vaikriyaka zarIradhArI) strI aura puruSa haiM ve deva kahalAte haiN| yadyapi nAraka jIva bhI upapAta janma vAle tathA janma se hI vaikriyaka zarIradhArI hote haiM, kintu ve napuMsaka hI hote haiN| ataH devoM ko upapAta janmavAle strI yA puruSa isa rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA jA sakatA hai|14 devoM ke vizeSa guNa isa prakAra haiM- deva ajara hote haiM, kintu amara nahIM hote haiM, eka nizcita Ayu ke pazcAta manuSya yA tiryaMcagati meM janma lekara apane zeSa karmoM kA phala avazya bhogate haiN| gItA15 meM bhI isakA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki puNyakarma ke kSINa ho jAne para deva vizAla svargaloka se manuSyaloka meM praveza karate haiN| manuSyaloka meM Akara vizuddha AcAra va dharma kA pAlana karane se mokSa prApti saMbhava jIva dravya 109

Page #136
hotI hai anyathA ye ananta saMsAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| devoM ke tejasa, kArmaNa va vaikriya zarIra hote haiN| cAra kaSAya, cAra saMjJAe~, pA~ca indriyA~ va pA~ca samudghAta hote haiN| devoM ke bheda-prabheda devoM ko pramukha rUpa se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai 1. bhavanavAsI, 2. vANavyantara, 3. jyotiSka, 4. vaimAnika __ bhavanavAsI deva- bhavanoM meM rahane vAle deva bhavanavAsI kahalAte haiN| AhAravihAra, veSa-bhUSA Adi meM rAjakumAroM ke samAna hone ke kAraNa ye 'kumAra' bhI kahe jAte haiN| inake dasa prakAra isa prakAra ginAye gaye haiM 1. asura kumAra, 2. nAga kumAra, 3. suparNakumAra, 4. vidyutakumAra, 5. agnikumAra, 6. dvIpakumAra, 7. udadhikumAra, 8. dizAkumAra, 9. pavanakumAra, 10 stanita kumAra inakA nivAsa sthAna adholoka kI prathama 'ratnaprabhA pRthvI' kA madhyabhAga mAnA gayA hai| graMtha116 meM asarakumAra Adi devoM kI sthiti, AhAra, zvAsocchvAsa Adi ke saMbaMdha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vANavyantara deva- nagaroM, bhavana, AvAsoM Adi vividha sthAnoM meM svecchApUrvaka vicaraNa karane tathA parvata, vRkSa, vana Adi sthaloM para nivAsa karane ke kAraNa ye vANavyantara yA vanacArI deva kahalAte haiN| ye tInoM lokoM meM bhramaNa karate haiN| inake ATha prakAra batAye gaye haiM- 1. kinnara, 2. kimpuruSa, 3. mahoraga, 4. gandharva, 5. yakSa, 6. rAkSasa, 7. bhUta, 8 pishaac| ye deva jina para prasanna ho jAte haiM unakI rakSA va sevA Adi bhI karate haiN| ____jyotiSa deva- apane jyotiSa rUpa se jagata ko prakAzita karane ke kAraNa ye jyotiSa deva kahalAte haiN| inake pA~ca bheda haiM- 1. sUrya, 2. candra, 3. graha, 4. nakSatra, 5. taaraa| ina devoM meM se kucha sthira haiM va kucha gatimAna haiN| manuSya kSetra meM jyotiSa deva gatimAna haiN| inake gamana se hI ghar3I, ghaMTA Adi rUpa se samaya kA jJAna hotA hai| manuSya kSetra ke bAhara ye deva acara haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM sUrya va candra ko jyotiSa devoM kA indra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| unake kAma bhogoM ko anya devoM kI tulanA meM anantaguNA viziSTattara batAyA gayA hai|117 vaimAnika deva- vizeSa sammAnanIya hone ke kAraNa ye Urdhvaloka ke vimAnoM meM rahate haiM isalie 'vaimAnika' kahe jAte haiN| ye do prakAra ke haiM 1. kalpotpanna vaimAnika deva, 2. kalpAtIta vaimAnika dev| 110 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #137
kalpotpanna vaimAnika deva- jo abhiSTa phala dene vAle kalpoM meM utpanna hote haiM, ve kalpotpanna deva kahalAte haiM / kalpoM kI saMkhyA bAraha hai / isa dRSTi se inameM utpanna hone vAle deva bhI bAraha prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. saudharma, 2. IzAna, 3. sanatkumAra, 4. mAhendra, 5. brahma, 6. lAntaka, mahAzukra, 8 sahastrAra, 9. Anata, 10. prANata, 11. AraNa 12. acyuta kalpAtIta vaimAnika deva- kalpa ke Upara rahane ke kAraNa ye kalpAtIta vaimAnika deva kahe jAte haiM / ye do prakAra ke haiN| 1. graiveyaka, 2. anuttara graiveyaka vaimAnika deva- jo puNyazAlI jIva puruSAkAra loka ke grIvA sthAna para nivAsa karate haiM unheM graiveyaka kahate haiM / ye tInoM trikoM meM vibhakta kiye gaye haiN| inakI saMkhyA nau batAI gaI hai 7. 1. adhastana - adhastana 2. adhastana - madhyama, 3. adhastana - uparima, 4. madhyamaadhastana, 5. madhyama-madhyama, 6. madhyama - uparima, 7. uparima- adhastana, 8. uparimamadhyama, 9. uparima- uparima 1 anuttara vaimAnika deva- inake aizvarya kI tulanA kisI anya saMsArI jIva ke aizvarya se nahIM kI jA sakatI ataH ye anuttara vaimAnika deva kahe jAte haiM / ye sabase Upara nivAsa karate haiM / inake Upara anya devoM kA nivAsa nahIM hai / inake pAMca bheda haiM- 1. vijaya, 2. vaijayanta, 3. jayanta, 4. aparAjita, 5. sarvArthasiddha / isa devaloka meM utpanna hone vAle jIva agale bhava meM nizcita rUpa se mokSa pada ko prApta karate haiN| jIva ke paryAptaka va aparyAptaka dRSTi se caudaha bheda 118 1 paryAptaka va aparyAptaka jaina darzana ke pAribhASika zabda haiN| janma ke prAraMbha meM jIvana-yApana ke lie Avazyaka paudgalika zakti ke nirmANa kA nAma paryApta hai svayogya paryApti ko jo pUrNa kara letA hai vaha paryAptaka hai tathA jo pUrNa na kare vaha aparyAptaka hai| ekendriya jIva kI cAra paryAptiyA~ hotI haiM- AhAra, zarIra, indriya va shvaasocchvaas| vikalendriya jIvoM ke aura asaMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke pA~ca paryAptiyA~ hotI haiM; uparokta cAra tathA bhASA / saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke mana hone se chaH paryAptiyA~ hotI haiN| isa prakAra jo ekendriya jIva svayogya cAroM paryAptiyoM ko pUrNa kara letA hai vaha paryAptaka kahalAtA hai tathA jo pUrNa nahIM karatA hai vaha aparyAptaka kahalAtA hai / isI prakAra dvIndriya se paMcendriya taka ke jIva svayogya paryAptiyoM ko pUrA kara lene para paryAptaka tathA pUrA karane se pUrva hI kAla karane para aparyAptaka zreNI meM Ate haiN| isa dRSTi se saMsArI jIva ke caudaha bheda batAye gaye haiM jIva dravya 111

Page #138
1. sUkSma aparyAptaka, 2. sUkSma paryAptaka, 3. bAdara aparyAptaka, 4. bAdara paryAptaka, 5. dvIndriya aparyAptaka, 6. dvIndriya paryAptaka, 7. trIndriya aparyAptaka, 8. trIndriya paryAptaka, 9. caturindriya aparyAptaka, 10. caturindriya paryAptaka 11. asaMjJI paMcedriya aparyAptaka, 12. asaMjJI paMcendriya paryAptaka, 13. saMjJI paMcendriya aparyAptaka, 14. saMjJI paMcendriya paryAptaka jJAnendriya kI apekSA se- sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu tathA karNa ye pAMcoM jJAnendriyA~ mAnI gaI haiN| inameM se jo jIva sirpha eka sparzana indriya se yukta hai vaha ekendriya jIva, sparzana va rasanA se yukta jIva dvIndriya, sparzana, rasanA va ghrANa se yukta trIndriya, sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa va cakSu se yukta caturindriya aura sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu va karNa se yukta paMcendriya jIva kahalAte haiN| __gati kI dRSTi se- janma saMbaMdhI jIva kI cAra paryAyeM haiM, jinheM gati kahA gayA hai| yahA~ gati se tAtparya avasthA vizeSa meM gamana karanA hai| isa gati bheda kI dRSTi se jIva ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiN| 1. deva, 2. manuSya, 3. nAraka, 4. tiryNc| inakA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| saMdarbha 1. majjhimanikAya, 1.38 2. sAMkhyakArikA, 19 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana.- bhAratIya darzana (bhAga-2), pRSTha 148-149 'jIve NaM bhaMte ! sauTThANe sakamme sabale savIrie sapurisakkAraparakkame AyabhAveNa jIvabhAvaM uvadaMsetIti'- vyA.sU. 2.10.9 SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, 49.120 'yathA yaMtrapratimAceSThitaM...sAdhayati'- sarvArthasiddhi, 5.19.563 gaNadharavAda, 1560, 62 8. zAstrI, devendra muni- jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizrUSaNa, pR. 120 9. vahI, pR. 87-89 AcArAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.5.6.176 11. sthAnAMga, muni madhukara, 2.1.1 pR. 24 12. NANaM ca daMsaNa ceva cArittaM ca tavo thaa| vIriyaM uvaogo ya eyaM jIvassa lakkhaNaM / / - uttarAdhyayana, 28.11 13. paMcAstikAya, gA. 27 14. bhAvapAhuDa, gA. 64 pR. 167 15. 'guNato uvayogaguNe'- vyA.sU. 2.10.5 16. 'sAsae jIve jamAlI ! jaNaM na kayAvi NAsi jAva nnicce|' vahI, 9.33.101

Page #139
17. vahI, 20.2.7 18. sthAnAMga, 2.1.1 19. pravacanasAra, adhikAra do. gA. 35 20. aNugurudehapamANo uvasaMhArappasappado cedaa| -- dravyasaMgraha, gA. 10 21. vyA. sU. 2.10.9 22. vahI, 3.3.11 23. vahI, 7.1.13 24. dravyasaMgraha, gA. 3 25. vyA. sU. 16.7.1 26. paMcAstikAya, gA. 48 27. 'jIvANaM ceyakaDA kammA kajaMti, no aceyakaDA kammA kjti|' - vyA. sU. 16.2.17 28. vahI, 1.6.7 29. vahI, 17.2.17 30. vahI, 7.7.5, 10 31. 'udiNNa vedeti, no anudiNNaM vedeti'......... - vahI 1.2.3 32. 'neraiyassa vA, tirikkhajoNiyassa vA, maNUsassa vA, devassa vA je kaDe pAva kamme, Natthi NaM tassa avedaittA mokkho|' vahI, 1.4.6 33. vahI, 25.8.7 34. 'jIvadavvANaM ajIvadavvA paribhogattAe hvvmaagcchNti............| - vahI, 25.2.4 35. uttarAdhyayana, 3.2-4 samayasAra, gA.83 37. zvetAzvatara upaniSada, 5.7 38. gItA, 2.20 39. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan-bhAratIya darzana (bhAga-2) pR. 652 40. vyA. sU. 7.8.2 vyA. sU. (bhAga-2) vivecanA, muni madhukara, pR. 175 42. gaNadharavAda, 1586 43. pravacanasAra, 137 kI TIkA 44. vyA. sR. 8.3.6 45. 'hatthissa ya kuMthussa ya samA ceva apaccakkhANakiriyA kjjti|' - vahI, 7.8.8 46. tattvArthasUtra, 5.29 47. paMcAstikAya, gA. 17 48. vyA. sU. 9.33.101 49. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha - Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 71-72 50. 'davvao jIve saaMte, khettao jIve saaMte, kAlao jIve aNaMte bhAvao jIve aNaMte- vyA. sU. 2.1.24 jIva dravya 113

Page #140
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. vyA. sU., 2.1.8 58. tattvArthasUtra, 5.7-8 59. 65. vahI, 8.3.6 vahI, 1.9.1-3 vahI, 14.4.10 vahI, 20.3.1 vahI, 20.2.7 bhagavatI vRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka, 776-77 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 60. 61. 62. 63. tattvArthasUtra, 2.1 64. 114 'jAvatiyA logAgAsapaesA egamegassa NaM jIvassa evatiyA jIvapaesA paNNattA' - vyA. sU. 8.10.29-30 tattvArthavArtika, 5.3.442 vyA. sU. 25.2.3 'jIvA No vaDDhati, no hAyaMti, avaTThitA / ' vahI, 5.8.10 'chavvihe bhAve pannate, taM jahA udaie uvasamie jAva sannivAtie / ' vyA. sU. 17.1.28-29 anuyogadvAra, nAmAdhikAra, 251 'aTThavihA AyA pannattA, taM jahA -daviyAyA... viriyAyA / ' vyA. sU. 12.10.1 vahI, 1.6.26 vahI, 17.2.18-19 vahI, 16.1.18 vahI, 9.33.101 vahI, 14.4.10 vahI, 17.1.16 2.4.1 16.1.19 bhagavatI vRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka 622 vyA. sU. 13.7.10-14 sanmati prakaraNa, 1.47 AcArAMga muni madhukara, 1.3.4.129, pR. 112 vyA. sU. 6.10.2 vahI, 2.1.9 vahI, 8.2.38, 1.8.10 vahI,7.1.11-13 'aNaMtAsiddhA.....' - vahI, 25.2.3 'siddhA vaDDhaMti, no hAyaMti, avaTThitA vi|' vahI, 5.8.13 vahI, 2.1.24 AcArAMga, sampAM. muni madhukara, 1.5.6.176, pR. 188 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #141
86. 90. 85. uttarAdhyayana, 36.66 vyA. sU. 15.1.138, 33.1 87. vahI, 25.5.45-46 88. jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, pratipatti 5, uddezaka 2, sUtra 338-339 89. vyA. sU. 1.1.6 vahI, 2.1.6 91. vahI, 1.1.6 92. vahI, 1.1.6 93. vahI, 7.3.1-2 94. vahI,33.1.7-16 95. vahI, 1.2.7 96. vahI, 1.2.7 97. vahI, 1.3.14 98. vahI, 16.2.5 99. vahI, 6.1.10 100. AcArAMga, sampA. muni madhukara 1.1.2.15-17, 1.1.5.45 101. tattvArthasUtra, 2.14 102. vyA. sU. 15.1.138 103. vahI, 1.1.6 104. vahI, 12.3.2 105. vyA. sU. 13.4.1-5 106. vahI, 6.1.4-7 107. vahI, 1.5.12 108. vahI, 1.5.28 109. vahI, 1.1.6 110. uttarAdhyayana, 19.48-50 111. vyA. sU. 15.1.138 112. 'tivihe joNIsaMgahe paNNatte, taM jahA-aMDayA poyayA sammucchimA - vahI, 7.5.2 113. uttarAdhyayana, 7.12.23 114. jaina, sudarzanalAla- uttarAdhyayana eka parizIlana, pR. 110 115. gItA, 9.21 116. vyA. sU. 1.1.6 117. vahI, 12.6.8 118. vyA. sU. 25.1.4 jIva dravya 115

Page #142
rUpI-ajIvadravya (pudgagala) ajIvadravya sAdhAraNa bhASA meM to ajIva dravya se tAtparya jIva dravya ke viparIta lakSaNa vAle dravya se hai| jainAgamoM' meM ajIva dravya ko jIva dravya kA pratipakSI kahA gayA hai| paMcAstikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva dravya cetanAmaya va jJAna-darzana upayogavAlA hai| zarIra meM jo jJAnavAna padArtha hai, jo sabhI ko dekhatA hai aura sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, vaha jIva dravya hai aura jisameM cetana guNa kA pUrNa abhAva hai, vaha acetana padArtha, ajIva dravya hai| dravyasaMgraha TIkA' meM ajIva kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hae kahA gayA hai ki cetanA va upayoga jahA~ nahIM hai vaha ajIva hotA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM ajIva kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai ki dharmAdi dravyoM meM jIva kA lakSaNa (cetanA) nahIM pAyA jAtA hai isalie unakI ajIva sAmAnya saMjJA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM ajIva dravya ke do bheda kiye haiM; 1. rUpI-ajIvadravya 2. aruupii-ajiivdrvy| punaH rUpI-ajIva dravya ke cAra tathA arUpI-ajIva dravya ke pA~ca, sAta va dasa bheda bhI kiye haiM, kintu mukhya rUpa se rUpI-ajIva dravya meM pudgala tathA arUpI-ajIvadravya meM dharma, adharma, AkAza va kAla dravya samAhita hote haiN| isI krama meM inakA vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| rUpI-ajIvadravyaH pudgala ___ jaina darzana meM mAnya cha: dravyoM meM pudgala dravya hI ekamAtra aisA dravya hai jo rUpI hai| rUpI dravya se tAtparya hai, jisameM rUpAdi guNoM kA sadbhAva ho| rUpI dravya ko 'mUrta' bhI kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH vijJAna meM jise 'meTara' kahA hai usI ko jaina darzana meM 'pudgala' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| jaina darzana kA 'pudgala' zabda Adhunika vijJAna ke meTara (jar3atattva) ke sAtha sAdRzyatA rakhatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jaina darzana ke isa pudgala kI tulanA vijJAna meM meTara se, nyAya-vaizeSika ke 'bhautika tattva' se athavA sAMkhya ke 'prakRti tattva' se kI jA sakatI hai| bauddha darzana meM pudgala zabda Alaya-vijJAna-cetanA santati ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| 116 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #143
jaina darzana meM 'pudgala' kI saMkhyA anaMta mAnI gaI haiM / ' vizva ke choTe-bar3e sabhI dRzya padArthoM kA samAveza pudgala dravya ke antargata ho jAtA hai| pudgala dravya eka aisA anUThA dravya hai, jo jIva ke samparka meM Akara isa adbhuta sRSTi kA nirmANa karatA hai| jIva yA AtmA pudgala kA saMsarga prApta karake hI vibhinna kriyAkalApa karatI hai|' arthAt hamAre sAmane jo pratyakSa dRzyamAna jagata hai, vaha mUrtadravya pudgala kA hI pariNAma hai| yahA~ yaha jAnanA anivArya hai ki pudgala dravya kA AkarSaNa hI AtmA ko bandhana meM DAlatA hai| pudgala ke saMyoga se AtmA svabhAva ko chor3akara vibhAva meM pariNata hotI hai| ataH AtmA kI mukti ke lie yaha pUrNataH Avazyaka hai ki pudgala dravya (baMdhana) ko jAnA jAve / pudgala dravya ke pUrNajJAna dvArA hI AtmA ya ke tyAga evaM upAdeya ko grahaNa karane meM sakSama hogA aura isI jJAna se vaha apane pUrNa vikAsa (zuddhAtmasvarUpa) ke lakSya ko prApta kara sakegA / pudgala kA artha evaM paribhASA - pudgala zabda jaina darzana kA vizeSa pAribhASika zabda hai, jo do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai| pud+gl| 'pud' kA artha hai; pUrNa honA, milanA yA jur3anA / 'gala' kA artha hai; galanA, haTanA yA TUTanA / arthAt jo dravya niraMtara milatA - galatA rahe, banatA - bigar3atA rahe, TUTatA jur3atA rahe vaha pudgala dravya hai pUraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudgalAH - ( ta. rA. vA. 5.1.24 ) / skandha kI avasthA meM pudgala-paramANu paraspara milate yA jur3ate rahate haiM tathA skandha se paramANu TUTakara alaga-alaga hote rahate haiM / arthAt isameM TUTa-phUTa hotI rahatI hai / ise vijJAna kI bhASA meM phyujana (TUTanA) evaM phijana (jur3anA) kahA jA sakatA hai / cha: dravyoM meM pudgala hI aisA dravya hai, jisameM saMzliSTa va vizliSTa hone kI kSamatA hai| anya pA~ca dravyoM meM nahIM / - 10 yaha to pudgala dravya kI vyutpattimUlaka paribhASA huI / guNAtmaka dRSTi se bhI jainAgamoM meM pudgala kI paribhASA prApta hotI hai / uttarAdhyayana' meM pudgala kI paribhASA dete hue zabda, aMdhakAra, prakAza, prabhA, chAyA, varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparzAdi ko pudgala ke lakSaNa mAnA hai / pravacanasAra " meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne pudgala kI guNAtmaka paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki sUkSma paramANu se lekara mahAskaMdha pRthvI taka meM pudgala ke rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ye cAra guNa vidyamAna rahate haiM / tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne pudgala dravya ko sparza, rasa, gaMdha va varNayukta rUpI - ajIvadravya (pudgala) 117

Page #144
mAnA hai- sparzarasagaMdhavarNavaMtaH pudgalA - (5.23) / paravartI AcAryoM meM AcArya tulasI ne bhI pudgala ko rasa, sparza, gaMdha va varNavAna kahA hai| prAcIna jainAgamoM meM bhagavatIsUtra hI aisA graMtha hai jisame pudgala dravya kA sampUrNa va vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| graMtha meM pudagala ke svarUpa, paryAyavAcI, prakAra, bheda, paramANu kA baMdha, gati Adi aneka pahaluoM para vistAra se vivecana prApta hotA hai| ____ bhagavatIsUtra meM pudgala kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI gaI hai- paMcavaNNe paMcarase, dugaMdhe aTThaphAse rUvI ajIve sAsate avaTTite logadavve - (2.10.6) arthAt pudgala pA~ca varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparzoM se yukta hai| vaha rUpI hai, ajIva dravya hai, zAzvata hai tathA avasthita loka dravya hai| saMkSepa meM pudgala dravya ko dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva va guNa kI apekSA se pA~ca prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| dravya kI apekSA se pudgaladravya anantadravya rUpa hai, kSetra kI apekSA se vaha loka pramANa hai, kAla kI apekSA se vaha tInoM kAloM meM vartamAna hone ke kAraNa nitya hai| bhAva kI apekSA se vaha varNa, gaMdha, rasa va sparza se yukta hai| guNa kI dRSTi se graMtha meM pudgala kA lakSaNa 'grahaNa' rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai- gahaNalakkhaNe NaM poggala'sthikAe - (13.4.28) / pudgala kI ukta paribhASA se usakA guNAtmaka svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| chaH dravyoM meM pudgala hI aisA ajIva dravya hai jo varNAdiguNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa rUpI mAnA gayA hai| sparza, rasa, varNa tathA gaMdha ye cAroM guNa pudgala dravya meM anivAryataH vidyamAna rahate haiM cAhe vaha pudgala hamAre lie dRzya ho yA adRzya ho| ina cAroM guNoM ke kAraNa hI pudgala dravya indriyagAhya arthAt mUrta va rUpI hotA hai| ukta paribhASA meM pudgala ko avasthita loka dravya kahA gayA hai| isase tAtparya hai ki pudgala dravya loka meM hI avasthita hai loka ke bAhara nahIM hai| pudgala kA lakSaNa grahaNa batAyA gayA hai kyoMki eka ora to pudgala dravyoM kA paraspara grahaNabaMdha hotA hai dUsarI ora audArikAdi aneka pudgaloM ke sAtha jIva kA grahaNa (baMdha) hotA hai| varNAdi guNoM ke bheda-prabheda bhagavatIsUtra meM pratipAdita pudgala kI paribhASA meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa va sparza ko pudgala ke pramukha guNa mAne haiN| arthAt koI bhI pudgala dravya cAhe vaha dRzyamAna ho yA adRzyamAna ye guNa usameM Avazyaka rUpa se maujUda rahate haiN| yaha bAta avazya 118 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #145
ho sakatI hai ki kisI pudgala dravya meM koI guNa prakaTa na ho para usake astitva kI saMbhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa tathya ko graMtha 12 meM gur3a (phaNI), bhramara Adi ke udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai ki vyavahAra naya se gur3a bhale hI madhura guNavAlA tathA bhramara kAle guNa vAlA ho, kintu nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se sabhI padArtha pA~ca varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa va ATha sparzavAle haiM / pudgala meM pAye jAne vAle ina varNAdi cAra guNoM ke avAntara bIsa bheda nimna haiM / varNa-varNa se tAtparya dravya meM pAye jAne vAle raMga se hai, jo hameM A~khoM se dikhAI detA hai / isake mukhya pA~ca prakAra haiM; kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA va sapheda / zeSa raMga jo hameM dikhAI dete haiM, ve ina pAMca raMgoM ke samizraNa se hI banate haiM / gaMdha - isakA bodha hameM nAsikA indriya ke dvArA hotA hai| gaMdha do prakAra kI hai; sugaMdha (caMdanAdi se Ane vAlI gaMdha) aura durgaMdha (sar3I vastuoM se Ane vAlI gaMdha) / rasa- hamArI jihvA dvArA hameM jisa svAda kA bodha hotA hai, vaha rasa hai / rasa ke pA~ca prakAra haiM; tIkhA, kaDuA, kasailA, khaTTA aura mIThA / sparza - chUne se hone vAlI anubhUti sparza kahalAtI hai| isake mukhya rUpa se ATha prakAra batAye gaye haiM; kaThora, komala, halkA, bhArI, ThaMDA, garama, cikanA aura rUkhA / varNAdi ye cAroM guNa paraspara sambaddha haiN| jisa dravya meM varNa kA koI bhI avAntara bheda hogA usameM rasAdi kA koI bhI avAntara bheda bhI avazya hogA / arthAt koI bhI guNa prakaTa rUpa meM hameM dikhAI de yA na de, ye cAroM guNa anivArya rUpa se pudgala meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / rUpIdravya 13 chaH dravyoM meM pudgala dravya hI aisA hai, jise hama dekha sakate haiM yA mahasUsa kara sakate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pudgala kI rUpI ajIvakAya ke rUpa meM prarUpaNA karate hue kahA hai ki eka pudgalAstikAya hI rUpI ajIvakAya hai, jisa para koI bhI baiThane, sone, khar3e rahane, nIce baiThane, karavaTa badalane Adi kriyAyeM karane meM samartha hotA hai / saMsthAna saMsthAna se tAtparya hai AkAra yA AkRti / bhagavatIsUtra meM pudgala kI paribhASA meM varNAdi guNoM kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ usake saMsthAna kA rUpI ajIvadravya (pudgala) 119

Page #146
ullekha nahIM hai| kintu, jo dravya varNAdi guNoM se yukta hogA usakA koI AkAra avazya hI hogaa| uttarAdhyayayanasUtra va tattvArthasUtra' meM bhI pudgala kI paribhASA meM use varNAdi cAra guNa vAlA hI batAyA gayA hai| kintu, pudgala ke svabhAva varNana meM use spaSTa rUpa se pA~ca guNoM se yukta batAyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI pudgala pariNAma meM saMsthAna kI carcA kI gaI hai| saMsthAna ke cha: bheda batAye gaye haiM171. parimaNDala (cUDI kI taraha gola) 2. vRta (geMda kI taraha gola) 3. vyasta (trikoNAkAra) 4. catustra (catuSkoNa) 5. Ayata (lakar3I ke AkAra kA lambA) 6. anisthaMstha (aniyata AkAra kA) Age ke sUtra meM saMsthAna ke pA~ca prakAra bhI batAye haiN| vahAM chaThe saMsthAna anisthaMstha kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| saMbhavata: anya AkAroM kA mizraNa hone ke kAraNa yahA~ usakA ullekha nahIM huA hai| pudgala kI anantatA bhagavatIsUtra meM pudgala dravya ko dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva dRSTi se spaSTa karate hue ananta mAnA hai| dravya kI dRSTi se paramANu ananta haiM, dvipradezI skandha se lekara ananta pradezI skandha ananta haiM, ataH pudgala dravya ananta haiN| kSetra kI dRSTi se eka AkAza pradeza para Thahare hue pudgala dravya ananta haiN| kAla kI dRSTi se eka samaya kI sthiti vAle pudgala bhI ananta haiN| pudgala ke cAra bheda bhagavatIsUtra meM rUpI-ajIvadravya (pudgala) ke cAra pramukha bheda kiye gaye haiN| 1. skandha, 2. skandhadeza, 3. skandhapradeza, 4. paramANu-pudgala skandha- aneka paramANuoM kA piNDa skandha kahalAtA hai| skandhadeza- skandha ke kisI kalpita bhAga ko (jo usase pRthaka nahIM hotA hai) skandha deza kahate haiN| skandhapradeza- skandha ke aise sUkSma aMza ko jisake aura vibhAga na ho sake skandha pradeza kahate haiN| paramANu- skandha se pRthak hue niraMza bhAga ko paramANu kahate haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM tathA paMcAstikAya meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne pudgala ke ukta cAra bheda kiye haiN| kintu, niyamasAra22 meM kuMdakuMdAcArya ne skandha ke nimna cha: bheda kiye haiN| 120 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #147
1. atisthUla, 2. sthUla, 3. sthUlasUkSma, 4. sUkSmasthUla, 5. sUkSma, 6. atisUkSma pudgala ke paryAyavAcI bhagavatIsUtra meM pudgala dravya ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| yathA- pudgala, pudgalAstikAya, paramANu-pudgala, dvipradezI skandha se lekara ananta pradezIskandha Adi sabhI zabda pudgala ke paryAyavAcI haiN| pudgala pariNAma pudgala kA eka avasthA se dUsarI avasthA meM parivartita honA pudgala kA pariNAma hai| bhagavatIsUtra24 meM pA~ca prakAra kA pudgala pariNAma batAyA gayA hai| 1. varNapariNAma, 2. gaMdhapariNAma, 3. rasapariNAma, 4. sparzapariNAma, 5. saMsthAnapariNAma varNa pariNAma pAMca prakAra kA hai; kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, lAla va sapheda / gaMdha pariNAma do prakAra kA hai; sugaMdha va durgNdh| rasa pariNAma pA~ca prakAra kA hai; tIkhA, kaDuA, kasailA, khaTTA aura miitthaa| sparza pariNAma ATha prakAra kA hai; kaThora, komala, halkA, bhArI, ThaMDA, garama, cikanA aura ruukhaa| saMsthAna pariNAma pAMca prakAra kA hai; parimaMDala saMsthAna, vRta saMsthAna, vyasta saMsthAna, catustra saMsthAna va Ayata sNsthaan| pariNAma kI dRSTi se jIva va pudgala kI pArasparika pariNati ko lekara pudgala ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN|25 1. prayogapariNata pudgala, 2. mizrapariNata pudgala, 3. visrasApariNata pudgala prayogapariNata pudgala- jIva ke vyApAra se zarIra Adi ke rUpa meM pariNata pudgala prayogapariNata pudgala kahalAte haiN| jaise- indriyA~, zarIra, rakta, mAMsa Adi ke pudgl| mizrapariNata pudgala- aise pudgala jo jIva dvArA prayukta hokara mukta ho cuke haiN| jaise- nAkhUna, mRta zarIra aadi| visrasApariNata pudgala- jina pudgaloM kA pariNamana jIva kI sahAyatA ke binA svAbhAvika rUpa se hotA hai| jaise bAdala, indradhanuSa aadi| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI pudgala pariNamana kI dRSTi se ye tIna bheda prApta hote haiN| pudgala kA AkAra prakAra7 / bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANu se lekara ananta pradezI skandha ke AkAra-prakAra kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| paramANu-pudgala anarddha, amadhya evaM apradeza hote haiN| dvipradezI rUpI-ajIvadravya (pudgala) 121

Page #148
I skandha sArddha, amadhya evaM sapradeza hote haiM / tripradezI-skandha anarddha, samadhya evaM sapradeza hote haiM / isa prakAra saMkhyAtapradezI, asaMkhyAtapradezI va anantapradezI skandhoM meM sabhI samasaMkhyaka paramANu-skandhoM kI sthiti dvipradezI - skandhoM ke samAna tathA viSamasaMkhyaka paramANu - skandhoM kI sthiti tripradezI-skandha ke samAna hotI hai| pudgala kI cAra prakAra kI sthiti bhagavatIsUtra 28 meM pudgala dravya kI cAra prakAra kI sthiti batAI gaI hai| 1. dravya sthAnAyu, 2. bhAva sthAnAyu, 3. kSetra sthAnAyu, 4. avagAhanA sthAnAyu dravya sthAnAyu- paramANu kA paramANu rUpa meM tathA skaMdha kA skaMdha rUpa meM avasthita rahanA dravya sthAnAyu kahalAtA hai / kSetra sthAnAyu - jisa AkAza pradeza meM paramANu yA skaMdha dravya avasthita rahate haiM, vaha kSetra sthAnAyu hai avagAhanA sthAnAyu- paramANu va skaMdha kA niyata parimANa meM jo avagAhana hotA hai, vaha avagAhanA sthAnAyu hai / bhAva sthAnAyu- paramANu aura skaMdha ke sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa kI pariNati bhAva sthAnAyu hai / zAzvatatA va azAzvatatA pudgala dravya ko bhagavatIsUtra meM zAzvata va azAzvata donoM hI rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai- siya sAsae siya asAsae ( 14.4.8 ) / ise spaSTa karate hue kahA hai - dravya dRSTi se pudgala dravya zAzvata hai parantu sparza, varNa, rasa, gaMdhAdi paryAyoM kI dRSTi se azAzvata hai| vastutaH dravyadRSTi se pudgala paramANu ko zAzvata isa kAraNa se mAnA gayA hai ki vaha bhUtakAla meM thA, vartamAna meM hai va atIta meM rahegA / skaMdhoM ke sAtha milane se usakI sattA naSTa nahIM hotI varan vaha usa skaMdha kA pradeza kahalAtA hai / parantu usakI varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza Adi paryAyeM nirantara badalatI rahatI haiM, eka guNa kAlA pudgala eka samaya bAda hI do guNa kAlA pudgala bana jAtA hai ataH paryAyoM meM nirantara hone vAle parivartanoM ke kAraNa use azAzvata rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| pudgala kI kathaMcit zAzvatatA va kathaMcit azAzvatatA kA bhAva hI use sat ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karatA hai kyoMki AcArya umAsvAti 29 ne sat ko utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvya guNoM se yukta mAnA hai I pudgalaparivartta pudgala dravyoM ke sAtha paramANu kA milanA pudgalaparivarta kahalAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki paramANu- pudgaloM ke saMghAta va bheda ke bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 122

Page #149
saMbaMdha se hone vAle pudgalaparivartta anaMtAnanta hote haiN| pudgalaparivartta kI anaMtatA ko bhagavatIvRtti meM isa prakAra samajhAyA gayA hai| eka hI paramANu anantANukAMta, vyaNukAdi dravyoM ke sAtha saMyukta hokara ananta parivatrtoM ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka paramANu ke anaMta parivartta hote haiN| cUMki paramANu bhI anaMta haiM ataH isa dRSTi se pudgalaparivarta bhI anaMtAnaMta ho gaye haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM 7 prakAra ke pudgalaparivartta batAye gaye haiM 1. audArika-pudgalaparivarta, 2. vaikriya-pudgalaparivartta, 3. taijasapudgalaparivartta, 4. kArmaNa-pudgalaparivarta, 5. mana-pudgalaparivarta, 6. vacanapudgalaparivartta, 7. aanpraann-pudglprivrt| bhagavatIsUtra ke bArahaveM zataka ke cauthe uddezaka meM bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se ina para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| paramANu jaina darzana kA paramANuvAda na kevala prAcInatama hai varan anya darzanoM kI apekSA maulika bhI hai| jaina paramANuvAda kA saMbaMdha bhagavAn pArzva ke samaya se hI mAnA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA isa bAta ko svIkAra karatI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dravyaviSayaka kisI naye siddhAnta kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA arthAt unhoMne pArzva kI paramparA ko hI Age bar3hAyA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bhArata meM paramANuvAda yUnAna se AyA hai| yUnAna meM paramANuvAda ke janmadAtA DimokriTsa mAne jAte haiN| DimokriTsa kA samaya I. pU. 460-371 hai jabaki pArzva kA samaya I. pU. 850 mAnA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina paramANuvAda prAcIna siddha hotA hai| zivadatta jJAnI kA mata hai ki paramANuvAda vaizeSika darzana kI vizeSatA hai| usakA prArambha upaniSadoM se hotA hai| jaina, AjIvika Adi dvArA bhI unakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, kintu kaNAda ne use vyavasthita rUpa diyA hai| taTastha dRSTi se dekhA jAya to vaizeSikoM kA paramANuvAda jaina paramANuvAda se pahale kA pratIta nahIM hotA hai aura na jainoM kI taraha vaizeSikoM ne usake vibhinna pahaluoM para vaijJAnika prakAza bhI DAlA hai| vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai ki bhAratavarSa meM paramANuvAda ke siddhAnta ko janma dene kA zreya jainadarzana ko milanA cAhiye / 3 DaoN. mahendramuni ne apane lekha meM paramANu ke aitihAsika krama ko isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 877-777 I.pU. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra 499-427 I.pU. DimokriTsa 420 I. pU. vaizeSika maharSi kaNAda rUpI-ajIvadravya (pudgala) 123

Page #150
spaSTa hai ki paramANuvAda ke janmadAtA jaina hI rahe haiN| paramANu kI paribhASA evaM svarUpa prAcIna dArzanika jaina graMthoM meM paramANu ke svarUpa Adi para vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| paramANu zabda parama + aNu ina do zabdoM se milakara banA hai| parama kA artha hai- aMtima va aNu kA artha hai- kisI padArtha kA choTA bhaag| isa taraha zAbdika dRSTi se ajIvadravya pudgala kA sabase choTA aMtima bhAga paramANu kahalAtA hai| paMcAstikAya34 meM paramANu kI paribhASA dete hue AcArya kuMdakuMda ne kahA haisamasta skaMdhoM kA jo antima bheda hai use paramANu jaano| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne paramANu ko avibhAjita mAnate hue kahA hai ki aNu va paramANu ke pradeza nahIM hote haiN| AcArya tulasI0 ne paramANu kI paribhASA dete hue paramANu ko avibhAjya kahA hai; arthAta jo TUTa na sake, jisakA vibhAga na ho sake aisA avibhAjita pudgala paramANu kahalAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra jaina darzana sAhitya kA prAcInatama graMtha hai| pudagala ke sAtha-sAtha isa grantha meM paramANu ke saMbaMdha meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| paramANu kA svarUpa, nirmANa, prakAra, unameM gati Adi sabhI pahaluoM para bhagavatIsUtra meM vivecana huA hai| cUMki bhagavatI kA paramANuvAda atyaMta hI vistRta hai ataH kucha pramukha binduoM ke AdhAra para bhagavatIsUtra ke paramANuvAda kA Akalana yahA~ kiyA jA rahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra7 meM paramANu ko eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa va do sparza vAlA batAyA hai| eka varNavAlA hai to kadAcit kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA yA zveta hogaa| eka gaMdha meM yA to sugaMdha vAlA hogA yA durgaMdha vAlA hogaa| eka rasa yukta hai to tIkhA, kar3avA, kasailA, khaTTA yA mIThA hogaa| yadi sparzavAlA hai to zIta va uSNa meM se eka tathA snigdha va rUkSa meM se eka arthAt uSNa-rUkSa, uSNa-snigdha, zIta-rUkSa yA zIta-snigdha sparza se yukta hogaa| paMcAstikAya38 meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne bhI paramANu ke isI svarUpa kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai ki jisameM eka rasa, eka rUpa, eka gaMdha aura do sparza guNa rahate haiM, jo zabda kI utpatti meM kAraNa hai, para svayaM azabda hai, skaMdha rUpa se pariNamana karate haiM, use dravya paramANu jaano| paramANu kA svarUpa bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANu kA svarUpa batAte hue use achedya, abhedya, anArdra, adrAhya va avibhAjya mAnA hai| paramANu pudgala talavAra yA ustare kI dhAra para binA 124 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #151
chinna-bhinna hue Thahara sakatA hai| paramANu pudgala meM zastra kramaNa (praveza) nahIM kara sakatA hai| vaha mahAmegha meM praveza kara sakatA hai, agnikAya use nahIM jalA sakatA hai, mahAgaMgA nadI kI dhArA use nahIM bahA sakatI hai| graMtha40 meM paramANu ko AkAra rahita batAte hue kahA hai- paramANu pudgala anarddha, amadhya aura apradezI hai| arthAt paramANu kA Adi, madhya va anta eka hI hai| isa dRSTi se paramANu eka vizuddha jyomitika bindu ke rUpa meM jAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki usakI na lambAI hai, na caur3AI hai, na gaharAI / vaha avima (Dimensionless) hai| vaha antima va zAzvata ikAI hai| paramANu ke isI svarUpa kA samarthana karate hue tattvArtharAjavArtika meM kahA gayA hai- aMtAdi antamajjhaM aMtantaM Neva iMdie gejjhN| jaM davvaM avibhAgI taM paramANu vijaanniihi| - (5.25.1) arthAt jo svayaM apanA Adi, madhya va anta ho vaha avibhAjya aMza paramANu hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANu ko abhedya, achedya va avibhAjya rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu vijJAna kI dRSTi se paramANu TUTatA hai| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna anuyogadvArAsUtra meM kiyA gayA hai| anuyogadvArAsUtra meM paramANu ke do prakAra batAye gaye haiM- 1. sUkSma paramANu, 2. vyAvahArika prmaannu| sUkSma paramANu kA svarUpa isameM bhagavatIsUtra ke samAna hI varNita hai| vyavahArika paramANu ko ananta sUkSma paramANuoM kA samudAya batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi vaha svayaM paramANu-piMDa hai, kintu sAdhAraNa dRSTi se grAhya na hone ke kAraNa tathA abhedya va achinna hone ke kAraNa usakI sUkSma pariNati hai ataH vyavahAra se use paramANu kahA gayA hai| vijJAna ke paramANu kI tulanA isa vyAvahArika paramANu se ho sakatI hai| bhagavatIsUtra42 meM paramANu ko eka dravya va dravya deza donoM hI batAyA hai| paramANu kI sUkSmatA kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki paramANu-pudgala vAyukAya se spRSTa hai kintu vAyukAya paramANu pudgala se spRSTa nahIM hai43 arthAt vAyukAya bar3A hai aura paramANu sUkSma va aprdeshii| vAyukAya usameM praveza nahIM kara sakatA hai| paramANu kI zAzvatatA va azAzvatA ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki dravyArtha rUpa se paramANu zAzvata hai, kintu varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza Adi paryAya rUpa se vaha azAzvata hai kyoMki paryAyeM pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI haiN| isI taraha paramANu kI caramatA va acaramatA ko batAte hue bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiMparamANu carama bhI hai, acarama bhI hai| dravya kI apekSA se paramANu pudgala acarama hai| kSetra kI apekSA se kathaMcit carama kathaMcit acarama hai| isI taraha kAla va rUpI-ajIvadravya (pudgala) 125

Page #152
bhAva kI apekSA se kathaMcit carama va kathaMcit acarama hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM diye uparyukta vivecana se jaina paramANu kA svarUpa hamAre sAmane spaSTa ho jAtA hai| paramANu dravya kA eka aisA avibhAjya aMza hai, jo svayaM apanA AkAra hai kyoMki paramANu ko hama nirAkAra nahIM kaha sakate haiN| nirAkAra vastu dravya nahIM ho sakatI aura bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANu ko dravya va dravyadeza donoM kahA hai| yathA- siya davvaM, siya davvadese - (vyA. sU. 8.10.23) / yahA~ eka bAta aura bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki nirAkAra vastu guNoM ko dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatI jabaki paramANu ko bhagavatIsUtra meM eka gaMdha, eka rasa, eka varNa va do sparza yukta batAyA hai| ataH varNAdi guNoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa hI paramANu dravya hai tathA sAkAra hone ke kAraNa paramANu svayaM apanA AkAra hai vaha svayaM apanI lambAI, caur3AI va mauTAI hai| paramANu ke prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANu ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM1. dravya paramANu, 2. kSetra paramANu, 3. kAla paramANu, 4. bhAva prmaannu| dravya paramANu- varNAdi kI vivakSA kiye binA eka paramANu ko dravya paramANu kahate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya paramANu cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA haiachedya, abhedya, adAhya va agraahy| kSetra paramANu- eka AkAza pradeza ko kSetra paramANu kahate haiN| kSetra paramANu bhI cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai- anarddha, amadhya, apradeza va avibhaajy| kAla paramANu- eka samaya ko kAla paramANu kahate haiN| kAla paramANu ke avarNa, agaMdha, arasa va asparza ye cAra prakAra batAye haiN| bhAva paramANu- varNa Adi dharma kI pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se eka paramANu kI vivakSA karanA bhAva paramANu kahalAtA hai| isake bhI cAra prakAra batAye haiMvarNavAna, gaMdhavAna, rasavAna va sprshvaan| indriyAtIta ___paramANu rUpI va mUrta hai kyoMki vaha varNa, rasa, gaMdha va sparza se yukta hotA hai| lekina eka sUkSma paramANu rUpI hote hue bhI indriyAtIta hai| vaha pAramArthika pratyakSa se hI dekhA jA sakatA hai| chadmastha vyakti paramANu pudgala ko jAnatA hai, kintu dekhatA nahIM hai| koI-koI to na jAnatA hai na dekhatA hai| cUMki paramANu apanI sUkSmatA ke kAraNa indriyAtIta hotA hai ataH bhagavatIsUtra meM spaSTa kiyA 126 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #153
gayA hai ki kevalajJAnI va paramaavadhijJAnI vyakti hI paramANu ko jAnate va dekhate haiN| ve bhI jisa samaya jAnate haiM usa samaya dekhate nahIM haiM aura jisa samaya dekhate haiM usa samaya jAnate nahIM kyoMki jJAna sAkAra va darzana nirAkAra hotA hai| paramANu meM kaMpana evaM gati paramANu meM svabhAvataH sakriyatA va gatizIlatA pAI jAtI hai, lekina isase yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki paramANu sadaiva hI gatizIla rahatA hai kabhI sthira nahIM hotA hai| paramANu meM gatizIlatA va sthiratA donoM pAI jAtI haiM lekina unameM koI niyamitatA nahIM hotI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai- siya see siya nirae (25.4.189) arthAt paramANu kadAcit sakaMpa hotA hai kadAcit niSkaMpa hotA hai| isI taraha dvipradezI skaMdha se lekara ananta pradezI skandha bhI kadAcit sakaMpa hote haiM kadAcit niSkaMpa hote haiN| yadyapi paramANu va skandhoM kI sakriyatA va niSkriyatA kA kAla nizcita nahIM hai, kintu yadi koI paramANu pudgala sakaMpa avasthA meM hai to vaha jaghanya eka samaya va utkRSTa AvalikA ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga taka sakaMpa rahatA hai isake bAda usameM avazya parivartana hogaa| arthAt sakriyatA kI avasthA ke eka nizcita samaya bAda usameM niSkriyatA kI avasthA avazya aayegii| isI prakAra eka niSkaMpa paramANu jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa asaMkhyAta kAla taka niSkaMpa rahatA hai, isake bAda usameM sakriyatA avazya aayegii| yahI bAta dvipradezI skandhoM se lekara ananta pradezI skandhoM taka lAgU hotI hai| eka paramANu pudgala dezakaMpaka nahIM hotA hai, sarvakaMpaka hotA hai yA niSkaMpaka hotA hai jabaki dvipradezI skandhoM se ananta pradezI skandhoM ko kadAcit dezakaMpaka kadAcita sarvakaMpaka va kadAcit niSkaMpaka batAyA hai| ___bhagavatIsUtra ke pA~caveM zataka ke sAtaveM uddezaka meM paramANu meM kaMpana kI prakriyA ko vizeSa rUpa se spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki paramANu kabhI ejana karatA hai kabhI vejana karatA hai arthAt kabhI kAMpatA hai kabhI vizeSa rUpa se kAMpatA hai aura vibhinna bhAvoM meM pariNata hotA hai| isI taraha dvipradezI skandha se lekara asaMkhyAta va anantapradezI skandhoM meM ejana va vejana ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| ___ paramANu meM gati kI tIvratA ko spaSTa karate hue graMtha meM kahA hai- paramANu pudgala eka samaya meM loka ke eka caramAnta se dUsare caramAnta taka calA jAtA hai| arthAt vaha eka samaya meM pUrvIya caramAnta se pazcimI caramAnta meM, pazcimI caramAnta se pUrvIya caramAnta meM, tathA uttarI caramAnta se dakSiNI caramAnta meM, dakSiNI caramAnta se uttarI rUpI-ajIvadravya (pudgala) 127

Page #154
caramAnta meM, Upara ke caramAnta se nIce ke caramAnta meM tathA nIce ke caramAnta se Upara ke caramAnta meM calA jAtA hai| loka ke eka sire se dUsare sire kI dUrI asaMkhyAta yojana hotI hai aura paramANu vaha dUrI eka samaya meM taya kara letA hai| pudgala-paramANu nirmANa kI prakriyA ___ bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANu nirmANa kI prakriyA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yaha pudgala (paramANu yA skandha) tInoM (vartamAna, bhUta va anAgata) kAloM meM eka samaya taka rUkSa sparza vAlA, eka samaya taka arUkSa (snigdha) sparzavAlA aura eka samaya rUkSa va snigdha donoM prakAra ke sparza vAlA rahA hai| pahale karaNa (arthAt prayogakaraNa aura visrasAkaraNa) ke dvArA yahI pudgala aneka varNa aura aneka rUpa vAle pariNAma se pariNata huaa| phira una aneka rUpa vAle pariNAmoM ke kSINa hone para vaha eka varNa aura eka rUpa vAlA huaa| yahAM kahane kA tAtparya hai ki eka samaya meM jo paramANu rUpa hai vaha dUsare samaya me skandha rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai tathA eka samaya meM jo skandha hai vaha dUsare samaya meM eka varNa vAle paramANu rUpa meM pariNita ho sakatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM paramANu nirmANa kI prakriyA isa prakAra spaSTa kI gaI haisaMghAtabhedebhya utpadyante bhedAdaNuH - (5.26, 27) arthAt skaMdha kI utpatti bheda, saMghAta va saMghAta-bheda se hotI hai jabaki paramANu bheda se hI banatA hai| isa prakAra pamANuoM se skandha kA nirmANa hotA hai tathA skandha bheda se paramANu banate haiN| kAla kI apekSA se eka paramANu, paramANu rUpa meM jaghanya eka samaya taka rahatA hai tathA adhika se adhika saMkhyAta kAla taka rahatA hai| isI prakAra skandha, skandha ke rUpa meM kama se kama eka samaya tathA adhika se adhika asaMkhyAta kAla taka rahatA hai| isake pazcAt unameM avazya parivartana hotA hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se paramANu aura skandha eka kSetra meM kama se kama eka samaya taka va adhika se adhika asaMkhyAta kAla taka raha sakate haiN|52 paramANu va skandha ke nirmANa kI prakriyA ke antarakAla ko bhI graMtha meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| eka paramANu yA skandha kA apanI avasthA ko chor3akara anya avasthA meM pariNata ho jAnA tathA vApasa usI avasthA ko prApta karane meM lagA samaya antarakAla kahalAtA hai| eka paramANu paramANupana chor3akara skandha rUpa meM pariNata hokara punaH paramANu ho jAye to use jaghanya eka samaya lagatA hai tathA utkRSTa asaMkhyAta samaya lagatA hai aura dvipradezI skaMdha, tripradezI skandha Adi kA antarakAla 128 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #155
jaghanya eka samaya va utkRSTa ananta kAla hotA hai| paramANu kA baMdha paramANuoM meM Apasa meM baMdha kI prakriyA ke bAre meM bhagavatIsUtra meM bhinnabhinna jagaha carcA kI gaI hai| do paramANu pudgala Apasa meM cipaka jAte haiM kyoMki do paramANu pudgaloM meM cikanApana hai, tIna paramANu-pudgala bhI paraspara cipaka jAte haiN| isI prakAra pAMca paramANu Adi bhI cipaka jAte haiM aura skaMdha kA nirmANa karate haiN|54 yahA~ snehakAya yA snigdhatA ko paramANubaMdha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| paramANubaMdha kI Age vyAkhyA karate hue AThaveM zataka meM kahA hai- paramANu dvipradezika, tripradezika se lekara saMkhyAtapradezika, asaMkhyAtapradezika aura anantapradezika pudgala skandhoM kA vimAtrA meM snigdhatA se, vimAtrA meM rUkSatA se tathA vimAtrA meM snigdhatA-rUkSatA se baMdhana-pratyeyika baMdha samutpanna hotA hai| vaha jaghanyataH eka samaya aura utkRSTataH asaMkhyeya kAla taka rahatA hai| paramANu baMdha kI isI prakriyA ko samajhAAte hue tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - snigdharUkSatvAbaMdhaH / na jghnygunnaanaam| guNasAmye sdRshaanaam| vyadhikAdi guNAnAM tu| - (5.32-35) arthAt baMdha snigdhatA va rUkSatA ke kAraNa hotA hai| jaghanya guNa vAle snigdha va rUkSa avayavoM kA baMdha nahIM hotA hai| samAna aMza hone para sadRzya arthAt snigdha se snigdha avayavoM kA tathA rUkSa se rUkSa avayavoM kA baMdha nahIM hotA hai| do aMza adhika vAle avayavoM kA baMdha hotA hai| pudgala-paramANu kA saMyoga-viyoga bhagavatIsUtra meM baMdha kI prakriyA meM paramANu se skandha va skandha se paramANu ke nirmANa kI bAta ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke bArahaveM zataka meM do paramANuoM se lekara ananta pradezI paramANuoM ke saMyoga va viyoga para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| do paramANu jaba Apasa meM saMyukta hote haiM to dvipradezI skandha banatA hai tathA unakA bhedana hone para usake do vibhAga hote haiN| eka tarapha eka paramANu pudgala va dUsarI tarapha dUsarA paramANu pudgl| tIna paramANu eka rUpa meM ikaTThe hokara tripradezika skandha kA nirmANa karate haiM tathA unake vibhAga hone para do vikalpa banate haiN| eka tarapha eka paramANu va dUsarI tarapha dvipradezI skandha / usake tIna pRthak-pRthak paramANu bhI ho sakate haiN| cAra paramANu milakara catuSkapradezI skandha kA nirmANa karate haiN| unakA bhedana hone para cAra vikalpa banate haiN| do vibhAga hone para eka ora eka pudgala paramANu va dUsarI ora tripradezI skandha yA rUpI-ajIvadravya (pudgala) 129

Page #156
donoM ora dvipradezI skandha hogaa| tIna vibhAga hone para eka tarapha pRthak-pRthak do paramANu va dUsarI tarapha dvipradezI skandha / cAra vibhAga hone para cAroM pudgala paramANu pRthak-pRthak hote haiN| isa prakAra asaMkhyAta va ananta pradezI paramANu-pudgaloM ke saMyoga va viyoga se hone vAle vibhAgoM ke vikalpoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prANI jagata ke lie pudgala kA upakAra jaina darzana SaDdravyoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| una cha: dravyoM meM pAMca dravya arUpI hone ke kAraNa hamArI indriyoM ke viSaya nahIM bana sakate haiN| chaThA dravya pudgala rUpI va mUrta hai ata: vaha indriyoM dvArA grAhya hai| hamAre isa sampUrNa dRzyamAna jagata kI lIlAoM kA AdhAra yaha mUrta pudgala dravya hI hai| pudgalAstikAya kA lakSaNa grahaNa rUpa hai| ataH isakI upayogitA ko batAte hue bhagavatIsUtra' meM kahA hai- pudgalAstikAya se hI jIvoM ke audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa va kArmaNa zarIra, zrotrendriya, cakSurindraya, ghrANendriya, jihvendriya, sparzendriya, manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga aura zvAsa-ucchvAsa ko grahaNa karane kI pravRtti hotI hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki yaha samasta saMsAra hI nahIM varan isa saMsAra meM hone vAlI jIva kI samasta kriyAyeM bhI paudgalika hI haiM / jIva kA zarIra dhAraNa karanA, indriyA~ va unakI pravRttiyA~ sabhI pudgala ke nimitta se haiN| jIva kA zvAsa lenA, nikAlanA saba pudgala ke hI pariNamana haiN| jo bhASA yA vacana hama bolate haiM ve bhI pudgala kI hI paryAya haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA hai- bhASA AtmA nahIM anya (pudgala) hai| bhASA jIva nahIM ajIva hai| bhASA arUpI nahIM rUpI hai| vyakti kA zArIrika hI nahIM mAnasika cintana bhI pudgala sahAyApekSa hai| cintaka cintana se pUrva kSaNa meM manovargaNA ke skandhoM ko grahaNa karatA hai usakI cintana ke anukUla anukRtiyA~ bana jAtI haiN| isa samUce paudgalika saMsAra meM jIva kI samasta vaibhAvika avasthAe~ pudgala-nimittaka hotI haiN| tAtparya dRSTi se dekhA jAya to yaha jagata jIva aura pudgala ke vibhinna saMyogoM kA pratibimba mAtra hai| jIva apanI samasta kriyAe~ pudgala ke sahayoga se hI karatA hai| pudgalAstikAya rUpI hai jisa para koI bhI sone, uThane-baiThane, karavaTa lene Adi kriyAe~ karane meM samartha hotA hai| saMsArI AtmA pudgala ke binA nahIM raha sakatI hai| jaba taka jIva isa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahegA usakA pudgala ke sAtha saMbaMdha aviccheda hai| isa saMbaMdha meM tattvArthasUtra 130 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #157
meM kahA gayA hai - zarIrazvAMDmanaH prANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / sukhaduHkhajIvitamaraNopagrahAzca - ( 5.19-20 ) arthAt zarIra, vANI, mana, niHzvAsa va ucchvAsa ye sabhI pudgala ke upakAra kArya haiM tathA sukha-duHkha, jIvana va maraNa ye bhI pudgala ke upakAra haiM / saMdarbha 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. (ka) sthAnAMga, 2.1.1 (kha) prajJApanA pada 1, TIkA, paMcAstikAya, 2.122, 124, 125 bRhat dravyasaMgraha, 15 kI TIkA, pR. 39 sarvArthasiddhi, 5.1.528, pR. 202 17. 18. 19. vyA. sU., 25.2.1-2, 2.10.11, 10.1.8 (ka) vyA. sU., 7.10.9 (kha) tattvArthasUtra, 5.4 'davvato NaM poggalatthikAe aNaMtAiM davvAiM' vyA. sU. 2.10.6 vahI, 13.4.28 uttarAdhyayana, 28.12 pravacanasAra, adhikAra - 2 gA. 40 sparzarasagaMdhavarNavAn pudgalaH - jaina siddhAnta dIpikA, 1.11 'vAvahAriyanayassa goDDe phANiyagule necchaiyanayassa paMcavaNNe dugaMdhe paMcarase aTThaphAse pannate' - vyA. sU. 18.6.1 vahI, 7.10.9 13. 14. uttarAdhyayana, 36.15 15. tattvArthasUtra, 5.23, 24 16. 'paMcavihe poggalapariNAme paNNatte, taM jahA vaNNapariNAme.. sU., 8.10.19 vahI, 25.3.1, 7 vahI, 25.4.87-95 'je rUvI te cauvvihA paNNattA, taM jahA khaMdhA khaMdhadesA khaMdhapadesA paramANu poggalA' vahI, 2.10.11 20. uttarAdhyayana, 36.10 21. paMcAstikAya, gA. 74 22. niyamasAra, gA. 21-24 23. vyA. sU. 20.2.8 24. vahI, 8.10.19 25. vahI, 8.1.3 26. sthAnAMga, muni madhukara, 3.1.401, pR. 165 ...saMThANapariNAme'- vyA. rUpI - ajIvadravya (pudgala) 131

Page #158
27. vyA. sU., 5.7.9-10 28. vahI, 5.7.29 29. tattvArthasUtra, 5.29 30. vyA. sU. 12.4.14-15 31. bhagavatIvRtti, patrAMka 568 32. bhAratIya saMskRti, pR. 229 33. darzana sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 129 34. paMcAstikAya, gA. 77 35. tattvArthasUtra 5.10-11 'avibhAjyaH paramANuH - jaina siddhAnta dIpikA, 114 _ 'egavaNNe egagaMdhe egarase duphAse pannate' - vyA. sU. 18.6.6 38. 'eyarasavaNNagaMdhaM dophAsaM saddakAraNamasadaM, khaMdhataridaM davvaM paramANuM taM viyANehi' - paMcAstikAya, gA. 81 vyA. sU. 5.7.3-8 'aNaDDhe amajjhe apadese' - vyA. sU. 5.7.9 41. anuyogadvAra, pramANadvAra 42. 'siya davvaM, siya davvadese' - vyA. sU. 8.10.23 'paramANupoggale vAuyAeNaM phuDe, no vAuyAe paramANupoggaleNaM phuDe' - vahI, 18.10.4 44. vahI, 14.4.8-9 45. vahI, 20.5.15-19 46. vahI, 18.8.16-23 47. vahI, 25.4.189-206 48. vahI 25.4.211-212 49. vahI 5.7.1-3 50. vyA. sU. 16.8.13 51. vahI, 14.4.1 52. vahI, 5.7.14-21 'jahanneNa egaM samayaM, ukkoseNaM akhaMsejaM kAlaM' - vahI, 5.7.22 54. vahI, 1.10.1 55. vyA. sU. 8.9.9 56. vahI, 12.4.1-13 57. vahI, 13.4.28 58. vahI, 13.7.2-5 53. 132 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #159
arUpI-ajIvadravya (dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya evaM kAla) dharmAstikAya bhagavatIsUtra meM dharmAstikAya kI gaNanA arUpI ajIva dravya ke pA~ca, sAta tathA dasa bhedoM ke antargata kI gaI hai| (vyA. sU. 2.10.11, 10.1.8, 25.2.1-2) dharmAstikAya yA dharma-dravya meM jur3A dharma zabda kisI naitika artha kA sUcaka nahIM hai| jaisA ki prAyaH kahA jAtA hai ki Atmazuddhi sAdhanaM dharmaH arthAt AtmA kI zuddhi kA sAdhana dharma hai| na hI dharma zabda yahAM vastu ke svabhAva yA guNa ko sUcita kara rahA hai| jaina dravya-mImAMsA meM dharmAstikAya kA vizeSa artha hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM gati meM sahAyaka dravya ko dharma-dravya kahA gayA hai- gatilakkhaNe NaM dhammatthikAe (13.4.24) / uttarAdhyayana meM bhI gaI lakkha No u dhammo - (28.9) kahakara dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa gati svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| Age calakara tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI dharma-dravya ko gati ke upakAraka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai- gatisthityupagraho dharmodharmayorupakAraH - (5.17) AcArya tulasI ne apanI pustaka jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM dharmadravya ko gati ke asAdhAraNa mAdhyama ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai- gatyasAdhAraNasahAyo dharmaH - (1.4) gati ko lakSaNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane vAlI dharma dravya kI yaha maulika paribhASA kevala jaina-graMthoM meM hI upalabdha hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM dharmAstikAya kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA gayA hai- avaNNe agaMdhe arase aphAse arUvI ajIve sAsate avaTTite logadavve - (2.10.2) arthAt dharmAstikAya varNarahita, gaMdharahita, rasarahita va sparzarahita hai arthAt arUpI hai, ajIva hai; zAzvata hai tathA avasthita loka pramANa dravya hai| dharmAstikAya amUrta dravya hai| dharmAstikAya para koI vyakti na baiTha sakatA hai, na so sakatA hai, na uTha sakatA hai, na karavaTa badala sakatA hai| gati dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva va guNa kI apekSA se bhagavatIsUtra meM dharmAstikAya ke pA~ca prakAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| dravya kI dRSTi se dharmAstikAya ko eka dravya arUpI-ajIvadravya 133

