Sahitya Darpan kosha

Author(s): Ramankumar Sharma
Publisher: Vidyanidhi Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/091019/1

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sAhityadarpaNakoza DaoN0 ramaNa kumAra zarmA vidyAnidhi prakAzana

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(iii) zubhAzaMsA DA0 ramaNa kumAra zarmA dvArA taiyAra kiye gaye sAhityadarpaNakoza ko maiMne sthAlIpulAkanyAya se dekhA hai jo bar3e hI parizrama evaM lagna se taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| sAhityadarpaNa meM prayukta sampUrNa pAribhASika padAvalI ko lekara usakA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa atyanta saMkSepa meM diyA gayA hai jo usa pAribhASika tattva ke svarUpa ko to spaSTa karatA hI hai, usake usa artha meM rUr3ha hone ke rahasya kA bhI udghATana karatA hai| sAhityadarpaNa eka aisA zAstrIya grantha hai jisameM I0 pU0 ke nATyazAstra se lekara kavirAja vizvanAtha ke kAla caudahavIM zatAbdI taka vikasita evaM vyavahAra meM Ane vAlI nikhila pAribhASika padAvalI kA prayoga huA hai, cAhe vaha dRzyakAvyaviSayaka ho athavA zravyakAvyaviSayaka / DA0 zarmA ne use varNAnukrama se vyavasthita kara jo yaha koza taiyAra kiyA hai vaha sAhityazAstra ke chAtroM evam adhyApakoM ke lie parama upAdeya hai| merA vizvAsa hai ki isase ubhayavarga lAbhAnvita hogA tathA isa koza kA upayoga sAhityazAstra para kiye jAne vAle zodhakArya meM bhI upayogI siddha hogaa| isa uttama kArya ke lie DA0 zarmA sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiM tathA inakA yaha koza sarvathA abhyarhaNIya hai| rAmanavamI, saMvat 2053 pro0 vrajamohana caturvedI, pUrva adhyakSa, saMskRtavibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI |

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(v) prarocanA saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke itihAsa meM sAhityadarpaNa eka dvitIya zreNI kA lakSaNagrantha hai| kevala rasasiddhAnta kI kAvyAtmA ke rUpa meM pratiSThA AcArya vizvanAtha ne avazya kI aura isI ke kAraNa unheM sahRdayoM kI ora se prabhUta sammAna bhI milA, isake atirikta kAvyazAstra kI paramparA meM koI maulika siddhAnta kavirAja ne isa lakSaNagrantha ke mAdhyama se nahIM diyA punarapi unake sAhityadarpaNa meM kucha aisA vaiziSTya avazya hai ki vidvAn isa grantha ko zatAbdiyoM se paryApta Adara dete rahe haiN| Aja bhI bhArata ke adhikAMza vizvavidyAlayoM meM saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke chAtroM ko sAhitya ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM kA paricaya karAne ke lie isa grantha ko pAThyakrama meM nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai kyoMki sAhityasamIkSA ke lagabhaga sabhI siddhAnta isameM sAmAnya rUpa se vivecita hue haiM jo zAstra meM pravezArthI chAtroM ke lie atyanta upayogI haiN| viSayoM ke vivecanakrama meM AcArya anAvazyaka zAstrArtha meM pravRtta nahIM huA parantu avazyavarNanIya viSaya ko usane yathAsambhava chor3A bhI nhiiN| zravyakAvya ke sAtha-sAtha dRzyakAvya kA bhI vivecana hone ke kAraNa yaha eka samagra lakSaNa-grantha bana gayA hai| ina donoM ke lie samanvita rUpa se 'sAhitya' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| lakSaNoM ke viSaya meM maulika na hokara bhI yaha grantha viSaya ko spaSTa karane meM avazya samartha hai parantu Aja adhyayana kA mAdhyama saMskRta na rahane ke kAraNa chAtroM ko ise hRdayaGgama karane meM bhI samasyA hotI hai| ataeva unake paritoSa ke lie anAvazyaka vistAra se bacate hue isake eka padAnukramakoza ke nirmANa kI AvazyakatA anubhava kI jA rahI thii| ucca stara para sAhityazAstra kA adhyayana karane vAle saMskRta aura hindI ke vidyArthiyoM ke lie to isakA upayoga honA hI cAhie, kAvyazAstra aura nATyazAstra ke pAribhASika zabdoM kA paricaya dene ke kAraNa eka artha meM sAhityazAstra ke eka sandarbhagrantha ke rUpa meM zodhArthiyoM ke lie bhI upAdeya ho sake. isI uddezya kI pUrti meM mere isa zrama kI saphalatA nihita hai|

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(vi) sarvathA maulikatA kA to koI dAvA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA parantu sAhityadarpaNakAra ke pakSa ko yathAzakti prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| kAvyazAstra aura nATyazAstra ke anya AcAryoM kA mata bhI kevala vahIM para uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jahA~ vaha sAhityadarpaNakAra ke abhiprAya ko spaSTa karane ke lie upayogI pratIta huaa| pratyeka praviSTi ke sAtha usakA sandarbha bhI de diyA gayA hai| isake lie bhAratIya buka kArporezana se do TIkAoM, kavirAja ke putra anantadAsakRta locana tathA bhaTTAcArya mahezvara tarkAlaGkArakRta vijJapriyAsahita 1988 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita saMskaraNa kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| anya bhI jina aneka granthoM kI sahAyatA viSaya ko samajhane ke lie lI gayI hai, unake prati hRdaya se AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| pUjya gurupAda pro. vrajamohana caturvedI ke puNya AzIrvAda se hI kAvyazAstra meM mujhe praveza karane kA sAhasa ho pAyA hai, unakA kRtajJa huuN| prArambha meM AzIrvAda dekara unhoMne mujhe upakRta kiyA hai| pustaka ko zIghra prakAzita karane ke lie vidyAnidhi prakAzana bhI dhanyavAdAha hai| -ramaNa kumAra zarmA

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(vii) saGketAkSarasUcI a.ko. a.pu. a.bhA. a.zA. u.rA. u.rA.ca. ka.ke. ka.pa. ka.ma. kA.pra. ki. ku.a.ca. ku.mA ku.sa. ca.ka. ca.ko. jA.rA. amarakozaH agnipurANam abhinavabhAratI abhijJAnazAkuntalam udAttarAghavam uttararAmacaritam kandarpakeliH karNaparAkramaH karpUramaJjarI kAvyaprakAzaH kirAtArjunIyam kuvalayAzvacaritam kundamAlA kumArasambhavam candrakalA nATikA caNDakauzikam jAnakIrAghavam dhUrtacaritam nAgAnandam nATyazAstram nyAyakusumAJjaliH puSpabhUSitam prazastiratnAvalI prabhAvatI dhU.ca. nA.na. nA.zA. nyA.ku. pu.bhU. pra.ra. pra.va.

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( viji ) bA.ca bA.rA ma.ca. ma.bhA. mA.a. mA.mA. mu.rA. mR.ka. ya.vi. ra.nA. ra.va. ov rA bAlacaritam bAlarAmAyaNam mahAvIracaritam mahAbhAratam mAlavikAgnimitram mAlatImAdhavam mudrArAkSasam mRcchakaTikam yayAtivijayam ratnAvalI nATikA raghuvaMzam raGgavRttam rAmAyaNam rAghavAbhyudayaH rAmAbhinandanATakam rAghavAnandam rAghavavilAsaH laTakamelakam vikramorvazIyam viSNupurANam veNIsaMhAram vyaktivivekaH zRGgAratilakam sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNam sAhityadarpaNa: setubandham rA.a. rA.a.nA. rA.A. rA.vi. la.me. vi.u. vi.pu. ve.saM. vya.vi. zR.ti. sa.ka. sA.da. se.ba.

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akANDechedaH aGkaH akANDechedaH - eka kAvyadoSa / jaba rasa apane pUrNa paripAka para ho, use acAnaka vicchinna kara denA akANDechedaH nAmaka kAvyadoSa hai / yathA, ma.ca. ke dvitIyAGka meM rAma aura parazurAma ke saMvAda me vIra rasa ke caramotkarSa para pahu~cane para rAmacandra kA yaha kathana " kaGkaNamocanAya gacchAmi " / yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6) akANDeprathanam - eka kAvyadoSa / vinA avasara ke rasa kA pratipAdana akANDeprathanam nAmaka kAvyadoSa hai| yathA, ve.saM. ke dvitIyAGka meM aneka vIroM ke kSayakAraka yuddha meM pravRtta hone para duryodhana kA bhAnumatI ke sAtha shRnggaarprdrshn| yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6) akramatvam - eka kAvyadoSa / jahA~ prayukta kiye gaye zabdoM kA krama ucita na ho| yathA, samaya eva karoti balAbalaM praNigadanta itIva zarIriNAm / zaradi haMsaravAH paruSIkRtasvaramayUramayU ramaNIyatAm / / yahA~ 'samaya eva karoti balAbalam' isa paMkti kA 'iti' pada se parAmarza hotA hai, ata: isI ke anantara isa pada kA prayoga honA cAhie thA parantu yaha 'praNigadantaH ' pada ke pazcAt prayukta hai| isI prakAra ku.sa. ke prasiddha padya, dvayaM gataM samprati zocanIyatAM samAgamaprArthanayA pinAkinaH / kalA ca sA kAntimatI kalAvatastvamasya lokasya ca netrkaumudii|| meM kalAvAn ke sAtha 'tvam' pada kA samuccaya hai, loka kA nhiiN| ata: 'ca' pada 'tvam' ke anantara AnA caahie| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) akSamA- eka nATyAlaGkAra / svalpa tiraskAra ko bhI sahana na karanA -akSamA sA paribhavaH svalpo'pi na viSahyate / a.zA. ke paJcamAGka meM zakuntalA ke pratyAkhyAna ke anantara zArGgarava kI uktiyA~ isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/211) akSarasaGghAtaH-eka nATyalakSaNa / vicitra artha vAle parimita zabdoM se kiyA gayA varNana akSarasaGghAta kahA jAtA hai-varNanAkSarasaGghAtazcitrArthairakSarairmitaiH (6/172)1 aGkaH- rUpaka kA eka bheda / isI kI eka anya saMjJA utsRSTikAGka bhI hai| nATakAdi meM bhI kyoMki aGkoM kI yojanA hotI hai, ata: usase isakA

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aGkaH 2 aGkaH bheda pradarzita karane ke lie kucha AcArya isakI pRthak saMjJA karate hai| anya AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki isameM sRSTi (jIvana) utkrAnta arthAt viparIta rahatI hai, ataH isakI saMjJA utsRSTikAGka hai- utkrAntA vilomarUpA sRSTiryatretyutsRSTikAGkaH / isameM kavi apanI buddhi se kisI prakhyAta ghaTanA kA prapaJca eka aGka meM karatA hai / sandhi, vRtti aura aGkayojanA bhANa ke samAna hotI hai| vAkkalaha aura nirveda ke vacanoM kA prayoga hotA hai tathA anta meM jaya aura parAjaya kA bhI varNana hotA hai| isake nAyaka sAmAnya manuSya hote haiM tathA strIpAtroM kA vilApa pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai, ataH karuNarasa sthAyI rUpa se varNita hotA hai| isakA udAharaNa zarmiSThAyayAtiH nAmaka racanA hai| (6/261) aGkaH-rUpaka kA eka khaNDa / eka dina meM nirvartya kathA ko prAyojita karane vAlA rUpaka kA aMza aGka kahA jAtA hai| yaha aneka prakAra ke saMvidhAnakoM se yukta hotA hai| isameM avAntara kArya to pUrNa ho jAte haiM parantu bindu saMlagna rahatA hai| kAryoM kA bahuta adhika vistAra nahIM hotA parantu Avazyaka sandhyAvandanAdi kAryoM kA pradarzana bhI avazya kiyA jAtA hai| bIja kA upasaMhAra nahIM hotA / eka aGka meM bahuta adhika padyoM kA prayoga bhI nahIM karanA caahie| gUr3hArthaka zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| choTe-choTe alpasamAsayukta gadyavAkya (saMvAda ke rUpa meM) prayukta hote haiN| rasa aura bhAva spaSTa rUpa se uddIpta hote haiN| nAyaka kA caritra pratyakSa hotA hai tathA usake sAtha tIna cAra anya pAtra bhI raGgamaJca para dRSTigocara hote hai, ve sabhI aGka kI samApti para nikala jAte haiN| aGka kI zilpa sambandhI ina sthApanAoM ke sAtha AcArya vizvanAtha ne maJca para pariharaNIya viSayoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| dUra se AhvAna, vadha, yuddha, rAjya meM viplava, vivAha, bhojana, zApa, malatyAga, mRtyu, sambhoga, dantakSata, nakhakSata, anya lajjAspada kArya, zayana, adharapAna, nagarAdi kA avarodha, snAna, candanAdi kA lepa raGgamaJca para pradarzita nahIM kiye jAne cAhie~ / devI, parijana, amAtya, vaNik Adi ke caritoM ke varNana tathA rasoM aura bhAvoM kI utpatti dikhAyI jAnI cAhie parantu varNanoM kA bahuta adhika vistAra iSTa nahIM hai| (6/7)

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aGkamukham atadguNaH aGkamukham-arthopakSepaka kA eka bhed| jahA~ eka hI aGka meM saba aGkoM kI nikhila sUcanA dI jAye tathA jo bIjabhUta artha kA khyApaka ho, use aGkamukha kahate haiN| yathA mA.mA. ke prathamAGka ke prArambha meM hI kAmandakI aura avalokitA ne agalI saba ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA de dii| dhanika ne aGkAsya kA lakSaNa anya prakAra se kiyA hai| unake anusAra aGka ke anta meM praviSTa pAtroM ke dvArA vigata aGka se agalI kathA kA sUcana isake dvArA hotA hai| yathA ma. ca. ke dvitIya aGka ke anta meM sumantra nAmaka pAtra ne praveza karake zatAnanda janaka kI kathA ko vicchinna karake AgAmI aGka ke Arambha kI sUcanA dI hai| kucha AcArya ise arthopakSepaka kA svatantra bheda nahIM mAnate pratyuta use aGkAvatAra meM hI gatArtha mAna lete haiN| (6/41, 42) alAvatAraH-arthopakSepaka kA eka bhed| pUrva aGka ke anta meM usI ke pAtroM ke dvArA hI jaba agale aGka kI sUcanA de dI jAtI hai to yaha aGkAvatAra kahA jAtA hai| isameM pUrva aGka kI kathA kA viccheda kiye vinA hI AgAmI aMGka kI kathA pravRtta hotI hai| isakA udAharaNa a.zA. ke paJcamAGka meM pAtroM ke dvArA sUcita tathA usase avibhakta rUpa se avatIrNa SaSThAGka hai| (6/40) aGkAsyam-dekheM angkmukhm| aGgasyAtivistRti:-eka kaavydoss| apradhAna vastu ke atyanta vistAra meM aGgasyAtivistRti nAmaka kAvyadoSa hotA hai, yathA ki0 meM apsarAoM ke vilAsa kA vrnnn| yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6) ___ aGgI-ananusandhAnam-eka kaavydoss| pradhAna kA vismaraNa ho jAnA, yathA ra.nA. ke caturtha aGka meM vAbhravya ke A jAne para udayana ko sAgarikA kI vismRti ho jAtI hai| yaha rasadoSa hai| (776) ___ atadguNaH-eka arthaalngkaar| kAraNa ke hone para bhI dUsarI vastu ke guNoM ko grahaNa na karane para atadguNa alaGkAra hotA hai-tadrUpAnanuhArastu hetau stypytdgunnH| yathA, hanta sAndreNa rAgeNa bhRte'pi hRdaye mm| guNa gauraniSaNNo'pi kathaM nAma na rjysi|| isa padya meM hRdaya ke rAga se yukta hone para bhI usameM sthita nAyaka rakta nahIM ho rahA, ataH atadguNa alaGkAra hai|

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atizayoktiH 4 adbhutaH yahA~ vastuta: kAraNa ke hone para bhI kArya ke na hone se vizeSokti prApta hai parantu guNoM kA grahaNa na karane rUpa viziSTa camatkAra hone ke kAraNa ise pRthak alaGkAra kahA gayA hai| ( 10 / 118) atizayoktiH - eka arthAlaGkAra / adhyavasAya ke siddha hone para atizayokti alaGkAra hotA hai- siddhtve'dhyvsaaysyaatishyoktirnigdyte| adhyavasAya se abhiprAya hai-upameya ke vAstavika svarUpa ko dabAkara upamAna ke sAtha usakA abheda sthApita karanA - viSayasyAnupAdAne'pyupAdAne'pi sUrayaH / adha:karaNamAtreNa nigIrNatvaM pracakSate / yathA, mukhaM dvitIyazcandraH / yahA~ mukha kA nigaraNa karake candramA ke sAtha usakA abheda sthApita kiyA gayA hai| utprekSA meM adhyavasAya sAdhya rahatA hai jabaki atizayokti meM vaha siddha hai| atizayokti ke pA~ca prakAra haiM- (1) bheda hone para abhedvrnnn| (2) sambandha hone para bhI asambandha kathana / (3) abheda hone para bheda varNana / (4) asambandha hone para bhI sambandha kathana tathA (5) kAryakAraNa ke paurvAparya kA vytyy| (10/66) atihasitam - hAsya kA eka bheda / jahA~ ha~sate-ha~sate A~kha meM pAnI Ane ke sAtha hAthapaira bhI paTake jAyeM vaha atihasita kahA jAtA hai-vikSiptAGgaM bhavatyatihasitam | yaha nIca prakRti ke logoM kA hAsya hai| (3/221) adbhuta :- eka rasa / vismayanAmaka sthAyIbhAva jaba vibhAvAdi ke dvArA puSTa hokara anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai to vaha adbhuta nAmaka rasa hotA hai| koI alaukika vastu usakA Alambana, usake guNoM kA varNana uddIpana, stambha, sveda, romAJca, gadgada - svara, sambhrama tathA netravikAsAdi isake anubhAva hote haiN| vitarka, Avega, sambhrAnti, harSAdi isake vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| isakA varNa pIta tathA devatA gandharva hai| yathA, dordnnddaanycitcndrshekhrdhnurdnnddaavbhnggodytssttngkaardhvniraarybaalcritprstaavnaaddinnddimH| drAkparyastakapAlasampuTamiladbrahmANDabhANDodarabhrAmyatpiNDitacaNDimA kathamaho nAdyApi vizrAmyati / / isa padya meM rAma ke dvArA dhanuSa tor3a diye jAne para lakSmaNa kA vismayanAmaka sthAyIbhAva TaGkAradhvanirUpa Alambana, , usakI atyantadIrghatArUpa

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adhikam 5 adhibalam uddIpana, usakI mahimAvarNanarUpa anubhAva tathA harSAdi vyabhicArIbhAvoM ke dvArA puSTa huA hai| (3/231) adhikam - eka arthAlaGkAra / Azraya tathA AzrayI meM se eka ke adhika hone para yaha alaGkAra hotA hai- AzrayAzrayiNorekasyAdhikye'dhikamucyate / ina donoM rUpoM ke udAharaNa kramaza: isa prakAra haiM- ( 1 ) kimadhikamasya brUmo mahimAnaM vaaridherhrirytr| ajJAta eva zete kukSau nikSipya bhuvanAni / / tathA (2) yugAntakAlapratisaMhatAtmano jaganti yasyAM savikAsamAsata / tanau mamustatra na kaiTabhadviSastapodhanAbhyAgamasambhavA mudaH / / inameM se prathama padya meM AzrayabhUta samudra kA adhikya pradarzita hai jahA~ bhagavAn viSNu bhI sAre saMsAra ko apanI kukSi meM sameTakara zayana karate hai tathA dvitIya padya meM AzrayI nAradamuni ke Agamana se prApta hone vAle Ananda kA Adhikya varNita hai jo bhagavAn kRSNa kI deha meM samA nahIM pA rahA / ( 10/94) adhikapadatA - eka kAvyadoSa / yadi anAvazyaka rUpa se adhika zabda prayukta hoM to adhikapadatA doSa hotA hai / yathA-pallavAkRtiraktoSThI / yahA~ 'AkRti' pada adhika prayukta hai| yathA ca-vAcamuvAca kautsH| yahA~ ' vAcam' pada adhika hai| uvAca kautsaH, itane mAtra se hI abhiprAya gRhIta ho jAtA hai| kahIM kahIM vizeSaNa dene ke lie adhika pada kA prayoga Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| yathA, 'uvAca madhurAM vAcam' yahA~ ' vAcam' ke vinA 'madhuram ' vizeSaNa kA prayoga nahIM ho sakatA, parantu vizeSaNa kA prayoga yadi kriyA-vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM kiyA jAnA zakya ho to bhI adhika pada kA prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie, yathA-uvAca madhuram / yahI adhikapadatva kabhI-2 guNarUpa bhI ho jAtA hai, yathA - Acarati durjano yatsahasA manaso'pyagocarAnarthAn / tanna na jAne spRzati manaH kintu naiva niSThuratAm ! yahA~ 'tanna na jAne' isa sthala para adhikapadatva bhI viziSTa zobhA utpanna kara rahA hai / (7/4) adhibalam - garbhasandhi kA eka aGga / chala se kisI kA anusandhAna karanA adhibala kahalAtA hai - adhibalamabhisandhizchalena yaH / yathA, ra.nA. meM kAJcanamAlA ke " bhaTTini ! iyaM sA citrazAlikA / vasantakasya saMjJAM karomi / " isa chala se rAjA aura vidUSaka pakar3e jAte haiN| (6/106)

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adhibalam ananvayaH adhiblm-viithyngg| spardhA ke kAraNa eka dUsare se bar3hakara vAkyoM kA kathana adhibala nAmaka vIthyaGga hai-anyonyavAkyAdhikyoktiH spardhayAdhibalaM mtm| isakA udAharaNa vizvanAtha kI pra.va. racanA kA vaha sthala hai jahA~ vajranAbha ke kathana ke anantara pradyumna kI pratyukti aura bhI adhika tIvra hai| (6/269) (pragalbhA) adhIrA-svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bhed| pati ke aparAdha karane para jo krodha ke kAraNa usakA tarjana aura tADana karatI hai-trjyettaaddyednyaa| yathA-zoNaM vIkSya mukhaM vicumbitumahaM yAtaH samIpaM tataH, pAdena prahRtaM tayA sapadi taM dhRtvA sahAse myi| kiJcittatra vidhAtumakSamatayA vASpaM tyajantyAH sakhe, dhyAtazcetasi kautukaM vitanute kopo'pi vaamdhruvH|| (3/78) (madhyA) adhIrA-svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bhed| kaThora uktiyoM se apane roSa ko vyakta karane vAlI nAyikA (madhyA) adhIrA kahI jAtI hai-adhIrA prussoktibhiH| yathA-sArdhaM manorathazataistava dhUrta kAntA saiva sthitA manasi kRtrimhaavrmyaa| asmAkamasti nahi kazcidihAvakAzastasmAt kRtaM crnnpaatviddmbnaabhiH|| (3/75) adhRtiH-pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI eka dshaa| kahIM bhI mana na lagane kI sthiti ko adhRti kahate haiN-srvtraaraagitaa'dhRtiH| (3/207) ____ adhyavasAya:-eka naattyaalngkaar| pratijJA ko adhyavasAya kahate haiN-prtijnyaadhyvsaayH| pra.va. meM vajranAbha kI ukti-asya vakSaH kSaNenaiva nirmathya gdyaanyaa| lIlayonmUlayAmyeSa bhuvanadvayamadya vH|| isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/221) anaGgakIrtanam-eka kaavydoss| jo rasa meM anupakAraka hai, usakA varNana anaGgakIrtana nAmaka kAvyadoSa hai| yathA ka.ma. meM svayam apane aura nAyikA ke dvArA kiye gaye vasantavarNana kI upekSA karake rAjA ne bandiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye vasantavarNana kI prazaMsA kii| (7/6) __ ananvayaH-eka arthaalngkaar| eka hI vastu ke upameya aura upamAna bhI hone para ananvaya alaGkAra hotA hai| do vAkyoM meM eka hI vastu kI upameyatA

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anavIkRta: 7 aniyameniyamatvam aura upamAnatA razanopamA tathA upameyopamA kahI gayI haiM ataH unakA ekavAkyagatatva arthataH gamya hai| eka hI vAkya meM eka hI vastu kA yaha upameya aura upamAnabhAva kAlpanika mAnA jAtA hai| isakA udAharaNa hai-rAjIvamiva rAjIvaM, jalaM jalamivAjani / candrazcandra ivAtandraH, zaratsamudayodyame / / yaha kyoMki mUlataH arthAlaGkAra hai, ata: yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki ina donoM kA kathana eka hI pada ke dvArA kiyA jAye / 'rAjIvamiva pAthojam' aisA kahane para bhI eka hI artha kI upamAnopameyatA banI rahatI hai| lATAnuprAsa se isakA vibhedaka AdhAra bhI yahI hai ki usake mUlataH zabdAlaGkAra hone ke kAraNa usameM padaparivartana sahya nahIM hotaa| ananvaya meM zabda kA aikya aucityamUlaka hotA hai, tAki usakI pratIti saMvegI banI rahe jabaki lATAnuprAsa meM to yaha sAkSAt prayojaka hI hai- ananvaye ca zabdaikyamaucityAdAnuSaGgikam / asmiMstu lATAnuprAse sAkSAdeva prayojakam || ( 10/30 ) anavIkRta :- eka kAvyadoSa / jahA~ prayukta padoM meM koI navInatA na ho, vahA~ anavIkRta doSa hotA hai / yathA - sadA carati khe bhAnuH, sadA vahati mArutaH / sadA dhatte bhuvaM zeSaH, sadA dhIro'vikatthanaH / / yahA~ cAroM caraNoM meM 'sadA' pada prayukta huA hai jisameM koI navInatA nahIM hai / kathana kA navIkaraNa karake isa doSa kA parihAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| yathA - bhAnuH sakRdyuktaturaGga eva, rAtrindivaM gandhavahaH prayAti / zeSaH sadaivAhitabhUmibhAraH, SaSThAMzavRtterapi dharma essH|| yahA~ tInoM caraNoM meM bAta kA svarUpa badala diyA gayA hai| kathitapadatva meM yadi punaH prayukta pada ko haTA deM to vaha doSa samApta ho jAtA hai parantu yahA~ yadi koI paryAya bhI rakha deM to bhI viziSTa camatkAra ke abhAva meM yaha doSa banA hI rahatA hai, isalie yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) anAlamba:-pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI eka dazA / mana kI zUnyatA anAlambanatA kahI jAtI hai- AnalambanatA cApi zUnyatA manasaH smRtA / (3/212) aniyameniyamatvam - eka kaavydoss| jo vastu niyamita rUpa se nahIM hotI, usameM niyama kA vidhAna karanA aniyameniyamatva nAmaka kAvyadoSa hai| yathA - Avartta eva nAbhiste, netre nIlasaroruhe / bhaGgAzca valayastena tvaM

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anukUlaH / vAstava makaranA cAhie anunayaH laavnnyaambuvaapikaa|| vAstava meM Avarta eva nAbhiH', isa prakAra 'eva' zabda ke prayoga se niyamavidhAna nahIM karanA caahie| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) ___anukUla:-nAyaka kA eka bhed| jo nAyaka eka hI nAyikA meM anurakta rahe, vaha anukUla kahA jAtA hai-anukUla eknirtH| yathA-asmAkaM sakhi vAsasI na rucire, graiveyakaM nojjvalaM, no vakrA gatiruddhataM na hasitaM, naivAsti kshcinmdH| kintvanye'pi janA vadanti subhago'pyasyAH priyo nAnyato, dRSTiM nikSipatIti vizvamiyatA manyAmahe duHsthitm|| (3/44) anukUlaH-eka arthaalngkaar| yadi pratikUlatA hI anukUla kArya sampanna karane lage to anukUla nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai- anukUlaM prAtikUlyamanukUlAnubandhi cet| yathA-kupitAsi yadA tanvi nidhAya krjksstm| badhAna bhujapAzAbhyAM kaNThamasya dRDhaM tdaa|| saba alaGkAroM se vilakSaNa camatkAra hone ke kAraNa ise svatantra alaGkAra hI mAnanA caahie| (10/84) anuktasiddhiH-eka naattylkssnn| prakaraNa vizeSa meM kahI gayI ukti se kisI viziSTa abhiprAya kA gamya honA anuktasiddhi nAmaka nATyalakSaNa hai-vizeSArthohaH prstaave'nuktsiddhirudiiryte| yathA, vizvAmitra ke sAtha rAma aura lakSmaNa ko dekhakara sItA ke prati usakI sakhI kA yaha kathana-dRzyete tanvi yAvetau cArU candramasaM prti| prAjJe kalyANanAmAnAvubhau tissypunrvsuu|| yahA~ una donoM se viziSTa candratulyatA se prAkaraNika netradvayaviziSTa mukha kA Uha hotA hai| (6/205) anucitArthatvam-eka kaavydoss| sandarbha ke anusAra yadi kisI zabda se ucita artha kI pratIti na ho rahI ho to anucitArtha doSa hotA hai| yathA-zUrA amaratAM yAnti pazubhUtA rnnaadhvre| yahA~ yuddharUpI yajJa meM zUroM kI tulanA nirIha pazuoM ke sAtha kI gayI hai, jo sarvathA anucita hai| zUra yajJiya pazuoM ke samAna kAtara nahIM hote| (7/3) anunayaH-eka naattylkssnn| snehapUrNa vAkyoM ke dvArA artha ke siddha karane ko anunaya kahate haiM-vAkyaiH snigdhairananayo bhavedarthasya saadhnm| ve.saM. meM azvatthAmA ke prati kRpAcArya kI ukti "divyAstragrAmakovide bhAradvAjatulyaparAkrame kiM na sambhAvyate tvayi?" isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/194)

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anuprAsaH anumAnam anuprAsaH- eka shbdaalngkaar| svaroM kI bhinnatA hone para bhI pada, padAMza kI samAnatA ko anuprAsa kahate haiM-anuprAsaH zabdasAmyaM vaiSamye'pi svarasya yt| lakSaNavAkya meM 'api' pada kA prayoga yaha sUcita karatA hai ki svara kI viSamatA vaikalpika hai, vyaJjana avazya bhinna hone cAhie, kyoMki svaramAtra kI samAnatA se koI vaicitrya nahIM utAnna hotA parantu vyaJjanoM ke nyAsa ke viSaya meM yaha bhI zarta hai ki vaha rasAdi se sarvathA anugata honA caahie| arthAt jahA~ zRGgArAdi komala rasa vyaGgya hoM vahA~ komala varNoM kA tathA raudrAdi rasoM kI abhivyakti hone para TakArAdi kaThora vargoM kA nyAsa prakRSTa hai| anuprAsa ke pA~ca bheda haiM-chekAnuprAsa, vRttyanuprAsa, zrutyanuprAsa, antyAnuprAsa tathA laattaanupraas| (10/3) anubhAvaH-rasa kA eka angg| rati Adi sthAyIbhAva jaba ubuddha hokara rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM to usakI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM vyakti ke hAvabhAva badala jAte haiM tathA vaha usI ke anurUpa kaTAkSa, bhujakSepa Adi ceSTAyeM karane lagatA hai| yahI ceSTAyeM anu pazcAd bhavanti isa vyutpatti ke anusAra anubhAva kahI jAtI haiN| nAyikAdi Alambana tathA candrAdi uddIpana vibhAvoM se rAmAdi ke hRdaya meM ubuddha ratyAdi bhAvoM ko bAhara prakAzita karatA huA nAyaka kA vyApAra, loka meM jise kAryarUpa kahA jAtA hai, kAvya meM use hI anubhAva kI alaukika saMjJA pradAna kI gayI hai-ubuddha kAraNaiH svaiH svairbahirbhAvaM prkaashyn| loke yaH kAryarUpaH so'nubhAvaH kaavynaattyyoH|| striyoM ke aGgaja aura svabhAvaja alaGkAra, tadrUpa sAttvikabhAva tathA ceSTAyeM anubhAva kahI jAtI haiN| (3/141) ___ anumAnam-garbhasandhi kA eka angg| kisI hetu se kucha Uha karanA anumAna kahA jAtA hai-linggaaduuho'numaantaa| yathA-lIlAgatairapi taraGgayato dharitrImAlokanairnamayato dviSatAM shiraaNsi| tasyAnumApayati kAJcanakAntigaurakAyasya suurytnytvmdhRssytaanyc|| jA.rA. ke isa padya meM rAma kA lIlAgataiH Adi hetuoM se bAlaka ke sUryavaMzI hone kA anumAna krnaa| (6/102) anumAnam-eka arthaalngkaar| hetu ke dvArA sAdhya ke camatkArapUrNa jJAna

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anurAgeGgitAni 10 anurAgeGgitAni ko anumAna kahate haiM-anumAnaM tu vicchittyA jJAnaM sAdhyasya saadhnaat| yathA-jAnImahe'syA hRdi sArasAkSyA virAjate'ntaH priyvktrcndrH| utkAntijAlaiH prasRtaistadaGgeSvApANDutA kuddmltaakssipdye|| isa padya meM camatkAra vaktracandraH tathA akSipadma ke rUpaka ke kAraNa niSpanna huA hai| utprekSA meM sAdhya kA yaha jJAna anizcita hotA hai jabaki anumAna meM nishcit| (10/82) ____ anurAgeGgitAni-nAyikA kI anuraagcessttaayeN| hRdaya meM madana-vikAra ke avatIrNa ho jAne para zarIra ke vibhinna aGgoM kI ceSTAyeM, jo unake hRdgata bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karatI haiM, anurAgeGgita kahI jAtI haiN| inhIM ceSTAoM ko dekhakara vidagdha puruSa unake manobhAvoM ko samajhate haiM tathA praNayavyApAra ko Age bar3hAte haiN| yathA-mugdhA nAyikAyeM aura kanyAyeM nAyaka ko dekhakara lajjA prakaTa karatI hai| ve nAyaka ko sAmane nahIM dekhatIM balki use ghUmate hue athavA jAte hue ko chupakara dekhatI haiN| bahuta bAra pUchane para mukha nIcA karake dhIre-2 gadgada svara se priya ke sAtha bAta karatI haiN| dUsaroM ke dvArA usakI carcA hone para ve mu~ha nIcA karake, dUsarI tarapha dekhate hue parantu sAvadhAna hokara sunatI haiN| sabhI prakAra kI nAyikA priya ke pAsa dera taka Thaharane kI icchA karatI haiN| vinA alaGkAra dhAraNa kiye usake sAmane nahIM jaatiiN| koI-koI to keza aura vastrAdi ko saMyamita karane ke vyAja se apane stana, bAhumUla aura nAbhi ko sApha-2 dikhA detI haiN| apanI vANI se priya ke sevakoM ko prasanna rakhatI haiN| usake mitroM para vizvAsa karatI haiM tathA unakA Adara karatI haiN| sakhiyoM meM priya ke guNoM kA kathana karatI haiM aura apanA dhana bhI detI haiN| usake sone para sotI haiM, usake duHkha meM duHkhI hotI haiM tathA sukha meM sukhI hotI haiN| priya ke dUra se dekhate hone para usake dRSTipatha meM rahatI haiN| apanI sakhiyoM ke sAmane kAmavikAroM kA kathana karatI haiN| kucha bhI dekhakara yoM hI ha~sa par3atI haiN| apane kAna khujAtI haiN| coTI ko kholatI aura bA~dhatI haiN| a~bhAI letI haiM, aMgar3AI letI haiN| bAlaka kA aliGgana karake use cUmatI haiN| apanI sakhI ke mastaka para tilaka lagAtI haiN| paira ke aMgUThe se jamIna para likhatI haiN| tirachI naz2ara se dekhatI

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anuvAdAyuktatA 11 antyAnuprAsaH haiN| apane adhara ko kATatI haiM tathA priya ke sAtha mu~ha nIcA karake bAta karatI haiN| jahA~ se nAyaka dikhAI detA hai usa sthAna ko nahIM chodd'tiiN| kisI kArya ke bahAne usake ghara AtI haiN| priya ke dvArA dI gayI kisI bhI vastu ko dhAraNa karake bAra -2 dekhatI haiN| usase milakara sadA prasanna hotI haiM tathA usake viyoga meM malina aura dubalI ho jAtI haiN| usake svabhAva ko bahuta acchA mAnatI haiN| usakI priya vastu se prema karatI haiN| kama mUlya kI vastuoM kI prArthanA karatI haiN| zayana meM vimukha hokara nahIM sotiiN| usake sAmane Ane para sAttvika vikAroM ko prApta karatI haiM tathA priya, satya aura snehapUrNa bhASaNa karatI haiN| inameM se navavivAhitA kI ceSTAyeM adhika lajjApUrNa hotI haiM, madhyA kI kama lajjApUrNa hotI haiM tathA parakIyA, pragalbhA aura vaizyA kI nirlajjatApUrNa hotI haiN| nAyikA kI inhIM ceSTAoM ko dekhakara nAyaka praNayavyApAra meM pravRtta hotA hai, kyoMki - Adau vAcyaH striyA rAgaH puMsaH pazcAttadiGgitaiH / yadyapi puruSaviSayaka anurAga bhI pahale pradarzita kiyA jAtA huA dekhA hI gayA hai tathApi ukta prakAra se kiyA gayA varNana adhika hRdayaGgama hotA hai| (3/132-34 ) anuvAdAyuktatA - eka kAvyadoSa / anuvAdya vizeSaNoM ke vidhi-virodhI hone para anuvAdAyuktatA nAmaka kAvyadoSa hotA hai / yathA caNDIzacUDAbharaNa cndrloktmoph| virahiprANaharaNa kadarthaya na mAM vRthA / / yaha virahI kI ukti hai jo candramA se pIDita na karane kI prArthanA kara rahA hai parantu candramA kA vizeSaNa hai - virahiprANaharaNa / yaha vizeSaNa vidhivirodhI hone ke kAraNa anuvAdya nahIM hai| yaha arthadoSa hai / ( 7/5) anuvRttiH - eka nATyAlaGkAra / vinayapUrvaka anugamana ko anuvRtti kahate haiM - prazrayAdanuvarttanamanuvRttiH / yathA - a.zA. meM rAjA kA zakuntalA se kuzalavacana " api tapo vardhate" pUchane para zakuntalA kA pratyuttara" idAnImatithivizeSalAbhena " / / (6/231) antyAnuprAsaH - anuprAsa kA eka bheda / prathama svara ke sAtha yathAvastha vyaJjana kI AvRtti hone para antyAnuprAsa kahA jAtA hai| yathAvastha vyaJjana se abhiprAya hai ki isameM anusvAra, visarga, svara Adi kI sthiti pUrvavata

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12 anyadanaucityam apavAritam rahe-vyaJjanaM cedyathAvasthaM sahAdyena svareNa tu| aavrtyte| yaha prAyaH pAda athavA pada ke anta meM prayukta hotA hai| ina donoM ke udAharaNa kramazaH isa prakAra haiM-1) keza: kAzastabakavikAsaH, kAyaH prkttitkrbhvilaasH| cakSurdagdhavarATakakalpaM, tyajati na cetaH kaammnlpm|| tathA 2) mandaM zvasantaH pulakaM vhntH| prathama udAharaNa ke prathama do caraNoM ke anta meM AsaH' tathA antima do caraNoM ke anta meM 'alpam' kI AvRtti huI hai| dvitIya udAharaNa padAntagata antyAnuprAsa kA hai| yahA~ 'hasantaH' aura 'vahantaH' ina do padoM ke anta meM 'antaH' pada kI AvRtti huI hai| anta meM prayukta hone ke kAraNa isakI saMjJA antyAnuprAsa hai| (10/7) __anyadanaucityam-eka kaavydoss| dezakAlAdi ke viruddha varNana bhI anaucitya ke antargata AtA hai| yathA, nAyikA kA pAdaprahArAdi, nAyaka kA kopa, mugdhA nAyikA kI dhRSTatA, praur3hA aura vaizyA kI atilajjA, pratinAyaka ke vaMza, vIryAdi kA utkarSa varNana, devatAoM ke aGgoM kA zira se Arambha karake varNana karanA, manuSyoM ke aGgoM kA pA~va se Arambha karake varNana karanA aadi| isa prakAra ke varNana hone para kAvya asatya sA pratIta hotA hai tathA sahRdaya usakI ora unmukha nahIM ho paataa| yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6) anyonyam-eka arthaalngkaar| do padArtha jaba paraspara eka hI kriyA ko sampAdita kareM to anyonya alaGkAra hotA hai- anyonyamubhayorekakriyAyAH karaNaM mithH| yathA-tvayA sA zobhate tanvI, tayA tvamapi shobhse| rajanyA zobhate candrazcandreNApi nishiithinii|| yahA~ nAyaka aura nAyikA ke dvArA tathA candramA aura rAtri ke dvArA paraspara zobhA utpanna kI jA rahI hai| (10/95) ____apavAdaH-vimarza sandhi kA eka angg| doSa kA kathana apavAda kahA jAtA hai-doSaprakhyA'pavAdaH syaat| yathA, ve.saM. meM yudhiSThira aura pAJcAlaka ke madhya vArtAlApa meM duryodhana kA doSakathana kiyA gayA hai| (6/110) __apavAritam-nATyokti kA eka prkaar| jo bAta kisI eka pAtra se chupAkara tathA ghUmakara kisI dUsare pAtra se kahI jAye, use apavArita kahate haiN-....tdbhvedpvaaritm| rahasyaM tu yadanyasya parAvRtya prkaashyte| (6/161)

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13 apahnutiH apasmAraH - eka vyabhicArI bhAva / citta kI vikSepAvasthA kA nAma apasmAra hai jo bhUtAdi ke praveza se utpanna hotI hai| isameM pRthvI para giranA, kampana, pasInA A jAnA, mukha se jhAga athavA lAra Adi AnA hotA hai - manaH kSepastvapasmAro grahAdyAvezanAdijaH / bhUpAtakampaprasvedaphenalAlAdikArakaH / / yathA - AzliSTabhUmiM rsitaarmuccairloldbhujaakaarbRhttrnggm| phenAyamAnaM patimApagAnAmasAvapasmAriNamAzazaGke / isa padya meM samudra ko apasmArI puruSa ke samAna varNita kiyA gayA hai| (3/159) apasmAraH apahasitam - hAsya kA eka bheda / jahA~ ha~sate -2 A~kha meM pAnI bhI A jAye use apahasitaM kahate haiM- apahasitaM sAmrAkSam | yaha nIca prakRti ke logoM kA hAsya haiN| (3/221) apahnutiH - eka arthAlaGkAra / upameya kA pratiSedha karake upamAna kI sthApanA apahnuti alaGkAra hai - prakRtaM pratiSidhyAnyasthApanaM syAdapahnutiH / kabhI niSedhapUrvaka sthApanA hotI hai to kabhI upamAna ko Aropita karake phira niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra isake do bheda niSpanna hote haiN| ina donoM prakAroM ke udAharaNa kramaza: isa prakAra haiM- nedaM nabhomaNDalamamburAzinaitAzca tArA nvphenbhnggaaH| nAyaM zazI kuNDalitaH phaNIndro nAsau kalaGkaH zayito murAriH / / tathA, etadvibhAti caramAcalacUlacumbi hiNDIrapiNDaruci zItamarIcibimbam / ujjvAlitasya rajanIM madanAnalasya dhUmaM dadhetprakaTalAJchanakaitavena / / apahnuti kA AcArya vizvanAtha ne eka aura bhI lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| kisI gopanIya bAta ko pahale prakaTa kara phira use zleSa athavA kisI anya upAya se anyathA kara diyA jAye, vahA~ bhI apahnuti alaGkAra hotA hai - gopanIyaM kamapyarthaM dyotayitvA kthnycn| yadi zleSeNAnyathA vaa'nythyetsaapyphnutiH|| tadyathA-kAle vAridharANAmapatitayA naiva zakyate sthAtum / utkaNThitAsi tarale, nahi nahi sakhi, picchilaH panthA / / yahA~ 'apatitayA' pada meM zleSa kA upayoga karake abhilaSitArtha ko chupAyA gayA hai| kabhI-2 zleSa ke vinA bhI sAdRzya meM abhiprAya sUcita karake phira usakA apahnava kara diyA jAtA hai| yathA - iha puronilakampitavigrahA milati kA na vanaspatinA latA / smarasi kiM sakhi kAntaratotsavaM nahi ghanAgamarItirudAhRtA / /

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14 apuSTatvam aprastutaprazaMsA vakrokti meM dUsare ke kathana kA anyathA artha kiyA jAtA hai jabaki apahRti meM apanI hI ukti ke vAstavika abhiprAya kA apahnava hotA hai| (10/55-56) apuSTatvam-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ koI padArtha mukhya artha kA upakArI na ho vahA~ apuSTatva doSa hotA hai| yathA-vilokya vitate vyomni vidhuM muJca ruSaM priye| yahA~ vitata' pada kA artha mAnatyAga rUpa pradhAna artha kA upakArI nahIM hai| adhikapadatva meM padArtha ke anvaya ke sAtha hI bAdha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai jabaki apuSTatva meM anvaya ke bAda bAdha kI pratIti hotI hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) apratIta:-eka kaavydoss| jo kisI ekadezamAtra meM hI prasiddha ho use apratIta doSa kahate haiN| yathA-yogena dlitaashyH| yahA~ Azaya' zabda kA artha vAsanA (sukha-duHkha rUpa phala dene ke lie jo antaHkaraNa meM sthita rahe, phalapAka ke anantara naSTa ho jAye) kevala yogazAstra meM hI prasiddha hai parantu vaktA aura zrotA yadi donoM jJAtA hoM to yaha guNarUpa hI hotA hai| yadi apane Apa se parAmarza abhipreta ho to bhI apratIta guNa ho jAtA hai| (7/3) ___ aprayuktatA-eka kaavydoss| vyAkaraNakozAdi se siddha hone para bhI kavisampradAya meM aprasiddha zabdoM kA prayoga karanA aprayuktatva doSa hai-aprayuktatvaM yathA prasiddhAvapi kvibhirnaadRttvm| yathA, padma zabda 'vA puMsi padmaM nalinam' isa koza ke anusAra pulliGga meM prayukta ho sakatA hai tathApi yaha zabda napuMsakaliGga meM hI prasiddha hai| zleSAdi meM aprayuktatA doSa nahIM hai| (7/3) aprastutaprazaMsA-eka arthaalngkaar| aprastuta sAmAnya se prastuta vizeSa, aprastuta vizeSa se prastuta sAmAnya, aprastuta kArya se prastuta kAraNa, aprastuta kAraNa se prastuta kArya athavA aprastuta samAna vastu se prastuta samAna vastu kA vyaJjana hone para aprastutaprazaMsA alaGkAra hotA hai| kvacid vizeSaH sAmAnyAtsAmAnyaM vA vishesstH| kAryAnnimittaM kAryaM ca hetoratha smaatsmm|| aprastutAtprastutaM ced gamyate paJcadhA ttH| aprastutaprazaMsA syAt . . . . / /

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abhavanmatasambandhaH 15 abhidhA isake yahI pA~ca prakAra haiN| pAdAhataM yaduttthAya muurdhaanmdhirohti| svasthAdevApamAne'pi dehinastadvaraM rjH|| kRSNa ke prati kahI gayI balabhadra kI isa ukti meM, 'hamase dhUli bhI acchI hai,' yaha vizeSa prastuta hai, jisakA 'apamAne'pi svasthAd dehinaH,' isa sAmAnya se vyaJjana kiyA gayA hai| ra.va. ke prasiddha padya-sagiyaM yadi jIvitApahA hRdaye kiM nihitA na hanti maam| viSamapyamRtaM kvacidbhavedamRtaM vA vissmiishvrecchyaa|| yahA~ sAmAnya vyaGgya hai jo viSa aura amRtarUpa vizeSa se abhihita hai| samAsokti ke samAna yahA~ vyavahAra kA Aropa Avazyaka hai jo ki zabdazaktimUlavastudhvani meM nahIM hotaa| ataH yaha usase bhinna hai| upamAdhvani tathA samAsokti meM aprastuta vyaGgya rahatA hai, yahA~ vAcya bhii| zleSa meM donoM hI vAcya rahate hai, yahA~ eka vyaGgya rahatA hai| ataH yaha ina sabase bhinna hai| (10/77) abhavanmatasambandhaH-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ vAkya meM prayukta padoM kA paraspara sambandha hI na bana sake, vahA~ abhavanmatasambandha nAmaka kAvyadoSa hotA hai| yathA-IkSase yatkaTAkSeNa tadA dhanvI mnobhvH| isa paMkti meM 'yat' zabda ke sAtha kAlavAcaka 'tadA' zabda kA anvaya hI nahIM bntaa| usake sthAna para 'cet' zabda honA caahie| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) abhidhA-zabda kI eka shkti| saGketita artha kA bodha karAne vAlI zabda kI prathama zakti abhidhA kahI jAtI hai-saGketitArthasya bodhnaadgrimaabhidhaa| yahA~ saGketita kA artha 'mukhya' hai, arthAt isake dvArA zabda ke mukhyArtha kA bodha hotA hai| bAlaka ko sarvaprathama isakA jJAna AvApodvApa ke dvArA hotA hai| uttama vRddha ke dvArA madhyama vRddha ko uddiSTa karake 'gAmAnaya' aisA kahane para bAlaka isa sampUrNa padasamUha kA artha 'sAsnAdimAn padArthavizeSa kA Anayana' aisA samajha letA hai| isake anantara 'gAM badhAna' tathA 'azvamAnaya' aisA sunakara vaha 'go' pada kA artha sAsnAdimAn padArthavizeSa, 'Anaya' pada kA artha 'Anayana kriyA' tathA isI prakAra 'azva' aura 'badhAna' padoM ke saGketita artha kA bhI avagama kara letA hai| eka zabda ke anekArthaka hone para usakA eka nizcita artha meM saGketagraha jina sAdhanoM se hotA hai, unakA

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abhidhAmUlA vyaJjanA 16 abhidhAmUlA vyaJjanA ullekha isa kArikA meM kiyA gayA hai - zaktigrahaM vyAkaraNopamAnakozAptavAkyAd vyvhaartshc| vAkyasya zeSAd vivRtervadanti sAnnidhyataH siddhapadasya vRddhAH / / ina sAdhanoM se jJAta saGketita artha kA bodha karAne vAlI, kisI dUsarI zakti se avyavahita zabda kI zakti abhidhA kahI jAtI hai| (2/7) abhidhAmUlA vyaJjanA - zAbdIvyaJjanA kA eka bheda / saMyogAdi arthaniyAmakoM ke dvArA anekArthaka zabda ke eka artha meM niyantrita ho jAne vaha para bhI jisa zakti ke dvArA anya vyaGgya artha kA jJAna hotA hai, abhidhAzrayA vyaJjanA kahI jAtI hai- anekArthasya zabdasya saMyogAdyairniyantrite / ekatrArthe'nyadhIheturvyaJjanA sabhidhAzrayA / saMyogAdi arthaniyAmakoM kA parigaNana ina kArikAoM meM kiyA gayA hai- saMyogo viprayogazca sAhacaryaM virodhitA / arthaH prakaraNaM liGgaM zabdasyAnyasya saMnidhiH / sAmarthya maucitI deza: kAlo vyaktiH svarAdayaH / zabdArthasyAnavacchede vizeSasmRtihetavaH / / isa kArikA meM paThita 'svara' veda meM hI viziSTa pratIti karAne vAlA hotA hai, ataH kAvya meM usakI upayogitA nahIM hai| AcArya bharata ne yadyapi zRGgArAdi ke viSaya meM svaraniyama kA ullekha kiyA hai parantu vahA~ ye kevala vyaGgyArtha kI vizeSatA hI batAte haiM, anekArthaka zabdoM ko eka artha meM niyantrita karanA inakA kArya nahIM hai| dUsarI ora zleSa ke prakaraNa meM 'kAvyamArge svaro na gaNyate' aisA vidhAna spaSTa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| kArikA meM 'Adi' pada se 'etAvanmAtrastanI' Adi sthaloM meM kamalakoraka AkAra vAlI hastAdi kI ceSTAoM kA parigaNana kiyA jAtA hai| isakA udAharaNa AcArya vizvanAtha ke tAtapAda dvArA racita yaha padya hai - durgAlaGghitavigraho manasijaM sammIlayaMstejasA, prodyadrAjakalo gRhItagarimA viSvagvRto bhogibhiH| nakSatrezakRtekSaNo girigurau gAr3hAM ruciM dhArayan, gAmAkramya vibhUtibhUSitatanU raajtyumaavllbhH|| isa padya meM umAdevI ke pati rAjA bhAnudeva kI prazasti ke sAtha - 2 mahAdeva kA stutiparaka artha bhI zleSa ke dvArA bhAsita hotA hai| prakaraNa ke anusAra padya meM prayukta dvyarthaka padoM ke umAdevI ke pati bhAnudeva ke prazastiparaka artha meM niyantrita ho jAne para umA ke pati mahAdeva rUpa artha vyaJjanA hI ke dvArA bodhita hotA hai / ata: yaha abhidhAmUlA vyaJjanA kA udAharaNa hai| (2/21 )

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17 abhinayaH abhilASA ____ abhinayaH-naTa ke dvArA anukArya rAmAdi kI avasthA kA anukrnn| naTa raGgamaJca para anukAryabhUta rAma, yudhiSThira Adi kI tattat avasthA ko svayaM para Aropita kara letA hai jisase prekSaka kI 'yahI rAma athavA yudhiSThira hai' isa prakAra kI buddhi utpanna ho jAtI hai| naTa ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA yaha anukaraNAtmaka vyApAra hI abhinaya kahA jAtA hai- bhvedbhinyo'vsthaanukaarH| AcArya bharata kA kathana hai ki yaha anukaraNa vAstava meM rAmAdi ke vyApAra kA na hokara lokavyavahAra kA hI anuvartana hai-trailokyasyAsya sarvasya nATyaM bhaavaanukiirtnm| yahA~ abhinavagupta ne isake anukaraNa rUpa hone kA vistAra se khaNDana kiyA hai tathA bharata ke anukIrtana zabda kA artha nyAyadarzana kI zabdAvalI meM anuvyavasAya' kiyA hai parantu svayaM bharata usa dArzanika vistAra meM nahIM gaye tathA anyatra unhoMne svayaM nATya ke sandarbha meM anukaraNa' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai-lokavRttAnukaraNaM nATyametanmayA kRtm| AcArya vizvanAtha ne bharata kI hI saraNi meM abhinaya ko avasthAvizeSa kA anukaraNa kahA hai| abhinaya nATya kA prANabhUta tattva hai, ataeva isakI eka saMjJA abhineyArtha bhI hai| yaha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai-AGgika, vAcika, AhArya aura saattvik| (6/3) abhiprAyaH-eka naattylkssnn| sAdRzya ke kAraNa asambhava vastu kI kalpanA ko abhiprAya kahate haiM-abhiprAyastu sAdRzyAdabhUtArthasya klpnaa| yathA-idaM kilAvyAjamanoharaM vapustapaHkSamaM sAdhayituM ya icchti| dhruvaM sa nIlotpalapatradhArayA zamIlatAM chettumRssirvyvsyti|| a.zA. ke isa padya meM komala zarIra ko tapasyA ke lie ayogya varNita kiyA gayA hai| (6/181) abhimAnaH--eka naattyaalngkaar| ahaGkAra ko abhimAna kahate haiM-abhimAnaH sa eva syaat| yathA, ve. saM. meM gAndhArI ke pANDavoM ko rAjya dene ke lie kahane para duryodhana kI ukti-mAtaH kimapyasadRzaM kRpaNaM vcste| (6/230) abhilASA-pUrvarAga meM kAma kI prathama dshaa| priya ke sAtha milana kI icchA ko abhilASA kahate haiM-- abhilASaH spRhaa| yathA-premAAH praNayaspRzaH paricayAdudgAr3harAgodayAstAstA mugdhadRzo nisargamadhurAzceSTA bhveyurmyi|

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___ 18 abhisArikA abhihitAnvayavAdaH yAsvanta:karaNasya bAhyakaraNavyApArarodhI kSaNAdAzaMsAparikalpitAsvapi bhavatyA nandasAndro lyH|| isa padya meM mAlatI ke sAkSAt darzana se utpanna rAga vAle mAdhava kI abhilASA kA varNana huA hai| (3/196) ___ abhisArikA-nAyikA kA eka bhed| kAma ke vazIbhUta hokara jo nAyikA saGketasthala para nAyaka ko bulAye athavA svayam abhisAra kare vaha abhisArikA kahI jAtI hai-abhisArayate kAntaM yA mnmthvshNvdaa| svayaM vAbhisaratyeSA dhiirairuktaabhisaarikaa|| abhisAra ke ina donoM prakAroM ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM-(1) na ca me'vagacchati yathA laghutAM karuNA yathA ca kurute sa myi| nipuNaM tathainamabhigamya vaderabhidUti kAciditi sndidishe|| tathA (2) utkSiptaM karakaGkaNaM dvayamidaM baddhA dRDhaM mekhalA, yatnena pratipAditA mukhryormnyjiiryormuuktaa| Arabdhe rabhasAnmayA priyasakhi krIDAbhisArotsave, cANDAlastimirAvaguNThanapaTakSepaM vidhatte vidhuH|| ___yadi kulIna strI abhisaraNa kare to vaha simaTatI huI, AbhUSaNoM kI dhvani zAnta karake, cUMghaTa nikAla kara jaayegii| vaizyA vicitra aura ujjvala veSa dhAraNa karake, nUpura aura kaGkaNoM kI dhvani karatI huI, Ananda se muskurAtI huI abhisaraNa karatI hai jabaki dAsI matta hokara aTapaTI bAteM karatI huI, har3abar3I se praphulla netroM vAlI, bahakI huI cAla se abhisaraNa karatI hai| kheta, vATikA, TUTA huA mandira, dUtI kA ghara, jaGgala, udyAna, zmazAna, nadI Adi kA taTa athavA koI bhI andhakArAvRta sthAna saGketasthala ho sakatA hai| abhihitAnvayavAdaH-vAkya ke tAtparyArtha kA nirUpaka siddhaant| abhihitAnvayavAda se abhiprAya hai, vaha siddhAnta jisameM abhihita padoM kA kisI svatantra zakti ke dvArA paraspara anvaya sthApita kiyA jaaye| AcArya vizvanAtha ne pada kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue usakA eka vizeSaNa 'ananvita' diyA hai| ataH padoM ke pRthak-2 upasthita arthoM ke paraspara anvaya ke lie tAtparya nAmaka vRtti ko mAnanA anivArya ho jAtA hai| abhidhA zakti ke dvArA eka-eka padArtha kA bodha karAkara virata ho jAne para padArthoM meM paraspara anvaya ko sthApita kara vAkyArtha kA bodha karAne vAlI vRtti tAtparyA hai| yaha mImAMsakoM kA abhihitAnvayavAda hai| (2/27)

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abhUtAharaNam 19 arthavizeSaNam abhUtAharaNam - garbhasandhi kA eka aGga / kapaTayukta vacana ko abhUtAharaNa kahate haiM - vyAjAzrayaM vAkyamabhUtAharaNam / yathA ve.saM. meM yudhiSThira ne 'azvatthAmA hataH' itanA vAkya to spaSTa kahA parantu 'gajaH' itanA dhIre se| isase droNAcArya ne zastra aura netrajala donoM ko sAtha - 2 hI chodd'aa| yahA~ yudhiSThira kA vacana 'abhUtAharaNa' nAmaka sandhyaGga hai| (6/96) amataparArthatvam - eka kAvyadoSa / jahA~ koI aniSTa arthAntara pratIta hotA ho, vahA~ amataparArthatva nAmaka doSa hotA hai / yathA - rAmamanmathazareNa tADitA duHsahena hRdayena nizAcarI / gandhavadrudhiracandanokSitA jIvitezavasatiM jagAma sA / / rAmarUpI kAmadeva ke bANa se tADita vaha rAkSasI ( tADakA ) du:saha hRdaya ke sAtha gandhayukta raktarUpI candana se upalipta hokara jIviteza (yamarAja) ke nivAsa para calI gayI / yahA~ prakRta sandarbha bIbhatsa rasa kA hai, usameM aniSTa zRGgAra kI pratIti ho rahI hai| ataH yahA~ amataparArthatva doSa hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai / (7/4) amarSaH - eka vyabhicArIbhAva / nindA, AkSepa, apamAnAdi se utpanna citta kA abhiniveza amarSa (krodha) kahA jAtA hai / A~kheM lAla ho jAnA, zira meM kampa utpanna honA, bhrukuTi kA tana jAnA tathA tarjanA Adi isake anubhAva haiM - nindAkSepApamAnAderamarSo'bhiniviSTatA / netrarAgaziraHkampabhrUbhaGgotarjanAdikRt // yathA- prAyazcittaM cariSyAmi pUjyAnAM vo vyatikramAt / na tvevaM dUSayiSyAmi zastragrahamahAvratam / / isa padya meM parazurAma ke amarSabhAva kA varNana huA hai| (3/163) aruci:-pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI paJcama dazA / saba vastuoM se vairAgya ho jAnA, jaba kucha bhI khAdya athavA dRzya acchA na lage to aruci nAmaka kAmadazA hotI hai - arucirvastuvairAgyam / (3/212) arthaprakRti :- nATyavastu ke upAdAna / nATya ke phala ke sAdhana ko arthaprakRti kahate haiM - arthaprakRtayaH prayojanasiddhihetavaH / isake pA~ca bheda haiM - bIja, bindu, patAkA, prakarI aura kaary| ye pA~ca vastuta: kathAvastu ke upAdAna kAraNa haiN| (6/46) arthavizeSaNam - eka naattyaalngkaar| kisI ke dvArA kahI gayI eka bAta kA aneka prakAra se upAlambha ke rUpa meM kathana karanA arthavizeSaNa kahA jAtA hai - uktasyArthasya yattu syAdutkIrttanamanekadhA / upAlambhasvarUpeNa

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arthAntaranyAsaH 20 arthApattiH ttsyaadrthvishessnnm|| yathA, a.zA. meM rAjA ke prati zArGgarava kA kathana -AH kathamidaM nAma / kimidamupanyastamiti / nanu bhavAneva nitarAM lokavRttAntaniSNAtaH / satImapi jJAtikulaikasaMzrayAM, jano'nyathA bhartRmatIM vizaGkate / ataH samIpe pariNeturiSyate, priyA'priyA vA pramadA svabandhubhi: / / (6/227) arthAntaranyAsaH- eka arthAlaGkAra / sAmAnya kA vizeSa se, vizeSa kA sAmAnya se kArya kA kAraNa se tathA kAraNa kA kArya se sAdharmya athavA vaidharmya ke dvArA yadi samarthana kiyA jAye to arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra hotA hai - sAmAnyaM vA vizeSeNa, vizeSastena vA yadi / kAryaM ca kAraNenedaM kAryeNa ca smrthyte| sAdharmyeNetareNArthAntaranyAso'STadhA tataH / isake yahI pUrvokta ATha prakAra haiN| yathA- bRhatsahAya: kAryAntaM kSodIyAnapi gacchati / sambhUyAmbhodhimabhyeti mahAnadyA nagApagA / / isa zloka meM pUrvArdha meM ukta sAmAnya kathana kA uttarArdha meM ukta vizeSa kathana se samarthana kiyA gayA hai / ( 10/80) arthApattiH - eka nATyalakSaNa / kisI eka artha ke kathana se jahA~ anya artha kI pratIti ho, use arthApatti kahate haiM- arthApattiryadanyortho'rthAntarokteH pratIyate / yathA - d. saM. meM karNa ke dvArA duryodhana ko yaha kahane para ki droNAcArya azvatthAmA ko rAjA banAnA cAhate haiM, duryodhana use sAdhuvAda dekara, dattvA'bhayaM so'tiratho vadhyamAnaM kirITinA / sindhurAjamupekSeta naivaM cetkathamanyathA / / , isa padya se droNa ke jayadratha ko na bacA pAne kI ghaTanA ko anyathA vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| (6/196) arthApattiH - eka arthAlaGkAra / daNDApUpikA nyAya se arthAntara kI prApti arthApatti alaGkAra hai- daNDApUpikayAnyArthAgamo'rthApattiriSyate / daNDApUpikA se abhiprAya hai ki mUSaka ne yadi daNDa khA liyA hai to usake sAtha lage hue pUe bhI avazya khA liye hoMge arthAt yadi kaThina kArya siddha ho gayA hai to sugama kArya bhI avazya siddha ho gayA hogA / isa prakAra kI pratIti arthApatti hai| isameM kahIM prAkaraNika ( prakRta) artha se aprAkaraNika ( aprakRta) artha kI pratIti hotI hai to kahIM aprAkaraNika ( aprakRta) artha se prAkaraNika ( prakRta) artha kii| inake udAharaNa kramaza: isa prakAra haiM- hAro'yaM hariNAkSINAM luThati stanamaNDale / muktAnAmapyavastheyaM ke vayaM

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21 arthAlaGkAraH ardhAntaraikapadatvam smrkingkraaH|| tathA, vilalApa sa vASpagadagadaM sahajAmapyapahAya dhiirtaam| atitaptamayo'pi mArdavaM bhajate kaiva kathA shriirinnaam|| ina padyoM meM muktoM ke isa avasthA ko prApta hone tathA atitapta hone para lohe ke pighala jAne se anyoM kA sugamatayA vazIbhUta ho jAnA tadhA mRdu ho jAnA arthApanna hai| zleSa se yukta hone para yaha alaGkAra adhika camatkAraka hotA hai| (10/108) __ arthAlaGkAraH-alaGkAra kA eka bhed| jahA~ zabda kA parirvatana kara dene para bhI alaGkAra naSTa na ho, vahA~ arthAlaGkAra hotA hai| sA.da. meM sattara se adhika arthAlaGkAroM kA vivecana hai| ____ arthopakSepaka:-rUpaka meM sUcya vastu ko sUcita karane kA prkaar| jo yuddhAdi kI kathA aGkoM meM pradarzita nahIM kI jA sakatI parantu use batalAnA Avazyaka hai, aisI do dina se lekara eka varSa paryanta ghaTita hone vAlI tathA isake atirikta bhI koI anya kathA, jo ativistRta ho, arthopakSepaka ke dvArA sUcita kI jA sakatI hai| isake atirikta jo kArya dina ke avasAna meM sampAdya ho tathA dina meM usakA prayoga upapanna na ho sake, use aGkaccheda karake arthopakSepaka ke dvArA sUcita karanA cAhie-aGkeSvadarzanIyA yA vaktavyaiva ca smmtaa| yA ca syAdvarSaparyantaM kathA dindvyaadijaa| anyA ca vistarA sUcyA saarthopkssepkairbudhaiH|| dinAvasAne kAryaM yddinenaivoppdyte| arthopakSepakairvAcyamaGkacchedaM vidhAya yt|| jo kathAvastu eka varSa se adhika hai, use eka varSa se kama kI banA denA caahie| isakA nirdeza svayaM bharatamuni ke dvArA diyA gayA hai| AcArya bharata kA kathana hai ki-aGkacchede kArya mAsakRtaM varSasaJcitaM vaapi| tatsarvaM karttavyaM varSAdUrdhvaM na tu kdaacit|| isa prakAra zrIrAmacandra ke caudaha varSa ke vanavAsa Adi kI ghaTanA ko bhI rUpaka meM varSa, mAsa, dina, prahara Adi meM hI pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai| arthopakSepaka pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai-viSkambhaka, pravezaka, cUlikA, aGkAvatAra, angkmukh| (6/33-36) ardhAntaraikapadatvam-eka kaavydoss| chanda meM do caraNoM kI eka ikAI hotI hai| yadi koI eka pada dUsare ardhabhAga meM calA jAye to ardhAntaraikapadatva

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alaGkAraH avapAtanam nAmaka doSa hotA hai| yathA- - indurvibhAti karpUragaurairdhavalayankaraiH / jaganmA kuru tanvaGgi mAnaM pAdAnate priye / / isa padya meM 'jagat' pada pUrvArdha meM par3hA jAnA caahie| yaha vAkyadoSa hai / (7/4) 22 alaGkAraH--kAvya kA utkarSAdhAyaka tattva / alaGkAra zabda aura artha ke mAdhyama se rasa kA utkarSa karate hue kAvya kA upakAra karate haiN| isakA lakSaNa hai- zabdArthayorasthirA ye dharmAH zobhAtizAyinaH / rasAdInupakurvanto'laGkArAste'GgadAdivat / / aGgadAdi jisa prakAra zarIra kI zobhA kA atizaya karate hue zarIrI kA upakAra karate haiM, usI prakAra anuprAsopamAdi zabdArtha ke mAdhyama se kAvyasarvasvabhUta rasabhAvAdi ko upakRta karate haiN| guNa aura rItiyoM ko bhI kAvya ke utkarSaka batAyA gayA hai parantu guNa rasa meM hI avasthita hote haiM tathA sthita hone para avazya sAkSAt rasa kA upakAra karate haiM parantu alaGkAra zabda aura artha ke dharma haiM, rasa ke nhiiN| ataeva ye paramparA se zabdArtha ke mAdhyama se rasa kA upakAra karate haiN| isake atirikta guNa kAvya ke nitya dharma haiM jabaki alaGkAroM kI sthiti kAvya meM anivArya nahIM hai / mammaTa ne kahA hai--analaGkRtI punaH kvApi arthAt kAvyagata zabda aura artha kabhI-2 analaGGkRta bhI hote haiN| rIti bhI kAvyazobhA kI utkarSaka hai tathA kAvya ke AtmabhUta rasAdi kI upakAraka hotI hai parantu vaha padoM kI saGghaTanA mAtra hai, ataH usakI sthiti kAvya ke aGgasaMsthAna kI taraha hai jabaki alaGkAra zabda aura artharUpa kAvyazarIra kI zobhA ke vardhaka aGgadAdi AbhUSaNoM ke samAna haiN| ye zabdAlaGkAra, arthAlaGkAra aura ubhayAlaGkAra ke bheda se tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| zabda aura artha ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kA AdhAra anvayavyatireka hai / jahA~ zabda kI parivRtti kara dene para bhI alaGkAratva akSuNNa rahe vahA~ arthAlaGkAra tathA jahA~ zabda meM parivartana karane se alaGkAratA naSTa ho jAye vahA~ zabdAlaGkAra hotA hai / ( 10/1) avapAtanam - ArabhaTI vRtti kA eka aGga / praveza, trAsa, niSkramaNa, harSa aura vidrava kI utpatti ko avapAtana kahate haiM- prveshtraasnisskraantihrssvidrvsmbhvH| avapAtanamityuktam . // yathA, kRtyarAvaNa ke SaSThAGka meM khaDgahasta puruSa kA prasaGga / (6/159)

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avalagitam 23 avAcakaH avlgitm-viithyngg| prastAvanA kA eka bhed| jahA~ eka prayoga meM samAveza karake kisI pAtra ke praveza rUpa anya kArya ko siddha kiyA jAye use avalagita kahate haiM-yatraikatra smaaveshaatkaarymnytprsaadhyte| prayoge khalu tajjJeyaM nAmnAvalagitaM budhaiH|| yathA, a.zA. meM sUtradhAra naTI kI prazaMsA karatA huA-tavAsmi gItarAgeNa hAriNA prasabhaM hRtH| eSa rAjeva duSyantaH saarnggennaatirNhsaa|| isa padya kA prayoga karatA hai tathA isI ke sAtha rAjA duSyanta kA raGgamaJca para praveza ho jAtA hai| (6/22) avsynditm-viithyngg| apanI sahaja ukti kA anyathA vyAkhyAna avasyandita kahA jAtA hai-vyAkhyAnaM svarasoktasyAnyathAvasyanditaM bhvet| isakA udAharaNa chalitarAma nAmaka nATaka kA vaha prasaGga hai jahA~ sItA lava se 'jAta! sa khalu yuvayoH pitaa|' apane isa svAbhAvika vAkya ko chupAtI huI 'mA anyathA shngkethaam| na khalu yuvayoreva sakalAyA api pRthivyA iti', isa prakAra arthAntara kara detI hai| (6/271) avahasitam-hAsya kA eka bhed| jahA~ netravikAsa, adhara-sphuraNa, dA~toM ke vilakSita hone aura madhura svara ke sAtha-2 kandhe aura zira meM kucha-kucha kampana bhI pratIta ho use avahasita kahate haiN-saaNsshir:kmpnmvhsitm| yaha madhyama prakRti ke logoM kA hAsya hai| (3/221) ___ avahittthA-eka vybhicaariibhaav| bhaya, gaurava, lajjA Adi ke kAraNa harSAdi ke AkAra ko chupAnA avahitthA kahalAtA hai| isameM kisI anya kAma meM laga jAnA, kucha anya bAta karane laganA, idhara-udhara dekhanA Adi hotA hai-bhygaurvljjaadehrssaadyaakaarguptirvhittthaa| vyApArAntarasaktyanyathA- bhaassnnviloknaadikrii| yathA-evaM vAdini devarSoM pArve piturdhomukhii| lIlAkamalapatrANi gaNayAmAsa paarvtii|| ku.sa. ke isa padya meM vivAha kI carcA ke samaya samIpasthita pArvatI kI avahittthA kA varNana hai| (3/165) avahittthA-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) avAcaka:-eka kaavydoss| jo zabda usa artha kA vAcaka nahIM hai usameM usakA prayoga hone para avAcaka doSa hotA hai| yathA 'gIteSu krnnmaadtte|' yahA~ 'kAna denA' isa prakAra dene ke artha meM ApUrvaka / dA kA prayoga hai jabaki 'A' upasarga lagane para isakA artha 'lenA' hotA hai, ata: yaha zabda isa

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24 avizeSevizeSatvam azlIlatvam artha meM avAcaka hai| isI prakAra 'dinaM me tvayi samprApte dhvAntacchannApi yAminI' isa udAharaNa meM dina zabda 'prakAzamaya' artha ko prakaTa kara rahA hai parantu yaha isa artha kA vAcaka nahIM hai| dina zabda kA artha hotA hai-sUrya se yukta kaal| kisI bhI prakAra ke prakAza kI avasthA meM 'dina' zabda kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| 'varNyate kiM mahAseno vijeyo yasya tArakaH', yahA~ 'vijeya' meM yat pratyaya kta ke artha meM hai| ataH yaha padAMzagata avAcaka kA udAharaNa hai| (7/3) __ avizeSevizeSatvam-eka kaavydoss| avizeSa bahuvyApaka hotA hai, vizeSa alpvyaapk| ata: bahuvyApaka viSaya meM alpavyApaka zabda kA prayoga karanA doSa hI hai| yathA-hIrakANAM nidherasya sindhoH kiM vrnnyaamhe| vastutaH samadra ko ratnanidhi kahanA caahie| hIrakoM meM alpavyApakatva hai, ata: yaha avizeSa ke sthAna para vizeSa kA prayoga huaa| (7/5) / __ azruH-eka sAttvika anubhaav| krodha, duHkha tathA atyanta harSa se netroM meM jala kA A jAnA azru kahA jAtA hai-azru netrodbhavaM vAri krodhduHkhprhrssjm| (3/146) ____ azlIlatvam-eka kaavydoss| vrIDA, ghRNA athavA amaGgala rUpa asabhya artha kA vyaJjaka azlIla kahA jAtA hai-azlIlatvaM vriiddaajugupsaamngglvynyjktvaat| yathA-dRptArivijaye rAjan sAdhanaM sumahattava, meM 'sAdhana' pada liGga artha kA bhI vAcaka hone se vrIDAdAyaka hai| prasasAra zanairvAyurvinAze tanvi te tadA, meM 'vAyu' pada apAnavAyu kA bhI vAcaka hone se jugupsAdAyaka tathA vinAza' zabda amaGgalasUcaka hai| pANiH pallavapelavaH, isa paMkti meM 'pelava' zabda ke prathama do akSaroM se lajjAjanaka azlIlatA kI pratIti hotI hai, ataH yaha padAMzagata doSa bhI hai| do padoM kI sandhi ke kAraNa yadi kisI azlIla artha kI kalpanA hotI ho to vaha vAkyagata azlIla doSa hotA hai| ythaa-clnnddaamrcessttitH| yahA~ calan aura DAmara padoM meM sandhi ke kAraNa ghRNAvAcaka azlIlatva kI pratIti hotI hai| azlIla doSa arthaviSayaka bhI hotA hai| yathA-hantameva pravattasya stabdhasya vivraissinnH| yathAzu jAyate pAto na tathA punrunntiH|| yahA~ ziznarUpa vrIDAvyaJjaka azlIla artha kI pratIti hotI hai| kAmagoSThI Adi meM azlIlatva doSa nahIM hotaa| (7/3-6)

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25 asUyA asaGgatiH asaGgatiH-eka arthaalngkaar| kArya aura kAraNa ke alaga-2 sthAna para hone se asaGgati alaGkAra hotA hai- kaarykaarnnyorbhinndeshtaayaamsnggtiH| yathA-sA bAlA vayamapragalbhamanasaH sA strI vayaM kAtarAH, sA pInonnatimatpayodharayugaM dhatte sakhedA vym| sAkrAntA jaghanasthalena guruNA gantuM na zaktA vayaM, doSairanyajanAzrayairapaTavo jAtAH sma itydbhutm|| isa padya meM kAraNa nAyikA meM vidyamAna haiM tathA unakA phala nAyaka meM dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| yaha virodhAlaGkAra kA apavAda hai| virodhAlaGkAra meM eka deza meM sthita vastuoM kA virodha hotA hai jabaki asaGgati meM ve bhinna deza meM sthita hotI haiN| (10/90) astprlaapH-viithyngg| asambaddha vAkya athavA uttara ko asatpralApa kahate haiN| na samajhate hue mUrkha ke samakSa kahe gaye hitakAraka kathana bhI asatpralApa haiM-asatpralApo yadvAkyamasambaddhaM tthottrm| agRhNato'pi mUrkhasya puro yacca hitaM vcH|| isakA udAharaNa AcArya vizvanAthakRta padya 'alikulamaJjulakezI parimalabahulA rasAvahA tnvii| kisalayapezalapANiH kokilakalabhASiNI priyatamA me / / yahA~ pradyumna AmravallI ko dekhakara priyatamA kI kalpanA karate hue kAmonmatta hokara asambaddha pralApa kara rahA hai| mUrkha ko kahe gaye hitakArI vacana kA udAharaNa ve.saM. nATaka meM duryodhana ke prati kahe gaye gAndhArI ke vAkya haiN| (6/273) ___asamarthaH-eka kaavydoss| jo zabda kisI artha kA vAcaka nahIM ho sakatA vaha usa artha ke prati asamartha hotA hai| yathA-kuzaM hanti kRshodrii| isa paMkti meM 'hanti' pada kA prayoga 'gacchati' artha meM huA hai| yadyapi / han gati artha meM paThita hai tathApi isa artha meM han dhAtu kA prayoga sarvathA nahIM hotaa| yaha padadoSa hai| (7/3) asUyA-eka vybhicaariibhaav| uddhatatA ke kAraNa dUsaroM ke guNoM va samRddhi ko sahana na karanA asUyA kahI jAtI hai| dUsare ke doSoM kA kathana karanA, bhrUbhaGga, tiraskAra, krodhAdi isake anubhAva haiN-asuuyaanygunnrjhnaamauddhtyaadshissnnutaa| doSodghoSabhrUvibhedAvajJA krodhenggitaadikRt|| yathA-atha tatra pANDutanayena sadasi vihitaM mdhudvissH| mAnamasahata na cediyatiH parivRddhimatsari

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asauSThavam 26 AkAzabhASitam mano hi maaninaam|| yahA~ zrIkRSNa ke sammAna ko sahana na karate hue zizupAla kA varNana hai / (3/175) asauSThavam-pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI prathama dazA / priya ke anya deza meM cale jAne para nAyikA zRGgArAdi meM pravRtta nahIM hotI, ata: usake aGgoM meM malinatA rahatI hai / yaha asauSThavanAmaka kAma kI dazA hai - asauSThavaM malApatti: / (3/212) asthAnayuktatA - eka kaavydoss| jo zabda jahA~ nahIM prayukta hone cAhie~ vahA~ unakA prayoga asthAnayuktatA hai / yathA - AjJAzakrazikhAmaNipraNayinI zAstrANi cakSurnavaM bhaktirbhUtapatau pinAkini padaM laGketi divyA purI / utpattidruhiNAnvaye ca tadaho nedRgvaro labhyate, syAccedeSa na rAvaNaH kva nu punaH sarvatra sarve guNAH / / bA. rA. meM janaka ke prati zatAnanda kI isa ukti meM 'syAccedeSa na rAvaNaH' para hI vAkya samApta ho jAtA hai| isake bAda kA aMza asthAna meM prayukta hai kyoMki isase rAvaNa kI upekSaNIyatA kama ho jAtI hai| yaha arthadoSa hai / ( 7/5) asthAnasthapadatA - eka kAvyadoSa / anucita sthAna meM kisI pada ko rakhane se asthAnasthapadatva doSa hotA hai| yathA - tIrthe tadIye gajasetubandhAt pratIpagAmuttarato'sya gaGgAm / ayatnabAlavyajanIbabhUvurhaMsA nabholaGghanalolapakSAH / / yahA~ ' tadIye' meM 'tat' pada se gaGgA kA parAmarza hotA hai, ataH use isase pUrva A jAnA caahie| yathA ca hitAnna yaH saMzRNute sa kiMprabhuH / yahA~ 'saMzRNute' ke sAtha naJ kA sambandha hai, ataH naJ usI ke pUrva rahanA cAhie / yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) asthAnasthasamAsatA- eka kAvyadoSa / anucita sthAna meM samAsa karane ko asthAnasthasamAsatA kahate haiM / yathA - adyApi stanazailadurgaviSame sImantinInAM hRdi, sthAtuM vAJchati mAna eSa ghigiti krodhaadivaalohitH| prodyaddUrataraprasAritakaraH karSatyasau tatkSaNAt phullatkairavakoSanissaradali zreNIkRpANaM zazI / / yahA~ pUrvArdha meM krodhapUrNa candramA kI ukti hai parantu vahA~ samAsa nahIM kiyA gayA jabaki uttarArdha meM kavi kI ukti meM kaThoratAdyotaka dIrgha samAsa hai / yaha vAkyadoSa hai / (7/4 ) AkAzabhASitam-nATya meM kisI pAtra ke dvArA dUsare pAtra ke vinA