Page #160
rUpa, kSetra kI apekSA se loka pramANa, kAla kI apekSA se tInoM kAloM bhUta, bhaviSya va vartamAna meM usakA astitva hone ke kAraNa nitya tathA bhAva kI apekSA se varNa, gaMdha, rasa va sparza se rahita hone ke kAraNa arUpI batAyA gayA hai| guNa kI apekSA se use gati guNa vAlA kahA hai arthAt dharmAstikAya gatipariNata jIvoM va pudagaloM ke gamana meM sahAyaka hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne bhI paMcAstikAya meM dharmAstikAya ke isI svarUpa kA samarthana kiyA hai- dharmAstikAya nAmaka dravya pA~ca prakAra ke rasoM se rahita hai, pA~ca prakAra ke varNoM, do prakAra kI gaMdha se rahita hai, zabdarUpa nahIM hai, ATha prakAra ke sparza se rahita hai, samasta loka meM vyApta hai, akhaMDa pradeza vAlA hai, svabhAva se hI saba jagaha phailA huA hai va asaMkhyAta pradezI hai| bhagavatIsUtra evaM anya jainAgamoM dvArA dI gaI dharmadravya kI paribhASAoM se dharmadravya ke svarUpa ko acchI taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH yaha dharma dravya rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza va varNa se rahita hone ke kAraNa arUpI kahA gayA hai| loka meM aisA koI sthAna nahIM jahAM dharmadravya na ho isI kAraNa ise loka vyApta mAnA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM dharmadravya loka avasthita aisA arUpI niSkriya dravya hai, jo svayaM to gatimAna nahIM hai, kintu jIva va ajIva kI gati meM sahAyaka kA kArya karatA hai| dharmadravya gati meM kisa prakAra sahAyaka hotA hai isako samajhAte hue dravyasaMgraha meM AcArya nemicandra ne kahA hai- jaise pAnI ke abhAva meM machalI gati nahIM kara sakatI, yadyapi usameM gati karane kI kSamatA vidyamAna hai| usI prakAra jIva va pudgala meM gati karane kI kSamatA to vidyamAna hai para dharma dravya usa gati kA sahAyaka kAraNa banatA hai| jaina darzana ke atirikta kisI bhI anya bhAratIya darzana meM dharma dravya ko isa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yaha jaina-darzana kI apanI maulika dena hai| jaina-darzana meM jisa gati sahAyaka padArtha ko dharma-dravya kahA gayA hai, usI se milate-julate dravya ko Adhunika pAzcAtya vaijJAnikoM ne 'Ithara' kahA hai| sarvaprathama nyUTana ne 'Ithara' tattva kI vyAkhyA kara use sampUrNa AkAza va brahmAMDa meM vyApta maanaa| suprasiddha vaijJAnika alabarTa AiMsTIna ne gati tattva kI saMsthApanA karate hue kahA hai ki loka parimita hai, loka se pare aloka aparimita hai| loka ke parimita hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki dravya yA zakti loka se bAhara nahIM jA sakatI hai| loka ke bAhara usa zakti yA dravya kA abhAva hai, jo gati meM sahAyaka hotA hai| 134 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #161
bAda meM prasiddha vaijJAnika e.e. mAikelasana aura I.DablU morale ne klIvaleNDa meM sana 1881 meM Ithara ke saMbaMdha meM bhavya parIkSaNa kiye, jisase yaha pariNAma sAmane AyA ki Ithara kA prabhAva prakAza kI gati para nahIM par3atA hai| isa niSkarSa ke kAraNa hI bAda meM AiMsTIna ne isake astitva kA nirAsana kiyaa| isake bAda ke vaijJAnikoM ne bhI apane prayogoM meM bhautika Ithara tattva kI AvazyakatA ko punaH svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isa saMbaMdha meM bhautika vijJAnavettA DaoN. e. esa. eMDiMgaTana' likhate haiM ki Now a days it is agreed that ETHER is not a kind of matter, being non material its properties are quite unique characters such as mass and regidily which we meet with in matter will naturaly be absent in ETHER but the ETHER will have new difinite characters of its own now material ocean of ETHER. arthAt Ajakala yaha svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai ki 'Ithara' bhautika dravya nahIM hai| bhautika kI apekSA usakI prakRti bhinna hai| bhautika meM prApta piNDatva aura ghanatva guNoM kA Ithara meM abhAva hogA, parantu usake apane naye aura nizcayAtmaka guNa hoNge| spaSTa hai ki vijJAna cAhe gati ke mAdhyama tattva ke rUpa meM Ithara tattva ko svIkAra kare, cAhe usakA nirAsana kare athavA usake svarUpa ko bhautika yA abhautika kisI bhI rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kare, kintu jaina-darzana dharmadravya kI mAnyatA ko svIkRti pradAna karatA hai| kyoMki gati meM sahAyaka dharma-dravya ke abhAva meM jIva, pudgalAdi padArtha ananta meM bhaTaka jAyeMge, sArI loka-vyavasthA hI caramarA jAyegI tathA eka dina aisA AyegA jaba sampUrNa vizva zUnya ho jaayegaa| ataH dharma-dravya loka-vyavasthA kA anivArya dravya dharmAstikAya ke paryAyavAcI bhagavatIsUtra meM dharmAstikAya ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai- dharma, dharmAstikAya, prANAtipAtaviramaNa, mRSAvAdaviramaNa Adi parigrahaviramaNa athavA krodha-viveka Adi nikSepaNAsamiti, uccAra-prastravaNakhela-jalla-siMghANa-pariSThApanikAsamiti athavA manogupti, vacanagupti yA kAyagupti; ye saba tathA inake samAna jitane bhI dUsare isa prakAra ke zabda haiM, ve dharmAstikAya ke abhivacana haiN| bhagavatIvRtti' meM ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dharmazabda ke sAdharmya se astikAyarUpa dharma ke prANAtipAtaviramaNAdi cAritradharma bhI paryAyavAcI arUpI-ajIvadravya 135

Page #162
parimANa 10 bhagavatIsUtra meM dharmAstikAya ke parimANa kI carcA karate hue kahA haidharmAstikAya lokarUpa hai, lokamAtra hai, loka pramANa hai, loka spRSTa hai aura loka hI sparza kiye hue hai arthAt dharmAstikAya ke utane hI pradeza haiM jitane loka ke pradeza haiM / dharmAstikAya apane samasta pradezoM dvArA loka ke samasta pradezoM ko spRSTa kiye hue hai| jIva va pudgala kI gati isa loka meM hI niyaMtrita ho ve anaMta aloka meM na bhaTaka jAyeM, ataH loka ke AkAra ke samAna hI bhagavatIsUtra meM dharmAstikAya ke AkAra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| avagAhanA evaM pradeza avagAhanA kI dRSTi se dharmAstikAya loka - pramANa hai, aloka pramANa nahIM / arthAt lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM, usI taraha dharmAstikAya ke asaMkhyAta pradeza haiN| dharmAstikAya ke eka-eka pradeza lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza para avagAr3ha haiN| dharmAstikAya kI avagAhanA ko samajhAte hue bhagavatIsUtra " meM kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ dharmAstikAya kA eka pradeza avagAr3ha hotA hai vahA~ dharmAstikAya kA dUsarA pradeza avagAr3ha nahIM ho sakatA hai / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki eka AkAza-pradeza para dharmAstikAya kA eka hI pradeza Thahara sakatA hai, anya nahIM / lekina vahAM para adharmAstikAya tathA AkAzAstikAya kA eka-eka pradeza tathA anaMta jIvAstikAya va anaMta pudgalAstikAya Thahara sakate haiM / graMtha meM dharmAstikAya ke madhya ke pradezoM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| kisI bhI AkAra kA madhya eka bindu hotA hai, kintu yaha eka mahattvapUrNa tathya hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM dharmAstikAya ke madhya ke pradeza ATha mAne gaye haiM- aTTha dhammatthikAyassa majjhapaesA pannatA - ( 25.4.246) / sparzanA 1 tInoM lokoM dvArA dharmAstikAya kI sparzanA spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra 2 meM kahA hai ki adholoka dharmAstikAya ke Adhe se kucha adhika bhAga ko sparza karatA hai / tiryagloka dharmAstikAya ke asaMkhyeya bhAga ko sparza karatA hai / Urdhva loka dharmAstikAya ke dezona (kucha kama ) ardhabhAga ko sparza karatA hai / isake atirikta ratnaprabhAdi sAta pRthviyA~, una sAtoM ke ghanodadhi, ghanavAta, tanuvAta, avakAzAntara, saudharmakalpa ISatprAgbhArA - pRthvI taka dharmAstikAyAdi kI sparzanA kA vivecana bhI graMtha meM kiyA gayA hai / 136 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #163
isa para vistAra se prakAza DAlate hue madhukara muni ne likhA hai ki dharmAstikAya caturdazarajjupramANa samagra lokavyApI hai aura adholoka kA parimANa sAta rajju se kucha adhika hai| isalie adholoka dharmAstikAya ke Adhe se kucha adhika bhAga kA sparza karatA hai| tiryagloka kA parimANa 1800 yojana hai aura dharmAstikAya kA parimANa asaMkhyeya yojana kA hai| isalie tiryagloka dharmAstikAya ke asaMkhyeya bhAga kA sparza karatA hai| Urdhvaloka dezona sAta rajju parimANa hai aura dharmAstikAya caudaha rajju-parimANa hai| isalie Urdhvaloka dharmAstikAya ke dezona ardhabhAga kA sparza karatA hai| dharmAstikAya akhaMDa dravya rUpa meM dharmAstikAya eka akhaMDa-dravya hai| jIva va pudgala kI taraha alaga-alaga rUpa meM nahIM rahatA hai| arthAt jaise pudgala ke skaMdha, deza, paramANu Adi bhAga hote haiM usI taraha dharmAstikAya ke alaga-alaga bhAga saMbhava nahIM haiM / sampUrNa akhaMDarUpa se pUre dharmAstikAya ko hI dharmAstikAya mAnA jaayegaa| ise spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra'4 meM kahA gayA hai ki dharmAstikAya ke eka pradeza ko yA do, tIna, dasa, saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyeya pradezoM ko dharmAstikAya nahIM kahA jaayegaa| eka pradeza kama hone para bhI vaha dharmAstikAya nahIM kahA jaayegaa| ise cakra ke udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| jaise cakra kA koI bhAga cakra nahIM kahalAtA hai, kintu sampUrNa cakra hI cakra kahalAtA hai| usI prakAra dharmAstikAya meM jo asaMkhyeya pradeza haiM, jaba ve saba pUre paripUrNa niravazeSa tathA ekagrahaNagRhIta arthAt eka zabda se kahane yogya ho jAe taba usa asaMkhyeya pradezAtmaka sampUrNa dravya ko dharmAstikAya kahA jA sakatA hai| bhagavatIvRttiA meM ise samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai nizcayanaya ke mantavya se eka pradeza kama dharmAstikAya ko dharmAstikAya nahIM kaha sakate haiM, jaba sabhI pradeza paripUrNa hoM, tabhI ve dharmAstikAya Adi kahe jA sakate haiM / arthAt jaba vastu pUrI ho tabhI vaha vastu kahalAtI hai, adhUrI vastu, vastu nahIM kahalAtI hai| parantu vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se to thor3I-sI adhUrI yA vikRta vastu ko bhI pUrI vastu kahA jA sakatA hai, usI nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| adharmAstikAya jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM jIva va pudgala kI gati ke mAdhyama ke lie udAsIna kAraNa ke rUpa meM dharma-dravya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| usI prakAra arUpI-ajIvadravya 137

Page #164
unakI sthiti ke mAdhyama ke lie udAsIna kAraNa ke rUpa meM jaina-darzana adharmadravya ko svIkAra karatA hai| yadi loka meM sirpha gati tattva ko hI svIkAra kiyA jAye to jIva va pudgala gati hI karate raheMge, unakI sthiti kaise saMbhava hogii| ataH unakI saMtulita sthiti ke lie adharma-dravya ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai| loka vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM 'adharma' zabda kA prayoga pApa ke paryAyavAcI ke rUpa meM nahIM hokara gatizIla jIva va pudgala ke Thaharane ke mAdhyama ke rUpa meM huA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM adharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa sthiti svIkAra kiyA gayA haiThANalakkhaNe NaM ahammatthikAye - (13.4.25) / uttarAdhyayana meM bhI adharmadravya kA lakSaNa sthiti batAyA hai- ahammo ThANa lakkhaNo - (28.9) / __ bhagavatIsUtra meM adharma-dravya kI paribhASA karate hue use varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparzAdi se rahita, zAzvata, avasthita va loka pramANa batAyA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva va guNa kI apekSA se adharma-dravya ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM / dravya kI dRSTi se adharma-dravya eka dravya rUpa hai, kSetra kI dRSTi se adharma-dravya loka pramANa mAnA gayA hai, kAla kI dRSTi se adharma-dravya kabhI nahIM thA, aisA nahIM; kabhI nahIM hai, aisA nahIM; aura kabhI nahIM rahegA, aisA bhI nahIM; vaha nitya hai| bhAva kI apekSA se adharma-dravya varNa, gaMdha, rasa va sparza rahita hai| guNa kI apekSA se sthiti guNa vAlA bhagavatIsUtra meM dI gaI adharma-dravya kI uparyukta paribhASA se adharma-dravya kA svarUpa svataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai| dharma-dravya kI taraha vaha loka pramANa, rasa, varNa, gaMdha, sparza se rahita hone ke kAraNa arUpI va tInoM kAloM meM vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa nitya rUpa hai| guNa kI dRSTi se sthiti guNa vAlA hai| yahA~ yaha jAnanA anivArya hai ki sthUla ThaharanA to spaSTa rUpa se dRSTigocara hotA hai, parantu sUkSma ThaharanA padArtha ke mur3ane ke samaya hotA hai| calatA-calatA hI padArtha yadi mur3anA cAhe to use mor3a para jAkara kSaNabhara ThaharanA pdd'egaa| yadyapi rukanA dRSTigata nahIM huA para hotA avazya hai| isa sUkSma tathA sthUla rukane meM jo sahAyaka tattva hai, use adharma dravya kahate haiN| paMcAstikAyA' meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne adharma-dravya kA yahI svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki jaisA dharma-dravya hai vaisA hI adharma-dravya jaano| kintu, vaha Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgaloM ke Thaharane meM pRthvI kI taraha nimitta kAraNa hai| punaH isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne paMcAstikAya20 meM prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai 138 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #165
jisakA gamana hotA hai, sthiti bhI unhIM kI saMbhava hai arthAt jo calate haiM, ve hI Thaharate bhI haiN| kintu, ve calane aura Thaharane vAle jIva aura pudgala apane pariNAmoM se hI gati aura sthiti karate haiM / arthAt unheM koI jabaradastI calAtA yA ThaharAtA nahIM hai| gamana karane kI zakti unhIM meM hI hai aura Thaharane kI zakti unhIM meM hI hai, dharma va adharma to sahAyaka mAtra haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne adharmadravya ko jIva va pudgala kI sthiti meM udAsIna kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| dravyasaMgraha meM adharma-dravya kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sthita hote hue jIvoM aura pudgaloM ko jo sthira hone meM sahakArI kAraNa hai, use adharmAstikAya kahate haiM, jaise chAyA yAtriyoM ko sthira hone meM sahakArI hai, parantu vaha gamana karate jIva aura pudgala ko sthira nahIM krtii| ___ vastutaH adharma-dravya jIva va pudgala padArthoM meM saMtulana kA mAdhyama hai| jo jIva va pudgala calate-calate ThaharanA cAhate haiM, vaha unheM usameM sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai| kintu, yahA~ hameM yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki jo dravya sthira haiM, unheM adharmAstikAya ThaharAtA hai| jaise AkAza apane svarUpa kI apekSA se hI sthira hai to adharmAstikAya usakI sthiti meM nimitta kAraNa nahIM hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM dharma-dravya kI taraha hI adharma-dravya kA svarUpa vivecita huA hai| adharmAstikAya ko parimANa kI dRSTi se loka-pramANa, loka-rUpa, loka-mAtra va loka-spRSTa mAnA hai| arthAt adharmAstikAya ke bhI utane hI pradeza svIkAra kiye haiM, jitane loka ke pradeza haiN| adharmAstikAya kI avagAhanA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jahA~ adharmAstikAya kA eka-pradeza avagAr3ha hotA hai vahA~ adharmAstikAya kA anya dUsarA pradeza nahIM Thahara sakatA hai| arthAt dharmAstikAya kI taraha eka AkAza-pradeza para adharmAstikAya kA eka pradeza hI Thahara sakatA hai| adharmAstikAya kI sparzanA ke saMbaMdha meM vahI vivecana prApta hotA hai jaisA ki dharmAstikAya ke saMbaMdha meM milatA hai|4 adharmAstikAya ko bhI eka akhaMDa dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|25 adharma ke paryAyavAcI bhagavatIsUtra meM adharmAstikAya ke aneka abhivacana kahe gae haiM, yathAadharma, adharmAstikAya, athavA prANAtipAta yAvat mithyAdarzanazalya, athavA I ryAsaMbaMdhI asamiti, yAvat uccAra-prastravaNa-khela-jalla-siMghANapariSThApanikAsambandhI asamiti; athavA mana-agupti, vacana-agupti aura kAya arUpI-ajIvadravya 139

Page #166
agupti; ye saba aura isI prakAra ke jo anya zabda haiM, ve saba adharmAstikAya ke abhivacana haiN| dharma evaM adharma-dravya kI upayogitA bhagavatIsUtra meM jaba gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra se yaha prazna karate haiM, dharmAstikAya se jIvoM kI kyA pravRtti hotI hai? isake pratyuttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiMdharmAstikAya se jIvoM ke Agamana, gamana, bhASA, unmeSa, manoyoga, vacanayoga aura kAyayoga pravRtta hote haiN| ye aura isa prakAra ke jitane bhI gamanazIla bhAva haiM, ye sabhI dharmAstikAya dvArA hI pravRtta hote haiN| dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa gati rUpa hai| ____ bhagavatIsUtra ke ukta kathana se dharmAstikAya kI upayogitA gati ke sahayogI kAraNa ke rUpa meM ubhara kara AtI hai| jIva va pudgala jo bhI gati karate haiM, dharmAstikAya usameM sahayogI kAraNa rahatA hai| dharmAstikAya ke abhAva meM hamArA palakeM jhapakAnA, calanA, uThanA, baiThanA kucha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| dharmAstikAya ina sabakI gati meM nimitta kAraNa hai| dharmAstikAya gati kA niyaMtraka tattva bhI hai| chaH dravyoM meM se jIva va pudgala ye do dravya gatizIla haiM aura ina do dravyoM kI gati meM dharmAstikAya sahAyaka banatA hai| ataH ye donoM (jIva va pudgala) dravya vahIM gati kara sakate haiM, jahAM dharma-dravya hai| dharmAstikAya ke abhAva meM jIva va pudgala kI gati avyavasthita ho jaatii| ve loka va aloka donoM meM yAtrA karate rhte| phira to loka va aloka kA vibhAjana hI samApta ho jaataa| bhagavatIsUtra28 meM adharma dravya kI upayogitA batAte hue bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM- adharma-dravya se jIvoM ke sthAna (sthita rahanA), niSIdana (baiThanA), tvagvartana (karavaTa lenA, leTanA yA sonA) aura mana ko ekAgra karanA tathA isa prakAra ke jitane bhI sthira bhAva haiM, ve saba pravRtta hote haiN| kyoMki adharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa sthiti rUpa hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita isa sUtra se loka vyavasthA ke saMcAlana meM adharma-dravya kI upayogitA bhI pUrNa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM dharma va adharma ke mahattva ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva va pudgala ye donoM gatizIla haiM, gati aura sthiti kA upAdAna kAraNa jIva va pudgala svayaM hai aura nimitta kAraNa dharma va adharma dravya haiN| gati va sthiti sampUrNa loka meM hotI hai isalie aisI zaktiyoM kI apekSA hai, jo svayaM gatizUnya ho aura sampUrNa loka meM vyApta ho kintu, aloka meM na ho| dharmAstikAya tathA adharmAstikAya ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue Age kahA gayA hai ki inake binA loka kI vyavasthA bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 140

Page #167
nahIM cala sakatI hai| loka va aloka kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie koI sthira va vyApaka tattva honA caahiye| dharmAstikAya va adharmAstikAya ye donoM hI tattva vyApaka va sthira haiM tathA ye hI akhaMDa AkAza ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTate haiN| yahI loka kI prAkRtika sImA hai| ye do dravya jisa AkAza khaMDa meM vyApta haiM, vaha loka hai aura zeSa AkAza alok| ye apanI gati, sthiti ke dvArA sImA nirdhAraNa ke upayukta banate haiN| ye jahA~ taka haiM, vahIM taka jIva aura pudgala kI gati va sthiti hotI hai| usase Age unheM gati evaM sthiti kA sahAyaka nahIM milatA isalie ve aloka meM nahIM jA skte| gati ke binA sthiti kA prazna hI kyA? isase unakI niyAmakatA adhika puSTa ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya loka-pramANa hone ke kAraNa loka-aloka kI vibhAjaka zakti kA kArya karate dharmAstikAya tathA adharmAstikAya kI upayogitA na kevala loka va aloka kI vibhAjaka zakti ke rUpa meM ubhara kara AtI hai varan loka kA jo AkAra bhagavatIsUtra meM batAyA gayA hai usake lie bhI ve hI uttaradAyI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra 1 meM loka kA AkAra batAte hue kahA gayA hai- loka supratiSThika (sakore) ke AkAra kA hai| yathA vaha nIce vistIrNa hai| madhya meM saMkSipta hai, Upara Urdhva mRdaMga ke AkAra kA hai| loka kA yaha AkAra dharmAstikAya va adharmAstikAya ke kAraNa hI hai| kyoMki dharmAstikAya-adharmAstikAya kahIM para saMkucita haiM to kahIM para vistRta / jahA~ dharmAstikAya-adharmAstikAya saMkucita haiM vahA~ loka kA AkAra kRza tathA jahA~ dharmAstikAya va adharmAstikAya vistRta haiM, vahA~ loka kA AkAra vistRta hai| AkAza eka akhaMDa dravya hone para bhI dharmAstikAya va adharmAstikAya ke kAraNa loka aura aloka isa rUpa meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| dharmAstikAyaadharmAstikAya ke kAraNa hI lokAkAza meM Urdhva, madhya va adholoka kI bhinnabhinna AkRtiyA~ banatI haiN| Urdhva loka meM dharma, adharma dravya vistRta hote cale gaye haiM, isalie Urdhvaloka kA AkAra Urdhvamukha mRdaMga kI taraha hai| madhyaloka meM dharma, adharma dravya saMkucita haiM ataH vahA~ loka kA AkAra binA kinArI vAlI jhAlara ke samAna banatA hai| phira punaH adholoka meM dharmAdharma dravya vistRtatA ko prApta hue haiM ataH adholoka kA AkAra auMdhe kie hue sakore ke samAna banatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra va anya jainAgamoM meM prApta ina ullekhoM se gati-tattva dharma va sthiti-tattva adharma kA svarUpa va usakI upayogitA svataH siddha ho jAtI hai| arUpI-ajIvadravya 141

Page #168
kintu, AcArya siddhasena divAkara2 dharma va adharma dravya ko svataMtra rUpa se na mAnakara unheM dravya kI paryAya mAtra mAnate haiN| AcArya siddhasena ke atirikta bhI kaI aise dArzanika haiM, jo yaha prazna uThAte haiM ki jaba AkAza sarvagata hai to use hI gati va sthiti meM sahAyaka mAna lenA caahiye| dharma va adharma dravya ko mAnane kA kyA tuka hai? isake uttara meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AkAza yadyapi sarvagata hai aura usakA guNa padArthoM ko avagAhanA denA hai, kintu yadi gati va sthiti meM bhI AkAza ko hI sahAyaka mAna liyA jAya to jIva va pudgala kI gati alokAkAza meM bhI hone lgegii| isa taraha to hamArI sampUrNa loka vyavasthA hI samApta ho jaayegii| sAre padArtha anaMta AkAza meM bhaTakane lageMge aura ho sakatA hai kisI dina yaha vartamAna vizva hI khAlI ho jaaye| gati va sthiti sahAyaka dharma-adharma dravya kI pRthak mahattA ko batAte hue tattvArtharAjavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra machalI kI gati jala meM hI saMbhava hai, jala rahita pRthvI para nahIM, usI taraha AkAza kI upasthiti hone para bhI dharma-adharma ho to jIva aura pudgala kI gati aura sthiti ho sakatI hai|33 AkAzAstikAya AkAza zabda kA artha hama prAyaH 'skAI' se grahaNa karate haiM, kintu jaina paraMparA meM SaDdravya vivecana meM jisa 'AkAza' dravya kI carcA haiM, usakA artha 'skAI' se na hokara 'spesa' se hai| 'skAI' vaha hai, jo pudgala rUpa meM vivecita hai aura raMga-biraMgA dikhAI detA hai| khAlI jagaha ko AkAza kahate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM ise eka sarvavyApaka akhaNDa va amUrta dravya rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jo apane andara sarvadravyoM ko avagAhita karane kI zakti rakhatA hai- guNao avagAhaNAguNe - (vyA. sU. 2.10.4) / bhagavatIvRtti meM AkAza zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai- 'A maryAdApUrvaka athavA abhividhipUrvaka sabhI artha jahA~ kAza ko yAnI apane-apane svabhAva ko prApta hoM, vaha 'AkAza' hai| yadyapi yaha akhaMDa hai para isakA anumAna karAne ke lie isameM pradezoM ke rUpa meM khaNDoM kI kalpanA kara lI jAtI hai| yaha svayaM to ananta hai, parantu isake madhyavartI asaMkhya bhAga meM anya dravya avasthita haiN| isake isa bhAga kA nAma loka hai aura usase bAhara zeSa sarva AkAza kA nAma aloka hai / avagAhanA zakti kI vicitratA ke kAraNa choTe-se choTe loka ke bhAga meM athavA isake eka pradeza para anantAnanta dravya sthita haiN|'35 142 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #169
AkAza kA svarUpa vibhinna jainAgamoM meM AkAza ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM AkAza kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA gayA hai- bhAyaNaM savvadavvAyaM nahaM ogAhalakkhaNaM - (28.9) arthAt AkAza saba dravyoM kA bhAjana hai tathA isakA lakSaNa avagAhana hai| paMcAstikAya meM AkAza kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI gaI hai- jo saba jIvoM ko, pudgaloM ko, aura zeSa bace dharma, adharma aura kAla dravya ko pUrA sthAna detA hai, use loka meM AkAza dravya kahate haiN| tattvArthasUtra7 meM AkAza kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki AkAza dravya nitya, avasthita va arUpI hai| yaha eka akhaMDa dravya hai va niSkriya hai| avagAhanA denA isakA upakAra hai| sarvArthasiddhi38 meM kahA hai- avagAhana karane vAle jIva aura pudgaloM ko avakAza denA AkAza kA upakAra jAnanA caahiye| jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM AcArya tulasI ne AkAza kA lakSaNa avagAhanA svIkAra kiyA hai- avagAhalakSaNa aakaashH|- (1.6) / prAyaH jainAgamoM meM jo AkAza kI paribhASA dI gaI hai vaha usake avagAhanA lakSaNa ko spaSTa karatI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM vistRta rUpa se AkAza kI paribhASA dI gaI hai, jisase usakA pUrNa svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| AkAzAstikAya varNarahita, gaMdharahita, rasarahita aura sparzarahita hai arthAt arUpI hai| zAzvata hai| avasthita hai| loka-aloka pramANa hai arthAt ananta hai| anya pA~ca dravya loka-pramANa hone se asaMkhyAta haiM, AkAza loka-aloka pramANa hone se ananta hai| guNa kI apekSA avagAhanA guNa vAlA hai| __dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se AkAza kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki dravya dRSTi se AkAza eka dravya hai, kSetra kI dRSTi se loka-aloka pramANa hai, kAla kI dRSTi se tInoM kAloM meM vartamAna hone ke kAraNa nitya hai| bhAva kI dRSTi se varNarahita, gaMdharahita, rasarahita va sparzarahita hai tathA guNa kI dRSTi se avagAhanA guNa vAlA hai| isa prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM anya dravyoM kI taraha dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva se AkAza kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| AkAza ke paryAyavAcI bhagavatIsUtra meM AkAza ke nimna paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA nirUpaNa huA haiyathA- AkAza, AkAzAstikAya, athavA gagana, nabha, athavA sama, viSama, khaha (kha), vihAyasa, vIci, vivara, ambara, ambarasa, chidra, zuSira, mArga, vimukha, arda, arUpI-ajIvadravya 143

Page #170
vyarda, AdhAra, vyoma, bhAjana, antarikSa, zyAma, avakAzAntara, agama, sphaTika aura ananta; ye saba tathA inake samAna aura bhI aneka abhivacana AkAzAstikAya ke haiN| bhagavatIvRtti' meM inake nirvacana ko bhI samajhAyA gayA hai| AkAza ke bheda AkAza do prakAra kA hai lokAkAza va alokaakaash| duvihe AgAse paNNatte, taM jahA-loyAkAse ya aloyAkAse ya - (2.10.10) / lokAkAza va alokAkAza meM antara spaSTa karate bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki lokAkAza meM jIva bhI haiM, jIva ke deza bhI haiM, jIva ke pradeza bhI haiM, ajIva bhI haiM, ajIva ke deza bhI haiM, ajIva ke pradeza bhI haiN| jo jIva haiM, ve ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya aura anindriya haiN| jo jIva ke deza haiM, ve niyamata; ekendriya se lekara anindriya taka ke deza haiN| jo jIva ke pradeza haiM, ve ekendriya se lekara anindriya taka ke pradeza haiN| jo ajIva haiM, ve do prakAra ke haiM- rUpI va aruupii| rUpI cAra prakAra ke haiN| skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza va prmaannu-pudgl| arUpI ke pA~ca bheda haiM- dharmAstikAya, nodharmAstikAya kA deza, dharmAstikAya ke pradeza, adharmAstikAya, noadharmAstikAya kA deza, adharmAstikAya ke pradeza va addhAsamaya Adi haiN| alokAkAza meM na jIva haiM, na ajIva, na jIva ke deza, na hI ajIva ke prdesh| vaha eka ajIva dravya deza hai| agurulaghu hai tathA ananta kama sarvAkAza rUpa hai| bRhadravyasaMgraha meM bhI lokAkAza va alokAkAza kA bheda karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dharma, adharma, jIva, pudgala ko jo avakAza pradAna kare vaha lokAkAza hai tathA usa lokAkAza se bAhara alokAkAza hai| AkAza kI upayogitA bhagavatIsUtra meM AkAza dravya kI upayogitA avagAhanA guNa ke kAraNa mAnI gaI hai| ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai AkAzadravya jIvoM va ajIvoM kA bhAjanabhUta hotA hai arthAt AkAza jIva-dravyoM va ajIva-dravyoM ko Azraya detA hai| eka paramANu se paripUrNa yA do paramANu se paripUrNa eka AkAza pradeza meM sau paramANu bhI samA sakate haiN| sau karor3a paramANu se paripUrNa eka AkAza pradeza meM eka hajAra karor3a paramANu bhI samA sakate haiM / AkAzAstikAya kA lakSaNa avagAhanA rUpa hai| uttarAdhyayana45 meM bhI AkAza ko sarvadravyoM kA bhAjana kahA hai| parantu yahAM prazna uThatA hai ki AkAza dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM ko to avagAhanA detA hai, 144 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #171
parantu kyA AkAza kA apanA koI AdhAra nahIM hai, jisakA AkAza Adheya bana sake? isakA uttara dete hue rAjavArtika" meM kahA gayA hai 'AkAza apane AdhAra para ThaharA huA hai| usase adhika pramANa vAle dUsare dravya kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa bhI usakA AdhArabhUta koI dUsarA dravya nahIM ho sktaa| yadi kisI dUsare AdhAra kI kalpanA kI jAye to usase anAvasthA doSa kA prasaMga AyegA, parantu AkAza svayaM apanA AdhArabhUta hone se vaha doSa nahIM A sakatA hai / evaMbhUtanaya kI dRSTi se sAre dravya svapratiSThita haiM / inameM AdhAra - Adheya bhAva nahIM hai / vyavahAra naya se AdhAra-Adheya kI kalpanA hotI hai / vyavahAra se hI vAyu kA AkAza, kA vAyu, pRthvI kA jala, sabhI jIvoM kA pRthvI, jIva kA ajIva, ajIva kA jIva, karma kA jIva aura jIva kA karma, dharma, adharma tathA kAla kA AkAza AdhAra mAnA jAtA hai| paramArtha se to vAyu Adi samasta svapratiSThita haiM / ' jala dik AkAza kA vivecana karate samaya dizAoM kI carcA karanA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| jainadarzana AkAza kI taraha dizAoM ko svataMtra dravya nahIM mAnatA hai| jainAgamoM meM dizA kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki AkAza ke jisa bhAga se vastu kA vyapadeza yA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha dik yA dizA kahalAtI hai|47 AcArAMga 48 kA prAraMbha dizA vivecana se hI huA hai| AcArAMga meM cha: dizAoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiM- pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, Urdhva aura adhaH dishaa| sthAnAMga meM cha: dizAoM tathA eka anya apekSA se dasa dizAoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiM / bhagavatIsUtra' meM dizAoM kA svarUpa batAte hue unheM 'jIva - ajIva rUpa' batAyA gayA hai| isake kAraNa ko spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIvRtti" meM kahA hai ki pUrvAdi cha: dizAe~ jIvarUpa isalie haiM ki unameM ekendriyAdi jIva rahe hue haiM aura ajIva rUpa isalie haiM ki unameM dharmAstikAyAdi ajIva padArtha rahe haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM cha: dizAoM tathA prakArAntara se dasa dizAoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai / cha: dizAoM ke nAma isa prakAra batAye haiM- 1. pUrva, 2. dakSiNa, 3. pazcima, 4. uttara, 5. UrdhvadizA, 6. adhodizA / dasa dizAoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- 1. pUrva, 2. pUrva - dakSiNa, 3. dakSiNa 4. dakSiNa-pazcima, 5. pazcima, 6. pazcimottara, 7. uttara, 8. uttarapUrva 9. UrdhvadizA, 10. adhodizA / arUpI - ajIvadravya 145

Page #172
isa prakAra cha: dizAoM meM cAra vidizAoM ke 4 koNoM ko jor3akara dasa dizAe~ batAI gaI haiN| ina dasa dizAoM ke nAmAntara ko bhI batAyA gayA hai / 52 1. aindI (pUrva), 2. AgneyI(agnikoNa), 3. yAmyA (dakSiNa), 4. nairRtI (nairRtyakoNa), 5. vAruNI (pazcima) 6. vAyavyA (vAyavvakoNa),7. saumyA (uttara) 8. aizAnI (IzAnIkoNa), 9. vimalA (UrdhvadizA), 10. tamA (adhodizA) ina dizAoM ke nAmAntara kA kAraNa spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIvRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrva dizA aindrI isalie kahalAtI hai kyoMki usakA svAmI indra hai| isI prakAra agni, yama, nairRtI, varuNa, vAyu, soma aura IzAna devatA svAmI hone se ina dizAoM ko kramazaH AgneyI, yAmyA, nairRtI, vAruNI, vAyavyA, saumyA aura aizAnI kahate haiN| prakAza yukta hone se UrdhvadizA ko vimalA va andhakAra yukta hone se adhodizA ko tamA kahate haiN| aindrI Adi dasa dizA-vidiza kA svarUpa aindrI- aindrI dizA ke prAraMbha meM rUcaka pradeza haiN| vaha rUcaka pradezoM se nikalI hai| usake prAraMbha meM do pradeza hote haiN| Age do-do pradezoM kI uttarottara vRddhi hotI hai| vaha loka apekSA se asaMkhyAta pradezavAlI hai aura aloka kI apekSA se anaMta pradezavAlI hai| loka-AzrayI vaha sAdi-sAnta hai| aloka AzrayI vaha sAdi-anaMta hai| loka-AzrayI vaha muraja (mRdaMga) ke AkAra kI hai, aura aloka-AzrayI vaha UrdhvazakaTAkAra kI hai| AgneyI- AgneyI dizA ke Adi meM rUcaka pradeza haiN| usakA udgama bhI rUcaka-pradeza se hai| usake Adi meM eka pradeza hai| vaha anta taka eka-eka pradeza ke vistAra vAlI hai| vaha anuttara hai| vaha loka kI apekSA asaMkhyAta pradeza vAlI hai aura aloka kI apekSA ananta pradeza vAlI hai| vaha loka-AzrayI sAdi-sAnta hai, aloka-AzrayI sAdi ananta hai| usakA AkAra TUTI huI muktAvalI ke samAna hai| yAmyA, vAruNI va saumyA dizAoM kA svarUpa aindrI ke samAna hai| zeSa naiRtI, vAyavyA va aizAnI vidizAoM kA svarUpa AgneyI kI taraha hai| vimalA- vimalA dizA ke Adi meM rUcaka-pradeza haiN| vaha rUcaka pradezoM se nikalI hai| usake Adi meM cAra pradeza haiN| vaha anta taka do pradezoM ke vistAra vAlI hai| vaha anuttara hai| loka-AzrayI va asaMkhyAta pradeza vAlI hai, jabaki aloka AzrayI ananta pradeza vAlI hai, AkAra kI dRSTi se rUcakAkAra hai| pradeza vistAra kI dRSTi se tamA dizA kA svarUpa vimalA dizA kI taraha hI hai| 146 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #173
kAla dravya loka kI saMracanA meM jaina- darzana jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma va kAla ina chaH dravyoM ko svIkAra karatA hai / kAla dravya kA astitva hai isa bAta se to prAyaH sabhI jaina dArzanika sahamata haiM, kintu kAla kI svataMtra sattA va usake svarUpa ko lekara AcAryoM meM matabheda hai / kAla dravya kI svataMtratA ko lekara jaina paraMparA meM do dRSTiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| eka dRSTi kAla ko svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai jabaki dUsarI vicAradhArA use jIva- ajIva kI paryAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM madhukara muni ne vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra kI prastAvanA meM vivacena kiyA hai| AgamoM meM kAla kI mAnyatA prAcIna AgamagraMtha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM loka kA svarUpa batAte hue use chaH dravyoM kA samUha kahA hai dhammo ahammo AgAsaM kAlo puggala - ja esa logo ti pannatto jiNehiM varadaMsehiM || (28.7) arthAt jinavaroM dvArA yaha loka dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala va jIva kA samUha rUpa kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke isa ullekha se spaSTa hai ki jaina AgamoM meM kAla ke svataMtra astitva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| -jantavo / - prajJApanAsUtra " meM prajJApanA ke do pramukha bheda jIva - prajJApanA va ajIvaprajJApanA kiye gaye haiM / punaH ajIva prajJApanA ke rUpI va arUpI bheda kiye haiN| arUpI ke dasa bhedoM meM eka bheda addhAsamaya kiyA gayA hai, jo kAla kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| rAjavArtika meM addhAsamaya ko kAlavAcI kahA hai- addhAzabdo nipAtaH kAlavAcI - (5.1.16/433.22) arthAt addhAzabda eka nipAta hai, vaha kAlavAcI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki - samayAti vA AvaliyAti vA jIvati yA ajIvati yA pavuccati - (2.4.387-389 ) arthAt samaya va AvalikA Adi jIva rUpa bhI haiM va ajIva rUpa bhI haiN| isI prakAra Ana, prANa, stoka, kSaNa, lava, muhUrtta sabhI ko jIvarUpa va ajIva rUpa donoM kahA hai| isakA vivecana karate hue madhukara muni ne likhA hai ki 'yadyapi kAla ko eka svataMtra dravya mAnA gayA hai, to bhI vaha cetana jIvoM ke paryAya parivartana meM sahakArI hai, ataH use yahA~ para jIva kahA hai aura acetana pudgalAdi dravyoM ke parivartana meM sahakArI hotA hai, ata: use ajIva kahA gayA hai / sthAnAMga ke isa sUtra ke kAraNa kucha vidvAnoM ne kAla arUpI - ajIvadravya 147

Page #174
dravya ko jIva-ajIva kI paryAya mAnA hai| yaha spaSTa rUpa nahIM hai| hamAre mata se yahA~ kAla ko jIva-ajIva kI paryAya kahanA sUtrakAra kA mantavya nahIM pratIta hotA hai apitu unakA mantavya jIva va ajIva para kAla ke prabhAva ko vivecita karanA hai| jaba kAla jIva-dravya ke parivartana meM sahAyaka hotA hai usa dRSTi se vaha jIva rUpa hai tathA jaba kAla dravya ajIva dravyoM ke parivartana meM sahAyaka hotA hai taba use ajIva rUpa svIkRta kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kAla kI mAnyatA va svarUpa ___bhagavatIsUtra meM kAla ke astitva ko lekara donoM mAnyatAe~ prApta hotI haiN| saMbhavataH usa samaya kAla ke astitva ko lekara matabheda thA aura usI kA prabhAva hai ki graMtha meM jaba loka kA svarUpa varNita kiyA gayA hai taba kAla ko sammilita na karate hue use paMcAstikAya rUpa kahA gayA hai- goyamA! paMcAsthikAyA esa NaM evatie loe tti pavuccai, taM jahA- dhamma'sthikAe, adhamm'thikAe jAva poggala'sthikAe - (13.4.23) arthAt yaha loka pAMca astikAyoM kA samUha hai; ve haiM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya va jiivaastikaay| graMtha meM jahA~ sarvadravyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vahAM dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaH batAI gaI hai- goyamA! chavvihA savvadavvA pannatA taM jahAdhammatthikAye, adhammatthikAe jAva addhAsamaye - (25.4.8) arthAt sarvadravya chaH prakAra ke haiM, dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya, pudgagalAstikAya va addhaasmy| __ yahA~ yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki loka kI saMracanA meM jahA~ use paMcAstikAya rUpa kahA hai vahA~ kAla-dravya ko sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA jabaki sarvadravyoM kI gaNanA karate samaya kAla-dravya ko svIkAra kiyA hai? isa prazna kA samAdhAna isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai ki loka kI saMracanA meM jina pA~cadravyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve sabhI dravya astikAya haiM arthAt pradezapracaya haiM jabaki kAla-dravya astikAya nahIM hai ataH paMcAstikAyarUpa loka mAnyatA meM kAla dravya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ sarvadravya kI bAta kahI vahA~ chaH dravyoM meM addhAsamaya ko sammilita kara dravya rUpa meM mAnyatA dI hai| vastutaH dravya kA lakSaNa sat rUpa kahA gayA hai, arthAt dravya utpAda, vyaya va dhrauvyatA yukta hai, kAla bhI dravya hai kyoMki vaha bhI ina lakSaNoM se yukta hai| kAla meM dhrauvya to svapratyaya hai hI kyoMki vaha svabhAva meM sadA vyavasthita rahatA hai| vyaya aura utpAda agurulaghuguNoM kI 148 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #175
hAni-vRddhi kI apekSA svapratyaya hai tathA para dravyoM meM vartanA hetu hone se para pratyaya bhI hai| spaSTa hai ki dravyoM ke guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM use chaH dravyoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai tathA astikAyarUpa na hone ke kAraNa paMcAstikAyarUpa loka meM usakA ullekha nahIM hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM chaH dravyoM ke alpatva va bahutva kA nirUpaNa karate samaya bhI addhAsamaya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dharmAstikAyAdi kI sparzanAdi meM bhI kAla-dravya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tathA graMtha meM arUpI ajIva dravyoM ke pA~ca, sAta va dasa prabhedoM meM addhAsamaya ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne prathamataH ajIva dravyoM ke sAtha kAla dravya ko nahIM svIkAra kiyA hai- ajIvakAyA dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH - (5.1) kintu, bAda meM kAlAzcetye-(5.38) sUtra dvArA kAla dravya ko mAnyatA dete hue kahA hai ki koI AcArya kAla ko bhI dravya rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| yaha sUtra zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya hai| digambara paraMparA 'kAlAzya' sUtra ko svIkAra karatI hai arthAt kAla bhI dravya hai| digambara paraMparA digambara paraMparA meM kuMdakuMda, akalaMka, pUjyapAda Adi AcArya kAla dravya kI svataMtra sattA ko svIkAra karate haiN| paMcAstikAya61 meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne kAladravya ke astitva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki kAla pariNAma se utpanna hotA hai aura pariNAma nizcaya kAlANu rUpa dravyakAla se utpanna hotA hai| isa dRSTi se vyavahAra kAla kSaNa-pratikSaNa vinAzI va nizcayakAla avinAzI hai| pravacanasAra2 meM AcArya kuMdakuMda dvArA kAla dravya kA astitva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| akalaMka ne utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat ina lakSaNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa kAla dravya ko mAnate hue kahA hai ki kAla meM acetanatva, amUrtatva, sUkSmatva, agurulaghutva Adi sAdhAraNa guNa aura vartanA, hetutva Adi asAdhAraNa guNa pAye jAte haiN| vyaya va utpAda paryAyeM bhI kAla meM barAbara hotI haiM, ata: vaha dravya hai para vaha kAyarUpa nahIM hai| Adhunika vidvAnoM ke mata __Upara kAla ke saMbaMdha meM jainAgamoM va usake vyAkhyAsAhitya meM pratipAdita bhinna-bhinna matoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kAla kI svataMtra sattA ko lekara matabheda hI rahA hai ataH Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bhI isa para apane vicAra vyakta kiye arUpI-ajIvadravya 149

Page #176
haiN| AcArya tulasI ne jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM 'kAlAzca' sUtra dvArA kAla ko dravyarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai tathA loka ko chaH dravyoM kA samUha kahA haiSaDdravyAtmako lokaH - (1.8) / kAladravya ke astitva kI bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAoM ke saMbaMdha meM paM. sukhalAla 4 jI likhate haiM ki prathama mata yaha hai ki samaya, AvalikA, muhUrta, dina-rAta Adi jo bhI vyavahAra kAla-sAdhya haiM, ve sabhI paryAya-vizeSa ke saMketa haiN| paryAya, jIva-ajIva kI kriyA-vizeSa hai, jo kisI bhI tattvAntara kI preraNA ke binA hotI hai, arthAt jIva-ajIva donoM apane-apane paryAya rUpa meM svataH hI pariNata huA karate haiM ataH jIva-ajIva ke paryAya-pu~ja ko hI kAla kahanA caahie| kAla apane-Apa meM koI svataMtra dravya nahIM hai| dvitIya mata yaha hai ki jaise jIva aura pudgala svayaM hI gati karate haiM aura svayaM hI sthira hote haiM, unakI gati aura sthiti meM nimitta rUpa se dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko svataMtra dravya mAnate haiM, vaise hI jIva aura ajIva meM paryAyapariNamana kA svabhAva hone para bhI usake nimittakaraNa rUpa kAla-dravya ko mAnanA caahie| madhukara muni ne vyAkhyAprajJapti kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai ki ukta donoM kathana paraspara virodhI nahIM, kintu sApekSa haiN| nizcaya dRSTi se kAla jIva-ajIva kI paryAya hai aura vyavahAra dRSTi se vaha dravya hai| use dravya mAnane kA kAraNa usakI upayogitA hai| vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva-aparatva ye kAla ke upakAraka haiN| inhIM ke kAraNa vaha dravya mAnA jAtA hai| usakA vyavahAra padArthoM kI sthiti Adi ke lie hotA hai| ___Upara kAla ke saMbaMdha meM AgamoM se lekara Adhunika vidvAnoM va AcAryoM ke matoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ukta vivecana se yaha bAta to spaSTa ho hI jAtI hai ki kAla kI svataMtra sattA ko lekara vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM rahA hai| digambara paraMparA kAla kI svataMtra dravya sattA svIkAra karatI hai jabaki zvetAmbara paraMparA meM do mata milate haiM eka mata kAla ko svataMtra svIkAra karatA hai tathA dUsarA mata use jIvAjIvAtmaka rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| vastutaH sthAnAMga meM jahAM kAla ko jIva va ajIva rUpa kahA hai vahA~ tAtparya sirpha yahI hai ki jIva va ajIva donoM hI kAla se prabhAvita hote haiM lekina yahA~ kAla kI svataMtra sattA kA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| anya Agama uttarAdhyayana jo ki sarvAdhika prAcIna Agama hai kAla kI svataMtra sattA ko mAnatA hai| prajJApanAsUtra va bhagavatIsUtra bhI addhAsamaya 150 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #177
ko dravya meM sammilita kara kAladravya ko mAnyatA de dete haiM ataH yahA~ aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAla-dravya kI sattA svataMtra rUpa se hai, kintu use bhinna-bhinna DhaMga se vivecita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| ___ Adhunika vijJAna bhI yaha Avazyaka mAnatA hai ki isa jagata meM hone vAlI ghaTanAoM ko jAnane ke lie unakA saMbaMdha AkAza va samaya se honA caahiye| samaya ko chor3akara hama kisI bhI ghaTanA ko pUrNarUpa se nahIM jAna sakate haiN| isa zatAbdI ke AraMbha meM prasiddha vaijJAnika AiMsTIna tathA usase pUrva nyUTana ne AkAza va kAla ke svataMtra astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| 'priMsipiyA' meM kAla kI vivecanA karate hue nyUTana ne likhA hai ki 'nirapekSa, vAstavika aura gaNitika kAla apane Apa aura svabhAvataH kisI bAhya vastu kI apekSA binA sadA samAna rUpa se bahatA hai|' spaSTa hai ki nyUTana ne kAla ko svataMtra vastu sApekSa vAstavika tattva mAnA hai| AiMsTIna ke ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke anusAra AkAza kI tIna vimitiyA~ aura kAla kI eka vimiti milakara eka catuvaimitika akhaNDatA kA nirmANa karatI hai aura hamAre vAstavika jagata meM hone vAlI sabhI ghaTanAe~ isa catuvaimitika satattA kI vividha avasthAoM ke rUpa meM sAmane AtI haiN| ___ vartamAna samaya meM prasiddha lekhaka sTephana haoNkiMga ne apanI prasiddha pustaka 'e bripha hisTrI oNpha TAima'66 meM kAla kA vaijJAnika adhyayana prastuta karate hue kAla ke saMbaMdha meM kaI prazna uThAye haiN| yathA- hama anAgata kAla ko kyoM nahIM jAnate? tathA jo bhava bIta gaye use hama kyoM nahIM jAnate? ina praznoM kA uttara kucha hada taka jaina darzana ke saMdarbha meM diyA jA sakatA hai| yathA jaina paraMparA meM jAtismaraNajJAna pUrvagata kAla ko jAnanA hI hai| arthAt kAla pIche bhI gati karatA hai| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba kAla svataMtra-dravya ho| isI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA graMtha meM kaI jagaha (atimukta kumAra, gozAlaka Adi ke prasaMga meM) Ane vAle bhavoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| yaha anAgata kAla ko jAnanA hI to hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vizeSa zodha kI AvazyakatA hai, jisase jaina sammata kAladravya ko Adhunika vijJAna ke samakSa khar3A kiyA jA ske| kAla kA svarUpa va lakSaNa jo vastu mAtra ke parivartana meM sahAyaka hotA hai, vaha kAla dravya hai, yadyapi pariNamana kI zakti sabhI padArthoM meM vartamAna hotI hai, kintu bAhya nimitta ke abhAva arUpI-ajIvadravya - 151

Page #178
meM vaha zakti abhivyakta nahIM hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kAla kA lakSaNa vartanA mAnA hai - vattaNA lakkhaNo kAlo - (28.10) / AcArya umAsvAti7 ne kAla ke lakSaNa vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva va aparatva mAne haiN| dravyasaMgraha68 meM AcArya nemicandrasUri ne kAla ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki yadyapi kAla kAyarUpa nahIM hai tathApi ratnarAzI kI taraha AkAza ke eka-eka pradeza para eka-eka kAlANu sthita hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM kAla manuSya-kSetramAna meM jyotiSa cakra ke gati kSetra meM hI vartamAna hai| vaha manuSya kSetra pramANa hokara ke bhI sampUrNa loka ke parivartanoM kA nimitta banatA hai| vaha apanA kArya jyotiSacakra kI gati kI sahAyatA se karatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM addhAkAla kA svarUpa batAte hue atItakAla, anAgatakAla va samastakAla ko varNa, rasa, gaMdha va sparza rahita batAyA hai| eka samaya kI vyAkhyA kAla paramANu ke rUpa meM karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kAla paramANu cAra-prakAra kA haiavarNa, agaMdha, arasa va asprsh| eka samaya ko kAla paramANu kahate haiM ataH eka samaya meM usake lie varNAdi kI vivakSA nahIM hotI hai| kAla ke sabase choTe rUpa ko 'samaya' kahA hai arthAt jisakA do bhAgoM meM chedana-bhedana na ho sake vaha samaya hai| lakSaNa __ vartanA- pratyeka dravya pratyeka paryAya meM prati samaya jo svasattA kI anubhUti karatA hai, use vartanA kahate haiN| pariNAma- dravya meM apanI svadravyatva jAti ko nahIM chor3ate hue jo svAbhAvika yA prAyogika parivartana hotA hai, use pariNAma kahate haiM apanI maulika sattA ko na chor3ate hue pUrvaparyAya kA vinAza va uttaraparyAya kA utpanna honA hI pariNamana hai| kriyA- bAhya va AbhyaMtara nimittoM se dravya meM hone vAlA parispaMdAtmaka pariNamana kriyA hai| kriyA do prakAra kI hotI hai- prAyogika aura svaabhaavik| bailagAr3I kA calanA prAyogika kriyA hai tathA bAdala kA garajanA, varSA honA svAbhAvika kriyA hai| ___paratva-aparatva- paratva va aparatva kSetrakRta bhI haiM aura guNakRta bhI haiN| kSetra kI dRSTi se paratva kA tAtparya dUravartI evaM apara kA samIpavartI hai| kAla kI dRSTi se sau sAla kA vRddha 'para' tathA solaha sAla kA yuvaka 'apara' hai| kAla ke prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM kAla ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM; 1. pramANakAla, 2. yathAyurnirvRttikAla, 3. maraNakAla, 4. addhAkAla 152 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #179
pramANakAla- jisase rAtri, divasa, varSa, zatavarSa Adi kA pramANa jAnA jAye, use pramANa kAla kahate haiN| pramANakAla do prakAra kA hai, divasapramANakAla va raatriprmaannkaal| yathAyurnirvRttikAla- cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karane vAle nairayika, tiryaMca, manuSya yA deva meM se jo jaisI AyuSya bAMdhatA hai usa AyuSya kA pAlana karanA yA bhoganA yathAyurnirvRttikAla kahalAtA hai| maraNakAla- jIva kA zarIra se yA zarIra kA jIva se pRthaka honA maraNakAla kahalAtA hai| maraNazabda kAla kA paryAyavAcI hai, ataH maraNa hI kAla hai| addhAkAla- samaya, AvalikA Adi kAla addhAkAla kahalAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM addhAkAla aneka prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| vaha samayarUpa prayojana ke lie hai, AvalikA rUpa prayojana se lekara utsarpiNI rUpa prayojana ke lie hai| gaNanIyakAla- jisa kAla kI saMkhyA meM gaNanA ho vaha gaNanIya kAla hai| do bhAgoM meM jisakA chedana-bhedana na ho sake vaha samaya hai| asaMkhya samayoM ke samudAya kI eka AvalikA, saMkhyAta AvalikA kA eka ucchvAsa, saMkhyeya ucchvAsa kA eka ni:zvAsa, svastha vyakti kA eka ucchvAsa va eka niHzvAsa milakara eka prANa, sAta prANoM kA eka stoka, sAta stoka kA eka lava, 77 lavoM kA eka muhUrta, tIsa muhUrta kA eka ahorAtra, pandraha ahorAtra kA eka pakSa, do pakSoM kA eka mAsa, do mAsoM kI eka Rtu, tIna RtuoM kA eka ayana, do ayana kA eka saMvatsara, paMca saMvatsara kA eka yuga, bIsa yuga kA eka varSazata, dasavarSazata kA eka varSa sahastra, sau varSa sahastroM kA eka varSazata sahastra, caurAsI lAkha varSoM kA eka pUrvAMga, caurAsI lAkha pUrvAMgoM kA eka pUrva, caurAsI lAkha pUrva kA eka truTitAMga, caurAsI lAkha truTitAMga kA eka truTita hotA hai| isa prakAra pahale kI rAzi ko 84 se guNA karane se uttarottara rAziyA~ banatI haiN| yathA- aTTAMga, aTTa, avavAMga, avava, hUhUkAMga, hUhUka, utpalAMga, utpala, padmAMga, padma, nalinAMga, nalina, arthanupUrAMga, arthanupUra, ayutAMga, ayuta, prayutAMga, prayuta, nayutAMga, nayuta, cUlikAMga, cUlikA, zIrSaprahelikAMga aura shiirssprhelikaa| yahA~ taka kA kAla gaNita kA viSaya hai| isake bAda kA kAla aupamika viSaya hai| aupamikakAla/4- jisakI gaNanA na kI jA sake vaha kAla aupamika kAla kahA jAtA hai| aupamikakAla do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai- 1. palyopama 2. saagropm| nairayika, tiryaMcayonika, manuSyoM tathA devoM kA AyuSya palyopama va sAgaropama dvArA mApA jAtA hai| inake svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana graMthA5 meM kiyA gayA hai| arUpI-ajIvadravya 153

Page #180
saMdarbha 1. vyA. sU. 13.4.66 2. 'gatilakkhaNe NaM dhammatthikAe' vahI, 13.4.24 vyA. sU. 2.10.2 paMcAstikAya, gA. 83 dravyasaMgraha, gA. 17 zAstrI, devendra muni, jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizrUSaNa, pR. 132 The Nature of the Physical world, P, 31 8. vahI, 20.2.4 9. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka 776 'loe loyamatte loyappamANe loyaphuDe loyaM ceva phusittANaM ciTTai' - vahI, 2.10.13 vahI, 13.4.52 vahI, 2.10.14-21 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra (bhAga-1), vivecana, pR. 251 'egapadesUNe vi ya NaM dhammatthikAe no dhammatthikAe tti vattavvaM siyA' - vyA.sU. 2.10.7-8 15. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka 149 16. (ka) vyA. sU. 2.10.3 (kha) dravyasaMgraha, 18 (ga) tattvArthasUtra, 5.17 17. vyA. sU. 2.10.3 18. varNI, jinendra-padArtha vijJAna, pR. 190 19. paMcAstikAya, gA. 86 20. paMcAstikAya, gA. 89 21. tattvArthasUtra, 5.17 dravyasaMgraha, gA. 18 vyA. sU. 13.4.53 vahI, 2.10.22 vahI, 2.10.8 vahI, 20.2.5 vyA. sU. 13.4.24 vyA. sU. 13.4.25 29. prajJApanAvRtti, pada 1 30. muni nathamala- jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 189 31. vyA. sU. 11.10.10 32. nizcayadvAtriMzika, 24 33. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 5.17.20-21, pR. 462 154 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #181
34. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka 776 35. jainendra siddhAnta koza (bhAga-1) pR. 219 36. paMcAstikAya, gA. 90 37. tattvArthasUtra 5.1.3, 5, 6, 18 38. sarvArthasiddhi, 5.18.561 pR. 216 39. vyA. sU. 2.10.4 40. vyA. sU. 20.2.6 41. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka 776 vyA. sU. 2.10.11-12 dravyasaMgraha, gA. 20 44. vyA. sU. 13.4.26 45. uttarAdhyayana, 28.9 46. rAjavArtika, 5.12.2-6 pR. 454-455 47. 'dizyate vyapadizyate pUrvAditayA stavanayeti dika'- sthA. vRtti AcArAMga, muni madhukara, 1.1.1 49. sthAnAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 6.37, 10.31 50. 'jIva ceva ajIva ceva' - vyA. sU. 10.1.3-5 51. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka 493 52. vyA. sU. 10.1.6,7 53. 'indo devatA yasyAH saindrI.............bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka 493 54. vyA. sU. 13.4.16-22 vyA. sU. (bhAga-4), prastAvanA, pR. 63 56. prajJApanAsUtra, 1.5 57. sthAnAMgasUtra, muni madhukara vivecana, 2.4.387-389, pR. 81 vyA. sU. 25.4.17 vahI, 13.4.48-49 vahI, 25.2.1-2, 10.1.8, 2.10.11 'kAlo pariNAmabhavo pariNAmo dvvkaalsNbhuudo| doNhaM esa sahAvo kAlo khaNabhaMguro nniydo|| paMcAstikAya, gA. 100 pravacanasAra, jJeyatattvAdhikAra, gA. 36.43, 44 63. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 5.39.1-2 pR. 501 64. darzana aura cintana, pR. 331-332 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra (bhAga-4), prastAvanA, pR. 64 66. A Brief History of time, P. 15-37 67. vartanA pariNAmaH kriyA paratvAparatve ca kAlasya' tattvArthasUtra, 5.22 55. arUpI-ajIvadravya 155

Page #182
68. dravyasaMgraha, gA. 22 69. 'tIyaddhA avaNNA jAva aphAsA pnntaa| evaM aNAgayaddhA vi| evaM savvaddhA vi|'- vyA. sU. 12.5.35 _ 'cauvvidhe pannate, taM jahA - avaNNe agaMdhe arase aphaase|' - vahI 20.5.18 71. 'addhA dohAracchedeNaM chijjamANI jAhe vibhAgaMno havvAmAgacchati se ttaM samAe samayaTThatAe' vahI 11.11.16 72. (ka) vahI, 11.11.7-16 73. vahI, 6.7.5 74. vahI, 11.11.17 75. vahI, 6.7.7,8 156 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #183
jJAna mImAMsA

Page #184
jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana jJAnavAda __ jaina-darzana jJAna ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa svIkAra karatA hai| svAbhAvika guNa vaha hotA hai, jo apane AzrayabhUta dravya kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai| ata: jaina paramparA jJAna se vimukta AtmA kI kalpanA hI nahIM kara sakatI hai| isa paraMparA meM jJAna va AtmA ke abheda kI carcA bahuta purAnI hai| sarvAdhika prAcIna jaina Agama graMtha AcArAMga meM jJAna va AtmA ke ekatva ko sthApita karate hue kahA gayA haije AtA se viNNAtA, je viNNAtA se AyA - (1.5.5.171) arthAt jo AtmA hai vaha jJAna rUpa hai tathA jo jJAna hai vaha bhI AtmarUpa hai| yahA~ AtmA va jJAna meM pUrNarUpa se tAdAtmya sthApita kara jJAna ko AtmA kA nija guNa mAna liyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI jJAna ko AtmA se abhinna mAnate hue kahA gayA hai- AyA siya NANe siya annANe, NANe puNa niyamaM AyA - (12.10.10) arthAt AtmA kathaMcit jJAnarUpa hai, kathaMcita ajJAna rUpa hai, kintu jJAna to niyama se hI AtmarUpa hai| yahA~ dravyadRSTi se jJAna va AtmA kI abhinnatA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| cUMki jJAna AtmA kA pariNAma hai, jo ki badalatA rahatA hai| isa dRSTi se graMtha meM jJAna va AtmA meM bheda bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| paryAya dRSTi se jJAna va AtmA meM bheda karate hue AtmA ke ATha prakAroM meM eka bheda jJAnAtmA kiyA gayA hai| 1. dravyAtmA, 2. kaSAyAtmA, 3. yogAtmA, 4. upayogAtmA, 5. jJAnAtmA, 6. darzanAtmA, 7. cAritrAtmA, 8. viiryaatmaa| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne bhI vyavahAra va nizcayanaya ke mAdhyama se jJAna va AtmA ke saMbaMdha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki vyavahAranaya se jJAna va AtmA meM bheda hai, kintu nizcayanaya kI apekSA se jJAna va AtmA meM koI bheda nahIM hai| ukta kathana meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne AtmA ke anya guNoM ko bhI jJAnAntargata kara liyA hai kyoMki AtmA meM jJAna ke atirikta aura bhI kaI guNa haiN| lekina isa virodha kA 158 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #185
pravacanasAra meM parihAra karate hue unhoMne spaSTa likhA hai ki anantasukha, anantajJAna hai| sukha aura jJAna abhinna hai| AtmA va jJAna ke abheda kI carcA kuMdakuMda dvArA niyamasAra' meM karate hue punaH kahA gayA hai, vyavahArika dRSTi se kevalI sabhI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai| pAramArthika dRSTi se vaha AtmA ko jAnatA hai| AtmA va jJAna ke abheda ko svIkAra karane para ukta vAkya kA yahI artha liyA jA sakatA hai ki kevalI apane jJAna (AtmA) ko jAnatA hai| prazna uThatA hai, apane jJAna ko kisI dUsare jJAna kI sahAyatA binA kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai? isakA bhI jaina-darzana meM uttara dete hue jJAna ko dIpaka kI taraha sva-para prakAzaka kahA hai| arthAt jJAna apane ko jAnatA huA dUsare padArthoM ko bhI jAnatA hai| jJAna kA svarUpa jJAna satya ko jAnane kA sAdhana hai| satya jJeya hai ataH jainAgama graMthoM meM pahale jJAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai tatpazcAt jJeya ko| pravacanasAra, anuyogadvAra, naMdIsUtra Adi meM pahale jJAna kA hI prAraMbha kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna jaina graMthoM meM jJAna kI paribhASAe~ prApta hotI haiN| sthAnAMgavRtti meM kahA gayA hai jisake dvArA artha jAne jAte haiM yA artha kA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai, usakA nAma jJAna hai|' sthAnAMga kI isI vRtti meM 'jJAti' mAtra ko jJAna kahA hai| anuyogadvAra kI malayavRtti' meM kahA hai- 'jisake dvArA vastu kA svarUpa jAnA jAya athavA jo nija svarUpa kA prakAzaka hai, vaha jJAna kahalAtA hai|' Avazyakaniyukti meM jJAna kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI gaI hai'yathAvasthita vastu ke svarUpa ko jisase jAnA jAtA hai, use jJAna kahate haiN|' vastutaH jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai tathA jo jAnatA hai vaha jJAna hai arthAt jJAna jAnane mAtra kA sAdhana hai|' __bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna kI koI vyavasthita paribhASA to nahIM milatI hai| upayoga kI carcA meM upayoga ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM; sAkAropayoga va niraakaaropyog| sAkAropayoga jJAna hai tathA nirAkAropayoga darzana hai| jJAnavAda kI vikAsa paraMparA jaina-paraMparA meM pA~ca jJAna kI carcA bhagavAn mahAvIra se pahale bhI vidyamAna thI, jise bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI vANI meM jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra kara liyaa| isa viSaya meM rAjaprazrIyasUtra meM eka vRttAMta milatA hai| pArzvaparamparA ke anuyAyI kezIkumAra zramaNa kahate haiM- evaM khalu paesI amhaM samaNANaM niggaMthANaM jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana 159

Page #186
paMcavihe nANe paNNatte - taMjahA AbhiNibohiyanANe suyanANe ohiNANe maNapajjvaNANe kevalaNANe - ( madhukara muni, 241 ) arthAt hama zramaNa nirgrantha pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna ko mAnate haiM- AbhinibodhikajJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna va kevalajJAna / uttarAdhyayana" meM kezI aura gautama ke saMvAda se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn pArzva aura mahAvIra ke zAsana meM AcAra - viSayaka kucha matabheda the, kintu tattvajJAna meM kucha bhI matabheda nahIM thA anyathA usakA ullekha prastuta saMvAda meM avazya hotA / isa sambandha meM mAlavaNiyA jI ne likhA haiAgamoM meM pA~ca jJAnoM ke bheda-prabheda kA jo varNana hai, karmazAstra meM jJAnAvaraNIya ke jo bheda-prabheda kA varNana hai, jIvamArgaNAoM meM pA~ca jJAnoM kI jo ghaTanA varNita hai, tathA pUrvagata meM jJAnoM kA svataMtra nirUpaNa karane vAlA jo jJAnapravAda - pUrva hai, ina sabase yahI phalita hotA hai ki paMca- jJAna kI carcA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nayI nahIM zuru kI hai, kintu pUrva paraMparA se jo calI A rahI thI, usako hI svIkAra kara Age bar3hAyA hai| spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jJAna ke viSaya meM pArzva kI paraMparA meM ullekhita pA~ca jJAnoM ko hI svIkAra kara vikasita kiyA hai / 12 vikAsakrama kI dRSTi se jainAgamoM meM jJAnavibhAjana kI tIna bhUmikAe~ prApta hotI haiM / mAlavaNiyAjI ne isa para vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| 13 prathamabhUmikA - prathamabhUmikA meM jJAna ko pA~ca bhedoM meM hI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / yaha vibhAjana bhagavatIsUtra 14 meM prApta hotA hai / jJAna Abhinibodhika zruta avadhi 160 manaH paryava kevala avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNA sUtrakAra ne ukta vibhAjana kA zeSa varNana rAjapraznIyasUtra se pUrNa karane kI sUcanA dI hai| I dvitIyabhUmikA - dvitIyabhUmikA sthAnAMga meM prApta hotI hai / yahA~ jJAna ko pratyakSa va parokSa do bhedoM meM vibhakta kara pA~coM jJAnoM meM se mati va zruta jJAna ko parokSa ke antargata rakhA tathA avadhi, manaHparyava va kevalajJAna ko pratyakSa ke antargata rakhA hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #187
isa vibhAjana meM indriyajanya jJAna ko parokSa meM sthAna diyA gayA hai kyoMki jaina matAnusAra AtmasApekSa jJAna ko hI pratyakSa jJAna mAnA gayA hai jabaki sabhI jainetara dArzanikoM ne indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa meM sthAna diyA hai| sthAnAMga meM varNita jJAna kA yaha vibhAjana bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita vibhAjana kA vikasita rUpa pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ pA~coM jJAna ko pratyakSa va parokSa ke prabheda ke rUpa meM ginAyA gayA hai| bAda ke jainAcAryoM ne isI ke AdhAra para jJAna kA vibhAjana kiyA hai| yaha vibhAjana isa prakAra hai; jJAna pratyakSa parokSa kevala nokevala Abhinibodhika zrutajJAna avadhi mana:paryava aMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya bhavapratyayika kSAyopazamika Rjumati vipulamati Avazyaka Avazyakavyatirikta kAlika utkAlika zrutaniHsRta azrutaniHsRta arthAvagraha vyaMjanAvagraha arthAvagraha vyaMjanAvagraha tRtIyabhUmikA- jJAna-vibhAjana kI tRtIya bhUmikA meM laukika mAnyatA ke sAtha kucha aura parivartana hue| yahA~ indriyajanya matijJAna ko pratyakSa va parokSa donoM meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| yaha bhUmikA naMdIsUtra meM jJAna carcA meM milatI hai| yaha vibhAjana isa prakAra hai jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana 161

Page #188
Abhinibodhika zruta avadhi pratyakSa indriya pratyakSa 1. zrotrendriya pratyakSa 2. cakSurindriya pratyakSa 3. ghrANendriya pratyakSa 4. rasanendriya pratyakSa 5. sparzendriya pratyakSa zrutaniHsRta avagraha IhA avAya vyaMjanAvagraha arthAvagraha 162 jJAna noindriya pratyakSa | 1. avadhi 2. mana: paryava 3. kevala manaH paryava Abhinibodhika dhAraNA parokSa azrutaniHsRta kevala zru autpattikI vainayikI karmA pAriNAmikI buddhi isa vibhAjana se yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se sAmane AtI hai ki yahA~ jJAna ke pA~ca bheda kara unako pratyakSa va parokSa meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai tathA anya jainetara dArzanikoM kI taraha indriyajanya pA~ca jJAnoM ko pratyakSa tathA manojanya matijJAna ko parokSa mAnA hai| yahA~ loka - vyavahAra ke anurodha se hI indriyajanya matijJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA hai anyathA vaha parokSa hI hai / isI AdhAra para Age calakara AcArya akalaMka tathA anya AcAryoM ne jJAna ke bheda-prabheda ke krama ko Age bar3hAyA hai I bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #189
bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna-vibhAjana bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna-vibhAjana ke svarUpa ko prathama bhUmikA meM spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai| vahA~ sUtrakAra dvArA Age kA varNana rAjapraznIyasUtra se pUrNa karane kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| rAjapraznIyasUtra meM isa vibhAjana ke pazcAt avagraha ke do bhedoM kA ullekha mAtra karake zeSa varNana nandIsUtra se pUrA karane kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| nandIsUtra meM prApta jJAna ke vibhAjana ko dekhane para yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki vahA~ prAraMbha meM jJAna ke pA~coM bhedoM ko pratyakSa va parokSa meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai tathA AbhinibodhajJAna ke zrutani:sRta tathA azrutaniHsRta ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita vibhAjana meM ye bheda nahIM milate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna ke pA~cabheda karake AbhinibodhikajJAna ke avagrahAdi cAra bhedoM ko ginAyA gayA hai| isase yaha bAta to spaSTa ho hI jAtI hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM prApta jJAna kA vibhAjana prAcIna hai, Age isI paraMparA kA vikAsa huA hai| nandIsUtra va anya jaina graMthoM ke anusAra pA~coM jJAnoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai: sarvaprathama jJAna ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM phira unheM saMkSepa meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pratyakSa va parokSa / pratyakSa jJAna pratyakSajJAna ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM; (ka) indriyapratyakSa (kha) noindriyapratyakSa, (ka) indriyapratyakSajJAna pA~ca prakAra kA batAyA hai 1. zrotrendriya pratyakSa- jo kAna se hotA hai 2. cakSurindriya pratyakSa- jo A~kha se hotA hai 3. ghrANendriya pratyakSa- jo nAka se hotA hai 4. jihvendriya pratyakSa- jo jihvA se hotA hai 5. sparzendriya pratyakSa- jo tvacA se hotA hai (kha) noindriyapratyakSajJAna tIna prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai; 1. avadhijJAnapratyakSa, 2. mana:paryavajJAnapratyakSa, 3. kevalajJAnapratyakSa avadhijJAnapratyakSa jisa jJAna kI sImA hotI hai, use avadhijJAna kahate haiN| avadhijJAna kevala rUpI padArthoM ko hI jAnatA hai| avadhijJAna ke do bheda haiM- 1. bhavapratyayika, 2. kssaayopshmik| bhavapratyayika avadhijJAna janma ke sAtha utpanna hone vAlA tathA devoM va nArakoM ko hI hotA hai| kSAyopazamika avadhijJAna, avadhijJAnAvaraNIya karmoM jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana 163

Page #190
meM se udayagata kA kSaya hone se tathA anudita karmoM kA upazama hone se utpanna hotA hai / yaha jJAna manuSyoM va tiryaMcoM ko hotA hai / avadhijJAna cha: prakAra kA batAyA gayA 1 hai; 1. Anugamika 2. anAnugamika 3. varddhamAna 4. hIyamAna 5. pratipAtika 6. apratipAtika manaH paryava jJAna manuSyoM ke mana ke cintita artha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna manaH paryavajJAna kahalAtA hai / yaha jJAna manuSyoM ko hI utpanna hotA hai, nAraka va tiryaMcoM ko nahIM / manaH paryavajJAna do prakAra se utpanna hotA hai - Rjumati aura vipulamati / 7 Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati jJAna adhika zuddha hone ke kAraNa mana ke sUkSma pariNAmoM ko bhI jAna sakatA hai| RjumatijJAna utpanna hone ke bAda naSTa ho jAtA hai, kintu vipulamatijJAna kevalajJAna kI prApti taka banA rahatA hai| kevalajJAna - jo sAtha calatA hai, * jo sAtha nahIM calatA, - - 164 jo vRddhi pAtA hai, jo kSINa hotA hai, - jo ekadama lupta ho jAtA hai, jo nahIM hotA / kevalajJAna kI prApti taka vidyamAna rahatA hai lupta -- kevala zabda kA artha eka yA sahAya rahita hai / jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke naSTa hone se jJAna ke avAntara bheda miTa jAte haiM aura jJAna eka ho jAtA hai, usake pazcAt indriya yA mana kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai ataH vaha kevala (akelA) jJAna kahalAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kevalajJAnI indriyoM se na dekhate haiM va na jAnate haiM / kevalajJAna ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- bhavasthakevalajJAna aura siddhkevljnyaan| Age inake bheda - prabheda kA vivacena kiyA gayA hai| 18 parokSa jJAna nandIsUtra meM parokSa jJAna ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM; Abhinibodhika jJAna va zrutajJAna / AbhinibodhikajJAna AbhinibodhikajJAna ke do bheda haiM- azrutanizrita aura zrutanizrita / azrutanizrita matijJAna cAra prakAra kA hai; autpattikI - kSayopazama bhAva ke kAraNa, zAstra abhyAsa ke binA hI sahasA jisakI utpatti ho, use autpattikI buddhi kahate haiM / bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #191
vainayikI- guru Adi kI vinaya-bhakti se utpanna buddhi vainayikI hai| karmajA- zilpAdi ke nirantara abhyAsa se utpanna buddhi karmajA hotI hai| pAriNAmikI- cirakAla taka pUrvApara paryAlocana se athavA umra ke paripAka se jo buddhi utpanna hotI hai, use pAriNAmikI buddhi kahate haiN| zrutanizritamatijJAna cAra prakAra kA hai- 1. avagraha, 2. IhA, 3. avAya, 4. dhaarnnaa| avagraha- jo jJAna nAma, jAti, vizeSya, vizeSaNa Adi vizeSatAoM se rahita mAtra sAmAnya ko jAnatA hai, vaha avagraha kahalAtA hai| avagraha ke punaH do bheda kiye gaye haiM; 1. arthAvagraha, 2. vyNjnaavgrh| IhA- chAnabIna ke bAda asat ko chor3akara sat rUpa ko grahaNa karanA IhA kA kArya hai| avAya- nizcayAtmaka yA nirNayAtmaka jJAna ko avAya kahate haiN| dhAraNA- jaba avAyajJAna atyanta dRr3ha ho jAtA hai, use dhAraNA kahate haiN| zrutajJAna matijJAna ke pazcAt jo cintanamanana ke dvArA paripakva jJAna hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| zrutajJAna ke lie zabda zravaNa Avazyaka hai| vastutaH Apta puruSoM dvArA racita Agama va anya zAstroM se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiN| nandIsUtra meM isake 14 bheda kiye gaye haiN| tIna ajJAna ___ bhagavatIsUtra' meM jJAna ke pA~ca bhedoM ke atirikta tIna prakAra ke ajJAna kI bhI carcA prApta hotI hai; 1. matiajJAna (mithyAmatijJAna) 2. zrutaajJAna (mithyAzrutajJAna) 3. vibhaMgajJAna (mithyaaavdhi-jnyaan)| jJAna va darzana jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| upayoga ke do bheda haiM- sAkAropayoga aura anAkAropayoga / grantha meM sAkAropayoga ko darzana va nirAkAropayoga ko jJAna kahA gayA hai|anaakaar kA artha nirvikalpaka va sAkAra kA artha savikalpaka hai| jo upayoga sAmAnya kA grahaNa karatA hai, vaha nirvikalpaka hai| jo vizeSa ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha savikalpaka hai| bhagavatIsUtra-1 meM jJAna va darzana donoM ko hI AtmasvarUpa mAnA hai| graMtha meM jJAna ke lie 'jANai' va darzana ke lie pAsai' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jJAna va darzana yugapat hote haiM yA nahIM isa bAta kI vivecanA karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana 165

Page #192
hai ki jJAna va darzana yugapat nahIM hote haiN| ise udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| paramaavadhijJAnI yA kevalajJAnI jisa samaya paramANu - pudgala ko jAnatA hai, usI samaya dekhatA nahIM hai tathA jisa samaya dekhatA hai, usI samaya jAnatA nahIM hai| jJAna sAkAra va darzana nirAkAra hotA hai, aura paraspara viruddha do dharma vAloM kA eka hI kAla meM eka hI sthAna meM honA saMbhava nahIM hotA ataH jJAna va darzana donoM kI kriyA eka hI samaya meM nahIM hotI hai / Avazyakaniryukti meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki kevalI ke do upayoga eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate haiM / digambara paramparA 24 kevalI meM jJAna va darzana donoM ko yugapata svIkAra karatI hai / pramANa jaina-darzana meM jJAna ke sAtha pramANa kI carcA bhI jur3I huI hai / pA~coM jJAna meM se kaunasA jJAna pramANa hai, kaunasA jJAna apramANa yaha pramANa ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke pazcAt hI nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai / pramANa zabda kA vyutpattimUlaka artha haipramIyate yena tatpramANam arthAt jisake dvArA padArthoM kA jJAna ho vaha pramANa hai / pramANa samagra vastu ko akhaNDarUpa se grahaNa karatA hai / vaha bhale hI kisI eka guNa dvArA padArtha ko jAnane kA upakrama kare, parantu usa guNa ke dvArA vaha sampUrNa vastu ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / isIlie pramANa ko sakalAdezI kahA gayA hai 125 pramANa kI paribhASA va svarUpa I jaina graMthoM meM pramANa kI vibhinna paribhASAe~ prApta hotI haiM / AcArya umAsvAti ne jJAna ko hI pramANa kahA hai 26 / jaina nyAya ke prasthApaka AcArya akalaMka ke anusAra pramANa jJAna vahI hotA hai jo avisaMvAdI ho evaM ajJAta artha ko jAnane vAlA ho / 27 AcArya vidyAnanda ne pramANa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki padArtha kA yathArtha nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai / yaha pramANa kA lakSaNa paryApta hai / anya sabhI vizeSaNa vyartha haiM / 28 AcArya siddhasena 29 ne sva aura para ko prakAzita karane vAle abAdhita jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne jaina pramANa kI antima va pariSkRta paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai- artha kA samyak nirNaya pramANa hai 130 uparyukta paribhASAoM se pramANa kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| vastuta: jaina paramparA jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnatI hai / viparyaya Adi pramANa na ho jAya ata: abAdhita zabda kA prayoga bhI jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jainAcAryoM ke anusAra vahI jJAna pramANa ho sakatA hai jo nizcayAtmaka ho, vyavasAyAtmaka ho, nirNayAtmaka ho, savikalpaka ho / 31 166 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #193
jJAna va pramANa kI svataMtratA jainAgamoM meM jJAna ke vikAsa kI tInoM bhUmikAoM ke avalokana se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jaina-Agama graMthoM meM jJAnacarcA ko pramANa se svataMtra rakhA hai| vahA~ jJAnacarcA ke sAtha pramANacarcA kA koI saMbaMdha sthApita karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pA~coM jJAnoM meM hI samyaktva aura mithyAtva ke bheda ke dvArA jaina AgamakAroM ne vahI prayojana siddha kiyA hai jo dUsare dArzanikoM ne pramANa va apramANa ke vibhAga dvArA kiyA hai| arthAt AgamagraMthoM meM pramANa va apramANa ina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiye binA hI prathama tIna jJAnoM (mati, zruta va avadhi) meM viparyaya-mithyAtva va samyaktva kI saMbhAvanA mAnI hai tathA aMtima do jJAna (manaparyavaH va kevala) meM ekAnta samyaktva batAyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM mAlavaNiyA jI likhate haiM- jaba bhI AgamoM meM jJAna kA varNana AtA hai taba pramANoM yA apramANoM se una jJAnoM kA kyA saMbaMdha hai, use batAne kA prayatna nahIM kiyA hai aura jaba pramANoM kI carcA AtI hai taba kisI pramANa ko jJAna kahate hue bhI Agama prasiddha pA~ca jJAnoM kA samAveza aura samanvaya usameM kisa prakAra hai, yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki AgamakAroM ne jainazAstra prasiddha jJAnacarcA aura anya darzanoM meM prasiddha pramANacarcA kA samanvaya karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyaa| donoM carcA kA pArthakya hI rkhaa|2 jainAgamoM meM pramANacarcA jainAgamoM meM pramANa kA kisI nA kisI rUpa meM vivecana avazya milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM prAyaH dArzanika tattvoM ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| isameM 363 vicAradhArAoM kA pramANa kI dRSTi se nAma nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyayana meM svasamayaparasamaya ke pramANoM ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM nikSepa paddhati kI dRSTi se pramANa ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM- dravyapramANa, kSetrapramANa, kAlapramANa aura bhAvapramANa 4 sthAnAMga meM pramANa ke lie hetu va vyavasAya zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| jJApti ke sAdhanabhUta hone se pratyakSAdi ko hetu zabda se vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ hetu zabda kA prayoga huA hai vahA~ pramANa ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM- pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura aagm| sthAnAMga meM pramANa ke tIna bheda bhI prApta hote haiN| vahA~ pramANa ke sthAna para vyavasAya zabda kA prayoga huA hai- tivihe vavasAye paNNatte taM jahA - paccakkhe paccaie ANugAmie - (3.3.395) arthAt vyavasAya tIna prakAra ke haiM; pratyakSa, prAtyayika aura anugmik| vastutaH sAMkhya darzana ne tIna pramANa mAne haiM aura jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana 167

Page #194
nyAyadarzana ne cAra / ye donoM paraMparAe~ anuyogadvAra meM pramANa kI carcA meM vistAra se prApta hotI haiN| isameM jaina vyAkhyApaddhati se pramANa kI carcA kI gaI hai / anuyogadvAra ke racayitA ne zabda ke vyAkaraNa, koSAdi prasiddha sabhI saMbhAvita arthoM kA samAveza karake, vyApaka artha meM pramANa zabda prayukta kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM pramANa carcA bhagavatIsUtra yadyapi darzana kA graMtha hai, kintu isameM vyApaka rUpa se pramANa kI carcA prApta nahIM hotI hai| pramANa carcA ko ekasUtra dvArA isa prakAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai- jahA NaM bhaMte! kevalI aMtakaraM vA aMtimasarIriyaM vA jANati pAsati tathA NaM chaumatthe vi aMtakaraM vA aMtimasarIriyaM vA jANati pAsati ? gomA ! No iTTe samaTThe, soccA jANati pAsati pamANato vA / (5.4.26) arthAt kevalI manuSya jisa prakAra antakara yA antima zarIra ko jAnatA - dekhatA hai / usI prakAra se chadmastha nahIM jAnatA va dekhatA hai, vaha sunakara yA pramANa dvArA jAnatA va dekhatA hai / 1 spaSTa hai ki yahA~ pA~coM jJAna kI dRSTi se uttara na dekara mukhya rUpa se pramANa kI dRSTi se uttara diyA gayA hai| yaha prayoga isa bAta ko siddha karatA hai ki jainetara anya darzanoM kI taraha jaina AgamakAra pramANa vyavasthA se anabhijJa nahIM the / ve svasaMmata jJAnoM kI taraha pramANoM ko bhI jJApti meM svataMtra sAdhana mAnate the 1 pramANa ke prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM pramANa ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM- paNAme cauvvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-paccakkhe, aNumANe, ovamme, Agame / jahA aNuyogaddAre tahA yavvaM pamANaM jAva teNa paraM no attAgame, no aNaMtarAgame, paraMparAgame - (5.4.26) arthAt pramANa cAra prakAra ke haiM; pratyakSa, anumAna, aupamya va aagm| inakA vivecana anuyogadvArasUtra se pUrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| anuyogadvArasUtra " ke anusAra inakA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai / pratyakSa pratyakSa pramANa ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM; indriyapratyakSa aura noindriyapratyakSa / indriyapratyakSa ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. zrotrendriya- pratyakSa, 2. cakSurindriyapratyakSa, 3. ghrANendriya- pratyakSa, 4. jihvendriya- pratyakSa, 5. sparzendriya- pratyakSa | jaina paramparA meM jJAna carcA meM indriyajanya jJAnoM ko parokSajJAna ke antargata rakhA gayA hai, kintu pramANa kI carcA parasaMmata pramANoM ke hI AdhAra se hai, ataeva yahA~ usI ke anusAra indriyajanya jJAnoM ko pratyakSa- pramANa kahA gayA hai / yahA~ mAnasaindriya ko bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 168

Page #195
svataMtra sthAna nahIM dekara indriyapratyakSa meM hI mAnasa pratyakSa kA samAveza kara liyA gayA hai| noindriyapratyakSa pramANa meM tIna pratyakSa jJAnoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai1. avadhi-jJAnapratyakSa, 2. mana:paryava-jJAnapratyakSa, 3. kevl-jnyaanprtykss| ye tInoM pratyakSa indriyajanya nahIM hokara AtmasApekSa haiM ata: noindriyapratyakSa kahalAte haiN| anumAna anumAna pramANa ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. pUrvavat, 2. zeSavat, 3. dRssttsaadhrmyvt| pUrvavat anumAna pUrvavat kI vyAkhyA karate hue anuyogadvAra meM kahA gayA hai ki pUrva paricita kisI liMga ke dvArA pUrva paricita vastu kA jJAna karanA pUrvagat anumAna hai| jaise mAtA bAlyakAla se guma hue aura yuvA hokara vApasa Aye hue putra ko kisI pUrva nizcita cihna (ghAva, lAMchana, masa, tila Adi) se pahacAnatI hai ki yaha putra merA hai| zeSavat anumAna zeSavat anumAna pA~ca prakAra kA hai- 1. kAryeNa, 2. kAraNena, 3. guNena, 4. avayavena, 5. aashryenn| kAryeNa- kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna krnaa| jaise- zaMkha yA bherI ke zabda ko sunakara zaMkha va bherI kA anumAna krnaa| kAraNeNa- kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna krnaa| jaise- taMtu, paTa kA kAraNa hai| paTa taMtu kA kAraNa nahIM hai| guNeNa- guNa se guNI kA anumAna krnaa| yathA- gaMdha se puSpa kA, kasauTI se svarNa kA anumAna krnaa| avayavena- avayava se avayavI kA anumAna krnaa| jaise sIMga se mahiSa kA, zikhA se kukkuTa kA, dA~ta se hAthI kA aadi| Azrayena- Azrita vastu se Azraya kA anumaan| yathA- dhUma se agni kA, bakapaMkti se pAnI kA aadi| dRSTasAdharmyavat dRSTasAdharmyavat anumAna ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| 1. sAmAnyadRSTa, 2. vizeSadRSTa / sAmAnyadRSTa- kisI eka puruSa se bahuta se puruSoM kA jJAna isI prakAra bahuta se puruSoM se eka puruSa kA jJAna sAmAnyadRSTa anumAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kisI eka vastu ke darzana se sajAtIya sabhI vastuoM kA tatsAdharmya karanA yA bahuvastu dekhakara kisI vizeSa meM tatsAdharmya kA jJAna karanA sAmAnyadRSTa hai| jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana 169

Page #196
vizeSadRSTa- aneka vastuoM meM se kisI eka vastu ko pRthak karake usakA jJAna karanA vizeSadRSTa anumAna hai| jaise aneka puruSoM meM khar3e hue eka pUrvadRSTa puruSa ko pahacAnanA ki yaha vaha puruSa hai| --- kAla kI dRSTi se anumAnagrahaNa tIna prakAra kA hai| __ atItakAlagrahaNa- tRNayuktavana, niSpannazasyApRthvI, jalapUrNa-kuMDa-saranadI-tAlAba dekhakara acchI varSA kA anumaan| pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa- bhikSAcaryA meM pracura bhikSA milatI dekha subhikSa kA anumAna krnaa| anAgatakAlagrahaNa- megha kI nirmalatA, kAle pahAr3a, megha garjana Adi dekhakara acchI vRSTi kA anumAna krnaa| ina tInoM lakSaNoM kI viparIta pratIti se viparIta anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise sUkhe canoM Adi ko dekhakara kuvRSTi kA, bhikSA prApta na hone para durbhikSa kA tathA khAlI bAdala dekhakara varSA na hone kA anumAna krnaa| anumAna ke avayava __ anumAna ke avayavoM ke saMbaMdha meM mUla AgamoM meM carcA prApta nahIM hotI hai| kintu, AcArya bhadrabAhu ne dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM isakI carcA kI hai| unake mata ke anusAra anumAna vAkya ke do, tIna, pA~ca yA dasa avayava hote haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM do avayava - pratijJA, udAharaNa / tIva avayava - pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa pA~ca avayava - pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upasaMhAra, nigamana dasa avayava (ka) - pratijJA, pratijJAvizuddhi, hetu, hetuvizuddhi, dRSTAnta, dRSTAntavizuddhi, upasaMhAra, upasaMhAravizuddhi, nigamana, nigamanavizuddhi dasa avayava (kha) - pratijJA, pratijJAvibhakti, hetu, hetuvibhakti, vipakSa, vipakSa-pratiSedha, dRSTAnta, AzaMkA, AzaMkApratiSedha, nigmn| upamAna upamAna pramANa do prakAra kA hai; 1. sAdhopanIta, 2. vaidhopniit| sAdhopanIta jina padArthoM kI sadRzyatA upamA dvArA siddha kI jAya, use sAdhopanIta kahate haiN| isake tIna bheda haiM; 170 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #197
1. kiMcitasAdhopanIta- jaisA candra hai vaisA kumuda hai, jaisA kumuda hai vaisA candra hai| 2. prAya:sAdhopanIta- jaisA gau hai vaisA gavaya hai, jaisA gavaya hai vaisA gau hai| 3. sarvasAdhopanIta- arihaMta ne arihaMta jaisA hI kiyaa| vaidhopanIta isake bhI tIna bheda haiM; 1. kiMcitavaidhopanIta- jaisA zAbaleya hai vaisA bAhuleya nhiiN| jaisA bAhuleya hai vaisA zAbaleya nahIM hai| 2. prAya:vaidhopanIta- jaisA vAyasa hai vaisA pAyasa nahIM hai| jaisA pAyasa hai vaisA vAyasa nahIM hai| 3. sarvavaidhopanIta- dAsa ne dAsa jaisA nahIM kiyaa| Agama nirUpaNa Agama ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM; 1. laukika Agama, 2. lokottara Agama laukika Agama- jise ajJAnI, mithyAdRSTijanoM ne apanI svacchanda buddhi aura mati se racA ho, vaha laukika Agama hai| yathA rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aadi| lokottara Agama- jJAna-darzanadhAraka, atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata ke jJAtA, trilokavartI jIvoM dvArA saharSa vaMdita, pUjita, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, arihaMta bhagavantoM dvArA praNIta jaise- AcArAMga Adi bAraha dvAdazAMga, gaNipiTaka, lokottarika Agama haiN| eka anya dRSTi se lokottara Agama ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM1. sUtrAgama, 2. arthAgama, 3. prmpraagm| ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna va pramANa donoM para pracura mAtrA meM vivecana huA hai| saMkalanakartA ne mUlagraMtha meM isakA varNana na karake nandIsUtra va anuyogadvArasUtra se pUrA karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| ina donoM sUtroM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jJAna, prAmANya-aprAmANya ke viSaya meM bhagavatIsUtra meM acchI sAmagrI hai, jise bAda ke AcAryoM ne tarka ke AdhAra para vikasita kiyA hai aura jaina pramANazAstra kI nIMva ko sudRr3ha kiyaa| saMdarbha 1. vyA. sU., 12.10.1 2. 'vavahAreNuvadissai NANissa carittaM-dasaNaM nnaannN| Na vi NANaM Na carittaM Na daMsaNaM jANago suddho- samayasAra, gA. 7 3. pravacanasAra, 1.60 jJAna evaM pramANa vivecana 171

Page #198
4. 5. niyamasAra, zuddhopayogAdhikAra, 159 jaina nyAya kA vikAsa, pR. 1 6. sthAnAMgavRtti, abhayadeva, 2.1 -- - - 7. anuyogadvAra, muni madhukara, 1 vivecana, pR. 4 8. Avazyakaniyukti, 1073 jainendrasiddhAnta koza, bhAga-2, pR. 257 vyA. sU., 16.7.1 11. uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 23 Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 129 13. vahI, pR. 129-135 14. vyA. sU., 8.2.22-23 15. sthAnAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 2.1.86-106, pR. 36-37 16. rAjaprazrIyasUtra, muni madhukara, 241, pR. 161 17. 'RjuvipulamatI manaHparyAyaH' - tattvArthasUtra, 1.24 18. vyA. sU., 6.10.14 19. vahI, 8.2.24 20. vahI, 16.7.1 21. vyA. sU. 12.10, 16 22. jaM samayaM pAsai no taM samayaM jANai- vahI 18.8.21 23. savvassa kevalissa jugavaM do natthi uvaogA- Avazyakaniyukti, gA. 979 24. (ka) dravyasaMgraha, 44 (kha) gommaTasAra(jIvakANDa) 730 (ga) niyamasAra, gA. 160 25. coktaM 'sakalAdezaH pramANAdhIno - sarvArthasiddhi, 1.6.24 tattvArthasUtra, 1.9-10 27. aSTazatI, pR. 175 28. tattvArthokavArtika, 1.10.77 pR. 174 29. pramANaM svaparabhAsijJAnaM bAdhavivarjitama - nyAyAvatAra, 1 30. samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam - pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.2, pR. 2 31. jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizreSaNa, pR. 385 32. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR. 135-136 sUtrakRtAMgavRtti,7 34. sthAnAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 4.1.125, pR. 240 35. 'ahavA heU cauvvihe paNNatte, taM jahA-paccakkhe aNumANe ovamme Agame' sthAnAMga, 43.504 36. anuyogadvAra, pramANAdhikAra 172 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #199
anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda anekAntavAda anekAntavAda jaina darzana kI apanI maulika dena hai / yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI vaidika sAhitya' meM aura usake samakAlIna bauddha sAhitya' meM anekAntadRSTigarbhita vicAra bikhare hue mila jAte haiM / tathApi jaina darzana ne isa siddhAnta kA vyavasthita DhaMga se nirUpaNa kiyA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM ne Adhunika graMtha bhI likhe haiM / anekAnta kA artha anekAnta zabda jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai, jo kisI bhI padArtha ko usake samagra svarUpa ke sAtha prastuta karatA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se vastu kA darzana karanA hI 'satya - darzana' kA vAstavika mArga hai aura vahI anekAnta hai| zAbdika dRSTi se anekAnta zabda ' aneka' va 'aMta' ina do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai / aneka kA artha hai- eka se adhika yA nAnA / anta kA artha hai- dhrm| isa dRSTi se anekAnta kA artha huA vastu meM nAnA dharmoM kA honA / kintu, yaha zAbdika artha anekAnta ke pUrNa svarUpa ko vyakta nahIM karatA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra kisI vastu meM aneka dharmoM kA honA anekAntavAda nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA to prAyaH sabhI darzana svIkAra karate haiM / kintu, pratyeka dharma apane pratipakSI dharma ke sAtha vastu meM rahatA hai, isI satya ko pratipAdita karanA jaina anekAntavAda kA lakSya hai| 1 jaina tattva vyavasthA ke kSetra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna anekAMtavAda kI prarUpaNA ke rUpa meM jAnA jA sakatA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM mAlavaNiyA jI likhate haiM- Agama graMthoM kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt to yahI siddha hotA hai ki loka-vyavasthA, jIva- ajIva ke bhedopabheda, paramANu - vivecana, tapa, cAra prakAra ke dhyAna, guNasthAna Adi ke viSaya meM to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne koI nayA mArga nahIM dikhaayaa| ye saba to pArzva kI paraMparA meM bhI vidyamAna the / lekina tatkAlIna anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 173

Page #200
dArzanika kSetra meM tattva ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM jo naye-naye prazna uThate rahate the, una praznoM kA spaSTIkaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anya dArzanikoM ke vicAroM kA samanvaya karate hue kiyA, yahI unakI dArzanika kSetra ko mahAn dena thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki IsA ke bAda hone vAle jaina- dArzanikoM ne jaina tattva vicAroM ko anekAntavAda ke nAma se pratipAdita kiyA va mahAvIra ko isa vAda kA upadezaka batAyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI anekAnta dRSTi ke udAharaNa prAyaH Agama graMthoM meM milate haiM / kintu, bhagavatIsUtra ina sabhI meM agraNI hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko anekAMta kA prarUpaka svIkAra kiyA hai| isake spaSTIkaraNa ke lie graMtha meM varNita bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nimna svapna kI vyAkhyA prastuta hai 1 citra-vicitra- paMkhavAle puMskokila kA svapna bhagavatIsUtra' meM una dasa mahAsvapnoM kA vivecana huA hai jinheM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne chadmastha avasthA kI antima rAtri meM dekhe the / unameM se tIsarA svapra isa prakAra thA- egaM ca NaM mahaM citta-vicittaM pakkhagaM puMsakoilagaM suviNe pAsittANaM paDibuddhe - ( 16.6.20) arthAt eka bar3e citra-vicitra pAMkha vAle puMskokila ko svapna meM dekhakara pratibuddha hue / isa mahAsvapna kA phala batAte hue graMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jaM NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre egaM mahaM cittavicitta jAva paDibuddhe taM NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vicittaM sasamaya-parasamaiyaM duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM Aghaveti pannaveti parUveti daMseti nidaMseti uvadaMseti, taM jahA AyAraM sUyagaDaM jAva diTThivAyaM - (16.6.21) arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra eka vicitra sva - para siddhAnta ko batAne vAle AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi dvAdaza gaNipiTakoM ko prarUpita kreNge| ukta svapna meM ullekhita citravicitra zabda vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai / isa zabda kI vidvAnoM ne acchI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| mAlavaNiyAjI' ne apanI pustaka meM likhA hai - 'puMskokila kI pAMkha ko citra - vicitra kahane kA aura AgamoM ko vicitra vizeSaNa dene kA khAsa tAtparya to yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki unakA upadeza anekaraMgI - anekAntavAda mAnA gayA hai / vizeSaNa se sUtrakAra ne yahI dhvanita kiyA hai, aisA nizcaya karanA to kaThina hai, kintu yadi bhagavAn ke darzana kI vizeSatA aura prastuta citra-vicitra vizeSaNa kA kucha mela biThAyA jAya, taba yahI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki yaha vizeSaNa sAbhiprAya hai aura usase sUtrakAra ne bhagavAn ke upadeza kI vizeSatA arthAt anekAntavAda ko dhvanita kiyA ho to Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / ' 174 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #201
DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA' ne likhA hai- 'isa (svapna) varNana ko par3hane se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki zAstrakAra ne kitane sundara DhaMga se eka siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| citra-vicitra paMkhavAlA puMskokila kauna hai? yaha syAdvAda kA pratIka hai| jaina darzana ke prANabhUta siddhAnta syAdvAda kA kaisA sundara citraNa hai / vaha eka varNa ke paMkha vAlA kokila nahIM hai apitu citra-vicitra paMkha vAlA kokila hai / jahA~ eka taraha ke paMkha hote haiM, vahAM ekAntavAda hotA hai, syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda nhiiN| jahA~ vividha varNa ke paMkha hote haiM, vahA~ anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda hotA hai, ekAntavAda nahIM / eka varNavAle va citra-vicitra paMkhavAle kokila meM yahI antara hai / ' uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko anekAnta ke upadezaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura isa bAta kI siddhi graMtha meM Aye kaI udAharaNoM se hotI hai, jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI anekAnta dRSTi kA prayoga kara gautama gaNadhara, jayantI zrAvikA, somila brAhmaNa Adi ke praznoM ke uttara diye haiM / yathA dRSTavya hai 1 gautama - koI yadi aisA kahe ki maiM sarvaprANa, sarvabhUta, sarvajIva, sarvasattva kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hU~ to kyA usakA vaha pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna hai yA duSpratyAkhyAna ? bhagavAn mahAvIra- syAt supratyAkhyAna hai aura syAt duSpratyAkhyAna hai / gautama - bhaMte! isakA kyA kAraNa ? bhagavAn mahAvIra - jisako yaha bhAna nahIM ki ye jIva haiM aura ye ajIva, ye trasa haiM aura ye sthAvara, usakA vaisA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai / vaha mRSAvAdI hai| kintu, jo yaha jAnatA hai ki ye jIva haiM aura ye ajIva, ye trasa haiM aura ye sthAvara, usakA vaisA pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna hai, vaha satyavAdI hai / isI prakAra graMtha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jayaMti zrAvikA ke prakaraNa' meM tattvavidyA se saMbaMdhita praznoM kA anekAnta paddhati se samAdhAna kiyA hai / bAda ke jaina AcAryoM ne ise vikasita kara nayA rUpa pradAna kiyaa| jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM anekAntavAda bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pradAna kI gaI anekAnta dRSTi kI bAda ke AcAryoM ne apane DhaMga se vyAkhyA kara use paribhASita karane kA prayatna kiyA / AcArya siddhasena 10 ne anekAnta kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki kisI bhI vastu ko aneka anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 175

Page #202
pahaluoM se dekhanA, jA~canA athavA usa taraha dekhane kI vRtti rakhakara vaisA prayatna karanA hI anekAnta dRSTi hai| ekAnta vastugatadharma nahIM hai, kintu buddhigata kalpanA hai| jaba buddhi zuddha hotI hai to ekAnta kA nAmonizAna nahIM rhtaa| dArzanikoM kI bhI samasta dRSTiyA~ anekAnta dRSTi meM usI prakAra vilIna ho jAtI haiM jaise vibhinna dizAoM se Ane vAlI saritAe~ sAgara meM ekAkAra ho jAtI haiN| AcArya amRtacanda ne apanI samayasAra kI AtmakhyAti TIkA1 meM likhA hai ki jo vastu sat svarUpa hai vahI asat svarUpa bhI hai, jo vastu eka hai vahI aneka bhI hai, jo vastu nitya hai vaha anitya bhI hai| isa prakAra eka hI vastu meM vastutva ke niSpAdaka paraspara virodhI dharmayugaloM kA prakAzana karanA hI anekAnta hai| vibhajyavAda sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM bhikSu kaisI bhASA kA prayoga kareM, isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki 'vibhajyavAda' kA prayoga karanA caahie| vibhajyavAda kA matalaba ThIka samajhane meM hameM jaina TIkA graMthoM ke sAtha-sAtha bauddha graMthoM se bhI madada milatI hai| bauddha majjhimanikAya (sutta-99) meM zubha mANavaka jaba bhagavAn buddha se prazna karate haiM- 'maiMne suna rakhA hai ki gRhastha hI ArAdhaka hotA hai, pravarjita ArAdhaka nahIM hotA hai| isameM ApakI kyA sammati hai?' isa prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn buddha apane ko ekAMzavAdI na batAkara vibhajyavAdI batAte hue kahate haiM- 'yadi gRhastha bhI mithyAtvI hai, to nirvANa mArga kA ArAdhaka nahIM hai aura tyAgI bhI yadi mithyAtvI hai to nirvANa mArga kA ArAdhaka nahIM hai| kintu, yadi ve donoM samyak pratipatti sampanna haiM, tabhI ArAdhaka hote haiN|' isa prakAra buddha ne isa prazna kA uttara ekAMzI hA~ yA nahIM meM na dekara, tyAgI yA gRhastha kI ArAdhakatA aura anArAdhakatA meM jo apekSA yA kAraNa thA use batAkara donoM ko ArAdhaka aura anArAdhaka batAyA hai| arthAt prazna kA uttara vibhAga karake diyA hai isI kAraNa apane ko ve vibhajyavAdI kahate haiN| jaina TIkAkAra vibhajyavAda kA artha syAdvAda arthAta anekAntavAda karate haiN| aisI sthiti meM sUtrakRtAMgagata vibhajyavAda kA artha anekAntavAda, nayavAda, apekSAvAda yA pRthakkaraNa karake, vibhAjana karake kisI tattva ke vivecana karane vAle vAda se liyA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAna buddha ke vibhajyavAda kI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vibhajyavAda bhI bhagavatIsUtra ke praznottara se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| nimna praznottara kI sahAyatA se hama bhagavAn buddha va bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vibhajyavAda kI tulanA saralatA se kara sakate haiN| 176 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #203
gautama- bhante, jIva sakampa haiM yA niSkampa? bhagavAn mahAvIra- gautama, jIva sakampa bhI haiM aura niSkampa bhii| gautama- isakA kyA kAraNa? bhagavAn mahAvIra- jIva do prakAra ke haiM- saMsArI aura mukt| mukta jIva ke do prakAra haiM anantarasiddha aura paramparasiddha / paraMpara-siddha to niSkampa haiM aura anaMtarasiddha skmp| saMsArI jIvoM ke bhI do prakAra haiM- zailezIpratipannaka aura ashaileshiiprtipnnk| zailezIpratipannaka jIva niSkampa hote haiM aura azailezIpratipannaka sakampa hote haiM - (25.4.81) / gautama- jIva savIrya haiM yA avIrya haiM? bhagavAn mahAvIra- jIva savIrya bhI haiM aura avIrya bhI haiN| gautama- isakA kyA kAraNa? bhagavAn mahAvIra- jIva do prakAra ke haiN| saMsArI aura mukt| mukta to avIrya haiN| saMsArI jIva ke do bheda haiM- zailezIpratipanna aura azailezIpratipanna / zailezIpratipanna jIva labdhivIrya kI apekSA se savIrya haiM, kintu karaNa-vIrya kI apekSA se savIrya bhI haiM aura avIrya bhI haiN| jo jIva parAkrama karate haiM, ve karaNavIrya kI apekSA se savIrya haiM aura aparAkramI haiM, ve karaNavIrya kI apekSA se avIrya haiM - (1.8.10) / bhagavatIsUtra meM isa taraha ke kaI praznottara prApta hote haiM jahA~ buddha ke vibhajyavAda kI taraha hI praznoM ke vibhAga karake uttara diye gaye haiN| yahA~ bhagavAn buddha va bhagavAn mahAvIra donoM ne eka sAmAnya meM do virodhI bAtoM ko svIkAra karake usI eka ko vibhakta karake donoM vibhAgoM meM do virodhI dharmoM ko saMgata batAyA hai| lekina yahA~ eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki uparyukta vibhajyavAda meM do virodhI dharma eka kAla meM kisI eka vyakti meM nahIM, balki bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM meM ghaTAye gaye haiN| bhagavAna buddha kA vibhajyavAda isa maryAdita kSetra meM hI rahA, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa vibhajyavAda ke kSetra ko vyApaka bnaayaa| unhoMne virodhI dharmoM ko eka hI kAla meM aura eka hI vyakti meM apekSA bheda se ghaTAyA hai| isI kAraNa se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vibhajyavAda Age calakara anekAntavAda yA syAvAda ke rUpa meM vikasita ho gyaa| anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 177

Page #204
vibhinna kSetroM meM anekAnta kA prayoga bhagavatIsUtra meM aise aneka udAharaNa milate haiM, jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAnta dRSTi kA Azraya lekara jagata kI vyavasthA se saMbaMdhita aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai| kucha praznoM se saMbaMdhita vivecana yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| loka kI nityAnityatA 15 bhagavatIsUtra meM skandaka parivrAjaka va jamAli ke prakaraNa meM loka kI nityatA va anityatA ke prazna ko sulajhAte hue use nityAnitya kahA hai / yaha loka zAzvata bhI hai aura zAzvata bhI hai / tInoM kAloM meM aisA koI samaya nahIM jaba yaha loka vartamAna na rahA ho| loka thA, hai aura rahegA / ataH yaha loka dhruva, niyata, zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya aura nitya hai / dUsarI dRSTi se yaha loka azAzvata bhI hai kyoMki avasarpiNI kAla hokara utsarpiNI kAla hotA hai, phira utsarpiNI kAla hokara avasarpiNI kAla hotA hai| isa prakAra astitva kI dRSTi se loka kI nityatA ko pratipAdita karate hue use dhruva va zAzvatarUpa mAnA hai, vahIM kAla bheda ke kAraNa loka meM dRSTigocara hone vAlI vividhatAoM ke kAraNa use azAzvata rUpa meM mAnA hai| loka kI sAntatA aura anantatA 16 bhagavatIsUtra meM loka cAra prakAra kA batAyA hai- dravyaloka, kSetraloka, kAlaloka va bhAvaloka / dravya kI apekSA se loka eka hai, aura antavAlA hai, kSetra kI apekSA se asaMkhya kor3Akor3I yojana taka lambA-caur3A hai, asaMkhya kor3Akor3I yojana kI paridhi vAlA hai tathA anta sahita hai; kAla kI apekSA se tInoM kAloM meM vartamAna hai, aisA koI kAla nahIM jaba loka na rahA ho ataH dhruva, niyata va nitya hai; bhAva kI apekSA se ananta paryAyoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa anta rahita hai / yahA~ dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva ina cAra dRSTiyoM ko apanAte hue loka kI sAntatA aura anantatA ke prazna kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jIva kI nityatA va anityatA jIva kI nityatA va anityatA ke prazna kA samAdhAna bhI prastuta graMtha meM anekAntazailI meM kiyA gayA hai- 'jIvA siya sAsayA siya asAsayA (7.2.36) arthAt jIva zAzvata bhI haiM aura azAzvata bhI haiM / dravya dRSTi se jIva zAzvata haiM, kintu bhAva dRSTi se jIva azAzvata haiN| bhAvadRSTi se tAtparya paryAya dRSTi se hai| sabhI jIvoM meM jIvatva kA astitva hamezA rahatA hai / ataH yahA~ apekSA bheda se dravya kI dRSTi se jIva ko zAzvata mAnA hai, kintu jIva kI paryAyeM sadA hI badalatI bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 178 -

Page #205
rahatI haiN| eka paryAya ko chor3akara vaha dUsarI, tIsarI paryAya ko grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| isIliye paryAya dRSTi se vaha anitya va azAzvata hai| isI bAta ko nAraka jIva ke udAharaNa dvArA adhika spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| avyucchittinaya kI apekSA se nAraka zAzvata hai tathA vyucchittinaya kI apekSA se azAzvata hai|7 arthAt jisa prakAra jIvadravya kI apekSA se jIva zAzvata hai usI prakAra nAraka ko bhI jIva dravya kI apekSA se zAzvata kahA hai tathA nArakAdi paryAya kI dRSTi se nAraka ko azAzvata kahA hai kyoMki paryAyeM sabhI jIvoM kI badalatI rahatI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke naveM zataka meM jamAli ke sAtha hue praznottara meM jIva kI nityatA-anityatA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yathA- jIva zAzvata hai, kyoMki tInoM kAloM meM aisA koI samaya nahIM jaba jIva nahIM ho| ataH vaha nitya, dhruva, akSaya........zAzvata hai| jIva azAzvata bhI hai kyoMki vaha nairayika hokara tiryaMcayonika hokara, manuSya ho jAtA hai aura manuSya hokara kadAcit deva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jIva vividha paryAyoM ko prApta karatA hai aura ina vividha paryAyoM meM bhramaNa karate hue bhI usameM jIvatva kabhI bhI lupta nahIM hotA hai, usakI avasthAe~ lupta hotI rahatI haiN|18 mAlavaNiyAjI ke anusAra isa vyAkaraNa meM aupaniSad RSisammata AtmA kI nityatA aura bhautikavAdisammata AtmA kI anityatA ke samanvaya kA saphala prayatna hai| arthAt bhagavAn buddha ke azAzvatAnucchedavAda ke sthAna meM zAzvatocchedavAd kI spaSTa rUpa se pratiSThA kI gaI hai|" jIva kI sAntatA va anantatA20 jIva dravya eka svataMtra dravya hai ataH anya dravyoM kI bhAMti usameM bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se sAntatA va anantatA kI prarUpaNA ho sakatI hai| skandaka parivrAjaka ke prakaraNa meM dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva ina cAra dRSTiyoM ko grahaNa kara kahA gayA hai- dravya kI apekSA se jIva sAnta hai| kSetra kI apekSA se (eka jIva) asaMkhyAta pradezavAlA hai ataH sAnta hai| kAla kI apekSA se tInoM kAloM meM vartamAna hone ke kAraNa ananta hai tathA bhAva kI dRSTi se ananta jJAnadarzana-cAritra va ananta agurulaghuparyAya rUpa hone ke kAraNa ananta hai| vastutaH dravya va kSetra kI dRSTi se jIva sImita hai ataH use sAnta kahA gayA hai| kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se jIva asImita hai ataH use ananta kahA gayA hai| mAlavaNiyAjI ke anusAra yaha kaha karake bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AtmA ke 'aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn' isa aupaniSad mata kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 179

Page #206
paramANu-pudgala kI nityatA va anityatA... anekAntavAda kA sahArA lekara hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavatIsUtra meM paramANupudgala ko kathaMcit zAzvata va kathaMcit azAzvata kahA hai| dravyArthika dRSTi se use zAzvata mAnA hai tathA varNa, rasa, gaMdha Adi paryAyoM kI dRSTi se use azAzvata mAnA hai| yathA- davvaTThayAe sAsae, vaNNapajjavehiM jAva phAsapajjavehiM asaase| se teNaTeNaM jAva siya asAsae - (14.4.8) / graMtha meM anyatra dravya kI dRSTi se pudgala kI zAzvatatA ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai| yaha pudgala dravya atIta, vartamAna tathA bhaviSyat tInoM kAloM meM thA, hai aura rhegaa| tInoM kAloM meM aisA koI kSaNa nahIM jaba pudgala kA sAtatya na ho| punaH 14 veM zataka meM paryAya kI dRSTi se isakI anityatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai; yaha pudgala ananta, aparimita aura zAzvata atIta kAla meM eka samaya taka rUkSa sparza vAlA rahA, eka samaya taka arUkSa (snigdha) sparza vAlA rahA aura eka samaya taka rUkSa aura snigdha donoM prakAra ke sparza vAlA rhaa| pahale karaNa (arthAt prayogakaraNa aura visrasAkaraNa) ke dvArA yahI pudgala aneka varNa aura aneka rUpa vAle pariNAma se pariNata huA aura usake bAda aneka varNAdi pariNAmoM se kSINa hone para vaha eka varNa vAlA va eka rUpavAlA bhI huaa| isI prakAra vartamAna kAla va bhaviSyat kAla meM bhI usakI paryAyoM ke parivartana ke kAraNa hI pudgaladravya kI anityatA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai|23 paramANu ke bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva kI dRSTi se bhagavatIsUtra meM cAra bheda kiye haiM- 1. dravya paramANu, 2. kSetra paramANu, 3. kAla paramANu, 4. bhAva prmaannu| ukta cAroM dRSTiyoM se paramANu kA svarUpa vivecita karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA hai- dravya paramANu acchedya, abhedya, adAhya va agrAhya hai| kSetra paramANu anardha, amadhya, apradezI va avibhAgI hai| kAla paramANu avarNa, agaMdha, arasa aura asparza vAlA hai tathA bhAva paramANu varNa, gaMdha, rasa va sparzayukta hai|24 dravya kI ekatA va anekatA25 bhagavatIsUtra meM paraspara virodhI mAne jAne vAle do dharmoM- ekatA va anekatA ko apekSA bheda se eka hI dravya meM svIkAra kara anekAntazailI kA sundara udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jIvadravya meM ekatA va anekatA donoM kA pratipAdana karate hue graMtha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra somila brAhmaNa ko kahate haiM- 'somila! dravyadRSTi se maiM eka huuN| jJAna va darzana kI dRSTi se maiM akSaya hU~, avyaya hU~, avasthita huuN| badalate 180 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #207
rahane vAle upayoga kI dRSTi se maiM aneka huuN|' prajJApanAsUtra meM isI prakAra dravya meM ekatA va anekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dharmAstikAya dravyadRSTi se ekadravya hai isalie sarvastoka hai| pradeza kI dRSTi se asaMkhyAtaguNa bhI hai| isI prakAra adharmAstikAya, AkAza Adi ko dravyadRSTi se eka tathA pradezadRSTi se aneka mAnA hai| jIva va zarIra kA bhedAbheda jIva va zarIra ke saMbaMdha ke praznoM kA uttara bhI graMtha meM anekAntavAda kA Azraya lekara hI diyA hai| yathA- yaha zarIra AtmA bhI hai aura AtmA se bhinna anya (pudgala) bhI hai| zarIra rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhI hai| zarIra sacitta bhI hai aura acitta bhI hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke ukta kathana meM zarIra ko AtmA se abhinna mAnane ke kAraNa hI use arUpI va cetana mAnA hai tathA AtmA se bhinna mAnane ke kAraNa use rUpI va acetana rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| dravya va paryAya kA bheda-abheda dravya va paryAya eka dUsare se sarvathA bhinna haiM yA sarvathA abhinna? isa prazna para bhI bhagavatIsUtra meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke bIca hue vivAda meM kahA gayA hai- 'AtmA hI sAmAyika hai aura AtmA hI sAmAyika kA artha hai| AtmA dravya hai tathA sAmAyika usakI paryAya hai, kintu yahA~ dravya dRSTi ko pradhAnatA dete hue dravya va paryAya meM abhinnatA ko sthApita kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra jJAna va AtmA tathA darzana va AtmA kI abhinnatA ko svIkAra karake dravya va paryAya ke abhedavAda kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| kintu, dravya va paryAya ko graMtha meM sarvathA abhinna rUpa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ekAnta abheda mAna lene se to paryAya ke naSTa ho jAne para dravya bhI naSTa ho jaayegaa| ataH bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki asthira paryAya ke naSTa hone para bhI dravya sthira rahatA hai| punaH graMtha31 meM jahA~ paryAya dRSTi se AtmA ke ATha bheda kiye haiM vahA~ dravyAtmA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI bheda paryAyadRSTi se kiye gaye haiN| asti-nAsti kA anekAnta kucha darzana sarva asti va kucha sarva nAsti ke siddhAnta ko mAnate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sarva asti va sarva nAsti ina donoM siddhAntoM kI parIkSA karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai- hama asti ko nAsti nahIM kahate haiM, nAsti ko asti nahIM kahate haiM, hama jo asti hai, use asti kahate haiM, jo anekAntavAda, syAvAda evaM nayavAda 181

Page #208
nAsti hai use nAsti kahate haiM / prastuta graMtha meM anyatra asti va nAsti donoM ko hI pariNamanazIla svIkAra karate hue kahA hai- jaise astitva, astitva meM pariNata hotA hai usI prakAra nAstitva, nAstitva meM pariNata hotA hai / jo vastu sva dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se 'asti' hai vahI paradravya kSetra-kAlabhAva kI apekSA se 'nAsti' hai / jisa rUpa se vaha 'asti' hai, usI rUpa se 'nAsti' nahIM kintu, 'asti' hI hai aura jisa rUpa se vaha 'nAsti' hai usa rUpa se 'asti' nahIM, kintu 'nAsti' hI hai / kintu, vastu ko sarvathA 'asti' mAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai| 1 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavatIsUtra meM asti nAsti, nityAnitya, bhedAbheda, ekAneka, sAnta - ananta Adi ina virodhI dharma - yugaloM ko anekAntavAda ke Azraya se eka hI vastu meM ghaTAyA gayA hai / isI kA Azraya lekara bAda ke dArzanikoM ne tArkika DhaMga se darzanAntaroM ke khaNDanapUrvaka inhIM vAdoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya aura paryAya ke tathA jIva aura zarIra ke bhedAbheda kA anekAntavAda hai, to dArzanika vikAsa ke yuga meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa, dravya aura guNa, dravya aura karma, dravya aura jAti ityAdi aneka viSayoM meM bhedAbheda kI carcA aura samarthana huA hai| yadyapi bhedAbheda kA kSetra vikasita aura vistRta pratIta hotA hai, tathApi saba kA mUla dravya aura paryAya ke bhedAbheda meM hI hai, isa bAta ko bhUlanA nahIM cAhie / isI prakAra nityAnitya, ekAneka, asti - nAsti, sAnta - ananta ina dharma - yugaloM kA bhI samanvaya kSetra bhI kitanA hI vistRta va vikasita kyoM na huA ho, phira bhI ukta dharma - yugaloM ko lekara bhagavatIsUtra meM jo carcA huI hai, vahI mUlAdhAra hai aura usI ke AdhAra se sAre anekAntavAda kA mahAvRkSa pratiSThita hai, ise nizcayapUrvaka svIkAra karanA cAhie / syAdvAda anekAntavAda meM eka hI vastu meM do virodhI dharmoM ko samAna bhAva se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / parantu do virodhI dharmoM ko eka hI vastu meM svIkAra karanA kisI apekSA vizeSa se hI ho sakatA hai - isa bhAva ko sUcita karane ke lie vAkyoM meM 'syAt' zabda ke prayoga kI prathA huI hai| isI kAraNa anekAntavAda syAdvAda ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| isa dRSTi se anekAntavAda siddhAnta hai aura syAdvAda use prastuta karane kI zailI hai| 182 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #209
syAdvAda kA artha va paribhASA syAdvAda zabda syAt + vAda ina do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai| vAda kA artha hai- kathana yA pratipAdana / syAt vidhiliMga meM banA huA tiGapratirUpaka nipAta hai| vaha apane meM eka mahAna uddezya evaM vAcaka zakti ko chipAye hue hai| syAt ke vidhi-liMga meM vidhi, vicAra Adi aneka artha hote haiN| unameM 'anekAnta' artha yahA~ vivakSita hai| syAt zabda batalAtA hai ki vastu eka rUpa nahIM hai, kintu aneka rUpa hai| vastu meM satva ke sAtha hI asatva Adi aneka dharma rahate haiN| akalaMka kA kathana hai ki jahA~ kahIM syAt zabda kA prayoga dRSTigocara nahIM ho vahA~ bhI use anusyUta hI samajha lenA caahiye| syAdvAdadRSTi vividha apekSAoM se eka hI vastu meM nityatA-anityatA; sadRzatA-visadRzatA; vAcyatA-avAcyatA, sattA-asattA Adi paraspara viruddha se pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA avirodha pratipAdana karake unakA sundara evaM buddhisaMgata samanvaya prastuta karatI hai| syAdvAda va anekAntavAda jaina graMthoM meM kahI syAvAda zabda AyA hai to kahIM anekAntavAda zabda kA prayoga huA hai| prAyaH jaina darzanikoM ne ina donoM zabdoM kA eka hI artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| kyoMki donoM zabdoM ke pIche eka hI prayojana chipA hai; vastu kI anekAntAtmakatA ko pratipAdita krnaa| jaina darzana yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki pratyeka sat anantadharmAtmaka hai| isa anekAntAtmaka vastu ko bhASA dvArA pratipAdita karane vAlA siddhAnta syAdvAda kahalAtA hai| AcArya malliSeNa ne likhA hai ki syAdvAda anekAMta kA pratipAdana karatA hai - syAdityavyayamanekAntadyotakamaSTAsvapi - (syAdvAdamaMjarI, . 25 kI TIkA) anekAnta dRSTi jJAnarUpa hai| syAvAda vacanarUpa dRSTi hai| dUsare zabdoM meM syAdvAda zruta hai aura anekAnta vastugata tattva hai| anekAnta dRSTi dvArA virATa vastu ko isa prakAra jAnA jAtA hai jisameM vivakSita dharma ko jAnakara anya dharmoM ko gauNa kara diyA jAtA hai, jisase pUrI vastu kA mukhya-gauNa bhAva se sparza ho jAtA hai| phira usI zailI se vacana prayoga karanA, jisase vastutattva kA yathArtha pratipAdana ho; syAdvAda hai| syAdvAda bhASA kI vaha nirdoSa praNAlI hai, jo vastu tattva kA samyak pratipAdana karatI hai| anekAntAtmaka vastu kA kathana karane ke lie 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga karanA par3atA hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki anekAntAtmaka artha kA kathana syAdvAda hai| anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 183

Page #210
syAdvAda ko anekAntavAda bhI kahate haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'syAdvAda' se jisa padArtha kA kathana hotA hai vaha anekAntAtmaka hai| anekAntAtmaka artha kA kathana hI anekAntavAda' hai| syAt' yaha avyaya anekAnta kA dyotaka hai, isalie syAdvAda ko anekAntavAda kahate haiN| vastutaH syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda donoM eka hI haiN| syAdvAda meM syAt zabda kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| anekAntavAda meM anekAntadharma kI mukhyatA rahatI hai| syAt' zabda anekAnta kA dyotaka hai, anekAnta' ko abhivyakta karane ke lie 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai|37 saptabhaMgI bhaMga zabda kA artha hai- prakAra, vikalpa yA bhed| jisase padArthoM kA vibhAga hotA hai ve sAta prakAra ke hone se saptabhaMgI kahe jAte haiN| saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI meM sapta bhaMgoM ke samUha ko saptabhaMgI kahA hai| AcArya akalaMka ne saptabhaMgI kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki prazna samutpanna hone para eka vastu meM avirodha bhAva se jo eka dharma viSayaka vidhi aura niSedha kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, use saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| mahendramuni ne ise aura adhika spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki vizeSataH anekAnta kA prayojana pratyeka dharma apane pratipakSI dharma ke sAtha vastu meM rahatA hai yaha pratipAdita karanA hI hai| yoM to eka pudgala meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, halkA, bhArI, satva, ekatva Adi aneka dharma ginAye jA sakate haiN| parantu 'sat' asat kA avinAbhAvI hai aura 'eka' aneka kA avinAbhAvi hai, yaha sthApita karanA hI anekAnta kA mukhya lakSya hai| isI vizeSa hetu se pramANaavirodhI vidhipratiSedha kI kalpanA ko saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| sAta bhaMga bhaMga sAta hI kyoM mAne gaye haiM? isa prazna para jainAcAryoM ne gaharAI se cintana prastuta kiyA hai| isa prazna kA eka samAdhAna to yaha prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki vastu ke eka dharma sambandhI prazna sAta hI prakAra se ho sakate haiM, isalie bhaMga bhI sAta prakAra ke hote haiN| zaMkAe~ bhI sAta hI prakAra kI hotI haiM, isalie jijJAsAe~ bhI sAta prakAra kI hotI haiN| kisI bhI eka dharma ke viSaya meM sAta hI bhaMga hone se ise saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| gaNita ke niyama ke anusAra bhI tIna vastuoM ke apunarukta bhaMga sAta hI bana sakate haiN| __sAmAnya zabdoM meM ise hama isa prakAra spaSTa kara sakate haiM ki vastu cAhe anantadharmAtmaka hotI hai, kintu usake pratyeka dharma viSayaka prazna sAta prakAra ke hI 184 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #211
ho sakate haiM aura unakA uttara bhI sAta prakAra kA hotA hai| isa prakAra eka-eka dharma meM eka-eka saptabhaMgI siddha hotI hai| anaMtadharmAtmaka vastu kI apekSA se anantasaptabhaMgI ho sakatI hai| isa saptabhaMgI kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai| __1. syAdaasti, 2. syAdanAsti, 3. syAdasti-nAsti, 4. syAdavaktavya, 5. syAdasti-avaktavya, 6. syAdnAsti-avaktavya, 7. syaadasti-naastiavktvy| mUla meM asti, nAsti aura avaktavya ye tIna hI bhaMga haiN| inameM tIna asti-nAsti, asti-avaktavya, nAsti-avaktavya ye dvisaMyogI bhaMga tathA eka asti-nAsti-avaktavya trisaMyogI bhaMga milAne se sAta bhaMga banate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM syAdvAda jainAgamoM meM syAvAda zabda kA prayoga huA hai| pro. upAdhyAya ne isa bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai| isake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM unhoMne sUtrakRtAMga kI yaha gAthA prastuta kI hai no chAyae no vi ya lUsaejjA mANaM ya seveja pagAsaNaM c| na yAvi panne parihAsa kujA na yAsiyAvAya viyAgarejA (1.14.19) lekina grantha ke TIkAkAra yahA~ unase sahamata nahIM haiN| unhoMne na cAzIrvAda aisA saMskRta pratirUpa kiyA hai| AgamoM meM syAdvAda zabda ke prayoga ko lekara matabheda ho sakatA hai, kintu syAt zabda ke prayoga ko lekara matabheda kI koI guMjAiza nahIM hai kyoMki bhagavatIsUtra meM aneka sthAnoM para vastu ke nAnAdharmoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| udAharaNa dRSTavya hai; jIvA siya sAsatA, siya asAsatA - (7.2.36) jIva kathaMcit zAzvata haiM aura kathaMcit azAzvata haiN| paramANupoggale NaM bhaMte! kiM sAsae asAsae? goyamA! siya sAsae, siya asAsae - (14.4.8) bhagavan paramANu-pudgala zAzvata hai yA azAzvata? gautama! vaha kathaMcit zAzvata hai aura kathaMcit azAzvata hai| spaSTa hai ki prastuta graMtha meM syAt zabda ko 'siya' se vyakta kiyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai kthNcit| bhagavatIsUtra meM prayukta 'siya' zabda kA prayoga yaha siddha karatA hai ki AgamoM meM syAdvAda kA astitva thA, jise ki bAda ke AcAryoM ne vikasita kara eka siddhAnta kA rUpa diyaa| anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 185