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AkrandaH AkhyAyikA hI, vinA kahI gayI bAta ko bhI sunate se hue jo 'kyA kahate ho', isa prakAra kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai use AkAzabhASita kahate haiM-kiM bravISIti yannATye vinA pAtraM pryujyte| zrutvevAnuktamapyarthaM ttsyaadaakaashbhaassitm|| (6/161) AkrandaH-eka naattyaalngkaar| zoka se vilApa karanA Akranda kahA jAtA hai-AkrandaH pralapitaM shucaa| yathA, ve. saM. meM kaJcukI kA, hA devi kunti! rAjabhavanapatAke! Adi sNvaad| (6/209) / AkSepaH-eka arthaalngkaar| vivakSita vastu ke vaiziSTya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie usakA niSedha sA karanA AkSepAlaGkAra kahA jAtA hai-vastuno vaktumiSTasya vishessprtipttye| niSedhAbhAsa AkSepaH . . . . . / yaha do prakAra kA ho sakatA hai-(1) vakSyamANa vastu kA niSedha karane para tathA (2) ukta vastu kA niSedha karane pr| vakSyamANaviSaya meM kabhI sAmAnya rUpa se sUcita sArI vastu kA niSedha kara diyA jAtA hai, kabhI usakA eka aMza kahakara dUsare aMza kA niSedha hotA hai| ukta viSaya meM bhI kahIM vastu ke svarUpa kA niSedha hotA haiM kahIM usake kathana kaa| isa prakAra AkSepa ke cAra bheda niSpanna hote haiN| __ AkSepAlaGkAra kA eka dUsarA rUpa bhI hai jahA~ aniSTa kA vidhAna AbhAsita hotA hai-aniSTasya tathArthasya vidhyAbhAsaH paro mtH| yathA-gaccha gacchasi cetkAnta panthAnaH santu te shivaaH| mamApi janma tatraiva bhUyAdyatra gato bhvaan|| yahA~ gamana kI vidhi antataH gamana ke niSedha meM avasita hotI hai| ataH yaha vidhyAbhAsa hai| (10/85-86) ___AkhyAnam-eka naattyaalngkaar| pUrva itihAsa kA kathana AkhyAna kahA jAtA hai-AkhyAnaM puurvvRttoktiH| yathA, ve.saM. meM azvatthAmA kI ukti-dezaH so'yamarAtizoNitajalairyasmin hRdAH puuritaaH|| (6/237) AkhyAyikA-gadyakAvya kA eka bhed| sAmAnya rUpa se AkhyAyikA kathA ke hI samAna hotI hai parantu isameM kavi ke pAsa avasara hotA hai ki vaha apane vaMza kA tathA kahI-2 anya kaviyoM kA vRttAnta bhI varNita karatA hai| madhya-2 meM kahIM-2 padyoM kA bhI niveza hotA hai jo AryA, vaktra athavA

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AGgika : AnandaH aparavaktra chandoM meM nibaddha hote haiN| kathAMzoM kA vibhAjana AzvAsa nAma se kiyA jAtA hai| unake prArambha meM uparyukta chandoM athavA anyokti se bhAvI kathAvastu kI sUcanA dI jAtI hai - AkhyAyikA kathAvatsA kvervNshaadikiirttnm| asyAmanyakavInAJca tathA vRttaM kvacit kvacit / kathAMzAnAM vyavaccheda AzvAsa iti badhyate / AryAvaktrApavaktrANAM chandasA yenakenacit / anyApadezenAzvAsamukhe bhAvyarthasUcanam / / isakA udAharaNa harSacarita Adi haiN| 28 bhAmahAdi AcAryoM kA mata hai ki AkhyAyikA meM nAyaka svayam apanI kathA kahatA hai - vRttamAkhyAyate tasyAM nAyakena svaceSTitam / parantu isakA khaNDana AcArya daNDI ke dvArA pahale hI kara diyA gayA hai- api tvaniyamo dRssttsttraapynyairudiirnnaat| ( 6/312) AGgika :- abhinaya kA eka prakAra / zira, hAtha, vakSa, pArzva, kaTi tathA paira ina chaha aGgoM tathA netra, bhrU, nAsA, adhara, kapola tathA cibuka ina chaha upAGgoM ke dvArA anukArya rAmAdi kI ceSTAoM kA anukaraNa AGgika abhinaya hai| (6/3) AdAnam-vimarzasandhi kA eka bheda / samasta kAryoM ko sagRhIta kara denA AdAna kahA jAtA hai - kAryasaGgraha AdAnam / yathA ve.saM. meM - nAhaM rakSo na bhUto ripurudhirajalAkleditAGgaH prakAmaM, nistIrNorupratijJAjalanidhigahana: krodhanaH kSatriyo'smi / bho bho rAjanyavIrAH samarazikhizikhAbhuktazeSAH kRtaM vastrAsenAnena lInairhatakarituragAntarhitairAsyate yat / / isa padya meM samasta zatruoM kA vadha saGgRhIta kiyA gayA hai| (6/121) AdhikArikam - kathAvastu kA eka prakAra / kAvya ke pradhAnaphala kA svAmitva adhikAra kahA jAtA hai aura usa phala kA svAmI adhikArI hotA hai| adhikArI kI kathA ko hI AdhikArika vastu kahA jAtA hai - adhikAraH phale svAmyamadhikArI ca tatprabhuH / tasyetivRttaM kavibhirAdhikArikamucyate / / yathA, rAmAyaNa meM rAma adhikArI hai, ataH usakI kathA AdhikArika kahI jaayegii| (6/24) AnandaH - nirvahaNasandhi kA eka aGga / abhISTa kI prApti ko Ananda

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29 Amukham ArthI kahate haiM-Anando vaanychitaagmH| yathA ve.saM. meM draupadI kA yaha kathanavismRtametaM vyApAraM nAthasya prasAdena punarapi shikssissye| (6/131) Amukham-rUpaka kI prstaavnaa| jahA~ naTI, vidUSaka athavA pAripAzvika sthApaka ke sAtha apane kArya ke viSaya meM vicitra vAkyoM se isa prakAra saMlApa kareM jisase prastUyamAna vastu kI sUcanA prApta ho jAye, use Amukha kahate haiN| isI kI saMjJA prastAvanA bhI hai-naTI vidUSako vApi pAripAzvika eva vaa| sUtradhAreNa sahitAH saMlApaM yatra kurvte| citrairvAkyaiH svakAryotthaiH prstutaakssepibhirmithH| AmukhaM tattu vijJeyaM nAmnA prastAvanApi saa|| lakSaNavAkya meM prokta sUtradhAra pada se sthApaka kA grahaNa hotA hai| use sUtradhAra ke sadRza hone ke kAraNa isa saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isake pA~ca bheda hote haiM-udghAtaka, kathodghAta, prayogAtizaya, pravartaka tathA avlgit| (6/16) ____ ArabhaTI-nATyavRtti kA eka prkaar| ArabhaTI zarIravyApArarUpA vRtti hai| AcArya bharata ne isakI utpatti atharvaveda se mAnI hai| kucha AcArya isakA sambandha ziva ke tANDava nRtya ke sAtha bhI jor3ate hai| isakA sambandha mAyA, indrajAla, saGgrAma, krodha, udbhrAnta Adi kI ceSTAoM, vadha, bandhana Adi uddhata kAryoM se hai-maayendrjaalsnggraamkrodhodbhraantaadicessttitaiH| saMyuktA vadhabandhAdyairuddhatArabhaTI mtaa|| isake cAra aGga haiM- vastUttthApana. sampheTa, saMkSipti aura avpaatn| (6/155-56) ____ Arambha:-kArya kI prathama avsthaa| kathAnaka ke mukhya phala kI siddhi ke prati nAyakanAyikAdi kI utsukatA kArya kI Arambha nAmaka avasthA hai-bhavedArambha autsukyaM ynmukhyphlsiddhye| yathA, ra.nA. meM ratnAvalI ko antaHpura meM rakhane ke lie yaugandharAyaNa kI utknntthaa| (6/55) ArthI-upamA kA eka bhed| jahA~ artha ke bala se sAmya kA AkSepa karanA par3atA hai| tulya, samAna Adi pada athavA tulyArthaka vati pratyaya arthabodha ke anantara hI upamAnopameya meM sAdRzyasambandha ko bodhita karate haiMArthI tulyasamAnAdyAstulyArthI yatra vA vtiH| ata: ina zabdoM ke hone para ArthI upamA hotI hai| yaha taddhita, samAsa athavA vAkya meM sthiti ke AdhAra para tIna prakAra

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30 ArthIvyaJjanA ArthIvyaJjanA kI hotI hai| yathA-madhuraHsudhAvadadharaH pallavatulyo'tipelavaH paanniH| cakitamRgalocanAbhyAM sadRzI capale ca locane tsyaaH|| sudhAvat meM tena tulyaM kriyA cedvatiH' se tulyArthaka taddhita vati pratyaya hai| pallavatulyaH' meM SaSThI' sUtra se samAsa hai tathA zloka ke uttarArdha meM vAkyagata ArthI pUrNopamA hai| (10/20) ___ArthIvyaJjanA-vyaJjanA kA eka bhed| zabda se itara arthAt vaktA, boddhA, vAkya, anya kA saMnidhAna, artha, prakaraNa, deza, kAla, kAku tathA ceSTA Adi ke kAraNa jo zakti artha kA bodha karAtI hai, vaha arthasambhavA vyaJjanA hai-vktRboddhvyvaakyaanaamnysnnidhivaacyyoH| prastAvadezakAlAnAM kAkozceSTAdikasya c| vaiziSTyAdanyamarthaM yA bodhyetsaarthsmbhvaa| yathA-kAlo madhuH kupita eSa ca puSpadhanvA, dhIrA vahanti ratikhedaharAH smiiraaH| kelIvanIyamapi vaJjulakuJjamaJjurdUre patiH kathaya kiM krnniiymdy|| isa padya se pracchanna kAmuka ke sAtha ramaNarUpa vyaGgyArtha kI pratIti hotI hai| yaha vyaJjanA vaktA, vAkya, prakaraNa, deza tathA kAla ke vaiziSTya se hotI hai| nizzeSacyutacandanAdi prasiddha padya se tuma usI ke sAtha ramaNa karane gayIM thIM, isa vyaGgyArtha kA bodha boddhavya dUtI ke vaiziSTya se hotA hai| pazya nizcalaniSpandA bisinIpatre rAjate blaakaa| nirmalamarakatabhAjanapratiSThitA shngkhshuktiriv|| isa padya meM nizcala aura nispanda balAkA kI sannidhi se kramazaH usakI vizvastatA, sthAna kI nirjanatA, ataeva usakI saGketasthAnayogyatA vyakta hotI hai| kAku ke dvArA vyaJjanA kA udAharaNa-guruparatantratayA bata dUrataraM dezamudyato gntum| alikulakokilalalite naiSyati sakhi! surbhismye'sau|| hai| isameM 'naiSyati' pada ko bhinna kaNThadhvani se par3hane para 'eSyatyeva' aisA vyaGgyArtha pratIta hone lagatA hai| saGketakAlamanasaM viTaM jJAtvA vidgdhyaa| hasannetrArpitAkUtaM lIlApamaM nimiilitm|| isa padya meM nAyikA padmanimIlana kI ceSTA se sandhyA kI saGketakAlatA dyotita karatI hai| ___artha kyoMki vAcya, lakSya aura vyaGgyarUpa se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai, ataH sabhI prakAra kI ArthI vyaJjanAyeM bhI tIna-2 prakAra kI hotI haiN|

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31 AlambanavibhAvaH AvegaH inameM se vAcyArtha kI vyaJjanA kA udAharaNa nizzeSacyutacandanam Adi padya tathA vyaGgyArtha kI vyaJjanA kA udAharaNa pazya nizcala Adi padya hai| (2/23) ___ AlambanavibhAva:-vibhAva kA eka bhed| jinakA Azraya lekara rasa kI niSpatti hotI ho, unheM Alambana vibhAva kahate haiN| nAyakAdi hI rasa ke Alambana hote haiN| Adi zabda se nAyikA aura pratinAyaka kA grahaNa hotA hai| (3/34) Alasyam-eka vybhicaariibhaav| zrama athavA garbha Adi se utpanna jaDatA kA nAma Alasya hai| isameM a~bhAI tathA eka sthAna para baiThe rahanA Adi hotA hai-AlasyaM zramagarbhAdyairjADyaM jRmbhaasitaadikRt| yathA- na tathA bhUSayatyaGga na tathA bhASate skhiim| jRmbhate muhurAsInA bAlA grbhbhraalsaa|| isa padya meM nAyikA ke garbhajanya Alasya kA varNana hai| (3/162) Alasyam-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) AvApodvApaH-AvApa kA artha hai padAntara kA grahaNa tathA udvApa kA artha hai vidyamAna pada kA tyaag| bAlaka zabdoM kA sarvaprathama jJAna vRddhavyavahAra ko dekhakara AvApa aura udvApa arthAt padoM ke grahaNa aura tyAga se prApta karatA hai| uttama vRddha ke dvArA madhyama vRddha ko uddiSTa karake 'gAmAnaya' aisA kahe jAne para madhyama vRddha ke dvArA sAsnAdimAn padArtha ke Anayana ko dekhakara bAlaka isa pada samUha kA artha sAsnAdimAn piNDavizeSa kA Anayana samajha letA hai| usake anantara uttama vRddha ke 'gAM badhAna', aisA kahane para madhyama vRddha ke vyavahAra ko dekhakara vaha 'gAm' itane bhAga kA artha go nAmaka pazu-vizeSa tathA 'Anaya' aura 'badhAna' padoM kA pRthak-pRthak artha Anayana aura bandhana kriyA samajhatA hai| isI prakAra use aneka padoM kA saGketajJAna ho jAtA hai| bAlaka ke dvArA zabdajJAna kI isa prakriyA ko hI AvApodvApa kahA jAtA hai| (2/7 kI vRtti) AvegaH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| mana kI sambhramAtmaka sthiti ko Avega kahate haiM-AvegaH smbhrmH| yadi yaha sambhrama harSa se utpanna ho to usameM zarIra saGkucita ho jAtA hai, utpAta se utpanna Avega meM aGga zithila ho jAte

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AzaMsA 32 AsInam haiM, agni se utpanna Avega meM dhUma Adi ke kAraNa vyAkulatA hotI hai, rAjapalAyana meM zastra aura hAthI Adi kI taiyArI hotI hai, hAthI Adi ke utpAta se utpanna Avega meM stambha, kampa Adi aura vAyujanya Avega meM dhUli Adi se vyAkulatA hotI hai| iSTa kI prApti se hone vAle Avega meM harSa tathA aniSTa kI prApti se hone vAle Avega meM zoka hote haiN| aadi| bharata ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki uttama aura madhyama koTi ke pAtroM kA Avega sthiratA se tathA mIca koTi ke pAtroM kA Avega upasarpaNa Adi se abhinIta karanA caahie| yathA-arghyamaya'miti vAdinaM nRpaM so'napekSya bharatAgrajo ytH| kSatrakopadahanArciSaM tataH sandadhe dRshmudgrtaarkm|| isa padya meM parazurAma ke Ane para apane parijanoM se 'arghyam arghyam' isa prakAra kahate hue rAjA dazaratha kI sambhramAtmaka sthiti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (3/150) ___ AzaMsA-eka naattyaalngkaar| AzA karane ko AzaMsA kahate haiM-AzaMsanaM syaadaashNsaa| yathA, mAdhava kI mAlatI ke darzana kI AzA meM yaha ukti -tatpazyeyamanaGgamaGgalagRhaM bhUyo'pi tasyA mukhm| (6/220) AzaMsA-zilpaka kA eka angg| kisI duSprApya vastu ko pAne kI icchA AzaMsA kahI jAtI hai| (6/295) ___ AzI:-eka naattyaalngkaar| iSTa janoM ke AzIrvAda ko AzI: kahate haiN-aashiirissttjnaashNsaa| yathA a.zA. meM kaNva kA zakuntalA ko yayAteriva0 ityAdi aashiirvaad| (6/208) AzrayaH-eka naattyaalngkaar| adhika utkRTa guNayukta kArya ke hetu kA grahaNa karanA Azraya kahA jAtA hai-grahaNaM guNavatkAryahetorAzraya ucyte| yathA, vibhISaNa ke dvArA rAma kA Azraya grahaNa krnaa| (6/214) AzvAsaH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) AsInam-eka laasyaangg| zoka aura cintA se yukta, vinA zRGgAra kiye koI nAyikA jaba baiThakara vinA kisI vAdya ke gAtI hai to use AsIna kahate haiM-nikhilAtodyarahitaM shokcintaanvitaa'blaa| suprasAritagAtraM yadAsInAsInameva c|| (6/244)

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Ahatavisargatvam IhAmRgaH __ Ahatavisargatvam-eka kaavydoss| Ahata se abhiprAya hai, visarga kA kA o ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jaanaa| nirantara visarga kA otva bhI zrutisukhada nahIM lgtaa| yathA-dhIro varo naro yaati| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) AhAryaH-abhinaya kA eka prkaar| isakA sambandha vizeSa rUpa se AharaNIya veSavinyAsa Adi se hai| isakA prayoga nepathya meM hotA hai| (6/3) IrSyAjanyamAnam-mAnavipralambha kA eka prkaar| pati kI kisI anya strI meM Asakti dekha lene para, suna lene para athavA usakA anumAna ho jAne para striyoM meM IrSyAmAna hotA hai| anya nAyikA viSayaka rati kA anumAna tIna prakAra se ho sakatA hai-svapna meM anya nAyikA ke sambandha meM bar3abar3AtA huA dekhakara, nAyaka meM anya nAyikA ke sambhogacihna dekhakara athavA gotraskhalana se-patyuranyapriyAsaGge dRSTe'thAnumAnite shrute| IrSyAmAno bhavetstrINAM tatra tvnumitistridhaa| utsvpnaayitbhogaangkgotrskhlnsmbhvaa|| yathAnavanakhapadamaGgaM gopayasyaMzukena sthagayasi punaroSThaM pANinA dntdssttm| pratidizamaparastrIsaGgazaMsI visarpannavaparimalagandhaH kena zakyo vriitum|| (3/206) IhAmRgaH-rUpaka kA eka bhed| IhAmRga se abhiprAya hai jahA~ nAyaka mRga ke samAna alabhya nAyikA kI kAmanA karatA hai-nAyako mRgavadalabhyAM nAyikAmaJahate vaanychtiitiihaamRgH| isakA kathAnaka itihAsa athavA kalpanA kA mizraNa hotA hai| kula cAra aGkoM meM mukha, pratimukha tathA nirvahaNa sandhiyoM kA prayoga hotA hai| nAyaka aura pratinAyaka prasiddha dhIroddhata nara athavA divya koTi ke pAtra hote haiN| dasa uddhata deva athavA manuSya patAkAnAyaka hote haiN| pratinAyaka apane meM anAsakta kisI divya strI ke haraNa Adi kI icchA se pracchanna rUpa se pApAcaraNa karatA hai| aise avasara para kucha-2 zRGgArAbhAsa bhI pradarzita kiyA jAnA caahie| yuddha kI pUrNa sambhAvanA ho jAtI hai parantu vaha kisI vyAja se nivRtta ho jAtA hai| mahAtmA ke vadha kI sthiti meM hone para bhI usakA vadha nahIM hotaa| kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki isameM devatA, nAyaka tathA eka aGka kA bhI vidhAna hai| anya AcAryoM kA yaha bhI kathana hai ki isameM chaha nAyaka hote haiM tathA divya strI ke kAraNa yuddha hotA hai| isakA udAharaNa kusumazekharavijayaH hai| (6/260)

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34 uktapratyuktam uttamottamakam uktapratyuktam-eka laasyaangg| ukti-pratyuktiyoM se yukta, upAlambha ke sahita, alIka ke samAna pratIta hone vAlA vilAsapUrNa artha se sampanna gIta uktapratyukta kahA jAtA hai-uktipratyuktisaMyuktaM sopaalmbhmliikvt| vilaasaanvitgiitaarthmuktprtyuktmucyte|| (6/251) ugratA-eka vybhicaariibhaav| svabhAva kI pracaNDatA ko ugratA kahate haiM jo zatru ke zaurya athavA aparAdha Adi se utpanna hotI hai| pasInA A jAnA, zira meM kampana, tarjana aura tADana Adi isake anubhAva haiM-zauryAparAdhAdibhavaM bhveccnnddtvmugrtaa| tatra svedshir:kmptrjnaataaddnaadyH|| yathA-praNayisakhIsalIlaparihAsarasAdhigatairlalitazirISapuSpahananairapi tAmyati yt| vapuSi vadhAya tatra tava zastramupakSipataH patatu zirasyakANDayamadaNDa ivaiSa bhujH|| (3/155) ucchvAsaH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) utkaNThA-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) / utkalikAprAyaH-gadya kA eka prkaar| dIrghasamAsayukta gadyaracanA utkalikAprAya kahI jAtI hai-anyad (utkalikAprAyam) diirghsmaasaaddhym| ythaa-annisvisannisidsrvisrvidlitprihgdprbl| subandhu Adi kI racanAoM meM isa prakAra kA gadya pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai| (6/310) utkIrtanam-eka naattyaalngkaar| atIta kArya ke AkhyAna ko utkIrtana kahate haiM-bhUtakAryAkhyAnamutkIrtanaM mtm| yathA bAlarAmAyaNa kA yaha padya-atrAsItphaNipAzabandhanavidhiH zaktyA bhvddevre| gADhaM vakSasi tADite hanumatA droNAdriratrAhRtaH / / (6/232) uttamottamakam-eka laasyaangg| kopa athavA prasAda se utpanna hone vAlA, AkSepa-vacanoM se yukta, rasavat, hAva aura helA se saMyukta, vicitra padyaracanA se manohara gAna uttamottamaka kahA jAtA hai-uttamottamakaM punaH, kopaprasAdajamadhikSepayuktaM rsottrm| hAvahelAnvitaM citrshlokbndhmnohrm| (6/250-51)

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35 uttaram utprAsanam uttaram-eka arthaalngkaar| uttara se yadi prazna kI pratIti ho to uttara nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai-uttaraM praznasyottarAdunnayo ydi| yathA nAyikA ke isa uttara-vIkSituM na kSamA zvazrUH, svAmI dUrataraM gtH| ahamekAkinI bAlA, taveha vasatiH kutH|| se pathika ke prazna kI pratIti ho jAtI hai| prazna hone para yadi aneka bAra asambhAvya uttara diyA jAye to bhI yahI alaGkAra hotA hai-yaccAsakRdasambhAvyaM satyapi prazna uttrm| yathA-kA viSamA devagatiH kiM labdhavyaM jano gunngraahii| kiM saukhyaM sukalatraM kiM durgrAhyaM khalo lokH|| yahA~ anya padArthoM ke apoha meM vaktA kA tAtparya nahIM rahatA, isalie yaha parisaGkhyA se bhinna hai| yaha anumAna bhI nahIM hai kyoMki anumAna meM sAdhyasAdhana donoM kA nirdeza Avazyaka hotA hai| yaha kAvyaliGga meM bhI antarhita nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki yahA~ uttara prazna kA hetu nahIM hotaa| (10/107) uttejanam-eka naattyaalngkaar| apanA kArya siddha karane ke lie dUsare ko prerita karane vAlI kaThArevANI uttejana kahI jAtI hai-uttejanamitISyate, svakAryasiddhaye'nyasya preraNAya ktthorvaak| yathA-indrajiccaNDavIryo'si nAmnaiva blvaansi| dhidhik pracchannarUpeNa yudhyse'smdbhyaakulH|| isa padya meM meghanAda kA antardhAna bhaGga karane ke lie lakSmaNa ke dvArA kaThora vANI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai kyoMki isake vinA usapara koI prahAra kiyA jA pAnA sambhava nahIM thaa| (6/224) utthApakaH-sAtvatI vRtti kA eka angg| zatru kI uttejita karane vAlI vANI uttthApaka kahI jAtI hai-uttejanakarI zatrorvAguttthApaka ucyte| yathA ma.ca, meM rAma ke prati parazurAma kI yaha ukti-AnandAya ca vismayAya ca mayA dRSTo'si du:khAya vA, vaitRSNyaM tu kuto'dya samprati mama tvadarzane ckssussH| yanmAGgalyasukhasya nAsmi viSayaH kiMvA bahu vyAhatairasminvismRtajAmadagnyavijaye pANau dhnurjumbhtaam|| (6/151) . utprAsanam-eka naattyaalngkaar| svayaM ko sAdhu mAnane vAle asAdhu kA upahAsa utprAsana kahA jAtA hai-utprAsanaM tUpahAso yo'sAdhau saadhumaanini|

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36 udAttama utprekSA yathA a.zA. meM duSyanta ke prati zArGgarava kI yaha ukti-rAjan! atha punaH pUrvavRttAntamanyasaGgAd vismRto bhavAn, ttkthmdhrmbhiirordaarprityaagH| (6/215) utprekSA-eka arthaalngkaar| upameya kI upamAna ke rUpa meM sambhAvanA ko utprekSA kahate haiM-bhavetsambhAvanotprekSA prakRtasya praatmnaa| yathA-jJAne mauna kSamA zaktau tyAge shlaaghaavipryyH| guNA guNAnubandhitvAttasya saprasavA iv|| yadi isake mUla meM koI anya alaGkAra ho to vaha adhika camatkAraka hotI hai| manye, zaGke, dhruvaM, prAyaH, nUnam, jAne Adi pada utprekSA ke vAcaka hote haiN| pradhAnarUpa se yaha vAcyA aura pratIyamAnA ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI hotI hai| jahA~ ivAdi utprekSAvAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga ho, vahA~ yaha vAcyA tathA jahA~ inakA prayoga na ho vahA~ pratIyamAnA hotI hai| punaH vAcyotprekSA ke 112 tathA pratIyamAnotprekSA ke 64 bheda milAkara isake kula 176 bheda niSpanna hote haiN| bhrAntimAn alaGkAra meM upameya kA jJAna hI nahIM hotA parantu utprekSA meM sambhAvanA karane vAle ko upameya ke vAstavika svarUpa kA bhI jJAna rahatA hai| sandeha meM jJAna kI donoM koTiyA~ samakakSa pratIta hotI haiM parantu utprekSA meM sambhAvya koTi utkRSTa rahatI hai| atizayokti meM upamAna pahale jJAta ho jAtA hai, phira usakI asatyatA pratIta hotI hai parantu yahA~ pahale se hI asatyatA jJAta rahatI hai| (10/58-59) utsAhaH-vIrarasa kA sthaayiibhaav| kAryoM ke Arambha meM utkaTa Aveza utsAha hai-kAryArambheSu saMrambhaH stheyAnutsAha ucyte| yahA~ isakA eka vizeSaNa 'stheyAn' bhI hai, jisakA artha hai-sthirtr| yaha dharmamUlaka hai, ataH pUrvaprokta rati, hAsa, zoka aura krodha ke kAmArthamUlaka hone ke kAraNa unakI apekSA sthiratara hai| (3/186) udAttam -eka arthaalngkaar| lokottara sampatti ke varNana meM udAtta alaGkAra hotA hai| yadi mahApuruSoM kA caritra prastuta vastu kA aGga ho, taba bhI yaha alaGkAra hotA hai-lokaatishysmpttivrnnnodaattmucyte| yadvApi prastutasyAGga mahatAM caritaM bhvet|| ina donoM rUpoM ke udAharaNa kramazaH isa

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37 udAharaNam uddIpanavibhAvaH prakAra haiM-(1)adhaH kRtAmbhodharamaNDalAnAM yasyAM shshaangkoplkuttttimaanaam| jyotsnAnipAtAtkSaratAM payobhiH kelIvanaM vRddhimuriikroti|| tathA (2) nAbhiprarUDhAmburuhAsanena, saMstUyamAnaH prathamena dhaatraa| amuM yugAntocitayoganidraH saMhatya lokaanpurusso'dhishete|| prathama zloka meM lokottara sampadA kA varNana hai tathA dUsare padya meM samudravarNana ke aGga ke rUpa meM viSNu kA caritra varNita huA hai| (10/123) udAharaNam-garbhasandhi kA eka angg| utkarSayukta vacana ko udAharaNa kahate haiM-udAharaNamutkarSayuktaM vcnmucyte| ve. saM. meM azvatthAmA kI ukti -yo yaH zastraM bibharti svabhujagurumadaH pANDavInAM camUnA, yo yaH pAJcAlagotre zizuradhikavayA garbhazayyAM gato vaa| yo yastatkarmasAkSI carati mayi raNe yazca yazca pratIpaH, krodhAndhastasya tasya svayamiha jgtaamntksyaantko'hm|| isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/99) udAharaNam-eka naattylkssnn| jahA~ abhimata artha samAna artha vAle vAkya ke pradarzana se sAdhita kiyA jAtA hai, use udAharaNa kahate haiM-yatra tulyArthayuktena vaakyenaatiprdrshnaat| sAdhyate'bhimatazcArthastadudAharaNaM mtm|| yathA-anuyAntyA janAtItaM kAntaM sAdhu tvayA kRtm| isa abhimata artha ko samAna artha vAle vAkyoM kA dina zrIvinArkeNa' tathA 'kA nizA zazinA vinA' ina vAkyoM ke pradarzana se sAdhita kiyA gayA hai| (6/174) udghaatyk:-viithyngg| prastAvanA kA bhed| jahA~ apratItArthaka padoM ko unake arthabodha ke lie anya padoM ke sAtha jor3a dete haiM, use udghAtyaka kahate haiM-padAni tvagatArthAni tadarthagataye nraaH| yojayanti padairanyaiH sa udghAtyaka ucyte|| yathA, mu. rA. meM sUtradhAra ke dvArA prayukta 'krUragrahaH sa ketushcndrmsmpuurnnmnnddlmidaaniim| abhibhavitumicchati balAt . . . . . / / isa vAkya ko sunakara cANakya apane hRdayastha artha ke sAtha saGgati biThAtA huA krUragraha ko rAkSasa, ketu ko malayaketu, candra ko candragupta, asampUrNamaNDalam ko jisakA rAjya abhI pUrNarUpa se sthira nahIM huA, ina arthoM meM saGkrAnta karake raGgamaJca para praveza karatA hai| (6/18) uddIpanavibhAvaH-vibhAva kA eka bhed| jo rasa ko uddIpta karate haiM

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udvegaH udbhedaH 38 unheM uddIpana vibhAva kahate haiM- uddIpanavibhAvAste rasamuddIpayanti ye / inameM Alambana kI ceSTAyeM Adi tathA dezakAla Adi kA samAveza hotA hai - Alambanasya ceSTAdyA dezakAlAdayastathA / ceSTAdyAH meM Adi pada se usakA rUpa alaGkaraNa Adi tathA 'kAlAdayaH' meM Adi pada se candramA, kokiloM kA AlApa tathA bhramaroM kI jhaGkAra Adi kA grahaNa hotA hai| (3/139-40) udbhedaH -mukhasandhi kA eka aGga / bIjabhUta artha ke prakaTa ho jAne ko udbheda kahate haiM- bIjArthasya prarohaH syAdadbhedaH / yathA - ve.saM. meM "nAtha punarapi tvayA samAzvAsayitavyA", draupadI ke isa prakAra kahane para bhIma ke "bhUyaH paribhavaklAntilajjAvidhuritAnanam / aniHzeSitakauravyaM na pazyasi vRkodrm||" isa kathana se bIja kA prarohaNa huA hai, ataH yaha udbheda nAmaka mukhasandhyaGga hai| (6/78) udyama:-eka nATyAlaGkAra / kArya kA Arambha karane ko udyama kahate haiM - kAryasyArambha udyamaH / yathA kumbha nATaka meM rAvaNa kI, 'pazyAmi zokavivazo'ntakameva tAvat', yaha ukti| (6/213) udvega :- pUrvarAga meM kAma kI paJcama dazA / priya se samAgama na ho pAne ke kAraNa kahIM mana na laganA udvega kahA jAtA hai / yathA - zvAsAnmuJcati bhUtale viluThati tvanmArgamAlokate, dIrghaM roditi vikSipatyata itaH kSAmAM bhujaavllriim| kiJca prANasamAna kAMkSitavatI svapne'pi te saGgamaM, nidrAM vAJchati na prayacchati punardagdhoM vidhistAmapi / / isa padya meM udvigna nAyikA kI mana:sthiti kA varNana hai / (3/195) udvega :- garbhasandhi kA eka aGga / rAjA Adi se utpanna bhaya ko udvega kahate haiM - nRpAdijanitA bhItirudvegaH parikIrtitaH / isakA udArahaNa ve.saM. kA yaha padya hai-prAptAvekarathArUr3ha pRcchantau tvAmitastataH / sa karNAriH sa ca krUro vRkakarmA vRkodaraH / / (6/107) udvega :- zilpaka kA eka aGga / apane bAndhavoM ke viyoga se utpanna hone vAlA kleza udvega kahA jAtA hai| (6/295)

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upakSepaH unmAdaH unmAdaH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| kAma, zoka, bhaya Adi ke dvArA citta kA vyAmoha unmAda hai| aisI sthiti meM vyakti ke socasamajhakara kArya karane kI zakti samApta ho jAtI hai tathA vaha anucita kAryoM, yathA-vinA kAraNa ke ha~sanA, ronA, gAnA, pralApa Adi karanA prArambha kara detA hai-cittasaMmoha unmAdaH kaamshokbhyaadibhiH| asthaanhaasruditgiitprlpnaadikRt|| yathA- bhrAtardvirepha bhavatA bhramatA samantAt prANAdhikA priyatamA mama vIkSitA kim| (jhaGkAramanubhUya sAnandam) brUSe kimomiti sakhe kathayAzu tanme kiM kiM vyavasyati kuto'sti ca kiidRshiiym|| yahA~ nAyikA ko DhU~Dhate hue nAyaka kI unmAdadazA kA varNana hai| (3/167) unmAdaH-pUrvarAga meM kAma kI saptama dshaa| jar3a aura cetana ke viSaya meM vivekazUnya ho jAnA unmAda kahalAtA hai-unmaadshcaapricchedshcetnaacetnessvpi| yathA- bhrAtardvirepha bhavatA bhramatA samantAtprANAdhikA priyatamA mama vIkSitA kim| (jhaGkAramanubhUya sAnandam) Se kimomiti sasne kathayAzu tanme kiM kiM vyavasyati kuto'sti ca kiidRshiiym|| yahA~ unmatta hokara bhramara se nAyikAviSayA sUcanA prApta karane kA prayAsa varNita hai| (3/196) unmAdaH-pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI aSTama dshaa| jar3a aura cetana ke viSaya meM vivekazUnya ho jAnA unmAda kahA jAtA hai| (3/211) upakSepaH-mukhasandhi kA eka angg| kAvyArtha kI samutpatti ko upakSepa kahate haiM-kAvyArthasya samutpattirupakSepa iti smRtH| yahA~ kAvyArtha se abhiprAya itivRtta rUpa prastuta abhidheya se hai, arthAt yahA~ itivRttarUpa kAvyArtha kA saMkSepa meM upakSepaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yathA ve. saM. kA yaha padyalAkSAgRhAnalaviSAnnasabhApravezaiH prANeSu vittanicayeSu ca naH prhtyH| AkRSya pANDavavadhUH paridhAnakezAn svasthA bhavanti mayi jIvati dhaartraassttraaH|| isa padya meM pUrvaghaTanA ke ullekha ke sAtha-2 bhavat tathA prastuta dazA kA bhI sUcana kiyA gayA hai| (6/69)

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upagUhanam 40 upanyAsaH upagUhanam -- nirvahaNa sandhi kA eka aGga / adbhuta vastu kI samprApti ko upagUhana kahate haiM-tadbhavedupagUhanaM, ytsyaaddbhutsmpraaptiH| yathA pra. va. meM nArada ko dekhakara pradyumna kA yaha kathana - dadhadvidyullekhAmiva kusumamAlAM parimalabhramad bhRGgazreNIdhvanibhirupagItAM tata itaH / digantaM jyotirbhistuhinakaragauraiH zavalayannitaH kailAsAdreH patati viyataH kiM punaridam / / yahA~ AkAza se nArada kA avataraNa adbhuta kI sRSTi kara rahA hai| (6/133) upadiSTam - eka naattylkssnn| zAstrAnusArI manohara vAkya ko upadiSTa kahate haiM- upadiSTaM manohAri vAkyaM zAstrAnusArataH / yathA a.zA. meM kaNva kA zakuntalA ko diyA gayA yaha upadeza - zuzrUSasva gurUnkurupriyasakhIvRttiM sapatnIjane, bharturviprakRtApi roSaNatayA mA sma pratIpaM gamaH / bhUyiSThaM bhava dakSiNA parijane bhAgyeSvanutsekinI, yAntyevaM gRhiNIpadaM yuvatayo vAmAH kulasyAdhayaH // (6/185) upadezanam-eka nATyAlaGkAra / zikSA dene ko upadezana kahate haiM-zikSA syAdupadezanam / yathA, a.zA. meM priyaMvadA ke parihAsa se khIjhakara jAtI huI zakuntalA ke prati anasUyA kA zikSAprada kathana " sakhi na yuktamAzramavAsino janasyAkRtasatkAramatithivizeSamujjhitvA svacchandato gmnm| " ( 6/240) upanyAsaH - pratimukhasandhi kA eka aGga / prasanna karane ko upanyAsa kahate haiM-upanyAsaH prasAdanam / yathA ra. nA. meM susaGgatA kI ukti bhartaH ! alaM zaGkayA / mayApi bhartyAH prasAdena kriidditmevaitaiH| tatkiM karNAbharaNena / ato'pi me gurutaraH prasAda eSa yattvayAhamatrAlikhiteti kupitA me priyasakhI saagrikaa| eSaiva prsaadytaam| anya AcArya isakA lakSaNa isa prakAra karate haiM - upapattikRto hyartha upanyAsaH sa kIrtitaH arthAt kisI artha ko yuktiyukta karanA upanyAsa kahA jAtA hai| yathA ra. nA. kI " atimukharA khalu sA garbhadAsI" yaha ukti| (6/93) upanyAsaH-bhANikA kA eka aGga / kisI prasaGga se kArya kA kathana karanA upanyAsa kahA jAtA hai - upanyAsaH prasaGgena bhavetkAryasya kIrttanam / (6/300)

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upapatti: 41 upamA upapattiH:- eka nATyAlaGkAra / arthasiddhi ke lie hetu ke upanyAsa ko upapatti kahate haiM-upapattirmatA hetorupanyAso'rthasiddhaye / yathA, nA.na. ke nimna padya meM nAyaka jImUtavAhana sarpa kI mAtA kI prANarakSArUpa arthasiddhi ke lie 'rakSAtmAnaM mamAsubhiH ' rUpa hetu kA upanyAsa karatA hai - mriyate mriyamANe yA tvayi jIvati jIvati / tAM yadIcchasi jIvantIM rakSAtmAnaM mamAsubhiH / / (6/219) upamA - eka arthAlaGkAra / aneka arthAlaGkAroM kA upajIvya hone ke kAraNa yaha unameM pradhAna hai| eka hI vAkya meM do padArthoM ke vidharmarahita sAmya ko upamA kahate haiM-sAmyaM vAcyamavaidharmyaM vAkyaikya upamA dvayoH / lakSaNavAkya meM 'vAcya' pada ke upAdAna se rUpaka, dIpaka Adi se usakA bheda pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, jahA~ vAkya vyaGgya hotA hai| 'avaidharmya' pada ke prayoga se vyatireka se isakA bheda pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ vaidharmya kA bhI kathana hotA hai| upameyopamA meM do vAkya hote haiM, 'vAkyaikya' pada ke prayoga se isase upamA kA vaiziSTya prakaTa hotA hai| ananvaya meM sAmyokti eka hI padArtha meM hotI hai, 'dvayo:' pada kA prayoga upamA ko ananvaya se viziSTa karatA hai| isakA udAharaNa hai- madhura : sudhAvadadharaH, pallavatulyo'tipelavaH paanniH| cakitamRgalocanAbhyAM sadRzI capale ca locane tasyAH || yadi upamA meM sAmAnyadharma, aupamyavAcI zabda, upameya aura upamAna ye cAroM vAcya hoM to vaha pUrNA upamA hotI hai / zrautI aura ArthI do prakAra kI pUrNopamA taddhita, samAsa athavA vAkya meM sthiti ke AdhAra para punaH tIna - 2 prakAra kI hone ke kAraNa chaha prakAra kI ho jAtI hai| sAmAnya dharma Adi kisI ekaM, do athavA tIna ke lupta hone para luptopamA hotI hai| isake ikkIsa bheda haiM-dasa prakAra kI sAmAnyadharmaluptA, do prakAra kI upamAnaluptA, do prakAra kI vAcakazabdaluptA, do prakAra kI sAmAnyadharma upamAnaluptA, do prakAra kI sAmAnyadharma vAcakazabdaluptA tathA upameyaluptA, sAmAnyadharmopameyaluptA aura triluptA / isa prakAra upamA ke kula sattAIsa bheda niSpanna hote haiN| upamA ke jina bhedoM meM sAdhAraNadharma lupta nahIM hotA, vahA~ kahIM to vaha upameya aura upamAna meM ekarUpa hotA hai, yathA- madhuraH sudhAvadadhara : ityAdi

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upamAnam 42 upAdAnalakSaNA padya meM upameya adhara aura upamAna sudhA meM madhura nAmaka sAmAnyadharma ekarUpa hI hai tathA kahIM yaha upAdhibheda se bhinna bhI ho jAtA hai| yaha bheda usI prakAra kA hai jaise dugdha, zaGkha aura hima kI zuklatA meM paraspara bheda hai / kahIM to yaha bheda zabdamAtra kA hI hotA hai (yathA- smeraM vidhAya nayanaM vikasitamiva nIlamutpalaM mayi sA / kathayAmAsa kRzAGgI manogataM nikhilamAkUtam / / isa padya . meM smeratva aura vikasitatva rUpa sAmAnyadharma vastutaH eka hI hai) aura kahIM unameM paraspara bimbapratibimbabhAva rahatA hai (yathA-mallApavarjitaisteSAM zirobhiH shmshrulairmhiim| tastAra saraghAvyAptaiH sa kSaudrapaTalairiva / / isa padya meM upameya sira kA dharma zmazrulatva aura upamAna kSaudrapaTala kA dharma saraghAvyAptatva hai tathApi zyAmatvasAmAnya se ina donoM meM paraspara bimbapratibimbabhAva pratIta hotA hai ) / (10/18-34) upamAnam-upamA kA eka aGga / jisake sAtha upameya kI tulanA kI jaaye| isa prakAra isakA utkRSTa guNoM se yukta honA lokasiddha hotA hai| ise hI anya, aprastuta, aprakRta Adi bhI kahA jAtA hai| 'mukhaM candra iva manoharam ' Adi upamAvAkyoM meM candra upamAna hai - upamAnaM candrAdi / ( 10/19 kI vRtti) upameyam - upamA kA eka aGga / upamAna ke sAtha jisakI tulanA kI jaae| ise prakRta, prastuta, varNanIya, viSaya Adi nAmoM se bhI kahA gayA hai| 'mukhaM candra iva manoharam' Adi upamAvAkyoM meM mukha upameya hai- upameyaM mukhaadi| ( 10/19 kI vRtti) upameyopamA - eka arthAlaGkAra / jo eka vAkya meM upamAna ho vaha agale vAkya meM upameya tathA jo prathama vAkya meM upameya ho, vaha dvitIya vAkya meM upamAna ho jAye to upameyopamA alaGkAra hotA hai - paryAyeNa dvayoretadupameyopamA matA / svAbhAvika rUpa se isameM do vAkyoM kI apekSA hotI hai| isakA udAharaNa yaha padya hai- kamaleva matirmatiriva kamalA tanuriva vibhA vibheva tanuH / dharaNIva dhRtirdhRtiriva dharaNI satataM vibhAti bata yasya / / (10/39) upAdAnalakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bheda | rUr3hi aura prayojanavatI lakSaNA ke upAdAna tathA lakSaNalakSaNA ke rUpa meM do-do bheda hote haiM / upAdAna kA artha hai - grahaNa karanA / vAkyArtha meM anvaya kI siddhi ke lie jahA~ anya

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upekSA 43 ubhayAlaGkAraH artha kA AkSepa kara liyA jAtA hai vahA~ mukhyArtha ke sAtha - 2 apanA bhI grahaNa karAne se upAdAna lakSaNA hotI hai - mukhyArthasyetarAkSepo vaakyaarthe'nvysiddhye| syAdAtmano'pyupAdAnAdeSopAdAnalakSaNA / ataeva ise hI ajahatsvArthA bhI kahate haiM kyoMki yahA~ lakSaka pada itara kA AkSepa karatA huA apane artha kA tyAga nahIM karatA / rUr3higata upAdAnalakSaNA kA udAharaNa 'zveto dhAvati' tathA prayojanavatI upAdAnalakSaNA kA udAharaNa 'kuntAH pravizanti' hai| yahA~ kevala zveta aura kunta zabdoM se dhAvana aura pravezana kriyAoM kA anvaya upapanna nahIM hotA / ataeva unase sambaddha azva aura puruSa zabdoM kA AkSepa karake artha kI siddhi kI jAtI hai| 'zveto dhAvati' meM koI prayojana na hone ke kAraNa rUr3hi pradhAna hai| 'kuntAH pravizanti' meM kuntadhAriyoM kI atyanta gahanatA vyaJjita karanA isakA prayojana hai| vaiyAkaraNAcArya 'zveta' zabda se rasAdibhyazca 5/2/95 se matup pratyaya karake punaH 'guNavacanebhyo lugiSTa: ' se isakA luk kara dete haiN| ataH 'zveta' zabda kA artha zveta aura zveta varNavAlA donoM hI hai| a. ko meM bhI ina zabdoM ko guNa aura guNI donoM hI arthoM kA vAcaka batAyA gayA hai parantu naiyAyika isa luk ko svIkAra nahIM krte| (2/10) upekSA-nAyikA kA mAna bhaGga karane kA eka upaay| sAma, bheda, dAna aura nati ina cAroM upAyoM ke niSphala ho jAne para aura upAya na karake cupacApa baiTha jAnA upekSA kahA jAtA hai - sAmAdau tu parikSINe syaadupekssaavdhiirnnm| (3/209) ubhayAlaGkAraH-alaGkAra kA eka bheda / jahA~ kahIM to zabda kA parivarttana sahya ho tathA kahIM asahya ho vahA~ zabdArthobhayamUlaka alaGkAra hotA hai| isakA udAharaNa punaruktavadAbhAsa hai| bhujaGgakuNDalI vyaktazazizubhrAMzuzItaguH / jagantyapi sadApAyAdavyAccetoharaH zivaH / / isa padya meM punaruktavadAbhAsa alaGkAra hai| alaGkAra ke sthala ' bhujaGgakuNDalI' meM ' bhujaGga' zabda meM parivartana hone para bhI alaGkAra banA rahatA hai parantu 'kuNDalI' pada meM parivartana sahya nahIM hai| isI udAharaNa meM 'haraH zivaH' meM dvitIya pada meM

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ullApyam ullekha: parivartana sahya hai| zazizubhrAMzu meM donoM hI pada badale jA sakate haiM jabaki eka anya udAharaNa ' bhAti sadAnatyAga: ' meM donoM hI pada ( dAna aura tyAga ) aparivartanIya haiN| ataH kahIM padaparivRttisahatva tathA kahIM aparivRttisahatva hone ke kAraNa yaha ubhayAlaGkAra hai| (10/2) 44 ullApyam-uparUpaka kA eka bheda / eka aGka meM divya kathAvastu se yukta, saGgrAma aura astragIta se manohara, zilpaka ke sattAisa aGgoM se yukta, hAsya, zRGgAra aura karuNa rasoM se sampanna ullApya nAmaka nATyaprakAra hotA hai| kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki isameM cAra nAyikAyeM aura tIna aGka hote haiM - udAttanAyakaM divyvRttmekaangkbhuussitm| zilpakAGgairyutaM hAsya zRGgArakaruNai rsaiH| ullApyaM bhusnggraammstrgiitimnohrm| catasro nAyikAstatra trayo'GkA iti kecana / / isakA udAharaNa devImahAdevam hai| (6/287) ullekha:- eka naattyaalngkaar| kisI kArya kA nirdeza karane ko ullekha kahate haiM - kAryadarzanamullekhaH / yathA a.zA. meM rAjA ke prati tapasviyoM kA yaha kathana ki-samidAharaNAya prasthitA vym| na cedanyakAryAtipAtaH, pravizya gRhytaamtithistkaarH| yahA~ rAjA ke sAtha na jA pAne ke hetu ke rUpa meM samidAharaNa kArya kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| (6/223) ullekha:- eka arthaalngkaar| grahItA athavA viSaya ke bheda se eka vastu kA aneka prakAra se ullekha karanA ullekha alaGkAra hai - kvacidbhedAdgrahItRRNAM viSayANAM tathA kvacit / ekasyAnekadhollekho yaH sa ullekha ucyate / . isa alaGkAra meM vastu ke eka hI hone para bhI ruci, arthitva athavA vyutpatti ke anusAra usakA jJAna bhinna ho jAtA hai| tadyathA - priya iti gopavadhUbhiH zizuriti vRddhairadhIza iti devaiH / nArAyaNa iti bhaktairbrahmetyagrAhi yogibhirdevaH / / udAhRta padya meM eka hI kRSNa grahItA ke bheda se priya, zizu, svAmI, nArAyaNa aura brahma samajhe jA rahe haiN| ye sabhI dharma kRSNa meM vAstavika haiM, Aropita nahIM, ataH yaha mAlArUpaka nahIM hai| isake atirikta mAlArUpaka

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45 UrjasvI ekAvalI meM eka hI jJAtA rahatA hai jabaki yahA~ pratyeka jJAna kA grahItA bhinna hai| isa padya meM bhrAntimAn kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM hai kyoMki gopiyoM Adi ko kRSNa meM sAdRzya ke kAraNa bhramavaza priyatvajJAna nahIM ho rahA pratyuta ve yathArtha meM hI use priya mAnatI haiN| 'abheda meM bheda' rUpa atizayokti meM bhI anya (abhinna) vastu ko anya (bhinna) rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai parantu gopiyoM Adi kA priyatvajJAna tAttvika hai, anya meM anya rUpa se adhyavasita nahIM hai| kucha AcArya isa alaGkAra ko niyata rUpa se alaGkArAntaravicchittimUlaka' mAnate haiM, arthAt isake mUla meM anya alaGkAra kA camatkAra vidyamAna rahatA hai| udAhRta padya meM atizayoktitattva bhI vartamAna hai parantu jJAtR athavA viSayabheda se eka vastu kA aneka prakAra se ullekha honA yahA~ isa alaGkAra kA AdhAyaka hai| pariNAma, rUpakAdi bhI isake sAtha saMyukta ho sakate haiN| (10/54) UrjasvI-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ rasAbhAsa aura bhAvAbhAsa kisI anya ke aGga banakara upasthita hoM vahA~ UrjasvI alaGkAra hotA hai-anaucityapravRttau tdtraastiityuurjsvii| UrjA kA artha hai-bl| yahA~ yaha UrjA anaucitya se pravRtta hotI hai| yathA-vane'khilakalAsaktAH parihatya nijstriyH| tvadvairivanitAvRnde pulindAH kurvate rtim|| isa padya meM zRGgArAbhAsa rAjaviSayaka ratibhAva kA aGga hai! (10/124 para vRtti) ekadezavivartinyupamA-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ kisI kA sAdhAraNa dharma vAcya ho aura kisI kA gamya (pratIyamAna) vahA~ ekadezavivartinyupamA hotI hai-ekadezavivartinyupamA vaacytvgmytve| bhavetAM yatra saamysy| yathA-netrarivotpalaiH padyairmukhairiva sr:shriyH| pade pade vibhAnti sma cakravAkaiH stnairiv|| isa padya meM netrAdi aura nIlakamalAdi kA sAdRzya vAcya hai jabaki sarovara kI lakSmiyoM kA nAyikAoM ke sAtha sAmya pratIyamAna hai| (10/35) ekAvalI-eka arthaalngkaar| pUrva pUrva ke prati uttarottara ko vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM sthApita kareM athavA usakA niSedha kareM to yaha do prakAra kA ekAvalI alaGkAra hotA hai-pUrvaM pUrvaM prati vizeSaNatvena paraM prm| sthApyate'pohyate vA cet syAttadaikAvalI dvidhaa|| inake udAharaNa kramaza: isa

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audAryam ojaH prakAra haiM- (1) saro vikasitAmbhojamambhojaM bhRnggsnggtm| bhRGgA yatra sasaGgItA saGgItaM sasmarodayam / / tathA (2) na tajjalaM yanna sucArupaGkajaM na paGkajaM tdydliinssttpdm| na SaTpado'sau na juguJja yaH kalaM na guJjitaM tanna jahAra yanmanaH / pUrva padya meM vikasita kamala tAlAba ke, bhramarasaMyoga vikasita kamala ke, saGgIta se yukta honA bhramaroM ke tathA kAma kA uddIpaka honA saGgIta ke vizeSaka ke rUpa meM sthApita hai jabaki uttara padya meM uttarottara ke vizeSakatva kA niSedha hai| 46 kahIM-kahIM vizeSya bhI uttarottara vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM sthApita athavA niSiddha kiyA jAtA hai / ( 10 / 101 ) ojaH - eka guNa / citta kI vistArarUpa dIpti oja guNa - ojazcittasya vistArarUpaM diipttvmucyte| yaha guNa raudra, bIbhatsa aura vIra rasoM meM pravRddha rahatA hai| vargoM ke prathama akSara se milA huA dvitIya akSara tathA tRtIya akSara se milA huA usI varga kA caturtha akSara, Tavarga, Upara, nIce athavA donoM ora repha se mile hue akSara, dIrgha samAsa tathA uddhata racanA ojaguNa kI vyaJjaka hotI hai| yathA-caJcadbhujabhramitacaNDagadAbhighAta - saJcUrNitoruyugalasya suyodhanasya / styAnAvanaddhaghanazoNitazoNapANiruttaMsayiSyati kacAMstava devi bhiim:|| (8/6-7) autsukyam - eka vyabhicArI bhAva / iSTa kI prApti meM kAla kA vyavadhAna sahana na kara pAnA autsukya kahA jAtA hai / citta kA santApa, jaldabAjI, pasInA, dIrgha nizvAsa Adi isake anubhAva haiM- iSTAnavApterautsukyaM kAlakSepAsahiSNutA / cittatApatvarAsvedadIrghanizvasitAdikRt / / yathA-- yaH kaumAraharaH sa eva hi varastA eva caitrakSapAste conmIlitamAlatIsurabhayaH praur3hA: kadambAnilAH / sA caivAsmi tathApi tatra suratavyApAralIlAvidhau, revArodhasi vetasItarutale cetaH samutkaNThate / mammaTa ne isa padya meM rasa kI pradhAnatA mAnI hai| (3/166) audAryam-nAyaka kA sAttvika guNa / priyabhASaNa sahita dAna tathA zatru aura mitra meM samatA audArya hai- dAnaM sapriyabhASaNamaudaryaM zutrumitrayoH samatA / (3/67)

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audAryam kathodghAtaH ___ audAryam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| sadA vinaya se yukta rahanA audArya kahalAtA hai-audAryaM vinayaH sdaa| yathA- na brUte paruSAM giraM vitanute na bhrUyugaM bhaguraM, nottaMsaM kSipati kSitau zravaNataH sA me sphutte'pyaagsi| kAntA garbhagRhe gavAkSavivaravyApAritAkSyA bahiH, sakhyA vaktramabhiprayacchati paraM paryazruNI locne|| (3/112) aupamyavAcI-upamA kA eka angg| do padArthoM meM sAdRzya ke vAcaka ivAdi padoM ko aupamyavAcI kahA jAtA hai-aupmyvaackmivaadi| Adi se yathA, tulya, sadRza, sama, vat Adi kA grahaNa hotA hai| (10/19 kI vRtti) kathA-gadyakAvya kA eka bhed| isameM rasayukta kathAnaka kA nirmANa gadya meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| kahIM-kahIM AryA, vaktra, aparavaktra, chandoM kA bhI prayoga hotA hai| isake prArambha meM padyabaddha namaskArAtmaka maGgalAcaraNa hotA hai tathA khalAdikoM ke carita kA nibandhana kiyA jAtA hai-kathAyAM sarasaM vastu gadyaireva vinirmitm| kvacidatra bhavedAryA kvacid vktraapvkke| Adau padyairnamaskAraH khlaadevRttkiirtnm|| yathA, kAdambarI aadi| (6/311) kathitapadatvam-eka kaavydoss| kahe hue pada kA hI punaH prayoga kathitapadatva doSa hai| ise hI punarukti kahate haiN| yathA-ratilIlAzrayaM bhinte salIlamanilo vhn| yahA~ 'lIlA' zabda punarukta hai| jahA~ pUrvavihita kA anuvAda karanA ho athavA viSAda, vismaya, krodha, dainya, lATAnuprAsa, anukampA, dUsare ko prasanna karane, arthAntarasaGkramitavAcyadhvani, harSa aura nizcaya meM yaha doSa na hokara guNa hI ho jAtA hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) kathodghAta:-prastAvanA kA eka bhed| sUtradhAra ke dvArA prokta vAkya athavA usake artha ko lekara koI pAtra praveza kare, use kathodghAta kahate haiM-sUtradhArasya vAkyaM vA samAdAyArthamasya vaa| bhavetpAtrapravezazcet kathodghAtaH sa ucyte|| yathA ra.nA. meM sUtradhAra dvArA paThita dvIpAdanyasmAdapi0 Adi padya ko hI "evametat" kahakara punaH par3hatA huA yaugandharAyaNa praveza karatA hai| sUtradhAra dvArA prokta vAkya ke artha ko lekara pAtra ke praveza karane kA udAharaNa ve.saM. meM hai| yahA~ nirvANavairadahanA0 ityAdi padya ko sunakara 'svasthA bhavantu kururAjasutAH sabhRtyAH' se uddIpta huA bhImasena "AH durAtman! vRthA

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48 karuNaH kaniSThA maGgalapAThaka! kathaM svasthA bhavanti mayi jIvati dhArtarASTrAH" isa prakAra kahatA huA raGgamaJca para praveza karatA hai| (6/19) kaniSThA-svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bhed| nAyaka ke praNaya kI nyUnatA se yukta madhyA aura pragalbhA nAyikA kaniSThA kahI jAtI hai| yathA-dRSTvaikAsanasaMsthite priyatame pazcAdupetyAdarAdekasyA nayane pidhAya vihitkriiddaanubndhcchlH| ISadvakritakandharaH sapulakapremollasanmAnasAmantaresalasatkapolaphalakAM dhUrtA'parAM cumbti|| isa padya meM jisa nAyikA ke nayana pihita kiye gaye haiM, vaha kaniSThA nAyikA hai| (3/79) ___ kanyakA-parakIyA nAyikA kA eka prkaar| avivAhitA, lajjAvatI, navayauvanA kanyA kahI jAtI hai-kanyA tvajAtopayamA salajjA nvyauvnaa| pitA Adi para Azrita hone ke kAraNa vaha parakIyA kahI jAtI hai| yathA mA.mA. Adi meM mAlatI aadi| (3/83) kapaTam-eka naattyaalngkaar| jahA~ mAyAdi ke kAraNa anya hI rUpa AbhAsita ho use kapaTa kahate haiM-kapaTaM mAyayA yatra rUpamanyad vibhaavyte| yathA kulapatyaGka kA yaha padya-mRgarUpaM parityajya vidhAya kapaTaM vpuH| nIyate rakSasA tena lakSmaNo yudhi sNshym|| (6/210) karaNam-mukhasandhi kA eka angg| prakRta kArya ke Arambha kA nAma karaNa hai-karaNaM punaH prkRtaarthsmaarmbhH| yathA ve.saM. meM bhIma kA "devi! gacchAmo vayamidAnIM kurukulakSayAya" yaha kthn| (6/79) karambhakam-vividha bhASAoM meM nirmita racanA ko karambhaka kahate haiM-karambhakaM tu bhaassaabhirvividhaabhirvinirmitm| isakA udAharaNa svayaM vizvanAtharacita prazastiratnAvalI hai jisameM solaha bhASAoM kA prayoga huA hai| (6/315) karuNaH--eka rs| yaha iSTa ke nAza tathA aniSTa kI prApti se niSpanna hotA hai| isakA sthAyIbhAva zoka hai| isakA varNa kapota tathA devatA yama hai| zocya vyakti isakA Alambana tathA usakI dAhAdika avasthAyeM uddIpana hotI haiN| bhAgya kI nindA, bhUmi para giranA, cillAnA, vivarNatA, ucchvAsa, nizvAsa, stambha aura pralApa isake anubhAva hote haiM tathA nirveda, moha,

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49 karuNavipralambhaH kalahAntaritA apasmAra, vyAdhi, glAni, smRti, zrama, viSAda, jaDatA, unmAda, cintA Adi isake vyabhicArIbhAva hote haiN| yathA-vipine kva jaTAnibandhanaM tava cedaM kva manoharaM vpuH| anayorghaTanA vidheH sphuTaM nanu khaDgena shiriisskrttnm|| (rA. vi.) isa padya meM rAma ke vanavAsa se utpanna hone vAle zoka se pIDita dazaratha kI bhAgyanindA varNita hai| isakA paripoSa ma.bhA. ke strIparva Adi meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| karuNa rasa meM zoka sthAyI hotA hai jabaki karuNavipralambha meM phira se samAgama kI AzA banI rahane ke kAraNa rati kA bhAva sthAyI hotA hai-zokasthAyitayA bhinno vipralambhAdayaM rsH| vipralambhe ratiH sthAyI punaH smbhoghetukH|| (3/223-25) ___karuNavipralambhaH-vipralambha kA eka bhed| nAyaka aura nAyikA meM se kisI eka ke mara jAne para dUsarA jo santApa bhogatA hai use karuNavipralambha kahate haiM parantu yaha tabhI hotA hai yadi paralokagata vyakti ke isI janma meM aura isI deha se punaH milane kI AzA ho-yUnorekatarasmin gatavati lokAntaraM punrlbhye| vimanAyate yadaikastadA bhvetkrunnviprlmbhaakhyH|| kAdambarI meM puNDarIka aura mahAzvetA kA vRttAnta isakA udAharaNa hai kyoMki vahA~ puNDarIka lokAntara ko prApta ho cukA hai punarapi AkAzavANI ke prAmANya se isI janma meM mahAzvetA kI isI deha se usase milane kI AzA bhI banI AcArya dhanaJjaya kA yaha mata hai ki AkAzavANI ke anantara hI yahA~ zRGgAra kI sambhAvanA bana pAtI hai kyoMki tabhI ratibhAva aGkurita hotA hai| isase pUrva to karuNa rasa kA sthAyIbhAva zoka hI pradhAnarUpa se vyakta huA hai| AkAzavANI se bAda ke vRttAnta ko pravAsavipralambha nahIM mAnanA cAhie kyoMki yahA~ maraNa nAmaka eka vizeSa dazA utpanna ho cukI hai tathA pravAsa ke kisI bhI bheda meM nAyaka nAyikA meM se anyatara kI mRtyu varNita nahIM hotii| (3/214) __kalahAntaritA-nAyikA kA eka bhed| cATukAritA karate hue priya ko bhI jo krodha ke kAraNa pare haTA de aura phira pazcAttApa kare vaha kalahAntaritA

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50 kAmadazA kalApakam nAyikA hotI hai-cATukAramapi prANanAthaM roSAdapAsya yaa| pazcAttApamavApnoti kalahAntaritA tu saa|| yathA-no cATu zravaNaM kRtaM na ca dazA hAro'ntike vIkSitaH, kAntasya priyahetavo nijasakhIvAco'pi duuriikRtaaH| pAdAnte vinipatya tatkSaNamasau gacchanmayA mUr3hayA, pANibhyAmavarudhya hanta sahasA kaNThe kathaM naarpitH|| (3/95) kalApakam-vAkyArtha yadi cAra padyoM meM pUrNa ho to vaha padya kA kalApaka nAmaka bheda hotA hai-kalApakaM cturbhishc| (6/302) kaSTatvam-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ sandhi ke kAraNa duHzravatA utpanna ho jAe vahA~ kaSTatva nAmaka doSa hotA hai| yathA-urvyasAvatra tarvAlI marvante caarvvsthitiH| parantu koI vaiyAkaraNa yadi vaktA athavA zrotA ho to yaha guNa bhI ho jAtA hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) kaaku:-knntthdhvnivikaar| vaktA ke dvArA kahe gaye vAkya ko zrotA bhinna kaNThadhvani ke dvArA. sarvathA viparIta rUpa meM kalpita kara letA hai| bhinnakaNThadhvani ke dvArA isa vizeSa prakAra kI uccAraNapraNAlI ko hI kAku kahA jAtA hai-bhinnakaNThadhvanirdhAraiH kaakuritybhidhiiyte| (10/11) kAnti:-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| kAmadeva ke unmeSa se bar3hI huI zobhA ko hI kAnti kahate haiM-saiva kaantirmnmthaapyaayitdyutiH| (dekheM-zobhA) yathA-netre khaJjanagaJjane sarasijapratyarthi pANidvayaM, vakSojau karikumbhavibhramakarImatyunnatiM gcchtH| kAntiH kAJcanacampakapratinidhirvANI sudhAsyandinI, smerendIvaradAmasodaravapustasyAH kttaaksscchttaa|| (3/108) kAmadazA-utkaTa anurAga ke hone para bhI nAyaka aura nAyikA kA samAgama na hone para unakI jo dazA hotI hai, use kAmazAstra Adi ke granthoM meM kAmadazA ke nAma se varNita kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi mahAkaviyoM kI kRtiyoM meM unake ananta prakAra varNita kiye gaye haiM tathApi AcAryoM ne prAyaH dasa hI sthitiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai yadyapi kahIM-kahIM unakI saMkhyA, nAma tathA krama ke viSaya meM vyatyaya bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| ye isa prakAra haiN-abhilaassshcintaasmRtigunnkthnovegsmprlaapaashc| unmAdo'tha vyAdhirjaDatA mRtiriti dazAtra kaamdshaaH|| inameM se pratyeka bAda vAlI avasthA pUrva avasthA se adhika kaSTa dene vAlI hai| (3/195)

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kAvyaprayojanam kAraNamAlA - eka arthaalngkaar| agale- agale ke prati yadi pUrva - pUrva kI kAraNatA hotI jAye to vaha kAraNamAlA nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai- paraM paraM prati yadA pUrvapUrvasya hetutA / tadA kAraNamAlA syAt... / / yathA - zrutaM kRtadhiyAM saGgAjjAyate vinayaH zrutAt / lokAnurAgo vinayAnna kiM lokAnurAgataH / / isa padya meM buddhimAnoM kA saMsarga zAstra kA, zAstra vinaya kA, vinaya lokAnurAga kA tathA lokAnurAga samasta prAptiyoM kA kAraNa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| (10/99) kAraNamAlA 51 kAryajanyavipralambha:- pravAsavipralambha kA eka prkaar| kisI kAryavizeSa se nAyaka ke kisI anya deza meM cale jAne para hone vAlA viyoga kAryajanya hotA hai| yaha kyoMki vicArapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai, ata: yaha varttamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSya ina tInoM kAloM meM ho sakane ke kAraNa tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - bhAvI, bhavat, bhuut| ( 6 / 210 -13 ) kAryam - eka arthaprakRti / jo vastu ke sAdhya ke rUpa meM apekSita hai, jisake lie saba upAya prArambha kiye jAte haiM tathA jisakI siddhi ke lie sAre sAdhana ekatra kiye jAte haiM, vaha kArya kahA jAtA hai - apekSitantu yatsAdhyamArambho yannibandhanaH / samApanantu yatsiddhyai tatkAryamiti sammatam / / yathA, rAmacarita meM rAvaNavadha | ( 6 / 53 ) kAryAvasthA - nATyakArya kI sthiti / nATya meM phalaprApti hetu nAyaka dvArA jo vyApAra kiyA jAtA hai, prArambha se lekara samApti paryanta usakI pA~ca sthitiyoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, unheM kAryAvasthA kahA jAtA hai - avasthAH paJca kAryasya prArabdhasya phalArthibhiH / 'phalArthibhiH ' 'pada se nAyaka, pratinAyaka tathA unake sahAyaka Adi kA grahaNa hotA hai| ye pA~ca avasthAyeM haiM - Arambha, yatna, prAptyAzA, niyatApti aura phalAgama / (6/54) kAvyaprayojanam - kAvyazAstra ke Adya AcArya bhAmaha kI paramparA meM sA.da.kAra ne caturvarga kI prApti ko kAvya kA prayojana siddha kiyA hai| AcArya bhAmaha ne kIrti aura prIti ke sAtha-sAtha dharmArthakAmamokSa tathA kalAoM meM vaicakSaNya ko kAvya ke prayojana ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| bhAmaha ke dvArA aisA svIkAra kiye jAne ke pIche yaha tarka thA ki ve alaGkArazAstra

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52 kAvyaprayojanam kAvyaprayojanam ko vidvatsabhAoM meM nyAya aura vyAkaraNa jaise zAstroM ke samakakSa mAnyatA dilAnA cAhate the parantu vizvanAtha ke samakSa isa prakAra kI koI paristhiti nahIM thI punarapi unhoMne eka kadama aura Age bar3hakara tarkapUrvaka yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA ki vAstava meM kAvya hI dharmAdi kI prApti kA sarala aura sArvajanika upAya hai-caturvargaphalaprAptiH sukhaadlpdhiyaampi| kaavyaadev....|| kAvya se dharmAdi kI prApti bhagavAn nArAyaNa ke caraNAravinda kI stuti ke dvArA pratyakSa siddha hotI hai, isake atirikta zabda bhI isa viSaya meM pramANa hai-ekaH zabdaH suprayuktaH samyagjJAtaH svarge loke ca kaamdhugbhvti| arthAt kAvya kI racanA tathA usakA anuzIlana donoM hI dharmotpAdaka haiM kyoMki kAvya se bar3hakara aura zabda kA sundara prayoga kahA~ prApta ho sakatA hai| kAvya se artha kI prApti kA ullekha AcArya mammaTa ne bhI kiyA hai| isakA udAharaNa unake samakSa pratyakSa thA ki harSAdi rAjAoM se dhAvaka Adi kavioM ko prabhUta dhana kI prApti huI thii| artha se kAmabhogoM kI prApti bhI sarvathA sambhava hI hai| kAvya se mAnava ke parama puruSArtharUpa mokSa kI prApti ko lekara vivAda avazya ho sakatA hai parantu isakA samAdhAna bhI asambhava nahIM, yadi ise lokottara rasavatI pratiSThA meM antarbhUta mAna liyA jaaye| AcArya vizvanAtha ne isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA hai ki dharmajanya phala ke parityAga se (tena tyaktena bhuJjIthAH) yaha bhI sulabha hai| athavA mokSopayogI upaniSadAdi ke vAkyoM meM vyutpatti kA AdhAna karane se kAvya kI mokSa ke prati kAraNatA bhI banatI hI hai| vedAdi se bhI caturvarga kI prApti sutarAM sambhava hai parantu nIrasa hone ke kAraNa unakA samyak jJAna duSkara hai| dUsare, strI aura zUdra kA veda meM adhikAra bhI nahIM-strIzUdrau naadhiiyaataam| ataH yaha upAya kevala kucha paripakva buddhisampanna sahRdayoM ke lie hI hai jabaki kAvya se AvidvadaGganAbAla sabhI ko dharmAdi kI prApti ho sakatI hai| ataeva a.pu. meM isakI upAdeyatA ina zabdoM meM pratipAdita kI gayI hai-naratvaM durlabhaM loke, vidyA tatra sudurlbhaa| kavitvaM durlabhaM tatra zaktistatra sudurlbhaa|| vahIM ise trivarga kA sAdhana bhI batAyA gayA hai-trivargasAdhanaM naattym| vi.pu. meM

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kAvyam 53 kAvyalakSaNam bhI kAvyagItAdi ko bhagavAn viSNu ke aMza kahA gayA hai - kAvyAlApAzca ye kecidgItakAnyakhilAni ca / zabdamUrtidharasyaite viSNoraMzA mahAtmanaH / / (1/2) kAvyam - eka kathA ke nirUpaka padyoM meM saMskRta athavA prAkRtAdi bhASA meM nibaddha sargabaddha racanA kAvya kahI jAtI hai| isameM sabhI sandhiyA~ nahIM hotIM bhASAvibhASAniyamAtkAvyaM sargasamutthitam / ekArthapravaNaiH padyaiH sandhisAmagyavarjitam / / isakA udAharaNa bhikSATanam tathA AryAvilAsaH hai| (6/307) kAvyam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| yaha mukha, pratimukha tathA nirvahaNa sandhi se yukta ekAGkI racanA hai| isameM ArabhaTI vRtti kA prayoga nahIM hotA / hAsya rasa se saGkulita, khaNDamAtrA, dvipadikA aura bhagnatAla gItoM se yukta, varNamAtrA aura chagaNikA chandoM se yukta, zRGgArabhASita se sampanna tathA udAtta nAyaka aura nAyikA se yukta hotA hai-kAvyamArabhaTIhInamekAGka haasysngkulm| khnnddmaatraadvipdikaabhgntaalairlngkRtm| varNamAtrAchagaNikAyutaM zRGgArabhASitam / netA strI cApyudAttAtra sandhI Adyau tathAntimaH / isakA udAharaNa yAdavodaya: hai| (6/288-89) kAvyalakSaNam-vedAdi ke hote hue bhI kAvya se hI caturvarga kI prApti kA samarthana AcArya vizvanAtha ne kiyA hai, ataH usake svarUpa kA nirUpaNa bhI sarvathA prAsaGgika hI hai parantu apanA kAvyalakSaNa prastuta karane se pUrva apane se pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke mata kI samIkSA karanA bhI Avazyaka hai kyoMki yadi unhIM ke dvArA pradatta lakSaNa nirduSTa haiM to phira eka navIna lakSaNa prastuta karane kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai, ata: svAbhimata prastuta karane se pUrva mammaTa Adi AcAryoM ke kAvyalakSaNa, jo usa samaya taka paryApta prasiddhi ko prApta kara cuke the, kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama mammaTa ke dvArA pradatta lakSaNa" tadadoSau zabdArthau saguNAvanalaGkRtI puna: kvApi " meM pratipada dUSaNatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta lakSaNa meM 'adoSau' pada ke viSaya meM AcArya vizvanAtha kA kana hai ki yadi sarvathA doSarahita racanA meM hI kAvyatva svIkAra kiyA

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kAvyalakSaNam 54 kAvyalakSaNam jAye to nyakkAro hyayameva me0 ityAdi padya vidheyAvimarzadoSa se yukta hone ke kAraNa kAvya nahIM rahegA parantu dhvani kA sadbhAva hone ke kAraNa ise uttama kAvya kA nidarzana mAnA jAtA hai| ataH yaha lakSaNa apane hI lakSya meM gatArtha na ho pAne ke kAraNa avyApti doSa se dUSita hai| isake samAdhAna meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki isa zloka kA kucha bhAga hI dUSita hai, sArA padya nahIM, ataH jahA~ dhvani hai use uttama kAvya tathA jisa aMza meM doSa hai, use akAvya mAna liyA jAye kyoMki aisI sthiti meM to yaha donoM ora se khIMcA jAtA huA kAvya athavA akAvya kucha bhI na rhegaa| dUsare, zrutiduSTAdi kAvya ke kisI eka aMza ko dUSita nahIM karate apitu samagra kAvya ko hI dUSita karate haiM kyoMki doSa vahI hai jo kAvyAtmabhUta rasa kA apakarSa kare aura rasa AtmA kI taraha sAre kAvya meM vyApta rahatA hai| jo doSa kAvyAtmabhUta rasa ko dUSita karate haiM unase sAre kAvya kA hI dUSaNa hotA hai, usake kisI eka aMza kA nahIM / kAvya meM nityadoSa aura anityadoSa kI vyavasthA kA AdhAra bhI yahI hai / dhvanikAra Anandavardhana ne kahA hai ki zrutiduSTa Adi anitya doSa haiM kyoMki ye zRGgArAdi rasoM kA hI apakarSa karate haiM parantu vIrAdi rasoM meM isa prakAra kI racanA guNa hI hai| isa prakAra jahA~ kahIM doSa se rasa kA apakarSa hotA hai vahA~ sampUrNa kAvya hI dUSita hotA hai, usakA koI aMzamAtra nhiiN| isake atirikta sarvathA doSarahita racanA kA milanA asambhava hI hai / lakSaNavAkya meM aisA vizeSaNa rakhane se to kAvya kA viSaya hI atyanta virala ho jAyegA / adauSau pada meM sthita naJ ko ISadarthaka mAnane para 'ISad doSau zabdArthoM kAvyam' yaha vAkya banegA, ataH sarvathA nirdoSa racanA kAvyatva se vaJcita ho jAyegI / 'sati sambhave' pada kA niveza karake, doSoM kI sambhAvanA hone para ISad doSa vAle zabdArtha kAvya hoM yaha mata bhI AcArya vizvanAtha ko amAnya hai| vastutaH kAvyalakSaNa meM to 'adoSau' vizeSaNa kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai kyoMki doSa kAvya ke svarUpa kA AdhAna nahIM karate, yaha to kAvyatva se pUrva kI anuvIkSA hai| yaha kAvya kA pariharaNIya tattva hai, usakA AdhAyaka nhiiN| ataeva vAmana ne 'kAvyazabdo'yaM guNAlaGkArasaMskRtayoH zabdArthayorvartate', aisA kahate hue doSoM ko kAvyalakSaNa meM sthAna nahIM diyA

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SS kAvyalakSaNam kAvyalakSaNam thaa| doSoM kI sthiti to kAvya meM usI prakAra kI hai jisa prakAra ratnAdi meM kITAnavedha Adi ko pariharaNIya mAnA jAtA hai| kITAnuviddha ratna ratnatva se cyuta nahIM ho jAtA apitu usakI upAdeyatA meM tAratamya ho jAtA hai-kITAnuviddharatnAdisAdhAraNyena kaavytaa| duSTeSvapi matA yatra rasAyanugamaH sphuttH|| isa prakAra 'adoSau' pada ke prayoga se lakSaNa meM avyApti doSa A jAtA hai| zabdArtha kA saguNatva vizeSaNa bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai kyoMki guNa rasa ke dharma haiM, zabdArtha ke nhiiN| svayam AcArya mammaTa ne "ye rasasyAGgino dharmAH zauryAdaya ivAtmanaH," aisA spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai| svAzrayarasAbhivyaJjakatvasambandha se zabdArtha meM bhI upacAra se guNoM kI sthiti hone para bhI isa prakAra kA vizeSaNa sarvathA upayukta nahIM hai kyoMki zabdArtha meM yadi rasa hai to guNa bhI avazya hoMge aura yadi rasa vahA~ nahIM hai to guNa bhI nahIM hoMge kyoMki guNa anvayavyatireka se rasa kA anugamana karate haiN| yadi isa vizeSaNa ke dvArA kAvya kA rasavattva hI pratipAdita karanA hai to phira sAkSAt 'rasavantau' pada kA hI prayoga karanA cAhie kyoMki lakSaNavAkya avazya hI spaSTa honA caahie| 'prANimanto dezAH' ke sthAna para 'zauryAdaminto dezAH' vAkya kA prayoga nahIM hI kiyA jaataa| yadi isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kAvya meM guNAbhivyaJjaka zabdArtha kA prayoga kiyA jAnA cAhie to kAvyasvarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue isakA kathana samucita nahIM hai kyoMki guNa kAvya meM utkarSa kA AdhAna karate haiM, ve isake svarUpAdhAyaka nahIM haiN| zabdArtha kAvya ke zarIra haiM, rasAdi usakI AtmA, guNa zauryAdi ke samAna, doSa kANatvAdi ke samAna, rItiyA~ avayavasaMsthAna ke samAna tathA alaGkAra kaTakakuNDalAdi ke samAna haiN| isa vivecana se mammaTa ke hI kAvyalakSaNa kA eka anya vizeSaNa "analaGkRtI punaH kvApi" bhI apAsta ho jAtA hai kyoMki alaGkRta zabdArtha bhI kAvya ke utkarSaka mAtra haiM, ve usake svarUpa ko niSpanna nahIM krte| isa sandarbha meM kA.pra.kAra ne asphuTAlaGkAra kA jo udAharaNa-yaH kaumArahara: Adi diyA hai usameM bhI vibhAvanAvizeSoktimUlaka sandehasaGkarAlaGkAra sphuTa hai| navInatArUpa kAraNa ke na hone para bhI utkaNThArUpa kArya kI utpatti hone ke kAraNa yahA~ vibhAvanA tathA