Page #212
bhaMgoM kA svarUpa va krama jaina-paraMparA meM bhaMga sAta mAne gaye haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki saptabhaMgI kA yaha rUpa kisa prakAra vikasita huA hai| prAraMbha meM to vidhi, niSedha, ubhaya aura avaktavya (anubhaya) ina cAra bhaMgoM kI kalpanA hI huI thii| isake aneka udAharaNa prastuta graMtha meM milate haiM, jo yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki kisI vastu kA varNana pramukhatayA cAra vikalpoM ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai atthegaiyA jIvA AyAraMbhA vi, parAraMbhA vi, tadubhayAraMbhA vi, no annaarNbhaa| atthegaiyA jIvA no AyAraMbhA, no parAraMbhA, no tadubhayAraMbhA, aNAraMbhA - (1.1.7) arthAt kitane hI jIva AtmAraMbhI bhI haiM, parArambhI bhI haiM aura ubhayAraMbhI bhI haiM, kintu anAraMbhI nahIM haiN| kitane hI jIva AtmAraMbhI nahIM haiM, parAraMbhI nahIM haiM, aura na hI ubhayAraMbhI haiM, kintu anAraMbhI haiN| poggalatthikAe NaM bhaMte! kiM garue, lahue, garuyalahue, agaruyalahue? goyamA! No garue, no lahue, garuyalahue vi, agaruyalahue vi - (1.9.8) bhagavan! pudgalAstikAya kyA guru hai, laghu hai, gurulaghu hai athavA agurulaghu hai? gautama! pudgalAstikAya na guru hai, na laghu hai, kintu gurulaghu hai aura agurulaghu bhI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM ina cAra pakSoM kA samanvaya karane vAle ora bhI kaI udAharaNa milate haiN| ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki syAdvAda ke maulika bhaMga cAra haiN| 1. syAd sat (vidhi) 2. syAd asat (niSedha) 3. syAd sat syAd asat (vidhi-niSedha) 4. syAd avaktavya (anubhaya) avaktavya kA sthAna43 ina cAra bhaMgoM meM se antima bhaMga avaktavya hai, vaha do prakAra se ho sakatA hai; 1. prathama ke do bhaMgarUpa se vAcyatA kA niSedha krke| 2. prathama ke tInoM bhaMgarUpa se vAcyatA kA niSedha krke| 186 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #213
prathama do bhaMga rUpa se jaba vAcyatA kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai to avaktavya kA sthAna tIsarA hotA hai tathA prAraMbha ke tInoM bhaMga rUpa se vAcyatA kA niSedha karake jaba vastu ko avaktavya kahA jAtA hai, taba avaktavya kA sthAna bhaMgoM ke krama meM cauthA ho jAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM avaktavya ko tIsare sthAna para rakhA gayA hai| isI paraMparA kA anusaraNa karake Age AcArya umAsvAti siddhasena45 tathA jinabhadra Adi AcAryoM ne avaktavya ko tIsarA sthAna diyaa| AcArya samantabhadra ne avaktavya ko cauthA sthAna diyA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne paMcAstikAya meM cauthA tathA pravacanasAra' meM tIsarA sthAna mAnA hai| anya bhaMga-yojanA bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne cAra bhaMgoM ke atirikta anya bhaMgoM kI bhI yojanA kI hai| graMtha meM Aye udAharaNa na kevala AgamakAla meM bhaMgoM ke svarUpa ko hI spaSTa karate haiM apitu AgamottarakAlIna jaina dArzanikoM ne sAta bhaMgoM ko hI svIkAra kiyA, isake mUla ko bhI spaSTa karate haiN| tIna bhaMgoM kI yojanA kA yaha udAharaNa dRSTavya hai- goyamA! rayaNappabhA puDhavI 1 siya AyA, 2 sie no AyA, 3 siya avattavvaM-AyA ti ya, no AyA ti ya - (12.10.19) arthAt 1 ratnaprabhA pRthvI syAt AtmarUpa hai, 2 syAt no-AtmarUpa hai, 3 syAt AtmA hai bhI aura AtmA nahIM bhI hai ataH avaktavya hai| ukta udAharaNa meM asti, nAsti tathA avaktavya ina tIna bhaMgoM kI yojanA pratipAdita huI hai| isI prakAra sabhI pRthviyoM, sabhI devalokoM, siddha, paramANupudgala Adi ke sambandha meM kiye gaye prazrottaroM meM ina tInoM bhaMgoM kA pratipAdana hai| dvipradezIskaMdha ke saMbaMdha meM kiye gaye prazna ke uttara meM cha: bhaMgoM kI yojanA isa prakAra prastuta kI gaI hai- goyamA! 1 dupaesie khaMdhe siya AyA, 2 siya no AyA, 3 siya avattavvaM-AyA ti ya no AyA ti ya, 4 siya AyA ya no AyA ya, 5 siya AyA ya avattavvaM-AyA ti ya no AyA ti ya, 6 siya no AyA ya avattavvaM-AyA ti ya no AyA ti ya - (12.10.28) arthAt gautama! 1 dvipradezI skandha syAt AtmA hai, 2 syAt noAtmA hai, 3 syAt AtmarUpa va noAtmarUpa hone se avaktavya hai| 4 syAt AtmarUpa aura noAtmarUpa hai, 5 syAt AtmarUpa va AtmarUpa aura noAtmarUpa donoM hone se avaktavya hai, 6 syAt noAtmarUpa va avaktavya hai| ---- anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 187

Page #214
isa praznottara meM asti, nAsti, avaktavya, asti - nAsti, asti - avaktavya, nAsti - avaktavya ina chaH bhaMgoM kI yojanA parilakSita hotI hai / tripradezIskandha ke saMbaMdha meM prazna kiye jAne para graMtha meM teraha bhaMgoM kI yojanA prastuta kI gaI hai - goyamA ! 1 tipaesie khaMdhe sie AyA, 2 siya no AyA, 3 siya avattavvaM - AyA ti ya no AyA ti ya, 4 siya AyA ya no AyA ya, 5 siya AyA ya no AyAo ya, 6 siya AyAo ya no AyA ya, 7 siya AyA ya avattavvaM - AyA ti ya no AyA ti ya, 8 siya AyA ya avattavvAiMAyAo ya no AyAo ya, 9 siya AyAo ya avattavvaM AyA ti ya no AyAti ya, 10 siya no AyA ya avattavvaM - AyA ti ya no AyA ti ya, 11 siya no AyA ya avattavvAiM AyAo ya no AyAo ya, 12 siya no AyAo ya avattavvaM AyA ti ya no AyA ti ya, 13 siya AyA ya no AyA ya avattavvaM-AyA ti ya no AyA ti ya / ( 12.10.29 ) arthAt he gautama ! 1 tripradezIskandha syAt AtmarUpa hai / 2 syAt noAtmarUpa hai| 3 syAt AtmarUpa va noAtmarUpa hone se avaktavya hai / 4 syAt AtmarUpa aura syAt noAtmarUpa hai| 5 syAt AtmarUpa va aneka noAtmarUpa hai| 6 syAt aneka AtmarUpa hai va noAtmarUpa hai| 7 syAt AtmarUpa va avaktavya hai / 8 syAt AtmarUpa aura aneka AtmarUpa va aneka noAtmarUpa hone se avaktavya hai / 9 syAt aneka AtmarUpa va avaktavya hai / 10 syAt noAtmarUpa aura avaktavya hai| 11 syAt noAtmarUpa aura aneka AtmarUpa va aneka no AtmarUpa hone se avaktavya hai| 12 syAt aneka noAtmarUpa tathA avaktavya hai / 13 syAt AtmarUpa, noAtmarUpa va avaktavya hai| uparyukta vivecana meM graMtha meM teraha bhaMgoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai, kintu vAstava meM dekhA jAya to yahA~ mUla bhaMga - yojanA sAta hI hai - 1. asti, 2. nAsti, 3. avaktavya, 4. asti-nAsti 5. asti- avaktavya, 6. nAsti - avaktavya, 7. astinAsti avaktavya / inhIM sAta mUla bhaMgoM ko Age ke AcAryoM ne apane saptabhaMgI vivecana meM sthAna diyA hai / ina teraha bhaMgoM meM zeSa chaH bhaMga eka-vacana va bahuvacana kI vivakSA ke kAraNa haiM / yadi vacanabheda kI vivakSA se prastuta kiye gaye 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 tathA 12veM bhaMga ko nikAla diyA jAya to mUla bhaMga sAta zeSa raha jAyeMge / isake atirikta graMtha meM catuSpradezI skandha ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karane para 19 bhaMgoM kI yojanA, paMcapradezI skaMdha ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karane para 22 bhaMgoM kI yojanA tathA bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 188

Page #215
SaTpradezika skandha ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karane para 23 bhaMgoM kI yojanA bhI prastuta kI gaI hai| ina sabhI ke mUla meM bhI sAta hI bhaMga haiM, zeSa sabhI bheda ekavacana va bahuvacana kI apekSA se kiye gaye haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM prastuta kiye gaye ukta udAharaNa isa bAta ko pUrNarUpa se pratipAdita karate haiM ki sabhI virodhI dharma-yugaloM ko lekara sAta hI bhaMga ho sakate haiN| isase adhika bhaMgoM kI jo saMkhyA sUcita kI gaI hai vaha maulika bhaMgoM ke bheda ke kAraNa nahIM hai, sirpha vacana kI apekSA mAtra se hai| ataH yaha svIkAra karane meM koI saMdeha nahIM ki bhagavatIsUtra meM saptabhaMgI kA mUla rUpa surakSita hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM pratipAdita bhaMga yojanA ke bhinna-bhinna udAharaNoM se nimna niSkarSa phalita hote haiM- (1) syAdvAda ke bhinna-bhinna bhaMgoM ke utthAna meM vastu ke vidhirUpa aura niSedharUpa inhIM donoM virodhI dharma yugaloM kI svIkRti apekSita hai| (2) ukta donoM bhaMgoM se zeSa sabhI bhaMgoM kI racanA ke lie apekSA kAraNa avazya honA caahiye| (3) bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM kI sUcanA ke lie pratyeka bhaMgavAkya meM 'syAt' aisA pada rakhA jAnA caahiye| isI se yaha vAda syAdvAda kahalAtA hai| (4) mUla bhaMga sAta haiN| zeSa bhaMga inhIM sAta bhaMgoM kI eka vacana athavA bahuvacana se vivakSA ke kAraNa hai| (5) sakalAdeza va vikalAdeza kI kalpanA bhI bhagavatIsUtra kI saptabhaMgI meM vidyamAna thii| prAraMbha ke tIna bhaMga sakalAdezI bhaMga haiM tathA zeSa bhaMga vikalAdezI haiN| nayavAda 'naya' jaina darzana kI eka viziSTa avadhAraNA hai, anya kisI darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hai| jaina paraMparA arhatvANI ke udbhava ke sAtha-sAtha hI naya kA udabhava mAnatI hai| nayavAda vastu ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie vibhinna ekAMgI dRSTiyoM kA sundara samanvaya kara sarvAMgINa dRSTi ko prastuta karatA hai| prAyaH jitane bhI darzana haiM, ve apanA eka viziSTa pakSa prastuta karate hue vipakSa kA nirAsana karate haiN| lekina jaina-darzana ne una sabhI darzanoM kA avalokana kara unheM samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA aura yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki nAnA manuSyoM ke vastudarzana meM jo bheda ho jAtA hai, usakA kAraNa kevala vastu kI anekarUpatA yA anantadharmAtmakatA hI nahIM hai apitu manuSyoM kA apanA dRSTibheda bhI hai| ataH jaina-darzana ne kisI mata kA nirAsana na karate hue sabhI matoM va darzanoM ko vasturUpa ke darzana meM yogya sthAna diyA hai| pratyeka mata meM se kadAgraha ke viSa ko nikAlakara usa mata meM saccAI ko anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 189

Page #216
pratipAdita karane vAle kAraNa kI khoja kara usa mata ke samarthana meM usa kAraNa ko prastuta kara nayavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| naya kI paribhASA jJAtA ke abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiM, jo pramANa dvArA jAnI gaI vastu ke eka deza ko sparza karatA hai| vastutaH pramANa vastu ke pUrNa rUpa ko grahaNa karatA hai tathA naya pramANa dvArA gRhIta vastu ke eka aMza ko jAnatA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA meM naya kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai- syAdvAda pravibhaktArthavizeSa vyaJjako nayaH - (106) arthAt syAdvAda ke dvArA gRhIta artha ke vizeSoM arthAt dharmoM kA jo alaga-alaga kathana karatA hai, use naya kahate haiN| pramANa ko sakalAdezI va naya ko vikalAdezI kahA gayA hai| pramANa ke dvArA jAnI gaI vastu ko zabda kI taraMgoM se abhivyakta karane ke lie jo jJAna kA rUjhAna hai vaha naya hai| naya pramANa se utpanna hotA hai, ataH pramANAtmaka hokara bhI aMzagrAhI hone ke kAraNa pUrNa pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| naya pramANarUpIsAgara kA vaha aMza hai, jise jJAtA ne apane abhiprAya ke pAtra meM bhara liyA hai| vAstava meM anekadharmAtmaka vastu ko jAnane ke lie nayavAda kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai| sApekSatA kA mUla AdhAra nayavAda hI hai| naya ke prakAra AcArya siddhasena ke anusAra vacana ke jitane bhI prakAra yA mArga ho sakate haiM, naya ke bhI utane hI bheda haiN| naya ke jitane bheda haiM, utane hI mata haiN| isa dRSTi se naya ke ananta prakAra ho sakate haiN| kintu, jaina-darzana meM zvetAmbara va digambara paraMparA ke graMthoM meM nayoM kI saMkhyA mukhya rUpa se sAta mAnI gaI hai; sthAnAMgasUtra, anuyogadvAra, rAjavArtika Adi graMthoM meM nimna sAta nayoM kA ullekha huA hai| 1. naigama, 2. saMgraha, 3. vyavahAra, 4. RjusUtra, 5. zabda, 6. samabhirUr3ha, 7. evNbhuut| ina sAtoM nayoM meM zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta naya zabda ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa zabdanaya haiM tathA naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra va RjusUtra artha ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa arthanaya haiN| AcArya siddhasena7 ne naigamanaya ko svataMtra na mAnakara naya ke chaH bheda mAne haiN| AcArya umAsvAti ne mUlarUpa se naya ke pA~ca hI bheda svIkAra kiye haiM- naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra aura shbd| 190 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #217
bhagavatIsUtra meM naya vivecana bhagavatIsUtra jaina tattvavidyA kA Akara graMtha hai| graMtha meM tattvavidyA ke praznoM ke samAdhAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA anekAntadRSTi kA prayoga kiyA gayA aura anekAntadRSTi kA mUla AdhAra nayavAda hI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhagavaI59 khaNDa-1 kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai ki prastuta Agama meM tattvavidyA kA prAraMbha 'calamANe calie' isa prazna se hotA hai| jaina darzana meM pratyeka tattva kA pratipAdana anekAnta kI dRSTi se hotA hai| ekAnta dRSTi ke anusAra calamAna aura calita donoM eka kSaNa meM nahIM ho skte| anekAnta kI dRSTi ke anusAra calamAna aura calita donoM eka kSaNa meM hote haiN| samUce Agama meM anekAnta dRSTi kA pUrA upayoga kiyA gayA hai anekAnta kA svarUpa hai nayavAda yA dRssttivaad| madhya yuga meM tarkapradhAna AcAryoM ne anekAnta kA pramANa ke sAtha saMbaMdha sthApita kiyA hai, vaha maulika nahIM hai| anekAntavAda ke anusAra pramANa aupacArika hai, vAstavika hai ny| isa kathana se nayoM kA mahattva ujAgara hotA hai| naya kA udgama / vartamAna meM jaina paraMparA meM naya kA jo rUpa hai, usakA prAraMbhika svarUpa kaisA rahA hogA? nayoM kA udbhava kahA~ se huA? ina praznoM kA uttara khojane para hameM do paraMparAe~ prApta hotI haiM, jo samakAlIna hI pratIta hotI haiN| prathama paraMparA bhagavatIsUtra meM milatI hai, jahA~ naya ke mukhya rUpa se dravyArthika va bhAvArthika ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| yahA~ bhAvArthika naya se tAtparya paryAyArthika naya se hI hai| dUsarI paramparA kaSAyapAhuDa cUrNi61 nAmaka graMtha meM upalabdha hotI hai| yahA~ naya ke pA~ca bhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai- naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra va zabda ny| ina donoM paraMparAoM meM se bhagavatIsUtra meM ullekhita paraMparA hI adhika prAcIna siddha hotI hai kyoMki bAda ke digambara va zvetAmbara jainAcAryoM ne jo graMtha likhe unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se dvitIya paramparA ke pA~coM nayoM kA samAveza prathama paramparA ke do nayoM meM kiyA hai| unakA yaha vivecana spaSTa karatA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM vivecita naya kA svarUpa nayavAda kA udgama sthala rahA hai| yaha vivecana naya ke prAcIna svarUpa ko hI spaSTa karatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke adhyayana se dUsarI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI yaha prApta hotI hai ki isameM naya kI na to koI vyavasthita paribhASA dI gaI hai na hI paravartI graMthoM meM prApta anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 191

Page #218
sAta nayoM kA ullekha isa graMtha meM kahIM huA hai / ye sabhI isa bAta kA pramANa haiM isa kAla meM anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke svarUpa ko vivecita karane ke lie naya kA udbhava hotA dikha rahA thA / naya kA svarUpa bhagavatIsUtra meM sAta nayoM kA ullekha usa rUpa meM nahIM prApta hotA hai, jaisA Aja jaina-paramparA meM pracalita hai / tathApi nayavAda ke vartamAna rUpa ke mUla svarUpa ko samajhane meM yaha graMtha kAphI sahAyaka hai / yahA~ nayavAda ke bIja maujUda haiN| nayavAda kA jo svarUpa isameM varNita hai use nimna binduoM se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva eka hI vastu meM aneka dharma pAye jAte haiN| sAtha hI dRSTA kI ruci aura zakti, darzana kA sAdhana, dRzya kI dezika aura kAlika sthiti, dRzya kA sthUla aura sUkSmarUpa Adi aneka kAraNa haiM, jinase eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM aneka matoM kI sRSTi hotI hai / inakI gaNanA bhI asaMbhava hai aura jaba ina matoM kI gaNanA asaMbhava hai to ina matoM ke utthAnabhUta nayoM kI gaNanA kI to kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| I isa asaMbhava ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sabhI prakAra kI apekSAoM kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa karate hue unakA cAra prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyAdravya, kSetra, kAla va bhaav| isI ke AdhAra para pratyeka vastu ke bhI cAra prakAra ho jAte haiN| arthAt dRSTA ke pAsa cAra dRSTiyA~, apekSAe~, Adeza haiM, aura vaha inhIM ke AdhAra para vastudarzana karatA hai / kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vastu kA jo kucha rUpa ho, vaha ina cAroM meM se kisI eka meM avazya samAviSTa ho jAtA hai aura dRSTA jisa kisI dRSTi se vastudarzana karatA hai, usakI vaha dRSTi bhI inhIM cAroM meM se kisI eka ke antargata ho jAtI hai 164 bhagavatIsUtra meM aise kaI udAharaNa prApta hote haiM, jahA~ aneka virodhoM kA parihAra ina cAra dRSTiyoM aura vastu ke ina cAra rUpoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| loka kI sAntatA va anantatA, jIva kI sAntatA va anantatA, jIva kI nityAnityatA, paramANu kI zAzvatatA - azAzvatatA, caramatA - acaramatA Adi aneka virodhoM kA parihAra karane ke lie graMtha meM dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva ina cAroM dRSTiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 65 graMtha meM aise bhI kaI udAharaNa milate haiM jahA~ dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 192

Page #219
bhAva kI dRSTi se vastu ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM / " yathA - paramANu cAra prakAra batAyA gayA hai; dravya paramANu, kSetra paramANu, kAla paramANu va bhAva prmaannu| isI prakAra loka ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM; dravyaloka, kSetraloka, kAlaloka va bhAvaloka / bhagavatIsUtra meM kahIM-kahIM vastu ke svarUpa varNana meM cAra se adhika dRSTiyoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| loka ke AdhArabhUta dravyoM- jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma va AkAza ke svarUpa ke varNana meM dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva ke sAtha-sAtha guNa ko bhI samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| 7 isI prakAra tulyatA para vicAra karate samaya dravya, kSetra, kAla va bhAva ke sAtha bhava tathA saMsthAna ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| 68 1 vastutaH mukhya rUpa se to dRSTiyA~ cAra hI haiM, cAra se adhika dRSTiyoM ko batAte samaya bhAva ke avAntara bhedoM ko hI bhAva se pRthak karake svataMtra sthAna diyA gayA hai| dharmAstikAyAdi dravyoM ko jaba dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva va guNa dRSTi se pA~ca prakAra kA batAyA taba bhAva vizeSa dRSTi ko guNa ke rUpa meM pRthak sthAna diyA hai, yaha spaSTa hai| kyoMki guNa vastutaH bhAva arthAt paryAya hI hai / isI prakAra karaNa ke pA~ca prakAra dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava va bhAva batAye haiM taba vahA~ bhI prayojanavazAt bhAva-vizeSa bhava ko pRthak sthAna diyA gayA hai aura isI taraha tulyatA kA vicAra karate samaya bhAva vizeSa bhava tathA saMsthAna ko svataMtra sthAna diyA gayA hai| ataH madhyama mArga se cAra dRSTiyA~ hI graMtha meM mukhya rUpa se vivecita huI haiN| dravyArthika-paryAyArthika" bhagavatIsUtra meM prAyaH vastusvarUpa ke varNana meM cAra dRSTiyoM kA prayoga huA hai, kintu graMtha meM anyatra ina cAroM dRSTiyoM kA samAveza do nayoM meM kiyA gayA hai| dravyArthikanaya va bhAvArthikanaya (paryAyArthika naya) / graMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki dravya kI dRSTi se jIva zAzvata hai va bhAva (paryAya) dRSTi se jIva azAzvata hai| paramANu kI zAzvatatA va azAzvatatA ke vivecana meM dravya va paryAya dRSTi kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / spaSTa hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM paryAyArthika naya ke lie bhAva va paryAya donoM zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vastutaH dekhA jAya, to kAla aura deza (kSetra) ke bheda se dravyoM meM vizeSatAe~ avazya hotI haiM / ataeva kAla aura kSetra, paryAyoM ke kAraNa hone se, yadi paryAyoM meM samAviSTa kara lie jAe taba to mUlata: do hI dRSTiyA~ raha jAtI haiMdravyArthika aura paryAyArthika / AcArya siddhasena ne isa bAta ko iMgita karate hue kahA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pravacana meM vastuta: ye hI mUla do dRSTiyA~ haiM, zeSa sabhI dRSTiyA~ inhIM do kI zAkhAe~ - prazAkhAe~ haiM / anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 193

Page #220
yadyapi Age calakara jainAgamoM meM mUla nayoM kI saMkhyA sAta mAnI gaI hai| naigama aadi| lekina apanI vyApakatA ke kAraNa ye donoM dRSTiyA~ sAtoM mUla nayoM ko apane meM samAhita kiye hue haiN| dravyArthika dRSTi vastu kI nityatA kA pratipAdana karatI hai tathA paryAyArthika dRSTi vastu kI anityatA kA pratipAdana karatI hai| nAraka jIvoM kI nityatA va anityatA ko prastuta karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA haiavyucchittinaya (dravyArthika naya) kI apekSA se nAraka zAzvata hai aura vyacchittinaya kI apekSA se nAraka azAzvata hai|2. bhagavatIsUtra meM dravyArthika va paryAyArthika naya ke svarUpa ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue dravya dRSTi ko abhedagAmI va paryAyArthika dRSTi ko bhedagAmI batAyA gayA hai| somila brAhmaNa ke sAtha hue prazrottara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai'dravyadRSTi se maiM eka hU~ va jJAna-darzana kI dRSTi se maiM anekabhUta-bhAva-bhAvika bhI huuN|"3 spaSTa hai ki dravyadRSTi nitya va ekatvagAmI hai| kyoMki nitya ekarUpa hotA hai tathA paryAyadRSTi anitya va anekatvagAmI hai| isa prakAra dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika kA kSetra itanA vyApaka hai ki usameM sabhI dRSTiyoM kA samAveza sahaja rIti se ho jAtA hai| dravyArthika-pradezArthika bhagavatIsUtra meM dravya va paryAya dRSTi ke sAtha-sAtha vastu svarUpa ke varNana meM dravya va pradeza dRSTi kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dravyadRSTi se jo vastu eka ho sakatI hai, vahI vastu pradezoM kI dRSTi se aneka bhI ho sakatI hai| kyoMki usameM rahe hue pradezoM kI saMkhyA aneka hotI hai| pradeza va paryAya meM antara spaSTa karate hue mAlavaNiyA jI ne likhA hai ki eka hI dravya kI nAnA avasthAoM ko yA eka hI dravya ke dezakAla kRta nAnA rUpoM ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai| jabaki dravya ke ghaTaka arthAt avayava hI pradeza kahe jAte haiN| kucha dravyoM ke pradeza niyata hote haiM jaisejIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza ke pradeza niyata haiM, ve ghaTate-bar3hate nahIM haiM jabaki pudgala ke pradeza meM nyUna-adhikatA rahatI hai, ve ghaTate-bar3hate haiN| somila brAhmaNa ke sAtha hue praznottara meM dravya, paryAya, pradeza va guNa dRSTi dvArA virodha parihAra kA sundara udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| paryAya dRSTi se bhinna pradeza dRSTi ko svIkAra karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM ko Atma-pradezoM kI apekSA se akSaya, avyaya va avasthita rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yahA~ pradeza dRSTi kA upayoga jIva ke akSayAdi dharmoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai kyoMki AtmA ke pradeza 194 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #221
niyata hote haiN| pradeza dRSTi se vastu kI anekatA ko bhI spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai, isakA udAharaNa hameM prajJApanAsUtra meM milatA hai, jahA~ dravya dRSTi se dharmAstikAya ko eka batAyA hai tathA pradezArthika dRSTi se asaMkhyAtaguNa batAyA hai| 1 bhagavatIsUtra" meM dharmAstikAyAdi chaH dravyoM ke alpa - bahutva, tulya- atulya kA bhI ullekha huA hai, kintu isakA vistRta rUpa se vivecana na karate hue prajJApanAsUtra ke bahuvaktavya pada ke anusAra samajhane ke lie kahA gayA hai| prajJApanAsUtra 78 meM isakA vivecana isa prakAra milatA hai- jo dravya dravyadRSTi se tulya hote haiM, ve hI pradezArthika dRSTi se atulya ho jAte haiM / jaise dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravyadRSTi se eka-eka hone ke kAraNa tulya haiM, kintu asaMkhyAta pradezI hone ke kAraNa dharma-adharma Apasa meM to tulya haiM, kintu AkAza ananta pradezI hai ataH AkAza atulya hai / isI prakAra jIvAdi anya dravyoM meM bhI dravya va pradeza dRSTiyoM ke mAdhyama se tulyatA- atulyatA donoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / oghAdeza - vidhAnAdeza vastu kI saMkhyA tathA bheda - abheda para vicAra karane ke lie oghAdeza va vidhAnAdeza ina do dRSTiyoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| jaina paraMparA meM tiryagsAmAnya aura usake vizeSoM ko vyakta karane ke lie kramazaH ogha va vidhAna zabda prayukta hue haiN| ataH vastu svabhAva kA varNana ina do dRSTiyoM ke prayoga dvArA bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kRtayugmAdi saMkhyA ke vicAra meM oghAdeza va vidhAnAdeza dRSTiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai; jIvAM NaM bhaMte! davvaTTayAe kiM kaDajumme0 pucchA / goyamA ! oghAdeseNaM kaDajummA, no teyogA, no dAvara0, no kaliyogA; vihANAdeseNaM no kaDajummA, no teyogA, no 'dAvarajummA, kaliyogA - (25.4.31) bhagavan! (aneka) jIva dravyArtharUpa se kRtayugma hai ? ityAdi prazna | gautama! ve oghAdeza se ( sAmAnyataH ) kRtayugma haiM, kintu tryoja, dvAparayugma yA kalyojarUpa nahIM haiN| vidhAnAdeza (pratyeka kI apekSA) se ve kRtayugma, tryoja tathA dvAparayugma nahIM haiM, kintu kalyojarUpa haiM / vyAvahArika va naizcayika naya vastu ke mUla evaM para-nirapekSa svarUpa ko batalAtA hai vaha nizcayanaya hai aura jo naya vastu ke parAzrita svarUpa ko batAtA hai vaha vyavahAra naya hai / arthAt anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 195

Page #222
vastu ke pAramArthika-tAttvika-zuddha svarUpa kA grahaNa nizcayanaya se hotA hai aura azuddha-apAramArthika svarUpa kA grahaNa vyavahAra naya se hotA hai| apane-apane kSetra meM ye donoM naya satya haiM kyoMki vyavahAra meM loka indriyoM ke darzana kI pradhAnatA se vastu ke sthUla rUpa kA nirNaya karate haiM, aura apanA nirbAdha vyavahAra calAte haiM parantu isa sthUla rUpa ke atirikta vastu kA sUkSmarUpa bhI hai, jo indriyagamya nahIM hai kevala prajJAgamya hai| yahI nizcaya naya hai| ina donoM nayoM ke dvArA hI vastu kA sampUrNa darzana hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM vastu ke svarUpa pratipAdana meM donoM nayoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| phANita (pravAhI) guDa ke svarUpa ko donoM nayoM se samajhAte hue kahA hai ki vyAvahArika naya se to gur3a madhura hI hai, kintu naizcayika naya kI apekSA se vaha pA~ca varNa, do gaMdha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparzoM se yukta hai| isI prakAra bhramara, tote kI pA~kha, rAkha Adi vastuoM ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa vyAvahArika va naizcayika nayoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita vibhinna prakAra ke nayoM ke prAraMbhika svarUpa ko samajhakara hI hama inake vikasita svarUpa (sAta nayoM) ko samajha sakate haiN| nayoM ke sahI prayoga dvArA hI jaina-darzana ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta anekAntavAda ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| paravartI jainAcAryoM ne inhIM ke mAdhyama se tattvavijJAna, AcAravijJAna Adi se saMbaMdhita aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai| saMdarbha 1. (ka) ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti - Rgveda, 1.164.46, (kha) vahI, 10.129 2. majjhimanikAya, sutta, 99 3. jaina, ramezacandra - anekAnta evaM syAdvAd vimarza 4. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha - Agamayuga kA jaina darzana , pR. 51-52 vyA. sU., 16.6.20-21 6. Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 53 mehatA, mohanalAla - jaina dharma-darzana , pR. 335-336 vyA. sU.,7.2.1 9. vahI, 12.2 10. sanmati prakaraNa, prastAvanA, pR. 84 11. AtmakhyAti TIkA, 10.247 12. sUtrakRtAMga, muni madhukara, 1.14.22, pR. 435 13. Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 54 5. 196 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #223
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. vahI, pR. 58 vyA. sU. 2.1.24, 9,33,101 vahI, 2.1.24 vahI, 7.3.23 vahI, 9.33.101, 1.4.11 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 72 vyA. sU., 2.1.24 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana, vyA. sU., 1.4.7-10 vahI, 14.4.1-4 vahI, 20.5.15-19 vahI, 18.10.27 pR. 73 prajJApanAsUtra, pada 3, sUtra 56 vahI, 13.7.15-18 4 'AyA sAmAie AyA sAmAiyassa aTThe' - vahI, 1.9.21 vahI, 12.10.10, 16 vahI, 1.9.28 vahI, 12.10.1 vahI, 7.10.6 atthittaM atthite pariNamai, natthittaM natthitte pariNamati vahI, 1.3.7 AptamImAMsA (tatva dIpikA), pR. 326, 327 'so'prayukto'pi sarvatra syAtkAro'rthAtpratIyate' - laghIyastraya, tRtIya pravacana praveza, loka 63, pR. 22 'anekAntAtmakArthakathanaM syAdvAd...' - vahI, loka 62, pR. 21 mehatA, mohanalAla, jaina dharma-darzana, pR. 359 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. jaina darzana, pR. 374 41. jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR. 254 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 92-93 42. 43. vahI, pR. 99-100 tattvArthabhASya, 5.3 44. 45. sanmatiprakaraNa, 1.36 46. 47. saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI, pR. 1 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.6 pR. 32 -- vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 2232 AptamImAMsA sampA. chAbar3A jayacanda, 16, pR. 25 anekAntavAda, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda 197

Page #224
55. 48. paMcAstikAya, gA. 14 49. pravacanasAra, jJeyatattvAdhikAra, gA. 115 50. Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 112-114 51. 'nayo jJAturabhipAyaH' - laghIyastraya, tRtIya pravacana praveza, zrI. 52, pR. 18 jaina, mahendra kumAra- jaina darzana, pR. 333 53. 'jAvaiyA vayaNavahA tAvaiyA ceva hunti NayavAyA' - sanmatiprakaraNa, 3.47 54. sthAnAMgasUtra, sampA. muni madhukara, 7.38, pR. 582 anuyogadvAra, 156 56. rAjavArtika, 1.33, pR. 94 57. sanmatiprakaraNa, nayaprakaraNa (prathama kAMDa) 58. tattvArthasUtra, 1.34 59. bhagavaI (khaNDa-1), sampA. AcArya mahAprajJa, prastAvanA, pR. 16 60. vyA. sU., 7.2.36 61. kaSAyapAhuDa cUrNi, sampA. jaina hIrAlAla, nikSepasUtra, 24-26, pR. 17 62. sarvArthasiddhi, AcArya pUjyapAda, 1.33.241, pR. 100 jaina tarka bhASA, naya pariccheda, yazovijaya 64. Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 115-116 vyA. sU., 2.1.24, 9.33.101, 5.8.5, 14.4.9 vahI, 20.5.15, 2.1.24 vahI, 2.10.2-6 68. 'chavvihe tullae paNNatte, taM jahA davvatullae khettatullae kAlatullae bhavatullae bhAvatullae saMThANatullae - vahI, 14.7.4 69. vyA. sU.7.2.36, 14.4.8 sanmatiprakaraNa, prathama kANDa, 1.3, pR. 2 aNuyogadvArAI, sampA. AcArya mahAprajJa, 13.715, pR. 376 vyA. sU.7.3.23 vahI, 18.10.27 Agama-yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 118 75. vahI, pR. 119 76. vyA. sU. 18.10.27 77. vyA. sU. 25.4.17 78. prajJApanAsUtra, tRtIya pada, sUtra, 270-272 79. vyA. sU., 18.6.1-5 65. vyA 71. 73. 198 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #225
mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~

Page #226
mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ bhagavatIsUtra mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita jaina-dharma darzana kA graMtha hai, kintu prasaMgavaza isameM gautama gaNadhara evaM anya ziSyoM dvArA kiye gaye praznoM ke uttara pradAna karane meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anya dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke viSaya meM bhI prarUpaNA kI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kAla dharma-darzana kI dRSTi se atyanta samRddha thaa| aneka matamatAntara pracalita the| sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIrakAlIna tIna sau taresaTha dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vastutaH sabhI darzana apane-apane DhaMga se AtmA tathA jagata kI vyAkhyA karane meM juTe the| cUMki usa samaya sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA kA abhAva thA ataH dArzanika satya kI prApti hetu paraspara saMvAda evaM zAstrArtha karate the| bhagavatIsUtra meM aneka sthAnoM para mahAvIra evaM unakI paraMparA ke anya zramaNoM ke sAtha pArzva paraMparA ke sthavira, maMkhali gozAlaka, skandaka parivrAjaka, jamAli Adi ke prazrottara evaM saMvAda parilakSita hote haiN| ina saMdarbho meM mahAvIretara dArzanika paraMparAoM ke viSaya meM sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai| inhIM prasaMgoM ke AdhAra para mahAvIretara dArzanika paraMparAoM kA saMkSipta vivecana yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA ina mAnyatAoM kA vivecana isa dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki vyakti mahAvIra-darzana se bhinna dhAraNAoM ko samajheM phira viveka ke Aloka meM sahI galata kA nirNaya kre| isase mahAvIra darzana ke prati usakI AsthA dRr3ha hogI aura anya mithyA mAnyatAoM se vaha mukta bhI ho skegaa| pArthApatyIya prastuta Agama meM teIsaveM aitihAsika tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanArtha ke cAturyAma dharma va unake anuyAyiyoM kA ullekha huA hai| graMtha ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM pArzvaparaMparA ke saiMkar3oM zramaNa maujUda the| bhagavatIsUtra' ke dUsare zataka meM yaha ullekha hai ki pArthApatyIya sthavira pA~ca sau anagAroM ke sAtha tuMgikA nagarI meM pdhaare| tuMgikA nagarI ke zramaNopAsakoM ne unase 200 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #227
vibhinna prazna puuche| sthaviroM dvArA unakA samAdhAna kiyA gyaa| uttarAdhyayana meM bhagavAna pArzva ko cAturyAma dharma kA saMsthApaka tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra ko paMca mahAvratarUpa dharma kA praNetA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| cAturyAma dharma se tAtparya hai cAra mahAvrata vAlA vaha dharma jise mahAmuni pArzva ne btaayaa| ye cAra mahAvrata isa prakAra haiM- 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. caurya tyAga, 4. bahiddhA-dAnatyAga (yahA~ aparigraha ke sthAna para bahiddhA-dAnatyAga zabda kA prayoga huA hai)| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne brahmacarya mahAvrata ko parigraha tyAga meM hI samAviSTa kara diyA thA, kyoMki unhoMne maithuna ko parigraha ke aMtargata hI mAnA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya taka bahiddhAdAnatyAga mahAvrata ke saMbaMdha meM kucha mithyA mAnyatAe~ va kutarka pracalita ho gye| inake nirAkaraNa ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne brahmacarya ko caturtha mahAvrata ke rUpa meM pRthak sthAna diyA aura paMca mahAvratAtmaka dharma isa prakAra batAyA 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. acaurya, 4. brahmacarya, 5. aparigraha bhagavatIsUtra meM ullekha huA hai ki pArthApatyIya anagAra kAlAsyaveSi putra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sthavira bhagavaMtoM ke sAtha sAmAyika, pratyAkhyAna, saMyama, saMvara, viveka, vyutsarga Adi ke viSaya meM apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karate haiN| aMta meM unase prabhAvita hokara cAturyAma dharma ke sthAna para paMca mahAvratarUpa dharma svIkAra karate haiN| pArthApatyIya gAMgeya anagAra kI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha aneka viSayoM para carcA kA graMtha' meM vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kara gAMgeya anagAra mahAvIra ke sarvajJa va sarvadarzI rUpa se avagata hote haiM tathA cAturyAma dharma ke sthAna para paMca mahAvratarUpa dharma ko svIkAra karate haiN| jamAli bhagavatIsUtra ke adhyayana se yaha tathya bhI ujAgara hotA hai ki jamAli anagAra ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM hI unase pRthak hokara apane naye siddhAnta kI prarUpaNA kI thii| arthAt jaina dharma meM yahIM se matabheda kA prArambha ho gayA thaa| jamAli anagAra ne 500 puruSoM ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| kintu, atyaMta mahattvAkAMkSI tathA ahaMkArI hone ke kAraNa ye bhagavAn mahAvIra kI anumati lie binA hI apane anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha anyatra vihAra kara gaye aura eka dina unhoMne apane pRthak siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| isakA ullekha graMtha meM isa prakAra huA hai- 'prabala vedanA se grasta jamAli anagAra dvArA Adeza dene para mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ 201

Page #228
1 zramaNa usake lie bichaunA bichAne lagate haiM / bichAne kA kArya samApta na hone se pahale hI jamAli unase pUchate haiM ki kyA bichaunA bicha gayA? taba zramaNa kahate haiM- bichA nahIM, bichAyA jA rahA hai| isa para jamAli ko yaha adhyavasAya utpanna hotA hai ki ( mahAvIra ke siddhAMta) calamAna calita hai, udIryamAna udIrita hai, Adi mithyA haiN|' vaha apane ziSyoM ko bulAkara apane navIna siddhAMta kI prarUpaNA karate haiM ki calamAna calita nahIM, acalita hai Adi / I vastuta: jamAli anagAra dvArA mahAvIra ke siddhAMta ke prati ekAnta dRSTi apanAne ke kAraNa unakA siddhAnta mithyA batAyA gayA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM bhI zrAvastI meM prAdurbhUta 'bahurata' nAmaka nihnavadarzana ke pravartaka jamAli kA varNana hai| usakA mantavya thA- 'jo kArya kiyA jA rahA hai use sampUrNa na hone taka 'kiyA gayA' aisA kahanA mithyA hai|' bhagavatIsUtra meM jamAli kI isa mithyA ekAMta dRSTi ke kAraNa usake lie darzanabhraSTaveSadhArI zabda kA prayoga huA hai / darzanabhraSTasaliMgI ko spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIvRtti' meM kahA gayA hai ki 'sAdhu ke veSa meM hote hue bhI darzana bhraSTanihnava darzanabhraSTasvaveSadhArI hai| aisA sAdhaka Agama ke anusAra kriyA karatA huA bhI nihnava hotA hai, jinadarzana ke viruddha prarUpaNA karatA hai, jaise jamAli / ' AjIvika mata bhagavatIvRtti' meM AcArya abhayadevasUri ne 'AjIvika' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki eka khAsa prakAra ke pAkhaNDI nagna rahane vAle gozAlaka ke ziSya, labdhiprayoga karake avivekI logoM dvArA khyAti prApta karane vAle yA mahimApUjA ke lie tapa aura cAritra kA anuSThAna karane vAle avivekI logoM meM camatkAra dikhAkara apanI AjIvikA calAne vAle ( AjIvika ) haiM / prAcIna jainAgamoM- sthAnAMgasUtra, aupapAtikasUtra, upAsakadazAMga Adi graMthoM meM AjIvika mata ke saMbaMdha meM yatra-tatra ullekha prApta hote haiM / kintu, bhagavatIsUtra aisA graMtha hai, jisameM AjIvika mata ke AcArya gozAlaka kA vistRta jIvana carita varNita huA hai| gozAlaka kA jIvana vRtta gozAlaka ke pitA maMkhalI maMkha jAti ke the / usa maMkhalI ke bhadrA nAma kI patnI thii| maMkhalI citraphalaka hAtha meM lekara maMkhavRtti se jIvikAyApana hetu grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karatA thaa| eka bAra vaha zaravaNa nAmaka sanniveza meM gobahula bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 202

Page #229
brAhmaNa kI gozAlA meM phuNcaa| vahIM para bhadrA ne eka bAlaka ko janma diyaa| brAhmaNa kI gozAlA meM janma lene ke kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma gozAlaka rakhA gyaa| yuvA hone para gozAlaka ne svayaM apanA citraphalaka taiyAra kiyA aura maMkhavRtti se bhikSA mA~gate hue vicaraNa karane lgaa| idhara dIkSA paryAya ke prathama varSa meM varSAvAsa hetu tIrthaMkara mahAvIra rAjagRha nagara meM nAlandA pAr3A ke bAhara kisI tantuvAyazAlA meM Thahare hue the| usI samaya gozAlaka bhI vahIM pahu~cA aura vaha bhI usI tantuvAyazAlA ke eka bhAga meM rahane lgaa| vahA~ rahate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tapa ke teja se gozAlaka atyanta prabhAvita huA aura usane mahAvIra se svayaM ko apanA ziSya banAne kI icchA prakaTa kii| mahAvIra ne use apanA ziSya svIkAra kiyaa| chaH varSa taka gozAlaka mahAvIra ke sAtha vicaraNa karatA rhaa| eka dina siddhArthagrAma aura kUrmagrAma ke bIca vihAra karate hue gozAlaka ne mahAvIra se tila ke paudhe kI niSpatti ko lekara prazna kiyaa| mahAvIra ne yathAtathya uttara diyaa| mahAvIra ke uttara ko mithyA siddha karane hetu gozAlaka ne vaha paudhA ukhAr3akara dUra pheMka diyA, kintu saMyogavaza huI vRSTi ke kAraNa vaha tila kA paudhA punaH miTTI meM jama gyaa| usI kAla meM kUrmagrAma nagara ke bAhara vaizyAyana nAmaka bAla tapasvI tapazcaraNa meM lIna the| gozAlaka ne unase cher3achAr3a kii| isa para vaizyAyana tapasvI ne kruddha hokara gozAlaka para USNa tejAlezyA se prahAra kara diyaa| taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gozAlaka kI prANa rakSA hetu zIta tejolezyA kA pratighAta kiyaa| yaha dekhakara vaizyAyana dvArA apanI USNa tejolezyA punaH khIMca lI gii| yaha saba dekhakara gozAlaka ne mahAvIra se tejolezyA kI prApti kI vidhi puuchii| mahAvIra ne gozAlaka ko tejolezyA prApta karane kI vidhi batAkara usakI jijJAsA kA samAdhAna kiyaa| isake pazcAt kisI dina punaH kUrmagrAma aura siddhArthagrAma ke bIca vihAra karate hue mahAvIra ne gozAlaka ko vahI tila kA harA-bharA paudhA dikhAyA aura kahA 'he gozAlaka! tumane usa dina isa paudhe ko ukhAr3a diyA thA, kintu mere kahe anusAra yaha paudhA niSpanna huA hai kyoMki vanaspatikAyika jIva mara-marakara usI vanaspatikAya ke zarIra meM punaH utpanna ho jAte haiN|' isI ghaTanA ke bAda gozAlaka mahAvIra se pRthak hokara vicaraNa karane lgaa| kAlAntara meM usane mahAvIra dvArA batAI gaI vidhi ke anusAra ghora tapazcaraNa karake mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ 203

Page #230
tejolezyA prApta kara lii| aba vaha AjIvika saMgha se parivRtta hokara AjIvika siddhAntoM se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karatA huA vicaraNa karane lgaa| kisI dina usake pAsa chaH dizAcara Aye aura usake ziSya bana gye| taba se gozAlaka svayaM ko 'jina' kahakara vicarane lgaa| taba kisI dina mahAvIra ne zrAvastI meM logoM kI eka vizAla pariSad meM gozAlaka kI vAstavikatA prakaTa karate hue use jinapralApI khaa| mahAvIra ke kathana se zrAvastI ke logoM meM yaha bAta phaila gaI ki gozAlaka vAstava meM 'jina' nahIM apitu jinapralApI hai| ukta ghaTanA se kruddha hokara gozAlaka ne mahAvIra ke Ananda nAmaka ziSya ko bulAkara yaha cetAvatI dI- 'mahAvIra ko samajhAo mere viruddha pracAra nahIM kre| yadi mere viSaya meM kucha bhI boleMge to maiM unheM bhasma kara duuNgaa|' idhara gozAlaka dvArA tejolezyA prApti kI bAta jAnakara surakSA kI dRSTi se bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane zramaNoM ko gozAlaka ke sAtha dharmacarcA evaM pratisAraNA (dharma mata ke pratikUla carcA) nahIM karane kA Adeza diyaa| tadanaMtara kisI dina gozAlaka svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa AyA aura apanI pahacAna ko chipAte hue parivRttaparihAra kI mithyA mAnyatAnusAra 133 varSoM meM apane sAta parivRttaparihAra (zarIrAntara praveza) kI prarUpaNA karane lgaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prativAda karane para gozAlaka anargala pralApa evaM bhartsanA karane lgaa| gozAlaka kA anargala pralApa evaM apane dharmAcArya mahAvIra kI bhartsanA sunakara unakA ziSya sarvAnubhUti anagAra gozAlaka ko samajhAne lgaa| taba kruddha hokara gozAlaka ne usa para tejolezyA chor3a dii| sarvAnubhUti anagAra kAla ko prApta ho gye| isake pazcAt sunakSatra anagAra dvArA pratirodha karane para gozAlaka atyanta krodhita huA aura usane use bhI bhasma kara diyaa| - isake pazcAt gozAlaka ne bhagavAna mahAvIra para tejolezyA chodd'ii| kintu, vaha tejolezyA bhagavAn mahAvIra para apanA thor3A bhI prabhAva na dikhA skii| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pradakSiNA kara vaha tejolezyA vApasa lauTakara usI maMkhalIputra gozAlaka ke zarIra meM praveza kara use jalAne lgii| kruddha hokara gozAlaka ne chaha mAha ke bhItara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mRtyu kI bhaviSyavANI kii| prativAda meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane dIrghAyuSya tathA sAta dina ke bhItara gozAlaka kI mRtyu kA kathana kiyaa| aba gozAlaka kI tejolezyA kI zakti samApta ho cukI thii| yaha jAnakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNa nigraMtha gozAlaka ke sAtha aneka dharmacarcAe~ kara yuktiyoM 204 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #231
tathA tarkoM se use niruttara karane lge| gozAlaka kI parAjaya ko dekhakara usake aneka anuyAyI usakA sAtha chor3akara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha mila gye| kintu, kucha anuyAyI abhI bhI gozAlaka ke sAtha hI the| tejolezyA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa gozAlaka taraha-taraha ke pralApa, madyapAna, nAca-gAna Adi karane lgaa| eka dina ayaMpula nAmaka AjIvikopAsaka gozAlaka kI unmatta ceSTAe~ dekha vimukha hone lagA kintu, gozAlaka ke kucha sthaviroM ne use UTapaTAMga samajhAkara punaH gozAlakamata meM sthira kiyaa| tadanaMtara gozAlaka ne apanA antima samaya nikaTa jAna kara apane sthaviroM ko nikaTa bulAkara dhUmadhAma se zavayAtrA nikAlane tathA tIrthaMkara hokara siddha hone kI udghoSaNA sahita maraNottara kriyA karane kA nirdeza diyaa| kintu, jaba sAtavIM rAtri vyatIta ho rahI thI tabhI gozAlaka ko samyaktva upalabdha huaa| usane svayaM AtmanindApUrvaka apane kukRtyoM tathA utsUtra-prarUpaNA kA rahasyodghATana kiyA aura maraNa ke anantara apane zava kI apratiSThApUrvaka maraNottara kriyA karane kA nirdeza diyaa| usakI mRtyu ke uparAnta sthaviroM ne banda kamare meM usake Adeza kA kalpita rUpa se aupacArika pAlana hI kiyaa| phira satkArapUrvaka gozAlaka kI maraNottara kriyAe~ sampanna kii| zataka ke upasaMhAra meM gautamasvAmI ke prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn ne gozAlaka ke bhAvI janmoM kI jhA~kI batalAkara sabhI yoniyoM aura gatiyoM meM aneka bAra bhramaNa karane ke pazcAt gozAlaka ke ArAdhaka hokara mahAvideha kSetra meM dRr3hapratijJa kevalI hokara anta meM siddha-buddha-mukta hone ke ujjavala bhaviSya kA kathana kiyA hai| graMtha meM varNita gozAlaka ke jIvana carita meM AjIvika mata ke itihAsa va siddhAnta donoM para hI prakAza par3atA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM Aye ullekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki AjIvika sampradAya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se pahale bhI astitva meM thaa| graMthA0 meM svayaM gozAlaka dvArA kahA gayA hai ki 'maiM kauNDinyAyana gotrIya udAyI huuN| sAta parivRta-parihAra meM saMcAra pazcAt maMkhalIputra gozAlaka ke zarIra meM praviSTa huA huuN|' gozAlaka dvArA ullekhita sAta parivartta-parihAra isa prakAra haiM 1. eNeyaka ke zarIra meM 22 varSa 2. mallarAmaka ke zarIra meM 21 varSa 3. maNDika ke zarIra meM 20 varSa 4. rauha ke zarIra meM 19 varSa 5. bhAradvAja ke zarIra meM 18 varSa 6. gautama putra arjuna ke zarIra meM 17 varSa mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ 205

Page #232
7. aba maMkhalI putra gozAlaka ke zarIra meM 16 varSa isa prakAra kula 133 varSa meM sAta parivarta-parihAra hue| inameM se gozAlaka ke 16 varSa ghaTA diye jAya, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the to yaha spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki AjIvika sampradAya bhagavAn mahAvIra se karIba 117 varSa pUrva vidyamAna thaa| isa saMbaMdha meM DaoN. je. sI. sikadara ne apane zodha prabandha meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai|1 anuyAyI- gozAlaka apane yuga kA khyAtiprApta dharmanAyaka thaa| usakA saMgha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha se bar3A thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra se kahIM adhika usake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki tathAgat buddha ne kahA hai ki vaha machaliyoM kI taraha logoM ko apane jAla meM phaMsAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki vaha apane anuyAyiyoM se ghirA rahatA thaa| AjIviyasaparivuDe AjIviyasamayeNaM appANaM bhAvemANe vihrti| - (15.1.5) / bhagavatIsUtra meM AjIvika sampradAya ke kucha anuyAyiyoM kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha bhI huA hai| hAlAhalA nAmaka kumhArina AjIvika siddhAnta ke rahasya kI jJAtA thii| vaha usake premAnurAga meM isa taraha raMga gaI thI ki use AjIvika kA siddhAnta hI saccA va paramArtha lagatA thaa| zeSa sabhI anartha / cha: dizAcara, jinhoMne aSTAMga mahAnimitta, naveM gItamArga va dasaveM nRtyamArga ko apane-apane matidarzanoM meM uddhRta kara liyA thA, maMkhalIputra gozAlaka ke pAsa Aye aura dIkSita hue| unake nAma isa prakAra 1. zoNa, 2. kananda, 3. karNikAra, 4. acchidra, 5. agnivaizyAyana, 6. gautama (gomAyu) putra arjuna isake atirikta ayaMpula nAmaka AjIvikopAsaka tathA anya AjIvika sthaviroM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| graMtha meM anyatra 12 AjIvikopAsakoM ke nAma kA bhI ullekha huA hai 1. tAla, 2. tAlapralamba, 3. udbidha, 4. saMvidha, 5. avavidha, 6. udaya, 7. nAmodaya, 8. narmodaya, 9. anupAlaka, 10. zaMkhapAlaka, 11. ayambula, 12. kAtaraka AjIvika siddhAnta bhagavatIsUtra meM AjIvika sampradAya ke AcAra vyavahAra evaM aneka siddhAntoM kA vivecana huA hai| inakA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai| 206 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #233
jIvikopArjana- graMthA4 meM kahA hai gozAlaka ke pitA 'maMkhalI' maMkha jAti ke the| ve citraphalaka hAtha meM lekara citra batAkara AjIvikA karane vAle bhikSuoM kI vRtti arthAt maMkhatva se jIvana-yApana karate the| yuvA hone para gozAlaka ne bhI svayaM vyaktigata rUpa se citraphalaka taiyAra kiyA aura use hAtha meM lekara maMkhavRtti se vicaraNa karane lgaa| isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki AjIvika sAdhu svayaM apanI jIvikA kA upArjana karate the| AcAra-vyavahAra'5- AjIvika mata ke AcAra-vyavahAra kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki samasta jIva akSINaparibhojI (sacittAhArI) hote haiN| isalie ve hanana, tAr3ana, kATakara, bhedanakara, katarakara (camar3I Adi) utArakara aura vinaSTa karake khAte haiN| inakA deva arahaMta (gozAlaka arhat) hai| ye mAtApitA kI sevA-zuzrUSA karate haiN| ve pA~ca prakAra ke phaloM- udumbara ke phala, var3a ke phala, bora, sattara ke phala, pIpala kA phala tathA pyAja, lahasuna, kandamUla ke tyAgI hote haiM tathA anilAMchita (khassI-badhiyA na kiye hue) aura nAka nahIM nAthe hue bailoM se, trasa prANI kI hiMsA se rahita vyApAra karake apanI AjIvikA karate haiN| parivartta-parihAra- AjIvika mata kA pramukha siddhAnta parivartta-parihAra hai| parivartta-parihAra siddhAnta ke anusAra sabhI jIva parivarta-parihAra karate haiM arthAt marakara punaH usI zarIra meM utpanna hote haiM- evaM khalu savvajIvA vi pauTTaparihAraM pariharaMti - (15.1.56) / bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita gozAlaka ke jIvana caritra se spaSTa hotA hai ki tila ke paudhe kI niSpatti kI ghaTanA ke samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jaba yaha prarUpaNA kI - ki 'vanaspatikAyika jIva mara-marakara usI vanaspatikAya ke zarIra meM punaH utpanna ho jAte haiN|' tabhI durAgrahavaza gozAlaka ke mana meM sabhI jIvoM ke parivartaparihAra kI mAnyatA ne janma liyaa| bAda meM svayaM gozAlaka dvArA mahAvIra se apanI pahacAna chipAne ke lie sAta parivarta-parihAra ke saMcAra kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki maiMne sAta parivarta-parihAra meM saMcAra kiyaa| yathA- aiNeyaka, mallarAmaka, maNDika, rauha, bhAradvAja, gautamaputra arjuna aura maMkhalIputra goshaalk| mukti kA siddhAnta - gozAlaka dvArA mukti ke siddhAnta kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki hamAre siddhAnta ke anusAra jo bhI siddha hue haiM, siddha hote haiM, athavA siddha hoMge, ve saba (pahale) caurAsI lAkha mahAkalpa (kAlavizeSa), mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ 207

Page #234
sATha sAta divya (devabhava), sAta saMyUthanikAya, sAta saMjJIgarbha (manuSya- garbhAvAsa), sAta parivRtta - parihAra (usI zarIra meM punaH punaH praveza - utpatti) aura pAMca lAkha, hajAra chaha sau tIna karmoM ke bhedoM ko anukrama se kSaya karake tatpazcAt siddha hote haiM, buddha hote haiM, mukta hote haiN|' isake pazcAt sva: siddhAntAnusAra 'zarapramANa' kAla, mahAkalpa, mahAmANasa Adi kAla kA vivecana kiyA hai| aSTa carama- carama se tAtparya hai- 'jo phira kabhI nahIM hoNge|' bhagavatIsUtra" meM gozAlaka dvArA nimna ATha carama padArthoM kI prarUpaNA kI gii| 1. caramapAna, 2. caramagAna, 3. caramanATya, 4. caramaaMjalikarma, 5. carama puSkala - saMvarttaka mahAmegha, 6. carama secanaka gaMdhahastI, 7. carama mahAzilA - kaNTakasaMgrAma, 8. carama tIrthaMkara / ukta aSTacarama ke pratipAdana ke sAtha hI gozAlaka dvArA yaha ghoSaNA kI gaI - 'maiM ( maMkhaliputra gozAlaka ) isa avasarpiNI kAla meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se carama tIrthaMkara hokara siddha hoU~gA / ' pAnaka-apAnaka- bhagavatIsUtra meM AjIvika siddhAnta ke antargata cAra prakAra ke pAnaka evaM cAra prakAra ke apAnaka kA ullekha milatA hai / cAra prakAra ke pAnaka nimna haiM 1. gAya kI pITha se girA huA 2. hAtha se masalA huA 3. sUrya ke tApa se tapA huA 4. zilA se girA huaa| cAra prakAra ke apAnaka isa prakAra haiM / 1. sthAlapAnaka, 2. tvacApAnaka, 3. simbalIpAnaka, 4. zuddhapAnaka bhagavatIsUtra meM inake svarUpa kA vistAra se vivecana huA hai| nimittavAda - AjIvika sampradAya ke ina mukhya siddhAntoM ke atirikta bhagavatIsUtra " meM yaha bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai ki AjIvika aSTAMga mahAnimitta, naveM gItamArga va dasaveM nRtyamArga ke jJAtA hote the / aSTAMga nimitta isa prakAra haiM1. divya, 2. autpAta, 3. AntarikSa, 4. bhauma, 5. AMga, 6. svara, 7. lakSaNa, 8. vyaMjana graMtha 20 meM aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke upadeza se sabhI prANiyoM, bhUtoM, satvoM va jIvoM ke lie nimna cha: bAtoM ko anatikramaNI batAyA gayA hai 1. lAbha, 2. alAbha, 3. sukha, 4. du:kha, 5. jIvana, 6. maraNa uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki bhagavatIsUtra meM gozAlaka ke jIvana-caritra ke sAtha-sAtha AjIvika sampradAya ke itihAsa, siddhAntoM, AcAra, anuyAyiyoM bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 208

Page #235
Adi kA bhI vivecana huA hai / anya graMthoM meM bhI isa sampadrAya ke viSaya meM vivecana milatA hai| AcArya pANini aura AcArya pataMjali ke anusAra gozAlaka parivrAjaka thA aura 'karma mata karo' isa mata kA saMsthApaka thA / AvazyakacUrNi, AvazyakavRtti, AvazyakamalayagirivRtti Adi aneka graMthoM meM bhI gozAlaka ke jIvana prasaMga varNita haiM / 21 upAsakadazAMga 22 meM unheM niyativAdI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, jo utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura parAkrama ko svIkAra nahIM karate the / parivrAjaka parivrAjaka zramaNa brAhmaNa dharma ke pratiSThita sanyAsI hote the / ye Avasatha meM nivAsa karate aura AcArazAstra tathA darzana Adi viSayoM para vAda-vivAda karane ke lie dUra-dUra taka paryaTana karate the / geruA vastra pahanane ke kAraNa inheM gerua athavA gairika bhI kahA gayA hai| 23 ye bhikSA se apanI AjIvikA karate the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM inakI saMkhyA vipula mAtrA meM thI / aupapAtikasUtra, sUtrakRtAMga Adi jainAgamoM meM parivrAjaka sanyAsiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM | 24 bhagavatIsUtra 25 meM gardabhAla nAmaka parivrAjaka ke ziSya kAtyAyanagotrIya skandaka parivrAjaka kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| loka sAMta hai yA anaMta, jIva sAMta hai yA anaMta Adi praznoM ke uttara jAnane ke lie gardabhAlaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~catA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA unakA samAdhAna karane para vaha zramaNadIkSA aMgIkAra karatA hai tathA kaThora tapasyA kara mokSa prApta karatA hai / isake atirikta mudgala parivrAjaka 26 va ammaDa parivrAjaka 27 ke ullekha bhI graMtha meM Aye haiM / AlabhikA nagarI ke mudgala parivrAjaka ko tapazcaryA va bhadratA ke kAraNa vibhaMgajJAna utpanna hotA hai / kintu, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dezanA sunakara usakA vibhaMgajJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai tathA vaha zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kara mokSa prApta karatA hai / kAmpilyapura ke ammaDa parivrAjaka va usake 700 ziSyoM kA bhI bhagavatIsUtra meM ullekha hai| kintu, vizeSa varNana ke lie aupapAtikasUtra 28 dekhane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| aupapAtikasUtra meM ammaDa parivrAjaka kA prasaMga vistAra se varNita huA hai| bhagavatIsUtra" meM caraka parivrAjaka kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| jainasUtroM meM carakoM kI gaNanA parivrAjakoM ke antargata kI gaI hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM caraka Adi parivrAjakoM ko kapilamuni kA putra kahA gayA hai| gerue yA bhague raMga ke vastra pahanakara ghATI (sAmUhika bhikSA) dvArA AjIvikA karane vAle tridaNDI, kacchoka mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ 209

Page #236
Adi athavA kapilaRSi ke ziSya caraka kahalAte haiN| caraka Adi parivrAjaka prAta:kAla uThakara skanda Adi devatAoM ke gRha kA parimArjana karake, devatAoM para upalepana karate aura unake sAmane dhUpAdi khete the| AcArAMgacUrNi30 meM sAMkhyoM ko carakoM kA bhakta kahA hai| dazavaikAlikaniyukti (gAthA 158-159) meM zravaNa ke bIsa paryAyavAcI nAmoM meM caraka kA samAveza hai| parivrAjaka mahAmanISI hote the| skandaka parivrAjaka ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai"vaha Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda, ina cAra vedoM, pA~caveM itihAsa (purANa), chaThe nighaNTu nAmaka koza kA tathA sAMgopAMga rahasyasahita vedoM kA sAraka, vAraka, dhAraka, veda ke chaha aMgoM (zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chandazAstra aura jyotiSazAstra) kA vettA thaa| vaha SaSThitaMtra (sAMkhyazAstra) meM vizArada thaa| vaha gaNitazAstra, zikSAkalpa (AcAra) zAstra, vyAkaraNazAstra, chandazAstra, nirukta (vyutpatti) zAstra aura jyotiSazAstra, ina saba zAstroM meM, tathA dUsare bahuta-se brAhmaNa aura parivrAjaka-saMbaMdhI nIti aura darzanazAstroM meM bhI atyanta pravINa thaa|" vezabhUSA- bhagavatIsUtra meM parivrAjakoM kI vezabhUSA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki ve tridaNDa, kuNDI, rudrAkSa kI mAlA, karoTikA, (miTTI kA bartana) Asana, kesarikA (bartana sApha karane kA kapar3A), trigaDI, aMkuzaka, (vRkSa ke patte tor3ane ke lie) pavitrI (aMgUThI), gaNatrikA (kalAI meM pahanane kA AbhUSaNa), chatra, pagarakhI pAdukA se yukta hote the tathA dhAtu se raMge hue vastra (gerue kapar3e) pahanate the| tapasyA- parivrAjaka sAdhu bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA tapa karate the| AlabhikA nagarI kA mudgala parivrAjaka nirantara bele-bele kI tapasyA karatA huA AtApanAbhUmi meM donoM bhujAe~ U~cIkara AtApanA letA thaa| ambaDaparivrAjaka va usake 700 ziSyoM kI tapasyA kA varNana aupapAtikasUtra meM hai| jaba ve kAmpilyapura se purimatAla nagara kI ora jA rahe the tabhI aTavI meM praveza karate hI unakA pIne kA pAnI samApta ho gyaa| pAsa meM hI gaMgA meM nirmala jala baha rahA thA, kintu 'adatta' kI pratijJA ke kAraNa ve jala grahaNa nahIM karate haiN| pyAsa se vyAkula hone para unake prANa saMkaTa meM par3a jAte haiN| anta meM sabhI sAdhaka arhanta bhagavAn ko namaskAra kara saMthArA grahaNa kara kAla kara jAte haiN| vAnaprastha tApasa vanavAsI sAdhuoM ko tApasa kahA gayA hai| ye tApasa vanoM meM Azrama banAkara rahate the| vahIM dhyAna, adhyayana, yajJa-yAga Adi karate aura kaMdamUla, phala, chAla, 210 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #237
dhAnya Adi se jIvana-yApana karate the|5 ye tApasa-zramaNa gaMgA ke taTa para rahate aura vAnaprasthAzrama kA pAlana karate the| bhagavatIsUtra meM nimnalikhita vAnaprasthatApaso kA ullekha haA hai- agnihotrI, potika (vastradhArI), kautrika (pRthvI para sone vAle), yAjJika, zrAddhI (zrAddhakarma karane vAle), khapparadhArI (sthAlika), kuNDikAdhArIzramaNa, danta-prakSAlaka, unmajjaka, sammajjaka, nimajjaka, samprakSAlaka, UrdhvakaNDuka, adha:kaNDuka, dakSiNakUlaka, uttarakUlaka,zaMkhadhamaka (zaMkha phUMkakara bhojana karane vAle), kUladhamaka (kinAre para khar3e hokara AvAja karake bhojana karane vAle), muglubdhaka, hastItApasa, jala se snAna kiye binA bhojana nahIM karane vAle, pAnI meM rahane vAle, vAyu meM rahane vAle, paTa-maNDapa meM rahane vAle, bilavAsI, vRkSamUlavAsI, jalabhakSaka, vAyubhakSaka, zaivAlabhakSaka, mUlAhArI, kandAhArI, tvacAhArI, patrAhArI, puSpAhArI, phalAhArI, bIjAhArI, sar3akara TUTe yA gire hue kanda, mUla, chAla, patte, phUla aura phala khAne vAle, daNDa U~cA rakhakara calane vAle, vRkSamUlanivAsI, mAMDalika, vanavAsI, dizAprokSI, AtApanA se paMcAgni tApa tapane vAle (apane zarIra ko aMgAroM se tapA kara kASTa-sA banA dene vAle) ityaadi| bhagavatIsUtra meM tApasoM ke upakaraNoM meM lor3hI, lohe kI kar3AhI, kuDachI, aura tAmbe ke tApasocita upakaraNoM kA ullekha huA hai| dizAprokSaNa tApasacaryA dizAprokSaka tApasa se tAtparya jala dvArA dizAoM kA pUjana karane ke pazcAt phala, puSpAdi grahaNa karane vAle tApasa se hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM ullekha hai ki zivarAjarSi dvArA dizAprokSaka tApasoM ke pAsa muNDita hokara dikprokSaka-tApasarUpa pravrajyA aMgIkAra kI gii| pravrajita hone para unhoMne nirantara bele-bele kI tapasyA dvArA dik-cakravAla tapa:karma karake donoM bhujAoM ko U~cI rakhane kA saMkalpa liyaa| isa vrata ke antargata pratyeka pAraNe ke dina eka-eka dizA kA pUjana kara usI dizA ke phala Adi kA sevana kiyA jAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM isa vrata kI vidhi kA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai- 'zivarAjarSi prathama bele ke pAraNe ke dina AtApanA bhUmi se nIce utare, valkalavastra pahanakara kuTI meM aaye| vahA~ se kiDhINa (bA~sa kI chabar3I) va kAvar3a ko lekara pUrva-dizA kA pUjana va prArthanA kii| isake pazcAt pUrva-dizA meM jo kaMdamUla, chAla, patte, puSpa, phala, bIja aura harI vanaspati thI, unheM chabar3I meM bhara liyaa| phira darbha, kuza, samidhA aura vRkSa ke patte grahaNa kara kuTI meM aaye| vahA~ vedikA kA pramArjana kiyA, tatpazcAt mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ 211

Page #238
nahAkara pitaroM ke kArya Adi sampanna kara, kalaza meM DAbha DAlakara vedI banAkara agni jlaaii| agni ke dAhinI ora ye sAta vastue~ rakhI thI- 1. sakathA, 2. valkala, 3. sthAna, 4. zayyAbhANDa, 5. kamaNDalu, 6. lakar3I kA DaMDA, 7. apanA shriir| phira madhu, ghI aura cAvaloM kA agni meM havana kiyA aura caru (balipAtra) meM balidravya lekara balivaizyadeva (agnideva) ko arpaNa kiyaa| atithi kI pUjA karane ke pazcAt svayaM AhAra kiyaa| isa prakAra krama se eka-eka bele ke pAraNe ke dina eka dizA ke prokSaNa kI tApasa-caryA kii|' dizAprokSaNa tApasacaryA ke phala kA vivecana karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai- isa vrata ke phalasvarUpa zivarAjarSi ke tadAvaraNIya karmoM ke kSayopazama ke kAraNa IhA, apoha, mArgaNA aura gaveSaNA karate hue vibhaMga jJAna utpanna huaa| isa vibhaMga jJAna se ve loka meM sAta dvIpa va sAta samudra dekhane lge| usase Age ve na jAnate the, na dekhate the| kAndarpika39- jo sAdhu haMsor3a-hAsyazIla ho| aisA sAdhu cAritraveza meM rahate hue bhI hAsyazIla hone ke kAraNa aneka prakAra kI vidUSaka-kI-sI ceSTAe~ karatA hai| kandarpa arthAt kAma saMbaMdhI vArtAlApa karane vAlA sAdhu bhI kAndarpika kahalAtA hai| Abhiyogika- vidyA aura maMtra Adi kA yA cUrNa Adi ke yoga kA prayoga karanA aura dUsaroM ko apane vaza meM karanA abhiyoga kahalAtA hai| jo sAdhu vyavahAra se to saMyama kA pAlana karatA hai, kintu maMtra, taMtra, yaMtra, bhUtikarma, praznAprazna, nimitta, cUrNa Adi ke prayoga dvArA dUsare ko AkarSita karatA hai, vazIbhUta karatA hai, vaha Abhiyogika kahalAtA hai| anyatIrthika prastuta graMtha meM kaI sthAnoM para anyatIrthika kI mAnyatAoM kA nirUpaNa, bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA unakA khaNDana va svamata kA nirUpaNa huA hai| ina sabhI ullekhoM meM kisI mata vizeSa ke nAma kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| anyatIrthika se tAtparya sambhavataH zramaNa nigraMtha dharma ke virodhI mata ke pratipAdakoM se rahA hogaa| dharma va darzana ke saMbaMdha meM inakI apanI mAnyatAe~ pracalita thIM, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNadharma ke viparIta thiiN| graMtha meM kAlodAyI, zailodAI, zaivAlodAyI, udaya, nAmodaya, narmodaya, annapAlaka, zailapAlaka, zaMkhapAlaka va suhastI gRhapati Adi anyatIrthiyoM kA ullekha huA hai| gautama gaNadhara ke sAtha unake vArtAlApa 212 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #239
kA tathA kAlodayI dvArA zramaNadharma aMgIkAra karane kA vivecana huA hai| graMtha meM anyatIrthika mAnyatAoM meM se kucha dRSTavya haiM 1. anyatIrthika isa prakAra prarUpaNA karate haiM ki eka jIva eka samaya meM do AyuSya karatA hai - isa bhava kA AyuSya va parabhava kA AyuSya (1.9.20) I 2. do paramANu pudgala eka sAtha nahIM cipakate / do paramANu pudgaloM meM snigdhatA nahIM hotI isalie do paramANu pudgala eka sAtha nahIM cipakate - (1.10.2) / dUsare loga aisA kahate haiM ki saMgrAma meM Ahata, ghAyala yA mRtyu prApta vyakti marakara devaloka meM jAte haiM - (7.9.20) 3. bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA yuktipUrvaka ina mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kara svamata ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| anya samavasaraNa mata yA darzana ko samavasaraNa kahA jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM aneka dArzanika apane-apane mata kA pracAra-prasAra kara rahe the / graMtha meM cAra samavasaraNoM kA vizeSa ullekha huA hai / 12 inakA viziSTa vivecana madhukara muni ne vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra ke tIsaveM zataka meM kiyA hai| 1. kriyAvAdI, 2. akriyAvAdI, 3. ajJAnavAdI, 4. vinayavAdI kriyAvAdI kriyAvAdI kI vibhinna paribhASAe~ milatI haiM / kriyA kartA ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH kriyA ke kartA arthAt AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karane vAle kriyAvAdI haiN| kriyA hI pradhAna hai, jJAna kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / aisI kriyA prAdhAnya kI mAnyatA rakhane vAle kriyAvAdI haiM / jIva, ajIva Adi padArthoM ke astitva ko mAnane vAle bhI kriyAvAdI kahe jAte haiM / kriyAvAdI ke avAntara 180 bheda haiM / akriyAvAdI akriyAvAdI kI bhI aneka vyAkhyAe~ milatI haiN| padArthoM ko anavasthita mAnakara unameM kriyA kA abhAva mAnane vAle akriyAvAdI haiM / kriyA kI kyA AvazyakatA, kevala citta kI zuddhi cAhiye, aisI mAnyatA vAle athavA jIvAdi ke astitva ko nahIM mAnane vAle akriyAvAdI haiM / akriyAvAdI ke 84 avAntara bheda haiN| ajJAnavAdI jJAnI va ajJAnI kA samAna aparAdha hone para jJAnI kA doSa adhika mAnA jAtA hai, ajJAnI kA kama ataH ajJAna hI zreyaskara hai / isa prakAra kI mAnyatA vAle ajJAnavAdI kahalAte haiM / inake 67 avAntara bheda haiM / mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ 213

Page #240
vinayavAdI svarga, apavarga Adi zreya kA kAraNa vinaya hai| isalie vinaya hI zreSTha hai| isa prakAra vinaya ko ekAnta rUpa se mAnane vAle vinayavAdI kahalAte haiN| inakA koI AcAra-zAstra nahIM hotA hai| sabhI ko namaskAra karanA hI inakA lakSya hotA hai| inake 32 avAntara bheda haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM vinayavAda ke anuyAyI tapasviyoM ke antargata tAmalItApasa, pUraNa Adi tapasviyoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| tAmralipti nagarI kA tAmalI gRhapati prANAmA pravrajyA kA dhAraka hone se indra, skanda, rudra, ziva, kubera, AryA, caMDikA yA rAjA, maMtrI, purohita, sArthavAha, yA kauve, kutte aura cAMDAla ko jahA~ kahIM bhI dekhatA praNAma krtaa| U~ce ko dekhakara U~ce praNAma karatA, nIce ko dekhakara nIcA praNAma krtaa| tAmalI kI taraha 'pUraNa' gRhapati dvArA 'dAnAmA' pravrajyA aMgIkAra karane kA varNana graMtha meM AyA hai| isake atirikta gozAlaka ke prasaMga meM vaizyAyana bAla-tapasvI kA ullekha bhI huA hai, jo ki UrdhvabAhu karake tapa kara rahe the| prAyaH zAstroM meM ina cAroM samavasaraNoM ko mithyAdRSTi hI kahA gayA hai| parantu graMtha meM samavasaraNa nAmaka uddezaka meM 'kriyAvAdI' zabda se samyagdRSTi kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo jIva-ajIva kA astitva mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha AtmAparamAtmA, svarga-naraka, pApa-puNya Adi ke astitva ko dRr3hatApUrvaka mAnate haiN| sarvajJa vacanoM para zraddhA rakhakara calate haiN| saMdarbha 1. vyA. sU., 2.5.12-19 2. uttarAdhyayana, 23.12 vyA. sU., 1.9.21-23 vahI, 9.32 vahI, 9.33,86-96 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 2306-2307 vyA. sU., 1.2.19 bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva patrAMka, 49, 50 9. bhagavatIvRtti, patrAMka, 49-50 10. vyA. sU., 15.1.68 11. sTeDija ina da bhagavatIsUtra, pR. 435-438 vyA. sU., 15.1.4, 6, 97 13. vahI, 8.5.11 14. vyA. sU., 15.1.14, 17, 20, 23 214 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 12. vyA .

Page #241
15. vahI, 8.5.12 16. vahI, 15.1.88 17. vahI, 15.1.88 18. vyA. sU., 15.1.90-95 19. vahI, 15.1.7 20. vahI, 15.1.8 __ vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhAga-4), muni madhukara, prastAvanA, pR. 76 22. uvAsagadasAo, sampA. muni madhukara, 7.181-185 jaina, jagadIza candra- jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 415-416 24. (ka) aupapAtikasUtra, muni madhukara, 76 pR. 129 (kha) sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, ArdrakIya adhyayana 25. vyA. sU., 2.1.12 vahI, 11.12.16-24 vahI, 14.8.21 28. aupapAtikasUtra, muni madhukara, 82-88, pR. 136-141 29. vahI, 1.2.19 30. AcArAMgacUrNi, 8, pR. 265 31. vyA. sU., 2.1.12 32. vahI, 2.1.17 vahI, 11.12.16 34. aupapAtika, muni madhukara, 82-88, pR. 136-141 35. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 412 36. vyA. sU. 11.9.6 37. vahI, 11.9.11-15 38. vahI, 11.9.17 39. vyA. sU., 1.2.19 vahI, 1.2.19 vyA. sU.,7.10.2 'cattAri samosaraNA pannattA, taM jahA kiriyAvAdI akiriyAvAdI, annANiyavAdI veNaiyavAdI' - vahI, 30.1.1 43. vyA. sU., 3.1.38 44. vahI, 3.2.19-20 45. vahI, 15.1.49 33. 40. mahAvIretara dArzanika paramparAe~ 215

Page #242
AcAra mImAMsA

Page #243
zramaNadIkSA evaM caryA AcAra zabda kA sAmAnya artha AcaraNa se liyA jAtA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM AcAra zabda sadAcAra ke artha meM hI prayukta huA hai| AcAra zabda AG upasarga pUrvaka car dhAtu hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ne cara dhAtu kA mukhya prayoga gati aura bhakSaNa artha meM kiyA hai| car dhAtu calane ke artha meM hai| mana meM zubha vicAroM kA calanA vicAra hai, zubhavANI kA prayoga uccAra hai tathA zubha vicAroM kA jIvana meM dhAraNa AcAra hai| isa prakAra sadAcAra zabda vicAra, AcAra evaM uccAra kI vizuddhatA, pavitratA tathA niyamabaddhatA ko dhvanita karatA hai| jaina paraMparA meM AcAra kI pavitratA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| jainAgama AcArAMga niryakti meM AcAra ko aMgoM kA sAra kahA gayA hai| jaina AcAra saMhitA kA mUla AdhAra samyak cAritra hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezAnusAra AcaraNa karanA evaM usake viparIta mArga kA parityAga karanA samyak cAritra hai| jaina graMthoM meM AcAra saMhitA kA vivecana sAdhu evaM gRhastha donoM kI yogyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kiyA gayA hai| AcAra pAlana meM utkRSTatA evaM nyUnatA ke AdhAra para jaina AcAra saMhitA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| 1. zramaNAcAra 2. shraavkaacaar| zramaNAcAra saMhitA kA mukhya uddezya AtmasAkSAtkAra hai jabaki zrAvaka athavA gRhastha kI AcAra saMhitA meM vyakti evaM samAja donoM kA utthAna samAhita hai| zramaNa paramparA* paramparA kI dRSTi se zramaNa paramparA ko anAdi kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se 'RSabhadeva' isa paramparA ke janaka mAne gaye haiN| RSabhadeva ne sabhyatA va saMskRti ke prArambha meM mAnava ko karma karane kI preraNA dI aura usake puruSArtha ko jAgrata kiyaa| RSabhadeva ke samaya kI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA mAnava ke prAraMbhika svarUpa kA paricAyaka hai| RSabhadeva ke bAda Ane vAle 23 anya nizItha bhASya meM zramaNoM ke pA~ca prakAra batAye haiM- niggaMtha (khamaNa) sakka (raktapaDa) tAvasa (vaNavAsI) gerua (parivvAyaa) aura AjIviya (paMDarAbhikkhu; gozAlaka) (13.4420) / prastuta adhyAya meM nigraMtha zramaNa paraMparA kI caryA evaM AcAra kA vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| zramaNadIkSA evaM caryA 217

Page #244
tIrthaMkaroM ne isa saMskRti kA poSaNa kiyA aura Aja yahI saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA pravartita evaM parivarddhita jaina saMskRti kI paramparA kA eka nizcita krama hameM upalabdha hotA hai| isa paramparA ko vikasita karane meM mukhyatayA tIna AdhAra parilakSita hote haiM- 1. svayaM RSabhadeva, 2. unake bAda ke bAIsa tIrthaMkara 3. bhagavAn mahAvIra va unakI ziSya prmpraa| isa prakAra mAnava sabhyatA ke sAtha udita hokara zramaNa saMskRti nirantara gatizIla rhii| RSabhadeva ke samaya se jana-sAdhAraNa ko susaMskRta banAtI huI, bhAratIya saMskRti ko karuNA aura sAdhanA kA saMdeza detI huI, antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA IsA pU. chaThI zatI meM suvyavasthita svarUpa pAkara unake anuyAyiyoM dvArA dezavyApI bana gii| zramaNa zabda kA artha evaM svarUpa zramaNa zabda bahuta hI prAcIna va vyApaka hai| zramaNa zabda kA prAkRta rUpAntara 'samaNa' hai| jaina zAstroM meM isake tIna artha milate haiM; zramaNa, samana va zamana / prathama zabda zramaNa kA artha hai- parizrama karane vaalaa| zramaNa saMskRti tapa pradhAna saMskRti hai| tapasyA karanA parizrama hI hai| isa dRSTi se zramaNa kA artha huA jo zrama yA tapasyA karate haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM zramaNa ke isa artha ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai- jo dAMta hai, dravya hai, bhavya hai, zarIra ke prati jisane mamatva kA tyAga kara diyA ho, jo AtmA va paramAtmA ke lie zrama kare vaha zramaNa hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke dvitIya zataka meM skandaka parivrAjaka ke jIvanavRtta meM zramaNa kA yahI svarUpa parilakSita hotA hai| skandaka parivrAjaka tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kara kaThora tapa sAdhanA ke dvArA apane zarIra ko khinna karake antima lakSya zuddha Atma-svarUpa ko prApta karate haiN| zramaNa zabda ke dvitIya rUpAntara 'samana' zabda kA artha hai- prANI mAtra ke prati samabhAva rakhane vaalaa| arthAt jo rAga-dveSa se pare ho vaha samana hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai ki sira muMDAne se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA hai samatA se zramaNa hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana' ke kApilIya adhyayana meM bhI isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pUrva paricita saMyogoM kA parityAga karake, jo kahIM kisI vastu meM sneha nahIM karatA, sneha karane vAloM ke prati bhI jo sneha nahIM dikhAtA vaha bhikSu doSoM va pradoSoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| pravacanasAra meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne kahA hai- jo zatru va baMdhu, niMdA va prazaMsA, pASANa va svarNa, jIvana va maraNa meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, vaha 218 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #245
zramaNa hai / bhagavatIsUtra' meM 'samana' ke isa rUpa para bhI vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| graMtha meM zramaNa nirgratha dharma ko anAsakta va kaSAyamukta dharma kahA hai / alpaicchA, amUrcchA, anAsakti, apratibaddhatA ko zramaNoM ke lie prazasta batAyA hai tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha ina cAroM kaSAyoM kI rahitatA ko zramaNa ke lie zreSTha kahA hai / kAMkSApradoSa ko saMsAra kA pramukha kAraNa mAnate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki kAMkSApradoSa kSINa ho jAne para zramaNa mukti ko prApta karatA hai / zramaNa ke tRtIya rUpAntara 'zamana' kA artha hai- zAMta karanA / isa dRSTi se jisane cittavRttiyoM ko zAMta kara liyA hai athavA vAsanAoM kA damana kara liyA hai, vahI zramaNa hai| isI saMdarbha meM saMvRta, asaMvRta anagAra ke svarUpa ko batAte hue bhagavatIsUtra " meM kahA gayA hai ki Asrava dvAroM kA nirodha karake saMvara kI ArAdhanA meM lagA zramaNa saMvRta hotA hai tathA hiMsAdi Asrava dvAroM ko nahIM rokane vAlA anagAra asaMvRta kahalAtA hai / spaSTa hai ki bhagavatIsUtra ke mUla meM zramaNa ke svarUpa ko batAne vAle zrama, sama va zama ye tInoM hI tattva maujUda haiN| zramaNa, saMyata, RSi, muni, sAdhu, vItarAgI, anagAra, bhadanta, dAMta aura yati ye dasa nAma zramaNa ke hI paryAyavAcI haiN|" jaina AgamoM meM zramaNa ke lie prAyaH nirgratha zabda kA prayoga bhI milatA hai arthAt jo parigraha athavA rAga dveSa kI granthi se rahita haiM / 12 zramaNa kA mahattva I AdikAla se hI zramaNa saMskRti meM zramaNa kA mahattva atyadhika rahA hai zramaNa kA jIvana isa prakAra kA hotA hai ki vaha saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI rAga-dveSa Adi kaSAyoM se vimukta hokara jItA hai / sAdhanA ke mArga para bar3hatA huA vaha apanI AtmA ke utthAna kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM zramaNa kI garimA kA yatra-tatra ullekha milatA hai / AcArAMga 13 meM kahA gayA hai amuni (ajJAnI) sadA soye hue haiM, muni (jJAnI) sadaiva jAgate rahate haiM / AcAra pAlana meM zreSThatA va nyUnatA kI dRSTi se jaina saMskRti do vikalpa mAnatI hai; zramaNAcAra (anagAradharma) va zrAvakAcAra ( AgAradharma) / AgAradharma kI apekSA jaina paraMparA meM anagAradharma ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki saMyama kA carama tathA parama vikAsa zramaNa- jIvana meM hI ho sakatA hai| zramaNa paramparA kA yaha dRr3ha mantavya hai ki nirvANa - lAbha zramaNoM ko hI prApta ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayana'' meM saMyama ke mahattva ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai- jo mAnava pratimAha dasa lAkha gAyeM dAna detA hai, usake lie bhI saMyama zreSTha hai, bhale hI usa avasthA meM zramaNadIkSA evaM caryA 219

Page #246
vaha kucha bhI dAna nahIM detA ho / bhagavatIsUtra' meM nirgratha pravacana ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue tuMgikA ke zramaNopAsaka kahate haiM ki yaha nigraMtha pravacana hI sArthaka hai, paramArtha hai, zeSa sabhI nirarthaka hai / nirgratha zramaNoM ke sukhoM ke mahattva para bhagavatIsUtra meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zramaNa sAMsArika sukhoM se nirlipta rahate hue saMsAra meM rahatA hai ata: usake sukhoM ko alaukika devoM ke sukhoM se zreSThatara batAte hue kahA hai- 'eka mAsa kI dIkSAparyAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha vANavyantara devoM kI tejolezyA (sukhAsikA) kA atikramaNa karatA hai arthAt vaha vANavyantara devoM se bhI adhika sukhI hotA hai| do mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha asurendra ( caramendra aura balIndra) ke sivAya (samasta) bhavanavAsI devoM kI tejolezyA kA atikramaNa karatA hai / isI prakAra tIna mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha, (asurendra sahita) asurakumAra devoM kI tejolezyA kA atikramaNa karatA hai / cAra mAsa kI dIkSA paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha grahagaNa-nakSatra - tArArUpa jyotiSka devoM kI tejolezyA kA atikramaNa karatA hai| pAMca mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha jyotiSkarAja candra aura sUrya kI tejolezyA kA atikramaNa karatA hai| chaha mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha saudharma aura IzAnakalpavAsI devoM kI tejolezyA kA atikramaNa karatA hai| sAta mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha sanatkumAra aura mAhendra devoM kI tejolezyA kA; ATha mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha brahmaloka aura lAntaka devoM kI tejolezyA kA; nau mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNanirgaMtha mahAzukra aura sahasrAra devoM kI tejolezyA kA; dasa mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta devoM kI tejolezyA kA; gyAraha mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa-nirgratha graiveyaka devoM kI tejolezyA kA aura bAraha mAsa kI dIkSA - paryAya vAlA zramaNa nirgratha anuttaraupapAtika devoM kI tejolezyA kA atikramaNa kara jAtA hai / isake bAda zukla (zuddhacAritrI) evaM parama zukla (niraticAra- vizuddhataracAritrI) hokara phira vaha siddha hotA hai, duHkhoM kA anta karatA hai / 16 I kSatriyakumAra jamAli ke dIkSA prasaMga 17 meM zramaNadharma kI mahattA ko batAte hue use iSTa, abhiSTa va rucikara kahA hai tathA nirgratha pravacana ko tathyarUpa satya va asaMdigdha mAnA hai| jamAli ke prasaMga meM zramaNa pravacana kA advitIya svarUpa batAte hue jamAli ke mAtA -1 tA-pitA kahate haiM; 'yaha nirgrathapravacana satya, anuttara, advitIya, bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 220

Page #247
paripUrNa, nyAyayukta, saMzuddha, zalya ko kATane vAlA, siddhimArga, muktimArga, niryANamArga aura nirvANamArgarUpa hai| yaha avitatha (asatyarahita, asaMdigdha) sarvaduHkhoM kA anta karane vAlA hai| isameM tatpara jIva siddha, buddha, mukta hote haiM, nirvANa prApta karate haiM evaM samasta du:khoM kA anta karate haiN| parantu yaha nigraMthadharma sarpa kI taraha ekAnta (cAritra pAlana ke prati nizcaya) dRSTi vAlA hai, chure yA khaDga Adi tIkSNa zastra kI taraha ekAnta (tIkSNa) dhAra vAlA hai| yaha lohe ke cane cabAne ke samAna duSkara hai; bAlU (reta) ke kaura (grAsa) kI taraha svAdarahita (nIrasa) hai| gaMgA Adi mahAnadI ke pratisrota meM gamana ke samAna athavA bhujAoM se mahAsamudra tairane ke samAna pAlana karane meM atIva kaThina hai| nigraMtha dharma pAlana karanA tIkSNa talavAra kI tIkhI dhAra para calanA hai; mahAzilA ko uThAne ke samAna gurutara bhAra uThAnA hai| talavAra kI tIkSNa dhAra para calane ke samAna isakA vratAcaraNa karanA (duSkara) hai| zramaNa dIkSA zramaNa dIkSA anagAradharma kA pravezadvAra hai| yaha eka artamukhI sAdhanA hai aura isa sAdhanA ke patha para vahI vyakti cala sakatA hai jisake arntamana meM vairAgya kA sAgara laharA rahA ho, jo sAMsArika vilAsoM kA tyAga kara AdhyAtmika sukhoM ko apanAnA cAhatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM kaI vyaktiyoM dvArA zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra karane kA varNana huA hai| yathA- skandaka parivrAjaka, jamAli, RSabhadatta brAhmaNa, devAnandA brAhmaNI, muni atimuktakumAra, jayantI zrAvikA Adi ke dIkSA prasaMga se AhatI dIkSA ke nimna pahaluoM para prakAza par3atA hai| vairAgya ke kAraNa jainAgamoM meM vairAgya dhAraNa ke kaI kAraNa milate haiN| uttarAdhyayana18 meM ariSTanemi pazuoM kI citkAra se upajI karuNA ke kAraNa dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM to rAjImatI pati ke mArga kA anusaraNa karatI huI vairAgya patha ko aMgIkAra karatI hai| sthAnAMgasUtra'' meM pravrajyA ke 10 kAraNa (prakAra) batAye haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM saMsAra kI nazvaratA va anityatA ke sAtha-sAtha AtmakalyANa kI bhAvanA ko vairAgya ke pramukha kAraNa ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| graMtha20 meM saMsAra kI nazvaratA va jIvana kI anityatA se udvigna jamAli kumAra mAtA-pitA se dIkSA kI anumati mA~gate hue kahate haiM- 'yaha manuSya janma, jarA, mRtyu, roga tathA zArIrika aura mAnasika aneka duHkhoM kI vedanA se aura saiMkar3oM vyasanoM (kaSToM) zramaNadIkSA evaM caryA 221

Page #248
evaM upadravoM se grasta hai| adhruva (caMcala) hai, aniyata hai, azAzvata hai, saMdhyAkAlIna bAdaloM ke raMga-sAdRzya kSaNika hai, jala-bulabuloM ke samAna hai, kuza kI noka para rahe hue jala bindu ke samAna hai, svapradarzana ke tulya hai, vidyuta-latA kI camaka ke samAna caMcala aura anitya hai| sar3ane, par3ane, galane aura vidhvaMsa hone ke svabhAva vAlA hai| pahale yA pIche ise avazya hI chor3anA pdd'egaa| ataH he mAtA-pitA ! maiM cAhatA hU~ ki ApakI anujJA mila jAe to maiM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa muMDita hokara pravrajyA aMgIkAra kara luuN|' mAtA-pitA dvArA virodha karane para punaH jIvana kI anityatA ko batAte hue kahate haiM- 'yaha mAnava-zarIra duHkhoM kA ghara hai, aneka prakAra kI saiMkar3oM vyAdhiyoM kA niketana hai, asthi-(haDDI) rUpa kASTha para khar3A huA hai, nAr3iyoM aura snAyuoM ke jAla se veSTita hai, miTTI ke bartana ke samAna durbala (nAjuka) hai| azuci (gaMdagI) se dUSita hai, isako TikAye (saMsthApita) rakhane ke lie sadaiva isakI sambhAla (vyavasthA) rakhanI par3atI hai| yaha sar3e hue zava ke samAna aura jIrNa ghara ke samAna hai| sar3anA, galanA aura naSTa honA, isakA svabhAva hai| isa zarIra ko pahale yA pIche avazya chor3anA par3egA; taba kauna jAnatA hai ki pahale kauna jAegA aura pIche kauna? isalie maiM cAhatA hU~ ki ApakI AjJA prApta hone para maiM pravrajyA grahaNa kara luuN|' bhagavatIsUtra meM jahA~ jamAli kumAra dvArA saMsAra kI anityatA ke kAraNa vairAgya dhAraNa karane kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai, vahIM skandaka parivrAjaka dvArA saMsAra kI nazvaratA ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA ke kalyANa ke lie vairAgya ko dhAraNa kiyA gyaa| skandaka parivrAjaka bhagavAn mahAvIra se nirgaMtha dharma meM pravarjita hone kI prArthanA karate hue kahate haiM- 'vRddhAvasthA va mRtyurUpI agni se yaha loka jala rahA hai| yadi kisI gRhastha ke ghara Aga laga jAya to vaha bahumUlya va alpabhAra vAle sAmAna ko pahale bAhara nikAlatA hai aura ekAMta meM le jAkara socatA hai ki yaha bacA sAmAna mere lie hitakara evaM kAma Ane vAlA hogaa| isI prakAra merI AtmA mere lie bahumUlya bhAMDa ke samAna hai, yaha mujhe iSTa, kAMta va priya hai, yaha AtmA mere lie ratna ke samAna hai| isalie ise ThaMDa, garmI na lage, bhUkha-pyAsa se yaha pIDita na ho, ise cora, sarpa, DA~sa, macchara Adi hAni na paha~cAe, roga parISaha-upasarga, AtaMka Adi ise sparza na kre| uparyukta vighnoM se rahita merI yaha AtmA mere lie paraloka meM hitakara, sukharUpa, kuzalarUpa, kalyANarUpa va anugAmIrUpa hogaa| isalie maiM pravajita honA cAhatA huuN| 222 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #249
dIkSA kI vaya (Ayu) __kucha jainAgamoM meM bAla, vRddha dIkSA kA niSedha milatA hai| nizIthabhASya22 meM bAla-pravrajyA dene meM aneka doSa batAye gaye haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM vaya kI dRSTi se dIkSA grahaNa karane ke kisI niyama kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| jisa kisI ke mana meM vairAgya kA samudra laharAyA vaha dIkSA grahaNa kara saMyamI jIvana kI ora bar3ha gyaa| zramaNa anagAradharma ke lie yogyatA kA vivecana karate hue bhagavatIsUtra23 meM kahA hai- klIboM (nAmardo), kAyaroM, kApuruSoM tathA isa loka meM Asakta aura paraloka se parAD.mukha evaM viSayabhogoM kI tRSNA vAle puruSoM ke lie, prAkRtajana (sAdhAraNa vyakti) ke lie isa nigraMthapravacana (dharma) kA AcaraNa karanA duSkara hai; parantu dhIra (sAhasika), kRtanizcaya evaM upAya meM pravRtta puruSoM ke lie isakA AcaraNa karanA kucha bhI duSkara nahIM hai |grNth meM bAla, yuvA va vRddha tInoM hI vaya ke vyaktiyoM dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke pAMcave zataka meM atimuktakumAra24 zramaNa kA saMkSipta kathAnaka varNita huA hai, jisameM kumAra zramaNa bAlaceSThA ke kAraNa varSA Rtu meM apane pAtroM ko naukA kI taraha bahAkara krIr3A kara rahe the| alpavaya meM dIkSita hone ke kAraNa hI atimukta ke lie 'kumAra zramaNa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne bhagavatI TIkA25 meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki atimuktakumAra ne chaH varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thI jabaki dIkSA ke lie nyUnatama Ayu ATha varSa mAnI gaI hai| ata: atimuktakumAra kA zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa karanA tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA isI bhava meM unake siddha-buddha hone kI ghoSaNA karanA yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki vairAgya kI tIvratA hone para Ayu usameM bAdhaka nahIM hotI hai| graMtha meM yuvAdIkSA ke bhI udAharaNa milate haiN| kSatriyakumAra jamAli va rAjakumAra mahAbala dvArA yuvAvasthA ke prAraMbha meM hI zramaNadIkSA ko aMgIkAra kiyA gyaa| RSabhadatta brAhmaNa va devAnandA brAhmaNI ko zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA svayaM pravajita kiyA jAnA vRddha dIkSA ke udAharaNa haiN|28 dIkSA grahaNa ke pazcAt saMyama, tapa va anta meM saMlekhanApUrvaka saMthArA kara donoM siddha-buddha-mukta hote haiN| graMtha meM Aye ye sabhI udAharaNa isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki zramaNa dIkSA kA saMbaMdha vaya kI apekSA vairAgya kI tIvratA se hai| vairAgya kI tIvra bhAvanA hone para kisI bhI Ayu kA vyakti dIkSA aMgIkAra kara mukti kA mArga prazasta kara sakatA hai| zramaNadIkSA evaM caryA 223

Page #250
dIkSA ke lie anumati zramaNa paramparA meM yaha niyama rahA hai ki pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke lie dIkSArthI ko mAtA-pitA yA unake maujUda na hone para anya abhibhAvaka kI anumati prApta karanI Avazyaka hotI hai| yadyapi vairAgya kI prabala bhAvanA ke kAraNa hI dIkSArthI sAdhanA ke patha para Age bar3hatA hai parantu agara usameM mAtA-pitA yA abhibhAvakoM kI anumati prApta ho jAya to usa mArga para prasannatA se bar3hA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM mAtA-pitA kI anumati prApta na hone ke kAraNa tIsa varSa gRhasthAzrama meM bitaaye| unake divaMgata hone ke bAda hI dIkSA grahaNa kI kSatriyakumAra jamAli bhI aneka tarkoM dvArA saMsAra kI asAratA kA nirUpaNa kara mAtA-pitA se dIkSA kI anumati mAMgatA hai - amma! tAo! tubbhehiM abbhaNuNNAe samANe samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa aMtiyaM muMDe bhavittA agArAo aNagariyaM pavvaittae - (9.33.33) / mahAbala kumAra bhI vairAgya utpanna ho jAne para mAtA-pitA se anumati mAMgatA hai tathA mAtA-pitA kI icchA se eka dina ke lie rAjyazrI ko dhAraNa kara phira zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai| isI prakAra zivarAjarSi dvArA dizAprokSakatApasadIkSA grahaNa karane se pUrva svajana tathA mitrajana se anumati prApta kI gii| bhagavatIsUtra meM kisI bhI aise vyakti kA udAharaNa nahIM prApta hotA jisameM dIkSA grahaNa karane se pUrva mAtA-pitA kI anumati na lI ho| hA~ koI sanyAsI yA aisA vyakti jo apanA sarvesarvA ho to use kisI se anumati lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| jaise skandaka parivrAjaka svayaM akele hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samIpa Akara zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra karate haiN| dIkSA abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava ___ bhagavatIsUtra ke adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki sAdhaka jaba zramaNa dIkSA dhAraNa karanA cAhatA hai to vaha cupacApa athavA nIrasa vAtAvaraNa meM dIkSA nahIM letA apitu vyavasthita rUpa se abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava manAyA jAtA hai aura harSa, ullAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM zramaNadIkSA hotI hai| jamAli ke vaibhavazAlI dIkSA abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava kA yaha varNana dRSTavya hai___ 'sarvaprathama jamAli kA 108 svarNAdi-kalazoM se sarvaRddhi ke sAtha niSkramaNAbhiSeka kiyA gyaa| rajoharaNa va pAtra maMgavAye gaye, nApita ko bulAyA gayA tathA niSkramaNa ke yogya cAra aMgula agrakeza ko chor3akara zeSa keza kATe gye| jamAli kI mAtA dvArA una agrakezoM ko kumAra ke antima darzana rUpa 224 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #251
samajhakara grahaNa kiyA gyaa| isake pazcAt kumAra ko snAna karavAkara gozIrSa candana Adi kA lepa kiyA gayA, bahumUlya AbhUSaNoM va vastroM se kumAra ko susajjita kiyA gyaa| tatpazcAt jamAlikumAra hajAra puruSoM dvArA uThAI jAne vAlI zivikA (pAlakI) meM mAtA, dhAya mAtA ke sAtha baitthe| unake pIche-pIche unake pitA, caturaMgiNI senA evaM bhaTAdivarga cala rahe the| atyaMta ThATha-bATha, rAjacihnoM evaM sabhI prakAra ke janavarga ke sAtha abhinandana va stavana kiye jAte hue kumAra dvArA bahuzAlaka udyAna ke nikaTa pahu~cakara svayaM hI apane AbhUSaNa, mAlA alaMkAra Adi utAra diye gye| tatpazcAt paMcamuSThi locakara zramaNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| rAjakumAra mahAbala va rAjA udAyana ke dIkSA-mahotsava kA bhI isI vaibhava ke sAtha varNana huA hai| sudarzana zreSThI, skandaka parivrAjaka; RSabhadatta brAhmaNa Adi kI dIkSA kA varNana sAmAnya hai| devAnandA va jayantI ke dIkSA prasaMga se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki strI ko dIkSA dete samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM unheM muMDita na karake AryA candanA ko sauMpa dete the| vahI unheM pravajita karatI thiiN| zramaNa jIvanacaryA zramaNa kI jIvanacaryA atyanta kaThina hai tathA zramaNa jIvana ke AcAra kA pAlana karanA bhI durlabha hai| zramaNa nirantara isa caryA va AcAra kA pAlana kara UrdhvamukhI vikAsa karatA huA, apanI AtmA ko vibhAva se haTAkara svabhAva meM ramaNa karatA hai aura anta meM siddha-buddha-mukta ho jAtA hai| kintu, isa antima lakSya ko prApta karanA itanA AsAna kArya nahIM hai isake lie zramaNa anagAra ko saMyamI jIvana meM eka kramabaddha-caryA kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| jainAgama sAhitya meM zramaNa kI jIvana-caryA ke bAre meM vistAra se varNana prApta hote haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM skandaka parivrAjaka ke prakaraNa meM zramaNa jIvanacaryA kA jIvanta citra prastuta huA hai| isase saMyamI jIvana kA sUkSma va kramabaddha varNana hamAre samakSa upasthita ho jAtA hai| draSTavya hai___'skandaka parivrAjaka dvArA anurodha karane para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne use pravajita kiyaa| use pratilekhanA Adi kriyAe~ sikhAIM, sUtra kA pATha par3hAyA, jJAnAdi AcAra, gocara, vinaya, vinaya kA phala, cAritra, piNDa-vizuddha Adi karaNa tathA saMyama yAtrA ke nirvAhaka AhArAdi kI mAtrA ke grahaNa rUpa dharma ko smjhaayaa| yatanApUrvaka calane, khar3e rahane, baiThane, sone, khAne, bolane tathA prANI, jIvAdi ke prati sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bartAva karane va pramAda na karane kI zikSA dii| skandaka muni zramaNadIkSA evaM caryA 225

Page #252
bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmopadezoM ko svIkAra kara usI ke anusAra AcaraNa karane lge| ve IryAsamiti Adi ATha samitiyoM kA samyak rUpa se pAlana karane lage tathA mana, vacana, kAya- ina tIna guptiyoM se gupta rahane lge| brahmacArI, tyAgI, saMyamI, puNyavAna, kSamAvAna, jitendriyavratoM Adi ke zodhaka, nidAnarahita, AkAMkSArahita, utAvala se dUra, saMyamIcitta vAle, zreSTha sAdhuvratoM meM lIna, dAnta skandaka muni isa nigraMtha AcaraNa ko sammukha rakhakara vicaraNa karane lge| sthaviroM ke pAsa sAmAyika Adi gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt unakA kaThora tapasvI jIvana isa prakAra prAraMbha huA- 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AjJA lekara unhoMne bAraha bhikSupratimAoM ko krama se aMgIkAra kiyaa| antima 'ekarAtrikI' bhikSupratimA kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt unhoMne 'guNaratnasaMvatsara' nAmaka tapazcaraNa ko aMgIkAra kiyA tathA kalpAnusAra usakI pUrI ArAdhanA kii| isake pazcAt aneka upavAsa, belA, telA, caulA, pacaulA, mAsakhamaNa, arddhamAsakhamaNa ityAdi vividha prakAra ke tapoM se AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vicarane lge| isa prakAra ke ugra tapazcaraNa se unakA zarIra atyaMta kRza ho gayA lekina ve tapa ke teja se puSTa the| eka rAtri meM skandaka muni ko saMlekhanApUrvaka saMthArA grahaNa karane kI bhAvanA huii| agale dina bhagavAn mahAvIra kI AjJA se saMlekhanA saMthArA karake, bhakta-pAna kA sarvathA tyAga karake pAdapopagamana anazana karake, mRtyu kI AkAMkSA na karate hue, eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA se apanI AtmA ko saMlikhita karake, sATha bhakta kA tyAgarUpa anazana karake, AlocanA aura pratikramaNa kara, samAdhi prApta kara kAladharma ko prApta hue|' ___ kAlAsyaveSi putra anagAra ke prasaMga meM zramaNa kI caryA ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai| 'kAlAsyaveSiputra anagAra ne bahuta varSoM taka zramaNa paryAya kA pAlana kiyaa| nanabhAva, muNDabhAva, asnAna, adantadhAvana, chatravarjana, pairoM me jUte na pahananA, bhUmizayana, phalaka para zayyA, kASTha para zayana, kezalocana, brahmacaryavAsa, bhikSArtha gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM praveza, lAbha-alAbha sahanA, anukUla-pratikUla indriya samUha ke lie kaNTakasama cubhane vAle zabdAdi 22 parISahoM ko sahana karanA Adi ina saba sAdhanAoM ko svIkAra kiyaa|4 saMdarbha 1. zAstrI, devendramuni- jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pR. 3-6 2. AcArAMganiyukti, gA. 16 226 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #253
11. 3. jaina, premasumana- jaina dharma aura jIvana mUlya, pR. 4 4. 'zrAmyantIta zramaNAH tapasyantItyarthaH' - dazavaikAlikavRtti, 1.3 sUtrakRtAMga, 'gAhA', adhyayana 16 6. 'na vi muNDieNa samaNo......samayAye samaNo hoi- uttarAdhyayana, 25.31, 32 uttarAdhyayana, 8.2 pravacanasAra, 3.41 vyA. sU., 1.9.17-18 10. vyA. sU., 1.1.11 mUlAcAra, 2.120 12. dhavalA 9/4,1,67/323/7 13. 'suttA amuNI muNiNo sayA jAgaraMti' - AcArAMga, muni madhukara, 1.3.1.106, pR. 85 14. uttarAdhyayana, 9.40 15. 'niggaMthe pavayaNe aTe, ayaM paramaTe, sese aNaTe' - vyA. sU., 2.5.11 16. vahI, 14.9.17 17. vahI, 9.33.30, 31, 33, 43 18. uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 22 19. sthAnAMga, muni madhukara, 10.15, pR. 694 20. vyA. sU., 9.33.36, 38, 40, 42 21. vahI, 2.1.34 22. (ka) nizIthabhASya, 11.3531,32 (kha) nizIthasUtra, muni madhukara, pR. 236 23. vahI,9.33.44 24. vyA. sU., 5.4.17 25. 'chabbariso pavvaio' - vyA. prajJapti TIkA, 5.4 26. zAstrI, devendramuni- jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pR. 445 27. vyA. sU., 9.33.82, 11.11.57 28. vahI, 9.33.16-20 vahI, 15.1.21 30. vahI, 11.11.55, 57 31. vahI, 11.9.11 32. vyA. sU., 9.33.47-82 33. vahI, 2.1.35-51 34. vahI, 1.9.24 29. zramaNadIkSA evaM caryA 227

Page #254
zramaNAcAra jaina zramaNoM kI AcAra saMhitA anya bhAratIya paramparA kI AcAra saMhitA se atyanta kaThora hai| jaina zramaNAcAra saMhitA kA bhavana saMyama va tapa ke kaThora niyamoM para khar3A hai| jainAgamoM meM zramaNoM ke AcAra para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ina graMthoM meM zramaNoM ko asatya bhASA-tyAga, kaSAyoM para niyaMtraNa tathA sAdhanA meM ekAgratA kA sammilita saMdeza diyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM zramaNa jIvana ke lie pAlanIya bAhya va AbhyAntara donoM hI AcAroM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zastraparijJA' nAmaka adhyayana meM jahA~ jIva hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, vahIM 'zItoSNIya' nAmaka adhyayana meM parISahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kara saMyama sAdhanA meM dRr3ha rahane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| nauvAM adhyayana 'upadhAnazruta' zramaNa jIvana meM tapa kI mahimA ko pratipAdita karatA hai| isake atirikta AcArAMga meM zramaNoM ke azana, vasana, pAtra, nivAsa, bhikSA saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA bhI varNana huA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM zramaNa ke lie AcaraNIya samiti, parISahajaya, kaSAyajaya Adi kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM mahAvrata, aSTapravacanamAtA, pratyAkhyAna, tapa, prAyazcita, AlocanA, sevA, svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| uttarAdhyayana zramaNa ke AcAra kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA pramukha graMtha hai| isameM sAdhaka ko jAgarUka rahane va tanika bhI pramAda na karane kA saMdeza diyA gayA hai| zramaNa ke AcAra ko pratipAdita karane vAle graMthoM meM dazavaikAlika kA apanA mukhya sthAna hai| dazavaikAlika meM saMveda, nirveda, viveka, suzIla-saMsarga, ArAdhanA, tapa, jJAna-darzana-cAritra, vinaya, zAnti va mArdava ye zramaNa ke lakSaNa batAye haiN| isake atirikta vyavahArasUtra, nizIthasUtra, dazAzrutaskandha Adi granthoM meM bhI zramaNoM ke AcAra-vyavahAra kA varNana prApta hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM zramaNAcAra bhagavatIsUtra meM eka ora jahA~ jaina darzana ke pramukha siddhAntoM- SaDdravya, anekAntavAda, syAdvAda, jJAna ke bheda-prabheda Adi kA vistAra se vivecana hai, vahIM dUsarI ora zramaNadharma ke pramukha AcAra va vratoM kA bhI isameM vistAra se 228 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #255
pratipAdana huA hai| vratAtmaka AcAra meM paMcamahAvrata, samiti, gupti, vyAvahArAtmaka AcAra meM samAcArI Adi sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra kA tathA vizeSa zramaNAcAra meM parISaha, tapa, pratyAkhyAna, saMlekhanA-saMthArA Adi kA vistRta varNana hai| ArAdhanA : ratnatraya kI sAdhanA jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra kI niraticAra rUpa se anupAlanA karanA ArAdhanA hai| bhagavatIsUtra' meM ArAdhanA ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM; 1. jJAna ArAdhanA, 2. darzana ArAdhanA, 3. cAritra aaraadhnaa| ArAdhanA ke ukta tIna bheda ratnatraya ke sUcaka haiN| ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA jaina AcAra saMhitA kA mukhya sopAna hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne samyak jJAna, samyak darzana evaM samyak cAritra ko mokSa-mArga kahA hai| jJAna ArAdhanA- mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryava evaM kevalajJAna ina pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna yA jJAnAdhAra zruta (zAstrAdi) kI kAla, vinaya, bahumAna Adi ATha jJAnAcAra-sahita nirdoSa rIti se pAlanA karanA jJAnArAdhanA hai| jJAna ke AdhAra para hI vyakti kA AcaraNa phalita hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM pratyAkhyAna ke antargata kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha jJAna ko bhI mahattva diyA gayA hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM kriyA zuddha nahIM hotI hai| isI bAta ko samajhAte hue vahA~ kahA gayA hai- kisI vyakti dvArA yaha kahane mAtra se ki 'maiMne sarva prANa, bhUta, jIva Adi kI hiMsA kA parityAga kiyA hai| usakA pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna nahIM hotA hai| jaba taka use yaha jJAna nahIM hotA ki ye jIva haiM, ye ajIva haiM, ye trasa haiM, ye sthAvara haiM taba taka usakA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai| jisa puruSa ko jIva-ajIva trasa-sthAvara kA jJAna hotA hai agara vaha sarvaprANa, bhUta, jIva Adi kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna kare to usakA pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna hotA hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM pratyAkhyAna kA yathAvat pAlana nahIM hotA hai ataH vaha pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna rahatA hai, supratyAkhyAna nahIM hotA hai|' zramaNa ke vyAvahArika jIvana meM samyak jJAna kI atyaMta upayogitA hai| vyavahAra meM samyak jJAna kI upayogitA hetu bhagavatIsUtra meM paMcavidha vyavahAra kA nirUpaNa huA hai jisake AdhAra para zramaNa yathocita samyak pravRtti va nivRtti meM saMlagna ho sakate haiN| paMcavidha vyavahAra AdhyAtmika jagata meM vyavahAra se tAtparya mumukSuoM kI yathocita samyak pravRtti-nivRtti athavA usakA kAraNabhUta, jJAna vizeSa se hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM vyavahAra ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM; zramaNAcAra 229

Page #256
__ 1. Agama vyavahAra, 2. zruta vyavahAra, 3. AjJA vyavahAra, 4. dhAraNA vyavahAra, 5. jIta vyavahAra sAdhu jIvana ke lie upayogI ina pA~ca vyavahAroM kI maryAdA kA nirUpaNa karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa sAdhu ke pAsa Agama vyavahAra ho use Agama vyavahAra se pravRtti-nivRtti (vyavahAra) karanI caahiye| jisake pAsa Agama na ho use zruta vyavahAra se, jisake pAsa zruta na ho to use AjJA vyavahAra se, jisake pAsa AjJA na ho use jisa prakAra kI dhAraNA ho usa dhAraNA se, tathA jisake pAsa dhAraNA bhI na ho, use jisa prakAra kA jIta vyavahAra ho usa jIta vyavahAra se calanA caahiye| samyak prakAra se rAgadveSa se rahita vyavahAra karatA huA zramaNa nigraMtha (tIrthaMkara kI) AjJA kA ArAdhaka hotA hai| darzana ArAdhanA- zaMkA, kAMkSA Adi aticAroM ko na lagAte hue niHzaMkita, niSkAMkSita Adi ATha darzanAcAroM kA zuddhatApUrvaka pAlana karate hue samyaktva kI ArAdhanA darzana ArAdhanA hai| darzana ArAdhanA se tAtparya samyak darzana se hai| samyak darzana kA svarUpa batAte hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai- tameva saccaM nIsaMkaM jaM jiNehi paveditaM - (1.3.6) arthAt vahI satya hai jo jinendroM dvArA prarUpita kiyA gayA hai| darzana ArAdhanA se vyakti meM sahI va galata kA viveka jAgrata hotA hai| yahI viveka jJAna ArAdhanA evaM cAritra ArAdhanA meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isalie bhagavatIsUtra meM darzana ArAdhanA ke pAlaka ko hI saccA ArAdhaka kahA hai| darzana ArAdhanA ke pAMca aticAra batAye haiM 1. zaMkA- tattva ke viSaya meM sandeha, jaise- pAnI meM jIva hai yA ajIva? ityaadi| 2. kAMkSA- kutattva kI aakaaNkssaa| 3. vicikitsA- dhArmika ArAdhanA ke phala ke viSaya meM sandeha, udAharaNArtha- tapasyA karane se karmamukti hogI yA nahIM? 4. bheda- tattva yA satya ke prati mati kA dvaita, anirNAyaka sthiti kA honaa| 5. kaluSa- tattva ke prati nirmala buddhi kA abhAva cAritra ArAdhanA- sAmAyika Adi cAritroM athavA samiti-gupti, vratamahAvratAdi rUpa cAritra kA niraticAra vizuddha pAlana karanA cAritrArAdhanA hai| graMtha meM cAritra ArAdhanA ko mahattva dete hue kahA gayA hai ki jo zruta sampanna hone ke 230 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #257
sAtha-sAtha zIla sampanna arthAt AcArayukta hai, vahI saccA ArAdhaka hotA hai| arthAt akele jJAna se vyakti dharma kA vijJAtA nahIM hotA hai jJAnavAna ke sAtha jaba zIlavAna bhI hotA hai tabhI vaha pApAdi se uparata, dharma kA vijJAtA tathA sarvaArAdhaka kahalAtA hai| vastutaH jJAna, darzana aura cAritra sAtha-sAtha Age bar3hate haiN| jaina AcAra saMhitA kA pAlana ina tInoM kI sammilita ArAdhanA dvArA hI saMbhava hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra ArAdhanA ke punaH tIna-tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM- 1. utkRSTa, 2. madhyama aura 3. jghny| ratnatraya kI ukta trividha ArAdhanAoM ke utkRSTa phala kA vivecana karate hue bhagavatIvRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki utkRSTa jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA vAle katipaya sAdhaka usI bhava meM tathA katipaya do (bIca meM eka deva aura eka manuSya kA) bhava grahaNa karake mokSa jAte haiN| kaI jIva kalpopapanna yA kalpAtIta devalokoM meM, vizeSataH utkRSTa cAritrArAdhanA vAle ekamAtra kalpAtIta devalokoM meM utpanna hote haiN| madhyama jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA vAle kaI jIva jaghanya do bhava grahaNa karake utkRSTataH tIsare bhava meM (bIca meM do bhava devoM ke karake) avazya mokSa jAte haiN| isI taraha jaghanyataH jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA karane vAle katipaya jIva jaghanya tIsare bhava meM, utkRSTataH sAta yA ATha bhavoM meM avazyameva mokSa jAte haiN| ye sAta bhava devasambandhI aura ATha bhava cAritrasambandhI manuSya ke samajhane caahie| paMcamahAvrata bhagavatIsUtra meM zramaNoM ke AcAra varNana meM paMcamahAvratoM ke svarUpa kA kramika varNana nahIM milatA hai| pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa cAturyAma dharma ke badale paMcamahAvratAtmaka dharma ko svIkAra karane kA varNana avazya huA hai| skandaka muni ke prasaMga meM jitendriyavratoM va zreSTha sAdhuvratoM kA ullekha huA hai| inakA tAtparya saMbhavataH paMcamahAvratoM se hI hai| isake atirikta skandakamuni dvArA saMlekhanApUrvaka samAdhi maraNa ke prasaMga meM paMcamahAvratoM kI AropaNA kA ullekha bhI AtA hai| jainAgamoM meM pAMca mahAvratoM ke nAma isa prakAra batAye gaye 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. acaurya, 4. brahmacarya, 5. aparigraha ___ ahiMsA- mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kArita-anumodanA se kisI bhI paristhiti meM trasa yA sthAvara jIvoM ko duHkhI na karanA ahiMsA-mahAvrata hai| zramaNAcAra 231

Page #258
satya- krodha, hAsya, lAbha yA bhaya ke maujUda hone para bhI jhUTha nahIM bolanA, sadA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka hitakArI sArthaka va priya vacana bolanA, satya - mahAvrata hai| acaurya vrata - tuccha se tuccha vastu ko bhI adatta nahIM grahaNa karanA acauryavrata hai| acaurya vrata bhI mana-vacana-kAya se kRta- kArita-anumodita honA caahiye| isake atirikta jo vastu grahaNa kI jAya vaha nirdoSa va eSaNIya ho / brahmacarya - deva, manuSya aura tiryaMca saMbaMdhI maithuna kA mana-vacana va kAyA se tyAga karanA, brahmacarya vrata hai / aparigraha - dhanya-dhAnya evaM preSyavarga - dAsa-dAsI Adi se saMbaMdhita parigraha kA tyAga aparigraha vrata hai / zramaNa parigraha ko mana, vacana aura karma se na svayaM saMgraha karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai aura na karane vAle kA anumodana hI karatA hai| zramaNa kA eka paryAya nigraMtha hai, jisakA artha hai - graMthi rahita / arthAt jisake parigraha kI graMthi nahIM hotI hai, vaha nigraMtha hai / samiti va gupti (aSTapravacanamAtA ) I mahAvratoM kI surakSA ke lie samiti va gupti kA vidhAna hai| samiti va gupti kA sammilita nAma 'pravacana mAtA' hai / ' uttarAdhyayana" meM kahA gayA hai ki jinadeva praNIta siddhAnta 12 aMgagraMthoM meM samAviSTa haiM / gupti va samiti kA samyak rUpa se pAlana karane vAlA sAdhu hI guru paramparA se prApta dvAdazAMgI ke jJAna ko surakSita rakha sakatA hai ataH mAtA kI taraha jinadeva praNIta siddhAntoM kI surakSA karane vAlI samiti va gupti ko pravacanamAtA kahA hai| samiti - zramaNa kI cAritra meM jo samyak pravRtti hotI hai, vaha samiti hai / bhagavatIsUtra " meM ATha samitiyoM kA ullekha huA hai 1. IryAsamiti, 2. bhASAsamiti, 3. eSaNAsamiti, 4. AdAnabhANDamAtranikSepaNasamiti, 5. uccAra-prasravaNa- khelajalla-siMghANapariSThApanikA samiti, 6. manasamiti, 7. vacanasamiti, 8. kAyasamiti / sthAnAMgasUtra'' meM bhI ina ATha samitiyoM kA ullekha huA hai| ina AThoM ko samiti kahA gayA hai, isako spaSTa karate hue uttarAdhyayana TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki guptiyA~ kevala nivRttyAtmaka hI nahIM hotI, pravRttyAtmaka bhI hotI haiM / isa dRSTi se unheM bhI samiti kahA gayA hai| gupti - AcArya umAsvAti 14 ne gupti ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki mana, vacana va kAya kA prazasta nigraha gupti hai / bhagavatIsUtra' meM tIna guptiyoM kA ullekha huA hai; 232 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #259
1. mana gupti, 2. vacana gupti, 3. kAya gupti samiti va gupti ke mahattva ko batAte hue mUlArAdhanA " meM kahA gayA hai ki samitiyoM kA dRr3hatA se pAlana karane vAlA zramaNa vividha kArya karatA huA bhI pApoM se usI prakAra lipta nahIM hotA hai jaise kavaca pahane hue yoddhA para tIkSNa bANa asara nahIM karate haiN| jisa taraha kSetra kI rakSA ke lie bAr3a yA nagara kI rakSA hetu khAI hotI hai, vaise hI pApa ke nirundhana ke lie guptiyA~ upayogI haiN| samiti aura gupti ke abhAva meM mahAvrata surakSita nahIM raha sakate / pratisevanA pApa yA doSoM se hone vAlI cAritra kI virAdhanA ko pratisevanA kahate haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM pratisevanA ke dasa prakAra batAye gaye haiM / 1. darpapratisevanA (ahaMkArapUrvaka hone vAlI saMyama kI virAdhanA ) 2. pramAdapratisevanA (madya, viSaya - kaSAya, nidrA, vikathA Adi pramAdoM ke sevana se hone vAlI saMyama kI virAdhanA ) 3. anAbhogapratisevanA (anajAne meM ho jAne vAlI saMyama kI virAdhanA ) 4. AturapratisevanA ( bhUkha, pyAsa, roga, vyAdhi Adi kisI pIr3A se vyAkulatAvaza saMyama kI virAdhanA ) 5. ApatapratisevanA ( kisI Apatti yA saMkaTa Ane para kI gaI saMyama kI virAdhanA ) 6. saMkIrNapratisevanA ( svapakSa aura parapakSa se hone vAlI sthAna kI taMgI ke kAraNa saMyama maryAdA meM doSa laganA) 7. sahasAkArapratisevanA (binA pratilekhanA kiye acAnaka doSayukta pravRtti karanA) 8. bhayapratisevanA ( siMha Adi ke bhaya se saMyama kI virAdhanA karanA) 9. pradveSapratisevanA (kisI ke prati krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke kAraNa saMyama kI virAdhanA karanA) 10. vimarzapratisevanA (ziSya kI parIkSA Adi ke lie vicArapUrvaka kI gaI saMyama kI virAdhanA ) AlocanA 18 pratisevanA ke kisI bhI prakAra ke kAraNa agara saMyama kI virAdhanA hotI hai taba apanA doSa saralatApUrvaka gurujanoM ke samakSa prakaTa karanA AlocanA hai / zramaNAcAra 233