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56 kAvyalakSaNam kAvyalakSaNam anavInatArUpa kAraNa ke hone para bhI utkaNThAbhAvarUpa kArya kI utpatti na hone ke kAraNa vizeSokti kA lakSaNa bhI upalabdha hai parantu inameM se kisI eka kA nirNAyaka hetu upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa tanmUlaka sandehasaGkarAlaGkAra hai| ____ isI se kuntakAcArya ke "vakroktiH kAvyajIvitam" kA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai kyoMki vakrokti bhI vastutaH eka alaGkAra hI hai| isI grantha se sa.ka. Adi granthoM ke "adoSaM gunnvtkaavymlngkaarairlngkRtm| rsaanvitm...||" Adi lakSaNa bhI khaNDita ho jAte haiN| vAmana kA lakSaNa "rItirAtmA kAvyasya" bhI ataeva asvIkArya hai| mA.da.kAra ke samakSa kAvya kA eka anya prasiddha Atmaparaka lakSaNa AcArya Anandavardhana kA thA jo dhvani ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnate the-kAvyasyAtmA dhvniH| parantu vastvalaGkArarasarUpa trividha dhvani ko yadi kAvya kI AtmA mAnA jAye to prahelikA Adi meM bhI kAvya kA lakSaNa ativyApta ho jAyegA kyoMki prahelikA meM bhI vastudhvani hotI hI hai aura yadi rasadhvani ko hI kAvya kI AtmA mAnA jAye to koI vipratipatti hI nahIM hai, siddhAntI kI bhI yahI pratijJA hai| zvazrUratra nimajjati Adi padyoM meM to kAvyavyavahAra rasAbhAsa se yukta hone ke kAraNa banatA hai| vastumAtra ke vyaGgya hone para to 'devadatto grAmaM yAti' ityAdi vAkya bhI kAvya ho jAyegA kyoMki yahA~ bhI taddhRtyAnugamanarUpa vastu dhvanita ho rahI hai parantu rasavattva kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa use kAvya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| bharatamuni Adi cirantana AcAryoM ke aneka kathana yahA~ pramANarUpa meM uddhRta kiye jA sakate haiN| rasAsvAdanapurassara kAntAsammita paddhati se kRtya aura akRtya meM pravRtti athavA nivRtti ke upadeza dvArA vedazAstra vimukha, sukumAramati rAjaputrAdikoM ko zikSita karanA kAvya kA prayojana hai| a.pu. meM "vAgvaidagdhyapradhAne'pi rasa evAtra jIvitam" kathana ke dvArA isakA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| vya.vi.kAra mahimabhaTTa ke anusAra bhI rasa ke kAvyAtma hone ke viSaya meM koI vimati nahIM hai-kAvyasyAtmani saMjJini rasAdirUpe na ksycidvimtiH| svayaM dhvanikAra ne eka sthala para kahA hai ki kevala itivRttamAtra ke nirvAha se kavitva niSpanna nahIM ho jAtA kyoMki yaha to itihAsAdi se bhI siddha ho jAtA hai-na hi kveritivRttmaatrnirvaahnnaatmlaabhH|

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kAvyalakSaNam kAvyalakSaNam itihAsAdereva ttsiddheH| dhvanikAra ne vAcya tathA pratIyamAna ke rUpa meM jo kAvya ke do bheda kiye haiM, unameM se vAcyAtmatva kA nirasana unhIM ke siddhAnta 'kAvyasyAtmA dhvaniH' se ho jAtA hai| uparyukta rIti se pUrvAcAryoM ke dvArA pratipAdita pramukha kAvyalakSaNoM kA nirasana ho jAtA hai| vizeSa rUpa se AcArya mammaTa ke dvArA pradatta paribhASA kA khaNDana atyanta sannaddhatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai parantu ye tarka bhI kA.pra. kI hI eka TIkA se uddhRta kiye gaye haiM jisake lekhaka AcArya caNDIdAsa haiN| yahA~ 'zabdArthoM' ke pratyeka vizeSaNa meM dUSaNayatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai parantu isa vizeSyapada kA koI UhApoha nahIM kiyA gayA yadyapi yaha prazna saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM prArambha se hI atyanta vivAdagrasta rahA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya AcArya sundara padavinyAsa meM hI kAvyatva mAnate rahe haiM jisakA prabala samarthana paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne bhI kiyA hai tathA svayam AcArya vizvanAtha ke lakSaNa meM bhI isake lie 'vAkya' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa viSaya para eka mahattvapUrNa zAstrArtha sA.da. meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| astu| _apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke lakSaNa meM dUSaNatA kA pratipAdana karane ke anantara AcArya vizvanAtha ne svAbhimata kAvya kA lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai-vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kaavym| isa lakSaNa meM 'kAvyam' yaha lakSya pada tathA 'vAkyam' lakSaNa pada hai jisakA vizeSaNa hai-rasAtmakam arthAt rasa jisakA AtmA arthAt sArarUpa hone ke kAraNa jIvanAdhAyaka hai| yahA~ 'rasyate iti rasaH' isa vyutpatti se rasa, bhAva, tadAbhAsAdi AThoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha kA yaha lakSaNa kAvya kI Atmaparaka paribhASA hai| rasa ko AtmasthAnIya mAnakara tathA use kAvyalakSaNa meM sthAna dekara unhoMne rasa ko sarvAdhika gaurava pradAna kiyA hai| rasa kAvya kI AtmA hai to vAkya usakA shriir| doSa kANatva, khaJjatva Adi ke samAna pahale zarIra ko dUSita karate hue pazcAt usameM rahane vAle rasarUpa AtmA kI hInatA ko sUcita karate haiN-dossaastsyaapkrsskaaH| guNa, alaGkAra aura rItiyA~ kAvya ke utkarSaka hetu haiM-utkarSahetavaH proktA gunnaalngkaarriityH| guNa zauryAdi ke samAna, alaGkAra kaTakakuNDalAdi ke samAna tathA rItiyA~ avayavasaMsthAna kI taraha haiN| ye bhI

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kAvyaliGgama 58 kilakiJcitam zarIrasthAnIya zabda ke dvArA AtmasthAnIya rasa kA utkarSa sUcita karate haiN| guNa yadyapi rasa ke dharma haiM tathApi uparyukta kArikA meM guNAbhivyaJjaka zabda aura artha kA bodha bhI guNa zabda se lakSaNA ke dvArA hotA hai| (1/3) ___ kAvyaliGgam-eka arthaalngkaar| vAkyArtha athavA padArtha yadi kisI kA hetu ho to kAvyaliGga alaGkAra hotA hai-hetorvAkyapadArthatve kAvyaliGga nigdyte| ina donoM prakAroM ke udAharaNa kramazaH isa prakAra haiM-(1) yattvannetrasamAnakAntisalile magnaM tadindIvaraM, medhairantaritaH priye tava mukhacchAyAnukArI shshii| ye'pi tvadgamanAnusArigatayaste rAjahaMsA gatAstvatsAdRzyavinodamAtramapi me daivena na kssmyte|| tathA (2) tvdvaajiraajinibhRtdhuuliipttlpngkilaam| na dhatte zirasA gaGgAM bhUribhArabhiyA hrH|| prathama zloka meM prathama tIna caraNoM ke vAkya caturtha caraNa ke vAkya ke prati hetu haiM tathA dvitIya zloka meM pUrvArdha kA pada uttarArdha ke prati hetu hai| kucha AcArya kAryakAraNarUpa arthAntaranyAsa ko vAkyArthagata kAvyaliGga meM hI gatArtha mAnate haiN| AcArya vizvanAtha ko yaha abhimata nahIM hai| jJApaka, niSpAdaka aura samarthaka ke rUpa meM hetu tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| inameM se jJApaka hetu anumAna kA, niSpAdaka kAvyaliGga kA tathA samarthaka hetu arthAntaranyAsa kA viSaya hai| (10/81) kAvyasaMhAraH-nirvahaNasandhi kA eka angg| nAyakAdi ko varadAna kI prApti kAvyasaMhAra kahI jAtI hai-varapradAnasamprAptiH kAvyasaMhAra issyte| yathA nATaka ke anta meM prAyaH sarvatra 'kiM te bhUyaH priyamupakaromi' Adi kthn| (6/136) __kilakiJcitam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| priya ke milane se utpanna harSa se muskurAhaTa, zuSkarudita, hasita, bhaya, krodha, zramAdi kA saGkara kilakiJcit kahalAtA hai-smitshusskrudithsittraaskrodhshrmaadiinaam| sAGkarya kilkinycitmbhiisstttmsNgmaadijaaddhrssaat|| yathA-pANirodhamavarodhitavAJcha bhartsanAzca mdhursmitgrbhaaH| kAminaH sma kurute karabhorUhari zuSkaruditaM ca sukhe'pi|| (3/118)

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keliH 59 kuTTamitam kuTTamitam - nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / keza, stana, adharAdi ke grahaNa karane para harSa hone para bhI ghabarAhaTa ke kAraNa zira, kara Adi ke paricAlana ko kuTTamita kahate haiM - kezastanAdharAdInAM grahe harSe'pi smbhrmaat| AhuH kuTTamitaM nAma ziraH karavidhUnanam / yathA- pallavopamiti sAmyasapakSaM daSTavatyadharabimbamabhISTe / paryakUji sarujeva taruNyAstAralolavalayena kareNa || priya ke adharapallava para dantakSata ko dekhakara usakA sapakSI karapallava kaGkaNa kI dhvani ke mAdhyama se mAno kUjana karane lagA / (3/120) kutUhalam - nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / sundara vastu ko dekhakara caJcala honA kutUhala kahalAtA hai- ramyavastusamAloke lolatA syaatkutuuhlm| yathA-prasAdhikAlambitamagrapAdamAkSipya kAcidravarAgameva / utsRSTalIlAgatirAgavAkSAdalaktakAGkAM padavIM tatAna / / yaha aja ke purI meM praviSTa hone para use dekhane ke kautUhala se yukta nAyikA kA varNana hai jo mahAvara lage gIle hI paira ko jhaTakakara jharokhe taka calI gayI aura isa prakAra sAre mArga ko lAkSArasa se aGkita kara diyA / ( 3 / 128) kulakam - jahA~ vAkyArtha kI parisamApti pA~ca padyoM meM hotI hai use kulaka kahate haiM - paJcabhiH kulakaM matam / (6/302) kusumbharAgaH- pUrvarAga kA eka prakAra / jo prema bahuta adhika camaka dikhAye parantu dhIre-dhIre jAtA bhI rahe, vaha kusumbharAga hotA hai - kusumbharAgaM tatprAhuryadapaiti ca zobhate / (3/202) kRti : - nirvahaNasandhi kA eka aGga / prApta kiye gaye artha ke dvArA zokAdi kA zamana kRti kahA jAtA hai- labdhArthazamanaM kRtiH / yathA, ve.saM. meM kRSNa kI " ete bhagavanto vyAsavAlmIkiprabhRtayo'bhiSekaM dhArayanti" isa ukti meM abhiSeka se sthiratA kI sUcanA dI gayI hai| (6/129) kRzatA - pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI caturtha dazA / virahajanya santApa meM aGgoM kA kRza ho jAnA kRzatA nAmaka kAmadazA hai| (3/211) keliH - nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / priya ke sAtha vihAra meM krIDA ko keli kahA jAtA hai-vihAre saha kAntena krIDitaM kelirucyate /

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60 kaizikI krodhaH yathA-vyapohituM locanato mukhAnilairapArayantaM kila puSpajaM rjH| payodhareNorasi kAcidunmanAH priyaM jghaanonntpiivrstnii|| (3/131) kaizikI-eka naattyvRtti| kaizikI pradhAnataH zarIravyApArarUpA vRtti hai jisakI utpatti sAmaveda se huii| viSNu ne yuddha meM vicitra aGgavikSepoM se apane kezoM ko bA~dhA to kaizikI vRtti kI utpatti huI, ataeva isakA sambandha nATya meM saundarya aura lAlitya ko utpanna karane vAle vyApAroM se hai| yaha manoraJjaka nepathyavidhAna se yukta, striyoM se vyApta, nRtya aura gIta se paripUrNa, kAma aura upabhoga ko utpanna karane vAle upacAra se yukta, sundara vilAsoM se yukta vRtti kaizikI kahI jAtI hai-yA zlakSNA nepathyavizeSacitrA strIsaGkulA pussklnRtygiitaa| kAmopabhogaprabhavopacArA sA kaizikI cAruvilAsayuktA / / isake cAra aGga haiM-narma, narmasphUrja, narmasphoTa aura narmagarbhI (6/144) koSaH-kAvya kA eka prkaar| paraspara nirapekSa zlokasamUha ko koSa kahate haiM-koSaH zlokasamUhastu syaadnyonyaanpeksskH| isakA udAharaNa muktAvalI hai| isa prakAra yaha muktaka chandoM kA saGgraha hai jo AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra eka athavA aneka kavioM ke dvArA racita bhI ho sakatA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha kA kathana hai ki yadi isameM samAna viSaya vAle zlokoM ko eka sthala para sanniviSTa kiyA jAye to vaha atyanta sundara hotA hai-vrajyAkrameNaracitaH sa evaatimnormH| (6/309) kramaH-garbhasandhi kA eka angg| anya ke bhAva kA jJAna prApta karanA krama kahA jAtA hai-bhAvatattvopalabdhistu kramaH syaat| yathA, a.zA. meM duSyanta kA virahagIta kI racanA karatI huI zakuntalA ko dekhakara yaha kathana-sthAne khalu vismitanimiSeNa cakSuSA priyaamvlokyaami| tathA hi--unnamitaikadhUlatamAnanamasyAH padAni rcyntyaaH| pulakAJcitena kathayati mayyanurAgaM kpolen|| (6/100) krodhaH-raudra rasa kA sthaayiibhaav| pratyeka pratikUla vRtti kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM tIkSNatA kA avabodhaka bhAva krodha kahA jAtA hai-pratikUleSu taikSNyasyAvabodhakaH krodha issyte| (3/186)

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61 kliSTam khaNDakAvyam kliSTam-eka kaavydoss| artha kI pratIti meM vyavadhAna kA upasthita ho jAnA kliSTa doSa kahA jAtA hai-klissttmrthprtiitervyvhittvm| yathA-kSIrodajAvasatijanmabhuvaH prsnnaaH| kSIroda-kSIrasAgara, usameM utpanna strI lakSmI, usake nivAsasthAna kamala kI janmabhUmi jala prasanna haiN| jalarUpa artha ko batAne ke lie 'kSIrodajAvasatijanmabhuvaH' zabda kA prayoga kliSTa hai| yaha padadoSa samAsa meM hI hotA hai| yaha doSa vAkya meM bhI rahatA hai, yathA-dhammilasya na kasya prekSya nikAmaM kurnggshaavaakssyaaH| rajjyatyapUrvabandhavyutpattermAnasaM shobhaam|| yahA~ aneka padoM kA sambandha jo dUra-dUra sthita hai, klezapUrvaka sthApita karanA par3atA hai| jahA~ arthapratIti atyanta kaSTakara ho vahA~ arthagata kaSTatva doSa hotA hai| yathA-varSatyetadaharpati na tu ghano dhAmasthamacchaM payaH, satyaM sA savituH sutA surasaritpUro yathA plaavitH| vyAsasyoktiSu vizvasatyapi na kaH zraddhA na kasya zrutau, na pratyeti tathApi mugdhahariNI bhaasvnmriicissvpH|| (7/3, 4, 5) kSipti:-garbhasandhi kA eka angg| rahasya ke bhedana ko kSipti kahate hai-rahasyArthasya tUi~daH kSiptiH syaat| yathA ve.saM. meM, ekasyaiva vipAko'yaM dAruNo bhuvi vrtte| kezagrahe dvitIye'smin nUnaM niHzeSitAH prjaaH|| yaha ukti|| (6/104) kSomaH-eka naattyaalngkaar| AkSepakArI vacana kahalAne vAle cittavikSobha ko kSobha kahate haiM-adhikSepavaca:kArI kSobhaH proktaH sa eva tu| yathA-tvayA tapasvicANDAla prcchnnvdhvrtinaa| na kevalaM hato vAlI svAtmA ca prlokt:|| rAma ke prati kahA gayA rAvaNa kA yaha vAkya kSobha kA udAharaNa hai| (6/217) khaNDakAvyama-kAvya kA eka bhed| kAvya ke eka bhAga kA anusaraNa karane vAlI racanA khaNDakAvya kahI jAtI hai-khaNDakAvyaM bhavetkAvyasyaikadezAnusAri c| mahAkAvya meM jahA~ sampUrNa jIvana kA varNana hotA hai, yahA~ kevala usakI eka ghaTanA athavA eka pakSa kA hI nirUpaNa sambhava ho pAtA hai| isakA AkAra laghu hotA hai tathA sabhI nATyasandhiyoM kA bhI nirvAha nahIM hotaa| yathA meghduutm| (6/308)

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khaNDitA 62 gaNDam khaNDitA - nAyikA kA eka bheda / anya strI ke sambhoga se cihnita hokara nAyaka jisake pAsa jAye, vaha IrSyA se kaluSita nAyikA khaNDitA kahI jAtI hai - pArzvameti priyo yasya anyasambhogacihnitaH / sA khaNDiteti kathitA dhIrairIrSyAkaSAyitA / / yathA - tadavitathamavAdIryanmama tvaM priyeti, priyajanaparibhuktaM yadukUlaM vasAnaH / madadhivasatimAgA: kAminAM maNDana zrIrvrajati hi saphalatvaM vallabhAlokanena / / yahA~ anya strI ke dukUla ko dhAraNa karake nAyaka khaNDitA nAyikA ke pAsa gayA hai| ( 3/89) khedaH - vimarzasandhi kA eka aGga / mana tathA zarIra se utpanna zrama kheda nAma se kahA jAtA hai - manazceSTAsamutpannaH zramaH kheda iti smRtaH / yathA - mA. mA. meM prApya padya - dalati hRdayaM gAr3hodvego dvidhA na tu bhidyate, vahati vikalaH kAyo mohaM na muJcati cetanAm / jvalayati tanUmantardAhaH karoti na bhasmasAt, praharati vidhirmarmacchedI na kRntati jIvitam / / yaha padya manaH samutpanna kheda kA udAharaNa hai| ceSTAsamutpanna kheda kA udAharaNa a.zA. meM vRkSoM ke secana se thakI huI zakuntalA ke varNana meM hai / (6/117) khyAtiviruddham - eka kAvyadoSa / jahA~ lokaprasiddhi ke viruddha bAta kahI jAye vahA~ khyAtiviruddha doSa hotA hai| yathA - tatazcacAra samare sitazUladharo hariH / viSNu kA zUladhAraNa loka meM prasiddha nahIM hai, jaisA ki yahA~ varNita huA hai| yathA vA, pAdAghAtAdazokaste snyjaataangkurknnttkH| yaha kathana kavisamayakhyAtiviruddha hai kyoMki striyoM ke pAdAghAta se azoka para puSpa Ate haiM, aGkura aura kaNTaka nahIM / kavisampradAya meM jo bAteM prasiddha hotI haiM, unameM khyAtaviruddhatA guNa hI hotI hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) gaNDam-eka vIthyaGga / prastuta viSaya se sambandha rakhane vAlA tvarAyukta anyArthaka vAkya gaNDa kahalAtA hai - gaNDaM prastutasambandhi bhinnArthaM satvaraM vacaH / yathA ve.saM. meM duryodhana rAnI se jyoM hI 'adhyAsitaM tava cirAjjaghanasthalasya paryAptameva karabhoru mamoruyugmam" aisA kahatA hai, usI samaya kaJcukI '"deva! bhagnaM bhagnam " isa prakAra kahatA huA praveza karatA hai| yadyapi usakA Azaya ratha kI dhvajA ke bhaGga hone se hai tathApi vaha 44

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63 gadyam garbhitatA ukti urubhaGga ke artha ke sAtha sambaddha ho jAtI hai| pAzcAtya nATakoM meM isI prakAra kI sthiti ko Dramatic Irony kahA jAtA hai| (6/270) gadyam-kAvya kA eka prkaar| chanda ke bandhana se mukta racanA gadya kahI jAtI hai-vRttagandhojjhitaM gdym| usameM yadyapi chanda kA Agraha nahIM hotA tathApi vAmana ne ise padya kI apekSA durbandha mAnA thaa| yaha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai-muktaka, vRttagandhi, utkalikAprAya aura cuurnnk| garbha:-tRtIya sndhi| mukha aura pratimukha sandhiyoM meM kiJcit prakaTa hue phalapradhAna upAya kA jahA~ hrAsa aura anveSaNa se yukta vikAsa bAra-bAra pradarzita kiyA jAye vahA~ garbha nAmaka sandhi hotI hai-phalapradhAnopAyasya BSCRITICIS ma prAgudbhinnasya kinycn| garbho yatra samudbhedo hraasaanvessnnvaanmuhuH|| kathAnaka ke phala ko garbha ke samAna apane bhItara dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa isakI garbha saMjJA hai| ra.nA. ke dvitIya aura tRtIya aGka kI ghaTanAyeM garbhasandhi kA udAharaNa haiN| sA.da.kAra ke anusAra isake 13 aGga haiM-abhUtAharaNa, mArga, rUpa, udAharaNa, krama, saGgraha, anumAna, prArthanA, kSipti, toTaka, adhibala, udvega aura vidrv| inameM se prArthanA kA grahaNa una AcAryoM ke anurodha se kiyA gayA hai jo nirvahaNa sandhi meM prazasti ko sandhyaGga nahIM maante| da.rU.kAra ne yahA~ 12 aGga mAne haiM jinameM vidrava kI gaNanA nahIM kI gyii| kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra inameM se abhUtAharaNa, mArga, toTaka, adhibala, aura kSipti pramukha haiN| anyoM kI sthiti yAdRcchika hai| (6/65, 95) garbhAGkaH-rUpaka ke eka aGka ke madhya praviSTa dUsarA aGka garbhAGka kahA jAtA hai| raGgadvAra aura Amukha Adi isake aGga hote haiM tathA bIja aura phala kA bhI spaSTa AbhAsa hotA hai-aGkodarapraviSTo yo rnggdvaaraamukhaadimaan| aGko'paraH sa garbhAGkaH sabIjaH phlvaanpi| isakA udAharaNa bA.rA. kA sItAsvayaMvara nAmaka garbhAGka hai| (6/8) ___garmitatA-eka kaavydoss| yadi eka vAkya meM dUsarA vAkya anupraviSTa ho jAye to garbhitatva doSa hotA hai| yathA-ramaNe caraNaprAnte prnntiprvnne'dhunaa| vadAmi sakhi te tattvaM kadAcinnocitAH krudhH|| isa padya meM 'vadAmi sakhi te tattvam' yaha vAkyAntara bIca meM praviSTa ho gayA hai| kabhI-kabhI yaha guNarUpa bhI ho jAtA hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4)

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guNaH garvaH 64 garva:-eka vybhicaariibhaav| apane prabhAva, aizvarya, vidyA, kulInatA Adi se utpanna hone vAlA ghamaNDa garva kahA jAtA hai| anya janoM kI avajJA, vilAsasahita apane aGgoM kA pradarzana karanA (aMgUThA bhujA Adi kA dikhAnA) tathA avinaya isake anubhAva haiM-garvo madaH prbhaavshriividyaastkulaadijH| avidyA svilaasaanggdrshnaavimyaadikRt|| yathA-dhRtAyudho yAvadahaM tAvadanyaiH kimaayudhaiH| yadvA na siddhamastreNa mama tatkena saadhytaam|| isa padya meM karNa ke zauryajanita garva kA varNana hai| (3/160) garva:-eka naattyaalngkaar| ahaGkAra se nikale vAkya ko garva kahate haiM-garvo'valepajaM vaakym| yathA, a.zA. ke SaSThAGka meM duSyanta kI ukti, "mamApi tAvatsattvairabhibhUyante gRhA:"1(6/212) garhaNam-eka naattylkssnn| doSakathana karate samaya kI gayI bhartsanA ko garhaNa kahate haiM-dUSaNodghoSaNAyAM tu bhartsanA garhaNaM tu tt| yathA, ve.saM. meM karNa ke prati azvatthAmA kA yaha kathana-nirvIryaM guruzApabhASitavazAtkiM me tavevAyudham, sampratyeva bhayAd vihAya samaraM prApto'smi kiM tvaM ythaa| jAto'haM stutivaMzakIrtanavidAM kiM sArathInAM kule, kSudrArAtikRtApriya pratikaromyastreNa nAsreNa yt|| (6/197) gAmbhIryam-nAyaka kA sAttvika gunn| bhaya, zoka, krodha, harSAdi ke upasthita hone para bhI nirvikAra rahanA gAmbhIrya hai-bhIzokakrodhaharSAdyairgAmbhIrya nirvikaartaa| yathA-AhUtasyAbhiSekAya visRSTasya vanAya c| na mayA lakSitastasya svlpo'pyaakaarvibhrmH|| yahA~ rAma ke gAmbhIrya kA varNana hai| (3/65) guNaH-kAvya kA eka tttv| zaurya Adi jaise AtmA ke dharma haiM, usI prakAra aGgIrUpa rasa ke dharma guNa kahe jAte haiM-rasasyAGgitvamAptasya dharmAH zauryAdayo ythaa| gunnaaH....|| ye AtmabhUta rasa kA upakAra karate hue kAvya kA utkarSa siddha karate haiN| rasaniSTha hone ke kAraNa inakI kAvya meM acala sthiti hotI hai| guNa rasa ke dharma hote hue apane vyaJjaka vargoM meM bhI kAvyatva kI siddhi karate haiN| jaise zauryAdi AtmA ke dharma hote hue bhI lakSaNA se zarIra ke dharma mAne jAte haiM usI prakAra rasaniSTha hote hue bhI ye lakSaNA se zabdaguNa kahe jAte haiN|

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guNakathanam 65 guNAtizaya: ye guNa tIna haiM - mAdhurya, prasAda aura oja / prAcIna AcAryoM ke dvArA jo dazadaza zabda aura arthaguNoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, unameM se zleSa, prasAda, udAratA aura samAdhi nAmaka zabdaguNa oja meM antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| arthavyakti kA prasAda meM grahaNa ho jAtA hai| kAnti aura sukumAratA grAmya aura duHzravatva nAmaka doSoM ke parityAga se hI sampanna ho jAte haiM jabaki samatA to vAstava meM guNa na hokara doSarUpa hI hai / arthaguNoM meM prasAda, samatA, mAdhurya, sukumAratA, udAratA aura oja vAstava meM doSAbhAva rUpa hI haiN| arthavyakti kA svabhAvokti alaGkAra meM tathA kAnti kA rasAdi meM grahaNa ho jAtA hai| zleSa kevala vicitratAmAtra hI hai jabaki samAdhi koI guNa nahIM hai| isa prakAra vAstava meM kula tIna hI guNa niSpanna hote haiN| (8/1, 10-20) guNakathanam-- pUrvarAga meM kAma kI caturtha dazA / viyogadazA meM priya ke guNoM kA varNana guNakathana kahalAtA hai| yathA - netre khaJjanagaJjane sarasijapratyarthipANidvayaM, vakSojau karikumbhavibhramakarImatyunnatiM gcchtH| kAntiH kAJcanacampakapratinidhirvANI sudhAsyandinI, smerendIvaradAmasodaravapustasyAH kaTAkSacchaTA / / isa padya meM nAyikA ke saundaryAdi guNoM kA varNana huA hai| (3/195) guNakIrttanam - eka nATyalakSaNa / guNoM ke varNana ko guNakIrttana kahate haiM - guNAnAM varNanaM yattu tadeva guNakIrttanam / yathA ca. ka. nATikA meM yaha padya - netre khaJjanagaJjane sarasijapratyarthi pANidvayaM, vakSojau karikumbhavibhramakarImatyunnatiM gcchtH| kAntiH kAJcanacampakapratinidhirvANI sudhAsyandinI, smerendIvaradAmasodaravapustasyAH kaTAkSacchaTA / / (6/202) guNAtipAta : - eka nATyalakSaNa | guNoM ke viparIta kArya ko guNAtipAta kahate haiM - guNAtipAtaH kAryaM yadviparItaM guNAnprati / yathA ca.ka. nATikA ke isa padya-tvayA saMhriyate tamo gRhyate sakalaiste pAdaH / vasasi zirasi pazupatestathApi hA, striyA jIvanaM harasi / / meM strI ke jIvana kA haraNa candramA ke ukta guNoM ke viparIta hai / (6/186) guNAtizaya: - eka nATyalakSaNa | sAmAnya guNoM ke utkarSa ko guNAtizaya kahate haiM- yo'sAmAnyaguNodrekaH sa guNAtizayo mataH / ca.ka.

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66 geyapadam gauNIlakSaNA nATikA meM nAyikA ke mukha ko dekhakara rAjA kI yaha ukti-asAvantazcaJcadvikacanavanIlAbjayugalastalasphUrjatkamburvilasadalisaGghAta upri| vinA doSAsaGgaM satataparipUrNAkhilakalaH, kutaH prAptazcandro vigalitakalaGkaH sumukhi te|| (6/187) geyapadam-eka laasyaangg| vINA Adi ko Age rakhakara Asanastha puruSa athavA strI ke zuSka gAna ko geyapada kahate haiM-tantrIbhANDaM puraskRtyopaviSTasyAsane purH| zuSkaM gAnaM geypdm|| yathA, gaurIgRha meM vINA ke sAtha malayavatI kA yaha gaan-utphullkmlkesrpraaggaurdyute| mama hi gauri! abhivAJchitaM prasidhyatu bhagavati yussmtprsaaden|| (6/242) gotraskhalanam-nAyaka ke mukha se nAyikA ke sAmane acAnaka kisI anya nAyikA kA nAma nikala jAnA gotraskhalana kahA jAtA hai| ____ goSThI-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| goSThI ekAGkI uparUpaka hai| isameM garbha aura vimarza sandhiyoM kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| yaha nau athavA daza prAkRta puruSoM tathA pA~ca athavA cha: striyoM se yukta hotI hai| kaizikI vRtti aura kAma tathA zRGgAra pradhAna hote haiN| isameM udAtta vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM hotA-prAkRtairnavabhiH puNbhirdshbhirvaapylngkRtaa| nodAttavacanA goSThI kaizikI vRttishaalinii| hInA garbhavimarzAbhyAM pnycssddyossidnvitaa| kAmazRGgArasaMyuktA syaadekaangkvinirmitaa|| yathA, raivtmdnikaa| (6/283) gauDI-rIti kA eka prkaar| oja guNa ko prakAzita karane vAle varNoM se yukta udbhaTa bandha tathA dIrgha samAsoM se yukta racanA gauDI kahI jAtI hai-ojaH prakAzakairvarNaiH racanA llitaatmikaa| samAsabahulA gauddii| AcArya puruSottama ne isameM anuprAsa, yamakAdi zabdAlaGkAroM ke prayoga para bhI bala diyA hai| yathA-caJcadbhujabhramitacaNDagadAbhighAtasaJcUrNitoruyugalasya suyodhnsy| styAnAvanaddhaghanazoNitazoNapANiruttaMsayiSyati kacAMstava devi bhiimH|| (9/4) gauNIlakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bhed| cAra prakAra kI sAropA tathA cAra prakAra kI sAdhyavasAnA, yaha ATha prakAra kI lakSaNA sAdRzyasambandha se yukta hone para gauNa kahI jAtI hai--sAdRzyAttu matA gaunnyH| isa prakAra gauNI lakSaNA ATha prakAra kI hotI hai-(1) rUr3hiupAdAnasAropAgauNI--etAni tailAni hemante

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gauNIlakSaNA 67 gauNIlakSaNA sukhAni - tila ke atirikta sarasoM Adi ke sneha meM bhI taila zabda rUr3ha hai, ataH rUr3hilakSaNA hai| tilabhava sneha ke sAtha-sAtha sarasoM Adi ke sneha kA bhI upAdAna hone se upAdAnalakSaNA hai| 'etat ' zabda se viSaya kA nirdeza hone ke kAraNa sAropA hai tathA tilabhava taila kA anya tailoM ke sAtha sAdRzya pratipAdita hone ke kAraNa gauNI lakSaNA hai| (2) rUr3hilakSaNa sAropAgauNI - rAjA gauDendraH kaNTakaM zodhayati / yahA~ 'kaNTaka' zabda kSudra zatru ke artha meM rUr3ha hai tathA isa vAkya meM kSudra zatrurUpa artha kA upalakSaNamAtra hai, ataH lakSaNalakSaNA bhI hai| gauDendra zabda se viSaya kA pRthak nirdeza hone ke kAraNa sAropA tathA kaNTaka zabda kA kA~Te kI taraha duHkha dene vAle kSudra zatru ke sAtha sAdRzya sambandha hai, ataH gauNI bhI hai| (3) rUr3hiupAdAna sAdhyavasAnAgauNI-tailAni hemante sukhAni / isakA vaiziSTya prathama udAharaNa ke hI samAna hai, kevala etat pada se viSaya kA pRthak nirdeza na hone ke kAraNa yaha sAdhyavasAnA hai| (4) rUr3hilakSaNasAdhyavasAnAgauNI - rAjA kaNTakaM shodhyti| isakA dvitIya udAharaNa se kevala itanA hI vaiziSTya hai ki yahA~ 'gauDendra' zabda se viSaya kA pRthak nirdeza nahIM hai| (5) prayojana upAdAnasAropAgauNI - ete rAjakumArA gacchanti / eka rAjakumAra ke sAtha usake sadRza anya kumAroM ke gamana karane para yaha vAkya prayukta huA hai| anya kumAroM kA bhI rAjakumAra ke tulya hI vaiziSTyapratipAdana isa lakSaNA kA prayojana hai| rAjakumAroM ke sAtha anya kumAroM kA bhI upAdAna hotA hai tathA etat pada se viSaya kA pRthak nirdeza hone se Aropa bhI hai| rAjakumAra kA anya kumAroM ke sAtha sAdRzya bhI pratipAdita hotA hai, ata: gauNI lakSaNA bhI hai| (6) prayojanalakSaNasAropAgauNI - gaurvAhIkaH / vAhIka meM gau ke samAna jADyamAndya Adi kI pratIti karAnA isakA prayojana hai| gau pada jADyamAndya Adi guNoM kA upalakSaNa mAtra hai tathA vAhIka pada se viSaya kA pRthak nirdeza hone ke kAraNa Aropa bhI hai| gau kA vAhIka ke sAtha sAdRzyasambandha pratipAdita hone ke kAraNa gauNI bhI hai| (7) prayojanaupAdAnasAdhyavasAnAgauNI - rAjakumArA gcchnti| paJcama udAharaNa se isakA vaiziSTya kevala itanA hai ki yahA~ etat pada se viSaya kA pRthak nirdeza nahIM hai| (8) prayojanalakSaNasAdhyavasAnAgauNIgaurjalpati / vAhIka rUpa viSaya kA pRthak nirdeza na hone se yaha sAdhyavasAnA

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grathanam 68 glAniH hai, zeSa vaiziSTya SaSTha udAharaNa ke hI samAna hai| kevala 'gauH' kahane se lakSaNA kI pratIti nahIM hotI ataeva 'jalpati' isa kriyApada kA bhI nirdeza hai| jalpana kriyA kA gau: ke sAtha artha upapanna nahIM hotA, ata: mukhyArthabAdha hotA hai| sAdRzyasambandha se gozabda vAhIka artha meM svayaM ko samarpita kara detA hai, ataH yaha lakSaNA kA udAharaNa banatA hai| guNoM (jaDatvAdi) kA yoga (sambandha) hone ke kAraNa isakI gauNI saMjJA anvarthikA hai| upacAra hI gauNIlakSaNA kA mUla hai jahA~ sAdRzyAtizaya ke kAraNa do nitAnta asambaddha padArthoM meM bhedapratIti nahIM rhtii| yathA-agnirmANavakaH, isa udAharaNa meM paraspara atyanta asambaddha agni aura bAlaka meM guNoM ke sAdRzya ke kAraNa bheda kI pratIti daba gayI hai| 'zuklaH paTaH' meM zukla aura paTa bhinna hokara bhI nitAnta asambaddha nahIM haiM, ataH yahA~ zuddhA lakSaNA hai| (2/14) grathanam-nirvahaNa sandhi kA eka angg| kArya ke upakSepa ko grathana kahate haiM-upanyAsastu kAryANAM grthnm| ve.saM. meM bhIma kA pAJcAlI ke prati "pAJcAli! na khalu mayi jIvati saMharttavyA duHzAsanavilulitA venniraatmpaannibhyaam| tiSTha svayamevAhaM saMharAmIti", yaha kathana isakA udAharaNa hai kyoMki isake dvArA kArya kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai| (6/126) grathanama-zilpaka kA eka angg| grAmyam-eka kaavydoss| jo zabda asabhya puruSoM meM vyavahata hote haiM, ve grAmya kahe jAte haiN| yathA 'kaTiste harate manaH', yahA~ kaTi zabda kA prayoga grAmya hai| adhama koTi ke pAtroM kI uktiyoM meM yaha doSa nahIM hotaa| 'svapihi tvaM samIpe meM svapimyevAdhunA priye', yahA~ artha grAmya hai| (7/3, 5) glAniH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| rati, parizrama, manastApa, kSudhA, pyAsa Adi se utpanna nirbalatA ko glAni kahate haiN| isameM kampana. kArya ke prati anutsAha Adi hote haiN-rtyaayaasmnstaapkssutpipaasaadismbhvaa| glaanirnisspraanntaakmpkaaryaanutsaahtaadikRt|| yathA-kisalayamiva mugdhaM bandhanAd vipralUna, hRdayakusumazoSI dAruNo diirghshokH| glapayati paripANDu kSAmamasyAH

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cakitam carvaNA zarIraM. zaradija iva dharmaH ketkiigrbhptrm|| yahA~ rAma dvArA parityakta vana meM nivAsa karatI huI sItA kI manastApajanya glAni kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (3/179) __ cakitam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| priya ke Age akAraNa hI bhaya aura sambhrama prakaTa karanA cakita kahA jAtA hai-kuto'pi dayitasyAgre cakitaM bhysmbhrmH| yathA-trasyantI calazapharIvighaTTatorUrvAmorUratizayamApa vibhrmsy| kSubhyanti prasabhamaho vinApi hetobalAbhiH kimu sati kAraNe trunnyH|| yahA~ jalavihAra ke samaya choTI sI machalI ke jA~gha se TakarA jAne para nAyikA bhayabhIta ho rahI hai| (3/130) capalatA-eka vybhicaariibhaav| mAtsarya, dveSa, rAgAdi ke kAraNa citta kA anavasthita ho jAnA capalatA hai| isameM vyakti bhartsanA, kaThora zabdoM kA prayoga, svacchanda AcaraNa Adi meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai-mAtsaryadveSarAgAdezcApalyaM tvnvsthitiH| tatra bhrtsnpaarussysvcchndaacrnnaadyH|| yathA-anyAsu tAvadupamardasahAsu bhRGgalolaM vinodaya manaH sumnoltaasu| mugdhAmajAtarajasaM kalikAmakAle vyarthaM kadarthayasi kiM nvmaalikaayaaH|| yahA~ bhRGga ke vyAja se kisI capala nAyaka ko upAlambha diyA gayA hai jo mugdhA tathA ajAtarajasA nAyikA kA upamarda karanA cAhatA hai| (3/178) camatkRtiH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) campU:-zravyakAvya kA bhed| gadya aura padya donoM se mizrita kAvya ko campU kahA jAtA hai-gadyapadyamayaM kAvyaM cmpuuritybhidhiiyte| yathA, deshraajcritm| (6/313) carvaNA-rasAsvAdana kI prakriyA ko carvaNA kahate haiN| vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArIbhAva ke saMyoga se carvaNA nAmaka vyApAra kI niSpatti hotI hai| usI kA upacAra se rasa meM bhI prayoga kara dete haiM, isIlie 'rasa kI utpatti' jaise prayoga bhI bana jAte haiN| rasa se abhinna hone ke kAraNa yadyapi usameM bhI kAryatva nahIM hai tathApi, kyoMki vaha kabhI-kabhI hI hotI hai, sadA nahIM rahatI ataH anityatvarUpa sAdhAraNadharma hone ke kAraNa usameM kAryatva upacarita hotA hai

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citram 70 cintA citram - eka zabdAlaGkAra / varNoM kA kamala, khaDga, muraja, cakra, gomUtrikA Adi ke svarUpa meM pariNata ho jAnA citra kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi yaha vaicitrya kevala lekha meM utpanna hotA hai tathApi ina AkAraniSTha varNoM kA zrotragrAhya zabdoM ke sAtha lakSaNA se abheda mAna lene para unameM bhI kAvyatva utpanna ho jAtA hai| kamalabandha kA udAharaNa AcArya ne svaracita padya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai - maarmaasussmaacaarurucaamaarvdhuuttmaa| mAttadhUrttatamAvAsA sA vAmA me'stu mAramA || rta dhUtta va s sA vA mA me stu ra mA su cintA - eka vyabhicArI bhAva / citta kI ekAgratA athavA ekatAnatA rUpa dhyAna cintA hai| yaha bhAva hitakara vastu ke prApta na hone para utpanna hotA hai tathA isameM buddhi aura indriyoM kI vikalatA, zvAsa tathA tApa utpanna hote haiM-dhyAnaM cintA hitAnApteH zUnyatA shvaastaapkRt| yathA-kamalena vikasitena saMyojayantI virodhinaM zazibimbam / karatalaparyastamukhI kiM cintayasi sumukhi antraahithRdyaa|| yahA~ karatala para mukha ko rakhakara baiThI huI nAyikA kI cintAdazA kA varNana huA hai / (3/180) cintA - pUrvarAga meM kAma kI dvitIya dazA / priya ke sAtha milana ke upAya ke viSaya meM vicAra karanA cintA hai - cintA prAptyupAyAdicintanam / yathA-kathamIkSe kuraGgAkSIM sAkSAllakSmIM manobhuvaH / iti cintAkulaH kAnto nidrAM naiti nizIthinIm / / yahA~ nAyikA kI prApti ke viSaya meM indrajAla ko dekhane se utpanna anurAga vAle nAyaka kI cintA abhivyakta huI hai| (3/196)

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cUrNakam 11 chalam cUrNakam-gadya kA eka prkaar| alpasamAsayukta racanA ko cUrNaka kahA jAtA hai-turyaM (cUrNakam) caalpsmaaskm| isakA udAharaNa svayaM vizvanAtharacita-guNaratnasAgara! jagadekanAgara! kAminImadana! janaraJjana! ityAdi paMkti hai| (6/310) cUlikA-arthopakSepaka kA eka bhed| javanikA meM sthita pAtroM ke dvArA dI gayI kathAvastu kI sUcanA cUlikA kahI jAtI hai-antarjavanikAsaMsthaiH sUcanArthasya cuulikaa| yathA ma.ca. ke caturthAGka meM "bho bho vaimAnikAH, pravarttantAM rnggmngglaani| rAmeNa parazurAmo jitH|" yaha nepathya se pAtroM ke dvArA sUcita kiyA jAtA hai| (6/39) ceTa:-nAyaka kA shaayk| yaha nAyaka kA dAsa hotA hai| sA.da. meM ise nIca koTi kA sahAyaka mAnA gayA hai-tathA zakAraceTAdyA adhamAH prikiirtitaaH| yahA~ usakA lakSaNa bhI nahIM kiyA gayA, kevala prasiddha kahakara chor3a diyA gayA hai-ceTaH prasiddha ev| bhAnudatta ne use nAyakanAyikA ko milAne meM catura kahA hai-sndhaancturshcettkH| spaSTa hai, yaha kevala zRGgAra meM hI nAyaka kI sahAyatA karatA hai| (3/57) cyutasaMskAratA-eka kaavydoss| cyutasaMskAratva kA artha hai-vyAkaraNa ke saMskAra se hIna pada kA prayoga krnaa| yathA-gANDIvIkanakazilAnibhaM bhujAbhyAmAjaghne viSamavilocanasya vkssH| vyAkaraNa ke niyama ke anusAra ApUrvaka han dhAtu kA prayoga Atmanepada meM tabhI hotA hai jaba usakA karma svAGga ho parantu yahA~ Ajaghne' kriyA kA karma zaGkara kA vakSaHsthala hai aura usakA kartA arjun| ataH yahA~ Atmanepada kA prayoga saMskArahInatA hai| parasmaipada meM 'AjaghAna' pada prayukta honA caahie| yaha padadoSa hai| (7/3) chalam-eka viithyngg| priya lagane vAle apriya vAkyoM se lobha dikhAkara chalane meM chala nAmaka vIthyaGga hotA hai-priyAbhairapriyairvAkyairvilobhyacchalanA chlm| yathA ve.saM. meM yaha vAkya-kartA dyUtacchalAnAM jatumayazaraNoddIpanaH so'bhimAnI, kRSNAkezottarIyavyapanayanapaTuH pANDavA yasya daasaaH| rAjA duHzAsanAdergururanujazatasyAGgarAjasya mitraM, kvAste duryodhano'sau kathayata na ruSA draSTumabhyAgatau svH||

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chAdanam 72 jaDatA AcArya vizvanAtha ne yahA~ kucha anya AcAryoM kA mata bhI uddhRta kiyA hai jo dUsare ke kisI kArya ko uddiSTa karake vaJcanA, hAsya tathA roSa ko utpanna karane vAle kathana ke vinyAsa ko chala nAmaka vIthyaGga mAnate haiM- anye tvAhuzchalaM kiJcitkAryamuddizya kasyacit / udIryate yadvacanaMM vnycnaahaasyrosskRt|| isa prakAra kA lakSaNa sAgaranandI ke nA.la.ra. ko. meM bhI prApta hotA hai-chalaM syAdvAcyamanyArthaM haasyrossaatisndhikRt| (6/266-68) chAdanam - vimarzasandhi kA eka aGga / apane kArya kI siddhi ke lie apamAnAdi kA sahana karanA chAdana kahA jAtA hai - tadAhuzchAdanaM punH| kAryArthamapamAnAdeH sahanaM khalu yadbhavet / yathA ve.saM. meM arjuna kA bhIma ke prati yaha kathana - apriyANi karotyeSa, vAcA zakto na karmaNA / hatabhrAtRzato duHkhI, pralApairasya kA vyathA / yahA~ duryodhana ke apamAna karane vAle pralApoM se bhIma ko vyathita na hone ke lie kahA gayA hai! (6/122) chekAnuprAsaH - anuprAsa kA eka bheda / vyaJjanasamudAya kI eka hI bAra aneka prakAra se AvRtti ko chekAnuprAsa kahate haiM-cheko vyaJjanasaGghasya skRtsaamymnekdhaa| 'anekadhA' pada ke prayoga ke dvArA svarUpataH aura kramataH donoM hI prakAra kI samAnatA abhISTa hai| rasa: aura sara: meM samAna varNoM kA prayoga huA hai parantu krama bhinna ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha isa alaGkAra kA viSaya nahIM bntaa| isake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AcArya vizvanAtha ne apane pitA ke dvArA nirmita padya ko uddhRta kiyA hai - AdAya bakulagandhAnandhIkurvanpade pade bhrmraan| ayameti mandamandaM kAverIvAripAvanaH pavanaH / / yahA~ 'gandhAnandhI', 'kAverIvAri' tathA 'pAvanaH pavanaH' alaGkAra ke sthala haiN| cheka arthAt vidagdhajanoM ke dvArA prayojya hone ke kAraNa isakI saMjJA anvarthikA hai| (10/4) jaDatA - eka vybhicaariibhaav| yaha sthiti iSTa athavA aniSTa ke darzana tathA zravaNa se utpanna hotI hai aura vaha kiMkartavyavimUr3ha hokara cupacApa nirnimeSa dekhatA rahatA hai-- apratipattirjaDatA syAdiSTAniSTadarzana zrutibhiH / animiSanayananirIkSaNatUSNIMbhAvAdayastatra // yathA - kevalantadyuvayugalamanyonyanihitasajalamantharadRSTi / AlekhyArpitamiva kSaNamAtraM tatra sthitmaasnnkm|| yahA~ iSTadarzana se utpanna jar3atA kA varNana hai / ( 3/154 )

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73 DimaH jaDatA - pUrvarAga meM kAma kI navama dazA / aGgoM tathA mana kA ceSTAzUnya ho jAnA jaDatA hai- jaDatA hInaceSTatvamaGgAnAM manasastathA / yathAbisinIdalazayanIye nihitaM sarvamapi nizcalamaGgam / dIrgho nizvAsabhara eSa sAdhayati jIvatIti param / / yahA~ dIrghanizvAsa se hI nAyikA ke jIvita hone kI pratIti hotI hai, anyathA zarIra to ekadama nizcala ho gayA hai| (3/197) jaDatA janAntikam - nATyokti kA eka prakAra / tripatAka kara ke dvArA dUsaroM ko bacAkara kathAnaka ke madhya meM hI do pAtroM ke madhya jo paraspara bAtacIta hotI hai, use janAntika kahate haiM - rahasyantu yadanyasya parAvRtya prakAzyate / tripatAkakareNAnyAnapavAryAntarA kathAm / anyonyAmantraNaM yatsyAjjanAnte tajjanAntikam / isameM aGguSTha ke dvArA anAmikA aGguli ko dabAkara zeSa tIna aGguliyoM ko mu~ha se lagAkara bAta kI jAtI hai- UrdhvasarvAGgulinAmitAnAmikaM tripatAkalakSakaram / api ca-patAke tu yadA vakrA'nAmikA tvaGgulirbhavet / tripatAkaH sa vijJeyaH / ( 6 / 161 ) jugupsA - bIbhatsa rasa kA sthAyIbhAva / doSadarzanAdi ke kAraNa vastu se utpanna ghRNA ko jugupsA kahate haiM - doSekSaNAdibhirgarhA jugupsA viSayodbhavA / hemacandra ke anusAra yaha citta ke saGkoca kI sthiti hai| (3/186) jyeSThA-svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bheda / nAyaka ke praNaya kI adhikatA se yukta madhyA aura pragalbhA nAyikA jyeSThA kahI jAtI hai| yathA-dRSTvaikAsanasaMsthite priyatame pazcAdupetyAdarAdekasyA nayane pidhAya vihitakrIDAnubandhacchalaH / ISadvakritakandharaH sapulakaH premollasanmAna - sAmantarhAsalasatkapolaphalakAM dhUrto'parAM cumbati / / isa padya meM jisa nAyikA kA cumbana kiyA gayA hai, vaha jyeSThA nAyikA hai| (3/79) Dima: - rUpaka kA eka bhed| Dima kA artha hai - viplava / ataeva aitihAsika kathAvastu vAlI isa nATyavidhA meM mAyA, indrajAla, saGgrAma, krodha tathA unmattAdikoM kI ceSTAoM kA bAhulya rahatA hai| sUrya aura candragrahaNoM kA sadbhAva tathA kaizikI vRtti aura vimarzasandhi kA abhAva hotA hai| abhinavagupta ke anusAra isameM cAra dina kI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hotA hai|

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74 tadguNaH tarkaH cAra aGkoM kI isa racanA meM viSkambhaka aura pravezaka kA prayoga varjita hai| raudra rasa kA aGgI tathA zAnta, hAsya aura zRGgAra ke atirikta chaH rasoM kA aGgarUpa meM vidhAna hai| solaha nAyaka atyanta uddhata prakRti ke deva, gandharva,yakSa, rAkSasa,mahAsarpa, bhUta, preta, pizAcAdika hote haiM maayendrjaalsnggraamkrodhoddhaantaadicessttitaiH| uparAgaizca bhUyiSTho DimaH khyaatetivRttkH| aGgI raudrarasastatra sarve'GgAni rasAH punH| catvAro'GkAH matA neha visskmbhkprveshkau| nAyakA devgndhrvyNkssrkssomhorgaaH| bhUtapretapizAcAdyAH ssoddshaatyntmuddhtaaH| vRttayaH kaizikIhInA nirvimarzAzca sndhyH| dIptAH syuH SaDrasAH shaanthaasyshRnggaarvrjitaaH|| AcArya bharata ke anusAra isakA udAharaNa tripuradAha hai| (6/259) tadguNaH-eka arthaalngkaar| apane guNoM ko chor3akara atyutkRSTa vastu ke guNoM ko grahaNa karane meM tadguNa alaGkAra hotA hai-tadguNaH svgunntyaagaadtyutkRssttgunngrhH| yathA-jagAda vdncchdmpdmpryntpaatinH| nayanmadhulihaH shvaitymudgrdshnaaNshubhiH|| isa padya meM balabhadra ke mukhakamala ke nikaTa ghUmane vAle bhramaroM kA unake dA~toM kI prabhA se zveta hone kA varNana hai| mIlita alaGkAra meM prakRta vastu anya vastu se AcchAdita ho jAtI hai, yahA~ vaha anya vastu ke guNoM se AkrAnta hotI hai| (10/117) tanmayatA-pravAsa vipralambha meM kAma kI aSTama dshaa| bhItara bAhara saba ora priya kA hI dRSTigocara honA tanmayatA kahI jAtI hai-tanmayaM tatprakAzo hi baahyaabhyntrstthaa| (3/212) tapanam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| priya ke viyoga meM kAmodvega kI ceSTAoM ko tapana kahate haiM-tapanaM priyavicchede smraavegotthcessttitm| yathA-zvAsAnmuJcati bhUtale viluThati tvanmArgamAlokate, dIrgha roditi vikSipatyata itaH kSAmAM bhujaavllriim| kiJca prANasamAna kAsitavatI svapne'pi te saGgama, nidrAM vAJchati na prayacchati punardagdho vidhistaampi|| (3/125) tarka:-zilpaka kA eka angg| kisI tathya ko nizcita karane ke lie kiyA gayA AtmaparIkSaNa tarka kahA jAtA hai| (6/295)

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75 tAtparyA tulyayogitA tAtparyA-vAkya kI eka vRtti| abhidhA zakti ke dvArA eka eka pada ke artha kA bodha karAkara virata ho jAne para padArthoM ke paraspara anvaya ke dvArA sampUrNa vAkya kA arthabodha karAne vAlI vRtti tAtparyA kahI jAtI hai tathA usake dvArA bodhya artha tAtparyArtha hotA hai| isa tAtparyArtha kA bodha vAkya se hotA hai-tAtparyAkhyAM vRttimAhuH pdaarthaanvybodhne| tAtparyArthaM tadarthaM ca vAkyaM tadbodhakaM pre|| yaha mata kumArilabhaTTa Adi abhihitAnvayavAdiyoM kA hai| inake anusAra pahale abhidhAdi vRttiyoM ke dvArA padArtha kA bodha hotA hai, punaH tAtparyAvRtti ke dvArA una padArthoM kA paraspara anvaya hokara usase vAkyArtha kA bodha hotA hai| mImAMsakoM kA eka dUsarA pakSa anvitAbhidhAnavAdiyoM kA hai| prabhAkara Adi ina AcAryoM ke anusAra padArtha paraspara sambaddha hI upasthita hote haiM, ataH isa vRtti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vizvanAtha AcArya ko prathama mata hI mAnya hai| ataeva unhoMne pada ke lakSaNa meM ananvita zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| (2/27) tApaH-pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI dvitIya dshaa| virahajvara ko tApa kahate haiM-tApastu virhjvrH| (3/212) tApaH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) tApanam-pratimukhasandhi kA eka angg| upAya kA na milanA tApana nAmaka sandhyaGga hai-upAyAdarzanaM yattu tApanaM nAma tdbhvet| yathA-ra.nA. meM sAgarikA kA yaha kathana-'durlabhajanAnurAgo lajjA gurvI paravazaH aatmaa| priyasakhi! viSamaH premA maraNaM zaraNaM kevlmekm|| (6/85) tulyatarka:-eka naattylkssnn| prakRta padArtha ke dvArA (samAnatA batalAne vAle) tarka prastuta karanA tulyatarka kahalAtA hai-tulyatarko yadarthena tarka: prkRtigaaminaa| yathA ve.saM. meM duryodhana kI yaha ukti-prAyeNaiva hi dRzyante kAmaM svapnAH shubhaashubhaaH| zatasaMkhyA punariyaM sAnujaM spRzatIva maam|| yahA~ bhAnumatI ke dvArA dRSTa svapna meM nakula ke dvArA sau saryoM ke mAre jAne se apane sau bhAiyoM ke sAmya kI AzaGkA se duryodhana bhIta sA hai| (6/178) tulyayogitA-eka arthaalngkaar| kevala prastuta athavA aprastuta padArthoM

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trikapaTa: 76 tejaH kA eka hI dharma ke sAtha sambandha tulyayogitA hai - padArthAnAM prastutAnAmanyeSAM vA yadA bhvet| ekadharmAbhisambandhaH syAttadA tulyayogitA / / yaha dharma guNa athavA kriyArUpa hotA hai| yathA - anulepanAni kusumAnyabalAH kRtamanyavaH patiSu dIpadazAH / samayena tena suciraM zayitapratibodhitasmaramabodhiSata / / isa udAharaNa meM aneka prastuta padArtha anulepana, kusuma, patiyoM para kruddha striyA~ tathA dIpoM kI paMktiyA~ kAmadeva ko jagAne rUpI eka hI kriyA ke sAtha sambaddha haiM / tadaGgamArdavaM draSTuH kasya citte na bhaaste| mAlatI zazabhRllekhAkadalInAM ktthortaa|| yahA~ mAlatI Adi aprastuta padArthoM kA eka hI kaThoratA rUpa guNa se sambandha hai| (10/66) teja:- nAyaka kA sAttvika guNa / anya ke dvArA kiye gaye apamAnAdi kA prANa jAne para bhI sahana na karanA teja hai- adhikSepApamAnAdeH prayuktasya pareNa yt| prANAtyaye'pyasahanaM tattejaH samudAhRtam / / (3/67) toTakam - garbhasandhi kA eka aGga / adhIratApUrNa vacana ko toTaka kahate haiM- toTakaM punaH sNrbdhvaak| yathA ca. kau. meM " AH, punaH kathamadyApi na sambhUtA: svargadakSiNAH", Adi ukti / ( 6/105) trAsaH - eka vyabhicArIbhAva / vajrapAta, vidyut, tArA TUTane Adi se utpanna mana kI vyagratA trAsa kahI jAtI hai| isameM kampa Adi hote haiM-nirghAtavidyudulkAdyaistrAsaH kampAdikArakaH / yathA-parisphuranmInavighaTTitoravaH surAGganAstrAsaviloladRSTayaH / upAyayuH kampitapANipallavAH sakhIjanasyApi vilokniiytaam|| yahA~ jalavihAra karatI huI surAGganAoM ke urupradeza se machaliyoM ke TakarA jAne para unake trAsa kI sthiti varNita kI gayI hai| (3/172) trikapaTa:-svAbhAvika, kRtrima aura daivaja - yaha tIna prakAra kA kapaTa hotA hai - kapaTa : puna: svAbhAvika: kRtrimazca daivajaH / inameM se prathama prakAra kA kapaTa kathAvastu ke sahaja krama meM paristhitivaza A jAtA hai| kRtrima kapaTa dUsare puruSoM ke dvArA kisI ko sukha athavA duHkha Adi dene kI bhAvanA se prayukta kiyA jAtA hai tathA daivI kapaTa kisI adRzya zakti se prApta hotA hai| (6/258)

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trigatam 77 troTakam trigatam - vIthyaGga / zruti kI samAnatA ke kAraNa aneka arthoM kI kalpanA trigata nAmaka vIthyaGga hotA hai - trigataM syAdanekArthayojanaM shrutisaamytH| dhanaJjaya ke anusAra isa nAma kI sArthakatA naTa, naTI tathA pAripArzvika ke dvArA sampAdita hone meM hai - naTAditritayAlApaH / vi.u. nATaka meM rAjA apane hI dvArA kahe gaye vAkya "sarvakSitibhRtAM nAtha, dRSTA sarvAGgasundarI / rAmA ramye vanAnte'sminmayA virahitA tvayA " / / kI pratidhvani sunakara mayA virahitA tvayA dRSTA' ke sthAna para 'tvayA virahitA mayA dRSTA' isa prakAra anvaya karake use uttara vAkya samajha letA hai tathA unmatta kI bhA~ti, "kathaM dRSTetyAha " isa prakAra kahatA hai, yaha trigata kA udAharaNa hai| (6/265) trigUDhakam - eka lAsyAGga / strIvezadhArI puruSoM kA zlakSNa nATya trigUr3haka kahA jAtA hai - strIveSadhAriNAM puMsAM nATyaM zlakSNaM trigUr3ha kam / yathA mA.mA. meM makaranda kA mAlatI bana jAnA - eSo'smi mAlatI saMvRttaH / (6/247) trividravaH - acetana, cetana tathA cetanAcetana ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA tIna prakAra kA vidrava hotA hai| acetana vidrava agni, vAyu Adi ke dvArA tathA cetana yuddha Adi ke dvArA utpanna hotA hai| cetanAcetana se abhiprAya gajAdi ke dvArA utpanna kiye jAne vAle vidrava se hai| (6/258) trizRGgAraH-zRGgAra tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-dharmazRGgAra, arthazRGgAra aura kAmazRGgAra-dharmArthakAmaistrividhaH zRGgAraH / AtmakalyANa ke lie vrata Adi dhArmika kAryoM kA AcaraNa dharmazRGgAra hai| isakA udAharaNa puSpadUSitaka meM nandayantI ke dvArA brAhmaNabhojana karAyA jAnA hai| udayana kA apane rAjya kI punaH prApti ke lie padmAvatI ke sAtha vivAha karanA arthazRGgAra hai kyoMki yaha svArthapUrti ke nimitta kiyA gayA hai| strI ke sAtha milana ke lie unmAda Adi ke dvArA hone vAlA vyavahAra kAmazRGgAra hai, yathA udayana kA praNayavaza vAsavadattA se vivAha / inameM se kAmazRGgAra prathama aGka meM hI hotA hai, zeSa ke lie koI niyama nahIM hai| (6/ 258) troTakam - uparUpaka kA eka bhed| sAta, ATha, nau athavA pA~ca aGkoM se yukta tathA devatAoM aura manuSyoM se saMzrita nATyavidhA troTaka kahI jAtI hai| isake pratyeka aGka meM vidUSaka kA praveza hotA hai, ata: yaha zRGgAra rasa

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dakSiNaH dAnavIraH se yukta hotA hai-saptASTanavapaJcAGkaM divymaanusssNshrym| troTakaM nAma tatprAhuH pratyakSaM sviduusskm|| sAta aGkoM vAlA troTaka stambhitarambham tathA pA~ca aGkoM kA vikramorvazIyam hai| (6/282) dakSiNaH-nAyaka kA eka bhed| aneka nAyikAoM meM samAna anurAga rakhane vAlA dakSiNa nAyaka kahA jAtA hai-eSu tvanekamahilAsamarAgo dakSiNaH kthitH| yathA-snAtA tiSThati kuntalezvarasutA vArAGgarAjasvasuH, dyUte rAtririyaM jitA kamalayA, devI prasAdyAdya c| ityantaHpurasundarIH prati mayA vijJAya vijJApite, devenApratipattimUDhamanasA dvitrAH sthitaM naaddikaaH|| (3/42) dayAvIra:-vIra rasa kA eka bhed| dayAmUlaka utsAha nAmaka sthAyIbhAva jahA~ vibhAvAdi ke dvArA paripuSTa hokara rasa ke rUpa meM anubhUti kA viSaya bane vahA~ dayAvIra rasa hotA hai| yathA-zirAmukhaiH syandata eSa raktamadyApi dehe mama maaNsmsti| tRptiM na pazyAmi tavApi tAvat kiM bhakSaNAttvaM virato grutmn|| jImUtavAhana kI isa ukti meM nAga Alambana, usakI kAtaratA uddIpana vibhAva, Ananda anubhAva tathA dhairya nAmaka vyabhicArIbhAva se puSTa hokara dayAmUlaka utsAha nAmaka sthAyIbhAva dayAvIra rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho rahA hai| (3/228) dAkSiNyam-eka naattylkssnn| ceSTA aura vANI ke dvArA eka dUsare ke citta kA anuvartana dAkSiNya kahA jAtA hai-dAkSiNyaM ceSTayA vAcA prcittaanuvrtnm| lakSmaNa ke dvArA vibhISaNa ke prati kahA gayA yaha vacana-prasAdhaya purIM laGkAM rAjA tvaM hi vibhiissnnH| AryeNAnugRhItasya na vighnaH siddhimntraa|| vANI ke dvArA paracitta ke prasAdana kA udAharaNa hai| (6/193) dAnam-nAyikA kA mAnabhaGga karane kA eka upaay| bhUSaNa Adi dene ke vyAja se nAyikA ko prasanna karanA dAna kahalAtA hai-dAnaM vyAjena bhuussaadeH| (3/208) dAnavIraH-vIra rasa kA eka bhed| utsAha nAmaka sthAyIbhAva jahA~ tyAgamUlaka ho, vahA~ dAnavIra rasa hotA hai| yathA-tyAgaH sptsmudrmudritmhiinirvyaajdaanaavdhiH| yahA~ parazurAma kA tyAgamUlaka utsAha nAmaka sthAyIbhAva sampradAnabhUta brAhmaNarUpa Alambana tathA sattvaguNaparAyaNatA Adi uddIpanoM se vibhAvita hokara, sarvasvatyAga Adi se anubhAvita hokara tathA

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79 diSTam durmallikA harSa, dhRti Adi vyabhicArIbhAvoM se paripuSTa hokara dAnavIra rasa ke rUpa meM anubhUti kA viSaya bana rahA hai| (3/228) diSTam-eka naattylkssnn| dezakAlAnurUpa varNana ko diSTa kahate haiM-dezakAlasvarUpeNa varNanA dissttmucyte| ve.saM. meM sahadeva kI yaha ukti-yavaidyutamiva jyotirArye kruddhe'dya smbhRtm| tatprAvRDiva kRSNeyaM nUnaM sNvrddhyissyti|| isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/184) dIpakam-eka arthaalngkaar| aprastuta aura prastuta padArthoM se jaba eka dharma kA sambandha ho athavA aneka kriyAoM kA eka kAraka ho taba dIpaka alaGkAra hotA hai-aprastutaprastutayordIpakaM tu nigdyte| atha kArakamekaM syAdanekAsu kriyAsu cet|| yathA-balAvalepAdadhunApi pUrvavat prabAdhyate tena jgjjigiissunnaa| satI ca yoSitprakRtizca nizcalA pumAMsamabhyeti bhvaantressvpi|| isa zloka meM prastuta prakRti tathA aprastuta strI kA eka hI anugamana kriyA ke sAtha sambandha pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| kavirAja vizvanAtha ke hI padya-dUraM samAgatavati tvayi jIvanAthe, bhinnA manobhavazareNa tapasvinI saa| uttiSThati svapiti vAsagRhaM tvadIyamAyAti yAti hasati zvasiti kssnnen|| meM eka hI nAyikA kA utthAna Adi aneka kriyAoM ke sAtha sambandha pradarzita hai| guNakriyA Adi kI AdimadhyAnta sthiti ke AdhAra para isake bheda pradarzita nahIM kiye jAne cAhie~ kyoMki isa prakAra kI vicitratAyeM to sahasroM prakAra se sambhava haiN| (10/67) dIptiH-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| atyanta vistIrNa kAnti hI dIpti kahI jAtI hai-kAntirevAtivistIrNA diiptiritybhidhiiyte| (dekheM kAnti) yathA-tAruNyasya vilAsaH samadhikalAvaNyasampado haasH| dharaNitalasyAbharaNaM yuvajanamanaso vshiikrnnm| (3/109) durmallikA-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| yaha cAra aGkoM kA kaizikI aura bhAratI vRttiyoM se sampanna uparUpaka hai| isameM garbhasandhi nahIM hotii| pAtroM meM aneka nAgara nara hote haiM parantu nAyaka nyUna koTi kA hotA hai| tIna nAlI samaya vAlA prathamAGka viTa kI krIDAoM se yukta hotA hai| pA~ca nAlI kA dvitIyAGka vidUSaka kI krIDAoM se yukta hotA hai| cha: nAlI ke tRtIyAGka

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80 dUtI duSkramatvam meM pIThamarda ke vilAsoM kA varNana hotA hai tathA dasa nAlI samaya vAlA caturthAGka nAgara janoM kI krIDAoM se vibhUSita hotA hai-dumallI caturaGkA syAtkaizikI bhAratI tthaa| agarbhA nAgaranarA nyuunnaaykbhuussitaa| trinAliH prathamo'Gko'syAM viTakrIDAmayo bhvet| paJcanAlirdvitIyo'Gko viduusskvilaasvaan| SaNNAlikastRtIyastu piitthmrdvilaasvaan| caturtho dazanAliH syAdaGkaH kriidditnaaykH|| isakA udAharaNa bindumatI hai| (6/297) duSkramatvam-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ nirUpita vastuoM kA krama anucita ho vahA~ duSkramatva doSa hotA hai| yathA-dehi meM vAjinaM rAjan gajendraM vA mdaalsm| vAstava meM gajendra kA pahale yAcana honA caahie| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) duHzravatvam-eka kaavydoss| paruSa varNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa jo sunane meM kaSTakara lage use duHzrava kahate haiM-paruSavarNatayA zrutiduHkhAvahatvaM duHshrvtvm| yathA-kAtarthya yAtu tanvaGgI kdaa'nnggvshNvdaa| yahA~ r t th varNoM kA saMyoga hone ke kAraNa kaThoratA utpanna huI hai| ataH pada ke adhikAMza bhAga ko dUSita karatA huA yaha padadoSa hai| yaha zRGgArAdi komala rasoM kA hI vighAtaka hotA hai, vIraraudrAdika rasoM meM to isakA prayoga guNa hI hai| yadi koI vaiyAkaraNa vaktA yA zrotA ho to bhI yaha guNa hI hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha anityadoSa hai| tadgaccha siddhyai kurudevakAryam' meM 'siddhyai' kA 'dhyai' aMza zrutikaSTa hai, ataH yaha padAMzadoSa bhI hai| (7/3) dUtaH-nAyaka kA shaayk| jise nAyaka kisI kArya se preSita kare vaha dUta kahA jAtA hai-kAryapreSyo duutH| dUta tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-nisRSTArtha, mitArtha aura sandezahAraka-nisRSTArtho mitArthazca tathA sndeshhaarkH| (3/58) dUtI-sandezapreSaNa meM pravINa strii| jo nAyaka tathA nAyikA ke sandeza eka dUsare ke pAsa le jAtI hai, unakA virahanivedana dUsare ke sAmane prakaTa karatI hai tathA unakA saMyoga karavAtI hai, vaha dUtI kahI jAtI hai| nAyikA kI sakhI, naTI, dAsI, dhAya kI lar3akI, par3osina, bAlikA, saMnyAsinI, dhobina Adi tathA citra banAne vAlI strI tathA kabhI-kabhI svayaM nAyikA

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dainyam dRSTAntaH 81 bhI dUtI kA kArya karatI huI dekhI gayI hai| dUtI ko kalAoM meM nipuNa, utsAhazIla, bhaktiyukta, dUsare ke hRdbhAvoM ko samajhane vAlI, acchI smRti vAlI, madhura, vakrokti ke viziSTa jJAna se yukta tathA bolane meM kuzala honA caahie| dUtyaH sakhI naTI dAsI dhAtreyI prtiveshinii| bAlA pravrajitA kArU: zilpinyAdyAH svayaM tthaa|| kalAkauzalamutsAho bhaktizcittajJatA smRtiH| mAdhuryaM narmavijJAnaM vAgmitA ceti tdgunnaaH|| ye bhI aucitya ke anusAra uttama, madhyama tathA adhama hotI haiM-etA api ythaucityaaduttmaadhmmdhymaaH|| (3/136-37) dRSTAntaH-eka naattylkssnn| pakSa meM sAdhya ke sAdhana ke lie tarka ke nidarzana ko dRSTAnta kahate haiM-dRSTAnto yastu pakSArthasAdhanAya nidrshnm| yathA ve.saM.meM sahadeva kI bhAnumatI ke viSaya meM yaha ukti--"Arya! ucitamevaitattasyAH / yato duryodhanakalatraM hi saa"| (6/177) dRSTAntaH-eka arthaalngkaar| do vAkyoM meM dharmasahita upamAnopameya ke pratibimbana ko dRSTAnta kahate haiM-dRSTAntastu sadharmasya vastunaH prtibimbnm| yahA~ pratibimbana se abhiprAya hai-sAdRzya kA pratIyamAna honaa| isakA bhI sAdharmya aura vaidharmyarUpa meM donoM prakAra se kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai| inake kramazaH udAharaNa ye haiM-aviditaguNApi satkavibhaNitiH karNeSu vamati mdhudhaaraam| anadhigataparimalApi hi harati dRzaM maaltiimaalaa|| (sAdharmya) tathA, tvayi dRSTe kuraGgAkSyAH saMsate mdnvythaa| dRSTAnudayabhAjIndau glAniH kumudsNhteH|| (vaidharmya) prativastUpamA meM kevala upamAnopameya meM hI bimbapratibimbabhAva hotA hai jabaki dRSTAnta meM sAdhAraNadharmasahita upamAnopameya pratibimbita hote haiN| (10/69) dainyam-eka vybhicaariibhaav| durgati Adi ke dvArA utpanna ojahInatA kI sthiti dainya kahI jAtI hai| isase malinatA Adi utpanna hote haiM-daurgatyAdyairanaujasyaM dainyaM mlintaadikRt| yathA-vRddho'ndhaH patireSa maJcakagataH sthUNAvazeSaM gRhaM kAlo'bhyarNajalAgamaH kuzalinI vatsasya vArtApi no| yatnAtsaJcitatailabindughaTikA bhagneti paryAkulA, dRSTvA garbhabharAlasAM

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- dravaH doSaH nijavadhUM zvazrUzciraM roditi|| isa padya meM ghara ke abhAvoM ko dekhakara rotI huI sAsa kI dIna dazA varNita hai| (3/151) doSa:-kAvyAtmabhUta rasa ke apakarSaka tttv| kAvya kA apakarSa karanevAle tattvoM ko doSa kahate haiN-dossaastsyaapkrsskaaH| aura kyoMki kAvya kA sarvasva rasa hI hai ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki kAvyAtmabhUta rasa ke apakarSaka tattva hI doSa haiM-rasApakarSakA dossaaH| jisa prakAra kANatva khaJjatvAdi zarIra kA apakarSa karate hue paramparayA zarIradhArI kA bhI apakarSa karate haiM, usI prakAra zrutiduSTa, apuSTArtha Adi pahale zabda vA artha ko dUSita karate hue paramparayA kAvyAtmabhUta rasa kA apakarSa karate haiN| svazabdavAcyatva Adi to mUrkhatva Adi kI taraha sAkSAt hI kAvyAtma ke apakarSaka hote haiN| ye kAvya meM kabhI-kabhI doSAbhAvarUpa athavA guNarUpa bhI ho jAte haiN| kama se kama anukaraNa meM to sabhI rasoM kI adoSatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| jo doSa niyata rUpa se sadA kAvya kA apakarSa hI kareM ve nityadoSa hote haiM tathA jo paristhitivizeSa meM doSAbhAva athavA guNarUpa ho jAyeM ve anitya doSa haiN| kAvya meM sthiti ke AdhAra para ye pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM-padadoSa, padAMzadoSa, vAkyadoSa, arthadoSa aura rsdoss| (7/1-2) dyutiH-vimarzasandhi kA eka angg| tarjana (DA~TanA) aura udvejana (phaTakAranA) dyuti kahA jAtA hai-tarjanAdvejane proktA dyutiH| yathA ve.saM. meM bhImasena kI duryodhana ke prati yaha ukti-janmendorvimale kule vyapadizasyadyApi dhatse gadAM, mAM duHzAsanakoSNazoNitamadhukSIbaM ripuM bhaassse| darpAndho madhukaiTabhadviSi harAvapyuddhataM ceSTase, trAsAnme nRpazo vihAya samaraM paGke'dhunA liiyse|| (6/114) dravaH-vimarzasandhi kA eka angg| zoka, Aveza Adi ke kAraNa guruoM kA vyatikrama drava nAmaka sandhyaGga hai-dravo guruvyatikrAntiH zokAvegAdi smbhvaa| ve.saM. meM yudhiSThira kI balarAma ke prati yaha ukti-bhagavan! kRSNAgraja! subhadrAbhrAta:! jJAtiprItirmanasi na kRtA kSatriyANAM na dharmArUDhaM sakhyaM tadapi gaNitaM naanujsyaarjunen| tulyaH kAmaM bhavatu bhavataH ziSyayoH snehabandhaH,

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dvigUr3hakam 83 (madhyA) dhIrA ko'yaM panthA yadasi vimukho mandabhAgye mayi tvm|| isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/113) dvigUr3hakam - eka laasyaangg| jisameM pada caturasra, mukha aura pratimukha sandhiyA~ tathA rasa aura bhAva samRddha hoM, usa gIta ko dvigUr3haka kahate haiM - caturasrapadaM gItaM, mukhapratimukhAnvitam / dvigUDhaM rasabhAvADhyam / (6/249) dharmavIraH- vIrarasa kA eka bheda / dharmamUlaka utsAha nAmaka sthAyIbhAva jahA~ vibhAvAdi ke dvArA paripuSTa hokara rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, vahA~ dharmavIra nAmaka rasa hotA hai / yathA - rAjyaM ca vasu dehazca bhAryA bhrAtRsutAzca ye| yacca loke mamAyattaM taddharmAya sadodyatam / / (3/228) dhIraprazAnta:-nAyaka kA eka bheda / nAyaka ke sAmAnya guNoM vinayAdi se yukta brAhmaNa Adi dhIraprazAnta kahe jAte haiM- sAmAnyaguNairbhUyAn dvijAdiko dhIrazAntaH syAt / yathA mA.mA. meM maadhvaadi| (3/40) dhIralalita :- nAyaka kA eka bheda / cintArahita (sacivAdi para yogakSema kA bhAra DAlakara), madhura, nirantara nRtyAdi kalAoM meM rata nAyaka dhIralalita hotA hai - nizcinto mRduranizaM kalAparo dhIralalitaH syaat| yathA, ra.nA. Adi meM vatsarAja aadi| (3/39) (pragalbhA ) dhIrA - svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bheda / pragalbhA nAyikA yadi dhIrA ho to vaha apane krodha ko chipAkara rakhatI hai| bAhara se Adara prakaTa karatI huI bhI vaha rati meM udAsIna rahatI hai- pragalbhA yadi dhIrA syAcchannakopAkRtistadA / udAste surate tatra darzayantyAdarAnbahiH / / yathA-ekatrAsanasaMsthitiH parihRtA pratyudgamAddUratastAmbUlAnayanacchalena rabhasAzleSo'pi sNvighnitH| AlApo'pi na mizritaH parijanaM vyApArayantyAntike, kAmaM pratyupacAratazcaturayA kopaH kRtArthIkRta: / / (3/76) (madhyA) dhIrA - svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bheda / nAyaka para krodhita hokara use parihAsapUrNa vakrokti ke dvArA viddha karane vAlI nAyikA madhyAdhIrA kahI jAtI hai priyaM sotprAsavakroktyA madhyAdhIrA dahedruSA / yathA-tadavitathamavAdIryanmama tvaM priyeti, priyajanaparibhuktaM yad dukUlaM dadhAnaH / madadhivasatimAgAH kAminInAM maNDana zrIrvrajati hi saphalatvaM vallabhAlokanena / / (3/75)

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(pragalbhA) dhIrAdhIrA 84 dhRtiH (pragalbhA) dhIrAdhIrA-svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bhed| pragalbhA dhIrAdhIrA nAyikA vyaGgya bhare vacanoM se nAyaka ko khinna karatI haidhIrAdhIrA tu solluNThabhASitaiH khedytymum| yathA-analaGkRto'pi sundara harasi mano me yataH prsbhm| kiM punaralaGkRtastvaM samprati nkhrksstaistsyaaH|| (3/77) (madhyA) dhIrAdhIrA-svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bhed| madhyA dhIrAdhIrA nAyikA kruddha hokara rodana kriyA ke dvArA apane roSa ko vyakta karatI haidhIrAdhIrA tu ruditaiH| yathA-bAle nAtha vimuJca mAnini ruSaM roSAnmayA kiM kRtaM, khedo'smAsu na me'parAdhyati bhavAn sarve'parAdhA myi| tatkiM rodiSi gadgadena vacasA kasyAgrato rudyate, nanvetanmama kA tavAsmi dayitA nAsmItyato rudyte|| (3/75) dhIrodAttaH-nAyaka kA eka bhed| AtmaprazaMsA na karane vAlA, kSamAyukta, atyanta gambhIra, zokakrodha Adi se jisakA anta:karaNa abhibhUta nahIM hotA, sthira prakRti vAlA, vinaya ke kAraNa jisakA garva pracchanna rahatA hai, aGgIkRta kA nirvAha karane vAlA nAyaka dhIrodAtta kahA jAtA hai-avikattthanaH kSamAvAnatigambhIro mhaasttvH| stheyAnnigUDhamAno dhIrodAtto dRDhavrataH kthitH|| yathA-rAma, yudhisstthiraadi| (3/37) dhIroddhata:-nAyaka kA eka bhed| mAyAvI (jo mantrAdi ke bala se avidyamAna vastuoM kA bhI prakAzana kara sakatA hai), raudra, anavasthitacitta, ahaGkAra aura garva se yukta, AtmaprazaMsI nAyaka dhIroddhata kahA jAtA haimaayaaprshcplo'hngkaardrpbhuuyisstthH| AtmazlAghAnirato dhIrairdhIroddhataH kthitH| ythaa-bhiimsenaadi| (3/38) dhRtiH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| tattvajJAna tathA iSTaprApti Adi ke kAraNa icchAoM kA pUrNa ho jAnA dhRti kahA jAtA hai| isame sampUrNa tRpti, AnandapUrNa vacana, mandahAsa tathA buddhivikAsa Adi hote haiM-jJAnAbhISTAgamAdyaistu sampUrNaspRhatA dhRtiH| sauhityvcnollaasshaasprtibhaadikRt|| yathA-kRtvA dAnanipIDanAM nijajane baddhvA vacovigrahaM, naivAlocya garIyasIrapi ciraadaamussmikiiryaatnaaH| dravyaughAH parisaJcitAH khalu mayA yasyAH kRte sAmprataM,

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85 __ narma nIvArAJjalinApi kevalamaho seyaM kRtArthA tnuH|| yaha tattvajJAna ko prApta kisI nispRha puruSa kI dhRtipUrNa ukti hai| (3/177) dhRSTaH-nAyaka kA eka bhed| jo aparAdha karake bhI nizzaGka rahe, DA~Ta sunakara bhI nirlajja banA rahe, doSa ke prakaTa ho jAne para bhI asatya bolatA rahe, vaha dhRSTa nAyaka kahA jAtA hai-kRtAgA api nizzaGkastarjito'pi na ljjitH| dRSTadoSo'pi mithyAvAk kathito dhRssttnaaykH!| yathA-zoNaM vIkSya mukhaM vicumbitumahaM yAtaH samIpaM tataH, pAdena prahRtaM tayA sapadi taM dhRtvA sahAse myi| kiJcittatra vidhAtumakSamatayA vASpaM tyajantyAH sakhe, dhyAtazcetasi kautukaM vitanute kopo'pi vaambhrvH|| (3/43) dhairyam-nAyaka kA sAttvika gunn| mahAn vighna upasthita hone para bhI apane karttavya se vicalita na honA dhairya hai-vyavasAyAdacalanaM dhairyaM vighne mhtypi| yathA-zrutApsarogItirapi kSaNe'sminharaH prasaGkhyAnaparo bbhuuv| AtmezvarANAM na hi jAtu vighnAH samAdhibhedaprabhavo bhvnti|| yahA~ ziva ke dhairya kA varNana hai| (3/66) dhairyam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| AtmaprazaMsA se yukta acaJcala manovRtti dhairya kahI jAtI hai-uktAtmazlAghanA dhairyaM mnovRttircnyclaa| yathA-jvalatu gagane rAtrau rAtrAvakhaNDakalaH zazI, dahatu madanaH kaM vA mRtyoH pareNa vidhaasyti| mama tu dayitaH zlAghyastAto jananyamalAnvayA, kulamamalinaM na tvevAyaM jano na ca jiivitm|| (3/113) natiH-nAyikA kA mAna bhaGga karane kA eka upaay| caraNoM meM girakara nAyikA kA prasAdana karanA nati hai-pAdayoH patanaM ntiH| (3/208) narma-kaizikI vRtti kA eka angg| caturatApUrNa krIDA kA nAma narma hai jo priyajanoM ke citta ko Avarjita kara le-vaidagdhyakrIDitaM nrm| issttjnaavrjnkRt| zuddha hAsya, zRGgArayukta hAsya tathA bhayayukta hAsya ke bheda se vaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-taccApi trividhaM mtm| vihitazuddhahAsyena sazRGgArabhayena c| zuddha hAsya kA udAharaNa ra.nA. meM vAsavadattA kI ukti "eSApyaparA tava samIpe yathA likhitA, etatkimAryavasantasya vijJAnam" hai| zRGgAra yukta hAsya kA udAharaNa a.zaH meM hai-"zakuntalA-asantuSTaH punaH

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narma 86 narmasphoTa: ki kariSyati / rAjA - idam / iti vyavasitaH / zakuntalA vastraM Dhaukate " / sabhaya hAsya ra.nA. meM Alekhya darzana ke avasara para susaGgatA ke isa kathana meM upasthita huA hai- " jJAto mayaiSa vRttAntaH samaM citraphalakena / taddevyai gatvA nivedyissyaami'| ye saba vAkyasambandhI narma ke udAharaNa haiN| (6/146) 44 narma- pratimukha sandhi kA eka aGga / parihAsa se yukta vacana narma kahe jAte haiM-parihAsavaco narma / isakA udAharaNa ra.nA. meM susaGgatA aura sAgarikA kA yaha vArttAlApa hai-" sakhi ! yasya kRte tvamAyAtA so'yaM te puratastiSThatIti / " 'kasya kRte'hmaagtaa''|" ayi anyazaGkite nanu citrphlksy'"| (6/86) narmagarbha:- kaizikI vRtti kA eka aGga / jahA~ nAyaka pracchanna rUpa se vyavahAra kare - narmagarbho vyavahRtirnetuH pracchannavarttinaH / yathA mA.mA. meM sakhIrUpadhArI mAdhava ke dvArA mAlatI ko maraNa se roknaa| (6/149) narmadyutiH- pratimukha sandhi kA eka aGga / parihAsa kI sahiSNutA ko narmadyuti kahate haiM- dyutistu parihAsajA narmadyutiH / yathA ra. nA. meM susaGgatA aura sAgarikA kA yaha vArttAlApa - " susaGgatA - sakhi ! adakSiNA idAnIM tvamasi yA evaM bhartrA hastAvalambitApi kopaM na muJcasi / sAgarikA - susaGgate ! idAnImapi na virmsi'| yahA~ sAgarikA kI parihAsasahiSNutA vyakta huI hai| kucha AcArya doSa ko chipAne vAle hAsya ko narmadyuti kahate haiM - doSasyAcchAdanaM hAsya narmadyutiH / (6/87) narmasphUrja:- kaizikI vRtti kA eka aGga / prArambha meM sukhada tathA anta meM bhayadAyaka navIna saGgama ko narmasphUrja kahate haiM - narmasphUrjaH sukhArambho bhayAnto navasaGgamaH / yathA mA.a. meM meM mAlavikA kA rAjA ke prati yaha kathana-bhartaH! devyA bhayenAtmano'pi priyaM karttuM na pArayAmi / ( 6/147) narmasphoTa:- kaizikI vRtti kA eka aGga / thoDe-thor3e prakAzita bhAvoM se jahA~ kucha-kucha rasa sUcita hotA hai, use narmasphoTa kahate haiM- narmasphoTo bhAvalezaiH sUcitAlparaso mataH / yathA mA.mA. meM isa padya meM mAdhava kA mAlatI ke prati kucha kucha anurAga prakAzita huA hai- gamanamalasaM zUnyA dRSTiH zarIramasauSThavaM, zvasitamadhikaM kiM nvetatsyAt kimanyadito'thavA / bhramati bhuvane kandarpAjJA vikAri ca yauvanaM, lalitamadhurAste te bhAvAH kSipanti ca dhiirtaam|| (6/148)

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87 nATikA nATakam nATakam-rUpaka kA eka pramukha bhed| AcArya vizvanAtha ke dvArA prastuta nATaka kA lakSaNa usake viziSTa guNa athavA tattva kA sUtrAtmaka kathana na hokara usake svarUpa kA vizada vyAkhyAna hai| isameM vastu, netA aura rasa tInoM hI ke viSaya meM viziSTa mAnyatAyeM prastuta kI gayI hai| nATaka kA kathAnaka rAmAyaNAdi itihAsaprasiddha, vilAsa tathA samRddhi se yukta evam aneka prakAra ke aizvaryoM ke varNana se sampanna honA cAhie jisameM cAra athavA pA~ca pAtroM ko phalaprApti meM nirantara vyApata dikhAyA jAnA caahie| nATaka kA agrabhAga gopucchAgrasamagram hotA hai arthAt gopuccha ke bAlA ke samAna isakA prArambha ekAdha pramukha ghaTanA se honA cAhie jo madhya meM anaka patAkA aura prakariyoM se samanvita hotA huA anta meM usI eka pradhAna kathAnaka meM upasaMhRta ho jAtA hai| nATaka kA vistAra pA~ca se dasa aGkoM taka kA kahA gayA hai| rasa to isakA prANabhUta hI hai| yadyapi nirantara aneka raso kA prayoga hone kA vidhAna hai parantu kevala zRGgAra athavA vIra hI aGgI rasa ke rUpa meM mAnya hai| anya rasoM kA prayoga aGgarUpa meM hotA hai| nirvahaNa sandhi meM adbhuta ke prayoga kA vidhAna hai| nATaka kA nAyaka kulIna, udAtta, pratApA, guNavAn tathA divya athavA divyAdivya koTi kA ho sakatA hai-nATaka khyAtavRttaM syaatpnycsndhismnvitm| vilAsAdiguNavad yukta naanaavibhuutibhiH| sukhduHkhsmudbhuutinaanaarsnirntrm| paJcAdhikA dazaparAstatrAGkAH prikiirtitaaH| prakhyAtavaMzo rAjarSiIrodAttaH, prtaapvaan| divyo'tha divyAdivyA vA guNavAnnAyako mtH| eka eva bhavedaGgI zRGgAro vIra eva vaa| aGgamanya rasAH sarve kArya nirvhnne'dbhutm| catvAraH paJca vA mukhyA: kaayvyaapRtpuurussaaH| gopucchAgrasamAgrantu bandhanaM tasya kiirtitm|| (6/6) nATikA-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| nATikA meM cAra aGkA kA kAlpata kathAvastu kA vidhAna hotA hai| isakA nAyaka prasiddha dhIralalita rAjA hotA hai tathA nAyikA anta:pura se sambaddha, saGgIta Adi meM vyApta, navAna anurAga se yukta rAjavaMza kI kanyA hotI hai| eka rAjavaMza kI hI pragalbhA jyeSThA nAyikA hotI hai jo pada pada para mAna karatI hai| nAyaka aura nAyikA kA milana usI ke vaza meM hotA hai tathA rAjA usI ke bhaya se zaGkita rahatA hai| isameM kaizikI vRtti (ataeva zRGgArarasa) tathA svalpa vimarzayukta sandhiyA

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nATyarAsakam 88 nATyAlaGkAraH hotI haiM-nATikA klRptavRttA syAtstrIprAyA caturaGkikA / prakhyAto dhIralalitastatra syAnnAyako nRpH| syAdantaHpurasambaddhA saMgItavyApRtA'thavA / navAnurAgA kanyAtra nAyikA nRpavaMzajA / sampravartteta netA'syAM devyAstrAsena zaGkitaH / devI punarbhavejjyeSThA pragalbhA nRpavaMzajA / pade pade mAnavatI tadvaze saGgamo dvayoH / vRtti: syAtkaizikI svalpavimarzAH sandhayaH punaH / / isakA udAharaNa ratnAvalI tathA viddhazAlabhaJjikA haiN| (6/281 ) nATyarAsakam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| yaha pracura laya aura tAla se yukta ekAGkI racanA hai| isameM mukha aura nirvahaNa sandhiyoM kA prayoga hotA hai| kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra isameM pratimukha ke atirikta sabhI sandhiyA~ prayukta hotI haiM tathA dasoM lAsyAGga hote haiN| udAtta nAyaka, aisA hI pIThamarda upanAyaka, vAsakasajjA nAyikA tathA zRGgArasahita hAsyarasa aGgI hotA hai-nATyarAsakamekAGkaM bahutAlalayasthiti / udAttanAyakaM tadvat piitthmrdopnaaykm| hAsyo'Ggyatra sazRGgAro nArI vAsakasajjikA / mukhanirvahaNe sandhI lAsyAGgAni dazApi ca / kecitpratimukhaM sandhimiha necchanti kevalam / / do sandhiyoM vAlA rAsaka narmavatI tathA cAra sandhiyoM vAlA vilAsavatI hai| (6/285) nATyAlaGkAraH - nATyasaundarya ke hetu ! guNa, alaGkAra aura lakSaNoM ke samAna nATyAlaGkAra bhI nATyasaundarya ko utpanna karane ke hetu haiM - iti nATyAlaGkRtayo nATyabhUSaNahetavaH / chattIsa lakSaNoM tathA taiMtIsa nATyAlaGkAroM kA vivecana karane ke anantara AcArya vizvanAtha ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki ye donoM yadyapi sAmAnya rUpa se eka hI haiM tathApi paramparA kA pAlana karate hue inakA pRthak nirdeza gaDDalikApravAha se kara diyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI inameM se kucha guNa, alaGkAra, bhAva, sandhyaGga Adi meM antarbhUta kiye jA sakate haiM, ataeva kucha AcAryoM ne inakA pRthak nirdeza nahIM bhI kiyA, tathApi yahA~ unakA pRthak rUpa se vizeSa nirUpaNa nATya meM unakI avazyakarttavyatA kA vidhAna karatA hai| bharatamuni ne nATya meM inake prayoga para bahuta adhika bala diyA hai - paJcasandhi caturvRtti catuHSaSTyaGgasaMyutam / SaTtriMzallakSaNopetamalaGkAropazobhitam / ... kavi : kuryAttu naattkm|| (6/207-40)

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nAndI 89 . nAndI nAndI-nATya ke prArambha meM kiyA jAne vAlA mAGgalika anusstthaan| AcArya bharata ne nA.zA. meM pUrvaraGga ke pratyAhAra Adi unnIsa aGgoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM nAndI pramukha hai| isakI avazyakarttavyatA para bala dete hue AcArya vizvanAtha ne kahA hai ki yadyapi pUrvaraGga ke pratyAhAra Adi aneka aGga haiM tathApi raGgavighnoM kI upazAnti ke lie nAndI kA prayoga avazya karanA cAhie-pratyAhArAdikAnyaGgAnyasya bhUyAMsi ydypi| tathApyavazyaM karttavyA nAndI vighnopshaantye|| yaha sabhI ko Anandita karatI hai, ata: isakI nAndIsaMjJA anvarthikA hai-nandayati devAdIn stutyA, Anandayati sabhyAn stutadevatAprasAdAditi naandii| isameM ATha athavA bAraha padoM meM devatA, brAhmaNa, rAjA Adi kI AzIrvacana se yukta stuti kI jAtI hai| yaha kisI mAGgalika vastu zaGkha, cakra, kamala, cakravAka, kumudAdi ke varNana se yukta hotI hai-AzIrvacanasaMyuktA stutirysmaatpryujyte| devadvijanRpAdInAM tasmAnnAndIti sNjnyitaa| mngglyshngkhcndraabjkokkairvshNsinii| padairyuktA dvAdazabhiraSTabhirvA pdairut|| aSTapadA nAndI anargharAghava meM tathA dvAdazapadA kavirAja ke tAtapAda dvArA racita puSpamAlA meM hai| .. ___ yahA~ AcArya vizvanAtha ne eka zAstrIya prazna uThAyA hai ki uparyukta padyoM ko kinhIM anya AcAryoM ke matAnusAra hI nAndI kaha diyA gayA hai, vastutaH yaha pUrvaraGga kA raGgadvAra nAmaka aGga hai| isase abhinaya kA prArambha . hone ke kAraNa hI isakI saMjJA raGgadvAra hai-yasmAdabhinayo hyatra praathmyaadvtaaryte| raGgadvAramato jJeyaM vaagnggaabhinyaatmkm|| nAndI kA prayoga isase pUrva kiyA jAtA hai jo svayaM naToM ke dvArA hI karttavya hotA hai| ataeva AcArya ne nATyaracanA ke prakaraNa meM isakA nirdeza nahIM kiyaa| dUsarI ora yadi pUrvodAhRta padyoM ko nAndI mAnA jAye to yaha lakSaNa vikramorvazIyam ke 'vedAnteSu yamAhuH' Adi padyoM meM bhI ativyApta ho jAyegA jabaki aSTapadA athavA dvAdazapadA kA lakSaNa isameM ghaTita nahIM hotaa| isIlie prAcIna saMskaraNoM meM "nAndyante sUtradhAraH" isa kathana ke anantara hI uparyukta zloka kA pATha kiyA gayA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki nAndI ke anantara sUtradhAra ne isa zloka kA pATha kiyA hai| (6/10-11)

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nAyakaH 90 nAyakaH nAyaka:- kAvya/nATya kA pradhAna pAtra / nAyaka kathA kA pradhAna pAtra hotA hai jo na kevala pUre kathAnaka meM vyApta rahatA hai balki use phala kI ora bhI le jAtA hai tathA anta meM utkarSa (vijayarUpa phala) ko prApta karatA hai, ataH zAstroM meM vistAra se usake guNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| sA.da. meM una guNoM kA saGgraha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - tyAgI kRtI kulInaH suzrIko rUpayauvanotsAhI / dksso'nurktlokstejovaidgdhyshiilvaannetaa|| arthAt vaha dAtA, karmakuzala, uccakulotpanna, lakSmIvAn, rUpavAn, yuvaka, utsAhI, kArya ko zIghratA se karane vAlA, lokapriya, teja, vidvattA aura zIla se yukta hotA hai| nAyaka ke viziSTa sAttvika guNoM meM zobhA, vilAsa, mAdhurya, gAmbhIrya, dhairya, teja, lAlitya aura audArya kI gaNanA kI gayI hai| mukhya rUpa se nAyaka cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - dhIrodAtta, dhIroddhata, dhIralalita aura dhIraprazAnta / ye cAroM prakAra ke nAyaka dakSiNa, dhRSTa, anukUla aura zaTha ke bheda se punaH cAra-cAra prakAra ke hokara solaha prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| ye sabhI solaha prakAra ke nAyaka uttama, madhyama aura adhama ke bheda se tIna-tIna prakAra ke hote hai| isa prakAra nAyaka kula ar3atAlIsa prakAra ke haiN| nAyaka ke bahuvyApI vyApAra meM usakI sahAyatA karane vAle pAtra nAyaka ke sahAyaka kahe jAte haiN| inameM sabase pramukha pIThamarda patAkA kA nAyaka hotA hai jo nAyaka ke sudUravartI caritra meM usakI sahAyatA karatA hai| yaha usakA uttama koTi kA sahAyaka mAnA gayA hai| zRGgArakArya meM viTa, ceTa tathA vidUSaka Adi usakI sahAyatA karate haiN| ye sabhI svAmibhakta, parihAsa meM catura tathA kupita nAyikA kA prasAdana karane meM nipuNa hote haiN| inameM se viTa aura vidUSaka madhyama koTi ke tathA ceTa Adi (mAlI, dhobI, tamolI, gandhI) adhama koTi ke sahAyaka haiN| arthacintA meM rAjA kI sahAyatA mantrI karatA hai / antaHpura meM baune, napuMsaka, kirAta, mleccha, ahIra, zakAra, kubar3e Adi usakI sahAyatA karate haiN| daNDaprayoga meM mitra, rAjakumAra, ATavika tathA sainika loga usake sahAyaka hote haiN| dharmakAryoM meM Rtvik, purohita, brahmajJAnI tathA tapasvI usakA sahayoga karate haiN| rAjA ke sandeza Adi le jAne meM usakI sahAyatA ke lie dUta niyukta hote haiN| (3/35)

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nAyikA nAlikA nAyikA-kAvya/nATya kA pradhAna striipaatr| nAyaka meM tyAga Adi jina guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, nAyikA sAdhAraNa rUpa se una saba guNoM se yukta hotI hai tathA nAyaka kI premAspada hotI hai-nAyikA punarnAyakasAmAnyaguNaistyAgAdibhiryathAsambhavairyuktA bhvti| yauvana meM nAyikAoM ke aThAIsa sAttvika alaGkAra hote haiN| inameM se bhAva, hAva aura helA ye tIna aGgaja alaGkAra haiM kyoMki inakA sambandha zarIra ke sAtha hotA hai| zobhA, kAnti, dIpti, mAdhurya, pragalbhatA, audArya aura dhairya ye sAta ayatnaja haiN| zeSa aThAraha lIlA, vilAsa, vicchitti, bibboka, kilakiJcita, moTTAyita, kuTTamita, vibhrama, lalita, mada, vihata, tapana, maugdhya, vikSepa, kutUhala, hasita, cakita aura keli svabhAvaja bhAva haiN| inameM se prathama daza (bhAva se dhairya taka) puruSoM meM bhI ho sakate haiM parantu nAyikAzrita hokara hI ye vizeSa rUpa se camatkAraka hote haiN| ___ pradhAna rUpa se nAyikA tIna prakAra kI hotI hai-svakIyA, parakIyA aura sAdhAraNI strii| inameM se svakIyA mugdhA, madhyA aura pragalbhA ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI hai| mugdhA aura pragalbhA bhI dhIrA, adhIrA aura dhIrAdhIrA ke bheda se punaH tIna-tIna prakAra kI hotI haiN| madhyA aura pragalbhA ke rUpa meM ye cha: prakAra kI nAyikAyeM pati ke prema ke AdhAra para jyeSThA aura kaniSThA ke rUpa meM do-do prakAra kI hotI haiN| isa prakAra mugdhA tathA cha:-chaH prakAra kI madhyA aura pragalbhA nAyikAyeM milakara svakIyA ke teraha bheda banate haiN| parakIyA nAyikA praur3hA tathA kanyakA ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI hotI hai| isa prakAra teraha prakAra kI svakIyA, do prakAra kI parakIyA tathA sAdhAraNa strI milakara nAyikAoM ke solaha bheda hue| ye sabhI solaha prakAra kI nAyikAyeM svAdhInapatikA, khaNDitA, abhisArikA, kalahAntaritA, vipralabdhA, proSitabhartRkA, vAsakasajjA tathA virahotkaNThitA ke rUpa meM ATha-ATha prakAra kI hotI haiN| ataH nAyikAoM ke ye 128 bheda hue jo uttama, madhyama aura adhama ke rUpa meM punaH tIna se guNita hokara 384 ho jAte haiN| (3/68) naalikaa-viithyngg| hAsya se yukta prahelikA hI nAlikA hotI hai-prahelikaiva hAsyena yuktA bhavati naalikaa| yathA ra.nA. meM susaGgatA sAgarikA

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nidarzanam 92 nidarzanA se kahatI hai " sakhi ! yasya kRte tvamAgatA sa ihaiva tiSThati" / sAgarikA yaha sunakara ThiThaka jAtI hai / " kasya kRte'hamAgatA", usake aisA pUchane para susaGgatA ke " nanu khalu citraphalakasya " isa uttara se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki vaha rAjA ke lie hI yahA~ AI hai / vizvanAtha ne nAlikA kA yaha lakSaNa dazarUpaka se kucha parivartana ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA hai| vahA~ "sopahAsA nigUr3hArthA nAlikaiva prahelikA " isa prakAra lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH vizvanAtha ke 'hAsya' kI apekSA dhanaJjaya kA 'upahAsa' pada adhika samucita hai| isake atirikta unakA 'vigUr3hArthA' pada bhI sAbhiprAya hai parantu vizvanAtha ne isa bhAva ko prahelikA pada meM hI gatArtha mAna liyA hai| vRtti meM unhoMne gopanakArI uttara ko prahelikA pada kA vAcya kahA hai-saMvaraNakAryuttaraM prahelikA / (6/272) nidarzanam - eka nATyalakSaNa / jahA~ parapakSa ke khaNDana ke lie prasiddha vastuoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ nidarzana nAmaka lakSaNa hotA hai - yatrArthAnAM prasiddhAnAM kriyate parikIrttanam / parapakSavyudAsArthaM tannidarzanamucyate / / yathA- kSAtradharmocitairdharmairalaM zatruvadhe nRpAH / kintu bAlini rAmeNa mukto bANaH parAGmukhe / / isa padya meM kSatriyoM ke dvArA kSAtradharma ke pAlana kA niSedha karane ke lie rAma ke dvArA parAGmukha bAlI para bANapAta rUpa prasiddha artha kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| (6/180) nidarzanA- eka arthAlaGkAra / jahA~ bAdhita athavA abAdhita hokara bhI upameyopamAna kA paraspara sambandha bimbapratibimbabhAva kA bodhana kare, vaha nidarzanA hai - sambhavanvastusambandho'sambhavanvApi kutracit / yatra bimbAnubimbatvaM bodhayetsA nidarzanA / isa prakAra nidarzanA ke ye do rUpa ho jAte haiN| ko'tra bhUmivalaye janAnmudhA tApayansucirameti sampadam / vedayanniti dinena bhAnumAnAsasAda caramAcalaM ttH|| isa padya meM caramAcala kI ora jAte hue sUrya kA isa prakAra vaktRtvena sambandha sambhava hai| vaha sUrya ke asta hone aura paritApiyoM ke vipatti meM par3ane rUpa do kriyAoM meM bimbapratibimbabhAva ko pradarzita kara rahA hai| asambhavavastusambandhA nidarzanA eka athavA aneka vAkyoM meM sthita hone ke kAraNa do prakAra kI hotI hai| kalayati kuvalayamAlAlalitaM kuTila:

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nidrA 93 niyame -aniyamatvam kttaakssvikssepH| adharaH kisalayalIlAmAnanamasyAH kalAnidhivilAsam / / prathama prakAra kA tathA - idaM kilAvyAjamanoharaM vapustapaH kSamaM sAdhayituM ya icchati / dhruvaM sa nIlotpalapatradhArayA zamIlatAM chettumRSirvyavasyati / / yaha dvitIya prakAra kA udAharaNa hai| nidarzanA mAlArUpa bhI ho sakatI hai / tadyathA - kSipasi zukaM vRSadaMzakavadane, mRgamarpayasi mRgAdanaradane / vitarasi turagaM mahiSaviSANe, nidadhacceto bhogavitAne / / nidarzanA meM jaba taka bimbapratibimbabhAva kA AkSepa na kiyA jAye taba taka vAkyArtha prApta nahIM hotA jabaki dRSTAnta meM vAkyArtha kI prApti ke anantara sAdRzya kI pratIti hotI hai / arthApatti meM to vAkyArtha kA sAMdRzya meM paryavasAna hI nahIM hotA / ( 10/70 ) nidrA - eka vyabhicArI bhaav| parizrama, glAni, mada Adi se utpanna citta kI bAhya viSayoM se nivRtti nidrA kahI jAtI hai| ja~bhAI, A~kha banda honA, ucchvAsa, aMgar3AI lenA Adi isake anubhAva haiM- ceta: saMmIlanaM nidrA zramaklamamadAdijA / jumbhAkSimIlanocchvAsa gAtra bhaGgAdikAraNam / / yathA - sArthakAnarthakapadaM bruvatI mantharAkSaram / nidrArdhamIlitAkSI sA likhitevAsti me hRdi / (3/164) niyatAptiH - kArya kI caturtha avasthA / apAya ke dUra ho jAne se phala kI nizcita prApti niyatApti nAmaka kAryAvasthA hai- apAyAbhAvataH prAptirniyatAptistu nizcitA / yathA ra.nA. meM rAjA ke " devIprasAdanaM tyaktvA nAnyamatropAyaM pazyAmi" isa kathana se prekSakoM ko phalApti kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| (6/58) niyame - aniyamatvam - eka kAvyadoSa / jahA~ niyamasahita bAta kahanI cAhie, vahA~ vinA niyama ke usakA varNana kiyA jAnA niyame'niyamatva doSa hai / yathA - ApAtasurase bhoge nimagnAH kiM na kurvate / yahA~ 'ApAte eva' isa prakAra kA niyama kahA jAnA ucita hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| vAcyAnabhidhAna nAmaka vAkyadoSa ke udAharaNa meM 'api' zabda kA abhAva hai, yahA~ 'eva' zabda kaa| phira ina donoM ko eka hI kyoM na mAna liyA jaaye| parantu 'vyatikramalavam' ityAdi meM zabda ke uccAraNa ke anantara

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94 niraGgarUpakam nirvahaNam hI doSa kA AbhAsa ho jAtA hai, yahA~ arthapratIti ke bAda usakA AbhAsa hotA hai| (7/5) - niraGgarUpakam-rUpaka alaGkAra kA eka bhed| jahA~ kisI kA sAGgopAGga varNana na ho, kevala aGgI kA hI rUpaNa ho-niraGga kevalasyaiva ruupnnm| yaha kevalaniraGga tathA mAlAniraGga ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hotA hai| inake udAharaNa kramazaH ye haiM-dAse kRtAgasi bhaveducitaH prabhUNAM, pAdaprahAra iti sundari nAsmi duuye| udyatkaThorapulakAGkurakaNTakAgraiH yatkhidyate mRdu padaM nanu sA vyathA me| tathA, nirmANakauzalaM dhAtuzcandrikA lokckssussaaN| krIDAgRhamanaGgasya seymindiivrekssnnaa|| (10/47) nirarthakam-eka kaavydoss| chandaHpUraNamAtra ke lie prayukta pada nirarthaka hote haiN| yathA-muJca mAnaM hi maanini| isa paMkti meM 'hi' pada chandaHpUrti mAtra ke lie prayukta huA hai| yaha padadoSa hai| nirukti:-eka naattylkssnn| pUrvasiddha artha kA kathana nirukti kahA jAtA hai-pUrvasiddhArthakathanaM niruktiriti kiirtyte| isakA udAharaNa ve.saM. meM bhIma kA 'nihatAzeSakauravyaH" ityAdi kathana hai| (6/189) nirNayaH-nirvahaNa sandhi kA eka angg| anubhUta artha ke kathana ko nirNaya kahate haiM-nirNayaH punrnubhuutaarthkthnm| ve.saM. meM bhIma kA-"bhUmau kSiptaM zarIram0" Adi kathana isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/127) nirmuktapunaruktatvam-eka kaavydoss| samApita vaktavya kA phira se kathana karane laganA nirmuktapunaruktatva nAmaka arthadoSa hai| yathA-lagnaM rAgAvRtAGgyA sudRr3hamiha yathaivAsi yaSTyArikaNThe, mAtaGgAnAmapIhopari parapuruSairyA ca dRSTA ptntii| tatsakto'yaM na kiJcidgaNayati viditaM te'stu tenAsmi dattA, bhRtyebhyaH zrIniyogAd gaditumiti gatevAmbudhiM yasya kiirtiH|| yahA~ 'viditaM te'stu' isI para yaha vacana samApta ho cukA thA, "tenAsmi dattA0' Adi se use punaH upAtta kiyA gayA hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) nirvahaNam-sandhi kA paJcama bhed| bIja se yukta tathA mukhAdi sandhiyoM meM vikIrNa arthoM kA eka pradhAna artha meM upasaMhAra nirvahaNa sandhi hai-bIjavanto mukhAdyarthA viprakIrNA ythaaythm| aikArthyamupanIyante yatra nirvahaNaM hi tt||

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nirveda: nizcayaH 95 isameM kAryanAmaka arthaprakRti tathA phalAgama nAmaka avasthA kA mizraNa hotA hai yathA ve.saM. meM kaJcukI ke "mahArAja ! varddhase ! ayaM khalu bhImaseno duryodhanakSatajAruNIkRtasarvazarIro durlakSyavyaktiH " isa kathana meM samasta sandhiyoM meM upanyasta bIjarUpa kathAMza pradhAna phala meM upasaMhRta hue haiN| athavA a.zA. meM zakuntalA ke pratyabhijJAna ke anantara kA kathAnaka isakA udAharaNa hai| isake caudaha aGga haiM- sandhi, vibodha, grathana, nirNaya, paribhASaNa, kRti, prasAda, Ananda, samaya, upagUhana, bhASaNa, pUrvavAkya kAvyasaMhAra aura prazasti / yahA~ 'prazasti' kA grahaNa una AcAryoM ke mata se huA hai jo garbhasandhi meM prArthanA ko sandhyaGga nahIM maante| (6/67) nirveda:- eka vyabhicArI bhAva / tattvajJAna, Apatti, IrSyA Adi ke kAraNa svayaM ko dhikkAranA nirveda kahA jAtA hai| isameM dInatA, cintA, azru, nizvAsa, vaivarNya, ucchvAsa Adi hote haiM - tattvajJAnApadIrSyAdernirvedaH svAvamAnanam / dainyacintAzrunizvAsavaivarNyocchvasitAdikRt / / yathA--mRtkumbhabAlukArandhrapidhAnaracanArthinA / dakSiNAvarttazaGkho'yaM hanta cUrNIkRto mayA / / isa padya meM tattvajJAna se utpanna nirveda kA varNana hai / (3/149) nirhetutvam - eka kAvyadoSa / jahA~ varNita kiye gaye kisI kArya kA hetu na batAyA jAye vahA~ nirhetu doSa hotA hai| yathA - gRhItaM yenAsI: paribhavabhayAnnocitamapi, prabhAvAdyasyAbhUnna khalu tava kazcinna viSayaH / parityaktaM tena tvamapi sutazokAnna tu bhayAt, vimokSye zastra tvAmahamapi yataH svasti bhavate / / yahA~ dvitIya zastramocana kA koI hetu nahIM batAyA gyaa| parantu jahA~ vastu prasiddha ho vahA~ nirhetutA doSa nahIM hotaa| yaha arthadoSa hai / (7/5) nivedanam-eka naattyaalngkaar| anabhimata kArya ke kathana ko nivedana kahate haiM-avadhIritakarttavyakathanaM tu nivedanam / yathA rA.a. meM rAma kI samudraprArthanA lakSmaNadvArA anabhimata hone para usakA yaha kathana - " Arya! samudrAbhyarthanayA gantumudyato'si / tatkimetat ?" (6/235) nivRttiH- bhANikA kA eka aGga / dRSTAnta ke nirUpaNa ko nivRtti kahate haiM - nidarzanasyopanyAso nivRttiriti kathyate / (6/300) nizcaya :- eka arthAlaGkAra / upamAna kA niSedha karake upameya kI

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96 nisRSTArthaH nihatArthaH sthApanA nizcaya alaGkAra hai-anyanniSidhya prakRtasthApanaM nizcayaH punH| yathA-vadanamidaM na sarojaM, nayane nendIvare ete| iha savidhe mugdhadRzo bhramara, mudhA kiM pribhrmsi|| yaha nizcayAnta sandeha nahIM hai kyoMki usameM saMzaya aura nizcaya kA Azraya eka hI hotA hai jabaki yahA~ sandeha bhramara ko huA hai aura nizcaya nAyaka ko| dasUre, vastutaH yahA~ bhramara ko bhI sandeha nahIM hai kyoMki sandeha hone para usakI pravRtti hI nahIM ho sakatI thii| yahA~ bhrAntimAn bhI nahIM hai kyoMki bhramara ko bhrAnti to avazya huI hai parantu usameM koI camatkAra nahIM hai| camatkAra to nAyaka kI ukti meM hai| dUsare, bhramara ko bhrAnti athavA usakI pravRtti na hone para bhI nAyikA ko cATukAritApUrvaka prasanna karane ke lie isa prakAra kA kathana sambhava hai| rUpakadhvani to nahIM hI ho sakatI kyoMki mukha kA kamala ke rUpa meM nirdhAraNa nahIM hai| apahanuti meM upameya kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai parantu yahA~ mukha kA niSedha nahIM hai| ataH yaha ina sabase vyatirikta eka navIna hI nizcaya nAmaka alaGkAra hai| (10/57) nisRSTArthaH-dUta kA eka prkaar| jisane preSita kiyA hai aura jisake pAsa preSita kiyA hai, una donoM ke abhiprAya ko samajhakara jo svayam uttara de de tathA kArya ko sampanna kara le vaha nisRSTArtha dUta hotA hai-ubhayorbhAvamunnIya svayaM vadati cottrm| suzliSTaM kurute kArya nisRSTArthastu sa smRtH|| (3/59) nihatArtha:-eka kaavydoss| prasiddha aura aprasiddha donoM arthoM ke vAcaka zabda kA aprasiddha artha meM prayoga nihatArtha hai-nihatArthatvamubhayArthasya zabdasyAprasiddhe'rthe pryogH| yathA-yamunAzambaraM vytaaniit| isa paMkti meM zambara zabda jala artha meM prayukta huA hai (nIrakSIrAmbu zambaram iti kozaH) parantu yaha zambara nAmaka asura ke lie hI pradhAnatayA prayukta hotA hai| isI prakAra "akAlasandhyAmiva dhAtumattAm" meM 'mattA' yaha aMza pramatta strI kA vAcaka prasiddha hai, tadvattA rUpa artha meM aprsiddh| pada ke eka aMza meM hone ke kAraNa yaha padAMzadoSa hai| __aprayukta doSa ekArthaka zabdoM meM hI hotA hai, nihatArtha vyarthaka zabdoM meN| zleSAdi meM yaha doSa nahIM hotaa| (7/3)

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nItiH 97 patAkA nItiH-eka naattyaalngkaar| zAstrAnusAra vyavahAra karane ko nIti kahate haiM-nIti:zAstreNa vrttnm| yathA a.zA. meM duSyanta kA yaha kathana-vinItaveSapravezyAni tpovnaani| (6/226) / nIlIrAgaH-pUrvarAga kA eka prkaar| jo bAhara se camaka na dikhAye parantu hRdaya meM sthita rahe, vaha nIlIrAga hotA hai-na cAtizobhate yannApaiti prema mnogtm| tannIlIrAgamAkhyAtaM yathA shriiraamsiityoH|| (3/201) neyArthaH-eka kaavydoss| rUr3hi athavA prayojana ke atirikta apanI vyutpatti kI asAmarthya se yadi kavi lakSyArtha kA prayoga kare to neyArtha doSa hotA hai-neyArthatvaM rUr3hiprayojanAbhAvAdazaktikRtaM lkssyaarthprkaashnm| yathA-kamale caraNAghAtaM mukhaM sumukhi te'krot| yahA~ caraNAghAta se kamala ko jIta lenA lakSya hai parantu isa lakSaNA kA hetu na to rUr3hi hai, na pryojn| ataH isase kavi kI azakti prakaTa hotI hai| "saGgrAme nihatAH zUrA vacobANatvamAgatAH" yahA~ 'vacaH' zabda gI: kA lakSaka hai parantu rUr3hi athavA prayojana na hone ke kAraNa yaha neyArtha kA udAharaNa hai| yahA~ yaha doSa padAMza meM hai| (7/3) nyUnapadatA-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ koI pada AvazyakatA se kama prayukta ho vahA~ nyUnapadatA doSa hotA hai| yathA-yadi mayyarpitA dRSTiH kiM mamendratayA tdaa| yahA~ prathama caraNa meM 'tvayA' pada nyUna hai| Anandamagna vyakti kI ukti meM nyUnapadatA guNa hI hotI hai| kahIM-kahIM na yaha guNarUpa hotI hai, na dossruup| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) patatkarSa:-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ kAvya kA prakarSa nirantara kama hotA jAye vahA~ patatprakarSa doSa hotA hai| ythaa-projjvljjvlnjvaalaavikttorusttaacchttH| zvAsakSiptakulakSmAbhRtpAtu vo nrkesrii|| isa padya meM anuprAsa kA prakarSa nirantara kama hotA huA anta meM jAkara to bilkula samApta ho gayA hai| kabhI-kabhI yaha doSa guNarUpa bhI ho jAtA hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) patAkA-arthaprakRti kA eka bhed| jo prAsaGgika kathA dUra taka vyApta ho use patAkA kahate haiM-vyApi prAsaGgika vRttaM ptaaketybhidhiiyte| yathA rAmacarita meM sugrIva ve.saM. meM bhIma tathA a.zA. meM vidUSaka kI kthaa| patAkA kA apanA nAyaka hotA hai parantu usakA koI nijI phala na hotaa| usakI

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patAkAsthAnakam 98 patAkAsthAnakam samasta ceSTAyeM pradhAna nAyaka ke phala ko hI siddha karane ke lie hotI haiM, yathA sugrIvAdi kI rAjyaprApti / bharatamuni kA nirdeza hai ki garbha athavA vimarza sandhi meM hI usakA nirvAha ho jAtA hai- AgarbhAdAvimarzAdvA patAkA vinivrttte| yahA~ AcArya abhinavagupta ne yaha kahA hai ki bharataprokta isa kArikA meM patAkA se abhipraya patAkAnAyaka ke phala se hai kyoMki patAkA to kabhI-kabhI nirvahaNasandhi paryanta bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai - tatra patAketi ptaakaanaaykphlm| nirvahaNaparyantamapi patAkAyAH prvRttidrshnaat| (6/49-50) patAkAsthAnakam-nATaka meM AgAmI vastu kI sUcanA dene kA sAdhana / jahA~ pAtra ko to anya artha abhilaSita ho parantu acintitopanata padArtha ke dvArA usI ke sadRza dUsarA hI artha upasthita ho jAye - yatrArthe cintite'nyasmin talliGgo'nyaH prayujyate / Agantukena bhAvena patAkAsthAnakantu tat / / isase kathAvastu meM vaicitrya kA samAveza hotA hai| isake cAra bheda hote haiM - ( 1 ) jahA~ upacAra ke dvArA sahasA adhika guNayukta abhISTasiddhi utpanna ho jAye, vaha prathama patAkAsthAnaka hai - sahasaivArthasampattirguNavatyupacArataH / patAkAsthAnakamidaM prathamaM parikIrtitam / yathA ra.nA. meM rAjA chadmaveSadhAriNI sAgarikA ko vAsavadattA samajhakara use kaNThapAza se chur3AtA hai, tabhI usakI kaNThadhvani se yaha jAnakara use aura bhI Ananda hotA hai ki vaha usakI priyatamA sAgarikA hai-'" kathaM me priyA sAgarikA " / (2) jahA~ zliSTa vacanoM ke dvArA prastuta aura aprastuta donoM hI arthoM kI pratIti ho vahA~ dvitIya patAkAsthAnaka hotA hai - vacaH sAtizayazliSTaM nAnAbandhasamAzrayam / patAkAsthAnakamidaM dvitIyaM parikIrtitam / yathA ve.saM. meM raktaprasAdhita- bhuvaH kSatavigrahAzca, svasthA bhavantu kururAjasutAH sabhRtyAH / isakA sUtradhAra kA abhISTa artha to yahI hai ki 'jinhoMne pRthvI ko jIta liyA hai aura jinakA jhagar3A naSTa ho gayA hai aise kaurava apane bhRtyoM ke sAtha svastha ho jAyeM parantu zleSa se yahA~ eka anya artha - jinake rakta se pRthvI raJjita ho gayI hai aura jinake zarIra naSTa ho gaye haiM, aise kaurava svargastha ho jAyeM, bhI pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra isase nATaka ke bIjabhUta artha tathA nAyaka ke maGgala kI bhI pratIti hotI hai| / (3) zliSTa pratyuttara se yukta tathA avyakta artha ko vinayapUrvaka sUcita karane vAlA tRtIya patAkAsthAnaka hotA hai- arthopakSepakaM yattu lInaM savinayaM

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padagatA lakSaNA 99 padam bhvet| zliSTapratyuttaropetaM tRtIyamidamucyate / / yathA ve.saM. nATaka ke dvitIyAGka meM kaJcukI dvArA duryodhana ko yaha sUcita karane meM ki bhIma ne Apake ratha kI dhvajA tor3a dI hai, bhIma dvArA duryodhana ke jaGghA tor3ane kI bhAvI ghaTanA kI bhI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| (4) zleSayukta dvyarthaka vacanoM ke upanyAsa se jahA~ pradhAna phala kI sUcanA prApta ho, vaha caturtha patAkAsthAnaka hai - hRdo vacanavinyAsaH suzliSTaH kAvyayojitaH / pradhAnArthAntarAkSepI patAkAsthAnakaM prm|| yathA ra.nA. meM rAjA ke " adyodyAnalatAmimAM samadanAM nArImivAnyAM dha vaM pazyankopavipATaladyutimukhaM devyAH kariSyAmyaham / rAjA ke isa vAkya se bhAvI kathA kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| yahA~ 'uddAma' Adi vizeSaNa nArI aura latA donoM ke sAtha zliSTa haiN| AcArya vizvanAtha kA yaha vivecana sarvathA bharatAnusArI hai| ye patAkAsthAnaka sabhI sandhiyoM meM kahIM maGgalArthaka aura kahIM amaGgalArthaka prayukta hote haiM / kavi kI icchAnusAra inakA punaH panaH bhI prayoga ho sakatA hai / kathAnaka meM vaicitryAdhAna ke nimitta ye atyanta upAdeya haiM, ataH inake prayoga ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kA bandhana lagAnA AcArya ko abhimata nahIM hai| (6/26-31) padagatA lakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bheda / ATha prakAra kI rUr3hi tathA battIsa prakAra kI prayojanavatI lakSaNA yadi padaniSTha ho to vaha padagatA lakSaNA hotI hai| yathA- gaGgAyAM ghoSa: / yahA~ lakSaNA gaGgA pada meM hai| (2/18) padam - prayoga ke yogya, ananvita tathA eka artha ke bodhaka varNoM ko 'pada' kahate haiM - varNAH padaM prayogArhAnanvitaikArthabodhakAH / yathA - ghaTaH / lakSaNavAkya meM prayogArha pada ke niveza kA prayojana prAtipadika kI nivRtti hai | vyAkaraNamata meM prAtipadika ke sAtha suptivibhaktiyoM ke yoga se pada kA nirmANa karake hI unakI vAkya meM prayogayogyatA niSpanna hotI hai| mahAbhASyakAra kA kathana hai ki - nApi kevalA prakRtiH prayoktavyA nApi kevalaH prtyyH| ananvita kA abhiprAya hai- dUsare padArtha se asmbddh| isase vAkya aura mahAvAkya kI nivRtti hotI hai kyoMki inase anvita arthAt padArthAntara se sambaddha artha kA hI bodha hotA hai| 'eka' pada ke niveza se

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100 padazleSaH paramparitarUpakam sAkAGkSa aneka pada aura vAkyoM kA vyavaccheda hotA hai| arthavattva vizeSaNa se anarthaka kacaTatapa' ityAdi kI vyAvRtti hotI hai| lakSaNavAkya meM 'varNAH' yahA~ bahuvacana avivakSita hai kyoMki eka athavA do varNoM kA bhI pada ho sakatA hai| (2/4) padazleSaH-zleSAlaGkAra kA eka bhed| jahA~ pada kI zliSTatA se zleSa kI pratIti ho, vaha padazleSa hotA hai| yathA-pRthukArtasvarapAtraM bhUSitanizzeSaparijanaM dev| vilasatkareNugahanaM samprati samamAvayoH sdnm|| isa udAharaNa meM padabhaGga karane para vibhakti aura samAsa bhI bhinna ho jAte haiM [pRthu kArtasvara aura pRthuka Artasvara, bhUSita haiM nizzeSa parijana jisameM aura bhU para uSita haiM nizzeSa parijana jisameM, kareNuoM se vilasita aura reNuoM meM haiM vilasatka (cUhe, vile sIdantIti) jahA~] ata: ve bhinna hI pada bana jAte haiM isalie yaha padazleSa kA udAharaNa hai| nItAnAmAkulIbhAvam Adi zloka meM mukhAdi zabdoM ke zliSTa hone para bhI vibhakti ke abhinna hone ke kAraNa vaha prakRtizleSa kA hI udAharaNa hai kyoMki padazleSa vahIM hotA hai jahA~ vibhakti, samAsAdi bhinna hoN| (10/14 kI vRtti) ____ padoccayaH-eka naattylkssnn| artha ke anurUpa padoM ke gumphana ko padoccaya kahate haiM-saJcayo'rthAnurUpo yaH padAnAM sa pdoccyH| yathA a.zA. ke prasiddha padya-adharaH kisalayarAgaH komalaviTapAnukAriNI baahuu| kusumamiva lobhanIyaM yauvanamaGgeSu snnddhm|| meM padabandha artha ke saukumArya ke anurUpa hI hai| (6/179) padyam-zravyakAvya kA upbhed| chandobaddha padaracanA padya kahI jAtI hai-chandobaddhapadaM pdym| (6/302) parakIyA-nAyikA kA eka bhed| parapuruSa meM anurakta nAyikA parakIyA kahI jAtI hai| vaha do prakAra kI hotI hai-paror3hA tathA kanyakA-parakIyA dvidhA proktA paror3hA kanyakA tthaa| (3/81) paramparitarUpakam-rUpaka kA eka bhed| jahA~ kisI eka kA Aropa dUsare ke Aropa kA kAraNa ho vaha paramparita rUpaka hotA hai-yatra kasyacidAropaH praaropnnkaarnnm| ttprmpritm...|| vaha zliSTa aura

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paramparitarUpakam 101 paramparitarUpakam azliSTa zabdoM se bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai, isa prakAra isake do bheda zliSTazabdanibandhana tathA azliSTazabdanibandhana hote haiN| ye donoM hI bheda kevala aura mAlA ke rUpa meM puna: do-do prakAra ke hote haiN| tadyathA yadi eka hI Aropa kisI anya Aropa kA kAraNa ho to vaha kevala paramparita tathA yadi aneka Aropa aneka anya AropoM ke kAraNa hoM to vaha mAlA paramparita hotA hai| Ahave jgduddnnddraajmnnddlraahve| zrI nRsiMhamahIpAla svastyastu tava baahve|| tathA-padmodayadinAdhIzaH sdaagtismiirnnH| bhUbhRdAvalidambholireka eva bhvaanbhuvi|| inameM se prathama padya meM rAja tathA dvitIya padya meM padmodaya, sadAgati aura bhUbhRt pada zliSTa haiN| ataH ye zliSTazabdanibandhanaparamparitarUpaka ke udAharaNa haiN| prathama padya meM 'rAja' pada rAjA tathA candra donoM arthoM kA vAcaka hai| yahA~ rAjAoM me candra kA Aropa hI bAhu meM rAhu ke Aropa kA kAraNa hai, ataH yahA~ kevalaparamparita rUpaka hai tathA dvitIya padya meM padmodaya pada ke do artha 'kamaloM kA udaya' tathA 'lakSmI kI vRddhi' haiN| lakSmI kI vRddhi para kamaloM ke vikAsa kA Aropa hone ke kAraNa hI rAjA para sUrya kA Aropa hotA hai| dvitIya caraNa meM sajjanoM ke Agamana para sadAgamana kA Aropa hone ke kAraNa hI rAjA para vAyu kA Aropa hotA hai tathA tRtIya caraNa meM rAjAoM para parvata kA aropa hone ke kAraNa hI stUyamAna rAjA para vajratva kA Aropa hotA hai| ata: yaha zliSTazabdanibandhana mAlAparamparita kA udAharaNa hai| pAntu vo jaladazyAmAH shaanggjyaaghaatkrkshaaH| trailokyamaNDapastambhAzcatvAro hribaahvH|| isa padya meM trailokya meM maNDapa kA Aropa hI viSNu kI bhujAoM meM stambhatva ke Aropa kA kAraNa hai, yaha azliSTazabdanibandhanakevalaparamparita kA udAharaNa hai tathA-manojarAjasya sitAtapatraM, zrIkhaNDacitraM hridnggnaayaaH| virAjate vyomasaraH saroja, krpuurpuurprbhmindubimbm|| isa padya meM azliSTamAlAparamparita hai kyoMki yahA~ kAmadeva para rAjA kA Aropa hone ke kAraNa candramA para zveta chatra kA, pUrva dizA para kAminI kA Aropa hone ke kAraNa candramA para tilaka kA tathA AkAza para saroja kA Aropa hone ke kAraNa candramA para kamala kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM kavirAja ne kucha aise AcAryoM kA mata uddhRta kiyA hai jo bhujA Adi meM rAhu Adi ke Aropa ko rAjamaNDala meM candramaNDala

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parikaraH 102 pariNAmaH ko ke Aropa kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| AcArya ' kecit' pada ke dvArA unake abhimata prastutamAtra karake Age bar3ha gaye haiN| isase isa zAstrArtha ke prati unakI aruci prakaTa hotI hai| kahIM-kahIM paramparita rUpaka bhI ekadezavivarti hotA hai| (10/43) parikaraH- mukhasandhi kA eka aGga / utpanna artha kI bahulatA ko parikara kahate haiM - samutpannArthabAhulyaM jJeyaH parikaraH punaH / ve.saM. meM sahadeva ke prati bhImasena kI ukti - pravRddhaM yadvairaM mama khalu zizoreva kurubhirna tatrAryo heturna bhavati kirITI na ca yuvAm / jarAsandhasyora:sthalamiva virUDhaM punarapi, krudhA bhImaH sandhiM vighaTayati yUyaM ghaTayata / / pUrvanikSipta bIja kA hI kiJcit vikAsa hai, ataH yaha parikara nAmaka sandhyaGga hai| (6/70) parikaraH- eka arthAlaGkAra / kahe gaye vizeSaNa yadi kisI viziSTa abhiprAya ke bodhaka hoM to parikara alaGkAra hotA hai- uktirvizeSaNaiH sAbhiprAyaiH parikaro mataH / yathA - " aGgarAja senApate droNopahAsin karNa rakSainaM bhImAd dushshaasnm''| azvatthAmA kA karNa ko ina vizeSaNoM se sambodhita karanA usake senApati hone ke ayogyatvarUpa viziSTa abhiprAya kA dyotana karatA hai| ( 10/75) pariNAma :- eka arthAlaGkAra / jahA~ upamAna upameya ke rUpa meM prastuta kArya meM upayogI hote haiM vahA~ pariNAma alaGkAra hotA hai - viSayAtmatayAropye prakRtArthopayogini / pariNAmo bhavet... / yathA - smitenopAyanaM dUrAdAgatasya kRtaM mm| stanopapIDayAzleSaH kRto dyUte paNastayA / yahA~ smita upAyana ke rUpa meM tathA AzleSa paNa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho rahA hai, ata: pariNAma alaGkAra hai| yadi ye upamAna aura upameya tulya vibhakti ke dvArA nirdiSTa hoM to (1) tulyAdhikaraNa aura yadi asamAna vibhakti ke dvArA inakA nirdeza kiyA jAye to ( 2 ) atulyAdhikaraNa pariNAma hotA hai| uparyukta udAharaNa meM hI pUrvArdha meM smita aura upAyana bhinna vibhaktiyoM ke dvArA nirdiSTa haiM jabaki uttarArdha meM AzleSa aura paNa meM samAna vibhakti hai ataH ye kramazaH dvitIya tathA prathama bheda ke udAharaNa haiN|

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parinyAsaH 103 paribhASaNam ____ rUpaka meM Aropya upamAna avacchedaka ke rUpa meM anvita hote haiN| rUpaka ke udAharaNa "mukhacandraM pazyati" meM candra kevala mukha kA uparaJjaka mAtra hai, darzana kriyA ke sAtha usakA koI sambandha nahIM hai parantu pariNAma meM upamAna kA upameya ke sAtha tAdAtmya pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ upamAna kA prakRta kriyA meM upayoga bhI hotA hai| (10/51) parinyAsaH-mukhasandhi kA eka angg| upakSepa dvArA vikSipta tathA parikara dvArA bahulIkRta kathAvRtta kI siddhi parinyAsa nAmaka sandhyaGga hai-tanniSpattiH prinyaasH| ataeva sA.da. meM mukhasandhi ke sandarbha meM ina tInoM ke paurvAparya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isakA udAharaNa ve.saM. meM bhIma kI yaha ukti hai-caJcadbhujabhramitacaNDagadAbhighAtasaJcUrNitoruyugalasya suyodhnsy| styAnAvanaddhaghanazoNitazoNapANiruttaMsayiSyati kacAMstava devi bhiimH|| (6/71) paripanthirasAGgavibhAvaparigrahaH-eka kaavydoss| prakRta rasa ke virodhI rasa ke vibhAvAdi kA kathana, yathA-mAnaM mA kuru tanvaGgi jJAtvA yauvnmsthirm| yauvana kI asthiratA kA varNana zAntarasa kA aGga hai|shRnggaaraadi meM usakA kathana doSAvaha hai parantu virodhI rasa ke saJcArI Adi bhAvoM kA yadi bAdhya rUpa se kathana kiyA jAye arthAt unakA kathana karake unheM prakRta rasa ke saJcAriyoM se dabA diyA jAye to vaha doSa na hokara guNarUpa hI hotA hai| virodhI rasa kA smaraNa meM athavA samAnatA se kahane meM athavA kisI aGgIrasa kA aGga banAkara paripAka kara dene meM doSa nahIM hotaa| yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6) paribhAvanA-mukhasandhi kA eka angg| kutUhalayukta kathanoM ko paribhAvanA kahate haiM-kutUhalottarA vAcaH proktA tu pribhaavnaa| yathA ve.saM. meM yuddha hogA yA nahIM, isa saMzaya se grasta draupadI kA raNadundubhi sunakara bhImasena ke prati "nAtha! kimidAnImeSa pralayajaladharastanitamAMsalaH kSaNe kSaNe smrdundubhistaaddyte"| yaha kathana usake kutUhala ko vyakta karatA hai| (6/77) paribhASaNam-nirvahaNa sandhi kA eka angg| nindAyukta vAkya ko paribhASaNa kahate haiM-vadanti paribhASaNaM parivAdakRtaM vaakym| yathA a.zA.

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parivartakaH ___ 104 parisaGkhyA meM tApasI kA duSyanta ke lie yaha nindAyukta kathana-"kastasya dharmadAraparityAgino nAma grhiissyti'| (6/128) parivartakaH-sAtvatI vRtti kA eka angg| prArabdha kArya se atirikta koI kArya karane ko parivartaka kahate haiM-prArabdhAdanyakAryANAM karaNaM privrtkH| yathA ve.saM. meM bhIma kA yaha kathana-"sahadeva! gaccha tvaM gurumnuvrtsv| ahamapyastrAgAraM pravizyAyudhasahAyo bhvaamiiti| athavA Amantrayitavyaiva mayAtra paanycaalii"| yahA~ athavA' ke dvArA kArya kA parivartana kara liyA gayA hai| (6/154) parivRttiH-eka arthaalngkaar| samAna, nyUna athavA adhika ke sAtha vinimaya karane se parivRtti alaGkAra hotA hai-parivRttirvinimayaH smnyuunaadhikairbhvet| yathA-dattvA kaTAkSameNAkSI jahAra hRdayaM mm| mayA tu hRdayaM dattvA gRhIto mdnjvrH|| isa padya meM pUrvArdha meM samAna vastu kA tathA uttarArdha meM adhika dekara nyUna kA AdAna pradarzita hai| tasya ca pravayaso jaTAyuSaH svargiNaH kimiva shocyte'dhunaa| yena jarjarakalevaravyayAtkrItamindukiraNojjvalaM yshH|| isa padya meM nyUna vastu dekara adhika kA AdAna pradarzita hai| (10/105) parisarpaH-pratimukha sandhi kA eka angg| naSTa huI iSTa vastu ke anveSaNa ko parisarpa kahate haiM-iSTanaSTAnusaraNaM parisarpazca kthyte| yathA a.zA. meM zakuntalA kA anveSaNa karate hue duSyanta kA yaha kathana-bhavitavyamatra tyaa| tathA hi, abhyunnatA purastAdavagAr3hA jaghanagauravAt pshcaat| dvAre'sya pANDusikate pdpNktirdRshyte'bhinvaa|| (6/83) parisaGkhyA -eka arthaalngkaar| praznapUrvaka athavA vinA prazna ke hI jahA~ kahI huI vastu kI zabda se athavA arthasiddha vyAvRtti hotI hai, vahA~ parisaGkhyA alaGkAra hotA hai-praznAdapraznato vApi kathitAdvastuno bhvet| tAdRganyavyapohazcecchAbda Artho'thavA tdaa| parisaGkhyA ... / yathA-kiM bhUSaNaM sudRr3hamatra yazo na ratnaM, ki kAryamAryacaritaM sukRtaM na dossH| kiM cakSurapratihataM dhiSaNA na netraM, jAnAti kastvadaparaH sdsdvivekm|| isa zloka meM praznapUrvaka yaza Adi kA AbhUSaNAdi ke rUpa meM kathana karake punaH ratna Adi kA zabdata: niSedha kiyA gayA hai|

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105 parihAraH paryAyaH praznapUrvaka tathA prazna ke vinA, yaha do prakAra kI parisaGkhyA zAbda tathA arthasiddha ke rUpa meM do-do prakAra kI hokara kula cAra prakAra kI ho jAtI hai| yaha yadi zleSamUlaka ho to adhika cArutva utpanna karatI hai| (10/106) parihAraH-eka naattyaalngkaar| kiye hue anucita kArya kA parimArjana parihAra kahA jAtA hai--parihAra iti proktaH kRtaanucitmaarjnm| yathA, vAlI kA rAma ke prati yaha kathana-prANaprayANaduHkhArta uktvaansmynkssrm| tatkSamasva vibho, kiJca sugrIvaste smrpitH|| (6/234) parIvAdaH-eka naattyaalngkaar| DA~Tane ko parIvAda kahate haiM-bhartsanA tu priivaadH| yathA ve.saM.meM duryodhana kA sUta ke prati yaha kathana-dhik dhik sUta! kiM kRtvaansi| vatsasya me prakRtidurlalitasya pApaH pApaM vidhaasyti'| (6/225) paror3hA-parakIyA nAyikA kA eka bhed| dUsare ke dvArA pariNItA strI paror3hA kahI jAtI hai| yaha abhisAra Adi meM nirata rahane vAlI hotI hai| yaha kulaTA tathA nirlajjA hotI hai-yAtrAdiniratAnyor3hA kulaTA glittrpaa| Adi pada se dUtIpreSaNAdi ke dvArA nAyaka ko niyantrita karane kA grahaNa hotA hai| svAmI nizvasite'pyasUyati manojighraH sapatnIjanaH, zvazrUriGgitadaivataM nayanayorIhAliho yaatrH| tadUrAdayamaJjaliH kimadhunA dRgbhaGgibhAvena te, vaidagdhImadhuraprabandharasika vyartho'yamatra shrmH|| isa padya meM svapati ke lie 'svAmI' pada kA prayoga yaha dyotita karatA hai ki vastradAnAdi ke dvArA vaha kevala merA svAmI hI hai, priya nhiiN| tuma to catura tathA madhura prabandhoM meM rasika hone ke kAraNa mere priya ho| isa prakAra isa nAyikA kI parapuruSaviSayaka rati pratIta hotI hai| dhanaJjaya ne paror3hA ko aGgIrasa meM grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA hai-iyaM tvaGgini pradhAne rase na kdaacinnibndhniiyeti| (3/82) __ paryAyaH-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ eka vastu aneka meM athavA aneka vastue~ eka meM krama se hoM athavA kI jAyeM to paryAya alaGkAra hotA hai-kvacidekamanekasminnaneka caikagaM krmaat| bhavati kriyate cA cettadA paryAya

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paryAyoktam 106 pazcAttApaH iSyate / / yathA-sthitAH kSaNaM pakSmasu tADitAdharAH, payodharotsedhanipAtacUrNitA: / valISu tasyAH skhalitAH prapedire, cireNa nAbhiM prathamodabindavaH / / isa padya meM eka hI varSA kI bU~deM pakSma, adhara, payodhara, trivalI Adi meM sthita pradarzita kI gayI haiM jabaki isa padya - vicaranti vilAsinyo yatra zroNibharAlasAH / vRkakAkazivAstatra dhAvantyaripure tava / / meM eka hI zatrunagara meM bher3iye, kAka tathA gIdar3oM kI sthiti varNita hai| isa alaGkAra meM eka vastu aneka meM krama se jAtI hai, ata: yaha vizeSa alaGkAra se bhinna hai| parivRtti se bhI isakA abheda sambhava nahIM kyoMki yahA~ kisI prakAra kA vinimaya nahIM hotA jo parivRtti kA mUla hai| (10/104) paryAyoktam - eka arthAlaGkAra / yadi bhaGgI se vyaGgya kA hI abhidhA se kathana kara diyA jAye to paryAyokta alaGkAra hotA hai - paryAyoktaM yadA bhaGgyA gamyamevAbhidhIyate / yathA-spRSTAstA nandane zacyA: kezasambhogalAlitAH / sAvajJaM pArijAtasya maJjaryo yasya sainikaiH / / hayagrIva ke sainikoM ne pArijAta kI maJjariyoM ko tiraskRta kiyA, isa kathana se usakI vijaya bhI vyakta ho jAtI hai| isa udAharaNa meM kArya se kAraNa kI pratItirUpa aprastutaprazaMsA nahIM hai kyoMki aprastutaprazasA meM kArya prastuta nahIM hotaa| yahA~ hayagrIva kI vijayarUpa kAraNa ke sAtha sainikoM ke dvArA maJjariyoM kA tiraskAra rUpa kArya bhI prastuta hai| (10/79) paryupAsanam - pratimukha sandhi kA eka aGga / kruddha vyakti ke anunaya ko paryupAsana kahate haiM - kruddhasyAnunayaH punaH syAtparyupAsanam / yathA ra.nA. meM vidUSaka kI " bho! mA kupya / eSA hi kadalIgRhAntaraM gatA", ityAdi ukti| (6/90) pazcAttApa:- eka nATyAlaGkAra / mohavaza kisI vastu kA tiraskAra karake anantara usake lie anutApa karanA pazcAttApa kahA jAtA hai - mohAvadhIritArthasya pazcAttApaH sa eva tu / yathA, sItA ko smaraNa karake rAma kI yaha ukti-kiM devyA na vicumbito'smi bahuzo mithyAbhizaptastadA / (6/218)

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107 pAJcAlI punaruktavadAbhAsaH pAJcAlI-rIti kA eka prkaar| mAdhurya tathA oja vyaJjaka vargoM ke atirikta varNoM se yukta tathA pA~ca-cha: samAsoM se yukta padoM vAlI racanA pAJcAlI kahI jAtI hai-varNeH zeSaiH punardvayoH, samastapaJcaSapado bandhaH pAJcAlikA mtaa| bhoja ne isameM oja, kAnti, mAdhurya aura saukumArya guNoM kI sthiti bhI nirUpita kI hai| tadyathA-madhurayA madhubodhitamAdhavI mdhusmRddhismedhitmedhyaa| madhukarAGganayA muhurunmddhvnibhRtaanibhRtaakssrmujjge|| (9/5) pANDutA-pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI tRtIya dshaa| virahajanya santApa ke kAraNa varNa kA pANDu ho jAnA pANDutA nAmaka kAmadaMzA hai| (3/211) pAripArzvikaH-sthApaka kA anucr| sUtradhAra ke sadRza guNoM vAlA pAtra sthApaka hotA hai, usakA sevaka pAripArzvika kahA jAtA hai jo guNoM meM usase kucha nyUna hotA hai-tasyAnucaraH pAripArzvikastasmAtkiJcidUno nttH| (6/16 kI vRtti) pIThamarda:-nAyaka kA shaayk| bahuta dUra taka calane vAle nAyaka ke prAsaGgika itivRtta meM usakA sahAyaka pIThamarda kahalAtA hai| vaha nAyaka se kucha nyUna guNoM se yukta hotA hai-dUrAnuvartini syAttasya prAsaGgiketivRtte tu| kiJcittadguNahInaH sahAya evAsya piitthmaakhyH| yathA sugriivaadi| yaha rAjA kA uttama koTi kA sahAyaka mAnA jAtA hai-uttamAH piitthmrdaadyaaH| dhanaJjaya ke anusAra vaha patAkA kA nAyaka hotA hai| (3/47) punaruktatA-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ eka bAra kahe gaye artha ko hI prakArAntara se punaH kahA jAye vahA~ arthapunaruktatva doSa hotA hai| yathA-sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAmavivekaH paramApadAM pdm| vRNute hi vimRzyakAriNaM guNalubdhAH svayameva smpdH|| yahA~ dvitIyacaraNa meM pratipAdita artha ko hI vyatireka se uttarArdha meM kahA gayA hai parantu 'dhanA' Adi zabdoM se 'jyA' kA dhanuSa para ArUr3ha honA sUcita hotA hai, vahA~ punarukta nahIM samajhanA caahie| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) punruktvdaabhaasH-ubhyaalngkaar| bhinna rUpa tathA bhinna artha vAle zabdoM meM jaba ApAtataH punarukti sI pratIta ho to punaruktavadAbhAsa alaGkAra

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puna: puna: dIpti: 108 puSpam hotA hai| arthabodha ke uparAnta vaha pratIti samApta ho jAtI hai- ApAtato yadarthasya paunaruktyena bhAsanam / punaruktavadAbhAsaH sa bhinnAkArazabdagaH / / yathA- bhujaGgakuNDalI vyaktazazizubhrAMzuzItaguH / jagantyapi sadApAyAdavyAccetohara: shivH|| isa udAharaNa meM ' bhujaGgakuNDalI' zabda meM punarukti pratIta ho rahI hai parantu 'bhujaGgoM ke kuNDala vAlA' isa artha kA bodha hone para yaha mithyApratIti samApta ho jAtI hai| isI padya meM 'zazizubhrAMzuzItagu: ' pada bhI eka hI candra artha ke vAcaka pratIta hote haiM parantu vastutaH isa vAkyAMza kA artha hai-zaza tathA zveta kiraNoM vAle candramA se yukta / isI prakAra kI pratIti 'pAyAdavyAt' tathA 'hara : ziva:' ina padoM se bhI hotI hai parantu 'sadAapAyAt ' tathA 'cetohara: ziva:' isa prakAra artha kA jJAna hone para vaha samApta ho jAtI hai AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra yaha zabdArthobhayAlaGkAra hai kyoMki yahA~ kahIM to zabda kI parivRtti sahya hotI hai tathA kahIM asahya hotI hai / yathA uparyukta udAharaNa meM hI 'bhujaGgakuNDalI' isa alaGkArasthala meM 'bhujaGga' pada ko parivartita karake usakA anya paryAya rakhA jA sakatA hai parantu 'kuNDalI' pada ko parivartita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'hara : ziva:' isa padyAMza meM uttaravartI 'ziva: ' pada hI parivartita ho sakatA hai, 'hara : ' nhiiN| ' bhAti sadAnatyAga: ' meM dAna aura tyAga donoM hI padoM kI parivRtti sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra kahIM parivRttisahatva tathA kahIM aparivRttisahatva hone ke kAraNa yaha ubhayAlaGkAra hai| (10/2) puna: puna: dIpti :- eka kAvyadoSa / rasa kA bAra-bAra dIpta honA, yathA kumArasambhava ke rativilApa meM / yaha rasadoSa hai / ( 7/6) puSpagaNDikA - eka laasyaangg| isameM gIta vAdyoM se mizrita hotA hai tathA aneka chandoM kA prayoga hotA hai| yahA~ strI tathA puruSoM kI ceSTAyeM paraspara viparyasta hotI haiM arthAt striyA~ puruSoM kA tathA puruSa striyoM kA abhinaya karate haiM- AtodyamizritaM geyaM chandAMsi vividhAni ca / strIpuMsayorviparyAsaceSTitaM puSpagaNDikA / / (6/245) puSpam - pratimukha sandhi kA eka aGga / vizeSa anurAgAdi utpanna karana

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pUrNopamA pUrvavAkyam vAlA vAkya puSpa kahA jAtA hai- puSpaM vizeSavacanaM matam / yathA ra.nA. meM rAjA kI yaha ukti - zrIreSA pANirapyasyAH pArijAtasya pallavaH / kuto'nyathA sravatyeSa svedachadmAmRtadravaH || ( 6/91) 109 pUrNopamA - upamA kA eka bheda / yadi upameya, upamAna, sAmAnyadharma, aupamyavAcI zabda ye cAroM zabdataH ukta hoM to pUrNopamA hotI hai-sA pUrNA yadi sAmAnyadharma aupamyavAci ca / upameyaM copamAnaM bhaved vAcyam... / / isakA udAharaNa hai- mukhaM candra iva manojJam / yahA~ mukha upameya, candra upamAna, manojJa sAmAnyadharma tathA iva aupamyavAcI zabda haiN| isake do bheda zrautI aura ArthI haiM jo taddhita, samAsa aura vAkya meM sthiti ke AdhAra para tIna-tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| isa prakAra isake chaH bheda haiN| (10/19) pUrvaraGga :- nATya se pUrva kiyA jAne vAlA maGgalAcaraNa / nATyaprayoga se pUrva raGga ke vighnoM ko zAnta karane ke lie naTa jo maGgalAcaraNa karate haiM, vaha pUrvaraGga kahA jAtA hai - yannATyavastunaH pUrvaM raGgavighnopazAntaye / kuzIlavA: prakurvanti pUrvaraGgaH sa ucyate / / nATya se pUrva anuSThAna hone ke kAraNa isakI yaha saMjJA anvarthikA hI hai| AcArya bharata ne yavanikA ke abhyantara tathA bAhara sampanna hone vAlI pratyAhArAdi unnIsa prakAra kI pUrvaraGgavidhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne unakA ullekha nahIM kiyA / (6 / 10 ) pUrvarAgaH - vipralambha zRGgAra kA eka prakAra / guNoM ke zravaNa athavA darzanAdi se paraspara anurakta nAyaka aura nAyikA kI milana se pUrva kI jo vizeSa sthita hai use pUrvarAMga kahate haiM- zravaNAd darzanAd vApi mithaH sNruuddhraagyoH| dazAvizeSo yo'prAptau pUrvarAgaH sa ucyate / / guNoM kA zravaNa dUta, bandI athavA sakhI Adi se tathA darzana indrajAla, svapna, citra meM athavA kabhI-kabhI sAkSAt bhI ho jAtA hai| yaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - nIlIrAga, kusumbharAga tathA mnyjisstthaaraag| (3/193-94) pUrvavAkyam - nirvahaNa sandhi kA eka aGga / pUrvokta artha ke upadarzana ko pUrvavAkya kahate haiM - pUrvavAkyaM tu vijJeyaM yathoktArthopadarzanam / yathA, ve.saM. meM bhIma kA kathana - buddhimatike ! kva sA bhAnumatI / paribhavatu samprati

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pRcchA 110 prakaraNikA paannddvdaaraan| yahA~ bhAnumatI ke dvArA pUrvokta kathana kA bhIma ke dvArA upadarzana karAyA gayA hai| (6/135) pRcchA-eka naattylkssnn| prArthanAparaka vAkyoM se artha kA anveSaNa karanA pRcchA kahA jAtA hai-abhyarthanAparairvAkyaiH pRcchArthAnveSaNaM mtm| yathA ve.saM. meM sundaraka kA, "AryAH, api nAma sArathidvitIyo dRSTo bhavadbhirmahArAjo duryodhano na veti", isa kathana ke dvArA duryodhana kA anveSaNa krnaa| (6/198) . prakaraNam-rUpaka kA eka bhed| nATaka se prakaraNa kA bhedaka AdhAra isakA kalpita honA hai| prakaraNa kA kathAnaka laukika aura kavikalpita hotA hai| aGgI rasa zRGgAra hotA hai| nAyaka dhIraprazAnta koTi kA koI vipra, amAtya athavA vaNik ho sakatA hai jo dharma, artha aura kAma kI prApti meM sadA tatpara rahatA hai| mR.ka0 meM brAhmaNa, mA.mA. meM amAtya tathA pu.bhU. meM vaNik nAyaka hai| nAyikA kahIM kulIna kanyA, kahIM vezyA athavA kahIM donoM bhI ho sakatI haiN| pu.bhU. meM kulIna strI, ra0vR0 meM vezyA tathA mR.ka. meM donoM hI nAyikAyeM haiN| sA.da. meM ina tIna prakAra kI nAyikAoM ke AdhAra para hI isake tIna bheda kalpita kiye gaye haiN| inameM se tRtIya bheda dhUrta, juArI, viTa, ceTa Adi se bhI vyApta hotA hai-bhavetprakaraNe vRttaM laukikaM kviklpitm| zRGgAro'GgI nAyakastu vipro'mAtyo'thavA vnnik| sApAyadharmakAmArthaparo dhiirprshaantkH| nAyikA kulajA kvApi vezyA kvApi dvayaM kvcit| tena bhedAstrayastasya tatra bhedstRtiiykH| kitavadyUtakArAdi vittcettksngkulH| prakaraNa kyoMki vastutaH nATaka kI hI prakRti kI eka vidhA hai, ataH isameM bhI vastu, netA tathA rasa ke sambandha meM anukta bAteM nAyaka ke samAna hI kalpita kara lI jAnI cAhie~-asya nATakaprakRtitvAt zeSaM naattkvt| (6/253-54) prakaraNikA-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| jisameM nAyaka koI sArthavAha tathA nAyikA usI kI sajAtIyA ho, aisI nATikA ko hI prakaraNI kahate haiM-nATikaiva prakaraNI saarthvaahaadinaaykaa| samAnavaMzajA neturbhavedyatra ca naayikaa|| (6/298)

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prakarI 111 prakRtizleSaH prakarI-arthaprakRti kA eka bhed| prasaGgaprApta, nATaka ke eka aMza meM vyApta carita ko prakarI kahate haiM-prAsaGgika pradezasthaM caritaM prakarI mtaa| yathA-rAvaNa aura jaTAyu kA sNvaad| isake nAyaka kA bhI apanA koI nijIphala nahIM hotA-prakarInAyakasya syAnna svakIyaM phlaantrm| (6/51,52) prakAzam-nATyokti kA eka prkaar| sabhI ko sunAne yogya kathana ko prakAza kahate haiM-sarvazrAvyaM prakAzaM syaat| (6/161) prakAzitaviruddhatA-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ viruddha artha bhAsita ho rahA ho vahA~ prakAzitaviruddhatva doSa hotA hai| yathA-kumAraste narAdhIza zriyaM smdhigcchtu| yahA~ tvaM mriyasya' isa prakAra kA viruddha artha bhAsita hotA hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) prakRtiviparyayaH-eka kaavydoss| nAyakoM kI prakRtiyA~ tIna prakAra kI hotI haiM-divya, adivya aura divyaadivy| divya yathA indrAdi devatA, adivya yathA udayanAdi manuSya tathA divyAdivya yathA rAmAdi manuSyatva ko prApta devtaa| ye sabhI dhIra nAyaka udAtta, uddhata, lalita athavA prazAnta ke bheda se kula bAraha prakAra ke ho jAte haiM jo uttama, madhyama athavA adhama ke bheda se punaH tIna-tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| isa prakAra nAyakoM kI chattIsa prakRtiyA~ hotI haiN| jo jisa prakAra kA hai, usakA usase viparIta varNana prakRtiviparyaya nAmaka doSa hai| yathA, dhIrodAtta rAma kA uddhata ke samAna AcaraNa karate hue chadmapUrvaka bAlI kA vadha karanA athavA ku.sa. meM pArvatIparamezvara ke zRGgAra kA varNana krnaa| yaha rasadoSa hai| (76) prakRtizleSaH-zleSAlaGkAra kA eka bhed| jahA~ prakRti kI zliSTatA zleSa kI pratIti kA kAraNa ho vahA~ prakRtizleSa hotA hai| yathA-ayaM sarvANi zAstrANi hRdi jJeSu ca vkssyti| sAmarthyakRdamitrANAM mitrANAM ca nRpaatmjH|| vakSyati pada vaha prApaNe aura vaca paribhASaNe donoM dhAtuoM ke lRT lakAra pra.pu.e.va. kA rUpa hai ataH hRdi vakSyati (hRdaya meM dhAraNa karegA) aura jJeSu vakSyati (vidvAnoM meM kahegA) donoM ke sAtha anvita ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra DukRJ karaNe tathA kRtI chedane donoM dhAtuoM se kvip pratyaya karane para kRt' zabda banatA hai, ata: amitrANAM sAmarthyakRt (zatruoM kI sAmarthya kA chedana

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pragamanam pracchedakaH karane vAlA) tathA mitrANAM sAmarthyakRt (mitroM kI sAmarthya ko karane vAlA), isa prakAra donoM ke sAtha anvita ho jAtA hai| ina donoM hI udAharaNoM meM samAna rUpoM meM prakRti bhinna-bhinna hai, ataH ye prakRtizleSa ke udAharaNa haiN| (10/14 kI vRtti) pragamanam - pratimukha sandhi kA eka aGga / uttarottara utkRSTa vAkyavinyAsa ko pragamana kahate haiM-pragamanaM vAkyaM syAduttarottaram / isakA udAharaNa vi.u. meM urvazI ke "jayatu jayatu mahArAjaH " isa kathana para rAjA kA uttara " mayA nAma jitaM yasya tvayA jayamudIryate" hai| (6/88) pragalbhatA - nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / nirbhayatA ko pragalbhatA kahate haiM - niHsAdhvasatvaM prAgalbhyam / yathA - samAzliSTAH samAzleSaizcumbitAzcumbanairapi / daSTAzca daMzanaiH kAntaM dAsIkurvanti yoSitaH / / (3/111) 112 pragalbhA - svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bheda / kAmabhAva se atyanta unmatta, pragAr3ha yuvAvasthA ko prApta, saba prakAra ke ratikAryoM meM niSNAta, atyalpa lajjAbhAva se yukta, pUrNata: vikasita bhAvoM vAlI tathA ( ratiprasaGga meM) nAyaka kA bhI atikramaNa kara jAne vAlI nAyikA pragalbhA kahalAtI hai - smarAndhA gAr3hatAruNyA samastaratakovidA / bhAvonnatA daravrIDA pragalbhAkrAntanAyakA / yathA - dhanyAsi yA kathayasi priyasaGgame'pi vizrabdhacATukazatAni ratAntareSu / nIvIM prati praNihite tu kare priyeNa sakhyaH zapAmi yadi kiJcidapi smarAmi / / isa padya meM smarAndhA nAyikA kA varNana hai| mAna kI sthiti meM pragalbhA nAyikA ke dhIrA, adhIrA tathA dhIrAdhIrA ke rUpa meM tIna bheda hote haiN| ye tIna prakAra kI pragalbhA nAyikAyeM pati ke prema ke AdhAra para jyeSThA aura kaniSThA ke rUpa meM do-do prakAra kI hotI haiN| / isa prakAra isake chaH bheda niSpanna hote haiN| (3/73) pracchedaka:- eka lAsyAGga / apane pati ko anya nAyikA meM Asakta jAnakara premaviccheda ke santApa se vINA ke sAtha strI kA gAna pracchedaka kahA jAtA hai-anyAsaktaM patiM matvA premavicchedamanyunA / vINApurassaraM gAnaM striyAH pracchedako mataH / / (6/ 246 ) )

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praNayajanyamAnaH 113 pratimukham praNayajanyamAnaH-mAnavipralambha kA eka prkaar| prema kI gati aisI vicitra hai ki isameM nAyakanAyikA meM atyanta prema hone para bhI vinA kAraNa ke hI koI eka athavA donoM kupita ho jAte haiN| ise hI praNayamAna kahate haiM-dvayoH praNayamAnaH syAtpramode sumhtypi| premNaH kuTilagAmitvAtkopo yaH kAraNaM vinaa|| yathA-ekasmin zayane parAGmukhatayA vItottaraM tAmyatoranyonyasya hadi sthite'pyanunaye sNrksstorgaurvm| dampatyoH zanakairapAGgavalanAnmizrIbhavaccakSuSorbhagno mAnakaliH shaasrbhsvyaasktknntthgrhH|| isa padya meM nAyaka aura nAyikA donoM kA praNayamAna varNita hai| (3/205) pratikUlavarNatvam-eka kaavydoss| varNoM kI racanA rasa ke pratikUla hone para pratikUlavarNatva doSa hotA hai| komala rasoM meM yathAsambhava komala varNoM kA tathA pradIpta rasoM meM kaThora vargoM kA prayoga honA caahie| isake viparIta varNoM kA prayoga doSAvaha hai| yathA-avavartayati ulloThayati zayane kIpi moTTayati no prighttte| hRdayena sphiTTayati lajjayA khuTTayati dhRteH saa|| vipralambha zRGgAra jaise atyanta komala rasa meM aise varNoM kA prayoga doSAvaha hai| vaise komala rasoM meM bhI yadi do-tIna-cAra pratikUla varNa A jAyeM to utanA rasabhaGga nahIM hotA parantu bahuta adhika pratikUla varNa rasAnubhUti ko dUSita hI karate haiN| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) pratinAyakaH-vIra aura raudrarasoM kA aalmbn| pratinAyaka nAyaka kA pratipakSI, dhIroddhata prakRti kA, pApa karmoM meM rata tathA vyasanI hotA hai-dhIroddhataH pApakArI vyasanI prtinaaykH| yathA, rAma kA pratipakSI rAvaNa pratinAyaka hai| (3/138) pratipattiH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) pratimukham-sandhi kA dvitIya bhed| isameM mukhasandhi meM nirdiSTa pradhAna phala kucha lakSita tathA kucha alakSita hotA huA vikAsa ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ 'yatna' nAmaka kAryAvasthA tathA bindu nAmaka arthaprakRti kA mela hokara kathAnaka agresara hotA hai-phalapradhAnopAyasya mukhsndhiniveshinH| lakSyAlakSya ivodbhedo yatra pratimukhaJca tt|| yathA, ra.nA. ke dvitIyAGka meM susaGgatA aura vidUSaka ko vatsarAja aura sAgarikA ke paraspara anurAga kA

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114 prativastUpamA pratiSedhaH jJAna ho jAne para kathAnaka kA vikAsa kucha lakSita hotA hai parantu vAsavadattA citraphalaka ke vRttAnta se use kucha-kucha samajha sI letI hai, ataH usameM alakSyatA bhI banI rahatI hai| isake teraha aGga haiM-vilAsa, parisarpa, vidhUta, tApana, narma, narmadyuti, pragamana, virodha, paryupAsana, puSpa, vajra, upanyAsa aura vrnnsNhaar| kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra inameM se parisarpaNa, pragamana, vajra, upanyAsa aura puSpa mukhya haiN| anya aGgoM kA prayoga yathAsambhava kiyA jAnA caahie| (6/64, 81) prativastUpamA-eka arthaalngkaar| jina do vAkyoM meM sAmya pratIta hotA ho, yadi unameM eka hI sAdhAraNa dharma pRthak zabdoM se kahA jAye to prativastUpamA alaGkAra hotA hai-prativastUpamA sA syaadvaakyyorgmysaamyyoH| eko'pi dharmaH sAmAnyo yatra nirdiSyate pRthk| isakA udAharaNa hai-dhanyAsi vaidarbhi guNairudArairyayA samAkRSyata naissdho'pi| itaH stutiH kA khalu candrikAyA ydbdhimpyuttrliikroti|| isa zloka meM samAkarSaNa aura uttaralIkaraNa eka hI kriyA hai jise punarukti rokane ke lie bhinna zabdoM se nirdiSTa kara diyA gayA hai| prativastUpamA mAlArUpa meM bhI milatI hai| yathA-vimala eva ravirvizadaH zazI, prakRtizobhana eva hi drpnn:| zivagiriH zivahAsasahodaraH, sahajasundara eva hi sjjnH|| yahA~ vimala, vizada Adi padoM kA eka hI artha hai| isameM eka vAkya kA vaidharmyapUrvaka bhI kathana ho sakatA hai| yadyapi ApAtataH dekhane para yahA~ sampUrNa sAmya pratIta nahIM hotA tathApi vyatireka se sAmya hI AkSipya hotA hai| yathA-cakorya eva hi cturaashcndrikaacaamkrmnni| vinAvantIna nipuNAH sudRzo rtnrmnni|| yahA~ uttarArdha meM yadyapi 'na nipuNAH sudRzaH' isa prakAra pUrva vAkya se viruddha kathana kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai parantu isase bhI 'AvantikA eva nipuNAH' isa prakAra kA artha hI AkSipta hotA hai| (10/68) pratiSedhaH-vimarzasandhi kA eka angg| abhISTa artha kA pratighAta pratiSedha kahA jAtA hai-IpsitArthapratIghAtaH pratiSedha iti smRtH| isakA udAharaNa svayaM kavirAjaviracita prabhAvatI meM hai-(pradyumna:)-sakhe! kathamiha tvamekAkI varttase? kva nu punaH priyasakhIjanAnugamyamAnA priyatamA me prabhAvatI?