Page #260
sAmAnyatayA AlocanA kA artha hai, apane doSoM ko bhalI prakAra se dekhnaa| AlocanA kI prakriyA meM sAdhaka pahale svayaM apane mana meM jAne-anajAne meM lage doSoM kA vicAra karatA hai, phira una doSoM ke ucita prAyazcita ke lie AcArya yA bar3e sAdhu ke samakSa nivedana karatA hai| zramaNa ke jIvana meM AlocanA kA atyanta mahattva hai| AlocanA ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai- yadi bhikSu akRtya (pApa) kA sevana karake usakI AlocanA tathA pratikramaNa kiye binA hI mara jAtA hai to vaha virAdhaka hotA hai| kintu, kisI prakAra ke pApa kA sevana karane vAlA bhikSu usakI AlocanA va pratikramaNa karake kAla karatA hai to vaha ArAdhaka hotA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM madhukaramuni ne likhA hai ki jIvana meM pavitratA tabhI rahegI jaba doSa ko prakaTa kara usakA yathocita prAyazcita kiyA jaay| AlocanA karane se sAdhaka mAyA, nidAna aura mithyAdarzana rUpa tIna zalyoM ko antarmAnasa se nikAla dUra kara detA hai| kAMTA nikalane se hRdaya meM sukhAnubhUti hotI hai, vaise hI pApa ko prakaTa karane se bhI jIvana niHzalya bana jAtA hai| jo sAdhaka pApa karake bhI AlocanA nahIM karatA hai, usakI sArI AdhyAtmika kriyAe~ bekAra ho jAtI haiN| AlocanA ke dasa doSa jAne-anajAne meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA karanA sAdhaka ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai lekina jo sAdhaka dhUrtatA va cAlAkI se AlocanA karate haiM unakI AlocanA doSapUrNa hotI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM AlocanA ke dasa doSa isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM; 1. Akampya- prasanna hone se gurudeva mujhe thor3A prAyazcita deMge, aisA socakara unheM sevA Adi se prasanna karake phira AlocanA karanA athavA kAMpate hue AlocanA krnaa| 2. anumAnya- anumAnya arthAt bilkula choTA aparAdha batAne se gurudeva mujhe thor3A prAyazcita deMge, aisA anumAna karake apane aparAdha ko bahuta hI choTA (aNu) karake btaanaa| 3. dRSTa- jisa doSa ko guru Adi ne sevana karate dekha liyA, usI kI AlocanA krnaa| ___4. bAdara- kevala bar3e-bar3e aparAdhoM kI AlocanA karanA aura choTe aparAdhoM kI AlocanA na krnaa| 234 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #261
5. sUkSma- kevala choTe-choTe aparAdhoM kI AlocanA krnaa| 6. channa- adhika lajjA ke kAraNa AlocanA ke samaya avyakta-zabda bolate hue AlocanA krnaa| 7. zabdAkula- zabdAkula hokara uccasvara meM bolnaa| 8. bahujana- eka hI doSa yA aticAra kI aneka sAdhuoM ke pAsa AlocanA krnaa| 9. avyakta- agItArtha ke samakSa AlocanA krnaa| 10. tatsevI- jisa doSa kI AlocanA karanI ho, usI doSa kA sevana karane vAle AcArya yA bar3e sAdhu ke samakSa usakI AlocanA krnaa| AlocanA karane vAle zramaNa ke guNa dasa guNoM se yukta zramaNa anagAra apane doSoM kI AlocanA karane yogya hotA __ 1. jAti sampanna, 2. kula sampanna, 3. vinaya sampanna, 4. jJAna sampanna, 5. darzana sampanna, 6. cAritra sampanna, 7. kSamAzIla, 8. dAnta, 9. amAyI, 10. apazcAtApI AlocanA sunane vAle sAdhaka ke guNa zramaNa ko apane doSoM kI AlocanA kisI yogya AcArya ke samakSa karanI caahiye| AlocanA ko sunakara usake lie prAyazcita dene vAle sAdhaka ke ATha guNa batAye gaye haiM; ___ 1. AcAravAna, 2. AdhAravAna, 3. vyavahAravAna, 4. apavrIDaka, 5. prakurvaka, 6. aparisrAvI, 7. niryApaka, 8. apAyadarzI sthAnAMgasUtra meM AlocanA sunane vAle sAdhaka ke 10 guNa batAye haiN| vahA~ priyadharmI va dRr3hadharmI ina do guNoM kA bhI ullekha hai| samAcArI samAcArI jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| samAcArI zramaNoM kA vaha vizeSa kriyAkalApa hai, jo zramaNoM ke lie maulika niyamoM kI taraha anivArya hai| samAcArI zabda kA prayoga zramaNoM ke vyAvahArAtmaka AcAra ke lie kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa jIvana kI dina rAta meM jitanI bhI pravRttiyA~ haiM, ve sabhI 'samAcArI' zabda se vyavahata kI gaI haiN| bhagavatIvRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki samAcArI sAdhu ke AcAra pAlana meM upayogI AcAra paddhati hai (bhagavatI prameya candrikA TIkA bhAga-16, pR. 415-416) vastutaH samAcArI saMghIya jIvana jIne kI zreSTha kalA hai| isase paraspara zramaNAcAra 235

Page #262
ekatA kI bhAvanA tathA saMghIya zakti vikasita hotI hai / uttarAdhyayana23 meM dasa prakAra kI samAcArI kA varNana huA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM samAcArI ke dasa prakAra nimna batAye gaye haiM / 1. icchAkAra, 2. mithyAkAra, 3. tathAkAra, 4. AvazyakI, 5. naiSedhikI, 6. ApRcchanA, 7. pratipRcchanA, 8. chandanA, 9. nimaMtraNA, 10. upasampadA icchAkAra- isa samAcArI ke anusAra eka sAdhu dUsare sAdhu kI icchA jAnakara kArya kare, athavA dUsarA sAdhu apane guru yA bar3e sAdhu kI icchA jAnakara kArya kre| isase saMghIya anuzAsana banA rahatA hai / mithyAkAra- saMyamapAlana karate hue yadi koI viparIta AcaraNa ho gayA ho to 'micchA mi dukkaDaM' arthAt merA yaha duSkRta mithyA ho, yaha kahakara sAdhu prAyazcita karatA hai I tathAkAra - gurujana ke nirdeza, upadeza yA vyAkhyAna zravaNa se ziSya ke mana meM apUrva AhlAda hokara yaha zabda phUTanA ki jo Apane kahA hai vaha pUrNarUpa se satya hai| AvazyakI - Avazyaka kArya ke lie upAzraya se bAhara nikalate samaya 'Avassai Avassai' kahanA / naiSedhikI- bAhara lauTakara upAzraya meM praveza karane para nisIhi - nisI hi kahanA / arthAt jisa kArya ke lie maiM bAhara gayA thA, usa kArya se nivRtta hokara A gayA hU~ / ApRcchanA- kisI kArya meM pravRtta hone se pUrva gurudeva se pUchanA 'bhagavan maiM yaha kArya karU~?' ApRcchanA samAcArI hai| pratipRcchanA - pahale guru ne agara kisI kArya kA niSedha kiyA ho, kintu Avazyaka hone ke kAraNa usa kArya meM pravRtta hone ke lie puna: guru ko pUchanA pratipRcchanA samAcArI hai / chandanA - lAye hue AhAra ke lie dUsare sAdhuoM ko AmaMtraNa denA chandanA samAcArI hai| nimaMtraNA - AhAra lAne ke lie dUsare sAdhuoM se pUchanA nimaMtraNA samAcArI hai| upasampadA - jJAnAdi prApta karane ke lie guru kI AjJA prApta kara apanA gaNa chor3akara vizeSa AgamajJa guru ke yA AcArya ke sAnidhya meM rahanA, upasampada samAcArI hai| 4 236 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #263
prAyazcita24 bhagavatIsUtra meM pratisevanA, doSAlocanA, AlocanArha, samAcArI, prAyazcita va tapa ina chaH dvAroM ko prAyazcita se saMbaMdhita mAnA hai| prAyazcita kA ullekha tapa ke bAraha bhedoM meM bhI huA hai| prAyazcita kA artha hai pApa kA vizodhana krnaa| rAjavArtika meM prAyazcita ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai- aparAdhau vA prAyaH citaM zuddhiH - (9.22.1) prAyasa cittaM- prAyazcita aparAdha vishuddhiH| prAyaH kA artha hai aparAdha va citta se tAtparya hai zodhana arthAt jisa kriyA se pApa kI zuddhi ho, vaha kriyA prAyazcita hai| mAnava kabhI-kabhI pramAdavaza doSoM kA sevana kara letA hai| una doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie prayAsa karanA tathA bhaviSya meM phira kabhI usa prakAra kA doSa na lage isake lie kRtasaMkalpa honA hI prAyazcita hai| prAyazcita ke dasa prakAra batAye gaye haiM AlocanAha- saMyama meM lage hue doSoM ko guru ke samakSa spaSTa vacanoM meM saralatApUrvaka prakaTa karanA AlocanAI hai| pratikramaNArha- jina pApa yA doSoM kI zuddhi pratikramaNa se ho jAtI hai, pratikramaNArha hai| tadubhayArha- jina doSoM kI zuddhi ke lie AlocanA va pratikramaNa donoM anivArya haiN| vivekArha- AdhAkarmAdi doSayukta AhArAdi ko savidhi paraThanA vivekArha vyutsargArha- nadI Adi ko pAra karane meM tathA mArga Adi meM calane se asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa yadi koI doSa laga gayA ho to kAyotsarga kara usa doSa kI vizuddhi karanA vyutsargArha hai| tapArha- jisa doSa kI zuddhi tapa se ho use tapArha kahA jAtA hai| chedArha- jisa prAyazcita meM doSa kI vizuddhi ke lie dIkSA-paryAya kA chedana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha chedAha hai| mUlAha- kabhI-kabhI prabala doSa ke sevana se pUrvagRhIta dIkSA naSTa ho jAtI hai, aise doSa kI vizuddhi ke lie punaH mahAvrata lie jAte haiM, vaha mUlAI prAyazcita hai| __ anavasthApyAha- jisa prabala doSa kI vizuddhi ke lie anavasthApita honA par3atA hai arthAt zramaNaveSa ko chor3akara gRhasthaveSa dhAraNa kara tapa kiyA jAtA zramaNAcAra 237

Page #264
hai, usake bAda punaH naI dIkSA dI jAtI hai, ise anavasthApyAI prAyazcita kahA jAtA pArAMcikAI- kisI prabala doSa ke kAraNa sAdhu ko gaccha se bAhara nikalane tathA svakSetra kA tyAga karane yogya prAyazcita diyA jAya, use pArAMcikAha prAyazcita kahate haiN| isa prAyazcita meM jinakalpika zramaNa kI taraha ugra tapasyA karanI hotI hai, avadhi pUrNa hone para punaH naI dIkSA lekara vaha zramaNa-saMgha meM sammilita hotA hai| tatvArthasUtra meM prAyazcita ke nau prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| pArAMcikArha kA vahA~ ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vizeSasAdhvAcAra AtmA kI vizeSazuddhi ke lie jina sAdhvAcAra kA vizeSarUpa se pAlana kiyA jAtA hai use vizeSa sAdhvAcAra kahate haiN| isameM tapa, parISaha, bhikSupratimAe~, samAdhimaraNa Adi sammilita haiN| tapa tapa zramaNa saMskRti kA prANa hai, yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hai| tapa ke dvArA hI AtmA ko nirmala banAkara mokSa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| zramaNa jIvana kA mUlamaMtra tapa hai| vastutaH zramaNa zabda tapasvI kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| zramaNa tapa se apanI AtmA ko tapAkara paramAtmA banAne kA prayatna karatA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne dazavaikAlikavRtti meM tapa kA dUsarA nAma zramaNa diyA hai| tapa zramaNa saMskRti meM mokSa-ArAdhanA kA eka sazakta mAdhyama hai| tapa ke dvArA zramaNa AtmA ke sAtha pragAr3harUpa se cipake hue karmarUpI maila ko haTAkara AtmA ko nirmala banAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNa saMskRti meM tapa ko dharma kA nAma diyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga27 va samavAyAMga28 meM tapa ko dasa prakAra ke dharmoM meM eka dharma ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| jainadharma tapa ko utkRSTa maMgala ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM jJAna-darzanacAritra ke sAtha tapa ko bhI mokSa kA mArga kahA hai| tapa kA mahattva tapa kI mahimA aura garimA kA jo Adarza zramaNa saMskRti ne prastuta kiyA hai, vaha anUThA va adbhuta hai| zramaNa saMskRti meM tapa jIvana ke utthAna va AtmA ke nija-svarUpa kI prApti meM sahAyaka mAnA gayA hai| tapa kI utkRSTa ArAdhanA se tIrthaMkara pada kI prApti hotI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM Aye kaI udAharaNa isa bAta ko 238 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #265
spaSTa karate haiM ki zramaNa saMskRti kA zramaNa zramaNatva ko svIkAra kara tapakarma kA AcaraNa karatA hai aura anta meM mokSa pada ko prApta karatA hai| skandaka parivrAjaka, kAlAsyaveSi-putra, RSabhadatta-brAhmaNa, devAnaMdA-brAhmaNI, udAyana rAjA Adi aneka vyaktiyoM dvArA tapa kI utkRSTa sAdhanA ko apanAkara mukti prApti kI gii|30 tapa baMdhe hue karmoM ko kSaya karane kI pravRtti hai| AtmA kA zuddhikaraNa hai| cUMki tapa kI prakriyA AtmA para lage karma pudgaloM ko haTAkara vizuddha AtmasvarUpa ko prakaTa karatI hai ataH tapa ko AtmA ke zodhana kI prakriyA mAnA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM tapa kA phala vyavadAna (karmoM kA kSaya, vizuddhi) batAyA gayA hai| jainaparamparA meM tapa kI utkRSTa sAdhanA kA kitanA mahattva rahA hai, yaha bAta jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane sAdhanA-kAla ke sAr3he bAraha varSoM meM se gyAraha varSa nirAhAra rahakara bitAye the| AcArAMga ke naveM adhyayana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ugratapasvIrUpa kA sazakta citraNa milatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM varNita skandaka-parivrAjaka kA prakaraNa tapa kI mahattA va utkRSTatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| ___ vastutaH tapa jIvana kA oja va zakti hai, tapa vihIna sAdhanA khokhalI hotI hai| tapa kI mahimA ko batAte hue madhukara muni likhate haiM ki 'tapa bhAratIya sAdhanA kA prANatattva hai, jaise zarIra meM USmA jIvana ke astitva kA dyotaka hai, vaise hI sAdhanA meM tapa usake divya astitva ko abhivyakta karatA hai| tapa ke binA na nigraha hotA hai na abhigraha hotA hai| tapa damana nahIM zamana hai| tapa AhAra kA hI tyAga nahIM, vAsanA kA bhI tyAga hai| tapa antarmAnasa meM panapate hue vikAroM ko jalAkara bhasma kara detA hai aura sAtha hI antarmAnasa meM rahe hue saghana andhakAra ko bhI naSTa kara detA hai| isalie tapa jvAlA bhI hai aura jyoti bhI hai| tapa jIvana ko saumya, sAtvika aura sarvAMgapUrNa banAtA hai| tapa kI sAdhanA se AdhyAtmika paripUrNatA prApta hotI hai| tapa eka aisA kalpavRkSa hai, jisakI nirmala chatrachAyA meM sAdhanA ke amRtaphala prApta hote haiN| tapa se jIvana ojasvI, tejasvI aura prabhAvazAlI banatA hai|' tapa kI paribhASA ___ tapa kA artha hai, tpaanaa| AcArya malayadevasUri ne tapa kI paribhASA karate hue kahA hai- tApayati aSTaprakAraM karma iti tapaH arthAt jo ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko tapAtA hai, vaha tapa hai / bhagavatIsUtra34 meM kahA gayA hai ki jaise sUkhe ghAsa ko agni kSaNabhara meM jalA detI hai, usI taraha taparUpI agni karmoM ko jalA detI hai| zramaNAcAra 239

Page #266
tapa ke tapa se tAtparya sirpha upavAsa Adi kAya - kleza hI nahIM varan svAdhyAya, dhyAna, vinaya Adi bhI tapa ke antargata hI Ate haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM tapa ke mukhyataH do bheda kiye gaye haiM; 1. bAhya tapa, 2. AbhyAntara tapa / graMtha meM inake bheda - prabhedoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai / bAhya tapa jisa tapa meM bAhya zArIrika kriyAoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai tathA jo bAhyadravyoM kI apekSA yukta hone se dUsaroM ko dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha bAhya tapa kahalAtA hai / bAhyatapa sthUla hotA hai / bAhya tapa ke chaH bheda graMtha meM kiye gaye haiM 1. anazana 2. avamaudarya 3. bhikSAcaryA 4. rasaparityAga 5. kAyakleza 6. pratisaMlInatA anazana anazana kA artha hai, saba prakAra ke bhojana pAnI kA tyAga karanA / anazana se na kevala tana apitu mana kI bhI zuddhi ho jAtI hai tathA zarIra kA teja prakaTa hotA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM anazana tapa kI mahattA batAte hue kahA hai ki caturthabhakta (upavAsa) karane vAlA zramaNa nirgratha jitane karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai, utanA nairayika jIva eka hajAra varSoM meM bhI nahIM karate haiM / isI prakAra belA, telA, caulA karane vAlA zramaNa jitane karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai, utane karmoM kI nirjarA eka nairayika koTA - koTI varSoM meM bhI nahIM kara pAtA hai / ise udAharaNa dvArA samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki tapAye hue lohe kI kar3hAI para pAnI kI bUMda zIghra naSTa ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra tapasvI zramaNa ke karma zIghra naSTa ho jAte haiM / anazana ke pramukha do bheda haiM; 1. itvarikaanazana, 2. yAvatkathika anazana I itvarika anazana - itvarika anazana meM kucha nizcita samaya ke lie AhAra tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| itvarika anazana aneka prakAra kA hotA hai, yathA caturthabhakta (upavAsa), aSTamabhakta (telA), dazamabhakta ( caulA), dvAdazabhakta ( pacaulA), caturdazabhakta (chaha upavAsa), arddhamAsika, mAsika, dvimAsika, trimAsika Adi / yAvatkathika anazana - yAvatkathika anazana meM jIvanaparyanta AhAratyAga kiyA jAtA hai| isake do prakAra haiM; pAdapopagamana va bhaktapratyAkhyAna / avamaudarya avamaudarya tapa kA artha hai, bhUkha se kama khAnA / isase na kevala manobala dRr3ha rahatA hai apitu zArIrika saMsthAna bhI sudRr3ha hotA hai| isake do bheda kiye gaye haiM; bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 240

Page #267
1. dravyaavamodarikA, 2. bhAvaavamodarikA dravyaavamodarikA AhAra kI mAtrA se kama khAnA tathA AvazyakatA se kama vastrAdi rakhanA dravyaavamodarikA tapa kahalAtA hai| dravyaavamodarikA se sAdhaka kA jIvana bAhara se halkA, svastha va prasanna rahatA hai| isake punaH do avAntara bheda kiye gaye haiM; 1. upakaraNadravya-avamodarikA, 2. bhaktapAnadravya-avamodarikA upakaraNadravya-avamodarikA- upakaraNadravya-avamodarikA kA artha hai eka vastra, eka pAtra tathA tyAktopakaraNa-svadanatA arthAt sAdhu ko parigraha kama se kama rakhanA caahiye| AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI zramaNoM ke vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNoM kI maryAdA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| bhaktapAnadravya-avamodarikA- bhaktapAnadravya-avamodarikA kA artha hai, bhUkha se kama AhAra krnaa| isake pA~ca prakAroM kA graMtha meM vivecana kiyA hai| aNDe ke barAbara ATha kavala pramANa AhAra karanA alpAhAra-avamodarikA hai, bAraha kavala-pramANa AhAra karanA apArddha-avamodarikA hai| saulaha kavala pramANa AhAra karane vAlA ardhahArI hai| caubIsa kavala-pramANa AhAra karane vAlA sAdhu UnodarikA vAlA hai| battIsa kavala-pramANa AhAra karane vAlA pramANopeta UnodarI kahalAtA hai| battIsa kavala se eka grAsa bhI kama AhAra karane vAlA zramaNa nigraMtha prakAmarasabhojI nahIM hotA hai| arthAt pUrNa AhAra karanA tapa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, eka kora bhI kama AhAra kare to vaha thor3A tapa avazya mAnA jAtA hai| bhAva-avamodarikA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kaSAyoM ko kama karanA, kama bolanA, alpa jhaMjhaTa karanA, hRdayastha kaSAyoM ko zAMta karanA Adi bhAva-avamodarikA tapa hai| bhAva-avamodarikA tapa meM antaraMga jIvana meM prasannatA paidA hotI hai aura sadguNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| graMtha meM akrodha, amAna, amAyA, alobha ko zramaNoM ke lie prazasta batAyA hai| bhikSAcaryA vividha prakAra ke abhigraha lekara bhikSA kI gaveSaNA karanA bhikSAcaryA tapa kahalAtA hai| zramaNa anagAra bhikSAvRtti dvArA apanA nirvAha karatA hai| isa prakriyA meM zramaNa kevala apane jIvana nirvAha ke lie gRhastha ke ghara jAkara zuddha AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| bhikSA kaI prakAra kI hotI hai| tyAgI, ahiMsaka zramaNa apane zramaNAcAra 241

Page #268
udaranirvAha ke lie madhukara vRtti se gRhastha ke ghara meM sahaja bhAva se nirmita nirdoSa vidhi se bhikSA grahaNa karate haiM, vaha bhikSA sarvasammatkarI hai| isa prakAra kI bhikSA dene vAle ke bhI bahuta se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM bhikSAcaryA ke aupapAtikasUtra kI taraha tIsa prakAra batAye haiM yathA- dravyAbhigrahacaraka bhikSAcaryA, kSetrAbhigrahacaraka bhikSAcaryA, zuddheSaNIyaka bhikSAcaryA, saMkhyAdattika bhikSA aadi| bhagavatIsUtra meM zramaNa kI bhikSAvidhi kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki bhikSATana ke nimitta jAne vAlA zramaNa U~ca, nIca aura madhyama kuloM ke gRhasamudAya meM bhikSAcaryA kI vidhi se bhikSA grahaNa karatA hai| zramaNa kI isa bhikSAvRtti ke lie graMthoM meM 'goyara' zabda kA prayoga huA hai arthAt gAya kI taraha bhramaNa krnaa| jisa taraha gAya eka kinAre se dUsare kinAre taka binA jar3a ko ukhAr3e ghAsa caratI hai vaise hI zramaNa bhI binA gRhastha ko kaSTa diye bheda-bhAva rahita sarasa va nirasa AhAra ko grahaNa karatA hai| zramaNa kI bhikSA nau vidhiyoM se zuddha hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra42 meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu bhikSA dvArA prApta anna kA sevana karatA hai tathA vaha bhikSA anindita va ajJAta gharoM se thor3A-thor3A mA~gakara lAI huI honI caahiye| dazavaikAlika, mUlAcAra Adi graMthoM meM zramaNa kI bhikSAcaryA para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| akalpanIya AhAra zramaNa yadyapi bhikSAvRtti dvArA AhAra grahaNa karatA hai parantu nimna pratikUla prakAra kA AhAra usake lie kalpane yogya nahIM hotA hai| AdhAkarmika- kisI khAsa sAdhu ke lie sacitta vastu ko acitta karanA yA acitta ko pkaanaa| auddezika- yAcakoM aura sAdhuoM ke uddezya se AhArAdi taiyAra krnaa| mizrajAta- apane aura sAdhuoM ke lie eka sAtha pakAyA huA aahaar| adhyavapUraka- sAdhuoM kA Agamana dekha apane banate hue bhojana meM aura AhAra milA denaa| pUtikarma- zuddha AhAra meM AdhAkarmAdi kA aMza mila jaanaa| krIta- sAdhu ke lie kharIdA huA aahaar| prAmitya- sAdhu ke lie udhAra liyA huA aahaaraadi| achedya- kisI se jabarana chInakara sAdhu ko AhArAdi denaa| aniHsRSTa- kisI vastu ke eka se adhika svAmI hone para sabakI icchA ke binA denaa| 242 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #269
abhyAhRta- sAdhu ke sAmane lAkara AhArAdi denA / kAntArabhakta- vana meM rahe hue bhikhArI Adi ke lie taiyAra kiyA huA AhArAdi / durbhikSabhakta- duSkAla pIr3ita logoM ko dene ke lie taiyAra kiyA huA AhArAdi / glAnabhakta - rogiyoM ke lie taiyAra kiyA huA AhArAdi / vardalikAbhakta- durdina yA varSA ke samaya bhikhAriyoM ke lie taiyAra kiyA huA AhArAdi / prAghUrNakabhakta - pAhunoM ke lie banAyA huA AhArAdi / zayyAtarapiNDa- sAdhuoM ko makAna dene vAle ke yahA~ kA AhAra lenA / rAjapiNDa - rAjA ke lie bane hue AhArAdi meM se denA / isake atirikta mUla, kanda, bIja, phala aura harI vanaspati kA bhojana athavA pAna bhI sAdhu ke lie akalpanIya batAyA gayA hai| sadoSa va nirdoSa bhikSAcaryA 4 bhagavatIsUtra meM zramaNoM kI bhikSAcaryA meM lagane vAle doSoM tathA doSamukta bhikSAcaryA para bhI vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| aMgAra, dhUma va saMyojanA doSa sAdhu dvArA bhikSAvidhi se lAye gaye nirdoSa AhAra kA sAdhuoM ke maNDala meM baiThakara sevana karate samaya nimna doSa lagate haiM / aMgAra doSa- yadi koI nigraMtha yA nirgrathI prAsuka va eSaNIya caturvidha AhAra ko grahaNa kara usameM mUrcchita, gRddha, grathita yA Asakta hokara usakA sevana karate haiM to vaha AhAra aMgAradoSa se dUSita AhAra- pAnI kahalAtA hai / dhUma doSa- jo nigraMtha yA nirgrathI prAsuka va eSaNIya caturvidha AhAra ko grahaNa karake atyaMta aprItipUrvaka yA krodha se khinna hote hue usa AhAra kA sevana karate haiM to vaha AhAra dhUma doSayukta ho jAtA hai / saMyojanA doSa- jo nirgratha yA nirgrathI prAsuka va eSaNIya AhAra ko grahaNa karane ke pazcAt svAda yA guNa utpanna karane ke lie dUsare padArthoM ke sAtha saMyoga karake AhAra -pAnI karate haiM, vaha AhAra- pAnI saMyojanA doSa se dUSita kahalAtA hai / aMgAra, dhUma va saMyojanA doSa mukta AhAra mUrcchArahita, agiddha, agrathita va anAsakta bhAva se kiyA gayA AhAra, aMgAra doSa rahita AhAra hotA hai, aprItipUrvaka yA krodha se khinna hote hue AhAra zramaNAcAra 243

Page #270
nahIM karanA dhUma doSa rahita AhAra hotA hai tathA jaisA milA hai vaisA hI AhAra binA saMyoga kiye karanA saMyojanA doSa se rahita AhAra hotA hai / kSetrAtikrAnta, kAlAtikrAnta, mArgAtikrAnta va pramANAtikrAnta AhAra nirgratha yA nirgrathI dvArA 1. sUryodaya se pUrva grahaNa karake sUryodaya ke pazcAt kiyA gayA AhAra kSetrAtikrAnta pAna - bhojana hotA hai, 2. prathama prahara (paurUSI) meM grahaNa kara antima prahara (paurUSI) taka rakhakara sevana kiyA jAne vAlA kAlAtikrAnta pAna - bhojana kahalAtA hai, 3. Adhe yojana kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana karake kiyA jAne vAlA AhAra mArgAtikrAnta pAna - bhojana kahalAtA hai, 4. kukkuTIaNDaka pramANa battIsa kavala kI mAtrA se adhika AhAra pramANAtikrAnta AhAra kahalAtA hai / zastrAtIta, zastrapariNAmita, eSita, vyeSita sAmudAyika bhikSArUpa AhAra jo AhAra jantuoM se rahita, jIvacyuta aura jIvavimukta (prAsuka) ho, jo sAdhu ke lie nahIM banAyA gayA, na banavAyA gayA, jo asaMkalpita (AdhAkarmAdi doSa rahita), anAhUta (AmaMtraNarahita), akrItakRta (nahIM kharIda huA), anuddiSTa (auddezika doSa se rahita), navakoTivizuddha hai, (zaMkita Adi) ina dasa doSoM se vimukta hai, udgama (16 udgama doSa) aura utpAdanA (16 utpAdanA) saMbaMdhI eSaNA doSoM se rahita suparizuddha hai, aMgAra, dhUma, saMyojanAdoSa rahita hai tathA jo surasura aura capacapa zabda se rahita, bahuta zIghratA aura atyanta vilamba se rahita, AhAra kA lezamAtra bhI chor3e binA, nIce na girAte hue, gAr3I kI dhurI ke aMjana athavA ghAva para lagAe jAne vAle lepa (malhama) kI taraha kevala saMyamayAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie aura saMyama - bhAra ko vahana karane ke lie, jisa prakAra sarpa bila meM (sIdhA ) praveza karatA hai, usI prakAra jo AhAra karate haiM, vaha zastrAtIta, zastrapariNAmita, eSita, vyaSita sAmudAyika bhikSArUpa pAna - bhojana hai / piNDa pAtrAdi kA upabhoga bhagavatI sUtra meM kahA gayA hai- gRhastha dvArA diye gaye AhArarUpa piNDa, pAtra, gucchaka, rajoharaNa Adi jitanI saMkhyA meM jisako upabhoga karane ke lie diye haiM, use grahaNa karane vAle sAdhu ko cAhiye ki vaha usI prakAra sthaviroM ko vitarita kre| yadi DhUMDhane para bhI ve sthavira nahIM mile to usa vastu kA na to svayaM upayoga kare aura na hI vaha vastu dUsare sAdhu ko de, apitu vidhipUrvaka use paraTha denI caahiye| ise udAharaNa dvArA samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki yadi koI gRhastha nirgratha ko do yA adhika piNDa (khAne kI vastu) baharAtA hai aura yaha upanimaMtraNa bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 244

Page #271
karatA hai ki eka Apa khAnA tathA zeSa anya sthaviroM ko denaa| taba usa zramaNa ko una anya sthaviroM kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhiye tathA jahA~ bhI ve sthavira mile unheM ve piNDa de dene caahiye| yadi ve sthavira na mile to use na to ve piNDa svayaM khAne cAhiye na hI anya kisI zramaNa ko dene cAhiye, kintu ekAMta anApAta, acitta bhUmi kA pratilekhana evaM pramArjanakara una piNDoM ko vahA~ paraTha denA caahiye| AdhAkarma doSayukta evaM prAsukaeSaNIyAdi AhAra sevana kA phala bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai- 'AdhAkarma doSayukta AhArAdi kA sevana karane vAlA zramaNa nigraMtha Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karma prakRtiyoM ko dRr3ha baMdhana meM bAMdhatA hai tathA apane Atmadharma kA atikramaNa karatA haA jIvoM kI paravAha na karatA huA unakA upabhoga karatA hai aura isa anaMta saMsAra meM bAra-bAra bhaTakatA hai| prAsuka va eSaNIya AhArAdi kA upayoga karane vAlA zramaNa Ayukarma ko chor3akara sAta karma prakRtiyoM ke baMdhana ko DhIlA karatA hai| vaha saMvRta anagAra ke samAna hotA hai| vaha Atmadharma kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA hai| vaha pRthvIkAyAdi sabhI jIvoM ke jIvana ko cAhatA hai ata: isa anaMta saMsAra ko pAra kara jAtA hai|' AdhAkarmAdi doSoM se yukta AhAra kA kisI bhI rUpa meM mana-vacana-kAya se sevana karane vAlA sAdhu yadi antima samaya meM usa doSa sthAna kI AlocanA pratikramaNAAdi kiye binA hI kAla kara jAtA hai to vaha virAdhaka hotA hai, kintu yadi ina doSoM meM se sevita kisI bhI doSa kA antima samaya meM AlocanApratikramaNa Adi kara letA hai, to vaha ArAdhaka hotA hai| rasa parityAga rasa parityAga kA artha hai, asvaadvrt| dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela tathA miSThAna Adi vikRtijanaka padArthoM kA tyAga karake bhojana karanA, rasa parityAga hai| vaise to sAdhu ke lie nIrasa AhAra kA hI vidhAna hai para sarasa AhAra mila jAye to vaha use grahaNa kara sakatA hai| parantu rasa-parityAga tapa ko grahaNa karane vAlA dUdha, dahI ghI Adi se yukta sarasa bhojana kA aMgIkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai| rasa parityAgatapa se jamAli ko bhayaMkara roga utpanna ho gayA thaa| graMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki atyaMta Asakta hokara prItipUrvaka AhAra karane vAle sAdhu ko aMgAra doSa lagatA hai| rasa-parityAga ke nirvikRtika, praNItarasa-vivarjaka, rUkSAhAra Adi aneka bheda kiye gaye haiN| kAyakleza __ kAyakleza kA zAbdika artha hai, kAyA ko kaSTa denaa| isase zarIra meM nizcalatA evaM apramattatA AtI hai| kAyakleza tapa meM sAdhaka kaSToM ko AmaMtrita zramaNAcAra 245

Page #272
karake bulAtA hai| vastutaH AdhyAtmika tapa, japa, saMyama Adi kI sAdhanA evaM pAlana ke lie zarIra ko zAstra-sammata tarIke se samabhAvapUrvaka kleza pahu~cAnA kAyakleza tapa hai| vIrAsana, utkuTukAsana, daNDAsana Adi AsanoM kA sevana, kezaluMcana, jaMgala meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3A honA, dhyAna lagAnA Adi kAyakleza tapa haiN| graMtha meM isake aneka bheda batAye gaye haiM yathA- sthAna-sthitika, sthAnAtiga utkuTukAsanika aadi| pratisaMlInatA __ pratisaMlInatA se tAtparya hai, lIna honaa| AtmA ko 'para' se haTAkara 'sva' para kendrita karanA, use artamukhI banAnA hI pratisaMlInatA hai| isa tapa meM indriyoM, kaSAyoM tathA mana, vacana, kAyA ke yogoM ko bAhara se haTAkara bhItara kI ora kendrita kiyA jAtA hai tathA ekAnta sthAna meM nivAsa kiyA jAtA hai| isake cAra bheda haiN| 1. indriyapratisaMlInatA 2. kaSAyapratisaMlInatA 3. yogapratisaMlInatA 4. viviktazayyAsana- prtisNliintaa| inake prabhedoM kA bhI graMtha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| AbhyAntara tapa- jisa tapa kA sIdhA saMbaMdha AtmA ke Antarika pariNAmoM se hotA hai, use AbhyAntara tapa kahate haiN| AbhyAntara tapa meM antakaraNa ke vyApAra kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| AbhyAntara tapa ke binA bAhya tapa apUrNa hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM tAmalI tApasa va pUraNa tApasa kI ugra tapasyA kA varNana hai, kintu AbhyAntara tapa ke abhAva meM unakA ugra tapa ajJAna tapa hI thaa| tapa kA prAraMbha bAhyatapa se hotA hai, kintu usakI pUrNatA AbhyAntara tapa ke binA saMbhava nahIM hotI hai| bAhyatapa se jaba sAdhaka kA tana uttapta ho jAtA hai, taba mana kI malInatA ko naSTa karane ke lie vaha AbhyAntara tapa kI ora unmukha hotA hai| AbhyAntara tapa mokSa prApti kA antaraMga kAraNa hai| mumukSusAdhaka ise apanAkara antaraMga rAga-dveSa Adi kA kSaya karate haiN| isa tapa kA prabhAva bAhya zarIra para nahIM par3atA hai| AbhyAntara tapa chaH prakAra batAyA gayA hai; 1. prAyazcita, 2. vinaya, 3. vaiyAvRtya 4. svAdhyAya, 5. dhyAna, 6. vyutsarga prAyazcita jo pApa kA chedana karatA hai, vaha prAyazcita hai| prAyazcita ke AlocanArha Adi dasa bheda batAye gaye haiN| isakA varNana pIche kiyA jA cukA hai| 246 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #273
vinaya tapa dazavaikAlika meM vinaya ko dharma kA mUla mAnA hai| vinaya kA artha kevala namratA hI nahIM anuzAsana bhI hai| gurujana kI icchA, AjJA Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara AcaraNa karanA hI anuzAsana vinaya hai| uttarAdhyayana ke prathama adhyayana meM vinaya para vistAra se carcA milatI hai| Agama sAhitya meM vinaya zabda tIna artha meM prayukta huA hai; 1. anuzAsana, AtmasaMyama tathA nmrtaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM vinaya ke sAta prakAra batAye gaye haiM 1. jJAna vinaya, 2. darzana vinaya, 3. cAritra vinaya, 4. mana vinaya, 5. vacana vinaya, 6. kAya vinaya, 7. lokopacAra vinaya jJAna vinaya- jJAna va jJAnI ke prati zraddhA-bhakti rakhanA unake prati bahumAna dikhAnA, unake dvArA prarUpita tattvoM para samyak cintana-manana karanA Adi prakriyA jJAna-vinaya hai| jJAna vinaya ke pA~ca prakAra haiM; 1. matijJAna-vinaya, 2. zrutajJAna-vinaya, 3. avadhijJAna-vinaya, 4. mana:paryavajJAna-vinaya, 5. kevljnyaan-viny| darzana vinaya- deva-guru va dharma ina tInoM para zraddhA rakhanA, inakI avahelanA nA karanA darzana vinaya hai| darzana vinaya ke do bheda haiM; 1. zuzrUSA vinaya, 2. anAzAtanA viny| cAritra vinaya- cAritra va cAritravAnoM kA vinaya karanA cAritra vinaya hai| yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai; 1. sAmAyikacAritravinaya, 2. chedopasthApanIyacAritravinaya, 3. parihAravizuddhacAritravinaya, 4. sUkSmasaMparAyacAritravinaya, 5. ythaakhyaatcaaritrviny| manovinaya- mana ko aprazasta kAryoM se haTAkara pavitra kAryoM meM lagAnA manovinaya hai| isake do mukhya bheda haiN| 1. prazasta manovinaya, 2. aprazasta manovinaya vacana vinaya- aprazasta zabdoM kA tyAga kara prazasta vANI kA prayoga karanA vacana vinaya hai| vacana vinaya ke do mukhya bheda haiM; 1. prazastavacanavinaya, 2. aprshstvcnviny| kAya vinaya- kAya saMbaMdhI jinatI bhI pravRttiyA~ haiM, yathA- calanA, uThanA, baiThanA Adi unheM upayogapUrvaka karanA kAya vinaya hai| lokopacAra vinaya- isa vinaya se loka-vyavahAra kI kuzalatA sahaja zramaNAcAra 247

Page #274
utpanna hotI hai| dUsare sAdharmikoM ko sukha-zAnti prApta ho, isa prakAra kA vyavahAra va ceSTAe~ karanA lokopacAra vinaya ke antargata AtA hai| vaiyAvRtya vaiyAvRtya jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai, jo ki sevA-zuzrUSA ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| AcArya (guru), tapasvI, rogI, navadIkSita Adi ko vidhipUrvaka AhArAdi lAkara denA, paricaryA karanA, sevA karanA Adi vaiyAvRtya hai / vaiyAvRtya ke mahattva ko batAte hue uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki vaiyAvRtya se tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana hotA hai- veyAvacceNaM titthayaranAmagoyaM kammaM nibaMdhei (29.44) / sthAnAMgasUtra 2 meM vaiyAvRtya kA mahattva batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki rogI, navadIkSita, AcArya Adi kI sevA karatA huA sAdhaka mahAna nirjarA aura mahAna paryavasAna prApta karatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra" meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ATha zikSAe~ pradAna kI haiM, unameM se do zikSAe~ vaiyAvRtya ko hI puSTa karatI haiM / jo anAzrita, asahAya tathA anAdhAra haiM, unako sahAyatA - sahayoga evaM Azraya dene ko sadA tatpara rahanA caahiye| dUsarI zikSA hai ki rogI kI sevA karane ke lie aglAna bhAva se sadA tatpara rahanA caahiye| sevA karane vAle ko sadA vivekapUrva DhaMga se sevA karanI cAhiye arthAt avasara ke anusAra sevA karanA hI sacce vaiyAvRtya kA pAlana karanA hai| vaiyAvRtya ke dasa bheda batAye gaye haiM 1. AcAryavaiyAvRtya, 2. upAdhyAyavaiyAvRtya, 4. tapasvIvaiyAvRtya, 5. glAnavaiyAvRtya, 7. kulavaiyAvRtya, 8. gaNavaiyAvRtya, 10. sAdharmikavaiyAvRtya svAdhyAya 248 3. sthaviravaiyAvRtya, 6. zaikSavaiyAvRtya, 9. saMghavaiyAvRtya, I zAstroM kA maryAdApUrvaka aura vidhi sahita adhyayana karanA svAdhyAya haisuSThu-A maryAdayA adhIyate iti svAdhyAyaH - ( sthAnAMgaTIkA 5.3.465) svAdhyAya vANI kA tapa hai, svAdhyAya se nayA vicAra va nayA cintana utpanna hotA hai sthAnAMga 54 meM isake mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se zruta kA saMgraha hotA hai| zrutajJAna se upakRta ziSya prema se zruta kI sevA karatA hai| isase usake jJAna ke pratibaMdhaka karma nirjarita hote haiM tathA nirantara svAdhyAya se sUtra vicchinna nahIM hote haiN| uttarAdhyayana" meM kahA hai ki svAdhyAya samasta duHkhoM se mukti dilAtA hai| jaina sAhitya hI nahIM vaidika sAhitya meM bhI svAdhyAya ke mahattva bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #275
ko svIkAra karate hae kahA gayA hai 'tapo hi svAdhyAyaH' svAdhyAya svayaM tapa hai| vastutaH svAdhyAya apane Apa meM eka mahAna tapa hai, jisake dvArA na kevala mana kA maila naSTa hotA hai varan sadavicAra va acche saMskAra jAgRta hote haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda batAye haiM; 1. vAcanA, 2. pratipRcchanA, 3. parivartanA, 4. anuprekSA, 5. dharmakathA vAcanA- zAstra va usakA artha par3hanA, par3hAnA vAcanA svAdhyAya hai| pratipRcchanA- vAcanA dete samaya yA lete samaya koI zaMkA ho to yogya guru se pUchanA pratipRcchanA svAdhyAya hai| parivarttanA- paDhe hae yA sIkhe hue jJAna ko bAra-bAra doharAnA tAki vaha vismRta nA ho jAya, parivarttanA svAdhyAya hai| anuprekSA- sIkhe hue zAstra kA artha vismRta nA ho jAya, isalie usakA bAra-bAra manana, cintana, smaraNa karanA anuprekSA svAdhyAya hai| dharmakathA- uparyukta cAroM prakAroM se zAstroM kA acchA adhyayana ho jAne para zrotAoM ko zAstroM kA vyAkhyAna sunAnA, pravacana denA Adi dharmakathA svAdhyAya hai| sthAnAMga meM bhI svAdhyAya ke ina pA~ca bhedoM kA ullekha hai, lekina vahA~ pratipRcchanA ke sthAna para pRcchanA zabda kA prayoga hai| dhyAna jaina graMthoM meM dhyAna kI aneka paribhASAe~ prApta hotI haiN| citta ko kisI bhI viSaya meM ekAgra karanA, sthira karanA, dhyAna hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne mana kI ekAgratA ko mahattva dete hue dhyAna kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai; ekAgra cintana tathA zarIra, vANI aura mana kA nirodha, dhyAna hai| devendramunizAstrI ne kahA hai ki dhyAna meM cetanA kI vaha avasthA hai, jo apane Alambana ke prati pUrNatayA ekAgra hotI hai| ekAgra cintana dhyAna hai| cetanA ke virATa Aloka meM citta vilIna ho jAtA hai, vaha dhyAna hai| dhyAna do prakAra kA hotA hai; zubha dhyAna va azubha dhyaan| zubha dhyAna mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| azubha dhyAna naraka va tiryaMca kA kAraNa hotA hai| azubha dhyAna adhomukhI hotA hai tathA zubha dhyAna UrdhvamukhI hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM dhyAna ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM; 1. ArtadhyAna, 2. raudradhyAna, 3. dharmadhyAna, 4. shukldhyaan| graMtha meM inake svarUpa kA vistRta varNana hai| vyutsarga vyutsarga zabda 'vi' + utsarga se banA hai, 'vi' upasarga kA artha hai, viziSTa tathA utsarga kA artha hai, tyaag| vyutsarga kA zAbdika artha huA, viziSTa tyaag| zramaNAcAra 249

Page #276
uttarAdhyayana meM vyutsarga ke artha meM kAyotsarga kA prayoga huA hai| AcArya akalaMka ne vyutsarga kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki- nissaMgatA, anAsakti, nirbhayatA aura jIvana kI lAlasA kA tyAga utsarga hai tathA AtmasAdhanA ke lie apane Apa kA utsarga karanA vyutsarga hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu1 ne vyutsarga karane vAle sAdhaka ke antarmAnasa kA citraNa karate hue likhA hai ki- yaha zarIra anya hai aura AtmA anya hai| zarIra nAzavAna hai, AtmA zAzvata hai| vyutsarga karane vAlA sAdhaka sva (AtmA) ke nikaTatara hotA calA jAtA hai aura para kI mamatA se mukta ho jAtA hai| vastutaH isa deha ke prati mamatva kA tyAga karanA vyutsarga tapa hai| vyutsarga ke do bheda haiM; 1. dravyavyutsarga 2. bhaavvyutsrg| dravyavyutsarga cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai; 1. gaNavyutsarga, 2. zarIravyutsarga, 3. upadhivyutsarga, 4. bhaktapAnavyutsarga bhAvatyutsarga tIna prakAra kA hai; 1. kaSAyavyutsarga, 2. saMsAravyutsarga, 3. krmvyutsrg| punaH kaSAyavyutsarga ke krodhAdi cAra bheda, saMsAravyutsarga ke nairayika Adi cAra bheda tathA karmavyutsarga ke jJAnavaraNIyAdi ATha prabheda kiye gaye haiN| kahIM-kahIM bhAvautsarga kA cauthA bheda yoga utsarga bhI batAyA gayA hai| usake manAdi tIna prabheda kiye gaye haiN| parISahara AcAra saMhitA kA pAlana karate hue Akasmika rUpa se yadi kisI prakAra kA koI saMkaTa samupasthita ho jAtA hai to use parISaha kahate haiN| parISahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karanA parISaha jaya kahalAtA hai| kaSTa zramaNa jIvana ko nikhArane ke lie AtA hai| zramaNa ko kaSTa-sahiSNu honA cAhiye, jisase vaha sAdhanA ke patha se vicalita na ho ske| tattvArthasUtra meM parISaha kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki svIkRta mArga se cyuta na hone ke lie tathA nirjarA ke lie jo kucha sahA jAtA hai, vaha parISaha hai| uttarAdhyayana4 meM parISaha ke artha meM upasarga zabda kA prayoga karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo ina upasargoM (parISahoM) ko jIta letA hai vaha saMsAra meM bhramaNa nahIM karatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM parISahoM ke 22 prakAra batAye gaye haiN| 1. kSudhAparISaha- saMyama maryAdAnusAra eSaNIya, kalpanIya nirdoSa AhAra na milane para bhUkha ko sahana karanA kSudhA parISaha hai| 2. pipAsA parISaha- pyAsa se mukha sUkha jAne para bhI sacita jala kA prayoga na karake acitta jala kI prApti ke lie prayatna karanA pipAsA parISaha hai| 250 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #277
3. zIta parISaha - vicaraNa karate hue zIta lagane para yadi vastrAdi kA abhAva ho taba bhI agni Adi ke sevana kA cintana nahIM karanA, zIta parISaha hai / 4. uSNa parISaha- garmI se atyanta tApita hone para bhI snAna, paMkhA jhalanA Adi kA niSedha uSNa parISaha hai / 5. daMza - mazaka parISaha - DAMsa, macchara, jUM, khaTamala Adi ke kATane para unheM pIr3ita nahIM karanA daMza - mazaka parISaha hai 1 6. acela - parISaha - vastrAbhAva, vastra kI alpatA yA jIrNa-zIrNa, malina Adi aparyApta vastroM ke sadbhAva se hone vAlA parISaha acela parISaha hai / 7. arati - parISaha - saMyama mArga meM kaThinAIyA~, asuvidhAe~ evaM kaSTa Ane para arati aruci yA udvignatA se utpanna hone vAlA kaSTa arati - parISaha hai / 8. strI parISaha - striyoM se hone vAlA kaSTa, sAdhviyoM ke lie puruSoM se hone vAlA kaSTa strI parISaha hai / 9. caryA parISaha - caryA se tAtparya hai, gamana / grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa meM paidala calane se hone vAlA kaSTa caryA parISaha hai / 10. niSadyA parISaha - svAdhyAya Adi kI bhUmi meM tathA sUne ghara Adi meM Thaharane se hone vAle upadrava kA kaSTa niSadyA yA nizIthikA parISaha hai / 11. zayyA parISaha - AvAsa sthAna kI pratikUlatA se hone vAlA kaSTa zayyA parISaha hai / 12. Akroza parISaha - dAruNa, kaThora va dhamakI bhare vacanoM va DA~Ta phaTakAra se hone vAlA kaSTa Akroza parISaha hai / 13. vadha parISaha - mArane-pITane se hone vAlA kaSTa, vadha - parISaha hai / 14. yAcanA parISaha - bhikSA se mA~gakara vastue~ lAne se hone vAlA mAnasika kaSTa yAcanA parISaha hai / 15. alAbha parISaha - bhikSAdi na milane para hone vAlA kaSTa, alAbha parISaha hai / 16. roga parISaha- roga ke kAraNa hone vAlA kaSTa roga parISaha hai / 17. tRNasparza parISaha - ghAsa ke bichaune para sone se yA mArga para calate samaya tRNAdi ke cubhane se hone vAlA kaSTa tRNasparza parISaha hai / 18. jalla parISaha- kapar3oM para yA tana para maila, pasInA, dhUla yA kIcar3a ke jama jAne se hone vAlA kaSTa jalla parISaha hai / zramaNAcAra 251

Page #278
19. satkAra puraskAra parISaha- Adara, satkAra, pratiSThA, yaza, prasiddhi Adi na milane se hone vAlA mAnasika kheda, satkAra-puraskAra parISaha hai| 20. prajJA parISaha- prakhara yA viziSTa buddhi kA garva karanA prajJA parISaha hai| 21. jJAna yA ajJAna parISaha- viziSTa jJAna hone para ahaMkAra karanA tathA jJAna kI maMdatA hone para dainyabhAva ko prakaTa karanA jJAna yA ajJAna parISaha hai| 22. adarzana yA darzana parISaha- dusare mata vAloM kI riddhi-vRddhi, camatkAra, ADambarAdi dekhakara sarvajJokta siddhAnta se vicalita honA adarzana yA darzana parISaha hai| yadyapi graMtha meM jIva ke ye 22 parISaha batAye gaye haiM kintu, vaha eka sAtha bAIsa parISahoM ko nahIM vedatA hai| Ayukarma ko chor3akara sAta prakAra ke tathA AyubaMdhakAla meM ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA baMdha karane vAlA jIva bIsa parISahoM ko hI vedatA hai kyoMki jisa samaya uSNa parISaha ko vedatA hai usa samaya zIta parISaha ko nahIM vedatA hai tathA jisa samaya caryA parISaha kA vedana karatA hai usa samaya niSadyA parISaha kA vedana nahIM karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana va samavAyAMga meM bhI parISahoM kI saMkhyA 22 batAI gaI hai, kintu 20, 21 va 22veM parISaha ke krama meM kucha antara hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM parISahoM kA krama uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke samAna hai| samavAyAMga meM 20vAM jJAna, 21vAM darzana tathA 22vAM prajJA hai| bhagavatIsUtra va uttarAdhyayana meM prajJA, ajJAna-jJAna va darzana aisA krama hai| parISaha va karma prakRtiyA~ karma prakRtiyA~ ATha haiM, kintu 22 parISahoM kA jJAnAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya va antarAya ina cAra karma prakRtiyoM meM hI samAveza ho jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ina cAra karmoM ke udaya se ye 22 parISaha utpanna hote haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karma meM prajJAparISaha va jJAnaparISaha kA samAveza hotA hai| vedanIya karma meM kSudhA parISaha, pipAsAparISaha, zItaparISaha, uSNaparISaha, daMzamazakaparISaha, caryAparISaha, zayyAparISaha, vadhaparISaha, rogaparISaha, tRNasparzaparISaha aura jallaparISaha ina gyAraha parISahoM kA samAveza hotA hai| darzana mohanIya karma meM eka mAtra darzana parISaha kA samAveza hotA hai| cAritra mohanIya karma meM arati parISaha, acela parISaha, strI parISaha, niSadyAparISaha, yAcanAparISaha, AkrozaparISaha aura satkAra-puraskAra parISaha kA samAveza hotA hai| antarAyakarma meM eka alAbha parISaha kA samAveza hotA hai| bhikSu pratimAe~ pratimA kA artha hai pratijJA vishess| nigraMtha muniyoM ke abhigraha vizeSa ko pratimA kahA gayA hai| pratimAdhArI muni zarIra ko saMskArita karatA hai tathA zarIra ke 252 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #279
prati mamatva kA pUrNa tyAga kara detA hai| vaha adInatApUrvaka samabhAva se sabhI prakAra ke upasargoM ko sahana karatA hai| graMtha meM 12 bhikSu pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 1. mAsika, 2. dvimAsika, 3. traimAsika, 4. cAturmAsika, 5. paMcamAsika, 6. SaTmAsika, 7. saptamAsika, 8. prathama saptarAtridivasakI, 9. dvitIya saptarAtridivasakI, 10. tRtIya saptarAtridivasakI, 11. eka ahorAtrikI, 12. eka rAtrikI / ina pratimAoM ke nAmollekha se inakI avadhi spaSTa ho jAtI hai / inakA vizeSa vivecana dazAzrutaskandha" meM upalabdha hai| eka mAsika - eka mAsa ke samaya vAlI isa pratimA meM bhikSu eka datti anna kI evaM eka datti jala kI grahaNa karatA hai aura Ane vAle sabhI kaSToM ko sahana karatA hai / datti zabda se tAtparya hai binA dhAra TUTe eka bAra meM jitanA AhAra yA pAnI sAdhu ke pAtra meM A jAya use datti kahate haiM / dvimAsika- dvimAsika pratimA meM bhikSu do mAsa taka do dattiyA~ jala kI va do dattiyA~ AhAra kI grahaNa karatA hai / trimAsika - trimAsika pratimA meM bhikSu tIna mAsa taka tIna dattiyA~ AhArapAnI kI grahaNa karatA hai / caturmAsika- caturmAsika pratimA meM bhikSu cAra mAsa taka cAra dattiyA~ AhAra va pAnI grahaNa karatA hai / paMcamAsika - paMcamAsika pratimA meM bhikSu pA~ca mAha taka AhAra- pAnI kI pA~ca dattiyA~ grahaNa karatA hai / SaTmAsika - SaTmAsika pratimA meM bhikSu chaH mAsa taka cha: dattiyA~ AhArapAnI grahaNa karatA hai / saptamAsika- saptamAsika pratimAdhAraka bhikSu sAta mAsa taka sAta dattiyA~ AhAra- pAnI kI grahaNa karatA hai / prathama saptaahorAtrikI - ( prathama saptarAtridivasakI ) AThavIM pratimA sAta dina-rAtri kI hotI hai / isameM bhikSu ekAntara cauvihAra upavAsa karake Asana vizeSa lagAkara dhyAna karatA hai / dvitIya saptaahorAtrikI - (dvitIya saptarAtridivasakI ) nauvIM pratimA bhI sAta dina rAtri kI hotI hai| isameM bhI ekAntara cauvihAra upavAsa karake Asana vizeSa lagAkara dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| zramaNAcAra 253

Page #280
tRtIya saptaahorAtrikI- (tRtIya saptarAtridivasakI) dasavIM pratimA bhI sAta dina rAtri kI hotI hai| isameM bhI ekAntara cauvihAra upavAsa karake grAma Adi ke bAhara Asana vizeSa lagAkara dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| ahorAtrikI- gyArahavIM pratimA eka dina rAtri kI hotI hai| ATha prahara taka isa pratimA kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| isameM cauvihAra belA kiyA jAtA hai tathA gA~va yA nagara ke bAhara jAkara donoM hAthoM ko ghuTane taka lambe karake kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| rAtrikI- bArahavIM pratimA eka rAtri kI hotI hai| isakI ArAdhanA cauvihAra tele ke dvArA kI jAtI hai| isameM eka pudgala para animeSa dhyAna kendrita karake kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| bhikSu pratimAoM kI avadhi ko lekara kucha matabheda hai| isakA ullekha devendramuni zAstrI ne apane graMtha meM kiyA hai| yuvAcArya madhukaramuni ne 'trINi chedasUtrANi' (dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpasUtra, vyavahArasUtra) meM dazAzrutaskandha kI sAtavIM dazA meM isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| guNaratnasaMvatsara tapa1 jisa tapa meM guNarUpa ratnoM vAlA sampUrNa varSa bitAyA jAya vaha guNaratnasaMvatsara tapa kahalAtA hai| yaha tapa 16 mAsa kA hotA hai| isameM 16 mAsa taka eka hI prakAra kI nirjarArUpa vizeSa guNa kI racanA hotI hai| isI kAraNa ise guNaracana (ratna) saMvatsara tapa kahate haiN| isameM 407 dina tapasyA ke va 73 dina pAraNe ke hote haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM skandaka anagAra dvArA guNaratnasaMvatsara tapa ko dhAraNa karane kA ullekha huA hai| isakI vidhi isa prakAra batAI gaI hai- pahale mahIne meM nirantara upavAsa karanA, dUsare mahine meM nirantara bele-bele (chaTTha-chaTTha), tIsare mAsa meM nirantara tele-tele, cauthe mAsa meM nirantara caule-caule, pA~cave mAsa meM pacaule-pacaule pAraNA krnaa| chaThe mAsa meM nirantara chaha-chaha, sAtaveM mAsa meM nirantara sAta-sAta, AThaveM mAsa meM nirantara ATha-ATha, nauveM mAsa meM nirantara nau-nau, dasaveM mAsa meM nirantara dasa-dasa, gyArahaveM mAsa meM nirantara gyAraha-gyAraha, bArahaveM mAsa meM nirantara bAraha-bAraha, terahaveM mAsa meM nirantara teraha-teraha upavAsa krnaa| caudahaveM mAsa meM nirantara caudaha-caudaha, pandrahaveM mAsa meM nirantara pandraha-pandraha aura solahaveM mAsa meM nirantara solaha-solaha upavAsa krnaa| ina sabhI meM dina meM utkuTuka Asana se baiThakara sUrya ke sammukha mukha karake AtApanAbhUmi meM AtApanA lenA, rAtri ke 254 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #281
samaya apAvRta (vastrarahita) hokara vIrAsana meM baiThakara zIta sahana karanA Adi kriyAe~ bhI sammilita haiN| saMlekhanA, anazana evaM samAdhimaraNa ___ sabhI jIva jIne kI icchA rakhate haiM koI bhI maranA nahIM cAhatA hai- savve jIvA vi icchaMti jIviuMna marijiuM - (dazavaikAlika 6.10) vaidika RSi bhI bhagavAn se yahI prArthanA karatA hai ki vaha sau varSa sukhapUrvaka jiive| lekina jIvana va mRtyu kA saMbaMdha aTUTa hai| jaina sAhitya meM batAye gaye sAta bhayoM meM mRtyu bhaya sabase bar3A batAyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AcArAMga3 meM kahA hai ki prANivadharUpa asAtA kaSTa sabhI prANiyoM ke lie mahAbhaya hai| sUtrakRtAMga74 meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki AyuSya kSINa ho jAne para prANI jIvana se cyuta ho jAtA hai| mRtyu ko bhaya yA mahAbhaya mAnane kA pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki hamArA dhyAna sampUrNataH jIvana para hI kendrita rahatA hai| hama mRtyu ke bAre meM socanA hI nahIM cAhate haiN| kintu, jaina manISiyoM ne jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha mRtyu ko bhI eka kalA kahA hai| sAmAnya vyakti viveka ke Aloka meM mRtyu kA varaNa nahIM karatA hai isase usakA jIvana bhI vyartha ho jAtA hai| jainAgamoM meM va Agamottara sAhitya meM maraNa ke saMbaMdha meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra, uttarAdhyananiyukti tathA digambara graMtha mUlArAdhanA meM maraNa ke 17 bheda batAye gaye haiN| unake nAma va krama meM kucha antara hai| samavAyAMgasUtra5 meM maraNa ke 17 bheda isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM 1. AvIcimaraNa, 2. avadhimaraNa, 3. AtyaMtikamaraNa, 4. valAyamaraNa, 5. vazArtamaraNa, 6. antaHzalyamaraNa,7. tadbhavamaraNa,8. bAlamaraNa,9. paNDitamaraNa, 10. bAlapaNDitamaraNa, 11. chadmasthamaraNa, 12. kevalImaraNa, 13. vaihAyasamaraNa, 14. gRddhapRSThamaraNa, 15. bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, 16. iMginImaraNa, 17. paadpopgmnmrnn| bhagavatIsUtra meM terahaveM zataka meM sarvaprathama maraNa ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye ___ 1. AvicimaraNa, 2. avadhimaraNa, 3. AtyantikamaraNa, 4. bAlamaraNa, 5. paMDitamaraNa AcArya abhayadevasUri ne bhagavatIvRtti meM inakI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| graMtha meM inake vibhinna bheda-prabheda kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya zataka meM maraNa ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN|8- 1. bAlamaraNa, 2. paNDitamaraNa / bAlamaraNa bAraha prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| 1. valayamaraNa (tar3aphate hue maranA) 2. vazArtamaraNa zramaNAcAra 255

Page #282
( parAdhInatApUrvaka yA viSayavaza hokara riba-riba kara maranA ), 3. antaHzalyamaraNa (hRdaya meM zalya rakhakara maranA, yA zarIra meM koI tIkhA zastrAdi ghusa jAne se maranA athavA sanmArga se bhraSTa hokara maranA ), 4. tadbhavamaraNa ( marakara usI bhava meM punaH utpanna honA aura maranA ) 5. giripatana, 6. tarupatana, 7. jalapraveza ( pAnI meM DUbakara maranA ), 8. jvalanapraveza (agni meM jalakara maranA ), 9. viSabhakSaNa (viSa khAkara maranA ), 10. zastrAvapATana (zastraghAta maranA ), 11. vaihAyasa maraNa (gale meM phA~sI lagAne yA vRkSa Adi para laTakane se hone vAlA maraNa) 12. gRddhapRSThamaraNa (giddha Adi pakSiyoM dvArA pITha Adi zarIrAvayavoM kA mA~sa khAye jAne se hone vAlA maraNa) bAlamaraNa ke pariNAma ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki bAlamaraNoM se maratA huA jIva ananta bAra nAraka bhavoM ko prApta karatA hai tathA caturgatirUpa isa anAdi ananta saMsAra meM bAra-bAra bhramaNa kara apane saMsAra ko bar3hAtA hai / paNDitamaraNa - sarvavirata sAdhuvarga kA maraNa paNDitamaraNa kahalAtA hai / samyak zraddhA, cAritra evaM vivekapUrvaka maraNa, paNDitamaraNa hai / paNDitamaraNa do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai; 1. pAdapopagamana 2. bhaktapratyAkhyAna pAdapopagamana maraNa - saMthArA karake kaTe hue vRkSa kI taraha jisa sthAna para, jisa rUpa meM eka bAra leTa jAya, phira usI sthAna para nizcala hokara leTe rahanA aura usI rUpa meM samabhAvapUrvaka zarIra tyAga denA / pAdapopagamana maraNa meM hAtha-paira hilAne yA netroM kI palaka jhapakAne kA bhI AgAra nahIM hotA hai / yaha maraNa niyamata: apratikarma ( zarIra ko dhonA, malanA Adi zarIra saMskAra se rahita) hotA hai| graMtha meM pAdapopagamana maraNa ke do bheda kiye haiM; 1. nirdhArima, 2. anirhArima / jisa sAdhu ke zarIra ko upAzrayAdi se bAhara nikAlakara antima saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, use nirdhArima maraNa kahate haiM tathA jo sAdhu guphA, jaMgala Adi meM AhArAdi kA tyAga kara zarIra chor3atA hai, usake zarIra ko bAhara nahIM nikAlA jAtA hai use anirhArima maraNa kahate haiM / bhaktapratyAkhyAna maraNa- jIvanaparyanta ke lie tIna yA cAra prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa karanA bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa hai| ise bhaktaparijJA bhI kahate haiM / iMgItamaraNa bhaktapratyAkhyAna kA hI viziSTa prakAra hai, isalie graMtha meM isakA alaga se ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa niyamataH sapratikarma hotA hai / isameM hAtha-paira hilAne va zarIra kI sArasaMbhAla karane kA AgAra rahatA hai / isake bhI do bheda haiM; 1. nirdhArima 2. anirhArima bhagavatasUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 256

Page #283
samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi " bhagavatIsUtra meM skandakamuni ke prakaraNa meM unake dvArA saMlekhanApUrvaka pAdapopagamana-anazana karake samAdhi-maraNa prApta karane kA pUrA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isase saMlekhanA, saMthArA, anazana va samAdhimaraNa taka kI pUrI yAtrA kA vivaraNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / 'skandakamuni ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se saMthArA karake pAdapopagamana anazana karane kI AjJA mA~gI / bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA AjJA pradAna kI jAne para ve atyanta prasanna va harSita hue| phira khar3e hokara unhoMne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tIna bAra dAhinI ora se pradakSiNA kI aura vandanA - namaskAra karake svayameva pA~ca mahAvratoM kA AropaNa kiyA / phira zramaNa- zramaNiyoM se kSamAyAcanA kI, aura tathArUpa yogya kRtAdi sthaviroM ke sAtha zanai: zanai: vipulAcala para cddh'e| vahA~ megha-samUha ke samAna kAle, devoM ke utarane yogya sthAnarUpa eka pRthvI - zilApaTTa kI pratilekhanA kI tathA uccAra - prastravaNAdi pariSThApanabhUmi kI pratilekhanA kI / aisA karake usa pRthvIzilApaTTa para DAbha kA saMthArA bichAkara, pUrvadizA kI ora mukha karake, paryaMkAsana se baiThakara, dasoM nakha sahita donoM hAthoM ko milAkara mastaka para rakhakara, ( mastaka ke sAtha) donoM hAtha jor3akara isa prakAra bole- 'arihanta bhagavantoM se lekara jo mokSa ko prApta ho cuke haiM, unheM namaskAra ho / avicala zAzvata siddha sthAna ko prApta karane kI icchA vAle zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ko namaskAra ho / (arthAt 'namotthuNaM' ke pATha kA do bAra uccAraNa kiyA) tatpazcAt kahA- 'vahA~ rahe hue bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ko yahA~ rahA huA maiM vandana karatA huuN| ve yahA~ rahe hue mujhako dekheM / ' aisA kahakara bhagavAn ko vandanA - namaskAra kiyA / vandanA - namaskAra karake ve isa prakAra bole- 'maiMne pahale bhI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke pAsa yAvajjIvana ke lie sarva prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha pApoM kA tyAga kiyA thA / isa samaya bhI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke pAsa yAvajjIvana ke lie sarva prANAtipAta se lekara mithyAdarzanazalya taka aThAraha hI pApoM kA tyAga karatA huuN| yaha merA zarIra, jo mujhe iSTa, kAnta, priya hai, jisakI maiMne bAdhA - pIr3A, roga, AtaMka, parISaha aura upasarga Adi se rakSA kI hai, aise zarIra kA bhI antima zvAsocchvAsa taka vyutsarga (mamatva - visarjana ) karatA hU~,' isa prakAra saMlekhanA saMthArA karake, bhakta - pAna kA sarvathA tyAga karake pAdapopagamana (vRkSa kI kaTI huI zAkhA kI taraha sthira rahakara ) anazana karake mRtyu kI AkAMkSA na karate hue rahane lge| eka mAsa taka saMlekhanA saMthArA kA zreSThatA se pAlana karate hue samAdhimaraNa ko prApta hue / zramaNAcAra 257

Page #284
zramaNa nigraMtha ke bheda-prabheda60 bhagavatIsUtra meM zramaNa nigraMtha ke pA~ca pramukha bheda kiye gaye haiM; 1. pulAka, 2. bakuza, 3. kuzIla, 4. nigraMtha, 5. snaatk| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI zramaNa nigraMtha ke ye pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiM- pulAkabakuzuzIla-nigraMthasnAtakA nigraMthAH - (9.48) / pulAka- pulAka kA artha hai, sAra rahita dhAnya knn| jo sAdhu choTe-choTe doSoM ke kAraNa saMyama ko kiMcitrUpa se asAra kara detA hai, vaha pulAka kahalAtA hai| pulAka ke 5 pramukha bheda batAye haiN| 1. jJAnapulAka, 2. darzanapulAka, 3. cAritrapulAka, 4. liMgapulAka, 5. ythaasuukssmpulaak| bakuza- bakuza kA artha hai, citkbraa| jisakA saMyama citakabarA ho gayA, vaha bakuza kahalAtA hai| bakuza ke pA~ca bheda isa prakAra haiM; 1. Abhogabakuza, 2. anAbhogabakuza, 3. saMvRtabakuza, 4. asaMvRtabakuza, 5. yathAsUkSmabakuza kuzIla- jisakA cAritra kutsita ho gayA ho, vaha zramaNa kuzIla kahalAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM- 1. pratisevanAkuzIla, 2. kaSAyakuzIla nigraMtha- nigraMtha ke pA~ca prakAra isa prakAra haiM- 1. prathama-samaya-nigraMtha, 2. aprathama-samaya-nigraMtha, 3. carama-samaya-nigraMtha, 4. acarama-samaya-nigraMtha, 5. yathAsUkSma-nigraMtha snAtaka- pUrNatayA zuddha akhaNDa evaM sugandhita cAvala ke samAna zuddha akhaNDa cAritra vAlA nigraMtha snAtaka kahalAtA hai| snAtaka ke pA~ca bheda isa prakAra kiye haiM; 1. acchavi, 2. asabala, 3. akarmAMza, 4. saMzuddha jJAna-darzanadhara, 5. aparisrAvI ___graMtha meM zramaNa nigraMtha ke pA~ca pramukha bheda tathA unake avAntara prabheda ke pazcAt inake svarUpa para veda, rAga, kalpacAritra, pratisevanA, jJAna Adi dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| saMyata ke bheda-prabhedana jo sAmAyika Adi pA~ca cAritroM kA pAlana karane vAlA hotA hai, vaha saMyata kahalAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM saMyata ke 5 prakAra batAye gaye haiM; 1. sAmAyikasaMyata, 2. chedopasthApanika saMyata, 3. parihAravizuddhikasaMyata, 4. sUkSmasamparAyasaMyata, 5. ythaakhyaatsNyt| inake svarUpa ko bhagavatIsUtra meM isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA gayA hai 258 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #285
1. sAmAyikasaMyata- sAmAyika-cAritra ko aMgIkAra karane ke pazcAt cAturyAma dharma (cAra mahAvrata se yukta dharma) kA jo mana, vacana aura kAyA se trividha pAlana karatA hai, vaha sAmAyika saMyata kahalAtA hai| 2. chedopasthApanIyasaMyata- prAcIna (pUrva) paryAyoM kA chedana kara jo zramaNa apanI AtmA ko paMcayAma (pA~ca mahAvrata yukta) dharma meM sthApita karatA hai, vaha chedopasthApanIya-saMyata kahalAtA hai| 3. parihAravizuddhikasaMyata- jo saMyata paMcamahAvratarUpa anuttara dharma kA mana, vacana va kAyA se trividha pAlana karatA huA, Atma-vizuddhi karane vAle tapazcaraNa ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha parihAravizuddhikasaMyata kahalAtA hai| 4. sUkSmasamparAyasaMyata- jo sUkSma lobha kA vedana karatA huA (cAritra mohanIya karma) kA upazamaka hotA hai yA kSaya karane vAlA hotA hai, vaha sUkSmasaMparAya saMyata hotA hai| vaha yathAkhyAtasaMyata se kucha hIna hotA hai| 5. yathAkhyAtasaMyata- mohanIya karma ke upazAMta yA kSINa ho jAne para jo chadmastha yA jina hotA hai, vaha yathAkhyAtasaMyata kahalAtA hai| paccIsaveM zataka ke sAtaveM uddezaka meM isake svarUpa para bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| saMdarbha 1. vyA. sU., 8.10.3-18 2. vahI,7.2.1 vahI, 8.8.8,9 vyA. sU., 8.10.2 vahI, 8.10.4,5-6 6. bhagavatIvatti, patrAMka,419-420 vahI, 2.1.37,50 uttarAdhyayana, 21.12 vyA. sU., 1.4.12, 7.8.1 10. uttarAdhyayana, 24.1,3 vyA. sU., 2.1.37 12. sthAnAMgasUtra, muni madhukara, 8.17, pR. 633 13. uttarAdhyayana, bRhadvRtti, pR. 514 14. 'samyagyoganigraho guptiH - tattvArthasUtra, 9.4 15. vyA. sU., 2.1.37 16. mUlArAdhanA, (bhAga-2) 6.1196 ---- 17. vyA.sU., 25.7.190 in & in on ooo zramaNAcAra 259

Page #286
18. vyA. sU., 25.7.191-193 19. vahI, 10.2.7-8 20. vyA. sU., (bhAga-4), prastAvanA, pR. 42 sthAnAMga, muni madhukara, 10.72, pR. 709 22. vyA. sU., 25.7.195 uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 26 vyA. sU., 25.7.195 tattvArthasUtra, 9.22 dazavaikAlikavRtti, 1.3 sthAnAMga, muni madhukara, 10.16, pR. 695 samavAyAMga, samavAya, 10 NANaM ca dasaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo thaa| __ esa maggo tti pannatto jiNehiM varadaMsihiM / / - (28.2) 30. vyA. sU., 2.1, 1.9,9.33 31. vyA. sU., 2.5.24 32. vyA. sU., (bhAga-4), prastAvanA, pR. 42 33. AvazyakamalayagirivRtti (khaNDa-2), adhyayana 1 vyA. sU., 16.4.7 35. vahI, 25.7.196-255 36. vahI, 16.4.2-7 37. vahI, 1.9.18 38. vahI, 8.6.1 39. 'rAjagihe nagare ucca-nIya-majjhimAiM kulAiM gharasamudANassa bhikkhAyariyaM aDati' vyA. sU., 2.5.23 40. dazavaikAlika, muni, madhukara, 5.84, pR. 151 vyA. sU., 7.1.20 'samuyANaM uMchamesijjA jahAsuttamaNindiM lAbhAlAbha saMtuDhe piNDavAyaM care muNI'- uttarAdhyayana, 35.16 vyA. sU., 9.11.43 vahI,7.1.17-21 45. vahI, 8.6.4-6 46. vahI, 1.9.26-27 47. vahI, 5.6.15-18 48. vyA. sU., 9.33.92 49. 'bilamiva pannagabhUeNaM appANeNaM AhAramAhAreti........,' vahI, 7.1.20 260 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #287
60. 50. vahI, 3.1, 3.2 51. 'dhammassa viNao mUlaM' - dazavaikAlika, 9.2.2 52. sthAnAMgasUtra, muni madhukara, 5.1.44-45, pR. 462 53. vahI, 8.111, pR. 654 54. vahI, 5.3.223, pR. 526 55. sajjhAe vA niutteNaM savvadukkhavimokkhaNe- uttarAdhyayana, 26.10 56. sthAnAMga, muni madhukara, 5.3.220 pR. 525 57. tattvArthasUtra, 9.27 58. jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pR. 593 59. 'kAyassa viussaggo chaTTho so parikittio'- uttarAdhyayana, 30.36 __ tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9.26.10 61. Avazyakaniyukti, 1552 vyA. sU., 8.8.24 'mArgA'cyavananirjarArtha parisoDhavyAH parISahAH' - tattvArthasUtra, 9.8 uttarAdhyayana, 31.5 65. uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 2 66. samavAyAMga, muni, madhukara 22.150, pR. 85 67. vyA. sU., 8.8.25-29 68. vahI, 2.1.40-42 dazAzrutaskandha, sAtavIMdazA jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pR. 480 vyA. sU., 2.1.43-44 ___ 'jIvema zarada zataM'- yajurveda, 26.244 'savvesiM sattANaM assAtaM aparinivvANaM mahabbhayaM dukkhaM ti bemi'- AcArAMga, muni madhukara, 1.1.6.49 pR. 28 74. sUtrakRtAMga, 'veyAliya', adhyayana 2 gA. 2 75. samavAyAMga, muni kanhaiyAlAla kamala, 17.9 vyA. sU., 13.7.23 77. bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka 625 78. vyA.sU., 2.1.25-30 79. vahI, 2.1.48-51 80. vahI, 25.6 81. vahI, 25.7 70. 71. zramaNAcAra 261

Page #288
zrAvakAcAra jainAgama graMthoM meM zramaNa kI AcAra evaM caryA ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvaka (gRhastha) kI dainika caryA evaM sAdhanA ke lie bhI kucha niyamoM kA vidhAna huA hai| jaina zAstroM meM gRhastha ke sAmAjika evaM AdhyAtmika zodhana hetu pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata evaM pA~ca zikSAvratoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina niyamoM ke vidhAna dvArA jaina AcArasaMhitA meM jahA~ eka ora gRhastha ke AcaraNa ko pariSkRta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora parigraha, hiMsA jaisI samAja virodhI vRttiyoM ko bhI niyaMtrita karane kI koziza huI hai| vastutaH jaina zrAvakAcAra saMhitA vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha svastha samAja ke nirmANa meM bhI sahAyaka hai| zrAvaka zabda kA artha evaM svarUpa zrAvaka ke lie jainAgama graMthoM meM sAgAra, zramaNopAsaka, upAsaka, AgArika, agAra Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| upAsakadazAMga zrAvakadharma kA pratinidhi graMtha hai| isa graMtha meM gRhasthadharma ke lie gihidhamma, sAvayadhamma, agAradhamma, uvAsagadhamma tathA zrAvaka ke lie zramaNopAsaka, upAsaka, gihi, agAra, sAvaya Adi zabda prayukta hue haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM zrAvaka ke lie zramaNopAsaka, upAsaka, sAvaya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| umAsvAti ne zrAvakaprajJapti meM zrAvaka zabda para vicAra karate hue kahA hai ki jo samyagdRSTi sAdhuoM ke pAsa utkRSTa samAcArI zravaNa karatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai| vastutaH jo dAna, tapa va zIla bhAva kI ArAdhanA karate hue zubhayogoM se ATha prakAra ke karma kI nirjarA karatA hai, zramaNoM ke samIpa samAcArI kA zravaNa kara usI prakAra kA AcaraNa karane kA prayatna karatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai| zrAvaka zabda ke ukta artha se zrAvaka kI AcAra-caryA ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai| vibhinna jainAgamoM meM zrAvaka kI AcAra-caryA Adi ke viSaya meM vivacena prApta hotA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM zrAvaka ke tIna manorathoM kA cintana huA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM gyAraha pratimAoM ke nAma milate haiN| upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM 262 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #289
zrAvakAcAra para vistAra se varNana hai / isameM AnaMda zrAvaka bhagavAn mahAvIra se pA~ca aNuvrata, sAta zikSAvrata va bAda meM gyAraha pratimAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / dazAzrutaskandha zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA varNana hai / AgamottarakAlIna sAhitya tattvArthasUtra' meM bAraha zrAvaka vratoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / pazcAt meM jainAcAryoM dvArA zrAvaka ke vratAcAra para svataMtra graMtha bhI likhe gaye haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM zrAvakAcAra bhagavatIsUtra meM upAsakadazAMga kI taraha zrAvaka kI AcAra -caryA kA vistAra se pratipAdana nahIM hai / kintu, tuMgikAnagarI ke zramaNopAsakoM kI dainika caryA kA saMkSipta vivaraNa zrAvakAcAra kI kramabaddha prakriyA ko samajhane ke lie paryApta hai / isake atirikta vibhinna zrAvakoM ke prakaraNa va kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se zrAvaka ke vratAcAra para prakAza par3atA hai| zaMkha zrAvaka ke prakaraNa meM pauSadhavrata kI vidhi va phala kA varNana hai / somila brAhmaNa ke prasaMga meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA ullekha hai / isI prakAra graMtha meM RSibhadra zramaNopAsaka" madruka zrAvaka 12 kArtika zreSThI zrAvaka Adi ke prakaraNa varNita haiN| zrAvaka ke atirikta graMtha meM utpalA zrAvikA 14 jayantI zrAvikA 15 Adi ke prakaraNa bhI varNita haiM / jayantI zrAvikA jIva- ajIva Adi tattvoM kI jJAtA thI tathA vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zramaNoM ko zayyA upalabdha karAne ke lie prasiddha thI / bhagavatIsUtra meM usake lie 'puvvasejjAyarI' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / tuMgikAnagarI ke zramaNopAsaka " bhagavatIsUtra ke dUsare zataka meM varNita tuMgikAnagarI ke zramaNopAsakoM kI jIvanacaryA zrAvakadharma kA jIvanta citra upasthita karatI hai / 've jIva aura ajIva, puNya aura pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, kriyA, adhikaraNa, bandha aura mokSa ke viSaya meM kuzala the / ve (kisI bhI kArya meM dUsaroM se) sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM rakhate the| nirgratha pravacana meM itane dRr3ha the ki deva, asura, nAga, suparNa, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kimpuruSa, garur3a, gandharva, mahoraga Adi devagaNoM ke dvArA nirgrathapravacana se vicalita nahIM kiye jA sakate the| ve nirgratha pravacana ke prati niHzaMkita the, niSkAMkSita the tathA vicikitsArahita ( phalAzaMkArahita ) the| unhoMne zAstroM ke arthoM ko bhalIbhAMti upalabdha kara liyA thA / unakI haDDiyA~ aura majjAe~ (naseM) nirgrathapravacana ke prati premAnurAga meM raMgI huI thIM / unake ghara ke dvAra yAcakoM ke lie sadaiva khule rahate the| ve zIlavrata ( zikSAvrata ), guNavrata, viramaNavrata (aNuvrata), I zrAvakAcAra 263

Page #290
pratyAkhyAna (tyAga-niyama), pauSadhopavAsa Adi kA samyak AcaraNa karate the| zramaNoM ko prAsuka va eSaNIya AhAra, vastrAdi upalabdha karAte tathA apanI zakti ke anusAra tapakarma se AtmA ko bhAvita karate the|' __isI prasaMga meM zrAvaka ke pA~ca abhigamoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| tuMgikAnagarI ke zramaNopAsaka zramaNoM ke nikaTa pahu~cane se pUrva nimna pA~ca abhigamoM ko dhAraNa karate haiN| 1. phUla, tAmbUla Adi sacitta dravyoM kA tyAga 2. vastra Adi acitta dravyoM ko sAtha meM rakhanA 3. ekazATika uttarAsaMga karanA 4. sthavira-bhagavantoM ko dekhate hI donoM hAtha jor3anA 5. mana ko ekAgra karanA zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata jaina paramparA meM jahA~ zramaNa ke AcAra ke lie paMcamahAvrata, samiti, gupti, bhikSupratimA Adi nirUpaNa huA hai vahIM zrAvakoM ke AcAra ko dvAdazavratoM ke mAdhyama se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| dvAdazavratoM meM pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata va cAra zikSAvrata samAhita hote haiN| zrAvakAcAra ke pramukha graMtha upAsakadazAMga meM guNavratoM va zikSAvratoM ko saMyukta rUpa se zikSAvrata hI kahA gayA hai| vahA~ pA~ca aNuvrata tathA sAta zikSAvrata milAkara bAraha prakAra ke gRhasthadharma kA ullekha huA hai- paMcANuvvaiyaM sattasikkhAvaiyaM duvAlasavihaM gihidhamma paDivajissAmi - (1.12) vipAkasUtrameM subAhu kumAra dvArA zrAvaka ke bArahavratoM ko grahaNa karane kA prasaMga varNita hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM somila brAhmaNa dvArA bAraha zrAvaka vratoM ko grahaNa karane kA varNana milatA hai| tuMgikAnagarI ke zramaNopAsakoM kI jIvanacaryA ke varNana meM bhI zIlavrata, guNavrata, viramaNavrata, pratyAkhyAna, pauSadha Adi kA ullekha hai| madhukaramuni ne vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM zIlavrata se tAtparya zikSAvratoM se tathA viramaNavratoM se aNuvratoM kA tAtparya grahaNa kiyA hai| pratyAkhyAna va pauSadha ke saMbaMdha meM bhI graMtha meM yatra-tatra vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pratyAkhyAna ke bhedoM ke vivecana meM dezamUlaguNapratyAkhyAna se tAtparya pA~ca aNuvratoM ke pratyAkhyAna se tathA sAtadezauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna se tAtparya tIna guNavrata va cAra zikSAvratoM ke pratyAkhyAna se hai| 264 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #291
aNuvrata aNu + vrata, arthAt choTevrata / aNuvrata mahAvrata kA laghu saMskaraNa hai | zramaNa hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi kA pUrNa tyAga karatA hai ataH ve mahAvrata kahalAte haiM / zrAvaka jaba unakA pAlana sImita rUpa se karatA hai to ve aNuvrata kahalAte haiM / bhagavatIsUtra 20 meM aNuvratoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca mAnI gaI hai / yathA 1. sthUlaprANAtipAta se viramaNa (ahiMsAaNuvrata ) 2. sthUlamRSAvAda se viramaNa (satyANuvrata ) 3. sthUlaadattAdAna se viramaNa (asteyANuvrata) 4. sthUla maithuna se viramaNa (brahmacaryANuvrata) 5. sthUla parigraha se viramaNa (aparigraha - aNuvrata) ahiMsA aNuvrata- jIvanaparyanta mana, vacana evaM kAyA se sthUla prANAtipAta na svayaM karanA na karavAnA ahiMsA aNuvrata hai / 21 vivekapUrvaka pUrNa sAvadhAnI rakhane para bhI yadi kisI prANI kI hiMsA ho jAya to zrAvaka ke ahiMsA vrata kA bhaMga nahIM hotA hai / bhagavatIsUtra 22 meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi kisI zrAvaka ne vanaspatikAya yA sakAya jIva kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna liyA hai aura pRthvI khodate samaya usase kisI trasa yA vanaspatikAya kI hatyA ho jAya to usakA vrata bhaMga nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vaha trasa yA vanaspatikAya jIva kI hatyA ke lie pravRta nahIM thA / 1 satya aNuvrata - upAsakadazAMga 23 meM mRSAvAda ko asatya kahA hai / isa vrata ko dhAraNa karane vAlA zrAvaka sthUlamRSAvAda kA tyAga karatA hai / AcArya samantabhadra 24 ne sthUlamRSAviramaNa ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki zrAvaka sthUla asatya svayaM na bole, na dUsaroM se bulavAve, sAtha hI aisA bhASaNa na kare jisase dUsaroM para kaSToM kA pahAr3a hI Dhaha jAya / sthUla asatya ke pA~ca mukhya prakAra batAye gaye haiM25- 1. kanyA ke saMbaMdha meM mithyA jAnakArI denA, 2. gAya Adi ke saMbaMdha meM asatya bolanA, 3. bhUmi ke saMbaMdha meM jhUThI jAnakArI denA, 4. nyAya - dharohara ke saMbaMdha meM asatya bolanA, 5. jhUThI sAkSI denA / asteya aNuvrata - asteya kA sAdhAraNa artha hai corI na karanA / upAsakadazAMga 26 meM adattAdAna ko corI kahA gayA hai| isake lie vahAM 'adiNNAdANaM' zabda AyA hai, jisakA sAmAnya artha hai binA dI gaI vastu ko grahaNa karanA / sthUlaadattAdAna kA do karaNa va tIna yoga se tyAga karanA asteya aNuvrata kahalAtA hai| ratnakaraNDaka - zrAvakAcAra 27 ke anusAra jo dUsare kI rakhI zrAvakAcAra 265

Page #292
huI, girI huI, bhUlI huI vastu ko aura binA diye hue dhana ko na to svayaM letA hai na uThAkara dUsaroM ko detA hai, use acauryANuvratadhArI kahate haiN| brahmacarya aNuvrata- brahmacarya aNuvrata kA sAmAnya artha abrahma kA sevana na karanA hai| upAsakadazAMga28 meM apanI patnI ke atirikta anya striyoM se maithuna sevana karanA abrahma kA svarUpa mAnA gayA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne para-mahilA se maithuna sevana karanA abrahma mAnA hai| AvazyakasUtra meM eka mAtra apanI patnI meM saMtoSa kara isake atirikta saba prakAra ke maithuna ke tyAga ko brahmacarya aNuvrata mAnA hai| isa prakAra brahmacarya aNuvrata meM zrAvaka kAmavAsanA se pUrNa-nivRtta to nahIM hotA hai parantu saMyamita ho jAtA hai| aparigraha aNuvrata- 'jahA lAho tahA loho' uttarAdhyayana kI yaha ukti parigraha kA mUla hai upAsakadazAMgasUtra meM aparimita icchA zakti ko hI parigraha kA kAraNa mAnA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM 'yaha vastu merI hai', vyakti ke isa prakAra ke mamatva ko parigraha kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra34 meM dhanya-dhAnyAdi kA parigraha parimANa karake usase adhika meM niHspRha rahane ko parimita parigrahavrata kahA hai| guNavrata aNuvratoM ko paripuSTa va unnata banAne ke lie zrAvaka kI AcAra saMhitA meM guNavratoM evaM zikSAvratoM kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ye vrata vyakti ko niyamita, saMyamita kara tyAga va dAna kI ora prerita karate haiN| aNuvratoM ke pAlana meM jo kaThinAIyA~ AtI haiM unheM guNavrata dUra karate haiN| aNuvratoM ke guNoM kI rakSA va vikAsa karane vAle hone ke kAraNa hI inheM guNavrata kahA gayA hai| guNavratoM kI saMkhyA tIna mAnI gaI hai; 1. digvata, 2. upabhoga-paribhoga parimANavrata, 3. anrthdnnddvirmnnvrt| digvrata- ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM isake svarUpa ko batAte hue kahA hai ki dasoM dizAoM kI maryAdA karake sUkSma pApoM kI nivRtti ke lie 'maiM isase bAhara nahIM jAU~gA' isa prakAra kA maraNaparyanta taka ke lie saMkalpa digvrata hai| AvazyakasUtra meM bAraha vratoM ke aticAra ke pATha meM Urdhva, adho evaM tiryaka dizA kA yathAparimANa tathA pA~ca Asrava sevana ke tyAga ko digvrata kahA hai| upabhogaparibhogaparimANa vrata- upabhoga va paribhoga vAle padArthoM kI maryAdA karanA hI upabhogaparibhogaparimANa vrata kahalAtA hai| isa vrata ko dhAraNa karane meM zrAvaka yaha maryAdA karatA hai ki amuka-amuka padArthoM ke atirikta zeSa padArthoM 266 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #293
kA upabhoga-paribhoga nahIM kruuNgaa| isake lie zAstroM meM vibhinna padArthoM kI sUcI dI hai| upAsakadazAMga37 meM 21 padArthoM kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM 26 padArthoM kI maryAdA nizcita kI gaI hai| ___ anarthadaNDaviramaNavrata- upAsakadazAMga' meM cAra prakAra ke anarthadaNDa batAye gaye haiM; apadhyAna, pramAda, hiMsAkArI zastra pradAna tathA pApakarma kA upadeza / ina cAroM prakAra ke anarthadaNDoM ke tyAga kI maryAdA nizcita karanA anarthadaNDaviramaNa vrata mAnA hai| isa vrata ke antargata zrAvaka ArtadhyAna, binA prayojana hiMsA ke kArya, hiMsAtmaka zastroM, pApakarma upadeza evaM kumArga kI ora prerita karane vAle sAdhanoM ko tyAgakara jIvana ko hiMsA se bacAkara sadAcArayukta banAtA hai| zikSAvrata zikSA se tAtparya abhyAsa se hai| zrAvaka ko jina vratoM kA punaH punaH abhyAsa karanA cAhiye ve zikSAvrata kahalAte haiN| zikSAvrata ke lie bhagavatIsUtra meM zIlavrata zabda kA prayoga huA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne zIlavrata kI mahattA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jaise parakoTe nagara kI rakSA karate haiM, vaise hI zIlavrata aNuvratoM kI rakSA karate haiN| jainagraMthoM meM isake lie zikSAvrata kA prayoga huA hai| aNuvrata va guNavrata jIvana meM eka bAra grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, kintu zikSAvrata kucha samaya ke lie bAra-bAra grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| zikSAvrata cAra mAne gaye haiM; 1. sAmAyika, 2. dezAvakAzika, 3. pauSadhopavAsa, 4. atithisNvibhaag| sAmAyika vrata- mana, vacana va kAyA dvArA AtmA meM ramaNa karane kI prakriyA sAmAyika hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM to abhedopacAra se AtmA ko hI sAmAyika kahA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra Adi graMthoM meM eka nizcita samaya taka hiMsAdi pA~coM pApoM kA tIna karaNa va tIna yoga se tyAga karane ko sAmAyika kahA hai| sAmAyika kI mahattA ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki sAmAyika ke abhAva meM cAhe kitane hI tapazcaraNa kiye jAye, kaSTa sahana kiye jAye, japa kiye jAye, zramaNaveza dhAraNa kara bAhya cAritra kA pAlana kiyA jAya, kintu samabhAvarUpI sAmAyika ke abhAva meM kisI ko mukti nahIM milatI hai| dezAvakAzikavrata- kucha samaya ke lie dizAoM kI maryAdA ko nizcita karanA, dezAvakAzikavrata hai| dezAvakAzikavrata prahara, muhUrta va dinabhara ke lie bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM kahA hai ki dizAparimANavrata kA pratidina saMkoca kiyA jAtA hai aura usa saMkucita sImA ke bAhara ke Asrava zrAvakAcAra 267

Page #294
sevana kA tyAga evaM sImA meM maryAdita vastu se jyAdA vastu kA sevana nahIM karanA dezAvakAzita hai| vastutaH dezAvakAzika vrata meM na kevala digvrata kI maryAdA saMkSipta kI jAtI hai apitu aNuvratoM kA bhI saMkSiptikaraNa ho jAtA hai| pauSadha 1 pauSadha kA artha hai apane nikaTa rahanA / arthAt parasvarUpa se haTakara svasvarUpa meM sthita honA pauSadha vrata hai / pauSadha kA zAbdika artha hai, poSanA arthAt tRpta honA / pratidina bhojana dvArA hama zarIra ko tRpta karate haiM / isa vrata ke pAlana dvArA zrAvaka dinabhara upAsanAgRha meM dharmasAdhanA meM rata hokara, AtmA ke nikaTa pahu~cakara use tRpta karate haiN| zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM eka dina - rAta ke lie cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga, abrahmacaryasevana, maNi, suvarNa, puSpamAlA, sugandhitacUrNa, talavAra, hala, mUsala Adi sAvadyayogoM ke tyAga ko pauSadhopavAsa mAnA hai| AvazyakavRtti" meM pauSadha ke cAra bheda batAye gaye haiM; 1. AhArapauSadha, 2. zarIrapauSadha, 3. brahmacaryapauSadha, 4. avyApArapauSadha / AhArapauSadha - caturvidha AhAra kA tyAga karake dharmadhyAna meM adhika samaya vyatIta karanA / zarIrapauSadha - snAna, vilepana, ubaTana, puSpagaMdha, AbhUSaNa Adi kA tyAga karake zarIra ko dharmAcaraNa meM lagAnA / brahmacaryapauSadha- sabhI prakAra ke maithuna kA tyAga kara brahmarUpa hokara AtmA meM ramaNa karanA brahmacarya pauSadha hai / avyApArapauSadha- AjIvikA ke vyavasAya tathA zastra Adi kA tyAga kara sabhI sAvadya pravRttiyoM ko chor3anA avyApArapauSadha hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM pauSadha ke do prakAroM kA ullekha hai1. AhArasevanayuktasAmUhikapauSadha, 2. caturvidha AhAratyAgapauSadha AhArasevanayuktasAmUhika pauSadha7 - zaMkha zramaNopAsaka va anya zramaNopAsakoM dvArA sAtha milakara caturvidha AhAra taiyAra karavAkara usakA AsvAdana karate hue va eka dUsare ko dete hue pAkSika pauSadha kA ahorAtra pAlana karane kI yojanA banAI gii| bAda meM zaMkha zrAvaka ko chor3akara anya zramaNopAsakoM dvArA isI prakAra kA sAmUhika pauSadha kiyA gyaa| ise vartamAna meM dezapauSadha, dezAvakAzikavrata rUpa pauSadha, dayAvrata yA chakAyA bhI kahate haiM 48 268 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #295
caturvidhaAhAratyAgapauSadha - caturvidha AhAra tyAga kara zaMkha zrAvaka dvArA ekAntika pauSadha kiyA gyaa| isa pauSadha kA svarUpa graMtha meM isa prakAra vivecita hai- 'zaMkha zrAvaka brahmacaryapUrvaka, maNi, suvarNa, mAlA, varNaka, vilepana, zastra, mUsala Adi kA tyAga kara apanI pauSadhazAlA meM Akara akele hI dharmajAgaraNa kA vicAra karatA hai / phira patnI utpalA ko pUchakara pauSadhazAlA meM Akara pauSadhazAlA kA pramArjana (saphAI) karatA hai, uccAraNa- prastravaNa (malamUtra visarjana) kI bhUmi kI pratilekhanA karane ke pazcAt DAbha kA saMstAraka ( bichaunA) bichAkara usa para baiThakara tathArUpa pAkSikapauSadha kA pAlana karate hue ahorAtra bitAtA hai / dUsare dina sUryodaya hone para pauSadhazAlA se nikalakara paidala calakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana kara unakI paryupAsanA karatA hai / isa pauSadha ke phalasvarUpa usane sudarzana nAmaka jAgarikA jAgRta kI 150 zaMkha zrAvaka dvArA kiye gaye pauSadha meM AvazyakavRtti meM diye gaye pauSadha ke cAroM prakAroM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| zaMkha zrAvaka dvArA caturvidha AhAra, vilepana, astra-zastra Adi kA tyAga kara brahmacaryapUrvaka yaha pauSadha kiyA gyaa| pauSadha kI tithiyA~ bhagavatIsUtra meM caturdazI, aSTamI, amAvasyA aura pUrNimA ina parvatithiyoM meM zramaNopAsakoM dvArA pratipUrNa pauSadha ke samyak pAlana kA ullekha huA hai| upAsakadazAMgasUtra" meM abhayadevasUri ne dvitIyA, paMcamI, aSTamI, ekAdazI tathA caturdazI ko parvatithiyA~ mAnA hai / yogazAstra aura tattvArthabhASya meM aSTamI, caturdazI, pUrNimA tathA amAvasyA parvatithiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM / ina tithiyoM ke dinoM meM pauSavrata kA pAlana vizeSa rUpa se kiyA jAtA hai / I aticAra I upAsakadazAMga" meM pauSadha ke pA~ca aticAroM kA varNana hai 1. apratilekhita - duSpratilekhita zayyA saMstAra 2. apramArjita - duSpramArjita - zayyAsaMstAra 3. apratilekhita - duSpratilekhita uccAraprasravaNabhUmi 4. apramArjita duSpramArjita uccAraprasravaNa bhUmi 5. pauSadha - samyakananupAlana bhagavatIsUtra meM zaMkha zrAvaka dvArA ina pA~coM aticAra kA tyAga karate hue vidhipUrvaka pauSadha kiyA gyaa| pauSadhazAlA meM Akara vidhipUrvaka pauSadhazAlA kA zrAvakAcAra 269

Page #296
pramArjana kiyA, uccAraNaprastravaNa kI bhUmi kA pratilekhana kiyaa| phira DAbha kA saMstAraka bichAkara brahmacaryapUrvaka samyaka prakAra se pauSadha kA pAlana kiyaa| atithisaMvibhAga vrata- yaha cauthA zikSAvrata hai| isa vrata meM sevA, dAna karuNA aura paramArtha kI bhAvanAe~ hI mukhya rUpa se rahatI haiN| isa vrata kA anupAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka sva-kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha para-kalyANa kA bhI prayAsa karatA hai| upAsakadazAMga TIkA meM ucita rUpa se muni Adi cAritra sampanna yogyapAtroM ko anna, vastra Adi kA yathAzakti vitaraNa ko atithisaMvibhAga vrata kahA hai| zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra meM isakA svarUpa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki nigraMtha sAdhuoM ko acitta doSa rahita azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya AhAra tathA auSadhi kA yoga milane para dAna denA atithisaMvibhAga vrata hai| tattvArthasUtra meM atithisaMvibhAgavata ke mAdhyama se dAna pradAna karate samaya cAra bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka batAyA hai- vidhi, dravya, dAtA va pAtra / AvazyakavRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki zrAvaka ne apane lie jo AhArAdi kA nirmANa kiyA hai yA anya sAdhana prApta kiye haiM, unameM se eSaNA samiti se yukta nispRha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko kalpanIya evaM grAhya AhAra Adi dene ke lie vibhAga karanA yathAsaMvibhAga hai| - bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki tuMgikAnagarI ke zramaNopAsakoM ke daravAje yAcakoM ke lie sadaiva khule rahate the| ve zramaNa nigraMthoM ko prAsuka aura eSaNIya azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima AhAra, vastra, pAtra, kambala, rajoharaNa, pITha, phalaka, zayyA, saMstAraka, auSadha aura bheSaja Adi upalabdha karAte the| zuddharUpa se isa vrata ko pAlana karane vAlA mokSamArgI banatA hai| isa vrata kI mahattA tathA isake zreSTha phala ko batAte hue bhagavatIsUtra ke sAtaveM zataka meM kahA hai- tathArUpa (uttama) zramaNa aura mAhana ko prAsuka va eSaNIya azana, pAna, khAdima, svAdima AhAra dvArA pratilAbhita karatA huA zramaNopAsaka usa zramaNa yA mAhana ko samAdhi upalabdha karAtA hai tathA svayaM bhI samAdhi ko prApta hotA hai| vaha zramaNopAsaka jIvita (jIvana nirvAha ke yogya) kA tyAga karatA hai, dustyaja vastu kA tyAga karatA hai, duSkara kArya karatA hai, durlabha vastu kA lAbha letA hai, bodhi (samyagdarzana) kA bodha prApta karatA hai aura anta meM siddha-buddha-mukta hotA hai| dAna dete samaya vidhi, dravya, dAtA va pAtra cAroM hI zuddha hone cAhiye tabhI isa vrata kA sampUrNa pAlana saMbhava hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai tathArUpa zramaNa yA mAhana ko prAsuka, va eSaNIya AhAra dvArA pratilAbhita karane vAlA zramaNopAsaka 270 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #297
ekAnta rUpa se nirjarA karatA hai, usake pApa-karma nahIM lagate haiN| tathArUpa zramaNa ko aprAsuka va aneSaNIya AhAra dene para zramaNopAsaka ke bahuta nirjarA hotI hai tathA alpatara pApa-karma hotA hai| kintu asayaMta, avirata, pApakarmoM kA jisane nirodha nahIM kiyA use prAsuka yA aprAsuka, eSaNIya yA aneSaNIya azana-pAnAdi dene vAle zramaNopAsaka ke ekAnta pApakarma hotA hai, kisI prakAra kI nirjarA nahIM hotI hai| saMlekhanA __ kucha jaina graMthoM meM saMlekhanA ko bhI zrAvaka vratoM meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| vasunandizrAvakAcAra2 meM ise cauthA zikSAvrata mAnA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki vastramAtra parigraha ko rakhakara avaziSTa samasta parigraha ko chor3akara pAna ke sivAya tIna prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karanA saMlekhanA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM maraNakAla ke upasthita hone para prItipUrvaka niyama ko saMlekhanA kahA hai| amitagati zrAvakAcAra4 meM kahA hai ki apane durnivara ati bhayaMkara maraNa kA Agamana jAnakara tattvajJAnI dhIra-vIra zrAvaka apane bAMdhavoM ko pUchakara saMlekhanA kre| bhagavatIsUtra meM RSibhadraputra zramaNopAsaka dvArA mAsika saMlekhanA kara sAThabhakta ke anazana dvArA chedana kara samAdhi prApta karane kA ullekha huA hai| pratyAkhyAna pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai pravRttiyoM ko sImita yA maryAdita krnaa| AcArya abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMga TIkA meM likhA hai ki apramattabhAva ko jagAne ke lie jo maryAdApUrvaka saMkalpa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pratyAkhyAna hai| pratyAkhyAnavrata kA zramaNAcAra va zrAvakAcAra donoM meM hI samAveza hotA hai| jaina paraMparA meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki zramaNa ho yA zrAvaka vaha jaba taka asad AcaraNa se mukta hone kI pratijJA (pratyAkhyAna) nahIM karatA hai vaha usa asad pravRtti se mukta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki yadyapi vaha usa asad AcaraNa ko karatA nahIM para paristhitivaza vaha usa asad AcaraNa ko apanA sakatA hai| __jIvana meM pratyAkhyAna kA bar3A mahattva hai| pratidina thor3A-thor3A tyAga karane se vyakti meM anAsakti kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai va tRSNA kama hotI jAtI hai| pratyAkhyAna ke mahattva ko batAte hue uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki - paccakkhANeNaM AsavadArAI niraMbhai - (29.14) arthAt pratyAkhyAna se karmoM kA Asrava dvAra baMda ho jAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra7 meM kahA gayA hai ki pratyAkhyAna kA zrAvakAcAra 271

Page #298
phala saMyama hai aura saMyama kA phala anAsravatva hai| pratyAkhyAna se jIvana meM karmabaMdha nahIM hotA hai| isI kAraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM pApakarma kA pratighAta va pratyAkhyAna karane vAle ko dharma meM sthita tathA pApakarma kA pratighAta va pratyAkhyAna nahIM karane vAle ko adharma meM sthita kahA gayA hai| pratyAkhyAna ke kucha nimna prakAroM kA graMtha meM ullekha huA hai| yoga pratyAkhyAna (mana, vacana va kAya saMbaMdhI pravRttiyoM ko rokanA), zarIra pratyAkhyAna (zarIra se mamatva haTAnA), kaSAya pratyAkhyAna (krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM ko jItanA), saMbhoga pratyAkhyAna (bhojana ko maNDalIbaddha baiThakara khAne kA tyAga), upadhi pratyAkhyAna (vastrAdi upakaraNoM kA tyAga), bhakta pratyAkhyAna (saMlekhanA saMthArA karanA) / pratyAkhyAna ke ina sabhI prakAroM kA antima phala mokSa batAyA gayA hai| zrAvaka ke pratyAkhyAna vrata kA vivecana karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi kisI zrAvaka ne pahale hI trasakAya va vanaspatikAya jIva kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna liyA hai aura pRthvI khodate samaya usase asAvadhAnIvaza kisI trasa yA vanaspatikAya jIva kI hatyA ho jAya to doSa nahIM lagatA hai kyoMki vaha zrAvaka usa hiMsA ke lie pravRtta nahIM thaa| sAmAyika Adi meM baiThe hue kisI zrAvaka ke bhANDa, vastra Adi kA apaharaNa ho jAya aura sAmAyika ke bAda jaba vaha unheM DhU~DhatA hai to vaha apane hI sAmAna ko DhU~Dha rahA hai| yadyapi sAmAyika kI avasthA meM to usane unakA tyAga kara diyA, kintu usakA unake prati mamatva bhAva kA tyAga nahIM hone ke kAraNa sAmAyika Adi ke pazcAta vaha vastrAdi usI ke kahalAte haiN| zrAvaka jIvana ke lie pratyAkhyAna kA kitanA mahattva hai, isakI vivecanA karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM rathamUsalasaMgrAma meM bhAga lene vAle varuNa nAganattuA sainika kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai jo yuddha meM apanA antima samaya nikaTa jAnakara sarvapApoM kA jIvana-paryanta ke lie pratyAkhyAna lene ke kAraNa mahAvideha kSetra meM janma lekara anta meM siddha-buddha-mukta hotA hai| pratyAkhyAna ke bheda-prabheda bhagavatIsUtra meM pratyAkhyAna ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna, 2. uttrgunnprtyaakhyaan| mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna- mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna jIvana paryanta ke lie grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna ke do bheda haiM- 1. sarvamUlaguNa - pratyAkhyAna, 2. dezamUlaguNa - pratyAkhyAna / sarvamUlaguNapratyAkhyAna meM zramaNoM ke pA~ca mahAvrata Ate haiM, isa dRSTi se isake pA~ca prabheda kiye gaye haiM 272 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #299
1. sarvaprANAtipAta se viramaNa, 3. sarva adattAdAna se viramaNa, 5. sarvaparigraha se viramaNa dezamUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna meM zrAvakoM ke pA~ca aNuvrata Ate haiM / isa dRSTi se isake bhI pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM 1. sthUlaprANAtipAta se viramaNa, 3. sthUla adattAdAna se viramaNa, 5. sthUlaparigraha se viramaNa / - 2. sarvamRSAvAda se viramaNa 4. sarvamaithuna se viramaNa uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna- uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna kucha dinoM yA kucha samaya ke lie kiye jAte haiN| isake bhI do bheda haiM 2. sthUlamRSAvAda se viramaNa 4. sthUlamaithuna se viramaNa, 1. sarvauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna, 2. dezauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna sarvauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna ke dasa bheda isa prakAra haiM 1. anAgata, 2. atikrAnta, 3. koTisahita, 4. niyaMtrita, 5. sAkAra, 6. anAkAra, 7. pariNAmakRta, 8. niravazeSa, 9. saMketa, 10 addhApratyAkhyAna dezauttaraguNapratyAkhyAna meM zrAvaka ke tIna guNavrata va cAra zikSAvratoM kA samAveza hotA hai| isake sAta bheda haiM 1. digvrata, 2. upabhoga - paribhogaparimANa, 3. anarthadaNDaviramaNa, 4. sAmAyika, 5. dezAvakAzika, 6. pauSadhopavAsa, 7. atithisaMvibhAga tathA apazcima maraNAntika saMlekhanA - joSaNA - ArAdhanA / duSpratyAkhyAnI va supratyAkhyAnI 74 pratyAkhyAna ke antargata kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha jJAna ko bhI mahattva diyA gayA hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM kriyA zuddha nahIM hotI hai / isI bAta ko samajhAte hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai- kisI vyakti dvArA yaha kahane mAtra se ki 'maiMne sarva prANa, bhUta, jIva Adi kI hiMsA kA parityAga kiyA hai / usakA pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna nahIM hotA hai| jaba taka use yaha jJAna nahIM hotA ki ye jIva haiM, ye ajIva haiM, ye trasa haiM, ye sthAvara haiM taba taka usakA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai / jisa puruSa ko jIva - ajIva trasa - sthAvara kA jJAna hotA hai agara vaha sarvaprANa, bhUta, jIva Adi kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna kare to usakA pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna hotA hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM pratyAkhyAna kA yathAvat pAlana nahIM hotA hai ata: vaha pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna rahatA hai, supratyAkhyAna nahIM hotA hai / ' zrAvakAcAra 273

Page #300
jAgarikA' jAgarikA kA artha hai dharma cintana hetu jAgaraNa krnaa| yaha AdhyAtmika kriyA zramaNAcAra evaM zrAvakAcAra donoM ke antargata AtI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM jAgarikA ke tIna bheda batAye gaye haiM 1. buddha-jAgarikA, 2. abuddha-jAgarikA, 3. sudarzana-jAgarikA buddha-jAgarikA- jo kevala jJAna-darzana ke dhAraka, jina, arihaMta kevalI, sarvajJa sarvadarzI haiM, ve buddha haiM tathA ve buddha jAgarikA karate haiN| abuddha-jAgarikA- jo pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti Adi se yukta brahmacArI haiM, ve abuddha-jAgarikA karate haiN| sudarzana-jAgarikA- jIva-ajIva tattvoM ke jJAtA, samyag dRSTi zramaNopAsaka pauSadha Adi meM jo jAgarikA karate haiM, vaha pramAda, nidrA Adi se rahita sudarzana jAgarikA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM ullekha hai ki zaMkha zrAvaka ne caturvidha AhAratyAga pauSadha ke phalasvarUpa sudarzana jAgarikA jAgrata kii| saMdarbha 1. koThArI subhASa - upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, pR. 72 2. vyA. sU., 2.5.11, 5.4.26 3. zrAvakaprajJapti, gA. 2 4. sthAnAMgasUtra, muni madhukara, 3.4.497, pR. 188 samavAyAMga, muni madhukara, 11.5 dazAzrutaskaMdha, 6.1-2 7. tattvArthasUtra, 7.1.5-17 (ka) zAstrI, devendra muni-jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa (kha) mahAsatI ujjavala kaMvara-zrAvakadharma 9. vahI, 12.1 10. 'duvAlasavihaM sAvagadhamma paDivajai'- vahI, 18.10.28 11. vahI, 11.12 12. vahI, 18.7.26-37 vyA. sU., 18.2.3 vahI, 12.1 15. vahI, 12.2 16. vahI, 2.5.11 17. vipAkasUtra, muni madhukara, zrutaskandha-2, adhyayana 1 sU. 6, pR. 118 18. vyA. sU. 2.5.11 14. 274 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #301
19. vahI, 7.2 20. sthAnAMga, muni madhukara, 5.1.2, pR. 448 21. uvAsagadasAo, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.13 vyA. sU., 7.1.7-8 'tayANaMtaraM ca NaM thulagaM musAvAyaM paccakkhAi-uvAsagadasAo, muni madhukara, 1.14 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, sampA. paM. jugalakizora, 3.9, pR. 43 zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, dUsarA aNuvrata uvAsagadasAo, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.15 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, sampA. paNDita jugalakizora, 3.11, pR. 44 uvAsagadasAo, muni madhukara, 1.16 cAritrapAhuDa, gA. 24 30. AvazyakasUtra, pR. 324 31. uttarAdhyayana, 8.17 32. 'tayANaMtaraM ca NaM icchAviha pariNAmaM karemANe'- uvAsagadazAo, muni madhukara, 1.17 'mamedaMbuddhilakSaNaH parigrahaH'- sarvArthasiddhi, 6.15.638, pR. 256 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, sampA. paNDita jugalakizora, 3.15, pR. 46 vahI,3.22 'chaThA dizivrata uDDhadizi kA yathA pariNAma, ahodizi kA yathA pariNAma.. AvazyakasUtra, 6, muni madhukara, pR. 114 uvAsagadasAo, muni madhukara, 1.22-42 zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata-7 39. uvAsagadasAo, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.43 40. ___ vyA. sU., 2.5.11 puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 136 pR. 336 vyA. sU., 1.9.21 (ka) ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 4.7, pR. 73 (kha) tattvArthabhASya, 7.16 zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata, 10 vahI, aNuvrata, 11 46. 'posahovavAse cauvvihe paNNatte................-AvazyakavRtti, 50 vyA. sU., 12.1.10, 19 48. bhagavatIsUtra (vivecana), paM. ghevaracandajI, (bhAga-4), pR. 1975 vyA. sU., 12.1.12 50. 'saMkhe NaM samaNovAsae piyadhamme ceva, daDhadhamme ceva, sudakkhujAgariyaM jAgarite', vahI, 12.1.24 51. vyA. sU., 2.5.11 36. 42. 49. zrAvakAcAra 275

Page #302
52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. upAsakadazAAMgasUtra TIkA, abhayadeva, pR. 45 yogazAstra, 3.85 tattvArthabhASya, 7.16 uvAsagadasAo, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.55 upAsakadazAMgasUtra TIkA, muni ghAsIlAlajI, pR. 261 zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, aNuvrata, 12 tattvArthasUtra, 7.34 vyA. sU., 2.5.11 vahI, 7.1.9-10 vahI, 8.6.1-3 vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 271, 272, pR.76 'mAraNAntikI sallekhanAM joSitA'- tattvArthasUtra, 7.22 amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 6.98, pR. 149 vyA. sU., 11.12.13 sthAnAMgaTIkA, patrAMka 41 vyA. sU., 2.5.26 vahI, 17.2.3 vahI, 17.3.22 vahI, 7.1.7-8 vahI, 8.5.3 vyA. sU., 7.9.20 vahI, 7.2.2-8 vahI, 7.2.1 vahI, 12.1.25 vahI, 12.1.24 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 276 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #303
karma siddhAnta jaina darzana kA mukhya kendra bindu karma siddhAnta hai| yaha nava tattvoM ko apane andara sameTe hue hai| jIva, pudgala, Asrava, baMdha, pApa, puNya, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa- ye nava tattva karmasiddhAnta meM hI samAhita ho jAte haiN| yadyapi jainetara darzanoM ne bhI karma siddhAnta para vivecana kiyA hai, kintu jaina paraMparA ne karmasiddhAnta kA jaisA tarkasaMgata va vaijJAnika vivecana prastuta kiyA hai, vaisA anya kisI darzana meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| vastutaH karma siddhAnta jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI eka apUrva, anupama va sarvotkRSTa bheMTa hai, jisake vyAvahArika upayoga se vyakti svayaM puruSArtha dvArA apanI mukti kA mArga prazasta kara sakatA hai| karma kA artha va svarUpa karma zabda kA zAbdika artha kArya, pravRtti yA kriyA hai| kintu, jaina paraMparA meM karma zabda viziSTa artha meM prayukta huA hai| karmagraMtha meM jIva kI kriyA ke hetu ko karma kahA gayA hai| karma siddhAnta meM karma kA tAtparya ve pudgala-paramANu yA karmavargaNAe~ haiM, jo yoga kI kriyAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa AtmA kI ora AkarSita hokara AtmA ke sAtha baMdha jAtI haiN| kAlakrama meM apanA phala pradAna karatI haiM tathA AtmA meM viziSTa bhAva utpanna karatI haiN| karma aura pravRtti ke kArya aura kAraNa bhAva ko lakSya meM rakhate hue pudgala-paramANuoM ke piNDarUpa karma ko dravyakarma aura rAga, dveSa Adi pravRttiyoM ko bhAvakarma kahA gayA hai| isa taraha karma ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda hue; dravya karma va bhaavkrm| dravyakarma ke hone meM bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma ke hone meM dravyakarma kAraNa hai| vRkSa se bIja va bIja se vRkSa kI taraha dravyakarma se bhAvakarma va bhAvakarma se dravyakarma kI paraMparA bhI anAdi hai| jaina paraMparA meM jIva va karma kA saMbaMdha bhI anAdi mAnA gayA hai| mana, vacana va kAyA kI pravRtti se jIva karmabaddha hotA hai aura jaba jIva karmabaddha hotA hai tabhI mana, vacana va kAyA kI pravRtti hotI hai| karma siddhAnta 277

Page #304
jainAgamoM meM karma kA vivecana Agamottara yuga meM karmavAda para aneka svataMtra graMtha likhe gye| kintu, unake mUla bIja jainAgamoM meM surakSita haiN| AcArAMga, sthAnAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, prajJApanA Adi graMthoM meM karmavAda kI mUla bhittiyoM ko citrita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki mana, vacana va kAyA kI pravRttiyA~ karmabaMdhana kA hetu hai| kAmabhogoM meM Asaktajana karmoM kA saMcaya karate rahate haiM aura punaH punaH janma dhAraNa karate haiN| ataH karmoM ko tor3akara tuma karmarahita (mukta) ho jaao| sUtrakRtAMga meM karma va phala ke pArasparika saMbaMdha ko vyakta karate hue kahA hai ki vyakti jaisA karma karatA hai usI ke anusAra bhAvI janma milatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM pA~ca AsravadvAra, zubha evaM azubha karmabaMdha ke nau kAraNa, cAra prakAra ke karmabaMdha Adi kA vivecana hai| samavAyAMga' meM bhI karma siddhAnta ke kucha pahalu- pA~ca Asrava dvAra, pA~ca nirodhadvAra, caudaha guNasthAna Adi kA varNana huA hai| vipAkasUtra meM duSkRtya ke kaTu pariNAmoM va sukRtya ke acche pariNAmoM ko kathAoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kara karmasiddhAnta kA samyak rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanA upAMga ke pA~ca adhyAyoM meM karmavAda ko vyavasthita DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| inameM ATha mUlaprakRtiyA~, uttaraprakRtiyA~, karmavedana, karmabaMdha kI prakiyA, kAraNa, sthiti Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke karmaprakRti nAmaka adhyAya meM karmavAda para vivecana milatA hai| karma ke AdhArabhUta kAraNa lezyAdi ke svarUpa para bhI isameM vistRta vivecana huA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM karmasiddhAnta bhagavatIsUtra meM anya jainAgamoM kI taraha karmasiddhAnta para vyavasthita vivecana nahIM milatA hai| yaha graMtha praznottara zailI meM likhA gayA hai| jaba bhI jijJAsuoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se karma saMbaMdhI prazna pUche, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA unakA uttara diyA gyaa| isI rUpa meM graMtha meM karma saMbaMdhI vivecana upalabdha hai| lekina isa samasta sAmagrI kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki karma siddhAnta ke mUla bIja isa graMtha meM maujUda the, jinheM paravartI AcAryoM ne apanI prakhara pratibhA se vikasita va pallavita kiyA aura eka vizada karma saMbaMdhI sAhitya kI racanA kii| anya jainAgamoM kI taraha bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI 'karma' kI koI vyavasthita paribhASA vivecita nahIM hai| karma saMbaMdhI praznoM ke AdhAra para hI karma ke mUla svarUpa 278 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #305
ko yahA~ spaSTa kiyA jA rahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM karma ko yoga va kaSAya se hone vAlA baMdha mAnA hai| karma kA kartA va bhoktA jIva ko mAnate hue kahA hai- jIva kA duHkha (karma) AtmakRta hai, parakRta yA ubhayakRta nhiiN| jIva AtmakRta vedanA vedate haiM, parakRta yA ubhayakRta nhiiN|' jIva ke karmoM ko AtmakRta batAte hue punaH kahA gayA hai ki sabhI jIvoM ke karmopacaya prayoga se (svaprayatna) se hotA hai, vinasA (svAbhAvika rUpa se nahIM hotA hai| kAMkSAmohanIya karma kI carcA meM kahA gayA hai ki kAMkSAmohanIya karma svakRta hai, jIva apane Apa se hI usakI udIraNA karatA hai, gardA karatA hai, saMvara karatA hai va nirjarA karatA hai| isa prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM Aye ukta sabhI ullekha jIva ko karmoM kA kartA svIkAra karate haiN| jIva ko karmoM ke kartA ke sAtha-sAtha karmaphala kA bhoktA bhI mAnA hai| jIva svakRta duHkha (karma) bhogate haiN| udIrNa ko bhogate haiM, anudIrNa ko nhiiN| pApakarmaphala bhoge binA nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya va deva ko mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| karmoM ke kartRtva va bhoktRtva ko spaSTa karate hue punaH Age kahA gayA hai ki karmoM ke udaya se, gurutA se, bhArIpana se, atyanta gurutA va bhArIpana se, azubha karmoM ke udaya, vipAka va paripAka ke kAraNa jIva svayaM vibhinna yoniyoM meM utpanna hotA hai| __ukta vivecana meM jIva ko karmoM kA kartA va bhoktA mAnane se yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki jIva karma (pudgala) kA nirmAtA hai| pudgala to pahale se hI vartamAna haiM, saMsArI jIva apane sannikaTa meM sthita pudgala paramANuoM ko apanI pravRttiyoM se AkRSTa kara apane meM milAkara nIrakSIravat eka kara detA hai| yahI dravya karmoM kA kartRtva hai aura jIva jaba pudgala paramANuoM ko karma meM pariNata karatA hai taba vaha karmaphala kA bhoktA bhI siddha ho jAtA hai| jIva va karmabaMdha ___ karma jIva bAMdhate haiN| yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki jIva amUrta hai va karma mUrta hai, phira amUrta jIva kA mUrta karma se saMbaMdha kaise hotA hai? bhagavatIvRttiA meM kahA gayA hai ki vAstava meM saMsArI AtmA rUpI hai usI ko karma lagate haiN| isalie AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha arUpI aura rUpI kA saMbaMdha nahIM hai, varana rUpI kA rUpI ke sAtha saMbaMdha hai| isa dRSTi se saMsArI AtmA karmoM kA kartA hai, usake kiye binA karma nahIM lgte| bhagavatIsUtra meM abhedopacAra se pudgala yukta indriya ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa saMsArI jIva ko pudgala va pudgalI donoM kahA hai- jIve karma siddhAnta 279

Page #306
poggalI vi poggale vi - ( 8.10.59 ) / isI prakAra pudgala mUrta va jar3a hote haiM, kintu AtmA ke sAtha saMyukta hone para kathaMcit cetanarUpa kahe jAte haiM / ise graMtha meM jIva va zarIra ke saMbaMdha dvArA spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai- zarIra AtmA bhI hai tathA anya (pudgala) rUpa bhI hai| rUpI bhI hai, arUpI bhI hai| sacitta bhI hai, acitta bhI hai| 16 bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra nUtana karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa pahale kA karmabaMdha hai| dUsare zabdoM meM saMsArI ( karmabaddha ) AtmA hI karmoM se baMdhatA hai, mukta nahIM / bhagavatIsUtra" ke sAtaveM zataka meM kahA hai duHkhI jIva duHkha se spRSTa hotA hai, aduHkhI jIva, duHkha se spRSTa nahIM hotA hai / arthAt duHkha hI duHkha kA grahaNa, udIraNA, vedana va nirjarA karatA hai / yahA~ duHkhI se tAtparya karmabaddha jIva se hai / anyathA to siddha (karmarahita) karmabaMdha kara lete| chaThe zataka ke tIsare uddezaka meM bhI isI bAta para bala dete hue kahA gayA hai mahAkarma, mahAkriyA, mahAAsrava va mahAvedanA vAle sarvataH tathA satat (karma) pudgaloM kA baMdha, caya, upacaya tathA unakA azubha pariNamana karate haiM / 18 prajJApanAsUtra " meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki akarma se karma kA baMdhana nahIM hotA / jo jIva pahale se hI karmoM se baddha hai vaha naye karmoM ko bAMdhatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM gautama gaNadhara dvArA yaha pUchane para ki jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM kA baMdhana kauna karatA hai ? bhagavAn uttara dete haiM- saMyata, asaMyata athavA saMyatAsaMyata sabhI karma bAMdhate haiM 20 | graMtha meM Aye ye saMvAda spaSTa karate haiM ki sakarmaka AtmA para hI karma kA prabhAva hotA hai, vahI karmoM kA baMdha karatA hai / punaH yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki yadi AtmA va karma kA yaha saMbaMdha anAdi hai, karmabaddha AtmA punaH nUtana karmoM kA baMdha karatA hai to jIva karmamukta kaise ho sakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna karate hue graMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki saMyama va tapa ke dvArA naye karmoM kA Asrava rokA jAtA hai tathA purAne karmoM kI nirjarA hotI haisaMjame kiM phale ? aNaNyaphale,... tave vodANa phale (2.5.6) arthAt saMyama kA phala anAsravatA hai tathA tapa kA phala vyavadAna (karmoM kA kSaya ) hai / Izvara, AtmA va karmaphala - bhagavatIsUtra nyAyadarzana 21 kI taraha Izvara ko karmaphala kA niyantA nahIM svIkAra karatA hai / bhagavatIsUtra 22 meM kahA gayA hai ki karma se hI jIva jagata meM vividha pariNAmoM ko prApta hotA hai, karma ke binA vividha rUpoM ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| jIvoM ne jo karma kiye haiM, unakA phala isa janma meM yA AgAmI janma meM avazya bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 280