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115 pratIpa: pratIyamAnotprekSA (vidUSakaH) asurapatinA AkArya kutrApi niitaa| (pradyumnaH) (dIrgha nizvasya) hA pUrNacandramukhi! mattacakoranetre! mAmAnatAGgi! parihAya kuto gatAsi? gaccha tvamadya nanu jIvita! tUrNameva, daivaM kadarthanaparaM kRtkRtymstu|| (6/118) pratIpa:-eka arthaalngkaar| prasiddha upamAna ko upameya ke rUpa meM kalpita karanA athavA use niSphala batAnA pratIpa alaGkAra kahA jAtA hai-prsiddhsyopmaansyopmeytvprklpnm| niSphalatvAbhidhAnaM vA pratIpamiti kthyte|| yathA-yattvannetrasamAnakAnti salile magnaM tadindIvaraM, medhairantaritaH priye tava mukhacchAyAnukArI shshii| ina paMktiyoM meM prasiddha upamAna nIlakamala aura zazI ko netra aura mukha kA upameya banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tadvaktraM yadi mudritA zazikathA hA hema sA ceddyutistaccakSuryadi hAritaM kuvalayaistaccetsmitaM kA sudhaa| dhikkandarpadhanurbhuvau yadi ca te kiM vA bahu brUmahe, yatsatyaM punaruktavastuvimukhaH sargakramo vedhsH|| isa padya meM prasiddha upamAna candrAdi kI apekSA mukha ke hI adhika sundara hone ke kAraNa unakI niSphalatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| kisI utkRSTa vastu kA atyanta utkarSa varNita karake phira dUsarI vastu ko usakA upamAna banA dene para bhI pratIpAlaGkAra mAnA jAtA hai-uktvA cAtyantamutkarSamatyutkRSTasya vstunH| kalpite'pyupamAnatve pratIpaM keciduucire|| yathA--ahameva guruH sudAruNAnAmiti hAlAhala tAta mA sma dRpyH|| nanu santi bhavAdRzAni bhUyo bhuvane'smin vacanAni durjnaanaam|| yahA~ prathama pAda meM hAlAhala kA utkarSa batAkara phira durjanoM ke vacanoM ko usake upamAna ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| (10/113-14) pratIyamAnotprekSA-utprekSA kA eka bhed| sAkSAt ivAdi zabdoM kA prayoga na hone se yahA~ utprekSA pratIyamAna rahatI hai-vAAcyevAdiprayoge syAdaprayoge parA punH| isakA udAharaNa hai-tanvaGgyAH stanayugmena mukhaM na prkttiikRtm| hArAya guNine sthAnaM na dattamiti ljjyaa|| sarvaprathama yaha jAti, guNa, kriyA aura dravya ke bheda se cAra prakAra kI hotI hai| ina cAroM prakAroM meM kahIM bhAva utprekSya hotA hai, kahIM abhaav| isa prakAra isake ATha bheda bana jAte haiN| ina AThoM meM utprekSA kA

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pratyanIka: 116 prayatnam nimitta kahIM guNa hotA hai, kahIM kriyA / isa prakAra ye solaha bheda hue / ina solaha prakAroM meM bhI kahIM phala utprekSita hotA hai, kahIM hetu| isa prakAra niSpanna hue battIsa prakAroM meM bhI prastuta padArtha kahIM zabdokta hotA hai, kahIM gmymaan| isa prakAra pratIyamAnotprekSA ke kula cauMsaTha bheda hue / (10/59) pratyanIka:- eka arthAlaGkAra | zatru kA tiraskAra karane meM azakta hone para yadi kisI usase sambandhita kA tiraskAra kiyA jAye, jisase zatru kA hI utkarSa siddha hotA ho to pratyanIka nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai- pratyanIkamazaktena pratIkAre riporyadi / tadIyasya tiraskArastasyaivotkarSasAdhakaH / / yathA - madhyena tanumadhyA me madhyaM jitavatItyayam / ibhakumbhau bhinattyasyAH kucakumbhanibho hariH / / isa padya meM nAyikA se parAjita siMha gajarAja ke mastaka ko vidIrNa kara rahA hai / ( 10/112 ) pratyayazleSa :- zleSAlaGkAra kA eka bheda / jahA~ pratyaya ke zliSTa hone ke kAraNa zleSa kI pratIti ho, yathA-kiraNA hariNAGkasya dakSiNazca smiirnnH| kAntotsaGgajuSAM nUnaM sarva eva sudhAkiraH / / yahA~ 'sudhAkiraH ' isa pada meM kvip aura ka pratyayoM kA zleSa hai| 'sudhAM kirati' isa artha meM kR vikSepe se kvip pratyaya karane para 'sudhAkir' tathA ka pratyaya karane para 'sudhAkira' rUpa banate haiN| padya meM prayukta pada kvibanta zabda kA prathamA bahuvacana kA tathA ke pratyayAnta zabda kA prathamA ekavacana kA rUpa hai| (10/14 kI vRtti) prapaJcaH - eka vIthyaGga / asatyabhUta tathA hAsya utpanna karane vAlA paraspara kathana prapaJca kahA jAtA hai - mitho vAkyamasadbhUtaM prapaJco haasykRnmtH| dhanaJjaya ke anusAra yaha paraspara kathana eka dUsare kI stutirUpa hotA hai| vi.u. meM vidUSaka aura ceTI kA paraspara vArttAlApa isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/264) prabodhanam - zilpaka kA eka aGga / (6/295) prayatnam - zilpaka kA eka aGga / (6/295)

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117 prayojanavatI lakSaNA prayogAtizaya:- prastAvanA kA eka bheda / yadi sUtradhAra eka prayoga meM hI dUsarA prayoga prayukta kare aura usake dvArA hI pAtra kA praveza ho to prayogAtizaya kahA jAtA hai - yadi prayoga ekasminbhUyo'pyanyaH prayujyate / tena pAtrapravezazcet prayogAtizayastadA / / yathA, ku. mA. meM nRtyaprayoga ke lie apanI patnI kA AhvAna karatA huA sUtradhAra nepathya meM, "ita ito'vataratvAryA" " vAkya sunakara "ko'yaM khalvAryAhvAnena sAhAyakamiva meM sampAdayati / ( vilokya) kaSTamatikaruNaM varttate" ityAdi rUpa meM dUsarA prayoga karake "sItAM vanAya parikarSati lakSmaNo'yam " isa prakAra sItA aura lakSmaNa ke prayoga ko sUcita karake svayaM raGgamaJca se nikala jAtA hai| (6/20) prayogAtizayaH prayojanavatI lakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bheda / kisI viziSTa prayojana se jahA~ lakSaNA kI jAye vaha prayojanavatI lakSaNA hotI hai| 'gaGgAyAM ghoSa: ' meM gaGgA pada kA jalapravAha meM anvaya na ho pAne ke kAraNa sAmIpya sambandha se taTAdi kA bodha hotA hai| isase gaGgAtaTa ke zaityapAvanatvasampanna hone kA prayojana siddha hotA hai| prayojana kA jJAna yadyapi lakSaNA ke anantara vyaJjanA se hotA hai, kyoMki vaha lakSaNA kA phala hai| ataH use kadAcit isakA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA jo nizcita rUpa se kArya kA pUrvavartI hotA hai tathApi jo zabda kisI artha kA sAkSAt vAcaka nahIM hai usakA prayoga kisI viziSTa prayojana ko mana meM rakhakara hI kiyA jAtA hai, ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki prayojana kA jJAna lakSaNA se pUrva avazya hotA hai, vahI lakSaNA kA hetu hai| prayojanavatI lakSaNA ke do bheda lakSaNalakSaNA aura upAdAnalakSaNA tathA una donoM ke bhI sAropA aura sAdhyavasAnA rUpa do bheda hone ke kAraNa isake cAra bheda ho jAte haiN| ye cAroM bheda zuddhA aura gauNI ke rUpa meM do-do prakAra ke hone ke kAraNa yaha ATha prakAra kI ho jAtI hai| ye AThoM bheda gUr3haprayojana aura agUr3haprayojana ke rUpa meM do-do hone ke kAraNa isake solaha bheda tathA unameM bhI prayojana ke dharmIgata aura dharmagata hone ke kAraNa isake battIsa prakAra ho jAte haiM jo padagata athavA vAkyagata hone ke kAraNa prayojanavatI lakSaNA ke kula cauMsaTha bheda niSpanna hote haiN| (2/9-18)

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prarocanA 118 pravartanam prarocanA-rUpaka ke prati prekSakoM ko pravRtta karane vAlA kthn| prastUyamAna rUpaka meM kavi, kAvyAdi kI prazaMsA se prekSakoM kI usa prayoga ke prati pravRtti ko unmukha karanA prarocanA kahA jAtA hai-unmukhIkAraH prazaMsAtaH prrocnaa| yathA ra.nA. meM yaha padya-zrIharSo nipuNaH kaviH pariSadapyeSA guNagrAhiNI, loke hAri ca vatsarAjacaritaM nATye ca dakSA vayam vastvekaikamapIha vAJchitaphalaprApteH padaM kiM punarmadbhAgyopacayAdayaM samuditaH sarvo guNAnAM gnnH|| (6/15) prarocanA-vimarzasandhi kA eka angg| artha ke upasaMhAra ko pradarzita karanA prarocanA kahA jAtA hai-prarocanA tu vijJeyA sNhaaraarthprdrshinii| yathA ve.saM. meM pAJcAlaka kA yudhiSThira ke prati yaha kathana-pUryantAM salilena ratnakalazA rAjyAbhiSekAya te, kRSNAtyantacirojjhite tu kabarIbandhe karotu kssnnm| rAme zAtakuThArabhAsurakare kSatradrumocchedini, krodhAndhe ca vRkodare paripatatyAjau kutaH sNshyH|| isa padya meM raNa meM vijaya tathA yudhiSThira ke rAjyAbhiSeka rUpa upasaMhAra ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| (6/120) pralayaH-eka sAttvika anubhaav| atyanta sukha athavA du:kha ke kAraNa ceSTAoM aura jJAna kA naSTa ho jAnA pralaya kahA jAtA hai-pralayaH sukhaduHkhAbhyAM cessttaajnyaanniraakRtiH| (3/146) pravartakam-prastAvanA kA eka bhed| jahA~ sUtradhAra pravRtta Rtu Adi ke varNana ke dvArA (zleSa se ) kisI pAtra ke praveza kI sUcanA de, use pravartaka kahate haiM-kAlaM pravRttamAzritya sUtradhRgyatra vrnnyet| tadAzrayasya pAtrasya prveshsttprvrtkm|| yathA-AsAditaprakaTanirmalacandrahAsaH, prAptaH zaratsamaya eSa vishuddhkaantiH| utkhAya gAr3hatamasaM ghanakAlamugraM rAmo dazAsyamiva smbhRtbndhujiivH|| isa padya meM zaradRtu kA varNana karake usI rUpa meM rAma kA praveza karAyA gayA hai| (6/21) / pravartanam-eka naattyaalngkaar| kisI kArya meM acchI taraha pravRtta karanA pravartana kahA jAtA hai--pravartanaM tu kAryasya yatsyAtsAdhu prvrtnm| yathA ve.saM. meM rAjA kA kaJcukI ke prati kathana-'kaJcukin, devasya devakInandanasya bahumAnAd vatsasya bhImasenasya vijayamaGgalAya pravarttantAM tatropacitAH samArambhAH / (6/236)

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pravAsaH 119 prazastiH pravAsaH-vipralambha zRGgAra kA eka bhed| kisI kAryavaza, zApavaza athavA sambhrama ke kAraNa nAyaka ke anya deza meM cale jAne ko 'pravAsa' kahate haiM-pravAso bhinnadezitvaM kAryAcchApAcca smbhrmaat| isameM aGgoM tathA vastroM meM malinatA, zira meM eka veNI dhAraNa karanA, nizvAsa, ucchvAsa, rudita, bhUmipAta Adi hote haiN| kAryajanya, zApajanya tathA sambhramajanya ina tIna prakAra ke pravAsoM meM se kAryajanya pravAsa kyoMki vicArapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai ata: yaha bhUta, vartamAna athavA bhAvI ke bheda se punaH tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| zeSa do to tatkSaNa Apatita ho jAte haiM ata: unameM vicAra kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM hotii| ve eka-eka prakAra ke hI haiN| - pravAsa meM nAyikAyeM aGgoM meM asauSThava, tApa, pANDutA, kRzatA, aruci, dhairyahInatA, mana kI zUnyatA, tanmayatA, unmAda, mUrchA aura mRti ina kAmadazAoM ko prApta karatI haiN| pUrvarAga ke sambandha meM bhI daza kAmadazAyeM batAyI gayI haiN| kAma kI ye sabhI dazAyeM kahIM bhI ho sakatI haiM tathApi paramparA kA pAlana karate hue inheM pRthak-pRthak batAyA gayA hai parantu isa sUcI meM gyAraha dazAoM kA ullekha hai| (3/210-12) pravezaka-arthopakSepaka kA eka bhed| pravezaka meM bhUta athavA bhAvI kathAMzoM kI sUcanA dene ke lie nIca pAtroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| pAtroM ke anurUpa hI isameM uktiyA~ bhI udAtta nahIM hotiiN| ataeva prathama aGka meM isakA prayoga varjita hai| isakI zeSa bAteM viSkambhaka ke hI samAna hotI haiM-pravezako'nudAttoktyA niicpaatrpryojitH| aGkadvayAntarvijJeyaH zeSaM viSkambhake ythaa| isakA prayoga ve.saM. nATaka ke caturtha aGka meM rAkSasayugala ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| (6/38) prazastiH-nirvahaNa sandhi kA eka angg| rAjA, dezAdi kI zAnti kI kAmanA prazasti kahI jAtI hai-nRpadezAdizAntistu prshstirbhidhiiyte| yahI bharatavAkya hai| yathA pra.va. meM, rAjAnaH sutinarvizeSamadhunA pazyantu nityaM prajA, jIyAsuH sadasadvivekapaTavaH santo gunngraahinnH| zasyasvarNasamRddhayaH samadhikAH santu kSamAmaNDale, bhUyAdavyabhicAriNI trijagato bhaktizca naaraaynne|| upasaMhAra aura prazasti kA kramazaH pUrvApara krama niyata hai| (6/137) 12)

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prasaktiH prasiddhityAgaH 120 prasakti:- zilpaka kA eka aGga / (6/295) prasaGgaH - vimarzasandhi kA eka aGga / pUjya vyaktiyoM kA varNana prasaGga nAmaka sandhyaGga hai - prasaGgo gurukIrttanam / yathA - mR.ka. meM cANDAloM ke dvArA vadhyasthala kI ora le jAye jA rahe cArudatta ke dvArA, makhazataparipUtaM gotramudbhASitaM yatsadasi nibiDacaityabrahmaghoSaiH purastAt / mama nidhanadazAyAM varttamAnasya pApaistadasadRzamanuSyairghuSyate ghoSaNAyAm / / isa padya meM vadha ke samaya tathA yajJAdi meM gurujanoM kA nAma kIrttana hone se prasaGga nAmaka sandhyaGga hai| (6/116) prasAdaH - nirvahaNasandhi kA eka aGga / zuzrUSA Adi ko prasAda kahate haiM- zuzrUSAdiH prasAdaH syAt / yathA ve.saM. me bhIma ke dvArA draupadI ke keza baaNdhnaa| (6/130) prasAdaH - eka guNa / agni jaise sUkhe IMdhana ko vyApta kara letI hai, usI prakAra jo turanta citta meM vyApta ho jAye usa guNa ko prasAda kahate haiN| usake vyaJjaka zabda zravaNamAtra se hI artha ke bodhaka ho jAte haiM - cittaM vyApnoti yaH kSipraM zuSkendhanamivAnalaH / sa prasAdaH samasteSu raseSu racanAsu c|| zabdAstadvyaJjakA arthabodhakAH zrutimAtrataH / yathA-sUcImukhena sakRdeva kRtavraNastvaM muktAkalApa luThasi stanayoH priyAyA: / bANaiH smarasya zatazo vinikRttamarmA svapne'pi tAM kathamahaM na vilokayAmi / / prasiddhi: - eka nATyalakSaNa / lokaprasiddha utkRSTa sAdhanoM se artha kI siddhi ko prasiddhi kahate haiM--prasiddhiloMkasiddhArthairutkRSTairarthasAdhanam / yathA vi.u. meM, sUryAcandramasau yasya mAtAmahapitAmahau / svayaM vRtaH patirdvAbhyAmurvazyA ca bhuvA ca yaH / / isa padya ke dvArA rAjA kA paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| (6/199) prasiddhityAga::- eka kAvyadoSa / kavisampradAya meM kisI arthavizeSa ke lie jo zabda prasiddha hai, usakA prayoga na karanA prasiddhityAga doSa hai| yathA - ghoro vArimucAM ravaH / yahA~ meghoM ke zabda ke lie rava zabda kA prayoga anucita hai, isake sthAna para garjitam ' zabda prasiddha hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA

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prastAvanA 121 prahasanam hai-maJjIrAdiSu raNitaprAyaM pakSiSu tu kuujitprbhRti| stanitabhaNitAdisurate meghAdiSu grjitprmukhm|| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) prastAvanA-dekheM aamukhm| prasthAnakam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| yaha laya, tAlAdi tathA vilAsa se sampanna do aGkoM kI racanA hai| isameM surApAna ke saMyoga se uddiSTa artha kI pUrti hotI hai, kaizikI aura bhAratI vRttiyoM kA prayoga hotA hai, nAyaka dAsa tathA nAyikA dAsI hotI hai tathA upanAyaka usase bhI hIna koTi kA hotA hai-prasthAne nAyako dAso hInaH syaadupnaaykH| dAsI ca nAyikA vRttiH kaizikI bhAratI tthaa| surApAnasamAyogAduddiSTArthasya sNhtiH| aGkau dvau layatAlAdirvilAso bhulstthaa|| isakA udAharaNazRGgAratilakam hai| (6/286) praharSaH-eka naattyaalngkaar| AnandAdhikya ko praharSa kahate haiM-praharSaH prmdaadhikym| yathA a.zA. meM duSyanta kA yaha kathana-tatkimidAnImAtmAnaM pUrNamanorathaM naabhinndaami| (6/239) praharSaH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) prahasanama-rUpaka kA eka bhed| bhANa ke samAna sandhi, sandhyaGga, lAsyAGga tathA aGgoM kI yojanA vAlA nindya puruSoM kA kavikalpita kathAnaka prahasana kahA jAtA hai| isameM ArabhaTI vRtti tathA viSkambhaka aura pravezaka kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA tathA vIthyaGgoM kI sthiti aicchika hai| isameM hAsya rasa pradhAna rahatA hai-bhaannvtsndhisndhyngglaasyaanggaabairvinirmitm| bhavetprahasanaM vRttaM nindyAnAM kviklpitm| atra nArabhaTI nApi visskmbhkprveshkau| aGgI hAsyarasastatra vIthyaGgAnAM sthitirna vaa||| isake zuddha aura saGkIrNa nAmaka do bheda nAyaka ke anusAra kalpita kiye gaye haiN| yadi tapasvI, sanyAsI athavA brAhmaNa Adi meM se koI eka dhRSTa nAyaka ho to vaha zuddhaprahasanakahA jAtA hai| isakA udAharaNakandarpa keliH hai| kisI bhI adhRSTa puruSa ke nAyaka hone para yaha saGkIrNa prahasana hotA hai, yathA dhuurtcritm| kucha loga bahuta se dhRSTa pAtroM kA vRtta varNita hone para ise saGkIrNa kahate haiN| bharatamuni ne vezyA, ceTa, napuMsaka, viTa Adi ke veza tathA ceSTA ke avikRta varNana meM saGkIrNa prahasana mAnA hai| isakA kathAnaka

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prahelikA 122 prAptiH eka yA do aGkoM meM varNita hotA hai| yathA, laTakamelakam aadi| napuMsaka, kaJcukI, tApasAdi ke dvArA kAmuka, bandI, yoddhAoM Adi ke veSa tathA vANI ke anukaraNa meM vikRta nAmaka prahasana hotA hai-vikRtantu viduryatra ssnnddknycukitaapsaaH| bhujnggcaarnnbhttprbhRterveshvaagyutaaH|| yaha saGkIrNa ke hI antargata A jAtA hai, ataH bharatamuni ne isakA pRthak ullekha nahIM kiyaa| (6/276-80) prahelikA-eka shbdaalngkaar| isameM kisI bAta ko chupAkara varNana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha uktivaicitryamAtra hai, ataeva rasa meM bAdhaka hone ke kAraNa AcArya vizvanAtha ise alaGkAra nahIM mAnate-rasasya paripanthitvAnnAlaGkAraH prhelikaa| uktivaicitryamAnaM sA cyutdttaakssraadikaa|| cyutadattAkSarA, kriyA, kArakagupti Adi isake aneka bheda haiN| kUjanti kokilA: sAle, yauvane phullmmbujm| kiM karotu kuraGgAkSI vadanena nipiidditaa|| yaha prahelikA cyutAkSarA, dattAkSarA aura cyutadattAkSarA tInoM kA udAharaNa hai| 'rasAle' ke sthAna para 'sAle' kahA gayA hai, yahA~ akSaracyuti hai| 'vane' ke sthAna para 'yauvane' kahA gayA hai, ata: dattAkSarA nAmaka bheda huaa| 'madanena' ke sthAna para vadanena' AyA hai, ata: vakAra ko cyuta karake makAra kA AdAna karanA par3atA hai| pANDavAnAM sabhAmadhye duryodhana upaagtH| tasmai gAM ca suvarNaM ca sarvANyAbharaNAni c|| yaha kriyAgupti prahelikA kA udAharaNa hai| 'aduH yaH adhanaH' isa prakAra bhaGga karane para aduH yaha kriyApada prApta hotA hai| (10/17) prApti:-mukhasandhi kA eka angg| sukha ke lAbha ko prApti kahate haiM-prAptiH sukhaagmH| yathA ve.saM. meM bhIma kI pratijJA ke anantara draupadI kA yaha kathana-azrutapUrvaM khalvidaM vacanaM, tatpunaH punrbhnn| (6/74) prApti:--eka naattylkssnn| eka aMza ke dvArA zeSa ke anumAna ko prApti kahate haiM-prAptiH kenacidaMzena kinycidytraanumiiyte| yathA pra.va. meM 'anena khalu sarvatazcaratAM caJcarIkeNAvazyaM viditA bhaviSyati priyatamA me prbhaavtii|' yahA~ caJcarIka kI sarvatra vicaraNazIlatA ke dvArA prabhAvatI kI kutravarttitA kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| (6/182) prAptiH -zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295)

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prAptyAzA 123 prekSaNam prAptyAzA-kArya kI tRtIya avsthaa| jahA~ phalaprApti kI sambhAvanA upAya se sambhAvita tathA apAya kI AzaGkA se anizcayayukta ho, kArya kI prAptyAzA nAmaka sthiti hai-apAyApAyazaGkAbhyAM prAptyAzA praaptismbhvH| yathA ra.nA. ke tRtIyAGka meM veSaparivartana tathA abhisArAdi saGgama ke upAya hone para bhI vAsavadattArUpa apAya kI AzaGkA nirantara banI rahatI hai, ataH yahA~ prAptyAzA nAmaka avasthA hai| (6/57) prArthanA-garbhasandhi kA eka angg| rati, harSa, utsava Adi kI prArthanA prArthanAnAmaka sandhyaGga hai-ratiharSotsavAnAM tu prArthanaM prArthanA bhvet| yathA ra.nA. meM rAjA kA sAgarikA ke prati yaha kathana-zItAMzurmukhamutpale tava dRzau padmAnukArauM karau, rambhAstambhanibhaM tathoruyugalaM bAhU mRnnaalopmau| ityAhlAdakarAkhilAGgi rabhasAnniHzaGkamAliGgya mAmaGgAni tvamanaGgatApavidhurANyehyehi nirvaapy|| garbhasandhi ke prasaGga meM prArthanA nAmaka sandhyaGga unhIM AcAryoM ke mata se ginAyA gayA hai jo isI meM gatArtha hone ke kAraNa nirvahaNa sandhi ke prazastinAmaka aGga ko nahIM maante| jo vahA~ prazasti kI gaNanA karate haiM unake anusAra prArthanA sandhyaGga nahIM hai, anyathA nA.zA. kI catuHSaSTi sandhyaGga vAlI paramparA kA nirvAha nahIM ho paataa| (6/103) prAsaGgikam-kathAvastu kA eka prkaar| pradhAnabhUta AdhikArika vastu ke sAdhaka itivRtta ko prAsaGgika kahate haiM-asyopakaraNArthaM tu praasnggikmitiissyte| yathA rA. kI kathAvastu meM sugrIvAdi kA caritra prAsaGgika itivRtta hai| (6/25) priyavacaH-eka naattylkssnn| pUjya vyakti meM Adara pradarzita karane ke lie harSabhASaNa priyavacana kahA jAtA hai-syAtpramANayituM pUjyaM priyoktihrssbhaassnnm| yathA a.zA. meM yaha padya-udeti pUrvaM kusumaM tataH phalaM, ghanodayaH prAktadanantaraM pyH| nimittanaimittikayorayaM kramastava prasAdasya purastu smpdH|| (6/206) preDaNam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| isa ekAGkI uparUpaka meM garbha aura vimarza sandhi kA abhAva hotA hai, sUtradhAra nahIM hotA, na hI viSkambhaka aura pravezaka kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| nAndI aura prarocanA kA pATha nepathya meM hotA hai| yuddha, sampheTa tathA sabhI vRttiyoM kA prayoga hotA hai| isakA nAyaka hIna koTi kA hotA hai-garbhavimarzarahitaM prekSaNaM hiinnaaykm|

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preyaH 124 binduH asuutrdhaarmekaangkmvisskmbhkprveshkm| niyuddhasampheTayutaM srvvRttismaashritm| nepathye gIyate nAndI tathA tatra prrocnaa|| yathA, baalivdhH| (6/290) preyaH-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ bhAva kisI anya kA aGga banakara upasthita ho vahA~ preyaH alaGkAra hotA hai| isakI preyasaMjJA isake atyanta priya hone ke kAraNa hai| yathA-AmIlitAlasavivartitatArakAkSIM, mtknntthbndhndrshlthbaahuvlliim| prasvedavArikaNikAcitagaNDabimbAM, saMsmRtya tAmanizameti na shaantimntH|| isa padya meM smaraNa nAmaka bhAva vipralambha zRGgAra kA aGga hai| (10/124) protsAhanam-eka naattyaalngkaar| kisI ko kisI kArya meM lagAne ke lie utsAhavardhaka vANI kA prayoga karanA protsAhana kahalAtA haiprotsAhanaM syAdutsAhagirA kasyApi yojnm| yathA bA.sa. meM tADakA kA vadha karane ke lie vizvAmitra kI rAmacandra ke prati yaha ukti-kAlarAtrikarAleyaM strIti kiM vicikitssi| tajjagatritayaM trAtuM tAta tADaya taaddkaam|| (6/228) proSitabhartRkA-nAyikA kA eka prkaar| aneka kAryoM meM pha~sakara jisakA pati paradeza calA gayA ho vaha kAmapIDitA nAyikA proSitabhartRkA hotI hai-nAnAkAryavazAdyasyA dUradezaM gataH ptiH| sA manobhavaduHkhArtA bhvetprossitbhrtRkaa|| yathA-tAM jAnIthAH parimitakathAM jIvitaM me dvitIyaM, dUrIbhUte mayi sahacare ckrvaakiimivaikaam| gADhotkaNThAM guruSu divaseSveSu gacchatsu bAlAm, jAtAM manye ziziramathitAM padminI vaanyruupaam|| (6/97) phalAgamaH-kArya kI antima avsthaa| jahA~ kathAvastu ke samagra phala kI prApti ho jAye, vaha phalAgama nAmaka kAryAvasthA hai-sAvasthA phalayogaH syAdyaH smgrphlodyH| ra.nA. meM rAjA ke cakravarttitvarUpa phalAntara ke lAbha sahita ratnAvalI kI prApti phalAgama nAmaka kAryAvasthA hai| (6/59) __ binduH-arthaprakRti kA eka bhed| avAntara kathA ke vicchinna ho jAne para bhI jo itivRtta ko Age bar3hAtA tathA pradhAna kathA ko jor3e rakhatA hai use bindu kahate haiM-avAntarArthavicchede binduvicchedkaarnnm| yathA, ra.nA. meM anaGgapUjA samApta ho jAne para "udayanasyendorivodvIkSate" Adi vAkya sunakara

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bibboka : 125 bIbhatsaH sAgarikA kA harSapUrvaka yaha kathana ki " kathameSaH sa udayananarendraH " pradhAna kathA ke aviccheda kA hetu hai / ( 6/48) bibboka:-nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / atyanta garva ke sAtha abhISTa vastu meM bhI anAdara prakaTa karanA bibboka kahalAtA hai-bibbokastvatigarveNa vastunISTe'pyanAdaraH / yathA - yAsAM satyapi sadguNAnusaraNe doSAnuvRttiH parA, yAH prANAnvaramarpayanti na punaH sampUrNadRSTiM priye / atyantAbhimate'pi vastuni vidhiryAsAM niSedhAtmakastAstrailokyavilakSaNaprakRtayo vAmAH prasIdantu te / / (3/117) bIjam - arthaprakRti kA eka bhed| phalasiddhi kA vaha prathama hetu jo prArambha meM atyanta saMkSipta rUpa se uddiSTa ho parantu usakA vistAra kramazaH aneka rUpoM meM ho, use bIja kahate haiM- svalpamAtraM samuddiSTaM bahudhA ydvisrpti| phalasya prathamo heturbIjaM tadabhidhIyate / / laukika bIja ke samAna yaha bhI kramazaH vistAra ko prApta karatA huA antataH phalarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / yathA, ra. nA. meM anukUla daiva se yukta yaugandharAyaNa kA vyApAra athavA ve.saM. meM draupadI ke keza saMyamana ke lie bhImasena ke krodha se upacita yudhiSThira kA utsAha / (6/47) bIbhatsa :- eka rasa / jugupsA nAmaka sthAyIbhAva jaba vibhAvAdi se puSTa hokara anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai to vaha bIbhatsa nAmaka rasa hotA hai| durgandhayukta mA~sa, rudhira, carbI Adi isake Alambana tathA unhIM meM kITa Adi kA saJcAra ho jAnA uddIpana hai / thUkanA, mukha phera lenA, A~kha banda kara lenA Adi isake anubhAva tathA moha, apasmAra, Avega, vyAdhi, maraNa vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| isakA varNa nIla tathA devatA mahAkAla mAnA gayA hai - jugupsAsthAyibhAvastu bIbhatsaH kathyate rasaH / nIlavarNo mahAkAladaivato'yamudAhRtaH / durgandhamA~sapizitamedAMsyAlambanaM matam / tatraiva kRmipaataadymuddiipnmudaahRtm| niSThIvanAsyavalananetrasaGkocanAdayaH / anubhAvAstatra matAstathA syurvyabhicAriNaH / moho'pasmAra Avego vyAdhizca maraNAdayaH / / yathA - utkRtyotkRtya kRttiM prathamamatha pRthUcchothabhUyAMsi mAMsAnyaMsasRkpRSThapiNDAdyavayavasulabhAnyugrapUtIni jagdhvA / ArttaH paryastanetraH prakaTitadazana:

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bhagnaprakramatA 126 bhayAnakaH pretaraGkaH karaGkAdaGkasthAdasthisaMsthaM sthapuTagatamapi krvymvygrmtti|| isa padya meM zava tathA preta Alambana haiM, durgandha Adi uddiipn| glAni Adi saJcArIbhAva yahA~ gamya haiN| nAyaka (mAdhava) kI jugupsAsUcaka ukti anubhAva hai| ina sabake dvArA sahRdaya kA jugupsAnAmaka sthAyIbhAva udbuddha ho rahA hai| (3/230) bhagnaprakramatA-eka kaavydoss| jisa rUpa se upakrama kiyA jAye, anta taka usakA nirvAha na karanA bhagnaprakramatA hai| yathA-evamukto mantrimukhyaiH rAvaNaH prtybhaasst| yahA~ / vac se prakrama kiyA gayA hai, ataH prativacana bhI usI dhAtu se honA caahie| tadyathA-evamukto mantrimukhyaiH rAvaNaH prtyvoct| aisA kahane para kathitapadatva doSa nahIM AtA kyoMki yahA~ vacana aura prativacana meM uddezyapratinirdezabhAva hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) bhayaH-bhayAnaka rasa kA sthaayiibhaav| kisI raudra zakti (vyAghrAdi) se utpanna citta ko vyAkula karane vAlA bhAva bhaya nAmaka sthAyIbhAva hai-raudrazaktyA tu janitaM cittavaiklavyadaM bhym| (3/186) bhayAnaka:-eka rs| bhaya nAmaka sthAyIbhAva jaba vibhAvAdi se puSTa hokara anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai to bhayAnaka nAmaka rasa hotA hai| yaha striyoM tathA nIca prakRti ke pAtroM meM utpanna hotA hai| jisase bhaya utpanna ho vaha (siMhAdi) isakA Alambana hotA hai| usakI ghora ceSTAyeM isakI uddIpaka hotI haiN| vivarNa ho jAnA, vANI kA gadgada ho jAnA, mUrchA, pasInA AnA, romAJca, kampana, dizAoM meM idhara-udhara dekhane laganA Adi isake anubhAva haiM tathA jugupsA Avega, saMmoha, santrAsa,glAni, dInatA, zaGkA, apasmAra, sambhrAnti, mRtyu Adi isake vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| isakA varNa kRSNa tathA devatA kAla mAnA gayA hai-bhayAnako bhayasthAyibhAvaH kaalaadhidaivtH| strInIcaprakRtiH kRSNo mtstttvvishaardaiH| yasmAdutpadyate bhItistadatrAlambanaM mtm| ceSTA ghoratarAstasya bhaveduddIpanaM punH| anubhAvo'tra vaivrnnygdgdsvrbhaassnnm| pulksvedromaanyckmpdikprekssnnaadyH| jugupsaavegsNmohsntraasglaanidiintaaH| zaGkApasmArasambhrAntimRtyavAdyA vybhicaarinnH|| yathA-naSTaM varSavarairmanuSyagaNanAbhAvAdapAsyatrapAmanta:kaJcuki kaJcukasya vizati trAsAdayaM vaamnH|

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bharatavAkyam 127 bhANikA paryantAzrayibhirnijasya sadRzaM nAmnaH kirAtaiH kRtam / kubjA nIcatayaiva yAnti zanakairAtmekSaNAzaGkinaH / / isa padya meM vAnara ke antaHpura meM praviSTa hone para vahA~ upasthita nIca pAtroM ke bhaya kA varNana hai / yahA~ vAnara Alambana, usakI ceSTAyeM uddIpana, bhaya, dubakanA - chipanA, jhukakara calanA Adi anubhAva tathA dInatA, zaGkA Adi vyabhicArIbhAva bhayanAmaka cittavRtti ko puSTa kara rahe haiN| (3/229) bharatavAkyam-dekheM prazastiH / bhavan vipralambha:- kAryajanya pravAsavipralambha kA eka prakAra / nAyaka ke kAryavaza kisI anya deza meM cale jAne ke lie prastuta hone para nAyikA kA santapta honA bhavan kAryajanya pravAsavipralambha kahA jAtA hai| yathA- prasthAnaM valayaiH kRtaM priyasakhairasrairajasraM gataM, dhRtyA na kSaNamAsitaM vyavasitaM cittena gantuM puraH / yAtuM nizcitacetasi priyatame sarve samaM prasthitAH, gantavye sati jIvita priyasuhRtsArthaH kimu tyajyate / / yahA~ priya ke gamana ke samaya nAyikA kI apane prANoM ke prati yaha ukti hai jo usakI virahadazA ko bhI vyakta karatI hai| (3/213) bhANa:- rUpaka kA eka bheda / bhANa dhUrtoM ke caritra, eka aGka, eka hI nipuNa aura vidvAn viTa nAyaka se yukta aneka avasthAoM vAlA kAlpanika kathAnaka hai jahA~ prAyaH bhAratI vRtti ( kahIM-kahIM kaizikI), mukha aura nirvahaNa sandhiyA~ tathA dasoM lAsyAGga hote haiN| nAyaka raGgamaJca para sambodhana, uktipratyukti, AkAzabhASita Adi ke dvArA apanI athavA dUsaroM kI anubhUtiyoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| usake zaurya aura zRGgAra ke varNanoM se vIra tathA zRGgAra rasa sUcita kiye jAte haiM - bhANaH syAddharttacarito nAnAvasthAntarAtmakaH / ekAGka eka evAtra nipuNaH paNDito viTaH / raGge prakAzayetsvenAnubhUtamitareNa vA / sambodhanoktipratyuktI kuryAdAkAzabhASitaiH / sUcayed vIrazRGgArau shaurysaubhaagyvrnnnaiH| tatretivRttamutpAdyaM vRttiH prAyeNa bhAratI | mukhanirvahaNe sandhI lAsyAGgAni dazApi c|| isakA udAharaNa lIlAmadhukara hai| (6/255) bhANikA - uparUpaka kA eka bheda / isa ekAGkI uparUpaka meM veSAdi kI racanA kA sundara vidhAna hotA hai / mukha aura nirvahaNa sandhiyoM tathA kaizikI

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bhAratI 128 bhAva: aura bhAratI vRttiyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isakI nAyikA udAtta hotI hai tathA nAyaka mnd| yaha racanA sAta aGgoM - upanyAsa, vinyAsa, vibodha, sAdhvasa, samarpaNa, nivRtti aura saMhAra se yukta hotI hai-bhANikA zlakSNanepathyA mukhanirvahaNAnvitA / kaizikI bhAratIvRttiyuktaikAGkavinirmitA / udAttanAyikA mandapuruSA'trAGgasaptakam / isakA udAharaNa kAmadattA hai| (6/300) bhAratI - nATyavRtti kA eka prakAra / yadyapi nAyaka ke vANI, zarIra aura mana ke vyApAra eka dUsare ke sAtha saGkIrNa rUpa se vyApta rahate haiM tathApi pradhAnatayA bhAratI vacovyApArarUpA vRtti hai- bhAratI vAgvRttiH pAThyapradhAnA bhAratI ( a.bhA.) / nA.zA. meM isakI utpatti Rgveda se batAyI gayI hai - RgvedAdbhAratI vRttiH / viSNu ke dvArA pRthvI para pAdanyAsa karane se jo bhAra par3A usase bhAratI vRtti kI utpatti huI / ataeva yaha puruSa pAtroM ke dvArA prayukta kI jAtI hai tathA isameM striyA~ varjita rahatI haiN| dhanaJjaya ne bharatoM ke vAgvyApAra para Azrita hone ke kAraNa hI inakI saMjJA bhAratI svIkAra kI hai| sA.da. kA bhAratIvRtti kA lakSaNa bhI avikala rUpa se da.rU. se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai - bhAratI saMskRtaprAyo vAgvyApAro narAzrayaH / samAhAra rUpa se bhAratI naToM ke dvArA prayukta saMskRtaprAya vAgvyApAra hai| isakA prayoga sabhI rasoM meM samAna rUpa se hotA hai - vRttiH sarvatra bhAratI / isake cAra aGga hote haiM- prarocanA, vIthI, prahasana aura Amukha | ( 6/14) bhAvaH- rasa kA eka aGga / pradhAnatA ke sAtha varNita vyabhicArIbhAva, devamunigurunRpAdiviSayA rati tathA vibhAvAdi ke dvArA aparipuSTa hone ke kAraNa rasatva ko aprApta sthAyIbhAva 'bhAva' kahe jAte haiM- saJcAriNaH pradhAnAni devAdiviSayA ratiH / ubuddhamAtra H sthAyI ca bhAva ityabhidhIyate / / ina tInoM ke udAharaNa kramaza: isa prakAra haiM- evaM vAdini devarSau pArzve pituradhomukhI / lIlAkamalapatrANi gaNayAmAsa pArvatI / / ku.sa. ke isa padya meM avahittthA nAmaka vyabhicArIbhAva hI ApAtataH pradhAna pratIta hotA hai| prapAnaka rasa meM jisa prakAra mirca, khANDa Adi ekIbhAva ko prApta rahate haiM parantu phira bhI jaise kisI eka vastu kI adhikatA ho jAne ke kAraNa usakA svAda alaga se pratIta hotA hai usI prakAra kabhI-kabhI koI vyabhicArIbhAva bhI pradhAna

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bhAva. 129 bhAva: ho jAtA hai| divi vA bhuvi vA mamAstu vAso narake vA narakAntaka prkaamm| avadhIritazAradAravindau caraNau te maraNe'pi cintyaami|| isa padya meM devaviSayaka ratibhAva varNita hai| tathA, harastu kiJcitparivRttadhairyazcandrodayArambha ivaamburaashiH| umAmukhe bimbaphalAdharoSThe vyApArayAmAsa vilocnaani|| yahA~ pArvatIviSayaka ziva kA ratibhAva pUrNarUpa se paripuSTa nahIM ho paayaa| AcArya bharata ne rasa aura bhAva ke sambandha ke viSaya meM eka pakSa yaha bhI upasthApita kiyA thA ki "rasa bhAvoM se rahita nahIM hotA aura na hI bhAva rasarahita hote haiN| rasa aura bhAva ina donoM kI siddhi paraspara eka dUsare para nihita hai'| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki sabhI rasa bhAvoM ke dvArA kisI na kisI bhAva kI hI pariNati haiM arthAt bhAva hI rasoM ko niSpanna karate haiM, dUsarI ora rasa bhAvoM ko bhAvatva pradAna karate haiN| yaha usI prakAra se hotA hai jaise vividha vyaJjanoM ke saMyoga se anna meM rasavattA A jAtI hai tathA dUsarI ora anna se ve vyaJjana bhI AsvAdanIya ho jAte haiM parantu isa prakAra rasoM ke sAtha rahate hue bhI ve bhAva kabhI-kabhI usI prakAra pradhAna ho jAte haiM jaise bhRtya ke vivAha meM rAjA ke upasthita hone para bhI pradhAnatA bhRtya kI hI rahatI hai| (3/239,40) ___ bhAva:-rasoM ke nirvrttk| sukhaduHkhAdi bhAvoM ke dvArA sahRdayoM ke citta ko bhAvita kara denA bhAva kahA jAtA hai-sukhduHkhaadibhirbhaavairbhaavstdbhaavbhaavnm| rati Adi sthAyIbhAva, nirveda Adi saJcArIbhAva tathA sAttvikabhAva aneka prakAra ke abhinayoM se sambaddha hokara rasoM ko udbhAvita karate haiM, isIlie ve bhAva kahe jAte haiM-nAnAbhinayasambaddhAn bhAvayanti rasAn ytH| tasmAd bhAvA amI proktAH sthaayisnycaarisaattvikaaH|| sthAyIbhAva to svayameva paripuSTa hokara rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, isalie vaha to rasa kA mUla hI hai| bhAvoM meM sarvaprathama ullekha inakI pradhAnatA ko dyotita karatA hai| vyabhicArI ve kSaNika bhAva haiM jo sthAyIbhAva meM samudra kI laharoM kI taraha AvirbhUta aura tirobhUta hote rahate haiN| isa prakAra ve rasAnubhUti ke sahakArikAraNa banate haiN| sAttvikabhAva stambha, romAJca Adi haiM jo anubhAvarUpa haiN| ye rasaprakriyA ke kAryarUpa kahe jAte haiN| vibhAvAdi meM bhI bhAvatva

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bhAvazAntiH bhAvaH 130 ataH rasaprakriyA meM upakArI hone ke kAraNa hI AtA hai| Alambana aura uddIpana vibhAvoM ke dvArA sAmAjikagata ratyAdi bhAva vibhAvita kiye jAte haiM, ye isake kAraNarUpa haiN| isa prakAra bhAva eka rasasApekSa sattA hai jo sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM rasoM kI bhAvanA kraaye| (3/187) bhAvaH- nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / yaha aGgaja vikAra hai| janma se hI nirvikAra citta meM udbuddhamAtra prathama vikAra bhAva kahalAtA hai - nirvikArAtmake citte bhAvaH prathamavikriyA / yathA - sa eva surabhi kAlaH, sa eva malayAnilaH / saiveyamabalA kintu mano'nyadiva dRzyate / / ( 3 / 104) bhAvazabalatA - aneka bhAvoM kI eka sAtha sthiti / aneka bhAvoM kI eka sAtha sthiti bhAvazabalatA kahI jAtI hai| yathA - kvAkAryaM zazalakSmaNaH kva ca kulaM, bhUyo'pi dRzyeta sA, doSANAM prazamasya naH zrutamaho kope'pi kAntaM mukhm| kiM vakSyantyapakalmaSAH kRtadhiyaH, svapne'pi sA durlabhA, cetaH svAsthyamupehi kaH khalu yuvA dhanyo'dharaH pAsyati / / isa padya meM vitarka, autsukya, (prathama caraNa) mati, smRti, (dvitIya caraNa) zaGkA, dainya, (tRtIya caraNa) dhRti, cintA (caturtha caraNa) bhAvoM kI zabalatA hai| (3/244) bhAvazabalatA-eka arthAlaGkAra / jahA~ aneka bhAvoM kA mizraNa kisI anya kA aGga banakara Aye vahA~ bhAvazabalatA nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai| yathA - pazyetkazciccalacapala re kA tvarA'haM kumArI, hastAlambaM vitara hahahA vyutkramaH kvAsi yAsi / itthaM pRthvIparivRr3ha bhavadvidviSo'raNyavRtteH kanyA kaJcitphalakisalayAnyAdadhAnAbhidhatte / / isa padya meM 'pazyetkazcit ' meM zaGkA, 'capala re' meM asUyA, 'kA tvarA' meM dhRti, 'ahaM kumArI' meM smRti, 'hastAlambaM vitara' meM zrama, 'hahahA' meM dainya, 'vyutkramaH' meM vibodha, 'kvAsi yAsi' meM autsukya nAmaka bhAvoM kA mizraNa hai jo rAjaviSayaka ratibhAva kA aGga banakara upasthita huA hai| I (10/125) bhAvazAnti :- pUrva bhAva kI samApti / kisI virodhI bhAva ke sahasA upasthita ho jAne para pUrvabhAva kI samApti ko bhAvazAnti kahate haiN| yathA - sutanu jahihi kopaM pazya pAdAnataM mAM, na khalu tava kadAcit kopa evaM vidho'bhUt / iti nigadati nAthe tiryagAmIlitAkSyA, nayanajalamanalpaM muktamuktaM

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bhAvikam bhAvasandhiH 131 na kinycit|| yahA~ vASpamocana se IrSyAnAmaka saJcArIbhAva kI zAnti ho rahI hai| (3/244) bhAvasandhiH- do bhAvoM kA miln| samAna camatkAra vAle do bhAvoM kI sandhi bhAvasandhi kahI jAtI hai| yathA-nayanayugAsecanakaM mAnasavRttyApi dusspraapm| rUpamidaM madirAkSyA madayati hRdayaM dunoti ca me|| taruNI sundara hone ke kAraNa Anandita tathA durlabha hone ke kAraNa ekasAtha viSaSNa bhI kara rahI hai|atH harSa aura viSAda bhAvoM kI sandhi hai| (3/244) bhAvasandhiH-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ samAna camatkAra vAle do bhAvoM kI sandhi kisI anya kA aGga banakara Aye vahA~ bhAvasandhi nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai| ythaa-jnmaantriinnrmnnsyaanggsnggsmutsukaa| salajjA cAntike sakhyAH pAtu naH pArvatI sdaa|| isa padya meM utsukatA aura lajjA nAmaka bhAva devatAviSayaka ratibhAva ke aGga haiN| (10/125) . bhAvAbhAsaH-anaucityapravRtta bhaav| koI bhAva yadi anaucitya se pravRtta huA ho to use bhAvAbhAsa kahate haiM-anaucityapravRttasyAbhAso rsbhaavyoH| bharataprokta rasabhAva ke lakSaNoM kA pUrNarUpa se pravRtta na ho pAnA bhAvAbhAsa hai| yathA, vezyA Adi meM lajjA Adi ke bhAva ko varNita karanA bhAvAbhAsa hai| (3/241, 43) bhAvikam-eka arthaalngkaar| bhUta athavA bhAvI kisI adbhuta padArtha ke pratyakSAyamANa hone ko bhAvika kahate haiM-adbhutasya padArthasya bhUtasyAtha bhvissytH| yatpratyakSAyamANatvaM tdbhaavikmudaahRtm|| yathA-munirjayati yogIndro mahAtmA kumbhsmbhvH| yenaikaculuke dRSTau divyau tau mtsykcchpau| tathA, AsIdaJjanamatreti pazyAmi tava locne| bhAvibhUSaNasambhArAM sAkSAtkurve tvaakRtim|| pUrvapadya meM agastya RSi kA varNana hai jinhoMne eka cullu meM sAgara kA pAna karate hue matsya aura kacchapa (avatAroM) ko dekhaa| isa varNana se mAno bhUta kI ghaTanA pratyakSavat ho uThatI hai| dvitIya padya meM nAyikA kI vaha avasthA jaba vaha aJjana lagAyA karatI thI (bhUta) tathA jaba vaha AbhUSaNoM se ramaNIya hogI (bhaviSya), pratyakSAyamANa hai| yaha prasAdaguNa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha bhUta aura bhAvI ke pratyakSAyamANatva

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bhAvI vipralambhaH 132 bhASaNam kA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| yaha adbhuta rasa bhI nahIM hai kyoMki yaha vismaya kA hetu hai jabaki adbhuta vismayarUpa hotA hai| adhyavasAya siddha na hone ke kAraNa yaha atizayokti alaGkAra bhI nahIM hai| bhUta aura bhAvI ghaTanAoM ke usI rUpa meM prakAzita hone ke kAraNa yaha bhrAntimAn bhI nahIM hai| svabhAvokti meM vastu kA sUkSmarUpa varNita rahatA hai parantu yahA~ usakI pratyakSAyamANatA pradhAna hai| yadi kahIM svabhAvokti meM isakA svarUpa dikhAI de to ina donoM kA saGkara mAna liyA jAnA caahie| (10/122) bhAvI vipralambhaH-kAryajanya pravAsavipralambha kA eka bhed| bhaviSya meM hone vAle vipralambha kA smaraNa karake hI nAyikA meM usake anubhAvoM kA utpanna ho jAnA bhAvI kAryajanya pravAsavipralambha kahA jAtA hai| yathA-yAmaH sundari! yAhi pAntha, dayite zokaM vRthA mA kRthAH, zokaste gamane kuto mama, tato vASpaM kathaM munycsi| zIghraM na vrajasIti mAM gamayituM kasmAdiyaM te tvarA, bhUyAdasya saha tvayA jigamiSorjIvasya me smbhrmH|| yahA~ nAyaka ke bhAvI pravAsa kI kalpanA se nAyikA ke prANoM meM bhI zIghra nikala jAne kA sambhrama utpanna ho rahA hai| (3/213) bhAvodayaH- eka bhAva kI zAnti ke pazcAt dUsare bhAva kA udaya bhAvodaya kahalAtA hai| yathA-caraNapatanapratyAkhyAnAtprasAdaparAGmukhe, nibhRta kitavAcAretyuktvA ruSA prussiikRte| vrajati ramaNe nizvAsitasyoccaiH stanasthitahastayA, nayanasalilacchannA dRSTiH sakhISu nivessitaa| yahA~ nAyaka ke anunaya ko svIkAra na karane para tathA ruSTa hokara use lauTate hue dekhakara nAyikA ke viSAdabhAva kA udaya vyaJjita hai| (3/244) bhAvodayaH- eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ bhAvodaya kisI anya kA aGga banakara Aye, vahA~ bhAvodaya nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai| yathA-madhupAnapravRttaste suhRdbhiH saha vairinnH| zrutvA kuto'pi tvannAma lebhire viSamAM dshaam|| isa padya meM trAsAdi saJcArIbhAva rAjaviSayaka ratibhAva ke aGga haiN| (10/125) bhASaNam-nirvahaNa sandhi kA eka angg| sAmadAnAdi ko bhASaNa kahA jAtA hai-sAmadAnAdi bhaassnnm| yathA ca. kau. meM "dharma:- tadehi dhrmlokmdhitisstth'| yahA~ sAma kA prayoga hai| (6/134)

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133 bhASAzleSaH bhASAzleSaH-zleSAlaGkAra kA eka bhed| jahA~ vibhinna bhASAoM kI zliSTatA ke kAraNa zleSa kI pratIti ho, yathA- mahate surasaMdhaM me tamava smaasnggmaagmaahrnne| hara bahusaraNaM taM cittamohamavasara ume shsaa|| yaha padya saMskRta tathA mahArASTrI prAkRta donoM meM par3hA jA sakatA hai| (10/14) bhASAsamaH-eka shbdaalngkaar| jahA~ eka hI prakAra ke zabdoM ke dvArA aneka bhASAoM meM vahI vAkya bane vahA~ bhASAsama alaGkAra hotA hai-zabdairekavidhaireva bhASAsu vividhaasvpi| vAkyaM yatra bhavetso'yaM bhASAsama itiissyte|| yathA-maJjulamaNimaJjIre kalagambhIre vihaarsrsiitiire| virasAsi kelikIre kimAli! dhIre ca gndhsaarsmiire|| yaha zloka saMskRta, prAkRta, zaurasenI, prAcyA, avantI, nAgara, apabhraMza Adi bhASAoM meM samAna hI hai| (10/12) . bhUtavipralambhaH-kAryajanya pravAsavipralambha kA eka prkaar| kAryavaza nAyaka ke anyadeza meM cale jA cukane ke uparAnta nAyikA ke santApa kA varNana bhUta kAryajanya pravAsavipralambha hai| yathA-cintAbhiH stimitaM manaH karatale lIlAkapolasthalI, pratyUSakSaNadezapANDuvadanaM shvaasaikkhinno'dhrH| ambhaH zIkarapadminI kisalayai paiti tApaH zamaM ko'syAH prArthitadurlabho'sti sahate dInAM dshaamiidRshiim|| isa padya meM virahiNI nAyikA kI viyogadazA varNita hai| (3/213) bhUSaNam-eka naattylkssnn| alaGkAroM sahita guNoM kA yoga bhUSaNa nAmaka lakSaNa hai-guNaiH sAlaGkArairyogastu bhuussnnm| yathA-AkSipantyaravindAni mugdhe tava mukhshriym| koSadaNDasamagrANAM kimeSAmasti dusskrm|| isa padya ke artha kA upamA meM paryavasAna hone se nidarzanA, uttarArdha ke dvArA pUrvArdha kA samarthana hone se arthAntaranyAsa tathA zrI, koSa aura daNDa padoM ke vyarthaka hone se zleSa alaGkAra kA mAdhurya aura prasAda guNoM ke sAtha yoga hone ke kAraNa bhUSaNa nAmaka lakSaNa hai| (6/171) bhedaH-nAyikA kA mAnabhaGga karane kA eka upaay| nAyikA kI sakhI ko tor3akara apanI ora milA lene ko bheda kahate haiN-bhedsttskhyupaarjnm| (3/208)

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134 bhedaH madaH bhedaH-mukhasandhi kA eka angg| mile huoM ke bhedana ko bheda kahate haiM-bhedaH sNhtbhednm| yathA ve.saM. meM bhIma kA yaha kathana ki "ata evAdyaprabhRti bhinno'haM bhvdbhyH'| kucha AcArya protsAhanA arthAt pAtra ko bIja ke prati utsAhita karane ko bheda kahate haiN| yaha mata dhanaJjayAdi kA hai| (6/80) bhraMzaH-eka naattylkssnn| pramatta Adi puruSa ke dvArA abhimata se viparIta artha kA kathana bhraMza kahA jAtA hai-dRptAdInAM bhavedbazo vaacyaadnytrdvcH| yathA ve.saM. meM duryodhana ke dvArA ukta "sahabhRtyagaNaM." Adi padya meM 'pANDusutaM suyodhanaH' ke sthAna para 'pANDusutaH suyodhanam' yaha kthn| (6/191) bhrAntimAn-eka arthaalngkaar| upameya meM upamAna ke bhrama ko, yadi vaha kavipratibhA se utpanna huA ho, bhrAntimAn kahate haiM- sAmyAdatasmiMstadbuddhirbhrAntimAn prtibhotthitH| isake sAtha-sAtha yaha bhrama sAdRzyamUlaka bhI honA caahie| yathA-mugdhA dugdhadhiyA gavAM vidadhate kumbhAnadho ballavAH, karNe kairavazaGkayA kuvalayaM kurvanti kAntA api| karkandhUphalamuccinoti zabarI muktAphalAzaGkayA, sAndrA cAndramasI na kasya kurute cittabhramaM cndrikaa|| (10/53) maJjiSThArAgaH-pUrvarAga kA eka prkaar| jo atyanta camaka dikhAye tathA hRdaya se jAye bhI nahIM, vaha maJjiSThArAga kahA jAtA hai-mnyjisstthaaraagmaahustdynnaapaitytishobhte| (3/203) __ matiH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| nItimArga kA anusaraNa karake artha kA nizcaya karanA mati hai| isameM muskurAhaTa, dhairya, santoSa tathA AtmasammAna hotA hai-nItimArgAnusRtyAderarthanirdhAraNaM mtiH| smeratA dhRtisantoSau bahumAnazca tdbhvaaH|| yathA-asaMzayaM kSatraparigrakSamA yadAryamasyAmabhilASi me mnH| satAM hi sandehapadeSu vastuSu prmaannaan.krnnprvRttyH|| yahA~ duSyanta nItipUrvaka vicAra karake zakuntalA se vivAha kA nizcaya karatA huA varNita kiyA gayA hai| (3/170) madaH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| madya Adi ke sevana se utpanna hone vAlA saMmoha aura Ananda kA mizraNa mada kahalAtA hai-saMmohAnandasambhedo mado

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manoratha: madaH 135 mdyopyogjH| isake sevana ke uparAnta uttama koTi ke puruSa so jAte haiM, madhyama koTi ke ha~sate aura gAte haiM tathA nIca koTi ke puruSa kaThora vacana (gAlI Adi) bolate aura rote haiN| yathA-prAtibhaM trisarakeNa gatAnAM vkrvaakyrcnaarmnniiyH| gUDhasUcitarahasyasahAsa: subhruvAM pravavRte parihAsaH / / isa padya meM madyapAna ke anantara ramaNiyoM ke hAsaparihAsa ke prArambha hone kA varNana hai / (3/153) madaH - nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / saubhAgya, yauvana Adi ke garva se utpanna manovikAra ko mada kahate haiM-mado vikAra : saubhAgyayauvanAdyavalepajaH / yathA - mA garvamudvaha kaMpolatale cakAsti kAntasvahastalikhitA mama mnyjriiti| anyApi kiM na khalu bhAjanamIdRzInAM vairI na cedbhavati vepathurantarAya: | | ( 3/123) madhyA - svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bheda / vicitra prakAra kI rati meM pravINa, yauvana tathA kAmabhAva se yukta, premAlApa meM pragalbha tathA jo rati meM adhika lajjA na kare vaha madhyAnAmaka svakIyA nAyikA hotI hai - madhyA vicitrasuratA, prarUDhasmarayauvanA / ISatpragalbhavacanA madhyamavrIDitA matA / / inameM se eka-eka guNa bhI usake madhyAtva kA AdhAyaka hai| yathA-netre khaJjanagaJjane sarasijapratyarthi pANidvayaM, vakSojau karikumbhavibhramakarImatyunnatiM gcchtH| kAntiH kAJcanacampakapratinidhirvANI sudhAsyandinI, smerendIvaradAmasodaravapustasyAH kaTAkSacchaTA: / / isa padya meM prarUDhayauvanA nAyikA kA varNana hai| mAna kI sthiti meM madhyAnAyikA ke dhIrA, adhIrA tathA dhIrAdhIrA ke rUpa meM tIna bheda hote haiN| ye tInoM prakAra kI madhyA nAyikAyeM pati ke prema ke AdhAra para jyeSThA aura kaniSThA ke rUpa meM do-do prakAra kI hotI haiN| isa prakAra madhyA nAyikA ke chaha bheda niSpanna hote haiN| (3/72) manoratha:- eka nATyalakSaNa / bhaGgyantara se apanA abhiprAya prakaTa karane ko manoratha kahate haiM- manorathastvaMbhiprAyasyoktirbhaGgyantareNa yat / yathA - ratikelikalaH kiJcideSo manmathamantharaH / pazya subhru ! samAzvastAM kAdambazcumbati priyAm / / (6/204)

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mantrI 136 mahAkAvyam mantrI-rAjA kA shaayk| arthoM kI cintA meM mantrI rAjA kA sahAyaka hotA hai-mantrI syaadrthcintaayaam| artha se abhiprAya hai-tntraavaapaadi| tantra arthAt rAjakRtya, usakA AvApa arthAt yogyAyogya anusstthaan| mantrI isa kArya meM rAjA kI sahAyatA karate haiN| vizeSarUpa se dhIralalita nAyaka ke rAjya kA bhAra to mantrI para hI Ayatta hotA hai| (3/51) maraNam-eka vybhicaariibhaav| bANa Adi ke lagane se jIvana kA tyAga ho jAnA maraNa kahalAtA hai| isakI abhivyakti bhUmi para girane Adi anubhAvoM se kI jAtI hai-zarAdyairmaraNaM jiivtyaago'nggptnaadikRt| yathA-rAmamanmathazareNa tADitA du:sahena hRdaye nishaacrii| gandhavadradhiracandanokSitA jIvitezavasatiM jagAma saa|| yahA~ rAma ke bANa se mArI gayI tADakA kA varNana hai| dhanaJjaya ne 'maraNa' kA lakSaNa nahIM diyA kyoMki eka to isake anubhAvAdi prasiddha hI haiM, dUsare, nATaka meM isakA pradarzana varjita hai| (3/161) ___mahAkAvyam-sargabaddha kaavyrcnaa| mahAkAvya kA mahat vizeSaNa hI vastutaH usakI vastu, netA aura zilpasambandhI saGkalpanAoM ko paribhASita karatA hai| kAvyazAstra ke AcArya prArambha se hI isameM varNanIya viSayoM kA tar3e manoyoga se vivecana karate rahe haiN| vizvanAtha ke samakSa isakI eka lambI paramparA vidyamAna thii| sabase uttaravartI hone ke kAraNa sA.da. kA lakSaNa apekSAkRta adhika vyApakatA apane meM samAhita kiye hue hai| koI aitihAsika athavA lokaprasiddha caritoM se yukta kathAnaka puruSArthacatuSTaya se sampanna ho tathA usI caturvarga meM se koI eka usa kathA kA phala bhI honA caahie| isakA nAyaka koI devatA athavA kulIna kSatriya hotA hai jo dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke guNoM se samanvita ho athavA eka hI sadvaMza meM utpanna aneka rAjA bhI isake nAyaka ho sakate haiN| isakA udAharaNa raghuvaMza hai| zRGgAra, vIra athavA zAnta meM se koI eka rasa aGgI hotA hai, anya sabhI rasa gauNa hote haiN| sargabaddhatA to mahAkAvya kA paryAya hI bana gayI hai, isakA sImAnirdhAraNa AcArya vizvanAtha ne "nAtisvalpA nAtidIrghAH sargA aSTAdhikA iha" kahakara kiyA hai| sarga meM prAyaH eka hI chanda kA prayoga hotA hai tathA usakI samApti para chanda meM parivartana kara diyA jAtA hai| vahIM bhAvI kathAvastu kI sUcanA bhI

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137 mahAkAvyam mahAkAvyam hotI hai| kahIM-kahIM aneka chandoM vAle sarga bhI dRSTigata hote haiN| kathA ke prArambha meM namaskArAtmaka, AzIrvAdAtmaka athavA vastunirdezAtmaka maGgalAcaraNa hotA hai| madhya-madhya meM kahIM duSToM kI nindA tathA sajjanoM kA guNakIrtana kiyA jAtA hai| isase kathAvastu ke uddezya meM udAttatA AtI hai| samagra kathAnaka sandhyA, sUrya, candra, rAtri, pradoSa, andhakAra, dina, prAtaH, madhyAhna, mRgayA, parvata, Rtu, vana, sAgara, sambhoga, vipralambha, muni, svarga, nagara, yajJa, raNa, yAtrA, vivAha, mantra, putra Adi ke sAGgopAGga varNanoM se yathAsambhava sampanna hotA hai| sabhI nATyasandhiyoM kA bhI nirvAha hotA hai| isakA nAma kavi ke caritra, nAyaka athavA kisI anya caritra ke nAma se bhI kiyA jAtA hai tathA sarga kA nAmakaraNa usameM varNita kathA se kiyA jAtA hai| isake udAharaNa raghuvaMza, zizupAlavadha, naiSadha tathA svayaM kavirAjaviracita rAghavavilAsAdi haiN| ___yadi yaha RSipraNIta (ArSa kAvya) ho to sargoM kA nAma AkhyAna hotA hai, yathA mhaabhaart| prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hone para sarga kI saMjJA AzvAsa hotI hai tathA skandhaka athavA galitaka chandoM kA prayoga hotA hai, yathA setubandha athavA kuvalayAzvacaritam meN| apabhraMza ke mahAkAvya meM sargoM kI saMjJA kaDavaka hotI hai tathA apabhraMzayogya hI chandoM kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| isakA udAharaNa karNaparAkramaH hai-sargabandho mahAkAvyaM tatraiko nAyakaH surH| sadvaMzaH kSatriyo vApi dhiirodaattgunnaanvitH| ekavaMzabhavA bhUpAH kulajA bahavo'pi vaa| zRGgAravIrazantAnAmeko'GgIrasa issyte| aGgAni sarve'pi rasAH sarve naattksndhyH| itihAsodbhavaM vRttamanyad vA sjjnaashrym| catvArastatra vargAH syusteSvekaJca phalaM bhvet| Adau namaskriyA''zIrvA vastunirdeza eva vaa| kvacinnindA khalAdInAM satAM ca gunnkiirtnm| ekavRttamayaiH pdyairvsaane'nyvRttkaiH| nAtisvalpA nAtidIrghAH sargA aSTAdhikA ih| nAnAvRttamaya: kvApi sargaH kazcana dRshyte| sargAnte bhAvisargasya kathAyAH sUcanaM bhvet| sndhyaasuuryendurjniiprdossdhvaantvaasraaH| praatrmdhyaahnmRgyaashailrtuvnsaagraaH| sambhogavipralambhau ca munisvrgpuraadhvraaH| rnnpryaannopymmntrputrodyaadyH| varNanIyA yathAyogaM sAGgopAGgA amI ih| kavettasya vA nAmnA nAyakasyetarasya vaa| nAmAsya, sargopAdeyakathayA sarganAma tu| asminnArSe punaH sargA bhvntyaakhyaansNjnykaaH|| prAkRtairnirmite tasmin sargA aashvaassNjnykaaH| chandasA

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mahAnATakam 138 mAdhuryam skandhakenaitat kvcidglitkairpi|| apabhraMzanibandhe'smin sargAH kddvkaabhidhaaH| tathApabhraMzayogyAni chandAMsi vividhaanypi|| (6/303-6) mahAnATakam-daza aGkoM se yukta naattk| nATaka hI jaba sabhI patAkAsthAnakoM tathA daza aGkoM se yukta hotA hai to use mahAnATaka kahate haiM-etadeva yadA sarvaiH patAkAsthAnakairyutam / abaizca dazabhirdhIrA mhaanaattkmuucire|| ythaa-baalraamaaynn| (6/252) mahAvAkyam-vAkyoM kA smuuh| yogyatA, AkAMkSA aura Asattiyukta vAkyoM kA samUha mahAvAkya kahalAtA hai-vAkyoccayo mhaavaakym| isakI sattA ke samarthana meM AcArya ne eka kArikA uddhRta kI hai jisameM mahAvAkya kI racanA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai-svArthabodhe smaaptaanaamnggaanggitvvypekssyaa| vAkyAnAmekavAkyatvaM punaH saMhatya jaayte|| arthAt apane-apane artha kA bodha karavAkara samApta hue vAkyoM kA aGgAGgibhAva se punaH milakara ekavAkyatva niSpanna hotA hai, yahI mahAvAkya hai| isakA udAharaNa rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, raghuvaMza Adi haiN| (2/2) mAdhuryam-nAyaka kA sAttvika gunn| kSobha kA kAraNa upasthita hone para bhI nahIM ghabarAnA mAdhurya kahalAtA hai-saMkSobheSvapyanudvego mAdhuryaM prikiirtitm| (3/64) ___ mAdhuryam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| sabhI avasthAoM meM ramaNIyatA kA nAma mAdhurya hai-sarvAvasthAvizeSeSu mAdhuryaM rmnniiytaa| yathA-sarasijamanuviddhaM zaivalenApi ramyaM, malinamapi himAMzorlakSma lakSmI tnoti| iyamadhikamanojJA valkalenApi tanvI, kimiva hi madhurANAM maNDanaM naakRtiinaam|| (3/110) mAdhuryam-eka kaavygunn| citta kA drutirUpa AhlAda mAdhurya kahA jAtA hai-cittadravIbhAvo hlAdo maadhurymucyte| mAdhurya cittadruti kA kAraNa nahIM hai kyoMki druti vAstava meM AhlAda athavA rasarUpa hI hai jo kArya nahIM ho sakatI, ata: usakA koI kAraNa bhI hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| yaha guNa zAnta, vipralambha, karuNa aura sambhoga meM pravRddha rahatA hai| isakI vyaJjaka racanA Tavarga ke abhAva, paJcamAkSaroM se saMyukta, laghu r N se yukta hotI hai| yahA~

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mAnaH 139 mAlopamA samAsa atyalpa athavA prAyaH nahIM hote| yathA-anaGgamaGgalabhuvastadapAGgasya bhnggyH| janayanti muhurduunaamntHsntaapsnttim|| (8/3-5) mAnaH-vipralambha zRGgAra kA eka prkaar| praNaya meM nAyaka, nAyikA athavA donoM kA kupita ho jAnA mAna kahalAtA hai-mAnaH kopH| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai-praNayajanya aura iirssyaajny| jina upAyoM se nAyaka kupita nAyikA ko prasanna karatA hai, ve mAnabhaGga ke upAya kahe jAte haiN| sA.da. meM isa sandarbha meM chaha upAya batAye gaye haiM-sAma, bheda, dAna, nati, upekSA aura rsaantr| (3/204) mArga:-garbhasandhi kA eka angg| yathArtha kathana karanA mArga kahA jAtA hai-tattvArthakathanaM maargH| isakA udAharaNa ca.kau. meM rAjA harizcandra kA vizvAmitra ke prati kahA gayA yaha vacana hai- gRhyatAmarjitamidaM bhaaryaatnyvikryaat| zeSasyArthe kariSyAmi caannddaale'pyaatmvikrym|| (6/97) mAlA-eka naattylkssnn| abhISTa artha kI siddhi ke lie aneka arthoM kA pratipAdana mAlA kahA jAtA hai-mAlA syAdyadabhISTArthaM naikaarthprtipaadnm| yathA-a.zA. meM zakuntalA ke prasAdanarUpa abhISTa artha kI siddhi ke lie duSyanta ke dvArA isa padya meM aneka arthoM kA pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA hai-kiM zItalaiH klamavinodibhirAvAtaiH, saMvAhayAmi nliniidltaalvRntaiH| aGke nivezya caraNAvuta padmatAmrau, saMvAhayAmi karabhoru! yathA sukhaM te|| (6/195) __mAlAdIpakam-eka alngkaar| jaba eka dharma uttarottara aneka dharmiyoM se sambaddha hotA jAye to mAlAdIpaka nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai-tanmAlAdIpakaM punH| dharmiNAmekadharmeNa sambandho ydythottrm| yathA-tvayi saGgarasamprApte dhanuSAsAditAH shraaH| zarairarizirastena bhUstayA tvaM tvayA yshH|| yahA~ prAptinAmaka dharma uttarottara dharmiyoM ke sAtha sambaddha hotA jAtA hai| isa padya meM dhanuSa ke dvArA zara, zaroM ke dvArA zatruoM ke zira, ziroM ke dvArA pRthvI, pRthvI ke dvArA rAjA tathA rAjA ke dvArA yaza kI prApti varNita hai| (10/100) ____ mAlopamA-eka arthaalngkaar| jaba eka upameya ke aneka upamAna pradarzita kiye jAyeM to mAlopamA nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai-mAlopamA yadekasyopamAnaM bahu dRshyte| yathA-vArijeneva sarasI, zazineva nishiithinii|

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140 mitArtha: muktakam yauvaneneva vanitA, nayena shriirmnohraa|| isa padya meM upameyabhUta zrI ke tIna upamAna varNita haiN| isameM kahIM kahIM upameya aura upamAna donoM hI prastuta hote haiM, yathA--haMsazcandra ivAbhAti jalaM vyomatalaM ythaa| vimalA: kumudAnIva tArakAH shrdaagme|| ( 10/37) mitArthaH-dUta kA eka prkaar| jo bahuta kama, parantu arthapUrNa bole tathA kArya ko siddha kara de vaha mitArtha dUta hotA hai-mitArthabhASI kAryasya siddhakArI mitaarthkH| (3/60) mIlitam-eka arthaalngkaar| tulya lakSaNa vAlI kisI vastu se anya vastu ke chipa jAne para mIlita alaGkAra hotA hai-mIlitaM vastuno guptiH kencittulylkssmnnaa| aisI samAna lakSaNa vAlI vastu kabhI svAbhAvika hotI hai to kabhI bAhara se AI huii| yathA-lakSmIvakSojakastUrIlakSma vakSaHsthale hreH| grastaM nAlakSi bhAratyA bhAsA niilotplaabhyaa| yahA~ viSNu kI zyAma kAnti sahaja hai, ata: sarasvatI tulya lakSaNa vAlI lakSmI ke vakSa kI kastUrI ko nahIM pahacAna paayii| dUsare udAharaNa-sadaiva zoNopalakuNDalasya yasyAM myuukhairrunniikRtaani| kopoparaktAnyapi kAminInAM mukhAni zaGkA vidadhurna yuunaam|| yahA~ nAyikAoM ke mukha para kuNDaloM kI lAlimA bAhara se AyI huI hai ata: unake mukha ko kopa se aruNa hone para yuvaka pahacAna nahIM paaye| (10/115) muktakam-gadya kA eka prkaar| vRttagandhi ke atirikta gadya ke tInoM prakAra usameM samAsa kI sthiti ke AdhAra para kalpita kiye gaye haiN| inameM se muktaka sarvathA samAsarahita gadya kI saMjJA hai-AdyaM (muktakam) smaasrhitm| vaise saMskRta jaisI zliSTa bhASA meM sarvathA samAsarAhitya kI sambhAvanA atyalpa hI hai, isIlie a.pu. meM cUrNa, utkalikA aura vRttagandhi rUpa tIna hI prakAra kA gadya mAnA gayA hai| isakA udAharaNa AcArya vizvanAtha ne yaha diyA hai-gururvacasi pRthurursi| (6/310) ____ muktakam-artha kI dRSTi se nirapekSa pdy| koI padya yadi artha kI dRSTi se dUsare padya se sarvathA nirapekSa ho to vaha muktaka kahA jAtA hai-tena muktena muktakam (tenaikena ca muktkm)| a.pu. meM isake svarUpa ke viSaya

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mukham 141 mRtyuH meM kahA gayA hai ki--muktakaM zloka evaikazcamatkArakSamaH staam| isakA udAharaNa AcArya vizvanAtha ne yaha svaracita padya-sAndrAnandamanantamavyayamajaM yadyogino'pi kSaNaM, sAkSAtkartumupAsate pratimuhurdhyAnaikatAnA: prm| dhanyAstAM mathurApurIyuvatayastadbrahma yAH kautukAdAliGganti samAlapanti zatadhA karSanti cumbanti c|| diyA hai| (6/302) mukham-sandhi kA prathama bhed| jahA~ aneka arthoM tathA rasoM ko sambhAvita karane vAle bIja kI prArambha nAmaka kAryAvasthA se saMyukta hokara utpatti pradarzita kI jAtI hai vahA~ mukhanAmaka sandhi hotI hai| isakA udAharaNa ra.nA. kA prathamAGka hai| isake bAraha aGga haiM-upakSepa, parikara, parinyAsa, vilobhana, yukti, prApti, samAdhAna, vidhAna, paribhAvanA, udbheda, karaNa aura bhed| kucha AcAryoM kA yaha mata hai ki inameM se upakSepa, parikara, parinyAsa, yukti, udbheda aura samAdhAna mukhya haiN| anya sandhiyoM kA prayoga yathAsambhava kiyA jAnA caahie| (6/63) mugdhA-svakIyA nAyikA kA eka bhed| jisa nAyikA meM navIna yauvana kA saJcAra ho rahA ho, kAmadeva ke vikAra prakaTa ho rahe hoM, rati meM saGkocazIla ho, mAna meM cirasthAyI na ho tathA atyanta lajjA se yukta ho, vaha mugdhA kahalAtI hai| inameM se kisI eka guNa ke hone para bhI vaha mugdhA kahI jAtI hai-prathamAvatIrNayauvanamadanavikArA ratau vaamaa| kathitA mRduzca mAne samadhikalajjAvatI mugdhaa|| yathA-dRSTA dRSTimadho dadAti kurute nAlApamAbhASitA, zayyAyAM parivRtya tiSThati balAdAliGgitA vepte| niryAntISu sakhISu vAsabhavanAnnirgantumevehate, jAtA vAmatayaiva samprati mama prItyai navor3hA priyaa|| isa padya meM rati meM saGkocazIla mugdhA nAyikA kA varNana hai| (3/71) mUr3hatA-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) mUrchA-pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI dasavIM dshaa| viyoginI nAyikA kA saMjJAhIna ho jAnA mUrchA kahI jAtI hai| mRtiH- pravAsavipralambha meM kAma kI antima dshaa| mRti kA artha hai-mtyu| kAvya meM isakA varNana niSiddha hai| (3/211) mRtyu:-kAma kI antima dshaa| maraNa kA artha mRtyu hotA hai parantu

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mRdavam 142 maugdhyam kAvya meM isakA varNana varjita hai kyoMki isase rasa vicchinna ho jAtA hai rasAvicchedahetutvAnmaraNaM naiva vrnnyte| parantu mRtyutulya dazA kA varNana kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi mRtyu AkAMkSita ho to usakA varNana kara denA cAhie aura yadi mRtyu ke pazcAt punarjIvita honA ho to bhI usake varNana meM koI doSa nhiiN| (3/195, 98) mRdavam-eka viithyngg| jahA~ doSa guNa ho jAyeM athavA guNa doSa ho jAyeM vahA~ mRdava nAmaka vIthyaGga hotA hai-doSA guNA guNA doSA yatra syurmedavaM hi tt| yathA, priyajIvitatA krauryaM niHsnehatvaM kRtghntaa| bhUyastvadarzanAdeva mamaite guNatAM gtaaH|| yahA~ viyoga meM prANa na tyAgane ke kAraNa utpanna jIvanapriyatA Adi doSa priya ke punardarzana ho jAne ke kAraNa guNa ho gaye haiM tathA-tasyAstadrUpasaundaryaM bhUSitaM yovnshriyaa| sukhaikAyatanaM jAtaM du:khAyaiva mmaadhunaa|| isa padya meM rUpa saundaryAdiguNa viraha meM santApakArI hone se doSa ho gaye haiN| (6/275) ___moTTAyitam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| priya kI carcA hone para hRdaya ke anurAga se vyApta ho jAne, kAna khujAne Adi kI kriyAyeM moTTAyita kahI jAtI haiM-tadbhAvabhAvite citte vallabhasya kthaadissu| moTTAyitamiti prAhuH krnnknndduuynaadikm|| yathA-subhaga tvatkathArambhe krnnknndduutilaalsaa| ujjRmbhavadanAmbhojA bhinattyaGgAni saanggnaa|| (3/119) / mohaH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| bhaya, du:kha, Avega tathA cintA Adi ke kAraNa citta kA astavyasta ho jAnA moha hai| isameM mUrchA, ajJAna, patana, cakkara A jAnA tathA kucha dikhAI na denA Adi hotA hai-moho vicittatA bhiitidukhaavegaanucintnaiH| muurcchnaajnyaanptnbhrmnnaadrshnaadikRt|| yathA-tIvrAbhiSaGgaprabhaveNa vRttiM mohena sNstmbhytendriyaannaam| ajJAtabhartRvyasanA muhUrta kRtopakAreva rtirbbhuuv|| yahA~ duHkhajanya moha se rati kI mUrchA varNita hai| (3/156) maugdhyam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| jJAta vastu kA bhI anajAne . bhAva se priya se pUchanA maugdhya kahalAtA hai-ajJAnAdiva yA pRcchA pratItasyApi vstunH| vallabhasya puraH proktaM maugdhyaM tttttvvedibhiH| yathA-ke drumAste kva

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yatnaH 143 yamakam vA grAme santi kena prropitaaH| nAtha! matkaGkaNanyastaM yeSAM muktAphalaM phlm|| (3/126) yatna:-kArya kI dvitIya avsthaa| phala kI siddhi ke lie nAyakAdi kA atyanta tvarAyukta vyApAra kArya kI yatna nAmaka avasthA hai-prayatnastu phalAvAptau vyApAro'sti tvraanvitH| yathA ra.nA. meM "tathApi nAstyanyo darzanopAya iti yathA tathA''likhya yathAsamIhitaM kariSyAmi'' isa ukti ke dvArA ratnAvalI kA citralekhana athavA rAmacarita meM samudralaGghanAdi kI ghaTanAyeM kAryasiddhi ke lie kiye gaye atyanta tvarAyukta vyApAra haiN| (6/56) ___yathAsaGkhyam-eka arthaalngkaar| uddiSTa padArthoM kA punaH usI krama se kathana karanA yathAsaGkhya kahalAtA hai-yathAsaGkhyamanUddeza uddiSTAnAM krameNa yt| yathA-unmIlanti nakhai nIhi vahati kSaumAJcalenAvRNu, krIDAkAnanamAvizanti valayakvANaiH smuttraasy| itthaM vaJjuladakSiNAnilakuhUkaNTheSu sAGketikavyAhArAH subhaga tvadIyavirahe tasyAH sakhInAM mithH|| isa padya meM unmIlanti, vahati tathA Avizanti ina tIna kriyAoM ke sAtha kramazaH vaJjula, dakSiNAnila tathA kuhUkaNTha kA kartRtvena sambandha hai| (10/103) yamakam-eka shbdaalngkaar| artha hone para bhinna arthavAle svaravyaJjanasamUha kI usI krama meM AvRtti yamaka kahI jAtI hai-satyarthe pRthagarthAyAH svrvynyjnsNhteH| krameNa tenaivAvRttiryamakaM vinigdyte|| yahA~ AvRtta donoM pada kabhI to sArthaka hote haiM, kabhI nirarthaka aura kabhI unameM se eka sArthaka hotA hai| sA.da.kAra ne isake pAdAvRtti, padAvRtti, ardhAvRtti, zlokAvRtti Adi aneka bhedaprabhedoM kI ora saGketa kiyA hai parantu unakA vistAra se vivecana nahIM kiyA, jaisA ki daNDI Adi AcArya karate rahe haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jisa zloka ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai usameM padoM kI AvRtti huI hai-navapalAzapalAzavanaM puraH sphuttpraagpraagtpngkjm| mRdulatAntalatAntamalokayatsa surabhiM surabhiM sumnobhraiH|| yahA~ palAzapalAza' tathA 'surabhiM surabhiM' meM donoM pada sArthaka haiM parantu 'parAga parAga' meM dvitIya tathA 'latAntalatAnta' meM prathama pada nirarthaka hai| yamakAdi ke sandarbha meM 'Da-la', 'ba-va' tathA 'la-ra' Adi varNa paraspara abhinna samajhe jAte haiM, ata: 'bhujalatAM jaDatAmabalAjana:' Adi meM bhI yamakatva akSuNNa rahatA hai| (10/10)

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144 yAcyA ratiH yAJA-eka naattyaalngkaar| svayam athavA dUta ke mAdhyama se kucha mA~gane ko yAcyA kahate haiM-yAcyA tu kvApi yAcyA yA svayaM dUtamukhena vaa| yathA, aGgada ke mAdhyama se rAma kA rAvaNa se vaidehI ko mA~ganA-adyApi dehi vaidehIM dayAlustvayi raaghvH| zirobhiH kandukakrIDAM kiM kArayasi vaanraan|| (6/233) yukti:-mukhasandhi kA eka angg| arthoM kA nirdhAraNa yukti kahA jAtA hai-sampradhAraNamarthAnAM yuktiH / yathA ve.saM. meM sahadeva aura bhIma kA sNvaad| yahA~ bhIma ke "yuSmAnhepayati krodhAlloke shtrukulkssyH| na lajjayati dArANAM sabhAyAM keshkrssnnm|| isa kathana se aisA sUcita hotA hai ki jaise usane mAno apane kartavya kA nirdhAraNa kara liyA hai| (6/73) yuktiH -eka naattyaalngkaar| vastu ke nizcaya ko yukti kahate haiN-yuktiraavdhaarnnm| yathA ve.saM. ke isa padya meM yuddha meM pravRttirUpa artha kA nizcaya hai-yadi samaramapAsya nAsti mRtyorbhayamiti yuktamato'nyataH pryaatum| atha maraNamavazyameva jantoH kimiti mudhA malinaM yazaH kurudhvm|| (6/238) yugmakama-do zlokoM kA vaaky| do zlokoM meM yadi vAkyaparti ho to use yugmaka kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai-dvAbhyAM tu yugmkm|| (6/302) yuddhavIraH-vIrarasa kA eka prkaar| utsAhanAmaka sthAyIbhAva jahA~ zatru para vijaya kI icchA se pravRtta huA ho, vahA~ yuddhavIra rasa hotA hai| yathA-bho laGkezvara dIyatAM janakajA rAmaH svayaM yAcate, ko'yaM te mativibhramaH smara nayaM nAdyApi kinycidgtm| naivaM cetkharadUSaNatrizirasAM kaNThAsRjA paGkilaH, patrI naiva sahiSyate mama dhnuaabndhbndhuukRtH|| rAvaNa ke prati kahI gayI isa ukti meM rAvaNa Alambana, usakA mativibhrama, nIti ko bhUla jAnA, sItAharaNa Adi uddIpana, bANasandhAna Adi anubhAva tathA smRti, garva Adi vyabhicArIbhAvoM se yuddhavIra nAmaka rasa paripuSTa huA hai| ratiH-zRGgArarasa kA sthaayiibhaav| anukUla padArtha meM mana kA unmukha honA rati kahA jAtA hai| zRGgAra ke sthAyIbhAva ke rUpa meM yaha prema nAmaka vaha cittavRtti hai jisakA Alambana nAyaka athavA nAyikA hote haiM kyoMki

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razanopamA 145 yahI bhAva manuSyamAtra ke lie sarvAdhika kAmya hotA hai - ratirmano'nukUle'rthe manasaH prvnnaayitm| 'ratirdevAdiviSayA' Adi sthaloM meM rati zabda kA prayoga avazya huA hai parantu use lAkSaNika hI samajhanA cAhie / ( 3 / 186 ) rasaH > razanopamA eka arthAlaGkAra / jahA~ upameya ko uttarottara upamAna ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA jAye... kathitA razanopamA / yathordhvamupameyasya yadi syaadupmaantaa| yathA-candrAyate zuklarucApi haMso haMsAyate cArugatena kAntA / kAntAyate sparzasukhena vAri, vArIyate svacchatayA vihAyaH / / yahA~ prathama caraNa kA upameya haMsa dvitIya caraNa meM upamAna hai, dvitIya caraNa kA upameya kAntA tRtIya caraNa kA upamAna hai tathA tRtIya caraNa kA upameya vAri caturtha caraNa meM upamAna hai| ( 10/36) rasaH - kAvya kA Atmatattva / sahRdayoM ke hRdaya meM sthita ratyAdi sthAyIbhAva hI vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicArI ke dvArA vyakta hokara rasa kahe jAte haiM - vibhAvenAnubhAvena vyaktaH saJcAriNA tathA / rasatAmeti ratyAdiH sthAyIbhAvaH sacetasAm / / isa lakSaNavAkya meM sAttvikoM kA kathana nahIM kiyA gayA kyoMki ve vastuta: anubhAvarUpa hI hote haiN| aneka prAcIna AcArya gobalIvardanyAya se inakA pRthak ullekha kara diyA karate the| dUsare, ratyAdi sthAyIbhAva hI haiM tathApi sthAyIbhAva zabda kA punaH prayoga isalie kiyA gayA hai ki ye ratyAdi rasAntaroM meM prayukta hone para kabhI-kabhI vyabhicArIbhAva bhI bana jAte haiN| usa sthiti meM yadi ye kabhI pradhAna bhI ho jAyeMge to bhAva hI kahe jaayeNge| inakI rasa ke rUpa meM pariNati tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba ye citta kI sthAyI vRttiyA~ hoN| vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArI meM se eka athavA do ke upanibaddha hone para bhI kabhI-kabhI prakaraNAdi ke anusAra zeSa kA AkSepa ho jAtA hai, ataH rasAnubhUti bAdhita nahIM hotI - sadbhAvazcedvibhAvAderdvayorekasya vA bhavet / jhaTityanyasamAkSepe tadA doSo na vidyate / / lakSaNavAkya meM prayukta 'vyakta' pada kA abhiprAya hai- dadhi Adi ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita / dIpaka se ghaTAdi ke samAna rasoM kI abhivyakti nahIM hotI / locanakAra abhinavagupta ne isa tathya ko isa prakAra kahA hai ki- rasAH pratIyante iti tvodanaM pacatItivadvyavahAraH / jisa prakAra bhAvinI saMjJA kA AzrayaNa

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146 rasaH rasaH kara taNDula ko odana kaha dete haiM, usI prakAra sthAyIbhAva ko bhI upacAra se rasa kaha diyA jAtA hai| - yaha rasa akhaNDa, svaprakAzAnandacinmaya, vedyAntarasparzazUnya, brahmAsvAdasahodara tathA lokottaracamatkAraprANa hotA hai-sttvodrekaadkhnnddsvprkaashaanndcinmyH| vedyAntarasparzazUnyaH, brhmaasvaadshodrH| lokottaracamatkAraprANaH kaishcitprmaatRbhiH| svAkAravadabhinnatvenAyamAsvAdyate rsH|| vibhAvAdi aneka padArtha rasa ke antargata Ate haiN| prathama avasthA meM inakI bhinna-bhinna pratIti bhI hotI hai parantu ye kramazaH ekAkAra hokara rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM-vibhAvA anubhAvAzca sAttvikA vybhicaarinnH| pratIyamAnAH prathamaM khaNDazo yaantykhnnddtaam|| jisa prakAra prapAnaka meM khANDa, marica Adi milakara eka AsvAdAtmaka rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra vibhAvAdi kI pariNati rasa ke rUpa meM hotI hai| api ca, rasa yadyapi AtmasvarUpa hai tathApi jJAna meM pratibhAsita ratyAdi ke sAtha abhinna rUpa meM gRhIta hotA hai, ataH yaha vedAntasammata brahmatattva ke samAna akhaNDa hai| __rasa ratyAdijJAnasvarUpa hI hai, ataH jJAna jisa prakAra svaprakAza hotA hai, usI prakAra vedAnta kI saraNi meM rasa bhI svaprakAza hai| naiyAyika jJAna ko svaprakAza nahIM maante| vahA~ jJAnagrahaNa ke hetu ke rUpa meM anuvyavasAya' kI parikalpanA hai parantu aisA mAnane para anavasthA doSa Apatita hotA hai kyoMki anuvyavasAya ke jJAna ke lie punaH anuvyavasAya aura isa prakAra isakI eka ananta paramparA prArambha ho jAtI hai| jJAna aura Ananda abhinna hI haiN| isa prakAra rasa kA svarUpa svaprakAzAnandarUpa cit se abhinna siddha hotA hai| mayaT pratyaya svarUpArthaka hai| rasAsvAda ke samaya anya vedya viSaya kA sparza taka nahIM hotA, ataeva yaha Ananda brahmAsvAda ke samAna hotA hai| brahmAsvAda se yahA~ savitarka samAdhi kA grahaNa hotA hai kyoMki savitarka samAdhi meM jisa prakAra Ananda, asmitA Adi Alambana rahate haiM, rasAsvAda meM vibhAvAdi Alambana rahate haiN| nirvitarka samAdhi to hara prakAra ke vikalpa se zUnya hotI hai| rasa kA prANatattva alaukika camatkAra hai| camatkAra se abhiprAya citta

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rasaH 147 rasaH kI vaha vistArAtmikA vRtti hai jise vismaya rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| camatkAra kA sArarUpa hone ke kAraNa sarvatra adbhuta rasa hI pratIta hotA hai, ataeva nArAyaNa paNDita adbhuta ko hI ekamAtra rasa mAnate haiM-rase sArazcamatkAra: srvtraapynubhuuyte| taccamatkArasAratve sarvatrApyadbhuto rsH| tasmAdadbhutamevAha kRtI nArAyaNo rsH| isa prakAra ke AsvAdanAtmaka rasa kA anubhava kucha sahRdaya pramAtA hI kara pAte haiM jo prAktana vAsanA se yukta hote haiM-puNyavantaH pramiNvanti yogivdrssnttim| mahAkaviyoM ke dvArA nibaddha alaukika kAvyArtha kA parizIlana karake unake anta:karaNa meM rajas aura tamas ko dabAkara sattvaguNa kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke anta:karaNa vAlA vyakti hI laukika rAgadveSa se mukta hokara alaukika Ananda kA anubhava karane meM samartha hotA hai| AtmA se bhinna hone para bhI jaise zarIrAdi kA usase abhinna rUpa meM bodha hotA hai usI prakAra rasa yadyapi AsvAdarUpa hI hai tathApi rasa:svAdyate' Adi prayogoM meM rasa ko bhinna kalpita karake mAnA huA samajhanA cAhie athavA inheM karmakartA kA prayoga samajhA jAnA cAhie arthAt isa prakAra ke vAkya meM rasa hI kartA aura karma donoM hI hai, tdythaa-rs:svymevaasvaadyte| isI bAta ko kahane ke lie kArikA meM 'svAkAravadabhinna' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| rasa kA svarUpa ekAnta Anandamaya hai, isakA sabase bar3A pramANa sahRdayoM kA anubhava hai| karuNa, bIbhatsa aura bhayAnaka Adi du:khAtmaka hote to kisI sahRdaya kI pravRtti unameM na hotii| koI bhI sacetana vyakti du:kha kI ora unmukha nahIM hotaa| aura phira rAmAyaNa Adi ko karuNa rasa pradhAna kAvya mAnA jAtA hai| yadi karuNa rasa duHkhAtmaka ho to ye bhI du:kha ke kAraNa ho jaayeNge| vanavAsAdi loka meM du:kha ke kAraNa kahe jAte haiM parantu kAvya meM varNita hokara ye alaukika saMjJA 'vibhAva' ko prApta karate haiN| du:kha ke kAraNoM se du:kha kA utpanna honA loka kA hI niyama hai, alaukika kAvya meM to sabhI vibhAvAdikoM se usI prakAra sukha hI utpanna hotA hai, jaise surata

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rasaH 148 rasaH meM dantAghAta, nakhakSata Adi Ananda ke kAraNa hote haiN| harizcandra Adi ke karuNa varNanoM ko par3hakara athavA dekhakara citta druta ho jAtA hai, ataeva azrupAtAdi bhI dekhe jAte haiN| citta kA yaha drutibhAva kevala du:kha hI nahIM, Ananda ke udreka meM bhI hotA hai| jo isa janma tathA pUrvajanma kI vAsanA se yukta hote haiM, ve hI rasa kA AsvAda kara pAte haiM-savAsanAnAM sabhyAnAM rasasyAsvAdanaM bhvet| nirvAsanAstu raGgAntaH kaasstthkuddyaashmsNnibhaaH|| rasa sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM sthAyI rUpa se sthita bhAva kI abhivyakti hai, ataH ise anukArya (rAmAdi) gata athavA anukartR (naTAdi) gata nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| rasa ko anukAryagata na mAnane ke tIna kAraNa haiM-(1) sItAdi ke darzana se utpanna hone vAlI rAmAdi kI rati kevala unhIM meM ubuddha hone ke kAraNa parimita hotI hai jabaki rasa aneka sahRdayoM ke dvArA eka hI samaya meM samAna rUpa se anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| (2) rAmAdiniSTha rati laukika hotI hai jabaki rasa alaukika hai| (3) rAmAdigata rati nATyAdi meM pradarzana ke yogya nahIM hotI kyoMki anyagata rati sahRdayoM ke dvArA sarvathA arasya hotI hai jabaki rasa meM to usakA anubhava hI kiyA jAtA hai-pArimityAllaukikatvAtsAntarAyatayA tathA anukAryasya ratyAderudbodho na raso bhvet|| anukartA naTAdi to abhinaya kI zikSA tathA abhyAsAdi ke kAraNa rAmAdi ke rUpa kA abhinayamAtra karatA hai, ataH usameM to rasa kI sthiti nahIM hI ho sktii| hA~, kAvyArtha kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa sahRdayoM ke madhya usakI gaNanA avazya ho sakatI hai-zikSAbhyAsAdimAtreNa rAghavAde: sruuptaam| darzayannatako naiva rasasyAsvAdako bhvet| kAvyArthabhAvanenAyamapi sbhypdaaspdm| __alaukika vibhAvAdi se utpanna hone vAlA yaha rasa bhI alaukika hI hai kyoMki na to yaha jJApya hai, na kaary| na nitya hai, na bhAvI athavA vrtmaan| na nirvikalpa jJAna kA viSaya hai na sviklpsNvedy| rasa kA jJAna na parokSa hai, na aprokss| rasa jJApya nahIM hai kyoMki ghaTAdi jJApya padArtha kabhI-kabhI vidyamAna hote hue bhI AvRta Adi hone ke kAraNa pratIti kA viSaya nahIM banate jabaki rasa kI sattA hI usake anubhavagamya hone meM hai|

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rasanA 149 rasavat rasa meM kAryatva bhI upapanna nahIM hotA kyoMki ise kArya mAnane para vibhAvAdi hI isake kAraNa ho sakate haiM parantu una para kAraNa kA kAryapUrvavartitvarUpa lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM hotA / vibhAvAdi kA jJAna rasAnubhUti ke yugapat hI hotA hai / vAstava meM rasa kI pratIti vibhAvAdisamUhAlambanAtmaka rUpa meM hI hotI hai| ataH na to vibhAvAdi meM kAraNatva niSpanna hotA hai, na rasa meM kAryatva / vibhAvAdi ke jJAna se pUrva rasa kA saMvedana hI nahIM hotA, ataH usa sthiti meM rasa kI sattA hI nahIM hotii| isa prakAra AtmAdi ke samAna vaha nitya nahIM hai| rasa bhAvI nahIM hai kyoMki varttamAna meM usakI sAkSAt AnandAtmaka anubhUti hotI hai tathA varttamAna bhI nahIM hai kyoMki varttamAna padArtha yA to kAryarUpa ho sakate haiM athavA jJApya / nirvikalpaka jJAna meM kisI sambandha kA bhAna nahIM hotA tathA yaha niSprakAraka hotA hai parantu rasa vibhAvAdi se sAkSAt sambaddha bhI hai tathA AnandamayatA isakA eka viziSTa prakAra bhI hai, ataH yaha nirvikalpaka jJAna kA viSaya nahIM banatA parantu savikalpa jJAna ke viSayabhUta ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM ke samAna isameM zabdavAcyatva bhI nahIM hai punarapi vaha kAvyagata zabdoM se utpanna hotA hI hai, ataH aparokSa ( jo parokSa se bhI para hai) bhI nahIM hai parantu usakA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, ataH vaha parokSa bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra yaha samasta laukika padArthoM se sarvathA vilakSaNa koI anirvacanIya hI tattva hai| isake astitva meM pramANa sahRdayoM kI carvaNA hI hai - pramANaM carvaNaivAtra / (3/1-31) rasanA - kucha AcAryoM dvArA mAnya eka vRtti / kucha AcArya rasa kI abhivyakti ke lie rasanA nAma kI eka pA~cavIM vRtti ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM- rasavyaktau punarvRttiM rasanAkhyAM pare viduH / rasavat - eka arthAlaGkAra / rasa jaba kisI anya kA aGga banakara upasthita ho to rasavat alaGkAra hotA hai| yathA - ayaM sa rasanotkarSI piinstnvimrdnH| nAbhyUrujaghanasparzI nIvIvipraMsanaH krH|| isa padya meM zRGgAra rasa karuNa kA aGga hai, ataH rasavat alaGkAra hai| rasavadAdi ko alaGkAra mAnA jAye yA nahIM, isa sambandha meM AcArya vizvanAtha ne pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM tIna alaga-alaga siddhAntoM ko mAnane vAle AcAryoM kA mata uddhRta kiyA hai-- (1) kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki alaGkAra

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_150 rasavirodhaH rasavirodhaH vahI hote haiM jo zabdArtha kI zobhA bar3hAte hue rasAdi kA upakAra karate haiM parantu rasabhAvAdi to zabdArtha ke upakArya haiM, ataH una para to alaGkAra kA lakSaNa hI ghaTita nahIM hotaa| (2) aGgabhUta rasAdi bhI pradhAna rasAdi ke upakAraka hote hI haiM, hA~ zabdArtha kA upakAra ve avazya nahIM kara paate| ataH prAcIna AcAryoM ke dvArA mAnya hone ke kAraNa unheM alaGkAra avazya mAnanA caahie| ataH inake sambandha meM alaGkAra pada ke prayoga ko lAkSaNika mAnA jA sakatA hai| (3) AcAryoM kA eka varga kevala rasAdi kA upakAra karane vAle tattvoM ko hI alaGkAra mAnatA hai, ataH pradhAna rUpa se to rasavadAdika hI alaGkAra haiN| rUpakAdi to arthAdi ke upakAraka hote haiM aura unake mAdhyama se paramparayA rasa kA bhI upakAra karate haiN| isalie rUpakAdi to ajAgalastananyAya se hI alaGkAra haiN| inameM hI alaGkAra pada kA prayoga lAkSaNika hai| isake anantara AcArya vizvanAtha ne prAmANika AcAryoM ke mata ke rUpa meM apanI ora se nirNaya prastuta kiyA hai| ye rasavadAdi apane vyaJjaka zabdArthoM se upakRta hokara pradhAna rasa ke vyaJjaka zabdArthoM ke dvArA hI usakA upakAra karate haiN| yadi kevala rasAdi kA upakAra karane ke kAraNa alaGkAratva mAneM to zabdArtha meM bhI alaGkAratva upasthita ho jaayegaa| isase una AcAryoM kA mata bhI nirasta ho jAtA hai jo rasAdi kI pradhAnatA meM rasavadAdi alaGkAra mAnate haiM tathA unakI apradhAnatA meM udAtta alaGkAra kyoMki vastusthiti yaha hai ki rasAdi kI pradhAnatA meM rasAdidhvani tathA unakI apradhAnatA meM rasavadAdi alaGkAra hote haiN| udAtta kA to phira viSaya hI nahIM bctaa| (10/124) rasavirodhaH-rasoM kA paraspara virodh| virodhI rasa ke vibhAvAnubhAvAdikoM kA varNana karanA rasa sambandhI doSa mAnA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se vibhinna rasoM ke virodhI rasa isa prakAra haiMzRGgAra karuNa, bIbhatsa, raudra, vIra, bhyaank| hAsya bhayAnaka, krunn| karuNa - hAsya, shRnggaar| hAsya, zRGgAra, bhyaank| audra

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rasAbhAsaH shRnggaar| rasAdiH 151 vIra bhayAnaka, shaant| bhayAnaka - zRGgAra, vIra, raudra, hAsya, shaant| zAnta - vIra, zRGgAra, raudra, hAsya, bhyaank| bIbhatsa - parantu virodhI rasoM ke saJcArIbhAvoM kA yadi bAdhya ke rUpa meM varNana kara diyA jAye athavA virodhI rasa kA smaraNa ke rUpa meM yA sAmya pratipAdana ke lie kathana kiyA jAye to bhI yaha doSa nahIM hotaa| ina virodhI rasoM meM kisI eka ko dUsare kA aGga banA dene para bhI vaha doSa nahIM hotaa| (3/236) rasAdiH-rasAdi meM rasa, bhAva, rasAbhAsa, bhAvAbhAsa, bhAvodaya, bhAvasandhi, bhAvazabalatA tathA bhAvazAnti ina ATha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| AsvAdanIyatA rUpa samAna dharma ke kAraNa ye sabhI rasa kahe jAte haiM tathA kAvyAtmapada para pratiSThita haiM- rasabhAvau tadAbhAsau bhAvasya prshmodyau| sandhiH zabalatA ceti sarve'pi rsnaadrsaaH|| (3/238) rasAntaram-nAyikA kA mAnabhaGga karane kA eka upaay| ghabarAhaTa, bhaya, harSAdi ke kAraNa svataH hI mAna bhaGga ho jAnA rasAntara kahalAtA hai-rabhasatrAsaharSAdeH kopabhraMzo rsaantrm| (3/209) rasAmAsaH-anaucityapravRtta rs| rasa yadi anaucitya se pravRtta huA ho to use rasAbhAsa kahate haiM-anaucityapravRttasya AbhAso rsbhaavyoH| anaucitya se yahA~ abhiprAya hai-bharatAdi ke dvArA prokta rasabhAva ke lakSaNoM kA pUrNarUpa se pravRtta na honA arthAt vibhAvAdi kI nyUnatA ke kAraNa yadi ve rasa ke eka aMza se hI sambandhita hoN| udAharaNArtha nAyaka ke atirikta kisI anya meM yadi nAyikA kA anurAga ho, muni athavA gurupatnI meM kisI puruSa kA rAga ho, aneka puruSoM meM yadi nAyikA anurakta ho, pratinAyaka meM anurakta ho athavA kisI nIca pAtra meM nAyikA kI rati varNita ho to yaha zRGgAra meM anaucitya hotA hai| kopa kA Alambana yadi guru Adi hoM to raudra rasa meM anaucitya hotA hai| nIcapuruSa meM sthita hone para zAnta meM, guru Adi yadi Alambana hoM to hAsya meM, brAhmaNavadha Adi duSTa karma meM athavA nIca pAtra meM utsAha hone para vIrarasa meM tathA bhaya ke uttama pAtra meM sthita hone para

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rAsakam 152 rItiH bhayAnaka meM rasAbhAsa hotA hai| yathA-svAmI mugdhataro vanaM ghanamidaM bAlA'hamekAkinI, kSoNImAvRNute tamAlamalinacchAyAtamaH sNhtiH| tanme sundara! muJca kRSNa! sahasA varmeti gopyA giraH, zrutvA tAM parirabhya manmathakalAsakto hariH pAtu vH|| isa padya meM upanAyakaviSayA rati hone ke kAraNa rasAbhAsa hai| (3/241, 42) rAsakam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| yaha ekAGkI racanA hai jisameM mukha aura nirvahaNa sandhiyoM kA prayoga hotA hai| kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra yahA~ pratimukha sandhi kA bhI prayoga honA caahie| isameM kula pA~ca pAtra hote haiM, aneka bhASAvibhASAoM kA prayoga hotA hai, bhAratI aura kaizikI vRttiyA~ hotI haiM, sabhI vIthyaGgoM aura kalAoM se yukta hotA hai, sUtradhAra kA prayoga nahIM hotA tathA nAndI zliSTa hotI hai| isameM nAyikA prasiddha tathA nAyaka mUrkha hotA hai tathA yaha uttarottara udAtta bhAvoM ke vinyAsa se yukta hotA hai-rAsakaM paJcapAtraM syaanmukhnirvhnnaanvitm| bhASAvibhASAbhUyiSThaM bhaartiikaishikiiyutm| asUtradhAramekAGkaM sviithyngkklaanvitm| zliSTanAndIyutaM khyAtanAyikaM muurkhnaaykm| udAttabhAvavinyAsasaMzritaM cottrottrm| iha pratimukhaM sandhimapi kecitprcksste|| isakA udAharaNa menakAhitam hai| (6/291) rItiH-kAvya kA eka tttv| kAvya ke aGgasaMsthAna ke samAna padoM kA saGgaThana rIti hai| yaha rasAdi kA upakAra karatI haI kAvya meM utkarSa kA AdhAna karatI hai-padasaGghaTanA riitirnggsNsthaavishessvt| upakI rsaadiinaam| rasAdi kA yaha upakAra unakI prakRti ke anukUla vargoM ke prayoga se ho sakatA hai parantu kabhI-kabhI vaktA, artha, nATaka, AkhyAyikAdi racanAbheda se isa vyavasthA meM vyatikrama bhI ho sakatA hai| yathA--bhImasenAdi uddhata pAtra harSa kI mana:sthiti meM bhI ojaHpUrNa padoM kA prayoga karate haiN| nATakAdi meM raudrarasa kA prasaGga hone para bhI tadanurUpa dIrghasamAsA racanA ko abhinaya ke pratikUla hone ke kAraNa prayukta nahIM kiyA jaataa| AkhyAyikAdi meM nAyaka kathA kA pravaktA hotA hai, ataH zRGgArAdi ke prasaGgoM meM bhI komalabandha kama hI likhe jAte haiN| isI prakAra kathA meM vaktA koI anya hotA hai, ataH raudrAdi rasoM meM uddhata racanA nahIM kI jaatii| ityaadi|

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rUr3hilakSaNA 153 rUr3hilakSaNA rIti cAra prakAra kI hai - vaidarbhI, gauDI, pAJcAlI aura lATI / eka prasiddha padya meM inakA svarUpa isa prakAra nirUpita kiyA gayA hai - gauDI DambarabaddhA syAdvaidarbhI lalitakramA / pAJcAlI mizrabhAvena, lATI tu mRdubhiH pdaiH|| (9/1, 2) rUr3hilakSaNA - lakSaNA kA eka bheda / rUr3hi kA artha hai - prasiddhi / jahA~ rUr3hi arthAt lokaprasiddhi ke kAraNa mukhyArtha kA bAdha hokara usase sambaddha anya artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAye vahA~ rUr3hilakSaNA hogii| isakA udAharaNa 'kaliGgaH sAhasika : ' hai / isa vAkya meM kaliGga zabda kA dezavizeSa rUpa svArtha meM anvaya sambhava na ho pAne ke kAraNa usase sambaddha svasaMyukta puruSa ke rUpa meM arthabodha ho rahA hai, ataH isakA artha huA - kaliGgavAstavyAH puruSA: sAhasikAH / mammaTa ne rUr3hilakSaNA kA udAharaNa 'karmaNi kuzala : ' diyA hai| 'kuzA~llAtIti' isa vyutpatti se kuzagrAhirUpa mukhyArtha kA prakRta sthala meM anvaya na ho pAne ke kAraNa vaha vivecakatvAdisAdharmyasambandha se apane sambandhI 'dakSa' isa artha kA lakSaNA se bodha karAtA hai parantu vizvanAthAdi AcAryoM kA mata hai ki kuzagrAhirUpa artha ke hI vyutpattilabhya hone para bhI yahA~ mukhyArtha 'dakSa' hI hai| zabda kA vyutpattilabhya aura pravRttilabhya artha alaga-alaga hI hotA hai / prakRta sthala meM kuzagrAhirUpa artha vyutpattilabhya hai tathA dakSa rUpa artha pravRttilabhya hai| ye donoM hI artha mukhya haiN| kevala vyutpattilabhya artha ko hI yadi mukhyArtha mAneM to 'gauH zete' meM bhI lakSaNA ho jAyegI kyoMki 'gamerDo' isa uNAdi sUtra se gam se Do pratyaya hokara go zabda niSpanna huA hai jo gamanazIla pazuvizeSa ke artha meM hI prayukta ho sakatA hai ataeva zayanakAla meM use go nahIM kahA jA sakatA parantu sAsnAdimAn pazuvizeSa go kA pravRttilabhya artha hai aura yahI mukhyArtha bhI hai| rUr3hilakSaNA ke do bheda lakSaNalakSaNA aura upAdAnalakSaNA haiM jo sAropA aura sAdhyavasAnA ke bheda se do-do prakAra ke hokara cAra ho jAte haiN| ye cAroM bheda zuddha aura gauNI ke rUpa meM do-do prakAra ke hone ke kAraNa ATha ho jAte haiM tathA ye AThoM bheda padagata aura vAkyagata ke rUpa meM do-do prakAra ke hone ke kAraNa rUr3hi lakSaNA ke kula solaha bheda banate haiN|

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romAJcaH rUpakam 154 rUpakam-eka arthaalngkaar| niSedharahita viSaya (upameya) para rUpita (upamAna) kA Aropa rUpaka kahA jAtA hai-rUpakaM rUpitAropo viSaye nirphnve| yathA-Ahave jgduddnnddraajmnnddlraahve| zrInRsiMhamahIpAla svastyastu tava baahve|| isa padya meM rAjamaNDala para candramaNDala kA tathA bAhu para rAhu kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| lakSaNavAkya meM rUpita' pada ke prayoga se isakA pariNAma se tathA 'nirapahnava' pada ke prayoga se apahRti se vyavaccheda pratipAdita hotA hai| cAra prakAra kA paramparita, do prakAra kA sAGga tathA do prakAra kA niraGgarUpaka milAkara isake kula ATha bheda niSpanna hote haiN| (10/41) rUpakam-kAvya kA eka bhed| anubhUti ke aindriya mAdhyama kI dRSTi se kAvya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM-dRzya aura zravya-dRzyazravyatvabhedena punaH kAvyaM dvidhA mtm| inameM se dRzya kAvya ko rUpaka kI saMjJA dI gayI hai kyoMki sahRdaya isakA Ananda raGgamaJca para cakSurindriya ke saMnikarSa se prApta karatA hai| yahA~ abhinaya ke dvArA naTa varNita rAmAdi ke caritra ko apane meM Aropita kara usakA pradarzana karatA hai, ataH AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra rUpa kA Aropa hone ke kAraNa hI ise rUpaka kahA jAtA hai-rUpAropAttu ruupkm| da.rU. meM bhI rUpaka kA lakSaNa isI prakAra se kiyA gayA hai-rUpakaM ttsmaaropaat| rAmacandraguNacandra ke anusAra inakI rUpaka saMjJA rUpita athavA abhinIta hone ke kAraNa hai-rUpyante'bhinIyanta iti rUpakANi naattkaadiini| isake daza bhedoM kA ullekha sA.da. meM eka kArikA meM kiyA gayA hai-nATakamatha prakaraNaM bhaannvyaayogsmvkaarddimaaH| IhAmRgAGkavIthyaH prahasanamiti rUpakANi dsh|| (6/1, 2, 4) rUpam-garbha sandhi kA eka angg| vizeSa tarkayukta vacana ko rUpa kahate haiM-rUpaM vAkyaM vitrkvt| isakA udAharaNa ra.nA. meM rAjA kI yaha ukti hai-manaH prakRtyaiva calaM, durlakSyaM ca tathApi me| kAmenaitatkathaM viddhaM samaM sarvaiH shiliimukhaiH|| (6/98) romAJcaH-eka sAttvika anubhaav| harSa, vismaya, bhaya Adi ke kAraNa rauMgaTe khar3e ho jAne ko romAJca kahate haiM-harSAdbhutabhayAdibhyo romAJco romvikriyaa| (3/146)

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raudraH 155 lakSaNam hokara raudra::- eka rasa / krodha nAmaka sthAyIbhAva jaba vibhAvAdi se puSTa anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai to raudra nAmaka rasa hotA hai| isakA Alambana zatru tathA uddIpana usakI ceSTAyeM hotI hai| muSTiprahAra, miTAnA, burI taraha kATane, phAr3ane, yuddha karane ke lie har3abar3I Adi se yaha acchI prakAra pradIpta hotA hai / bhrukuTibhaGga, oSTha kATanA, bhujA phar3akanA, tarjanA karanA, apane pUrva kAryoM kI prazaMsA karanA, zastra ghumAnA, ugratA, Avega, romAJca, pasInA AnA, kampana, mada isake anubhAva haiM tathA AkSepa, krUra dRSTi se dekhanA, moha, amarSa Adi isake vyabhicArIbhAva hote haiN| yathA- kRtamanugataM dRSTaM vA yairidaM gurupAtakaM manujapazubhirnirmaryyAdairbhavadbhirudAyudhaiH / narakaripuNA sArddhaM teSAM sabhImakirITinAmayamahamasRGmedomAMsaiH karomi dizAM balim / yahA~ droNavadha kI bAta sunakara kruddha azvatthAmA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM apakArI arjuna Adi Alambana, pitRvadha, zastra udyata karanA Adi uddIpana, pratijJA anubhAva tathA garvanAmaka vyabhicArIbhAva se puSTa hokara krodha nAmaka sthAyIbhAva raudra ke rUpa meM abhivyakta huA hai / yuddhavIra se isameM antara yaha hai ki raudra meM mukha aura netra krodha se lAla ho jAte haiM, vIrarasa kA sthAyIbhAva utsAha hai - raktAsyanetratA cAtra bhedinI yuddhavIrataH / (3/226, 27) lakSaka:- zabda kA eka prkaar| lakSaNA zakti jisakA vyApAra hai, usa zabda ko lakSaka kahA jAtA hai| yaha lakSyArtha kA bodha karAtA hai| (2/26) lakSaNam-kAvya meM alaGkAra kI asphuTa sthiti / nA.zA. ke TIkAkAra AcArya abhinavagupta ne saundaryavizleSaNa ke tIna srotoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - guNa, alaGkAra aura lakSaNa / prathama do para hI bAda meM adhika dhyAna diyA gayA, lakSaNa utane prasiddha nahIM ho ske| daNDI ko ye alaGkAra ke rUpa meM hI iSTa the- yacca sandhyaGgavRttyaGgalakSaNAnyAgamAntare / vyAvarNitamidaM ceSTamalaGkAratayaiva nH|| dhanika ke anusAra inakA parigaNana alaGkAroM aura bhAvoM meM hone lagA thaa| uttaravartI kAla meM nATya ke sandarbha meM to kahIM-kahIM unakA vivecana mila jAtA hai parantu kAvyazAstra ke aGga ke rUpa meM kevala ca. A. ke lekhaka jayadeva ne hI unakA ullekha kiyA hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi

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156 lakSaNalakSaNA lakSaNalakSaNA se abhinavagupta ne inakI tulanA sAmudrika zAstra ke lakSaNoM ke sAtha kI hai jo zarIra kA apRthaksiddha dharma hai, jinakA sambandha kavivyApAra se hai| lakSaNa ko alaMbhAva kI pUrvAvasthA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai jahA~ alaGkAratva sphuTa nahIM ho paataa| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttaravartI kAla meM inhIM ke yoga se aneka navIna alaGkAroM kI kalpanA kI jAtI rahI hai| ___lakSaNoM kI kula saMkhyA to chattIsa hI hai parantu inake nAmoM kI do paramparAyeM milatI haiN| inameM se eka upajAti vRtta meM hai jo AcArya abhinavagupta ko apanI guruparamparA se prApta huI thI tathA dUsarI anuSTup chanda meM hai| abhinavagupta isase bhI paricita the jise nA.zA. ke kAzI saMskaraNa meM apanAyA gayA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha dvArA nirUpita chattIsa lakSaNa bhI isI paramparA ke anusAra haiM-bhUSaNa, akSarasaMhati, zobhA, udAharaNa, hetu, saMzaya, dRSTAnta, tulyatarka, padoccaya, nidarzanA, abhiprAya, prApti, vicAra, diSTa, upadiSTa, guNAtipAta, atizaya, vizeSaNa, nirukti, siddhi, bhraMza, viparyaya, dAkSiNya, anunaya, mAlA, arthApatti, garhaNA, pRcchA, prasiddhi, sArUpya, saMkSepa, guNakIrtana, leza, manoratha, anuktasiddhi aura priyvcn| (6/170) lakSaNalakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bhed| isI kA eka nAma jahatsvArthA bhI hai arthAt jahA~ pada apane artha kA parityAga kara detA hai| ataH anya artha kA upalakSaNamAtra hone ke kAraNa hI isakI yaha saMjJA anvarthikA hai| vAkyArtha meM mukhyArtha se bhinna artha kI anvayasiddhi ke lie zabda kA apane svarUpa ko samarpita kara denA lakSaNalakSaNA hai-arpaNaM svasya vAkyArthe prsyaanvysiddhye| upalakSaNahetutvAdeSA lkssnnlkssnnaa| rUr3hi aura prayojanavatI lakSaNalakSaNA ke udAharaNa kramazaH kaliGgaH sAhasikaH' aura 'gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' haiN| yahA~ kaliGga aura gaGgA zabda puruSa aura taTarUpa arthoM kI siddhi ke lie svayaM ko samarpita kara dete haiN| upakRtaM bahu tatra0 Adi prasiddha padya bhI lakSaNalakSaNA kA udAharaNa hai| isameM apakArAdi arthoM kI anvayasiddhi ke lie upakArAdi zabda apane svarUpa ko samarpita kara dete haiN| apakAriyoM ke prati upakArAdi kA pratipAdana hone ke kAraNa mukhyArthabAdha spaSTa hai tathA lakSyArtha ke sAtha vaha vaiparItya sambandha se jur3A hai| isakA prayojana apakArAtizaya ko vyakta karanA hai| (2/11)

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lakSaNA 157 lakSaNA lakSaNA - zabda kI eka zakti / abhidhA ke dvArA pratIyamAna mukhyArtha kA bAdha hone para rUr3hi athavA prayojana ke kAraNa usase sambaddha anya artha jisake dvArA pratIta hotA hai, vaha kalpita zakti lakSaNA kahI jAtI hai - mukhyArthabAdhe tadyukto yayA'nyo'rthaH pratIyate / rUr3heH prayojanAdvAsau lakSaNA zaktirarpitA / / isa prakAra lakSaNA kA sarvaprathama tattva mukhyArtha kA bAdha hai| yaha bAdha padArtha kA vAkyArtha meM anvaya na ho sakane ke kAraNa hotA hai jabaki navIna AcArya anvayAnupapatti ke sthAna para tAtparyAnupapatti ko lakSaNA kA bIja mAnate haiM kyoMki unake anusAra 'kAkebhyo dadhi rakSyatAm' ityAdi vAkyoM meM anvaya sambandhI koI anupapatti nahIM hai balki vaktA kA tAtparya upapanna nahIM ho pAtA parantu bAdhita ho jAne para bhI mukhyArtha lakSyArtha ke sAtha sambaddha avazya rahatA hai anyathA 'gaGgAyAM ghoSa:' ityAdi vAkyoM meM gaGgA pada se usase nitAnta asambaddha yamunAtaTa kA bhI bodha hone lgegaa| isa prakAra lakSaNA arpita arthAt kalpita athavA asvAbhAvika zakti hai, abhidhA kI taraha IzvarodbhAvita nahIM / isa mukhyArthabAdha ke do hetu haiM- rUr3hi arthAt prasiddhi athavA vaktA kA koI viziSTa pryojn| yahI do lakSaNA ke mukhya bheda haiN| rUr3hi aura prayojana ye donoM lakSaNalakSaNA aura upAdAnalakSaNA ke rUpa meM do-do prakAra ke hote haiN| isa prakAra lakSaNA ke cAra bheda hue / ina cAroM ke sAropA aura sAdhyavasAnA ke rUpa meM do-do bheda hokara ATha tathA unake bhI zuddhA aura gauNI ke bheda se do-do prakAra hokara solaha bheda hote haiN| inameM se ATha bheda rUr3hilakSaNA tathA ATha prayojanavatI lakSaNA ke hue| prayojanavatI lakSaNA ke ATha bhedoM meM se pratyeka ke gUr3ha prayojana aura agUr3ha prayojana ke rUpa meM do-do bheda hokara solaha tathA una solaha bhedoM ke bhI phala ke dharmIgata athavA dharmagata hone ke kAraNa do-do bheda aura hokara kula battIsa bheda banate haiN| isa prakAra rUr3hilakSaNA ke ATha tathA prayojanavatI lakSaNA ke battIsa bheda milakara kula cAlIsa bheda hue jo pada athavA vAkya meM rahane ke kAraNa do-do prakAra ke hote hai, ataH kula milAkara lakSaNA ke assI bheda banate haiN| (2/9-18)

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lakSaNAmUlAvyaJjanA 158 lATAnuprAsaH lakSaNAmUlAvyaJjanA - zAbdIvyaJjanA kA eka bhed| jisake lie lakSaNA kA AzrayaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha prayojana jisa zakti ke dvArA pratIta hotA hai, vaha zakti lakSaNAzrayA vyaJjanA kahI jAtI hai - lakSaNopAsyate yasya kRte tattu prayojanam / yathA pratyAyyate sA syAdvyaJjanA lakSaNAzrayA / / yathA, 'gaGgAyAM ghoSa:' isa sthala para abhidhAvRtti jalapravAharUpa artha kA bodha karavAkara tathA lakSaNA sAmIpyasambandha se taTarUpa artha kA bodha karAkara virata ho jAtI hai| isa prayojanavatI lakSaNA ke zaityapAvanatvAdi ke atizaya kA bodha lakSaNA se sambhava nahIM kyoMki ' zabdabuddhikarmaNAM viramya vyApArAbhAvaH ' / ataH isa prayojana kA bodha lakSaNAmUlA vyaJjanA se hotA hai| (2/22) lakSyaH-artha kA eka prkaar| lakSaNA zakti se bodhita artha ko lakSyArtha kahate haiM-lakSyo lakSaNayA mataH / yaha artha mukhyArtha ke bAdhita hone para pratIta hotA hai| (2/6) lalitam - nAyaka kA sAttvika guNa / vANI aura veSa kI madhuratA tathA usI ke anusAra zRGgArapUrNa ceSTAyeM lalita nAmaka guNa hai- vAgveSayormadhuratA tadvacchRGgAraceSTitaM lalitam / (3/67) lalitam - nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / aGgoM kA sukumAratA se rakhanA lalita kahalAtA hai - sukumAratayAGgAnAM vinyAso lalitaM bhavet / yathA - gurutarakalanUpurAnunAdaM salalitanartitavAmapAdapadmA / itaradanatilolamAdadhAnA padamatha manmathamantharaM jagAma / / (3/122) lATAnuprAsaH - anuprAsa kA eka bheda / kevala tAtparyamAtra meM bheda hone para zabda aura artha kI AvRtti ko lATAnuprAsa kahate haiM-zabdArthayo: paunaruktyaM bhede taatprymaatrtH| lATAnuprAsa ityuktaH:... / / sA.da. kAra ne usake padagata aura vAkyagata ke rUpa meM do bheda to nahIM ginAye para udAharaNa donoM hI prakAra ke diye haiM- smerarAjIvanayane nayane kiM nimIlite / pazya nirjitakandarpaM kandarpavazagaM priyam / / pUrvArdha meM nayane tathA uttarArdha meM kandarpa zabda kA prAtipadikAMza zabda aura artha donoM hI dRSTiyoM se samAna hai| prathama 'nayane ' pada kA anvaya sambodhana ke sAtha tathA dvitIya 'nayane' pada kA anvaya kriyA ke sAtha ho rahA hai| isI prakAra prathama 'kandarpa' pada upamAna hai jabaki dvitIya

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lATI 159 liGgazleSaH 'kandarpa' pada 'vazagam' kA sambandhI hai| yahI tAtparyabheda hai| 'nayane tasyeva nayane' meM nayana prAtipadika apanI vibhaktiyoM sahita AvRtta huA hai| yasya na savidhe dayitA dvdhnstuhindiidhitistsy| yasya ca savidhedayitA dvdhnstuhindiidhitistsy|| yahA~ aneka padoM aura arthoM kA paunaruktya hai parantu tAtparya bhinna hai| pUrvArdha meM 'tuhinadIdhiti' uddezya aura 'davadahana' vidheya hai jabaki uttarArdha meM yaha krama ulaTa gayA hai| yaha anuprAsa lATapradeza ke kavioM ko adhika priya hai, ataH isakI saMjJA lATAnuprAsa prasiddha hai| (10/8) lATI-rIti kA eka prkaar| vaidarbhI aura pAJcAlI donoM ke lakSaNoM se kucha-kucha yukta hone ke kAraNa unakI madhyavartinI rIti ko lATI kahate haiM-lATI tu vaidarbhIpAJcAlyorantare sthitaa| yathA-ayamudayati mudrAbhaJjanaH pdminiinaamudygirivnaaliibaalmndaarpusspm| virahavidhurakokadvandvabandhurvibhindan kupitkpikpolkroddtaamrstmaaNsi|| isI sandarbha meM AcArya vizvanAtha ne kisI prAmANika AcArya ke dvArA kRta lATI kA lakSaNa uddhRta kiyA hai ki yaha komala padoM, sukumAra samAsoM tathA samucita vizeSaNoM se yukta hotI hai| bahuta adhika saMyuktAkSaroM kA prayoga isameM nahIM kiyA jAtAmRdupadasamAsasubhagA yuktairvrnnairncaatibhuuyisstthaa| ucitavizeSaNapUritavastunyAsA bhvellaattii|| yahIM eka aura kArikA uddhRta hai jahA~ samAhAra rUpa meM sabhI rItiyoM kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai-gauDI DambarabaddhA syAdvaidarbhI llitkrmaa| pAJcAlI mizrabhAvena lATI tu mRdubhiH pdaiH|| (9/6) lAmaH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) / liGgazleSaH-zleSAlaGkAra kA eka bhed| jahA~ liGga kI zliSTatA se zleSa kI pratIti ho, yathA-vikasannetranIlAbje tathA tanvyAH stndvyii| tava dattAM sadAmodaM lsttrlhaarinnii| napuMsaka prathamA dvivacana ke rUpa 'lasattaralahAriNI' tathA stryanta prathamA ekavacana ke 'lasattaralahAriNI' kA anvaya 'nIlAbje' tathA 'stanadvayI' donoM ke sAtha ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra / dA ke Atmane0 loT pra.pu.e.va. tathA isI dhAtu ke parasmai0 loTa pra.pu.dvi.va. meM bhI 'dattAm' rUpa hI banatA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ napuMsaka aura strIliGga meM zleSa hai| (10/14 kI vRtti)

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160 lIlA luptopamA lIlA- nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| prIti ke atizaya ke kAraNa aGgoM, veSa, alaGkAroM tathA premapUrNa vacanoM se priya ke anukaraNa ko 'lIlA' kahate haiM--aGgairveSairalaGkAraiH prembhirvcnairpi| prItiprayojitairlIlA priyasyAnukRti viduH| yathA-mRNAlavyAlavalayA venniibndhkprdinii| harAnukAriNI pAtu lIlayA pArvatI jgt|| yahA~ pArvatI kamalanAla kA sarpa banAkara tathA veNI kA jaTAjUTa banAkara ziva kA anukaraNa karatI huI varNita kI gayI hai| (3/114) luptavisargatvam-eka kaavydoss| sarvatra visargoM kA lopa hone se luptavisarga nAmaka doSa hotA hai| yathA-gatA nizA imA baale| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) luptopamA-upamA kA eka bhed| jahA~ upameya, upamAna, sAmAnyadharma aura vAcakazabda meM se kinhIM eka, do athavA tIna kA lopa holuptA sAmAnyadharmAderekasya yadi vA dvyoH| trayANAM vaanupaadaane..|| isake bhI zabdataH zruta athavA arthAnusandhAna ke anantara bodhya hone ke kAraNa zrautI aura ArthI ye do rUpa hote haiM-zrautyArthI sApi puurvvt| sAmAnya dharma ke lupta hone kI sthiti meM kyoMki 'tatra tasyeva' sUtra se taddhita vati pratyaya kI sambhAvanA nahIM banatI ataH zrautI luptopamA kevala samAsa aura vAkya meM hotI hai| ArthI luptopamA taddhita, samAsa aura vAkya tInoM meM sthita hotI hai| isa prakAra sAmAnyadharmaluptA upamA ke pA~ca bheda banate haiN| mukhaminduryathA pANiH pallavena samaH priye| vAcaH sudhA ivoSThaste bimbatulyo mno'shmvt|| isa zloka meM ye pA~coM bheda upalabdha ho jAte haiN| 'mukhaminduryathA' meM vAkyagata zrautI sAmAnyadharmaluptopamA tathA 'pANiH pallavena samaH' meM upamA kA vAkyagata ArthI sAmAnyadharmaluptA nAmaka bheda hai| 'vAcaH sudhA iva' meM samAsagatazrautI sAmAnyadharmaluptA tathA 'oSThaste bimbatulyaH' meM samAsagata ArthI samAnyadharmaluptopamA hai| mano'zmavat' meM taddhitagata ArthI sAmAnyadharmaluptopamA nAmaka bheda banatA hai| isake atirikta pA~ca prakAra kI sAmAnyadharmaluptopamA (1) upamAnabhUta karma se kyac pratyaya karane para (upamAnAdAcAre 3/1/10 sUtra se), (2) upamAnabhUta AdhAra se kyac pratyaya karane para (adhikaraNAcca

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luptopamA 161 laptopamA vArttika se), (3) upamAnabhUta kartA se kyaG pratyaya karane para (upamAne karmaNi ca 3/4/45 sUtra se), (4) upamAnabhUta karma tathA (5) kartA se Namul pratyaya karane para (upamAne karmaNi ca 3/4/45 sUtra se) hotI hai| (kalApa vyAkaraNa meM kyac, kyA aura Namula kI saMjJA yin, Ayi aura Nam hai|) ina pA~coM prakAroM ke udAharaNa kramazaH isa zloka meM nibaddha haiM-antaHpurIyasi raNeSu sutIyasi tvaM pauraM janaM tava sadA ramaNIyate shrii:| dRSTaH priyAbhiramRtadyutidarzamindra saJcAramatra bhuvi saJcarasi kssitiish|| isa prakAra sAmAnyadharmaluptopamA ke daza bheda niSpanna hote haiN| upamAnaluptopamA vAkya athavA ra mAsa meM sthiti ke AdhAra para do prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra ke sthaloM meM vastutaH upamAna ke jJAna kA abhAva hotA hai, usakI sattA kA hI sarvathA niSedha nahIM hotaa| tasyA mukhena sadRzaM ramyaM nAste' yaha vAkyagata tathA 'na vA nayanatulyam' yaha samAsagata upamAnaluptA hai| isake bhI 'mukhaM yathedaM' athavA 'dRzamiva' isa prakAra zrautI aura ArthI ke rUpa meM do punarvibhAga bhI ho sakate haiM parantu ye paramparA meM mAnya nahIM haiM, ataH do hI bheda kiye gaye haiN| ___aupamyavAcaka luptopamA samAsagata athavA kvip pratyayagata do prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| 'vadanaM mRgazAvAkSyAH sudhAkaramanoharam' yahA~ 'sudhAkara iva manoharam' aisA vigrahavAkya hai| samAsa 'upamAnAni sAmAnyavacanaiH' isa zAstra se hotA hai| 'gardabhati zrutiparuSaM vyaktaM ninadanmahAtmanAM purataH' yahA~ gardabha zabda se 'gardabha ivAcarati' isa artha meM sarvaprAtipadikebhyaH kvibvA vaktavyaH' isa vArttika se kvip pratyaya hotA hai| isa vAkya meM upameya kI pratIti ninadan' ke kartA ke rUpa meM hotI hai| sAdhAraNadharma aura upamAna ina donoM kA lopa samAsagata athavA vAkyagata do prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| 'tasyA mukhena sadRzaM loke nAste na vA nayanatulyam' ye donoM udAharaNa kramazaH vAkyagata aura samAsagata dharmopamAnaluptA ke banate haiN| vidhavati mukhAbjamasyAH ' isa udAharaNa meM 'vidhurivAcarati' isa artha meM kvip pratyaya hokara usakA zAstrakRta lopa hotA hai| yahA~ manoharatvarUpa sAmAnyadharma kA bhI lopa hai| upameya ke lupta hone kI sthiti meM eka upamA kyac pratyaya hone para

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162 lezaH vakroktiH hotI hai, ythaa-araativikrmaalokviksvrvilocnH| kRpANodagradordaNDaH sa shsraayudhiiyti|| yahA~ 'sahasrAyudha ivAcarati' isa artha meM sahasrAyudha zabda se kyac pratyaya huA hai| sAmAnyadharma aura upameya kA lopa hone para bhI kyac pratyaya meM eka upamA hotI hai, yathA-yazasi prasarati bhavataH kSIrodIyanti sAgarAH srve| yahA~ upameya aura sAdhAraNadharma (zuklatA) lupta haiN| upamA ke cAra aGgoM meM se tIna ke lupta hone para triluptA nAmaka bheda hotA hai| isakI sthiti samAsa meM hotI hai-trilope ca smaasgaa| yathA-rAjate mRglocnaa| yahA~ upamAna 'locana', sAmAnyadharma 'caJcalatA' aura vAcaka pada 'iva' kA lopa hai parantu ina sabakA bodha samAsa kI zakti se ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra luptopamA ke kula ikkIsa bheda hote haiN| (10/23-32) lezaH-eka naattylkssnn| sAdRzya prakaTa karate hue jo kathana kiyA jAye use leza kahate haiM-sa lezo bhaNyate vAkyaM ytsaadRshypurHsrm| yathA ve.saM. meM "hate jarati gAGgeye puraskRtya shikhnnddinm| yA zlAghA pANDuputrANAM saivAsmAkaM bhvissyti"|| isa padya meM duryodhana apanI aura pANDavoM kI samAnatA dikhAte hue, jo yaza zikhaNDI ko Age karake bhISma kI hatyA karane para pANDavoM ko milA, vahI yaza niHzastra abhimanyu kI hatyA karake hameM bhI milegA, aisA kathana karatA hai| (6/203) vakroktiH -eka shbdaalngkaar| vaktA ke dvArA anya abhiprAya se kathita vAkya kA jaba zrotA zleSa athavA kAku se anya hI artha grahaNa kara le to vakrokti alaGkAra hotA hai-anyasyAnyArthakaM vAkyamanyathA yojyedydi| anyaH zleSeNa kAkvA vA sA vakroktistato dvidhaa| zleSavakrokti aura kAkuvakrokti yahI do isake bheda haiN| zleSavakrokti bhI sabhaGga aura abhaGga ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| ke yUyaM sthala eva samprati vayaM prazno vizeSAzrayaH, kiM brUte vihagaH sa vA phaNipatiryatrAsti supto hriH| vAmA yUyamaho viDambarasikaH kIdRksmaro varttate, yenAsmAsu vivekazUnyamanasaH puMsveva yossibhrmH|| isa padya ke pUrvArdha meM 'vizeSa' pada ke 'vipakSI' aura 'zeSa-nAga' ye do artha padabhaGga karake prApta hote haiM, ataH yahA~ sabhaGgazleSa hai| uttarArdha meM 'vAmAH' pada ke do artha kuTila aura strI haiN| yaha abhaGgazleSa

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vacanazleSaH 163 varNasaMhAraH kA udAharaNa hai| uccAraNa kI viziSTa praNAlI ko kAku kahate haiN| kabhI-kabhI dhvani ke vikAramAtra isa kAku se hI samagra artha parivartita ho jAtA hai-kAle kokilavAcAle sahakAramanohare / kRtAgasaH parityAgAttasyAzceto na dUyate / / kisI sakhI ke dvArA yahA~ niSedha artha meM prayukta naJ dUsarI sakhI ke dvArA vidhyartha meM ghaTita kara liyA gayA hai| ( 10/11 ) vacanazleSa :- zleSAlaGkAra kA eka bheda / jahA~ vacana ke zliSTa hone ke kAraNa zleSa kI pratIti ho, yathA-kiraNA hariNAGkasya dakSiNazca smiirnnH| kAntotsaGgajuSAM nUnaM sarva eva sudhAkiraH / / isa padya meM 'sudhAkira: ' pada 'sudhAM kirati' isa artha meM kRR vikSepe se kvibanta zabda kA prathamA bahuvacana kA tathA ka pratyayAnta 'sudhAkira' zabda kA prathamA ekavacana kA rUpa hai| ( 10/14 kI vRtti) vajram - pratimukhasandhi kA eka angg| niSThura vacana ko vajra kahate haiM-pratyakSaniSThuraM vjrm| yathA ra.nA. meM susaGgatA kI rAjA ke prati yaha ukti-na kevalaM tvaM samaM citraphalakena / tadyAvadgatvA devyai nivedyissyaami| (6/92) varNazleSa :- zleSAlaGkAra kA eka bheda / jahA~ varNa ke zliSTa hone ke kAraNa zleSa kI pratIti ho, yathA- pratikUlatAmupagate hi vidhau viphalatvameti bhusaadhntaa| avalambanAya dinabharturabhUnna patiSyataH krshsrmpi|| yahA~ vidhi aura vidhu zabdoM ke antima varNa (i tathA u) saptamI ekavacana meM au ( vidhau ) ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gaye haiN| yaha pariNati kevala pratyaya kI hI nahIM hai apitu isameM prakRti kA aMza bhI samAhita hai, ataH yahA~ pratyayazleSa nahIM hai / ( 10/14 kI vRtti) varNasaMhAraH- pratimukhasandhi kA eka bheda / cAroM varNoM ke samAgama ko varNasaMhAra kahate haiM- cAturvaNyapagamanaM varNasaMhAra iSyate / yathA ma.ca. ke isa padya - pariSadiyamRSINAmeSa vIro yudhAjit, samamRSibhiramAtyairlomapAdazca vRddhaH / ayamaviratayajJo brahmavAdI purANaH prabhurapi janakAnAmadruho yAjakAste / / meM RSi, kSatriyAdi sabhI kA milana huA hai| AcArya abhinavagupta yahA~ varNa zabda se pAtroM kA grahaNa karate haiM, ataH unake anusAra sabhI pAtroM kA mela varNasaMhAra hai| isakA udAharaNa ra.nA. ke dvitIyAGka meM 'ato'pi me gurutara:

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164 vastu vAkyagatA lakSaNA prasAdaH' se lekara 'nanu haste gRhItvA prasAdayainAm ' Adi sandarbha hai jahA~ rAjA, vidUSaka, sAgarikA, susaGgatA kA mela hai| (6/94) vstu-kthaavstu| ise hI vRtta athavA itivRtta bhI kahate haiM (vastvitivRttam) jo kAvya kA zarIra mAnA jAtA hai-itivRttaM tu kAvyasya zarIraM prikiirtitm| kathAvastu do prakAra kI hotI hai-AdhikArika aura prAsaGgikA prakArAntara se yaha tIna prakAra kI bhI hotI hai-prakhyAta, utpAdya aura mishr| prakhyAta itivRtta itihAsa athavA purANa se gRhIta hotA hai, utpAdya vastu kavikalpita hotI hai tathA mizra ina donoM kA mizraNa hai| (6/24-25) vastUttthApanam-ArabhaTI vRtti kA eka angg| mAyA Adi se utpanna kI gayI vastu ko vastUtthApana kahate haiM-mAyAdyutsthApitaM vastu vstuutthaapnmucyte| yathA u.rA. meM yaha padya-jIyante jayino nizIthatimiravrAtairviyadvyApibhirbhAsvantaH sakalA raverapi karAH ksmaadksmaadmii| ete cograkabandhakaNTharudhirairAdhmAyamAnodarA, muJcatyAnanakandarAnalamucastIvrAnnavAn phervaaH|| (6/156) vAkkeliH-eka viithyngg| do-tIna uktipratyuktiyoM se jahA~ hAsya prakaTa ho use vAkkeli kahate haiM-vAkkelisyisambandho dvitripratyuktito bhvet| do-tIna uktiyA~ yahA~ vastutaH upalakSaNamAtra haiM, inakI saMkhyA isase adhika bhI ho sakatI hai| isakA udAharaNa yaha padya hai-bhikSo! mAMsaniSevaNaM prakuruSe, kiM tena madyaM vinA, madyaM cApi tava priyaM priyamaho vArAGganAbhiH sh| vezyApyartharuciH kutastava dhanaM dyUtena cauryeNa vA, cauryadyUtaparigraho'pi bhavato naSTasya kAnyA gtiH|| kucha AcArya prArambha kiye gaye vAkya kI sAkAMkSa parisamApti ko vAkkeli kahate haiN| yaha mantavya da.rU.kAra kA hai-vinivRttyA'sya vAkkaliH dvitripratyuktito'pi vaa| isake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM unhoMne u.rA.ca. ke prasiddha padya-tvaM jIvitaM tvamasi me hRdayaM dvitIyaM, tvaM kaumudI nayanayoramRtaM tvmngge| ityAdibhiH priyazatairanurudhya mugdhAM, tAmeva zAntamathavA kimataH prenn|| ko uddhRta kiyA hai kucha AcArya aneka praznoM kA eka hI uttara hone para bhI vAkkeli kI sthiti mAnate haiM-anye ca, anekasya prshnsyaikmuttrm| (6/268) vAkyagatA lakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bhed| ATha prakAra kI rUr3hi tathA

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165 vAkyam vAcikaH battIsa prakAra kI prayojanavatI lakSaNA yadi vAkya meM sthita ho to vAkyagatA lakSaNA kahI jAtI hai| isakA udAharaNa-upakRtaM bahu tatra kimucyate sujanatA prathitA bhavatA praa| vidadhadIdRzameva sadA sakhe, sukhitamAssva tataH zaradAM shtm|| hai| (2/18 kI vRtti) vaakym-pdsmuuh| yogyatA, AkAMkSA tathA Asatti se yukta padasamUha vAkya kahA jAtA hai-vAkyaM syAdyogyatAkAMkSAsattiyuktaH pdoccyH| yogyatA-padArthoM ke paraspara sambandha meM bAdhA kA na honA yogyatA kahA jAtA hai-yogyatA padArthAnAM parasparasambandhe baadhaabhaavH| yathA, vahni kI siJcanakriyA meM sAdhanatA bAdhita hai| vaha dAha kA kArya karatI hai, siJcana kA nhiiN| isa prakAra vahni aura siJcana pada ke arthoM meM paraspara yogyatA kA abhAva hai| 'vahninA siJcati' meM vAkyatva siddhAntI ko abhimata nahIM hai| AkAMkSA-pratIti kA avasAna na honA AkAMkSA kahA jAtA hai-AkAMkSA prtiitipryvsaanvirhH| isakA sambandha zrotA kI jijJAsA se hai| yathA-gauH, azvaH, puruSaH, hastI ityAdi padoM kA prayoga karane para zrotA kI pratIti pUrNa nahIM hotI tathA kriyApada kI AkAMkSA banI hI rahatI hai| Asatti-buddhi kA vicchinna na honA Asatti kahA jAtA hai-aasttirbuddhyvicchedH| buddhi kA viccheda do padoM ke madhya kAla ke vyavadhAna se utpanna hotA hai ataeva samprati uccarita 'devadattaH' pada kI dinAnta meM uccarita 'gacchati' pada ke sAtha saGgati nahIM ho paatii| yahA~ AkAMkSA yadyapi icchArUpa hone ke kAraNa AtmA meM rahatI hai tathA yogyatA padArtha kA dharma hai tathApi padasamUha meM inakI sthiti upacAra se mAnI jAtI hai| isakA udAharaNa 'zUnyaM vAsagRham ' ityAdi padya haiN| (2/1) vAcakaH- zabda kA eka prkaar| abhidhA zakti jisakA vyApAra hai, usa zabda ko vAcaka kahA jAtA hai| yaha sAkSAt saGketita artha kA abhidhAna karatA hai-sAkSAtsaGketitaM yo'rthamabhidhatte sa vaackH| vAcaka zabda cAra prakAra ke hote haiM-jAtivAcaka, guNavAcaka, kriyAvAcaka aura ydRcchaavaack| (2/26 kI vRtti) vAcika:-abhinaya kA eka prkaar| anukArya rAmAdi ke bhAva ke anusAra unakI vANI kA anukaraNa vAcika abhinaya kahA jAtA hai| nATya meM isakA prayoga saMvAda ke rUpa meM hotA hai| (6/3)

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vAcyaH 166 vAtsalyam vAcyaH - artha kA eka prakAra / zabda kI abhidhA zakti se bodhya artha ko vAcya kahate haiM - vAcyArtho'bhidhayA bodhyaH / ise hI mukhyArtha bhI kahate haiN| (2/6) vAcyAnabhidhAnam - eka kaavydoss| jo zabda avazya kahe jAne cAhie~, unakA na kahanA vAcyAnabhidhAna doSa hai| yathA - vyatikramalavaM kaM me vIkSya vAmAkSi kupyasi / yahA~ ' vyatikramalavam' ke pazcAt 'api' zabda kA prayoga avazya karanA caahie| nyUnapadatva doSa meM vAcaka pada kI nyUnatA hotI hai, vAcyAnabhidhAna meM dyotaka pada kI nyUnatA hotI hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) vAcyotprekSA- utprekSA kA eka bheda / sAkSAt rUpa se ivAdi zabdoM ke prayoga hone para vAcyotprekSA hotI hai-vAcyevAdiprayoge syAt / ra.va. ke prasiddha padya-jJAne maunaM kSamA zaktau tyAge zlAghAviparyayaH / guNA guNAnubandhitvAttasya saprasavA iva / / meM 'iva' zabda kA prayoga hone ke kAraNa vahA~ vAcyotprekSA hai| sarvaprathama yaha jAti, guNa, kriyA aura dravya ke bheda se cAra prakAra kI hotI hai| ina cAroM prakAroM meM kahIM bhAva utprekSya hotA hai, kahIM abhaav| isa prakAra isake ATha bheda bana jAte haiN| ina AThoM meM utprekSA kA nimitta kahIM guNa hotA hai, kahIM kriyA / isa prakAra ye solaha bheda hue / inameM se jAti, guNa aura kriyA ke rUpa meM jo utprekSA ke cAra-cAra bheda haiM, ve sabhI svarUpotprekSA, hetUtprekSA aura phalotprekSA ke rUpa meM tIna-tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| isa prakAra jAtyutprekSA, guNotprekSA aura kriyotprekSA ke bAraha - bAraha bheda tathA dravyotprekSA ke cAra bheda (kevala svarUpa meM) milakara isake kula cAlIsa prakAra hue| ina cAlIsa bhedoM meM svarUpotprekSA ke jo solaha prakAra haiM (jAti, guNa, kriyA aura dravyotprekSA ke cAra-cAra ) ve nimitta ke zabdataH ukta athavA AkSepa se labhya hone ke kAraNa do-do prakAra ke hokara battIsa prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra vAccotprekSA ke chappana bheda ho gaye jo prastuta padArtha ke zabdokta athavA gamyamAna hone ke kAraNa punaH do-do prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra vAccotprekSA ke kula 112 bheda ho gaye / ( 10/59-63) vAtsalyam-eka rs| vatsala nAmaka sthAyIbhAva vibhAvAdi se saMyukta hokara jaba anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai to vAtsalya nAmaka rasa kahA jAtA

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vASpam 167 vAsanA hai yadyapi bharatAdi ke dvArA isakA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA gayA tathApi spaSTa rUpa se camatkAraka hone ke kAraNa ise bhI rasa mAnA jAnA caahie| isakA sthAyIbhAva vatsala hai, putrAdi isake Alambana haiN| unakI ceSTAyeM, yathA vidyA, zUratA, dayA Adi uddIpana, AliGgana, aGgasparza, zirazcumbana, dekhanA, pulakita honA, Ananda ke azru Adi isake anubhAva haiM tathA aniSTazaGkA, harSa, garva Adi vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| padmagarbha ke samAna isakA varNa tathA devatA brAhmI Adi lokamAtAyeM haiM- sphuTaM camatkAritayA vatsalaM ca rasaM viduH / sthAyI vatsalatAsnehaH putrAdyAlambanaM matam / uddIpanAni tacceSTA vidyAzauryodayAdayaH / AliGganAGgasaMsparzazirazcumbanamIkSaNam / pulakAnandavASpAdyA anubhAvA: prakIrtitAH / saJcAriNo'niSTazaGkAharSagarvAdayo matAH / padmagarbhacchavirvarNo daivataM lokmaatrH| yathA-yadAha dhAtryA prathamoditaM vaco yayau tadIyAmavalambya cAGgulim / abhUcca namraH praNipAtazikSayA piturmudaM tena tatAna so'rbhakaH / / isameM dilIpa ke putra raghu kI bAlyAvasthA kA varNana hai jo usake pitA ko Anandita karatI hai| dilIpagata vatsala sthAyIbhAva, raghu (bAlaka) Alambana, usakA bhASaNa, gamanAdi ceSTAyeM uddIpana, AliGganAdi anubhAva, tathA harSAdi vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| (3/235) vASpam - - zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) vAsakasajjA-nAyikA kA eka bhed| sajAye hue mahala meM sakhI jisakA zRGgAra kara rahI ho tathA use priya ke samAgama kA patA ho, vaha vAsakasajjA kahI jAtI hai - kurute maNDanaM yasyAH sajjite vAsavezmani / sA tu vAsakasajjA syAdviditapriyasaGgamA / / yathA - rA. A. nATaka kA yaha padya - vidUre keyUre kuru karayuge ranavalayairalaM gurvI grIvAbharaNalatikeyaM kimanayA / navAmekAmekAvalimayi mayi tvaM viracayerna pathyaM nepathyaM bahutaramanaGgotsavavidhau / / yahA~ sakhI ke dvArA sajAyI jAtI huI nAyikA anaGgotsava ke anukUla AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kara rahI hai| (3/98) vAsanA - rasAsvAda kA kAraNabhUta eka saMskAravizeSa | kAvya/nATya se sabhI ko samAna rUpa se rasa kI anubhUti nahIM hotii| kevala vAsanAkhyA saMskAra se yukta sabhyajanoM ko hI rasa kA AsvAdana ho pAtA hai| vAsanA se abhiprAya

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vikalpaH 168 vicitram usa cetanAmAtra se hai jo kAvyatva ke sphuraNa tathA usake AsvAdana donoM ke lie anivArya hai| isake vinA vyakti raGgabhavana meM kASThakuDyAzmasaMnibha hI hotA hai-savAsanAnAM sabhyAnAM rasasyAsvAdanaM bhvet| nirvAsanAstu raGgAntaH kaasstthkuddyaashmsNnibhaaH|| yaha vAsanA do prakAra kI hai-idAnIntanI aura praaktnii| yaha donoM hI prakAra kI cetanA rasAnubhUti kA kAraNa hai| vedapAThiyoM aura khurAMTa mImAMsakoM ko prAktanI vAsanA ke kAraNa rasAsvAda ho jAtA hai jabaki rAgiyoM ko bhI kabhI-kabhI prAktanI vAsanA ke abhAva meM rasAsvAda nahIM ho paataa| (3/8 kI vRtti) vikalpaH-eka arthaalngkaar| tulyabala vAle do padArthoM meM caturatApUrvaka dikhAyA gayA virodha vikalpa alaGkAra hotA hai-viklpstulyblyorvirodhshcaaturiiytH| yathA-namayantu zirAMsi dhanUMSi vaa| yahA~ zira kA namana sandhi kA tathA dhanuS kA namana vigraha kA upalakSaNa hai| ye donoM yugapat nahIM ho sakate, ata: virodha hai| sandhi kara lo athavA vigraha, isa artha meM tAtparya avasita hotA hai| yahA~ cAturI se abhiprAya hai-samAna bala vAlo vastuoM meM aupamyabhAva pradarzita krnaa| yaha yadi zleSamUlaka ho to aura bhI cArutva kA utkarSa hotA hai| (10/109) vikSepaH-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| AbhUSaNoM kI AdhI racanA, phira vinA kAraNa hI idhara-udhara dekhanA va dhIre se kucha rahasya kahanA vikSepa kahalAtA hai-bhUSANAmardharacanA mithyA vissvgvekssnnm| rahasyAkhyAnamISacca vikSepo dyitaantike|| yathA-dhammillamardhayuktaM kalayati tilakaM tthaa'sklm| kiJcidvadati rahasyaM cakitaM viSvagvilokate tnvii|| (3/127) vicAra:-eka naattylkssnn| yuktiyukta vAkyoM se apratyakSa artha ke sAdhaka ko vicAra kahate haiM-vicAro yuktivaakyairydprtykssaarthsaadhnm| yathA-ca.ka. nATikA meM hasati paritoSarahitam0 Adi yuktiyoM se 'nUnamiyamanta:pihitamadanavikArA varttate' isa apratyakSa artha ko sAdhita kiyA gayA hai| (6/183) vicitram-eka arthaalngkaar| yadi abhISTa kI prApti ke lie usake viruddha kArya kiyA jAye-vicitraM tadviruddhasya kRtiriSTaphalAya cet|