Page #307
bhoganA pdd'egaa| kRtakarma bhoge binA mukti saMbhava nahIM hai| jaisA vyakti karma karatA hai, usI rUpa meM phala kI prApti hotI hai| graMtha ke pA~cave zataka meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti dUsaroM para jhUTha kA, avidyamAna kA yA mithyAdoSa kA AropaNa karatA hai, usake usI prakAra ke karma baMdhate haiN| vaha jisa yoni meM jAtA hai, vahIM una karmoM ko vedatA hai aura vedana karane ke pazcAt nirjarA karatA hai| graMtha meM vivecita jamAli, gozAlaka, abhicikumAra ke jIvana carita se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki azubha karmabaMdhana kA phala vyakti ko avazya bhoganA par3atA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI AtmA ko hI sukha-duHkha kA kartA mAnA gayA hai| Izvara va karmaphala ke saMbaMdha ko asvIkAra karate hue devendramuni zAstrI likhate haiM- yadi Izvara ko karmaphala kA niyaMtraka mAnA jAya to yaha mAnanA hogA ki Izvara karma ke anusAra phala degaa| unameM tanika bhI parivartana kA use adhikAra nahIM hogaa| aise meM to Izvara bhI karma ke adhIna ho jAyegA aura dUsarI tarapha yadi Izvara ko sarvesarvA mAna liyA jAya to karma kI sattA Izvara ke adhIna ho jaayegii| ataH svayaM karma ko hI apanA phala dene vAlA mAnA gayA hai| pApakarma va puNyakarma kA phala pApakarma kA phala azubha va puNyakarma kA phala zubha hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra26 meM pApakarma va puNyakarma ke phala ko dRSTAnta dvArA samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jaba koI vyakti aThAraha prakAra ke dAla-zAka vyaMjanoM se yukta viSamizrita bhojana ko sundara thAlI meM khAtA hai to prAraMbha meM to use acchA lagatA hai, kintu jaise-jaise vaha bhojana pacatA hai taba vaha durgaMdha Adi rUpa meM kharAba pariNAma prApta karatA hai| usI prakAra prANAtipAta Adi 18 pApasthAnoM kA sevana prAraMbha meM to acchA lagatA hai, kintu jaba unake dvArA bAMdhe gaye pApakarma udaya meM Ate haiM taba ve azubhaphalavipAka se yukta hote haiN| isI prakAra jaba koI vyakti 18 prakAra ke dAla, zAka Adi vyaMjanoM se yukta auSadha-mizrita bhojana karatA hai taba prAraMbha meM cAhe vaha bhojana use acchA nahIM lagatA, kintu bAda meM jaba vaha bhojana pacatA hai, use sukha kA anubhava hotA hai| isI prakAra prANAtipAtAdi 18 pApasthAnoM ke tyAga, parigraha, viramaNa, krodha tyAga Adi prAraMbha meM acche nahIM lagate haiM, kintu bAda meM inake pariNamana svarUpa kalyANakarma vipAka rUpa meM udaya meM Ate haiM aura jIva sukha anubhava karatA hai| dazAzrutaskandha7 meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki zubha karma kA phala zubha va azubha karma kA phala azubha hotA hai| karma siddhAnta 281

Page #308
karmabaMdha AtmA ke sAtha karmaparamANuoM kA saMbaMdha honA karmabaMdha hai| baMdha kI paribhASA dete hue AcArya tulasI ne jaina siddhAMta dIpikA meM kahA hai- karma-pudgalAdAnaM bandha - (4.6) / dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA apanI sad-asad pravRttiyoM ke dvArA karma banane kI yogyatA rakhane vAle pudgaloM ko AkarSita kara unheM apane sAtha bA~dha letI hai| isI prakriyA kA nAma karmabaMdha hai| karmabaMdha ke kAraNa yaha niyama zAzvata hai ki kAraNa ke binA kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai ataH karmabaMdha bhI akAraNa nahIM hote haiM, unake kucha hetu avazya hote haiM anyathA to siddhoM ke bhI karmabaMdhana hone lgeNge| vAstava meM to karmabaMdhana ke anukUla AtmA kI pariNati hI baMdhana kA hetu hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM karmabaMdhana ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki zarIra ko dhAraNa karane vAlA saMsArI jIva hI pramAda va yoga ke kAraNa karmabaMdha karatA hai| nimna saMvAda dRSTavya hai gautama- bhagavan ! jIva kAMkSAmohanIya karma bA~dhatA hai? bhagavAn - gautama! bA~dhatA hai| gautama - bhagavan ! vaha kina kAraNoM se bA~dhatA hai? bhagavAn - gautama! usake do hetu haiM - pramAda aura yog| gautama - bhagavan ! pramAda kisase utpanna hotA hai? bhagavAn - yoga se| gautama - yoga kisase utpanna hotA hai? bhagavAn - vIrya se| gautama - vIrya kisase utpanna hotA hai? bhagavAn -zarIra hai| gautama - zarIra kisase utpanna hotA hai? bhagavAna - jIva se - (vyA. sa. 1.3.9) uparyukta udAharaNa meM karmabaMdha ke do pramukha kAraNa batAye gaye haiM; pramAda va yog| samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga va tattvArthasUtrAdi jaina graMthoM meM karmabaMdha ke pA~ca kAraNa mAne gaye haiM- mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya va yoga 28 ise spaSTa karate hue bhagavatIvRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki mithyAtva, avirati va kaSAya kA antarbhAva pramAda meM hI ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se pramAda va yoga karmabaMdha ke mukhya kAraNa haiN| saMkSepa meM samavAyAMga meM bhI karmabaMdha ke do hI kAraNa mAne haiM; kaSAya va yog| 282 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #309
bhagavatIsUtra meM baMdha ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM 1. airyApathika baMdha, 2. sAmparAyikabaMdha airyApathika baMdha- ke vala yogoM ke nimitta se hone vAle sAtAvedanIyarUpakarmabaMdha ko airyApathika baMdha kahate haiN| jaina paramparA meM yoga kA artha hai mana, vacana va kAya kI pravRtti / yoga eka prakAra kA spandana hai, jo AtmA va pudgala vargaNAoM ke saMyoga se hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM yoga ke tIna pramukha bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. manayoga, 2. vacanayoga, 3. kAyayoga inake avAntara pandraha bhedoM kA bhI graMtha meM ullekha huA hai3 1. satya-manoyoga, 2.mRSA-manoyoga, 3. satyamRSA-manoyoga, 4. asatyamRSAmanoyoga, 5. satyavacana-yoga, 6. mRSA vacanayoga, 7. satyamRSA-vacanayoga, 8. asatyamRSA-manoyoga, 9. audArikazarIra-kAyayoga, 10. audArikamizrazarIrakAyayoga, 11. vaikriyazarIra-kAyayoga, 12. vaikriyamizra-zarIrakAyayoga, 13. AhArakazarIra-kAyayoga, 14. AhArakamizrazarIra-kAyayoga, 15. kArmaNazarIrakAyayoga __yoga ko karmabaMdha kA kAraNa mAnate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki manayoga, vacanayoga va kAyayoga tInoM se karma kA upacaya hotA hai| ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM meM sirpha kAyayoga se, vikalendriya jIvoM meM vacanayoga va kAyayoga se tathA paMcendriya jIvoM meM tInoM yoga se karma upacaya hotA hai|4 sAmparAyika baMdha- kaSAyoM ke nimitta se hone vAle caturgatika saMsAra bhramaNarUpa karmabaMdha ko sAmparAyika karmabaMdha kahate haiN| kaSAya yukta hone vAlA baMdha adhika zaktizAlI hotA hai| jabaki airyApathika baMdha nirbala va alpAyu vAlA hotA hai tathA kaSAya zAMta hone kI avasthA se pahale nahIM baMdhatA hai| isa dRSTi se graMtha meM use sAdi kahA gayA hai tathA ayogI avasthA meM isakA baMdhana nahIM hotA hai, isa dRSTi se ise sAMta kahA gayA hai| ___ vAstava meM dekhA jAya to karmabaMdha kA pramukha kAraNa kaSAya hI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki kaSAya sAdhanoM se yukta sAmAyikadhArI zramaNopAsaka ko sAmparAyika kriyA lagatI hai| sAmparAyika baMdha va airyApathika baMdha kI carcA meM bhI graMtha meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa jIva ke krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha vyucchinna ho gaye, unako airyApathika kriyA lagatI hai, kintu jinake ye cAroM kaSAya vyucchinna nahIM hue haiM, unako sAmparAyika kriyA lagatI hai| upayogarahita (pramAdayukta) gamana Adi karane vAle anagAra ko sUtra karma siddhAnta 283

Page #310
(Agama) viruddha pravRtti karane ke kAraNa sAmparAyika kriyA lagatI hai| krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko saMsAra bhramaNa kA kAraNa mAnate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki krodhAdi kaSAyoM se Arta banA jIva AyuSya karma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM kI zithila bandhanoM se baMdhI huI karma-prakRtiyoM ko gAr3ha baMdhana vAlI karatA hai tathA isa ananta saMsAra meM bAra-bAra bhramaNa karatA hai| krodha rahitatA, mAna rahitatA, mAyA rahitatA va lobha rahitatA ko zramaNoM ke lie prazasta batAyA hai| graMtha meM karmabaMdha ke ina mUla kAraNoM ke atirikta yatra-tatra anya kAraNoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ha~sane, utsukatA, nidrA, pracalA se karmabaMdha hotA hai| prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha pApasthAnoM ke sevana se karkazavedanIya karma kA baMdha hotA hai| inake viramaNa se akarkaza vedanIya karmabaMdha hotA hai| prANiyoM para anukampA karane, unheM duHkha, zoka, cintA, vedana, rudana, paritApa Adi na dene se jIva sAtA vedanIya karmabaMdha karatA hai| isake viparIta dUsaroM ko duHkha Adi dene se jIva asAtAvedanIya karmabaMdha karatA hai| karmabaMdha ke ukta sabhI kAraNoM kA samAveza pramAda meM hI ho jAtA hai| kriyA kriyA kA sAdhAraNa artha hai, prvRtti| jaina paramparA meM karmabaMdha kI kAraNabhUta ceSTA ko kriyA kahate haiN| graMtha meM kriyAoM ke pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiN|" 1. kAyikI, 2. adhikaraNikI, 3. prAdveSikI, 4. paritApanikI, 5. prANAtipAtikI kAyikI- kAyA meM yA kAyA se hone vAlI kriyaa| adhikaraNikI- talavAra Adi zastra adhikaraNa kahalAte haiM, unase hone vAlI kriyaa| prAdveSikI- dveSa nimitta hone vAlI kriyaa| paritApanikI- paritApa yA pIr3A pahu~cAne se hone vAlI kriyaa| prANAtipAtikI- prANiyoM ke prANanAza se hone vAlI kriyaa| kriyAoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ye kriyAyeM AtmakRta hotI haiM tathA mana, vacana va kAyA se spRSTa hotI haiN| ye kriyAyeM svayaM karane se lagatI haiM; dUsaroM ke karane se nhiiN| ye anukramapUrvakakRta hotI haiM / karmabandha kI prakriyA karmabaMdha kI cAra avasthAe~ haiM; bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 284

Page #311
1. prakRtibaMdha, 2. pradezabaMdha, 3. anubhAgabaMdha, 4. sthitibaMdha pradezabaMdha- loka meM aisA koI sthAna nahIM jahA~ karma pudgala vartamAna nahIM haiN| prANI kaSAya va yoga ke mAdhyama se karmabaMdha karatA hai| ekendriya jIva vyavaghAta na hone para cha: dizAoM se karma grahaNa karate haiN| vyavaghAta hone para kabhI tIna, kabhI cAra va kabhI pA~ca dizAoM se karma grahaNa karate haiN| zeSa jIva niyama se sarva dizAoM se karma grahaNa karate haiN| kintu, kSetra ke saMbaMdha meM maryAdA hai| AtmA dehavyApI hai ata: jitane kSetra yA pradeza meM AtmA vidyamAna rahatI hai, utane hI pradeza meM vidyamAna paramANu usake dvArA grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| gRhIta karma pudgaloM kA AtmA ke pradezoM ke sAtha baddha honA pradezabaMdha hai| pradezabaMdha meM AtmA va karmapudgala nIrakSIravat eka ho jAte haiM- jIvA ya poggalA ya annamanabaddhA annamanapuTThA annamanamogADhA....ciTThanti - (vyA. sU., 1.6.26) / prakRtibaMdha- yogoM kI pravRtti dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye karma paramANu dvArA jJAna ko AvRta karanA, darzana ko Acchanna karanA Adi aneka rUpoM meM pariNata honA prakRtibaMdha hai| pradezabaMdha karma paramANuoM ke parimANa ko iMgita karatA hai jabaki prakRtibaMdha karma paramANuoM kI prakRti yA svabhAva ko spaSTa karatA hai| pradezabaMdha va prakRtibaMdha donoM yogoM kI pravRtti se hote haiN| ye nirbala, asthAI va saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAle nahIM hote haiN| sthitibaMdha- pratyeka karma AtmA ke sAtha eka nizcita samaya taka hI rahatA hai| sthiti pakane para vaha AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai| arthAt karma pudgala rAzi kitane kAla taka AtmA ke pradezoM meM rahegI yaha usakA sthitibaMdha hai| isameM yogoM ke sAtha kaSAya kI bhI pravRtti hotI hai| anubhAgabaMdha- jIva dvArA grahaNa kI huI zubha-azubha karmoM kI prakRtiyoM kA tIvra, manda Adi vipAka anubhAgabaMdha hai| bhagavatIvRtti+5 meM kahA gayA hai ki udaya Ane para karma kA anubhava tIvra hai yA manda yaha karmabaMdha ke samaya hI niyata ho jAtA hai| ise anubhAgabaMdha kahate haiN| udaya Ane para karma apanI mUla prakRtiyoM ke anusAra hI phala detA hai| kintu, uttaraprakRtiyoM para yaha niyama lAgU nahIM hotA hai| maMdarasa vAlA karma tIvrarasa vAle karma meM badala jAtA hai| tIvrarasa vAlA karma maMdarasa vAle karma meM badala jAtA hai| ise graMtha meM isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai- kitane hI prANI ekAnta duHkha rUpa vedanA vedate haiM, kadAcit sAtArUpa vedanA bhI vedate haiM, ekAnta sAtArUpa vedanA vedate haiM, kadAcit asAtArUpa vedanA bhI vedate haiM tathA karma siddhAnta 285

Page #312
kitane hI vimAtrA se vedanA vedate haiN| karma vyavasthA ke ye cAroM pradhAna aMga haiN| inakA nirmANa eka sAtha hI hotA hai| pradezabaMdha ke sAtha hI svabhAva, kAla-maryAdA va phalazakti kA bhI nirmANa ho jAtA hai| puruSArtha evaM karma parivartana __ jainadarzana karma parivartana ke siddhAnta ko mAnatA hai| azubha va zubha donoM prakAra kI bhAvadhArA ke sAtha karma kI avasthA meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM karmavAda va puruSArtha donoM ko hI mahattva diyA gayA hai| karma puruSArtha ke dvArA (AtmakRta) kiye jAte haiN| puruSArtha ke dvArA kiye hue karma ko badalA bhI jA sakatA hai| graMtha meM puruSArtha va karma parivartana ke saMbaMdha ko batAne vAle kucha niyama prayukta hue haiN| 1. udIraNA, 2. apavartanA, 3. udvartanA, 4. saMkramaNa, 5. nikAcana bhagavaIbhASya+8 meM inakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai udIraNA- jo karma pudgala anudita haiM, unakA pariNAma vizeSa dvArA udayaprApta karmadalikoM meM praveza kara denaa| apavartanA- vIrya vizeSa ke dvArA karma kI sthiti va anubhAga ko kama karanA, apavartanA hai| udvartanA- vIrya vizeSa dvArA karma kI sthiti va anubhAga ko bar3hA denA, udvartanA hai| saMkramaNa- vIrya vizeSa ke dvArA sajAtIya karma-prakRtiyoM kA eka dUsare meM saMkrAMta honaa| isameM prakRti, sthiti, pradeza va anubhAga ye cAroM eka rUpa se dUsare rUpa meM saMkrAta ho jAte haiN| jaise koI vyakti sAtAvedanIya karma kA anubhava kara rahA hai, usa samaya usake azubha karma pariNati balavAna ho gii| pariNAmasvarUpa sAtAvedanIya asAtAvedanIya meM saMkrAMta ho gyaa| kintu, yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki yadi saba kucha puruSArtha se hI ho jAtA hai to karma kI mahattA kyA hogI? ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa virodha kA bhI parihAra kiyaa| isake lie bhI bhagavatIsUtra meM nikAcana ke niyama kA ullekha huA hai| nikAcana- vIryavizeSa dvArA karma ko usa avasthA meM vyavasthApita karanA, jo udvartanA Adi kisI kAraNa dvArA badalA na jA sake; jo avazya bhogA jaay| arthAt jisa rUpa meM karma bAMdhA jAya use usI rUpa meM bhoganA nikAcana avasthA hai| 286 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #313
puruSArtha kI sImA ko spaSTa karate hue yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki kucha karma aparivartanIya hai jaise nikAcita krm| sAtha hI saMkramaNa ke bhI kucha apavAda haiM- AyuSyakarma kI cAra uttara prakRtiyoM tathA darzanamohanIya va cAritramohanIya kA bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra graMtha meM yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki karma va puruSArtha sApekSa haiM, donoM kI apanI-apanI sImAe~ haiN| karma sarvazaktimAna nahIM haiM, puruSArtha dvArA usameM parivartana saMbhava hai tathA puruSArtha bhI saba kucha nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki kucha aise (nikAcita) karma haiM, jinameM puruSArtha dvArA parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai| kahIM karma balavAna hai to kahIM puruSArtha / karma parivartana karmaprakRti meM hone vAle parivartana ko graMtha meM asaMvRta va saMvRta anagAra ke prasaMga dvArA isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA gayA hai- 'asaMvata anagAra Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa zithilabaMdhana se baddha sAta karmaprakRtiyoM ko gAr3habaMdhana se baddha karatA hai; alpakAlIna sthiti vAlI karma-prakRtiyoM ko dIrghakAlika sthiti vAlI karatA hai; manda anubhAga vAlI prakRtiyoM ko tIvra anubhAga vAlI karatA hai; alpapradeza vAlI prakRtiyoM ko bahuta pradeza vAlI karatA hai aura Ayukarma ko kadAcit bA~dhatA hai, evaM kadAcit nahIM bAMdhatA; asAtAvedanIya karma kA bAra-bAra upArjana karatA hai; tathA anAdi anavadagra, ananta dIrghamArga vAle caturgatisaMsArarUpI araNya meM bArabAra paribhramaNa karatA hai| saMvRta anagAra AyuSyakarma ko chor3akara zeSa gAr3habaMdhana se baddha sAta karma-prakRtiyoM ko zithilabaMdhanabaddha kara detA hai; dIrghakAlika sthiti vAlI karmaprakRtiyoM ko thor3e kAla kI sthiti vAlI kara detA hai, tIvrarasa (anubhAva) vAlI prakRtiyoM ko manda rasa vAlI kara detA hai; bahu pradeza vAlI prakRtiyoM ko alpapradeza vAlI kara detA hai, aura AyuSya karma ko nahIM baaNdhtaa| vaha asAtAvedanIya karma kA bAra-bAra upacaya nahIM karatA, anAdi-ananta dIrghamArga vAle caturgatikarUpa saMsAra-araNya kA ullaMghana kara jAtA hai|' punarjanma jainadharma punarjanma meM vizvAsa karatA hai| jina karmoM kA phala isa janma meM prApta nahIM hotA usake bhoga ke lie punarjanma ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA hai jIva apane adhyavasAya yoga (adhyavasAyarUpa mana Adi ke vyApAra) se niSpanna karaNopAya (karmabaMdha ke hetu) dvArA parabhava kI Ayu bA~dhate haiN|50 AcArAMga:1 meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jIva apane hI pramAda ke kAraNa aneka janma karma siddhAnta 287

Page #314
grahaNa karatA hai| graMtha meM Aye kucha ullekha punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko mAnyatA pradAna karate haiN| prathama zataka meM bhava kI apekSA se jJAna, darzana va cAritra kI prarUpaNA karate hue kahA hai ki jJAna va darzana donoM ihabhavika va parabhavika haiM jabaki cAritra, tapa va saMyama ihabhavika hI haiN|52 anyatra karmitA va saMgitA (Asakti) ko punarjanma kA kAraNa mAnA hai| vedanA jo vedI jAya yA anubhava kI jAya vedanA hai| udaya prApta karmoM ko bhoganA vedanA hai| bhagavatIvRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki vedanA karma kI hotI hai ataH vedanA ko (udaya prApta) karma kahA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM vedanA ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM- 1. zIta, 2. uSNa, 3. zItoSNA (tivihA vedaNA paNNattA, taM jahA - sItA usiNA sItosiNA - (10.2.5) vedanA kI graMtha meM vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| evaMbhUta evaM ana-evaMbhUta vedanA kI carcA meM kahA hai ki jo jIva kiye hue pApakarmoM ke anusAra vedanA vedate haiM, ve evaMbhUta vedanA vedate haiM tathA jo jIva kiye hue karmoM se anyathA vedanA vedate haiM, ve anaevaMbhUta vedanA vedate haiN|54 nirjarA ____ nirjarA kA zAbdika artha hai, jarjarita karanA yA jhaadd'naa| AtmA se karma pudgaloM ko pRthak karanA yA pRthak ho jAnA nirjarA hai| AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA, jisake kAraNa karmapudgala AtmA se pRthak ho jAte haiM bhAvanirjarA hai tathA karmapudgaloM kA AtmA se pRthaka ho jAnA dravyanirjarA hai| nirjarA ko mokSa prApti kA hetu batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki pApakarma saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hone se duHkha rUpa haiM aura pApakarmoM kI nirjarA mokSa kA hetu hone se sukharUpa hai| zramaNa va zrAvaka donoM hI kI karma-nirjarA ko vivecita karate hue kahA hai- ve tapa va sAdhanA dvArA karma kI nirjarA karate haiN| zramaNopAsaka, tathArUpa zramaNa va brAhmaNa ko doSarahita annapAnI Adi se satkAra karane para zrAvaka ekAntarUpa se nirjarA karatA hai| ... nirjarA ke do bheda haiM- sakAmanirjarA aura akaamnirjraa| karma kA apanI samaya maryAdA ke anusAra phala dekara AtmA se pRthak ho jAnA sakAma nirjarA hai| tapa Adi sAdhanA dvArA karmoM kI kAlasthiti paripakva hone se pahale hI pradezodaya ke dvArA unheM bhogakara balAt pRthak karanA akAma nirjarA hai| isameM phalodaya nahIM 288 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #315
hotA hai| akAma nirjarA ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dIrghakAla taka ghora naraka meM par3A nAraka jIva koTA-koTI varSoM taka bhI una karmoM kA kSaya nahIM kara sakatA hai, jinakA kSaya zramaNa apane tapa dvArA alpakAla meM hI kara detA hai| jaise tape hue lohe kI kar3hAI meM DAlI gayI pAnI kI bUMda tathA agni meM DAlA gayA sUkhA ghAsa zIghra naSTa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra (tapa sAdhanA dvArA) zramaNa ke yathAbAdara karma bhI zIghra naSTa ho jAte haiM / 58 vedanA va nirjarA kA saMbaMdha vedanA va nirjarA pRthak-pRthak haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke chaThe zataka meM caturbhaMgI ke nirUpaNa dvArA vedanA va nirjarA ke pRthaktva ko isa prakAra samajhAyA hai- vedanA karma hai, nirjarA nokarma hai| karma ko vedate haiM aura nokarma ko nirjIrNa karate haiN| jisa samaya karma kA vedana karate haiM, usa samaya nirjarA nahIM karate haiM tathA jisa samaya nirjarA karate haiM usa samaya vedana nahIM karate haiM vedanA kA samaya dUsarA hotA hai tathA nirjarA kA samaya dUsarA hotA hai| pratimA dhAraka anagAra mahAvedanA va mahAnirjarA vAlA hotA hai| chaThI-sAtavIM naraka pRthviyoM vAle jIva mahAvedanA va alpanirjarA vAle hote haiN| zaileSI avasthA ko prApta anagAra alpavedanA tathA mahAnirjarA vAlA, anuttaraupapAtika deva alpavedanA aura alpanirjarA vAle hote haiN| antakriyA jisa kriyA ke pazcAt anya koI kriyA karanA zeSa na rahe, use antakriyA kahate haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba taka jIva meM kisI bhI prakAra kI sUkSma yA sthUla kriyA (spandana, kSubdha, udIrata Adi) hai taba taka jIva kI antakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai| kyoMki ina sUkSma va sthUla kriyAoM ke kAraNa jIva AraMbha, sAraMbha karatA hai, bahuta se prANiyoM ko duHkha, paritApa, kaSTa Adi pahu~cAne meM pravRtta hotA hai| ataH ina kriyAoM se karmabaMdha hote rahate haiN| isake viparIta jaba jIva meM sUkSma yA sthUla koI kriyA nahIM hogI taba AraMbha-sAraMbha bhI nahIM hogaa| jIva anya prANiyoM ko paritApa, duHkha, kaSTa Adi pahu~cAne meM bhI pravRtta nahIM hogaa| aisI sthiti meM antakriyA hogii| sUkhA ghAsa agni meM DAlane se turaMta jala jAtA hai, tape hue lohe ke kar3Aha para DAlI huI pAnI kI bUMda turaMta naSTa ho jAtI hai, isI prakAra kriyA rahita vyakti ke karma bhI zIghra naSTa ho jAte haiN| jaba vaha AtmasaMvRta anagAra upayogapUrvaka koI bhI kriyA karatA hai taba karma ke Asrava dvAroM ko baMda kara detA hai, aise meM use sirpha airyApathika kriyA lagatI hai, jo atyanta alpa samaya karma siddhAnta 289

Page #316
meM naSTa ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra akriya vyakti antakriyA rUpa mukti ko prApta kara letA hai| akriyA kA antima phala siddhi hai| 2 mukti jIva kA carama lakSya mukti prApti hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne sampUrNa karma ke viyoga ko mokSa kahA hai - sarvakarmavipramokSo mokSaH - (1.1.8 pR. 6) dUsare zabdoM meM baMdhana mukti hI mokSa hai| baMdhana mukti tabhI saMbhava hai jaba naye karmoM kA Asrava na ho tathA purAne karmoM kI nirjarA ho| bhagavatIsUtra meM saMvara va tapa ko mukti kA sAdhana mAnA hai| saMvara se karmoM kA anAsravatva hotA hai aura tapa se karmoM kA kssy| mokSa prApti meM sAdhaka kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki saMvega, nirveda, gurusAdharmika-zuzrUSA, AlocanA, nindanA, garhaNA, kSamApanA, zrutasahAyatA, vyupazamanA, bhAva meM apratibaddhatA, vinivarttanA, vivikta-zayanAsanasevanatA, zrotrendriya Adi pA~ca indriya saMvara, yoga-pratyAkhyAna, zarIra-pratyAkhyAna, kaSAya-pratyAkhyAna, sambhoga-pratyAkhyAna, upadhi-pratyAkhyAna, bhakta-pratyAkhyAna, kSamA, virAgatA, bhAvasatya, yogasatya, karaNasatya, mana:samanvAharaNa, vacana-samanvAharaNa, kAya-samanvAharaNa, krodha-viveka se lekara mithyAdarzanazalya-viveka, jJAna-sampannatA, cAritra-sampannatA, vedanA-adhyAsanatA aura mAraNAntika-adhyAsanatA ina 49 padoM ke AcaraNa kA antima phala mokSa hai| karmahIna siddha jIvoM meM gati kI prarUpaNA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki akarmaka jIva kI ni:saMgatA, nIrAgatA, gatipariNAma, bandhana-cheda, nirindhanatA (karmarUpI IMdhana se mukta) va pUrva prayoga se vimukta hone ke kAraNa siddhoM meM Urdhvagati hotI hai / siddhoM meM Urdhvagati ko tumbe, maTara Adi sUkhI phalI ke bIja, IMdhana ke dhueM tathA dhanuSa se chUTe bANa Adi vibhinna udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| siddha ke svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana jIva ke bheda-prabheda ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai| karma prakRti karma prakRtiyA~ ATha mAnI gaI haiN| 1. jJAnAvaraNIya, 2. darzanAvaraNIya, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. nAma, 6. Ayu, 7. gotra, 8. aMtarAya bhagavatIsUtra meM ATha karmaprakRtiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karake prajJApanAsUtra ke teIsaveM karmaprakRti' adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanAsUtra meM inakA vistRta vivecana hai| 290 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #317
jJAnAvaraNIyAdi ATha karmoM kI baMdhasthiti, abAdhAkAla va karma niSekakA baMdhasthiti - karmabaMdha hone taka vaha jitane kAla rahatA hai, use baMdhasthiti kahate haiM / abAdhAkAla- karmabaMdha se lekara jaba taka usa karma kA udaya nahIM hotA hai taba taka ke kAla ko abAdhAkAla kahate haiM / karmaniSekakAla- karma ke abAdhAkAla ke pUrA hone para karma ke vedana karane ke prathama samaya se lekara baMdhe hue karma ke AtmA ke sAtha rahane taka ke kAla ko karmaniSeka kAla kahate haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI baMdhasthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrtta aura utkRSTa tIsa kor3Akor3I sAgaropama kI hai / usakA abAdhAkAla tIna hajAra varSa kA hai / abAdhAkAla jitanI sthiti ko kama karane se zeSa karmasthiti karmaniSekakAla hai / darzanAvaraNIya va antarAya karma kI baMdhasthiti Adi jJAnAvaraNIya ke samAna hai| vedanIya karma kI jaghanya (bandha) sthiti do samaya kI hai, utkRSTa sthiti jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke samAna tIsa kor3Akor3I sAgaropama hai / mohanIya karma kI baMdhasthiti jaghanya antamuhUrtta kI aura utkRSTa 70 kor3Akor3I sAgaropama kI hai| sAta hajAra varSa abAdhAkAla hai / abAdhAkAla kI sthiti ko kama karane se zeSa karmasthiti karmaniSekakAla hai / AyuSyakarma kI bandhasthiti jaghanya antamuhUrtta kI aura utkRSTa pUrvakoTi ke tribhAga se adhika tetIsa sAgaropama kI hai / isakA karmaniSeka kAla (tetIsa sAgaropama kA tathA zeSa ) abAdhAkAla hai / nAmakarma aura gotra karma kI bandhasthiti jaghanya ATha muhUrtta kI aura utkRSTa 20 kor3Akor3I sAgaropama kI hai / isakA do hajAra varSa kA abAdhAkAla hai / usa abAdhAkAla kI sthiti ko kama karane se zeSa karmasthiti karmaniSekakAla hotA hai / 1 zyA I jIva ko prabhAvita karane vAle pudgaloM ke aneka samUha haiM / unameM se eka samUha kA nAma lezyA hai / vibhinna jaina graMthoM meM lezyA kI vibhinna paribhASAe~ prApta hotI haiM / AcArya vIrasena ne AtmA aura karma kA saMbaMdha karAne vAlI pravRtti ko lezyA kahA hai / 7 gommaTasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisake sahayoga se AtmA karmoM meM lipta hotI hai vaha lezyA hai / karma siddhAnta 291

Page #318
lezyA kI paribhASAoM se spaSTa hai ki lezyA vaha hai jo AtmA ko karmoM se lipta karatI hai yA jisake dvArA AtmA baMdhana meM AtI hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM lezyA ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM 9 - 1. dravyalezyA, 2. bhAvalezyA dravyalezyA gaMdha, varNa, rasa va sparza se yukta hotI hai| jabaki bhAvalezyA inase rahita hotI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM paM. sukhalAla jI ne prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai ki bhAvalezyA AtmA kA manobhAva vizeSa hai, jo saMkleza aura yoga se anugata hai 17deg yaha manobhAva kriyAoM ke rUpa meM jaba bAhya abhivyakta hotA hai taba karma meM rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai / lezyA ke prakAra- lezyA chaH prakAra kI batAI gaI hai| 71 1. kRSNalezyA, 2. nIlalezyA, 3. kApotalezyA, 4. tejolezyA, 5. padmalezyA, 6. zuklalezyA inake svabhAva ke varNana hetu prajJApanAsUtra ke lezyApada ke dvitIya uddezaka kA yahA~ nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prajJApanAsUtra ke dvitIya uddezaka meM naraka Adi cAra gatiyoM ke jIvoM meM kitanI - kitanI lezyAe~ hotI haiM, isakA vistAra se varNana huA hai| apekSA dRSTi se lezyA ke alpa - bahutva para bhI isameM cintana kiyA gayA hai| kAMkSAmohanIya karma jainAgamoM meM bhI karma saMbaMdhI aneka samasyAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu kAMkSAmohanIya karma kI carcA vizeSata: bhagavatIsUtra meM hI dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa carcA meM karma saMbaMdhI aneka naye tathya sAmane Ate haiN| yadyapi karma siddhAnta kI uparyukta carcA meM inameM se kucha para vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathApi yahA~ kAMkSAmohanIya karma se kyA tAtparya hai, unake kAraNa, vividha rUpa Adi kI saMkSipta carcA apekSita hai| kAMkSAmohanIya karma kA artha evaM svarUpa T jo karma jIva ko mohita karatA hai, mUr3ha banAtA hai, use mohanIya karma kahate haiN| mohanIya karma ke do bheda haiM; cAritra mohanIya va darzana mohanIya / yahA~ mohanIya zabda ke Age kAMkSA zabda lagAyA gayA hai / kAMkSAmohanIya kA artha darzana mohanIya se hai / vRttikAra ke anusAra kAMkSA kA mUla artha hai- anya darzanoM ko svIkAra karane kI icchA karanA / saMzayamohanIya, vicikitsAmohanIya, parapAkhaNDaprazaMsAmohanIya Adi kAMkSAmohanIya ke antargata samAhita ho jAte haiM / 2 vRttikAra kI taraha jayAcArya ne bhI kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke vedana kA artha mithyAtva - mohanIya bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana 292

Page #319
vedana kiyA hai| unake anusAra jaba kAMkSAmohanIya karma kA vedana hotA hai mithyAtva A jAtA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa jI kA mantavya hai ki 'kAMkSAmohanIya kA saMbaMdha jJAnAvaraNIya karma se hai, mohanIya karma ke prabheda rUpa darzanamohanIya se nhiiN|' isakA mukhya hetu yaha hai ki kAMkSAmohanIya jina kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai, unameM kahIM bhI tattva-zraddhA viSayakAMkSA kI carcA nahIM hai| apitu vibhinna vicAroM ke prati hone vAlI AkAMkSA hI anubhava meM AtI hai aura yaha eka prakAra se moha hI hai| AcArya bhikSu ke anusAra jJAnamoha se tAtparya hai jJAna meM mUr3hatA utpanna honA, ataH yaha jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA pariNAma hai, mohanIya karma kA nhiiN| bhagavatIsUtra' meM kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke svarUpa para vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai kAMkSAmohanIya karma jIva dvArA svakRta hai| vaha sarva se sarvakRta hai arthAt samasta AtmapradezoM se samasta kAMkSAmohanIya karma kiyA huA hai| kAMkSAmohanIya karma kI udIraNA, garhA evaM saMvara jIva svayaM apane Apa karatA hai| kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke kAraNoM kI carcA meM yoga va pramAda ko pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| nimna saMvAda dRSTavya hai- kahaM NaM bhaMte! jIvA kaMkhAmohaNijaM kammaM baMdhaMti? goyamA! pamAdapaccayA joganimittaM c| (vyA. sU. 1.3.9) kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke pA~ca hetu batAye gaye haiM 1. zaMkA- tattva ke viSaya meM sandeha, jaise- pAnI meM jIva hai yA ajIva? ityaadi| 2. kAMkSA- kutattva kI aakaaNkssaa| 3. vicikitsA- dhArmika ArAdhanA ke phala ke viSaya meM sandeha, udAharaNArtha- tapasyA karane se karmamukti hogI yA nahIM? 4. bheda- tattva yA satya ke prati mati kA dvaita, anirNAyaka sthiti kA honaa| 5. kaluSa- tattva ke prati nirmala buddhi kA abhAva ukta pA~coM hetuoM se samApanna hokara jIva kAMkSAmohanIya karma kA vedana karatA hai| kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke vividha rUpa kAMkSAmohanIya karma kA vedana aneka rUpoM meM vyakta hotA hai| graMtha meM zramaNanigraMtha ke kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke nimittabhUta teraha viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| karma siddhAnta 293

Page #320
1. jJAnAntara, 2. darzanAntara, 3. cAritrAntara, 4. liMgAntara 5. pravacanAntara, 6. prAvacanikAntara, 7. kalpAntara, 8 mArgAntara, 9 matAntara 10. bhaMgAntara, 11. nayAntara, 12. niyamAntara, 13. pramANAntara bhagavatIsUtra meM mohanIya karma ke pariNAma ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki mohanIya karma ke pariNAmasvarUpa jIva AtmA se apakramaNa karatA hai arthAt U~ce guNasthAna se nIce guNa sthAna para A jAtA hai| kyoMki aba use jinendroM dvArA kahA huA tathya rucatA nahIM haiM / " kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke svarUpa, kAraNa, vedana Adi kI vivecanA ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavatIsUtra meM isase bacane kA bhI sUtra diyA gayA hai - tameva saccaM NIsakaM jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM - (1.3.6) arthAt jo jinendroM ne kahA hai vahI satya hai| isa sUtra ko hRdayaMgama karake vyakti kAMkSAmohanIya karma ke duSpariNAmoM se baca sakatA hai / vahI saccA ArAdhaka bhI hotA hai / saMdarbha 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 294 kIrai jieNa uhiM, jeNa to bhaNNaui kammaM - karmagraMtha, 1.1 karmaprakRti, nemicandrAcArya, 6 zAstrI, devendramuni, jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR. 429 AcArAMga, muni madhukara, 1.3.2.112 - 117, pR. 94 ripuvvamakAsi kammaM, taheva Agacchati saMparAe- sUtrakRtAMga, (narakavibhakti), 5.2.23 sthAMnAMga, sampA., muni madhukara, 4.299, 5.109-110 Adi samavAyAMga, samavAya, 5, 14 uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana, 33, 34 vyA. sU., 17.4.3-19 vahI, 6.3.5 vahI, 1.3.10 vahI, 1.2.2-3 neraiyassa vA tirikkhajoNiyassa.. je kaDe pAva kamme natthi NaM tassa avedaittA mokkho - vahI, 1.4.6 vahI, 9.32.53-57 bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka, 63 vyA. sU., 13.7.15-13 dukkhI dukkhaNaM phuDe, no adukkhI dukkheNaM phuDe- vahI, 7.1.14 vyA. sU., 6.3.2 prajJApanAsUtra, 23.1.292 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #321
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. vyA. sU., 6.3.14 'IzvaraH kAraNam - puruSakarmA''phalyadarzanAt' - nyAyadarzana, 4.19 vyA. sU., 12.5.37 vahI, 5.6.20 uttarAdhyayana, 20.37 jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR. 457 vyA. sU., 7.10.16, 18 'succiNAkammA succiNAphalA bhavanti.. (ka) samavAyAMga, samavAya, 5 samavAyAMga, samavAya, 2 duvihe baMdhe pannatte.. vahI, 16.1.20, 6.3.5 vahI, 25.1.8 vahI, 6.3.5 vahI, 6.3.7 kha) sthAnAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 5.109, pR. 488 (ga) tattvArthasUtra, 8.1 bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva patrAMka, 56-57 vyA. sU., 7.1.6, 16, 10.2.3 vahI, 12.1.26 - 28, 1.1.11 vahI, 1.9.18-19 vahI, 5.4.7, 12 vahI, 7.6.16, 24, 28 vyA. sU., 3.3.2 vahI, 1.6.7 vyA. sU., 1.1.6, 6.10.12 karmagraMtha (bhAga-5), gA. 96 bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva patrAMka, 65 vyA. sU., 6.10.11 vahI, 1.1.6 bhagavaI (khaNDa-1) '_ - karma siddhAnta vyA. sU., 8.8.10 dazAzrutaskandha, 6 sampA. AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 26-27 vyA. sU., 1.1.11 vahI, 25.8.4 'mAyI pamAyI puNareti gabbhaM' - AcArAMga, sampA. muni madhukara, 1.3.1.108, pR. 89 vyA. sU., 1.1.10 295

Page #322
63. 53. vahI, 2.5.17 54. vahI, 5.5.2 55. pAve kamme je ya kaDe, je ya kajjati, je ya kajissati savve se dukkhe je NijiNNe se NaM suhe - vahI, 7.8.3 56. vahI, 2.5.16, 26, 16.4.2-7 vahI, 8.6.1 vahI, 16.4.2-7 vahI, 7.3.18-20 60. vahI, 6.1.13 vahI, 3.3.12-14 siddhi pajjavasANaphalA paNNattA.......... - vahI, 2.5.26 ___ vyA. sU., 17.3.22 vahI, 7.1.12 65. vahI, 1.4.1, 6.3.10 vahI, 6.3.11 67. SaTakhaNDAgama, dhavalAvRtti, 7.2.1, sUtra 3, pR. 7 68. gommaTasAra, jIvakAMDa, gA. 489 vyA. sU., 12.5.28 darzana aura cintana (bhAga-2), pR. 297 71. vyA. sU., 25.1.3, 1.2.13 bhagavatIvRtti, abhayadeva, patrAMka, 52 bhagavatIjoDa, DhAla, 292, gA. 2 bhagavaI (khaNDa-1), pR. 74,89 75. vyA. sU., 1.3.1-5 76. vahI, 1.3.9-10 77. vahI, 1.3.15 78. vahI, 1.4.3,5 72. 74. 296 bhagavatAsUtra kA dAnika parizIlana

Page #323
sandarbha grantha khaNDa 'ka' - vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra (mUla graMtha) 1. aMgasuttANi bhAga - 2 sampA., muni nathamala, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, 1999 bhagavaI viAhapaNNattI, bhAga 1-2 sampA., AcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, 1994, 2000 bhagavatI, bhAga - 1-7 sampA., ghevaracanda jI bAMThiyA, jaina saMskRti, (hindI anuvAda evaM vivecana sahita) saMrakSaka saMgha, sailAnA vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, bhAga - 1, 2, 3, 4 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 1991-94 vyAkhyAprajJapti Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1918-21 (abhayadevakRta vRtti sahita) vyAkhyAprajJapti sampA., amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda, vI.ni.sa. 2446 vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra sampA., muni ghAsIlAla jI, zAstroddhAra samiti, vyAkhyAprajJapti (zataka 1 se 20) madanakumAra mehatA, zruta prakAzana mandira, (hindI viSayAnuvAda) kalakattA, vi.sa. 2011 viyAhapaNNattisuttaM, bhAga-1 sampA., becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, san 1974 khaNDa 'kha' - sahAyaka grantha sUcI (prAcIna) akalaGkagranthatrayam siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, kalakattA (laghIyastrayama nyAyavinizcaya, pramANasaMgrahazca) san 1939 aNuogadArAiM (AryarakSita) sampA., A. mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM san 1996 anuyogadvArasUtra sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1987 amitagatizrAvakAcAra (amitagati) anekAnta vidvat pariSada, san 1989-90 aSTapAhuDa (kundakunda) zrI seThI digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vI. ni.saM. 2497 sandarbha grantha 297

Page #324
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 14. 15. 16. 17. 13. uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( bhAga 1 ) 18. 19. 20. 21. AcArAMga niyukti 298 AcArAMgasUtra (bhAga 1, 2) AptamImAMsA (samantabhadra ) AptamImAMsA (tattvadIpikA) Avazyaka niyukti (malayagirivRtti) AvazyakasUtra (bhAga 1, 2 ) Avazyaka sUtra uttarAdhyayanasUtra upAsakadazAMgasUtra uvAsagadasAo Rgveda aupapAtikasUtra kappasutta kalpasUtra kaSAyapAhuDa (bhAga 1 ) ( jayadhavalA sahita ) siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, vi.saM. 1935 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara san 1989, 1990 anaMtakIrti granthamAlA samiti, bambaI sampA., . jaina udayacanda, zrI gaNezavarNI di. jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI, vI. ni. saM. 2501 Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, sUrata vi.saM. 2085-95 devacandalAlabhAI jaina pustakoddha, bhaNDAra, bambaI, san 1965 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1994 jaina zve. terApaMtha mahAsabhA, kalakattA, san 1967 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara san 1991 sampA., AtmArAma ma. sA., AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA, san 1964 sampA. muni, madhukara Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1980 bhArata mudraNAlaya, aundhanagara, san 1940 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1992 muni kanhaiyAlAla kamala, Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sAMDerAva, vi.sa. 2034 sampA. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, prAkRta bhAratI, akAdamI, jayapura, san 1977 bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, san 1977 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #325
22. kArtikeyAnuprekSA (svAmi kumAra ) 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 30. 31. 29. jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra (khaNDa 1, 2 ) 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. gaNadharavAda gaNitAnuyoga gItA (bhagavadgItA) 38. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) catvAraH karmagranthAH (devendrasUri ) cAritrapAhuDa (kundakunda) jJAtAdharmakathAMga ThANa tattvArthazlokavArtikam (vidyAnandi ) tattvArtharAjavArtika ( bhAga 1, 2 ) (akalaMka) tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti ) tattvArthasUtra tattvArthasUtra trilokaprajJapti ( yativRSabha) zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, san 1990 sandarbha grantha prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, san 1982 sampA., muni kanhaiyAlAla kamala, Aga anuyoga TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, vI. ni. saM. 2495 sampA., zAstrI kRSNapaMta, acyuta granthamAlA kAryAlaya, kAzI, vi.saM. 1998 zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, san 1985 zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1934 zrI seThI digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi.saM. 2027 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1989-91 sampA. muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1989 sampA., muni nathamala, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, vi.saM. 2033 gAMdhInAthAraMga jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI san 1918 sampA. jaina mahendrakumAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, san 1993 sampA., saMghavI sukhalAla jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, hindU vizvavidyAlaya, banArasa, san 1952 sampA., zAstrI kailAzacandra, bhA.di. jainasaMgha caurAsI, mathurA, vi.saM. 2007 sampA. muni, kevala, zrI jaina divAkara, sAhityapITha, indaura, san 1987 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, san 1943, 1951 sampA., muni madhukara Agama prakAzana samiti, trINi chedasUtrANi (dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpasUtra, vyavahArasUtra) byAvara, san 1992 299

Page #326
39. dazavaikAlikaniyukti dazavaikAlikasUtra ..... dravyasaMgraha (nemicandra) 42. nandIsUtra nandIsUtra 44. niyamasAra (kundakunda) 45. nirayAvalikAsUtra nizItha (bhASya va vizeSacUrNi sahita) nyAyAvatAra (siddhasena) 47. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bhaNDAgAra, bambaI, san 1918 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1993 gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, san 1966 sampA., muni ghAsIlAla, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1958 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1991 paM. ToDaramala sarvodaya TrasTa, jayapura, san 2000 sampA., muni kanhaiyAlAla kamala Adi, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1994 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, san 1957-60 paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, san 1976 TIkAkAra, zAstrI makkhana lAla, grantha prakAza, indaura, vI.ni.saM. 2444 zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImada rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, san 1986 zrI digambara jaina samAja, kucAmana siTI (rAja.) vi.saM. 2033 sampA., muni jinavijaya, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, kalakattA, vi.saM. 1997 sampA., saMghavI sukhalAla, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, kalakattA, san 1939 sampA., upAdhye, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa, 1964 48. paMcAdhyAyI (pUrvAdha) paMcAstikAya (kuMdakuMda) 50. puruSArthasiddhayupAya (amRtacandrAcArya) 51. prabhAvakacarita 52. pramANamImAMsA (akalaMka) 53. pravacanasAra (kuMdakuMda) 300 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #327
54. 62. prazamarati (umAsvAti) paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, vi.saM. 2044 prajJApanAsUtra (khaNDa 1, 2, 3) sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1993 prajJApanAsUtra (malayagirikRta TIkAsahita) Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, san 1918-19 bRhatkalpa (niyukti, bhASya, TIkA) sampA., muni caturvijaya, puNyavijaya, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, san 1990-98 bRhaddavyasaMgraha zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, san 1989 mahAbhArata - khilabhAga harivaMza gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi.saM. 2053 (hindI TIkA sahita) mUlAcAra (bhAga 1-2) bhA. di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi.saM. 1977-80 mUlArAdhanA (bhagavatI ArAdhanA) di. jaina granthamAlA, kAraMjA, san 1935 mokSamArga prakAzaka AcArya kalpa, paM. ToDaramala granthamAlA, bApUnagara, jayapura ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra (samantabhadra) sa., paM. jugalakizora, bhAratIya digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, san 1925 ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra zrI zrutasAgara va grantha prakAzana samiti, pATaNa, vi.saM. 2001 rAjapraznIyasUtram sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1981 vasunandizrAvakAcAra (A. vasunandi) / bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, vi.saM. 2009 vipAkasUtra sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1992 vizeSAvazyakabhASya jaina sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, san 1937 vizeSAvazyakabhASya jaina derAsara ceriTebala TrasTa, bambaI vi.saM. 2039 vyavahArasUtra (niyukti tathA bhASya sahita) kezavalAla premacanda, ahamadAbAda, vi.saM. 1982-85 68. 69. 70. sandarbha grantha 301

Page #328
71. vyavahArabhASya SaTkhaNDAgama (pustaka 1 dhavalA TIkAsahita) SaTkhaNDAgama (pustaka 4 dhavalA TIkA sahita) SaDdarzana samuccaya 75. sanmati prakaraNa (A. siddhasena) saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI samayasAra (kuMdakuMda) samavAyAMga (abhayadeva vRtti sahita) samavAyAMgasUtra sampA., muni mANaka, kezavalAla premacanda, bhAvanagara, vi.saM. 1994 sampA., hIrAlAla jaina, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya amarAvatI, barAra, san 1939 jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, san 1996 bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, san 1981 saMghavI sukhalAla evaM dozI, becaradAsa, jIvarAja jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, vi.saM. 2019 paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, san 1916 paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, san 1932 Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, san 1991 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1991 paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, vI.ni.saM. 2432 sampA. zAstrI phUlacanda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, san 1991 sampA. zAstrI bAlacandra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, san 1944 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1982 sampA., muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1992 paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, san 1992 sampA., jaina pannAlAla, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, san 1962 sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (umAsvAti) sarvArthasiddhi (pUjyapAda) sAvayapannatI (haribhadra) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (bhAga 1, 2) sthAnAMgasUtra 85. syAdvAdamaMjarI (malliSeNa) 86. harivaMzapurANa (jinasena) 302 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #329
1. 2. khaNDa 'ga'- sahAyaka grantha sUcI (Adhunika) AcArya tulasI, jaina siddhAnta dIpikA, aNuvrata samiti, jayapura koThArI, subhASa, upAsakadazAMga aura usakA zrAvakAcAra, Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura, san 1988 khIMcA, pArasamaNi, jaina AgamoM kA dArzanika evaM sAMskRtika vivecana, jana maMgala saMsthAna, Ara-61, oTIesa, udayapura caTarjI evaM dattA, bhAratIya darzana - pustaka bhaNDAra, pttnaa| jaina, narendra, karuNA kA jharanA, (vartamAna yuga meM jaina darzana), prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura jaina, jagadIzacandra, Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, caukhambA, vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, san 1965 jaina, jagadIzacandra, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, caukhambA, vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, san 1965 jaina, premasumana, jaina dharma aura jIvana mUlya, saMghI prakAzana jayapura, 1990 jaina, premasumana, kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, prAkRta jaina zAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI, vi.saM. 1975 jaina, mahendra kumAra, jaina darzana, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, san 1974 jaina, ramezacandra, anekAnta evaM syAdvAdavimarza, AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara, san 1996 jaina, lAlacanda, jaina darzana meM Atma vicAra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, san 1984 jaina, sAgaramala, jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI jaina, sAgaramala, jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA samAja darzana, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jaina, sudarzana lAla, uttarAdhyayanasUtra eka parizIlana, sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti, gurubAjAra, amRtasara, vi.sa. 2037 10. 13. 15. sandarbha grantha 303

Page #330
16. jaina, hIrAlAla, 17. DAgA, DaoN. tArA, DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, dozI, becaradAsa, pANDeya, harizaMkara, premI nAthUrAma, masIha, yAkuba, mAlavaNiyA paM. dalasukha, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSada bhopAla, san 1962 prAkRta sAhitya kI rUpa-rekhA, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 2006 bhAratIya darzana, rAjapAla eNDa sansa, naI dillI, 1986 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga-1, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, san 1966 prAkRta evaM jainAgama sAhitya, zrI lakSmI pablikezana ArA, san 2000 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI, san 1956 sAmAnya dharma darzana evaM dArzanika vizleSaNa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, 1997 Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 1990 jainadarzana kA AdikAla, ela.DI. iMsTITyUTa oNpha iNDolojI, ahamadAbAda, vi.sa. 2037 / jainAgama digdarzana, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 1980 jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA, Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, curu, 1973 vizva prahelikA, paM. jeThAlAla esa. javerI, bambaI, san, 1969 karmagrantha, marudhara kesarI, sAhitya prakAzana samiti, byAvara jainAgama navanIta (bhAga 7), Agama navanIta prakAzana samiti, sirohI, san 1993 jaina-darzana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, san 1959 jaina-dharma darzana, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1973 mAlavaNiyA paM. dalasukha, muni DaoN. nagarAja, muni nathamala, muni mahendrakumAra (dvitIya), muni mizrImala, muni triloka, mehatA, mohanalAla, mehatA, mohanalAla, 31. 304 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #331
32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 1. 2. mehatA, mohanalAla, lor3hA, kanhaiyAlAla, varNI, jinendra, zAstrI, kailAzacandra, zAstrI, kailAzacandra, zAstrI, devendra muni, zAstrI, devendra muni, zAstrI, devendra muni, zAstrI, nemicandra, saMghavI, sukhalAla, sAdhvI, caraNaprabhA, sAdhvI, saMghamitrA, sAdhvI, DaoN. rAjazrI, sUri, haribhadra, jaina AcAra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1966 sakArAtmaka ahiMsA, zAstrIya aura cAritrika AdhAra, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 2004 sandarbha grantha jaina darzana meM padArtha vijJAna, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, san 1977 jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( bhAga 1 ), gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA prakAzana, vArANasI, vI. ni. sa. 2502 jaina dharma, bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, san 1955 jaina darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 1975 jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, san 1977 jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura san 1982 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, tArA pablikezana, vArANasI, san 1966 darzana aura cintana, sukhalAla jI sammAna samiti, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, ahamadAbAda, san 1957 purANoM meM jaina dharma, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, san 2000 jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~, san 1994 AcArAMga - zIlAMka vRtti eka adhyayana prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura 2001 SaDdarzana samucca, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI, pharavarI 18, 1944 khaNDa 'gha' - koza grantha abhidhAna rAjendra koza (sAta khaNDa) arddhamAgadhIkoza (bhAga 1-5) zrI rAjendra sUri jI ratalAma (saM.) muni ratnacandra jI ma.sA. 305

Page #332
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 306 Agamazabdakoza ekArthakako jainendra siddhAntakoza ( bhAga 1-3 ) nAlandA vizAla zabda sAgara nirukta koza pAia - sadda - mahaNNavo bRhat hindI koza saMskRta iMgliza DikzanarI anekAnta jinavANI jaina prakAza jaina bhAratI jaina vidyA tulasI- prajJA resIDanTa janarala sekreTarIja, bambaI, san 1930 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI lADanU~, san 1980 (saM.) yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, san 1984 jainendravarNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1986 (saM.) navalajI, Adarza buka Dipo, dillI khaNDa 'Ga' - zodha patra - (saM.) yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, san 1984 paM. haragovinda dAsa, prAkRta TaiksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI, san 1963 (saM.) kAlikA prasAda Adi, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, banArasa, vi. sa. 2013 moniyara vilsana, muMzIrAma manohara lAla prakAzana prAiveTa limiTeDa, dillI, san 1981 tra-patrikAe~ vIra sevA mandira, dillI sa. DaoN. dharmacandra jaina, samyagjJAna, pracAraka maNDala, jayapura sa. je. mANakacaMda koThArI, zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina, kAnphreMsa, dillI zrI kanhaiyAlAla chAjer3a, kalakattA sa. DaoN0 kamalacaMda sogAnI Adi, jaina vidyA saMsthAna, mahAvIra jI sa. zAntA jaina, vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #333
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. prAkRta vidyA prekSA dhyAna zramaNa zramaNopAsaka sambodhi Jain Journal Dr. Radhakrishnan Hawking Stephen Sikdar. J. C. Sogani K.C. Tatia Nathmal sandarbha grantha English sa. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina, zrI kuMdakuMda bhAratI TrasTa, dillI lADanUM sa. DaoN. zivaprasAda, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI sa. campAlAla DAgA, zrI a. bhA. sA. jaina saMgha, bIkAnera ela.DI. insTITyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, ahamadAbAda Jain Bhawan, Publication, Calcutta Indian Philosophy (Vol.1)-1929 A Brief History of Time, Bantam- 1988 Studies in Bhagvati Sutra, Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology and Ahinsa, Bihar, 1964 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism, Jain Sanskriti Samrakshka Sangha, Sholapur, 1967 Studies in Jaina Philosophy, Jain Cultural Research Society, Banaras, 1951 307

Page #334
pariziSTa aMga praviSTa aMga bAhya aMgAra doSa akriyAvAdI akSINaparibhojI akSetravAna acetana ajIva dravya ajJAnavAdI aNuvrata atimukta kumAra adharmAstikAya adholoka anazana anubhAgabaMdha anumAna anuyoga anekAntavAda antakriyA antarakAla anyatIrthika apkAyika aparyAptaka apavartanA abhiniSkramaNa amUrta ariSTanemi ardhamAgadhI 308 zabdAnukramaNikA 12 12, 13 243 213 207 80 80 81, 82, 116 213 265 47 137, 138 69 240 285 168-170 13 173,175,176 289 128 212, 213 102 111, 112 286 224 80 4 12 alokAkAza avakAzAntara avaktavya kA sthAna avagAhanA avadhijJAna maudarya avasarpiNI aSTacarama asaMsArasamApannaka asarvagata astikAya AkAza AkAzAstikAya Agama AgamavAcanAe~ AcArAMga AjIvika AtmA AbhinibodhikajJAna Abhiyogika ArAdhanA AlocanA itvarika anazana indriyAM IzAnendra uttaraguNapratyAkhyAna uttarAdhyayana utpAda 144 73 186 143 163 240 3 208 101 81 67 142, 143 142 5-16 9, 10, 11 19 202 85, 86 164 212 229 233-235 240 99 47 273 23, 24 76, 77, 91 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #335
96 68, 69 80 gaMdha 119 77 226, 254 266 232, 233 46, 202, 209 106 108 60 70 195 95 97 utsarpiNI udAyana udIraNA udvartanA upamAna upayoga upayoga-AtmA uraparisarpa Urdhvaloka RSabhadeva airyApathika baMdha oghAdeza audayika aupazamika karma karmaniSekakAla karmaprakRti karmabaMdha 282 kaSAya-AtmA kAMkSAmohanIya karma kAndarpika kAyakleza kAla dravya kAlAsyavezI kriyA kriyAvAdI kriyAvAna kulakara kuzIla kevalajJAna kSAyika kSAyopazamika 46, 47 kSetraloka 286 kSetravAna 286 170, 171 guNa 86, 88 guNaratnasaMvatsara 96 guNavata 108 gupti gozAlaka caturindriya 283 catuSpada cAraNalabdhi cAritra-AtmA 95 cAritra ArAdhanA 277, 278 cetana 291 cedA 290 jamAli 279, 280, jayantI jalacara 96 jAgarikA 43, 292-294 jIva 212 jJAtAdharmakathA 245 jJAna 147-153 jJAnaAtmA 48 jJAna ArAdhanA 43, 284 jJAna-vibhAjana 213 80 tAmalI tApasa 4, 50 tiyagloka 258 tIna ajJAna 164 tIrthaMkara 96 .. tejakAyika 230, 231 80, 86 87 45, 201, 202 48 108 274 86, 87, 94 22 159 96 229 160-163 22, 238, 239 tapa 49 69 165 3, 50 102 zabdAnukramaNikA 309

Page #336
120,123,124 129 97 96 93 205, 207 209, 210 250-252 164, 165 111 deva paramANu paramANu baMdha pariNAmika parimANa parivartta parihAra parivrAjaka pariSaha parokSajJAna paryAptaka paryAya paryAyArthika naya pAdapopagamana maraNa pAnaka-apAnaka pArzvanAtha pApityIya pudgala pudgala parivarta dravya 77 193 trasa 102, 105 trIndriya 106 thalacara 108... -- darzana-AtmA darzana ArAdhanA 230 dik (dizA) 145, 146 dizAprokSaNa tApasacaryA 211 109, 110 devAnandA 48 76, 97 dravya-AtmA 96 dravyArthika naya 193, 194 dvIndriya 106 dharmAstikAya 133 dhUma doSa 243 dhyAna 249 dhrauvya 76, 77 nabhacara 108 naya 189, 190 nikAcana 286 nigoda 103 nimittavAda 208, 209 nirAkAropayoga 88, 159 nirgaMtha 258 nirjarA 288, 289 nirvikalpaka 165 107 naizcayika naya 195, 196 paMca mahAvrata 231 paMcavidha vyavahAra 229 paMcendriya 106 paMDitamaraNa 256 256 208 200, 201 116,117,118 122, 123 pudgalI 99 punarjanma 287 pulAka 258 7 102 268 285 23 246 nairayika pRthvIkAyika pauSadha prakRtibaMdha prajJApanAsUtra pratisaMlInatA pratisevanA pratyakSajJAna pratyakSa pramANa pratyAkhyAna pradezabaMdha pradezArthika naya 233 163 168 271 285 194 310 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #337
pramANa prANa prAyazcita bakuza bAlamaraNa bhaktapratyAkhyAna maraNa bhagavatI bhadrabAhu bhAvavAna bhAvArthika na bhikSAcaryA bhikSu pratimA bhujaparisarpa bhUta maMkhali maMgalAcaraNa mana manaH paryavajJAna manuSya maraNa malli mahAbala mahAvIra mukti mudgala parivrAjaka mUrta mUlaguNapratyAkhyAna meghakumAra yAvatkathika anazana yoga yoga-AtmA rajju zabdAnukramaNikA 166 94 237, 238 258 255, 256 256 28 9 80 193 241, 242 253, 254 108 4 202, 207 57 100 164 109 255, 256 23 47 5, 22 290 48 80 272 22 240 283 96 72 rasa rasaparityAga zyA loka loka-parimANa lokasaMsthAna lokasthiti lokAkAza vanaspatikAyika varNa vAnaprastha vijJa vidhAnAdeza vinaya vinayavAdI vibhajyavAda vIrya - AtmA veda vedanA vaiyAvRtya vyaya vyavadAna vyavasAya vyavahArika naya vyAkhyAprajJapti vyutsarga zataka zamana zikSAvrata zivarAjarSi zramaNa 119 245 291, 292 66-68 71, 72 70 70 144 103 119 210, 211 103 94 195 247 214 176 97 94 288 248 76, 77, 91 280 167 195 27, 28 249, 250 30, 31 219 267 46 218 311

Page #338
zrAvaka 184 zruta 262, 264 7 7. ----- 96 zruta kevalI 283 sAta bhaMga sAnnipAtika sAmparAyika baMdha siddha sudarzana sUtrakRtAMga 101 47 somila 286 258, 259 243 255, 271 101 119, 120 76, 77, 91 94 20 48, 263 49, 225 120 120 120 zruta sthavira saMkramaNa saMyata saMyojanA doSa saMlekhanA saMsArasamApannaka saMsthAna sat satva saptabhaMgI samana samavAyAMga samAcArI samAdhimaraNa samiti sarvagata savikalpaka sAkAropayoga 184 skandaka skandha skandhadeza skandhapradeza sthAnAMga sthAvara sthUlabhadra sparza syAdvAda svadeha parimANa svAdhyAya sthitibaMdha 218 21, 22 235, 236 257 21 102, 104 9, 10 119 182,183 90, 91 21, 248, 249 285 167 232 81 165 88, 159 * * * __312 312 bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana

Page #339
pustaka paricaya bhagavatIsUtra jaina Agama sAhitya ke itihAsa kA aisA camakatA nakSatra hai jisakI AbhA dravya-vijJAna se Arambha hokara AcAra Adi ko Alokita karatI huI vijJAna kI ora agrasara ho jAtI hai| isa grantha kA mUla nAma vyAkhyAprajJapti hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti nAma vAlA yaha paMcama aMga grantha janasAdhAraNa meM apanI pUjyatA va mahattA ke kAraNa hI bhagavatI ke nAma se prasiddha hai / sampUrNa grantha praznottara zailI meM likhA gayA hai jisameM gautama gaNadhara tathA anya jijJAsu ziSyoM dvArA pUche gaye sahasroM praznoM ke uttara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne svayaM pradAna kara unakI jijJAsAoM ko zAMta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / bhagavatIsUtra jJAna kA aisA vizvakoza hai, jo apane meM samasta viSayoM ko samAhita kiye hue hai| AcAryoM ne ise zAstrarAja evaM jJAna kA mahAsAgara kahakara saMbodhita kiyA hai| prastuta kRti 'bhagavatIsUtra kA dArzanika parizIlana' isa vizAlakAya grantha ke dArzanika pakSa ko prastuta karane kA eka choTA sA prayAsa hai|

Page #340
prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura sosAyaTI phaoNra sAinTiphika eNDa ethikala liviMga 13e, gurunAnaka patha, mena mAlavIya nagara, jayapura ISBN No. 978-93-81571-15-6