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_ 169 vicchittiH vidUSakaH yathA-praNamatyunnatihetorjIvitahetorvimuJcati praannaan| du:khIyati sukhahetoH ko mUDhaH sevkaadnyH|| isa padya meM sevaka ke dvArA unnati ke lie praNAma, jIvana ke lie prANatyAga tathA sukha ke lie duHkhaprAptirUpa vaicitrya kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA huA pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| (10/93) vicchittiH-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| kAnti ko bar3hAne vAlI thor3I sI veSaracanA vicchitti kahI jAtI hai-stokA'pyAkalparacanA vicchittiH kaantiposskRt| yathA-svacchAmbhaHsnapanavidhautamaGgamoSThastAmbUladyutivizado vilaasiniinaam| vAsastu pratanu viviktamastvitIyAnakalpo yadi kusumeSuNA na shuunyH|| (3/116) viTa:-nAyaka kA shaayk| bhogavilAsa meM naSTa sampatti vAlA, dhUrta, nRtyAdikalAoM ke eka aMza ko jAnane vAlA, vaizyAoM ke sAtha upacAra meM kuzala, vANI meM kuzala, madhurabhASI tathA goSThI meM sammAnita hone vAlA puruSa viTa kahalAtA hai-sambhogahInasampadviTastu dhUrtaH klaikdeshjnyH| vezopacArakuzalo vAgmI madhuro'tha bahumato gosstthyaam|| yaha nAyaka kA madhyama koTi kA sahAyaka mAnA jAtA hai-madhyau vittviduussko| yaha zRGgAra meM nAyaka kI sahAyatA karatA hai| (3/49) vitarka:-eka vybhicaariibhaav| sandeha se utpanna hone vAle vicAra kA nAma tarka hai| isameM bhrukuTibhaGga tathA zira aura aGguliyoM kA nacAnA Adi anubhAva hote haiM-tarko vicAraH sandehAd bhruushironggulinrtkH| yathA-kiM ruddhaH priyayA kadAcidathavA sakhyA mmaavejitH| kiM vA kAraNagauravaM kimapi yannAdyAgato vllbhH| ityAlocya mRgIdRzA karatale vinyasya vaktrAmbujam, dIrgha nizvasitaM ciraM ca ruditaM kSiptAzca pusspmrjH|| yahA~ virahotkaNThitA nAyikA priya ke na Ane ke kAraNoM ke viSaya meM vitarka karatI huI varNita kI gayI hai| (3/181) vidUSakaH-nAyaka kA shaayk| yaha rAjA kA madhyama koTi kA sahAyaka mAnA gayA hai-madhyau vittviduussko| yaha mukhya rUpa se zRGgAra meM rAjA kI sahAyatA karatA hai| isakA nAma kisI puSpa athavA vasantAdi para rakhA jAtA hai| apanI asambaddha kriyAoM, vikRta aGgoM, vikRta veza tathA bhASA

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vidyAviruddham 170 vidheyAvimarzaH Adi se hAsyakara hai| vaha lar3AIjhagar3e meM Ananda letA hai| apane bhojana rUpa mukhya karma ko vaha kabhI nahIM bhUlatA - kusumavasantAdyabhidhaH, karmavapurveSa bhASAdyaiH / hAsyakaraH kalaharatirvidUSakaH syAtsvakarmajJaH || ( 3 / 50 ) vidyAviruddham - eka kAvyadoSa / jahA~ zAstra ke viruddha koI bAta kahI jAye, vaha vidyAviruddha hai| yathA-adhare karajakSataM mRgAkSyAH / adhara para nakhakSata kA varNana kAmazAstra ke viruddha hai, vahA~ dantAghAta honA caahie| yaha arthadoSa hai| (715) vidravaH - garbhasandhi kA eka aGga / zaGkA, bhaya, trAsAdi se utpanna sambhrama vidrava kahA jAtA hai- zaGkAbhayatrAsakRtaH sambhramo vidravo mataH / yathA-kAlAntakakarAlAsyaM krodhoddhUtaM dazAnanam / vilokya vAnarAnIke sambhramaH ko'pyajAyata / / ( 6 / 108) vidhAnam - mukhasandhi kA eka aGga / sukhaduHkha kA mizrita artha vidhAna kahA jAtA hai- sukhaduHkhakRto yo'rthastadvidhAnamiti smRtm| bA.ca. meM rAma ke prati janaka kI yaha ukti - utsAhAtizayaM vatsa tava bAlyaJca pazyataH / mama harSaviSAdAbhyAmAkrAntaM yugapanmanaH / / isakA udAharaNa hai| (6/76) vidhUtam - pratimukhasandhi kA eka aGga / kiye gaye anunaya kA svIkAra na karanA vidhUta kahA jAtA hai, ise hI aparigraha bhI kahate haiM- kRtasyAnunayasyAdau vidhUtaM tvprigrhH| yathA a.zA. meM zakuntalA kA-- - alaM vAmantaHpuravirahaparyutsukena rAjarSiNA uparuddhena, Adi kthn| kucha AcArya 'arati' ko vidhUta kahate haiN| yaha mata dhanaJjayAdi kA hai| (6/84) 4 vidheyAvimarza: : - eka kAvyadoSa / vidheya aMza kA hI jahA~ pradhAnatayA parAmarza na ho, vahA~ vidheyAvimarza doSa hotA hai| yathA-svargagrAmaTikAviluNThanavRthocchUnaiH kimebhirbhujaiH / isa paMkti meM bhujAoM kA vRthAtva batAnA hI vidheya hai aura use hI samAsa meM DAlakara apradhAna banA diyA gayA hai| yathA ca - rakSAMsyapi pura: sthAtumalaM rAmAnujasya me| isa udAharaNa meM rAma ke sAtha sambandha pratipAdita karanA hI vidheya hai aura usake vAcaka SaSThI vibhakti ko samAsa meM DAlakara usakI pradhAnatA samApta kara dI gayI hai| yaha padadoSa samAsa meM hI hotA hai / nyakkAro hyayameva meM yadarayaH0 Adi prasiddha padya meM vAkyagata vidheyAvimarza doSa hai| isa padya meM 'nyakkAra' vidheya hai tathA 'ayameva '

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vidhyayuktatA 171 vipralambha: uddezya hai| uddezya kA kathana kiye vinA anuvAdya kA kathana nahIM ho sakatA (anuvAdyamanuktvaiva na vidheyamudIrayet ) / isa nyAya ke anusAra 'ayameva nyakkAra:' aisA prayoga honA caahie| (7/3) vidhyayuktatA - eka kAvyadoSa / jahA~ varNana kI vidhi upayukta na ho, vahA~ yaha doSa hotA hai, yathA-AnanditasvapakSo'sau parapakSAnhaniSyati / vAstavika vidhi yaha hai ki pahale parapakSahanana tathA puna: svapakSaprasAdIkaraNa hotA hai| yaha arthadoSa hai / (7/5) vinoktiH - eka arthAlaGkAra / jahA~ eka ke vinA dUsarA azobhana nahIM hotA, athavA ho jAtA hai, vahA~ vinokti hotI hai- vinoktiryadvinAnyena nAsAdhvanyadasAdhu vA / tadyathA - vinA jaladakAlena candro nistandratAM gataH / vinA grISmoSmaNA maJjurvanarAjirajAyata / / vinA zabda ke sAkSAt na prayukta hone para bhI usake artha kI vivakSA hone para yaha alaGkAra ho sakatA hai / yathA-nirarthakaM janma gataM nalinyA yayA na dRSTaM tuhinAMzubimbam / utpattirindorapi niSphalaiva dRSTA vinidrA nalinI na yena / / ( 10/73) vinyAsa:- bhANikA kA eka aGga / nirvedajanaka vAkyoM kA kathana karanA vinyAsa kahA jAtA hai - nirvedavAkyavyutpattirvinyAsa iti sa smRtaH / (6/300) viparyayaH- eka nATyalakSaNa / sandeha ke kAraNa vicAra kA badala lenA viparyaya kahA jAtA hai-vicArasyAnyathAbhAvaH sandehAttu viparyayaH / yathA - matvA lokamadAtAraM santoSe yaiH kRtA matiH / tvayi rAjani te rAjanna tathA vyavasAyinaH / / isa padya meM loka ko adAtA mAnakara yAcanA kA vicAra badalakara santoSa kA samAzrayaNa kiyA gayA hai| (6/192) vipralabdhA - nAyikA kA eka bheda / jisakA priya saGketa karake bhI usake pAsa na Aye, vaha nitAnta apamAnita nAyikA vipralabdhA kahI jAtI hai- priyaH kRtvApi saGketaM yasyA nAyAti sNnidhim| vipralabdhA tu sA jJeyA nitaantmvmaanitaa|| yathA-uttiSTha dUti yAmo yAmo yAtastathApi naayaatH| yAtaH paramapi jIvejjIvitanAtho bhavettasyAH / / (3/96) vipralambha: zRGgAra kA eka bheda / jahA~ utkaTa prema hone para bhI abhISTa

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vibodha: vibhaktizleSaH 172 (nAyaka athavA nAyikA) kI prApti nahIM hotI vahA~ vipralambha zRGgAra hotA hai-yatra tu ratiH prakRSTA nAbhISTamupaiti vipralambho'sau / isake cAra bheda haiM- pUrvarAga, mAna, pravAsa aura karuNa / (3 / 191, 92) vibodhaH-nirvahaNasandhi kA eka aGga / kArya ke anveSaNa ko vibodha kahate haiM--vibodhaH kAryamArgaNam / yathA ve.saM. meM bhIma aura yudhiSThira kA yaha vArttAlApa - bhIma: - muJcatu mAmAryaH kssnnmekm| yudhiSThiraH- kimaparamavaziSTam ? bhiimH-sumhdvshissttm| saMyamayAmi tAvadanena suyodhanazoNitokSitena pANinA pAJcAlyA duHzAsanAvakRSTaM keshhstm| yudhiSThiraH- gacchatu bhavAnanubhavatu tapasvinI vennisNhaarm| yahA~ draupadI kI veNI ke saMhAra ke lie bhIma duryodhana ke rakta kA anveSaNa karatA hai / (6/125) vibodhaH-bhANikA kA eka aGga / bhrAnti dUra karanA vibodha kahA jAtA hai - bhrAntinAzo vibodha: syAt / (6/300) vibodhaH-eka vyabhicArIbhAva / nidrA dara karane vAle kAraNoM se utpanna caitanya ko vibodha kahate haiN| isakI abhivyakti ja~bhAI lenA, aMgar3AI, A~kheM jhapakanA, aGgoM ko dekhanA Adi se hotI hai-nidrApagamahetubhyo vibodhshcetnaagmH| jRmbhaanggbhnggnynmiilnaanggaavlokkRt| yathA-ciraratiparikhedaprAptanidrAsukhAnAM, caramamapi zayitvA pUrvameva prbuddhaaH| aparicalitagAtrAH kurvate na priyANAmazithilabhujacakrAzleSabhedaM trunnyH|| yahA~ nAyikA ke vibodha kI sthiti varNita hai| (3/157) vibhaktizleSa :- zleSAlaGkAra kA eka bhed| yaha alaGkAra vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ zleSa kI pratIti kA hetu vibhakti kI zliSTatA ho| yathA-sarvasvaM hara sarvasya, tvaM bhavacchedatatparaH / nayopakArasAMmukhyamAyAsi tanu vrttnm|| 'hara' isa pada meM ziva ke sambodhanapakSa meM sup vibhakti tathA cora ke kathana meM hR se tiG vibhakti hai| isI prakAra bhavAdi meM bhI 'bhava' pada eka pakSa aura tiG vibhaktiyA~ bhI meM subanta tathA pakSAntara meM tiGanta bhI hai| sup vastutaH pratyaya hI haiM tathApi pratyayazleSa meM isakA antarbhAva na karake kevala subanta aura tiGanta pRthagupAdAna karane ke do kAraNa haiM- (1) yaha kA hI viSaya hai, anya pratyayoM se sAdhita nahIM ho sktaa| (2) isI ke kAraNa isameM viziSTa camatkAra kA AdhAna hotA hai| ( 10/14 kI vRtti)

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vibhAvaH 173 vibhramaH vibhAva:-rasa kA eka angg| loka meM jo rAmAdigata rati, hAsAdi ke udbodhaka kAraNa sItAdi haiM, kAvya, nATya Adi meM niviSTa hokara vahI vibhAva nAmaka alaukika saMjJA ko prApta karate haiM-ratyAdhubodhakA loke vibhAvAH kaavynaattyyoH| evam, isakI vyutpatti isa prakAra banatI hai-vibhAvyante AsvAdAkuraprAdurbhAvayogyAH kriyante sAmAjikaratyAdibhAvA ebhiH| vibhAva ke do prakAra haiM-Alambana aura uddiipn| (3/32) vibhAvanA-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ kAraNa ke vinA hI kArya kI utpatti pradarzita kI jAye, vahA~ vibhAvanA alaGkAra hotA hai-vibhAvanA vinA hetuM kaaryotpttiryducyte| yahA~ vinA kAraNa ke kArya kI utpatti kA artha hai-prasiddha kAraNa se vyatirikta kisI anya kAraNa kA honaa| vaha anya kAraNa yadi batA diyA gayA ho to uktanimittA aura yadi vaha na batAyA gayA ho to anuktanimittA vibhAvanA hotI hai| yathA-anAyAsakRzaM madhyamazaGkatarale dRshau| abhUSaNamanohAri vapurvayasi subhrvH|| isa padya meM 'vayasi' pada ke dvArA kaTi ke kRza hone, netroM ke caJcala hone tathA zarIra ke manohara hone kA kAraNa batA diyA gayA hai, ata: yaha uktanimittA vibhAvanA hai| yadi caturtha caraNa meM vapurbhAti mRgIdRzaH' aisA pATha ho to kAraNa kA upanyAsa nahIM ho pAyegA, ataH yaha anuktanimittA kA udAharaNa ho jaayegaa| (10/87) vibhAvAnubhAvayoH kRcchAdAkSepaH- eka kaavydoss| jahA~ vibhAvAnubhAvoM kA kaThinatA se jJAna ho, yathA-dhavalayati zizirarociSi bhuvanatalaM loklocnaannde| ISatkSiptakaTAkSA smeramukhI sA nirIkSyatAM tnvii|| yahA~zRGgAra kA uddIpaka candramA tathA Alambana nAyikA hai| inase anubhAvoM kI kalpanA kaThinatA se hotI hai| pariharati ratiM matiM lunIte skhalatitarAM parivartate ca bhuuyH| iti bata viSamA dazA'sya dehaM paribhavati prasabhaM kimatra kurmH|| isa padya meM jina anubhAvoM kA varNana hai, ve zRGgAra aura karuNa donoM meM hote haiM, ataH yaha vidita nahIM ho pAtA ki nAyikA kAminI hai athavA virhinnii| yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6) vibhramaH-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| priya ke Agamana ke samaya harSa, rAga Adi ke kAraNa zIghratAvaza asthAna para bhUSaNAdi dhAraNa kara lenA

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174 vimarzaH viruddhamatikRt vibhrama kahalAtA hai-tvarayA hrssraagaaderdyitaagmnaadissu| asthAne bhUSaNAdInAM vinyAso vibhramo mtH|| yathA-zrutvA''yAntaM bahiH kaantmsmaaptvibhuussnnaa| bhAle'JjanaM dRzorlAkSA kapole tilakaH kRtH|| yahA~ nAyikA ne sambhramavaza mAthe para aJjana, A~khoM meM mahAvara tathA kapola para tilaka lagA liyA hai| (3/121) vimarza:-sandhi kA caturtha bhed| isameM mukhyaphalaprApti kA upAya garbhasandhi kI apekSA kucha adhika udbhinna parantu zApAdi vighnoM se yukta hotA hai-yatra mukhyaphalopAya udbhinno grbhto'dhikH| zApAdyaiH sAntarAyazca sa vimarza iti smRtH|| a.zA. ke caturthAGka meM zApamocana ke samAdhAna kA upAya sambhAvita ho jAne para bhI anasUyA kI cintA se lekara zakuntalA ke pratyabhijJAnaparyanta kA kathAnaka aneka vighnoM se yukta hai| isake teraha aGga haiM-apavAda, sampheTa, vyavasAya, drava, dyuti, zakti, prasaGga, kheda, pratiSedha, virodha, prarocanA, AdAna tathA chaadn| kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra yahA~ apavAda, zakti, vyavasAya, prarocanA aura AdAna kI pramukhatA hai| anya aGga gauNa haiN| (6/66) virahotkaNThitA-nAyikA kA eka bhed| Ane kA nizcaya karake bhI daivavaza jisakA priya na A pAye, usake na Ane se khinna vaha nAyikA virahotkaNThitA kahI jAtI hai-AgantuM kRtacitte'pi daivAnnAyAti cetpriyH| tadanAgamadu:khAta virahotkaNThitA tu saa|| yathA- kiM ruddhaH priyayA kadAcidathavA sakhyA mamodvejitaH, kiM vA kAraNagauravaM kimapi yannAdyAgato vllbhH| ityAlocya mRgIdRzA karatale vinyasya vaktrAmbujaM, dIrghaM nizvasitaM ciraM ca ruditaM kSiptAzca pusspmrjH|| (3/99) virudam-gadyapadyamayI raajstuti| gadya aura padya se mizrita rAjastuti viruda nAma se kahI jAtI hai-gadyapadyamayI raajstutivirudmucyte| ythaa-virudmnnimaalaa| (6/314) viruddhamatikRt-eka kaavydoss| viruddha buddhi ko utpanna karane vAle zabda viruddhamatikRt kahe jAte haiN| yathA-bhUtaye'stu bhvaaniishH| isa vAkya se pArvatI kA ziva ke atirikta koI anya pati pratIta hotA hai| yaha padadoSa samAsa meM hI hotA hai| (7/3)

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virodha: 175 vilAsaH virodha: - pratimukhasandhi kA eka aGga / duHkha kI prApti ko virodha kahate haiM- virodho vyasanaprAptiH / yathA-ca. kau. meM rAjA kI yaha ukti - nUnamasamIkSyakAriNA mayAndheneva sphuracchikhA kalApo jvalanaH padbhyAM smaakraant:| (6/89) virodha: - eka arthAlaGkAra / jahA~ jAti kA jAti, guNa, kriyA aura dravya ke sAtha, guNa kA guNa, kriyA aura dravya ke sAtha, kriyA kA kriyA aura dravya ke sAtha tathA dravya kA dravya ke sAtha virodha AbhAsita ho vahA~ virodhAlaGkAra hotA hai - jAtizcaturbhirjAtyAdyairguNo guNAdibhistribhiH / kriyA kriyAdravyAbhyAM yaddravyaM dravyeNa vA mithaH / viruddhameva bhAseta virodho'sau dshaakRtiH| isa prakAra isake kula daza bheda niSpanna hote haiN| yathA- tava virahe malayamarud davAnalaH, zaziruco'pi soSmANaH / hRdayamalirutamapi bhinte, nalinIdalamapi nidAgharavirasyAH / / isa udAharaNa meM malayapavana (jAti) aura vana kI agni (jAti) kA, kiraNa (jAti) aura USmA (guNa) kA, aliruta (jAti) aura bhedana (kriyA) kA tathA nalinadala (jAti) aura nidAgharavi ( dravya) kA virodha pratIta hotA hai jo viraharUpa hetu kI pratIti ke anantara zAnta ho jAtA hai| vibhAvanA meM kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya tathA vizeSokti meM kArya ke abhAva meM kAraNa bAdhya pratIta hotA hai parantu yahA~ donoM meM hI bAdhyatA kI pratIti hotI hai / ( 10/89) virodhanam - vimarzasandhi kA eka aGga / kArya meM vighna kA A par3anA virodhana kahA jAtA hai - kAryAtyayopagamanaM virodhanamiti smRtam / ve.saM. meM yudhiSThira kI yaha ukti isakA udAharaNa hai- tIrNe bhISmamahodadhau kathamapi droNAnale nirvRte, karNAzIviSabhogini prazamite zalye ca yAte divam / bhImena priyasAhasena rabhasAdalpAvazeSe jaye sarve jIvitasaMzayaM vayamamI vAcA samAropitAH / / (6/119) vilAsaH - nAyaka kA sAttvika guNa / dRSTi meM dhIratA, gati meM vaicitrya tathA smitapUrNa bhASaNa vilAsa nAmaka guNa hai- dhIrA dRSTirgatizcitrA vilAse sasmitaM vacaH / yathA - dRSTistRNIkRtajagattrayasattvasArA, dhIroddhatA namayatIva

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vilAsaH 176 vilobhanam gtirdhritriim| kaumArake'pi girivad gurutAM dadhAno, vIro rasaH kimayametyuta darpa eSaH / / kuza ke vilAsa ko dekhakara yaha rAma kI ukti hai| (3/63) vilAsaH - pratimukhasandhi kA eka aGga / rati nAmaka bhAva ke viSaya arthAt strI athavA puruSa ke lie abhilASA ko vilAsa kahate haiM- samIhA ratibhogArthA vilAsa iti kathyate / yathA, a.zA. meM duSyanta kA yaha kathana - kAmaM priyA na sulabhA manastu tadbhAvadarzanAzvAsi / akRtArthe'pi manasije ratimubhayaprArthanA kurute / / isa padya meM duSyanta kI zakuntalAviSayaka abhilASA prakaTa huI hai| (6/82) vilAsaH - nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / priya ke darzanAdi se gati, sthiti, AsanAdi tathA mukha, netrAdi kI vilakSaNatA ko vilAsa kahate haiM- yAnasthAnAsanAdInAM mukhnetraadikrmnnaam| vizeSastu vilAsaH syAdiSTasandarzanAdinA / yathA - atrAntare kimapi vAgvibhavAtivRttavaicitryamullasita vibhramamAyatAkSyAH / / tadbhUrisAttvikavikAramapAstadhairyamAcAryakaM vijayi mAnmathamAvirAsIt / / ( 3 / 115 ) vilAsa :- zilpaka kA eka aGga / (6/295) vilAsikA - uparUpaka kA eka bhed| yaha saMkSipta kathAnaka vAlI, zRGgArabahulA tathA ekAGkI racanA hai| isameM garbha aura vimarza sandhiyA~ nahIM hotiiN| sundara veSAdi kA vinyAsa hotA hai| yaha dasoM lAsyAGgoM se yukta hotI hai| isake pAtroM meM hIna koTi kA nAyaka, pIThamarda tathA vidUSaka aura viTa bhI hote haiM-zRGgArabahulaikAGkA dazalAsyAGgasaMyutA / vidUSakaviTAbhyAJca pIThamardena bhUSitA / hInA garbhavimarzAbhyAM sandhibhyAM hInanAyakA / svalpavRttA sunepathyA vikhyAtA sA vilAsikA / / kucha AcArya ise hI lAsikA kahate haiM jabaki anya AcAryoM kA mata hai ki vaha uparUpaka kA anya hI bheda hai jisakA durmallikA meM antarbhAva hotA hai| (6/296) vilobhanam - mukhasandhi kA eka aGga / guNakathana kA nAma vilobhana hai - guNAkhyAnaM vilobhanam / yathA ve.saM. meM draupadI kA yaha kathana - nAtha! kiM duSkaraM tvayA parikupitena / a.zA. Adi nATakoM meM grIvAbhaGgAbhirAmam0 Adi ke rUpa meM mRgAdi kA jo guNakathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha sandhyaGga nahIM hai kyoMki usakA bIjArtha se koI sambandha nahIM hai / ( 6/72)

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177 vizeSaH vizeSoktiH vizeSaH-eka arthaalngkaar| jaba Adheya AdhAra ke vinA rahe athavA eka vastu aneka meM rahe athavA kucha kArya karate hue bhAgyavaza koI anya azakya kArya siddha ho jAye to yaha tIna prakAra kA vizeSa alaGkAra hotA hai-yadAdheyamanAdhAramekaM caanekgocrm| kiJcitprakurvataH kAryamazakyasyetarasya vaa| kAryasya karaNaM daivAd vishessstrividhsttH| ina tInoM prakAroM ke udAharaNa kramazaH isa prakAra haiM-(1) divamapyupayAtAnAmAkalpamanalpaguNA yessaam| ramayanti jaganti giraH kathamiva kavayo na te vndyaaH|| (2) kAnane sariduddeze girINAmapi kndre| pazyantyantakasaGkAzaM tvAmekaM ripavaH purH|| (3) gRhiNI sacivaH sakhI mithaH priyaziSyA lalite klaavidhau| karuNAvimukhena mRtyunA haratA tvAM vada kiM na me hRtm|| inameM se prathama padya meM kaviyoM ke na rahane para bhI unakI vANI kI sthiti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya padya meM eka hI rAjA kI yamarAja ke tulya vana, nadI, parvata, kandarAdi saba sthaloM para sthiti pradarzita kI gayI hai tathA tRtIya padya meM eka indumatI ke sAtha aneka vastuoM kA haraNa hotA huA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| (10/96) vizeSaNam-eka naattylkssnn| aneka prasiddha vastuoM ko kahakara punaH kisI viziSTa kathana ko vizeSaNa kahate haiM-siddhAnarthAnbahUnuktvA vishessoktirvishessnnm| yathA-tRSNApahArI vimalo dvijAvAso jnpriyH| hradaH padmAkaraH kintu budhastvaM sa jlaashyH|| isa padya meM zleSa dvArA rAjA aura jalAzaya ke viSaya meM aneka prasiddha kathana karake 'budhastvaM sa jalAzayaH' ke rUpa meM rAjA kA vaiziSTya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| (6/188) vizeSe-avizeSatvam-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ alpavyApaka kisI vizeSa zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAnA cAhie vahA~ bahuvyApaka sAmAnya zabda ke prayoga meM yaha doSa hotA hai| yathA-yAnti nIlanicolinyA rjniissvbhisaarikaaH| yahA~ abhisArikAoM kA varNana hai, ata: kAlI rAtri kA vAcaka koI vizeSa tamisrAdi zabda prayukta karanA caahie| sAmAnya rAtri kA vAcaka rajanI zabda doSAvaha hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) vizeSoktiH -eka arthaalngkaar| kAraNa ke hone para bhI kArya kA na honA vizeSokti alaGkAra hai-sati hetau phalAbhAve vishessoktiH| isa vaiziSTya

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viSamam 178 viSkambhakaH kA kAraNa yadi batA diyA jAye to uktanimittA vizeSokti hotI hai, anyathA anuktanimittA / acintyanimittA anuktanimittA meM hI gatArtha ho jAtI hai| dhanino'pi nirunmAdA yuvAno'pi na caJcalAH / prabhavopyapramattAste mahAmahimazAlinaH || isa padya meM mahAmahimazAlitvarUpa nimitta kA kathana kara diyA gayA hai| caturtha pada yadi 'kiyantaH santiH bhUtale' isa prakAra parivartita kara diyA jAye to yaha anuktanimittA vizeSokti kA udAharaNa bana jAtA hai| ( 10/88) viSamam - eka arthaalngkaar| kAraNa aura kArya ke guNa aura kriyAyeM yadi viruddha hoM athavA Arabdha kArya viphala ho jAye aura koI anartha A par3e athavA do virUpa padArthoM kA mela ho to viSama alaGkAra hotA hai - guNau kriye vA cetsyAtAM viruddhe hetukAryayoH / yadvArabdhasya vaiphalyamanarthasya ca sambhavaH / virUpayoH saGghaTanA yA ca tadviSamaM matam / yathA-sadyaH karasparzamavApya citraM raNe raNe yasya kRpANalekhA / tamAlanIlA zaradindupANDu yazastrilokAbharaNaM prasUte / / isa padya meM tamAlanIlA (kAlI) kRpANa se pANDu yaza kI utpatti pradarzita kI gayI hai ataH kArya aura kAraNa ke guNa paraspara viruddha hue| (10/91) viSAdaH - eka vyabhicArI bhaav| koI upAya na raha jAne para utsAha kA kSINa ho jAnA viSAda kahA jAtA hai| isameM nizvAsa, ucchvAsa, hRdaya kA santapta honA, sahAyakoM kA anveSaNa Adi hote haiM- upAyAbhAvajanmA tu viSAdaH sttvsNkssyH| nizvAsocchvAsahRttApasahAyAnveSaNAdikRt / / yathA - eSA kuTilaghanena cikurakalApena tava nibaddhA veNiH / mama sakhi dArayati dazatyAyasayaSTiriva kAloragIva hRdayam / / (3/176) viSkambhakaH-arthopakSepaka kA eka bheda / aGka ke prArambha meM bhUta athavA bhAvI kathAMzoM kI sUcanA ke dvArA kathAnaka kA saMkSepa karane vAlA prayoga viSkambhaka kahA jAtA hai| yaha eka athavA do madhyama koTi ke pAtroM ke dvArA prayukta hone para zuddha tathA eka madhyama aura eka nIca pAtra ke dvArA prayukta hone para saGkIrNa kahA jAtA hai- vRttavartiSyamANAnAM kathAMzAnAM nidarzakaH / saMkSiptArthastu viSkambha AdAvaGkasya darzitaH / madhyamena madhyamAbhyAM

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visarpaH vIthI 179 vA pAtrAbhyAM samprayojitaH / zuddhaH syAtsa tu saGkIrNo niicmdhymklpitH|| zuddha viSkambhaka mA.mA. ke paJcamAGka meM kapAlakuNDalA ke dvArA tathA saGkIrNa rA.a. nA. meM kSapaNaka aura kApAlika ke dvArA prayukta kiyA gayA hai| yadi kathAvastu ke nIrasa pUrvArdha ko kavi kevala sUcita mAtra karanA cAhe to Amukha ke anantara hI viSkambhaka kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| aise meM isake pAtroM kI sUcanA Amukha meM kara dI jAtI hai / yathA - ra.nA. meM yaugandharAyaNa ne Amukha ke anantara hI viSkambhaka kA prayoga karake bhUta kathAnaka kA nirdeza kiyA hai| (6/37) visarpa :- eka naattyaalngkaar| aniSTa phala dene vAle samArabdha karma ko visarpa kahate haiM-visarpo yatsamArabdhaM karmAniSTaphalapradam / yathA - ve.saM. meM droNa ke apamAna para kRpAcArya kA yaha kathana ki- ekasya tAvatpAko'yaM dAruNo bhuvi varttate / kezagrahe dvitIye'smin nUnaM nizzeSitA: prajA: / / ( 6 / 222) vismaya:- adbhutarasa kA sthAyIbhAva | lokasImA ko atikrAnta karake sthita alaukika sAmarthya se yukta kisI vastu ko dekhane se citta vistAra ko prApta hotA hai / citta kI yaha vistRtAvasthA hI vismaya kahI jAtI hai - vividheSu padArtheSu lokasImAtivarttiSu / visphAritazcetaso yastu sa vismaya udaahRt:| (3/186) vismaya:- zilpaka kA eka aGga / (6/295) vismRti:- zilpaka kA eka aGga / (6/295) vihasitam - hAsya kA eka bheda / jahA~ netravikAsa, adharasphuraNa aura dA~toM ke vilakSita hone ke sAtha-sAtha ha~sate hue thor3A-thor3A madhura svara bhI sunAI de use vihasita kahate haiM- madhurasvaraM vihasitam | yaha madhyama prakRti ke logoM kA hAsya hai / (3/221) vihRtam - nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra | lajjA ke kAraNa kahane ke samaya bhI bAta kA na kahanA vihRta kahalAtA hai-vaktavyakAle'pyavaco vrIDayA vihRtaM matam / yathA- dUrAgatena kuzalaM pRSTA novAca sA mayA kiJcit / paryazruNI tu nayane tasyAH kathayAmbabhUvatuH sarvam / / (3/124) vIthI - rUpaka kA eka bheda / vIthI ekAGkI rUpaka hai| isameM mukha aura

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vRttagandhiH 180 vIraH nirvahaNa sandhiyA~ tathA sabhI arthaprakRtiyoM kA nibandhana hotA hai| koI eka uttama, madhyama athavA adhama koTi kA nAyaka kalpita kara liyA jAtA hai| jo AkAzabhASita ke dvArA vicitra prakAra ke kathopakathana kA prayoga karatA hai / zRGgArarasa aGgI hotA hai, ataH kaizikI kI pradhAnatA spaSTa hai| anya rasoM kA prayoga aGgarUpa meM hotA hai - vIthyAmeko bhavedaGkaH kazcideko'tra kalpyate / AkAzabhASitairuktaizcitrAM pratyuktimAzritaH / sUcayedbhUri zRGgAraM kiJcidanyAn rasAnapi / mukhanirvahaNe sandhI arthaprakRtayo'khilAH / / isake teraha aGga manISiyoM ke dvArA nirdiSTa kiye gaye haiM-udghAtyaka, avalagita, prapaJca, trigata, chala, vAkkeli, adhibala, gaNDa, avasyandita, nAlikA, asatpralApa, vyAhAra, mRdv| (6/262-63) vIra:- eka rasa / vIra ko uttama prakRti vAle vyaktiyoM kI utsAhAtmaka cittavRtti kahA gayA hai| raudra Adi rasoM meM jahA~ zatru ko mArane kI icchA prabala rahatI hai vahA~ vIrarasa meM kevala una para vijayaprApti kA bhAva hI kalpita rahatA hai| isIlie ise uttama prakRti ke vyaktiyoM kI cittavRtti kahA jAtA hai| isakA Alambana vijetavya ( rAvaNAdi) tathA usakI ceSTAyeM uddIpana hotI haiN| sahAyakoM kA anveSaNa Adi isake anubhAva tathA dhRti, mati, garva, smRti, tarka, romAJca Adi isake vyabhicArIbhAva hote haiN| isakA varNa suvarNa ke sadRza tathA devatA mahendra hotA hai- uttamaprakRtirvIraH utsAhasthAyibhAvakaH / mahendradaivato hemavarNo'yaM samudAhRtaH / AlambanavibhAvAstu vijetavyAdayo matAH / vijetvyaadicessttaadyaastsyoddiipnruupinnH| anubhAvAstu tatra syuH sahAyAnveSaNAdayaH / saJcAriNastu dhRtimatigarvasmRtitarkaromAJcAH / sa ca dAnadharmayuddhairdayayA ca samanvitazcaturdhA syAt / / vIra rasa cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- dAnavIra, dharmavIra, yuddhavIra aura dayAvIra / (3/228) vRttagandhiH - gadya kA eka prakAra / padya ke aMzoM se yukta gadya vRttagandhi kahA jAtA hai - vRttabhAgayutaM param (vRttagandhi ) / isa prakAra ke gadya se padayojanA meM lAlitya A jAtA hai| a. pu. ke anusAra isakI zabdAvalI atyanta karkaza nahIM honI cAhie - vRttacchAyAharaM vRttagandhi naitatkilotkaTam / isake udAharaNa meM vizvanAtha kavirAja ne svaracita 'samarakaNDUlanibiDabhujadaNDakuNDalIkRta

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vRttiH 181 vRttyanuprAsaH kodaNDaziJjinITaGkArojjAgaritavairinagara0, ityAdi paMkti uddhRta kI hai| yahA~ 'kuNDalIkRtakodaNDa' isa aMza meM anuSTup kA eka caraNa Apatita hai| (6/310) __ vRttiH-naattyvRtti| vRtti zabda vRt se ktin pratyaya hokara niSpanna huA hai, jisakA artha hai-jisake dvArA jIvana ke vyavahAra kA pravartana kiyA jaaye| vRtti zarIra, vANI aura mana kA vyApAra hI hai jisakA sambandha pradhAnataH nAyaka ke sAtha hai parantu nAyaka ke sabhI vyApAra vRtti nahIM kahe jA sakate, ataeva AcArya dhanika ne usake sAtha 'pravRttirUpa' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai-pravRttirUpo netRvyApArasvabhAvo vRttiH| AcArya vizvanAtha isI bhAva ko 'vizeSa' vizeSaNa ke prayoga se abhivyakta karate haiM-nAyakAdivyApAravizeSA naattkaadissu| kavi nAyaka ke ina saba AGgika, vAcika aura mAnasika vyApAroM ko apane mana meM rakhakara hI kathAvastu meM usake caritra kI sRSTi karatA hai| ataeva vRttiyoM ke lie 'nATyamAtRkAH' vizeSaNa kA prayoga karanA bhI sAbhiprAya hI hai-catamro vRttayo hyetA sarvanATyasya maatRkaaH| isa prakAra bharata kA yaha kathana bhI samIcIna hI pratIta hotA hai ki inhIM cAra vRttiyoM meM vastutaH nATya pratiSThita hotA hai| ye cAra vRttiyA~ haiM-kaizikI, sAtvatI, ArabhaTI aura bhaartii| (6/143) vRttyanuprAsaH-anuprAsa kA eka bhed| aneka varNoM kI eka bAra AvRtti athavA aneka vargoM kI svarUpataH va kramazaH aneka bAra AvRtti kiM vA eka hI varNa kI eka bAra athavA aneka bAra AvRtti hone para vRttyanuprAsa nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai-anekasyaikadhA sAmyamasakRd vaapynekdhaa| ekasya sakRdapyeSa vRttyanuprAsa ucyte|| ythaa-unmiilnmdhugndhlubdhmdhupvyaadhuutcuutaangkurkriiddtkokilkaakliiklklairudgiirnnkrnnjvraaH| nIyante pathikaiH kathaM kathamapi dhyAnAvadhAnakSaNaprAptaprANasamAsamAgamarasollAsairamI vaasraaH|| yahA~ prathama caraNa meM eka 'ma' varNa kI eka hI bAra tathA 'dha' varNa kI aneka bAra AvRtti huI hai| dvitIya pAda meM ka tathA la varNoM kI aneka bAra usI krama se AvRtti huI hai tathA caturtha caraNa meM za, sa vargoM kI eka bAra kevala svarUpataH AvRtti hai, kramazaH nhiiN| rasAnukUla racanArUpa vRtti se anugata hone ke kAraNa isakI saMjJA vRttyanuprAsa hai| (10/5)

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182 vyaJjanA vepathuH vepathuH-eka sAttvika anubhaav| rAga, dveSa tathA zramAdi se utpanna aGgoM ke kampana ko vepathu kahate haiM-rAgadveSazramAdibhyaH kampo gAtrasya vepthuH| (3/146) __ vaidarbhI-rIti kA eka prkaar| mAdhuryavyaJjaka varNoM se yukta, lAlityapUrNa tathA samAsarahita athavA alpasamAsoM se yukta racanA vaidarbhI rIti kahI jAtI hai-mAdhuryavyaJjakairvarNaiH racanA llitaatmikaa| avRttiralpavRttirvA vaidarbhI riitirissyte|| yathA-anaGgamaGgalabhuvastadapAGgasya bhnggyH| janayanti muhurdUnAmanta:- sntaapsnttim|| rudraTa ne ina guNoM ke atirikta isameM zleSAdi dazaguNoM kI sthiti bhI mAnI hai| (9/3) . vaivarNyam-eka sAttvika anubhaav| viSAda, mada, krodha Adi ke kAraNa yadi anya hI varNa mukha se nikaleM to use vaivarNya kahate haiM-viSAdamadaroSAdyairvarNAnyatvaM vivrnntaa| (3/146) vaizAradyam-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) - vyaGgyaH -artha kA eka prkaar| zabda kI vyaJjanA zakti se bodhya artha ko vyaGgyArtha kahate haiM-vyaGgyo vynyjnyaa| (2/6) vyaJjaka:-zabda kA eka prkaar| vyaJjanA zakti jisakA vyApAra hai, vaha vyaJjanopAdhika zabda vyaJjaka kahA jAtA hai| yaha vyaGgyArtha kA bodha karAtA hai| (2/26) vyaJjanA-zabda kI eka shkti| 'zabdabuddhikarmaNAM viramya vyApArAbhAvaH' isa siddhAnta ke anusAra abhidhA, lakSaNA aura tAtparyA vRttiyoM ke apanA-apanA kArya samApta karake virata ho jAne para jisa zakti ke dvArA anya artha kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai, zabda tathA artha Adi kI usa vRtti ko vyaJjanA kahate haiN| 'Adi' pada se prakRti, pratyaya, upasarga Adi kA bodha hotA hai-viratAsvabhidhAdyAsu yayArtho bodhyate prH| sA vRttirvyaJjanA nAma zabdasyArthAdikasya c| yahI vyaJjanA dhvanana, gamana, pratyAyana Adi saMjJAoM se bhI abhihita hotI hai| abhidhA aura lakSaNA se isakA vaiziSTya yaha bhI hai ki yaha zabda ke sAtha-sAtha artha kI bhI vRtti hai| isa prakAra isake

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183 vyaJjanAsiddhiH vyaJjanAsiddhiH do bheda zAbdIvyaJjanA aura ArthI vyaJjanA haiN| inameM se kisI eka ke vyaJjaka hone para dUsarA usakA sahakArI hotA hai-ekasya vyaJjakatve tadanyasya shkaaritaa| zAbdI vyaJjanA bhI abhidhAmUlA tathA lakSaNAmUlA hone ke kAraNa do prakAra kI hotI hai| artha bhI vAcya, lakSya tathA vyaGgya tIna prakAra kA hotA hai, ataH ArthIvyaJjanA bhI tIna prakAra kI hotI hai| (2/19, 25) vyaJjanAsiddhiH-'zabdabuddhikarmaNAM viramya vyApArAbhAvaH' isa niyama ke anusAra abhidhA, lakSaNA aura tAtparyA vRttiyoM ke apanA-apanA kArya karake vizrAnta ho jAne para rasAdi ke bodha ke lie koI caturtha vRtti avazya hI svIkAra karanI par3atI hai, vahI vyaJjanA hai|| - abhidhA kevala saGketita artha kA bodha karavAkara virata ho jAtI hai, ataH vastu, alaGkAra, rasAdi kA bodha karAne kI usakI sAmarthya nahIM hai| aura phira rasAdi to saGketita ho bhI nahIM sakate, ata: abhidhAvRtti ke dvArA unakA bodha bhI sambhava nahIM hai| kAvya meM prayukta padoM ke dvArA vibhAvAdi kA abhidhAna hotA hai parantu vibhAvAdi kA abhidhAna rasAdi kA abhidhAna nahIM hotA kyoMki ye paraspara bhinna haiN| yadyapi rasAdi tathA zRGgArAdi pada tattat rasa meM saGketita haiM parantu inakA kabhI bhI svazabda se abhidhAna nahIM kiyA jAtA aura yadi kahIM aisA ho to use doSakoTi meM ginA jAtA hai balki kahIM-kahIM svazabda se abhidhAna hone para bhI rasAdi kI pratIti nahIM hotii| rasa to svayaMprakAza hai, ataH ise abhidhA jaisI vRtti ke dvArA bodhya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| abhihitAnvayavAdiyoM ke dvArA svIkRta tAtparya nAmaka vRtti bhI padArthoM ke paraspara sambandha ko bodhita karake kSINa ho jAtI hai, ataH usase bhI vyaGgyArtha kA bodha nahIM karAyA jA sakatA punarapi AcArya dhanika ne vyaJjanA ko tAtparya ke sImAvistAra meM hI samAhita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai kyoMki tAtparya koI tarAjU para taulI huI vastu nahIM hai| ise yAvatkAryaprasArI, arthAt jitane se prayojana siddha na ho jAye vahIM taka prasRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: usase vyatirikta koI vyaJjakatva athavA dhvani mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai parantu zabdabuddhikarmaNAM viramya vyApArAbhAvaH ke siddhAnta ko mAnane vAle AcAryoM ko AcArya dhanika kA yaha mata svIkArya nahIM ho skaa|

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vyaJjanAsiddhiH 184 vyaJjanAsiddhiH isI tarka ke AdhAra para una AcAryoM ke mata kA bhI khaNDana ho jAtA hai jo abhidhA ke vyApAra ko hI dIrghadIrghatara mAnakara vyaJjanA ke kSetra ko usI meM samAhita kara dete haiM- so'yamiSoriva dIrghadIrghataro'bhidhAvyApAraH / dUsare, yadi vyaJjanA abhidhA kA hI dIrghadIrghatara vyApAra hai to lakSaNA kI bhI kyA AvazyakatA hai, vaha bhI abhidhA kA hI dIrgha vyApAra ho sakatA hai / tIsare, 'brAhmaNa! putraste jaatH'| athavA 'kanyA te garbhiNI' Adi vAkyoM se utpanna harSa aura zoka kI pratIti ko bhI abhidhA kA hI dIrghadIrghatara vyApAra kyoM na mAna liyA jaaye| aisI sthiti meM to harSazokAdi bhI vAcya ho jaayeNge| isalie mImAMsakoM kA yaha mata abhinandanIya nahIM hai| anya anvitAbhidhAnavAdI mImAMsaka 'yatparaH zabdaH sa zabdArthaH ' isa nyAya ke AdhAra para vyaGgya ko abhidheya hI mAnate haiN| unakA yaha kathana hai ki pauruSeya aura apauruSeya sabhI vAkya kAryaparaka hote haiM kyoMki aisA na hone para unmattapralApa kI taraha unakI koI upAdeyatA hI na rhegii| isa dRSTi se kAvya ke vaktA aura zrotA kI pravRtti kA phala niratizaya AnandAnubhava ke atirikta aura kucha pratIta nahIM hotaa| isalie sabhI kAvyavAkyoM kA tAtparya bhI niratizaya sukhAsvAdarUpa hI mAnA jAnA cAhie / AcArya vizvanAtha ne isa mata kA do vikalpoM ke dvArA khaNDana kiyA hai| isa nyAya meM 'tatparatva' pada kA artha yadi tadarthatva mAnA jAye to isakA siddhAntI se koI virodha nahIM kyoMki vyaGgya hone para bhI tadarthatva kA apAya nahIM hotaa| vyaJjanA vRtti ke dvArA pratIyamAna niratizaya AnandarUpa artha bhI tadartha ho hI sakatA hai| dUsare vikalpa ke anusAra tatparatva kA artha tAtparyavRttyA tadbodhakatva ho sakatA hai| isa vyAkhyAna ke anusAra tAtparyavRtti yadi vahI pUrvavivecita abhihitAnvayavAdiyoM kI hI hai to usakA khaNDana pahale hI kiyA jA cukA hai aura yadi yaha abhidhA, lakSaNA aura tAtparyA se vyatirikta koI turIya vRtti hai to vivAda kA koI prazna hI nahIM / antara kevala nAmamAtra kA hai, hama jise vyaJjanA kahate haiM, use hI Apa tAtparya nAmaka caturtha vRtti mAnate haiN| tAtparyazakti ke hI dvArA vibhAvAdisaMsarga aura rasAdi kA prakAzana,

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vyaJjanAsiddhiH 185 vyaJjanAsiddhiH ye dAnoM kArya yugapat bhI nahIM ho sakate kyoMki vibhAvAdi kAraNa aura rasAdi usake kArya haiN| isakA pramANa bharatamuni kA prasiddha rasasUtra haivibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAdrasaniSpatti: / kAryakAraNa kI sthiti dAyeM aura bAyeM sIMga kI taraha yugapat nahIM ho sakatI, ataH yaha mata bhI zraddheya nahIM hai| gaGgAyAM ghoSaH ityAdi sthaloM meM lakSaNA sAmIpyasambandha se taTarUpa artha kA bodha karAkara virata ho cukI hai, ataH zaityapAvanatvAdi prayojana ke bodha ke lie caturtha vRtti ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hI hai| dUsare, abhidhA aura lakSaNA pUrvasiddha vastu kA hI bodha karAtI haiN| gaGgA pada ke abhidheya aura lakSya jalapravAha aura taTarUpa donoM hI artha pUrvataH siddha haiM parantu rasa pada kA pratipAdya koI padArtha pramANasiddha nahIM hai, yaha kevala rasanAtmaka vyApAra kA hI bodhaka hai - prAgasattvAdrasAdena bodhike lkssnnaabhidhe| tIsare, rasAdi kI pratIti meM mukhyArtha kA bAdha bhI niyata nahIM hai parantu lakSaNA tabhI hotI hai jaba padoM ke saGketita artha kA anvaya upapanna nahIM ho paataa| jala pravAha ghoSa kA adhikaraNa nahIM ho sakatA, ataH lakSaNA se taTarUpa artha upasthita hotA hai parantu zUnyaM vAsagRham Adi meM mukhyArtha kA bAdha hI nahIM hotA yahA~ lakSaNa kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai - kiJca mukhyArthabAdhasya virahAdapi lakSaNA (na bodhikA) / isake samarthana meM udayanAcArya kI nyA. ku. se eka kArikA uddhRta kI jAtI hai - zrutAnvayAdanAkAMkSaM na vAkyaM hyanyadicchati / padArthAnvayavaidhuryAttadAkSiptena saGgatiH / / ataH gaGgAyAM ghoSaH ityAdi sthaloM meM prayojana ko yadi lakSya mAnA jAye to phira tIra ko gaGgApada kA mukhyArtha mAnanA hogA / punaH usa mukhyArtha kA bAdha bhI honA cAhie jabaki ye donoM hI sthitiyA~ lAgU nahIM hotIM / punaH prayojanavatI lakSaNA kA kucha na kucha prayojana bhI avazya hotA hai, zaityapAvanatva kI pratIti yadi lakSya hai to usakA prayojanAntara bhI avazya honA caahie| vaha prayojana bhI yadi lakSya ho to usake kisI anya prayojana kI bhI sambhAvanA karanI hogI, isa prakAra anavasthA hI utpanna ho jAyegI / ataH gaGgA pada kI prayojanaviziSTa tIra artha meM lakSaNA bhI nahIM ho sakatI

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186 vyaJjanAsiddhiH vyaJjanAsiddhiH kyoMki tIra gaGgApada kA viSaya hai aura zaityapAvanatvAdi usake prayojana aura ina dAnoM kA yugapat jJAna sambhava nahIM hai| prathama gaGgApada kI tIra artha meM lakSaNA hotI hai, punaH vyaJjanA ke dvArA zaityapAvanatva kI prtiiti| yahI bAta svayaM mImAMsaka aura naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta meM mAnya hai| mImAMsaka vastu kA pratyakSa hone ke anantara hI usameM jJAtatA nAmaka dharma kI utpatti mAnate haiM tathA nyAyamata meM bhI ghaTajJAna ke anantara hI 'jJAto ghaTaH' ityAkAraka anuvyavasAyAtmaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai| ataH gaGgAyAM ghoSaH ityAdi sthaloM meM bhI lakSaNA aura prayojana kI yugapat sthiti mAnya nahIM hai, ataH prayojana ke jJAna ke lie turIya vRtti ko mAnanA anivArya hai| ___ vyaktivivekakAra AcArya mahimabhaTTa ne rasAdi kI pratIti ko anumeya mAnA hai| unake anusAra vibhAvAdi kI pratIti rasAdi kI pratIti kA sAdhana mAnI gayI hai kyoMki vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArIbhAva hI ratyAdi sthAyIbhAvoM ke kAraNa, kArya aura sahakArI haiN| ataeva ye anumAna se rasAdi kA bodha karAte hue rasAdi ko niSpanna karate haiN| isa anumAnapUrvaka AsvAdanIyatA ko prApta hokara vahI rasa kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra unakI pratIti meM eka krama avazya A jAtA hai, yadyapi vaha saMlakSya nahIM hotaa| anumAna kI yaha prakriyA isa prakAra banatI hai-sItA rAmaviSayakaratimatI, tasmin smitakaTAkSAdimattvAt, yA naivaM sA naivaM yathA mnthraa| parantu naiyAyikoM kI isa anumAna prakriyA se zabdoM athavA abhinaya Adi se anumita rAmAdi ke anurAga kA jJAna hI yadi rasa ke rUpa meM abhimata ho to vivAda kA koI prazna hI nahIM hai kyoMki sAhityika sampradAya meM ise rasa mAnA hI nahIM gyaa| yahA~ to rasa ko svayaMprakAza (jise kisI dUsare pramANa se siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA) tathA AnandarUpa mAnA jAtA hai| use anumeya to isalie bhI siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki hetu ke dUSita hone ke kAraNa usakI vyApti hI nahIM bana paatii| yatra yatraivaMvidhAnAM vibhAvAnubhAvasAttvikasaJcAriNAmabhidhAnamabhinayo vA tatra tatra zRGgArAdirasAvirbhAvaH, isa prakAra kI vyApti se rAmAdi ke anurAga kA to jJAna ho sakatA hai parantu svayaMprakAzarUpa tathA AnandAtmaka, sAmAjikoM ke hRdaya meM sthita rasa kA anumAna nahIM ho sakatA, ataH sAdhya kI siddhi na kara pAne ke kAraNa yaha vastutaH hetvAbhAsa hai| prathama anumAna

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187 vyaJjanAsiddhiH vyaJjanAsiddhiH se rAmAdi ke anurAga kA jJAna tathA puna: dvitIya anumAna (ayaM sAmAjika: zRGgArarasavAn rAmAdigatAnurAgajJAnavattvAt, sAmAjikAntaravat) se rasAdi kI anumiti bhI sambhava nahIM kyoMki isakI vyApti, yatra yatra rAmAdigatAnurAgajJAnaM tatra tatra rasotpattiH, bhI sarvathA nirduSTa nahIM hai kyoMki rAmAdi ke anurAga kA jJAna prApta karake bhI saMskArahIna loga rasAnubhUti nahIM kara pAte tathA raGgabhavana meM kASThakuDyAzma ke samAna sthita rahate haiN| isake atirikta AcArya mahimabhaTTa ne jo bhrama dhArmika0 Adi padyoM meM pratIyamAna vastu tathA jalakeli0 ityAdi padyoM meM rUpakAlaGkArAdi kI anumeyatA pratipAdita kI hai, vaha bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai| unakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki liGga (hetu) se liGgI (sAdhya) kA jJAna karanA hI anumAna hai parantu yaha liGga pakSa (sandigdhasAdhyavAn yathA parvata) tathA sapakSa (nizcita sAdhyavAn yathA mahAnasa) meM avazya vartamAna rahatA hai parantu vipakSa (nizcita sAdhyAbhAvavAn yathA sarovara) meM usakA abhAva rahatA hai| dUsarI ora vAcya se sarvathA asambaddha artha bhI pratIta nahIM hotA, anyathA to atiprasaGga hI upasthita ho jaayegaa| ata: bodhya aura bodhaka meM koI na koI sambandha avazya rahatA hai| isa prakAra bodhaka artha liGga arthAt hetu huA aura bodhya artha usakA saadhy| isa hetu kA pakSasattva to pratipAdita kiyA hI, sapakSasattva aura vipakSavyAvRtti yadi na bhI pratipAdita ho to sAmarthyavaza unakA AkSepa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie vAcyArtharUpa hetu se vyaGgyArtharUpa sAdhya kA avagama anumAna meM hI paryavasita hotA hai| isa prakriyA se bhrama dhArmika0 Adi padya meM vyaGgyArtha ke anumAna kI prakriyA yaha hogI-dhArmikaH siMhavad godAvarItIrAbhramaNavAn, bhIrubhramaNavattvAt, anybhiiruvt| isakI vyApti yaha hogI-yadyadbhIrubhramaNaM tttdbhykaarnnaanupbdhipuurvkm| parantu isa prakriyA meM hetu ke anaikAntika hone ke kAraNa yaha vastutaH hetvAbhAsa hai| godAvarI ke kinAre dhArmika ke bhramaNa kA niSedha isalie anumeya hotA hai ki vaha bhIru hai parantu bhIru vyakti bhI guru athavA prabhu kI AjJA se athavA priyAdi ke anurAga se bhayayukta sthala para jAtA hI hai aura phira siMhopalabdhi kulaTA kA vaktavya hai jisakA prAmANya asandigdha nahIM hai| isalie yaha anumAna siddha nahIM hotaa|

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vyaJjanAsiddhiH 188 vyaJjanAsiddhiH jalakeli0 ityAdi padya meM svadarzana se cakravAkoM kA viyoga aura adarzana se unakA saMyoga karA dene ke kAraNa rAdhA ke mukha meM candra kA anumAna hotA hai parantu isa prakAra kA viyoga athavA saMyoga anya kisI trAsaka pakSI Adi hetu se bhI upapanna ho sakatA hai, ata: yaha hetu bhI anaikAntika hone ke kAraNa hetvAbhAsa kI koTi meM AtA hai| 'evaMdhio'rtha evaMvidhArthabodhaka evaM vidhArthatvAt, yannaivaM tannaivam' ityAdi anumAna kI prakriyAoM meM hetu ke pratipAdaka zabdoM se kabhI aniSTArtha bhI liyA jA sakatA hai, ve kisI nizcita artha ke nizcita rUpa se vAcaka nahIM hote, ata: unheM sadhetu nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dRSTiM he prativezini0 ityAdi padyoM meM nalagranthiyoM ke dvArA deha meM kharoMca par3ane aura akele nadI meM jAne rUpa hetu se parakAmukopabhogarUpa liGgI kA anumAna hotA hai parantu isa prakAra kA gamana apane pati ke snehavaza bhI ho sakatA hai, isalie yaha bhI anaikAntika hetu hai| ___ nizzeSacyutacandana0 Adi padya se jo dUtI kA kAmuka ke sAtha sambhoga anumita hotA hai, vaha vyAkhyA bhI nirdaSTa nahIM hai| yadi anumitivAdI ke mata meM yaha anumAna padya meM pratipAdya dUtI athavA usa samaya sannihita anya vyaktiyoM ko ho rahA ho to usameM vivAda kA avakAza hI nahIM hai, pratyuta sahRdaya sAmAjika haiM aura unake viSaya meM anumAna kI yaha prakriyA isalie nahIM ghaTAyI jA sakatI ki ina zabdoM kA prayoga hone para sarvatra yaha vyaGgya abhipreta nahIM hotaa| ata: jahA~ vaktA kA aisA abhiprAya na ho vahA~ bhI isakA vyabhicAra hone lgegaa| isalie isakI vyApti nahIM bana sktii| isa prakAra ke sthaloM meM yadi vaktA athavA usake mukhAdi kI AkRtivizeSa ko hetu banAyA jAye to usapara AcArya vizvanAtha kA yaha uttara hai ki aisI mukhAdi kI viziSTa dazAoM ko zabda se upasthita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ataH unake sAtha hetu ko vizeSita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ____ satya to yaha hai ki kavi kI pratibhA se prasUta kAvyoM ke viSaya meM prAmANya sadA sandigdha hI hotA hai, ataH hetu sadA hI sandigdha banA rhegaa| vyaJjanAvAdI 'adhama' Adi padoM kI sahAyatA se hI padya meM prayukta anya

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vyatirekaH 189 vyatirekaH padoM ke arthoM meM vyaJjakatva mAnatA hai parantu kavi ke kaha dene mAtra se hI vaha kAnta adhama nahIM ho jaataa| ataH kAvyAnubhUti ke sandarbha meM anumAna kI kalpanA karanA hAsyAspada hI hai| isa prakAra jaba vyaGgyArtha kA anumAna hI nahIM ho sakatA to arthApatti se usakA bodhya honA to svata: hI nirasta ho jAtA hai kyoMki arthApatti bhI vyAptijJAna ke AdhAra para hI pravRtta hotI hai| vastravikrayAdi meM tarjanI ko dikhAkara jo dazAdi kI saMkhyA ko sUcita kiyA jAtA hai, vyaGgyArtha ko isa prakAra se sUcita bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki yaha sUcanabuddhi bhI saGketAdi laukika pramANoM kI apekSA rakhatI hai, arthAt isa prakAra kA sUcana vahIM hotA hai jahA~ pahale se hI loka meM saGketa prasiddha hotA hai, isa prakAra yaha bhI eka prakAra kA anumAna hI hai| saMskArajanya hone ke kAraNa rasAdi ko smRti bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki pratyabhijJA bhI saMskArajanya hotI hai, ataH yaha hetu bhI anaikAntika hone ke kAraNa dUSita hai| durgAlaGgita0 ityAdi padya meM jo AcArya mahimabhaTTa ne vyaGgyArtha kA niSedha kiyA hai vaha gajanimIlikA hI hai kyoMki usakA dvitIya artha anubhavasiddha hai aura usakA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra vyaJjanAnAmaka turIyavRtti ko mAnanA anivArya ho jAtA hai kyoMki rasAdi kI anubhUti anubhavasiddha hai aura usakA na to abhidhA, lakSaNA athavA tAtparyA meM antarbhAva dikhAyA jA sakatA hai aura na hI anumAna athavA arthApatti pramANoM se vaha bodhya ho sakatI hai| vidvAnoM ne isa turyAvRtti ko vyaJjanA kA nAma diyA hai| vyatireka:- eka arthAlaGkAra / upameya ke upamAna se Adhikya athavA nyUnatA ke varNana meM vyatireka alaGkAra hotA hai- AdhikyamupameyasyopamAnAnnyUnatAthavA / vyatireka:... / / yathA - akalaGkaM mukhaM tasyA na kalaGkI vidhuryathA /

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190 vyabhicArIbhAvaH vyabhicArIbhAvaH upameya ke Adhikya tathA upamAna kI nyUnatA kA kAraNa yadi zabda se kaha diyA gayA ho, na kahA gayA ho, kevala upameya ke Adhikya kA kAraNa kahA gayA ho athavA kevala upamAna ke Adhikya kA kAraNa kahA gayA ho, isa cAra prakAra ke vyatireka meM upamAnopameyabhAva kA kathana kahIM zabda se hotA hai, kahIM arthataH labhya hotA hai to kahIM AkSepa se gamya hotA hai| isa prakAra isake bAraha bheda bana jAte haiM jo zleSa se yukta athavA rahita hone ke kAraNa 24 prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| itane hI bheda upamAna ke Adhikya tathA upameya kI nyUnatA ke kathana meM bhI hote haiN| isa prakAra vyatireka ke kula 48 bheda niSpanna hote haiN| (10/71) / vyabhicArIbhAvaH-rasa kA eka angg| jo vizeSa rUpa se abhimukha hokara sthAyIbhAva ke prati saJcaraNa kareM, ve vyabhicArI kahe jAte haiM-vizeSAdAbhimukhyena crnnaadvybhicaarinnH| sthAyinyunmagnanirmagnAstrayastriMzacca tdbhidaaH|| ye citta ke kSaNika bhAva haiM jo samudra meM laharoM kI taraha sthAyIbhAva meM AvirbhUta aura tirobhUta hote rahate haiN| ye ratyAdi sthAyIbhAva, jo zRGgArAdi ke rUpa meM anubhUti kA viSaya banate haiM, ke sahakArikAraNa haiN| AcArya bharata ke dvArA pravartita paramparA kA pAlana karate hue vizvanAtha ne bhI inakI saMkhyA 33 hI svIkAra kI hai-nirveda, Avega, dainya, zrama, mada, jaDatA, ugratA, moha, vibodha, svapna, apasmAra, garva, maraNa, alasatA, amarSa, nidrA, avahittthA, autsukya, unmAda, zaGkA, smRti, mati, vyAdhi, santrAsa, lajjA, harSa, asUyA, viSAda, dhRti, capalatA, glAni, cintA aura vitrk| yadi koI sthAyIbhAva bhI kisI rasa ke bIca meM utpanna hokara lIna ho jAye to vaha bhI vahA~ vyabhicArIbhAva ho jAtA hai| zRGgAra kA sthAyIbhAva rati hai parantu usake madhya hI yadi hAsa nAmaka sthAyIbhAva utpanna hokara vilIna ho jAye to vaha bhI usa sthAna para vyabhicArI kahA jaayegaa| nidarzana ke rUpa meM zRGgAra aura vIra meM hAsa, vIra meM krodha, zAnta meM jugupsA vyabhicAritva ko prApta ho sakate haiN| kisI kAraNa se kisI pAtra vizeSa meM sthira hokara bhI unmAdAdi vyabhicArIbhAva sthAyI nahIM ho sakate kyoMki ye kisI pAtra

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vyavasAyaH 191 vyAjastutiH meM Adyanta sthira nahIM rahate / yathA vi.u. ke caturtha aGka meM urvazI ke latArUpa meM pariNata ho jAne para pururavA kA unmAda dUra taka sthira rahA parantu vaha usakA sthAyI svabhAva nahIM hai- kuto'pi kAraNAtkvApi sthiratAmupayannapi / unmAdAdirna tu sthAyI na pAtre sthairyameti yat / / isa prakAra vyabhicArI bhAva citta kI kSaNika vRttiyA~ haiN| (3/147-48) vyavasAya:- vimarzasandhi kA eka aGga / pratijJA aura hetu se sambhUta artha ko vyavasAya kahate haiM - vyavasAyazca vijJeyaH pratijJAhetusambhavaH / ve.saM. meM bhIma kA " nihatAzeSakauravyaH kSIboduHzAsanAsRjA / bhaGktvA duryodhanasyorvorbhImo'yaM zirasA nataH / / " yaha kathana isakA udAharaNa hai| duryodhana kA UrubhaGga bhIma kI pratijJA tathA azeSa kauravoM ko cUrNita karanA usakA sAdhaka hetu hai| ina donoM se sambhUta hone ke kAraNa yahA~ vyavasAya nAmaka sandhyaGga hai| (6/112) vyAghAtaH-eka arthAlaGkAra / jo vastu kisI eka ne eka prakAra se siddha kI ho aura koI anya vyakti use usI prakAra se viparIta siddha kara de to yaha vyAghAta nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai- vyAghAtaH sa tu kenApi vastu yena yathAkRtam / tenaiva cedupAyena kurute'nyastadanyathA / / yathA dRzA dagdhaM manasijaM jIvayanti dRzaiva yAH / virUpAkSasya jayinIstAH stumo vAmalocanAH / / zaGkara ne jisa dRSTi se kAmadeva ko bhasma kiyA thA, kAminiyoM ne usI dRSTi se use punarjIvita kara diyaa| yadi koI sugamatA se kisI kArya ko ulaTa de to bhI vyAghAta hI hotA hai - saukaryeNa ca kAryasya viruddhaM kriyate yadi / yathA - ihaiva tvaM tiSTha drutamahamahobhiH katipayaiH samAgantA kAnte mRdurasi na cAyAsasahanA / mRdutvaM mehetuH subhaga ! bhavatA gantumadhikaM, na mRdvI soDhA yad virhkRtmaayaasmshm|| yahA~ nAyaka ne nAyikA kI jisa mRdutA ko sAtha na le jAne kA tarka banAyA thA, nAyikA ne usI tarka ko sAtha jAne kA prabalatara hetu banA liyA hai| (10/97-98) vyAjastuti:- eka arthAlaGkAra / yadi nindA ke vAcya hone para stuti ( vyAjena stuti:) vyaGgya ho aura stuti ke vAcya hone para nindA ( vyAjarUpA

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vyAjoktiH 192 vyAyogaH stutiH) vyaGgya ho to vyAjastuti nAmaka alaGkAra hotA hai-nindAstutibhyAM vAcyAbhyAM gamyatve stutinindyoH| isake ina donoM rUpoM ke udAharaNa kramazaH isa prakAra haiM-stanayugamuktAbharaNAH kaNTakakalitAGgayaSTayo dev| tvayi kupite'pi prAgiva vizvastA dvistriyo jaataaH|| tathA, vyAjastutistava payoda mayoditeyaM yajjIvanAya jagatastava jiivnaani| stotraM tu te mahadidaM ghana dharmarAjasAhAyyamarjayasi ytpthikaannihty|| (10/78) ____ vyAjoktiH -eka arthaalngkaar| prakaTa huI vastu kA kisI bahAne se chupAnA vyAjokti kahalAtA hai-vyAjoktirgopanaM vyAjAdudbhinnasyApi vstunH| yathA-zailendrapratipAdyamAnagirijAhastopagUDhollasad, romAJcAdi visNsthulaakhilvidhivyaasnggbhnggaakulH| AH zaityaM tuhinAcalasya karayorityUcivAn sasmitaM, zailAnta:puramAtRmaNDalagaNairdRSTo'vatAd vaH shivH|| vivAhasaMskAra ke samaya pArvatI ke karasparza se hone vAle romAJca ko chipAne ke lie ziva ne "himAcala meM bahuta zaitya hai" aisA kahA parantu ha~sate hue mAtRmaNDala ke dvArA ve dekha liye gye| yahA~ upameya kA kathana nahIM hai, isalie prathama apahanuti nahIM ho sktii| dvitIya apahanuti meM to goptA gopya vastu kA svayaM kathana kara detA hai, phira chipAtA hai| yahA~ aisI bAta nahIM hai| (10/120) vyAdhiH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| vAta, pitta aura kapha ke sannipAta se jvara Adi kA honA vyAdhi kahA jAtA hai| yaha jvara yadi sadAha ho to bhUmi para leTane Adi kI icchA hotI hai aura yadi sazIta ho to kampa Adi hote haiN-vyaadhivraadivaataadyairbhuumiicchotkmpnaadikRt| (3/171) vyAdhiH-pUrvarAga meM kAma kI aSTama dshaa| dIrgha nizvAsa, pANDutA, kRzatA Adi vyAdhi kahe jAte haiM-vyAdhistu diirghnishvaaspaannddutaakRshtaadyH| yathA-pANDukSAmaM vadanaM hRdayaM sarasaM tavAlasaM ca vpuH| Avedayati nitAntaM kSetriyarogaM sakhi ! hRdntH|| yahA~ nAyikA kA pANDukSAma vadana, sarasa hRdaya, alasAyA huA zarIra usakI asAdhya vyAdhi kI sUcanA detA hai| (3/197) vyAyogaH-rUpaka kA eka bhed| eka aGka kI isa vidhA meM garbha aura vimarza sandhiyA~ nahIM hotiiN| yuddha kA varNana hotA hai parantu usakA kAraNa strI

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193 vrIDA vyAhatatvam nahIM hotii| strIpAtra atyalpa tathA puruSa pAtra bahuta adhika hote haiN| nAyaka prakhyAta, dhIroddhata, rAjarSi athavA divya koTi kA pAtra hotA hai| kyoMki strIpAtroM kI saMkhyA kama hotI hai, ata: kaizikI vRtti kA prayoga nahIM hotA tathA hAsya, zRGgAra evaM zAnta ke atirikta koI rasa aGgI hotA hai-khyAtetivRtto vyAyogaH svlpstriijnsNyutH| hIno garbhavimarzAbhyAM nrairbhubhiraashritH| ekAGkazca bhvedstriinimittsmrodyH| kaizikIvRttirahita: prakhyAtastatra naaykH| rAjarSiratha divyo vA bhaveddhIroddhatazca sH| hAsyazRGgArazAntebhya itare'trAGgino rsaaH|| isakA udAharaNa saugandhikAharaNa hai| (6/256) vyAhatatvam-eka kaavydoss| pahale kisI vastu kA utkarSa athavA apakarSa dikhAkara phira usake viparIta kathana karanA vyAhata doSa hai| yathA-haranti hRdayaM yUnAM na nvenduklaadyH| vIkSyate yairiyaM tanvI loklocncndrikaa|| yahA~ pahale nUtana candramA kI kalA kA apakarSa dyotita karake punaH kAminI meM candrikAtva kA Aropa karake usakA utkarSa batAyA gayA hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) ___ vyAhAraH-eka viithyngg| kisI anya kA prayojana siddha karane ke lie hAsya athavA kSobhakAraka vANI kA prayoga vyAhAra kahA jAtA hai-vyAhAro yatparasyArthe hAsyakSobhakaraM vcH| yathA mA.a. nATaka meM nRtya kA pradarzana karake jAtI huI mAlavikA ko vidUSaka use rAjA ko dikhAne ke nimitta hAsyakAraka vacanoM kA prayoga karake kucha samaya roka letA hai| (6/274) vrajyA-sajAtIya padyoM kA ekatra sNnivesh| koza Adi meM paraspara nirapekSa sajAtIya padyoM kA eka sthAna para saMniveza vrajyA kahA jAtA hai-sajAtIyAnAmekatra saMnivezo vrjyaa| (6/309) vrIDA-eka vybhicaariibhaav| durAcAra Adi akArya ke karane se utpanna hone vAlA lajjA kA bhAva vrIDA hai| isameM mukha nIcA ho jAtA hai, isIlie ise dhRSTatA kA abhAvarUpa kahA gayA hai-dhASAbhAvo vrIDA vadanAnamanAdikRd duraacaaraat| yathA-mayi sakapaTaM kiJcitkvApi praNItavilocane kimapi nayanaM prApte tirygvijRmbhittaarkm| smitamupagatAmAlI dRSTvA salajjamavAJcitaM kuvalayadRzaH smeraM smeraM smarAmi tdaannm|| (3/173)

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zakAra: 194 zabdAlaGkAraH zakAra:- rAjA kA shaayk| madAndha, mUrkha, abhimAnI, nIca kula meM utpanna, sampatti se yukta, nAyaka kI avivAhitA patnI kA bhAI, ataeva rAjA kA sAlA zakAra kahA jAtA hai-madamUrkhatAbhimAnI duSkulataizvaryasaMyuktaH / so'yamanUr3hA bhrAtA rAjJaH zyAlaH zakAra ityuktaH 11 (3 /53) zakti :- vimarzasandhi kA eka aGga / virodha ke prazamana ko zakti kahate haiM- zaktiH punarbhavedvirodhasya prazamanam / isakA udAharaNa ve.saM. kA yaha padya hai - kurvantvAptA hatAnAM raNazirasi narA vahnisAddehabhArAn, anairmizraM kathaJciddadatu jalamamI bAndhavA bAndhavebhyaH / mArgantAM jJAtidehAn hatanaragahane khaNDitAn gRdhrakAkaiH, astaM bhAsvAnprayAtaH saha ripubhirayaM saMhriyantAM balAni / / (6/115) zaGkA - eka vyabhicArIbhAva / apane aniSTa ke viSaya meM sandeha kA nAma zaGkA hai jo dUsare kI krUratA athavA apane kisI doSa ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| isake dvArA vivarNatA, kampana, svarabhaGga honA, idhara-udhara dekhanA, mukha kA sUkhanA Adi hotA hai - parakrauryAtmadoSAdyaiH zaGkAnarthasya tarkaNam / vaivarNyakampavaisvarya pArvAlokAsyazoSakRt / / yathAprANezena prahitanakhareSvaGgakeSu kSapAnte, jAtAtaGkA racayati ciraM candanAlepanAni / dhatte lAkSAmasakRdadhare dattadantAvaghAte, kSAmAGgIyaM cakitamabhitazcakSuSI vikSipantI / isa padya meM priya ke dvArA diye gaye dantakSata tathA nakhakSata ko chupAne kA prayAsa karatI huI nAyikA kI zaGkA varNita huI hai| (3/168) zaTha:- nAyaka kA eka bheda / jo vastutaH eka nAyikA se prema kare parantu bAhara se donoM nAyikAoM ke prati prema pradarzita kare tathA pracchanna rUpa se dUsarI nAyikA kA apriya kare, vaha zaTha nAyaka hotA hai - zaTho'yamekatra baddhabhAvo yH| darzitabahiranurAgo vipriyamanyatra gUr3hamAcarati / yathA - zaThAnyasyAH kAJcImaNiraNitamAkarNya sahasA, yadAzliSyanneva prazithilabhujagranthirabhavaH / tadetatkvAcakSe dhRtamadhumayatvAdbahuvaco - viSeNAghUrNantI kimapi na sakhI me gaNayati / / (3/45) zabdAlaGkAraH-alaGkAra kA eka bheda / jahA~ zabda kA parivartana kara

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zamaH 195 zAntaH dene para alaGkAra naSTa ho jAye, vaha zabdAlaGkAra hotA hai kyoMki yahA~ alaGkAra kA saundarya kisI zabdavizeSa para hI avalambita hotA hai| sA.da. meM ina zabdAlaGkAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai-anuprAsa, yamaka, vakrokti, bhASAsama, zleSa, citra, prahelikA (khnnddnprk)| zama:-zAntarasa kA sthaayiibhaav| icchAoM ke samApta ho jAne tathA antaHkaraNa ke pUrNa vizrAnta ho jAne para prApta hone vAlA sukha zama kahA jAtA hai-zamo nirIhAvasthAyAM svAtmavizrAmajaM sukhm| (3/186) zAnta:-eka rs| zama nAmaka sthAyIbhAva jaba vibhAvAdi ke dvArA puSTa hokara anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai to zAnta nAmaka rasa hotA hai| anityatva, du:khamayatvAdi ke rUpa meM saMsAra kI asAratA kA jJAna athavA paramAtmA kA svarUpa usakA Alambana tathA puNyAzrama, harikSetra, tIrtha, ramya vana, mahApuruSoM kI saGgati Adi uddIpana hote haiN| romAJcAdi isake anubhAva tathA nirveda, harSa, smRti, mati, bhUtadayA isake vyabhicArIbhAva hote haiN| isakA varNa kundapuSpa ke samAna tathA devatA zrInArAyaNa haiM-zAntaH zamasthAyibhAva uttmprkRtirmtH| kundendudhavalacchAyaH shriinaaraaynndaivtH| anityatvAdinAzeSavastuniHsAratA tu yaa| paramAtmasvarUpaM vA tsyaalmbnmissyte| punnyaashrmhrikssetrtiirthrmyvnaadyH| mhaapurusssnggaadyaastsyoddiipnruupinnH| romAJcAdyAzcAnubhAvAstathA syurvybhicaarinnH| nirvedhrsssmrnnmtirbhuutdyaadyH|| yathA-rathyAntazcaratastathA dhRtjrtknyaalvsyaadhvgaiH| satrAsaM ca sakautukaM ca sadayaM dRSTasya tairnaagraiH| nirvyAjIkRtacitsudhArasamudA nidrAyamANasya me| niHzaGkaH karaTaH kadA karapuTIbhikSAM vilunntthissyti|| isa padya meM azeSavastuniHsAratA Alambana, nAgaroM ke dvArA ukta rUpa meM dekhA jAnA uddIpana, bhikSArtha bhramaNAdi anubhAva tathA romAJca, harSAdi vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| zAnta ke sarvathA nirahaGkArarUpa hone ke kAraNa dayAvIra Adi tathA devAdiviSayA rati Adi meM isakA antarbhAva nahIM ho sktaa| jImUtavAhana Adi meM malayavatIviSayaka prema vidyamAna rahatA hai, anta meM vaha vidyAdharoM kA sAmrAjya bhI prApta karatA hai, ataH usakA dehAbhimAna pUrNa rUpa se zAnta

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zApajanyapravAsaH 196 zuddhAlakSaNA nahIM huaa| dayAvIrAdi yadi sarvathA ahaGkArarahita ho jAyeM to unakA zAnta meM antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| duHkha, sukha, cintA, dveSa, rAga, icchA sabake samApta ho jAne para hI zAnta rasa hotA hai| zAnta dazA meM sukha ke abhAva se tAtparya hai viSayoM ke sukha kA abhAva parantu yaha zama mokSa dazA vAlA zama nahIM hotA, ataeva saJcArI Adi bhAvoM kI sthiti yahA~ bana jAtI hai| yukta, viyakta aura yuktaviyukta dazA meM avasthita zama hI zAnta rasa ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| (3/232) zApajanyapravAsa:-pravAsavipralambha kA eka prkaar| kisI zApa ke kAraNa nAyaka ke anya deza meM cale jAne para jo vipralambha hotA hai, use zApajanya viyoga kahate haiN| meghadUtAdi isake udAharaNa haiN| (3/210) zAbdIvyaJjanA-vyaJjanA kA eka bhed| vyaJjanA kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha zabda aura artha donoM kA vyApAra hai| zabda jisa vyApAra se vyaGgyArtha kI pratIti karAtA hai use zAbdI vyaJjanA kahate haiN| yaha do prakAra kI hai-abhidhAmUlA aura lakSaNAmUlA-abhidhAlakSaNAmUlA zabdasya vyaJjanA dvidhaa| (2/20) zilpakam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| isameM cAra aGka tathA cAroM vRttiyA~ hotI haiM aura zmazAna Adi kA varNana avazya hotA hai| isakA nAyaka brAhmaNa tathA upanAyaka hIna koTi kA hotA hai| zAnta tathA hAsya ke atirikta sabhI rasa hote haiM- catvAraH zilpake'GkAH syuzcatamro vRttystthaa| azAntahAsyAzca rasA nAyako brAhmaNo mtH| varNanAtra zmazAnAdehInaH syaadupnaaykH| isake satAIsa aGga hote haiM-AzaMsA, tarka, sandeha, tApa, udvega, prasakti, prayatna, grathana, utkaNThA, avahittthA, pratipatti, vilAsa, Alasya, vASpa, praharSa, AzvAsa, mUr3hatA, sAdhanA, anugama, ucchvAsa, vismaya, prApti, lAbha, vismRti, sampheTa, vaizAradya, prabodhana aura camatkRti (ye saMkhyA meM aThAIsa banate haiM) isakA udAharaNa kanakavatImAdhava hai| (6/295) zuddhAlakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bhed| cAra prakAra kI sAropA tathA cAra

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197 zRGgAraH zRGgAraH prakAra kI sAdhyavasAnA, yaha ATha prakAra kI lakSaNA sAdRzya se itara kisI sambandha se yukta ho to zuddhA lakSaNA hotI hai-sAdRzyetarasambandhAH zuddhAstAH sakalA api| isa prakAra zuddhA lakSaNA ATha prakAra kI hotI hai- (1) rUDhiupAdApanasAropAzuddhA-azvaH zveto dhaavti| (2) rUr3hilakSaNasAropAzuddhAkaliGgaH puruSo yudhyte| (3) prayojanaupAdAnasAropAzuddhA-ete kuntAH prvishnti| (4) pryojnlkssnnsaaropaashuddhaa-aayurghtm| (5) rUr3hiupAdAnasAdhyavasAnAzuddhA-zveto dhaavti| (6) rUr3hilakSaNasAdhyavasAnAzuddhA-kaliGgaH saahsikH| (7) prayojanaupAdAnasAdhyavasAnAzuddhA-kuntAH prvishnti| (8) prayojanalakSaNasAdhyavasAnAzuddhA-gaGgAyAM ghossH| (2/14) zRGgAraH-eka rs| zRGga zabda kA artha hotA hai kAma kA aGkurita ho jaanaa| gatyartha R se aN pratyaya hokara Ara zabda banatA hai| isa prakAra zRGgAra kA artha hotA hai-kAmabhAva kI praapti| yaha zRGgAra uttama koTi ke yuvaka va yuvatiyoM kA svabhAva hai-zRGga hi mnmthodbhedstdaagmnhetukH| uttamaprakRtiprAyo rasaH zRGgAra issyte| isakA sthAyIbhAva rati hai parantu mAtra kAmAvasthA meM jisa rati kA anubhava hotA hai, usakI pariNati zRGgAra nahIM hai kyoMki vaha to vyabhicArIbhAva hai| yuvaka aura yuvati ke cetanA ke stara para eka ho jAne ko hI sthAyIbhAva kahA jA sakatA hai, jaba sambhoga aura viyoga donoM hI avasthAoM meM milana banA rahatA hai| isakA varNa zyAma hai tathA devatA vissnnu| viSNu ko abhinavagupta ne kAmadeva mAnA hai| paror3hA nAyikA tathA sarvathA anurAgazUnya vezyA ko chor3akara zeSa nAyikAyeM tathA dakSiNa Adi nAyaka isake Alambana hote haiN| candra, candana, bhramaroM kA guJjana Adi isake uddIpana kahe jAte haiN| ugratA, Alasya, maraNa aura jugupsA ke atirikta nirvedAdi unatIsa bhAva isake vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| bhrUvikSepa, kaTAkSAdi isake anubhAva haiM-paror3hAM varjayitvAtra vezyAM caannuraaginniim| AlambanaM nAyikAH syurdakSiNAdyAzca naaykaaH| candracandanarolambarutAdyuddIpanaM mtm| bhrUvikSepakaTAkSAdiranubhAvaH prkiirtitH| tyaktvaugryamaraNAlasyajugupsA vybhicaarinnH| sthAyibhAvo ratiH zyAmavarNo'yaM vissnnudaivtH|| yathA-zUnyaM vAsagRhaM vilokya zayanAduttthAya kiJcicchanairnidrAvyAjamupAgatasya suciraM nirvarNya ptyurmukhm| visrabdhaM paricumbya jAtapulakAmAlokya gaNDasthalI, lajjAnamramukhI priyeNa

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zramaH zokaH 198 hasatA bAlA ciraM cumbitaa| / isa padya meM nAyaka aura nAyikA Alambana, zUnya vAsagRha uddIpana, lajjA aura hAsa vyabhicArIbhAva tathA cumbana anubhAva hai| inake dvArA abhivyakta sahRdayaviSayaka ratibhAva zRGgArarasa ke rUpa ko prApta kara rahA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai - vipralambha aura sambhoga / vipralambha ke punaH cAra bheda haiM- pUrvarAga, mAna, pravAsa aura karuNa / (3/189-92) zoka:- karuNa rasa kA sthAyIbhAva / iSTanAzAdi ke kAraNa citta kA vyAkula ho jAnA zoka kahA jAtA hai- iSTanAzAdibhizcetovaiklavyaM shokshbdbhaak| yaha bhAva mUlataH arthapradhAna hai| iSTa vyakti, putrAdi hI abhyarthanIya hone ke kAraNa artha kahe jAte haiM / ( 3 / 186 ) zobhA-nAyaka kA sAttvika guNa / zUratA, caturatA, satya, mahAn utsAha, anurAgitA, nIca meM ghRNA tathA ucca meM spardhA utpanna karane vAle anta:karaNa ke dharma ko zobhA kahate he zUratAdakSatAsatyaM mahotsAho'nurAgitA / nIce ghRNAdhike spardhA yataH zobheti tAM viduH / / (3/62) zobhA-nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / rUpa, yauvana, lAlitya, bhoga Adi se utpanna aGgoM kI sundaratA zobhA kahI jAtI hai-rUpayauvanalAlityabhogAdyairaGgabhUSaNam / zobhA proktA ... / yathA - asambhRtaM maNDanamaGgayaSTeranAsavAkhyaM karaNaM madasya kAmasya puSpavyatiriktamastraM bAlyAtparaM sAtha vayaH prapede / / isa padya meM yauvana se utpanna zobhA kA varNana hai| (3/107) zobhA - eka nATyalakSaNa / zliSTa vicitra artha vAlI padAvalI meM jahA~ prasiddha artha ke sAtha abhISTa artha bhI prakAzita kiyA jAye, use zobhA kahate haiM - siddhairarthaiH samaM yatrAprasiddho'rthaH prakAzate / zliSTalakSaNacitrArthA sA zobhetyabhidhIyate / yathA sadvaMzasambhavaH zuddhaH koTido'pi guNAnvitaH / kAmaM dhanuriva krUro varjanIyaH satAM prabhuH / / isa padya meM prasiddha dhanuSa ke sAtha aprasiddha krUra vyakti kA zliSTa varNana kiyA gayA hai| (6/173) zramaH - eka vyabhicArIbhAva / rati tathA mArga para calane Adi se utpanna

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zravyam 199 zrutyanuprAsaH hone vAlA kheda zrama kahalAtA hai| yaha dIrghanizvAsa tathA nidrA ko utpanna karatA hai-khedo ratyadhvagatyAde: shvaasnidraadikRcchrmH| yathA-sadyaH purIparisare'pi zirISamRdvI, sItA javAtricaturANi padAni gtvaa| gantavyamasti kiyadityasakRbruvANA, rAmAzruNaH kRtavatI prthmaavtaarm|| isa padya meM zirISapuSpa ke samAna komala aGgoM vAlI sItA ko vanamArga kI ora jAte hue utpanna hone vAle kheda kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jise dekhakara rAma ke netra bhI azrupUrita ho gye| (3/152) zravyam-kAvya kA eka bhed| kAvya kI vaha vidhA jise kevala sunA jA sake, zravya kAvya kahI jAtI hai| yaha padya aura gadya ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hotA hai-zravyaM zrotavyamAnaM tatpadyagadyamayaM dvidhaa| ina donoM kA mizrita rUpa campU bhI zravya kAvya kA tIsarA prakAra hai| (6/301) zrIgaditam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| isameM eka aGka meM kisI prasiddha kathAvastu kA grathana kiyA jAtA hai| garbha aura vimarza sandhiyoM kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| bhAratI vRtti kA bAhulya hotA hai| isakA nAyaka prasiddha aura udAtta hotA hai tathA nAyikA bhI prasiddha hotI hai-prkhyaatvRttmekaakprkhyaatodaattnaaykm| prasiddhanAyikaM garbhavimarzAbhyAM vivrjitm| bhAratIvRttibahulaM prItizabdena sNyutm| mataM zrIgaditaM nAma vidvdbhirupruupkm|| isakA udAharaNa krIDArasAtalam hai| kucha AcAryoM kA yaha kathana hai ki isameM lakSmI kA veza banAkara koI strI kucha gAtI hai, ataH yaha bhAratIvRttipradhAna ekAGkI hai parantu isa prakAra kA koI udAharaNa AcArya vizvanAtha ko nahIM milaa| (6/293-94) zrutyanuprAsaH-anuprAsa kA eka bhed| tAlu, danta Adi eka hI sthAna se uccarita vyaJjanoM kI samatAzrutyanuprAsa kahI jAtI hai-uccAryatvadyadekatra sthAne taalurdaadike| sAdRzyaM vyaJjanasyaiva zrutyanuprAsa ucyte|| yathA-dRzA dagdhaM manasijaM jIvayanti dRzaiva yaaH| virUpAkSasya jayinIstAH stumo vaamlocnaaH|| yahA~ jIvayanti yAH" tathA "jayinI:" meM tAlavya varNa prayukta hue haiN| AcArya bhoja ne sa.ka. meM isa alaGkAra kI vizeSa rUpa se prazaMsA kI hai| sA.da.kAra kA kathana hai ki sahRdayoM ke lie atyanta zrutisukhada hone ke kAraNa isakI saMjJA zrutyanuprAsa hai| (10/6)

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zrautI 200 zleSa : zrautI- upamA kA eka bheda / jahA~ sAmya zabda ke zravaNamAtra se hI bodhya ho jAye, vahA~ zrautI upamA hotI hai| yathA, iva tathA " tatra tasyeva " (5/1/116) se iva artha meM vidyamAna vati pratyaya zrutimAtra se hI umapAnopameya ke sAdRzyasambandha ko bodhita karatA hai - zrautI yatheva vA zabdA ivArthe vA vatiryadi / yaha taddhita, samAsa athavA vAkya meM sthiti ke AdhAra para tIna prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| saurabhamambhoruhavanmukhasya, kumbhAviva stanau pInau / hRdayaM madayati vadanaM tava zaradinduryathA baale| isa, udAharaNa meM tInoM prakAra kI zrautI upamAyeM haiN| 'ambhoruhavat' meM 'tatra tasyeva' sUtra se taddhita vati pratyaya hai| 'kumbhAviva' meM 'ivena saha samAso vibhaktyalopazca' isa vArttika se samAsa hai tathA zloka ke uttarArdha meM vAkyagata zrautI pUrNopamA hai| (10/20) zleSaH-eka zabdAlaGkAra / jahA~ zliSTa zabdoM se aneka arthoM kA abhidhAna ho, vahA~ zleSa alaGkAra hotA hai - zliSTaiH padairanekArthAbhidhAne zleSa iSyate / varNa, pratyaya, liGga, prakRti, pada, vibhakti, vacana aura bhASA ke zleSa se yaha ATha prakAra kA hotA hai| isI kA eka avAntara vibhAga sabhaGga, abhaGga aura ubhayAtmaka ke bheda se bhI kiyA jAtA hai| ye tInoM bheda uparyukta ATha prakAra ke zleSoM meM samAhita ho jAte haiM tathApi eka anya udAharaNa kA upanyAsa yahA~ kiyA jA sakatA hai - yena dhvastamanobhavena balijitkAya: purA strIkRto, yazcodvRttabhujaGgahAravalayo gaGgAM ca yo'dhaaryt| yasyAhuH zazimacchirohara iti stutyaM ca nAmAmarAH, pAyAtsaH svayamandhakakSayakarastvAM srvdomaadhvH|| yenadhvasta0 Adi meM sabhaGga tathA andhaka0 Adi meM abhaGga zleSa hai| yahA~ kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki kevala sabhaGga zleSa hI zabdazleSa kA viSaya ho sakatA hai kyoMki yahA~ jisa pada meM zleSa hotA hai vaha udAttAdi svaroM ke bhinna hone ke kAraNa bhinna prayatna se uccArya hotA hai, ataH jatukASThanyAya se bhinna hI hotA hai| abhaGgazleSa to vastuta: arthazleSa hai kyoMki yahA~ jisa pada meM zleSa hotA hai, vaha abhinna svara hone ke kAraNa eka hI prayatna se uccArya hotA hai| ata: usase pratIta hone vAle do artha

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zleSaH zleSa : 201 vaise hI haiM jaise eka vRnta para do phala lage hoN| isakA camatkAra ina bhinna pratIta hone vAle do arthoM para hI nirbhara karatA hai, ataH artha para Azrita hone ke kAraNa yaha arthAlaGkAra hai| ina AcAryoM ke mata meM alaGkArya-alaGkaraNopapatti Azraya- AzrayibhAva para AdhArita hai parantu siddhAntI ko yaha pakSa mAnya nahIM hai| isa mata meM dhvani, guNIbhUtavyaGgya, doSa, guNa, alaGkAra kI zabda athavA artha ke rUpa meM vyavasthiti kA AdhAra anvayavyatireka hai, arthAt jo alaGkArAdi kisI zabda ke rahane para rahe aura usake na rahane para na rahe, vaha zabdagata aura jo usake paryAya ke rakhane para bhI banA rahe vaha arthagata hotA hai| abhaGgazleSa meM zabdaparivRtti asahya hotI hai| dUsare, yahA~ zabdavizeSa hI vastutaH camatkAra kA hetu hai, isalie yaha zabdAlaGkAra hai| tIsare, abhaGgazleSa ke udAharaNa andhakakSaya0 Adi meM jo zabda kI abhinnatA pradarzita kI gayI hai usakA 'arthabhedena zabdabhedaH' niyama se virodha upasthita hotA hai, ataH vaha svIkArya nahIM hai| aura phira kevala artha ke anusandhAna kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa hI koI arthAlaGkAra nahIM ho jAtA kyoMki isa tarka se to anuprAsAdi bhI arthagata ho jAyeMge kyoMki rasApekSI hone ke kAraNa arthasApekSatA to vahA~ bhI abhISTa hotI hai / zabda yadi eka hI prayatna se uccarita ho to bhI anivAryarUpa se vaha arthAlaGkAra nahIM hotA kyoMki pratikUlatAmupagate hi vidhau0 Adi udAharaNa meM 'vidhau' zabda ke uccAraNa meM abhinna prayatna hone para bhI vaha zabdAlaGkAra hI hai| arthazleSa to vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ zabda kA parivartana kara dene para bhI zleSa banA rahatA hai| isakA udAharaNa 'stokenonnatimAyAti0' Adi padya hai| yahA~ 'stoka' ke sthAna para 'svalpa' pada ke rakha dene para bhI alaGkAra banA rahatA hai| (10/13-15) zleSaH- eka arthAlaGkAra / svabhAva se hI ekArthaka zabdoM ke dvArA aneka arthoM kA kathana karanA zleSa hai- zabdaiH svabhAvAdekArtheH shlesso'nekaarthvaacnm|' 'svabhAvAdekArthai: ' pada se zabdazleSa tathA 'vAcanam' pada se zleSadhvani se isakA pArthakya dyotita kiyA gayA hai| yathA- pravartayankriyAH sAdhvIrmAlinyaM haritAM haran / mahasA bhUyasA dIpto virAjati vibhAkara: / isa padya meM 'vibhAkara' zabda rajA aura sUrya donoM kA vAcaka hai| ( 10/76)

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202 saGketagrahaH saGkaraH- eka arthAlaGkAra / ekAdhika alaGkAroM ke aGgAGgibhAva ke rUpa meM sthita hone para, eka hI Azraya meM sthita hone para athavA ekAdhika alaGkAroM ke sandeha kI sthiti meM yaha tIna prakAra kA saGkara hotA hai - aGgAGgitve'laGkRtInAM tadUvadekAzrayasthitau / sandigdhatve ca bhavati saGkarastrividhaH punaH / / ina tInoM prakAroM ke udAharaNa kramaza: isa prakAra haiM- AkRSTivegavigaladbhujagendrabhoganirmokapaTTapariveSTanayAmburAzeH / manthavyathAvyupazamArthamivAzu yasya mandAkinI ciramaveSTata paadmuule| isa padya meM nirmokapaTTa kA apahnava karake usameM mandAkinI kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai, ataH apahnuti hai / mandAkinI kI jo pAdoM ke samIpa sthiti hai, vahI caraNamUlaveSTana hai, ataH zleSa hai| vaha zleSa atizayokti kA aGga hai / vaha aziyokti 'mAnoM manmatha kI vyathA ko dUra karane ke lie' isa prakAra utprekSA kA aGga hai| yaha utprekSA samudra aura mandAkinI ke mAdhyama se nAyakanAyikA ke vyavahAra ko sUcita karatI hai, ataH samAsokti kA aGga hai| isa prakAra aneka alaGkAroM kA aGgAGgibhAva hone ke kAraNa yahA~ saGkara hai| anurAgavatI sandhyA divasastatpuraHsaraH / aho daivagatizcitrA tathApi na samAgamaH / / isa padya meM samAsokti vizeSokti kA aGga hai| 'mukhacandraM pazyAmi' yahA~ upamA athavA rUpaka kA sandeha hotA hai / (10/128) saGkaraH saGkIrNatvam - eka kAvyadoSa / kisI dUsare vAkya ke pada yadi dUsare vAkya meM anupraviSTa ho jAyeM to saGkIrNatva doSa hotA hai / yathA - candraM muJca kuraGgAkSi pazya mAnaM nabho'Ggane / yahA~ 'nabho'Ggane candraM pazya, mAnaM muJca' isa prakAra anvaya banatA hai| kliSTatva doSa eka hI vAkya meM hotA hai jabaki saGkIrNatva meM eka vAkya ke pada dUsare vAkya meM praviSTa ho jAte haiN| yahI ina donoM meM bheda hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) saGketagrahaH - sA. da. kAra ke anusAra saGketagraha kA viSaya vyakti kI cAra upAdhiyA~ - jAti, guNa, dravya aura kriyA haiN| inhIM meM saGketagraha hotA hai, vyakti meM nahIM - saGketo gRhyate jAtau guNadravyakriyAsu ca / vyakti meM saGketagraha mAnane para aneka vyaktiyoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak ananta zaktiyoM kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai aura yadi eka vyakti meM saGketagraha ho jAne para anya vyaktiyoM

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saTTakam 203 sandigdham kI upasthiti vinA zaktigraha ke mAnI jAye to padArthopasthiti meM zaktigraha kI kAraNatA nahIM bana sakegI, ata: vyabhicAra doSa hogaa| go Adi vyaktiyoM meM rahane vAlA usakA gotvAdi dharma jAti kahalAtA hai| padArtha meM vaiziSTya kA AdhAna karane vAlA siddha vastudharma guNa kahA jAtA hai jo sajAtIya vyaktiyoM ko alaga karate haiN| hari, hara, Distha, Davittha Adi eka vyaktivAcaka pada dravya kahe jAte haiN| pAkAdi sAdhya vastudharma ko kriyA kahate haiN| inhIM cAra upAdhiyoM meM zabdoM kA saGketa gRhIta hotA hai| (2/8) saTTakam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| yaha sampUrNa rUpa se prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha racanA hai| yahA~ viSkambhaka aura pravezaka kA prayoga nahIM hotA tathA adbhuta rasa pracura rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai| aGkoM kA vibhAjana isameM 'javanikA' ke nAma se hotA hai| zeSa sabhI bAteM nATikA ke samAna haiM-saTTakaM prAkRtAzeSapAThyaM, syaadprveshkm| na ca viSkambhako'pyatra pracurazcAdbhuto rsH| aGkAH javanikAkhyAH syuH| syaadnynnaattikaasmm| isakA udAharaNa karpUramaJjarI hai| (6/284) __sattvam-anta:karaNa kI eka sthiti| antaHkaraNa kI vaha sthiti jahA~ rajoguNa aura tamoguNa nahIM rahate, sattva kahI jAtI hai-rajastamobhyAmaspRSTaM manaH sttvmihocyte| yaha anta:karaNa kA dharma hai jisameM rasa prakAzita hotA hai- sattvaM nAma svAtmavizrAmaprakAzakArI kazcanAntaro dhrmH| sandAnitakam-tIna padyoM kA smuuh| tIna padyoM meM vAkyArtha kI parisamApti hone para sandAnitaka kahA jAtA hai-sandAnitakaM tribhirissyte| (6/302) sandigdhatvam-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ abhiprAya kA nizcaya na ho sake vahA~ sandigdhatva doSa hotA hai| yathA-acalA abalA vA syuH sevyA brUta mniissinnH| yahA~ prakaraNa ke abhAva meM yaha jJAta nahIM ho pAtA ki vaktA zAnta hai athavA zRGgArI, ilie abhiprAya sandigdha raha jAtA hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) sandigdham-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ pada ke artha ke viSaya meM sandeha utpanna ho jAye vahA~ sandigdha doSa hotA hai| yathA-AzI:paramparAM vandyAM karNe

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sandezahArakaH 204 sandehaH kRtvA kRpAM kuru| yahA~ 'vandyAm' pada sandigdha hai| isakA artha 'bandIbhUtAyAm' athavA 'vandanIyAm' bhI ho sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa zleSAdi meM bakAra aura vakAra kA abhinnatva hai| yadi vyAjastuti meM paryavasAna ho to yaha guNa hI hotA hai| yaha padadoSa hai| (7/3) sandezahArakaH-dUta kA eka prkaar| jitanA kahA jAye utane hI sandeza ko yathAvat pahu~cA dene vAlA sandezahAraka hotA hai-yAvadbhASitasandezahAra: sndeshhaarkH| (3/60) sandehaH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) sandeha:-eka arthaalngkaar| upameya meM upamAna ke kavipratibhAjanya saMzaya ko sandeha kahate haiM-sandehaH prakRte'nyasya saMzayaH prtibhotthitH| yaha saMzaya yadi anta taka banA rahe to zuddha sandeha, yadi bIca-bIca meM kucha nizcaya sA bhI hone lage to nizcayagarbha aura yadi anta meM sandeha kA nivAraNa ho jAye to nizcayAnta rUpa se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai inake udAharaNa kramazaH isa prakAra haiM-(1) kiM tAruNyataroriyaM rasabharodbhinnA navA vallarI, velAprocchalitasya kiM laharikA laavnnyvaaraaNnidheH| udgAr3hotkalikAvatAM svasamayopanyAsavimbhiNaH, kiM sAkSAdupadezayaSTirathavA devasya shRnggaarinnH|| (2) ayaM mArtaNDaH kiM sa khalu turagaiH saptabhiritaH, kRzAnuH kiM sarvAH prasarati dizo naiSa niytm| kRtAntaH kiM sAkSAnmahiSavahano'sAviti punaH, samAlokyAjau tvAM vidadhati vikalpAn prtibhttaaH|| (3) kiM tAvatsarasi sarojametadArAt, Aho svinmukhamavabhAsate trunnyaaH| saMzayya kSaNamiti nizcikAya kazcid, vivvokairbakasahavAsinAM prokssaiH|| "sthANurvA puruSo vA" ityAdi sandeha kavipratibhotttha na hone ke kAraNa alaGkAra nahIM haiN| madhyaM tava sarojAkSi, pyodhrbhraaditm| asti nAstIti sandehaH, kasya citte na bhaastH| isa padya meM sandeha na hokara atizayokti alaGkAra hai kyoMki sandeha kevala vahIM hotA hai jaba upameya meM upamAna kA saMzaya utpanna ho jaaye| isa padya meM isa prakAra kI koI bAta nahIM hai| (10/52)

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205 sandhyaGgamu sandhiH- rUpaka meM kAryAvasthA aura arthaprakRti ko milAne vAlA tattva / AcArya bharata ne pA~ca arthaprakRtiyoM tathA pA~ca kAryAvasthAoM ke mela se pA~ca sandhiyoM kI kalpanA kI hai| pA~ca kAryAvasthAoM ke sambandha se itivRtta ke pA~ca vibhAga hone para kramaza: pA~ca sandhiyA~ hotI haiN| isakA zAstrIya lakSaNa AcArya vizvanAtha ne dazarUpaka se grahaNa kiyA hai- antaraikArthasambandhaH sandhirekAnvaye sati / arthAt eka prayojana se anvita kathAMzoM kA avAntara prayojana ke sAtha sambandha sandhi kahA jAtA hai - ekena prayojanenAnvitAnAM kathAMzAnAmavAntaraikaprayojanasambandhaH sandhiH / sandhi ke pA~ca bheda mukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza aura nirvahaNa haiM / ( 6/61) sandhiH sandhiH - nirvahaNasandhi kA eka aGga / mukhasandhi meM kSipta bIja kI punarudbhAvanA ko sandhi kahate haiM - bIjopagamanaM sandhiH / yathA ve.saM. meM bhIma kA draupadI ke prati yaha kathana - bhavati ! yajJavedisambhave ! smarati bhavatI yanmayoktam-caJcadbhujabhramitacaNDagadAbhighAtaH, saJcUrNitoruyugalasya suyodhanasya / styAnAvanaddhaghanazoNitazoNapANiruttaMsayiSyati kacAMstava devi bhImaH / / yahA~ nirvahaNa sandhi meM Akara eka bAra punaH bIja kI udbhAvanA kI gayI hai| (6/124) sandhivizleSaH - eka kAvyadoSa / pragRhya saMjJA Adi ke kAraNa kiyA huA sandhibhaGga yadi bAra-bAra prayukta ho to vaha doSAvaha hotA hai / chandobhaGga Adi ke vAraNArtha to yadi eka bAra bhI sandhibhaGga ho jAye to vaha doSa hI hai| yathA - dalite utpale ete akSiNI amalAGgi te / yahA~ bAra-bAra prakRtibhAva huA hai| tathA vAsavAzAmukhe bhAti induzcandanabinduvat / yahA~ chandobhaGga ko rokane ke lie bhAti aura indu meM sandhi nahIM kI gayI / yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) sandhyaGgam-nATakIya sandhi ke upavibhAga / nATyasandhiyoM ke vidhAyaka hone ke kAraNa usake upavibhAgoM kI saMjJA sandhyaGga hai| mukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza tathA nirvahaNa ina pA~ca sandhiyoM ke kramaza: 12, 13, 12, 13, tathA 14 aGga haiN| isa prakAra inakI kula saMkhya 64 hai| inameM se rasa ke anusAra anya sandhi ke aGgoM kA anyatra bhI niveza ho sakatA hai| rudraTAdi ke dvArA

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206 samam samayaH inheM anivArya rUpa se eka sandhi ke sAtha niyata kara denA vizvanAtha ke anusAra lakSyaviruddha hone se agrAhya hai| sarvatra rasa kI hI pradhAnatA hai, ata: isakI apekSA se hI inakA saMniveza kiyA jAnA cAhie, kevala zAstra kA nirvAha mAtra karane ke lie nahIM-catuHSaSTividhaM hyetadaGga proktaM mniissibhiH| kuryAdaniyate tasya sandhAvapi prveshnm| rasAnuguNatAM vIkSya rasasyaiva hi mukhytaa|| ve.saM. meM jo duryodhana aura bhAnumatI kA vipralambha dikhAyA gayA hai, vaha avasarAnurUpa nahIM hai| ___ina sandhyaGgoM kA prayoga prAyaH pradhAnapuruSoM nAyaka, pratinAyaka, patAkAnAyaka Adi ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| kevala prakSepa, parikara aura upanyAsa, jinameM bIjabhUta artha atyalpa uddiSTa rahatA hai, apradhAna pAtroM ke dvArA hI prayoga kiyA jAnA ucita hai-sampAdayetAM sandhyaGga naaykprtinaaykau| tadabhAve patAkAdyAstadabhAve tthetrH|| kAvya meM inakI sthiti usI prakAra aparihArya hai jaise mAnavazarIra ke vibhinna aGga usake kAryoM kA sampAdana karane ke lie Avazyaka haiN| pradhAnarUpa se inake chaH prayojana nirdiSTa kiye jAte haiM-(1) abhISTa vastu kA nirmANa (2) Azcarya kI prApti (3) kathAnaka kA vistAra (4) anurAga kI utpatti (5) prayoga ke gopanIya aMzoM kA gopana tathA (6) prakAzya aMzoM kA prkaashn| (6/138-40) samam-eka arthaalngkaar| yogya vastuoM kI anurUpatA hone ke kAraNa prazaMsA sama alaGkAra hai-samaM syAdAnurUpyeNa zlAghA yogyasya vstunH| yathA-zazinamupagateyaM kaumudI meghamuktaM, jalanidhimanurUpaM jhnuknyaavtiirnnaa| iti samaguNayogaprItayastatra paurAH zravaNakaTu nRpANAmekavAkyaM vivgraiH|| isa padya meM aja aura indumatI ke saMyoga kI prazaMsA candrikA ke meghamukta candramA tathA gaGgA ke samudra ke sAtha milana ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| (10/92) samayaH-nirvahaNa sandhi kA eka angg| du:kha ke nikala jAne ko samaya kahate haiM-samayo duHkhniryaannm| yathA ra.nA. meM ratnAvalI kA AliGgana karake devI vAsavadattA kA yaha kathana- samAzvasihi bhagini! smaashvsihi| (6/132)

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207 samarpaNam samAdhAnam samarpaNam-bhANikA kA eka angg| kopa yA pIDA ke kAraNa upAlambhayukta vacana kahanA samarpaNa kahalAtA hai-sopAlambhavacaH kopapIDayeha smrpnnm| (6/300) samavakAra:-rUpaka kA eka bhed| 'samavakIryante bahavo'rthAH asminniti' isa vyutpatti se jisameM bahuta prakAra ke artha nibaddha hoM use samavakAra kahate haiN| yahA~ devoM tathA daityoM se sambandhita kathAnaka tIna aGkoM meM varNita hotA hai| vimarza ke atirikta cAra sandhiyA~, do prathama aGka meM tathA eka eka dUsare aura tIsare aGka meM nibaddha hotI hai| kaizikI ke atirikta sabhI vRttiyoM kA prayoga hotA hai| bindu aura pravezaka nahIM hote| yathAsambhava teraha vIthyaGga tathA gAyatrI, uSNik Adi vividha chandoM kI yojanA kI jAtI hai| prathamAGka kI kathA bAraha nAlI, dvitIyAGka kI tIna tathA tRtIyAGka kI do nAlI mAtra samaya meM samApta honI cAhie (eka nAlI do ghar3I kI kahI jAtI hai)| sampUrNa kathAnaka meM tIna prakAra kA zRGgAra (dharmazRGgAra, arthazRGgAra aura kAmazRGgAra), tIna prakAra kA kapaTa (svAbhAvika, kRtrima aura daivaja) tathA tIna prakAra kA vidrava (cetana, acetana tathA cetanAcetana [gajAdikRta] varNita hotA hai| bAraha prakhyAta tathA udAtta devatA aura manuSya nAyaka yahA~ nibaddha hote haiN| una saba nAyakoM kA phala pRthak-pRthak hotA hai| vIra rasa aGgI tathA anya rasa aGga rUpa meM Ate haiM-vRttaM samavakAre tu khyAtaM devaasuraashrym| sandhayo nirvimarzAstu trayo'GgAstatra caadime| sandhI dvAvantyayostadvadeka eva bhvetpunH| nAyakA dvAdazodAttAH prakhyAtA devdaanvaaH| phalaM pRthak-pRthak teSAM vIramukhyo'khilo rsH| vRttayo mandakauzikyo nAtra binduprveshko| vIthyaGgAni ca tatra syuryathAlAbhaM tryodsh| gAyatryuSNimukhAnyatra chandAMsi vividhAni c| trizRGgArastrikapaTaH kAryazcAyaM trividrvH| vastu dvAdazanADIbhirniSpAdyaM prthmaangkgm| dvitIye'Gke ca tisRbhibhyiAmaGke tRtiiyke|| isakA udAharaNa samudramanthanam hai| (6/257-58) samAdhAnam-mukhasandhi kA eka angg| bIja ke Agamana ko samAdhAna kahate haiM-bIjasyAgamanaM yattu ttsmaadhaanmucyte| yathA ve.saM. meM 'svasthA bhavanti mayi jIvati0 Adi bhImasena kI ukti meM jisa bIja kI sthApanA kI gayI thI, nepathya ke bho bho virATadrupada0' Adi kathana se vaha pradhAna nAyaka yudhiSThira ko bhI abhimata ho gayA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ bIja kA

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samAdhiH 208 samAsoktiH samyak prakAra se AdhAna ho jAne ke kAraNa samAdhAna nAmaka sandhyaGga hai| (6/75) samAdhiH-eka arthaalngkaar| devayoga se prastuta kisI anya vastu ke kAraNa yadi prastuta kArya aura sukara ho jAye to samAdhi alaGkAra hotA hai-samAdhiH sukare kArye daivaadvstvntraagmaat| yathA-mAnamasyA nirAkartuM pAdayorme ptissytH| upakArAya diSTyedamudIrNaM ghngrjitm|| mAninI nAyikA kA prasAdana karane ke lie nAyaka usake caraNoM meM girA hI thA ki daivayoga se meghagarjana ho gyaa| (10/111) samAptapunarAttam-eka kaavydoss| eka bAra vizeSaNa aura vizeSya padoM ke prayoga se vAkya jaba nirAkAMkSa ho jAye to punaH vizeSaNa padoM kA prayoga anucita hai kyoMki usake sAtha anvaya karane ke lie punaH vizeSyavAcaka pada ko uThAnA par3atA hai| aisI sthiti meM samAptapunarAtta doSa hotA hai| yathA-nAzayanto ghanadhvAntaM tApayanto viyoginH| patanti zazinaH pAdA bhAsayantaH kssmaatlm|| yahA~ tRtIya pAda taka vAkya kI samApti ho cukI thii| caturtha caraNa meM punaH vizeSaNapada kA prayoga kara diyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM yaha na guNarUpa hotA hai, na dossruup| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) samAsokti:-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ samAna kArya, liGga tathA vizeSaNoM se upameya meM upamAna ke vyavahAra kA Aropa kiyA jAye vahA~ samAsokti alaGkAra hotA hai-samAsoktiH samairyatra kaarylinggvishessnnaiH| vyavahArasamAropaH prastute'nyasya vstunH|| tadyathA-asamAptajigISasya strIcintA kA mnsvinH| anAkramya jagatkRtsnaM no sandhyAM bhajate rviH| isa padya meM sUrya aura sandhyA meM nAyakanAyikA ke vyavahAra kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| rUpaka meM upamAna upameya ke svarUpa ko AcchAdita kara letA hai jabaki samAsokti meM upameya ke svarUpa ko AcchAdita kiye vinA use pUrva avasthA se viziSTa banA detA hai| isIlie yahA~ kevalamAtra vyavahAra kA samAropa hotA hai, svarUpa kA nhiiN| upamAdhvani aura zleSa meM vizeSya bhI tulya rahatA hai jabaki samAsokti meM kevala vizeSaNa hI tulya hote haiN| aprastutaprazaMsA meM prastuta vyaGgya hotA hai jabaki samAsokti meM aprastuta vyaGgya rahatA hai| (10/74)

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209 sampralApa: samAhitam samAhitam-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ bhAva kA prazama kisI anya kA aGga banakara upasthita ho, vahA~ samAhita alaGkAra hotA hai| ythaa-avirlkrvaalkmpnairbhukuttiitrjngrjnairmuhuH| dadRze tava vairiNAM madaH sa gata: kvApi tvekssnnekssnnaat|| isa padya meM mada nAmaka bhAva kA prazama rAjaviSayaka ratibhAva kA aGga hai| (10/124 kI vRtti) samuccayaH-eka arthaalngkaar| kArya ke sAdhaka kisI eka ke hone para bhI khalakapota nyAya se dUsarA bhI usakA sAdhaka ho jAye to samuccayAlaGkAra hotA hai| do guNoM, do kriyAoM athavA guNa aura kriyA ke ekasAtha hone para bhI samuccaya alaGkAra hotA hai-samuccayo'yamekasmin sati kAryasya saadhke| khale kapotikAnyAyAttatkara: syAtparo'pi cet| guNau kriye vA yugapatsyAtAM yadvA gunnkriye|| yathA-haho dhIra samIra hanta jananaM te candanakSmAbhRto, dAkSiNyaM jagaduttaraM paricayo godaavriivaaribhiH| pratyaGgaM dahasIti me tvamapi ceduddAmadAvAgnivat, matto'yaM malinAtmako vanacaraH kiM vakSyate kokilH|| yahA~ pUrvArdha meM pratipAdita sadhetu tathA caturtha caraNa meM pratipAdita mattAdi asadhetu milakara aGgoM ko jalAne kA kArya kara rahe haiN| aruNe ca taruNi nayane tava malinaM ca priyasya mukhm| mukhamAnataM ca sakhi te jvalitazcAsyAntare smrjvlnH|| isa padya meM pUrvArdha meM lAlimA aura malinatA rUpa guNoM kA tathA uttarArdha meM namana aura jvalana rUpa kriyAoM kA samuccaya hai| samuccaya meM saba kAraNa eka sAtha sampanna hote haiM jabaki samAdhi meM kAryasAdhaka eka hetu ke vartamAna hone para daivayoga se koI dUsarA hetu bhI upasthita ho jAtA hai| yahI ina donoM meM bheda hai| samuccaya meM atizayoktimUlakatA avazya rahatI hai jabaki dIpaka meM isakA abhAva hotA hai| (10/110) sampralApa:-pUrvarAga meM kAma kI SaSTha dshaa| priya se samAgama na ho pAne ke kAraNa vyAkula hokara nirarthaka bAteM karanA pralApa kahA jAtA hai-alakSyavAk pralApaH syAccetaso bhramaNAd bhRshm| yathA-tribhAgazeSAsu nizAsu ca kSaNaM nimIlya netre sahasA vybudhyt|kv nIlakaNTha

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210 sampheTaH sambhogazRGgAraH vrjsiitylkssyvaagstyknntthaarpitbaahubndhnaa|| yahA~ ziva kI prApti na ho pAne ke kAraNa pArvatI ke vyAkula hokara nirarthaka pralApa karane kA varNana hai| (3/197) sampheTa:-vimarzasandhi kA eka angg| krodha bhare vacana ko sampheTa kahA jAtA hai-sampheTo rossbhaassnnm| isakA udAharaNa ve.saM. meM bhIma ke krodhayukta vacana haiN| (6/111) sampheTa:-ArabhaTI vRtti kA eka angg| do kruddha tvarAyukta vyaktiyoM ke saGgharSa ko sampheTa kahate haiM-sampheTastu samAghAtaH kruddhstvryordvyoH| yathA, mA.mA. meM mAdhava aura aghoraghaNTa kA sngghrss| (6/157) sampheTa:--zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) sambhogazRGgAra:-zRGgAra kA eka bhed| jahA~ paraspara anurakta nAyaka aura nAyikA darzana, sparza Adi karate hai, vaha sambhoga zRGgAra kahA jAtA hai| 'Adi' zabda se adharapAna, cumbana Adi kA grahaNa hotA hai-darzanasparzanAdIni niSevete vilaasinau| yatrAnuraktAvanyonyaM smbhogo'ymudaahRtH|| yathA-zUnyaM vAsagRhaM vilokya zayanAduttthAya kiJcicchanairnidrAvyAjamupAgatasya suciraM nirvarNya ptyurmukhm| visrabdhaM paricumbya jAtapulakAmAlokya gaNDasthalIM, lajjAnamramukhI priyeNa hasatA bAlA ciraM cumbitaa|| isa padya meM paraspara anurakta nAyaka nAyikA kA darzana, cumbana Adi kA varNana hai| chahoM RtuoM, sUrya, candra, unake udaya aura asta, jalakeli, vanavihAra, prabhAta, madhupAna, rAtri, candanAdilepana, bhUSaNa dhAraNa karanA tathA aura jo kucha bhI saMsAra meM pavitra tathA ujjvalaveSAtmaka hotA hai, kA yahA~ varNana kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya bharata ne bhI kahA hai ki saMsAra meM jo kucha bhI pavitra, ujjvala tathA darzanIya hai, zRGgAra ina sabakA upamAna banatA hai arthAt vaha ina sabase adhika prazasta hai, isIlie ise uttamayuvaprakRti kahA gayA hai| cumbana, parirambhaNa Adi ke rUpa meM isake aneka bheda ho sakate haiM jinakA parigaNana kiyA jA pAnA bhI sambhava nahIM hai, ataH sAmAnya rUpa se eka prakAra kA sambhogazRGgAra hI mAna liyA gayA hai| pUrvarAgAdi cAra prakAra

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sambhramajanyapravAsa 211 sahoktiH ke vipralambha ke anantara varNita hone ke kAraNa yaha bhI cAra prakAra kA mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki vipralambha ke vinA sambhoga puSTi ko prApta nahIM krtaa| jisa prakAra vastrAdi ko raMgane se pUrva unheM kaSAyita kara liyA jAtA hai usI prakAra sambhoga se pUrva vipralambha kA varNana hotA hai- na vinA vipralambhena sambhogaH pussttimshnute| kaSAyite hi vastrAdau bhUyArAgo vivrdhte|| (3/215-17) sambhramabanyapravAsa:-pravAsavipralambha kA eka prkaar| devatAoM, manuSyoM athavA dizAoM meM utpanna utpAtAdi se sambhramajanya vipralambha utpanna hotA hai| vi.u. meM pururavA aura urvazI kA vipralambha isI prakAra kA hai| (3/210) sahacarabhinnatvam-eka kaavydoss| utkRSTa aura nikRSTa padArthoM kA eka hI kriyA meM anvaya kara denA sahacarabhinnatva hai| yathA-sajjano durgatau magnaH, kAminI glitstnii| khalaH pUjyaH samajyAyAM tApAya mama cetsH|| yahA~ sajjana aura kAminI kA eka sthAna para anvaya to ThIka hai parantu unake sAtha khala kA ullekha azobhana hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) sahoktiH -eka arthaalngkaar| saha zabdArtha ke bala se jahA~ eka pada do arthoM kA vAcaka ho vahA~ sahokti alaGkAra hotA hai parantu usake mUla meM atizayokti avazya rahanI cAhie-sahArthasya balAdekaM yatra syAdvAcakaM dvyoH| sA sahoktirmUlabhUtAtizayoktiryadA bhvet| yathA-sahAdharadalenAsyA yauvane rAgabhAk priyH| sahokti kA atizayoktimUlaka honA Avazyaka hai| lakSmaNena samaM rAmaH kAnanaM gahanaM yayau, yaha paMkti aziyoktimUlaka na hone ke kAraNa hI sahokti bhI nahIM hai| yaha atizayokti bhI abhedAdhyavasAyamUlA athavA kAryakAraNa meM paurvAparyaviparyayamUlaka hotI hai| abhedAdhyavasAya meM bhI yaha zleSamUlaka athavA azleSamUlaka ho sakatI hai| yaha mAlArUpa bhI ho sakatI hai, tadyathA-saha kumudakadambaiH kAmamullAsayantaH, saha ghntimiraudhaidhairymutsaaryntH| saha sarasijaSaNDaiH svAntamAmIlayantaH, pratidizamamRtAMzoraMzavaH snycrnti|| yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki yahA~ 'saha' zabda kA sAkSAt prayoga hI ho, usake artha kI vivakSA avazya honI caahie| (10/72)

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saMkSiptiH 212 saMlApakam saMkSiptiH-ArabhaTI vRtti kA eka angg| zilpa athavA kisI anya kAraNa se saMkSipta vasturacanA ko saMkSipti kahate haiN| eka nAyaka kI nivRtti meM dUsare nAyaka athavA nAyaka ke kisI eka dharma kI nivRtti hokara usameM dUsare dharma kI sthApanA hone para bhI saMkSipti hotI. hai-saMkSiptavasturacanA zilpairitarathApi vaa| saMkSiptiH syAnnivRttau ca neturnetrntrgrhH|| kASTha ke hAthI se udayana kA pakar3A jAnA, bAlI ke sthAna para sugrIva kA rAjyArohaNa tathA parazurAma meM auddhatya kI nivRtti hokara zAnti kI sthApanA isake udAharaNa haiN| (6/158) saMkSepaH-eka naattylkssnn| thor3e meM hI apane Apa ko samarpita kara denA saMkSepa kahA jAtA hai- saMkSepo yattu saMkSepAdAtmAnyArthe pryujyte| yathA ca.ka. nATikA meM rAjA kA-priye! aGgAni khedayasi kiM zirISakusumaparipelavAni mudhaa| ayamIhitakusumAnAM sampAdayitA tavAsti daasjnH|| Adi kathana ke dvArA apane ko samarpita krnaa| (6/201) saGgraha:-garbhasandhi kA eka angg| sAma aura dAna se sampanna artha saGgraha kahA jAtA hai-saGgrahaH punaH saamdaanaarthsmpnnH| yathA, ra.nA. meM rAjA vidUSaka ko "sAdhu vayasya! idaM te pAritoSikam" kahakara kaTaka pradAna karatA hai| (6/101) saMlApaH-sAtvatI vRtti kA eka angg| aneka bhAvoM kI AzrayabhUta gambhIra ukti saMlApa kahI jAtI hai-saMlApaH syaadgbhiiroktirnaanaabhaavsmaashryaa| yathA vI.ca. meM rAma aura parazurAma ke madhya saMvAda meM rAma kI "ayaM sa kila saparivArakArtikeyavijayAvarjitena bhagavatA nIlalohitena parivatsarasahasrAntevAsine tubhyaM prasAdIkRtaH prshuH"| yaha ukti| (6/153) saMlApakam-uparUpaka kA eka bhed| saMlApaka tIna athavA cAra aGkoM kA uparUpaka hai| isameM nagaravirodha, chala, saGgrAma tathA vidrava varNita hote haiN| bhAratI aura kaizikI vRtti kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jaataa| isakA nAyaka pAkhaNDI hotA hai tathA zRGgAra aura karuNa ke atirikta koI rasa pradhAna hotA hai-saMlApake'GkAzcatvArAstrayo vA nAyakaH punH| pASaNDaH syAdrastatra shRnggaarkrunnetrH| bhaveyuH pursNrodhcchlsnggraamvidrvaaH| na tatra vRttirbhavati

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213 saMzayaH sAGgarUpakam bhAratI na ca kaishikii| isakA udAharaNa mAyAkApAlikam hai| (6/292) saMzayaH-eka naattylkssnn| kisI vAkya meM jaba ajJAta vastu ke viSaya meM anizcaya ko abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai to vaha saMzaya nAmaka lakSaNa hotA hai-saMzayo'jJAtatattvasya vAkye syaadydnishcyH| yathA, ya.vi. kA yaha padya--iyaM svargAdinAthasya lakSmIH kiM ykssknykaa| kiM cAsya viSayasyaiva devatA kimu paarvtii|| (6/176) saMsRSTi:-eka arthaalngkaar| jahA~ ekAdhika alaGkAra paraspara nirapekSa hokara sthita hoM vahA~ saMsRSTi alaGkAra hotA hai-mitho'napekSayaiteSAM sthitiH sNsRssttirucyte| yathA-devaH pAyAdapAyAnnaH smrendiivrlocnH| saMsAradhvAntavidhvaMsahasaH kNsnissuudnH|| yahA~ 'pAyAdapAyA' meM yamaka tathA zloka ke uttarArdha meM anuprAsa hai, ataH zabdAlaGkAroM kI saMsRSTi hai| dvitIya pAda meM upamA tathA uttarArdha meM rUpaka hone ke kAraNa arthAlaGkAroM kI bhI saMsRSTi hai| (10/127) saMhAraH-bhANikA kA eka angg| kArya ke samApana ko saMhAra kahate haiM-saMhAra iti ca prAhuryatkAryasya smaapnm| (6/300) sAkAMkSatA-eka kaavydoss| jahA~ vAkya meM prayukta padoM meM AkAMkSA pUrNa rUpa se nivRtta na ho pAye vahA~ sAkAMkSatA doSa hotA hai| yathA-aizasya dhanuSo bhaGga kSatrasya ca smunntim| strIratnaM ca kathaM nAma mRSyate bhaargvo'dhunaa|| yahA~ 'strIratnam' ke sAtha 'apekSitum' pada kI AkAMkSA banI hI rahatI hai| yaha arthadoSa hai| (7/5) sAGgarUpakam-rUpaka kA eka bhed| yadi aGgI ke samasta aGgoM kA rUpaNa kiyA jAe to sAGgarUpaka hotA hai-aGgino yadi sAGgasya rUpaNaM sAGgameva tt| isake do prakAra hai-samastavastuviSaya tathA ekadezavivarti / sabhI Aropya padArtha jaba sAkSAt zabda se bodhita hoM to samastavastuviSaya tathA yadi kucha zabdataH ukta na hoM to vaha ekadezavivarti hotA hai| yathA-rAvaNAvagrahaklAntamiti vAgamRtena sH| abhivRSya marutsasyaM kRssnnmeghstiroddhe|| yaha prathama upabheda kA tathA--lAvaNyamadhubhiH pUrNamAsyamasyA viksvrm| lokalocanarolambakadambaiH kairna piiyte|| yaha dvitIya upabheda kA

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214 sAkSAtyaH sAdhAraNI udAharaNa hai| kahIM-kahIM sAGgarUpaka meM bhI upamAna zliSTa zabda se kahe jAte haiN| (10/44-45, 49) sAGghAtyaH-sAtvatI vRtti kA eka angg| mantra, artha athavA daiva zakti se kisI samudAya ke bhedana ko sAGghAtya kahate haiM-mantrArthadaivazaktyAdeH sAGghAtyaH sngghbhednm| mu.rA. meM cANakya ne rAkSasa ke sAthiyoM ko mantra aura artha kI zakti se bhinna kiyaa| daivazakti se rAmAyaNa meM rAvaNa aura vibhISaNa ke madhya virodha huaa| (6/152) sAttvika:-sattvasambhUta anubhaav| sattva se utpanna hone vAle vikAra sAttvika kahe jAte haiN| yadyapi ratyAdi ke kAryarUpa hone ke kAraNa ye anubhAva hI haiM tathApi inake sattvamAtra se udbhUta hone ke kAraNa gobalIvardanyAya se inheM bhinna bhI kahA jAtA hai-vikArAH sattvasambhUtAH, sAttvikAH prikiirtitaaH| sattvamAtrodbhavatvAtte, bhinnA apynubhaavtH|| stambha, sveda, romAJca, svarabhaGga, vepathuH, vaivarNya, azru aura pralaya ye ATha sAttvika anubhAva kahe jAte haiN| (3/143-45) sAttvika:-abhinaya kA eka prkaar| sattva se abhiprAya mana kI ekAgratA se hai| ekAgra mana se vepathu, stambha, romAJca Adi kA pradarzana sAttvika abhinaya kahA jAtA hai| (6/3) / sAtvatI-eka naattyvRtti| yaha mUlata: manovyApArarUpA vRtti hai| isakI utpatti yajurveda se mAnI gayI hai| yaha sattva, zaurya, tyAga, dayA, Arjava se yukta, harSa se utkaTa, kiJcit zRGgAra se yukta, zokarahita tathA adbhuta rasa se sampanna hotI hai-sAtvatI bahulA sttvshaurytyaagdyaarjvaiH| saharSA kSudrazRGgArA vizokA sAdbhutA tthaa| isake cAra aGga haiM-uttthApaka, sAGghAtya, saMlApa aura privrttk| (6/150) sAdhanAnugamaH-zilpaka kA eka angg| (6/295) sAdhAraNI-nAyikA kA eka bhed| sAdhAraNI athavA sAmAnyA nAyikA vezyA hotI hai jo dhIrA aura kalAoM meM nipuNa hotI hai| guNahIna vyaktiyoM se bhI vaha dveSa nahIM karatI, na guNI vyaktiyoM meM anurakta hotI hai| kevala dhanamAtra ko dekhakara vaha bAhara se anurAga pradarzita karatI hai| svIkAra kiye

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sAdhAraNIkaraNam 215 sAdhAraNIkaraNam gaye vyakti ko bhI naSTa hue dhana vAlA samajhakara mAtA athavA kisI anya vyakti dvArA bAhara nikalavA detI hai ( dhanayukta hone para punaH saMyoga kI AkAMkSA se svayaM nahIM nikAlatI) / cora, napuMsaka, mUrkha, vinA parizrama se prApta dhana vAle, pAkhaNDI (chadmavezI), pracchanna kAmuka prAyaH inake priya hote haiN| kAma ke vazIbhUta hokara yaha bhI kabhI-kabhI satya anurAga se yukta hotI hai parantu yaha cAhe anurakta ho athavA virakta, isameM prema atyanta durlabha hai - dhIrA kalApragalbhA syAd vezyA sAmAnyanAyikA / nirguNAnapi na dveSTi na rajyati guNiSvapi / vittamAtraM samAlokya sA rAgaM drshyedbhiH| kAmamaGgIkRtamapi parikSINadhanaM nrm| mAtrA niSkAsayedeSA punaH sandhAnakAMkSayA / taskarAH puNDrakA mUrkhAH sukhaprAptadhanAstathA / liGginazchannakAmAdyA AsAM prAyeNa vallabhAH / eSApi madanAyattA kvApi satyAnurAgiNI / raktAyAM vA viraktAyAM ratamasyAM sudurlbhm|| rAgahIna vezyA kA udAharaNa la.me. kI madanamaJjarI tathA anurakta vezyA kA udAharaNa vasantasenA Adi haiN| ( 3/84-85) sAdhAraNIkaraNam-vibhAvAdi kA vyApAra / Alambana aura uddIpana vibhAva kAvya meM nibaddha hokara svayaM ko sahRdaya ke sAtha sambaddha rUpa se hI prakAzita karate haiN| ataeva sahRdaya svayaM ko rAmAdi se abhinna hI mAnane lagatA hai| rasAsvAda ke samaya vibhAvAdi 'ye anya ke haiM athavA anya ke nahIM haiM, mere haiM athavA mere nahIM haiM', isa prakAra paricchinna rUpa meM pratIta nahIM hote| sahRdayoM meM rAmAdi ke sAtha isa prakAra kA sAdhAraNyAbhimAna ho jAnA hI sAdhAraNIkaraNa vyApAra hai| mUlarUpa se vibhAvAdigata hone ke kAraNa hI ise vibhAvanavyApAra bhI kahate haiN| isI ke bala para sAdhAraNa manuSya bhI hanumadAdi ke samAna samudralaGghanAdi duSkara vyApAroM meM utsAhita ho jAtA hai| yaha sAdhAraNIkaraNa ratyAdi sthAyIbhAvoM kA bhI hotA hai kyoMki rAmAdi anukArya kI sItAdi meM rati tathA sahRdaya nAyaka kI nAyikA meM rati yadi sAdhAraNa na ho jAye to zRGgArika prasaGgoM se lajjA, bhaya Adi utpanna hone lgeNge| svapara kA bheda vidyamAna rahane se to sahRdaya aura anukArya donoM kA hI ratibhAva sarvathA arasya ho jaayegaa| isa prakAra paramparayA kAvya athavA nATya Adi bhI arasanIya ho jaayeNge| (3/9-12)

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216 sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA sAraH sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bhed| jahA~ viSaya ko nigIrNa arthAt AcchAdita karake viSayI (upamAna) ke sAtha usakI tAdAtmyapratIti karAI jAye use sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNA kahate haiM-nigIrNasya (anyatAdAtmyapratItikRt) matA saadhyvsaanikaa| yathA-siMho gcchti| yahA~ bAlaka kA vAkya meM pRthak nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA tathA siMha ke sAtha usakI abhedapratIti karAyI gayI hai| yaha atizayokti alaGkAra kA bIja hai| yaha cAra prakAra kI hai- (1) rUr3hiupAdAnasAdhyavasAnA-zveto dhaavti| (2) rUr3hilakSaNasAdhyavasAnA-kaliGgaH saahsikH| (3) prayojanaupAdAnasAdhyavasAnA-kuntAH prvishnti| (4) prayojanalakSaNasAdhyavasAnA-gaGgAyAM ghossH| (2/13) sAdhvasam-bhANikA kA eka angg| mithyA kathana karanA sAdhvasa kahA jAtA hai-mithyAkhyAnaM tu saadhvsm| (6/300) sAma-nAyikA kA mAnabhaGga karane kA eka upaay| priyavacanoM kA prayoga karake nAyikA ko manAnA sAma nAmaka upAya hai-priyavacaH saam| (3/208) sAmAnyam-eka arthaalngkaar| samAna guNoM ke kAraNa prakRta vastu kA anya ke sAtha tAdAtmya pratIta hone para sAmAnya alaGkAra hotA hai-sAmAnyaM prakRtasyAnyatAdAtmyaM sdRshairgunnaiH| ythaa-mllikaacitdhmmillaashcaarucndncrcitaaH| avibhAvyAH sukhaM yAnti cndrikaasvbhisaarikaaH|| isa padya meM mallikA zubhra puSpoM se Acita keza vAlI tathA zukla candana se lipta sarvAGga vAlI abhisArikAyeM candrikA ke sAtha tAdAtmya ko prApta haiM, ataH pahacAnI nahIM jaatii| ___ mIlita alaGkAra meM eka vastu se dUsarI kA tirodhAna ho jAtA hai jabaki yahA~ tAdAtmya hotA hai| (10/116) sAmAnyadharma:-upamA kA eka angg| upameya aura upamAna meM tulanA ke hetu guNa athavA kriyA manojJatva Adi sAmAnyadharma kahe jAte haiMsAdhAraNadharmo dvayoH sAdRzyahetU guNakriye mnojnytvaadi| (10/19 kI vRtti) sAra:-eka arthaalngkaar| vastu kA uttarottara utkarSa varNita karane meM sAra alaGkAra hotA hai-uttarottaramutkarSo vastunaH saarmucyte| yathA-rAjye

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pArUpyam 217 sAropAlakSaNA sAraM vasudhA, vasudhAyAmapi puraM pure saudham / saudhe talpaM talpe vaaraanggnaannggsrvsvm|| isa padya meM uttarottara rAjya meM pRthvI, pRthvI meM nagara, nagara meM bhavana, meM paryaGka tathA paryaGka meM kAminI ko sAravatI batAyA gayA hai| ( 10/102) bhavana sArUpyam-eka nATyalakSaNa | anurUpa vastu kI sarUpatA ke kAraNa citta ke kSobha kI vRddhi ko sArUpya kahate heM sArUpyamanurUpasya saaruupyaatkssobhvrdhnm| yathA - ve.saM. meM duryodhana ke bhrama se yudhiSThira kA bhIma ke prati kSubdha hokara 'durAtman! duryodhanahataka ! 0 ' Adi kathana / (6/200) sAropAlakSaNA-lakSaNA kA eka bheda / anigIrNa arthAt spaSTataH ukta viSaya (upameya) kI anya (upamAna) ke sAtha tAdAtmya pratIta karAne vAlI lakSaNA sAropA kahI jAtI hai- viSayasyAnigIrNasyAnyatAdAtmyapratItikRt sAropA syAt / yahI rUpaka alaGkAra kA bIja hai| yaha cAra prakAra kI hai(1) rUr3hiupAdAnasAropA- azvaH zveto dhAvati / yahA~ azva anigIrNa arthAt spaSTataH ukta hai tathA apane meM vidyamAna zveta guNa ke sAtha usakA tAdAtmya pratIta hotA hai| zveta zabda zvetaguNaviziSTa artha meM rUr3ha hai tathA tAdAtmyapratIti rUpa lakSyArtha ke sAtha apane svarUpa kA bhI bodha karAtA hai| azva para zveta kA Aropa hone ke kAraNa yaha sAropA bhI hai| (2) rUr3hilakSaNasAropA - kaliGgaH puruSo yudhyate / yahA~ kaliGga zabda kaliGgavAsI kA upalakSaNa mAtra hai tathA isa artha meM prasiddha hone ke kAraNa rUr3hi hai | pRthak rUpa se ukta puruSa ke sAtha abheda pratIta hone ke kAraNa sAropA hai| (3) prayojanaupAdAnasAropA - ete kuntAH pravizanti / yahA~ sarvanAma pada 'etat' se kuntadhArI puruSoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura kuntoM ke sAtha unakA tAdAtmya pratIta hotA hai| ( 4 ) pryojnlkssnnsaaropaaaayughRtm| yahA~ kAraNarUpa se Ayu kA sambandhI 'ghRta' usake sAtha tAdAtmya rUpa se pratIta hotA hai / yahA~ ghRta anyApekSayA vilakSaNa rIti se Ayu kA upakAraka hai, yaha dyotita karanA usakA prayojana hai tathA Ayu zabda AyuSkAraNa artha meM svayaM ko samarpita kara rahA hai, ataH lakSaNalakSaNA bhI hai| (2/13) S

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218 sAhAyyam sUtradhAraH sAhAyyam-eka naattyaalngkaar| saGkaTa ke samaya dUsare ke anukUla AcaraNa ko sAhAyya kahate haiM-sAhAyyaM saGkaTe yatsyAt sAnukUlyaM parasya c| yathA-ve.saM. meM kRpAcArya kA yuddha meM pratikAra karane ko udyata ho jAnA-vAJchAmyahamadya prtikrtum| (6/229) siddhiH-eka naattylkssnn| abhipreta artha kI siddhi ke lie bahutoM kA kathana siddhi kahA jAtA hai-bahUnAM kIrtanaM siddhirbhipretaarthsiddhye| yathA-yadvIryaM kUrmasajasya yazca zeSasya vikrmH| pRthivyA rakSaNe rAjannekatra tvayi ttsthitm|| isa padya meM rAjastutirUpa abhimata artha ko siddha karane ke lie 'yadvIryaM kUrmarAjasya' tathA 'yazca zeSasya vikramaH' ina do arthoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| (6/190) sUkSmam-eka arthaalngkaar| AkAra athavA iGgita se saMlakSita sUkSma artha jahA~ kisI yukti se sUcita kiyA jAye, vahA~ sUkSma alaGkAra hotA hai-saMlakSitastu sUkSmo'rtha AkAreNeGgitena vaa| kayApi sUcyate bhaGgyA yatra sUkSmaM tducyte|| sthUlamati vAloM ke dvArA lakSita na hone ke kAraNa ise sUkSma kahA jAtA hai| vaktrasyandisvedabinduprabandhairdRSTvA bhinnaM kuGkumaM kApi knntthe| puMstvaM tanvyA vyaJjayantI vayasyA smitvA pANau khaDgalekhAM lilekh|| mukha para bahe hue svedakaNoM se kuGkuma ko pu~chA huA dekhakara nAyikA kI viparIta rati samajhatI huI kisI sakhI ne usake hAtha para khaDga kA cihna banA diyaa| yahA~ AkAra se sUkSma artha kA jJAna karake use puruSatva ke sUcaka khaDgacihna se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra-saGketakAlamanasaM viTaM jJAtvA vidgdhyaa| hasannetrArpitAkUtaM lIlApadmaM nimiilitm|| isa padya meM bhrukuTibhaGgAdirUpa iGgita se viTa ko saGketakAla kA jijJAsu samajhatI huI kisI vidagdhA ne ha~sate netroM se abhiprAya batAte hue krIDAkamala ko banda kara diyaa| usake isa vyApAra se rAtri saGketakAla ke rUpa meM sUcita hotI hai| (10/119) sUtradhAraH-nATya kA vyvsthaapk| nATya ke sabhI upakaraNa sUtra kahe jAte haiM, unheM dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa isakI saMjJA sUtradhAra hai-nATyopakaraNAdIni suutrmitybhidhiiyte| sUtraM dhArayatItyarthe sUtradhAro nigdyte|| raGgamaJca para usakA

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saindhavam 219 __ sthAyIbhAvaH praveza pUrvaraGga ke vidhAna ke nimitta hotA hai, usakA prayoga karake vaha raGgamaJca se calA jAtA hai-pUrvaraGga vidhAyaiva sUtradhAro nivrttte| usake anantara usI ke samAna guNa aura AkAra vAlA sthApaka Akara kAvyArtha kI sthApanA karatA hai| (6/12) maindhavam-eka laasyaangg| jahA~ koI bhraSTasaGketa suvyakta vINA Adi ke sAtha prAkRta meM gItikA kA pATha kare vaha saindhava kahA jAtA hai-kazcana bhraSTasaGketaH suvyktkrnnaanvitH| prAkRtaM vacanaM vakti yatra tatsaindhavaM viduH| (6/248) ' stambha:-eka sAttvika anubhaav| bhaya, harSa, rogAdi ke kAraNa ceSTAoM kA ruka jAnA stambha kahA jAtA hai-stambhazceSTApratIghAto bhyhrssaamyaadibhiH| (3/146) sthApaka:-kAvyArtha kA sthaapk| yaha sUtradhAra ke hI samAna guNa tathA AkAra vAlA hotA hai| Ajakala pUrvaraGga kA samyak prakAra se prayoga nahIM hotA ataH sUtradhAra hI sabhI vyavahAroM kA svayaM hI prayoga karatA hai| vastutaH zAstrIya vyavasthA ke anusAra yaha kArya sthApaka kA hotA hai| vaha divya kathAvastu kI sUcanA divya rUpa dhAraNa karake, martyaloka kI kathAvastu kI sUcanA manuSya rUpa se tathA divyAdivya vastu kI sUcanA anyatara rUpa dhAraNa karake sAmAjikoM ko detA hai| (6/12) sthAyIbhAvaH-rasa kA eka angg| sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM mUlarUpa se sthita citta kI sthAyI vRttiyA~ sthAyIbhAva kahI jAtI haiN| yahI bhAva vibhAvAdi ke dvArA saMyukta hokara tattad rasa ke rUpa meM anubhUti ke viSaya banate haiN| isIlie yaha bhAva prArambha se anta taka vidyamAna rahatA hai tathA virodhI athavA avirodhI bhAva ise dabAne meM samartha nahIM ho paate| jaise mAlA ke aneka dAnoM meM eka hI sUtra anugata hotA hai, usI prakAra anya sabhI bhAvoM meM anugata hone vAlA tathA unase tirohita na hokara paripoSa ko prApta karane vAlA bhAva sthAyI kahA jAtA hai-aviruddhA viruddhA vA yaM tirodhaatumkssmaaH| AsvAdAGkurakando'sau bhAvaH sthAyIti sNmtH|| rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha. utsAha, bhaya, jugupsA, vismaya tathA zama ye nau sthAyIbhAva kahe jAte haiN| (3/184-85)

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sthitapAThyam 220 smRtiH sthitapAThyam-eka laasyaangg| kAma se santapta nAyikA jaba baiThakara prAkRta meM pATha karatI hai to use sthitapAThya kahate haiM -sthitapAThyaM tducyte| madanottApitA yatra paThati prAkRtaM sthitaa| AcArya abhinavagupta kA kathana hai ki sakAmA nAyikA yahA~ upalakSaNamAtra hai| krodhonmatta vyakti bhI yadi prAkRta kI racanA kA pATha kare to yaha bhI sthitapAThya nAmaka lAsyAGga hai-upalakSaNaM caitt| krodhodbhrAntasyApi prAkRtapaThanaM sthitpaatthymiti| (6/243) spRhA-eka naattyaalngkaar| atyanta ramaNIyatA ke kAraNa vastu kI AkAMkSA ko spRhA kahate haiM-AkAMkSA ramaNIyatvAd vastuno yA spRhA tu saa| yathA a.zA. meM zakuntalA kA adharapAna karate hue rAjA kI yaha ukti-cAruNA sphuritenaaympriksstkomlH| pipAsato mamAnujJAM dadAtIva priyaadhrH|| (yaha padya aneka saMskaraNoM meM nahIM miltaa| isakA sthAna tIsare aGka meM nepathyokti "cakravAkavadhUH Amantrayasva shcrm| upasthitA rjnii"| se pUrva hai|) (6/216) __ smaraNam-eka arthaalngkaar| sadRza anubhava se kisI pUrvAnubhUta vastu kI smRti kA varNana smaraNAlaGkAra hotA hai-sadRzAnubhavAd vastusmRtiH smrnnmucyte| yathA-aravindamidaM vIkSya kheltkhnyjnmnyjulm| smarAmi vadanaM tsyaashcaarucnycllocnm|| smRti nAmaka sAttvika bhAva ke prasaGga meM udAhRta mayi sakapaTam0 ityAdi padya meM varNita smaraNa sadRza vastu kI smRti se utpanna nahIM huA, ata: vahA~ yaha alaGkAra nahIM hai| isa prasaGga meM AcArya vizvanAtha ne rAghavAnanda mahApAtra nAmaka AcArya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai jo visadRza vastu ke anubhava se utpanna hone vAlI smRti meM bhI smaraNa alaGkAra mAnate haiN| isa sambandha meM unhIM ke dvArA nirmita padya ko udAhRta kiyA gayA hai-zirISamRdvI giriSu prapede, yadA yadA duHkhazatAni siitaa| tadA tadAsyAH sadaneSu saukhyalakSANi dadhyau galadazru raamH|| (10/40) smitam-hAsya kA eka bhed| jaba netroM meM kucha vikAsa ho aura oSTha sphurita hoM, use smita kahate haiM-ISadvikAsinayanaM smitaM syaatspnditaadhrm| yaha uttama prakRti ke logoM kA hAsya hai| (3/221) smRti:-pUrvarAga meM kAma kI tRtIya dshaa| kisI anya sadRza vastu

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smRti: 221 svapnaH ko dekhakara priya athavA usakI kisI sadRza vastu kA smaraNa ho AnA smRti kahA jAtA hai| yathA-mayi sakapaTaM kiJcitkvApi praNItavilocane, kimapi nayanaM prApte, tiryagvijRmbhitatArakam / smitamupagatAmAlIM dRSTvA salajjabhavAJcitaM, kuvalayadRzaH smeraM smeraM smarAmi tadAnanam / / (3/195) smRti: - eka vyabhicArI bhAva / smRti pUrvAnubhUta vastu ke smaraNa se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna hai jo usake sadRza kisI anya vastu ke darzana athavA cintanAdi se utpanna hotA hai| isameM bhauhoM kA car3hanA Adi hotA hai - sadRzajJAnacintAdyairbhUsamunnayanAdikRt / smRtiH pUrvAnubhUtArthaviSayajJAnamucyate / / yathA - mayi sakapaTaM kiJcitkvApi praNItavilocane, kimapi nayanaM prApte salajjabhavAJcitaM kuvalayadRzaH smeraM smeraM smarAmi tadAnanam / / (3/169) svakIyA-nAyikA kA eka bheda / vinaya, saralatA Adi guNoM se yukta, gRhakarma meM parAyaNa pativratA strI svakIyA kahI jAtI hai- vinayArjavAdiyuktA gRhakarmaparA pativratA svIyA / yathA - lajjAparyAptasAdhanAni parabhartRniSpipAsAni / avinayadurmedhAMsi dhanyAnAM gRhe kalatrANi / / yaha mugdhA, madhyA aura pragalbhA ke rUpa meM tIna prakAra kI hotI hai / (3/69-70) svagatam - nATyokti kA eka prakAra / jo kathana kisI dUsare pAtra ko sunAne yogya nahIM hotA use svagata kahate haiM - azrAvyaM khalu yadvastu tadiha svagataM mtm| parantu pAtra usa bAta ko isa prakAra se prastuta karatA hai jisase use sAmAjika suna leN| (6/161 ) svapnaH - eka vyabhicArIbhAva / nidrA meM nimagna puruSa ke viSayAnubhava karane kA nAma svapna hai| isameM kopa, Avega, bhaya, glAni, sukha, duHkhAdi hote haiM - svapno nidrAmupetasya viSayAnubhavastu yaH / kopAvegabhayaglAnisukhaduHkhAdikArakaH / / yathA-mAmAkAzapraNihitabhujaM nirdayAzleSahetorlabdhAyAste kathamapi mayA svapnasandarzaneSu / pazyantInAM na khalu bahuzo na sthalIdevatAnAM, muktAsthUlAstarukisalayeSva zrulezAH patanti / / meghadUta ke isa padya meM yakSa kI svapnasthiti kA varNana hai| (3/158)

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222 - svabhAvoktiH svazabdavAcyatvam svabhAvoktiH-eka arthaalngkaar| kevala kavimAtra ke dvArA vedya bAlakAdi kI ceSTAoM yA unake svarUpa ke varNana ko svabhAvokti kahate haiN-svbhaavoktirduruuhaarthsvkriyaaruupvrnnnm| yathA-lAGgelenAbhihatya kSititalamasakRddArayannagrapadbhyAM , mAtmanyevAvalIya drutamatha gaganaM protpatan vikrmenn| sphUrjaddhaGkAraghoSaH pratidizamakhilAn drAvayanneva jantUn, kopAviSTaH praviSTaH prtivnmrunnocchuunckssustrkssuH|| yahA~ tarakSu (bagherA) kI ceSTAoM kA svAbhAvika varNana hai| (10/121) svaragaGgaH-eka sAttvika anubhAva / nazA, harSa, pIDA Adi ke kAraNa kaNTha ke avaruddha ho jAne se svara kA vikRta ho jAnA svarabhaGga kahA jAtA hai, ise hI gadgada bhI kahate haiM-madasaMmadapIDAdyairvaisvayaM gadgadaM viduH| (3/146) svazabdavAcyatvam (rasasya)-eka kaavydoss| rasa kA sAmAnyavAcaka rasa zabda se athavA vizeSa vAcaka zRGgArAdi zabdoM se kathana doSAvaha hai| yathA-tAmuvIkSya kuraGgAkSI raso naH ko'pyjaayt| candramaNDalamAlokya zRGgAre mgnmntrm|| yahA~ pUrvArdha meM 'rasa' tathA uttarArdha meM 'zRGgAra' zabda se rasa kA kathana hai| yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6) svazabdavAcyatvam (sthAyinaH)-eka kaavydoss| sthAyIbhAva kA usake vAcaka zabda se kathana bhI doSakAraka mAnA jAtA hai| yathA-ajAyata ratistasyAstvayi locngocre| yahA~ rati nAmaka sthAyIbhAva kA svazabda se kathana hai| yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6) svazabdavAcyatvam (saJcAriNaH)-eka kAvyadoSa / vyabhicArIbhAva kA bhI svazabda se kathana doSakAraka hai| yathA-jAtA lajjAvatI mugdhA priyasya pricumbne| yahA~ lajjArUpI saJcArIbhAva kA svazabda se kathana hai| isake sthAna para prathama pAda meM 'AsInmukulitAkSI sA' aisA kathana honA caahie| jahA~ vibhAva aura anubhAvoM ke dvArA racanA karanA ucita na ho vahA~ saJcAriyoM kA svazabdavAcyatva doSa nahIM hotaa| yaha rasadoSa hai| (7/6)

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223 svAdhInabhartRkA harSaH svAdhInamartRkA-nAyikA kA eka bhed| ratiguNa se AkRSTa priya jisakA saGga na chor3e, vicitra prakAra ke vibhramoM (kAmakeliyoM) meM Asakta vaha nAyikA svAdhInabhartRkA kahI jAtI hai-kAnto ratiguNAkRSTo na jahAti ydntikm| vicitravibhramAsaktA sA syaatsvaadhiinbhrtRkaa|| yathA-asmAkaM sakhi vAsasI na rucire graiveyakaM nojjvalaM, no vakrA gatiruddhataM na hasitaM naivAsti kshcinmdH| kintvanye'pi janA vadanti subhago'pyasyAH priyo nAnyato, dRSTiM nikSipatIti vizvamiyatA manyAmahe duHsthitm|| yaha nAyaka nAyikA meM vizeSa vibhrama na hone para bhI usa para Asakta hai| (3/88) svedaH-eka sAttvika anubhaav| rati, dhUpa, zramAdi ke kAraNa zarIra se nikalane vAle jala ko sveda kahate haiM-vapurjalodgamaH svedo rtidhrmshrmaadibhiH| (3/146) hatavRttatA-eka kaavydoss| (1) lakSaNAnusArI hone para bhI jo sunane meM ThIka na lage, (2) jo rasa ke anukUla na ho tathA (3) jinake anta meM aisA laghu ho jo gurubhAva ko prApta nahIM ho sakatA, vahA~ hatavRtta nAmaka doSa hotA haiM isake udAharaNa kramazaH isa prakAra haiM-(1) hanta satatametasyA hRdayaM bhinte manobhavaH kuttilH| (2) ayi mayi mAnini mA kuru maanm| yaha chanda kevala hAsya rasa ke varNana ke lie hI upayukta hai, mAnApanodana jaisa kAryoM meM isakA prayoga doSAvaha hai| (3) vikasitasahakArabhArahAri parimala eSa samAgato vsntH| yahA~ prathama pAda kA antima varNa 'hAri' laghu hai jo kathamapi guru nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki prAyaH dvitIya aura caturtha pAda kA antima laghu hI vikalpa se guru ho sakatA hai| viSama pAdoM kA antima laghu kevala vasantatilakAdi chandoM meM hI guru hotA hai| yaha vAkyadoSa hai| (7/4) harSaH-eka vybhicaariibhaav| iSTa kI prApti hone para mana kA prasanna ho jAnA harSa kahA jAtA hai| isameM A~su AnA aura svara kA gadgada Adi ho jAnA hotA hai-harSastviSTAvAptermanaH prsaado'shrugdgdkrH| yathA-samIkSya putrasya cirAt pitA mukhaM nidhAnakumbhasya yathaiva durgtH| mudA zarIre prababhUva nAtmanaH payodhirindUdayamUrcchito ythaa| yahA~ putra kA mukha dekhakara prasanna ho rahe dilIpa kA harSabhAva varNita hai| (3/174)

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hAsyaH hallIza: 224 hallIza:[:- uparUpaka kA eka bhed| yaha laya aura tAla se yukta ekAGkI uparUpaka hai jisameM sAta, ATha athavA dasa strIpAtra tathA eka hI udAtta vacana bolane vAlA puruSa hotA hai| yaha racanA mukha aura nirvahaNa sandhi tathA kaizikI vRtti se sampanna hotI hai - hallIza eka evAGkaH, saptASTau daza vA striyaH / vAgudAttaikapuruSaH, kaizikIvRttisaGkulaH / mukhAntimau tathA sandhI bahutAlalayasthitiH / isakA udAharaNa keliraivatakam hai| (6/299) hasitam-nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / yauvana ke udgama para utpanna hone vAlA akAraNa hAsa hasita kahA jAtA hai- hasitaM tu vRthA hAso yauvanodbhedasambhavaH / yathA - akasmAdeva tanvaGgI jahAsa yadiyaM punaH / nUnaM prasUnabANo'syAM svArAjyamadhitiSThati / / (3 / 129) hasitam - hAsya kA eka bheda / jahA~ netravikAsa tathA adharoM ke sphuraNa ke sAtha ha~sate hue dA~ta kucha-kucha dikhAI deM use hasita kahate haiM- kiJcidvilakSyadvijaM tatra hasitaM kathitaM budhaiH / yaha uttama prakRti ke logoM kA hAsya hai| (3/221 ) hAva:-nAyikA kA sAttvika alaGkAra / yaha aGgaja vikAra hai| bhrU tathA netrAdi ke vikAroM se sambhoga kI icchA kA sUcaka, manovikAra kA alpaprakAzita bhAva hI hAva kahA jAtA hai- bhrUnetrAdivikAraistu sambhogecchAprakAzakaH / bhAva evAlpasaMlakSyavikAro hAva uccate / / yathA- vivRNvatI zailasutApi bhAvamaGgaiH sphuradbAlakadambakalpaiH / sAcIkRtA cArutareNa tasthau mukhena paryastavilocanena | | ( 3 / 105 ) hAsa:- hAsya rasa kA sthAyIbhAva / vikRta vANI Adi ko dekhakara utpanna hone vAlI cittavRtti kI vikasita ho jAne kI sthiti ko hAsa kahate haiM- vAgAdivaikRtaizcetovikAso hAsa iSyate / (3/186) hAsya :- eka rasa / hAsya rasa kA sthAyIbhAva citta kI hAsa nAmaka vRtti hotI hai| vikRta AkAra, vANI, veSa, ceSTA Adi se tathA kA~kha athavA garadana para gudagudAne se yaha utpanna hotA hai / vikRta AkAra, vANI aura ceSTAoM vAle jisa vyakti ko dekhakara hAsya utpanna ho, vaha usakA Alambana tathA usakI ceSTAyeM uddIpana vibhAva hotI haiN| isake anubhAva netroM kA mukulita

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hetu: 225 hetu: honA, mukha kA vikasita honA Adi haiN| nidrA, Alasya, avahittthA Adi isake vyabhicArIbhAva haiN| isakA varNa zveta tathA devatA pramatha ko mAnA gayA hai jo ziva ke gaNa hai - vikRtAkAravAgvezaceSTAdeH kuhakAd bhavet / hAso hAsasthAyibhAvaH zvetaH prmthdaivtH| vikRtAkAravAkceSTaM yamAlokya hasejjanaH / tamatrAlambanaM prAhustacceSToddIpanaM matam / anubhAvo'kSisaGkocavadanasmeratAdayaH / nidrAlasyAvahittthAdyA atra syurvyabhicAriNaH / hAsya ke AzrayabhUta nAyaka kA kabhI-kabhI kAvya meM sAkSAt upanibandhana nahIM bhI hotA, kevala usake Alambana aura uddIpana hI varNita kiye jAte haiM phira bhI vibhAvAdi ke sAmarthya se vaha arthApatti ke dvArA upalabdha ho jAtA hai| punaH usake vibhAvAdi ke sAtha sAdhAraNIkaraNa karake sahRdaya ko hAsyarasa kI anubhUti hotI hai| gurogiraH paJcadinAnyadhItya, vedAntazAstrANi dinatrayaM ca / amI samAghrAya ca tarkavAdAn samAgatAH kukkuTamizrapAdAH / / isa padya meM kukkuTamizra mahodaya hAsya kA Alambana haiN| isakA paripAka laTakamelakam Adi nATakoM meM huA hai| hAsya ke chaH bheda haiM- smita, hasita, vihasita, avahasita, apahasita aura atiihsit| ( 3/219-22) hetu :- eka nATyalakSaNa / saMkSepa meM kahA huA vAkya jahA~ hetu kA pradarzana karatA huA abhimata artha ko sAdhita kare use hetu kahate haiM- heturvAkyaM samAsoktamiSTakRddhetudarzanAt / yathA - ve.saM. meM ceTI kA yaha kathana evaM mayA bhaNitaM yuSmAkamamukteSu kezeSu kathaM devyAH kezAH saMyamyante / yahA~ devI draupadI ke kezasaMyamana kA hetu bhAnumatI Adi kurustriyoM ke kezoM kA mukta honA hai| (6/175) , hetuH-eka arthaalngkaar| hetu aura hetumAn kA abhedakathana hetu alaGkAra hotA hai - abhedenAbhidhA heturhetorhetumatA saha / yathA - tAruNyasya vilAsaH samadhikalAvaNyasampado hAsaH / dharaNitalasyAbharaNaM, yuvajanamanaso vshiikrnnm|| isa padya meM vazIkaraNa kI hetu nAyikA ko vazIkaraNa hI kaha diyA gayA hai| (10/83)

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226 helA helA helA-nAyikA kA sAttvika alngkaar| yaha aGgaja vikAra hai| manobhAva ke atyanta spaSTarUpa se lakSita hone para vaha helA kahalAtA hai-helA'tyantasamAlakSyavikAraH syAtsa eva c| yathA-tathA tasyA jhaTiti pravRttA vadhvAH sarvAGgavibhramAH sklaaH| saMzayitamugdhabhAvA ciraM yathA skhiinaampi|| (3/106)

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caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja 110 AdyAcArya bhAmaha viracitaH kAvyAlaGkAraH 'AnandA''khya hindIbhASyasaMvalitaH bhASyakAra : sAhityavAridhi DaoN. rAmAnanda zarmA bI.e. oNnarsa, ema.e. (hindI, saMskRta) pI-eca. DI., DI. liT (labdhasvarNapadaka) rIDara evaM adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga, hindU kAleja, murAdAbAda - 244001 S PAR AAN HVAra caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI